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Law on local self-government 2008
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Law Nr. 03/L-040
ON LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT
The Assembly of Republic of Kosova,
Pursuant to Article 65(1) of the Constitution of the Republic of Kosova, recognizing the need to bring the decision-making closer to the citizens to promote sustainable governance and living conditions for all citizens of Republic of Kosova, paying due regard particularly the specific needs and concerns of the non-majority communities in Republic of Kosova,
Having in mind the principles of local self-government enshrined in the European Charter of Local Self Government and its Protocols,
Taking into account the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities and the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages and the European Outline Convention on the on Transfrontier Co-operation between Territorial Communities or Authorities and its Protocols,
Aiming at establishing a sustainable system of local self-government and improving the efficiency of the public service throughout Republic of Kosova,
Hereby adopts
LAW ON LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT
This law establishes the legal basis for a sustainable local self-government system in Kosova.
2.1. This law defines the legal status of municipalities, their competencies and general principles of municipal finances, organization and functioning of the municipal bodies, the intra-municipal arrangements and the inter-municipal cooperation including the cross border cooperation and the relationship between municipalities and central government.
2.2. The City of Pristina, as the capital city of Republic of Kosova, shall be regulated by a separate Law on the City of Prishtinë/Priština. The Law on Local Self-Government shall apply to the City of Prishtinë/Priština except as may be provided for otherwise in the Law on the City of Prishtinë/Pristina.
2.3 Separate legislation may be adopted to grant a special status and competencies to other cities.
Whenever used in the present law, the following terms shall have the meaning indicated below, unless the context within which such term appears clearly intends another meaning:
-"Charter,"- shall mean the European Charter of Local Self-Government, as adopted by the Council of Europe on the 15th of October 1985.
-"Community,"- shall mean a group of communities belonging to the same ethnic, religious, or linguistic group.
- "Government,"- means the Government of Republic of Kosova;
-"Citizen"- shall have the meaning ascribed to it in [Article 10 of the present Law on Statehood].
-"Local Self-government"- shall mean the right and ability of local authorities as established by this law and within the limits thereof, to regulate and manage a substantial share of public affairs under their own responsibility and in the interest of the local population;
-"Municipality,"- shall mean the basic unit of local self-government in Republic of Kosova, made up of citizens of communities of a specified territory defined by law as stipulated to in the Law on the Number, Names and Municipal Boundaries No. __________/2007;
-"Municipal Assembly"- is the highest representative body of the municipality consisting of all its elected members;
-"Mayor"- is the highest executive body of the municipality elected through direct elections;
-"Principle of Subsidiary"- means that the public affairs shall be dealt with as closely as possible to the citizens of the municipality by the lowest level of government that is able to provide public services efficiently;
-"Own competencies"- shall mean competencies vested upon the municipalities by the Constitution or laws for which they are fully responsible in insofar as they concern the local interest and in accordance with the law;
-"Delegated Competencies"- shall mean competencies of the central government and other central institutions the execution of which is temporarily assigned by law to municipalities;
-"Enhanced competencies"- shall mean competencies vested upon a municipality or a number of municipalities by law;
-"Administrative Review"- is the right and ability of central government institutions to review the legality of the activity of the local authorities in the area of own and enhanced competencies and the legality and expediency of their activity in the area of delegated competencies.
-"Supervisory authority"- shall mean the ministry responsible for the local government and/or other institutions of the Government of Republic of Kosova in their respective areas of responsibility;
-"Review of legality"- shall mean the review conducted by the supervisory authority to ensure that municipal acts have been issued in conformity with applicable legal provisions and that the issuing body has not acted in excess of its legally recognized mandate;
-"Review of expediency"- shall mean the review conducted by the supervisory authority to ensure that delegated competencies have been executed in compliance with the rules, criteria and standards determined by the central government and if the measures taken by municipality were appropriate to achieve the results determined by the Government of Republic of Kosova.
-"Majority vote"- shall mean a vote that requires the assent of more than one half of the members present and voting at the meeting at which the proposal is considered. This is the default mechanism by which decisions of Municipal Assembly shall be brought.
-"Two thirds (2/3) majority"- shall mean a vote that requires the assent of 2/3 of all the members of the Municipal Assembly;
-"Ministry"- shall mean the ministry responsible for local government unless the context clearly refers otherwise;
-"Statute of the Municipality,"- shall mean the highest act adopted by the Municipal Assembly in accordance with the Constitutions and the laws regulating the internal organization of the municipality;
-"Rule of Procedure"- shall mean an act adopted by the Municipal Assembly providing the rules of order and conduct:
-"Municipal regulation"- shall mean an act adopted by the required number of the Municipal Assembly regulating a certain area of the municipal competencies;
-"UNMIK,"- shall refer to the United Nations Mission in Kosova.
4.1. The Municipality is the basic unit of local self-government in Republic of Kosova, made up of community of citizens of a specific territory defined by law and shall exercise all powers which are not explicitly reserved for the central institutions.
4.2. All municipal organs shall ensure that the citizens of the municipality enjoy all rights and freedoms without distinction of any kind, such as race, ethnicity, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth, or other status, and that they have fair and equal opportunities in municipality service at all levels.
4.3. Municipalities shall implement their policies and practices to promote coexistence and peace between their citizens and to create appropriate conditions enabling all communities to express, preserve, and develop their national, ethnic, cultural, religious, and linguistic identities.
4.4. All municipal authorities shall be answerable to the citizens of the Municipality in the forms set by law.
4.5. Citizens of the municipality shall have the right to participate in the activities of the municipality, as prescribed by law.
4.6. Municipalities shall be entitled to enter into agreements with villages, quarter or settlements within their territory to offer services closer to citizens in accordance with Article 35 and their statutes.
Legal Status of the Municipality
Municipality shall be legal person. As a legal person, each municipality shall have the legal capacity to, inter alia:
a) sue and be sued in the courts;
b) own and manage property;
c) be owner or co-owner of any company that is of interest to municipality in relation to citizens; d) enter into contracts;
e) engage staff; and
f) engage in other activities that are necessary for discharging its responsibilities.
Names and Boundaries
Municipalities shall have their names and boundaries as described in the Law on Administrative Boundaries of Municipalities and may only be changed in accordance with that law.
7.1. Municipalities shall have their own symbols including the coats of arms, seals, emblems, and municipal flags.
7.2 Municipalities shall use a seal that includes the sign and name of the Municipality.
7.3. The symbols of a Municipality shall be approved and changed by the municipal assembly pursuant to the constitutional and legal provisions of Republic of Kosova and shall not resemble to symbols of other states or municipalities within or outside Republic of Kosova.
7.4. The symbols of a municipality may be approved or changed by two thirds (2/3) majority vote of the Municipal Assembly after extensive public consultation has taken place.
Citizens of Republic of Kosova
A citizen of the Municipality is any person who is a habitual citizen of Republic of Kosova, living in the respective Municipality.
9.1. The use of languages in the Municipality shall be regulated in accordance with the applicable law on the use of languages.
9.2. The Municipal Assembly shall adopt detailed municipal regulations on the use of languages within its territory as set out in the applicable law on the use of languages.
The organs of a municipality are the Municipal Assembly and the Mayor:
Acts of the Municipal Organs
Municipal Assembly and Mayor shall have the right to enact acts and take any implementation measure within their areas of competence. All municipal acts shall comply with the constitutional and legal system of Republic of Kosova.
Acts of the Municipal Assembly
12.1. The Municipal Assembly may adopt acts within their areas of its competences.
12.2. Acts of the Municipal Assembly shall be effective in the territory of the Municipality enacting the act. These acts shall include:
a) Statute of the Municipality;
b) Rules of Procedure;
c) Municipal regulations; and
d) any other acts necessary or proper for efficient operation of the Municipality.
12.3. The Statute of the Municipality shall be adopted and may be amended by at least a two- thirds vote of the Municipal Assembly.
12.4. The Rules of Procedure shall be adopted and may be amended, when necessary, by a majority vote of the Municipal Assembly.
Acts of the Municipal Mayor
The Municipal Mayor shall have the right to issue instructions and decisions within his areas of competence.
Property of the Municipality
14.1. Municipalities shall have the right to own and manage immovable and movable properties.
14.2. Municipalities shall have the right to sell and lease the immovable and movable property according to law, with the exception of the sale of the land that will be regulated by a special law.
14.3 Municipalities shall keep and maintain the Register of all movable and immovable property owned or occupied by the municipality.
MUNICIPAL COMPETENCES
Principle of Subsidiary
The municipalities shall exercise its competences in accordance with the principle of subsidiary.
Municipal Competencies
Municipalities shall exercise own, delegated and enhanced competencies in accordance with the law.
Own Competencies
17.1 Municipalities shall have full and exclusive powers, insofar as they concern the local interest, while respecting the standards set forth in the applicable legislation in the following areas:
a) local economic development;
b) urban and rural planning;
c) land use and development;
d) implementation of building regulations and building control standards;
e) local environmental protection;
f) provision and maintenance of public services and utilities, including water supply, sewers and drains, sewage treatment, waste management, local roads, local transport, and local heating schemes;
g) local emergency response;
h) provision of public pre-primary, primary and secondary education, including registration and licensing of educational institutions, recruitment, payment of salaries and training of education instructors and administrators;
i) promotion and protection of human rights;
j) provision of public primary health care;
k) provision of family and other social welfare services, such as care for the vulnerable, foster care, child care, elderly care, including registration and licensing of these care centres, recruitment, payment of salaries and training of social welfare professionals;
l) public housing;
m) public health;
n) licensing of local services and facilities, including those related to entertainment, cultural and leisure activities, food, lodging, markets, street vendors, local public transportation and taxis;
o) naming of roads, streets and other public places;
p) provision and maintenance of public parks and spaces;
q) tourism;
r) cultural and leisure activities;
s) any matter which is not explicitly excluded from their competence nor assigned to any other authority.
Delegated Competencies
18.1 Central authorities in Republic of Kosova shall delegate responsibility over the following competencies to municipalities, in accordance with the law:
a) cadastral records;
b) civil registries;
c) voter registration;
d) business registration and licensing;
e) distribution of social assistance payments (excluding pensions); and
f) forestry protection on the municipal territory within the authority delegated by the central authority, including the granting of licenses for the felling of trees on the basis of rules adopted by the Government;
18.2. Central authorities in Republic of Kosova may delegate other competencies to municipalities, as appropriate, in accordance with the law.
18.3. Delegated competencies must in all cases be accompanied by the necessary funding in compliance with objectives, standards and requests determined by the Government of Kosova.
Enhanced Municipal Competencies
19.1. Certain municipalities explained below shall have their own competencies enhanced in the areas of health, education and cultural affairs and shall have participatory right in selecting local station police commanders as set forth in the subsequent articles.
19.2. Central authorities of Republic of Kosova shall monitor the exercise of enhanced competencies, in accordance with the central legislation providing for equal access to public services; minimum quality and quantity standards in the provision of public services; minimum qualifications of personnel and training facilities; general principles on licensing and accreditation of public service providers.
19.3. Municipalities exercising enhanced municipal competencies may cooperate with any other municipality in providing services.
Enhanced Competencies in Secondary Health Care
The municipalities of Mitrovicë/Mitrovica North, Graçanicë/Gracanica, Shtërpcë / Štrpce shall have the competence for provision of secondary health care, including registration and licensing of health care institutions, recruitment, payment of salaries and training of health care personnel and administrators;
Enhanced Competencies in the University Education
21.1. The municipality of Mitrovicë/ Mitrovica North shall have competence for the provision of higher education, including registration and licensing of educational institutions, recruitment, payment of salaries and training of education instructors and administrators.
Enhanced Competencies in the Area of Culture
22.1 All municipalities in which the Kosova Serb Community is in the majority shall have authority to exercise responsibility for cultural affairs, including, protection and promotion of Serbian and other religious and cultural heritage within the municipal territory as well as support for local religious communities in accordance with the applicable law.
22.2. Municipalities may cooperate with any other municipality in cultural affairs.
Enhanced Participatory Rights in Selection of the Local Police Station Commanders
Municipalities in which Kosova Serb community is in a majority shall exercise enhanced participatory rights in the selection of the local station police commanders in accordance with law on police.
