text:
Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (SMAD3)
TGF-beta response effector Smad3; Smad3; SMAD family member 3; SMAD 3; Mothers against DPP homolog 3; Mad3; MMad3; MADH3; MAD homolog 3; JV15-2; HSMAD3; HMAD-3
SMAD3_HUMAN
Histone acetyltransferase p300 (EP300) Clinical trial Target Interacting Protein Info
EP300_HUMAN
Protein propionyltransferase p300; p300 HAT; P300; Histone crotonyltransferase p300; Histone butyryltransferase p300; E1A-associated protein p300; E1Aassociated protein p300
10 Experimental Evidences +
7 Reconstituted Complex [7]
10 Reconstituted Complex [9]
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SMURF2 (SMURF2) Interacting Protein Interacting Protein Info
SMUF2_HUMAN
1 Affinity Capture-Luminescence [10]
2 Affinity Capture-MS [11]
3 Affinity Capture-Western [12]
6 Reconstituted Complex [15]
7 Yeast two hybrid [15]
Histone acetyltransferase KAT2B (KAT2B) Literature-reported Target Interacting Protein Info
KAT2B_HUMAN
Spermidine acetyltransferase KAT2B; PCAF; P300/CBP-associated factor; P/CAF; Lysine acetyltransferase 2B; Histone acetyltransferase PCAF; Histone acetylase PCAF
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase NEDD4 (NEDD4) Literature-reported Target Interacting Protein Info
NEDD4_HUMAN
Neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated protein 4; NEDD4-1; NEDD-4; KIAA0093; HECT-type E3 ubiquitin transferase NEDD4; Cell proliferation-inducing gene 53 protein
3 Protein-peptide [20]
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase NEDD4-like (NEDD4L) Interacting Protein Interacting Protein Info
NED4L_HUMAN
NEDD4.2; NEDD4.2; RSP5; hNEDD4.2
Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1) Interacting Protein Interacting Protein Info
BRCA1_HUMAN
BRCAI; BRCC1; BROVCA1; FANCS; IRIS; PNCA4; PPP1R53; PSCP; RNF53
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM33 (TRIM33) Interacting Protein Interacting Protein Info
TRI33_HUMAN
ECTO; PTC7; RFG7; TF1G; TIF1G; TIF1GAMMA; TIFGAMMA
WW domain-containing protein 1 (WWP1) Interacting Protein Interacting Protein Info
WWP1_HUMAN
WW domain-containing protein 1; Tiul1; TGIF-interacting ubiquitin ligase 1; NEDD4-like E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase WWP1; HECT-type E3 ubiquitin transferase WWP1; Atrophin-1-interacting protein 5; AIP5
Erbin (ERBIN) Interacting Protein Interacting Protein Info
ERBIN_HUMAN
ERBIN; HEL.S.78; LAP2
Carbon-nitrogen hydrolases
[+] 1 Carbon-nitrogen hydrolases +
Histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) Successful Target Interacting Protein Info
HDAC1_HUMAN
RPD3L1; HD1
Isomerases
[+] 1 Isomerases +
Rotamase Pin1 (PIN1) Clinical trial Target Interacting Protein Info
PIN1_HUMAN
Prolyl isomerase Pin1; PPIase Pin1; Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase Pin1; Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 1; Peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase Pin1
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) Successful Target Interacting Protein Info
CDK4_HUMAN
PSK-J3; Cell division protein kinase 4
1 Biochemical Activity [37]
2 Co-localization [38]
Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) Clinical trial Target Interacting Protein Info
SIN3-associated protein; Sin3 associated polypeptide; P33 protein kinase; Cell division protein kinase 2; CDKN2
TGF-beta receptor type I (TGFBR1) Clinical trial Target Interacting Protein Info
TGFR1_HUMAN
Type I TGFbeta receptor kinase; Transforming growth factor-beta receptor type I; TGFR-1; TGF-beta type I receptor; TGF-beta receptor type-1; TbetaR-I; TbetaRI; SKR4; Serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor R4; ALK-5; ALK5; Activin receptor-like kinase 5; Activin A receptor type II-like protein kinase of 53kD
Nuclear hormone receptors
[+] 1 Nuclear hormone receptors +
Androgen receptor (AR) Successful Target Interacting Protein Info
ANDR_HUMAN
Testosterone receptor; Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 4; NR3C4; Dihydrotestosterone receptor; DHTR; Androgen receptor
Peptidases
[+] 3 Peptidases +
Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 15 (USP15) Interacting Protein Interacting Protein Info
UBP15_HUMAN
UNPH.2; UNPH4
Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase UCH37 (UCHL5) Patented-recorded Target Interacting Protein Info
UCHL5_HUMAN
UCH-L5; UCH37; Ubiquitin thioesterase L5; Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L5; CGI-70; AD-019
Herpesvirus ubiquitin-specific protease (HAUSP) Preclinical Target Interacting Protein Info
UBP7_HUMAN
Ubiquitin-specific-processing protease 7; Ubiquitin thioesterase 7; Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 7; Herpesvirus-associated ubiquitin-specific protease; Deubiquitinating enzyme 7
Pore-forming toxins
[+] 1 Pore-forming toxins +
Cellular tumor antigen p53 (TP53) Clinical trial Target Interacting Protein Info
P53_HUMAN
Tumor suppressor p53; Phosphoprotein p53; P53; Antigen NY-CO-13
Transcription regulators
[+] 15 Transcription regulators +
Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 (SMAD4) Interacting Protein Interacting Protein Info
DPC4; JIP; MADH4; MYHRS
10 Affinity Capture-Western [54]
Ski oncogene (SKI) Interacting Protein Interacting Protein Info
SKI_HUMAN
SGS; SKV
CREB-binding protein (CREBBP) Clinical trial Target Interacting Protein Info
CBP_HUMAN
CREBbinding protein; CBP
JV18; JV18.1; MADH2; MADR2; hMAD.2; hSMAD2
Transcription factor AP-1 (JUN) Discontinued Target Interacting Protein Info
JUN_HUMAN
V-jun avian sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog; Transcription factor AP-1; Proto-oncogene c-jun; P39; C-jun proto-oncogene; AP-1 transcription factor; AP1; Activator protein-1; Activator protein 1
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1A) Clinical trial Target Interacting Protein Info
HIF1A_HUMAN
Transcription factor HIF-1; PASD8; PAS domain-containing protein 8; MOP1; Member of PAS protein 1; Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF)-1; Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha; Hypoxia-inducible factor 1; Hypoxia inducible factor 1; HIF-1-alpha; HIF-1alpha; HIF1-alpha; HIF-1 alpha; HIF1 alpha; Class E basic helix-loop-helix protein 78; bHLHe78; Basic-helix-loop-helix-PAS protein MOP1; ARNT-interacting protein; ARNT interacting protein
Ski-like protein (SKIL) Interacting Protein Interacting Protein Info
SKIL_HUMAN
SNO; SnoA; SnoI; SnoN
Transcription factor Sp1 (SP1) Clinical trial Target Interacting Protein Info
SP1_HUMAN
TSFP1
Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) Literature-reported Target Interacting Protein Info
RUNX2_HUMAN
SL3-3 enhancer factor 1 alpha A subunit; SL3/AKV core-binding factor alpha A subunit; Polyomavirus enhancer-binding protein 2 alpha Asubunit; Polyomavirus enhancer-binding protein 2 alpha A subunit; PEBP2-alpha A; PEBP2A; PEA2-alpha A; Osteoblast-specific transcription factor 2; OSF-2; OSF2; Oncogene AML-3; Core-binding factor subunit alpha-1; CBF-alpha-1; CBFA1; AML3; Acute myeloid leukemia 3 protein
EPAS1_HUMAN
PASD2; PAS domain-containing protein 2; MOP2; Member of PAS protein 2; Hypoxia-inducible factor 2-alpha; HLF; HIF-2-alpha; HIF2-alpha; HIF2A; HIF-1-alpha-like factor; EPAS-1; Endothelial PAS domain-containing protein 1; Class E basic helix-loop-helix protein 73; bHLHe73; Basic-helix-loop-helix-PAS protein MOP2
Cyclic-AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-3 (ATF3) Literature-reported Target Interacting Protein Info
ATF3_HUMAN
Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-3; cAMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-3; Activating transcription factor 3
Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2) Literature-reported Target Interacting Protein Info
ZEB2_HUMAN
Zinc finger homeobox protein 1b; ZFX1B; ZFHX1B; SMADIP1; Smad-interacting protein 1; SIP1; KIAA0569; HRIHFB2411
Forkhead box protein O3 (FOXO3) Interacting Protein Interacting Protein Info
FOXO3_HUMAN
AF6q21; FKHRL1; FKHRL1P2; FOXO2; FOXO3A
Transcriptional repressor protein YY1 (YY1) Interacting Protein Interacting Protein Info
