When it comes to healthcare, there's no crystal ball that can help you predict your needs in the future (it would be nice if there were, wouldn't it?). Your healthcare situation today may change drastically tomorrow. One day, you're fit as a fiddle, sailing through retirement with ease. The next day, you find yourself with half a dozen medications and bimonthly trips to your family doctor. Life moves fast, and your health insurance should move with it. Fortunately, you're not stuck with the same health plan from year to year, even if you have Medicare. Need to change your Medicare coverage? Here's what you need to know.
Can You Change Your Medicare Plan (& How)?
Call Medicare directly (800) MEDICARE (633-4227); you may also want to visit your local Social Security Administration (SSA) office for more information.
Call or write to the insurance plan you want to switch to.
Enroll in another plan during the annual enrollment period. The annual enrollment period starts on October 15 and ends on December 7 each year. Coverage for your new plan will start on January 1.
If you've just enrolled in Medicare Advantage and aren't happy with it, you have three months to change back to original Medicare. This is a special "test run" period available to new MA subscribers.
If you've had your MA plan for longer than three months but want to switch back to original anyway, you'll need to wait until the Medicare Advantage Open Enrollment period (January 1 through March 31) or the Medicare Open Enrollment period (October 15 through December 7). In either period, you're free to drop your MA plan in favor of original Medicare.
Before you switch, though, think about your healthcare needs and why you want to switch. If original Medicare works better for you, that's fine. But MA plans have come a long way and cover a lot of services (especially ones that original doesn't), so weigh your healthcare needs and budget carefully before dropping MA coverage. There may be a better MA plan for you instead, and you can switch to one during the same enrollment periods outlined above.
Do you presently have an Original Medicare plan (which includes Part A and Part B) and want to switch to a Medicare Advantage (Medicare Part C) plan? If so, you can do so during the Medicare open enrollment period, which lasts from October 15 to December 7 of each year.
Note that you cannot enroll in a Medicare Advantage plan using a state or federal marketplace (like HealthCare.gov). These sites do not sell Medicare plans.
You may be presently enrolled in a Medicare Advantage plan with a private health insurance company and want to switch to a different plan or a different provider. Or, you may want to add, drop or switch to a different Prescription Drug plan. You can do so during the Medicare open enrollment period, which lasts from October 15 to December 7 of each year.
There are several reasons you may want to make a change in your Medicare plans. As mentioned before, a change in your medical situation may warrant a different type of coverage. Additionally, you may want to change your Medicare plan if the policy you did have, which once suited your healthcare coverage needs, changed. A change in your financial situation may also require you to change your Medicare plan.
The healthcare marketplace is a very fluid environment, especially today with the inception of Obamacare (also known as the Affordable Care Act, or ACA). We also have to take into account the ensuing additional changes planned by both the ACA and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), which manages the Medicare program.
The ACA mandates that every American have health coverage, and this includes people who are eligible for Medicare. If a person chooses not to sign up for original Medicare, to comply with the law, they must have insurance through: their employer, their spouse's employer, a private health plan or a Medicare Advantage plan.
The ACA warns that a Medicare Plan B alone is not sufficient coverage to comply with the law; however Medicare Part A alone is sufficient. In addition, the ACA includes changes to Medicare-related policies that regulate insurance companies and different aspects of Medicare's benefits.
Furthermore, it is expected that plans, coverage areas and costs will vary, adapt and change from year to year, as the more competitive insurance marketplace environment hopefully comes to fruition. As the ACA moves towards full implementation, you may need and want to change policies for a better, more competitively priced plan.
Some people are already seeing a changing landscape of insurance premium coverage and pricing due to the ACA's new regulations and requirements. Comparing your plan each year is the best way to be certain you are getting the best possible coverage.
Obviously, it is reasonable to believe that your healthcare needs are likely to change over the years, too. This may be due to a change in the status of your health, which may make it possible to switch to a plan with less or more coverage or financial parameters than you currently have.
Another reason may be as simple as a need for changes in your prescription drug coverage. Insurance companies offer different prescription drug plans that cover certain medications on one plan, but not on the others. These companies also frequently change which ones they offer under particular plans.
If you are taking certain medications, be sure to monitor your prescription drug coverage carefully each year and compare cost and coverage with original Medicare Part D, as mentioned above. Your prescription drug plan may have made changes. Or, your medications are no longer covered or the cost has risen too much for your budget. Regardless, you may want to switch plans or return to Medicare Part D.
Other situational reasons might be that you were not taking any medication when you enrolled in Medicare and opted for minimal prescription drug coverage, but now find that coverage inadequate. Or, perhaps you may need to make a change in plans because the medications you currently are taking are no longer covered under your plan.
It could also be that you are now required to take a new medication that's not covered by your plan for a short span of time (a prescribed number of years' drug therapy). Or, you may begin taking a medication or medications for which you may be required to take for the rest of your life, but are not covered by your current plan.
At the end of the day, the reason you may want or need to change your prescription drug plan isn't that important. No, it's the fact that you have the ability to switch without fear of penalty that really matters.
Medicare Plan Finder – This is a federal government assistance tool. You can find and compare Original Medicare coverage to Medicare health, prescription and drug plans and Medigap plans. Go to: https://www.medicare.gov/find-a-plan/.
Again, if you're considering enrolling in Original Medicare, you may want to visit your local SSA office for more information.
Or, if you're interested in purchasing a Medicare Advantage, Part D or a Supplement plan, we invite you to shop with us, at HealthNetwork.com.


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Regioselective Ribosylation of Nucleobases
The exact way life developed from non-living matter on Earth (abiogenesis) is not known in its entirety. There are hypotheses that could explain how pre-life chemical reactions gave rise to the compounds needed for the development of life. The RNA world, for example, is a hypothetical stage in the development of life based on self-replicating RNA molecules (before the evolution of DNA and proteins). However, the direct formation of a glycosidic bond between ribose and a nucleobase in RNA is challenging—sometimes called the "nucleosidation problem". This is due to the low nucleophilicity at the respective positions of the nucleobases: N9 in purine bases (example pictured) and N1 in pyrimidine bases.
Xiao Wang, Nanjing University, China, and colleagues have investigated the potential role of titanium minerals in nucleosidation reactions on early Earth. The team discovered a regioselective titanium-catalyzed ribosylation method for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidine ribonucleosides. They found that titanium minerals such as rutile, anatase, and perovskites can allow for N9 selectivity in the generation of purine nucleosides. The same conditions can be used to realize the ribosylation of pyrimidines. The reactions between ribose and the respective nucleobases were performed using multiple wet/dry cycles to simulate the conditions on early Earth. N9-ribosylated adenine, for example, could be obtained in up to 14 % yield.
The work provides evidence for the possibility that ribonucleosides could be obtained directly and regioselectively from ribose and nucleobases. According to the researchers, this could provide useful insights into the long-standing nucleosidation problem in the chemical origin of life.
Regioselective ribonucleoside synthesis through Ti-catalysed ribosylation of nucleobases,
Qian-Qian Chen, Ze-Run Zhao, Yeersen Patehebieke, Xiao Wang,
Nat. Synth. 2023.
GRKRaj January 19, 2023 at 4:33 pm
It is a great development, like to read more about the origin of life molecules.
Angewandte Chemie 5/2023: Clean Up
Angewandte Chemie 4/2023: Strong Interactions
BioOrganic

