text:
Title: Arthur C. Clarke
Subject: List of science fiction novels, Rendezvous with Rama, List of fictional computers, Space elevators in fiction, The Left Hand of Darkness
Sri Lankabhimanya
Clarke in his home office, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 28 March 2005
(1917-12-16)16 December 1917
Minehead, Somerset, England, UK
Charles Willis
E. G. O'Brien[1][2]
Writer, inventor
1946–2008 (professional fiction writer)
Profiles of the Future
Rendezvous with Rama
The Fountains of Paradise
Marilyn Mayfield (1953–1964)
.org.clarkefoundationwww
Sir Arthur Charles Clarke, CBE, FRAS (Sri Lankabhimanya Arthur Charles Clarke) (16 December 1917 – 19 March 2008) was a British science fiction writer, science writer and futurist,[3] inventor, undersea explorer, and television series host.[4]
He is perhaps most famous for being co-writer of the screenplay for the movie 2001: A Space Odyssey, widely considered to be one of the most influential films of all time.[5][6] His other science fiction writings earned him a number of Hugo and Nebula awards, along with a large readership, making him into one of the towering figures of the field. For many years he, Robert Heinlein, and Isaac Asimov were known as the "Big Three" of science fiction.[7]
Clarke was a lifelong proponent of space travel. In 1934, while still a teenager, he joined the British Interplanetary Society. In 1945, he proposed a satellite communication system[8]--an idea that, in 1963, won him the Franklin Institute's Stuart Ballantine Medal[9] and other honors.[10] Later he was the chairman of the British Interplanetary Society from 1946–47 and again in 1951–53.[11]
Clarke was a science writer, who was both an avid populariser of space travel and a futurist of uncanny ability, and wrote over a dozen books and many essays (which appeared in various popular magazines) on these subjects. In 1961 he was awarded a Kalinga Prize, an award which is given by UNESCO for popularizing science. These along with his science fiction writings, eventually earned him the moniker "Prophet of the Space Age".[12]
Clarke emigrated to Sri Lanka in 1956, largely to pursue his interest in scuba diving.[13] That year he discovered the underwater ruins of the ancient Koneswaram temple in Trincomalee.
Clarke augmented his fame later on in the 1980s, by being the host of several television shows such as Arthur C. Clarke's Mysterious World.
He lived in Sri Lanka until his death.[14] He was knighted in 1998[15][16] and was awarded Sri Lanka's highest civil honour, Sri Lankabhimanya, in 2005.[17]
1.2 World War II
1.3 Postwar
1.3.1 Sexuality
1.4 Sri Lanka
1.5 Television series host
1.6 Knighthood
1.7 Later years
2 Science fiction writer
2.1 Beginnings
2.2 The Sentinel
2.3 The "Big Three"
2.4 2001 series of novels
2.5 2001: A Space Odyssey
2.6 2010: Odyssey Two
2.7 Rendezvous with Rama
3 Science writer
3.1 Space travel
3.2 Futurism
4 The Geostationary communications satellite
5 Undersea explorer
6.1 On religion
6.2 Paranormal phenomena
7 Themes, style, and influences
8 Awards, honours and other recognition
8.1 Named for Clarke
8.1.1 Awards
9 Selected works
9.1 Novels
9.2 Short story collections
9.3 Non-fiction
Clarke was born in Minehead, Somerset, England and grew up in nearby Bishops Lydeard. As a boy, he grew up on a farm enjoying stargazing and reading old American science fiction pulp magazines. After secondary education at Huish Grammar school in Taunton, and moving to London in 1936 he joined the Board of Education as a pensions auditor.[18]
During World War II from 1941 to 1946 he served in the Royal Air Force as a radar specialist and was involved in the early warning radar defence system, which contributed to the RAF's success during the Battle of Britain. Clarke spent most of his wartime service working on Ground Controlled Approach (GCA) radar, as documented in the semi-autobiographical Glide Path, his only non-science-fiction novel. Although GCA did not see much practical use during the war, it proved vital to the Berlin Airlift of 1948–1949 after several years of development. Clarke initially served in the ranks, and was a corporal instructor on radar at No. 2 Radio School, RAF Yatesbury in Wiltshire. He was commissioned as a Pilot Officer (Technical Branch) on 27 May 1943.[19] He was promoted Flying Officer on 27 November 1943.[20] He was appointed chief training instructor at RAF Honiley in Warwickshire and was demobilised with the rank of flight lieutenant.
