Well, here I am at Jubilee with a 5 hour break in the middle of the afternoon for the third day in a row. Does that seem unnecessary to anyone else? I've only been to 2 shows this summer but in both cases there were looong breaks between sessions. The first show it was a bit understandable as the schedule simply was not filled, there were a lot of scratched classes which made the sessions much shorter. But there have been very few scratched classes here. I really don't get why they would intentionally set it up this way. What the heck am I supposed to do for 5 hours in Springfield, IL?
The schedule is going something like this. Show doesn't start til 10am and the session is 3 hours. So we're done around 1. Things don't pick up again until 6pm with another 3 hour session. There's enough time in between those 2 slots to have a third session in the day. If they set it up with 3 sessions in a day, this could easily be a 3 day show. I also can't help pointing out that if you move the in-hand to an evening before and go into Sunday afternoon (instead of ending Saturday night). This would still allow the folks near-by to get home by Sunday night and have Labor Day off on Monday. Since they'd only have to take Friday off it would make it much easier and less expensive for folks who work, and kids who are now in school to take the time away and make the show. Can anyone give me a reason why this is set up the way it is? I certainly don't see the benefit of these big long breaks.
I always assumed they did that to avoid the mid-afternoon heat. Alternately, maybe it's to make sure the grooms and trainers have a little bit of down time, since they're probably up working horses for hours after the last class at night.
When I lived in New England and showed the local (not Morgan) circuit, most of the shows would have three sessions a day. I guess that could be because the afternoon heat in that area is less likely to be lethal. Those three-session days meant the show started between 8 and 9, which meant getting up early to feed and groom if you had an early class. I am so not a morning person, so a 10 am start time sounds okay to me!
On the other hand, having been to Springfield, I do sympathize with your current situation.
I don't see afternoon heat in September in central Illinois to be much of a threat. Besides, everything is indoors or at least covered.
I'm really wishing right now that I'd only reserved my hotel for 2 nights instead of 3. I'd totally ditch out on the evening session and just go home right now. I don't think I'd come back to this show the way it's currently scheduled unless I had a good reason, even though I'm only 2.5 hours away.
There are a lot of large barns that go to this horse show and bring a LOT of horses – like 20-30 – and if you've never brought 20-30 horses anywhere, let me tell you that it's plenty of work. Considering that the trainers/grooms/various staff are usually lucky to get six hours of sleep a night, having that afternoon downtime can be a GODSEND… it gives the staff time for a break, time to have lunch, take a nap, maybe work a few horses, clean tack for the night's session coming up, braid horses, or just escape the showgrounds for a few hours. Keep in mind that plenty of barns are up at the crack of dawn to work horses and then show into the later evening. People – and horses – get tired if they're constantly going, going, going. There's also the fact that if the show were condensed, qualifiers would overrun one another. Considering that most bigger barns prefer to show their horses a maximum of once per day so as to guarantee the most brilliant performance, the number of championships and qualifiers at Jubilee would end up meaning that many horses would have to show more than once a day. Something like that would lessen class entries overall and probably make more than one amateur and trainer irritated. After all, going to a Big Deal Horse Show and showing in 2 classes can be a little bit of a letdown.
Believe it or not, horse shows are supposed to be fun, and while pounding out session after session might be a little more time-effective for spectators, it would make life a pain in the you-know-what for plenty of people showing and working. Plus, it's a Big Deal Regional Show. Four days is hardly a stretch for a bigger show. I know plenty of local A shows that run four days.
The mention of heat is a good one as well… this show is traditionally a week earlier, and it can be quite warm.
Try http://www.visit-springfieldillinois.com/ for something to do. Have you investigated any of the Lincoln Historical sites? There's enough to take up several or more hours of your time.
I agree with IED on exhibitors needing more down time in the afternoon.
Does anyone know who would have the information for the total number of horses at a given show, and if that information could be broken down by barn? I'd be interested to know how many horses the average exhibitor brings. How many people actually bring 20+ horses? What percentage of the participants are we actually catering to by scheduling this way?
I also think if we want the breed to grow we need to make it friendly to the smaller barns. And to the spectators. There are at least 2 other events going on at the fairgrounds this weekend. If someone wanders over in the middle of the afternoon, curious about what we're up to they're not going to see anything. What a great marketing opportunity we may be missing.
There is no perfect schedule that pleases everyone, but, I am a fan of the 2 session day. Usually the first session goes until about 2:30 or 3. If you're in one of the last few classes, you can put your horse away, clean up, feed, leave by 4ish and get a shower and something to eat before you head back. It wouldn't take 20+ horses to have a late afternoon class and an early evening class. You leave by 4 and you aren't exactly twiddling your thumbs if you're in any of the first 3-4 classes that evening. If I'm showing in a session, I'm pretty much always there by the beginning of that session (who knows what could be canceled, etc). If I am the first class at 6, I'm there by 5 at the very latest. So, my big break just became an hour. Anyone there with 8-10 horses or more is going to have this. At 3 session shows I have to get my horses worked either by 8 (if it starts at 9) or after the last class at night. I find my kids aren't so sharp at night, so, I find myself making them get up pretty early to be there to practice. And the adults…even harder:) Wasn't the street party there last night? Asking alot of them to be there before 10 is just pointless on Sat am at Jubilee, I'm afraid:) This party has become a beloved tradition and people have FUN at it!
I haven't shown at Jubilee in about 10 years but I remember the 2 sessions being an awesome thing! It is one of the few shows where there is plenty of time to go out to lunch with friends, take a nap in the afternoon (essential after the street party!), swim at the hotel, or just relax! Jubilee was always one of my favorite shows!
Ok, now that all is said and done, looking back at my afternoon comments, a lot of that was probably coming out of frustration and boredom. Doesn't mean I don't still think those things, but they're mostly personal thoughts of a spectator who doesn't know a lot of people and is sticking around for the better part of the show. If the sessions did go 1-2 hours longer it would've taken away some of my afternoon down time and helped a lot.
…. um, I know I had more thoughts to tick off, but they've left my brain.
Oh, I was going to comment that there was hardly anybody at the street party this year! I remember it being crowded last year. This year I was hanging out down in one of the lower barns and when I walked out I could see all the way to the end of the street, the crowd was really thin. It was a bit cool out last night, but that's the only thing I can think of that would explain the apparent lack of interest.
LOL Well glad things are getting a bit better!
Boredom is a terrible monster. Sometimes a good afternoon Siesta is helpful too. I think 5 hours is a bit long, but if that break is possible would you like the 5 hour break in the morning or evening? Afternoon makes a bit more sense. Now I have never been to this show, but hey!!! That's what this site is for!!
I do understand that a trainer with a large show string would welcome the long break. However, I would love to show more, but I show without a trainer and I can't take a week off of work 4-5 times during the summer to go to a horse show, and then to have a 4+ hour break in the middle of each day is frustrating. I think many of the shows would benefit from a Thur-Sun or Fri-Sun schedule and combining some classes that are nearly always light in entries (which would still allow time for a 3+ hour break between sessions), or perhaps the show committee could put more of the open classes at the beginning of the schedule and the amateur classes at the end (a scheduling nightmare I am sure, so maybe impossible) to accomodate both the big trainers and the small farms or individuals. For the smaller farms, it is expensive and inconvenient to be away for an entire week and have to pay for extra help at home and not be able to work the string that isn't at the show. I realize you can't please everyone, but it would be great to be able to meet in the middle and may increase numbers at some of the shows.
This is nothing new, though. I remember years ago at Indiana with 4-5 hours to kill between sessions; Michigan also used to have long breaks. If you're not a trainer–just an exhibitor–it can be pretty boring. I guess it pays to research the cities you're going to be in, and see what you can find that would be fun to fill your time. Worse to me than long breaks are those odd 2-3 hour breaks when you can't really do anything more than sit around and wait.
As someone who works at shows, I enjoy any break I can get. We normally take anywhere from six to ten horses and our schedule always has at least one session where all of our horses are showing right after eachother in that session. Those long breaks come in handy both before that hectic session and certainly after it. A long break before means we have enough time to go eat and have a little downtime before getting all of our horses ready when each horse can take up to 45minutes to get ready if only one person is working on them. And a long break after means we can go back to the camper/hotel and possibly get a nap in before it's time to get back.
I whole-heartedly agree with this statement. However, with big shows/regionals like Jubilee it kind of makes sense to cater to the bigger barns to a certain extent. If trainers had to show their GN prospects three times a day at a regional show, they would probably stop bringing their top horses to that regional show. And if their grooms kept quitting in protest after several 20-hour, no-break days, they might rethink attending shows with that kind of schedule.
Personally, I think the key to attracting and retaining the smaller operations and the DIY amateur-owners is to make sure there are smaller shows that are friendly to them, which probably doesn't mean creating new Morgan shows, but making sure there are Morgan classes at existing open shows. But that's a whole other topic.
As for non-horsey spectators, in my experience, if they show up at all it'll be for an evening session anyway. But it seems like most shows of any breed or sport are lucky to get outside spectators at all. Again, that's a whole other topic.
Thanks for your comments guys. After sleeping on it I did remember the other comments I was going to make. First of all, as I think someone has mentioned, since Jubilee is a Regional show, I think I have less of a problem with it catering more toward the larger barns (although by doing so is that saying they're more likely to have the better horses? Maybe so, maybe not, I don't know).
Also, I have to admit, last year I had a weanling filly at the show for the Futurity. I took her with a trainer and acted as a groom for my trainer to offset some of the training costs. I honestly don't remember how long the breaks were last year, I know we were hopping busy all day long. I got there around 7am and didn't leave until we were done with classes for the day. So, I do understand it can get really busy.