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


It has been a while since I updated my status. Forgive me for the delay, but I was waiting for more solid information. Before that comes all things usually remain the same one-day after another. However, I am blessed to say that at this point change has come and the news is good. We have been down a long road and we still have a ways to go, but we are ready to begin the last phase.
I have been placed on the transplant list, and with the conditions that I have I am placed in a high category. In fact, since there is no one in category 1, that means those in category 2 are at the top of the list. There is only one person in this category and that would be me. So that translates to me being at the top of the list with no one ahead of me. All of my numbers associated with blood and kidneys are very good. I am stable and waiting. So in every way I am ready when the Lord wills and a heart comes available.
I know an innumerable amount of prayers have been offered and continue to be offered. For this I am grateful and request that these prayers continue.
As far as the school is concerned things are good and moving right along. We have added another full time faculty member. Brother Logan Summers, who was teaching part time has been added to the SWSBS family. Finals are completed and now the students have a well-deserved week's rest. The second quarter begins November 5 and we ask that you remember our students in your prayers.
Brother Cody Kilgore is a wraparound student and has finished his time at SWSBS and is heading to Chicago to fill an one-year intern position after which he will be looking for a congregation to work with full time. The congregation in Chicago is only able to provide a portion of Cody's support for this one-year and he has the task of raising the rest. At this time Cody still needs to raise approximately $1500 to 1700 a month. Cody is a good man and did well while here in school. If you are willing and able to support Cody please know any amount will be helpful. You can contact the school concerning your desire and we will give you the needed information to contact Cody. Also if, in the future, approximately nine to twelve months, you hear of a congregation looking for a good young man to labor with them, I know Cody would appreciate hearing about it.
We are grateful for our Alumni and other supporters of the school. Our prayers are with you and offered often. We bid you Godspeed and may our Lord Jesus Christ richly bless you in your work. Until next time we encourage you to know Jesus and make Him known.
The school attended the Lubbock Lectures this year and enjoyed the fellowship and hospitality of the Southeast congregation on Quaker St. This year's theme was Jesus Christ.
I know it has been a while since our last update, but there was not much change or clarity concerning direction. However, that has changed today.
They have finally brought me down to my "dry" weight, which is approximately 174 lbs. This, now, allows them to begin taking me off IV medication. They must do this slowly as they wean me off.
If this is successful, then I will be heading home to wait to be put on a transplant list. That will be approximately 4 months, which will total 6 months of recovery after surgery. Then it's just wait until a heart is found.
I want to express gratitude for all of your prayers, and request continued prayers. May our God be glorified in all we do. I bid you Godspeed in your work.
The 2018 school year is in full swing. Monday and Tuesday were busy with orientation. Wednesday was our first day of classes.
We have a great class of 1st year students. Our 2nd year class is as strong as ever. Scout Betz was absent today because his wife is expecting to deliver their first child. Please pray for them.
We also want to thank you for your continued interest and prayers for our director, Don Walker. He is still in the hospital making progress, but not without the challenges that accompany the kind of procedure he endured and that comprise the recovery characteristic of such surgery.
We are celebrating our 40th Anniversary this year. It is finals week. Term papers are being handed in, tests being taken, and sermons preached. The Graduation Banquet is this Friday, and Sunday evening after services we will conduct the Graduation Ceremony. Luke Norman, Baldomero Lagua, and Dakota Kilgore are our graduates. Brother Kilgore is a wrap around student, which means he will be with us one more quarter.
Carl McCann will be our guest speaker, preaching both services on Sunday and teaching our Bible class in the morning.
Continue to pray for brother Don Walker. We will provide an update on him soon.
A group of young people have travelled to be with us that has made this year's academy a pleasure to be a part of. Mike and Joann Parks provided tickets for the entire group to attend the Round Rock Express Baseball game last night. We had great seats and enjoyed our time together. Thanks, Mike and Joann.
As I type this update, Servants Academy is in full swing at SWSBS. We have 27 young men and women who want to increase in their knowledge of God's Word and be better suited to serve Him in His kingdom. We are always excited with such prospects and hope they continue with such zeal, and as they grow older they choose to pursue their goals by attending the SWSBS for a two-year study of God's Word. I appreciate Clay Bond, Steven Lloyd and Cody Westbrook for taking the yeomen's task and stepping up magnificently during Servant's Academy. I have heard that things have gone off without a hitch thus far. I am also grateful to the three mentioned above along with Wayne Jones for taking my four fourth quarter classes. I am confident they all are doing a great job.
Now to the update of my situation: The board met yesterday, June 26 and determined that because of my high lung pressures I do not, at this time, qualify for a heart transplant. So the planned course of action is to go with an LVAD, which is a heart pump. It will do the work of the heart and should relieve all of my "weak heart" issues. They say in two or three weeks the other organs should be responding to the stronger "heart" and fluid retention, high pressures and everything associated with the weak heart should come back to normal. In all honesty, for all practical purposes it does not change anything. Since all of my issues are heart related, when they get the heart pump in place everything else should fall in line and I will then qualify for a transplant. Even if I did qualify now, it would take 6 months before I could even consider the transplant as I recovered from the LVAD surgery. So the news is not as negative as it may appear. There is however, a big plus—with it being determined and labeled this way, I will be able to transfer back to Austin to have the LVAD surgery. I will be able to recover in my own house and will not need to set up housing here in Houston for three months.
At this moment, my doctor in Austin has accepted me back and we are waiting for the insurance to confirm coverage if done in Austin. That should be just a matter of paper work. Therefore, I could be transported as early as this afternoon or tomorrow depending on whether Seton Main has a bed for me.
Thank you everyone for the cards, calls and especially the prayers. I know I have fallen woefully behind in thank you letters and correspondences. Please do not think it is because of a lack of appreciation. Nothing could be further from the truth. The prayers are appreciated most of all at this time. I know God is in control and will bring about that which is best if we will bend our will to His. My prayer and hope in all of this is that our God is exalted, His name extolled and great praise for His glorious grace is presented before the throne of glory. Ultimately, our prayer and desire is that His will be done.


text:
Q: Remove top header of Shiny application deployed on ShinyApps I have deployed an application on ShinyApps, but my application has an extra header when deployed.
The header looks like this:

However, I would like to remove this header when the application is deployed. Is it possible to do this? I am using a sample shiny web application from the tutorials.
server.R:
library(shiny)

# Rely on the 'WorldPhones' dataset in the datasets
# package (which generally comes preloaded).
library(datasets)

# Define a server for the Shiny app
shinyServer(function(input, output) {

  # Fill in the spot we created for a plot
  output$phonePlot <- renderPlot({

    # Render a barplot
    barplot(WorldPhones[,input$region]*1000,
            main=input$region,
            ylab="Number of Telephones",
            xlab="Year")
  })
})

ui.R:
library(shiny)

# Rely on the 'WorldPhones' dataset in the datasets
# package (which generally comes preloaded).
library(datasets)

# Define the overall UI
shinyUI(

  # Use a fluid Bootstrap layout
  fluidPage(

    # Give the page a title
    titlePanel("Telephones by region"),

    # Generate a row with a sidebar
    sidebarLayout(

      # Define the sidebar with one input
      sidebarPanel(
        selectInput("region", "Region:",
                    choices=colnames(WorldPhones)),
        hr(),
        helpText("Data from AT&T (1961) The World's Telephones.")
      ),

      # Create a spot for the barplot
      mainPanel(
        plotOutput("phonePlot")
      )

    )
  )
)

A: You're not supposed to do that. If you use a paid version of shinyapps.io then you won't have this bar, but if you're using the free version they add it as advertising because they do need to make some money somehow.
(It is possible to remove it, but I really like RStudio and all their work so I don't want to promote ways to make them lose business, sorry...)
If you look at the different plans and pricing options, it clearly says that the free version includes their logo branding

A: If you want to remove it then you have to pay for it, it's added on the server side. Your other option is to set up a shiny server with Digital Ocean https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-set-up-shiny-server-on-ubuntu-14-04

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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#3018, aired 1997-10-15 Peter Scott vs. Ted Kreps vs. Trish Thompson Peter Scott game 3.
#3017, aired 1997-10-14 Peter Scott vs. Valerie Porter vs. Jay Marx Peter Scott game 2.
#3016, aired 1997-10-13 Doug Kornreich vs. Lindley Henson vs. Peter Scott Peter Scott game 1.
#2998, aired 1997-09-17 Pam Mifflin vs. Elizabeth Salinas vs. Deb Abbey Pam Mifflin game 4.
#2997, aired 1997-09-16 Pam Mifflin vs. Lisa Doak vs. John Carroll Pam Mifflin game 3.
#2996, aired 1997-09-15 Pam Mifflin vs. Margaret Walsh vs. Carl Bryant Pam Mifflin game 2.
#2995, aired 1997-09-12 Pam Mifflin vs. Pablo del Real vs. Vartan Merjanian Pam Mifflin game 1.
#2994, aired 1997-09-11 Fred Ramen vs. Karen Douglas vs. Scott Davidson Fred Ramen game 5.
#2993, aired 1997-09-10 Fred Ramen vs. Tom Stewart vs. Gina Ruttle Fred Ramen game 4.
#2991, aired 1997-09-08 Shawn Askew vs. Fred Ramen vs. Courtney Caudill Fred Ramen game 2.
#2990, aired 1997-09-05 Shawn Askew vs. Cathi Pedersen vs. Fred Ramen Fred Ramen game 1.
#2989, aired 1997-09-04 Dan Melia vs. Barbara Findley vs. Hap Erstein Dan Melia game 5.
#2988, aired 1997-09-03 Dan Melia vs. Beth Reardon vs. Wayne Weil Dan Melia game 4.
#2987, aired 1997-09-02 Dan Melia vs. Atish Choudhury vs. Karen Rhodes Dan Melia game 3.


