text:
A family of Tyrannosaurus rex. Palaeoart by Mark Witton. Copyright Mark Witton.
What is the greatest fight you can imagine in the world of dinosaurs? A pair of Tyrannosaurus rex having a go at each other (more of that later)? Perhaps not. It may instead be the controversy and debate raging between palaeontologists on whether there was a dwarf species of Tyrannosaur in the same place at the same time as T. rex.
As an ecologist my expertise lies in studying the ecology of living species – and my interest in dinosaurs and other extinct animals is the integration of understanding that comes from cross-over between the past (palaeo) and present. Evolution plays a key role in interpreting contemporary ecology, past ecology and the route between the two. In this article, I highlight that the structuring of the ecosystem in the Cretaceous re. large carnivores may have been fundamentally different from contemporary ecosystems, and the explanation as to why relates to care of young.
Nanotyrannus – to be or not to be?
In a recent scientific paper by Dr. Holly Woodward of Oklahoma State University and team, the osteohistology (bone microstructure) of a particularly divisive tyrannosauroid specimen is examined. Previously, some palaeontologists have posited BMRP 2002.4.1 (a tyrannosaur sympatric in time and space with T. rex, but at only ~ half the body size of an adult T. rex) and similarly sized specimens from the Hell Creek Formation (USA) to be adults of a pygmy genus of tyrannosaurid, Nanotyrannus (via similarities with the putative Nanotyrannus type-specimen CMNH 7541).
Reading the structure of these fossil dinosaur bones indicates that the specimens experienced a seasonal growth pattern, with growth rings, similar to those found in tree trunks. Variation in the thickness of rings likely reflect annual differences in growth associated with food intake (and therefore availability).
These growth rings tell us that BMRP 2002.4.1 was at least 13 years of age at its death. For the related specimen BMRP 2006.4.4, the team can even tell that it died soon after growth resumed following the annual hiatus at ~ 15 years of age.
Both dinosaurs met their death prior to experiencing an exponential growth spurt noted in older Tyrannosaur specimens. There is also evidence in the bones that tyrannosaurs may have prolonged the juvenile stage during periods of limited food availability. Trix, the oldest known T. rex specimen was aged in her 30's at death.
Osteohistology (bone structure) as viewed under microscope. An external fundamental system (EFS) is the only way to conclusively confirm attainment of asymptotic adult body length from the long bones of reptile taxa. In both BMRP 2002.4.1 and BMRP 2006.4.4, rather than exhibiting an EFS, a woven-parallel complex extends to the periosteal surface. Histology therefore supports morphological observations that these tyrannosauroid specimens were skeletally immature individuals at death. (A) An EFS composed of tightly stacked birefringent LAGs (Lines or Arrested Growth) between blue arrowheads) at the periosteal surface of an Alligator mississippiensis. (B) The EFS (between blue arrowheads) in an ostrich (Struthio camelus) is made of nearly avascular, birefringent parallel-fibered to lamellar primary tissue. (C) No EFS is present at the periosteal surface of the femur of BMRP 2002.4.1, (D) the tibia of BMRP 2002.4.1, (E) the femur of BMRP 2006.4.4, or (F) the tibia of BMRP 2006.4.4. All panels are shown in transverse thin section, with CPL (cross-polarised light). From: Woodward, HN, Tremaine, K, Williams, SA, Zanno, LE, Horner, JR, Myhrvold, N (2020) Growing up Tyrannosaurus rex: Osteohistology refutes the pygmy "Nanotyrannus" and supports ontogenetic niche partitioning in juvenile Tyrannosaurus. Science Advances 6: eaax6250.
Nanotyrannus – a case of mistaken identity
Nanotyrannus lancensis skull (or is it... a subadult T. rex?). Cast, from Tyrannosaurs exhibition, National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland.
Crucially, Woodward et al's study informs the debate regarding the specimens' status as immature T. rex or an adult member of a 'new' genus (Nanotyrannus), "histology supports morphological observations that [the specimens] were skeletally immature individuals [of T. rex] at death".
What are the implications of this for our understanding of community ecology of the Hell Creek Formation ecosystem in the Cretaceous (75 mya)? The science indicates that T. rex was the only major predator present. Its' late attainment of massive (over 9000kg, Scotty the largest T. rex skeleton ever discovered was unearthed in Canada in 1991) adult body size means that there was plenty of time and space for juvenile T. rex to occupy different niche space. This is called 'ontogenetic niche partitioning'.
Immature T. rex, being substantially smaller, and with a morphologically disparate skull, were likely to be predating upon smaller prey than adults, and also were unlikely to be able to crush or eat bone, as they would go on to do in adulthood (had they survived). It is also possible that with the size disparity between adult and juvenile that cannibalism took place with the larger adults on occasion preying upon smaller youngsters of their own species, as well as subadult T. rex scavenging on adult T. rex.
Dr. Steve Brusatte, in his book, The Rise and Fall of the Dinosaurs, paints a word-picture of the metamorphosis of Tyrannosaurus rex, "the skeleton of T. rex changed dramatically as it matured. As youngsters, they were sleek cheetahs, as teenagers gangly looking sprinters, and as adults pure-blooded terrors longer and heavier than a bus."
Growth curves for North American tyrannosaurids derived from growth line counts and body size estimations for individuals showing how size changes with age. No sampled tyrannosaurid adults were more than 30 years old, and accelerated rather than prolonged development was the key to the great size of T. rex. From: From: Brusatte, SL, Norell, MA, Carr, TD, Erickson, GM, Hutchison, JR, Balanoff, AM, Bever, GS, Choiniere, JN, Makovicky, PJ, Xu, X (2010) Tyrannosaur Paleobiology: New Research on Ancient Exemplar Organisms. Science 329, 1481 1485.
To me, as an ecologist, niche partitioning within a species, is an interesting phenomenon. Almost all records of ontogenetic niche partitioning in living species are in invertebrates, fish, amphibians and reptiles. Today, the majority of our larger terrestrial carnivores are mammals and birds, e.g. lions, tigers, wolves and eagles. In all these species, there is parental care – where young are raised to adult size on prey captured by parents.
Lion. Today's top predators engage in extended parental care, and share their ecosystem with other carnivore species.
In contrast, whilst it is likely that, as for other dinosaurs, T. rex engaged in parental care, according to Dr. David Hone (in his book, The Tyrannosaur Chronicles) it is unlikely that they provided extended care for their offspring.
So, whilst Woodward et al's study strengthens the case for ontogenetic niche partitioning (ONP) in T. rex, ONP is minimal at best in today's terrestrial vertebrate communities. Care of young therefore has effects beyond the species, and up to the ecosystem level. Rather than having a diversity of predatory species filling different niche space, T. rex appears to have truly monopolised the carnivore guild space of the Cretaceous.