TYY1_HUMAN
DELTA; INO80S; NF.E1; UCRBP; YIN.YANG.1
Mad-related protein 1 (SMAD1) Interacting Protein Interacting Protein Info
Transforming growth factor-beta-signaling protein 1; Smad1; SMAD family member 1; SMAD 1; Mothers against DPP homolog 1; Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 1; Mad-related protein 1; MADR1; MADH1; MAD homolog 1; JV4-1; BSP-1; BSP1
[+] 1 Ubiquitin related proteins +
NEDD4-like E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase WWP2 (WWP2) Literature-reported Target Interacting Protein Info
WW domain-containing protein 2; WW domaincontaining protein 2; NEDD4like E3 ubiquitinprotein ligaseWWP2; HECT-type E3 ubiquitin transferase WWP2; Atrophin-1-interacting protein 2; Atrophin1interacting protein 2; AIP2
Other proteins
[+] 4 Other proteins +
Zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 9 (ZFYVE9) Interacting Protein Interacting Protein Info
ZFYV9_HUMAN
MADHIP; NSP; PPP1R173; SARA; SMADIP
5 Co-crystal Structure [69]
Inner nuclear membrane protein Man1 (LEMD3) Interacting Protein Interacting Protein Info
MAN1_HUMAN
Enhancer of filamentation 1 (NEDD9) Literature-reported Target Interacting Protein Info
CASL_HUMAN
Renal carcinoma antigen NY-REN-12; p105; Neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated protein 9; NEDD-9; hEF1; CRK-associated substrate-related protein; CASS2; CAS-L; CasL; Cas scaffolding protein family member 2
SNW domain-containing protein 1 (SNW1) Interacting Protein Interacting Protein Info
SNW1_HUMAN
Bx42; NCOA.62; PRPF45; Prp45; SKIIP; SKIP
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Regulation of Smad signaling through a differential recruitment of coactivators and corepressors by ZEB proteins. EMBO J. 2003 May 15;22(10):2453-62.
AMP-activated protein kinase inhibits TGF--induced fibrogenic responses of hepatic stellate cells by targeting transcriptional coactivator p300. J Cell Physiol. 2012 Mar;227(3):1081-9.
Histone deacetylase inhibition suppresses the transforming growth factor beta1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in hepatocytes. Hepatology. 2010 Sep;52(3):1033-45.
TGF-beta-stimulated cooperation of smad proteins with the coactivators CBP/p300. Genes Dev. 1998 Jul 15;12(14):2114-9.
Involvement of the constitutive complex formation of c-Ski/SnoN with Smads in the impaired negative feedback regulation of transforming growth fact... Arthritis Rheum. 2007 May;56(5):1694-705.
The transcriptional co-activator P/CAF potentiates TGF-beta/Smad signaling. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Nov 1;28(21):4291-8.
Sox9 and p300 cooperatively regulate chromatin-mediated transcription. J Biol Chem. 2005 Oct 21;280(42):35203-8.
c-Ski acts as a transcriptional co-repressor in transforming growth factor-beta signaling through interaction with smads. J Biol Chem. 1999 Dec 3;274(49):35269-77.
TRAF4 promotes TGF- receptor signaling and drives breast cancer metastasis. Mol Cell. 2013 Sep 12;51(5):559-72.
Identification of novel Smad2 and Smad3 associated proteins in response to TGF-beta1. J Cell Biochem. 2008 Oct 1;105(2):596-611.
Negative regulation of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling by WW domain-containing protein 1 (WWP1). Oncogene. 2004 Sep 9;23(41):6914-23.
Selective compounds enhance osteoblastic activity by targeting HECT domain of ubiquitin ligase Smurf1. Oncotarget. 2016 Jul 18;8(31):50521-50533.
Regulation of Smad degradation and activity by Smurf2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Jan 30;98(3):974-9.
Smurf2 is a ubiquitin E3 ligase mediating proteasome-dependent degradation of Smad2 in transforming growth factor-beta signaling. J Biol Chem. 2000 Nov 24;275(47):36818-22.
Characterization of a novel transcriptionally active domain in the transforming growth factor beta-regulated Smad3 protein. Nucleic Acids Res. 2005 Jul 1;33(12):3708-21.
Regulation of transforming growth factor-beta and bone morphogenetic protein signalling by transcriptional coactivator GCN5. Genes Cells. 2004 Feb;9(2):143-51.
A novel function for p21Cip1 and acetyltransferase p/CAF as critical transcriptional regulators of TGF-mediated breast cancer cell migration and invasion. Breast Cancer Res. 2012 Sep 20;14(5):R127.
NEDD4-2 (neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 4-2) negatively regulates TGF-beta (transforming growth factor-beta) signalling by inducing ubiquitin-mediated degradation of Smad2 and TGF-beta type I receptor. Biochem J. 2005 Mar 15;386(Pt 3):461-70.
A Smad action turnover switch operated by WW domain readers of a phosphoserine code. Genes Dev. 2011 Jun 15;25(12):1275-88.
Structural basis for the versatile interactions of Smad7 with regulator WW domains in TGF- Pathways. Structure. 2012 Oct 10;20(10):1726-36.
Ubiquitin ligase Nedd4L targets activated Smad2/3 to limit TGF-beta signaling. Mol Cell. 2009 Nov 13;36(3):457-68.
Smad7 Protein Interacts with Receptor-regulated Smads (R-Smads) to Inhibit Transforming Growth Factor- (TGF-)/Smad Signaling. J Biol Chem. 2016 Jan 1;291(1):382-92.
TGFbeta1/Smad3 counteracts BRCA1-dependent repair of DNA damage. Oncogene. 2005 Mar 31;24(14):2289-97.
BRCA1 interacts with Smad3 and regulates Smad3-mediated TGF-beta signaling during oxidative stress responses. PLoS One. 2009 Sep 21;4(9):e7091.
Genome-wide impact of the BRG1 SWI/SNF chromatin remodeler on the transforming growth factor beta transcriptional program. J Biol Chem. 2008 Jan 11;283(2):1146-55.
Sustained activation of SMAD3/SMAD4 by FOXM1 promotes TGF--dependent cancer metastasis. J Clin Invest. 2014 Feb;124(2):564-79.
An integrated bioinformatics platform for investigating the human E3 ubiquitin ligase-substrate interaction network. Nat Commun. 2017 Aug 24;8(1):347.
Functional proteomics mapping of a human signaling pathway. Genome Res. 2004 Jul;14(7):1324-32. Validation Studies
A proteome-scale map of the human interactome network. Cell. 2014 Nov 20;159(5):1212-1226.
Widespread macromolecular interaction perturbations in human genetic disorders. Cell. 2015 Apr 23;161(3):647-660.
Erbin inhibits transforming growth factor beta signaling through a novel Smad-interacting domain. Mol Cell Biol. 2007 Sep;27(17):6183-94.
Identification of three novel Smad binding proteins involved in cell polarity. FEBS Lett. 2003 Mar 27;539(1-3):167-73.
An essential role for Mad homology domain 1 in the association of Smad3 with histone deacetylase activity*. J Biol Chem. 2001 Jun 22;276(25):22595-603.
Pin1 down-regulates transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling by inducing degradation of Smad proteins. J Biol Chem. 2009 Mar 6;284(10):6109-15.
Pin1 promotes transforming growth factor-beta-induced migration and invasion. J Biol Chem. 2010 Jan 15;285(3):1754-64.
Cyclin-dependent kinases regulate the antiproliferative function of Smads. Nature. 2004 Jul 8;430(6996):226-31.
Using an in situ proximity ligation assay to systematically profile endogenous protein-protein interactions in a pathway network. J Proteome Res. 2014 Dec 5;13(12):5339-46.
Disruption of transforming growth factor-beta signaling in ELF beta-spectrin-deficient mice. Science. 2003 Jan 24;299(5606):574-7.
Casein kinase 2 (CK2) phosphorylates the deubiquitylase OTUB1 at Ser16 to trigger its nuclear localization. Sci Signal. 2015 Apr 14;8(372):ra35.
SMAD3 represses androgen receptor-mediated transcription. Cancer Res. 2001 Mar 1;61(5):2112-8.
The androgen receptor represses transforming growth factor-beta signaling through interaction with Smad3. J Biol Chem. 2002 Jan 11;277(2):1240-8.
Differential modulation of androgen receptor-mediated transactivation by Smad3 and tumor suppressor Smad4. J Biol Chem. 2002 Nov 15;277(46):43749-56.
USP15 is a deubiquitylating enzyme for receptor-activated SMADs. Nat Cell Biol. 2011 Sep 25;13(11):1368-75.
USP15 stabilizes TGF- receptor I and promotes oncogenesis through the activation of TGF- signaling in glioblastoma. Nat Med. 2012 Feb 19;18(3):429-35.
Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase-L5 promotes TGF-1 signaling by de-ubiquitinating and stabilizing Smad2/Smad3 in pulmonary fibrosis. Sci Rep. 2016 Sep 8;6:33116.