MUNICIPAL FINANCES
Basic Principles of Municipal Finances
24.1. Municipalities shall have their own budgets and finances to finance their competencies.
24.2. The municipal budget shall consist of own source revenues; grants from the Government of Republic of Kosova; donations and other revenues.
24.3. Municipal budget and finance shall be regulated by a law on local finance.
24.4. Basic public financial management and accountability requirements set out in the central legislation shall apply to all municipalities.
Public Utilities Provided by Municipal Enterprises
25.1. Where local public utilities are provided by municipal enterprises the enterprises shall submit their budgets to the Municipal Assembly for approval. The budget proposals shall include a proposed tariff structure for the provision of services and shall be submitted before 15 November in the year before the next fiscal year.
25.2. Where an enterprise provides local public utilities for more than one municipality, arrangements shall be made by the municipalities to establish a join management Board and the manner of the oversight of the Board.
26.1. Municipalities shall have the legal obligation to perform an internal audit at least once a year.
26.2. Municipalities shall have the right to establish an autonomous in-house audit service or ensure internal auditing by an audit firm accredited in accordance with the applicable legislation of Republic of Kosova.
27.1. A central autonomous authority shall perform external audits of each municipality on annual basis in accordance with the applicable law on the Auditor General of Republic of Kosova.
27.2. Each auditor's report and the replies of municipal authorities shall be made public.
INTER-MUNICIPAL COOPERATION AND INTRA-MUNICIPAL ARRANGMENTS
Cooperation between Municipalities of Republic of Kosova
Municipalities shall have the right to cooperate and form partnerships with other Republic of Kosova municipalities within their areas of competence to carry out functions of mutual interest, based upon the principles of European Chart for Local Self-Government and in accordance with the law.
29.1. Municipal responsibilities in the areas of their own and enhanced competencies with the exception of those listed under paragraph 2 Article 40 of this law may be exercised through municipal partnerships.
29.2. The activities of the partnerships shall also be funded through the municipal budgets of the participating municipalities.
29.3. Such partnerships may take all actions necessary to implement and exercise their functional cooperation through inter alia, the establishment of a decision making body comprised of representatives appointed by the assemblies of the participating municipalities, the hiring and dismissal of administrative and advisory personnel, and decisions on funding and other operational needs of the partnership.
29.4. Municipal decisions on the activities of the partnerships shall be subject to the mandatory review of legality in accordance with the provisions of Article 79 of this law.
Cross-Border Cooperation of Municipalities
30.1. Municipalities shall have the right to enter into cooperative agreements with foreign local self-government bodies in all areas of own municipal competencies and enhanced competencies with the exception those listed in paragraph 2 Article 40 of this law.
30.2. Municipalities shall be entitled to cooperate, within the areas of their own competencies, with municipalities and institutions, including government agencies, in the Republic of Serbia. Such cooperation may take the form of the provision by Serbian institutions of financial and technical assistance, including expert personnel and equipment, in the implementation of municipal competencies.
30.3. Municipalities shall notify the ministry responsible for the local government in advance of any intention to engage in cross-border cooperation. The notification shall include the draft cooperation agreement between the municipalities and proposed counterparts.
30.4. The draft cooperation agreement shall set out the following elements:
a) names of parties intending to enter into agreement;
b) intended effective date of the agreement;
c) envisaged areas and objectives of cooperation; and
d) modalities for the provision of staff and equipment, the level of funding and the funding processing mechanism and procedural arrangement, in accordance with public financial management requirements applicable to all municipalities.
30.5. Following the review of the draft agreement, the ministry responsible for local government may enjoin amendments to the draft cooperation agreement, or, if it considers that a breach of the law cannot be remedied otherwise, the ministry may suspend the intended cooperation.
30.6. The municipality may challenge such action of the ministry in the District Court competent for the territory of the municipality.
30.7. Partnerships between Republic of Kosova municipalities shall be entitled to direct relations with institutions in the Republic of Serbia only to the extent necessary to implement practical activities of the partnership.
Right of Municipalities to Associate
For the protection and promotion of their common interests, municipalities may form and belong to associations that operate in conformity with the law.
Associations of Municipalities of Republic of Kosova
32.1. Individual municipalities may join representative associations of local self-government bodies of Republic of Kosova.
32.2. The incorporating acts and financial documents of such associations shall be made public. Participating municipalities shall make public the information about the activity of such associations and their budgetary contributions to the associations.
32.3. Such associations may offer to its members a number of services, including training, capacity building, technical assistance as well as research on municipal competencies and policy recommendation in accordance with law.
International Associations of Local Government
Associations of Republic of Kosova municipalities may cooperate with international associations of local authorities.
Villages, Settlements and Urban Quarters
34.1. Each municipality may make arrangements with villages, settlements and urban quarters within its territory to ensure that the services are offered closer to all citizens of the municipality.
34.2. With the approval of the municipality, villages, settlements and urban quarters, singly or in combination, may carry out activities that are within the responsibilities and powers of the municipality. In this event, municipalities shall provide sufficient resources to the villages, settlements and urban quarters.
34.3. The ministry responsible for the local government shall issue instructions on the arrangements between the municipality and villages, settlements and urban quarters.
34.4. The Statute and local municipal regulations shall stipulate the form of co-operation between the municipality and villages, settlements and urban quarters and the scope of work and organization of villages, settlements and urban quarters. All villages, settlements and urban quarters shall comply with the applicable law when carrying out activities by arrangement with the municipality.
MUNICIPAL ASSEMBLY
35.1. Municipal Assembly is the highest representative body of the municipality and shall be directly elected by the citizens in accordance with the Law on Local Elections.
35.2. All citizens of the Municipality may stand for in the Municipal Assembly provided they meet the requirements as set forth in the Law on Local Elections.
35.3. The mandate of the each members of the Municipal Assembly shall be verified by a commission on verification of mandates established by the Municipal Assembly before the signing of the mandate by each member.
35.4. All members of the Municipal Assembly shall subscribe to the following solemn oath or declaration of office:
"I swear (or solemnly declare) that I will perform my duties and exercise my powers as a member of the Municipal Assembly of _________ municipality honorably, faithfully, impartially, conscientiously and according to law, so as to ensure conditions for a peaceful life for all citizens".
35.5. Members of the Municipal Assembly who fail to subscribe to the oath or the signing of the mandate in accordance with paragraphs 3 and 4 of this Article within one month of the certification of the election results shall cease to be a member.
Number and Election of Assembly Members
36.1. The number of members in the Municipal Assembly of a Municipality shall be proportional, dependant upon the number of citizens in the Municipality.
a) if a Municipality has up to 000 citizens, the Assembly for that Municipality shall consist of 15 members;
b) if a Municipality has from 001 to 20.000 citizens, the Assembly for that Municipality shall consist of 19 members;
c) if a Municipality has from 001 to 30.000 citizens, the Assembly for that Municipality shall consist of 21 members;
d) if a Municipality has from 001 to 50.000 citizens, the Assembly for that Municipality shall consist of 27 members;
e) if a Municipality has from 001 to 70.000 citizens, the Assembly for that Municipality shall consist of 31 members;
f) if a Municipality has from 001 to 100.000 citizens, the Assembly for that Municipality shall consist of 35 members;
g) if a Municipality has more than 000 citizens, the Assembly for that Municipality shall consist of 41 members.
36.2. The municipal assembly of the Prishtinë/Pristina shall consist of 51 members.
37.1. The term of office of members of the Municipal Assembly shall be four years. 37.2. A member of the Municipal Assembly shall cease to be a member:
a) at the expiration of the member's term of office;
b) at the change of the municipality of the residence where he is elected;
c) upon the submission of a written resignation of his post to the Mayor of the Municipality;
d) if a member is convicted of a criminal offence by a final court decision;
e) if he/she misses Municipal Assembly meetings for three (3) consecutive months without valid excuse; or,
f) if this law, or other laws applicable to the member, disqualifies or deems ineligible the member.
37.3. A member of a municipal assembly may not simultaneously hold a position of a member of the Assembly of Republic of Kosova.
38.1. A member of the Municipal Assembly or of a committee shall be excluded from the decision-making and administrative procedures relating to any matter in which he or she, or an immediate family member of his or hers, has a personal or financial interest.
38.2. Each member is required to disclose all conflicts of interest immediately as they arise at any meeting at which the member is present. Any member may supply information about the interests of another member.
38.3. Before the first meeting of the Municipal Assembly, members of the Assembly shall record a full and open statement of their financial interests in a public register to be kept by an authorized officer of the municipality. Members shall record any change in their financial interests as they occur.
38.4. The Statute and Rules of Procedure shall set out the measures to be taken to exclude members from the decision-making and administrative procedures where they have a conflict of interest.
Rights and Duties of Municipal Assembly Members
39.1. All members of the Municipal Assembly shall have fair and equal rights and opportunities to participate fully in the proceedings of the Assembly. The Municipal Assembly shall ensure that these rights and opportunities are provided in its Statute and Rules of Procedure.
39.2. A member of the Municipal Assembly may request information concerning municipal matters from the Mayor, or the chairperson of a committee. The request shall be dealt with in accordance with procedures to be set out in the Statute and Rules of Procedure.
39.3. A member of the Municipal Assembly may submit remarks in writing, which shall be attached to the minutes.
39.4. A member of the Municipal Assembly may address, but not vote at meetings of any committee of the Municipal Assembly of which he or she is not a member. He or she may propose to the chairperson of the committee that any matter which is the responsibility of the committee should be discussed.
39.5. A member of the Municipal Assembly may request from the Mayor information necessary for his work as a member. If he or she is dissatisfied with the response he or she may raise the issue with the Municipal Assembly.
39.6. A member of the Municipal Assembly shall be allowed to be absent from their workplace for such periods as are reasonably necessary for Assembly business.
39.7. The Municipal Assembly shall, in accordance with the Statute of the Municipality and guidelines issued by the central government, compensate members of the Municipal Assembly. 39.8. It is the duty of the members of the Municipal Assembly to attend all validly called meetings of the Municipal Assembly and any committees in which they are members, unless justifiable reasons for their absence exist.
Operation of Municipal Assembly
40.1. The municipal assembly operates on the basis of this law, the Statute and other sub-legal acts.
40.2. The Municipal Assembly may not delegate its responsibility for decisions concerning:
a) statute or the Rules of Procedure, municipal regulations and the adoption, amendment or repeal thereof;
b) the approval of the budget and investment plans;
c) the approval of other financial matters that are reserved to the Assembly by the Statute or the Rules of Procedure;
d) the annual work plan and annual report;
e) the establishment of the committees required by the present Law;
f) the election of the Chairperson and Deputy Chairperson of the Municipal Assembly;
g) the level of fees and charges;
h) the creation and use, in accordance with applicable legislation, of municipal symbols, decorations and honorary titles;
i) the naming and renaming of roads, streets and other public places;
j) he making of inter-municipal and intra-municipal agreements;
k) the making of decisions to join representative associations of municipalities of Republic of Kosova; and
l) other responsibilities that are required by law.
40.3. The Municipal Assembly may delegate the power to make other decisions to a committee of the Municipal Assembly or to the Mayor of the municipality. The Municipal Assembly may withdraw the delegation at any time.
The Chairperson of the Municipal Assembly
41.1. The Municipal Assembly shall elect the Chairperson of the Municipal Assembly from among the members.
41.2. The Chairperson of the Municipal Assembly shall be elected for the same term of office as the Assembly members.
41.3. Voting for the Chairperson of the Municipal Assembly shall be by secret ballot.
41.4. To be elected on the first ballot, a candidate must receive the vote of the more than half of the total number of elected members.
41.5. If no candidate has received the required majority on the first ballot, then two candidates with the majority of votes will go to a second ballot. Candidate who receives more than half of the votes of the total number of elected members shall be elected the Chairperson of the Municipal Assembly.
Inaugural Session
42.1. The Municipal Assembly shall hold its inaugural meeting within fifteen (15) days from the day of the election results certification.
42.2. The inaugural meeting of the Municipal Assembly shall be called by the Mayor (where elected) within fifteen (15) days from day that the election results are certified.
42.3. If the Mayor fails to call a meeting as per his/her duty in paragraph 2 of this Article, the inaugural meeting of the Municipal Assembly may be called by the oldest elected member of the Municipal Assembly within fifteen (15) days of the Mayor's failure to call the inaugural meeting of the Municipal Assembly.
42.4. If the oldest member of the Assembly fails to call a meeting as per his duty in paragraph 3 of this Article, the inaugural meeting of the Municipal Assembly may be constituted upon the initiative of the majority of the elected members of the Municipal Assembly.