If we go further in our re-imagining of the ecology of Tyrannosaurus rex in the Cretaceous ecosystem, we can envisage a lot of T. rex. If dinosaurs were ectothermic, there would be a far greater biomass of dinosaur, herbivore and carnivore, than we see in even the most productive of contemporary ecosystems (e.g. the Serengeti of Tanzania, full of wildebeest, zebra and lion today). It is also thought that T. rex may well have hunted in packs...
Tyrannosaurs – a dynasty of great and small
The Nanotyrannus controversy is unlikely to go away, but whether or not a dwarf Tyrannosaur co-existed with T. rex, the latter was sadly both the pinnacle and endpoint of an evolutionary line of theropod (predatory) dinosaurs, the Tyrannosaurs, that was lost in the spectacular end of Cretaceous mass extinction event ~ 66 million years ago. This brought to an end a history that spanned over 100 million years.
The phylogenetic relationships of Tyrannosauroidea, based on Bayesian analysis. From: Brusatte, SL & Carr, TD (2016) The phylogeny and evolutionary history of tyrannosauroid dinosaurs. Scientific Reports 6: 20252.
There are at least 25 known species of tyrannosaur. They lived in a variety of habitats and they evolved to get progressively larger throughout their timeline. From human-sized specimens to the mega-carnivore that was T. rex. Continental drift, climate change and natural selection all played a role in shaping the Tyrannosaurs and the story that they tell us as we look back on the fruits of the labours of generations of palaeontologists.
Tyrannosaurs were not restricted to Asia and America, and there were 3 species living in the UK according to Dr. Dean Lomax – including Eotyrannus, a 4-metre long Tyrannosaur excavated on the Isle of Wight.
Guanlong, the earliest-known member of the Tyrannosauroidae, and feathered. Model, from Tyrannosaurs exhibition, National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland
Tyrannosaurs may have been extinct for a long time, but the science informing our understanding of them and the world that they lived remains vibrant. New species of tyrannosaur continue to be unearthed. The recently discovered Guanlong, an early feathered tyrannosauroid species from China, was about 1/100th the size of T. rex, and pre-dated the big yin by 100 million years.
We are getting an increasing insight into the behavioural ecology in life of Tyrannosaurs, e.g. the pathologies (injuries and disease) of Trix, tell tales of a life of struggle. Recent research suggests an elaborate brain-cooling mechanism that may have supported extravagant head ornamentation in tyrannosaurs.
The anatomy of tyrannosaurs, showing the variety of skeletal and cranial morphology in the group. (A) A skeletal reconstruction of Alioramus, a gracile and long-snouted tyrannosaurid, which exhibits many features of the generalized tyrannosaurid body plan (large skull, small arms, long hindlimbs, long tail). (B to D) Skulls of the basal tyrannosauroids Guanlong (B), Dilong (C), and Bistahieversor (D). (E and F) Skulls of juvenile (E) and adult (F) Tyrannosaurus scaled to the same length, illustrating the transition from a longer to a deeper skull during ontogeny. All scale bars equal 10 cm. From: Brusatte, SL, Norell, MA, Carr, TD, Erickson, GM, Hutchison, JR, Balanoff, AM, Bever, GS, Choiniere, JN, Makovicky, PJ, Xu, X (2010) Tyrannosaur Paleobiology: New Research on Ancient Exemplar Organisms. Science 329, 1481 1485.
Our understanding of the sensory capabilities of T. rex and fellow tyrannosaurs, has also come on big time. So, scientists are building an understanding, not only of how tyrannosaurs were built, or even how they behaved, but also of how they sensed the world around them.
Tyrannosaurs in Scotland
Tyrannosaurs may have been extinct for 66 million years, but they are back, albeit not as lively as they once were, but as close as we can get, in an exhibition making its European debut at the National Museum of Scotland. The exhibition features a life-size cast of Scotty, life model of Guanlong, and real tyrannosaur fossils (from the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, USA) – some of the earliest to be discovered. Even Nanotyrannus makes an appearance…
Waiting for the Tyrannosaurs. Exhibition at the National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland.
Keywords: Tyrannosaurs, Tyrannosaurus rex, T. rex, Nanotyrannus, theropods, dinosaurs, extinct, fossils, palaeontology, paleontology, ecology.
TYRANNOSAURS, the exhibition, is resident at the National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland, from 23rd January to 4th May 2020.
Check out my Tyrannosaurs: teaser photo gallery with photos relating to the exhibition.
Photos from the Tyrannosaurs exhibition will post to my Tyrannosaurs: The Exhibition photo gallery over the coming days.
Tyrannosaur - life size skeleton casts (Lythronax argestes, and tyrannosaur friends) at centre of Tyrannosaurs exhibition at the National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland.
Selfie under Tyrannosaurs rex, reading Steve Brusatte's The Rise and Fall of the Dinosaurs, National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh, Scotland.
Black, R (2019) Special Skull Windows Helped Dinosaur Brains Keep Cool. Smithsonian Magazine.
Brusatte, S (2018) The Rise and Fall of the Dinosaurs. Pan Macmillan.
Brusatte, S (2018). How brains, not brawn, helped the Tyrannosaur become king. Science Focus.
Brusatte, SL, Norell, MA, Carr, TD, Erickson, GM, Hutchison, JR, Balanoff, AM, Bever, GS, Choiniere, JN, Makovicky, PJ, Xu, X (2010) Tyrannosaur Paleobiology: New Research on Ancient Exemplar Organisms. Science 329, 1481 1485.
Brusatte, SL & Carr, TD (2016) The phylogeny and evolutionary history of tyrannosauroid dinosaurs. Scientific Reports 6: 20252.
Dinosaur Isle. Eotyrannus lengi.
Gilchrist, JS (2019) Dinosaur egg bonanza gives vital clues about prehistoric parenting. The Conversation.
Gilchrist, JS (2019) Tyrannosaurus rex and the Dinosaur teeth of Skye: Windows into the lives of dead dinos. Palaeocast.
Greshko, M (2019) World's biggest T. rex discovered. National Geographic.
Hone, D (2016) The Tyrannosaur Chronicles. Bloomsbury.
Jaggard, V (2019) Why did the dinosaurs go extinct? National Geographic.
Lomax, D & Tamura, N (2014) Dinosaurs of the British Isles. Siri Scientific Publishing.
Longrich, NR, Horner, JR, Erickson, JM, Currie, PJ (2010) Cannibalism in Tyrannosaurus rex. PLOS One, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0013419.
Natural History Museum, Guanlong.
National Museums Scotland. Tyrannosaurs.
Saul, H (2014) Jurassic Britain was a 'dinosaur paradise' with over 100 different species roaming the UK. The Independent.
Schulp, AS, Bastiaans, D, Kaskes, P, Manning, PL, Larson, PL, (2015) A new, mature and pathologic specimen of Tyrannosaurus rex. Conference: 75th Annual Meeting, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology.
Werner, EE & Gilliam, AF (2003) The Ontogenetic Niche and Species Interactions in Size-Structured Populations. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 15:393-425. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.es.15.110184.002141
Woodward, HN, Tremaine, K, Williams, SA, Zanno, LE, Horner, JR, Myhrvold, N (2020) Growing up Tyrannosaurus rex: Osteohistology refutes the pygmy "Nanotyrannus" and supports ontogenetic niche partitioning in juvenile Tyrannosaurus. Science Advances 6: eaax6250.


