text:
Inter and Intra-State Disparities
Vol. 44, Issue No. 26-27, 27 Jun, 2009
Updated on 27 June 2009
Chirashree Das Gupta
Implications of Regional Disparity for Finance Commission Devolutions
An overview of the papers in this collection that look at different aspects of income disparities between and within states.
INTER AND INTRA STATE DISPARITIES
Chirashree Das Gupta (chirashree@gmail.com) is at the Centre for Economic Policy and Public Finance, ADRI, Patna.
ifferentiating between equity and equality, the neoclassical mainstream of the discipline of economics and the public policy paradigm that derives from it has grappled with two defining questions: first, is it possible to have "equity" and "equality" in a system that prioritises efficiency in resource management over social justice, and second, is horizontal equity the most widely accepted principle of equity (Arrow 1971, Duclos 2006, Espinoza 2007). These questions have been central to the academic debates around the principles laid out by successive finance commissions in defining the "equalisation" exercise for central transfers to states. Over the years with the intensification of inter-state disparity since the 1960s, but especially since the time of the Eleventh Finance Commission, norm-based "equalisation" has been posited as the desirable end in the interest of both "equity" and "efficiency" and argued to be free of the problems associated with the earlier "gap-filling" approach of finance commissions. The objective of equalising basic services across states at an average level has been held as a desirable goal (Bagchi 2002). In the mainstream of the discipline, the Twelfth Finance Commission's scheme of fiscal transfers was held to have served the objective of both equity and efficiency within a framework of fiscal consolidation (Rangarajan 2005).
However, an important critique within the mainstream has been focused on the inability of the Twelfth Finance Commission's norm-based approach to distinguish itself from the previous raison d'être of gap-filling in ensuring a fair share of resources between the centre and states and the states inter se in the wake of increasing regional disparities on the one hand and fragmented political mandates at the centre and in the states on the other (Rao and Jena 2005). A more general criticism has stemmed from concerns around redistribution and the undermining of the equity principle since the Tenth Finance Commission, in discarding criteria that emphasise redistribution and the shift towards those like tax effort and fiscal discipline while regional disparity has been widening (Das and Mishra 2009).
In the last decade, the question of disparity between different regions within states has become politically important with the contradictions in centre-state relations exacerbated by neoliberalism even as the finance commission strictures based on fiscal discipline were being institutionalised. On the issue of finance commission transfers, this has led to differences of opinion on whether the commission's constitutional mandate would be violated if it takes disparity within states into account while deciding the principles for vertical and horizontal transfers.
june 27, 2009 vol xliv nos 26 & 27
Two gaps in the academic debate must be noted here. First, in most of these debates in the domain of public policy and finance with regard to finance commission transfers, regional disparity understood as inter-state disparity is a ceteris paribus condition. The disciplinary expertise in the finance commission has been devoted to designing closest to optimal allocations in balancing the competing demands of low and high income states. In this exercise, the indices of regional disparity which only quantify symptoms have been the basis of the formula for horizontal devolution. Yet, the political expectations around finance commission transfers are towards reversing trends in widening regional d isparity and thus addressing the cause of widening regional d isparity. This encompasses issues around both vertical and h orizontal devolution and emphasis on equalisation (Kurian 2008) that demands a break from the ceteris paribus assumptions of not just the equity/efficiency paradigm but also a departure from the methodological approach of conceptualising r egional disparity as an ahistorical given. Second, intra-state d isparities still remain an under-researched area both in identifying trends and causal issues even as the social perception that inter-district disparity is increasing has been confirmed by a preliminary body of research. Yet, opinion is sharply divided on whether the finance commission should intervene on this dimension of disparity while designing centre-state transfers. Thus, there is a gap between the knowledge base that has informed opinion either way.
The set of papers in this volume, derived from multiple methodological approaches, are the outcome of a workshop on "Inter and Intra-State Disparities: Implications for the Thirteenth Finance Commission", held in Patna in December 2008. The interventions are thematically organised around four dimensions of regional disparity that address the academic gaps mentioned earlier.
The Normative and the Political
Two papers analyse the normative and political implications respectively of regional disparity. Achin Chakraborty in the p aper on normative implications of inter-state and intra-state disparity intervenes in the debate on equity and equality straddling the "normative" through both the conceptual and the empirical and argues that the implications are not the same across evaluative spaces. The paper then demonstrates that the actual resource a llocation for human development in India studied through the distribution of primary school infrastructure is highly perverse even after several years of massive intervention through the Sarva Siksha Abhiyan.
Prabhat Prasad Ghosh and Chirashree Das Gupta assess the disciplinary divide that has led to an occlusion in the assessment of political implications of regional disparity. In a political economy framework, it is argued that the very basis of means and ends of policies that led to economic growth both in the pre- and post-liberalisation period after independence have also been the basis of increasing regional disparity. The regional has been subsumed in the sectoral and the social in the treatment of disparity in economic policy. The changing political basis of federalism and democratisation that has emerged subsequently has not led
to concomitant economic policy within which finance commission allocations have been designed to bridge the resulting disparity, calling into question the very basis of the means and ends of such policy.
Diverse Methodological Perspectives
Two papers provide comparative perspectives on inter-district variations in disparity within and between states.
The papers are located within the debate around the conceptual paradigm of the Kuznet's inverted-U hypothesis of economic inequality. Suryanarayana's study of disparities within Karnataka and Maharashtra is located within the Kuznets' framework both in terms of sectoral disparities in per capita net domestic product and inequalities in personal distribution of income/ consumption. Given the limited structural changes in sectoral distribution of employment but substantial changes in sectoral origin of income, it is argued that India continues to be in the first phase of the inverted-U stages, which is the phase of increasing income inequality. The two comparatively well-off states show pronounced inter-regional disparities, inter-personal i nequalities and intra-regional deprivations. Broad-based and inclusion measures are generally higher in poor backward regions and vice versa implying broad based backwardness, and inclusion in deprivation. Such a scenario sets limits on the potential for resource mobilisation and makes an explicit case for investment strategies for broad based inclusive growth across regions at the state level. The study calls for revisiting the "canons", for r esource mobilisation.
Amaresh Dubey's point of departure from the Kuznet hypothesis is based on the importance of sociocultural and religious heterogeneity in the later literature to examine disparities within five states
– Gujarat, Haryana, Kerala, Orissa and Punjab – l ocating intra-regional disparities within the studied patterns of inter-regional disparity, based on consumption, inequality and poverty incidence indicators – three measures of well-being that are the result of the inter-play of a large number of economic and policy variables. While each indicator reflects specific trends and the extent of d isparity within states are different for the different indicators pointing to multiple underlying socio-political issues over a long period of history, overall the intra-state disparities which were modest in 1993-94 have increased along with increase in gross state domestic product (GSDP). The highest increase in disparity is found in case of consumption. Inter-district disparity in real mean per capita total expenditure (PCTE) in 2004-05 has also increased signi ficantly in each one of the states under c onsideration.
Comparative Perspectives on Inter-District Disparity
Three papers provide comparative perspectives on inter-district variations in disparity within and between states in the Hindi heartland region and the eastern region.
Govind Bhattacharya, using a "core-periphery" framework to conceptualise disparity traces the skewness of distribution of
EPW is grateful to Chirashree Das Gupta for help in organising this collection of papers.
public expenditure across districts within a state. The inter-district disparities in government expenditure in six states – Bihar, UP, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, MP and West Bengal – based on the actual treasury data on government expenditure in the social sectors of education, health and supply of drinking water, is analysed using the databases of the accountants general of these states. Overall Chhattisgarh emerges as the only state that has spent its resources in the social sectors in the most equitable manner, followed by West Bengal. Bihar, UP and MP are the most inequitable states in social sector expenditure disparity among districts.
Ajitava Raychaudhuri and Sushil Kr Haldar analyse the correlation between income inequality and inter-district disparity in physical and social infrastructure in West Bengal from 1991 to 2005. The findings show a rising disparity among districts in the first half of the present decade after a continuous decline in the last decade of the last century. A similar and concurrent movement is noted for the composite physical infrastructure index for the district. Social infrastructure index over the districts does not show a similar movement.
Diwakar reviews regional disparity in UP in a political economy approach to development, poverty and inequality. Neglect of plan expenditure in agriculture and irrigation amidst stagnating revenue, declining central transfer, and intermittent change of guards account for the fact that all districts of Bundelkhand and eastern regions are lagging behind in development compared to western and central regions. As a result vertical disparities in terms of consumption deficiencies were reflected at higher intensities in these two regions. Although disparities among the districts in terms of distribution of per capita income were reduced except for the central region, incidence of poverty was highest in the eastern region. Agricultural and casual labourers, marginal and small farmers, scheduled castes and scheduled tribes were the poorest across the regions. The real challenges are thus to address the intra-regional horizontal and vertical disparities at the district level which are hardly explicit in macro level data for the state as a whole.
Contrasting Equitable Development: The Case of Kerala
The sectoral and social features of Kerala's social development has been the subject of a large body of work. A less discussed feature is the high level of equitable development among districts compared to other Indian states. Pinaki Chakraborty investigates inter-district disparity in Kerala in the backdrop of its success story of high human development with low level of per capita income and the recent increases in inequality with higher growth rates. Compared to earlier years, consumption inequality has accentuated in recent years in Kerala in the recent high growth regime, though the development in social sector has been relatively equitable across districts in spite of persistence of pockets of deprivation. However, the high priority to social sector spending has posed serious challenges to the state and decentralisation through people's planning incorporating local needs and preferences has been the alternative approach to address disparity.
Together, this collection of papers provides an overview of multiple dimensions of regional disparity, endogenising the "region" in social and sectoral disparity and point to the historical neglect of regional disparity by the state in public expenditure decisions to address disparity. The formulae driving finance commission transfers so far have not been able to address the chasm between either the absolute gap in vertical transfers to address regional disparity nor a departure from the convention of compensating for disparity rather than designing transfers to reverse the process. The eclectic methods and the different approaches in the set of papers in this volume converge on the structural constraints of the post-1991 growth process that have led to accentuation of regional disparity. Adding to the existing debate on rising social and sectoral disparity in India, the different dimensions of regional disparity explored in the papers open up the endemic question about the extent of efficacy of finance commission transfers within an overall limit imposed on the role of the state in designing interventions to reverse the trend of increasing disparity, both between and within Indian states under the post-1991 economic policy paradigm.
Arrow, K J (1971): "A Utilitarian Approach to the Concept of Equality in Public Expenditures", The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol 85, No 3, August, pp 409-15.
Bagchi, A (2002): "'Equalisation' as Goal of Centre-State Tranfers: Iqbal Gulati's Golden Legacy", Economic & Political Weekly, Vol 37, No 27, 6 July, pp 2679-82.
Das, K and A K Mishra (2009): "Ensuring Horizontal Equity: Challenge before the Thirteenth Finance Commission", Economic & Political Weekly Vol 44, No 5, 31 January, pp 14-17.
Duclos, J (2006): "Innis Lecture: Equity and Equality", Canadian Journal of Economics, Vol 39, Issue 4, pp 1073-1104, November.
Espinoza, O (2007): "Solving the Equity-Equality Conceptual Dilemma: A New Model for Analysis of the Educational Process", Educational Research, Vol 49, No 4, pp 343-63, December.
Govinda Rao, M and P R Jena (2005): "Balancing Stability, Equity and Efficiency", Economic & Political Weekly, Vol 40, No 31, 30 July, pp 3405-12.
Kurian, N J (2008): "Equalising Transfers through the Finance Commission", Economic & Political W eekly, Vol 42, No 29, pp 38-43.
Rangarajan, C (2005): "Approach and Recommendations", Economic & Political Weekly, Vol 40, No 31, 30 July, pp 3396-98.
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When it comes to retirement savings, it's not the size of the pie that matters but how much income you can slice off that pie every month. The right way to invest for retirement during this week's show.
What do you want your money to do for you? Are you investing for performance or for purpose? There are big differences between the two and we'll explore them during this week's show.


