Welcome to Belize Caribbean Tours. An inbound tour operation offering tours for overnight and Cruise Ship passengers. Belize Caribbean tours are located at the Fort Street Tourism Village, Inside terminal 4, booth #1.
At Belize Caribbean tours we offer Private, Safe, Professional & Reliable tour excursions daily.
Let us take you to our mysterious Belize Crystal Cave Systems and Mayan ruins where the world largest jade head was found, and Nohoc Che'em Park where you will enjoy cave tubing and zip lining above the rainforest canopy. We also offer our beautiful city and country tour which includes a tour of the Rum factory & old Belize Museum or visit the Belize Zoo where you can see a vast collection of Belize's amazing wildlife.
If you love the outdoors and wildlife then hop into our River Boat tour of the Belize River where you will discover wildlife and nature at its finest!
So come and let us discover Mother Nature's best-kept secrets together here at BELIZE CARIBBEAN TOURS Where the Fun Begins!!!
The Belize Zoo and Tropical Education Center is a zoo in Belize, located some 29 miles (47 km) west of Belize City on the Western Highway. Set in 29 acres (12 ha), the zoo was founded ... morein 1983 by Sharon Matola. It is home to more than 125 animals of about 48 species, all native to Belize. The natural environment of Belize is left entirely intact within the zoo. The dense, natural vegetation is separated only by gravel trails through the forest. The Belize Zoo and Tropical Education Center received almost 15,000 school children every year.
The Belize Zoo focuses on educating visitors about the wildlife of Belize by encountering the animals in their natural habitat. The aim is to instill appreciation and pride, and a desire to protect and conserve Belize's natural resources. The Zoo was the recipient of Belize Tourism Board's 9th National Tourism Award, "Educational Award of the Year" in 2009.
Lamanai Tour - "Submerged Crocodile"
Enjoy a chance of spotting crocodiles, iguanas, bats and many water birds on the one hour boat ride up the new river tour to the site. Your Visit includes 3 open plazas, a stela ball ... morecourt, a host of birds and Black Howler.
Lamanai (from Lama'anayin, "submerged crocodile" in Yucatec Maya) is a Mesoamerican archaeological site and was once a considerably sized city of the Maya civilization, located in the north of Belize, in Orange Walk District. The site's name is pre-Columbian, recorded by early Spanish missionaries, and documented over a millennium earlier in Maya inscriptions as Lam'an'ain.
Lamanai was occupied as early as the 16th century BC. The site became a prominent center in the Pre-Classic Period, from the 4th century BC through the 1st century CE. In 625 CE, "Stele 9" was erected there in the Yucatec language of the Maya. Lamanai continued to be occupied up to the 17th century AD. During the Spanish conquest of Yucatán, Spanish friars established two Roman Catholic churches here, but a Maya revolt drove the Spanish out. The site was subsequently incorporated by the British in British Honduras, passing with that colony's independence to Belize.
The vast majority of the site remained unexcavated until the mid-1970s. Archaeological work has concentrated on the investigation and restoration of the larger structures, most notably the Mask Temple, Structure N10-9 ("Temple of the Jaguar Masks") and High Temple. The summit of this latter structure affords a view across the surrounding jungle to a nearby lagoon, part of New River.
A significant portion of the Temple of the Jaguar Masks remains under the grassy earth or is covered in dense jungle growth. Unexcavated, it would be significantly taller than the High Temple.
One hour's easy drive west from Belize City brings us to the Sibun Caves Branch cave tubing site. The amenities include modern bathrooms, secure parking, excellent jungle restaurant, ... moreand a handicraft shops. Pick up your tube, life vest and caving light then a leisurely jungle trail walks through two dry cave systems a beautiful primary broadleaf rainforest to the entrance of the cave system one of the most popular tours in Belize.
Caves Branch Cave is one of several subterranean sites that were carved out of the limestone foothills of the Maya Mountains by the very active Caves Branch River. The site provides us with an excellent example of the erosive power of water, and the natural wonders of Belize. Geological research informs us that the cave took several hundred thousand years to form. Archaeological investigations note that the ancient Maya visited the site to conduct important rituals. Today's modern visitor enjoys a unique opportunity to observe the awesome geological features of the site and to ponder the nature of prehistoric human utilization.
Archaeological investigations in Caves Branch Cave indicate that the ancient Maya utilized the site for several hundred years. Between 300 and 900 A.D., they made regular pilgrimages to the site in an effort to petition their gods to nourish their fields, to provide bountiful crops.
Xunantunich Tour - "Stone Woman"
Your destination Xunantunich lays some 70 miles on paved highway takes 1hour and 45min. to reach the site, east of Belize City, among the northern foothills of the Maya Mountain Range. ... moreAlong the way, one gets to enjoy a detailed history of our country and the Maya Civilization while passing through the many villages along the Western Highway. This journey takes us to the twin towns of Santa Elena and San Ignacio, then onto the village of San Jose Succots where we will be crossing a river on a hand-cranked ferry.
Xunantunich's name means "Stone Woman" in the Maya language (Mopan and Yucatec combination name), and, like many names given to Maya archaeological sites, is a modern name; the ancient name is currently unknown. The "Stone Woman" refers to the ghost of a woman claimed by several people to inhabit the site, beginning in 1892. She is dressed completely in white and has fire-red glowing eyes. She generally appears in front of "El Castillo", ascends the stone stairs, and disappears into a stone wall.
Enjoy the unique geological features found within 575 acres of forest rich with wildlife. The main attractions in this park, St. Herman's Cave and the Blue Hole, are connected ... moreby an underground stream. Visitors can walk 300 yards into the cave entrance unguided or can tour hire a guide to traverse the cave completely, seeing beautiful speleothems and Maya artifacts. After a guided tour through St. Herman's Cave you can float peacefully back to the entrance of the cave on an inner tube.
Cahal Pech is a Maya site located near the Town of San Ignacio in the Cayo District of Belize. The site was a palatial, hilltop home for an elite Maya family, and though most major ... moreconstruction dates to the Classic period, evidence of continuous habitation has been dated to as far back as far as 1200 BCE during the Early Middle Formative period (Early Middle Preclassic), making Cahal Pech one of the oldest recognizably Maya sites in Western Belize.
The tiny riverside community of Bermudan Landing is situated approximately six miles north of Burrell Boom Village. Once only accessible by hand operated ferry, two sturdy iron bridges ... morenow extend over the deep river valley providing a picturesque view of the lush vegetation and emerald waters below. The area is rapidly becoming a popular tourist destination as the home of the famous Community Baboon Sanctuary, one of the few conservation facilities in the region for the black howler monkey.
The tour begins with your pick up at 8:15 AM (or requested time). It takes one hour to arrive at the destination 31 miles north of Belize City near a village called Rock Stone Pond; ... morefrom here it is a short hike to Altun Ha. The tour includes a detailed history of our country and the Maya Civilization. A complete tour of the site is completed in one and a half hours.


1) Medieval Shoes- A manual for the construction of a pair of 14th century shoes, in our private collection. This manual teaches lasted shoe construction.
2) Boots-- A manual for the construction of a pair of 15th century boots with instruction to adapt to patterns to any other period. This manual teaches lasted boot construction.
3) Simple Medieval Turn Shoes-- A manual designed to provide the reader with simple instructions to make simple cloth or leather shoes. This manual teaches unlasted shoe construction and requires almost no specialized tools.
4) Viking Boots-- A manual for the construction of a pair of Viking ankle boots. This manual teaches lasted boot construction.
5) Viking, Celtic & Anglo-Danish Supplement-- Six patterns to be used with the manuals above.
6) 12th Century Supplement-- Six patterns to be used with the manuals above.
7) 13th Century Supplement-- Six patterns to be used with the manuals above.
8) 14th Century Supplement-- Five patterns to be used with the manuals above.
9) 15th Century Supplement-- Six patterns to be used with the manuals above.
10) 16th Century Supplement-- Five patterns to be used with the manuals above.
11) Tips, Techniques, Tools, Sources & Resources for the Shoemaker-- A group of useful tidbits designed to improve your shoemaking ability.