The deubiquitinating enzyme UCH37 interacts with Smads and regulates TGF-beta signalling. Oncogene. 2005 Dec 1;24(54):8080-4.
Toward an understanding of the protein interaction network of the human liver. Mol Syst Biol. 2011 Oct 11;7:536.
Links between tumor suppressors: p53 is required for TGF-beta gene responses by cooperating with Smads. Cell. 2003 May 2;113(3):301-14.
Differential regulation of the REG-proteasome pathway by p53/TGF- signalling and mutant p53 in cancer cells. Nat Commun. 2013;4:2667.
A component of the ARC/Mediator complex required for TGF beta/Nodal signalling. Nature. 2002 Aug 8;418(6898):641-6.
Smad7 induces tumorigenicity by blocking TGF-beta-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis. Exp Cell Res. 2005 Jul 1;307(1):231-46.
Integration of Smad and forkhead pathways in the control of neuroepithelial and glioblastoma cell proliferation. Cell. 2004 Apr 16;117(2):211-23.
TGF-beta receptor-mediated signalling through Smad2, Smad3 and Smad4. EMBO J. 1997 Sep 1;16(17):5353-62.
Hyaluronan activates Hyal-2/WWOX/Smad4 signaling and causes bubbling cell death when the signaling complex is overexpressed. Oncotarget. 2017 Mar 21;8(12):19137-19155.
Cooperative binding of Smad proteins to two adjacent DNA elements in the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 promoter mediates transforming growth factor beta-induced smad-dependent transcriptional activation. J Biol Chem. 1999 Apr 2;274(14):9431-41.
Structural mechanism of Smad4 recognition by the nuclear oncoprotein Ski: insights on Ski-mediated repression of TGF-beta signaling. Cell. 2002 Nov 1;111(3):357-67.
Roles of pathway-specific and inhibitory Smads in activin receptor signaling. Mol Endocrinol. 1999 Jan;13(1):15-23.
Sp1 and Smad proteins cooperate to mediate transforming growth factor-beta 1-induced alpha 2(I) collagen expression in human glomerular mesangial cells. J Biol Chem. 2001 Mar 9;276(10):6983-92.
Transforming growth factor-1 induces expression of human coagulation factor XII via Smad3 and JNK signaling pathways in human lung fibroblasts. J Biol Chem. 2010 Apr 9;285(15):11638-51.
Distinct domain utilization by Smad3 and Smad4 for nucleoporin interaction and nuclear import. J Biol Chem. 2003 Oct 24;278(43):42569-77.
CBL enhances breast tumor formation by inhibiting tumor suppressive activity of TGF- signaling. Oncogene. 2012 Dec 13;31(50):5123-31.
Structural basis of heteromeric smad protein assembly in TGF-beta signaling. Mol Cell. 2004 Sep 10;15(5):813-23.
Direct interaction of Ski with either Smad3 or Smad4 is necessary and sufficient for Ski-mediated repression of transforming growth factor-beta signaling. J Biol Chem. 2003 Aug 29;278(35):32489-92.
Two short segments of Smad3 are important for specific interaction of Smad3 with c-Ski and SnoN. J Biol Chem. 2003 Jan 3;278(1):531-6.
Requirement of the co-repressor homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2 for ski-mediated inhibition of bone morphogenetic protein-induced transcri... J Biol Chem. 2003 Oct 3;278(40):38998-9005.
Competition between Ski and CREB-binding protein for binding to Smad proteins in transforming growth factor-beta signaling. J Biol Chem. 2007 Apr 13;282(15):11365-76.
The oncoprotein Ski acts as an antagonist of transforming growth factor-beta signaling by suppressing Smad2 phosphorylation. J Biol Chem. 2003 Jul 11;278(28):26249-57.
Smad3 allostery links TGF-beta receptor kinase activation to transcriptional control. Genes Dev. 2002 Aug 1;16(15):1950-63.
Repression of bone morphogenetic protein and activin-inducible transcription by Evi-1. J Biol Chem. 2005 Jun 24;280(25):24227-37.
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway targets acetylation of Smad3 through Smad3/CREB-binding protein interaction: contribution to transforming growth factor beta1-induced Epstein-Barr virus reactivation. J Biol Chem. 2009 Sep 4;284(36):23912-24.
Role of RbBP5 and H3K4me3 in the vicinity of Snail transcription start site during epithelial-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer cell. Oncotarget. 2016 Oct 4;7(40):65553-65567.
Selective inhibition of TGF-beta responsive genes by Smad-interacting peptide aptamers from FoxH1, Lef1 and CBP. Oncogene. 2005 Jun 2;24(24):3864-74.
Architecture of the human interactome defines protein communities and disease networks. Nature. 2017 May 25;545(7655):505-509.
The BioPlex Network: A Systematic Exploration of the Human Interactome. Cell. 2015 Jul 16;162(2):425-440.
Heteromeric and homomeric interactions correlate with signaling activity and functional cooperativity of Smad3 and Smad4/DPC4. Mol Cell Biol. 1997 May;17(5):2521-8.
Smad3 and Smad4 cooperate with c-Jun/c-Fos to mediate TGF-beta-induced transcription. Nature. 1998 Aug 27;394(6696):909-13.
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibits transforming growth factor-beta /Smad signaling in human dermal fibroblasts via AP-1 activation. J Biol Chem. 2000 Sep 29;275(39):30226-31.
Smads bind directly to the Jun family of AP-1 transcription factors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Apr 27;96(9):4844-9.
A cross-talk between hypoxia and TGF-beta orchestrates erythropoietin gene regulation through SP1 and Smads. J Mol Biol. 2004 Feb 6;336(1):9-24.
Synergistic cooperation between hypoxia and transforming growth factor-beta pathways on human vascular endothelial growth factor gene expression. J Biol Chem. 2001 Oct 19;276(42):38527-35.
Smad3 recruits the anaphase-promoting complex for ubiquitination and degradation of SnoN. Genes Dev. 2001 Nov 1;15(21):2822-36.
Negative feedback regulation of TGF-beta signaling by the SnoN oncoprotein. Science. 1999 Oct 22;286(5440):771-4.
Smad-Sp1 complexes mediate TGFbeta-induced early transcription of oncogenic Smad7 in pancreatic cancer cells. Carcinogenesis. 2006 Dec;27(12):2392-401.
Role of Smad proteins and transcription factor Sp1 in p21(Waf1/Cip1) regulation by transforming growth factor-beta. J Biol Chem. 2000 Sep 22;275(38):29244-56.
A RUNX2/PEBP2alpha A/CBFA1 mutation displaying impaired transactivation and Smad interaction in cleidocranial dysplasia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Sep 12;97(19):10549-54.
Interaction and functional cooperation of PEBP2/CBF with Smads. Synergistic induction of the immunoglobulin germline Calpha promoter. J Biol Chem. 1999 Oct 29;274(44):31577-82.
Opposite functions of HIF- isoforms in VEGF induction by TGF-1 under non-hypoxic conditions. Oncogene. 2011 Mar 10;30(10):1213-28.
ATF3, an adaptive-response gene, enhances TGF{beta} signaling and cancer-initiating cell features in breast cancer cells. J Cell Sci. 2010 Oct 15;123(Pt 20):3558-65.
A self-enabling TGFbeta response coupled to stress signaling: Smad engages stress response factor ATF3 for Id1 repression in epithelial cells. Mol Cell. 2003 Apr;11(4):915-26.
Pc2-mediated sumoylation of Smad-interacting protein 1 attenuates transcriptional repression of E-cadherin. J Biol Chem. 2005 Oct 21;280(42):35477-89.
SMAD3 augments FoxO3-induced MuRF-1 promoter activity in a DNA-binding-dependent manner. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2014 Aug 1;307(3):C278-87.
Nuclear factor YY1 inhibits transforming growth factor beta- and bone morphogenetic protein-induced cell differentiation. Mol Cell Biol. 2003 Jul;23(13):4494-510.
Selective targeting of activating and inhibitory Smads by distinct WWP2 ubiquitin ligase isoforms differentially modulates TGF signalling and EMT. Oncogene. 2011 May 26;30(21):2451-62.
Cytoplasmic PML function in TGF-beta signalling. Nature. 2004 Sep 9;431(7005):205-11.
A novel ability of Smad3 to regulate proteasomal degradation of a Cas family member HEF1. EMBO J. 2000 Dec 15;19(24):6759-69.
Direct interaction between Smad3, APC10, CDH1 and HEF1 in proteasomal degradation of HEF1. BMC Cell Biol. 2004 May 16;5:20.
Ski-interacting protein interacts with Smad proteins to augment transforming growth factor-beta-dependent transcription. J Biol Chem. 2001 May 25;276(21):18243-8.


