A number of reddit communities devoted to qanon, a collection of radical deep state" conspiracy theories, were banned from the location wednesday. Ab – conspiracy theories play a troubling function in political discourse. It's very doable hannity is aware of this — that he does not really imagine some of these conspiracies however sees information, regardless of its veracity, as a political tool. The research is a retrospective case-control research utilizing a big dataset from the online discussion board network reddit, evaluating users who would go on to submit feedback in a conspiracy forum with a gaggle of control customers.
The 35-yr-previous german was deep into the conspiracy theory scene for years earlier than she dropped out, turning her consideration to educating outsiders in regards to the sinister reality behind third reich truthers and "Chemmies" a.Okay.A people who imagine the federal government is dumping poisonous agents in aircraft vapor trails. The tonality and exaggeration of how some these facts are offered actually pushes this into conspiracy concept territory and it does the details no favors.
I am saying, this sentiment of russia being answerable for anything and all the things specifically is simply foolish in comparison with the amount of actual rubbish that's influencing people domestically, be it far right groups, company mouthpieces just like the web far right "Skeptic group" and the actual media in fox news, crtv, ann and others.
The location was a hotbed of conspiracy forums accusations towards the survivors of the parkland, florida capturing—although opinions on what actually occurred throughout the shooting were divided and there are at present a lot of fashionable threads questioning what actually" occurred in the latest fuel attack in syria, which has usually been accepted as carried out by syrian president bashar al-assad against his personal people.
We describe a singular method to finding out on-line conspiracy theorists which used non-destructive matrix factorization to create a topic mannequin of authors' contributions to the primary conspiracy discussion board on this subreddit gives a big corpus of feedback which spans many years and quite a few authors. On the monological model, an inclination to consider conspiracy theories is the first explanatory assemble for why conspiracy theorists exist (though this tendency itself could also be defined in various ways).
In reality, it was hannity who helped trump push his conspiracy principle that barack obama wasn't born in the us. Conspiracy theories are operating rampant within the absence of a clear rationalization of why symantec deleted threads expressing concern about a file known as from its norton assist boards. Fox mulder (david duchovny) in the x-files is keen on becoming a member of seemingly unrelated dots to create a conspiracy idea – however in reality, the image is more nuanced.
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The Texans Feeding Texans Home-Delivered Meal Grant Program was established to help supplement and extend the applicants current home-delivered meal program for seniors and/or disabled Texans. Governmental and non-profit agencies are eligible for this grant program.
Counties can bring TDA dollars to their communities by making qualifying grants to meal providers. County grants should be based on the county seniors as reported by the census: 2010 Census Numbers per County.
* A grant equivalent to $0.25 per county senior as reported in the 2010 census qualifies meal providers for funds under the Program.
* County grants at rates less than $0.25 per county senior will qualify providers for correspondingly smaller TDA grants.
If a county has multiple meal providers, the individual county qualifying grants will be totaled to determine the County's overall participation level.
Receive a grant from the county in which meals are delivered, documented through a signed county resolution form.
Deliver meals during the previous fiscal year to homebound elderly (60 or older) or disabled individuals.
Complete a required application with accurate meal numbers.
TDA staff will work with meal providers and their counties to ensure all qualified applicants receive funding.
September 1 – November 1 each year: Administrative review to ensure applications are complete with required information. Applications submitted prior to November 1 will be allowed to submit supplemental information, if needed. However, ALL information must be complete and submitted to TDA by November 1.
Mid December: TDA sends email verification to every applicant to confirm the number of eligible meals. A response is required from every provider.
Late December: Calculate awards and send notice of grant award letter and grant agreements.
February 1 each year: First half of the grant award is paid out and meal providers will be required to document expenditures through quarterly performance reports.
August 1 each year: Second half of the grant award is paid out.
TDA program staff will monitor grantees and perform desk reviews at periodic times throughout the grant cycle.


Parents play a leading role in the educational endeavors of their children. For that reason, parental involvement is crucial in the academic success of their children. However, oftentimes, immigrant and English Language Learner (ELL) parents don't have the proper knowledge or academic vocabulary to help their children succeed in school. School districts and teachers should work together by creating seminars or courses in which parents can learn academic vocabulary. Here are three tips to keep in mind when empowering parents with academic vocabulary.
In order for academic language to be acquired, it must be introduced and reinforced. School districts and teachers can preview the text or topic and ensure that they identify vocabulary that may be new to immigrant or ELL parents. Visuals, translation, acting out, or using synonyms can help convey the meaning of certain words and terms. Asking parents to use the words can reinforce new academic language or terms in sentences to demonstrate that they have comprehended said language.
Academic language taught to parents can include words and terms that are outside of the content area for academic vocabulary. As with learning any language, there are countless words and terms that need to be learned in order to understand the context of a language. In other words, immigrant and ELL parents must learn functional vocabulary. Immigrant and ELL parents might not feel comfortable using the new language and academic vocabulary, so it is important to encourage parents to be given opportunities to speak the language, such as during parent conferences or workshops.
In order to confirm that parents are comprehending the academic vocabulary that they are learning, it is important to access and measure their knowledge in meaningful ways. School administrators and teachers should hold one-on-one meetings or small group seminars in which they review language and concepts being learned. Meaningful assessments help school administrators and teachers directly address the objectives of learning and confirming the appropriate academic language.
The Latino Family Literacy Project offers training for school staff to work with parents to build academic language. We provide facilitators with pre- and post-questionnaires to measure the success of their program. School districts and teachers seeking guidance can consult with The Latino Literacy Project or attend a webinar or in-person training that reviews ways to better communicate with immigrant and ELL parents, as well as helping parents feel comfortable within the school setting.