text:
Q: Problems with initializing Square iframes in Angular 6 form I'm having a problem with loading Square iframes to my form. When I navigate from navbar to payment form iframes are not loading in my inputs fields. The only way to load them is to hit refresh of my payment form. Here is my payment.ts:
import { Component, OnInit, Input, EventEmitter, AfterViewInit } from '@angular/core';
import {AppService} from '../app.service';

declare var SqPaymentForm: any;

@Component({
  selector: 'app-payment',
  templateUrl: './payment.component.html',
  styleUrls: ['./payment.component.css']
})
export class PaymentComponent implements OnInit, AfterViewInit  {

  constructor(private appService: AppService) { }
  paymentForm: any ;
  ngOnInit() {
   this.squarePaymentFunction();
  }
  ngAfterViewInit(): void  {}

  squarePaymentFunction() {
    let vm;
    vm = this;
    // this.calculatePayment();
    const applicationId = '********';

    // Set the location ID
    const locationId = '*********';
    this.paymentForm = new SqPaymentForm({

      // Initialize the payment form elements
      applicationId: applicationId,
      locationId: locationId,
      inputClass: 'sq-input',

      // Customize the CSS for SqPaymentForm iframe elements
      inputStyles: [{
        fontSize: '.9em'
      }],

      // Initialize the credit card placeholders
      cardNumber: {
        elementId: 'sq-card-number',
        placeholder: '•••• •••• •••• ••••'
      },
      cvv: {
        elementId: 'sq-cvv',
        placeholder: 'CVV'
      },
      expirationDate: {
        elementId: 'sq-expiration-date',
        placeholder: 'MM/YY'
      },
      postalCode: {
        elementId: 'sq-postal-code'
      },
      // SqPaymentForm callback functions
      callbacks: {

        /*
         * callback function: methodsSupported
         * Triggered when: the page is loaded.
         */
        methodsSupported: function (methods) {
        },

        /*
         * callback function: createPaymentRequest
         * Triggered when: a digital wallet payment button is clicked.
         */
        createPaymentRequest: function () {

          let paymentRequestJson;
          return paymentRequestJson;

        },

        /*
         * callback function: cardNonceResponseReceived
         * Triggered when: SqPaymentForm completes a card nonce request
         */
        cardNonceResponseReceived: function (errors, nonce, cardData)  {
          if (errors) {
            // Log errors from nonce generation to the Javascript console
            console.log('Encountered errors:');
            errors.forEach(function(error) {
              console.log('  ' + error.message);
            });

            return;
          }

          alert('Nonce received: ' + nonce); /* FOR TESTING ONLY */

          // Assign the nonce value to the hidden form field
          // document.getElementById('card-nonce').value = nonce;
          // needs to be extracted from the
          (<HTMLInputElement>document.getElementById('card-nonce')).value = nonce; // casting so .value will work

          let amount = (<HTMLInputElement>document.getElementById('amountToPay')).value;

          // POST the nonce form to the payment processing page
          // (<HTMLFormElement>document.getElementById('nonce-form')).submit();
          vm.sendSqPayment({'nonce': nonce, 'amountToPay': amount});
        },

        /*
         * callback function: unsupportedBrowserDetected
         * Triggered when: the page loads and an unsupported browser is detected
         */
        unsupportedBrowserDetected: function() {
          alert('Your browser seems to be unsupported for card processing. Please try a different browser.');
        },

        /*
         * callback function: inputEventReceived
         * Triggered when: visitors interact with SqPaymentForm iframe elements.
         */
        inputEventReceived: function(inputEvent) {
          switch (inputEvent.eventType) {
            case 'focusClassAdded':
              /* HANDLE AS DESIRED */
              break;
            case 'focusClassRemoved':
              /* HANDLE AS DESIRED */
              break;
            case 'errorClassAdded':
              document.getElementById('error').innerHTML = 'Please fix card information errors before continuing.';
              /* HANDLE AS DESIRED */
              break;
            case 'errorClassRemoved':
              document.getElementById('error').style.display = 'none';
              /* HANDLE AS DESIRED */
              break;
            case 'cardBrandChanged':
              /* HANDLE AS DESIRED */
              break;
            case 'postalCodeChanged':
              /* HANDLE AS DESIRED */
              break;
          }
        },

        /*
         * callback function: paymentFormLoaded
         * Triggered when: SqPaymentForm is fully loaded
         */
        paymentFormLoaded: function() {
          /* HANDLE AS DESIRED */
          console.log('The form loaded!');
        }
      }
    });
  }

  requestCardNonce(event) {

    // Request a nonce from the SqPaymentForm object
    this.paymentForm.requestCardNonce();
  }
  sendSqPayment(data) {
    this.appService.sendPayment(data).subscribe((data) => {
        if (data.success) {
          console.log('Data success');
        }
        // console.log('data', data);
      },
    );
  }
}

I have setup routing in my app.routing.ts using Routes and RouterModlue

A: First set autobuild to false
squarePaymentFunction() {
    let vm;
    vm = this;

    this.paymentForm = new SqPaymentForm({

      // Initialize the payment form elements
      applicationId: applicationId,
      locationId: locationId,
      inputClass: 'sq-input',
      autoBuild : false,
)};

Then I created a local variable and set to false
formLoaded: boolean =  false;

Next, I created a function to checked if a form is built and add it to ngOnInit():
loadPaymentForm() {
    if (this.formLoaded === false) {
      this.paymentForm.build();
      this.formLoaded = true;
    }
}

And the last step it was to add it my function to input fields
<input id="property_name" formControlName="property_name"  (focus)="loadPaymentForm()" (input)="checkInputError()" type="text" class="form-control" name="property_name" required/>

This is not the best way but it is working.