text:
Q: How to filter image to throw away stray pixels? I have image data that comprises mostly roundish images surrounded by boring black background. I am handling this by grabbing the bounding box using PIL's getbbox(), and then cropping. This gives me some satisfaction, but tiny specks of grey within the sea of boring black cause getbbox() to return bounding boxes that are too large.
A deliberately generated problematic image is attached; note the single dark-grey pixel in the lower right. I have also included a more typical "real world" image.
Generated problematic image
Real-world image
I have done some faffing around with UnsharpMask and SHARP and BLUR filters in the PIL ImageFilter module with no success.
I want to throw out those stray gray pixels and get a nice bounding box, but without hosing my image data.

A: You want to run a median filter on a copy of your image to get the bounding box, then apply that bounding box to your original, unblurred image. So:

*

*copy your original image

*apply a median blur filter to the copy - probably 5x5 depending on the size of the speck

*get bounding box

*apply bounding box to your original image.

Here is some code to get you started:
#!/usr/local/bin/python3

import numpy as np
from PIL import Image, ImageFilter

# Load image
im = Image.open('eye.png').convert('L')
orig = im.copy()    # Save original

# Threshold to make black and white
thr = im.point(lambda p: p > 128 and 255)
# Following line is just for debug
thr.save('result-1.png')

# Median filter to remove noise
fil = thr.filter(ImageFilter.MedianFilter(3))
# Following line is just for debug
fil.save('result-2.png')

# Get bounding box from filtered image
bbox = fil.getbbox()

# Apply bounding box to original image and save
result = orig.crop(bbox)
result.save('result.png')

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Shortly after moving to the world of digital journalism nearly three years ago, I was interviewed by Talking Business. Here's a link to that interview and my thoughts at the time.
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text:
NSHC Letter to Communities: Update
NSHC Response to Arrests on 11/4/20
Mutual Aid & COVID-19
Guidelines for Membership
Resources for Activists
Medic Accountability
Support North Star Health!
NSHC Statement in Response to the 11/4/2020 arrests
On the evening of Wednesday, November 4th, 2020, hundreds of people took to the streets of Minneapolis to march, demonstrate, and advocate together for causes that are central to the movement during these times. After years of right-wing reactionary politics, police murders, economic crises creating further houselessness and poverty, a climate crisis going untended to, and a pandemic killing our community members, people went out into the streets again. Upon taking to the I-94 freeway, over 600 people were immediately kettled by police, given no opportunity to disperse, and over the course of many hours, arrested.
As street medics and those with community care at the center of our work, North Star Health Collective responded to the calls for these demonstrations by organizing over a dozen medics to be present at the marches and rallies throughout the afternoon and evening to provide preventative care and medical support. While we are never surprised by the brutality and inexplicable force of the various police departments represented that evening, we consider the police actions to be violent, repressive, undemocratic, and downright despicable.
Eleven (11) North Star street medics were arrested in that kettle. They did what they were there to do: take care of people, spread calm, and support the community. North Star is grateful and humbled by the work of these medics and we will support them throughout whatever legal repercussions are to follow. We condemn not only the arrests of the hundreds of people that evening, but further highlight that it is completely deplorable to detain and arrest medics giving care. While deplorable, this is in line with local law enforcement's recent trend in targeting street medics and other movement support infrastructure as a means to disempower the community. We saw this frequently during the early nights of the uprising after George Floyd was killed, when medics were targeted by police while in the streets providing care.
Despite the local and regional law enforcement's pattern of harming medics, we will not be deterred. As our communities continue to resist, so shall we show up to provide care, support, and spread calm. Do no harm. Take no shit.
Contact North Star Health Collective
northstarhealth@gmail.com
*** 2021 Northstar Health Collective. Proudly created with Wix.com


text:
EntertainmentMagazine CoversMovies
Mo Abudu Covers Guardian Life Magazine
The Nigerian filmmaker and media personality, Mo Abudu has covered the latest edition of the Guardian Life Magazine where she talks about her rise to being a successful media personality and storyteller. She talked about how she started 'Moments with Mo' without any TV experience just because she thought it was necessary for Africans to share their stories.
On quitting a high-paying job as the Head of Human Resources and Training at ExxonMobil to pursue her dreams, Mo Abudu has this to say, "Scary thought at the time, but I knew instinctively that I wanted to do more. On reflection now, I understand why some friends and family were worried about my decision. I had a great job, [was] paid well, the sky was the limit and I walked away from it all."
She also talked about her movie production company, EbonyLifeTV, which is among the top 25% of most-watched channels on DSTV. She said, "It has been an incredible journey producing films that resonate with our audiences at home and abroad. Our box office success demonstrates that audiences enjoy relevant storytelling that reflects their everyday lives,
"I believe having the right cast mix, infusing high production value, working with the right teams, marketing, and personally for me, prayer and fasting have all contributed to our success.
"We have been fortunate for many reasons: setting out a clear vision, building a great team, producing quality content, investing in IP and story development, attending global industry events, continually pitching ideas globally, never taking no for an answer and of course loads of prayers and fasting along the way."
You can read the full interview here:
https://m.guardian.ng/life/mo-abudu-africas-foremost-storyteller/
TagsfilmmakerGUARDIAN LIFEMo Abudunollywood
Women in Film: Top 10 Nollywood Producers
WHO Discontinues Use of Hydroxychloroquine For Covid-19 ...
#IphieStylish40: Photos from Ifeoma Williams' Michael Jackson themed Birthday Party
Watch Here: B.T.S Footage of Heaven's Hell!


text:
Q: SQL syntax around BIGINT inside SUM Below query gives me syntax error from PSequel ERROR: syntax error at or near ","
SELECT
  bank_transfers.date as day,
  CAST(SUM(bank_transfers.amount_cents) as BIGINT) as gross_value
FROM bank_transfers
JOIN customers on customers.id = bank_transfers.customer_id
WHERE customers.id = 1
AND bank_transfers.date < Thu, 26 Nov 2020
AND bank_transfers.date >= Wed, 26 Aug 2020
GROUP BY day

So I've check it by everysql validator and received an error:

You have an error in your SQL syntax; it seems the error is around: 'BIGINT) AS gross_value FROM bank_transfers JOIN customers ON customers.id = ' at line 3

What am I missed?

A: You need to fix the date format:
SELECT
  bank_transfers.date as day,
  CAST(SUM(bank_transfers.amount_cents) as BIGINT) as gross_value
FROM bank_transfers
JOIN customers on customers.id = bank_transfers.customer_id
WHERE customers.id = 1
AND bank_transfers.date < '2020-11-26'
AND bank_transfers.date >= '2020-08-26'
GROUP BY day