After the war he attained a first-class degree in mathematics and physics from King's College London, .[21] After this he worked as Assistant Editor at Physics Abstracts. Clarke then served as Chairman of the British Interplanetary Society from 1946 to 1947[22] and again from 1951 to 1953.[23]
Although he was not the originator of the concept of geostationary satellites, one of his most important contributions may be his idea that they would be ideal telecommunications relays. He advanced this idea in a paper privately circulated among the core technical members of the BIS in 1945. The concept was published in Wireless World in October of that year.[24][25][26] Clarke also wrote a number of non-fiction books describing the technical details and societal implications of rocketry and space flight. The most notable of these may be Interplanetary Flight (1950), The Exploration of Space (1951) and The Promise of Space (1968). In recognition of these contributions the geostationary orbit 36,000 kilometres (22,000 mi) above the equator is officially recognised by the International Astronomical Union as a Clarke Orbit.[27]
On a trip to Florida in 1953[28] Clarke met and quickly married Marilyn Mayfield, a 22-year-old American divorcee with a young son. They separated permanently after six months, although the divorce was not finalised until 1964.[29] "The marriage was incompatible from the beginning", says Clarke.[29] Clarke never remarried, but was close to a Sri Lankan man, Leslie Ekanayake, whom the author called his "only perfect friend of a lifetime" in his dedication to The Fountains of Paradise.[30] Clarke is buried with Ekanayake, who predeceased him by three decades, in the Colombo central cemetery. In his biography of Stanley Kubrick, John Baxter cites Clarke's homosexuality as a reason why he relocated, due to more tolerant laws with regard to homosexuality in Sri Lanka.[31] Journalists who enquired of Clarke whether he was gay were told, "No, merely mildly cheerful."[32] However, Michael Moorcock has written:
Everyone knew he was gay. In the 1950s I'd go out drinking with his boyfriend. We met his protégés, western and eastern, and their families, people who had only the most generous praise for his kindness. Self-absorbed he might be and a teetotaller, but an impeccable gent through and through.[33]
In an interview in the July 1986 issue of Playboy magazine,[34] when asked if he had had a bisexual experience, Clarke stated "Of course. Who hasn't?" .[35] In his obituary, Clarke's friend Kerry O'Quinn wrote : "Yes, Arthur was gay ... As Isaac Asimov once told me, 'I think he simply found he preferred men.' Arthur didn't publicize his sexuality – that wasn't the focus of his life – but if asked, he was open and honest."[36]
Clarke maintained a vast collection of manuscripts and personal memoirs, maintained by his brother Fred Clarke in Taunton, Somerset, England, and referred to as the "Clarkives." Clarke said that some of his private diaries will not be published until 30 years after his death. When asked why they were sealed, he answered "Well, there might be all sorts of embarrassing things in them."[3]
Clarke lived in Sri Lanka from 1956 until his death in 2008, having emigrated there when it was still called Ceylon, first in Unawatuna on the south coast, and then in Colombo.[32] The Sri Lankan government offered Clarke resident guest status in 1975.[37]
1974 ABC interview with Clarke in which he describes a future of ubiquitous, internet-enabled, personal computers.
In the early 1970s Clarke signed a three-book publishing deal, a record for a science-fiction writer at the time. The first of the three was Rendezvous with Rama in 1973, which won all the main genre awards[38] and spawned sequels that, with the 2001 series, formed the backbone of his later career.
In a 1974 taped interview with the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, the interviewer asked Clarke how he believed the computer would change the future for the everyday person, and what life would be like around the year 2001. Clarke accurately predicted many things that became reality, including online banking, online shopping, and other now commonplace things. Responding to a question about how the interviewer's son's life would be different, Clarke responded: "[H]e will have, in his own house, not a computer as big as this, [points to nearby computer], but at least, a console through which he can talk, through his local computer and get all the information he needs, for his everyday life, like his bank statements, his theatre reservations, all the information you need in the course of living in our complex modern society, this will be in a compact form in his own house ... and he will take it as much for granted as we take the telephone."[39]
Television series host
In the 1980s Clarke became well known to many for his television programmes Arthur C. Clarke's Mysterious World, Arthur C. Clarke's World of Strange Powers and Arthur C. Clarke's Mysterious Universe. In 1986 he was named a Grand Master by the Science Fiction Writers of America.[40] In 1988 he was diagnosed with post-polio syndrome, having originally contracted polio in 1962, and needed to use a wheelchair most of the time thereafter.[32] Clarke was for many years a Vice Patron of the British Polio Fellowship.[41]
In the 1989 Queen's Birthday Honours Clarke was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) "for services to British cultural interests in Sri Lanka".[42] The same year he became the first Chancellor of the International Space University, serving from 1989 to 2004 and he also served as Chancellor of Moratuwa University in Sri Lanka from 1979 to 2002.
In 1994, Clarke appeared in a gorillas.[43] When tantalum mining for cell phone manufacture threatened the gorillas in 2001, he lent his voice to their cause.[44]
Knighthood
On 26 May 2000 he was made a Knight Bachelor "for services to literature" at a ceremony in Colombo.[16][45] The award of a knighthood had been announced in the 1998 New Year Honours,[15][46] but investiture with the award had been delayed, at Clarke's request, because of an accusation, by the British tabloid The Sunday Mirror, of paedophilia.[47][48] The charge was subsequently found to be baseless by the Sri Lankan police.[49][50] According to The Daily Telegraph (London), the Mirror subsequently published an apology, and Clarke chose not to sue for defamation.[51][52] Clarke was then duly knighted.