text:
VPNpro ❯ The VPNpro Blog ❯ Who is dominating the rising VPN market right now? Here are the numbers
Who is dominating the rising VPN market right now? Here are the numbers
Jan Youngren | Security researcher
The consumer VPN market is a challenging one, with many players vying to be the top of the lucrative data privacy and security pyramid. According to a recent report by Global Market Insights, the VPN market is set to hit $54 billion by 2024.
Certainly, this number will be boosted by the increase in coverage of cybersecurity threats, Facebook data scandals, and much more. In fact, 2019 has already been rocked by news of Germany's possibly largest (and highest-reaching) data breach on record.
According to the report, the growth is also aided by increases in mobile usage and IoT devices. Couple that with more accessible pricing by competitors, and it appears that VPNs are shifting away from a business-only or exclusively tech-savvy market to something that's being adopted in wider use.
The Asia Pacific region is predicted to have the highest growth – 20% through 2024. Europe, the US, and other mature markets are still expected to hold the majority share in terms of revenue.
The most important takeaways
This is what we found after taking an in-depth look at the top 100 VPN providers:
NordVPN is the VPN with the best market share based on brand recognition and awareness, high-intent keywords, momentum, and other metrics. Their current marketing strategy has placed them squarely in the #1 position
ExpressVPN has more than twice as many monthly website visitors as NordVPN, although NordVPN has about 60% more organic traffic per month.
PureVPN and PIA need to work harder on their marketing strategy to be considered serious contenders, while CyberGhost has really stepped up their game to become strong competition
The free VPNs (Hotspot and TunnelBear) have good metrics, but essentially these are less significant since a majority of their users pay no money at all
Older VPNs, such as HMA and VyprVPN, are performing worse compared to the top VPNs. VyprVPN especially seems to be stagnant, as they are on a flat or possibly downward slope
To understand how we reached these conclusions, continue reading below.
The 10 main players
The question we want to answer is: which VPN is dominating the market at the moment? Well, if you look around at the software review sites around the internet, you'll find a lot of varying opinions. At the moment, most will list NordVPN, ExpressVPN or even PureVPN as their #1 picks.
However, we understand how the game is played, and oftentimes money, sponsorship, affiliate commissions, and straightforward pay-to-rank schemes can muddy the waters. That's why it's hard to really find out which is the most popular VPN based on scanning review sites alone.
For that reason, we're going to be looking at the 10 most popular VPNs currently on the market and see how they're performing in a holistic way. The 10 VPNs are:
In order to analyze them, we'll be looking at:
how many people are actually searching for them
what kind of momentum they have by looking at the increase in searches and servers
how strong they are on social media
their number of installs and ratings on the Google Play and Apple App Store
their monthly estimated website visitors, organic traffic and organic traffic value
What we hope to find out at the end of this analysis is how popular these VPN providers actually are. For each section, we'll crown the winner of the particular area. That way, we can crown the one VPN that stands out as being the most popular, the most visible, and the most engaging VPN provider on the market today.
Because we're going with the 10 most popular VPNs, we had to eliminate a lot of VPNs that we feel are really great, but haven't really gained a strong foothold yet. These VPNs include:
Astrill VPN
Ivacy
Perfect Privacy
With that out of the way, let's look at how the top 10 most popular VPNs perform according to our five crucial criteria.
The most popular VPN by keyword search
In this first part, we're going to be looking at VPN popularity by search term in two ways. The first is by looking at how many branded searches (searches using the brand's name) there are each month.
Secondly, we'll be looking at which VPN provider ranks highest for high-intent, but unbranded, search terms, such as "best vpn," "vpn for pc," etc. We'll do this for 5 countries, as the rankings can change from country to country.
VPN popularity by branded searches
We're using the keyword research tool found in the Ahrefs suite to look at monthly keyword volumes for the popular VPN brands.
The analysis will look at 3 terms for each brand:
the official brand name (such as "nordvpn")
a commonly misspelled or spaced variation (such as "nord vpn") or shortened (such as "hma" or "pia")
a higher-intent keyword, usually the brand name plus "review" (such as "nordvpn review")
We'll look at the global search volume as well as the US search volume for each term.
The logic behind using search terms
The reason we're checking each brand's search terms is that they estimate how many searches are being performed each month for a particular keyword or phrase. We can estimate that each search represents a person searching for that term.
Therefore, if there are 1,000 monthly searches for "pizza with pineapple," we can assume that there are about 1,000 people who make very bad decisions every month.
With this information, we can then say that if a VPN brand has the most searches per month, then they have the most people searching for them per month, which means they are the most popular VPN by search engine.
You can find last year's results here.
As you can see above, NordVPN has the most searches per month for their 3 branded search terms, as well as the most from the US. Last year, Hotspot Shield had the most searches per month, but NordVPN has dominated that as well for the 2019-2020 period.
ExpressVPN is now in second place, with Hotspot Shield having fallen in the past year. It has a combined 1,129,000 monthly searches and about ⅓ of that is from the US market. While NordVPN leads in absolute numbers for both the global and lucrative US markets, when you look at how much of their monthly searches are from the US, NordVPN is bested by Private Internet Access (61% of searches from US), IPVanish (57%), and VyprVPN (52%), while Nord has 40%.
This is fairly logical, since both PIA and IPVanish are US-based. For a non-US provider, NordVPN does particularly well with their US presence. Even then, based on these 3 terms, we can see that NordVPN still has the most US-based searches of all these providers, and the biggest overall.
The flip-side of that is PureVPN, which only has 268,000 searches worldwide, and a mere 83,800 coming from the US.
Branded search term conclusions
Since we've drawn a correlation between the number of monthly branded searches performed for a particular VPN and how popular that VPN is in reality, we can assume that NordVPN is probably the most popular VPN brand at the moment.
We can assume that NordVPN is probably the most popular VPN brand at the moment.
At the least, we can safely say that it's the most searched-for VPN brand in the market today. Beyond that, it has the highest number of US searches than any other brand, which is the most lucrative region for the VPN industry.
VPN popularity by country for high-intent keywords
We're going to take a look at the biggest, most lucrative countries for VPN services and see which VPN providers rank higher for high-intent keywords.
The logic behind checking high-intent keywords by country
Google's search results have grown more complex as their algorithm improves. Search results are now based on a combination of factors, including past user searches and location.
For that reason, we wanted to check the highest-intent VPN keywords to see which VPN providers rank the highest. It's important to note that we're not looking for results in the first position or even on the first page necessarily.
Those are usually dominated by VPN review and tech sites for such great keywords as "best vpn." Instead, we're looking for which VPN shows up first for any given keyword, which can provide valuable insight into how popular they are in the given location.
We'll be looking at not just the lucrative US market, but also Russia, the UK, Australia and the emerging Turkish market.
Keyword/ Country USA Russia UK Australia Turkey
best vpn NordVPN ExpressVPN NordVPN ExpressVPN ExpressVPN
free vpn NordVPN Hotspot Shield NordVPN NordVPN NordVPN
vpn for pc NordVPN NordVPN NordVPN NordVPN NordVPN
vpn for mac NordVPN NordVPN NordVPN NordVPN NordVPN
vpn for android ExpressVPN NordVPN ExpressVPN NordVPN NordVPN
If this were the finals in the NBA playoffs, we'd probably call this a blowout for NordVPN, which pretty much dominates here in the sample countries. Last year, there was a bit of a battle with ExpressVPN, but NordVPN's marketing team seems to have really stepped up their game.
For "best vpn," ExpressVPN wins in 3 of the 5 countries, while NordVPN takes up the rest. But NordVPN absolutely dominates the other keywords, even though it doesn't offer any free plans.
Country-specific VPN search term conclusions
The field is a lot narrower, and it comes down to ExpressVPN vs. NordVPN. However, over the last year, NordVPN's team has really improved their techniques, and NordVPN is now the clear winner.
NordVPN's team has really improved their techniques, and NordVPN is now the clear winner.
The VPN with the biggest momentum
We're looking at momentum in two ways. The first is front-facing, by using Google Trends to see by how much searches for a provider's main branded keyword ("nordvpn," not "nord vpn") have increased or decreased over the last year.
Secondly, we'll look at the pace at which each provider's servers have grown.
The biggest VPN Google Trend
We'll use Google Trends to see which brands have grown in their own branded keyword relative to the other brands.
The logic behind using Google Trends for momentum
The main thing we'll be looking at here is comparing a VPN's momentum to its other competitors' so that you can see how it fares in the market in general. By putting all the brands on the same trend graph, we can make some good conclusions.
The leader again is NordVPN. In the past year, they were able to overtake the free giant Hotspot Shield, at least in terms of Google Trends.
You can find last year's trends chart here.
This is very similar to last year, where Hotspot had a huge spike in interest around May , but it was quickly overtaken by our current trend-setter NordVPN. ExpressVPN's interest, relative to these 2 other giants, seems to have increased only slightly, which is about the same as last year.
Other brands, however, have either had flat interest or lost interest as time goes on. This kind of trend doesn't really bode well, as the interest in a brand (by which we mean brand awareness) is a strong indicator of future success.
VPN brands' Google Trends conclusions
From these trends, we can safely assume that NordVPN will continue its brand awareness assault for the third year of our analysis. After all, it's one of the few VPN brands that have TV commercials. ExpressVPN also seems to be on the upward trend, though not at the intensity of their arch-rival.
NordVPN is the clear winner and will probably continue its brand awareness assault for the third year of our analysis.
Hotspot Shield lost a lot of steam in the second half of the year, leveling out in the last few weeks. It will be interesting to see if they gain back their composure.
As for the other brands, it is possible that the flat interest will continue on into 2020.
Change in server counts
We're going to be looking at server counts for the last 3 years for each VPN brand. We'll be using the Internet Archive's Wayback Machine to do this. We'll select the date closest to the end of the year for which a web page is available in the Wayback Machine (that could either be the last month or, in some cases, the middle of the year).
Hotspot Shield and TunnelBear don't offer their number of servers. For some reason, Private Internet Access has blocked access to the Wayback Machine. We were able to find server counts for PIA and Hotspot, but not for TunnelBear.
The logic behind using server count for momentum
Here, we want to check the server growth to determine company growth.
After all, the connection is pretty clear: if they have more customers, they'll need more servers to serve those customers. If their server count is growing rapidly, it's likely their user base is growing rapidly. And, alternatively, if it's stagnant or decreasing, then their user base is similarly stagnant or decreasing.
VPN provider/Year 2017 2018 2019 % increase
NordVPN 1103 5079 5451 394.20%
ExpressVPN 1500 2000 3000 100%
Hotspot Shield 200 2500 3200 1500%
Private Internet Access (PIA) 3000 3180 3325 10.83%
HideMyAss 760 880 907 -19.34%
TunnelBear N/A N/A N/A N/A
IPvanish 950 1100 1300 36.84%
CyberGhost 1305 3134 5900 352.11%
VyprVPN 700 700 700 0.00%
PureVPN 750 2000 2000 166.67%
There are two important things to note here: the number of servers offered at the end of 2019, and the change in number of servers (from beginning to end). For the first number – the absolute value – we can see that CyberGhost has the most amount of servers, at 5,900, knocking NordVPN down from its throne claimed last year. VyprVPN is the lowest, at 700+ servers — the absolute same number of servers as last year.
But more interesting is the % change in server count. While Hotspot Shield has only 3,200+ servers at the moment, they started with only 200 at the end of 2016. That represents a 1,500% increase. NordVPN is second with a 394% increase, and PureVPN and CyberGhost have good increases as well.
Surprisingly, VyprVPN continues to have a flat 0% growth from 2017-2019. In fact, looking back to the furthest available date on the Wayback Machine, we can see that it's been promoting its 700+ servers since 2013!
Interesting, to say the least.
VPN server count conclusions
In absolute terms, CyberGhost is now the best when it comes to server count. Their 5,900 is almost twice that of ExpressVPN's 3,000 servers.
CyberGhost is the clear winner in our analysis this year when it comes to server count.
Hotspot Shield's growth is amazing (+1500% over two years), but is less impressive in comparison to CyberGhost's present numbers and overall growth. Nonetheless, it seems that PureVPN, NordVPN and ExpressVPN are doing quite well in terms of growth, while PIA, HideMyAss and IPVanish are still not doing very well.
However, VyprVPN's stagnation is an issue that might need further investigation. What does it mean when a VPN provider hasn't added to their server count in over 6 years, and counting?
One of two things:
The number isn't reflective of reality, and they've just been using it as a marketing tactic. That's bad on their part for misleading the customers.
The other possibility is that it's real and they haven't had a need to grow their server count. That could be because they haven't had the large user growth – over 6+ years – to warrant needing more servers. That's probably bad for their revenue growth.
The VPN with the best social media presence
We are looking at each VPN's Facebook, Twitter and YouTube average views to determine their social media presence and popularity.
The logic behind using social media presence
We're looking here at each of our brands' entire marketing strategy and how that strategy is working. Now, we're only looking at the big ones: Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube. Of the first two, Facebook is more important for engagement, while Twitter seems to act as just a news-sharing tool.
YouTube helps us see how interested people are in the brand's video content, as well as how much emphasis the VPN brand is placing on video marketing.
First of all, it may seem a bit strange that any VPN provider would have a particularly large social media following. After all, let's be honest: VPNs aren't very sexy. They're technical, a bit harder to understand, and consumers generally need to be educated on their need and usage in order to appreciate them.
However, as we can see from the image below, some of the VPN brands are doing quite well on Facebook.
The top 3 VPNs in terms of Facebook fans are Hotspot Shield (4.1 million), Private Internet Access (1 million) and NordVPN (114,000).
The others hover between 30,000-70,000, with VyprVPN having the lowest at just 13,000 fans. This is surprising – or telling – seeing as Golden Frog's VyprVPN is actually one of the older VPN providers here. These numbers haven't changed substantially from our initial analysis last year.
When analyzing the average engagement in each brand's 5 most recent Facebook posts, however, we noticed that there was something a bit strange with PIA's page. Although they have 1 million Facebook fans, they have only about 10 interactions (likes, comments and shares) on each post. Hostspot Shield, with 4 times as many fans, averages 10 times the interactions (98 per post), while NordVPN – which has 10 times fewer fans – has 140 interactions per post on average.