text:
concurrent.futures cancel pending at Executor.shutdown
!$? operators for gratuitous...
concurrent.futures deinitializer...
Miguel Ángel Prosper
2 Jan 2020 2 Jan '20
I think it would be very helpful to have an additional argument (cancel for example) added to Executor.shutdown that cancels all pending futures submitted to the executor. Then context manager would gain the ability to abort all futures incase of a exception, additionally this would also implement the missing cuterpart of the multiprocessing module terminate, currently we only have close.
Andrew Barnert
3 Jan 3 Jan
On Jan 2, 2020, at 20:40, Miguel Ángel Prosper miguelangel.prosper@gmail.com wrote:
I think it would be very helpful to have an additional argument (cancel for example) added to Executor.shutdown that cancels all pending futures submitted to the executor.
Then context manager would gain the ability to abort all futures incase of a exception, additionally this would also implement the missing cuterpart of the multiprocessing module terminate, currently we only have close.
But terminate kills the process abruptly—skipping with/finally and atexit and internal interpreter cleanup, orphaning any children, etc. This is rarely what you want, especially not if you're sharing a queue and a lock with the process.
And I think you can't cleanly abort existing futures once you've done that; you have to mark them as being in an unknown state, not call any callbacks, and probably raise if the parent does anything but discard them uninspected.
Also, there's no way to do the same thing for threads—and if you could, it would leave the process in a corrupted state.
Having a way to clear the queue and then shutdown once existing jobs are done is a lot more manageable. But it's not terminate; there's still a probably short but potentially unbounded wait for shutdown to finish. (Or, if you haven't designed your jobs to be appropriately small, a probably _long_ wait.)
So the only clean way to do this is cooperative: flush the queue, send some kind of message to all children telling them to finish as quickly as possible, then wait for them to finish.
If you're looking for a way to do a "graceful shutdown if possible but after N seconds just go down hard" the way, e.g., Apache or nginx does, I don't think that could be safely done killing child threads in Python. (In C, you can write code to handle any emergency situation up to even having a trashed heap and stack if you're careful, but in Python, you can't do that; you can't interpret a single Python instruction inside such an emergency.) But since you're shutting down as quickly as possible after the N seconds are up, you can just daemonize the whole pool, do your emergency shutdown code, and exit or abort, after which the daemon threads get safely killed immediately.
Having a way to clear the queue and then shutdown once existing jobs are done is a lot more manageable.
I was personally thinking of an implementation like that, cancel all still in pending and if wait is true the wait for the ones running, for both implementations. I didn't actually meant terminate literally, I just called it that as that's what multiprocessing.dummy.Pool.terminate (+ join after) does.
Guido van Rossum
Looking at the implementation in concurrent/futures/thread.py, it looks like each of the worker threads repeatedly gets one item from the queue, runs it, and then checks if the executor is being shut down. Worker threads get added dynamically until the executor's max thread count is reached. New futures cannot be submitted when the executor is being shut down. The shutdown() method waits until all workers have cleanly exited.
So it looks like the only time when submitted futures are neither executed nor cancelled is when there are more items in the work queue than there are worker threads. In this situation the worker threads just exit, and the unprocessed items will stay pending forever.
If I analyzed this correctly, perhaps we can add some functionality where leftover work items are explicitly cancelled? I think that would satisfy the OP's requirement. I *think* it would be safe to do this in shutdown() after it has set self._shutdown but before it waits for the worker threads.
--Guido
On Fri, Jan 3, 2020 at 10:10 AM Miguel Ángel Prosper < miguelangel.prosper@gmail.com> wrote:
Having a way to clear the queue and then shutdown once existing jobs are
done is a lot
more manageable.
So the only clean way to do this is cooperative: flush the queue, send
some kind of
message to all children telling them to finish as quickly as possible,
then wait for them
to finish.
I was personally thinking of an implementation like that, cancel all still in pending and if wait is true the wait for the ones running, for both implementations. I didn't actually meant terminate literally, I just called it that as that's what multiprocessing.dummy.Pool.terminate (+ join after) does. _______________________________________________ Python-ideas mailing list -- python-ideas@python.org To unsubscribe send an email to python-ideas-leave@python.org https://mail.python.org/mailman3/lists/python-ideas.python.org/ Message archived at https://mail.python.org/archives/list/python-ideas@python.org/message/M62FHI... Code of Conduct: http://python.org/psf/codeofconduct/
-- --Guido van Rossum (python.org/~guido) *Pronouns: he/him **(why is my pronoun here?)* http://feministing.com/2015/02/03/how-using-they-as-a-singular-pronoun-can-change-the-world/
gets one item from the queue, runs it, and then checks if the executor is being shut down.
That's exactly what I thought at first, but just after that the continue statement prevents that check, so all futures always get processed. Only when the sentinel is reached, which it's placed at the end, it actually does the check.
perhaps we can add some functionality where leftover work items are explicitly cancelled? I think that would satisfy the OP's requirement.
Yes that would be perfect, that way we could have a controlled but fast exit for certain scenarios, such as the ones listed in the first post.
From what I examined the procedure would be very similar to the one followed when a initializer fails, both implementations clear all pending futures when it happens. On ThreadPoolExecutor specifically, just calling a modified version of _initializer_failed at the time discussed would seem to be sufficient, changing the call Future.set_exception to Future.cancel.
On Fri, Jan 3, 2020 at 3:28 PM Miguel Ángel Prosper < miguelangel.prosper@gmail.com> wrote:
gets one item from the queue, runs it, and then checks if the executor
is being shut down.
Keen eye!
perhaps we can add some functionality where leftover work items are
explicitly cancelled? I think that would satisfy the OP's requirement.
OK, since the current behavior of shutdown() is "disallow submitting new futures and wait for all currently queued futures to be processed", we definitely need a new flag.
It looks like you have a good handle on the code -- do you want to submit a PR to GitHub to add such a parameter?
Thanks, but I'm not really sure how to implement it in the ProcessPoolExecutor, I just think the solution is probably related to the code responsible of handling a failed initializer (since they do very similar things). On the ThreadPoolExecutor maybe I could, but I haven't really checked for side effects or weird things.
(Belatedly)
Is anyone else interested in implementing this small feature for concurrent.futures?
On Fri, Jan 3, 2020 at 18:28 Miguel Ángel Prosper < miguelangel.prosper@gmail.com> wrote:
It looks like you have a good handle on the code -- do you want to
submit a PR to GitHub to add such a parameter?
Thanks, but I'm not really sure how to implement it in the ProcessPoolExecutor, I just think the solution is probably related to the code responsible of handling a failed initializer (since they do very similar things). On the ThreadPoolExecutor maybe I could, but I haven't really checked for side effects or weird things. _______________________________________________ Python-ideas mailing list -- python-ideas@python.org To unsubscribe send an email to python-ideas-leave@python.org https://mail.python.org/mailman3/lists/python-ideas.python.org/ Message archived at https://mail.python.org/archives/list/python-ideas@python.org/message/FGTSBG... Code of Conduct: http://python.org/psf/codeofconduct/
-- --Guido (mobile)
Kyle Stanley
Is anyone else interested in implementing this small feature for
concurrent.futures?
I would certainly be willing to look into it. We've been discussing the possibility of a native threadpool for asyncio in the future ( https://bugs.python.org/issue32309), so it would certainly be beneficial for me to build some experience in working with the internals of the executors. I think implementing this small feature would be a good introduction.
On Wed, Jan 15, 2020 at 5:37 PM Guido van Rossum guido@python.org wrote:
-- --Guido (mobile) _______________________________________________ Python-ideas mailing list -- python-ideas@python.org To unsubscribe send an email to python-ideas-leave@python.org https://mail.python.org/mailman3/lists/python-ideas.python.org/ Message archived at https://mail.python.org/archives/list/python-ideas@python.org/message/WSE2KM... Code of Conduct: http://python.org/psf/codeofconduct/
2 Feb 2 Feb
I would certainly be willing to look into it.
As an update to this thread for anyone interested in this feature, it's been implemented in Python 3.9 for both ProcessPoolExecutor and ThreadPoolExecutor as a new parameter to Executor.shutdown(), *cancel_futures*.
For a description of the feature, see the updated documentation: https://docs.python.org/3.9/library/concurrent.futures.html#concurrent.futur...
For implementation details, see the PR: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/18057
Also, thank you Guido for bringing attention to the issue. The implementation was a bit more involved than I initially anticipated (particularly for ProcessPoolExecutor), but I found it to be well worth the effort! Both for the benefit of the new feature, and for the opportunity to work with a part of the internals of the executors.
On Wed, Jan 15, 2020 at 5:59 PM Kyle Stanley aeros167@gmail.com wrote:
Thank you so much for all your efforts on this change, Kyle! And thanks to Brian Q and Antoine P for reviewing.
On Sun, Feb 2, 2020 at 15:40 Kyle Stanley aeros167@gmail.com wrote:
--Guido (mobile)
Thank you so much for the work, I was very confused on how to even start implementing it in the ProcessPoolExecutor, but you finished everything super quick!
I'm suppose that this might be better in another thread but... Could it be possible to changing the context manager of the executor to cancel futures on uncaught exceptions? If not I could also be added as an optional parameter to the executor constructor, "cancel_on_error" set to False to not changing anything. Personally I was thinking of using the executor like that; currently I have to either place everything in a try except block, handle it and then reraise it or subclass each executor.
Miguel Ángel Prosper wrote:
Thank you so much for the work, I was very confused on how to even start
implementing it in the ProcessPoolExecutor, but you finished everything super quick!
No problem! The ProcessPoolExecutor implementation wasn't immediately clear to me either, but after some experimentation (and some great suggestions from Brian Quinlain to improve it) I was able to get it functioning as intended. Thank you for the proposal, I think it will be a good addition for the Executor API.
I'm suppose that this might be better in another thread but... Could it
be possible to changing the context manager of the executor to cancel futures on uncaught exceptions?
Hmm, it should be possible. Do you specifically mean cancelling the pending futures once a single one of the submitted functions raises an exception, or cancelling the pending futures when the Executor itself raises an exception (I.E. BrokenProcessPool)? I would assume the prior, since that seems more useful to me.
If not I could also be added as an optional parameter to the executor
constructor, "cancel_on_error" set to False to not changing anything.
Assuming we did implement something like this, I'd say it should be done as an optional parameter for the constructor (as stated above) rather than as the default option when an exception occurs, because it would significantly different from the current behavior. At the moment, the executor doesn't mind when exceptions are raised from submitted functions; it simply sets the exception to the future (via ``future.set_exception()``) and moves on to the next.
So, cancelling the pending futures after one raises an exception would be a significant behavioral change; one that could easily result in breaking existing code. As a result, I think it should be an optional parameter if anything.