42.5. Meetings of the Municipal Assembly held before the election of the Chairperson of the Municipal Assembly shall be chaired by the oldest elected member of the Municipal Assembly present in the meeting.
Meetings of Municipal Assembly
43.1. The Chairperson of the Municipal Assembly shall call and chair the meetings of the Municipal Assembly.
43.2. The Municipal Assembly shall hold at least ten sessions per year five of which should take place during the first six months of year, as specified by the Rules of Procedure.
43.3. All the members of the Municipal Assembly shall be given written notice, as required, at least seven (7) working days prior to the meeting. Such notice shall include:
a) the date of the meeting;
b) the time of the meeting;
c) the place of the meeting;
d) the agenda for the meeting; and
e) materials of the meeting.
f) other data as may be determined by the statute or rule of procedure.
43.4. The notice and the meeting materials shall respect the Law on Languages. The same notice shall be announced to the public.
43.5. The notice from paragraphs 3 and 4 of this Article shall also be sent to ministry responsible for the local government.
Extraordinary Meetings of Municipal Assembly
44.1. An extraordinary meeting of the Municipal Assembly shall be called by the Chairperson or upon a written request of at least one third of the total number of members of the Municipal Assembly or of the Mayor.
44.2. The right to call an extraordinary meeting shall also include the right set the agenda for the meeting called.
44.3. The items of the agenda for the extraordinarily called meetings may not be changed at such a meeting.
44.4. An extraordinary meeting of the Municipal Assembly shall not be held unless all members of the Municipal Assembly and the public are given written notice, as required in the rules of procedure, at least three (3) working days prior to the date of the meeting.
44.5. The same procedural requirements for the notice and other issues applicable to the regular meetings shall also apply to extraordinary meetings.
44.6. The procedures set out above shall not apply to meetings called because of urgent circumstances.
45.1. Meetings of the Municipal Assembly and all its committees are open to the public. Members of the public are permitted to follow and participate in meetings of the Municipal Assembly in the manner specified in the Rules of Procedure.
45.2. A notice of the meeting of the Municipal Assembly shall be made public.
45.3. The Municipal Assembly or the committee may by a majority vote decide to exclude the public from the whole or a part of a meeting when an open meeting:
a) might lead to public disorder or violence;
b) would threaten to disclose information [and documents] to the disclosure of which is restricted in accordance with the Law on Access to Official Documents,
c) would threaten to disclose personally or commercially sensitive information; or
d) would threaten to disclose information about actual or imminent court proceedings.
45.4. In such event, a notice shall be given by the Municipal Assembly as to the decisions taken.
45.5. Municipal Assembly may regulate by the Statute establish the rules the procedures for the holding of closed sessions.
46.1. The quorum for all meetings of the Municipal Assembly and its committees shall be at least one-half of all the members of Municipal Assembly or of its committees.
46.2. The quorum shall be verified before any decision is taken.
47.1. The agenda for a meeting of the Municipal Assembly shall be set by the Chairperson of the Municipal Assembly upon the agreement of the Mayor of Municipality.
47.2. A member of the Municipal Assembly may request to add an item to the agenda during a regular session of the Municipal Assembly if the matter sought to be included in the agenda is an urgent matter of public importance.
47.3. Such a request shall be approved or rejected by a majority vote.
47.4. The Rules of Procedure of the Municipal Assembly shall set out further provisions for the preparation, approval, and amendments to the agenda.
48.1. At all meetings of the Municipal Assembly and its committees, each member including the chairperson shall have one vote, but the chairperson shall have an additional casting vote if an equal number of votes are cast for and against a proposal.
48.2. Unless otherwise explicitly provided for in this law, decisions of the Municipal Assembly or of a committee shall be adopted by the majority of the members present and voting.
48.3. Abstentions shall be noted for the purpose of establishing the quorum, but shall not otherwise be taken into account for the voting results.
Minutes shall be taken of all meetings of the Municipal Assembly and its committees and shall be approved at the next meeting in accordance with the Law on the Use of Languages.
Dissolving a Non-Functioning Municipal Assembly
50.1. If a municipal assembly fails to perform a mandatory function up to the standards set by law or becomes non-functioning, thus jeopardising the exercise of basic rights of the citizens, the ministry responsible for the local government shall notify the failure to perform to the municipality and request that appropriate measures be taken in order to ensure the smooth performance of the challenged function.
50.2. A municipality is considered as non-functioning if it:
a) fails to elect a Chairperson thirty (30) days after it is duly constituted;
b) fails to adopt its statute within sixty (60) days from the day it is duly constituted;
c) fails to adopt the budget within the time limit determined by the law; or
d) fails to hold a meeting for a period of more than six (6) months
50.3. The ministry responsible for the local government shall notify the Government of Republic of Kosova on the non-functioning of municipality. The Government of Republic of Kosova may dissolve a non-functioning Municipal Assembly.
50.4. New elections will be held for the Municipal Assembly in accordance with the law on local election.
Permanent Committees
51.1. The Municipal Assemblies shall establish and maintain the Committee on Policy and Finance and the Committee on Communities as permanent committees. .
51.2. The Municipal Assembly shall establish such committees as it deems necessary and appropriate to carry out its responsibilities.
51.3. Unless specified otherwise in this law, committees shall reflect the composition of the Municipal Assembly.
52.1. The Policy and Finance Committee shall be chaired by the Chairperson of the Municipal Assembly and its composition shall reflect the representation of the political entities in the Municipal Assembly.
52.2. The Policy and Finance Committee shall be responsible to review all the policy, fiscal and financial documents, plans, and initiatives including strategic planning documents, the annual Medium Term Budget Framework, the annual procurement plan, the annual regulation on taxes, fees and charges, the annual internal audit work plan, the annual medium term budget and any changes to the budget during a fiscal year as well as reports from the Mayor and submit recommendations for action to the Municipal Assembly.
Communities Committee
53.1. The membership of the Communities Committee shall include the members of the Municipal Assembly and community representatives. Any community living in the municipality shall be represented by at least one representative in the Communities Committee. The representatives of communities shall comprise the majority of the Communities Committee.
53.2.The Communities Committee shall be responsible to review compliance of the municipal authorities with the applicable law and review all municipal policies, practices and activities related with the aim to ensure that rights and interests of the Communities are fully respected and shall recommend to the Municipal Assembly measures it considers appropriate to ensure the implementation of provisions related to the need of communities to promote, express, preserve and develop their ethnic, cultural, religious and linguistic identities, as well as to ensure adequate protection of the rights of communities within the municipality.
Deputy Chairperson for Communities
54.1. In municipalities where at least ten per cent (10%) of the citizens belong to Communities not in the majority in those municipalities, a post of the Chairperson of the Municipal Assembly for Communities shall be reserved for a representative of these communities.
54.2. The post of the Deputy Chairperson of the Municipal Assembly for Communities shall be held by the non-majority community's candidate who received the most votes on the open list of candidates for election to the Municipal Assembly.
Duties of the Deputy Chairperson of a Municipality for Communities
55.1. The Deputy Chairperson of a Municipality for Communities shall promote inter- community dialogue and serve as formal focal point for addressing non-majority communities' concerns and interests in meetings of the Assembly and its work.
55.2. The Deputy Chairperson of a Municipality for Communities shall be responsible for reviewing claims by communities or their members that the acts or decisions of the municipal assembly violate their constitutionally guaranteed rights.
55.3. The Deputy Chairperson of a Municipality for Communities shall refer such matters to the Municipal Assembly for its reconsideration of the act or decision.
55.4. In the event the Municipal Assembly chooses not to reconsider its act or decision, or the Deputy Chairperson of a Municipality for Communities deems that even upon reconsideration the act or decision presents a violation of a constitutionally guaranteed right, the Deputy Chairperson of a Municipality for Communities may submit the matter directly to the Constitutional Court, which may decide whether to accept the matter for review.
MUNICIPAL LEADERSHIP/EXECUTIVE
Election of the Mayor of the Municipality
56.1. The Mayor of the Municipality shall be elected by a direct election in accordance with the law on local elections.
56.2. The Mayor of the Municipality shall be elected for a term of four years.
56.3. The term of office of the Mayor of the Municipality shall end upon:
a) the completion of his mandate;
b) his death;
c) his resignation;
d) his change of residence to another municipality;
e) his failure to report on duty for more than 1 months without a valid reason
f) his removal from office in accordance with this law;
g) a final court decision depriving the Mayor of legal capacity to act; or
h) his conviction of a criminal offence with an order for imprisonment for six (6) months or more.
Oath of Office
57.1. Upon election, the Municipal Mayor shall subscribe to a solemn oath or declaration of office before the members of the Municipal Assembly. The form of the oath of office shall be as follows:
"I swear (or solemnly declare) that I will perform my duties and exercise my powers as Mayor of ... municipality honorably, faithfully, impartially, conscientiously and according to law, so as to ensure conditions for a peaceful and prosperous life for all."
57.2. The Mayor who fails to subscribe to the oath within one (1) month of the certification of the election results shall forfeit his term.
Responsibilities of the Mayor
The Mayor shall execute the following responsibilities:
a) represents and acts on behalf of the Municipality;
b) leads the municipal government and its administration and conducts the financial administration of the municipality;
c) exercises all competencies not explicitly assigned to the Municipal Assembly or its committees.
d) executes the Municipal Assembly acts;
e) appoints and dismisses his deputies;
f) appoints and dismiss his advisors who assist him in discharging his duties;
g) organizes the work and directs the policy of the municipality;
h) proposes municipal regulations and other acts for the approval of Municipal Assembly;
i) proposes municipal development, regulatory and investments plans; proposes the annual budget for the approval of the Municipal Assembly and executes the budget adopted;
j) reports before the Municipal Assembly on the economic-financial situation and the implementation of the investment plans of the Municipality at least once every six months or as often as required by the Municipal Assembly; and
k) may request the Municipal Assembly only once to review a municipal act when he deems the act to violate the applicable legislation and/or the interests of communities.
l) shall consult the Deputy Mayor for Communities about the matters related to non-majority communities; and
m) other activities assigned to him/her by the statute.
59.1. As soon as possible following his/her election, the Mayor shall terminate any contract or association that may call into question her/his ability to carry out his/her responsibilities fairly and impartially.
59.2. The Mayor shall be excluded from decision-making and administrative procedures relating to any matter in which he/she, or an immediate family member of his or hers, has a personal or financial interest.
59.3. The Mayor shall be required to disclose all conflicts of interest immediately as they arise.
59.4. The Mayor may voluntarily exclude himself/herself from decision-making and administrative procedures if he/she considers that they may have a conflict of interest. The Municipal Mayor shall record any change in their financial interests as soon as it occurs.
59.5. The Statute shall set out the measures to be taken to exclude the Municipal Mayor from the decision-making and administrative procedures where they have a conflict of interest.
Deputy Mayor of a Municipality
60.1. In each municipality, the Mayor shall have one Deputy Mayor.
60.2. The Deputy Mayor of Municipality shall be appointed by the Mayor for the same term of office as the Mayor and may be dismissed from office by the Mayor.
60.3. Upon Mayor's request, the Deputy Mayor shall assist the Mayor in discharging his daily executive functions and shall act on behalf of the Mayor in her/his absence.
60.4. When the post of the Deputy Mayor becomes vacant, the Mayor shall appoint a new one no later than thirty days after the vacancy arises.
60.5. The Article 60 on the conflict on interest of the Mayor shall apply mutatis mutandis to the Deputy Mayor.
Deputy Mayor for Communities
61.1. There shall be a Deputy Mayor for Communities in those municipalities where at least 10% of the citizens belong to non-majority communities.
61.2. The Deputy Mayor for Communities shall be elected for the same term of office as the Mayor.
61.3. The appointment and dismissal of the Deputy Mayor for Communities shall be proposed by the Mayor and shall get approval of the majority of the municipal assembly members present and voting and the majority of the municipal assembly members present and voting belonging to the non-majority communities.
61.4. The deputy mayor for communities shall assist the Mayor and provide him/her advice and guidance to the Mayor on issues related to the non-majority communities.
61.5. When the post of the Deputy Mayor becomes vacant, the Mayor shall appoint a new one no later than thirty days after the vacancy arises according to the procedures of paragraph 3 of this Article.
61.6 The Article 59 on the conflict on interest of the Mayor shall apply mutatis mutandis to the Deputy Mayor for Communities.
Municipal Directors
62.1. The municipal administration shall be organized into directorates.
62.2 Each municipal directorate shall be managed by a director who is employed and dismissed by the Mayor.
62.3 The directors shall manage their directorates in accordance with the strategic and political strategies of Mayor and in accordance with Laws and municipal applicable regulations.
62.4 Directors shall regularly report to the Mayor for the matters that are under their responsibility and shall provide him/her all necessary information and reports for the decision-making process.
Conflicts of Interest for Directors