There isn't much to say about Twitter here as far as engagement is concerned:
However, you can see that generally everything is similar as with Facebook with the exception of TunnelBear, which has the strongest presence on Twitter.
We checked the average views of the 5 most popular videos on a brand's YouTube channel (these do not include sponsored posts). This is what we discovered:
As far as enjoyment of the brands' videos, we see that NordVPN's YouTube channel has lost some big-number videos. Whereas last year they had 1.3 million average views (based on the 5 most popular videos), this year they're only averaging a bit more than 400,000 views on average. This time, ExpressVPN is topping them, with a whopping 5.2 million views on average — did NordVPN and ExpressVPN's YouTube channels switch bodies?
In perhaps a similar turn of events, IPVanish went from 512,000 average views last year, to an amazing 2.6 million average views this year, helping it to claim this year's second place.
Hotspot Shield is a distant third with 1.3 million average views on average.
Social media conclusions
Hotspot Shield and PIA are far and away leaders when it comes to Facebook, with PIA also faring quite well on Twitter.
When it comes to YouTube, we've written before how impressed we were with NordVPN's viral video marketing tactics, and last year they earned our praise. But for the 2019-2020 period, they seem to have placed less emphasis on their own channel's welfare – and seem to have lost some big-number videos.
ExpressVPN seems to have done the opposite, with a 660% increase, only to be rivaled by IPVanish's 516% increase. However, in third place is Hotspot Shield.
Because they were able to place for all three measurements, we feel safe once again giving the best social presence award to Hotspot Shield.
For the second year running, Hotspot Shield has the best social presence of all the VPNs listed here.
App installs and ratings
We're looking at VPN apps on the US Google Play and Apple App Store in terms of installs and their average ratings.
The logic behind using app installs and ratings
This gives us insight into how many users have installed mobile clients for any particular VPN provider. We can make a safe assumption that the more users a VPN has, the more mobile installs they'll also have.
Therefore, by looking the install numbers, we can see which VPN brand may have more users and therefore be more popular.
When it comes to Android clients on the Google Play store, we see that while Hotspot Shield had (unsurprisingly, because it's free) the highest number of installs with 1 million, they now only have 152,000 installs. The VPN with the highest number of Play installs is now NordVPN, with more than 893,000 installs according to SimilarWeb.
The second most downloaded VPN is, surprisingly, not the free VPN TunnelBear, but actually CyberGhost with about 328,000 installs, while ExpressVPN comes in third (just like last year) with 315,000. In fact, TunnelBear is beaten by not just NordVPN, CyberGhost and ExpressVPN, but also IPVanish.
Ratings-wise, HideMyAss was able to get a 4.6 average rating, while NordVPN and TunnelBear both have 4.4 ratings. The worst rating goes to PureVPN, which gets a 3.5 on average.
The lowest installs go to PureVPN, with only 11,300 and VyprVPN, with only 7,200.
On the App Store, we see immediately that PurePN and VyprVPN both have zero installs.
Beyond that, the most popular VPN on the App Store is CyberGhost, which had a 10-fold increase from last year — from 22,600 in last year's analysis to 239,000 this time. In second place is Hotspot Shield, then comes NordVPN with ExpressVPN in 4th place.
Surprisingly, all the apps have the same 4.5 rating on this platform, with the exception of PureVPN which has a 3.5 rating.
App install conclusions
NordVPN has the best installs on Google Play, while CyberGhost wins for Apple's Appstore. While CyberGhost is 2nd place for the Play store, NordVPN is only 3rd place for the Appstore.
For that reason, we can recognize CyberGhost as having the most app installs for both platforms.
We can recognize CyberGhost as having the most app installs for both Android and iOS.
The VPN with the most valuable website visitors
We're looking at how many estimated monthly visitors each VPN brand's website has. These estimates come from SimilarWeb for December 2018 and Ahrefs.
The logic behind using website visitor numbers
The more popular a brand is, the higher the website visits are, at least for digital services. This is due to the amount of current users and almost-users that are visiting the VPN's domain for various reasons.
Here we see one of the biggest changes compared to last year's analysis: while NordVPN had 20 million monthly visits compared to ExpressVPN's 16.5 million, this time, NordVPN only has 10 million compared to ExpressVPN's 27 million monthly visits.
Again — did they switch bodies? I'm pretty sure this has something to do with the non-scandal NordVPN scandal that we mentioned before, costing NordVPN about 10 million in visitors. At the same time, ExpressVPN stepped up their game and earned about 13 million more monthly visitors.
Besides these giants, the other VPNs fall way behind in terms of numbers. The closest is HideMyAss, which gets roughly 3.5 million visits per month and IPVanish close behind with 2.6 million. (These are much lower than last year's, by the way.) The lowest performer is still VyprVPN, which has only 844,000 million monthly visitors – much lower than last year's 2.2 million.
However, that's only half the picture. We can't really see from these numbers how much monetary value that traffic brings. For that, we'll turn to Ahrefs.
Here we can see Ahref's own estimates for how much organic monthly traffic the VPN domain brings in. Beyond that, it also shows us what the monetary value of that organic traffic is. According to Ahrefs:
"This metric shows the equivalent value of the organic search traffic, should that traffic have been acquired via Google AdWords."
Using that, we can get a fair understanding of each VPN's success in not just bringing traffic, but also valuable traffic.
As we see from the results, again in a switch from last year, NordVPN now dominates – in stark disagreement with SimilarWeb's stats. NordVPN's monthly organic traffic value is estimated at $3.3 million, whereas the #2 ExpressVPN brings in $2 million. PIA brings in almost half of that, with $1.1. million. None of the other VPN apps have managed to cross the million-dollar mark. This is surprising, seeing as both Hotspot Shield and HMA have organic traffic in the millions.
The worst performer here is – again – VyprVPN which has just 115,000 monthly organic traffic that's valued at $110,000 — even less than last year's $114,000.
VPN website visitors and traffic value conclusions
Of all the other metrics in this article, this one is closest to the pure measurement of success in any market: money.
NordVPN has more organic traffic, and that traffic is also good traffic, so that NordVPN has the highest monthly traffic value of all the others. ExpressVPN is now a close second. However, while ExpressVPN has more overall traffic, they lost the SEO game since NordVPN now has more lucrative keywords in its arsenal than ExpressVPN does.
We can't claim with 100% confidence that NordVPN has more revenue than ExpressVPN, because we can't really see the conversions for this traffic (from browser to buyer). What we can see is that NordVPN does valuable website traffic better than anyone other VPN brand here.
We can clearly state that NordVPN has more valuable website traffic than anyone other VPN brand here.
Conclusions: which VPN has the greater market share?
You're probably aware of how difficult it is to make such a conclusion based on any of these factors alone. Nonetheless, when you put the parts together, you begin to get a picture that may very well be close to reality.
So, what's that picture? Based on these factors, we feel confident in concluding the following:
NordVPN has a current trajectory that we predicted last year would place it in the #1 position. That prediction has now come true. It has gained a lot in some places, and surprisingly lost a lot in other places. However, it still has the most wins overall.
ExpressVPN has greater success in overall traffic. However, while last year they were able to win at least one of these categories, they didn't come on top in anything this time.
While PureVPN is often listed as a contender for the top VPN position in many review sites, from these metrics we can see it has a long way to go to be #1 in any practical sense
Some of the older VPNs, such as HMA and VyprVPN, have not performed very well in the intervening years and their growth is almost flat, which can be dangerous for them going forward
The other VPNs (PIA and CyberGhost) need to do a lot more work if they want to reach the top
VyprVPN seems to be in a very long-term rut, in terms of almost every single metric we've looked at here. That seems quite bad for their business, as an apparent 0% growth rate in an increasingly competitive market doesn't mean many good things.
Overall, we're confident giving the crown for the VPN with the greatest market share (based on publicly available information) to NordVPN. While last year, Hotspot Shield contended with NordVPN for the crown, we can see this year it's pretty much between NordVPN and the out-of-nowhere CyberGhost. Will they continue their rise next year? We'll see.
In the meantime, we can give this year's overall best metrics award to NordVPN – again.
We're giving this year's overall best metrics award to NordVPN – again.
Want all the information in an easy, downloadable format?
Check out our 2018-2019 infographic
What do you think of our in-depth VPN market share analysis? If you're a VPN brand, is there anything we missed? Let us know in the comments below!
Recommended reads:
Jan Youngren
Jan is a cybersecurity and consumer protection specialist focused on investigations that help readers navigate the complex infosecurity sphere. His research and commentary has been featured in Forbes, ComputerWeekly, PC Mag, TechRadar, ZDNet, The Mirror, Entrepreneur, and many other leading publications around the world.
corey April 20, 2020 at 9:41 am
Were interesting research. Quite sad for VyprVPN , and happy for NordVPN. I agree with
downwithfeetopay, Nord has a good marketing strategy. 👍
downwithfeetopay June 4, 2019 at 5:48 am
Makes sense to me that NordVPN has the most market share. They have really good marketing. A lot of gamers use NordVPN just because they've done a really good job at reaching out to gaming influencers.
Tim Godfrey April 19, 2019 at 4:35 pm
Top amongst the best way for any VPN to grow it's market share coverage. The wider the coverage and positive reputation, the more the clientele base. This strategy is a quick boost coupled with cybersecurity threats that will likely encourage the use of VPN for anonymity and security
Betsy Holland March 26, 2019 at 12:58 pm
I'm a newbie VPN user and have used NordVPN for 2 months now. When deciding whether Nord was for me, I used their live chat app and was satisfied with the answers and the thoroughly professional look of the site. I'm not sure if I was talking with a real person or not, but I felt well taken care of.
Susana March 15, 2019 at 10:46 pm
It's interesting to hear how you analyzed this market. A very good read indeed. Overall I think NordVPN is the better option but for particular things one could prefer ExpressVPN or PureVPN depending on what their needs are.
Mavis Donne March 15, 2019 at 2:31 pm
To quote Mr. Spock, "Fascinating." I had no idea where the various VPN's stood next to each other when it comes down to market share. I never heard of Hotspot Shield so I'll have to look into it further. This is a quality article that belongs in a business paper like the Wall Street Journal or a magazine like Forbes.
Shera K March 10, 2019 at 10:27 am
Well that's a very thorough and complete article on the VPN market ! It's really great content. I personally love NordVPN, I've been using it for the past couple of months and I absolutely love it ! I'm not surprised to see it on the top VPNs list.
Edward Toms March 3, 2019 at 12:53 am
This is article is just what I needed for University! Do you mind if I use the information here? I'll mention the website, of course. I'm doing some research on VPNs and I wanted to mention market share, so thank you!
NordVPN announces the NordPass password manager
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One of my first walks in and around Bangor was to the Aber falls, located just a 15 minute drive outside of Bangor near the village of Abergwyngregyn. (Believe me, after a year of living in Wales I still have no idea how to pronounce place names). The falls is located at the end of a short 20 minute walk from the car park. The waterfall is beautifully situated at the end of valley, boasting numerous bronze age sites, and surrounding it on all sides are the mountains that mark the beginning of the great Carneddau Range.
Since coming to this valley it had been my intention to reach these summits via a horseshoe route that took in numerous summits including Drum, Foel Fras, Carnedd Gwenllian and Llwytmor. My first attempt failed miserably as I wound up on the wrong route and ended the day running away from an oncoming rain storm. However on my second attempt I finally found my way…… sort of. I began at the Aber Falls car park, crossing a stone bridge and following the lane straight ahead for a distance until I came across a second car park. From this car park I crossed over a gate and followed the well laid out path that stretched in front of me. At this stage in the walk the going was easy, the path was well laid, there are even sign posts pointing to Drum. The route very much continued like this for an hour, crossing over some of North Wales most rugged landscapes, complete with superb views of Anglesey and Puffin Island.If only it wasn't for the rather distracting electric pylons that seem to stalk the path and scarred my photos.
Eventually the path began to wind upwards at a steady gradient, though it was still enough to make me breathless. As I neared Drum, I became rather worried as I found myself surrounded by a series of small summits that seemed to resemble some giant hump-back sea monster rising out of the grassy slopes.
Anyone of these mountains could have been Drum and the signs that had usefully marked my route had now disappeared. Fortunately I worried needlessly as the path led directly to a wind shelter that marked the top of my first summit of the day, Drum.
After lunch on Drum, I continued onward to the top of Foel Fras, which lay directly ahead of me. At this point the going became much harder as the path practically disappeared, transforming into a muddy moor, occasionally broken by stepping-stones and wooden platforms. In addition my route became much steeper and in truth I began to really struggle as I neared the top. Finally I manged to stumble onto the rocky summit of Foel Fras, my first 3000 footer since I first moved to Bangor. Sadly though my view from the top was largely obscured by a large rain filled cloud heading directly towards me and on top of this I had forgotten it was November, and that on top of being generally cold the sun tended to set much sooner than usual. So with my fingers becoming numb from the cold, a growing lack of light and rain on the way I decided to abandon the rest of my walk and return the way I came. After all perhaps the best thing about mountain walking is understanding your limits and knowing when to turn back.
I headed back to the col between Foel Fras and Drum, but I certainly didn't fancy the long walk back around Drum, and instead decided to simply plow down the mountainside towards Llyn Anafon, which lay directly below me. The route was marshy, dotted with ankle catching holes and hidden streams; but I honestly felt that I had no choice but to follow this route if i wanted to avoid walking for hours in the dark. Reaching Llyn Anafon, a path led directly back to the second car park, passing under the numerous peaks that hours ago I had been walking on top of. In the sunset the mountains glowed a brilliant purple colour and every now and then I would pause just to drink in the silence that surrounded me, all day I hadn't met a single other walker and my day was only disturbed by the gentle trickling of the Anafon. From the second car park it was an easy walk back to along the lane to the Aber Falls, after which I promptly dived into my car and whack on the heaters.
I was disappointed that I was unable to complete the horseshoe route and from the way I struggled at the end demonstrated that I certainly needed to get fitter before attempting another 3000ft mountain.