Whenever you see articles and information products that don't seem up-to-par, and you may wonder what the author of the article or the creator of the products was thinking when he or she put out low-quality work, you had better take a deep breath and consider if you've ever cut corners in your writing, too. This post is about the importance of choosing to do your best job every time.
Perhaps you are not being paid to write articles because you are producing them to promote your own products, or other people's products as an affiliate. But Formichelli's point is clear – no matter how much you are being paid or compensated by a writing assignment, and no matter how many people may see your work, doing your best work is likely to pay off eventually. Sooner or later, someone will notice the quality of your writing and introduce you to another opportunity that will very likely be more lucrative for you.
Guest blogging and posting comments on other sites carries the same admonition, too. Don't forget to check your spelling and grammar, every single time your words will represent you online. You just never know who will read them and respond.


text:
Q: What is the benefit of ViewHolder pattern in android? When you are developing an Android program; and you want to have a ArrayAdapter you can Simply have a Class (most of times with ViewHolder suffix) or directly inflate your convertView and find your view by id.
So What is the benefit of using ViewHolder?
The example of both here :
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
    if (convertView == null) {
        convertView = ((Activity)getContext()).getLayoutInflater().inflate(R.layout.row_phrase, null);
    }
    ((TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.txtPhrase)).setText("Phrase 01");
}

Or create an inner class in the ArrayAdapter as following:
static class ViewHolder {
    ImageView leftIcon;
    TextView upperLabel;
    TextView lowerLabel;
}

and finally in the getView :
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
    ViewHolder holder = null;
    if (view == null) {
        view = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.row_layout,
                    null, false);
        holder = new ViewHolder();
        holder.leftIcon = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.leftIcon);
    }
}

A: Understand how listview recycling works
How ListView's recycling mechanism works
You cannot recycle a row that is presently in use. The above link explains how listview recycling mechanism works

So What is the benefit of using ViewHolder?

Quoting docs
Your code might call findViewById() frequently during the scrolling of ListView, which can slow down performance. Even when the Adapter returns an inflated view for recycling, you still need to look up the elements and update them. A way around repeated use of findViewById() is to use the "view holder" design pattern.
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
             ViewHolder holder;

             if (convertView == null) { // if convertView is null
                 convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.mylayout,
                         parent, false);
                 holder = new ViewHolder();
                     // initialize views
                convertView.setTag(holder);  // set tag on view
            } else {
                holder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
                        // if not null get tag
                        // no need to initialize
            }

            //update views here
            return convertView;
    }

You missed the important part convertView.setTag(holder) and holder = (ViewHolder) ConvertView.getTag()
http://developer.android.com/training/improving-layouts/smooth-scrolling.html

A: As you fling through your ListView, there's only a handful of views being shown at any given time. This means that you don't have to instantiate a view for every item in your adapter; when a view scrolls off-screen, it can be reused, or recycled.
View recycling and the ViewHolder pattern are not the same. The ViewHolder pattern is solely to reduce the number of view.findViewById(int) calls you make. The ViewHolder pattern only works when you take advantage of view recycling.
In getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent), the convertView parameter is either null or it's a view that has been recycled: it will still have the data from a different list item bound to it.
Without the ViewHolder pattern, you can still take advantage of view recycling (i.e. not blindly instantiating views):
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
  View view = convertView;
  if (view == null) {
    view = // inflate new view
  }

  ImageView imageView = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.listitem_image);
  TextView textView = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.listitem_text);
  TextView timestampView = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.listitem_timestamp);
  ProgressBar progressSpinnerView = (ProgressBar) view.findViewById(R.id.progress_spinner);

  // TODO: set correct data for this list item
  // imageView.setImageDrawable(...)
  // textView.setText(...)
  // timestampView.setText(...)
  // progressSpinnerView.setProgress(...)

  return view;
}

Above is an example of view recycling - we do not inflate a new View for each row; we only inflate a view if we're not given one to reuse. Avoiding having to inflate a view is the part that will definitely help with performance when scrolling through your list: take advantage of view recycling.
So, what's the ViewHolder for then? We're currently doing 4x findViewById(int) for every item, regardless of whether the row itself already existed. As findViewById(int) recursively iterates down a ViewGroup til it finds a descendent with the given ID, this is a bit pointless for our recycled views - we're re-finding views that we already have references to.
Avoid this by using a ViewHolder object to hold references to the sub-views after you "find" them:
private static class ViewHolder {
  final TextView text;
  final TextView timestamp;
  final ImageView icon;
  final ProgressBar progress;

  ViewHolder(TextView text, TextView timestamp, ImageView icon, ProgressBar progress) {
    this.text = text;
    this.timestamp = timestamp;
    this.icon = icon;
    this.progress = progress;
  }
}

View.setTag(Object) allows you to tell the View to hold an arbitrary object. If we use it to hold an instance of our ViewHolder after we do our findViewById(int) calls, then we can use View.getTag() on recycled views to avoid having to make the calls again and again.
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
  View view = convertView;
  if (view == null) {
    view = // inflate new view
    ViewHolder holder = createViewHolderFrom(view);
    view.setTag(holder);
  }
  ViewHolder holder = view.getTag();
  // TODO: set correct data for this list item
  // holder.icon.setImageDrawable(...)
  // holder.text.setText(...)
  // holder.timestamp.setText(...)
  // holder.progress.setProgress(...)
  return view;
}

private ViewHolder createViewHolderFrom(View view) {
    ImageView icon = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.listitem_image);
    TextView text = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.listitem_text);
    TextView timestamp = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.listitem_timestamp);
    ProgressBar progress = (ProgressBar) view.findViewById(R.id.progress_spinner);

    return new ViewHolder(text, timestamp, icon, progress);
}

The performance benefits of this optimisation is questionable, but that's the benefit of the ViewHolder.