As far as whether or not it should be implemented, I'm not 100% certain. While I'm not against the idea of it, I think it would be reasonable to wait until the new parameter is released in Python 3.9 and see what users think of it prior to adding a similar parameter to the executor constructor as well. The cost of adding a new feature demanded by users is relatively minimal, but once it's added we're stuck with maintaining it.
If the idea is approved, I'd be happy to help with implementing it. I just want to make sure that we actually want it in the first place.
What do you think, Guido? I've also CC'd Brian Quinlain and Antoine Pitrou, in case they have any feedback but didn't see the original thread.
On Mon, Feb 3, 2020 at 2:27 AM Miguel Ángel Prosper < miguelangel.prosper@gmail.com> wrote:
I'm suppose that this might be better in another thread but... Could it be possible to changing the context manager of the executor to cancel futures on uncaught exceptions? If not I could also be added as an optional parameter to the executor constructor, "cancel_on_error" set to False to not changing anything. Personally I was thinking of using the executor like that; currently I have to either place everything in a try except block, handle it and then reraise it or subclass each executor. _______________________________________________ Python-ideas mailing list -- python-ideas@python.org To unsubscribe send an email to python-ideas-leave@python.org https://mail.python.org/mailman3/lists/python-ideas.python.org/ Message archived at https://mail.python.org/archives/list/python-ideas@python.org/message/R5VMWP... Code of Conduct: http://python.org/psf/codeofconduct/
I was referring to any exception within the context manager of the executor, not the futures or just the executor's exceptions, something such as the following:
with ThreadPoolExecutor(cancel_on_error=True) as executor: # Code here raise Exception
Then if Executor.__exit__ detects an exception it would call shutdown with cancel_futures set to True.
Then if Executor.__exit__ detects an exception it would call shutdown
with cancel_futures set to True.
Oh, I see. That should be rather simple:
``` def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb): if exc_val is not None and self._cancel_on_error: self.shutdown(wait=True, cancel_futures=True) else: self.shutdown(wait=True) return False ```
(I believe the above would have to be specified as an override for each of ThreadPoolExecutor and ProcessPoolExecutor if *cancel_on_error* were supplied as a parameter to the executor constructor. They both currently use the ``__exit__`` specified in the abstract Executor class, which wouldn't have access to *cancel_on_error*.)
My previous consideration about waiting for user input of *cancel_futures *after the release of 3.9*, *before adding *cancel_on_error* to the constructor still applies to some degree though. If it directly uses executor.shutdown() with cancel_futures set to True, the maintenance would be rather minimal. But, it would potentially risk adding an underutilized parameter to the executor constructor (which contributes to feature bloat).
Hmm, it should be possible. Do you specifically mean cancelling the
futures once a single one of the submitted functions raises an exception, or cancelling the pending futures when the Executor itself raises an exception (I.E. BrokenProcessPool)? I would assume the prior, since that seems more useful to me.
Then if Executor.__exit__ detects an exception it would call shutdown with cancel_futures set to True. _______________________________________________ Python-ideas mailing list -- python-ideas@python.org To unsubscribe send an email to python-ideas-leave@python.org https://mail.python.org/mailman3/lists/python-ideas.python.org/ Message archived at https://mail.python.org/archives/list/python-ideas@python.org/message/OAMG4J... Code of Conduct: http://python.org/psf/codeofconduct/
But, it would potentially risk adding an underutilized parameter to the executor constructor (which contributes to feature bloat).
That's true, personally I would always enable cancel_on_error (making it redundant and implementing it in the abstract class), but that's just my use case. You can always add that functionality later with your own subclass.
Personally I think it make sense to do it by default but that's just me and it also changes current behaviour.
Brian Quinlan
Thanks for all your hard work on the `cancel_futures` feature!
As you said, there is a complexity cost (both in terms of the API and the implementation) whenever a new feature is added. The current ProcessPoolExecutor implementation, in particular, is complex enough that I can't easily easily reason about it's behavior and there are some long-standing bugs that have been difficult to resolve. I was actually hoping that we wouldn't touch the API for a while so I could do some stability work.
I'm -0 on the `cancel_on_error` feature but maybe it would help to hear about a concrete use case that can't be easily accomplished using the current API?
Cheers, Brian
On Mon, Feb 3, 2020 at 12:36 AM Kyle Stanley aeros167@gmail.com wrote:
Sincerely I would have to agree that it's seems a bit excessive the `cancel_on_error`, unless it enabled by default and implemented in the abstract class it should probably not be included, that was just an idea to keep backwards compatibility.
I will personally simply add subclass of my prefered executor with the following for my particular use case:
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb): self.shutdown(wait=True, cancel_futures=exc_val is not None) return False
Again, I think aborting futures on uncaught exceptions make sense, but it would break backwards compatibility.
I was personally thinking of an implementation like that, cancel all still in pending and if wait is true the wait for the ones running, for both implementations.
OK, that makes sense. And it seems like it should be implementable; the only hard part is identifying all the edge cases and verifying they all do the right thing for both threads and processes.
But I don't think "terminate" is the right name. Maybe "cancel"? Or even "shutdown(wait=whatever, cancel=True)?"
I think Java inspired this library, so maybe it's worth looking at what they do. But IIRC, it's a much more complicated API in general, and for this case you'd actually have to do something like this:
x.shutdown() # stop new submissions x.cancelAll() # cancel all tasks still in the queue x.purge() # remove and handle all canceled tasks x.join() # wait for already-started tasks to finish
… which probably isn't what we want.
I didn't actually meant terminate literally, I just called it that as that's what multiprocessing.dummy.Pool.terminate (+ join after) does.
IIRC, it only does that by accident, because dummy.Process.terminate is a no-op, and that isn't documented but just happens to be what CPython does.
"terminate" was definitely not a good name, especially because it doesn't actually terminate anything, it just cancels some of the operations. Since it also has to cooperate with the shutdown method, executing code after the state change but also before the wait, probably the best way to implement it would be just to add an additional parameter to shutdown. "cancel" seems perfect, by default set to false, to not change the current behavior.
Then maybe it would be a good idea to change the __exit__ method to set cancel to true if an exception is being handled, but I'm not sure about that.
python-ideas@python.org


text:
Yellow's The Word
Adventures and Ramblings
Finding Our Feet Project
Tag: scouting
scouting, Teenager
//Founders day! 110 years of Scouting//
Today is known as Founder's Day in the Scouting movement as it's the birthday of Lord Baden-Powell, founder of Scouting. 2017 also marks 110 years of Scouting! So I thought I'd talk a bit about what Scouting means to me. 🙂
I started scouting in 2007 when I joined Cubs, and left scouting last September as I couldn't keep up with it as well as starting a-levels, so in total I've spent 8 years of my life in Scouts and what an amazing time that's been!
One of the most prominent things that comes to mind when thinking about Scouting and what it means to me and for all the millions of other scouts around the world is the word 'discovery'.
Obviously, scouting provides a doorway through which we can have access to the outdoor world and explore more about the place where we live but alongside that, it gives young people a safe environment in which to discover ourselves; who we are and how we fit in with the world and society.
That's something that I've really valued throughout my time in Scouting, because the inclusive atmosphere at my local scout group made feel comfortable enough to be myself and develop as an individual and I'm really grateful that I had this opportunity growing up. It's definitely helped to shape me as a person and taught me invaluable skills such as communication and respect which are often lost in the hustle-bustle of modern society. Most importantly, it's given me a more positive outlook on life as I know that even if I'm faced with challenges that seem impossible, there is always away to get through them with perseverance and hard work.
Despite being a girl in a scouting movement that is predominantly – but not exclusively – made up of boys, during my time in scouts I didn't once feel that I couldn't – or shouldn't – do something just because of my gender. The opportunities and experiences scouting gave me were some of the best of my life – from attending Gilwell 24 and being surrounded by thousands of other scouts from around the UK and further a field to hiking up mountains in Austria and volunteering as a Young Leader and helping other young people get the most out of their time in Scouting. However I know that young people in other countries may not have the chance to experience this so I'd like to say that I hope that as the scouting movement grows, it will help young people in countries where society is not equal or inclusive to have some of the experiences I've had and be given equal opportunities to discover the world around them and develop as young people, regardless of gender, religion, race or sexual orientation.
Although I am not currently a member of the scouting movement, I will never forget what it means to me and one day hope to get back into scouting and help young people get the most out of the wonderful association that I love.
Feb 22, 2017 Feb 22, 2017 founders day, life, scouting, scouts, teen, zerotohero11 Comments
feminism, scouting
//Scouting for girls, scouting for all//
Today I read an article summarising the 2016 UK Scouting census which was full of statistics – some which made me very proud to be a member of such an inclusive youth movement, and others which made me realise there is still a long way to go before Scouting around the world is fully inclusive.
This year marks the 25 anniversary of girls being accepted and welcomed in to all sections of Scouting, for all age groups. 25 years is a relatively short amount of time compared to the 109 years that Scouting has been running in total. For just under a quarter of the Scouting movement's lifetime, girls like me have been allowed to explore the outdoors, enjoy thrilling adventures and most importantly have fun with other youngsters whilst boys have been able to do so for 109 years.
Although 25 years of girls in Scouting is a very important and exciting milestone to have reached, it does disappoint me a little that it wasn't until 84 years after Lord Baden-Powell hosted the first ever Scout camp on Brownsea Island and therefore created the Scouting movement, that girls were given the same amazing opportunities that Scouting has to offer as boys had nation-wide.
Despite this, I do feel very lucky and honored to be a representative 25% of the Scouting movement in the UK on this blog. Although I do wish the percentage of females in Scouting was higher, I'm sure, over the years, this figure will continue to grow and I want to be a part of that.
Over my 8 years in Scouting, I have seen the number of girls in my group steadily grow. When I first started in Cubs in 2007 – which was, coincidentally, the 100th year of Scouting – I was one of two girls in a Cub pack of around 30. A few years later when I moved up to Scouts, there were probably around 5 girls at any one time. Now I am an Explorer scout and am proud to say that my Explorer unit has a healthy, almost equal, balance of girls and boys.
Scouting has been such a life-changing experience for me – I have grown in confidence, for a start, but I have also experienced so many extraordinary things that outside of Scouting I could never have dreamed of participating in and achieving .