Chicago's wildly popular Field Museum of Natural History in Lake Shore Drive is home to 'Sue', the largest and most complete Tyrannosaurus Rex fossil ever found. The dinosaur came to rest here after being unearthed in South Dakota when the museum bought her remains for more than $8 million. Sue is just one of the draws to the museum. It offers other marvels like getting a bug's eye view in an underground adventure; descending into an Egyptian tomb; watching a glowing lava flow; and getting up close and personal with the man-eating lions of Tsavo. The museum specialises in interactive and diorama-type exhibits across its nine acres of exhibition space, and is a must-visit for families on holiday in Chicago.
Opening times: 9am-5pm daily, last admission 4pm.
Admission: $24 adults, $17 children 3-11. Various ticket packages and concessions are available.


You Are Here: Home > DIY Forum Home > DIY and Home Improvement Forums > Electrics Forum > 3 Phase consumer unit wiring?
3 Phase consumer unit wiring?
We have a house with three phase incoming power - there are 4 feeds from the EDF switch on the consumer side - 1 neutral and three live. there is 240v between neutral and each of the lives.
One live and the neutral are connected to a modern RCD 10way consumer unit and the house wiring uses three of the ways.
The main switch trips regularly and consultation with EDF elecited the advice that we should be using all three phases - fair enough, I understand the principle of three phase electric and balanced phases.
The bit I'm not sure I understand is 'Do I need a new consumer unit? The installed one has several wiring terminals for incoming lives to the bus bar but that would mean they were all electrically joined together. Do I need a new one to take 3 phase, do they have three bus bars to keep the three phases apart??
I want to understand what I need before thinking about getting quotes.
The Isobar 4 range by merlin gerin part of the schneider-electric group do boards with a central neutral bar and are very suited to 3 phase to single phase use. But in UK we would be very careful on a three phase supply not to have more than one phase in any room although it does not say you must not it does have quite a few rules which with standard UK domestic we would not be bothered about. Although out BS 7671:2008 is designed to make our system similar to the rest of the EU it is not the same and although I have worked in other countries I was not involved with their rules and regulations so I would say you need to go to a French web site and get your advice from French electricians.
don't know for sure if same as in Spain but there it is not unusual to find a 4 pole incoming RCD main switch with a Neutral and 3 live conductors BUT all 3 are connected to same phase!
So if tested to N each gives 230v but testing between cores shows zero not the 400v you would get from a 3 phase supply.
They run from each Live to a number of circuit breakers say 4 each giving a total of 12 circuits, sharing a common N.
They don't bother with busbars merely linking each set of MCB's with a loop of cable.
The reason given by 'Civiana' the Spanish electricity board is they put in 4 cores in case 3 phase is needed but for safety reasons only connect as single phase which is more than adequate for normal households, it's only 'Johnny foreigners' (Brits. & Germans) who use more!
Cable is only 6mm2 including N which would be fine for balanced 3 phase but when linked for single phase puts a heavy load on Neutral.
Don't know if same in France but it might be a good idea to check.
I am trying to find out about fitting a consumer box in spain. I have been told that the mcbs need to be double pole. My problem is I cannot get my head round how these are wired up. Is it because they have 3 phase. What i cannot understand is if you have a double pole ypu are spliting both live and neutral. But in UK all neutrals are joined together.
No idea how things are wired in Spain I think you need to consult a local electrician.
However where a TT system is used the earth could be a very different voltage to neutral and where the ground may become dry there could be problems never seen in UK. So it is likely they use double pole MCB's or RBCO's on a TT supply.
With three phase one may need a 4 pole device.
I have seem so many different systems Algeria had 3 phase 110 volt and Turkey use three phase into flats but only one phase per floor.
So only way is to enquire local.
David51 Hola! TAKE CARE, Spain is quite hot on only allowing licenced electricians to do work there, Civiana will disconnect your supply if not happy, also more than one method of supply exists, various earthing arrangements also.
Try to find 'Manuel - electrasista' buy him a drink and ask questions, it worked for me some years ago!