I had given up on Harvard Medical School (HMS) after getting rejected. I even hid all my MCAT notes and books in a place far, far away. Going to HMS seemed like a crazy thing for someone with pathetic MCAT scores. I deleted all traces of HMS from my phone, laptop, threw away the HMS diary, lanyard etc. I have tried so hard to enter HMS; I even ignored the nasty comments by naysayers and haters. I know that it was my late mum's dying wish for her daughter to go to HMS. As of now, HMS est un rêve (is a dream).
Some years later, a good friend of mine, T, before leaving for the UK for his Masters, asked me to join him at this London university which is quite good. He said that they are scholarships for PhD students like me. He made me promise to apply. I said that I would take a look at the programme website.
Then, I had a dream.
I dreamt that I was filing up the application form, excited at starting the PhD at T's university.
Suddenly, a voice boomed out. It was a strong voice. Powerful but not scary.
I woke up in sweats. It was dawn.
But I thought, how could we mortals hear God's voice?
Could the devil be messing with my mind?
Surely the devil won't want me to seek valuable knowledge to help mankind, right?
Anyway, I didn't tell T about the dream. I simply told him that the courses at his university didn't interest me.
Oh my Harvard. What am I supposed to do?


text:
Girlhood and Ethics
The Role of Bodily Integrity
Author: Mar Cabezas 1 and Gottfried Schweiger 2
1 University of Salzburg mmarcabezas@gmail.com
2 University of Salzburg Gottfried.Schweiger@sbg.ac.at
https://doi.org/10.3167/ghs.2016.090304
agency; health; self-relations; vulnerability; well-becoming
Our concern is with the ethical issues related to girlhood and bodily integrity—the right to be free from physical harm and harassment and to experience freedom and security in relation to the body. We defend agency, positive self-relations, and health as basic elements of bodily integrity and we advocate that this normative concept be used as a conceptual tool for the protection of the rights of girls. We assume the capability approach developed by Martha Nussbaum as an ethical framework that enables us to evaluate girls' well-being and well-becoming in relation to the potential, and often subtle, threats they face. The capability approach can be understood as a theory of justice, and, therefore, as an ethical and political approach. An enriched concept of bodily integrity can help in the design of better policies to address gender biases against girls because it could contribute to seeing them as active agents and valid participants.
Introduction: Framing the Capability Approach and Girls' Rights
As the original call for articles for this Special Issue of Girlhood Studies on Ethical Practice highlighted, this is a much under-studied area in feminist research, and one which calls for both theoretical frameworks and practical applications. We believe that it is crucial for us to begin with theory so we draw on what economist Amartya Sen (1993, 1997, 2005) refers to as capability theory in an attempt to better capture inequalities and provide a basis for measuring well-being in the lives of girls. The capability approach can be interpreted as a non-ideal normative theory of justice and freedom, and, therefore, as a framework in which to theorize ethical and political challenges concerning girlhood given its bottom-up approach to real problems and its focus on how "social context sets the conditions for individual freedoms" (Unterhalter et al. 2007: 13). Nussbaum has further developed the idea of various capabilities as being intimately related to bodily integrity. These capabilities range from being able to lead a life in which health, nutrition, shelter, mobility, reproductive rights and so on feature to being able to play and have fun, and from being able to enjoy education to being able to be free from harmful pain. For Nussbaum, these capabilities should not depend on context but should be universal. In her own words, bodily integrity is a human central capability and consists of "[b]eing able to move freely from place to place, to be secure against violent assault, including sexual assault and domestic violence, having opportunities for sexual satisfaction and for choices in matters of reproduction" (2011: 33). Functionings, in this approach, are not just what human do but what they have already accomplished.
A holistic concept of bodily integrity as applied to girls should make those aspects of control that concern the restrictions imposed on girls and governance over their bodies explicit. There are several reasons for this. First, bodily integrity is itself a multidimensional functioning and capability; it encompasses physical and mental health, positive self-relationships, and agency. In other words, only when a girl is sufficiently healthy, has agency, and a positive relationship with her own body and personhood, can her bodily integrity be satisfied. Second, bodily integrity is not a passive or negative concept based on being protected against various harms, but an active and positive one that necessarily implies that girls are active agents of their own lives, that they need their bodies to function, and that they need to have control over them. Third, girls' bodily integrity is not static; it is dynamic and developing. An adult woman, for example, could have the capability of living a healthy life yet can autonomously decide to follow an unhealthy diet, not as a symptom of an illness like, for instance, anorexia, but simply as a free decision on how to lead her own life. Girls' bodily development, however, needs a balance between protection and personal agency. Here, the notion of agency refers to certain cognitive, emotional, and psychological features the agent may possess, and her ability to influence her environment and the persons in it. Our emphasis on the need for special protection for girls does not mean to render their agency invisible. On the contrary, the aim of this protection is to guarantee their agency through the capability of their bodily integrity.
Despite the requirements of the UN Convention of the Rights of the Child (CRC) (UN 1989) alongside the Beijing Convention on Women Rights (UN 1995) there still remains a gap in the awareness of subtle and specific threats and challenges that affect girls because of the concurrence of two (potential or actual) biases—those related to gender and those related to childhood. Nura Taefi (2009) has called this the intersectionality of age and gender in that females are protected in a fragmentary way either as children or as women with its subsequent fragmentation of their identity. The UN initiative that focused on education for girls1 is a valuable step towards the materialization of girls' rights through concrete measures. However, a holistic approach that includes the perspectives of girls is still missing. Such an approach might better coordinate efforts and avoid re-victimizations and potential inconsistencies among different areas of feminist work, namely, those concerning children's rights and those focused on women's rights and gender inequality. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights along with those outlined in CRC have been criticized for their claim of universality2 (Ignatieff 2001). Despite their success on paper concerning ratification, many daily ethical issues affecting girlhood remain invisible or untangled from those affecting women.
Bearing the human rights framework in mind, we discuss the capability approach as one philosophical normative approach that could provide a way to help realize the ethical demands of justice for girls. We focus on the capability and functioning of bodily integrity, which connects physical and mental health, positive self-relationships, and agency. The capability of bodily integrity can help us to visualize how different human areas are interconnected; this is especially relevant for moral damage and vulnerability in relation to girlhood.
Assuming Dixon and Nussbaum's (2012) perspective, we advocate for the connection between their approach to children's rights and the CRC. Nussbaum has also shown that the capability approach is sensitive to gender inequalities and may therefore be an ethical framework that could do justice to marginalized women who are discriminated against. However, Nussbaum (2000, 2003, 2005) has not tackled the specific issue of girls' rights as part of children's rights in the same thorough manner and has overlooked the relevance for girlhood of the distinction between agency and well-being. The capability approach is based on three basic concepts—capabilities, functionings, and conversion factors—that make this approach a suitable tool for building a flexible and open ethical theory.
Capabilities, Functionings, and Conversion Factors
As we have explained, capabilities are freedoms of a person to do or be something that is of value to him or her. Functionings are the realized capabilities. Capabilities describe possibilities while functionings describe actual states of doing or being. Conversion factors refer to the means that are necessary to gain a certain capability, which can then be transformed into a functioning if the person so wishes. For example, a girl has the capability of kicking a soccer ball if she knows how to, is in a physical and mental state to do so, is not prevented by anyone else, has access to a soccer ball and, finally, if the environment allows her to do this. The only obstacle that stands between this person and her kicking a soccer ball—which means achieving this particular functioning—is her own will or preferences. These named conditions are the conversion factors in this case. If one of these is missing, this girl lacks the capability of kicking a soccer ball and hence cannot achieve this functioning. However, whether she thinks she deserves to have access to a soccer ball and whether she thinks she has the resources and strength to reverse any present circumstance preventing her from accessing that experience of kicking it is directly linked to her capabilities related to her self-relationship, which are, in turn, intimately linked to her bodily integrity in terms of agency.
The capability approach demands that human beings be provided with the necessary means and skills to freely live the life they consider worth living; human beings should be able to choose what they want to achieve in their lives. Since the bodily integrity of girls is an underdeveloped notion with great potential for their well-being and well-becoming, we will focus our argument on this capability.
Well-being and Well-becoming of Girls
Girls' well-being and well-becoming should be ensured by girls' rights. These concepts are obviously multidimensional and complex and rest not only on ethical assumptions about human moral status, vulnerability, dignity, and the need for respect and consideration, but also on empirical knowledge about girls' lives (Bagattini and Macleod 2014). Well-being describes the capabilities and functionings that a girl needs right now as a child to live a good and healthy life. Well-becoming is concerned with what girls need to live a good life as they grow up and become women. Nonetheless, well-being and well-becoming are not merely descriptive concepts; they are normative ones since they include an idea of what one deserves and what would be good for one.
Risk factors for girls' well-being and well-becoming, such as gender inequality, may become threats to girls' functionings. Since these threats are likely to endanger girls' bodily integrity and limit their chances to realize their basic freedoms, risk factors can be seen to be an instance of injustice when they are preventing, truncating or putting girls' well-being and well-becoming at risk. A very simple example is the social double standard used in judging male and female promiscuity that labels girls as sluts and boys as studs. Nearly all aspects that are important for girlhood have some influence on later life, and nearly all aspects of womanhood are to some extent influenced by girlhood (Conroy et al. 2010; Horgan 2009; Landry and Cooper 2014). Well-being and well-becoming should not be understood as merely subjective concepts that reflect only how a girl feels about herself. Rather, they combine objective and subjective elements. There is a need for measurable criteria to objectively estimate a society's level of justice toward girls and to show how an unjust situation, after the application of some social measures, has changed or improved. This would be especially helpful to articulate and eventually avoid ideological biases that could jeopardize girls' freedoms. Therefore, using the theory surrounding the notion of bodily integrity could shed light on where to establish a sufficient threshold since this concept encompasses agency, self-relations, and health. Thus, a society would be more equitable if the basic capabilities of its citizens were granted at least to a threshold where having enough resources for a decent living was secured.