A: Firstly :
In ListView when you scroll the ListView you need to create new item and bind its data on it so if you have much items in ListView it may cause memory leak because more objects you created for items , but Android using concept of recycle most of its API , and it meaning you create one object and use it instead of destroy it and declare new one , so when you scroll ListView API using the invisible items you scrolled and pass it for you in getView method it is convertView so here you deal with more items ListView
Secondly :
if you have custom item in ListView you need to attach your custom Layout on each item of the ListView so you will each time ListView bind new item using findViewById to get reference of the layout items. This method will go to search for your item in recursive way  so you ViewHolder will help you to make the recursive done for one time only and then it will hold the reference of the layout item for you till you can attach it for ListView
hope this help you and feed me back in any not obvious thing

A: ViewHolder design pattern is used to speed up rendering of your ListView - actually to make it work smoothly, findViewById is quite expensive (it does DOM parsing) when used each time a list item is rendered, it must traverse your layout hierarchy and also instantiate objects. Since lists can redraw its items quite frequently during scrolling such overhead might be substantial.
you can find good explanation of how this works in :
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wDBM6wVEO70&feature=youtu.be&t=7m
starting from minute 10, you have explained ViewHolder design pattern by google experts.
[edit]
findViewById is not instantiating new objects, it only traverses hierarchy - here is reference http://androidxref.com/5.1.1_r6/xref/frameworks/base/core/java/android/view/ViewGroup.java#3610

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


For most people grocery shopping is not an activity we look forward to doing – especially when it requires sticking to a budget. Most of us are usually too tired or busy to have to worry about what we're going to cook. We end up eating out more than we should, which is unhealthy, and spending more than we should, which is bad for the bank account.
In financial coaching we have found ourselves telling people over and over again about the Meal Plan Sheet (click to download) we use, but no one is ever able to find them. It is hilarious how many people have come back to us and told their story of searching high and low everywhere for the meal plan sheets we told them about. Well search no more – there it is!
Here's why we love meal planning… Each week we sit down with this sheet on Sunday's and plan out meals for the whole week. Having that plan prevents us from having to worry every day about "what's for dinner." When anyone asks "what's for dinner" they are pointed to the meal plan on the side of the refrigerator, and then they're asked to help get started preparing it.
Having meals all planned out helps us fight the urge to eat out too. But most importantly it helps us control our spending at the grocery store. We're much more likely to stick to the shopping list when we have a meal plan, and much less likely to stock up on things "just in case" when we have a detailed plan.
Now go print a bunch of them out and get started planning your meals from now on!