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Camping with dogs. Is it possible? Is it worth it? It is possible to camp with your dogs and if you're wondering if you can, it is probably worth it as well. After all, our dogs are not just our best friends, they're a part of our family so why wouldn't we want to take them camping with us.
Dogs do complicate things however and there are some extra considerations to keep in mind when bringing your dogs camping with you. In this post, I'll go over everything you need to know before you go camping with your dogs so that you can have a fun and safe camping trip.
Before you set your heart on bringing your dog camping with you, you'll need to make sure that it is permitted. Not all national and state parks allow dogs so you'll want to check with them first before booking your stay. Also, many parks have pet-friendly and non-pet friendly campsites so you'll need to make sure you choose a campsite that permits dogs as well.
In most cases, you'll be able to find this information on the park's website. If not, just send the park an email and ask. This is better than calling since you'll have your answer in writing should you run into any problems when you get there.
Don't worry if the park you're interested in won't allow dogs. You'll find that most large state and national parks have great campgrounds located nearby and many of these campgrounds will be extremely pet-friendly. You may even be able to find a nice campground with a dog-park or doggie day-care nearby.
Choose an area that gets less foot-traffic.
Pick a campsite with less vegetation.
Find a site with water.
Let's face it, dogs like to bark. They aren't doing it to bother people, it's just the way they communicate. Unfortunately, your fellow campers probably won't see it that way. Choose an area with less foot-traffic going by and your dog will have fewer people to bark at.
This can be done by choosing a campsite at the end of a loop that does not have a bathroom or public water source nearby. You'll also want to make sure that it does not have any trails running parallel to it as this will also drive a lot of people through the areas around your campsite.
One of my dad's old dogs was a tick magnet. My dad always said there must have been something special that attracted ticks to the dog. I never gave it much thought until I went for a walk with my dad through a campground. My dad let the dog run through every patch of vegetation we came across. The dog loved it but it was clear to me that this is why the dog, (as well as my dad), were always getting ticks.
Choose an area with less vegetation and you'll have fewer tick nests to content with. Not only this, but you'll have less poisonous plants to contend with as well. While dogs won't suffer the effects of running through poison ivy, oak, or sumac, you certainly will.
When a dog gets the oils from these poisonous plants on them, they stay there until somebody wipes them off. Do you really want to end up cuddling with your dog in your tent after he or she has been running through the poison ivy at the edge of your campsite all day?
If a pet-friendly campsite with water running to it is available, you'd be wise to take it. This will reduce the number of trips you have to take to the water area, which will reduce the number of times you have to leave your dog behind without you.
Also, having water right at your campsite reduces the amount of water you'll have to pack for your trip. Remember, you'll be packing water for both you and your dog and the weight of this additional water supply can add up quickly. Not only this, but water can take up a significant amount of cargo space which you'll need for your dog's crate.
It's no secret that dogs need to eat food, drink water, and stay warm, cool, and comfortable. But do you know how much water your dog needs while camping? Do you know how to keep your dog's food safe from other animals while camping?
Your dog's food needs to be kept safe from bears and other animals.
You may need to pack water for your dog so you'll need to know how much he/she will need each day.
Just like you, your dog will need protection from the elements.
Whatever the etiquette is for keeping your food safe will apply to your dog as well. This means that if you need to pack bear canisters for your food, you'll need to pack them for your dog's food as well. Some state and national parks will have food lockers and some will have areas for hanging your food up in trees. Take a moment when planning your trip to find out what these rules are and pack accordingly.
Additionally, you'll need to keep your dog's food safe while he or she is eating. Remember, you'll be out in the elements and your dog doesn't have the hands or even the foresight to grab a hold of his food each time a gust of wind blows through.
For this reason, I recommend that you bring a bowl that can be staked or weighed down so that it can't blow away. I'd also recommend that you choose specific times to put your food out rather than leaving it out all day. This will help keep smaller animals like birds, mice, and rats from getting to your dog's food bowl.
According to CesarsWay.com, a dog will consume between .85 to 1.7 ounces of water for each pound each day. This means that your 50-pound dog might drink up to 85 ounces of water a day. Plan to pack this much water as your dog will probably be more thirsty than usual. If you have enough space in your vehicle, pack even more water as it is always better to have more than enough rather than not enough.
As with the food, you'll want to make sure that the water bowl can't easily be knocked or blown over. Some people will leave the water out all day while others will not. I prefer to put the water out periodically as it is easy for the water to get dirty out at the campsite and uncovered water can often get hot in the sun. I wouldn't want to drink hot water on a hot day and I won't make my dog do it either.
It's easy for a person to verbalize that they are thirsty but almost impossible for a dog to do so. After all, there could be a lot of reasons why your dog is barking. But just because a dog can't tell you in words that he/she is thirsty, doesn't mean that she can't tell you in other ways.
The first sign that your dog is starting to get dehydrated is sticky gums. If you notice that your dog's gums are starting to look dry, encourage him to drink water. Giving your dog water at this stage should be enough to quickly clear up the dehydration.
After this, your dog's eyes will start to get dry. At this point, you'll want to make sure your dog gets water and gets some rest and cover. Get them into the shade to cool them down and make sure that they don't overexert themselves.
The loss of skin pliability is the next stage of dehydration. At this point, you may want to check to make sure that your dog isn't suffering from diarrhea. Camping for the first time can sometimes be stressful for dogs and he or she may have an upset stomach. This can lead to diarrhea which can then, in turn, lead to dehydration. Make sure your dog isn't sick and take steps to remedy any illness that may have befallen him/her.
Some people feel that since dogs are animals they can survive the outdoors better than humans can. This might be true for dogs that have grown up in the wild but it's far from the truth when we're talking about domesticated house pets. Our dogs are used to climate controlled interiors, electricity, and even dog beds and blankets. Some of us even dress our dogs up in little sweaters before heading out on winter walks.
Your dog doesn't need to be kept in a bubble while you camp but he will need protection from the wind, the rain, the cold, and the heat. We'll go over the equipment you'll need in the next section but keep this in mind as you begin to budget for your next trip.
Most campgrounds and parks will demand that you keep your dog leashed at all times. This is for the safety of others as well as for the safety of your dog. A lot of traffic can go in and out of these parks and you don't want your dog out and about as it goes by.
Also, keep in mind that small state and national parks have bears, coyotes, wolves, and even mountain lions living in them. A small dog can easily be overwhelmed by any of these animals.
Another thought to keep in mind is that you won't be able to hold onto a leash the entire time you're camping. Bring some tie-out stakes and you'll be able to keep your dog close, safe, and secure while you free your hands up to set up your tent and cook your meals.
Even if you do not normally crate your dog, it is a good idea to bring one with you. This can be used in the event that you need to leave your dog behind at the campsite. While you might not think you'll ever need to leave your dog behind, it might happen anyway so it is best to be prepared.
Towels are another item that you might not think you need until you do. Even if the forecast is calling for sun, you might still end up camping in the rain. Also, even if it doesn't rain, your dog might end up in a stream or a lake and you'll need something to dry her off with before heading back into your tent.
Some people like to share their tent and even their sleeping bag with their dog. This is perfectly fine but you will need to add some protection to the bottom of your tent before doing so. Remember, your dog has long nails and they can easily cause tears and rips in the bottom of your tent. Bring along a thick tarp or pad that you can put along the bottom of your tent so that your dog does not ruin it.
If you want, you can even buy your dog his own tent. Dog tents are sold alongside normal tents but they are much smaller and they're simple to set up. These tents often look just like standard tents but in miniature sizes. Amusingly enough, I once went to a camping store with a friend who thought the dog tent was just a model of the full-size tent.
Once your dog is in her tent, you'll want her to be warm and comfortable. If your dog is sleeping with you, you can buy a double sleeping bag for the two of you. If not, you can buy a separate dog sleeping bag and sleeping pad for your dog.
Do you plan on hitting some of the trails while you're camping? If so, you may want to bring a foldable dog bowl so that your dog can drink water while you're out on the trail. You may also want to get a dog backpack so that he can carry his own gear. This is fun for both you and your dog and the adorable hiking pictures you'll be able to take will be never-ending.
Here are some of the items you'll want to consider for keeping your dog safe while you camp.
A reflective orange vest can help you keep an eye on your dog. It can also help to ensure that others know that your dog is not a wild animal. Often-times state parks are near hunting grounds and your dog could possibly get loose.
If your dog is wearing an orange vest, a hunter is unlikely to accidentally mistake him for a game animal. Remember, in many states, there is an open season on coyotes and a small dog could easily be mistaken for a coyote.
Keeping your tags up to date is important at all times but it is especially important when camping. Around town, your neighbor might recognize your dog and bring her home to you. At a state or national park, your dog will be much harder to locate and identify.
Bring up-to-date pictures of your dog and if you lose your dog you'll be able to easily relay what she looks like to the rangers on-site. You can also use these pictures to ask other campers to help you locate your dog.
Before heading out you'll also want to make sure your dog's shots are up-to-date. In the wild, you'll be much more likely to attract ticks, fleas, worms, and other pests that can ruin your dogs health.
A first aid kit is another item you'll probably want to bring with you. Dogs can share many of the items that you'll have in your own first aid kit but there are some additional items you may want to consider.
The National Humane Society suggests you bring a pet-specific first-aid manual, a number to the ASPCA poison control center, which is 1-800-426-4435, and self-cling bandages. You may also want to bring a muzzle in case you have to muzzle your dog for safety reasons.
Camping with your dog can be a lot of fun and it can help to bring you and your pet closer together. Some additional planning beforehand will help make the experience safer and more productive for both you, your pet, and anyone else you may encounter along the way.