Although we will return to this point later, in relation to the potential conflicts between girls' well-being and caregivers' personal, religious or other cultural positions, the individual is ultimately the subject of rights. To put it differently, the girl, and not a given religion or tradition, is the subject of rights. This is extremely important in the case of girls: her bodily integrity and, in turn, her individual rights can be severely endangered so that a particular cultural and/or religious tradition can continue to exist. Practices such as genital mutilation, forced adolescent marriage, or the behavior expected, under threat of punishment, of adolescent girls in a given society, such as their compliance with what is thought to be appropriate sexual conduct and their role in households are some examples (Aggleton and Parker 2012). Hence, respect for bodily integrity is a useful criterion to employ when respect for cultural traditions threatens to take precedence over respect for the individual girl. Employing such a criterion does not mean falling into moral relativism but, rather, it offers an ethical threshold that should not be surpassed for the sake of respecting cultural differences. In other words, cultural differences should be respected until they threaten to violate the person's bodily integrity, so that the casuistic differences in the lives of girls will not become a perverse argument to justify violations of their rights.
Girls' Bodily Integrity
As previously mentioned, we advocate for the notion of the capability of bodily integrity to become a theoretical tool that can be used to elucidate specific vulnerabilities that can go unnoticed with the use of traditional top-down theories of justice. Without dismissing the experiences of boys, we recognize that girls face specific threats such as sexual abuse including coerced prostitution, and interfamily and external violence in radically different ways than do boys (Melrose and Pearce 2013; Upmark et al. 2007). However, clear-cut cases of threats to bodily integrity impressively demonstrate how they harm girls' well-being and well-becoming, influencing their long-term physical and mental health, their agency and, eventually their self-realization (Rafferty 2013; McKenney and Bigler 2016; Shute et al. 2008). For example, girls and women are more likely to be targets of the sexual aggression of men when they are alone at night. Violence against girls and women continues to be permissible in many societies and manifests in the form of rape culture and the policing of the female body. The logic of domination (Warren 1990) is crystalized as part of the cultural context worldwide, which may lead to a double victimization of girls. Here, this refers to being female, belonging to a quantitative or qualitative minority, and being aware of this in that such awareness (and the fear) of having a greater chance of becoming a victim just because of one's sex3 presents this second layer of victimization (Finkelhor 1993; DeGue et al. 2012). The sexually abused girl who has also to face cultural and social assumptions about her sexuality and her expression of it, her role in society and in the family (Felix and MacMahon 2006) may end up modulating her own construction of her self in the active exploration and development of "her own conception of what it is she has reason to value" (Unterhalter et al. 2007: 15). The notion of bodily integrity, although valuable for both sexes, becomes especially useful in the case of girlhood, given the active role of the individual in this process and given that girls are still more likely than boys to experience sexism.
If girls' bodily integrity were to be considered a central capability in policy design this would prevent children's rights to physical and mental health, education, housing and so on being seen as unrelated to a child's identity and this would, in turn, make visible many gender-biased violations and threats against girls. In such a scenario instances of gender-related injustice could be better faced and dealt with. It is vital to scrutinize the elements that shape our concept of bodily integrity while providing some examples of how this capability could help in visualizing gender biases affecting girls' capabilities and functionings.
We must recognize that sufficiently realized bodily integrity can positively influence other capabilities/functionings. Conversely, when it is violated or truncated, other areas of well-being and well-becoming are heavily affected (Wolff and de-Shalit 2007). Instances of damage related to bodily integrity, which are very common for girls, are corrosive in that they might modulate girls' agency, self-relation, and health. For example, fashion editorials in which women are shown as victims of a collective rape, or as sick, fragile, kidnapped, or objectified might not directly violate any girl's rights, but they may jeopardize and shape girls' self-relation and agency, as well as their physical and psychological health. If the imperative to maintain bodily integrity were to be invoked subtle but long-term corrosive threats to girls' well-being and well-becoming that shape how girls may develop other capabilities/functionings would become apparent. These kind of threats, made apparent, would be seen to be affecting girls' ability to live the kind of life they want to realize. We assume the criterion of sufficiency to establish a demandable threshold regarding social justice. In doing so, we assume that the basic capabilities should be realized and protected at least to a level that could guarantee a decent living for every human being, and we recognize that our understanding of who we want to be is socially co-constructed (Deneulin and McGregor 2010). This recognition is reason enough to reject, ethically, those visions that compromise a minimum development of human capabilities, and especially bodily integrity, while maintaining a certain openness to cultural differences.
When bodily integrity is understood as a combination of several capabilities/functionings, it becomes clear why a right to bodily integrity is of such importance, especially during girlhood, not only insofar as physical and mental health is concerned but also in terms of a positive relationship to the self and to agency. Positive self-relationships are fertile4 for the development of the girl, because these positive self-relations are necessary for someone to develop into an independent adult with a strong sense of worthiness (Honneth 2004). Without the achievement of self-confidence, self-respect, and self-esteem, the development of an undistorted self, capable of making important choices for oneself, is very unlikely. Moreover, these are also fertile for the actual well-being of the girl and the achievement of other capabilities and functions that matter during girlhood. For example, self-confidence, self-respect and self-esteem are connected to (physical and mental) health, to the ability to participate in social activities, and to engage in social relationships, learning, and playing. All these are valuable functions for human beings and may become useful in terms of detecting invisible and subtle violations of girls' rights since these functions shift the focus towards what should be achieved as a matter of justice. Positive self-relationships are not only important; they also influence whether and to what extent other dimensions of a girls' well-being and well-becoming are fulfilled.
Although childhood and femininity are highly socially constructed concepts (Appell 2009; Plumwood 1993), a dialectic balance should be found here between the different social agents interacting with girls so that an appropriate agency develops between the responsibility to protect and the promotion of their evolving capability to act freely. For this reason, it would not be enough to say that women should be "in control of all aspects of their health, in particular their own fertility" (UN 1995), for this prescription can be ambiguous in the case of girls. Rather, we point out the crucial role for girls of a right to bodily integrity, taking into consideration the developing nature of girlhood. This would be a rich way to avoid oppressive paternalistic measures while still protecting girls and thus avoiding the frequent scenarios in which many instances of injustice go unnoticed. In other words, the capability of bodily integrity as a normative guide would avoid despotic measures where the beneficiaries of those measures have no voice. What is known as soft paternalism5 seems helpful in reconciling the two ideas of bodily integrity as choice and as protection in the case of girls. Although Nussbaum's capability approach has received some notable criticism for not being sufficiently neutral and for favoring some conceptions of the good life (Claassen 2014), we understand this as a potential advantage of the capability approach compared to formal or deontological ethical theories. The fact that it is not completely neutral avoids the acceptance of moral relativism, so that providing some minimum ethical material standards on what a good life requires could actually benefit the realization of girls' rights.
As a result of some of the limitations of top-down approaches such as principlism, based as it is on the moral principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice, the agency of girls is often misdirected by social and cultural gender-biased assumptions. This aspect, alongside the integration of mental and physical health, agency, and positive self-relationships may be under threat, particularly during adolescence, and in very subtle ways. For example, socially excluded Romani teenage girls in Spain who assume their cultural gender role experience a source of conflict between their expected submission and acceptance of early marriage and the concurrent abandonment of school and their dreams of living what they call a normal life (Pitillas and Gómez 2014). The fact that about "one in five women and one in 71 men in the United States have experienced rape or attempted rape in their lifetimes" (DeGue et al. 2012: 1211) is remarkable. According to this research, nearly half of all women and one fifth of all men in this geographical context have experienced other forms of sexual violence. Although this statistic refers to adults, early experiences become a representational template of the world so that indirect victimization during girlhood should not remain unremarked. The development of the ability to discriminate between several threats in a given society is key to how the child will interpret and evaluate a given experience (Garbarino 2000). The same would happen regarding the social expectations of how a girl should behave. As a result, being a girl growing up in a context in which she sees how women are more likely to become victims of a kind of violence (Pinheiro 2006) will modulate whether she sees herself as a potential victim or not, which, in turn, will shape her self-concept and agency by filtering the decisions that she may feel free and comfortable to make. This, alongside other specific cultural and social obstacles and cultural expectations and prejudices about female sexuality makes girls' bodily integrity especially vulnerable (Cook and Dickens 2000).
Since the notion of bodily integrity is based on seeing the person as a whole, it may help to incorporate explicit gender-sensitivity into the capability approach (Robeyns 2003) without assuming that what works for boys works for girls (Greene 2015; Cowie 2012). In the same way, what works for some girls may not work for other girls living in another context or with different needs. Thus, the perspective of the capability approach and the focus on the bodily integrity of girls might be helpful in bringing together the universal moral claims of the discourse of human rights and the need to engage with casuistic differences. This leads to questions regarding the ability to effectively detect and criticize such violations of girls' rights and discern how they can be stopped.