Orthopaedic Associates comprises one of the largest groups of leading orthopaedic specialists in Australia. We are based a state of the art facility, with on site day surgery theatres, high tech operating theatres for complicated procedures, inpatient care, inpatient rehabilitation, outpatient rehabilitation and physiotherapy and hydrotherapy.
We treat general orthopaedic, trauma & sports medicine conditions using the latest technology and treatment options.
Treatment of sports injuries to the hip, knee, shoulder & elbow, and foot & ankle.
Our purpose is to provide care for your orthopaedic condition from presentation to full rehabilitation in the one location, by leading specialists with sub-specialty interest in your condition.


text:
A front wheel failure after a blow keeps David Martín out of the fight for the sprint in the streets of Zamora
40º Trofeo Ayuntamiento de Zamora
17 de julio: Zamora – Zamora (82 km)
A crash in the last kilometre in which a blow broke several spokes of David Martín's front wheel prevented the Sevillian from getting involved in the sprint which resolved the 2021 edition of the Trofeo Ayuntamiento de Zamora, once again frenetic thanks to its moderate mileage and not lacking in spice.The winner was the Cantabrian Miguel Ángel Fernández (Rias Baixas). The Zamora race, with its explosive and fast route, fulfilled the forecasts, with a breakaway and a lot of interest among the various formations to reach the streets of Zamora grouped together with a view to a volata.
The passage through the most rugged area of the route, with Villalcampo and Muelas del Pan as major orographic attractions, split the peloton in two and, ahead, also selected the breakaway of the day. A breakaway of the day in which the Asturian Yago Segovia fought hard for a place. The quartet, initially a trio that formed within the first twelve kilometres, was finally broken up when José María García (Valverde Team) from Mula, from Murcia, took the lead alone. Ten seconds, such was his advantage, anticipated a more or less imminent regrouping that occurred with less than fifteen kilometres to go.
Vicente Hernaiz was to start a movement that took place on the ascent to La Barrosa, five riders in total with minimal differences. With four kilometres to go, the definitive regrouping took place, only altered by the fall that occurred in the last kilometre and which caused a small selection at the time of the sprint. "We have to congratulate the whole team because, beyond the final result, which is obviously not what we were looking for due to the circumstances, they have done an excellent job throughout the day", concludes Félix García Casas, sports manager of the Foundation's teams and director of this Saturday's race.
[📷 Fabio López / Vuelta Ciclista a Zamora]
Related riders
David Martín

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Why my Pageable API is not working with Spring MVC? Im implementing an API that is working correctly, but when i use pagitation this is returning nothing.
I have the next code for my repository:
public interface VinetaRepository extends JpaRepository<Vineta, Long> {
List<Vineta> findAllByOrderByCreationdateDesc();
List<Vineta> findByTitulo(String titulo);}

and, when i used the next RequestMapping everthings is ok:
@JsonView(VinetaView.class)
@RequestMapping("/api/vinetas2/")
public List<Vineta> getvinetas2(){
    return this.vinetarepository.findAll();
}

but, when i use the pagination, my api is returnin anything:
@JsonView(VinetaView.class)
@RequestMapping(value = "/api/vinetaspage/", method= RequestMethod.GET)
public Page<Vineta> getvinetaspage(Pageable page ){
    //This System.out print all the size of my repository
    System.out.println(this.vinetarepository.findAll().size());
    //This for print the title for my 20 first objects Vineta
    for(Vineta v:this.vinetarepository.findAll(page)){
        System.out.println(v.getTitulo());
    }
    // This print 20
    System.out.println(this.vinetarepository.findAll(page).getSize());
    //This print the page number = 0
    System.out.println(page.getPageNumber());
    //This print the page size = 20
    System.out.println(page.getPageSize());

    //Finally, this is not returning nothing
    return vinetarepository.findAll(page);
}

With the System out, i can see that the size of my query is correct (20), but nothing is returning.
Both function are using the same Jsonview, so this problem is discarded.

A: An adapter class (like PageWrapper) would be needed to wrap the Spring Data Page interface as the page interface may lack of features.
public class PageWrapper {
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


As nominations are now being sought for the 2019/20 year ahead, Elizabeth has sadly advised that this will be her final year of organising trips for us. She has booked tours right up to the end of the year but no further. Please consider taking on this role, as otherwise the club will fold. An organiser is vital to the smooth operation of the club. Elizabeth leaves very big shoes to fill, but will help and support the next person to take the role. She has done an excellent job throughout the years and we thank her for everything that she has done for us.
All positions on the committee will be declared vacant at the AGM on 5 June. If you are interested in being part of the committee for 2019/2020, a Nomination form may be collected from Jenny Scally at the April and May meetings. It is also available on this website under "Forms". The completed form must be received by Jenny no later than the 1 May meeting please.
OUR MID-WEEK YULEFEST TRIP TO BATHURST ON 18-19 JULY IS NOW FULL. IF YOU WOULD LIKE TO PUT YOUR NAME ON THE WAITING LIST, PLEASE CONTACT JUDY ON 9534 7330 OR SEND AN EMAIL TO JENNY AT pentravelclub@gmail.com.
TUES 9 - SUN 14 APRIL: 6 Days in the A.C.T.
Visiting: Lerida Estate Winery; Australian War Memorial; Mt Ainslie; Questacon - the National Science & Technology Centre; Gold Creek Village & Cockington Green; one-hour cruise on Lake Burley-Griffin; the Embassy Drive; Deep Space Communications Complex; Arboretum and National Bonsai & Penjing Collection; Cotter Dam; Bungendore; National Gallery of Australia (National Carillon); Canberra Glassworks; Lanyon Homestead; Visitors Information Centre; National Capital Exhibition; Royal Australian Mint; Old Bus Depot Markets. Five night's accommodation at the Golden Age Motor Inn, Queanbeyan, with five buffet dinners, five cooked breakfasts, five lunches and one morning tea provided on the way to Canberra. There is one lunch at own cost. Itinerary now available on this website. See under Tour Information/Itineraries. $920 pp/ts and single supp is $350 extra. $100 deposit is required. CLOSED.
THUR 16 MAY: Historic Parramatta. Cost $60 departing at 8 am. This is a step-on guided Heritage Safari Coach tour, which will drive through Parramatta with on-board commentary, with stops at the Female Factory and Lake Parramatta. We will commence with a visit to the Heritage and Visitor Information Centre and then on to Lake Parramatta for morning tea. Then drive past Elizabeth Farm, Hambledon Cottage and Experiment Farm Cottage on the way to the Female Factory where we will hop off the bus for a short walk (approx. 20 mins), then drive on past Parramatta Gaol. From there, we pass the Philip Ruddock Heritage Centre, the tour taking approx. 2½ - 3 hours.
A three-course lunch will be held at the Parramatta Leagues Club and afterwards we will visit the Female Orphan School at the Whitlam Institute Western Sydney University.
NOW BOOKING AND CLOSING 1 MAY.
WED 22 MAY: "Saturday Night Fever", 1 pm in the Lyric Theatre, Stalls $70.
30 SEATS ONLY. NOW CLOSED.
THUR 6 JUNE: "Nutcote", departing at 8.30 am. $62 (if paying by cash, please bring the correct amount of money as change will be limited). Morning tea will be at Sir Joseph Banks Park, Botany before heading to Nutcote - the beautiful harbourside home/museum of May Gibbs (1877 to 1969), Australia's foremost children's author and illustrator and best known today for her iconic story The Complete Adventures of Snugglepot and Cuddlepie. Located in Neutral Bay and surrounded by delightful gardens, Nutcote is an enchanting venue to be enjoyed by everyone, all year round. The house was designed by renowned architect B.J. Waterhouse. Take a guided tour around the house museum and enjoy the tranquil gardens on the shore of Neutral Bay. Lunch will be at the Kirribilli Club. Max of 40 members.
OPENING AT THE 3 APRIL MEETING AND CLOSING MONDAY 21 MAY.
THUR 13 - SUN 23 JUNE: 11 days including 9-day Gulf Savannah Accommodated Tour with OzTours, the same company that showed us around Cape York. (The 2018 itinerary is on their website, but a rough copy has been uploaded to this website under Tour Information/Itineraries.) We will fly to Cairns and overnight at the Cairns Plaza Hotel (incl. breakfast) before joining the tour on 14 June. Upon our return to Cairns (22/6), we will stay at the same hotel for one night (incl. breakfast) before our return flight to Sydney. The cost of the tour, hotel and Cairns transfers is: $3,685 per person/twin share. DUE TO A CANCELLATION, THERE IS CURRENTLY ONE SINGLE AVAILABLE ($4,165). Airfares are extra.
Deposit is $570 and is non-refundable.
CLOSED AND FINAL PAYMENT 3 APRIL.
WED 10 JULY: "Muriel's Wedding", Lyric Theatre in the Stalls, $90. 1 PM.
This show was on for a short time in early 2018 and very successful, so producers are bringing it back!
FULL & CLOSED. TICKETS NOW AVAILABLE FOR COLLECTION!
THUR 18 & FRI 19 JULY: Mid-week Yulefest, Bathurst. Departing at 8.00 am. Cost will be $300, $55 singles with a non-refundable $50 deposit. Itinerary is complete and is now on this website. The three-course Christmas dinner is at Abercrombie House and one night's accommodation will be at the Bathurst Heritage Motor Inn.
FINAL PAYMENT 5 JUNE. FULL.
THUR 22 AUGUST: Auburn Botanical Gardens. OPENS 5 JUNE. Further information to follow shortly.
WED 11 SEPTEMBER: "Chicago", 1 pm at the Capitol Theatre, $70 in the Dress Circle. 30 seats only. OPENING 3 APRIL AND CLOSING 5 JUNE.
WED 2 OCTOBER: Elizabeth has booked 30 A Stalls seats for "West Side Story", Sydney Opera House, matinee on Wednesday 2 October 2019. This is the only matinee available. $100 (saving around $30). They are all in one block, but split into small groups and towards the side, but still good seats.
Adult (no concession) $2,425 pp Could be cheaper if tour date is set as Shoulder. This won't be known until April.
NOW BOOKING. (If applicable) please bring any Senior/Pensioner card details with you to the meeting as these must be noted on the two booking forms.
SAT 2 NOVEMBER: Rhododendron Festival, Blackheath. Departing 7.45am. We will have morning tea, Devonshire Tea, at the Campbell Rhododendron Gardens and take a stroll around the gardens. Then back to the town centre. Lunch at own cost. $40. OPENS 7 AUGUST AND CLOSES 2 OCTOBER.
WED 27 NOVEMBER: "School of Rock", 1 pm at the Capitol Theatre, Stalls $70. 30 SEATS ONLY.
NOW BOOKING AND CLOSING 4 SEPTEMBER.