Written and directed by Edgar Wright, most famous for the Cornetto Trilogy (comprising of Shaun of The Dead, Hot Fuzz and The Wold's End), Baby Driver combines dry British wit with a vibrant Atlanta setting. There's music in the streets and rhythm in every movement, with each scene constantly on the brink of bursting into song – the film manages to hover deliciously between full-throttle action thriller and sensational musical.
Driven by its soundtrack, there is the sense that without it the whole film would grind to a halt – indeed, in the process of stealing a woman's car, tinnitus-affected protagonist Baby (Ansel Elgort) frustratedly adjusts the radio before even turning on the ignition.
A getaway driver with a conscience, Baby will have you on the edge of your seat as he grapples between the honest life he dreams of leading with love interest Debora (Lily James), and the criminal deeds he must do to keep ruthless crime boss Doc (Kevin Spacey) off his back.
Baby's life becomes increasingly unstable as he finds himself more deeply involved the more he tries to break loose. Behind his endless supply of sunglasses and brooding charm is a tender side that clearly won't last in the cut-throat criminal world he is embroiled in. Baby's inner world is bathed in vibrant colour, and as his violent associates perform heists, putting a bullet in anyone who stands between themselves and the money, Baby keeps his head safely in the clouds, his music a safety blanket that's about to be ripped away. Baby, it seems, is the lucky charm with no luck, and our hearts go imploringly out to him.
There is just one catch to an otherwise fantastic ensemble performance – and that's the women. How is it, I wonder, that Darling, a borderline-psychopath who treats murder as a leisure activity, holds a machine gun as apathetically as if it were cucumber? And why does Debora, a sparky and independent woman with a thirst for freedom, appear in Baby's dreams as a black and white fifties pin-up, all starched ringlets and vapid lipsticked smile?
Baby Driver is testosterone-fuelled action thriller with a difference, boasting immensely complex characters and a mixtape soundtrack which rivals even Guardians of the Galaxy. Perhaps next time, though, the women might get a share of the fun.