Every right is implemented in a particular social context that is also shaped by views on gender (Croll 2006). While this means that every policy that aims to implement girls' rights will have to deal with such gender roles, the empowerment of girls and the implementation of their rights will not work without changes in many societal contexts. In providing a normative framework for analyzing the living conditions, well-being, and well-becoming of girls, the concept of capability/functioning of bodily integrity is well-suited to tackle issues concerning the implementation of policies that help overcome injustices concerning girls' rights while also giving space to their own agency. Hence, since the emphasis lies on the realization of those capabilities, the capability approach, in being sensitive to the particular threats girls face in today's world (Rafferty 2013; Sauer and Neubauer 2014; Bunting 2005), may turn out to be a suitable approach to help meet their needs. Furthermore, this approach might ensure that girls' rights are not understood in a paternalistic way since girls themselves are entitled to a voice and empowerment according to their capacities, however overlooked an aspect this is in the human rights discourse. As a result, this approach could be ethically valuable in recognizing girls as active agents with moral standing, which, in turn, could facilitate respecting their visions and aims. In other words, the capability approach would make explicit how defending a group's rights without considering that group's voice is already an instance of injustice and indicates a failure to respect it.
The Right to Bodily Integrity in Policy Making
Defending only a right to health, education or autonomy as compartmentalized areas of a person's life without paying attention to how they are related to each other and to how girls face different challenges and have specific needs, might lead to unfairness. If concrete measures are not implemented, such inequity, in turn, might then be reflected in policy-making. Many voices coming from difference feminisms (Held 1995; Tong et al. 2004) and feminist care ethics (Gilligan 1993), in introducing bottom-up context-specific approaches, and in having pointed out how a universal concept of justice that does not pay attention to contextual differences can become unjust, and therefore perverse, identify significant defects in the top-down justice theories. However, a specific focus on girlhood needs to be established. This could be effected if the capability/functioning of bodily integrity were integrated into girls' rights policies since functionings can be seen as the content of human rights' discourse. Such attention to the design of better policies for girls could help to abolish or at least mitigate gender biases that affect childhood.
As a result of internalized social codes that reinforce passivity in females and aggressiveness in males (Gilligan 1993; Worell and Goodheart 2006), girls' perspectives may be more likely to be invisible in the public sphere. Girls may also be economically dependent even when they are contributing to the household. Being a wage earner, even the main one, is often not associated with being empowered in other social roles (Faizi and Shah 2014) and their reduced autonomy and circumscribed social role might still lead to a deep sense of helplessness concerning their own options in their current and future lives. The necessity to work as a child may rob a girl of other opportunities. Besides, as already discussed, girls, and perhaps particularly adolescent ones, suffer a specific gender-biased coercion in terms of social expectations (LeMaire et al. 2016), body image, manners, and habits (Hayes and Tantleff-Dunn 2010), so that opportunities to develop and exercise their bodily agency might also be overlooked.
Although the commitment to "ensure the full implementation of the human rights of women and of the girl child as an inalienable, integral and indivisible part of all human rights and fundamental freedoms" (UN 1995: article 9) is already a milestone in the social and political recognition of girls as subjects of rights, the application of the notion of bodily integrity could help in applying this general statement to concrete cases and could ultimately empower girls through measures that respect and guarantee their rights because this emphasis on capability shifts the focus to the girl herself.
The need to preserve the bodily integrity of girls could have a double function in policy-making. First, it could be used as a theoretical tool to detect unnoticed instances of injustice, and ascertain whether the best interests of girls are being respected in a given policy or law. Second, it could contribute, as a filter, to scrutinize the moral validity of political proposals, checking whether a given proposal would respect the three areas of a girls' bodily integrity in both the short-term and long-term, not only from a financial and physical standpoint, but also in relation to her psychological development and agency. The focus on agency, self-relation, and health that provides the capability of bodily integrity could help to place the girl in the resourceful role of a valid agent of change related to her daily experiences. This may well help to develop measures more in line with each girl's reality and needs. Although a discussion on how this could be implemented in concrete policies is beyond the scope of this article, adding an obligation to check, at an institutional level, whether a policy poses a threat to this capability and its aforementioned three main fields could function as an initial preventative step and improve social awareness concerning the challenges to girls of girlhood.
Introducing a right to bodily integrity for girls differs from positive discrimination measures that are designed to rebalance an asymmetric situation, favoring those who are under adverse conditions. Rather, introducing special checks and filters in the three areas that make up bodily integrity could help eradicate those adverse conditions by guaranteeing that deeply socially accepted and biased assumptions do not make it into public policies. Otherwise, those policies could turn into instances of injustice when applied to girls. Examples could include anything from initiation rituals in puberty to questionable procedures in beauty contests for girls. Similarly, one might think that such a direction in policy-making could conflict with parental rights since in many moral and political dilemmas the rights of two different subjects of rights may collide. However, here the conflict could be solved by increasing parental skills through preventative educational interventions. Likewise, this conflict would entail an asymmetry, which differs from cases when two adult subjects of rights find that one's right to autonomy could interfere with someone else's right to justice. In this case, parents or caregivers are subjects of rights with a specific obligation to help fulfill girls' rights, since they, alongside states and institutions, are the main agents of justice in relation to girls' well-being and well-becoming.
Finally, this could lead to tensions between a universal theory of justice and the respect for cultural variations. However, as previously mentioned, the dimensions of bodily integrity are simultaneously concrete and flexible enough to be applied in a context-sensitive way both in terms of a girl's maturity, and a girl's social and cultural setting without a given religion, tradition or culture overtaking her rights. This idea becomes clearer if human rights are connected to bodily integrity since abstract notions such as culture, tradition or religion would lack that dimension. Certainly, traditional rituals may result in huge violations of a girl's bodily integrity, whereas others may be neutral. Nevertheless, certain cultural habits might subtly harm girls' bodily integrity, such as street sexual harassment also known as catcalling, which is still a common practice and is frequently considered a way of complimenting girls for their physical appearance but is actually about (male) power. The capability/functioning of bodily integrity is therefore especially useful in these cases, first because even western societies tend to react to severe cases of violence and crime but hardly detect the daily soft violence that feeds sexism as an instance of injustice, and second, because the right to bodily integrity has the potential to make the connections between different rights explicit and visible.
The research for this article was funded by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF): P26480.
See http://www.ungei.org/
Both discourses have been accused of eurocentrism. These discourses, it is sometimes said, imply a new form of cultural imperialism as products of liberalism.
We are well aware of the devastating effects of abuse on boys and, without ignoring their experiences, we point out only how girls' knowing that they have more chances of being sexually assaulted just because of their sex affects their identity formation and decisions.
The concept of fertile capabilities should be interpreted, as suggested by Anver de-Shalit and Jonathan Wolf, in the sense of fruitful: "First there are those where a disadvantage in one functioning leads to disadvantages in others. This we have called a 'corrosive disadvantage'. In other cases, doing well in one functioning will lead to improvements in other functionings. This we have named a 'fertile functioning'" (2007:133–134).
Soft paternalism refers to acts carried out for the well-being but against the will of less than substantially autonomous agents (Schramme 2015).
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United Nations General Assembly, 1995. Report of the Fourth World Conference on Women. http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/beijing/pdf/Beijing%20full%20report%20E.pdf. (accessed 4 July 2016).)| false
Unterhalter, Elaine, Rosie Vaughan, and Melanie Walker. 2007. "The Capability Approach and Education." Prospero 13, no. 3: 13–21.
Unterhalter, Elaine, Rosie Vaughan, and Melanie Walker. 2007. "The Capability Approach and Education." Prospero 13, no. 3: 13–21.)| false
Upmark, Marianne, Karin Borg, and Kristina Alexanderson. 2007. "Gender Differences in Experiencing Negative Encounters with Healthcare: A Study of Long-Term Sickness Absentees." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 35, no. 6: 577–584. doi:10.1080/14034940701362194
Upmark, Marianne, Karin Borg, and Kristina Alexanderson. 2007. "Gender Differences in Experiencing Negative Encounters with Healthcare: A Study of Long-Term Sickness Absentees." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 35, no. 6: 577–584. doi:10.1080/1403494070136219410.1080/14034940701362194)| false
Warren, Karen. 1990. "The Power and the Promise of Ecological Feminism." Environmental Ethics 12, no. 2: 125–146.
Warren, Karen. 1990. "The Power and the Promise of Ecological Feminism." Environmental Ethics 12, no. 2: 125–146.10.5840/enviroethics199012221)| false
Wolff, Jonathan, and Avner de-Shalit. 2007. Disadvantage. Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press.
Wolff, Jonathan, and Avner de-Shalit. 2007. Disadvantage. Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199278268.001.0001)| false
Worell, Judith, and Carol D. Goodheart, eds. 2006. Handbook of Girls' and Women's Psychological Health. Oxford Series in Clinical Psychology. New York: Oxford University Press.
Worell, Judith, and Carol D. Goodheart, eds. 2006. Handbook of Girls' and Women's Psychological Health. Oxford Series in Clinical Psychology. New York: Oxford University Press.)| false
Mar Cabezas is a postdoctoral researcher at the Centre for Ethics and Poverty Research at the University of Salzburg. Her main research interests centre on metaethics, moral philosophy, and human rights.
Gottfried Schweiger works at the Centre for Ethics and Poverty Research at the University of Salzburg. His recent publications include A Philosophical Examination of Social Justice and Child Poverty (2015) and Ethics and the Endangerment of Children's Bodies (2016).
Girlhood Studies
An Interdisciplinary Journal
© Berghahn Books 2016
Issue Table of Contents
On the Politics of Studying Ethics and Girlhood
Ethical Practice and the Study of Girlhood
Narratives of Ambivalence
"Can You Really See What We Write Online?"
The Ethics of Representing Girls in Digital Policy Spaces
Making It Up
An Ethical Approach to Encountering Nineteenth-Century Girls
Bodily Self-making in Girlhood
Exploring Collective Biography as a Feminist Method
Article by Mar Cabezas
Article by Gottfried Schweiger