63.1. Directors shall be excluded from the decision-making and administrative procedures relating to any matter in which he or she, or an immediate family member of his or hers, has a personal or financial interest.
63.2. Directors are required to present in written any conflict of interest immediately after such conflict arises.
63.3. The statute and rule of procedure includes the measures that should be taken to exclude directors from the decision-making and administrative procedures where they have a conflict of interest.
Removal from the Office
64.1. Municipal Mayor may be suspended from the office by a decision of the Government of Republic of Kosova within thirty (30) days, if it considers that the Mayor has violated the Constitution and the applicable laws.
64.2. If the ministry responsible for local government considers that the conditions for the suspension of the Municipal Mayor are met, it shall recommend the suspension of such Mayor to the Government of Republic of Kosova. The Government of Republic of Kosova may suspend the Municipal Mayor (for up to 30 day) by a decision and submit the case to the Constitutional Court.
64.3 If the Constitutional Court upholds the decision; the Government shall remove the Mayor from the office.
Municipal Civil Service
65.1. The municipal civil service shall consist of all the persons employed by a municipal authority whose salary is paid by the Budget of Republic of Kosova except:
a) mayor, deputy mayor/s and municipal directors;
b) chairperson, deputy chairperson/s and all the members of Municipal Assembly;
65.2. Municipal directors, directors of institutions and enterprises under the authority of the municipality and the civil servants of the administration of the municipality shall not be members of the Assembly of Republic of Kosova or of the municipal assembly of the municipality where they work.
65.3. Elections for a Municipal Assembly shall not constitute a cause for reconsidering appointments of civil servants.
Municipal Administration and the Head of Personnel
66.1. The municipal administration shall be organized into directorates. Each municipal directorate shall be managed by a director. Municipal Directors shall be employed and dismissed by the Mayor.
66.2. The municipal administration shall have a Head of Personnel.
66.3. The Mayor shall announce the post, recruitment and dismissal of the Head of Personnel in accordance with the applicable law on civil service.
66.4. If the position of the Head of Personnel becomes vacant, the Mayor shall appoint in an acting capacity a senior member of the municipal civil service.
66.5. Within sixty (60) days, the Mayor shall recruit a new Head in accordance with 65.2 above.
A municipal administration employee shall be excluded from the decision-making and administrative procedures relating to any matter in which he or she, or an immediate family member of his or hers, has a personal or financial interest.
DIRECT DEMOCRACY AND CITIZEN PARTICIPATION MECHANISMS
Public Information and Consultation
68.1. Each municipality shall hold periodically, at least twice a year, a public meeting at which any person or organization with an interest in the municipality may participate. The date and place of the meeting shall be publicized at least two weeks in advance. One of the meetings shall be held during the first six months of the year.
68.2. At the meeting municipal representatives shall inform participants about the activities of the municipality and participants may ask questions and make proposals to the elected representatives of the municipality.
68.3. In addition to the public meetings noted above, Municipalities are obliged to inform the citizens of the Municipality of any important plans or programs of public interest, which shall be regulated by the Municipal Statute.
68.4. The Municipal Assembly shall adopt municipal regulation promoting the transparency of the legislative, executive and administrative bodies of the municipalities, enhancing the public participation in the decision making at the local level, and facilitating the public access to official documents of the municipalities. The ministry responsible for local government may issue administrative instructions on municipal transparency.
68.5. Any person may inspect any document held by the Municipality, unless such disclosure is restricted in accordance with the Law on Access to Official Documents.
Right of Petition
Any person or organization with an interest in the municipality shall have the right to present a petition to the Municipal Assembly about any matter relating to the responsibilities and powers of the municipality. The Municipal Assembly shall consider the petition in accordance with its Statute and Rules of Procedure.
Citizens' Initiative
70.1. The citizens may take initiative to propose regulations, within the competencies of the municipality, for adoption by assembly or by a vote of the citizens in accordance with the applicable law.
70.2. The proponents shall submit a draft of the proposed regulation to the Chairperson of the Municipal Assembly.
70.3. The draft regulation proposed shall be signed by 15% of the registered voters for consideration by the Municipal Assembly.
70.4. The Municipal Assembly is obliged to consider the proposed the regulation and take action upon it within 60 days of the receipt.
71.1. The citizens of a municipality may request that a regulation of the Municipal Assembly adopted by the Municipal Assembly, be submitted to a referendum by the citizens.
71.2. The request must be submitted to the Chairperson of the Municipal Assembly within 30 days from the date of adoption of the regulation and must be signed by 10% of the registered voters.
71.3. The Municipal Assembly shall consider and act upon the request within the thirty days after the receipt of a valid petition in accordance with applicable law.
Recall of the Mayor
72.1. The citizens of a municipality may take the initiative to remove a mayor from the office
72.2. A request to this effect shall be signed by twenty (20) percent of the registered voters and shall be submitted to the Chairperson of Municipal Assembly who shall refer the matter to the appropriate institution for the administration of voting.
72.3. If the majority of the registered voters vote in favor of the Mayor's removal, new mayoral elections shall take place in accordance with the law on elections.
Consultative Committees
73.1. The Municipal Assembly shall establish consultative committees within sectors for the purpose of enabling citizen participation in the decision making process.
73.2. The membership of the committees shall include citizens and representatives of nongovernmental organizations.
73.3. The consultative committees may submit proposals, conduct research and provide opinions on municipal assembly initiatives in accordance with the Municipal Statute.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CENTRAL AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Objectives of the Administrative Review
The administrative review of the municipalities has the following objectives:
a) to strengthen the ability of the local self-government bodies to fulfill their responsibilities through advice, support, and assistance;
b) to ensure the lawfulness of the activities of local self-government bodies; and
c) to ensure that the rights and interest of citizens are respected.
Basic Principles of the Administrative Review
75.1. The administrative review of municipalities shall only be exercised in accordance with Constitution and law.
75.2. No prior review can be exercised unless otherwise provided by this law.
75.3. Administrative review shall have as minimal as possible impact on the interests of local self- government and may not limit the right of local authorities to manage the affairs falling in the scope of their powers in accordance with the law.
75.4. The intervention of the supervisory authority shall be proportional to the importance of the interests which it intends to protect.
76.1. The ministry responsible for the local government is the supervisory authority unless; the responsibility for the review of municipalities is assigned by law to the responsible ministry or institution with respect to a specific field.
76.2. The review of the delegated competencies is exercised by the body of central government which has delegated them.
Mutual Responsibilities in the Process of Administrative Review
77.1. Municipal and supervisory authorities are obliged to cooperate with each other in the process of administrative review.
77.2. All measures of review shall be taken by review authorities through the relevant legal acts. Such acts shall state the legal basis and explain the reasons for the application of a certain review measure.
Rights of Supervisory Authorities to be informed
78.1. The supervisory authority has the right to receive and obtain full information on all matters concerned, including the right to visit the municipal offices and municipal facilities and to request access to municipal documents. The Mayor shall be responsible for making this information available to the supervisory body.
78.2. During such visits, the representatives of the supervisory body shall not give direct instructions to the staff of the local self-government bodies. Any request for documents shall be addressed to the local government body and the transmission of the documents shall be ensured by the Mayor in accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 77 of this Law.
78.3. The ministry responsible for the local government has the right to be regularly informed by the municipalities on the areas of which the ministry it is not the supervisory authority.
Types of Review
79.1. Review over the operation of municipalities in the area of own and enhanced competencies shall be limited to review of the legality.
79.2. The administrative review over the operation of municipalities in the area of delegated competences shall include review of the legality and expediency of actions.
Regular Review of Legality
80.1. The Mayor of a municipality shall forward to the supervisory authority by the 10th of each month, a list of all acts adopted by the Mayor and the Assembly in the previous month.
80.2. The supervisory authority shall have the right to supervise any act, which had not been controlled under the procedure of mandatory review, within 30 days upon the receipt of the list mentioned in paragraph 1 of this Article.
Mandatory Review of Legality
81.1. The following acts shall be subject to the procedure of mandatory review of legality;
a) general acts adopted by the municipal assemblies;
b) decisions related to the joining and activities of the cooperative partnerships;
c) acts adopted within the framework of the implementation delegated competencies;
81.2. All municipalities are obliged to submit to the supervisory body all aforementioned acts within 7 days from the day of issuance.
81.3. The acknowledgement of receipt by the supervisory body on the submitted act of the local government body is certified through its registration in the protocol office of the supervisory body.
81.4. Supervisory body is obliged to give its opinion on the legality of any registered act within 15 days from its receipt in accordance with the aforementioned procedures.
The Procedure for the Review of Legality
82.1. If the supervisory authority considers a decision or other act of a municipality to be inconsistent with the Constitution and laws, it may request that the municipality reexamine such decision or act. The request shall state the grounds of the alleged violation of the Constitution or law and shall not suspend the execution of the municipal decision or other act at issue.
82.2. The municipal body shall respond to request for re-examination within 30 days of notification of receipt of such request.
82.3. If the municipal body accepts the request for re-examination, it may suspend the execution of the contested decision or act pending the deliberation by the municipal authorities.
82.4. If the municipal body fails to respond within the deadline or rejects the request or upholds the contested decision or act, the supervisory authority may challenge the act in question in the District Court competent for the territory of the municipality within 30 days following the failure to respond, notification of the rejection or the upholding of the contested decision or act.
82.5. The District Court may order, by interim measure the suspension of the application of the contested decision or act or other temporary acts in accordance with the applicable law.
Request for Preliminary Consultation
83.1. Prior to the issuance of an act, a municipal body may request consultation with a supervisory body.
83.2. The request for preliminary consultations shall contain a draft of the act intended to be issued and the specific issue for which the advice of the supervisory body is requested with respect to the legality and/or reasonability of the act in question.
83.3. Supervisory authority is obliged to respond in writing within 30 days after the receipt of the request.
Review of Expediency
84.1. The supervisory authority responsible for exercising review over the delegated competencies shall have the right to request, within 30 days of reception of a copy of the an act, that the municipal body modify or repeal the contested act on the basis of expediency considerations.
84.2. If the municipal body fails to act accordingly, the supervisory body responsible for exercising review over the expediency may modify, replace the act or suspend the execution of a municipal decision or other act.
84.3. The supervising authority shall inform the municipal body of such decision within five (5) days of adoption of the decision.
Complaints of citizens
The complaints of citizens against an administrative act of the municipal organs shall be reviewed in accordance with Law on Administrative Procedure.
Publicity of the Administrative Review
86.1. The ministry responsible or local government shall submit to the Government and to the Assembly of Republic of Kosova, by the end of March of each year, an annual report about its activities relating to the review of municipalities carried out in the previous year up to the end of March each year.
86.2. The report shall be made available to the public.
TRANSITIONAL AND FINAL PROVISIONS
Repeal of Previous Legislation
Upon the entry into force of this law all prior legislation governing the Law on Local Self- Government shall be abrogated.
Approximation of Legislation
No later than six (6) months after the entry into force of this law, all prior legislation and rules shall be harmonized with the provisions of this law.
Sub-legal Acts
All the sub-legal acts required by this law shall be issued no later than six (6) months after the entry into force of this law,
The present Law shall enter into force upon adoption by the Assembly of Republic of Kosova and its publication in the Official Gazette.
President of the Assembly of Republic of Kosova
Jakup KRASNIQI
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Chairman of the COIS: Prof. Giovanni Cimbalo
Licodu is a project made by COIS
Scientific director of the project: Prof. Federica Botti
Prof. Giovanni Barberini
Prof. Francesco Onida
Prof. Maria Cristina Folliero †
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Prof. Giuseppe D'Angelo.
Accountable for countries:
Albania, Kosovo: Dr. Arens Çela, Prof. Giovanni Cimbalo, Dr. Nadire Lapi
Bosnia, Croatia, Montenegro, Macedonia, Serbia: Olja Stojkovska, Marija Ignjatovic
Bulgaria: Dott.ssa Kristina Petrova, Olja Stojkovska
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Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia: Dr. Zita Noreikaite, Prof. Giovanni Cimbalo
Romania, Moldova, Belarus, Ukraine: Prof. Federica Botti, Georgica Grigorita, Andrei Amedeo Zmarandoiu, Stephanie Arnold
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Supervisor for English texts: Dr. Marta Torcini
Graphic design by Angelo Sellari