How do you warm up before a fitness class?
Still mind, firm grip, clear intention. All part of the art.
The abs and back lock. I curl the bar with steel plates collared on.
One more. No, I can get two.
I don't care about callouses. I don't even care about the difficulty of breathing. I care about the rep. The next rep. Clean. In perfect form, the hardest kind.
In the mirror I look like I might explode. And I might–one day. But it's all worth it today.
The pain lasts a few seconds after I set the bar down. So much satisfaction and only a blip of pain to get it. Delayed pain will hit late on the next day, usually between my shoulder blades, in my glutes, or the side of my quads. Why don't my hamstrings hurt much? Maybe I oughtta address that.
I sweat hard when I go heavy. That's how I reach the thrill. Sweat makes the muscles glisten. I need to shine. It's part of the art.
Who would have believed I would play with Dumbbells?
It's nothing like playing with dolls, or coloring in books, or dancing to record albums. That was me then.
This is me now. Power.
Not better, but power in it's own way.
It's a rock hard determination kind of power. This is how I've come to own myself, how I have chosen to rise above the opinions others had about who I was to become–others who saw me in the past as shy, wearing dresses, with plump legs and squishy cheeks, and never sweating.
She'll be a smiling church girl when she grows up. She'll eat cornbread and fried chicken and green beans from a can.
She'll bake pies and banana breads–splurge on foot longs–sip diet cokes at the bowling alley on Saturday nights and her double helping of fried mushrooms.
Or she might be a hippy with a big booty, no she'll be fat or what we call a (very) big girl when she grows up.
Because that's who I used to be.
But now I play with fitness toys and health books and I do push ups and chins and press a stack of weights over my head. I Vitamix green stuff with protein. I live the art of movement.
Still mind, firm grip, clear intention.
It's all part of the art.


text:
Ольга Иакинфовна Кузенева, также Ольга Иакинфовна Кузенева-Прохорова, также Ольга Никинфовна Кузенева-Прохорова (1887, Духовщина, Смоленская губерния, Российская империя — 1978, Ленинград, СССР) — российский (советский) ботаник, флорист-систематик, ботаник-географ. Наиболее известна своей работой над «Флорой Мурманской области» (1953—1966).

Биография
Родилась а (по другой информации — 13 апреля по новому стилю) в уездном городе Духовщина Смоленской губернии.

Училась в Санкт-Петербурге в Екатерининском институте, который окончила с отличием. Сразу после этого поступила на только что открывшиеся Высшие женские сельскохозяйственные курсы, организованные известным агрономом Иваном Александровичем Стебутом — будущие Стебутовские курсы (сейчас — Санкт-Петербургский государственный аграрный университет), которые окончила в 1909 году.

В 1908 году Кузенева приняла участие в одной из комплексных почвенно-ботанических экспедиций, организованных Переселенческим управлением Русского вольно-экономического общества. Эта экспедиция в Приамурье охватила бассейн реки Зея в её верхнем и среднем течении и стала первой почвенно-ботанической экспедицией в этом регионе. Её руководителем был профессор Николай Иванович Прохоров (1877—1930), заведующий кафедрой почвоведения Стебутовских курсов. После окончания курсов Кузенева осталась при кафедре почвоведения и участвовала почти во всех экспедициях Прохорова (они проводились ежегодно), заведуя их ботанической частью.

После Октябрьской революции перешла на преподавательскую работу в Географический институт (сейчас — Факультет географии и геоэкологии Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета), одним из руководителей которого был Н. И. Прохоров.

Занималась обработкой различных родов для «Флоры юго-востока европейской части СССР» (1927, 1930, 1931, издание не было закончено) и Флоры СССР (1935, 1936, 1937).

В 1941—1945 годах работала в Башкирии, занимаясь исследованиями местной растительности, затем, с 1946 года, — в Полярно-альпийском ботаническом саде (ПАБС) КФАН СССР (сейчас — Полярно-альпийский ботанический сад-институт им. Н. А. Аврорина) младшим научным сотрудником, затем старшим научным сотрудником. В 1947 году по результатам геоботанических исследований в Амурской области защитила кандидатскую диссертацию «Быссино-Селемджинский район в естественно-историческом отношении». С 1947 по 1963 год работала в ПАБСе руководителем группы флоры; её исследования в этот период были большей частью связаны с подготовкой издания 5-томной «Флорой Мурманской области» (1953, 1954, 1956, 1959, 1966), при этом обработки таксонов, сделанные Кузеневой, были оценены очень высоко, а само издание «Флоры Мурманской области» было признано одной из лучших работ по региональной флоре СССР.

Скончалась 5 июля 1978 года в Ленинграде.

Почести
В честь Кузеневой названы следующие виды высших растений:
 . Этот вид был описан в 1967 году В. Н. Ворошиловым по гербарному образцу, собранному О. И. Кузеневой в Якутии за 50 лет до этого, в 1914 году
  (эндемик Фенноскандии, вид из Красной книги Мурманской области)

 . По гербарному образцу, собранному О. И. Кузеневой в 1957 году, в 2002 году Цвелёвым был описан таксон в ранге подвида , в 2012 году Цвелёв описал этот таксон в ранге вида.

Награждена медалью «За трудовую доблесть» (1950), орденом «Знак Почёта» (1954).

Примечания

Литература

Ссылки

Ботаники по алфавиту
Ботаники Российской империи
Ботаники СССР
Учёные Кольского научного центра РАН

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


...ist lustig, eine Kanufahrt ist schön!
In April my journeys took me to the beautiful, layedback pacific island Samoa. We stayed at Litia Sini Beach Resort, which is on one of the beaches that was hit worst by the bad Tsunami in 2009. Litia and her family had to start from scratch, but with some help of a Kiwi family they managed to rebuild a beautiful place.