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text:
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Help us by translating and completing all the `.md` documents.

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text:
Average Article Statistics
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*Business days (Mon-Fri)
Rejection Rate
The above percentage of manuscripts have been rejected in the last 12 months.
Back to Journals » Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare » Volume 6
Modified relaxation technique for treating hypertension in Thai postmenopausal women
Authors Saensak S, Vutyavanich T, Somboonporn W, Srisurapanont M
Accepted for publication 20 August 2013
Published 3 October 2013 Volume 2013:6 Pages 373—378
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S51580
Checked for plagiarism Yes
Review by Single-blind
Peer reviewer comments 2
Suprawita Saensak,1,2 Teraporn Vutyavanich,3 Woraluk Somboonporn,4 Manit Srisurapanont5
1Academic Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand; 2Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University,Thailand; 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; 4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; 5Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Aim: To examine the effectiveness of a modified relaxation (MR) technique in reducing blood pressure levels in Thai postmenopausal women with mild hypertension, compared with a control group who received health education.
Methods: This is a 16-week, randomized, parallel, open-label, controlled trial in a menopausal clinic in a tertiary health care center in Northeastern Thailand. The intervention group received a 60-minute session of MR training and were encouraged to practice 15–20 minutes a day, at least 5 days a week. The control group received lifestyle education, including diet and exercise. The primary and secondary outcomes were systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP).
Results: Of 432 participants, 215 and 217 were randomly allocated to the MR and control groups, respectively. Of those, 167 participants in the MR group and 175 participants in the control group completed the study. The SBP was significantly more reduced in the MR group, with a mean of 2.1 mmHg (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between groups on the changed DBP.
Conclusion: The MR technique may be effective in lowering SBP in Thai postmenopausal women visiting a menopause clinic. Its efficacy may be observed as soon as 4 weeks after start of treatment. Long-term and combined relaxation therapy and antihypertensive agents are warranted in a large cohort of this population. This trial is registered in clinicaltrials.gov (number NCT01429662).
Keywords: relaxation, hypertension, postmenopause
This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution - Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License. By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms.
Download Article [PDF] View Full Text [HTML][Machine readable]