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Saturday was the perfect day for hot wings. Did you know that if you eat hot, spicy food when the weather is really hot, you won't feel as hot?
Alright, I think I made that up actually, but on a day like Saturday, it would have been difficult to feel any hotter, thus, wings seemed like a perfect choice. So, I whipped up some potato salad and Larry fired up the grill. Yes, that is right – I said the grill. We never deep fry our wings.
When we first started making wings 25 years ago, we grilled them because it was so much cheaper. It takes a lot of oil to fill up our deep fryer, so we experimented with finding a cheaper alternative. You can just roast or broil them in the oven of course, and in the dead of winter, that is how I do it, but in the summer, the grill is our perfect solution. They are lower in fat too, so you can eat more of them, with less guilt. Not a lot less guilt probably, but we don't need to split hairs when we are talking about iconic summer food, right?
One important thing to note is that you need to think ahead to make these. Unlike the deep fried ones, they need to be thawed completely, plus we are going to marinate them for up to 24 hours. To have these Saturday night, I took the wings out of the freezer Friday morning, and once they were thawed, I put them in the marinade in the fridge for right around 24 hours, pulling them out to come to room temp an hour or so before dinner time on Saturday.
The marinade is easy to make, from stuff you most likely have sitting around your kitchen already.
The other consideration is what hot sauce to use. Here in the Northeast it is usually Frank's RedHot Hot Sauce, but in other parts of the country you might find Crystal Hot Sauce or Cholula, both of which will work nicely, though people around here will accuse of you heresy if you use anything but Frank's. Even if you like things spicy, you don't want the hot sauce to be a searingly hot one – you can add more chili powder to make it hotter, and Frank's also has a nice vinegar flavor as well, so it's a better choice than something like straight.
These are best if they can sit in the marinade for 24 hours, but you can get by with just an hour or two - the wings needs to be thawed, and since they are usually sold frozen, you will need to plan ahead.
Trim any dangly bits from the wings, because they will burn on the grill anyway.
In a bowl large enough to hold the wings, whisk together the oil, mashed garlic, salt, pepper and spicy chili powder.
Add the wings, and stir to coat. Cover and refrigerate for up to 24 hours, stirring a few times. If you only have an hour or so, they will be fine on the counter.
An hour before you are going to start cooking, bring the bowl out and let the wings come to room temperature.
Prepare the wing sauce by measuring the butter, hot sauce, smoke paprika, chipotle chili powder, salt, pepper and lemon juice into a small sauce pan. Bring to a simmer and cook for a couple minutes. Set aside.
Prepare your grill or barbeque as you normally would to cook chicken, or according to the directions that came with it.
Grill the wings until done, basting with the oil marinade in the first 10 minutes, but not after that, to ensure food safety. You can check one of the wings by cutting into it near the bone - there should be no pink showing, and the outsides should have some nice char on them.
Put the cooked wings in a clean bowl, large enough to hold them all, and pour over the sauce mixture. Stir to coat all of the wings and serve with some celery stalks and bleu cheese dressing for dipping.
They are great with all of the usual Hot Wing additions – celery, bleu cheese dressing – and of course, potato salad. So, give this a try and save the deep frying for onion rings!
Thanks Liz – that's my favorite part too – 'cause then Larry cooks them!
I'm just starting to like things with bones. And chicken wings are most everyone's favorite. I may have to give these a try. Thanks!
Definitely a good "starter" thing with bones Abbe!
This's a really good idea, and one I'd have never though of. Now that I see yours, I know what we're having for a cookout this coming weekend. Can't wait to give these a try!!!
Hope you love them Dave – come back and let me know how they turn out for you!
I just started making wings 2 years ago. I usually have an annual cook-off, sometimes chili, soup, then one year it was wings. I baked mine also and they won although I do not win while I'm hosting 🙂 Now I love to cook them and this recipe is getting bookmarked, they sound terrific!
Thanks Suzie – they are good baked or broiled too, but I hope you give these a try!
Holy moly Donalyn! These look wonderful and I love that they are grilled. Yum yum yummy!
You have got that right Carla – they are very yummy!
I think you are quite right about eating hot foods when it is hot. Indian, Mexican, and I am sure other cuisines go for the hot factor for that reason but all we need to focus on is the deliciousness of these little morsels you have made there.
bellini, I am curious about it now – I'll have to do a little research on this to see if my theory was right. And thanks!
Very nice! I prefer chicken wings grilled or broiled. These rock. Thanks for sharing.
Grilled instead of fried is a great healthy option. I love how you mentioned that because your wings are frozen you have to think ahead. I know what you mean as there is nothing worse than leaving for work and then forgetting to leave something unthaw in the refrigerator. Your wings look finger licking good!
Look at the colour! I loved your grilled buffalo hot wings recipe. Of course, I will try your way of cutting down on oil. And I never knew tthat eating hot foods in hot weather doesn't make you hot. In fact, I used to think just the opposite!
Thanks Purabi – I hope you enjoy them!
I love grilled chicken! We make a lot of grilled chicken in the summer, it is so much better for you than fried! The color on your chicken is beautiful.
Hi Foodie – we eat lots of grilled chicken as well – it's one of things we most look forward to when the weather warms up!
Mighty scrumptious! Those flavors are mouthwatering.
Your wings look fantastic! If I only had a real grill, I would make them next weekend. The sauce sounds amazing too.
I hope you'll be able to try them sometime Sissi!
I can eat spicy food no mater the weather. Your grilled hot wings look mouthwatering. I prefer your grilling method to the traditional deep fried. Thanks for sharing Donalyn, they're gorgeous!
Thanks Nancy & ditto on the spicy food – anytime!
Great choice grilling over frying- grilled ALWAYS tastes better! These look delicious, looks like they'll be on my grill this weekend!
Fried wings taste just a tad better (just a tad, though) but the grilled ones still have great flavor. Besides, it's all about the sauce! And yours sure have great flavor. I've read that about spicy food making you feel cooler – something to do with making you sweat, and as the perspiration evaporates, it creates a cooling effect. I'd rather turn on the AC. 😉 Fun post – thanks.
Perfectly cooked, deliciously tasting, I'm sure.
I could almost drink that sauce, Kiran!
I believe it 🙂 And even if it isn't true…good wings make everything better! These look just scrumptious. Now I only need to get a grill! Thank you for sharing, my friend!
You're welcome Monet – I hope you get to try them soon!
Our "old" friend Marilyn R. Does this with chicken thighs…..really good.
Thighs are really my favorite part of the chicken – any old way you cook them!
I adore wings – these look delicous. I'll have to check out your theory the next time Seattle sees hot weather!
Thanks Kristi – hope you don't have to wait too long!
You really make this recipe seem so easy. I'm going to give it a try this weekend to see if we will use it for our big family picinic over the 4th.
I hope it works well for you David – thanks for stopping by!
Hey there! Giving you a big thumbs up for this excellent idea! I'm signing up for your newsletter and will be back for sure.


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Jack Russell finally rescued after four days of being seen on dangerous mud flats and major roads in Havant and Farlington
Old Portsmouth pub staff 'devastated' by collision that killed by 91-year-old crossing High Street road
Portsmouth Magistrates' Court - latest update on criminal cases
Here's our latest update from criminal cases at Portsmouth Magistrates' Court.
By Ben Fishwick
Monday, 1st July 2019, 5:35 pm
Updated Monday, 1st July 2019, 6:12 pm
Portsmouth Magistrates' Court Picture: Chris Moorhouse
Mariusz Trzeciak, 30, of Hampshire Street, Fratton, admitted drink-driving in Seymour Close, Buckland, on June 6.
A test revealed he had 51 microgrammes of alcohol in 100 millilitres of breath.
Magistrates fined him £150 with a 12-month ban.
He must pay a £30 victim surcharge and £85 prosecution costs.
Magistrates fined him £50 after he admitted failing to surrender to court on June 20.
Gary Saunders, 59, of Victoria Street, Portsmouth, admitted using threatening, abusive or insulting words or behaviour to cause harassment, alarm or distress in the city on June 20.
Magistrates fined him £250 but detained him in court instead as he was held overnight in custody.
Scott Devereaux, 30, of Milton Road, Portsmouth, admitted two thefts at Wilko on March 7.
He also admitted two charges of assault by beating.
He was jailed for 56 days after also admitting three charges of failing to comply with supervision requirements.
Kirsty Simpson, 34, of St Ronans Road, Portsmouth, admitted failing to provide a specimen of breath on November 8 last year.
Magistrates fined her £500 with a £50 victim surcharge and £250 prosecution costs.
She was banned from driving for 12 months.
Paul Tegg, 53, of Phillip Road, Waterlooville, was found guilty of failing to provide a specimen of breath on February 17 at Portsmouth Central police station.
Magistrates fined him £250 with a £30 victim surcharge and £250 costs.
He was banned from driving for 12 months.
Benjamin Shepard, 31, of Main Road, Marchwood, admitted sending a message of grossly offensive or indecent, obscene, or menacing character on April 26 in Portsmouth.
Magistrates imposed a 14-week jail term suspended for a year.
Shepard must complete 20 days of rehabilitation activities.
He admitted breaching a suspended sentence for the same type of offence and was fined £100.
And he admitted a malicious communication between July 27-September 27 last year.
He must pay a £115 victim surcharge.
A restraining order bans him from contacting a woman or going into a street in Gosport for a year.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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By Bruce Lloyd
Governor candidates pick up pace at Women's Chamber forum
The occasion was a 'meet the candidates' forum put on by the Guam Women's Chamber of Commerce. While the main draw for the media was on-stage appearances by the candidates for governor and Washington representative aspirant Doris Flores Brooks, minus her opposition, Sen. Mike San Nicolas, a range of legislative and non-partisan office seekers were also on hand to talk with media members at tables in an auditorium at the Guam Sheraton Laguna Resort.
At one of those tables, gubernatorial candidate and Acting Gov. Ray Tenorio projected a lot of confidence:
"Oh, I'm going to win," said Tenorio. Just a day after he made some local news by sending his attorney to his initial appearance on charges resulting from last July's "gun grabbing" incident, Tenorio dismissed the persistent criticism resulting from the widespread perception that he has received special treatment in this matter as "just noise."
"I've never been accused of doing more wrong things in life than when I ran for governor. Everything from doing drugs, to being charged with crimes, stuff that I've opposed my entire life," the former police officer said.
And he did not miss the opportunity even in this relaxed setting to throw a zinger at his opponent, Bank of Guam president Lou Leon Guerrero. Said Tenorio, "So the world's upside down and the candidate who's the poorest is the Republican and the one with the most resources is the Democrat."
Arriving later for the on-stage appearance, Leon Guerrero wasn't exactly shy about firing back on a number of issues, including government finances.
"This administration has managed to increase our debt. We have doubled our [Guam] debt. We now pay $92 million in debt service a year which we could use for education and health care. This administration also managed not to collect taxes to the tune of $200 million and I think that's not very prudent financially," said Leon Guerrero, suggesting that the reluctance to collect existing taxes accounted for the Calvo-Tenorio administration's support of a sales tax.
Tenorio said: "We've done a better job in collecting taxes, but that said, we also need to do a better job in building efficiencies and the ability to track data." Tenorio said that the Guam economy had grown by a billion dollars in the past decade and in another dig at the opposition, suggested later in the forum that it had been a number of years since Leon Guerrero served in the Guam legislature and that she was out of touch with those in the local economy "who are hurting."
"I'm talking to people who are using recycled tin and wood pallets to rebuild their house after the typhoon. I'm talking about people who can't get water for their house and have to use a 55 gallon drum to get water for their basic needs. I am talking about the struggles of people who are not making it."
On the economy, Leon Guerrero suggested that alternative new industries for the island—including marijuana production—could also help the economy, though she said the present administration hasn't pursued these. She also criticized the approach of the administration to handling financial shortfalls.
"I will promise this. In reducing costs, I will not close police stations and I will not close fire stations. I will not fear [sic] the public in terms of their security and I will use E911 money" for its intended purpose. "People need to feel safe when they have a life threatening emergency."
There are certainly things the candidates agree on, such as the need to reform the present arrangement for the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) which, unlike in the states, is dumped on the local government, providing a serious drain on its treasury.
In keeping with his 'world's upside down' theme, Tenorio at times sounded more like a traditional Democratic candidate, advocating free college tuition and much expanded publicly financed housing construction on government land, though both candidates clearly favored stronger and continued government support for education. And both presented themselves as strong supporters of Guam agriculture.
Tenorio repeated a familiar criticism that he's made throughout the campaign that Leon Guerrero, as president of the Bank of Guam, has benefited from millions of dollars in Government of Guam funds exclusively deposited there. Leon Guerrero painted a positive picture of the bank's role on Guam, ranging from home loans to leading economic development efforts. And she also gave back criticism to Tenorio
"Talk about [my] conflict of interest? How about this one? I never signed a law that would give me a pay raise. That is blatant conflict of interest."
Leon Guerrero also disputed hints by Lt. Governor Tenorio that unlike him, she came from a wealthy background, citing instead her hard work, a supportive extended family and training as a nurse as the basis for her success.
Another question concerned efforts to increase Guam's minimum wage. Leon Guerrero said members of the Democratic majority legislature have strongly supported this effort, which has been slowed by Republican insistence that the matter be further studied. "As governor, I will certainly work very hard to speed it up and more so, I will work to make sure we have jobs that have a higher wage structure [than minimum wage]."
Tenorio said he favored increases in the minimum wage that did not damage the local economy and suggested that the pay should be tied to increases in skills obtained by further education.
Not surprisingly, both teams were asked about how to deal with the influx of FSM residents to Guam by federal, largely unfunded or underfunded mandate. Tenorio suggested that as a Republican governor, he could better deal with the problem by interfacing with President Trump's administration in Washington, D.C. By contrast, Lou Leon Guerrero's Lt. Governor candidate, Joshua Tenorio suggested tapping unused compact impact money as one means to finance the costs of the migrants to GovGuam. He also reminded the audience that the children of FSM migrants who have been coming to the island for many years are also U.S. citizens "and part of the fabric of Guam."
And on the issue of the decades long chronically underfunded Guam Memorial Hospital, which one questioner described as "being a can kicked down the road forever:"
Leon Guerrero: "You have to take politics out of it and here's an example of taking politics out of it. When Governor Felix Camacho and Dr. Mike Cruz appointed me as a board member of the hospital, they said to us, 'We want the hospital accredited.' We said, 'leave us alone, we'll do our work and the hospital will be accredited.' And what happened? We got it accredited within two years. That was because the governor and lt. governor did not interfere in our strategy or our direction. They did not come to us and say, 'Hey, this is how you should do it. Hey, we think you should hire this person.' They trusted us as the Board of Trustees. It is unfortunate and very disappointing that this administration lost accreditation of the hospital."
Lt. Governor Tenorio said GMH had provided great care before and after the hospital won its accreditation thanks to the staff on board. "We'd like to have accreditation, of course we would. And under my administration, we'll regain it… It's not about politics ladies and gentlemen. It's about supporting the people who do the job," he said, reminding that the legislature has underfunded GMH budget requests for years.
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Lt. Governor Ray Tenorio
2021 will be more challenging for Lou Leon Guerrero
San Nicolas heading back to Congress for second term
Will Castro's endorsement bring Republican votes to Underwood?