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
April 17, 2011 Posted on by
French Woman Carine Roitfeld Knows Sensuality Is Not a Sin
Luxury, Fashion IndustryFiled under
In February Emmanuelle Alt, new editor-in-chief of VOGUE Paris, talked to VOGUE US about her plans for the magazine.
"More French girls, more French lifestyle… . I always want a relationship with reality: nothing too sexy or provocative or fashion victim. Even I love to dream, I want the magazine to feature a girl who looks like she belongs in real life. We are French — we can show smoking, nudity. We have no boundaries, and it can be good to have them."
Marta Español photographed by Santiago Esteban for Elle Russia, February 2011
My heart dropped when I read Alt's words. In the global fight to control women's bodies, France as a nation and Carine Roitfeld as VOGUE Paris editor-in-chief and sensual libertine have said 'no deal' to tsk-tsk talk that modesty is always a woman's best virtue.
Interviewed recently by SPIEGEL, Roitfeld said that fashion doesn't let people dream any more. Defending some of her bolder journeys into provocation, we hear a vintage Roitfeld response to being called the woman who invented 'porn chic'.
Yes, of course. Fashion has to be given free rein and only a small number of restrictions. I never used any photos that my children shouldn't see; that was my benchmark. The little girls wearing makeup were never naked; it said "No Smoking" under the pregnant woman; and why shouldn't old people kiss? You must be allowed to play. Anything else is terribly boring. I've also painted white models black and later red, which (the French anti-racist NGO) SOS Racisme complained about.
Did women strip in every issue of Carine Roitfeld's French fashion and style manifesto? Not really. Did an element of provocation hang in the editorial air? Always. Did Roitfeld cause an appropriate reader meter gasp on occasion?
Of course — it was her job as editor of VOGUE Paris.
Lara Stone lensed by Mario Sorrenti for Vogue Paris February 2011
At 94, the famous French sculptor Louise Bourgeois was making waves in Seattle a few years back, with the unveiling of her naked father and son fountain. This 'decadent' artist woman actually embroidered a handkerchief with the memorable reflection: "I have been to hell and back, and let me tell you, it was wonderful."
X-Rated French Metro Station
In January 2008 I attended the erotic exhibit 'Hell at the Library. Eros in Secret'. A huge, multi-story X-mark lit up the side of the National Library, inviting all of Paris to partake in its erotic pleasures.
Can you imagine American tax payer funds being used to doll up a metro station, announcing the coming arrival of a sex exhibit? Just a decade ago, US Attorney General John Ashcroft ordered that the Spirit of Justice's right breast be covered in the nation's capital.
In Paris, the collection of 350 sexually explicit literary works, manuscripts, engravings, lithographs, photographs, film clips, book covers, even calling cards and cardboard pop-ups told a very different story about erotica through the ages.
Erotic imaginations continued to fuel European minds centuries ago, while witches, branded as lusty for a taste of Satan's penis, burned at the stake. Tales of naughty nuns, lustful women, and detailed illustrations of men pleasuring the private parts of noble women defied the lie that only modern civilization is morally corrupt.
Conservatives in all religions say that feminists and independent women have joined the pornographers in destroying the culture with our skin-baring ways.
Consulting on a high-end erotic website a few years, I personally studied the locations of our viewers based on ip addresses. Mesa, Arizona — upscale home of America's largest Mormon community — topped New York; Greenwich, Connecticut; and London.
Human's pursuit of the erotic is ageless and Roitfeld understands this reality.
Carine Roitfeld's VOGUE Paris existed in alignment with the Paris French metro station, Louise Bourgeois and Hell at the Library. At times she used the pages of Vogue Paris as a lens to life behind closed doors, the sensual fantasies of a nation and a world interested in watching them.
Vogue Paris April 2011 Issue
Emmanuelle Alt cannot be judged on her first issue of VOGUE Paris, which was a bitter disappointment for me.
The April issue feels like Marie Claire or Madame Figaro, safe and secure and perhaps not as well executed. Madame Figaro can take a bourgeois concept like weddings, and present an editorial with artistic drama. There was little drama in the April issue of VOGUE, Paris.
Did I say demure? Yes, the debut issue was definitely demure. Vogue Paris, formerly the global beacon of sensuality, seems to be hopping on board with the Republicans, telling women to put away the hot pants and zip up like good girls.
Why is this abrupt change necessary? All reports about Roitfeld's financial performance as editor in chief are that she produced significant revenue increases for the title, which has a circulation around 130,000, but much bigger global influence.
Even if Alt wants to pursue a more discrete sensual vision for her VOGUE Paris — which is her right– there are clever ways to do it, without resorting to prim and proper. There was no real twist in her first issue of VOGUE Paris, nothing out of line, not a bit of Diana Vreeland-inspired revolt — with one exception.
Only Isabeli Fontana, lensed by David Sims in 'Wanted' had an ounce of strong editorial character and drama. There was no nudity, but I loved the editorial, writing:
I don't care about the fashion just this minute . I want to bottle Isabeli's spirit in the fight to retain our rights as women in America, while the Egyptian women form their own political party before they all end up under burqas. I may pack this image in my pocket, given the fact that I don't pack a pistol like Sarah Palin.
'Wanted', an American Western Grapes of Wrath Bonnie & Clyde editorial was a home run. Gisele Bündchenwas milk toast and Siri Tollerod downright chaste. I, too, am happy to see Hans Feurer in Vogue Paris, but Anja Rubik in 'Immaculée Séduction' hardly looks like a Feurer woman. The very name of the editorial summed up the new mood of VOGUE Paris under Alt.
Hans Feurer images
I don't buy the argument that VOGUE Paris must look like the work of fashion bloggers.
The challenge is one of editorial balance and VOGUE Paris should be in the lead, executing better than other fashion media and for heavens sake, fashion bloggers and independent artists, who are doing a great job in many cases.
VOGUE Paris must excel above indy talent or the magazine has a big hiccup long-term. Just this week I posted five works that blew me away artistically, including Andrej Pejic's 'Dark Narcissus' by Alexander Hankoff.
Andrej and Alexander, and the entire creative team, delivered one of the strongest 2:20 minutes of my career in fashion. Indy talent is making their own publications, editorials and strong fashion statements. As a businessperson, I disagree that this is the moment for VOGUE Paris to go real and mainstream, because indy creative talent is raising the editorial bar quickly.
VOGUE Paris Doesn't Need a Fashion Burqa
For me fashion and politics are inseparable, and I know that many French women don't agree. Yes, Karl Lagerfeld calls his shades his burqa, but for millions of women, burqas are not a glamorous fashion accessory.
Reflecting on the April issue of Vogue Paris, I said 'basta'. This is the country that has outlawed burqas and all other face coverings for women and men in public. What is with all this purity, even reflected in the titles of editorials?
I'm tired of the accusations that the French burqa debate is solely about Nicholas Sarkozy appeasing the nationalists.
For all the naysayers who argue that burqas are a matter of free choice, just today the Muslim Council of Britain said that not covering the face is a 'shortcoming' and suggested that any Muslims who advocate being uncovered could be guilty of rejecting Islam.
In a statement published on its website the MCB, warns: "We advise all Muslims to exercise extreme caution on this issue, since denying any part of Islam may lead to disbelief.' Translated: Muslim women, get under your burqas and keep quiet.