text:
Frida Patshin
Gertrude Grossman
Graveside service, The Dawes Road Cemeteries
3169 St Clair Ave E, Scarborough, ON M1L 1V5, Canada
Beth Emeth Bais Yehuda Synagogue section
The Dawes Road Cemeteries
Brenda Mitchell
Boris Dubinsky
Charlotte Sapers
Shiva visits immediately following interment, and daily from 2:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m. and 7:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m. Shiva concludes Monday morning, July 23rd.
44 Acton Ave, North York, ON M3H 4G8, Canada
Jack Cornfield
Daily from 2-4pm and 7-9 pm. Concludes Sunday evening July 22nd.
29 Penwood Crescent, North York, ON M3B 2B9, Canada
Hanna Gerichter
30 ARTREEVA DR, Toronto
Minha/Maariv 7:30pm
visitation after 4 pm
Shiva concludes on Friday 7-20-18
30 Artreeva Dr, North York, ON M3H 4T5, Canada
Gary Mendelsohn
Shiva visits Tuesday following the interment up to 7:00 p.m., Wednesday and Thursday 11:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.
11 Broadway Ave, Toronto, ON M4P 1T7, Canada
Bronia Weinberg
Shiva visits Tuesday following the interment up to 9pm. Wednesday and Thursday at 2-4pm and 7-9 pm. Friday from 2-4pm.
124 Laurelcrest Ave, North York, ON M3H 2B3, Canada
Zinobi (Zalman) Rovner
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Daily from 2-4 pm and 7-9 pm. Shiva concludes Friday morning, July 20th.
65 Spring Garden Ave, North York, ON M2N 6H9, Canada
Goldie Birken-Cantor
Harvey Korn
Thursday, following the interment, and then from 7-9pm. Friday and Sunday from 1-4pm. Concludes Sunday afternoon July 22nd.
32 Robinter Dr, North York, ON M2M 3R2, Canada
Grigory Grabarnik
123 Mill Arbour Ln, Thornhill, ON L4J 6L3, Canada
Donna Levy
Shiva visits Sunday from 1:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. and Monday to Wednesday from 1:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m. and 6:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m.
Services will be held at the Petah Tikva Anshe Castilla Congregation.
701 Sheppard Ave W, North York, ON M3H 2S7, Canada
Sally Yvonne Pinhassoff
Anna Gartsenshtein
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Shiva Hours: 5:00 – 9:00 p.m.
Prayers: 7:30 p.m.
Shiva will conclude on Thursday evening.
8 Romney Rd, North York, ON M3H 1H2, Canada
22 McCombe Ln, Maple, ON L6A 4G4, Canada
50 Sycamore Drive, Thornhill.
Daily from 2 to 5 pm., and 7 to 9 pm., from Tuesday, Wedneday, Thursday, and Sunday.
Evening services at 7:15 p.m.
Shiva concludes Monday morning July 30th.
50 Sycamore Dr, Thornhill, ON L3T 5V6, Canada
Anne B Palayew
Temple Har Zion section


text:
Lawrence University to honor environmental justice advocate Peggy Shepard at commencement
APPLETON - One of the country's leading environmental advocates and a pioneer in advancing environmental justice in urban communities will be recognized by Lawrence University with an honorary degree on June 10 at its 169th commencement.
Peggy Shepard, executive director of New York City-based organization WE ACT For Environmental Justice, will be awarded an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree and serve as the principal commencement speaker.
Since its founding in 1988, Shepard has guided WE ACT from a grassroots organization of West Harlem volunteers into a professionally-staffed advocacy organization that works to ensure the rights to clean air, water and soil extends to people of all communities.
"I experienced Peggy's passion for improving public health and her strong commitment to environmental justice for members of the Harlem community through an extended negotiation close to 15 years ago," said Lawrence President Mark Burstein. "Her strong commitment to important human values and her willingness to negotiate and compromise to achieve her objectives serve as a wonderful example for our graduating class and for all of us in the Lawrence community. I look forward to welcoming her to Appleton this June."
Shepard has been at the forefront of developing community-academic research partnerships to improve children's environmental health. Through WE ACT, she has established cooperative partnerships with physicians and scientists at leading medical institutions, law schools, labor unions and diverse environmental, public health and urban constituencies.
A former journalist and a TEDx presenter, Shepard's efforts to affect environmental protection and environmental health policy locally and nationally have been recognized with numerous honors.
She was the recipient of the Heinz Award for the Environment in 2002 in recognition of her "courageous advocacy and determined leadership in combating environmental injustice in urban America." In 2008, she received the Jane Jacobs Lifetime Achievement Award from the Rockefeller Foundation for her activism to build healthier communities by engaging residents in environmental and land-use decisions. The National Audubon Society in 2004 presented Shepard its Rachel Carson Award, which recognizes female environmental leaders and promotes women's roles in the environmental movement.
Her passion for environmental health and justice extends beyond WE ACT. Shepard is a former chair of the EPA's National Environmental Justice Advisory Council. She has worked with the National Institutes of Health, serving on its National Children's Study Advisory Committee and its National Advisory Environmental Health Sciences Council.
A graduate of Howard University, Shepard has contributed her expertise to numerous non-profit boards, including the Environmental Defense Fund, New York League of Conservation Voters and the News Corporation Diversity Council, among others.
Lawrence's honorary degree will be Shepard's second. She was previously recognized by Smith College in 2010.