Marc Kusnetz, with William M. Arkin, Montgomery Meigs, and Neal Shapiro. Operation Iraqi Freedom: 22 Historic Days in Words and Pictures. Kansas City, MO: Andrews McMeel, 2003. 238 pages.
Karl Zinsmeister. Boots on the Ground: A Month with the 82nd Airborne in the Battle for Iraq. New York, NY: St. Martin's Press, 2003. 213 pages.
Williamson Murray and Robert H. Scales, Jr. The Iraq War: A Military History. Cambridge, MA: Belknap/Harvard University Press, 2003. 312 pages, maps, notes, index.
Anthony H. Cordesman. The Iraq War: Strategy, Tactics, and Military Lessons. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2003. 572 pages, maps, notes.
Bing West and Ray L. Smith. The March Up: Taking Baghdad with the 1st Marine Division. New York, NY: Bantam, 2003. 303 pages, maps, notes, index.
Barely a year in the past, the war in Iraq already has many chroniclers. For the combatants, it was nasty, brutish, and short, holding moments of high drama, pathos, and almost cosmic irony. For authors and journalists "embedded" with the troops, it offered unprecedented access to the front lines. With today's computerized publishing industry becoming almost as agile as a modern military force, it is no surprise that the war can even now be studied in some detail by specialists and lay readers alike in more books to date than any one reviewer can keep up with.
The central objective of the coalition's military campaign in Iraq was toppling Saddam's regime. Coalition commanders needed to hit his "center of gravity" in order to end Baathist rule without inciting a bloodbath, tearing apart the fragile bonds that united his foes, or providing incentive for his neighbors to join the fray. The result was a bold gamble: using just enough combat power to break Saddam's war machine, while sparing the surrounding population and infrastructure. How was this actually done?
Answering that question demands a similarly tricky balancing act. The main problem is the unavailability of source documents and access to key leaders. Although scores of newspaper stories and articles by veterans--in journals like Field Artillery--have examined episodes in the war, it is still too early to write a true military history. The challenge in writing a book under these circumstances is sorting through mountains of disconnected data for the nuggets that can be molded into a coherent and insightful story.
Indeed, the overall picture of the coalition war effort is sometimes hazy even in the best of the books reviewed here. The decision to go to war is only obliquely treated, and nowhere examined in detail. And the Iraqi side of the conflict is barely glimpsed in the background. Several of these books, moreover, show signs of haste, with more than the usual quota of typographical glitches and incorrect dates. Four of the five end roughly at the fall of Baghdad in April 2003, making only vague and ominous rumblings about "what followed." Longer reflection and deeper research will inevitably strengthen, modify, or even reverse some of the conclusions reached by these authors.
With all these caveats, however, the authors collectively accomplish a great deal. NBC News has produced a readable and nicely illustrated introduction to the conflict, Operation Iraqi Freedom. For a brief summary of the war's events and drama, this volume is hard to beat--in no small part because it includes a DVD containing battle footage and businesslike narration by news anchor Tom Brokaw. Both the narration and the print version perhaps overemphasize the triumphs and sacrifices of the embedded NBC reporters, cameramen, and producers--there was a war being fought, after all--but that in itself helps to remind the reader that this conflict was waged in the media as well as on the battlefield.
Karl Zinsmeister's Boots on the Ground is similar. Zinsmeister edits American Enterprise for the American Enterprise Institute and volunteered to travel with the 82d Airborne Division, which early in the war was being held in reserve for an assault on Baghdad International Airport. The paratroopers ended up clearing the southern city of Samawah instead, and Zinsmeister emerged from the fray with a fast-paced story of urban fighting and some gripping combat photos. His book is a travelogue with no index or maps--and some gratuitous political asides--but his zest for reporting the war's human dimension captures several revealing vignettes, such as the commanders' deliberations before ordering a missile strike on a meeting of Baath Party leaders spotted by "the CIA" (the strike took place, but apparently missed the VIPs).
For more analytical depth and historical context, Williamson Murray and Robert Scales' The Iraq War: A Military History makes a valiant effort to present a comprehensive and objective view of the conflict and its implications. The authors are well qualified to do so. Gen. Scales has run the Army War College and commented on military affairs for television. Murray, a professional historian at the Institute for Defense Analyses, has authored several thoughtful essays on air power. Both men have written previously on the performance of the US military in Operation Desert Storm in 1991.
Murray and Scales offer a clear and readable text (well supplemented by photos and maps) that covers all phases of the war effort. They tell us relatively little about decisions made in Washington and London, or even at Central Command Forward in Doha, Qatar, but they nevertheless present some thoughtful observations in a chapter entitled "Military and Political Implications." Their basic insight is that hard training and careful planning pay off, often in unforeseen ways. This lesson is not news to the American and British militaries, and the authors wisely avoid presenting it as a revelation. Instead, they describe the myriad improvements since Desert Storm that collectively built into staffs and combat units the adaptability to win.
Cordesman nonetheless does good service in gathering so much information between two covers. He has an eye for both the important facts and the larger context, and his is the only work of the five reviewed here to reflect on the intelligence aspects of the conflict and on the events of "Phase IV," the fight to suppress Saddam's insurgency and stabilize Iraq. He covers almost every debate about the war that made it into the press, from whether the Iraqis employed Russian-made Kornet anti-tank missiles (he's not sure) to whether the intelligence on Iraqi weapons of mass destruction was "politicized" (he says it was). This is a book for specialists in military and intelligence history, and its conclusions deserve consideration by later authors writing on the war as the documentation emerges and the principals make their accounts available.
The March Up, by Bing West and Ray L. Smith, has the highest literary polish of the books published to date. Its title alludes to Xenophon's Anabasis, the Athenian general's account of his army fighting its way through the Persian Empire in 401 BC and beating seemingly countless foes along the way. This book is a reflection on the nature of war and the tides of history, and a well-told story in its own right.
West and Smith are Marine veterans of Vietnam--Smith eventually retired as a major general, while West was an assistant secretary of defense in the Reagan Administration. With these credentials, the Corps let them tag along with the 1st Marine Division through the heartland of Iraq. They drove in a liberated Nissan Pathfinder just behind the tanks, so close that the muzzle blast from an Abrams' main gun cracked their windshield. The Marines they rode with, like Xenophon's hoplites (men with "sturdy legs who eat less grass than a horse"), ultimately prevailed by virtue of superior training, equipment, stamina, and leadership. West and Smith resist the temptation to ascribe this result to some inherent Western superiority over Oriental despotism, but they might not mind if their readers concluded that free citizens fight harder and better than the conscripts of a tyrant or even his enforcers in black ninja suits.
All of the books reviewed here note, in one way or another, that Saddam's regime fought its last war rather poorly. The Iraqi regular army was not a factor, and the once-vaunted Republican Guard divisions--the heart of Iraqi power in 1991--were brave but dilapidated by 2003. Instead, Saddam and his sons sent their most fanatical followers to charge American tanks in "technical vehicles"--pick-up trucks with machine guns mounted on their beds.
Coalition commanders and intelligence officers discovered to their surprise that Saddam's regime was perhaps not more resilient than expected, but resilient in a different way than they had thought. Baath power depended less on the Republican Guard than on face-to-face intimidation of Iraqis. Thus the coalition's "main effort"--the fast, armored spearheads of the US Army and Marines--turned out to be supporting elements that enabled coalition forces to conduct the urban battles that they had hoped to avoid. In the end, the professionalization of coalition forces made those urban battles mercifully easier than expected. Each of the books here sheds light on how the commanders resigned themselves to urban fighting, and why they were justly confident that their troops could innovate and persevere and ultimately win.
Leadership was a vital factor in this result, and good intelligence was crucial to that leadership. Although each of the authors mentions "intelligence," none sheds much light on the topic. Often they use "CIA" as shorthand for intelligence, neither differentiating agencies and "INTS" from one another, nor rumors from facts. Indeed, many of the passages on analysis and operations are distorted, misinformed, or otherwise unreliable.
The reality of intelligence in these books is like oxygen--all pervading, but invisible. What these authors mostly missed is that the coalition that launched Operation Iraqi Freedom consumed intelligence inputs on a vast and unprecedented scale in order to know and to "shape" the battlefield. That intelligence had its flaws is an important topic that historians will some day discuss in detail. Even the best intelligence is by its nature incomplete, uncertain, and hesitant. Nevertheless, intelligence analyses and operations gave coalition commanders the confidence to put their forces in places like Baghdad, Basrah, and Nasiriyah, and gave them the chance to win once they adapted to Saddam's shifting tactics.
Dr. Michael Warner serves on the CIA History Staff.


Benet junior Bennett Curtis is the picture of youthful vitality as he competes on the soccer field, shouting instructions and encouragement to his teammates.
Curtis was in eighth grade when he was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma, a cancer of the lymphatic system.
Thus began a harrowing and ultimately successful journey in which he received help from the Shining Stars Foundation, a Colorado-based charity that now has a rather devout local spokesman in the 16-year-old Curtis.
The illness was first discovered during a regular doctors visit.
Curtis received the shocking result November 14, 2012 – he will never forget the date – and began a battle no child should have to fight.
"I didn't know what to say, because I didn't feel sick," Curtis said. "Usually when you think of somebody with cancer, you think that they're very sick, in the hospital.
Soccer is a Curtis family passion and, as it helped Bennett during his fight. He has been in remission for 2½ years.
Curtis' father, Jim, played soccer in college and all four of his children took up the sport.
Daughter Emily played at Benet and is continuing her career at Illinois Wesleyan. Another daughter, Abby, is a seventh-grader and Bennett's younger brother, Nate, is a sophomore at Benet who recently stopped playing.
The fight was far from easy.
Curtis underwent nine weeks of chemotherapy at Lurie's Children's Hospital, followed by 14 days of radiation at Northwestern Memorial Hospital. That treatment, along with the fact the cancer was detected fairly early, allowed Curtis to be declared cancer-free in March, 2013.
While Curtis is relieved that his ordeal is over, he realizes that his battle with cancer changed him.
Soccer played a big role in his recovery.
"He's a fighter," Jim Curtis said. "Through all the treatments he never stopped playing, couldn't stop playing.
Though he couldn't play in matches, Curtis participated in indoor training when he could.
Through it all, Curtis was buoyed by the support of his father and mother, Debbie, who were scared but steadfast.
"Obviously, my parents are phenomenal," Curtis said. "They love me and I love them.
The family also found support from the Shining Stars Foundation, which was established in 2001 to provide athletic opportunities for sick children.
Shortly after Bennett completed treatment, Shining Stars offered to send him on a trip to Aspen for its 2013 Winter Games, where he would spend a week skiing with 50 other kids from around the country with life-threatening illnesses. Volunteer chaperones would fly with him, but his parents would stay home.
Debbie Curtis, wary of letting her son out of her sight, was opposed at first.
"(Bennett) went out there, and every kid had cancer and was bald or walking around with disabilities. They do paraskiing for disabled people.
The experience was an eye-opener for Bennett.
Now Curtis wants to make sure other children have hope. He is determined to help the Shining Stars in any way he can.
One way he will is through an event he organized to raise awareness and funds for the organization. It takes place Saturday, Sept. 26, when Benet hosts Notre Dame.
Both teams will wear special T-shirts during warm-ups and Curtis plans to speak prior to the start of the 10 a.m. game. Informational brochures will be handed out and donations accepted.
Others are impressed and appreciative of Curtis' efforts.
"Bennett is a truly inspirational young man and has such a big heart," said Megan Bryant, Director of Development at Shining Stars. "He has envisioned this entire fundraiser from the ground up, and we could not be more proud.
"When we first met Bennett in 2013 at our Winter Games Program, he was a role model and mentor for other kids and has continued to use his experiences to impact and help others. His example inspires other kids battling cancer, helping them realize all they can accomplish and overcome.
That impact will be substantial. Bryant said that the foundation has served more than 1,750 kids and 5,500 family members over the past 15 years and that demand for its services is increasing.
"This event is significant to the foundation, as we are experiencing growing wait lists for our programs, despite having expanded our services by 25 percent in the last year," Bryant said. "Funds raised will help us serve new kids in the coming year, many of whom are just starting their battle with cancer.
Benet coach Sean Wesley is one of many people inspired by Curtis.
To be sure, Curtis is serious about soccer and giving back to those who helped him, but he has never lost his sense of humor. When the Redwings were losing a big game last year, Curtis piped up before Wesley began his halftime speech.
It is one thing to hear about the challenges that other people go through, but quite another to experience it yourself.
Bennett Curtis is now one of those caring folks who support those around them, regardless of whether they are healthy or ailing.
"He has a huge heart and just the way he treats all his friends and all his teammates is awesome," Wesley said. "He's selfless to go through (cancer) and be worried about everybody else and so willing to do kind of the dirty work (of fundraising).