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text:
Q: Opencv UDP server client I'm having problem to run the code, in server class int result = client->sendData((char*)(&buff[0]), buff.size());
I'm using vc2010, opencv 249
buff is undefined!
---server class ---
    char *addr = "127.0.0.1";
    int port = 9999;

    int main(){
        cout<<"=== VIDEO SENDER ==="<<endl;
        //setup UDP client:
        UDPClient *client = new UDPClient(addr, port);
        //setup openCV
        cvNamedWindow("UDP Video Sender", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
        CvCapture* capture = cvCreateCameraCapture(0);
        if(!capture){
            cout<<"No camera found."<<endl;
            goto DONE;
        }
        IplImage *frame;
        frame = cvQueryFrame(capture);
        IplImage *small = cvCreateImage(cvSize(frame->width / 2, frame->height / 2),
            frame->depth, 3);

    while(1){
        //capture frame and resize
        frame = cvQueryFrame(capture);
        cvResize(frame, small, CV_INTER_LINEAR);
        cvShowImage("UDP Video Sender", small);
        //send
        int result = client->sendData((char*)(&buff[0]), buff.size());
        if(result < 0)
            cout<<"Failed to send."<<endl;
        else
            cout<<"Sent a frame of size "<<result<<endl;

        cvWaitKey(15);
    }
    goto DONE;