The majority of Muslim women who make the case for wearing burqas are Western women converts to Islam who explain that it's liberating not being a sex object all day long. That may be true, but don't tell me that millions of women worldwide willing choose to wear their burqas. In Saudi Arabia, you can still be stoned to death for showing a glimpse of ankle.
Lubna Hussein speaks at press conference with French Minister Bernard Kouchner, Nov 2009
I've been involved in international women's rights for some time now and the burqa debate is not new for me. When journalist Lubna Hussein, facing a flogging in Sudan for wearing too tight trousers, fled Sudan into Egypt under a burqa in a moment of poetic justice, where did she go? To Paris, where she was welcomed by the government and given refuge.
Eight Arab men came to me for help in Lubna's case. I expressed concerns that perhaps my writing could hurt Lubna, because I embrace sexuality so positively. 'No, Anne. We want you just the way you are,' they said.
I understand and respect Emmanuelle Alt's comments about the importance of boundaries, especially in today's global world. BUT, I hope that she doesn't shy away from the nudity too often, because the French are leaders in standing up for women's sexuality. Yes, French women have justifiable complaints about their own culture, but France is miles ahead of the rest of the world.
The religious battle over women's bodies is gearing up as never before and western women are being damned, too. While the Vatican investigates American nuns for being too permissive, Congress debates a new abortion-health care provision that will allow American women entitled to a legal abortion to die in an emergency ward, if the hospital or physician doesn't want to perform an abortion.
The Utah legislature passed a law making miscarriage a felony, and thankfully the governor vetoed it without enough votes for an override. South Dakota backed down from a law that would have allowed a husband to kill his wife for assisting their daughter in getting a legal abortion, calling his crime justifiable homicide.
France As a Beacon of Sensual Liberty
Having spent endless time in France in my career, I know that French women are among the most well-balanced creatures on the planet. With significant freedoms and a spiritual attachment to religion, French women are leaders in international women's rights activism.
Because she's less defined in her own head by patriarchal forces than American women are, French women are freer to follow their own paths.
In writing these words, I don't dismiss the challenges that French women still have in their pursuit of equality. But I feel strongly that French women must push the body politics issues forward against the growing religious forces that are determined to control women's bodies permanently.
In all my years in France, I had only one episode that was sexually shocking in a country with so much sexual freedom. The vast majority of French women are discreet and already exhibit significant restraint in their relationships with sex, food and everyday living.
Is French Culture Changing?
Karl Lagerfeld says that fashion is tired of nudity, but I say we must press on tastefully and with purpose beyond sexual titillation.
In November 2010, LVMH NOWNESS published a nude Eniko Mihalik in 'Eniko Gets Her Rocks On', so I don't buy the argument that Bernard Arnault objects to nude provocation in VOGUE Paris. Did he raise a tastefulness question about the December issue? Perhaps.
I've rejected Terry Richardson's photography always, and I know that Carine Roitfeld advanced him. We can't agree on everything.
Richardson's 'every woman wants to be a porn star' mantra is now openly rejected by young people and most people in fashion. Opposing Richardson's pornified approach to sexy editorials is easy when other photographers are expressing nudity – not with a frat boy mentality – but with beauty and artistry.
At Yale University last October, pledges of Delta Kappa Epsilon's fraternity that has produced five American presidents, walked towards the Yale Women's Center chanting 'No means yes, yes means anal. Fucking sluts. My name is Jack, I'm a necrophilliac, I fuck dead women and fill them with my semen.'
In Terry Richardson's mind, this is just boys having fun, right? It's a harmless bit of fun at women's expense at America's premier university, dedicated to cultivating our future masters of the universe.
In this global battle for women's bodies, Carine Roitfeld is my rock of Gibralter, the editorial heroine of the fight that lies ahead for women everywhere and especially in America, where the Conservative tide is turning against women.
If American women lose our rights, I can't imagine how Arab women will gain theirs. Roitfeld has been a torch bearer for women, and I want her vision continued — if adapted — under Emmanuelle Alt as editor of Vogue Paris.
Vogue Paris is now an international publication, one that could advance French influence and attitudes about women's emancipation worldwide, especially if Conde Nast would consider the unthinkable and publish it in multiple languages online.
I don't need Emmanuelle Alt to show me women's everyday reality; I need her to show women a way out of it, expressing with reassurance what French women know about living, loving and pushing the sensual envelope at every age – because they really do.
There is no need for a significant course correction in the number of bosoms displayed in Vogue Paris.
VOGUE Paris has been a beacon of hope for thinking women, and I pray that it becomes even stronger in communicating the lifestyle of Smart Sensuality women who are sexy, intelligent, spiritual and at peace with our bodies, embracing a positive sensuality from food to flowers and yes, sexuality, too.
Emmanuelle Alt should not dismiss this strength in the character of French women with her own editorial burqa. Sensuality is not a sin, and French women are leaders worldwide in spreading this critical gospel.
Anja Rubik Bernard Arnault Carine Roitfeld Emmanuelle Alt Eniko Mihalik Fashion Editor Fashion Magazines Gisele Bundchen Hans Feurer Isabeli Fontana Karl Lagerfeld Madame Figaro Marie-Claire Mario Sorrenti Siri Tollerod Terry Richardson VOGUE Paris
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This is a really fun event and I highly recommend going.
A FREE day of entertainment, education & adventure celebrating the potential of our waterfront!
On Saturday, July 20th thousands from throughout the metropolitan region will make their way to the waterfront for the 6th annual City of Water Day Festival, presented by Metropolitan Waterfront Alliance. A FREE day of entertainment, education, and adventure celebrating the world-class potential of our waterfront, the City of Water Day Festival is held each year on Governors Island and in Liberty State Park, NJ. Festival highlights include: FREE narrated boat tours; FREE ferry transit between Governors Island and Liberty State Park; kayaking, paddle-boarding, fishing, and sailing opportunities at Liberty State Park, NJ; the Waterfront Activity Fair and Symposium; special children's activities like fishing, races, sing-a-longs, and arts and crafts; live music, delicious food, and more! Please visit www.cityofwaterday.org for all of the exciting details.
Disney's TRYathlon - a one-of-a-kind TRYathlon that tests their skills, fosters teamwork, and allows them to discover new ways to challenge themselves.
At Governors Island and at Liberty State Park you will find award-winning food and hundreds of Alliance Partners showing off their important work at the Waterfront Activity Fair.
Need more convincing? Watch the City of Water Day video!
City of Water Day 2013 - Join the Fun!
Unglue yourself from the air conditioner, come down to your shore, your amazing waterfront and have some fun at City of Water Day.
Despite the heat, you will have a great time although it might make you sad that Roosevelt Island does not take greater advantage of our own East River waterfront.
Perhaps 2013 City Of Water Day be a call to action for the Roosevelt Island waterfront!!!
Here's directions to Governors Island and ferry schedule.