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Five years ago, U.S. Army Warrant Officer Rachel Peng joined the Office of Adaptive and Complementary Enhancement Technologies, a top-secret federal agency which blended cutting-edge cybernetics with communication and information technologies. Today, OACET has gone public, its Agents revealing themselves to the world as cyborgs capable of talking to, and taking control of, any networked machine. Rachel's new job as the OACET liaison to the Washington D.C. Metropolitan Police is not what she would call fun. She and her partner, Detective Raul Santino, are usually bored senseless or are fighting with their coworkers. Neither of them are prepared when a routine act of harassment plunges them into a murder investigation. And they certainly didn't expect for the evidence to point directly at Rachel and the other cyborgs. The murder is only the beginning. Soon, Rachel and Santino find themselves deep in a game of cat-and-mouse with a killer and his hidden agenda. The killer has planned for every contingency, every possible outcome… except one. Rachel herself.
Conspiracies, political cover-ups, acts of terrorism… As one of the first cyborgs employed by the federal government, Agent Rachel Peng thought she had already lived through it all. Then, without warning, fourteen blocks of downtown Washington, D.C. are gone, blown apart by bombs unlike anything Rachel has ever seen. The evidence is even more troubling, with each new clue suggesting their own people might be behind the attack. Rachel and her partner, Detective Raul Santino, might not believe that the Department of Homeland Security is responsible, but the rest of the country does. As tensions mount and the city begins to burn, Rachel learns that none of her usual investigatory techniques apply—for the first time in her long career as a cop, finding the bad guys might not be as important as learning why they wanted the public to rise up against their own government. But even if Rachel and Santino can discover the killer's motive, it might be too late to stop what he's put into motion.
Almost a year has passed since the Office of Adaptive and Complementary Enhancement Technologies went public. Agent Rachel Peng has settled into her new job as cyborg liaison to the Washington D.C. Metropolitan Police, but for Rachel and her team, murder is always just the beginning. This time, the body is found in the unlikeliest of places—a storage room under 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue. Robbery gone wrong would be bad enough, but Rachel and her partner, Detective Raul Santino, can't stop once they've caught the murderer. As soon as they've solved that first mystery, they find themselves pulled into a wild chain of events, with Rachel at their center. Rachel and Santino must discover why a millennia-old artifact had been lost beneath the White House, and the race to recover this stolen piece of antiquity will put them up against one of the country's most powerful political figures. And he won't rest until Rachel and OACET have been destroyed.
I started with Spangler's webcomic, A Girl And Her Fed, at about the point where the mansion exploded. Turns out there was a huge backstory behind it, lots of archive to wade through…and you got to see her drawing skills improve from the early days…but the storytelling has always been amazing. These novels take place during a five year gap between the two halves of her webcomic story, and in my opinion they are phenomenally good. Humor, drama, action, more humor, serious business, goverment conspiracies, science fiction gadgetry, political intrigue, you name it. There is even an eventual love-interest in the second book that carries through to the third and fourth novels.
…Did I say fourth novel? Oops, I'm not allowed to talk about that one yet. (But honestly, if you read the webcomic, you know it's an ongoing romance anyway, since the second story arc is set after the novels, teensy spoiler.) I don't know how many novels Spangler has lined up for Rachel's story, but I eagerly anticipate all of them.
Also, check out the companion books Rachel's co-worker Josh Glassman, "The Russians Came Knocking" (because the scenes with the squirrels steal the show), and a direct follow-up to "State Machine" which features another friend of Rachel's, Hope Blackwell (the str of A Girl And Her Fed), in the recently released novel "Greek Key" …all of which are totally worth buying.


text:
Announcing Extra Crunch – TechCrunch
posted in TC, Uncategorized on 12/02/2019 by Matthew Panzarino
I won't bury the lede. TechCrunch is launching a subscription product called, appropriately and deliciously, Extra Crunch.
Extra Crunch, as it says on the tin, is an additional layer of content, coverage, product and events-based offerings for our most regular and engaged readers. This will consist of articles that go more in-depth on topics in the entrepreneurship and startup universe, of course.
In addition to cutting closer to the bone on the topics we already cover on a daily basis, we'll be tackling a lot of the practical nuts and bolts issues that confront founders, entrepreneurs, analysts and tech workers — from issues like inclusion and diversity to navigating hiring, legal and product decisions to mental health and wellness in high-performance environments. We want to gather the expertise and knowledge of the founders that have come before and those that are in the thick of it now.
Leading this project is Executive Editor Danny Crichton, a writer and editor with a fantastic understanding of both media and the "other side" of the equation as a venture investor and VC consultant.
He's joined by Managing Editor Eric Eldon, who you may know as the guy I Costolo'd to get this job. He spent the last five years on his third startup — a technology and media company — and brings an invaluable understanding of the entrepreneurial journey.
Travis Bernard, who guided us through a transformational period in TechCrunch growth has been leading ops on this project — one that is simple in premise but becomes exponentially more complicated to do the right way. They're joined by a team of people new and old that will be making an attempt to create something uniquely TC and uniquely valuable in the industry.
Our COO Ned Desmond began and championed this project for two years, and has been beyond instrumental in figuring out how to launch a subscription product at a publication that runs at breakneck speed inside a corporation with a lot on its mind. It's been a pleasure to know that no matter what obstacles we ran into that he would not only be there to figure out how to get us over the line and to this point.
In the near term, we're going to be pulling apart the journeys of some companies you recognize, and some that are on the cusp, to produce a guide-book of sorts that makes for a compelling read as well as sound analysis. In the long term, we hope to make Extra Crunch a repository of all the things that no one tells you, no one wants to discuss in-depth or you just have to figure out ad-hoc as you build a company.
The plans for Extra Crunch reflect our belief that honest and informative content around building startups doesn't start and stop at Success Porn or Failure Fascination. There is so much territory to explore in between about how to build and scale sustainably and responsibly.
Quietly, and with the gratifying support of management, we've been reconfiguring TechCrunch over the past few years to focus on making sure that we're providing useful, engaging content to readers, not just advertisers. While our audience — you folks — is still one many advertisers would love to reach, that's their job, not ours. Instead, we wanted to re-align all of our goals around what we saw as the future of sustainable journalism.
This isn't easy to do for any organization at scale, but we're uniquely privileged to have a long, loyal readership that may not always agree with our take but appreciates that we're coming at it from a place of honesty and belief.
There are four main components to our offering:
$15 per month or $150 per year
U.S., Canada, U.K., France, Germany and Spain, but we're planning to expand to more EU countries later this year
Deep profiles of startups that have achieved late-stage success, including how they got there and where they're headed next — everyone will get a free taste of that this week
Profiles and databases of experts who any startup should think about working with, including how-to guides, based on recommendations from founders
Regular articles about key components of company-building, from TechCrunch staff, outside experts and more
Regular live conference calls with TechCrunch staff and guests
20% discount on tickets to all of our events including Disrupt for annual subscribers
More features coming soon
List Builder to help you quickly track the types of companies TechCrunch covers that you care about most
Rapid Read Mode to help you quickly skim through the dozens of stories we publish per day
And one more thing: no banner ads on the site or in video pre-rolls
We hope that you'll take the journey with us as we continue to cover the daily news of emerging and established technology companies, startups and entrepreneurs, as well as find new ways like Extra Crunch to build a direct relationship with you where we can provide something of lasting value in exchange for your local currency.
Over the past few years, TechCrunch as an organization has been able to resist a lot of the market forces and fads of the media world. We have pivoted away from the shiny objects of the moment and toward a deeper and more meaningful relationship with our core readers, and it has paid off. Not only have we nearly doubled in readership over the past few years, we've done it without going inorganically broad, attempting to squeeze out more value per eyeball or making our events pay-to play.
This has only been a success because every writer on our staff new and old, every videographer, product engineer, events staffer and salesperson has been on the same page. And, of course, because you, our readers, have allowed us to grow and figure out what we need to be for you. Thank you for that; it's been a wild ride and I can't wait to show you what we have for you next.
You can sign up for Extra Crunch here.
Matthew Panzarino
← Another fine mesh – TechCrunch
In healthcare, better data demands better privacy protections – TechCrunch →