Although he and his home were unharmed by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake tsunami, his "Arthur C. Clarke Diving School" at Hikkaduwa was destroyed. He made humanitarian appeals, and the Arthur C. Clarke Foundation worked towards better disaster notification systems.[53] The school has since been rebuilt.
In September 2007, he provided a video greeting for NASA's Cassini probe's flyby of Iapetus (which plays an important role in the book of 2001: A Space Odyssey).[54] In December 2007 on his 90th birthday, Clarke recorded a video message to his friends and fans bidding them good-bye.[55]
Clarke died in Sri Lanka on 19 March 2008 after suffering from respiratory failure, according to Rohan de Silva, one of his aides.[32][56][57][58] His aide described the cause as respiratory complications and heart failure stemming from post-polio syndrome.[59]
Just hours before Clarke's death, and remarkably serendipitous, a massive
A few days before he died, he had reviewed the manuscript of his final work, The Last Theorem, on which he had collaborated by e-mail with his contemporary Frederik Pohl.[61] The book was published after Clarke's death.[62] Clarke was buried in Colombo in traditional Sri Lankan fashion on 22 March. His younger brother, Fred Clarke, and his Sri Lankan adoptive family were among the thousands in attendance.[63]
While Clarke had a few stories published in fanzines, between 1937 and 1945, his first professional sale appeared in Astounding Science Fiction in 1946: "Loophole" was published in April, while "Rescue Party", his first sale, was published in May.[1] Along with his writing Clarke briefly worked as assistant editor of Science Abstracts (1949) before devoting himself in 1951 to full-time writing.
Clarke began carving out his reputation as a "scientific" science fiction writer with his first science fiction novel, Against the Fall of Night, published as a novella in 1948. It was very popular and considered ground-breaking work for some of the concepts it contained. Clarke revised and expanded the novella into a full novel which was published in 1953. Clarke would later rewrite and expand this work a third time to become The City and the Stars in 1956, which rapidly became a definitive must-read in the field. His third science fiction novel, Childhood's End was also published in 1953, cementing his popularity. Clarke capped the first phase of his writing career with his sixth novel "A Fall of Moondust" in 1961, which is also an acknowledged classic of the time period.
During this time, Clarke corresponded with C. S. Lewis in the 1940s and 1950s and they once met in an Oxford pub, The Eastgate, to discuss science fiction and space travel. Clarke voiced great praise for Lewis upon his death, saying that the Ransom trilogy was one of the few works of science fiction that should be considered literature.[64]
In 1948 he wrote "The Sentinel" for a BBC competition. Though the story was rejected, it changed the course of Clarke's career. Not only was it the basis for 2001: A Space Odyssey, but "The Sentinel" also introduced a more cosmic element to Clarke's work. Many of Clarke's later works feature a technologically advanced but still-prejudiced mankind being confronted by a superior alien intelligence. In the cases of The City and the Stars (and its original version, Against the Fall of Night), Childhood's End, and the 2001 series, this encounter produces a conceptual breakthrough that accelerates humanity into the next stage of its evolution. In Clarke's authorised biography, Neil McAleer writes that: "many readers and critics still consider [Childhood's End] Arthur C. Clarke's best novel."[29]
Almost all of his short stories can be found in the book The Collected Stories of Arthur C. Clarke (2001).
A collection of early essays was published in The View from Serendip (1977), which also included one short piece of fiction, "When the Twerms Came". Clarke also wrote short stories under the pseudonyms of E. G. O'Brien and Charles Willis.
The "Big Three"
For much of the later 20th century, Clarke, Isaac Asimov and Robert Heinlein were informally known as the "Big Three" of science fiction writers.[7] Clarke and Heinlein began writing to each other after The Exploration of Space was published in 1951, and first met in person the following year. They remained on cordial terms for many years, including visits in the United States and Sri Lanka. In 1984, Clarke testified before Congress against the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI).[65] Later, at the home of Larry Niven in California, Heinlein attacked Clarke verbally over his views on United States foreign and space policy (especially the SDI). Although the two reconciled formally, they remained distant until Heinlein's death in 1988.[29]
Clarke and Asimov first met in New York City in 1953, and they traded friendly insults and gibes for decades. They established a verbal agreement, the "Clarke–Asimov Treaty", that when asked who was best, the two would say Clarke was the best science fiction writer and Asimov was the best science writer. In 1972, Clarke put the "treaty" on paper in his dedication to Report on Planet Three and Other Speculations.[29][66]
2001 series of novels
2001: A Space Odyssey, Clarke's most famous work, was extended well beyond the 1968 movie as the Space Odyssey series. In 1982, Clarke wrote a sequel to 2001 titled 2010: Odyssey Two, which was made into a film in 1984. Clarke wrote two further sequels that have not been adapted into motion pictures: 2061: Odyssey Three (published in 1987) and 3001: The Final Odyssey (published in 1997).