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China to provide pandas with hospital
DUJIANGYAN, Sichuan, May 4 (Xinhua) — A new specialized center for giant panda rescue and disease prevention broke ground for construction on Wednesday in Dujiangyan City, southwest China's Sichuan Province.
Upon completion, the facility will be the world's only center for disease prevention and control for giant pandas, according to Zhang Hemin, chief of China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda.
Apart from undertaking the mission of rescuing giant pandas living the wild and carrying out research on disease prevention and control for the endangered species, the facility will also provide a comfortable residence for the aged ones, said Zhang.
Located at Shiqiao Village of Qingchengshan Township, Dujiangyan, the facility will cover an area of about 51 hectares and will cost 210 million yuan (about 32.3 million U.S. dollars) to finish.
The financing of the project will be covered by Hong Kong, including 130 million yuan provided by the Hong Kong Special Administrative Regional Government.
The project is expected to be completed by the end of 2012. It will be able to accommodate 40 pandas upon completion.
Chinese experts have seen remarkable achievements in breeding giant pandas over the past two decades and the number of China's giant pandas has reached 315.
Experts say that research on infectious diseases remains weak, though risks of such diseases have been increasing.
"The facility will not only separate pandas' breeding and disease treatment, but also prevent cross infections of pandas and human beings, because we sometimes have to take them to human hospitals for treatment," said Zhang, who is also head of the administration for Wolong Nature Reserve (WNR).
Wang Pengyan, executive deputy chief of WNR administration, said special facilities and researchers were needed to establish panda disease monitoring and prevention systems.
"As the Hong Kong invested facility is located near WNR and the provincial capital of Chengdu, it will be convenient to utilize rich medical sources in Chengdu and gather special experts for emergency cases," said Wang, who added that the project would also serve as a nursing home for aged pandas after it is finished.
Giant pandas are among the world's most endangered species. Statistics from the State Forestry Administration show that about 1,600 pandas live in the wild, while another 300 live in captivity in zoos around the world.
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Next article Wen tells Chinese youths to be hardworking


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After I had spent four years in high school in the company of bullies who made fun of my interest in gaming, I expected my college mates to be somewhat more mature. Unfortunately, they weren't. Even though most of my colleagues were boys, it seemed that the School of Economics and gaming had little in common and, for about a full year, I was looked down on by my mates for not having what they considered to be modern entrepreneurial thinking. I was a good student, or so my grades indicated and I did consider the idea of establishing my own business. However, I also liked spending my time playing games such as League of Legends and earning pocket money from LoL referrals. This habit in particular was not something that they appreciated and they actually judged me for it. I was frustrated for a long time, but, somehow, I think I understood them: they were mostly kids from rich families, educated in the spirit of fancy high schools and planning to conquer the world with real estate and consultancy businesses. And then, the economic crisis happened.
I don't remember being too affected by the whole crisis, because I didn't have a job to be fired from the activity that I was getting money from, LoL referrals, was still quite stable. My colleagues, however, had to see their dreams shatter one by one. All of a sudden, they were no longer so sure of their business plans and I was the one who had the most realistic shot for independent financial survival. They must have imagined that I was earning no more than a few cents from playing League of Legends, but, having been a passionate player for years, I had actually managed to make a decent monthly amount of money. Sometimes, we also used to play FIFA, an activity that seems closer to their reality. Playing against each other, striving to buy FIFA coins online and designing our team's strategies was actually fun, although it was slightly different from what LOL means. I was definitely more passionate about this combat game and I was constantly trying to find a way to engage them as well. One day, the strangest things happened. One of the colleagues that had made fun of me for months approached me shyly and asked me how the whole LoL referral thing worked and if maybe there was a chance to combine my gaming know-how with their business skills to start a small company. After the initial shock and several days weighing the idea, I decided that holding a grudge and being forever skeptical was not the healthiest attitude and accepted their proposal.
Surprisingly, we were successful from the very beginning. I have always believed that the computer industry is less prone to being affected by the whims of economy and it was definitely nice to make money off an activity that I greatly enjoyed. Even better, we had few misunderstandings, because my colleagues left me in charge and I didn't take any decisions that endangered the business. In time, we even became friends and they started to also play League of Legends, not just use it for business purposes. In conclusion, I have to say that I'm happy I could use League of Legends referrals to make money and I am definitely happy with the fact that even gamers such as myself have many opportunities to choose from these days.


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text:
Biografia
Apparteneva ad una famiglia dell'alta nobiltà tedesca, ed era figlio dell'ex ministro delle finanze Georg von Rheinbaben, mentre suo cugino era il pubblicista e scrittore Werner von Rheinbaben; un suoi zii, rispettivamente paterno e materno, erano il giornalista e politico pacifista Hellmut von Gerlach, esiliato in Inghilterra e il diplomatico Hugo von Lerchenfeld-Köfering. Il giovane von Rheinbaben, fu educato in Baviera presso i nonni materni, i conti Lerchenfeld-Köfering, lontano dai mondani ambienti militaristi e guglielmini di Berlino, e nel ginnasio dove era ospitato aveva fatto la conoscenza del musicologo Rochus von Liliencorn, che aveva avviato il giovane alla carriera musicale, che però poi aveva lasciato in favore della giurisprudenza, dovendo comunque sospendere gli studi allo scoppio della prima guerra mondiale, alla quale partecipò come tenente di fanteria, distinguendosi sul fronte occidentale.