For example: I have been white water rafting in the rapids of an Austria river, I have zip-lined over a ravine despite my fear of heights, I have led a group on a 10 mile hike in the middle of the night, map reading as well as completing various challenges along the way, I have learnt valuable skills such as first aid and fire safety, I have attended a national camp with over 7,000 participants from around the UK, I have visited the birthplace of Scouting – Brownsea Island, I have been on more muddy, wet, cold Scout camps than I can count on my fingers yet all these memories make me beam with happiness at as I remember them. I have done so much in Scouting that I never thought I could ever and would ever do, however there is still so much more I could do to ensure other girls and young people get to have opportunities like these and memories to last a lifetime.
That is why I'm blogging about Scouting, to get the word out that 'Scouting is for girls and Scouting is for all'. That's also why I have been a Young Leader at a Cub pack for 2 years now, to show the next generation of young people what Scouting is all about and to inspire more youngsters to join the adventure. As my Explorer leader said to me a few weeks ago – 'people like you are the future of Scouting'. In the next 5, 10, 15 years it is going to be young people like me who already help to run and organise Scouting on a small scale, volunteering our free time despite having to study for exams and complete vast amounts of school work, to help youngsters get everything out of Scouting that I did when I was their age. It is going to be us that are going to be the face of Scouting in the years to come, adding to the already 115,000 strong network of adult volunteers in the UK. It's my way of giving back to Scouting, for saying 'thank you' for everything it has helped me achieve and for making me the person I am today.
However, despite the fact that UK now has 573,000 members in the UK alone, it has been estimated that as much as 50% or more of the British population do not know that girls are welcomed into Scouting, and we need to change this.We need to spread the message that Scouting is for all.
Although in the UK I am able to be a Scout, in other countries around the world girls don't have the same opportunity as I have to take part in Scouting and it's not just girls either – in some other countries, youngsters are prevented from joining Scouting because of not just their gender but their sexuality, their race, their religion…the list goes on. Although I would love to see the day when the proportion of female Scouts in the UK equals or even beats that of males, even more so would I love to see the day that all youngsters around the world have the chance to be involved in such a wonderful movement.
Yes, Scouting in the UK is inclusive, and we are very lucky to have that, but Scouting around the world at the moment isn't entirely inclusive. Not only do we need to spread the message within the UK that Scouting is for girls too, we need to do so in every country around the world. Scouting isn't and shouldn't be a gender specific youth movement in any country and in order to move towards a more equal society, we need to spread this message. Even if you are not or have not been involved in Scouting yourself, even if you don't know anything about Scouting whatsoever, I hope that you will take away from this post that Scouting is for all and understand why it is so important to me and many others that this message is spread across the world so that Scouting isn't known as 'a youth movement for adventurous boys' but 'a youth movement for adventurous young people'.
Apr 14, 2016 May 1, 2016 equality, feminsim, life, scouting, scouts, teens, zerotohero3 Comments
Em is Lost
I'm a young blogger who loves adventure and the great outdoors. I enjoy writing about a range of topics including education, politics, feminism, LGBTQ+ issues and diversity, not to mention my everyday adventures as a young person in the UK. I currently run a French blog alongside my main site, where I practice my French writing skills.
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Theodor Seuss Geisel was born on March 2, 1904, in Springfield, Mass. No one could have guessed then that Theodor would become a world-renowned children's author known simply as Dr. Seuss. Many of his works are impossible to avoid, including Green Eggs and Ham, The Cat in the Hat, as well as How the Grinch Stole Christmas! But what was the first book Dr. Seuss wrote?
Here's a look at some of the numbers behind his illustrious career, as well as an answer to our title question.
The man who would become Dr. Seuss attended Dartmouth College in Hanover, N.H. There, he served as editor in chief of the school's humor magazine — Jack-O-Lantern. But Dr. Seuss chose to have a few drinks with friends in his dorm room, which was a big no-no during Prohibition. And he was kicked out the magazine's staff.
So he started writing under a pseudonym — Seuss.
After Dartmouth, he attended Oxford. He met his future wife, Helen, and they were married in 1927. He was planning to become a college professor. But then he had a change of heart. He wanted to become a cartoonist, and so he moved back to the United States.
His work soon appeared in major publications like LIFE, Vanity Fair and The Saturday Evening Post. It was in a Post article that he again wrote using the name "Seuss." He worked for Standard Oil's advertising department, too, and one of his ads earned national recognition.
He also illustrated a children's book called Boners, which didn't meet with much financial success — but it certainly got him into the children's literature arena. When returning from an ocean voyage to Europe in 1936, Dr. Seuss listened to the churning of the ship's engine and created a poem to match its rhythm.
That poem became what was the first book Dr. Seuss wrote: And to Think I Saw it on Mulberry Street.
The story of And to Think I Saw it on Mulberry Street focused on all that a young man named Marco observes as he walks from his home to school one day. Once the writing and the illustrations were complete, Dr. Seuss began submitting them to publishers.
He was rejected again and again — 27 times in all.
He had decided to give up and burn the manuscript. But then he ran into Mike McClintock, and old college buddy, who had just started as an editor at the publishing house Vanguard Press. Mike introduced Dr. Seuss to two Vanguard executives, and they agreed in 1937 to print 15,000 copies of And to Think I Saw it on Mulberry Street.
Of course, the book sold well enough that it required a second run. Vanguard continued publishing And to Think I Saw it on Mulberry Street until 1988, when the publishing house was purchased by Random.
Dr. Seuss spent time during World War II animating training films and creating propaganda posters as part of Frank Capra's Signal Corps. But, after the war ended, he moved to La Jolla, Calif., where he resumed writing and illustrating books for children.
Sadly, Dr. Seuss's wife Helen committed suicide in 1967. She had struggled with cancer as well as the emotional pain of an affair Dr. Seuss carried on. A year later, Dr. Seuss married Audrey Stone Dimond, the same women with whom he'd had an affair. Dr. Seuss never had any children of his own.
Dr. Seuss continued working until his last days. He died in 1991 at the age of 87 in La Jolla. In addition to the many works published during his lifetime, manuscripts and sketches were found in his office that are being used to continue churning out new works by the famed Dr. Seuss.
See below for a look at some of the numbers behind Dr. Seuss's career, and check out the best Dr. Seuss books that you or your children can try out.
What Dr. Seuss book means the most to you? Let us know in the comments section below, or reach out to us directly through our contact page.


text:
Does fracking boost risk of preterm birth?
October 8th, 2015 Posted by Stephanie Desmon-JHU
While a new study can't pinpoint why pregnant women have worse outcomes near the most active hydrofracking wells, every step of the drilling process has an environmental impact, says Brian S. Schwartz. (Credit: Sean Molin/Flickr)
preterm delivery
Expectant mothers who live near active hydrofracking of natural gas wells are at increased risk for high-risk pregnancies and premature delivery.
The findings shed light on possible adverse health outcomes associated with fracking, or hydraulic fracturing. The drilling technique, which opens up difficult-to-reach gas and oil deposits, has been booming in areas of the United States over the past decade.
Health officials and many residents have been concerned about the effect of the drilling on air and water quality and about stress on residents. Just development of a drill site can require 1,000 truck trips on once-quiet roads. In Pennsylvania in 2006, there were fewer than 100 unconventional gas wells; now there are more than 8,000.
"The growth in the fracking industry has gotten way out ahead of our ability to assess what the environmental and, just as importantly, public health impacts are," says Brian S. Schwartz, professor of environmental health sciences at Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health.
[Some hospital stays go up where there's fracking]
"More than 8,000 unconventional gas wells have been drilled in Pennsylvania alone, and we're allowing this while knowing almost nothing about what it can do to health."
For a new study published in the journal Epidemiology, researchers analyzed data from Geisinger Health System, which covers 40 counties in north and central Pennsylvania. They studied the records of 9,384 mothers who gave birth to 10,946 babies between January 2009 and January 2013 and quantified how close fracking activity was to the mothers' homes and the stage of drilling, depth of wells, and volume of gas produced during the pregnancies.
"We're allowing this while knowing almost nothing about what it can do to health."
Living with the most active quartile of drilling and production activity is associated with a 40 percent increase in the likelihood of a woman delivering pre-term, before 37 weeks of gestation. They also found a 30 percent increase in the chance that an obstetrician had labeled a pregnancy "high-risk," reflecting factors such as elevated blood pressure or excessive weight gain.
The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says that preterm-related causes of death together accounted for 35 percent of all infant deaths in 2010, more than any other single cause. Being born prematurely is also a leading cause of long-term neurological disabilities in children. Preterm birth cost the US health care system more than $26 billion in 2005, they say.
[5 common worries when fracking comes to town]
While the study can't pinpoint why pregnant women had worse outcomes near the most active wells, every step of the drilling process has an environmental impact. Diesel equipment is used to clear acres of land and transport equipment. Drilling down thousands of feet and then horizontally requires heavy equipment. Fracking then involves injecting millions of liters of water mixed with chemicals and sand to fracture the shale where the gas sits. The fluid is pumped back to the surface. The gas itself also releases pollutants.
"Now that we know this is happening, we'd like to figure out why," Schwartz says. "Is it air quality? Is it the stress? They're the two leading candidates in our minds at this point."
Energy companies moved to fracking when natural gas prices were high and supplies were low. While New York has banned fracking and there is a moratorium in Maryland, Pennsylvania has embraced the industry.
At the peak in 2011, Pennsylvania dug 1,900 wells and gas was $12.11 per thousand cubic feet. And while production is down as prices have plummeted—the state is on track for fewer than 500 new wells in 2015 with the price at $3.69 in July—Schwartz predicts the economy will again shift and fracking will be back in favor.
Policymakers must understand there may be real risks as they make decisions on future wells, Schwartz says. While research is still in its infancy, everything that has come out so far should give decision makers cause for concern.
"The first few studies have all shown health impacts. Policymakers need to consider findings like these in thinking about how they allow this industry to go forward."
The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, and the National Science Foundation funded the work.
Source: Johns Hopkins University
Original Study DOI: 10.1097/EDE.0000000000000387
Major cuts in CO2 emissions are still possible
1 opioid-use disorder med may be safest during pregnancy
Why are pregnant women in Nepal gaining more weight?


text:
Student-run café opens in Kirkintilloch
A newly opened student-run café has opened in Kirkintilloch Town Centre thanks to the generosity of the John Mather Trust.
Mather's Café, situated in the Kirkintilloch Campus, has opened to staff, students and the community of Kirkintilloch after a state-of-the-art training kitchen was installed with funding donated by the John Mather Trust, which was set up to benefit young people in the West of Scotland and help them into careers.
The café is run by students from the College's Faculty of Supported Learning to offer a catering service within the campus while developing the students' hospitality and employability skills for the future.