DONE:
    cout<<"Press any key to continue."<<endl;
    getch();
}

A: well, the message is clear you should define your buffer. :)
Try to define you buffer then add this line before sending:
// copy image data to your buffer
std::memcpy(pointer to your buffer , frame->imageData, buffer size);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Houston office of a BCG Attorney Search Top Ranked Law Firm seeks an eDiscovery attorney with 3-5 years of experience. The candidate will be responsible for eDiscovery work on complex litigations. Will be supervising and coordinating project execution to meet project timelines, budgets, and standards. Serving as a point of contact with firm case .... Legal
Florida - Miami
Miami office of a BCG Attorney Search Top Ranked Law Firm seeks an eDiscovery attorney with 3-5 years of experience. The candidate will be responsible for eDiscovery work on complex litigations. Will be supervising and coordinating project execution to meet project timelines, budgets, and standards. Serving as a point of contact with firm case .... Legal
Austin office of a BCG Attorney Search Top Ranked Law Firm seeks an eDiscovery attorney with 3-5 years of experience. The candidate will be responsible for eDiscovery work on complex litigations. Will be supervising and coordinating project execution to meet project timelines, budgets, and standards. Serving as a point of contact with firm case .... Legal
Virginia - Reston
Reston office of a BCG Attorney Search Top Ranked Law Firm seeks an eDiscovery attorney with 3-5 years of experience. The candidate will be responsible for eDiscovery work on complex litigations. Will be supervising and coordinating project execution to meet project timelines, budgets, and standards. Serving as a point of contact with firm case .... Legal
Delaware - Wilmington
Wilmington office of a BCG Attorney Search Top Ranked Law Firm seeks an eDiscovery attorney with 3-5 years of experience. The candidate will be responsible for eDiscovery work on complex litigations. Will be supervising and coordinating project execution to meet project timelines, budgets, and standards. Serving as a point of contact with firm .... Legal
Seattle office of a BCG Attorney Search Top Ranked Law Firm seeks an eDiscovery attorney with 3-5 years of experience. The candidate will be responsible for eDiscovery work on complex litigations. Will be supervising and coordinating project execution to meet project timelines, budgets, and standards. Serving as a point of contact with firm case .... Legal
Philadelphia office of a BCG Attorney Search Top Ranked Law Firm seeks an eDiscovery attorney with 3-5 years of experience. The candidate will be responsible for eDiscovery work on complex litigations. Will be supervising and coordinating project execution to meet project timelines, budgets, and standards. Serving as a point of contact with firm .... Legal
Chicago office of a BCG Attorney Search Top Ranked Law Firm seeks an eDiscovery attorney with 3-5 years of experience. The candidate will be responsible for eDiscovery work on complex litigations. Will be supervising and coordinating project execution to meet project timelines, budgets, and standards. Serving as a point of contact with firm case .... Legal
District of Columbia - Washington
Washington, D.C. office of a BCG Attorney Search Top Ranked Law Firm seeks an eDiscovery attorney with 3-5 years of experience. The candidate will be responsible for eDiscovery work on complex litigations. Will be supervising and coordinating project execution to meet project timelines, budgets, and standards. Serving as a point of contact with .... Legal
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