2061: Odyssey Three involves a visit to Halley's Comet on its next plunge through the Inner Solar System and a spaceship crash on the Jovian moon Europa. The whereabouts of astronaut Dave Bowman (the "Star Child"), the artificial intelligence HAL 9000, and the development of native life on Europa, protected by the alien Monolith, are revealed.
Finally, in 3001: The Final Odyssey, astronaut Frank Poole's freeze-dried body is found by a spaceship beyond the orbit of Neptune is revived by advanced medical science. The novel details the threat posed to humanity by the alien monolith builders.
Clarke's first venture into film was the Stanley Kubrick directed 2001: A Space Odyssey. Kubrick and Clarke had met in New York City in 1964 to discuss the possibility of a collaborative film project. As the idea developed, they decided to loosely base the story on Clarke's short story, The Sentinel, written in 1948 as an entry in a BBC short story competition. Originally, Clarke was going to write the screenplay for the film, but Kubrick suggested during one of their brainstorming meetings that before beginning on the actual script, they should let their imaginations soar free by writing a novel first, on which they would base the film. "This is more or less the way it worked out, though toward the end, novel and screenplay were being written simultaneously, with feedback in both directions. Thus I rewrote some sections after seeing the movie rushes—a rather expensive method of literary creation, which few other authors can have enjoyed."[67] The novel ended up being published a few months after the release of the movie.
Due to the hectic schedule of the film's production, Kubrick and Clarke had difficulty collaborating on the book. Clarke completed a draft of the novel at the end of 1964 with the plan to publish in 1965 in advance of the film's release in 1966. After many delays the film was released in the spring of 1968, before the book was completed. The book was credited to Clarke alone. Clarke later complained that this had the effect of making the book into a novelisation, that Kubrick had manipulated circumstances to downplay Clarke's authorship. For these and other reasons, the details of the story differ slightly from the book to the movie. The film contains little explanation for the events taking place. Clarke, on the other hand, wrote thorough explanations of "cause and effect" for the events in the novel. James Randi later recounted that upon seeing the premiere of 2001 for the first time, Clarke left the theatre in tears, at the intermission, after having watched an eleven-minute scene (which did not make it into general release) where an astronaut is doing nothing more than jogging inside the spaceship, which was Kubrick's idea of showing the audience how boring space travels could be.[68]
In 1972, Clarke published The Lost Worlds of 2001, which included his accounts of the production, and alternate versions, of key scenes. The "special edition" of the novel A Space Odyssey (released in 1999) contains an introduction by Clarke in which he documents the events leading to the release of the novel and film.
2010: Odyssey Two
In 1982 Clarke continued the 2001 epic with a sequel, 2010: Odyssey Two. This novel was also made into a film, 2010, directed by Peter Hyams for release in 1984. Because of the political environment in America in the 1980s, the film presents a Cold War theme, with the looming tensions of nuclear warfare not featured in the novel. The film was not considered to be as revolutionary or artistic as 2001, but the reviews were still positive.
Clarke's email correspondence with Hyams was published in 1984.[69][70] Titled The Odyssey File: The Making of 2010, and co-authored with Hyams, it illustrates his fascination with the then-pioneering medium of email and its use for them to communicate on an almost daily basis at the time of planning and production of the film while living on opposite sides of the world. The book also included Clarke's personal list of the best science-fiction films ever made.
Clarke appeared in the film, first as the man feeding the pigeons while Dr. Heywood Floyd is engaged in a conversation in front of the White House. Later, in the hospital scene with David Bowman's mother, an image of the cover of Time portrays Clarke as the American President and Kubrick as the Soviet Premier.
Clarke's award-winning novel [71] The film was to be produced by Freeman's production company, Revelations Entertainment, and David Fincher has been touted on Revelations' Rama web page as far back as 2001 as the film's director.[72] After years of no progress, Fincher stated in an interview in late 2007 (in which he also credited the novel as being influential on the films Alien and Star Trek: The Motion Picture) that he is still attached to helm.[73] Revelations indicated that Stel Pavlou had written the adaptation.
In late 2008, Fincher stated the movie is unlikely to be made. "It looks like it's not going to happen. There's no script and as you know, Morgan Freeman's not in the best of health right now. We've been trying to do it but it's probably not going to happen."[74] However, in 2010 it was announced that the film was still planned for future production and both Freeman and Fincher mentioned it as still needing a worthy script.[75]
During his life Clarke published a number of non-fiction books with essays, speeches, addresses, etc. Several of his non-fiction books are composed of chapters that can stand on their own as separate essays.
In particular, Clarke was a populariser of the concept of space travel. In 1950 he wrote Interplanetary Flight, a book outlining the basics of space flight for laymen. Later books about space travel included The Exploration of Space (1951), The Challenge of the Spaceship (1959), Voices from the Sky (1965), The Promise of Space (1968, rev. ed. 1970) and Report on Planet Three (1972) among others.