These words and quotes about prayer have helped me to unlock the true potential and power of prayer. With prayer, I do not mean religious prayer. It is universal prayer; prayers that are not bound by a concept or a belief system. It is time that we set prayer free so it's true potential can be experienced as the powerful and immediate tool that it is.
Prayer is food for the soul. The soul thrives on prayer. The mind will resist it. The mind is a material thing.
Prayer is a way of expressing your desire, your hunger and your yearning for the Almighty, for the All That Is. And that calling out will be answered. It's just that you've got to wrestle with the material mind that would rather be distracted in a multitude of other endeavors. So it's going to take discipline to capture a state of prayer in your life.
So where do you want to be? Do you want to be with your heart's desire, your soul, your eternal self? Then commune and begin to reside within yourself in that place. Everything else is meaningless, ultimately.
A constant desire to know the truth.
'Show me the way. Show me the light.
What is this Love of God? What is this experience that saints and sages throughout the ages have spoken? How is it that a man sits alone on a mountaintop for years in stages of ecstasy, feeling such incredible love and bliss, yet no one is around? What is it that he is touching? What is it that he is seeing? What is it that he is hearing? What is it that he is experiencing?
and your mind and your senses.
It is love. But it is unlike any love you have known on this plane.
It is a love that satisfies all desires.
It is truth. But it is not just some knowledge.


Genetics and clinical response to warfarin and edoxaban in patients with venous thromboembolism.
Retrospectively registered with Chinese Clinical Trail Registry on 1st Jan 2016 ( ChiCTR-OPC-16007687 ).
Both genetic factor (VKORC1 genotype) and clinical efforts (anticoagulation service) influenced the quality of anticoagulation control. However, clinical events were more strongly associated with patient characteristics and clinical efforts than with genetic factors.


I was wondering why you chose to define an element entirely using classes in the HTML instead of breaking shared functionality into placeholders / mixins (to use Sass as an example). Is it because you don't use a preprocessor?
Do you see this as potentially beneficial?
@Undistraction Actually we use preprocessor but semantics of CSS Mixins is different.
Thanks. That all makes sense.
I hadn't considered the increased availability of js hooks.
In order to leave a comment you need to login.


text:
How To Speak Liberal: 20 Words And Phrases Translated
Earlier this week, Jonathan Bines did a post called "How to Speak Republican".
It was very inspirational because I have to tell you, it's also pretty tough for most people to figure out what liberals mean sometimes. You think they're on your side, but they're not. You believe they're saying "yes," but they mean "no." You think they're offering you a ride home, and next thing you know, you're at the bottom of a tidal pool and they're swimming away.
Someone has to translate what they mean. Well, have no fear, because after studying liberals for years, I've got the lingo down.
Compassion: Feeling good about yourself for wanting to give away money you didn't earn to people you hope will vote for your side.
"Conscience of the Senate": KKK member.
Flag: Something to be burned and walked on at protests or alternately, waved close to election time.
Greed: Wanting to keep money you've earned instead of having it spent on Bridges to Nowhere and government loans to people who've contributed to Obama's campaign.
Guns: Vicious weapons that force people to kill each other.
He's in the pocket of big oil: He was once seen filling up the tank of his car with gas.
Jesus: Someone who shouldn't ever be brought up in schools, other government buildings, or politics in general unless you're claiming he was really a liberal who'd be in favor of gay marriage and abortion.
Minorities: People who are too dumb and incompetent to make it without liberal help.
Morals: Things you should avoid having so you can't be accused of hypocrisy if you don't live up to your own standards.
No justice, no peace: Give us money and we'll find someone else to bother.
Our opponents refuse to compromise on this issue: The Republicans refuse to do everything we want.
Racism: A word you cry when you're losing an argument with a conservative.
Reality-based community: People who believe that Communism could work if the right people were in charge and that George W. Bush was behind 9/11 — or the Jews, either/or.
Taxes: A limitless supply of free money to be given away to liberal special interests in return for votes.
Tolerance: Something that justifies going on hate-filled rants against people who don't share your view of the world.
That charge is outrageous: That charge is true, but it's embarrassing that you brought it up in public.
Unfair attack: They quoted me.
USA: Ever heard the phrase "The devil made me do it?" Replace "the devil" with "the USA" and you'll understand every bad thing that happens in the world.
Violent rhetoric: Words like "crossfire," "job killing," and "crosshairs" when used by non-liberals.
We must address the root causes of this problem: We must not do anything to effectively address this problem. Instead we must raise taxes and pour dump trucks' worth of money into whatever unrelated issue we have decided is the cause of the problem.
This originally appeared at The Huffington Post