The word Mahdi does not occur in the Quran nor does the Quran prophecy the second coming of Jesus Christ. Why do the Muslims then believe in the second coming of Jesus Christ? It is because the Christians believe so. In many ways, our theology has reduced Islam to a "me too religion". The influence of Christian and Jewish beliefs in the shaping of our theology is immense. The next step was to concoct the end of times Ahadith prophesying the return of Jesus Christ. The Shia Muslims have their own belief in a Mahdi who is in hiding and who will make his appearance predictably towards the end of times. This belief is based on nothing except the fact that the lineage of Muhammad (pbuh) through his daughter Fatima ran out of successors after the 11th dynastic imam. For their beliefs, a dynastic imam to guide them till the end of times is a necessity. They therefore concocted the story, that the 12th Imam or Mahdi has gone into occultation, and is guiding them from behind a veil, and he will make his appearance towards the end of times. So, we now have predictions of end of times in which Jesus Christ will return and also the 12th Imam Mahdi. The Muslim tradition also says that the Mahdi will fight and kill the Maseeh Dajjal which literally means the anti-Christ.
This clearly shows the influence of Christian beliefs. So, what will Jesus Christ do? The problem is resolved by the scholars by positing that the Mahdi and Jesus Christ are one and the same and different names are used based on the tastes of the different consumers (Muslims and Christians) of end of times stories! There are of course other stories which say that the Mahdi will come first and later Jesus will come down from the heavens at dawn one day, and find the Mahdi ready to lead the Morning Prayer. The Mahdi will ask Jesus Christ to lead the prayer instead, but Jesus will say that since the Iqama (second call for prayer before the prayer begins) has already been given with the Mahdi as imam, he should lead the prayer. The Mahdi will then lead the prayer and Jesus will pray standing behind him with the other worshipers. What about the Sunnis? They are also suckers for such stories and subscribe to this Masala mix of Christian and Shia doctrines.
The second coming of Christ/Mahdi will make Christianity triumphant in the world according to Christian belief, and Islam triumphant according to the Muslims. According to the Muslims, Jesus Christ is also a Muslim and his second coming will not be as a Prophet, but as a follower of the last Prophet Muhammad (pbuh).
What support do the Muslims find from the Quran for such beliefs? According to the Quran, Jesus did not die on the cross but was raised by Allah up unto Himself.
So, if Allah raised Jesus up unto Himself and he did not die, then he is still alive in Heaven and since every mortal must die, he will return at the appropriate time, live for a while on earth and die, is how they reason. The Quran however, gives no good news or warning of the second coming of Jesus Christ, and therefore this kind of reasoning is pure conjecture and the Quran forbids such conjecture.
(6:116) If you were to follow the common run of those on earth, they will lead you away from the way of Allah. They follow nothing but conjecture: they do nothing but lie.
(43:61) And (Jesus) shall be a Sign (for the coming of) the Hour (of Judgment): therefore have no doubt about the (Hour), but follow ye Me: this is a Straight Way.
Wa-Innahu And indeed, it LaʿIl'mun surely (is) a knowledge LilssāʿAti of the Hour.
Falā So (do) not Tamtarunna (be) doubtful Bihā about it, Wa-IttabiʿŪni and follow Me. Hādhā ṣirāṭun Mus'taqīmun this is the straight path.
In what way can Jesus and his times be a Sign or similar to the end of times? Jesus, we know, was not a ruler, but lived in a land under the occupation of the pagan Roman Emperor. He was powerless to even judge by the Mosaic laws let alone legislate. His own people (the Jews) ridiculed him and tried to put him in a quandary by asking him to pass judgment on a prostitute knowing fully well that if he judged by the Mosaic law on adultery, he would run into a problem with the Roman law (according to which adultery is not a sin) and if he did not judge by the Mosaic law, they could accuse him of being a false prophet.
Jesus was powerless to defend even himself and was made to bear the cross on which he was crucified. His own people (the Jews) called him a false prophet, ridiculed him, and finally betrayed him. Can there be a better comparison to what the end of times will be like? The religious laws will not prevail, the laws of the ungodly will prevail and the man of God will be without support and will be ridiculed and crucified. The end of the world will come when there will not remain a single person alive to take the name of God.
The entire story of Jesus Christ or Mahdi coming to restore the rule of Allah at end of times and make everyone accept the religion of Allah does not make any sense. Putting an end to the world will be justified not when everyone follows Allah's religion but when no one is left who follows it. The scholars of course have an explanation. They say that soon after the Mahdi/Jesus die, people will go back to their wicked ways and the world will come to an end. So, to what purpose will the Mahdi/Jesus come? They think that even if only around the end of times, everyone believes in the religion of Allah, for a few days, some purpose is served. God has no use for staging such contrived drama to prove a point and the story is rubbish!
Humanity is indeed sought to be united as one, when Allah swears by the four religions Buddhism, Christianity, Judaism and Islam in Surah 95 which covers the majority of mankind.
War is made justifiable only to fight against oppression of any kind irrespective of who the Oppressors or the Oppressed may be and their faith. War for any other reason is oppression and war against such oppression is fighting in the cause of Allah. As I said, the above is the potential of the Quran but not given effect to in practice. To do that, maybe we need the Mahdi or the rightly guided to come who will free the religion from the clutches of the bigots and make the true Islam of the Quran prevail.
Jesus and his times are truly a Sign for what the end of times will be like.
None of the Books of scriptures prophesy the second coming of Jesus Christ and all stories regarding it are contrived concoctions.
The Messianic prophecy in the earlier Books is perhaps fulfilled in Muhammad (pbuh) at least potentially, and to give it complete practical effect, we need people who are rightly guided, who will take things forward and make the religion and the law of Allah prevail, uniting all humanity in a common race in all virtues, ending all kinds of injustice and oppression.
The meaning of "Signs of the Hour" in the Quran is "the condition of the world around the time of the Hour". It does not mean knowledge of the Hour in terms of date and time with any degree of certainty even correct upto a million years. The date is hidden from all and known to only Allah. All predictions of the date are therefore false, and neither is the Hour contingent on the occurrence of any uniquely identifiable event which means that the knowledge of the actual Hour will always remain hidden. It will come suddenly without anyone expecting it. The successful are those who believe in the Hereafter and always hold the Hour in awe. The Quran refers to the times of Jesus as the Sign of the Hour. This means that the condition of the world will be like the conditions that prevailed in the life and times of Jesus (pbuh), and the fate of a man of God and his travails, will be similar to the fate and travails of Jesus. Such conditions must have occurred several times before Jesus, and may perhaps recur several times in the future, but redeemed by a redeemer or by a change in the people each time, until finally, and nobody knows when, when similar conditions prevail without any redeemer or signs of change, Allah will bring the world and our existence on this planet to an end.
(79:42) They ask thee about the Hour,-´When will be its appointed time?(43) Wherein art thou (concerned) with the declaration thereof? (44) With thy Lord in the Limit fixed therefore. (45) Thou art but a Warner for such as fear it. (46) The Day they see it, (It will be) as if they had tarried but a single evening, or (at most till) the following morn!
The Hour will come all of a sudden and it is Allah's plan to keep the Hour hidden from mankind and no person will know of its coming until it actually comes. There is therefore no question of Allah sending a sign in the form of the second coming of Jesus Christ or a Mahdi to warn of the actual Hour coming. All such Hadiths are therefore fabricated falsehoods.
(31:34) Verily the knowledge of the Hour is with Allah (alone). It is He Who sends down rain, and He Who knows what is in the wombs. Nor does anyone know what it is that he will earn on the morrow: Nor does anyone know in what land he is to die. Verily with Allah is full knowledge and He is acquainted (with all things).
(43:85) And blessed is He to Whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth, and all between them: with Him is the Knowledge of the Hour (of Judgment): and to Him shall ye be brought back.
What Allah has made known are what the end of times will be like through the Sign of Jesus and his times. This is to make us aware and prevent a similar situation from arising when the men of God are ridiculed, falsified, betrayed and crucified as Jesus was and the laws of the ungodly prevail as they did in the times of Jesus.
(47:18) Do they then only wait for the Hour,- that it should come on them of a sudden? But already have come some tokens thereof, and when it (actually) is on them, how can they benefit then by their admonition?
43:61 And indeed, (in Jesus and his times) surely (is) a knowledge of the Hour.
So (do) not (be) doubtful about it, and follow Me this is the straight path.
The reason the Hour is kept hidden is because if made known in advance, all the Kafirin will believe just before the Hour, as the Pharaoh believed when faced with certain death. Allah values belief only if we are at all times mindful of the Judgment to come and therefore behave in a just manner always.
(22:55) The Kafirin will not cease to be in doubt concerning (Revelation) until the Hour (of Judgment) comes suddenly upon them, or there comes to them the Penalty of a Day of Disaster.
(43:66) Do they only wait for the Hour - that it should come on them all of a sudden, while they perceive not?
(10:90) We took the Children of Israel across the sea: Pharaoh and his hosts followed them in insolence and spite. At length, when overwhelmed with the flood, he said: "I believe that there is no god except Him Whom the Children of Israel believe in: I am of those who submit (to Allah in Islam)." (91) (It was said to him): "Ah now!- But a little while before, wast thou in rebellion!- and thou didst mischief (and violence)! (92) "This day shall We save thee in the body, that thou mayest be a sign to those who come after thee! but verily, many among mankind are heedless of Our Signs!"
(21:49) Those who fear their Lord in their most secret thoughts, and who hold the Hour (of Judgment) in awe.
(42:17) It is Allah Who has sent down the Book in Truth, and the Balance (by which to weigh conduct). And what will make thee realise that perhaps the Hour is close at hand?
Belief in the Hereafter and therefore in the Hour of Judgment to come, are fundamental to Islam. Allah has provided by the example of the life of Jesus (pbuh) and his travails ending in his crucifixion a token or a Sign of what the end of times would be like. The end of time will be similar when ungodliness will prevail and the man of God will be reviled. The Hour itself is hidden as made clear through several verses and will be kept hidden until it actually comes. Our scholars mistook the verse to mean that the sign of Jesus is the sign of the actual hour. Since Muhammad (pbuh) came 600 years after Jesus, they reasoned that if Jesus is the sign of the actual Hour, then he must come a second time before the end of time! Our scholars arrive at the false conclusion ignoring several verses that make clear that the knowledge of the actual coming of the Hour is known to none and will be made known to none until it actually comes. As I have said before, Islamic scholarship is sub-standard, and needs to learn and incorporate the right standards of scholarship and apply the same to the understanding of the Quran. Until such time, the Muslims will never correctly understand the Quran.
Hats Off would rather have the religion and law of Satan prevail!
yeh Musulaman' hain jinhen' dekh kay sharmaye yahud"-Lamented Iqbal.
"...make the religion and law of Allah prevail.."?
All "end of time" scenarios are basically fairy tales and do not deserve our attention. Religions must be judged not by the exoticness of their futuristic scenarios but by their enhancement of humanism and love.