text:
Red Sox get busy
By Brian Smiley
More from By Brian Smiley
Wayne Forman says he is feeling good a month into his rookie season as Brantford Red Sox field manager.
"I'm enjoying it," he said on Wednesday as his team prepares for its busiest stretch of the Intercounty Baseball League season.
"The baseball part of it is second nature to me," said the former catcher.
"It's the other things I'm learning along the way, like making sure we have all the equipment at the game and making sure guys have all the right jerseys — more the administrative stuff.
"But in game, I'm comfortable. My coaching staff – Jamie Rose, Dan Mendham and Tony Patzalek – is amazing."
In a sign of things to come, Brantford's season opener in Guelph was postponed and, since that time, the Red Sox have played just five games, going 1-4. That's the fewest of any of the eight IBL teams.
But things are about to change.
Starting with a home game at 8 p.m. Friday at Arnold Anderson Stadium against the Kitchener Panthers, the Red Sox will play 11 times over 15 days and with six of those games at the Arnie.
Forman said he hopes the team can get in gear.
"The offence has kind of struggled a little bit out of the gate, which is not anything that's worrisome at all," said the manager, who has seen veteran Ricky Murray and newcomer David Mendham lead the way at the plate so far.
"It's difficult for hitters to get into a bit of a groove when you're not getting many at bats. Some of our guys are now approaching 20-25 at bats, so you'll see some hits coming."
Currently, Brantford ranks fifth in team batting (.238). And, on the pitching side of things, the team's ERA (5.23) also places it fifth.
After starter Matt Martinow went down with a broken finger on his non-pitching hand in the second game of the season, the rest of the staff picked up the slack, said Forman.
"We've had great starts by Graham Tebbit, Euclides (Leyer) and Jose (Bautista), who had an amazing start on Sunday against Barrie," he said.
"We have four solid starters and those three starters have picked it up for us with the loss of Martinow.
"Our pen has been a little bit overworked early but they've done a decent job."
Forman admitted that Stefan Strecker has struggled but he's confident that his closer's track record suggest things should turn around. The Sox have also received a boost from Tyler Gillies, a University of British Columbiaproduct who has previously played in the Can-Am League.
Forman is looking forward to the upcoming schedule.
"It'll be great to get us in a groove," he said. "When you play that many games back-to-back-to-back, hitters can find some consistency and pitchers can find some consistency.
"Baseball is a game of repetition."
As for the league, Forman said he is impressed with Hamilton's improvement and noted that he thinks Burlington is better than its 1-8 record.
"I think there's a lot more parity in the league this year," he said. "Everyone has seemed to use their import cards and brought in really strong players."
Forman said he hopes that, with good pitching, strong defence and timely hitting, the Red Sox can be in the mix for their first championship since 2013.
"I'm confident we can take a good run at a championship," he said.
"There are pieces that need to be added to it along the way and (owner) Rick Pomerleau has done a great job. When we have a need, he's on it right away.
"I think he's learned that from last season that we need to act now to put ourselves in a position to make a run at a championship."
AROUND THE HORN . . . Forman is fan of the team's early-season Sunday afternoon games, a change from previous years that will end this week when London is at Arnold Anderson Stadium for a 2 p.m. game. "Switching to Sunday afternoons has been really a good move," said Forman. "Last Sunday was rainy but the two Sundays before that, we had lots of fans out. People have a lot to do on Sunday afternoons so for people to come to the ballpark, that's amazing support."
Brantford Expositor 2018 ©
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text:
Lipid consumption in ixodes ricinus (acari : ixodidae): temperature and potential longevity
van Es, R.P. and Hillerton, J.E. and Gettinby, G. (1998) Lipid consumption in ixodes ricinus (acari : ixodidae): temperature and potential longevity. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 88 (5). pp. 567-573.
Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300026092
The effect of temperature on the rate of consumption of the lipid reserves in Ixodes ricinus Linnaeus was characterized in constant temperature experiments. There was a consistent linear relationship between temperature and lipid consumption in nymphs and adult females and males between 5 and 37°C. Nymphs and adults were able to withstand extended periods of exposure to temperatures within the range of 2-37°C, although at 2°C there was evidence of thermal stress. The variance about the median rate of lipid consumption was found to increase with increasing rate of lipid consumption. Predictions of longevity were made using the rates of lipid consumption for the three stages studied, which ranged from 16 weeks to more than two years depending on temperature and stage. The predictions were consistent with reported survival times for I. ricinus and followed patterns reported for other ixodid ticks.
van Es, R.P., Hillerton, J.E. and Gettinby, G.
lipid consumption, ixodes ricinus, acari, ixodidae, temperature, longevity, Physics, Insect Science, Agronomy and Crop Science
Science > Physics
Faculty of Science > Mathematics and Statistics
Strathprints Administrator


ASA Monitor 03 2015, Vol.79, 8-9.
Physician anesthesiologists today are emerging with the building blocks that continue to create safer care for the patients they serve, along with raising the standards in the profession for a confident future. It is vital that ASA understand the systems by which our members operate so we can develop the capacities and improve the skills our residents need to help maintain the future of anesthesiology. At the same time, it is vital we meet the needs of experienced practitioners who are functioning at various levels of the spectrum in their career.
Continuing professional development is one of the primary frameworks for achieving these goals, and for encouraging physician anesthesiologists to take responsibility for improving their practices and helping to create systems-based workplaces in which they will be supported as leaders in their care team. This framework seeks to ensure that educational opportunities are meaningful, plentiful and learner-centric. "Learner-Centric," or "learner-centered teaching," is an approach supported by extensive research that emphasizes the use of a variety of different types of teaching methods and shifts the role of the instructors from givers of information to facilitators of the learning process. The dimensions within this framework help learners identify which bodies of medical and clinical knowledge are needed at certain points throughout the physician anesthesiologist's career. Tools incorporated into the educational design of each activity should be developed that aide in improving practice as an individual self-selects specific learning activities and identifies areas for continuous quality improvement.
Ed Dellert; Building a Safe and Confident Future: ASA's Continuous Professional Development Initiatives. ASA Monitor 2015;79(3):8-9.