As of late, the Manitoba Liquor Commission has did a very fine job with bringing beer to Manitoba. Seeing as I'm a huge Unibroue fan, I can get just about any Unibroue beer I crave only 5 minutes away from my apartment. Thanks to this blog and Twitter, I have made several new friends, some locally, some out-of-province. One thing I noticed that is consistent in every region of Canada - beer selection. I'm not talking about every part of Canada has the exact same selection - I'm talking about how restrictive it can be to find beers at times from other provinces.
One great example is in Quebec, while they have arguably THE best beer scene in all of Canada, they don't get access to many beers from outside of Quebec. So with this, they don't get to try beers from the fine breweries such as Cannery, Muskoka, Half Pints, and Flying Monkeys. Due to the lack of bieres hors-Québec in Quebec, I know many beer geeks from Quebec who would give up lots of their Dieu du Ciel or Ptit Caribou hoards just so they could try beers they just can't simply get. The same thing happens in other regions in Canada - Here in Manitoba, while I have plentiful access to Half Pints beer (excluding the brewery-only releases), I can't go to a beer vendor or a liquor store and pick up beer from Driftwood, Alley Kat, Beau's or Dieu du Ciel as they don't have distribution rights here in Manitoba. I could possibly do a large custom order of beers through the MLCC, but that is costly - A friend of mine custom ordered some St Ambroise Apricot Wheat Ale through the MLCC this past fall, it cost approximately $72 before tax for 24 bottles. As you can see, custom ordering is incredibly expensive as they do have to make money off of the product in order to make it worth their while.
Right now we are seeing Bill C-311 taking place, which is a private member's bill related to shipping/bringing wine from one province to another. Terry David Mulligan first brought this issue up last year when he discovered that there was a law in effect since the end of prohibition that if you were to transport wine or other alcohol substances from one province to another, you could be fined or face imprisonment. He challenged the law by purchasing a case of wine in the Okanagan, calling up the closest RCMP detachment in Alberta letting the police know that he is headed their way and asked them to charge him for bringing the wine. Of course, they didn't, as it is an incredibly archaic law that nobody really realizes still exists. Okanagan-Coquihalla MP Dan Albas immediately pushed for changes by introducing Bill C-311 last fall as his own constituency is in one of the most important wine regions in Canada.
For wine, if the bill passes, it would allow for a person to bring back wine for personal consumption to their home province. Also, it would allow for wineries to sell wine online directly to the customers for those who can't find the wines in their local stores. This is great and all, but I'm a bit disappointed that it does not include beer.
For me, beer should be part of the bill as we are currently seeing a microbrewery renaissance across the country. In every region of Canada, peoples' beer palates are changing as they're getting tired of the old lagers of their father's generation and now they want something with a lot of hops, coffee, spice and other flavours - something that could be an alternative to a bottle of wine. A small microbrewery should have the ability to set up an online store and allow customers from across the country to purchase wine, because hey - if they don't have the ability to ship to several dozen stores, they should at least be able to ship directly to the customer. I could see it now, order a 650mL bomber off of the brewery's website and it comes directly to your door. If you have ever received beer in the mail, even discretely, you generally have to show identification when receiving the parcel in the first place, so there's slim to nil way that an underage drinker will be tampering with your mail in the first place.
The idea of a brewery shipping beer to the customer could potentially increase sales as for someone like me, I'd absolutely LOVE to try beers from small rural micros such as À la abri de la têmpete, which is a small micro located on Île de la Madeleine (Quebec).
The fact is that if you go to another province, pick up (or MAIL) a bottle or case of beer, bring it to a different province, it's against the law. Thankfully I have never seen anyone get charged with it, especially as I've brought back lots of beer from my Quebec trips over the years.
I hope one day the ability to order beer online becomes a reality, and until then, we need to push for change. What can you do to push for change? Contact your local MLA/MPP and your local Member of Parliament. Also, follow the #freemyhops or #freethebeer discussion on Twitter!
It sounds like a good idea. It is sad when BC breweries have an easier time shipping their beers to the US than to other provinces. This law also only reinforces the monopoly of the big breweries, as they have their own breweries in each province. I'm sure they would loose considerable sales if great microbreweries could ship their products across borders.
This may also enable Beer of the Month services where you could get a variety of beer mailed to you monthly by subscription -- a less costly way to sample otherwise unavailable brands than having to endure the hassle and expense of a special order.


COMPLETE LIST OF NGO IN MAHE.
Find complate list of Public and Private Ngo network in Mahe. Select your Ngo and get in touch to the Ngo staff for any Issue. View complete list of Service and Facilities of Ngo with Address, Contact No. and other Ngo details.
How to check list of Ngo in Mahe?
To know the list of Ngo in Mahe - Pondicherry, please select the Mahe under the Pondicherry from the list. For more information about list of Ngo in Mahe please submit your question.


12 Hurt Parade Unanderra – Kelly is delighted that she has purchased her first home close to family & friends.
20 Coral Cres Unanderra – Scott & Amanda are excited as they have sold their first family home to build on a half acre block of land.
19 Leigh Cres Unanderra – Jade & Paschal are over the moon as they have secured their first home just in time before baby Leo is born.
8/26 Avondale Rd Avondale – Nathan & Alexandria are extremely happy that they have sold their first property which was purchased off the plan. Now they can upsize into a family home.
16 Rhondda St Berkeley – The twins first ever home was sold so they can move into a home with a larger backyard.
15 Balook Street Mount Keira – Very happy vendors Matt & Elle-Marie with their three beautiful little boys. Selling to upsize into a four bedroom home down the coast.
20 Tresnan St Unanderra – Extremely happy buyers David & Kelly after purchasing their first home, after many years of renting in the northern suburbs.
112 The Avenue Mt St Thomas – Thrilled vendor Abraham, after selling his long term investment property.
20A Tresnan St Unanderra – Excited couple Emily & Scott after purchasing there second property to start a family in.
2A Bellambi Street Corrimal – Very Happy Vendors Caleb & Heather with their two young boys, downsizing to a beach front property.
99 Gibsons Road Figtree – Joyful vendor Yannoula, after selling her property to downsize into a Northern Suburbs Villa.
99 Hassan Street Lake Heights – Happy buyer Muhammed, after securing this magnificent property, only two days prior to the Auction.


This week holds great promise for me. I will be speaking at one of the breakout sessions on The Reality of Self-Publishing. This is my opportunity to "pay it forward," by sharing my experience of entering the self-publishing business. My goal is to share with others some lessons learned, so that they can be successful.
At this conference, Pete Socks, host of Off the Shelf, on Breadbox Media, will interview me. This interview gives me an opportunity to reach a wider audience and share my passion for teaching children the virtues via my children's book.
If you are Catholic, with a love for writing, you should consider joining the Catholic Writers Guild. You need not be a published author to join. All you need is to be Catholic and love writing. When you join, you will find that many doors open wide for you. The benefits received are like blessings, making the $40 annual membership priceless! Here's a link to the Catholic Writers Guild website. Check it out!
With all the hobnobbing I'll be doing this week, there will be no post from me this Wednesday. But, I'll be back at the keyboard Monday morning. In the meantime, I ask for your prayers for safe travels.
I'm looking forward to the conference, too, Ginny, and to seeing you again!
Have a great time at the conference, Ginny! I wish I could join you there, but I am unable to attend this year. I will be praying for you. God bless you!
We missed you Jean! It was a great conference. It will be in Lancaster next year as well. Hope to see you next year.
« Jesus Asks: What Do You Wish?


text:
package com.amazonaws.services.redshift.model;

import javax.annotation.Generated;

/**
 * <p>
 * The snapshot copy grant can't be created because a grant with the same name already exists.
 * </p>
 */
@Generated("com.amazonaws:aws-java-sdk-code-generator")
public class SnapshotCopyGrantAlreadyExistsException extends com.amazonaws.services.redshift.model.AmazonRedshiftException {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    /**
     * Constructs a new SnapshotCopyGrantAlreadyExistsException with the specified error message.
     *
     * @param message
     *        Describes the error encountered.
     */
    public SnapshotCopyGrantAlreadyExistsException(String message) {
        super(message);
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Petry Zsolt  (Budapest, 1966. szeptember 23. –) magyar labdarúgó, kapus, kapusedző, szövetségi edző.

Pályafutása

Klubcsapatokban
Első csapatában az MTK-VM-ben két évig szerepelt 1985 és 1987 között. 1987-ben a Videoton kapusa lett onnan a fővárosi Honvédba igazolt. 1991-ben külföldre igazolt a belga KKA Gent csapatához. Ott négy éven keresztül védett. Egy török kitérő Gençlerbirliği S.K.-ba és utána ismét visszatért Belgiumba ezúttal a Charleroiba. Egy szezonnal később a Feyenoord játékosa lett, az 1998–1999-es szezont pedig az Eintracht Frankfurtban kezdte meg. 1999-ben egy évre hazaigazolt nevelőklubjához az MTK-hoz, majd utána a finn Kotkant választotta. 2001–2002-ben ismét hazaköltözött a Dunaferr SE játékosaként, majd az SC Paderborn 07 kapusa lett. 2004-től kapusedzőként dolgozik. Mestereinek Piski Elemért, Pálinkás Andrást, Kakas Lászlót és Bicskei Bertalant tartja.

A válogatottban
1984-ben ifi Eb-t nyert a magyar korosztályos válogatottal. A felnőtt válogatottban 1988-1996 között 38 mérkőzésen szerepelt. 1991-ben pályára lépett a világválogatottban is.

Edzőként
2004-ben kezdett edzősködni Paderbornban, majd 2008. május 15-én csatlakozott Erwin Koeman stábjához, úgy, mint Aczél Zoltán és Máté Csaba a magyar válogatottnál. 2009-től a német élvonalébeli Hoffenheim kapusedzője volt hat éven át. 2015-ben Dárdai Pál hívására csatlakozott a Hertha BSC edzői stábjához, kapusedzőként, ahonnan 2021. április 6-án menesztették, miután a klub állásfoglalása szerint a Hertha értékrendjével ellentétes politikai tartalmú nyilatkozatot tett.