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Biografia
Giannicolò Conti (indicato anche col nome di Giovanni Nicola Conti di Poli) nacque nel 1617 a Poli, Roma. La sua famiglia aveva già dato alla Chiesa eminenti personaggi tra cui diversi pontefici quali Innocenzo III, Gregorio IX e Alessandro IV. Fu zio di papa Innocenzo XIII e del cardinale Bernardo Maria Conti (1721) ed era anche nipote del cardinale Carlo Conti (1604).

Destinato sin dalla gioventù alla carriera ecclesiastica, godendo anche di una posizione parentale rinomata, divenne prelato pontificio e commissario delle armi per le legazioni di Bologna, Ferrara e Ravenna. Presidente della Marche, venne prescelto quale referendario dei tribunali della Segnatura Apostolica (1652). Divenuto vicelegato ad Avignone (1655-1659), divenne governatore di Roma dal 20 novembre 1662 sino al 15 febbraio 1666.

Creato cardinale, venne in un primo tempo riservato in pectore nel concistoro del 14 gennaio 1664 e successivamente pubblicato nel concistoro del 15 febbraio 1666, ricevendo la porpora cardinalizia ed il titolo di Santa Maria in Traspontina il 15 marzo di quello stesso anno.

Fu eletto vescovo di Ancona e Umana il 29 marzo 1666. Optò quindi per l'ordine dei cardinali-vescovi, scegliendo la sede suburbicaria di Sabina l'8 agosto 1691, pur mantenendo l'amministrazione della sede di Ancona.

Morì il 20 gennaio 1698 ad Ancona. La sua salma venne esposta e sepolta successivamente nella cattedrale della città marchigiana.

Conclavi
Giannicolò Conti partecipò a cinque conclavi: a quello del
1667 che elesse a pontefice Clemente IX
1669-1670 che elesse Clemente X
1676 che elesse Innocenzo XI
1689 che elesse Alessandro VIII
1691 che elesse Innocenzo XII.