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Q: White test confirms heteroskedasticity while Breusch-Pagan test doesn't I'm using SAS in order to create a model for a cars datasets. The response variable y, is the price of the car. By the way I'm using the PROC MODEL statement in order to check heteroskedasticity. This is the output:
                               Test di eteroschedasticità
Equazione       Test               Statistica     DF    Pr > ChiQuadr    Variabili

price           Test di White           56.32     27           0.0008    Cross of all vars
                Breusch-Pagan           11.43      7           0.1208    1,
                                                                         normalized_losses,
                                                                         height, bore,
                                                                         stroke,
                                                                         compression_ratio,
                                                                         simbol, peak_rpm

Questions:

*

*Is there heteroskedasticity? Breusch-Pagan accepts the null hypothesis, while White doesn't.

*I couldn't put in the proc model statement all my variables, because some of them were qualitative. Could this be a (or maybe "THE") problem?

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Home / News & Events / Commerce Blog / PlainsCraft: Made by Hand, in Kansas
PlainsCraft: Made by Hand, in Kansas
Coming Soon to a Trail Near You
There was a time when a covered wagon rolling across the plains of Kansas was a very common sight. And today, with the help of the unique, hand-built designs of PlainsCraft, you may just see a Conestoga "hitting the trail" on your next trip across Kansas.
After months of research and building out an initial design, Dennis and Donna Steinman founded PlainsCraft in January 2019. Since then, they've perfected both the design and construction of high quality, custom-made campers that offer a unique experience and an opportunity to connect with some Kansas history.
Glamorous Camping or "Glamping" is an emerging market for those looking to ditch the traditional hotel in favor of a mobile camping escape. "These campers are great for people who want to experience something different, love the outdoors, but don't want to give up the amenities and comforts of home," said Dennis Steinman, who is the chief designer and builder.
With this trend just starting to take off, PlainsCraft is perfectly positioned to provide these one-of-a-kind units to RV parks and campgrounds, ranches, hotel venues, or other outdoor recreation areas. Whether they are used by an individual or leased out commercially, the PlainsCraft Conestoga wagon allows users to take a piece of history with them as they take on the west—or wherever the road may lead.
"Traditional Conestoga wagons were used to cross the country and head west during the pioneer days, and we believe these campers offer something that is unique and portrays some of our country's history," said Dennis.
The Steinmans have put care into every detail, with the goal of making them as authentic as possible without sacrificing comfort.
PlainsCraft allows users to pick out and customize the inside, with options for both king- and queen-sized beds in addition to bunk beds. "We have built in a handmade wagon wheel table and cabinets to hold a mini-fridge and microwave, and we're currently working on designs for an in-unit bathroom," said Donna. And, unlike the ones used by our pioneer ancestors, each unit comes equip with heating and air conditioning to help take on the elements in comfort and style.
"Each unit is high-quality, and we have the design and construction perfected," said Dennis. And, from his family's own experience living in the country and utilizing the campers, "We think people may also find them interesting to put out on their farms and ranches as a guest house," Dennis said. "They're perfect for building a campfire by the wagon and enjoying the sunset."
In addition to the unique experience they provide to an individual or family, he cites a strong return on investment for businesses to purchase and rent out.
"For anyone interested, we'd love to talk to them about it and show them the campers," said Dennis. "We're very proud of them."
Kansas Made
From their experience founding several businesses in Kansas, Dennis and Donna have found the entrepreneurial environment exceptional. "We have utilized several local and state programs to help us start and grow our businesses over the years, including training programs and CDBG," said Dennis. And as their latest company PlainsCraft grows, they are looking to engage more across the state and connect with more suppliers around Kansas. "We need suppliers, and we're looking to buy as much as we can right here," Dennis said. "They are good to work with here, compared to a lot of places."
Dennis and Donna are proud Kansans who love where they live and work. "Kansas is a great place with great people," said Donna. "It's our home, we don't want to go anywhere else."
Meet Deputy Secretary of Commerce Patty Clark
Commerce Grows its Team