Sikerei, díjai
 Ifjúsági Európa-bajnokság
 aranyérmes: 1984, Szovjetunió
 Az év labdarúgója: 1990
 Magyar Bajnok 1990/91

Statisztika

Mérkőzései a válogatottban

Jegyzetek

Források

 Az A-válogatott stábja
 Pepsifoci.hu
 Várhegyi Ferenc: Vörösváriak a nagyvilágban - Petry Zsolt. In: Vörösvári Újság, XVIII. évf. 9. szám, 2012. szeptember, p30

1966-ban született személyek
Magyar labdarúgók
Labdarúgókapusok
Az MTK labdarúgói
A Videoton labdarúgói
A Budapest Honvéd labdarúgói
A Feyenoord labdarúgói
Az Eintracht Frankfurt labdarúgói
A Dunaújváros FC labdarúgói
Az RSC Charleroi labdarúgói
A KAA Gent labdarúgói
A Gençlerbirliği labdarúgói
Az év magyar labdarúgói
Magyar labdarúgóedzők
Budapesten született személyek
Pilisvörösváriak
Élő személyek
Magyar bajnok labdarúgók

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Randy Pausch died today at the age of 47. He positively effected thousands personally, surely tens of thousands via his book and lectures. Isn't that all you can really ask for?
Published on July 25, 2008 at 12:44PM.


text:
Building Bridges through Books: Minneapolis Police and Little Free Library Launch National Law Enforcement Community Engagement Campaign
November 2017 | Volume 10 | Issue 11
The Minneapolis Police Department Community Engagement Team (CET), in cooperation with the Little Free Library program and the Minneapolis Northside Achievement Zone, kicked off a program this fall that already promises to become a community engagement model for law enforcement agencies across the country. On October 17, CET Officers rolled up their sleeves to build Little Free Libraries that were placed in the communities they serve across Minneapolis. In subsequent weeks, the MPD's Bike Cops for Kids will be placing books signed by NFL Minnesota Vikings players throughout the city.
In addition, some squad cars are now marked with "We Share Books" magnets and for children who 'give a wave,' the officer will stop to hand out free books and talk with the kids.
The Minneapolis Community Engagement Team (CET) is tasked with strengthening ties to various cultural communities in the city and CET Officers are assigned to work with the following communities: African American, Native American, Latino, LGBT, Asian, and East African, as well as assisting other officers in complex cases that may involve language or cultural barriers. Community members can contact CET officers to offer information about issues such as homeland security if they feel reluctant to speak to regular officers or investigators. The Bike Cops for Kids and the MPD's Chaplain Coordination Officer are also integral members of the CET.
The Minneapolis Police Department has launched the book engagement project through the Little Free Library Law Enforcement Impact Program; Little Free Library is giving away 50 standard Little Free Library book exchanges and 50 mobile Little Free Libraries to departments across the country. The Cleveland Police, Detroit Police Department and Los Angeles PD (LAPD Headquarters) will be the next departments to participate in this community engagement and literacy-promoting campaign.
Little Free Library (LFL) is a nonprofit organization that inspires a love of reading, builds community, and sparks creativity by fostering neighborhood book exchanges around the world. Since the first Little Free Library was built in 2009, the number of registered book exchanges has grown to more than 60,000, in all 50 states and 80 countries. Through these 'Little Libraries,' millions of books are shared annually and LFL maintains a map of their engagement across the world.
Scott Seroka
Office of Public Information
Minneapolis Police Department/p>


The "Look Up" Series monotypes are based on the quote by Sister Corita Kent, "To understand, is to stand under, which is to look up to, which is a good way to understand." People must continue to have an open mind and a positive outlook, because you never know what doors might open if you keep a free mind.
This monotype represents a relationship in which you converse with someone, and the brainstorming you have with them is lively, and grows.
Each little pod is a memory. Each experience you have with a person then connects to the next experience, creating a string of memories.
Our feelings are based on the experiences we have with different people.


Closing Skills To Become A Better Salesperson.
Both you and I know that if you're not closing, you're not making any money. The problem is that most sales people don't know how to seal the deal.
Did you know that 4% of salespeople make 60% of all sales? Why do only 4% make so many of the sales? Because they ask for the sale more than six times.
But let's back a bit. Before you can close you need to establish yourself as a problem solver to the prospect's problems. You need to ask questions first to find out the problem. Then you need to ask questions to help the customer discover how your product solves their problem.
The number one reason people don't buy is that they don't trust you. It's probably not that they think you're an out-and-out liar. They might have some sub-conscious thing going on about salespeople. They may have heard something that just doesn't gel.
They bottom line is that you can't close until you have established sufficient value in the client's mind. Don't do it too early. If you do, the client won't buy. You know how it is on the buying side. If you don't see the value, no matter how persuasive the salesperson, you're not going to buy.
So Zig Ziglar, one of the world's leading success coaches says that you must "Start with your most valuable point". This is the biggest selling point for the client. Show how your product can solve the prospects most pressing problem.
Once you've started with your most valuable point, you can start adding trial closes: How do you feel about what you've heard so far? Are you interested in saving money? When would you like to start saving money? These types of questions will help you get inside the mind of the customer and help you understand what kinds of questions you need to address.
Ziglar also says, "When the client says no they are not going to change their minds. They make new decisions based on new information." What does this mean? It means that when the customer says "No", it's because they don't have enough information to say yes. You must provide them with that additional information so that they can say yes.
Your persistence will pay off. First you must really, truly believe in the product you are selling. Does it really provide the solution you are trying to sell? Master sales skills and you will join the top 4% of salespeople who are selling 60% of the sales. Zig Ziglar and others have many fine sales training programs to help you hone your selling skills.
These referral techniques can take your business to the next level.
How To Win Customers And Keep Them For Life.


New faith space @Bay Campus: we are very excited at the prospect of a new faith space being built on Bay Campus this autumn. This will mean that we will be able to offer many events and worship opportunities in a permanent location on Bay. In the meantime, please keep an eye on this space and on Social Media for specific events.
Our campus Mosque is a great way to enable students to mix with and befriend people from all over the world. It is this diversity that makes it such a unique and interesting place to be. The atmosphere of the mosque is also a suitable area for study for both overseas and home students.
Assalamualaikam wrwb – Peace be upon you!!!!!! Welcome to Swansea University Mosque We hope you have a wonderful time with us Inshallah.


text:
Open For Entries! The 2019 CIS Excellence Awards, in Partnership with Caterer.com
Entries and nominations for the 16th annual CIS Excellence Awards, in partnership with Caterer.com, are now OPEN.
Aimed at ALL businesses and individuals involved in Scotland's catering, hospitality and tourism industries – from chefs, foodie pubs, colleges and caterers, to restaurants, hotels, software developers, food tourism organisations, food manufacturers, training companies, local authorities, tea rooms, guest houses, etc – there is a category to suit you or your business.
Nominations for the 16th annual CIS Excellence Awards in partnership with Caterer.com are open now until midnight on Friday 22nd February.
Enter here.
THE CATEGORIES AND SPONSORS FOR THE CIS EXCELLENCE AWARDS 2019, IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
Award 1: The Employee Of The Year Award, Sponsored By Fresh Food Company
Award 2: The Sustainable Business Award, Co-Sponsored By Green Tourism & Seafood Scotland
Award 3: The Business Innovation Award, Co-Sponsored By Sodexo. *This Award Is Available For Co-Sponsorship*
Award 4: The Healthier Scotland Award, Sponsored By The Healthyliving Award, in Association With NHS Health Scotland
Award 5: The Training And Employee Retention Award, Sponsored By Caterer.Com
Award 6: The Pub Excellence Award, Sponsored By KraftHeinz
Award 7: The Banqueting & Events Chef Award, Co-Sponsored By ASA Recruitment & Tilda
Award 8: The Restaurant Newcomer Of The Year Award, Sponsored By Kafoodle
Award 9: The Food Tourism Award: *This Award Is Available For Sponsorship*
Award 10: The Hospitality Educator Of The Year Award, Sponsored By CH&CO Group
Award 11: The Independent Hotel Of The Year Award, Co-Sponsored By Bruce Stevenson Insurance *This Award Is Available For Co-Sponsorship
Award 12: The Patisserie Chef Of The Year Award: *This Award Is Available For Sponsorship*
Award 13: The Group Hotel Of The Year Award, Co-Sponsored By In Stock. *This Award Is Available For Co-Sponsorship*
Award 14: The Young Chef Of The Year Award, Co-Sponsored By Brakes Scotland. *This Award Is Available For Co-Sponsorship*
Award 15: The Restaurant Of The Year Award, Co-Sponsored By Aramark And Olleco
Award 16: The Chef Of The Year Award, Sponsored By BaxterStorey
Award 17: The Lifetime Excellence Award, Sponsored By Braehead Foods
Caterer.comCIS Excellence Awards
Stoats Announced As Official Partner for World Porridge Day 2016 0
Don't Waste Your Opportunity To Recycle Food Scraps
Aberdeen Contract Caterer Recognised at P&J Gold Awards 0


The Executive "Exec" Board makes up the primary officer positions within the Chapter. They're responsible for anything from running the various committees to finances to alumni relations and more. The positions that make up the Exec Board are the president "A", vice president "B", secretary "C", treasurer "D", alumni secretary "E", risk management "F", and associate member counselor "AMC".
If needing to get in contact with anyone on the Exec Board, visit the Contact page.