Genealogia episcopale e successione apostolica
La genealogia episcopale è:
 Cardinale Scipione Rebiba
 Cardinale Giulio Antonio Santori
 Cardinale Girolamo Bernerio, O.P.
 Arcivescovo Galeazzo Sanvitale
 Cardinale Ludovico Ludovisi
 Cardinale Luigi Caetani
 Vescovo Giovanni Battista Scanaroli
 Cardinale Girolamo Farnese
 Cardinale Giannicolò Conti

La successione apostolica è:
 Vescovo Pietro Lanfranconi, O.E.S.A. (1667)

Note

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Cardinali in pectore
Vescovi e arcivescovi di Ancona
Vescovi e cardinali vescovi di Sabina-Poggio Mirteto
G

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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FEATURE: MIAMI HERALD — Speed dating with a walker? Well, why not?
by Ana Veciana-Suarez, Syndicated Columnist, 1.30.2017
THE HAIR MAY BE GOING GRAY AND THE EYESIGHT DIM, but the yearning for social connection — for the touch of a hand, the sound of a companionable laugh — remains a person's strongest need through the decades.
In some cases the longing for love can mean a willingness to do the unexpected. Like speed dating at 80. Or speed dating while on an oxygen tank.
United Way of Miami-Dade volunteers and staff discovered this when they launched Continue United, an effort to bring retirees and pre-retirees together to contribute their time and talent to the community through the local nonprofit. The interest in the dating scene is such that Continue United's second event, a dinner-and-movie night scheduled for Feb. 2, sold out after a single email blast. The committee has started a waiting list for the evening, which is co-sponsored by AARP and the Consortium for a Healthier Miami-Dade.
"We were really shocked," says Ann Machado, CEO of Creative Staffing and chair of the Continue United committee. "Next event we'll need a bigger venue or multiple venues. I think the topic really did it."
Indeed, the documentary "The Age of Love" chronicles the hilarious and, yes, poignant adventures of 30 seniors who attend a first-of-its-kind speed dating event for 70- to 90-year-olds.
Speed dating with a walker? Well, why not?
"People are interested in this, really interested," Machado says. "I called people who signed up for it and they were talking about wanting to meet other people, even just for companionship."
While the movie-and-dinner evening in Miami won't involve any actual speed dating onsite, Machado hopes the film will encourage a robust and honest conversation about dating in later life. As older adults leave the workplace, many find themselves at loose ends and with limited opportunities to make new friends. Older singles also discover that the dating landscape is vastly different from that of their youth.
But so are their interests and priorities. The movie, Machado said, shows that physical attraction, while still important, is not the end-all be-all of the past. "The takeaway is that appearance, how the person looks on the outside, is just not as important as what's inside. But what's inside is hard to figure out from a picture on a dating website."
The idea to create Continue United was born after a national conference last year, when United Way executives realized that as baby boomers were retiring, their contributions to the nonprofit were falling — namely because most of the money that comes in is through payroll deduction. Machado put a committee together, drawing from a variety of retired and pre-retired United Way volunteers, to encourage older adults to continue contributing — and not just with money.
"The amount of talent sitting on the couch watching Ellen DeGeneres is astounding," Machado said, adding that the older generation is "an asset waiting to be tapped."
Miami was a natural site for experimentation. The county is home to the largest number of older adults in Florida, according to the United Way, with more than 500,000 people over the age of 60. That population is expected to increase 30 percent by 2025. In addition, United Way of Miami-Dade invests more than $1 million every year to partner in programs that offer everything from home-based services to congregate meals to case management.
Continue United is an initiative that Machado and her committee envision as a resource for the community. The initiative pairs older volunteers with a range of volunteer opportunities. In return, the volunteers benefit from staying socially engaged. Numerous studies have shown that volunteering promotes better mental and emotional health.
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Q: How to dynamically use icon in a React app based on a string value I have the following setup, and it is working.
import * as Icon1 from 'images/img1.svg'
import * as Icon2 from 'images/img2.svg'

const Foo = () => {
    return (<>
        <AComponent icon={Icon1}/>
    </>)
}

Now the task is to have the icon dynamically determined from a string value, so I try:
import * as Icon1 from 'images/img1.svg'
import * as Icon2 from 'images/img2.svg'

const Foo = () => {

    const theIcon = 'Icon1' // can be 'Icon2' at other times

    return (<>
        <AComponent icon={eval(theIcon)}/>
    </>)
}

This gives Runtime Error: ReferenceError: Icon1 is not defined.
So it would look like React has correctly identify Icon1 as a variable name, but it has failed to locate it from the imports.
Also it is possible to have theIcon = 'img1.svg', if need be. Just really would like to achieve the goal of dynamically assigning this icon.

A: It's simple:
<AComponent icon={stringVariable === "icon1" ? Icon1 : Icon2}/>

A: as @messerbill suggests, you can write a method for it which returns the correct value based on the given parameter.
The method can contain either a 'switch case' or 'if else statements'.
Also you can write an object with values based on icons you have imported:
import * as Icon1 from 'images/img1.svg';
import * as Icon2 from 'images/img2.svg';

const availableIcons = {
 icon1: Icon1,
 icon2: Icon2,
};

const getCorrectIcon:(givenName) => {
    return availableIcons[givenName];
}

const Foo = ({ iconName }) => {

   const theIcon = getCorrectIcon(iconName) ?? defaultValue;