text:
Forex trades double as CBN restores transparency in forex market
June 10, 2021 Editorial IV Business 0
Central Bank of Nigeria ( CBN) in collaboration with FMDQ, forex dealers recently activated On-system trading and also adopted a single market-driven rate. In this report AMAKA IFEAKANDU writes on the impact of the implementation in the market.
Central Bank of Nigeria in its commitment towards development of the foreign exchange (Forex) market and Nigerian financial system, has recently entered into collaboration with FMDQ Securities Exchange Limited and Forex authorised Dealers activated on- system trading and reporting of all FX transactions in the market on the FMDQ-advised FX trading system. They also adopted a single market driven rate in May 2021.
The nation's forex market remains one of the largest and the most crucial segment of the Nigerian financial market with an average annual turnover of $45.85 billion over the last four years.
Operators said that despite the high market turnover, activities in the market remained constrained by limited transparency and volatile capital flows, leading to market fragmentation and multiple exchange rates, as activity levels fluctuated alternately between the formal and regulated market segments, and the unregulated (parallel) market. Consequently, the variance between the exchange rate of the Dollar/ Naira currency pair for Forex transactions executed through the formal and regulated markets and unregulated (parallel) market has continued to fluctuate, with a record high of N124.52 to a dollar in 2016, and parallel market reaching a record peak of N520.00 to a Dollar on February 22, 2017.
Previous initiatives to boost liquidity in forex market
But in a bid to restore confidence, enhance efficiency and boost liquidity in the Nigerian Forex market, several initiatives were launched in 2017 – with the CBN laudably introducing a special Forex window – the "Investors' & Exporters' Forex Window" (the I&E FX Window or the Window), which set out a single and autonomous Forex market structure for activities in the market, towards maintaining FX market stability, whilst attracting and retaining foreign capital into the economy; and FMDQ deploying a credible fixing to the Forex market – the Nigerian Autonomous Foreign Exchange Fixing (NAFEX) – representing Spot Forex market rates, supporting appropriate benchmarking and facilitation of derivatives activities, and serving as the reference rate for activities, all in the I&E Foreign exchange Market.
The benchmark, NAFEX, however, serves as a reference rate for other Forex market products, such as the CBN and FMDQ-launched Naira-settled OTC FX Futures, thereby proving an avenue for market participants to hedge foreign exchange rate risk. The success of the I&E Forex Market, supported by NAFEX, following the April 2017 launch, was substantiated by the significant increase in foreign capital inflows as at third quarter of 2017, providing the much-needed liquidity, which contributed to the immediate convergence of the rates in the I&E FX Market and the parallel market at N368.00 to a dollar by the end of June 2017, and was maintained until the occurrence of the pandemic, which caused reduced liquidity in the Forex market, thereby resulting in an increase in the spread to N29.45 to a dollar in March 2020 and N80 to Dollar by the end of last month.
New initiatives on- system trading/adoption of a single market driven rate
Interestingly, the CBN, in line with its desire for a more liquid market, in May 2021 took the remarkable step of increasing transparency by activating the on-system trading and reporting of forex transactions on the FMDQ-advised System. This move was supported by the adoption of NAFEX as the benchmark rate for the public sector foreign currency-denominated transactions, thereby actualising the long-desired hope of a single market-driven rate in the Nigerian forex market.
Reactions on the new forex initiative
In a statement signed by the Chief Executive Officer, FMDQ Group, Mr Bola Onadele Koko, affirmed that "FMDQ is excited at the introduction of market-building initiatives by the CBN to ensure the further development of the forex market, in recognition that a liquid, transparent and credible forx market is a major precursor for increased inflows into the Nigerian financial market.
He said that FMDQ remains committed to institutionalising structures – efficient processes, systems, etc., in collaboration withmarket stakeholders, to support initiatives towards delivering a thriving FX market that is well-positioned to support the Nigerian economy."
While addressing the market, the CBN Governor, Mr Godwin I. Emefiele, emphasised the importance of a transparent and credible Forex market, and reiterated the CBN's commitment to implementing market-enhancing initiatives required to inspire confidence towards sustaining and deepening the Nigerian Forex market.
Impact of the implementation of CBN market initiatives
The implementation of the aforementioned market initiatives according to the data for FMDW has shown a significant increase in the turnover recorded in the Forex market, from an average monthly turnover recorded in January to April 2021 at circa $1.30 billion, compared to May 2021 with $2.52 billion turnover recorded, whilst the number of executed trades rose from an average monthly number of 6,733 trades in January to April, to 6,949 trades in May.
FMDQ also said that the renewed confidence and depth in the Forex market will improve the attractiveness of the Nigerian market to foreign portfolio investors and also pave the way for the introduction of new derivatives products on FMDQ's platform to support hedging of risk exposures by both local and foreign market stakeholders.
FDMQ collaborates with other stakeholders to develop capital market
As Africa's first vertically integrated financial market infrastructure (FMI) group and a one-stop platform to commence and end all financial market transactions in a seamless, timely and cost-efficient manner, FMDQ Group remains positioned to collaboratively work with market stakeholders in developing the Nigerian markets through innovative and value-adding solutions. With its renewed aspiration as encapsulated in its mission to "collaborate to empower markets for economic progress towards delivering prosperity", FMDQ Group, comprising FMDQ Exchange, FMDQ Clear Limited, FMDQ Depository Limited and FMDQ Private Markets Limited, having consolidated its activities into a fully diversified platform across multiple asset classes – fixed income, currencies, equities and derivatives markets – for execution, clearing and settlement of trades, amongst others – is strategically positioned to support the transformation of the Nigerian financial market to become globally competitive, operationally excellent, liquid, and diverse.
FHA to commence estates' construction across geo-political zones – Ashafa
Let there be Nigeria before Twitter
𝑴𝒂𝒍𝒂𝒎𝒊'𝒔 m𝒊𝒍𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒔 𝒊𝒏 2021 (2) January 17, 2022
Wanted: Post-Obasanjo era January 17, 2022
Buratai: Reflecting on the gains of Army General turned diplomat January 17, 2022
Governors and wasteful, egocentric airports January 17, 2022
On national security, fake news January 17, 2022
Wanted: Post-Obasanjo era
Governors and wasteful, egocentric airports
On national security, fake news