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The UNU International Institute for Global Health (UNU-IIGH), together with Kanazawa University, ran a five-day workshop in February on Psychological First Aid (PFA). PFA — developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and other international agencies — provides humane, supportive, and practical help to fellow human beings suffering from events of serious crises.
Led by Professor Atsuro Tsutsumi of Kanazawa University, the workshop attracted a total of 157 participants of various backgrounds, from medical professionals and academics to those who are actively involved in disaster, recovery, and voluntary work.
Participants were introduced to the basics of PFA through group discussions and role playing of "survivors and helpers", enabling them to identify the do's and don'ts in providing psychological assistance.


text:
Opera Katiuska comes to Guayaquil Tonight
Beatriz Parra Foundation will presents tonight (at 7:30pm) in Teatro Centro de Arte of Guayaquil an adaptation of the opera Katiuska.
This work will be stared by the Costa Rican baritone, Fitzgerald Ramos, remembered for his role in the musical "Sweeney Todd" in Quito, accompanied by 80 artists. Tonight's show will include the presence of the national tenor Jorge Cassis, in the role of the prince and young promising opera singers form Maria Callas Conservatory will debut in the supporting roles. For the premiere of this work, the Youth Philharmonic Orchestra will accompany them.
The operetta by the Spanish composer Pablo Sorozábal (1897-1988), tells the story of Princess Katiuska (played by Yasmine Yaselga soprano of Guayaquil), an aristocrat lady willing to leave her life as royalty by the forbidden love of Peter Stakoff (Fitzgerald Ramos). The story develops at the time of the Russian revolution (1917).
The cost of the tickets are: $ 15 and $ 10. More information dial: 2387926. (BG)
Source: Daily expreso
Correa Seeks to Implement an Anti-Trust Bill
Rebecca Black Affirms Her Moment Has Come


text:
A Parni valjak egy horvát együttes, mely 1975-ben alakult Zágrábban. Rockzenekarként indultak, de stílusuk mindinkább a pop felé tolódott el. 2005-ben Horvátországban és Szlovéniában koncertsorozattal ünnepelték fennállásuk harmincadik évfordulóját.

Tagok

 Aki Rahimovski (vokál),
 Husein Hasanefendić [Hus] (gitár),
 Jurica Pađen (gitár, vokál, 1975-78),
 Srećko Antonioli (dob, ütősök, 1975-78),
 Zlatko Miksić [Fuma] (basszus, 1975-78),
 Branimir Štulić (gitár, 1979),
 Ivan Stančić (dob, 1979),
 Zoran Cvetković (gitár, 1979, 1985-88)
 Rastko Milošev (gitár, szaxofon, 1980-84),
 Srećko Kukurić (basszus, 1980-87),
 Paolo Sfeci (dob, 1980-87),
 Dražen Sholtz [Šolc] (dob, 1980, 1988-2005),
 Vedran Božić (gitár, 1983),
 Toni Ostojić (billentyűsök, 1986-87),
 Miroslav Barbir (billentyűsök, 1987-89),
 Zorislav Preksavec (basszus, 1988-2000, 2009-jelenleg),
 Bruno Kovačić (gitár, billentyűsök, 1989-91),
 Berislav Blažević [Bero] (billentyűsök, 1989-jelenleg),
 Marijan Brkić-Brk (gitár, 1992-jelenleg),
 Tina Kresnik (háttérvokál, 1995-2010),
 Damir Šomen (dob, 2000-jelenleg),
 Zvonimir Bučević (basszus, 2001-05),
 Dalibor Marinković (dob, 2009).

Albumaik

Nagylemezek

 1976 Dođite na Show
 1977 Glavom kroz zid
 1979 Gradske priče
 1980 City Kids - Steam Roller
 1980 Vruće igre
 1981 Vrijeme je na našoj strani
 1982 Koncert
 1983 Glavnom ulicom
 1984 Uhvati ritam
 1985 Pokreni se!
 1986 E = mc2
 1987 Anđeli se dosađuju?
 1988 Sjaj u očima
 1990 Lovci snova
 1991 Svih 15 godina
 1993 Buđenje
 1995 Bez struje - LIVE in ZeKaeM
 1997 Samo snovi teku uzvodno
 2000 Zastave
 2001 Kao nekada: LIVE at S.C.
 2004 Pretežno sunčano

Kislemezek

 1976 Ljubavni jadi jednog parnog valjka / Teško je biti sam
 1976 Parni valjak / Šizofrenik
 1976 Prevela me mala žednog preko vode / O šumama, rijekama i pticama
 1976 Tako prođe tko ne pazi kad ga parni valjak zgazi / Dok si mlad
 1977 Oću da se ženim (Priča mladića Ž.B., 16 godina starog iz mjesta N...) / Ljeto
 1978 Lutka za bal / Crni dani
 1978 Od motela do motela / Predstavi je kraj (uživo)
 1979 Stranica dnevnika / Ulične tuče
 1981 Neda / Hvala ti
 1985 Ugasi me / Ugasi me (instrumental)
 1986 Gledam je dok spava / Stojim već satima
 1987 Anja / Nova kola "Anđeli se dosađuju"
 1987 Jesen u meni / Anđeli se dosađuju
 1989 Uhvati ritam / Samo ona zna
 1992 Kekec je slobodan, red je na nas
 1997 Kaži ja (boje jeseni)
 2002 Tko nam brani / Dok si pored mene

Irodalom

 Petar Janjatović: Ex-YU rock enciklopedija 1960-2006,

Források

 http://rateyourmusic.com/artist/parni_valjak

Horvát rockegyüttesek
1975-ben alakult együttesek

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Rockwood Preparatory Academy
Public Charter School
About RPA
About RPA Leadership
About Executive Director: John Nelsen
About the K-2 Principal: Mrs. Maria McCollum
About the 3-6 Principal: Danielle Barnard
Board Policy Documents
RPA Staff
Employment at RPA
What is DI?
DI Curriculum at RPA
Newsletters & Fliers
School Nutrition Program
Home-School Communication
Students of the Month/Year
Volunteering at RPA
What Other Parents Say about RPA
School Supply Fee
RPA Pre-Enrollment Form
About the Executive Director
John has served as the Executive Director of RPA since October of 2016. Immediately prior to his appointment to this position, John served as a consultant to the school and the Managing Director of the company that secured the campus on which the school currently in located.
John was born and raised in southeast Portland, Oregon. He graduated from David Douglas High School and Mount Hood Community College and holds undergraduate and graduate degrees from Portland State University. Married since 1983, Mr. Nelsen and his wife Vicky raised their four children in the Rockwood community of east Multnomah County Oregon. Today John and Vicky have three grandchildren and live near 202nd & SE Division in Gresham.
John's hobbies are playing guitar (45 years), clowning, and "learning about everything."
John's "service" orientation started at an early age. John worked as a Certified Nursing Assistant serving the elderly and disabled while pursuing undergraduate and graduate degrees. These years were lean financially but they also fostered commitment to serving others that continues to this day.
Today, in addition to serving the Rockwood Prep team, John serves as an officer the Kiwanis Club of Rockwood, Secretary of the Rockwood Neighborhood Association, and a primary force behind the I ❤ROCKWOOD Festival!
jnelsen@rockwoodprep.org
740 SE 182nd Avenue,
Copyright © 2020 Rockwood Preparatory Academy — Primer WordPress theme by GoDaddy