Finita la guerra von Rheinbaben tornò in Germania, dove, contrariamente alla maggior parte dei giovani del suo tempo, invece di schierarsi dalla parte dei conservatori sostenuti da Kapp e Lüttwitz, si schierò dalla parte dei democratici, e pur reputando poco confacente lo status di repubblica, fu tra coloro che per salvare la Germania da una totale distruzione, votarono per l'abdicazione dell'imperatore Guglielmo II. Von Rheinbaben si legò così alle correnti democratiche, e insieme ad un vecchio repubblicano, Philip Scheidemann, fondò un movimento detto degli amici del mondo, internazionalista e democratico, che non fu mai ben visto da nessuna delle correnti politiche tedesche.

Dopo essersi laureato in legge all'Università di Marburgo, von Rheinbaben intraprese una valente carriera diplomatica per i governi che si susseguirono in Germania: prima per i socialisti, poi per i conservatori di Paul von Hindenburg, divenendo console prima a Cracovia e poi a Leida, nei Paesi Bassi, mantenendo un sereno stato di apoliticità. In questi anni fu anche autore di un innumerevole numero di articoli giornalistici pubblicati su giornali olandesi riguardo ad alcuni aspetti della politica tedesca, condannando fortemente il nazionalismo che si stava sviluppando. Allontanato dai nazisti dai suoi posti diplomatici, von Rheinbaben divenne un agente interno dell'Abwehr al ministero degli esteri, avvicinando un certo numero di politici scontenti alla cospirazione di Oster e Canaris. Ammalatosi di tumore, si spense a Berlino il 19 luglio 1937.

Opere
 Chinesische Verfassung 1900–1917. Eine Studie. Decker, Berlin 1917.
 An den deutschen Adel. Politische Betrachtungen zur Zeitgeschichte. Stilke, Berlin 1926.
 Liberale Politik im neuen Reiche. Braun, Karlsruhe 1928.
 Stresemann. Der Mensch und der Staatsmann. Reissner, Dresden 1928. (In zweiter Auflage 1930 als: Stresemann. Der Mensch und der Staatsmann. Die Biografie an der er noch selbst mitgewirkt hat).
 Karl Anton Prinz Rohan: Umbruch der Zeit. 1923–1930. Gesammelte Aufsätze. Stilke, Berlin 1930. (Einleitung)

Bibliografia
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Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Who lives at the tower of london
The Keys: Inside The Tower of London's Secret Pub
Who lives in the Tower of London today? - Answers
· Who Lives At The Tower? Since 1485, Yeoman Warders (full title 'Yeomen Warder of Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress the Tower of London, and Member of the Sovereign's Body Guard of the Yeoman Guard Extraordinary' – but no one can fit that on a business card) have lived in the Tower.
Hear about our experiences of day to day living in Britians first Royal Palace and Fortress, The Tower of London, home of the Crown Jewels and of the Yeomen Warders, the Queen's Ceremonial Body Guard - …
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· The Princes in the Tower, Anne Boleyn, Guy Fawkes, Rudolf Hess… supposed villains and actual monsters spent time staring at the brickwork. The Tower was built by a Conqueror, but it's much more than a fortress Pandemic aside, life at the Tower in 2021 appears light-hearted. Back in 1066, however, tensions were running high.
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· One of the most famous legends of the Tower surrounds the ravens. The story goes that should the ravens leave the Tower, both it and the kingdom will fall. Seven ravens live at the Tower today and are cared for by a dedicated Yeoman Warder known as the Ravenmaster.
13 Secrets From the Ravenmaster at the Tower …
· Inside the Tower, life is already bustling. Over 100 people, including Yeoman Warders and their families, live inside the Tower, and Alan's duty shift began a while ago. But this is a brilliant...
· Christopher Skaife is a Yeoman Warder at the Tower of London, an ancient fortress that has been used as a jail, royal residence, and more. There are 37 Yeoman Warders, popularly known as...
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We are living in competitive world and GATE one of the most competitive exams. Few fields of engineering have a over hundred thousand students taking up GATE. There are multiple factors for it. The first one is that many students are not satisfied with their level of knowledge at Engineering level. Second important motivation is PSUs offering jobs based on performance in GATE exam.
Overall, a million student appear for GATE exam each year. Don't be stunned by the numbers, may be your field of engineering have may have less competition. I feel the important thing is to focus on your own preparation and compete with the highest marks. This will help you stay calm during preparation and perform better in exam. We also made an improtant tool called GATE Score Calculator for accurately given expected marks in different years.
Just to avoid curiosity and save your time I prepared a list of students appeared in GATE 2015 in each stream.


text:
Tag Archives: Tom Petty
Thomas Earl Petty (October 20, 1950 – October 2, 2017) was an American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, record producer, and actor. He was the lead singer of Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers, formed in 1976. He previously led the band Mudcrutch, and was also a member of the late 1980s supergroup the Traveling Wilburys.
Petty recorded a number of hit singles with the Heartbreakers and as a solo artist. In his career, he sold more than 80 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling music artists of all time. He and the Heartbreakers were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2002. Petty died at the age of 66, of an accidental overdose of prescription drugs, one week after the completion of the Heartbreakers' 40th anniversary tour.
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New bank Monzo has added a new feature, Monzo.me, which allows its users to collect money from their friends and family without having to hand out their account number and sort code.
Monzo are aiming to take the pain out of collecting money with the new feature; each Monzo user can request their own web address which they can then give to anyone they need to collect money from.
Anyone can use the link – they don't also have to be a Monzo user – they simply have to visit the link and use a debit card or Apple Pay to make the payment. If they do happen to be a Monzo user, then the link will open the app on their phone (assuming they visit the link on their phone) for even easier payment direct from their Monzo account.
This new feature is totally free for both the Monzo user and for the person sending the money, and the money is instantly credited to the Monzo user's account.
The maximum amount you can request is £100.
The minimum amount you can request is £1.
You are only allowed to have up to £1,000 paid in to your account using your Monzo.me link per 30 day rolling period.
You cannot receive more than £500 from one debit card per 30 day rolling period.
Monzo.me is now available for iOS users of Monzo (check out the Requests tab in the Contacts section of the app) – you'll need to have verified your account with a picture of your photo ID and a selfie video before you can use it. It's not currently built in to the Monzo Android app, but there is a workaround for Android users which allows them to use it too.
Monzo also recently launched payments on their Android app too.


Helping your child with his science fair project is a lot easier once he decides what type of project he'd like to do. There are five basic types of science projects to choose from.
An investigative science fair project is the most common type. It involves using the scientific method to create a hypothesis and an experiment to test the hypothesis. For example, posing the question "Do plants grow better when fertilizer is used?" and then experimenting to come up with an answer. You can introduce your child to the concepts of having a control group, limiting variables, measurement, and determining the significance of results. The key will be to find a question that interests your child and an appropriately easy way to test it in the amount of lead time you have. You may also need to explain that negative results also further science.
A research project is basically a science report. It involves collecting information about a specific topic and presenting what you have discovered or learned. It's typically best to start with a question. For example: "How does El Nino affect weather patterns?" You can discuss different information sources with your child and which are considered to be more reliable or authoritative. Also, discuss the need to make the presentation in her own words rather than copying what she finds.
This type of project shows a known scientific principle, such as the earth's magnetism, the force of gravity, or surface tension. Often, it recreates a classic experiment that originally proved the concept. This type of project may not be advanced enough for older students.
A model science fair project involves building a model to demonstrate a principle or concept. Ideally, what your child builds will be unique, but there are classic projects like the baking soda volcano, or the Mentos and Diet Coke volcano. The challenge here will be to come up with something your child can build that will be different. It's better to find a model to build that interests your child but isn't one that is very common.
This type of project can either be very interesting or very dull, and it may not be considered to be advanced enough for older students. It consists of a collection of like items, often from natural sources, and descriptions of them. A collection of leaves can be very pretty, but not very informative. It's important that your child's collection presents an overview or insight into a topic. For example, looking at leaves from different neighborhoods and noting variances in appearance or growth based on the sunlight, pollution, etc., in each neighborhood involves some scientific investigation involved.
Choosing a science fair project can help interest your child in science and technology. You will need to ensure they have selected one that can be done within the limits of time, expense, and your child's abilities.