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With Pinewood Studios (Sorted by Popularity Ascending)
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1. Star Wars: Episode I - The Phantom Menace (1999)
Two Jedi escape a hostile blockade to find allies and come across a young boy who may bring balance to the Force, but the long dormant Sith resurface to claim their old glory.
Director: George Lucas | Stars: Ewan McGregor, Liam Neeson, Natalie Portman, Jake Lloyd
Three decades after the Empire's defeat, a new threat arises in the militant First Order. Defected stormtrooper Finn and the scavenger Rey are caught up in the Resistance's search for the missing Luke Skywalker.
Director: J.J. Abrams | Stars: Daisy Ridley, John Boyega, Oscar Isaac, Domhnall Gleeson
3. Solo: A Star Wars Story (2018)
During an adventure into the criminal underworld, Han Solo meets his future co-pilot Chewbacca and encounters Lando Calrissian years before joining the Rebellion.
Director: Ron Howard | Stars: Alden Ehrenreich, Woody Harrelson, Emilia Clarke, Donald Glover
4. Skyfall (2012)
James Bond's loyalty to M is tested when her past comes back to haunt her. When MI6 comes under attack, 007 must track down and destroy the threat, no matter how personal the cost.
Director: Sam Mendes | Stars: Daniel Craig, Javier Bardem, Naomie Harris, Judi Dench
5. Guardians of the Galaxy (2014)
A group of intergalactic criminals must pull together to stop a fanatical warrior with plans to purge the universe.
Director: James Gunn | Stars: Chris Pratt, Vin Diesel, Bradley Cooper, Zoe Saldana
6. Spectre (I) (2015)
A cryptic message from James Bond's past sends him on a trail to uncover the exsistence of a sinister organisation named SPECTRE. With a new threat dawning, Bond learns the terrible truth about the author of all his pain in his most recent missions.
Director: Sam Mendes | Stars: Daniel Craig, Christoph Waltz, Léa Seydoux, Ralph Fiennes
7. The Princess Bride (1987)
PG | 98 min | Adventure, Family, Fantasy
While home sick in bed, a young boy's grandfather reads him the story of a farmboy-turned-pirate who encounters numerous obstacles, enemies and allies in his quest to be reunited with his true love.
Director: Rob Reiner | Stars: Cary Elwes, Mandy Patinkin, Robin Wright, Chris Sarandon
8. The Invention of Lying (2009)
PG-13 | 100 min | Comedy, Fantasy, Romance
A comedy set in a world where no one has ever lied, until a writer seizes the opportunity for personal gain.
Directors: Ricky Gervais, Matthew Robinson | Stars: Ricky Gervais, Jennifer Garner, Jonah Hill, Louis C.K.
9. Ex Machina (2014)
R | 108 min | Drama, Mystery, Sci-Fi
A young programmer is selected to participate in a ground-breaking experiment in synthetic intelligence by evaluating the human qualities of a highly advanced humanoid A.I.
Director: Alex Garland | Stars: Alicia Vikander, Domhnall Gleeson, Oscar Isaac, Sonoya Mizuno
10. The Golden Compass (2007)
PG-13 | 113 min | Adventure, Family, Fantasy
In a parallel universe, young Lyra Belacqua journeys to the far North to save her best friend and other kidnapped children from terrible experiments by a mysterious organization.
Director: Chris Weitz | Stars: Nicole Kidman, Daniel Craig, Dakota Blue Richards, Ben Walker
11. Stardust (2007)
In a countryside town bordering on a magical land, a young man makes a promise to his beloved that he'll retrieve a fallen star by venturing into the magical realm.
Director: Matthew Vaughn | Stars: Charlie Cox, Claire Danes, Sienna Miller, Ian McKellen
12. Casino Royale (2006)
After earning 00 status and a licence to kill, Secret Agent James Bond sets out on his first mission as 007. Bond must defeat a private banker funding terrorists in a high-stakes game of poker at Casino Royale, Montenegro.
Director: Martin Campbell | Stars: Daniel Craig, Eva Green, Judi Dench, Jeffrey Wright
13. Snatch (2000)
R | 102 min | Comedy, Crime
Unscrupulous boxing promoters, violent bookmakers, a Russian gangster, incompetent amateur robbers and supposedly Jewish jewelers fight to track down a priceless stolen diamond.
Director: Guy Ritchie | Stars: Jason Statham, Brad Pitt, Benicio Del Toro, Dennis Farina
14. The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002)
PG-13 | 179 min | Adventure, Drama, Fantasy
While Frodo and Sam edge closer to Mordor with the help of the shifty Gollum, the divided fellowship makes a stand against Sauron's new ally, Saruman, and his hordes of Isengard.
Director: Peter Jackson | Stars: Elijah Wood, Ian McKellen, Viggo Mortensen, Orlando Bloom
15. Annihilation (2018)
R | 115 min | Adventure, Drama, Horror
A biologist signs up for a dangerous, secret expedition into a mysterious zone where the laws of nature don't apply.
Director: Alex Garland | Stars: Natalie Portman, Jennifer Jason Leigh, Tessa Thompson, Benedict Wong
18. Aliens (1986)
R | 137 min | Action, Adventure, Sci-Fi
Ellen Ripley is rescued by a deep salvage team after being in hypersleep for 57 years. The moon that the Nostromo visited has been colonized, but contact is lost. This time, colonial marines have impressive firepower, but will that be enough?
Director: James Cameron | Stars: Sigourney Weaver, Michael Biehn, Carrie Henn, Paul Reiser
19. Charlie and the Chocolate Factory (2005)
PG | 115 min | Adventure, Comedy, Family
Director: Tim Burton | Stars: Johnny Depp, Freddie Highmore, David Kelly, Helena Bonham Carter
20. The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey (2012)
A reluctant Hobbit, Bilbo Baggins, sets out to the Lonely Mountain with a spirited group of dwarves to reclaim their mountain home, and the gold within it from the dragon Smaug.
Director: Peter Jackson | Stars: Martin Freeman, Ian McKellen, Richard Armitage, Andy Serkis
21. Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015)
When Tony Stark and Bruce Banner try to jump-start a dormant peacekeeping program called Ultron, things go horribly wrong and it's up to Earth's mightiest heroes to stop the villainous Ultron from enacting his terrible plan.
Director: Joss Whedon | Stars: Robert Downey Jr., Chris Evans, Mark Ruffalo, Chris Hemsworth
22. Bird Box (2018)
R | 124 min | Drama, Horror, Sci-Fi
Five years after an ominous unseen presence drives most of society to suicide, a mother and her two children make a desperate bid to reach safety.
Director: Susanne Bier | Stars: Sandra Bullock, Trevante Rhodes, John Malkovich, Sarah Paulson
23. Prometheus (I) (2012)
R | 124 min | Adventure, Mystery, Sci-Fi
Following clues to the origin of mankind, a team finds a structure on a distant moon, but they soon realize they are not alone.
Director: Ridley Scott | Stars: Noomi Rapace, Logan Marshall-Green, Michael Fassbender, Charlize Theron
24. The Fifth Element (1997)
In the colorful future, a cab driver unwittingly becomes the central figure in the search for a legendary cosmic weapon to keep Evil and Mr. Zorg at bay.
Director: Luc Besson | Stars: Bruce Willis, Milla Jovovich, Gary Oldman, Ian Holm
25. Eyes Wide Shut (1999)
A New York City doctor embarks on a harrowing, night-long odyssey of sexual and moral discovery after his wife reveals a painful secret to him.
Director: Stanley Kubrick | Stars: Tom Cruise, Nicole Kidman, Todd Field, Sydney Pollack
26. Doctor Strange (2016)
While on a journey of physical and spiritual healing, a brilliant neurosurgeon is drawn into the world of the mystic arts.
Director: Scott Derrickson | Stars: Benedict Cumberbatch, Chiwetel Ejiofor, Rachel McAdams, Benedict Wong
27. The Mummy (1999)
At an archaeological dig in the ancient city of Hamunaptra, an American serving in the French Foreign Legion accidentally awakens a mummy who begins to wreck havoc as he searches for the reincarnation of his long-lost love.
Director: Stephen Sommers | Stars: Brendan Fraser, Rachel Weisz, John Hannah, Arnold Vosloo
28. Brooklyn (2015)
PG-13 | 117 min | Drama, Romance
An Irish immigrant lands in 1950s Brooklyn, where she quickly falls into a romance with a local. When her past catches up with her, however, she must choose between two countries and the lives that exist within.
Director: John Crowley | Stars: Saoirse Ronan, Emory Cohen, Domhnall Gleeson, Jim Broadbent
29. GoldenEye (1995)
Years after a friend and fellow 00 agent is killed on a joint mission, a secret space based weapons program known as "GoldenEye" is stolen. James Bond sets out to stop a Russian crime syndicate from using the weapon.
Director: Martin Campbell | Stars: Pierce Brosnan, Sean Bean, Izabella Scorupco, Famke Janssen
An ancient Egyptian princess is awakened from her crypt beneath the desert, bringing with her malevolence grown over millennia, and terrors that defy human comprehension.
Director: Alex Kurtzman | Stars: Tom Cruise, Sofia Boutella, Annabelle Wallis, Russell Crowe
31. The Theory of Everything (2014)
PG-13 | 123 min | Biography, Drama, Romance
A look at the relationship between the famous physicist Stephen Hawking and his wife.
Director: James Marsh | Stars: Eddie Redmayne, Felicity Jones, Tom Prior, Sophie Perry
32. Batman (1989)
PG-13 | 126 min | Action, Adventure
The Dark Knight of Gotham City begins his war on crime with his first major enemy being the clownishly homicidal Joker.
Director: Tim Burton | Stars: Michael Keaton, Jack Nicholson, Kim Basinger, Robert Wuhl
33. Hanna (2011)
PG-13 | 111 min | Action, Drama, Thriller
A sixteen-year-old girl who was raised by her father to be the perfect assassin is dispatched on a mission across Europe, tracked by a ruthless intelligence agent and her operatives.
Director: Joe Wright | Stars: Saoirse Ronan, Cate Blanchett, Eric Bana, Vicky Krieps
34. Suburbicon (2017)
R | 105 min | Comedy, Crime, Drama
As a 1950s suburban community self-destructs, a home invasion has sinister consequences for one seemingly normal family.
Director: George Clooney | Stars: Matt Damon, Julianne Moore, Oscar Isaac, Noah Jupe
35. Me Before You (2016)
A girl in a small town forms an unlikely bond with a recently-paralyzed man she's taking care of.
Director: Thea Sharrock | Stars: Emilia Clarke, Sam Claflin, Janet McTeer, Charles Dance
36. Quantum of Solace (2008)
James Bond descends into mystery as he tries to stop a mysterious organisation from eliminating a country's most valuable resource.
Director: Marc Forster | Stars: Daniel Craig, Olga Kurylenko, Mathieu Amalric, Judi Dench
37. Die Another Day (2002)
James Bond is sent to investigate the connection between a North Korean terrorist and a diamond mogul, who is funding the development of an international space weapon.
Director: Lee Tamahori | Stars: Pierce Brosnan, Halle Berry, Rosamund Pike, Toby Stephens
38. Thor: The Dark World (2013)
When the Dark Elves attempt to plunge the universe into darkness, Thor must embark on a perilous and personal journey that will reunite him with doctor Jane Foster.
Director: Alan Taylor | Stars: Chris Hemsworth, Natalie Portman, Tom Hiddleston, Stellan Skarsgård
39. Mansfield Park (1999)
At 10, Fanny Price, a poor relation, goes to live at Mansfield Park, the estate of her aunt's husband, Sir Thomas. Clever, studious, and a writer with an ironic imagination and fine moral ... See full summary »
Director: Patricia Rozema | Stars: Frances O'Connor, Jonny Lee Miller, Alessandro Nivola, Hannah Taylor Gordon
40. Assassin's Creed (2016)
Callum Lynch explores the memories of his ancestor Aguilar de Nerha and gains the skills of a Master Assassin, before taking on the secret Templar society.
Director: Justin Kurzel | Stars: Michael Fassbender, Marion Cotillard, Jeremy Irons, Brendan Gleeson
41. The Da Vinci Code (2006)
PG-13 | 149 min | Action, Mystery, Thriller
A murder inside the Louvre, and clues in Da Vinci paintings, lead to the discovery of a religious mystery protected by a secret society for two thousand years, which could shake the foundations of Christianity.
Director: Ron Howard | Stars: Tom Hanks, Audrey Tautou, Jean Reno, Ian McKellen
42. Slumdog Millionaire (2008)
R | 120 min | Drama, Romance
A Mumbai teenager reflects on his life after being accused of cheating on the Indian version of "Who Wants to be a Millionaire?"
Directors: Danny Boyle, Loveleen Tandan | Stars: Dev Patel, Freida Pinto, Saurabh Shukla, Anil Kapoor
43. King Arthur (2004)
PG-13 | 126 min | Action, Adventure, Drama
A demystified take on the tale of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table.
Director: Antoine Fuqua | Stars: Clive Owen, Stephen Dillane, Keira Knightley, Ioan Gruffudd
44. The Phantom of the Opera (2004)
PG-13 | 143 min | Drama, Musical, Romance
A young soprano becomes the obsession of a disfigured and murderous musical genius who lives beneath the Paris Opéra House.
Director: Joel Schumacher | Stars: Gerard Butler, Emmy Rossum, Patrick Wilson, Miranda Richardson
45. 28 Days Later... (2002)
Four weeks after a mysterious, incurable virus spreads throughout the UK, a handful of survivors try to find sanctuary.
Director: Danny Boyle | Stars: Cillian Murphy, Naomie Harris, Christopher Eccleston, Alex Palmer
46. Children of Men (2006)
R | 109 min | Drama, Thriller
In 2027, in a chaotic world in which women have become somehow infertile, a former activist agrees to help transport a miraculously pregnant woman to a sanctuary at sea.
Director: Alfonso Cuarón | Stars: Julianne Moore, Clive Owen, Chiwetel Ejiofor, Michael Caine
47. Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides (2011)
Jack Sparrow and Barbossa embark on a quest to find the elusive fountain of youth, only to discover that Blackbeard and his daughter are after it too.
Director: Rob Marshall | Stars: Johnny Depp, Penélope Cruz, Ian McShane, Geoffrey Rush
48. Dogtooth (2009)
Not Rated | 97 min | Drama, Thriller
Three teenagers live isolated, without leaving their house, because their over-protective parents say they can only leave when their dogtooth falls out.
Director: Yorgos Lanthimos | Stars: Christos Stergioglou, Michele Valley, Angeliki Papoulia, Hristos Passalis
49. Event Horizon (1997)
R | 96 min | Horror, Sci-Fi, Thriller
A rescue crew investigates a spaceship that disappeared into a black hole and has now returned...with someone or something new on-board.
Director: Paul W.S. Anderson | Stars: Laurence Fishburne, Sam Neill, Kathleen Quinlan, Joely Richardson
50. Mission: Impossible (1996)
An American agent, under false suspicion of disloyalty, must discover and expose the real spy without the help of his organization.
Director: Brian De Palma | Stars: Tom Cruise, Jon Voight, Emmanuelle Béart, Henry Czerny