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Are American Families Becoming More Financially Resilient?
Changing household balance sheets and the effects of financial shocks
Issue Brief April 5, 2017
Topics: Economic Mobility Projects: Financial Security and Mobility Read time:
Are American Families Becoming More Financially Resilient? (PDF)Survey of American Family Finances: Detailed Methodology (PDF)Toplines for the Survey of American Family Finances (XLSX)
Financial shocks—lost income or expenses that families do not plan for, such as from job loss, illness, injury, death, or a major home or vehicle repair—represent one of the core challenges American families face as they strive to achieve and maintain financial security.1 In 2014, almost 60 percent of U.S. households experienced at least one such shock and over half of them struggled to make ends meet after the most expensive event.
This analysis is a continuation of research by The Pew Charitable Trusts on the links between financial shocks and the state of family balance sheets. Data from two years—2014 and 2015—from Pew's nationally representative Survey of American Family Finances reveal the state of U.S. households' finances and the role that savings can play in managing unexpected economic obstacles. Adding the second year of survey data provided a unique opportunity to examine the same households across an extended period to investigate whether the incidence and severity of shocks changed over time. It also enabled the identification of associations between families' financial situations in 2014 and their likelihood of experiencing and ability to withstand the repercussions of economic shocks in 2015.
The study finds that financial shocks continue to be a frequent and burdensome challenge for households of all types and that although savings are not a panacea, they can reduce the risk of financial instability:
Households that suffered financial shocks in 2015 tended to have difficulty making ends meet, but overall they reported less trouble meeting regular obligations than in 2014. Improvement was especially evident among Hispanic, black, and millennial households.
Experiencing a financial shock in 2014 was associated with an increased likelihood of another one in 2015. Seven in 10 families that had a shock in 2014 also had one in 2015. By comparison, fewer than 4 in 10 of those that did not have such a setback in 2014 had one the next year.
Other household characteristics from 2014 also were associated with financial shocks in 2015, particularly owning a car. In addition, 2014 families' debt levels were closely correlated with the extent of their risk of shock the following year.
Respondents who rated their household financial situations as fair or poor in 2014 were more likely to experience a shock a year later. This suggests that they may have been aware of factors not captured by the survey that made them more susceptible to shocks.
Having savings in 2014 reduced families' risk in 2015 of being financially destabilized—that is, struggling to make ends meet after their most expensive shocks—but even many with ample resources faced financial hardships. Regardless of income, half of the survey respondents who had adequate resources to cover the cost of a typical family's most expensive shock ($2,000) still experienced financial difficulty after a shock. Even among households that had $4,000 available, 43 percent struggled after their most expensive shock.
These findings have implications for public policy: Decision-makers will need to take financial instability and the relationship between shocks and savings into account when designing policies and programs.
The analysis presented here uses new data from Pew's Survey of American Family Finances, first conducted in 2014 with a follow-up conducted with the same respondents a year later. This is the second in a series of papers to draw on both editions of survey data.
Financial shock refers to any expense or loss of income that households do not budget for, regardless of the extent to which the shock may harm families financially. (See "What Is a Financial Shock?" below.)
Destabilization refers to reduced financial well-being as the result of a shock.
Liquid savings includes what participants reported having in savings or checking accounts, cash saved at home, and the value of unused prepaid cards—all assets households can access quickly and at very low cost.
Generations are defined as follows:
Silent generation: Born between 1928 and 1945.
Baby boomers: Born between 1946 and 1964.
Generation Xers: Born between 1965 and 1980.
Millennials: Born between 1981 and 1997.2
What Is a Financial Shock?
Most households have a set of relatively fixed expenses they expect to pay each month. Although regular expenditures can and do fluctuate, people tend to have at least a rough budget for housing, food, transportation, and other needs and wants. Certain other expenses and losses—what Pew defines as financial shocks—are irregular, such as car repairs or reduced income resulting from fluctuating work hours, a pay cut, or other factors. They arise infrequently, and the likelihood of their occurrence at any particular time is low. Although this brief does not capture the causal impact of shocks on household finances broadly, some respondents reported that shocks reduced their financial well-being, while others said their shock did not harm balance sheets much at all, indicating that the experience of financial shocks differs dramatically across households.
To better understand the types of financial shocks that American households encounter most, Pew asked survey respondents whether, in the past 12 months:
"A person in the household brought in less income than expected due to unemployment, a pay cut, or reduced hours."
"Someone in the household suffered an illness or injury requiring a trip to the hospital."
"Someone in the household divorced, separated, or was widowed from a spouse or partner."
"A car, truck, or SUV needed a major repair or replacement."
"The place you live or appliances needed major repair or replacement."
"… Your household had some other large, unexpected expense in the past year." Respondents who selected this option were asked to specify the nature of this expense.
Participants were then asked detailed questions about the most expensive shock they reported.
Overall, households reported less difficulty meeting regular obligations in 2015 than in 2014
Just as in 2014, more than half of households experienced a financial shock in 2015, with the most common being repairing or replacing a vehicle (a third of respondents), followed by a major home repair, an illness or injury requiring a trip to the hospital, and a loss of income (1 in 5 respondents each).
In both years, the typical family spent almost half-a-month's income to cover its most expensive shock, with a median cost of $2,000. In 2015, half of respondents said their most expensive shocks made it hard to cover regular expenses. Only 46 percent of respondents who suffered shocks in 2015 said they felt financially secure, compared with nearly 66 percent of those who did not have such setbacks.
Coping with unexpected expenses is still a struggle for many, but in 2015 fewer families reported difficulty meeting regular obligations after their most expensive shock than in 2014. This change was especially evident among Hispanic (68 percent in 2014 vs. 57 percent in 2015), black (64 vs. 56 percent), and millennial (66 vs. 60 percent) households. These groups did not experience any noteworthy gains in employment rates, hours worked, or income between 2014 and 2015, which would seem to suggest that other factors explain their improved ability to handle financial shocks.3