His books on space travel usually included chapters about other aspects of science and technology, such as computers and bioengineering. He predicted the computer age would come—in the form of a giant, space-born macrocomputer serviced by astronauts in space suits, who would replace the computer's vacuum tubes as they burned out.[76]
His many predictions culminated in 1958 when he began a series of magazine essays that eventually became Profiles of the Future, published in book form in 1962. [77] A timetable[78] up to the year 2100 describes inventions and ideas including such things as a "global library" for 2005. The same work also contained "Clarke's First Law" and text that became Clarke's three laws in later editions.[29]
In a 1959 essay Clarke predicted global satellite TV broadcasts that would cross national boundaries indiscriminately and would bring hundreds of channels available anywhere in the world. He also envisioned a "personal transceiver, so small and compact that every man carries one." He wrote: "the time will come when we will be able to call a person anywhere on Earth merely by dialing a number." Such a device would also, in Clarke's vision, include means for global positioning so that "no one need ever again be lost." Later, in Profiles of the Future, he predicted the advent of such a device taking place in the mid-1980s.[77]
An extensive selection of Clarke's essays and book chapters (from 1934 to 1998; 110 pieces, 63 of them previously uncollected in his books) can be found in the book Greetings, Carbon-Based Bipeds! (2000), together with a new introduction and many prefatory notes. Another fine collection of essays, all previously collected, is By Space Possessed (1993). Clarke's technical papers, together with several essays and extensive autobiographical material, are collected in Ascent to Orbit: A Scientific Autobiography (1984).
The Geostationary communications satellite
Geostationary orbit
Clarke contributed to the popularity of the idea that geostationary satellites would be ideal telecommunications relays. He first described this in a letter to the editor of Wireless World in February 1945[79] and elaborated on this concept in a paper titled Extra-Terrestrial Relays – Can Rocket Stations Give Worldwide Radio Coverage?, published in Wireless World in October 1945.[80] The geostationary orbit is now sometimes known as the Clarke Orbit or the Clarke Belt in his honour.[81][82]
It is not clear that this article was actually the inspiration for the modern telecommunications satellite. According to John R. Pierce, of Bell Labs, who was involved in the Echo satellite and Telstar projects, he gave a talk upon the subject in 1954 (published in 1955), using ideas that were "in the air", but was not aware of Clarke's article at the time.[83] In an interview given shortly before his death, Clarke was asked whether he had ever suspected that one day communications satellites would become so important; he replied
I'm often asked why I didn't try to patent the idea of communications satellites. My answer is always, "A patent is really a license to be sued."[84]
Though different from Clarke's idea of telecom relay, the idea of communicating with satellites in geostationary orbit itself had been described earlier. For example, the concept of geostationary satellites was described in Hermann Oberth's 1923 book Die Rakete zu den Planetenräumen (The Rocket into Interplanetary Space) and then the idea of radio communication with those satellites in Herman Potočnik's (written under the pseudonym Hermann Noordung) 1928 book Das Problem der Befahrung des Weltraums – der Raketen-Motor (The Problem of Space Travel — The Rocket Motor), sections: Providing for Long Distance Communications and Safety[2] and (possibly referring to the idea of relaying messages via satellite, but not that 3 would be optimal) Observing and Researching the Earth's Surface published in Berlin.[85][3] Clarke acknowledged the earlier concept in his book Profiles of the Future.[86]
Undersea explorer
Clarke was an avid scuba diver and a member of the Underwater Explorers Club. In addition to writing, Clarke set up several diving-related ventures with his business partner Mike Wilson. In 1956, while scuba diving, Wilson and Clarke uncovered ruined masonry, architecture and idol images of the sunken original Koneswaram temple – including carved columns with flower insignias, and stones in the form of elephant heads – spread on the shallow surrounding seabed.[87][88] Other discoveries included Chola bronzes from the original shrine, and these discoveries were described in Clarke's 1957 book The Reefs of Taprobane.[89] In 1961, while filming off Great Basses Reef, Wilson found a wreck and retrieved silver coins. Plans to dive on the wreck the following year were stopped when Clarke developed paralysis, ultimately diagnosed as polio. A year later, Clarke observed the salvage from the shore and the surface. The ship, ultimately identified as belonging to the Mughal Emperor, Aurangzeb, yielded fused bags of silver rupees, cannons, and other artefacts, carefully documented, became the basis for The Treasure of the Great Reef.[29][90] Living in Sri Lanka and learning its history also inspired the backdrop for his novel The Fountains of Paradise in which he described a space elevator. This, he believed, would make rocket based access to space obsolete and, more than geostationary satellites, would ultimately be his scientific legacy.[91]
On religion
Themes of religion and spirituality appear in much of Clarke's writing. He said: "Any path to knowledge is a path to God—or Reality, whichever word one prefers to use."[92] He described himself as "fascinated by the concept of God". J. B. S. Haldane, near the end of his life, suggested in a personal letter to Clarke that Clarke should receive a prize in theology for being one of the few people to write anything new on the subject, and went on to say that if Clarke's writings did not contain multiple contradictory theological views, he might have been a menace.[93] When he entered the Royal Air Force, Clarke insisted that his dog tags be marked "pantheist" rather than the default, Church of England,[29] and in a 1991 essay entitled "Credo", described himself as a logical positivist from the age of ten.[93] In 2000, Clarke told the Sri Lankan newspaper, The Island, "I don't believe in God or an afterlife,"[94] and he identified himself as an atheist.[95] He was honoured as a Humanist Laureate in the International Academy of Humanism.[96] He has also described himself as a "crypto-Buddhist", insisting that Buddhism is not a religion.[97] He displayed little interest about religion early in his life, for example, only discovering a few months after marrying that his wife had strong Presbyterian beliefs.