text:
Youth and Masters Trans-Tasman events cancelled
Fri 26 Nov 2021, 01:11 PM
Touch New Zealand (TNZ) and Touch Football Australia (TFA) have today cancelled the proposed Youth and Masters Trans-Tasman events in 2022.
The recent announcement by the New Zealand government declaring borders will not re-open for international travellers until after 30 April 2022 means that the PainAway Emus are unable to travel to New Zealand for the 2022 series.
The Masters programs for both countries will now look towards the 2024 Touch World Cup and build a thorough preparation for that event while the respective Youth programs will focus on the 2023 Youth World Cup.
While the cancellation of the 2022 Youth and Masters Trans-Tasman events are now confirmed, a decision on the Open Trans-Tasman series set for April 2022 in Newcastle won't be made until a later date with discussions to continue into the new year.
TFA CEO Jamie O'Connor said while the decision was disappointing it was necessary. "We are bitterly disappointed that we are unable to travel to Christchurch for both the Youth and Masters Trans-Tasman Series next year but the recent announcement by the New Zealand government has given us little option. We will continue to monitor the border restrictions and are hopeful that they will ease off in time to allow the Touch Blacks to visit us for the Opens Series in Newcastle."
Touch New Zealand Chief Executive Joe Sprangers echoed Jamie's thoughts "while we hope that international Touch between Australia and New Zealand might again be possible in the near future, the only decision we can make at this time is to cancel the Masters and Youth Trans Tasman's before significant user pays costs are incurred by the participants. In the meantime we will work with Sport NZ and government to explore future opportunities"


Walk to lively downtown Brattleboro from this comfortably elegant 6 room waterside B&B. Enjoy a complimentary 2 or 3 course gourmet breakfast each morning made fresh with local ingredients. Hiking trails on property and close to all southeastern Vermont educational campuses.
Thank you so much for your kind words. The Inn is wonderful in the winter, but it really comes alive (both literally and figuratively) when the gardens are in bloom! With hundreds of yards of formal and semi-formal gardens to enjoy, almost an acre of manicured lawn, and an extraordinary deck overlooking the water and the Hoggle Nature Preserve, the Inns grounds are a place that you can totally loose yourself. Come back and enjoy the other seasons here at the Inn! We look forward to seeing you soon!
Thank you so much for your review. We are so happy that you enjoyed your stay. We look forward to seeing you back here again before too long! Cheers!
Pam and Ed, Thank you so much for your kind review. We love Brattleboro, and are eager to share it with our guests. From great hiking, biking trails, kayaking, art studios, and great restaurants, Brattleboro has so much to offer! It was a pleasure meeting you both. We look forward to seeing you again before too long! Cheers!
Thank you for your kind words. The Ski Jumping weekend is a special one here in Brattleboro. It coincides with Winter Carnival, so there are many, many things to do. It was a pleasure meeting you, and we look forward to seeing you again before too long! Cheers!
Thank you for your kind words. We are so happy that you enjoyed your stay. We look forward to seeing you in Spring! Cheers!
Can you see th falls from this hotel?
No you can not see any Falls from this lovely B&B. There is a body of water behind the property, that is accessible via a path to have a short hike. The CT river is the main water attraction for Brattleboro. I actually never heard of any falls in the immediate area, but that doesn't mean there aren't any. Here is a quick search URL for water falls in New England that brought this list up, that might help you. There is a click spot at the top right for a list of more falls.
"The main building is lovely but next time I hope to stay in the carriage house"
"Room 4 was very spacious and comfortable"
"The Ripley Suite had a complete living room with gas fireplace."
"For ease of coming and going, choose either of the two rooms located in the carriage house."
"Rooms on the rear would have less street noise."


Results 1 of 1 0 Mens Genuine Grip Footwear Slip Resistant Jogger Size 115 M White Leather.
Mens footwear rocky s v tactical military boot.
S V 10 Special Ops Vented Military Boots 10.
Mens S V RKK0 Brown Work Safety Boots.
Style S V 10. Men's Steel Toe Shoes from the Top name Brands you know and Trust! IE10 Browsers with IE10 less can not be used on this site. More Amazing Mens Drew Toledo Size 16 W Brandy Leather.
Style S V 10 and other name brand Tactical Boots Shoes at The Exchange. Mens RKC0 0 Military and Tactical Boot Coyote Brown M US. Size Chart. I wear a 1 W in Belleville Tactical Research boots the size that fits me are 1 W.
Pounds per pair for a size 10. FQ000010 1 SP OPPS BT Medium Commercial Military Shoes. MENS FORCE Black SIZE. Find S V Tactical Military Boot is. Uniform Compliant AR 0 1 Weight.
Plansee High Performance Materials is an expert in the field of molybdenum tungsten tantalum niobium and chromium components. Style S V 10 Special Ops Vented Military Boots 10. Shop Mens S V Hot Weather Combat Boots S V 10 and other name brand Tactical Boots Shoes at The Exchange. The S V is our tried and true military collection built with superior materials and technology to help the men and women who serve our country go above. Be used on Mens Rocky 8 S2v 104 Size this site.


The C-Notes Of Cincinnati, singing quintet, are to appear Monday at 8:30 p.m. over CBS on Arthur Godfrey's Talent Scouts, according to Wes Lay, leader of the group. Wes, former member of Ralph Flanagan's "Singing Winds" and Johnny Ziegler's "Varsitones," is bottom right in the picture, the young man above him being Mort Hillman. The other two men are Ronnie Irwin and Charlie Hiller. Jane Griffis is the girl.


Dash Of Classic: Beads story !
It's not just about junk of beads, but flaunting this beautiful piece of "Art ".
I am not even tired collecting more.
to get something out of it . Then my eye got stuck this small accessories corner - Backstage.
I never felt in love with beads before like I did when I saw the die - hard collection.
whenever I find those eye - catching beads I just welcome them on my hand.
Over the years I was incomplete now I feel I have something to adorn with anything.
Folks keep some handful design of beads always for that last minute touch-up.
For now I am signing off - happy weekend .