Despite this progress, however, Hispanics, blacks, and millennials are still more likely to struggle after their most expensive shock than other demographic groups. In addition, respondents with annual incomes of less than $25,000 were the only ones to have an increase in destabilization as a result of their most expensive shocks in 2015 compared with 2014, indicating that minority, young, and low-income households are especially vulnerable to the consequences of unplanned expenses or income losses.
Certain 2014 household financial characteristics increased the likelihood of having a 2015 shock
Pew used demographic and economic household characteristics captured in the 2014 survey to identify factors associated with occurrence of financial shocks in 2015.4 Demographics such as race, education level, household composition, the presence of children, homeownership, or income measured in 2014 did not influence families' chances of experiencing a shock in 2015. However, certain 2014 financial factors—particularly having a car or a shock—were associated with increased risk of an unexpected expense or income loss in 2015. And the amount of debt a family held in 2014 was closely correlated to its level of risk for a 2015 shock.
Further, respondents who rated their financial situations as fair or poor in 2014 were more likely to experience a shock the following year (63 percent) than those who rated their situations as good or excellent (52 percent).5 This indicates that respondents may be aware of some other reasons that the survey did not capture that make them more susceptible to shocks. After controlling for other factors, such as age, race, and income,6 the survey found that 7 in 10 families that suffered a financial shock in 2014 had one in 2015, compared with fewer than 4 in 10 of those that did not experience a 2014 shock but had one in 2015.
One way that families, regardless of income, can be more resilient is having a financial cushion to fall back on in case of a shock. However, the finding that households experience repeated shocks highlights a fundamental challenge that such crises pose for both families and policymakers: Not only do families have to build emergency savings, they also need to know when to spend those savings and how to repeatedly rebuild them. Research has shown that having a habit of saving is the strongest determinant of whether someone is financially healthy, regardless of income.7 In fact, low-income families that have some savings have more financial resiliency than middle-income households with no savings.8
Having savings in 2014 reduced but did not eliminate families' 2015 risk of destabilization
In both years, about 60 percent of households had sufficient liquid savings to cover a $2,000 expense—the cost of the typical household's most expensive shock—and about half of households had at least $4,000.
Not surprisingly, families with higher levels of savings in 2014 were more resilient to financial shocks in 2015 than other households. What is surprising, however, is that about half of respondents who had at least $2,000 in liquid savings in 2014—enough to cover a typical most expensive shock—still reported struggling to make ends meet after their most expensive 2015 shocks.9 This is true across all income levels: The most expensive shock was destabilizing for 76 percent of low-income households, 60 percent of middle-income families, and 23 percent of high-income ones. Notably, households that had income below $25,000 but at least $2,000 in liquid assets in 2014 were as financially resilient as those with middle income that had less than $2,000 in liquid savings.
Even among households with twice that—$4,000—in liquid savings, destabilization was common across income groups. Overall, 44 percent of families reported having difficulty covering regular expenses after their most expensive shocks, with the figure jumping to 54 percent for middle-income households with this level of savings. And 19 percent of families making $85,000 or more a year and having at least $4,000 in savings reported financial instability after the most expensive shock. Although savings can have a protective effect, American families face significant vulnerability to unbudgeted expenses or income losses, regardless of their income and demographic characteristics.
Despite these findings, the savings households accumulate are important to their financial security. In 2014, about 9 percent of families reported having no liquid savings. Among this group, 79 percent of those that experienced a shock in 2015 were destabilized by it. Across the whole sample, 53 percent of families with at least $1,000 in available resources struggled after their most expensive shock, but this figure declined with each additional $1,000 families had available: 50 percent of those with at least $2,000, 47 percent of those with at least $3,000, and 44 percent of those with at least $4,000.
What Resources Do Families Use to Cope With Financial Shocks?
A household's success in weathering a shock is a function both of the resources on hand and the cost of the shock. In 2014, 78 percent of respondents said they would use money from their checking and savings accounts to cover an unexpected expense.* Consistent with those predictions, checking and savings accounts were the most common source of funds that families used to respond to a shock in 2015 (65 percent of respondents) and the only one used by half (48 percent) of respondents. About 35 percent said they used a credit card, and of those, roughly 57 percent reported still owing at least part of that balance at the time of the survey; about 24 percent of users paid off the balance in a month or less.† Smaller groups of respondents borrowed from friends or family, sold goods or investments, received funds as a gift, or used retirement funds or alternative financial services. About a third reported using two or more sources to pay for their most expensive shock.
For 46 percent of households, the most expensive shock in 2015 cost more than they had reported having in liquid savings the year before. Higher savings make households more resilient, but the high cost of the shocks nevertheless leaves many families vulnerable to destabilization.
* The Pew Charitable Trusts, "What Resources Do Families Have for Financial Emergencies?" (November 2015), http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/issue-briefs/2015/11/emergency-savings-what-resources-do-families-have-for-financial-emergencies.
† Among respondents who used a credit card to pay for their most expensive shock and still owed at least part of that balance at the time of the survey, 12 percent experienced their shocks a year before the survey, 11 percent had their shocks six months before, and 14 percent said their shocks had occurred within a month or less.
Although savings matter for American families, more than 2 in 5 households still report financial insecurity after experiencing their most expensive shock, even if they have a savings cushion.
These and previous Pew findings have clear policy implications. Policymakers and providers of financial services and products can help families better weather financial shocks by creating programs that promote near-term financial stability and longer-term savings. Such short-term, security-focused initiatives encourage families to build savings, spend them judiciously, then rebuild the cushion repeatedly. Thoughtfully designed automatic mechanisms, tools, and policies can help families generate savings and manage immediate consumption needs while building and maintaining reserves. Further, support for products that help families better predict and understand the nature of their balance sheets can encourage them to save more when they can afford to do so. Incentives could also be structured to reward savings in any type of account, and programs should be evaluated based on their impact on all household savings and on financial well-being holistically.10