A famous quotation of Clarke's is often cited: "One of the great tragedies of mankind is that morality has been hijacked by religion."[97] He was quoted in Popular Science in 2004 as saying of religion: "Most malevolent and persistent of all mind viruses. We should get rid of it as quick as we can."[98] In a three-day "dialogue on man and his world" with [99] In a reflection of the dialogue where he more broadly stated "mankind", his introduction to the penultimate episode of Mysterious World entitled "Strange Skies", Clarke said: "I sometimes think that the universe is a machine designed for the perpetual astonishment of astronomers." Near the very end of that same episode, the last segment of which covered the Star of Bethlehem, he stated that his favourite theory[100] was that it might be a pulsar. Given that pulsars were discovered in the interval between his writing the short story, "The Star" (1955), and making Mysterious World (1980), and given the more recent discovery of pulsar PSR B1913+16, he said: "How romantic, if even now, we can hear the dying voice of a star, which heralded the Christian era."[100]
Clarke left written instructions for a funeral that stated: "Absolutely no religious rites of any kind, relating to any religious faith, should be associated with my funeral."[101]
Paranormal phenomena
Early in his career, Clarke had a fascination with the paranormal and stated that it was part of the inspiration for his novel Childhood's End. Citing the numerous promising paranormal claims that were shown to be fraudulent, Clarke described his earlier openness to the paranormal having turned to being "an almost total sceptic" by the time of his 1992 biography.[29] During interviews, both in 1993 and 2004–2005, he stated that he did not believe in reincarnation, citing that there was no mechanism to make it possible, though he stated "I'm always paraphrasing J. B. S. Haldane: 'The universe is not only stranger than we imagine, it's stranger than we can imagine.'"[102][103] He described the idea of reincarnation as fascinating, but favoured a finite existence.[104]
Clarke was well known for his television series investigating paranormal phenomena Arthur C. Clarke's Mysterious World (1980), Arthur C. Clarke's Mysterious Universe (1985) and Arthur C. Clarke's World of Strange Powers (1994), enough to be parodied in an episode of The Goodies in which his show is cancelled after it is claimed he does not exist.
Themes, style, and influences
Clarke's work is marked by an optimistic view of science empowering mankind's exploration of the Solar System, and the world's oceans. His images of the future often feature a Utopian setting with highly developed technology, ecology, and society, based on the author's ideals.[105] His early published stories would usually feature the extrapolation of a technological innovation or scientific breakthrough into the underlying decadence of his own society.
A recurring theme in Clarke's works is the notion that the evolution of an intelligent species would eventually make them something close to gods. This was explored in his 1953 novel Childhood's End and briefly touched upon in his novel Imperial Earth. This idea of transcendence through evolution seems to have been influenced by Olaf Stapledon, who wrote a number of books dealing with this theme. Clarke has said of Stapledon's 1930 book Last and First Men that "No other book had a greater influence on my life ... [It] and its successor Star Maker (1937) are the twin summits of [Stapledon's] literary career".[106]
Awards, honours and other recognition
Clarke won more than a dozen annual literary awards for particular works of science fiction.[38]
In 1956, Clarke won a Hugo award for his short story, "The Star".[107]
Clarke won the UNESCO–Kalinga Prize for the Popularization of Science in 1961.[108]
He won the Stuart Ballantine Medal in 1963.[109]
Following the 1968 release of 2001, Clarke became much in demand as a commentator on science and technology, especially at the time of the Apollo space program. The fame of 2001 was enough to get the Command Module of the Apollo 13 craft named "Odyssey".[110]
Shared a 1969 Academy Award nomination with Stanley Kubrick in the category Best Writing, Story and Screenplay – Written Directly for the Screen for 2001: A Space Odyssey.[111]
In 1985 the Science Fiction Writers of America named him its 7th SFWA Grand Master.[112]
In 1988, he was awarded an Honorary Degree (Doctor of Letters) by the University of Bath.[113]
Readers of the British monthly Interzone voted him the all-time second best science fiction author in 1988–1989.[38]
He received a CBE in 1989,[42] and was knighted in 2000.[15][45][46] Clarke's health did not allow him to travel to London to receive the latter honour personally from the Queen, so the United Kingdom's High Commissioner to Sri Lanka invested him as a Knight Bachelor at a ceremony in Colombo.[16]
In 1994, Clarke was nominated for a Nobel Peace Prize by law professor Glenn Reynolds.[114]
The Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame inducted Clarke in 1997, its second class of two deceased and two living persons. Among the living, Clarke and Andre Norton followed A. E. van Vogt and Jack Williamson.[115]
In 2000, he was named a Distinguished Supporter of the British Humanist Association.[116]
The 2001 Mars Odyssey orbiter is named in honour of Clarke's works.