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The Manuscript Museum at Alexandria's Bibliotheca Alexandrina currently has an impressive collection of manuscripts on display.
Among the collection is a famous Islamic jurist (faqih), Abu Bakr Al-Turtusi who lived during perilous times and traveled for knowledge extensively throughout the Arab world before settling in Alexandria where he would claim his fame and a legacy that lives on till this day.
It was under the reign of the Umayyads that al-Andalus first gained importance before slowly disintegrading under the Taifas in the eleventh century.
The Arab castle built during Al- Turtusi's time still dominates Tortosa's skyline. It's also a landmark not too far from the site where Al-Turtusi was born in 1059.
Al-Turtusi first traveled to Saragossa, Spain where he became a student under Abul-Walid al-Baji, a famous scholar and poet.
Following the same path of al-Baji, he then traveled to Mecca, Basra and Baghdad, before stopping by Damascus and finally reached Alexandria where he taught at a school.
At the time, Egypt was under Fatimid rule and al-Afdal Shahinshah ibn Badr al-Din al-Gamali was the vizier, under whom the Egyptian people were suffering.
Al-Turtusi made note of the people's suffering and felt his mission as a jurist exceeded that of a teacher. He would travel to Cairo to meet al-Afdal and tell him of his injustices and tyranny.
Al-Turtusi mentioned how al-Afdal was overwhelmed and that he promised to change his ways.
However, as mentioned in al-Dubbi's 'Bughyat al-Multames,' al-Turtusi grew popular and eventually provoked the envy of Alexandria's judge who was eclipsed by al-Turtusi's fame.
The judge would report him to al-Afdal after fearing that al-Turtusi would incite a rebellion.
The eager scholar was forced to stay in Fustat, the former capital of Egypt, instead of being allowed to roam free in Alexandria. Only when al-Afdal died could he return to his students and political circle in Alexandria.
His time in Fustat allowed him to reflect on the criteria of a good ruler and formulated his reflection into a masterpiece called Siraj al-Muluk (The Lamp of Kings), which he dedicated to the new Fatimid vizier, al-Bata'ahi, hoping that it would guide him to the good of his people.
The book was well received not only by the vizier, but also by a number of scholars and intellectuals over the centuries that followed.
In his Muqaddimah, Ibn Khaldun praised his pioneering work and later gave al-Turtusi a title of 'Counselor of the Princes'.
Al-Turtusi left many books and epistles such as Kitab al-Fitan and Kitab al-Hawadith, but Siraj al-Muluk is without a doubt his most famous piece of work.
Apart from sharing his own views, he lists hundreds of anecdotes and reflections by other jurists and thinkers that presented countless examples of a good ruler and the bad tyrants.
He also analyzed different regimes not only under the Muslim World, but also the Byzantine and Roman World as well as Asia.
Now being known as the respected faqih that he was, al-Turtusi's involvement in the succession of events back home in al-Andalus was an important one, both directly and indirectly.
He supported calls for the Almoravid Emir Yusuf Ibn Tashfin to take over al-Andalus and put an end to the reign of taifas – this would take place in 1090.
It happened that one of al-Turtusi's students later founded a powerful Berber dynasty that would depose al-Mahdi ibn Tumart, the father of the Almohad dynasty.
Al-Turtusi died in Alexandria in 1026.
While he may not be as famous as some Andalusi saints and scholars such as al-Mursi from Murcia or al-Shatibi from Xativa, his book Siraj al-Muluk would inspire writers and leaders to come, serving as an early manual of rule based on morality unlike Machiavelli's more famous work, The Prince.


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Felix Weingartner, compositore e direttore d'orchestra austriaco
 Hermann Weingärtner, ginnasta tedesco
 Marlene Weingärtner, tennista tedesca
 Carl Weingärtner, arbitro tedesco