Although financial shocks occurred at slightly lower rates in 2015 than in 2014 and the related economic strain was lessened a bit, data from the 2015 iteration of the Survey of American Family Finances indicate that most American families still experience some type of shock in the course of a year and that these events frequently destabilize household finances at all levels of the income ladder. Further, the findings show that just one shock can disrupt family financial well-being even among households with high incomes and substantial financial resources on which to draw, in part because those resources may be earmarked for other purposes, such as prearranged purchases, savings, or living expenses. Spending those funds instead on an unanticipated obligation leaves many families exposed to financial instability.
Financial institutions and governments can help households better weather these destabilizing events by developing programs and market options that encourage families to achieve financial security and become better prepared for the unexpected.
Appendix: Data and methods
This analysis draws from the Survey of American Family Finances, commissioned by Pew. The first iteration of the survey was administered to a nationally representative panel between Nov. 6 and Dec. 3, 2014. The second iteration was administered to the same panel between Oct. 27 and Dec. 1, 2015. Including only respondents who answered both years and oversamples of black and Hispanic respondents, the total sample size was 5,661. Survey firm GfK collected the data on behalf of Pew and administered the computer-based questionnaire in English and Spanish. All reported data were weighted. For clarity of analysis, respondents who chose not to answer a question were excluded from the statistics generated for that item. As is frequently the case for computer-based surveys, missing data were most common when respondents failed to answer something they felt did not apply to them, such as "other" in a list of questions. Overall, item nonresponse for the 2014 survey was 2.2 percent and 1.5 percent for the one in 2015. Additional details about the survey and its methodology are available at www.pewtrusts.org/Survey-of-American-Family-Finances-Methodology.
The statistics presented in this issue brief include frequencies, cross tabulations, and medians. Logistic regressions were conducted to analyze the association between household characteristics and incidence of shocks and between household characteristics and resistance to shocks. The dependent variables used in the models were measured as of 2015 and included a binary variable for the occurrence of any financial shock in the previous 12 months and one for the ability to make ends meet after the most expensive shock. The independent variables measured in 2014 included age squared, race, education, household composition, presence of children, homeownership, car ownership, occurrence of any shock in the previous 12 months, rating of own financial situation, spending habits (whether respondents spend more, the same as, or less than they make), level of available resources, income (logged), nonhousing liabilities (trimmed at 95th percentile and logged), and day of the month when the survey was taken (in 2014 and in 2015). The models were conducted for the total of the respondents and by three income categories: under $25,000, $25,000 to $84,999, and $85,000 or more.
Click on the graphic to expand.
External reviewers
This brief benefited from the insights and expertise of Rachel Schneider, senior vice president of the Center for Financial Services Innovation, and Drew M. Anderson, postdoctoral researcher at the Center for Financial Security at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, who commented on earlier drafts. Neither they nor their organizations necessarily endorse its conclusions.
The project team, Joanna Biernacka-Lievestro, Clinton Key, and Erin Currier, would like to thank Pew staff members Joy Hackenbracht, David Merchant, and Mark Wolff for providing valuable feedback on this report. We also thank Dan Benderly, Kristin Centrella, Jennifer V. Doctors, Carol Hutchinson, Molly Mathews, Bernard Ohanian, Sandra Nwogu, and Liz Visser for their thoughtful suggestions and production assistance. Many thanks also to other current and former colleagues who made this work possible. This research is funded in part by Pew, with additional support from the W.K. Kellogg Foundation.
The Pew Charitable Trusts, "How Do Families Cope With Financial Shocks?" (October 2015), http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/issue-briefs/2015/10/the-role-of-emergency-savings-in-family-financial-security-how-do-families.
Age cohorts are defined using thresholds from the Pew Research Center. At the time of the 2014 survey, millennials were ages 18 to 33, Gen Xers were 34 to 49, baby boomers were 50 to 68, and members of the silent generation were 69 to 86.
These conclusions are based on the answers of Hispanic, black, and millennial respondents to the 2014 and 2015 iterations of the Survey of American Family Finances.
For additional information about the model used to draw these conclusions, see the methodology.
Respondents to the Survey of American Family Finances were asked: "How would you rate your household's financial situation today?" Answer choices were: "excellent," "good," "only fair," or "poor."
For details, see the methodology.
Aliza Gutman et al., "Understanding and Improving Consumer Financial Health in America," Center for Financial Services Innovation (March 2015), https://www.metlife.com/assets/cao/foundation/understanding-and-improving-consumer-financial-health-in-america.pdf.
Signe-Mary McKernan et al., "Thriving Residents, Thriving Cities," Urban Institute (April 2016), http://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/alfresco/publication-pdfs/2000747-Thriving-Residents-Thriving-Cities-Family-Financial-Security-Matters-for-Cities.pdf.
By comparison, 65 percent of those who had less than $2,000 in savings in 2014 struggled to make ends meet after having a shock in 2015.
For more information on possible solutions, see The Pew Charitable Trusts, "Barriers to Saving and Policy Opportunities" (January 2016), http://www.pewtrusts.org/~/media/assets/2016/01/emergency-savings-report-3_011116_update.pdf.
Downloads Are American Families Becoming More Financially Resilient? (PDF)Survey of American Family Finances: Detailed Methodology (PDF)Toplines for the Survey of American Family Finances (XLSX)
Report January 29, 2015
The Precarious State of Family Balance Sheets
This report seeks to develop a clear picture of the current state of household financial security.
Article January 7, 2016
The Role of Emergency Savings in Family Financial Security
In a series of three issue briefs to be released over the coming weeks, Pew shows the extent to which households are financially vulnerable when faced with a financial shock. The briefs provide insight into the financial risks that Americans face and the impact of shocks on family balance sheets; households' level of preparation to address emergency needs; and the implications of families' savings behavior for policymakers as they work to create solutions that support Americans' financial security.
Issue Brief March 9, 2017
Income Volatility and Financial Security
An examination of gains, losses, and household economic experiences
The balance sheets of American households are showing modest improvement, as are people's attitudes about their financial health. The Census Bureau found that the median household income increased by 5.2 percent from 2014 to 2015, with gains across all income levels. Further, more Americans report feeling financially secure, and fewer say they are unprepared for the unexpected.
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