   return (<>
       <AComponent icon={theIcon}/>
   </>)
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Moto Magazine
Largest Loop The Loop In A Car
By Gerard @presurfer
The largest loop the loop in a car measured 12.87 m (42 ft 2.69 in) in diameter and was achieved by Chinese Li Yatao from the Car Team of Zhejiang Youngman Lotus Automobile Co., Ltd. The loop was made from steel. It was 3.68 m (12 ft 0.88 in) wide and weighed 33,000 kg (72,752 lb). The car used was a Lotus L5 Sportback.
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text:
the body politic June 3, 2020
Don't Call It Rioting
By Rebecca Traister
Photo: Aaron P. Bernstein/Getty Images
In 1979, Maxine Waters was serving her first term as a California state assemblywoman from Los Angeles when one of her constituents, a 39-year-old widow named Eula Love, was shot eight times and killed in her own front yard after a dispute with police over a $22 gas bill. Love's case was Waters's public entrance into the fight against racist policing; she took up Love's case and publicly lambasted Daryl Gates, Los Angeles's police chief at the time, in a series of newspaper editorials highlighting the racial disparities of his police department's record. According to Jamilah King, who wrote about Waters's involvement in Love's case in 2017, Waters wrote at least three editorials between 1979 and 1982, demanding that Gates resign his position. But Gates continued to run the Los Angeles police into the 1990s, when members of his department were videotaped brutally beating an unarmed 25-year-old black taxi driver, Rodney King. Waters was by then in her first term as a member of Congress, and parts of the district that she represented were among those to erupt in violent protest in the wake of the 1992 acquittal of four of those officers; during the six days of unrest in Los Angeles, 63 people died and more than 2,000 were injured, and many in the news media and in Los Angeles city government were quick to describe the turmoil as "rioting." But Waters vocally resisted this; she saw the frustration and fury that undergirded the eruptions as rational political expressions of dissatisfaction and rebellion, and was extremely clear about it: "There are those who would like for me … to tell people to go inside, to be peaceful, that they have to accept the verdict," Waters said in a 1992 press conference. "I accept the responsibility of asking people not to endanger their lives. I am not asking people not to be angry … I am angry and I have a right to that anger and the people out there have a right to that anger." During those turbulent days, Waters brought food, water, and diapers to those constituents living without electricity or gas; she continued her decade-long crusade against Gates — who would finally lose his job in 1992 — and refused to give in to the language of rioting, insisting then, as now, on referring to the protests of 1992 as "an insurrection."
New York talked to Waters in the midst of the 2020 protests against police brutality and the killing of black Americans by the state.
Rebecca Traister: Can you talk about your longtime fight over the language of insurrection and unrest versus rioting? Why does language matter?
Maxine Waters: I've been reflecting on what was going on back in the day, when I was confronting Daryl Gates, starting when the police shot Eula Love, which brought me in contact with the police commission and brought me to taking a look at what was going on with police community relations. Take a look at one of the quotes from Daryl Gates on choke holds. [In 1982, in the midst of an investigation of the killing of 20-year-old James Thomas Mincey, who was stopped by the LAPD for a cracked windshield, then beaten with nightsticks, thrown to the ground and killed by choking, Gates famously said of the disproportionate use of choke holds by police against African-Americans, "We may be finding that in some blacks, when it is applied the veins or arteries do not open up as fast as they do on normal people."] He was saying that we in essence die when others, when "normal people," wouldn't be dead. He was differentiating "black people" from "normal people." And if you don't think of us as being "normal," you're not looking out for our welfare. You conclude that because we're not normal, abnormal things happen to us. That has stuck with me for a very long time.
A lot of negative language gets used against black people, describing what whites often believe is true about us: that language includes "lazy," "criminal," and "rioting." It's all negative language used far too often in a description of black people by folks who fundamentally don't see black people the same way they see whites and others. So when they talked about rioting in 1992, what I saw was an explosion of a hopelessness being played out. I'd been working with those children in public housing and understood what was going on with crack cocaine, that these communities had been dropped off of America's agenda, and the only real interaction they had was with police: the use of a battering ram to break down a door, as Daryl Gates did, or stopping young black men on the street to have them spread their legs to be searched by police. So when this unfortunate situation happened, where we had a lot of these young people in the street, they were acting out in anger and frustration. It reminded me of much of which I saw this past weekend, with people who had been cooped up because of COVID-19, who have lost jobs, whose family members have been getting infected, and then you have this police officer put his knee on the neck of George Floyd and hold it for eight minutes-plus, while his life drained out on the sidewalk … that was the straw that broke the camel's back. So yes, I said "insurrection": People acting out of frustration and hopelessness and understanding that they don't have an establishment — political or otherwise — that really cared about their ability to work or have good health care. Yes, I choose to call it an insurrection.
RT: How much of a direct line do you see between 1992 and this weekend, or more broadly, between the unrest of the 1960s, and the '90s, and Baltimore and Ferguson, and this weekend?
MW: I had a long talk with my grandson who is very politically aware and pays attention even though he's in the entertainment industry, about what's different [about this moment]. He said, "Look grandma, would you agree people have been cooped up because of social distancing, isolation, having been quarantined for a couple of months, plus 40 million people unemployed?" You have seniors graduating from high school who don't know what they're going to do, whether there's going to be college or whether there's going to be a job. Most know there's not going to be a job. You've got poor people who don't know where their next meal is coming from, and looking to government and wondering whether or not they're going to get more money in the stimulus plan. We talked about this state of mind and atmosphere people find themselves in. Then on top of that, you get this very, very unsettling display of a police officer using the power of that gun and that badge to literally kill somebody in plain daylight with people watching and begging him to stop, on top of all of what we've been experiencing in last few months: Breonna Taylor, Ahmaud Arbery, then that incident with what they call Karen [Amy Cooper calling the police on Christian Cooper in Central Park in late May]; the first thing I thought about that was Emmett Till, and all these stories of white women who have accused men of being sexually aggressive and been hung and been killed. The stories of blacks incorporate that story; and we all learn very early on, it's talked about a lot in the black community. There is all of that frustration, and yes, we remember what happened to Eric Garner who died from a choke hold, Trayvon Martin, Michael Brown, and on and on and on.
So you have young people who have decided that they're just not gonna take it anymore, and it's not just young blacks. It's young whites deciding to defy their mothers and fathers and families to be out in these streets. That's telling us something — that it's not only black people fed up with the police Establishment.
RT: What do you make of white participation in protests this weekend?
MW: There were plenty of whites involved in the civil-rights movement. So it's a kind of a renewal of understanding about this world and relationships between people. Don't forget that in addition to whites who worked in the civil-rights movement, back in the day we had groups meeting — encounter groups — and we would sit around and talk about who we were; I remember going to Malibu from South Central! So all I'm saying is it's a revitalization. And it's coming in a different way: A lot of these young people, young whites and blacks, have gone to school together, interacted in ways that even back then was rare.
RT: You've been a ferocious critic of Donald Trump, and have been open about his stoking of racist fury. Yet so much of the anger we're seeing voiced is at racist violence that has happened not only throughout America's history — under conservative and liberal presidential administrations — but also racist police brutality that has been enabled and protected within Democratic city governments, including New York, Los Angeles, Boston. How do you balance the political directions of mass fury right now?
MW: Look, the criminal-justice system has never really worked for black people. It's not designed to work for black people. For the most part, police officers have been majority white and juries have been majority white, and it's just in the past ten years that we're starting to see black people who are judges and attorneys general and higher up within a criminal-justice system. So we have always had to struggle in a criminal-justice system. Police officers have had a culture of protection not just of each other but also of juries and judges who tend to believe them, and see them as heroes and protectors of society, so you don't stand a chance. It's always justifiable homicide, we're told, so we have always had this problem in criminal justice.
But now on top of all of that, you have a president who has not been a part of the work that others have been doing to overcome this or try to change things. His relationship with blacks were those he could use to come to his casinos in order to attract people: athletes, boxers. He never had any respect for blacks to begin with. His rhetoric has been unbelievably racist from time to time, so yes, I think because of him and his racism he has dog-whistled, and sometimes not so subtly, to a constituency that will follow him no matter what he does, because of this. He is talking about putting his foot on the necks of blacks and Mexicans.
He's perhaps taken on the Mexicans more brazenly because he believed the visibility of them coming across the border made for good politics for him, because it played into the idea that he was going to stop those people from living in your neighborhood and taking your jobs. But then he's attacking icons like John Lewis and Elijah Cummings, talking about their districts as ratholes, and calling black countries "shitholes." This is racism in its purest form. He's making [his base] believe that if they felt it was not as easy to be openly racist as it was in the olden days, now they can feel it's all right. There are so many incidents that go unreported: My daughter told me about a [video of a] woman on the airplane that called the male steward a n—–. That's happening over and over again. I saw one [video of an] arrest where a woman — a black officer — apprehended someone and the guy said on the sidewalk waiting for the paddy wagon, said the word n—– over and over again to get the emotion out of her. We see the word n—– being used a lot more, we see other kinds of racism. I think the president is a racist, he's probably always been a racist; he comes from a racist family and I think he was influenced by his daddy who was a racist, refusing to rent to blacks. I said something about him the other day after he threatened protesters with vicious dogs: He's the most vicious dog we know! I said it because he called Omarosa a dog, he called me "low IQ," he called Nancy "crazy." So, yes, I think he's stoking this.
RT: I thought of him when you were talking about Daryl Gates line about "blacks" versus "normal people," and his statement this weekend that his supporters "love the black people," that made so explicit that he sees black Americans as wholly distinct from his base, and his vision of "making America great again." It's an acknowledgment that he doesn't see African-Americans as part of the whole of the nation he leads.
MW: I think a lot of people picked up on that. It was so obvious what "they love black people" is all about. It's his way of believing he can mislead folks at the same time he doesn't know how ridiculous he sounds, talking like that.
RT: What do you think is missing from coverage of the current unrest, what do people need to understand about the insurrections happening nationwide?
MW: What I really want is white people not to be afraid, to know that protesting against this kind of action does not mean that black people are going to take over their neighborhoods. I think that's what Trump wants them to believe: "I'm going to save you from these black people. I'm going to bring out the military." There is some thought in the black community that he wishes to be able to have martial law with his dictatorship attitude, that he really wants to be like Putin and Kim Jong-un, with total control. When I think about how he fires all of these inspectors general and others — anybody who criticizes or who may know something — because he wants sycophants around him, loving him, protecting him, agreeing with him. I just believe that all of America should be alert. I think what they should know is the president is dangerous and he is a would-be dictator. He's trying to destroy institutions, he's isolating us, he's firing people in ways we've never seen before. I think we should be concerned about the democracy and his dictatorship attitude, and we should be concerned that the polarization he creates and visions he fosters can lead to the kind of confrontation that would allow him to create martial law.
RT: Do you think that some of the confrontation we're seeing, though, via social media, in addition to a more reactionary mainstream media, is painting that confrontation differently, in a way that makes clear that police are escalating the violence as much or more than the protesters?
MW: I'm not sure. Think about what Trump does with his rhetoric: He said when you apprehend them, rough 'em up, not in this moment, but he's said it before. And I think too many Americans still think they need the police to be tough to stop those bad people. But I think we can count on this younger generation not to believe that, black and white. I know people romanticize the possibility of young people understanding their political potential. I don't really romanticize that. But I've been interacting with a lot of young people in the last three years or so, and I think they could be the change that happens. I don't think it's going to come from the older generation; the older generation is going to want the police to protect them from those people.
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text:
Park Narodowy Santa Teresa (hiszp.: Parque Nacional Santa Teresa) – park narodowy znajdujący się w departamencie Rocha w Urugwaju. Położony jest pomiędzy Oceanem Atlantyckim na wschodzie, a dużym jeziorem Laguna Negra na zachodzie. Obszar ma powierzchnię 1,050 ha i obejmuje głównie lasy oraz plaże wybrzeża atlantyckiego. Najbliższą miejscowością jest Punta del Diablo. Zachodnia granica parku przylega do drogi nr 9.

Na terenie parku znajduje się ośrodek kultury, niewielkie muzeum, ptaszarnia, liczne ogrody oraz duża szklarnia. Łącznie z okazami w szklarni, na terenie parku występują 64 gatunki flory rodzimej oraz 122 odmiany roślin zagranicznych.

Turystyka
Park posiada liczne szlaki turystyczne, pola namiotowe oraz miejsca do wypoczynku i grillowania. Linia brzegowa umożliwia surfing. Na wschodzie do parku przylega fort zbudowany w 1762 roku – Fortaleza de Santa Teresa.

Bibliografia

Parki narodowe w Urugwaju