In 2003, Clarke was awarded the Telluride Tech Festival Award of Technology, where he appeared on stage via a 3-D hologram with a group of old friends that included Jill Tarter, Neil Armstrong, Lewis Branscomb, Charles Townes, Freeman Dyson, Bruce Murray, and Scott Brown.
In 2004, Clarke won the Heinlein Award for outstanding achievement in hard or science-oriented science fiction.[117]
On 14 November 2005 Sri Lanka awarded Clarke its highest civilian award, the Sri Lankabhimanya (The Pride of Sri Lanka), for his contributions to science and technology and his commitment to his adopted country.[17]
Clarke was the Honorary Board Chair of the Wernher von Braun.
Named for Clarke
Arthur C. Clarke Awards for science fiction writing, awarded annually at the United Kingdom.
In 1986, Clarke provided a grant to fund the prize money (initially £1,000) for the Arthur C. Clarke Award for the best science fiction novel published in the United Kingdom in the previous year. In 2001 the prize was increased to £2001, and its value now matches the year (e.g., £2005 in 2005).
Sir Arthur Clarke Award, for achievements in space, awarded annually in the United Kingdom.
In 2005 he lent his name to the inaugural Sir Arthur Clarke Awards—dubbed the "Space Oscars". His brother attended the awards ceremony, and presented an award specially chosen by Arthur (and not by the panel of judges who chose the other awards) to the British Interplanetary Society.
Arthur C. Clarke Foundation awards: "Arthur C. Clarke Innovator's Award" and "Arthur C. Clarke Lifetime Achievement Award"[118]
The Sir Arthur C. Clarke Memorial Trophy Inter School Astronomy Quiz Competition, held in Sri Lanka every year and organised by the Astronomical Association of Ananda College, Colombo. The competition first started in 2001 as "The Sir Arthur C. Clarke Trophy Inter School Astronomy Quiz Competition" and was later renamed after his death.[119][120]
An asteroid was named in Clarke's honour, 4923 Clarke (the number was assigned prior to, and independently of, the name – 2001, however appropriate, was unavailable, having previously been assigned to Albert Einstein).
A species of ceratopsian dinosaur, discovered in Inverloch in Australia, was named after Clarke, Serendipaceratops arthurcclarkei.
The Learning Resource Centre at Richard Huish College, Taunton, which Clarke attended when it was Huish Grammar School, is named after him.
Clarke was a distinguished vice-president of the H. G. Wells Society, being strongly influenced by Wells as a science-fiction writer.
Arthur C. Clarke Institute for Modern Technologies, one of the major research institutes in Sri Lanka is named after him.
The main protagonist of the Dead Space series of video games, Isaac Clarke, takes his surname from Arthur C. Clarke, and his given name from Clarke's friendly rival and associate, Isaac Asimov.
A proposed outer-circular orbital beltway in Colombo, Sri Lanka is to be named 'Arthur C. Clarke Expressway' in honour of Clarke.[121][122]
'The Clarke Event' is a proposed name for GRB 080319B, a gamma-ray burst detected just hours before Clarke's death that set a new record for the most intrinsically bright object ever observed by humans in the universe. The name would honor Clarke and his award-winning short story "The Star".
Against the Fall of Night (1948, 1953) original version of The City and the Stars
The Sands of Mars (1951)
Childhood's End (1953)
The City and the Stars (1956)
The Deep Range (1957)
A Fall of Moondust (1961)
Glide Path (1963)
2001: A Space Odyssey (film with Stanley Kubrick) (1968)
Rendezvous with Rama (1972) (Nebula Award winner, 1973;[123] Hugo Award winner, 1974[124])
Imperial Earth (1976)
The Fountains of Paradise (1979) (Hugo Award winner, 1979;[125] and Nebula Award winner, 1980[126])
2010: Odyssey Two (1982)
The Songs of Distant Earth (1986)
2061: Odyssey Three (1987)
The Hammer of God (1993)
3001: The Final Odyssey (1997)
A Time Odyssey (2003, 2005, 2007) a series of three novels
The Nine Billion Names of God (1953)
Expedition to Earth (1953)
Reach for Tomorrow (1956)
Tales from the White Hart (1957)
The Other Side of the Sky (1958)
Tales of Ten Worlds (1962)
The Wind from the Sun (1972)
The Best Of Arthur C. Clarke 1937-1955 (1982)
The Collected Stories of Arthur C. Clarke (2001)
Interplanetary Flight: an introduction to astronautics. London: Temple Press, ISBN 0-425-06448-4, 1950
The Exploration of Space, New York: Harper & Brothers, 1951
The Exploration of the Moon, with R. A. Smith, New York: Harper Brothers, 1954
The Coast of Coral (1955)
Voice Across the Sea. New York: Harper, 1958
Profiles of the Future: An Inquiry Into the Limits of the Possible (1962)
Voices from the Sky: Previews of the Coming Space Age. New York: Harper & Row, 1965
The Promise of Space (1968)
The View From Serendip, Random House, ISBN 0-394-41796-8, 1977
Astounding Days: A Science Fictional Autobiography. London: Gollancz, 1989
How the World Was One: Beyond the Global Village, Bantam. ISBN 0-553-07440-7. 1992
Greetings, Carbon-Based Bipeds! : Collected Works 1934–1998. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999
^ ISFDB catalogues one "Letter" to Amazing Stories published in 1935, ten more nonfiction items ("Essays") published 1938 to 1945, and five "Shortfiction" published 1937 to 1942.[2]
^ Full text: "Providing for Long Distance Communications and Safety". Archived from the original on 14 January 2009. Retrieved 23 December 2008.