Altri progetti

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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blog @ moschella.net
Freedom is Off the Air
The United States' rudderless public diplomacy has allowed authoritarian regimes to operate unchecked internationally and at home, putting free societies at risk and human rights in peril.
In March, a report in Foreign Policy highlighted a number of abductions ostensibly ordered by Beijing in order to repatriate Chinese citizens who were accused of questionable crimes at home.
These abductions are alleged to have occurred in Australia and potentially in other Western nations. Some have even targeted dual citizens who were also nationals of the countries from which they were abducted. That China would take such a risk as to do this indicates that its leaders know they will face no consequences.
The Voice of America and its sister networks under the Broadcasting Board of Governors can be some of the most prophylactic tools that America has to inhibit these sorts of actions by authoritarian regimes. They can help strengthen foreign opposition, give a voice to the silenced, and promote the rules-based international order. But these networks suffer from chronic underfunding, untimely cuts in services, institutional malaise, and a lack of will to consistently defend its most intrepid rank-and-file reporters and their families from harassment. The later problem is only just now being addressed head-on by the Department of State.
To use China as an increasingly egregious example of uninhibited abuse, there is already ample evidence for the world to question its development and political motives, but few are willing to amplify these stories and present an alternative way forward. Overseas, China's "Belt and Road Initiative" often brings with it political destabilization in its host countries while also placing these nations in debt to the point at which they may cede control of projects – typically critical pieces of infrastructure – to China.
Within its own borders, and free of critical press, China has accelerated its campaign of harassment, monitoring, and extrajudicial detention of Uighurs, human rights lawyers, reporters, and others based on specious threats, including the continued house arrest since 2010 of Liu Xia, the widow of Nobel laureate Liu Xiaobo. China's social credit system prejudices millions from travel and services without due process.
For those on China's periphery or who flirt with this authoritarianism, the apparent silence of America on these subjects is tantamount to tacit assent. If the U.S., free, rich and powerful, doesn't care to make an argument, why should it expect people in a far more tenuous predicament to do so?
And for those living within China's borders, they deserve to hear a voice that presents the facts and also puts forth an alternative ideology that values individual human rights and the rule of law. America's international media takes a passive approach to its mission; however, the original VOA charter provides that it shall "present a balanced and comprehensive projection [emphasis added] of significant American thought and institutions."
Even if the propagation of moral relativism throughout the West makes it an uncomfortable proposition for some to take a stand for these ideals, it is not xenophobic to argue against an oppressor-state on behalf of the oppressed.
Maintaining and increasing VOA service in key languages such as Mandarin, Cantonese, Uighur, and Tibetan is essential to making these arguments. Digital services need to be modernized, including the origination of new technologies to help traverse firewalls and reach today's digital information consumers. Traditional shortwave radio broadcasts should be maintained and expanded, as this most simplistic form of reception is easy to receive, and the receivers are easy to conceal.
The VOA should also consider third-party partnerships with satellite firms that can provide an end-run around government censorship from miles above. Finally, it is time for President Trump to nominate for Senate approval a new CEO to lead the BBG – one who understands that freedom is not the natural order of things, and that it must be aggressively maintained.
Let us all stand for the proposition that if a nation firewalls its citizens, it loses the moral authority to dictate what happens outside of its borders. And if that firewall is used to further internal human rights abuses, then that government has lost all moral authority within its borders as well. As time passes, America's indifference to this creeping authoritarianism will cost money, alliances, and lives. It's time to do what is necessary to inform, educate, and inspire the world's most susceptible populations.
Step One: Close the Gaps
International engagement doesn't betray the President's base
Since the end of the Cold War, the analysis of whether a policy is "good" or "bad" has centered on whether that policy has a quantifiable economic benefit. America spends less time today thinking about crises of ideology than it once did, and so our foreign policy becomes rooted in hard-dollar analyses. But that doesn't mean that the American public has abdicated the beliefs that it once so strongly espoused on the international stage.
The indicators of an American ideological vacuum now seem disturbingly regular. In China, we see an acceleration in information control, and the exertion of pressure on Hong Kong, including the government's decision to appeal the sentencing of three pro-democracy activists (who were later re-sentenced and jailed). In the past several days, we've also learned that China's television regulator has stepped up the pressure against broadcasters to produce more pro-Party programming, and North Korean engineering students study subjects applicable to weapons programs at Chinese universities, some on scholarship from China.
In our own hemisphere, we see missed opportunities in Cuba, Venezuela, and elsewhere that have led to generations lost to the pursuit of communism and socialism. And today, we risk opportunities by using free-trade agreements like the South Korea-US free trade agreement (KORUS) as negotiating leverage, playing to the fears of Americans purportedly harmed by such agreements.
It's of course true that economic issues, including free trade, played a pivotal role in the 2016 presidential campaign. However, the Trump voter who has seen his or her manufacturing job lost to lower-priced foreign imports is still likely to trend ideologically conservative, be religious, and be a profound believer in an idea presently in pause – that America, despite any flaws of past or present, remains the single best source for good in the world.
Placing KORUS discussions on hold does not mean reneging on a campaign promise to these voters. Standing with an ideological ally, notwithstanding economic concerns, validates those voters' non-economic values about what it means to be American and adhere to a promise. Even more so, placing aside trade issues and standing firm with South Korea makes it clear to aggressor nations that America and its allies are bound by more than just dollars. Tens of thousands of Americans have already given their lives alongside Koreans in pursuit of freedom, and hundreds of thousands of Americans on the Korean peninsula, both civilian and military, demonstrate the ongoing bond between the two nations that runs deeper than trade.
Furthermore, these actions would show that America's tolerance for ideologies antithetical to its own is not limitless. America has never predicated access to its market on strict adherence to its interests in all matters, but publicly and definitively setting aside the present trade spat would show that non-economic actions have inherent value to America as well. Conversely, non-economic actions taken contrary to American interests could have profound effects with respect to how America views the total value of the relationship.
The US has been limited in its application of sanctions to Chinese banks and has made concessions to China to gain its direct involvement with North Korea; China understandably is limited to certain options as well, in the face of a potential refugee crisis should the North Korean state collapse. However, America's concessions have a limit, so it is a legitimate question to ask at what point China's actions both domestically and with respect to the Korean peninsula make it less a matter of their benign indifference to American interests, but rather, short-sighted actions trying to maintain an untenable status quo.
The world has heard from many sources that in this Korean crisis, there are only bad options. Not all options may be bad, but none of the options are easy. They require political will and long-term resolve to be achieved, and in Newtonian parlance, one can't expect that decades of focused action by North Korea can be resolved by anything other than stronger focused action in the opposite direction over time.
Then, the easiest decision to make, and the predicate to any option, is to close the gaps between America, South Korea, and its other regional allies including Japan, to present a united and strong ideological front to the world that transcends trade, and adheres to commitments that America began making to the region seven decades ago. This would be a decision that the president's base would understand, would foreclose other nations' ability to hedge their positions on the issue, and would pay both economic and non-economic dividends in the years to come.


" On January 15, 2003, Plaintiffs, SNK NEOGEO USA CORP. and PLAYMORE CORPORATION, were successful in obtaining a preliminary injunction order from the Federal District Court that enjoined Worldwide Video Entertainment, Inc. (WWV), a San Diego based company, NeoGeo Freak (NGF) of Las Vegas, Nevada, and Arcade-Infinity, Inc. (Arcade), of Los Angeles, from among other things, selling allegedly counterfeit video game cartridges.
Worldwide and Arcade-Infinity stipulated to the preliminary injunction. Pursuant to the Court Orders against WWV, NGF and Arcade, all three entities are restrained from selling counterfeit products that infringe Plaintiffs' intellectual property rights, including such famous video games as "THE KING OF FIGHTERS 2002," "THE KING OF FIGHTERS 2001," "METAL SLUG 4," and "RAGE OF THE DRAGONS".
The Plaintiffs had previously raided all three of these businesses based on a Temporary Restraining Order issued on December 4, 2002. At that time, Plaintiffs seized numerous products, including posters, marquees, one slot PCBs, parts, wire harnesses, and video game cartridges, most of which have been inspected and positively identified as counterfeit products. "
For the full public statement by Playmore and files submitted against the alleged distributors, check Playmore's Public Release.
" In an advisory posted to the company's Web site, security consultancy PivX Solutions stated that popular multiplayer games that have servers supporting the GameSpy network--such as "Quake 3: Arena," "Unreal Tournament 2003" and "Battlefield 1942"--could be used to magnify a denial-of-service attack, in some cases by as much as 400 times.
The flaw occurs because servers that include the GameSpy networking code automatically send responses to queries for status information and don't verify the sender's address. An attacker can just ask the server for the information, but forge the data so that the packets appear to come from a fake address. When the game server responds, the large amount of information sent in reply goes to the target of the attack instead.
Other games that PivX believes are vulnerable are "Quake," "Quake 2," "Half-Life," "Tribes," "Return to Castle Wolfenstein," "Medal of Honour: Allied Assault," "NeverWinter Nights," and "America's Army." Versions of the game servers that are released on the Linux platform are affected as well.
"As a basic rule of thumb, if it supports GameSpy, it will likely be vulnerable," Mike Kristovich, a security researcher for PivX, said in a statement.
David Wright, director of technology for GameSpy, acknowledged that the amount of data that the attack could generate was "significant." Yet he downplayed the seriousness of the flaw.
For the full article, check ZDNet.


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This is a List of clubs in the Verbandsliga Württemberg, including all clubs and their final placings from the inaugural 1978–79 season to the current one. The league is the highest football league in the Württemberg region of Baden-Württemberg. It is one of 35 leagues at the sixth tier of the German football league system. Until the introduction of the 3. Liga in 2008 it was the fifth tier of the league system, until the introduction of the Regionalliga in 1994 the fourth tier.

Overview
The league was formed in 1978 to replace the two regional amateur leagues that existed in its place until then, the Amateurliga Nordwürttemberg and the Amateurliga Schwarzwald-Bodensee, as the third tier in Baden-Württemberg. At the same time, the Amateur-Oberliga Baden-Württemberg was formed above it.

League timeline
The league went through the following timeline of name changes, format and position in the league system:

League placings
The complete list of clubs in the league and their league placings.

1978–1994
The complete list of clubs and placings in the league while operating as a tier four league from 1978 to 1994:

1994–present
The complete list of clubs and placings in the league while operating as the tier five (1994–2008) and six (2008–present) league:

Key

 S = No of seasons in league (as of 2022–23)

Notes
 1 In 1995 GSV Maichingen withdrew their team from the Oberliga.
 2 In 2001 SSV Ulm 1846 withdrew from the 2nd Bundesliga to the Verbandsliga for financial reasons.
 3 In 2007 the football department of SB Heidenheim left the club to form 1. FC Heidenheim 1846.
 4 In 2011 VfL Kirchheim/Teck voluntarily withdrew from the league.
 5 In 2003 VfR Heilbronn merged with SpVgg Heilbronn to form FC Heilbronn.
 6 In 2010 TSV Crailsheim withdrew their team from the Oberliga.
 7 In 2008 TSV Schwieberdingen withdrew their team from the Oberliga.
 8 In 2014 1. FC Heidenheim II withdrew their team from the Oberliga.
 9 In 2017 Stuttgarter Kickers withdrew their reserve team from the Oberliga.