text:
Amendments to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) Set to Expire May 27, 2011 [May 13, 2011] [open pdf - 219KB]
"Three amendments to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) are set to expire (sunset) on May 27, 2011. The three sunsetting amendments expanded the scope of federal intelligence gathering authority following the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Two amendments were enacted as part of the USA PATRIOT Act. Section 206 of the USA PATRIOT Act amended FISA to permit multipoint, or 'roving,' wiretaps by adding flexibility to the degree of specificity with which the location or facility subject to electronic surveillance under FISA must be identified. Section 215 enlarged the scope of materials that could be sought under FISA to include 'any tangible thing.' It also lowered the standard required before a court order may be issued to compel their production. The third amendment was enacted in 2004, as part of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act (IRTPA). Section 6001(a) of the IRTPA changed the rules regarding the types of individuals who may be targets of FISA-authorized searches. Also known as the 'lone wolf' provision, it permits surveillance of non-U.S. persons engaged in international terrorism without requiring evidence linking those persons to an identifiable foreign power or terrorist organization. Although these provisions are set to sunset, grandfather clauses permit them to remain effective with respect to investigations that began, or potential offenses that took place, before the sunset date."
CRS Report for Congress, R40138
Liu, Edward C.
https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=5211


text:
Q: MySql select dynamic row values as column names This is my given table:
+---------+------------+-------------------+--------------------------+---------------+---------------+
| exec_id | project_id | flow_id           | job_id                   | start_time    | end_time      |
+---------+------------+-------------------+--------------------------+---------------+---------------+
|   10919 |         16 | my_flow_cleanup   | init                     | 1408480308611 | 1408480308686 |
|   10919 |         16 | my_flow_cleanup   | job_id_1                 | 1408480309212 | 1408480309426 |
|   10919 |         16 | my_flow_cleanup   | job_id_2                 | 1408480308721 | 1408480308776 |
|   10919 |         16 | my_flow_cleanup   | job_id_3                 | 1408480308827 | 1408480309171 |
+---------+------------+-------------------+--------------------------+---------------+---------------+

And I want to achieve a select like this:
exec_id     init_start            init_end            job_id_1_start       job_id_1_end       job_id_2_start        job_id_2_end        job_id_3_start      job_id_3_end
10919       1408480308611         1408480308686       1408480309212        1408480309426      1408480308721         1408480308776       1408480308827       1408480309171

I have spent more than 2 days on this, with very little success. This question helped me, but not completely. As you can see, the other question deals with taking 2 columns and converting them to 2 rows. But I have to take 3 columns and convert them into 2 rows.
Can anyone help me with this? Is it even possible in MySQL?
EDIT 1
Thanks Khalid Junaid for the answer, it solved my problem. I have to make one more modification. I have to order the selected columns by start_time in the ascending order.
E.g.:
+---------+------------+-------------------+----------+---------------+---------------+
| exec_id | project_id | flow_id           | job_id   | start_time    | end_time      |
+---------+------------+-------------------+----------+---------------+---------------+
|   10919 |         16 | my_flow_cleanup   | init     | 10            | 15            |
|   10919 |         16 | my_flow_cleanup   | job_id_1 | 30            | 40            |
|   10919 |         16 | my_flow_cleanup   | job_id_2 | 40            | 50            |
|   10919 |         16 | my_flow_cleanup   | job_id_3 | 20            | 25            |
+---------+------------+-------------------+----------+---------------+---------------+

Current query will return:
exec_id     init_start            init_end            job_id_1_start       job_id_1_end       job_id_2_start        job_id_2_end        job_id_3_start      job_id_3_end
10919       10                    15                  30                   40                 40                    50                  20                  25

I need:
exec_id     init_start            init_end            job_id_3_start       job_id_3_end       job_id_1_start        job_id_1_end        job_id_2_start      job_id_2_end
10919       10                    15                  20                   25                 30                    40                  40                  50

Please notice that the order of columns is now changed, according to start_time.
I tried to do this with temporary tables and views, I thought it would be very easy. Unfortunately, I don't have create table/create view permissions. Is there a way to achieve this without temp table and views?

A: As from reference question's approach of using group_concat you can do so,but note one thing as your job ids increases per exec_id group then group_concat approach will not be optimal due to its default length of 1024 characters to concatenate and for your dynamic columns this will surely cross that limit,but this limit can be increased as mentioned in documentation
SET @sql = NULL;

SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT
  CONCAT('MAX(CASE WHEN job_id = ''',
         job_id,
         ''' THEN start_time END) `',
         job_id,
         '_start`',
         ',',
         'MAX(CASE WHEN job_id = ''',
         job_id,
         ''' THEN end_time END) `',
         job_id,
         '_end`'
         )

 )
  INTO @sql
  FROM t;

SET @sql = CONCAT('SELECT exec_id, ', @sql, '
                     FROM t
                    GROUP BY exec_id');

PREPARE stmt FROM @sql;
EXECUTE stmt;
DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt;

Fiddle Demo

A: Yes, it's possible in MySQL, but with any SQL database, you can't make a query that dynamically creates columns from the data values it finds. Columns of a query must be fixed at the time you prepare the query. So you must know the distinct values you want to be columns beforehand. This may require another query. This is true in all SQL databases, not just MySQL.
SELECT exec_id,
 MIN(CASE job_id WHEN 'init' start_time END) AS init_start,
 MIN(CASE job_id WHEN 'init' end_time END) AS init_end,
 MIN(CASE job_id WHEN 'job_id_1' start_time END) AS job_id_1_start,
 MIN(CASE job_id WHEN 'job_id_1' end_time END) AS job_id_1_end
FROM `this_is_my_given_table`
GROUP BY exec_id

This basically hard-codes each distinct job id, but that's necessary.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I just returned from a 12 day vacation that was filled with the most glorious happenings. I saw bright yellow finches flying around purple flowers, an intricately symmetrical spider web glistening in the sun – with the spider waiting patiently in the center of the web, a shooting star, and luminescent jellyfish on a kayak ride home from dinner. I spent time with family and long lost friends, rode my bike, ran around the island, napped in the hammock, and of course soaked in the sun.
One morning I rode my bike out to an isolated beach to do my morning yoga and I literally laughed out loud with how incredible life has been. Then I remembered a sentence I wrote in my journal – defining my dreams through my work with the Handel Group : "The most magical form of life comes from me and I can't help but laugh with gratitude." All of a sudden the words I wrote on a piece of paper a few weeks ago were completely my reality. Crazy!
It is so easy to think and believe that the world comes at you, but really – the world, your world is coming from you. Reality comes from your thoughts, your breath, your food, your interactions, your experiences, your relationship to yourself, to others – it all is coming from YOU. That is some pretty powerful stuff right there, and important to remember your power when you are feeling blocked, frustrated, lost – because that is a natural part of life too. At the same time – when life just simply rocks, acknowledge yourself because you created just that.