With a strong track record in hospitality, the Faculty made the decision to open the café to give practical experience to students on the Employability in Action course, who have trained hard in areas of food preparation, health and safety, and customer service. With many different learning disabilities from ADHD to Autism, the café aims to give students the confidence and necessary skills to find a career and become independent for the future.
David McShane, Head of Faculty for Supported Learning, said:
"We are thrilled to have opened Mather's Café to the students, staff and community of Kirkintilloch.
"The café was an opportunity which came about as a direct result of strong partnership working. We are indebted to the generosity and understanding of the John Mather Trust who have being strong supporters of the Faculty of Supported Learning for several years. The support of the Trust was crucial in allowing Additional Support Needs students to access a vocational opportunity whilst achieving accreditation for their learning.
"Students within the Faculty have often excelled within the area of hospitality, so to give them a further opportunity to develop their skills in the area while providing students in the Kirkintilloch Campus a much needed catering service, a new course was designed by Vivienne Pollock, Curriculum Quality Leader and Jacqueline Harper, Lecturer, which would encompass employability skills within a Hospitality environment.
"We are proud of all our learners who are working hard within the course whilst at the same time providing a vibrant and busy café which serves the needs of a great many people within the community."
The café will be open Monday-Thursday 10:30-13:30 for lunch serving freshly made soup, sandwiches, paninis and salads. A main course will also be available each day including bolognese, macaroni cheese and chicken korma, all made on the premises.
On Fridays the café will be open from 10:00-11:30 for full Scottish breakfast.
All food is made from fresh produce. Salt and oil are only used when required in the preparation of food.


text:
Biochemistry Schools
Biochemistry Schools in Massachusetts
Biochemistry Schools in Springfield, MA
Springfield has a general population of 152,082 and an overall student population of 20,020. Approximately 3,414 of Springfield's students are enrolled in schools that offer biochemistry programs.
American International College is the largest biochemistry school in Springfield, based on student population. In 2010, American International College graduated approximately 3 students with credentials in biochemistry.
In 2010, 3 students graduated with a biochemistry degree in Springfield. If you decide to join their ranks, you can expect to pay an average of $25,550 per year in tuition costs.
You should also anticipate spending about $1,000 for biochemistry related books and supplies every year. And if you live on campus at one of the Springfield-based biochemistry schools, you will have an added expense of $10,600 per year, on average, for room and board. Students who live at home can cut this cost down to approximately $29,646.
Biochemistry Salaries and Career Outlook in Springfield
If you plan on staying in Springfield after graduating from biochemistry school, you should know that job prospects for biochemists in Springfield, which is the most popular biochemistry profession, are good. Springfield's biochemist workforce is projected to increase by 50% by the year 2018. This projected change is faster than the projected nationwide trend for biochemists.
Biochemistry Degree in Springfield
Associates Degree in Biochemistry
Bachelors Degree in Biochemistry
Biochemistry Classes
Biochemistry Courses
Biochemistry Training
Biochemistry schools in Willimantic, Connecticut
Biochemistry schools in Storrs Mansfield, Connecticut
Biochemistry schools in Middletown, Connecticut
Biochemistry schools in Worcester, Massachusetts
Biochemistry schools in Northampton, Massachusetts
Biochemistry schools in New Britain, Connecticut
Biochemistry schools in Amherst, Massachusetts
Biochemistry schools in Hartford, Connecticut
Biochemistry schools in W Hartford, Connecticut
Biochemistry schools in South Hadley, Massachusetts
Biochemistry schools in Marlboro, Vermont
Chemistry Schools in Springfield
Biology Schools in Springfield
Biomedical Engineering Schools in Springfield
Biochemistry Schools in Springfield, Massachusetts
Online Western Governors UniversityMore Info
1 American International College
1000 State Street, Springfield, Massachusetts 01109
Post-master's certificate


text:
CJTF-HOA Reinforces Commitment to Djibouti's Rapid Intervention Battalion
By Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Timothy M. Ahearn
CJTF-HOA, July 3, 2018
CJTF-HOA Reinforces Commitment to Djibouti's Rapid Intervention Battalion Members of the Djiboutian Army's Rapid Intervention Battalion (RIB) perform a traditional Afar dance during a celebration for new RIB graduates at a training site outside Djibouti City, June 28, 2018. The RIB is a U.S. Army trained unit that was formed to respond to crises and promote regional security and stability in East Africa. (U.S. Navy Photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Timothy M. Ahearn)
CJTF-HOA Reinforces Commitment to Djibouti's Rapid Intervention Battalion Members of the Djiboutian Army's Rapid Intervention Battalion (RIB) perform a traditional Somali dance during a celebration for new RIB graduates at a training site outside Djibouti City, June 28, 2018. The RIB is a U.S. Army trained unit that was formed to respond to crises and promote regional security and stability in East Africa. (U.S. Navy Photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Timothy M. Ahearn)
CJTF-HOA Reinforces Commitment to Djibouti's Rapid Intervention Battalion A non-commissioned officer with the Djiboutian Army's Rapid Intervention Battalion (RIB) instructs a new recruit at a training site outside Djibouti City, July 3, 2018. The RIB is a U.S. Army trained unit that was formed to respond to crises and promote regional security and stability in East Africa. (U.S. Navy Photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Timothy M. Ahearn)
CJTF-HOA Reinforces Commitment to Djibouti's Rapid Intervention Battalion U.S. Army Spc. Travis Flynn, Alpha Company, 1st Battalion, 32nd Infantry Regiment, 1st Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division, celebrates with members of the Djiboutian Army's Rapid Intervention Battalion (RIB) following a celebration for new RIB graduates at a training site outside Djibouti City, June 28, 2018. The RIB is a U.S. Army trained unit that was formed to respond to crises and promote regional security and stability in East Africa. (U.S. Navy Photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Timothy M. Ahearn)
CJTF-HOA Reinforces Commitment to Djibouti's Rapid Intervention Battalion A non-commissioned officer with the Djiboutian Army's Rapid Intervention Battalion (RIB) and U.S. Army Sergeant Daniel Martinez, Bravo Co., 1st Battalion, 141st Infantry Regiment, Texas National Guard, instruct new recruits at a training site outside Djibouti City, July 3, 2018. The RIB is a U.S. Army trained unit that was formed to respond to crises and promote regional security and stability in East Africa. (U.S. Navy Photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Timothy M. Ahearn)
CJTF-HOA Reinforces Commitment to Djibouti's Rapid Intervention Battalion Members of the Djiboutian Army's Rapid Intervention Battalion (RIB) and Combined Joint Task Force-Horn of Africa attend a celebration for new RIB graduates at a training site outside Djibouti City, June 28, 2018. The RIB is a U.S. Army trained unit that was formed to respond to crises and promote regional security and stability in East Africa. (U.S. Navy Photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Timothy M. Ahearn)
CJTF-HOA Reinforces Commitment to Djibouti's Rapid Intervention Battalion Non-commissioned officers with the Djiboutian Army's Rapid Intervention Battalion (RIB) instruct new recruits at a training site outside Djibouti City, July 3, 2018. The RIB is a U.S. Army trained unit that was formed to respond to crises and promote regional security and stability in East Africa. (U.S. Navy Photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Timothy M. Ahearn)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 hide caption
DJIBOUTI— One-hundred twelve Djiboutian soldiers joined the ranks of the Djiboutian Army's Rapid Intervention Battalion (RIB) following a graduation ceremony, June 28.
During the ceremony, top performing soldiers were recognized, traditional Afar and Somali dances were performed, and Combined Joint Task Force-Horn of Africa (CJTF-HOA) and RIB leaders spoke to the men. U.S. Navy Cmdr. Robert Yovich, CJTF-HOA Director of Future Operations, congratulated the graduates during his remarks.
"This training and collaborative effort only make our bonds stronger; I appreciate your hard work and dedication and I applaud you for this accomplishment." said Yovich.
Soldiers from Alpha Company, 1st Battalion, 32nd Infantry Regiment, 1st Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division assigned to CJTF-HOA provided training in U.S. Army basic warrior tasks, U.S. Army combatives, and combat life-saving. Army Staff Sgt. Travis Fort spoke to the RIB soldiers he trained following their culminating exercise.
"Where you are now, are leaps and bounds from where you began." said Fort, "I encourage you to train on your own and I am proud of every one of you."
CJTF-HOA's continued commitment to training and equipping the RIB enables Djibouti's effectiveness in developing security and stability within its' borders and East Africa, according to Marine Corps Capt. Aaron Baker, CJTF-HOA Officer in Charge of RIB Operations.
"The development of the Rapid Intervention Battalion (RIB) holds significant strategic value in the long lasting partnership between the U.S. forces and the Djiboutian military." said Baker.
Set apart from the first training cycle of the RIB, this group included previous graduates instructing alongside U.S. Soldiers.
"The RIB Soldiers are extremely motivated to learn U.S. tactics and techniques." said Baker, "I have witnessed their Non-Commissioned Officers blossom since the initiation of the RIB and take on additional teaching and instructional procedures."
The RIB's mission is to serve as a reactionary force to accomplish specified tasks directed by their higher command in the Djiboutian army. Djiboutian Army Cpt. Omar Ali Hassan, Commanding Officer of the RIB, spoke of his men's enhanced understanding of that mission.
"The battalion has a better idea of why they are here and through that are more cohesive." said Hassan, "They are very motivated and looking forward to the rest of their training."
CJTF-HOA works to facilitate U.S. Africa Command's programs and activities to support the development of capable, professional partner nation military forces to include Africa Peacekeeping Rapid Response Partnership, a Presidentially-supported initiative to develop the rapid response capabilities of selected African partners and provide the training and equipping for rapid response development, engineering, medical, and command and control.
Djibouti Training U.S. AFRICOM Partnership East Africa CJTF-HOA Security Security Security Africa Army military HOA CJTF battalion mission Djiboutian operations RIB Stability RIB
CJTF-HOA's continued commitment to training and equipping the RIB enables Djibouti's effectiveness in developing security and stability within its' borders and East Africa.
U.S. Marines strengthen Djiboutian Army by leading joint bilateral academy course in Africa
The U.S. Marine Corps is arguably one of the most revered institutions within the U.S. Department of Defense. So, when Combined Task Force – Horn of Africa (CJTF-HOA) leadership recently welcomed members of the Djibouti Armed Forces (FAD) into the U.S. Marine Corps Corporals Course, it was a distinct honor.
U.S., Japanese, French, Italian militaries partner for first multilateral NEO exercise in Africa
Initiated by the Japanese military, Combined Joint Task Force-Horn of Africa (CJTF-HOA) supported a joint-nation noncombatant evacuation operation (NEO) exercise and training here, Sept. 29.
EARF Soldiers conduct demolition training
U.S. Army Soldiers from Bravo Company, 3rd Battalion, 15th Infantry Regiment, completed demolition training and learned how to use explosives to breach through buildings, Aug. 30, 2016 at Arta, Djibouti.
CJTF-HOA civil affairs veterinarians assist in diminishing animal disease, overpopulation in Djibouti
The Combined Joint Task Force – Horn of Africa's 443rd Civil Affairs Battalion (CAB) Functional Specialty Group (FXSP) veterinarians spayed, dewormed and immunized the cats of Caritas Djibouti here, Aug 30.


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