References

External links
  Das deutsche Fußball-Archiv Historic German league tables
  WFV: Verbandsliga and Landesliga

Football competitions in Baden-Württemberg
Wurttemberg


Strat-O-Matic background: While in high school, learned to play hanging out at my friend Steve Asta's house, while his older brother was playing Strat with his friends....one of them was Tommy Manna (Baltimore of this league!). As a result, Tommy and I forged a friendship that has lasted ever since.
Most memorable Strat-O-Matic moment: Winning 2 titles in an NL-only league, that boasts Tommy (Baltimore), Todd Hopkins (St. Louis) and Kent Kennedy (Bismarck) as some of its members. Close 2nd: Mark Beurhle thowing not one,... but TWO no-hitters in the same season in a winter league.
Did You Know? Tommy Manna and I have been in some type of Strat league together (baseball, football, hockey and/or basketball) for over 15 years now.


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News+Opinion » News Shorts
Sullivan's Island Residents Beach Bummed
Beachfront construction irks neighbors, environmentalists
by Greg Hambrick
One of the rare slips of untouched beachfront property along Marshall Boulevard on Sullivan's Island is facing development, with neighbors worried about their view and environmentalists worried about state permitting as the beach struggles with persistent erosion.
Neighbor Bill Walker, who has lived across the street for three decades, believed that the narrow property would never be developed. But, as often is the case, development finds a way. Now, mounds of sand have piled up, some of it already washed away by the high tides, and tall pilings outline the building's footprint.
Property owner Island Place and managing partner Ron Blanchard have followed state and local requirements, attorney Jeff Griffith told The Post and Courier. "(Blanchard) is doing everything he can to be a good neighbor and a good property owner," Griffith says.
The nonprofit environmentalists at Coastal Conservation League were keeping an eye on the project when it was permitted for beach renourishment and thought they'd have an opportunity to comment on any development before construction began.
But the state's Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management says its permit process doesn't allow for objections when the project meets its guidelines, says spokesman Daniel Burger, including limiting the size of the building and keeping it at a prescribed distance away from the shoreline.
As for concerns about erosion, Burger says the property owner will be responsible for renourishment, but the state can't require it. The state commissioned a Shoreline Committee which recently completed a report on protecting the coast. Their general proposals will be whittled down to specific recommendations by a Blue Ribbon Panel (no doubt to be followed by a council of elders and maybe a league of superheroes).
The panel will address issues involving construction in highly erosional areas. "They'll be looking at ways we can strengthen regulations and policies so we're not putting development in harm's way," Burger says.


text:
This Month's Good News
Source: Chuck Abbe / Wikimedia Commons
16. Land measure passed
> Date: Feb. 12
> Location: Washington, D.C.
Members of both parties put partisanship aside to pass a major public lands measure, the biggest such package in a decade. By a vote of 92-8, the Senate passed a 662-page bill that designates more than 1.3 million acres as nationally protected wilderness and creates four national monuments. The bill also expands the boundaries of six national parks, including Death Valley and the Mojave. The bill is expected to pass the House and be signed into law by President Donald Trump.
Source: Courtesy of Will Burrard-Lucas
17. Black leopard photographed
> Location: Africa
The elusive black leopard was photographed in Kenya by British wildlife photographer Will Burrard-Lucas. The images were taken with a Camtraptions Camera Trap and were taken at Laikipia Wilderness Camp in Kenya. Burrard-Lucas said that though his were not the first photos taken of a black leopard in the last century, his images, along with footage taken by the San Diego Zoo, are the first confirmed scientific documentation of the leopard in more than 100 years.
ALSO READ: Teams With the Most Hall of Famers
Source: Courtesy of US Postal Service
18. Mailman delivers-for 69 years
> Location: Richfield, Utah
Ninety-one-year-old mailman Jack Lund has retired after 69 years of service. He started delivering mail in 1949 and forged a reputation for reliability. Over the years, Lund delivered the mail, overcoming severe mountain weather, vehicle mechanical failures, and other problems. A ceremony was held in his honor, where he was given an American flag, some postal service art, and, and a letter of commendation and thanks.
Source: Courtesy of Ryan Belcher
19. Powerful friends
> Location: Ypsilanti, Michigan
Powerlifter Ryan Belcher, 29, got the nickname "Hulk" for using his tremendous strength to move a vehicle that was damaged in a traffic accident and free a man from inside the vehicle. Belcher came upon a car accident near his workplace on the afternoon of Feb. 14. The driver, Montrell Tinsley, was pinned in an overturned, damaged Jeep. Bystanders tried shifting the vehicle so they could drag him out, but the vehicle wouldn't move. Belcher, who said he's dead-lifted 800 pounds in competition, said he grabbed the back of the vehicle where the window had been smashed, lifted up, and started pushing. Belcher said the Jeep rotated enough for the bystanders to free Tinsley, who was pulled out. Tinsley, who named Belcher "Hulk," is recovering.
Source: Photo by Gregory Shamus / Getty Images
20. Ultimate multi-tasker
> Location: Sterling, Virginia
Tori Nelson might be the ultimate multitasker. The single mom of two children has held jobs as a waitress at IHOP, a cafeteria worker and a school bus driver; she's a grandmother; and Nelson is a professional boxer. Nelson, 42, has a professional record of 17 wins, one loss, and three draws. She got into boxing in 2007 as a way to lose weight between pregnancies. It was from her exposure to the "sweet science" that she realized she was a fighter. Nelson had been undefeated until she lost to two-time Olympic gold medalist Claressa Shields in January for the WBC and IBF super middleweight titles.
Source: AscentXmedia / Getty Images
21. Uniting against climate change
> Location: United States
Several different outdoor recreational groups have united to create a coalition that will take action to combat climate change in order to save the nation's ski areas from rising temperatures. What is at stake for these groups is the threat climate change poses to the multi-billion dollar outdoor recreation industry. The coalition, called the Outdoor Business Climate Partnership, is the first such collaboration among these trade groups. The group advocates the passage of bipartisan climate legislation in Congress, adopting market-based solutions to cut greenhouse gas emissions, and supporting state and utility initiatives to remove carbon from the energy grid.


This camera with motion detection and a powerful flashlight is one completely safe to use security system. When the motion indicator is activated then the camera record for 10 seconds audio-video files on the memory card until the motion stops (supports up to 32 GB, no card included in the kit). The camera also has a light sensor when it detects movement in low lighting it tuns on the LED flashlight so that every movement be clearly recorded in resolution of 640x480 in AVI format. The effective range of the motion sensor is up to 8 meters and LED lit the area within 15 meters. Made of waterproof materials this allows for outdoor use. When the memory is over the device overwrites the oldest files.
This camera doesn't support battery and will only work when plugged with adapter.
Placed in the pocket, this little hidden camera can successfully imitate a pen. With it you can do video recording in AVI format in two resolutions, 640x480 or 320x240 pixels. Recordings are stored on the microSD card (not included in kit) 32 GB maximum supported card storage. Data can be transferred to your PC without installing any drivers. The camera will be automatically detected by the operating system after turning the computer on. Built-in rechargeable lithium-ion battery provides approximately three hours of continuous recording. Dimensions 133x23x14 mm.
With this camera you do not need a battery, you will not worry whether there will be power just when you need it most. The camera works with the current directly from the main power.
Using with this device is extremely easy. Just turn at the light bulb, press the key to turn on the light and the recording begins. When you press the switch of the lamp it automatically stops recording. It also has an switch button located on the lamp. To direct the camera lens in the desired direction there is a flexible extension.
Recordings are stored on the microSD card, such as the maximum amount that you can put is 32 GB. You can choose between two resolutions, 640x480 and 352x288. An audio-video recording is 3gp. At lower resolutions you can make a 24-hour recording on 4 GB.
To record only when there is motion in front of the camera lens is a software motion detector.
With the camera placed in a jacket pocket or other convenient place, you can make hidden records.
The camera has a slot in which you can insert a microSD card up to 32 GB.
This device will make audio-video recordings with impressive resolution of 1280x720 pixels and 30 frames per second. The video is in mov format.
Also, you can make individual images in JPEG resolution 4032x3024.
The camera captures audio-video files in AVI format with 720x480 resolution at 30 frames per second.
There is an internal memory of 4 GB, which is used for saving the recordings. For connection to a computer it is automatically recognized by the operating system.
Controlling the recording is done by a remote control.
The device has a rechargeable battery that gives about two hours of continuous operation. To recharge it, please, use the USB port of the adapter.
This hat is the perfect tool for espionage. With its help you without any suspicion can make audio video recording or only single high-resolution images. To capture only when necessary there is a remote control provided. With its help you can start and stop video or take pictures in a single button press.
The hat has 360 mAh battery and a microSD card slot.
Video is in AVI format with a resolution 640х480/30 fps, and photos are in JPEG with the same resolution - 640х480.


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