^ Full text: "Observing and Researching the Earth's Surface". Archived from the original on 14 January 2009. Retrieved 23 December 2008.
^ "Arthur C. Clarke". Books and Writers (Pegasos (kirjasto.sci.fi, Finland)). 2003. Archived from the original on 6 March 2008. Retrieved 18 March 2008.
^ a b "Arthur C. Clarke – Summary Bibliography". (ISFDB). Retrieved 2 April 2013. Select a title to see its linked publication history and general information. Select a particular edition (title) for more data at that level, such as a front cover image or linked contents.
^ a b Man on the moon
^ "Arthur C. Clarke". NNDB. Retrieved 5 February 2011.
^ Ranked #15 by the
^ Ranked #6 by the
^ a b "The Big Three and the Clarke–Asimov Treaty". wireclub.com. Retrieved 20 September 2014.
^ Clarke, Arthur C. (October 1945). "Extra-Terrestrial Relays". Wireless World (Iliffe and sons, Ltd.) 51 (10): 305-308.
^ "Arthur C. Clarke". The Franklin Institute. Retrieved 25 October 2014.
^ "Arthur C Clarke nominated for Nobel". Moon Miners' Manifesto (Artemis Society International) (#92). February 1996.
^ Benford, G. (2008). "Obituary: Arthur C. Clarke (1917–2008)". Nature 452 (7187): 546–546.
^ Reddy, John (April 1969). "Arthur Clarke: Prophet of the Space Age". Reader's Digest 9 (564).
^ "Remembering Arthur C. Clarke". Retrieved 27 March 2008.
^ Mintowt-Czyz, Lech and Bird, Steve (18 March 2008) Science fiction author Arthur C. Clarke dies aged 90 at the Wayback Machine (archived May 14, 2009) The Times Online.
^ a b c "The new knight of science fiction". BBC News (BBC). 1 January 1998. Retrieved 26 August 2009.
^ a b c "Arthur C Clarke knighted". BBC News (BBC). 26 May 2000. Retrieved 26 August 2009.
^ a b Government Notification—National Honours at the Wayback Machine (archived July 24, 2010), November 2005. Retrieved 20 October 2008
^ The London Gazette: no. 34321. p. 5798. 8 September 1936. Retrieved 19 March 2008.
^ The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 36089. pp. 3162–3163. 9 July 1943. Retrieved 19 March 2008.
^ The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 36271. p. 5289. 30 November c1943. Retrieved 19 March 2008.
^ "Sir Arthur C Clarke 1917–2008". News archive 2008. Kings College London. Retrieved 11 March 2011.
^ Journal of the British Interplanetary Society Vol 6 (1946)
^ Parkinson, B. (2008) (Ed.)'Interplanetary – A History of the British Interplanetary Society', p.93
^ "Arthur C. Clarke Extra Terrestrial Relays". Archived from the original on 5 February 2007. Retrieved 8 February 2007.
^ "Peacetime Uses for V2" (JPG). Wireless World. February 1945. Archived from the original on 15 March 2007. Retrieved 8 February 2007.
^ "Extra-Terrestrial Relays Can Rocket Stations Give World-wide Radio Coverage?". Wireless World. October 1945. Archived from the original on 7 November 2006. Retrieved 8 February 2007.
^ "Clarke Foundation Biography". Archived from the original on 25 July 2011. Retrieved 19 March 2008.
^ Arthur C Clarke – a quick summary
^ a b c d e f g h i McAleer, Neil. "Arthur C. Clarke: The Authorized Biography", Contemporary Books, Chicago, 1992. ISBN 0-8092-3720-2
^ Full dedication reads: "To the still unfading memory of LESLIE EKANAYAKE (13 JuIy 1947 – 4 July 1977) only perfect friend of a lifetime, in whom were uniquely combined Loyalty, Intelligence and Compassion. When your radiant and loving spirit vanished from this world, the light went out of many lives."
^ Baxter, John (1997). Stanley Kubrick: A Biography. New York: Carroll & Graff. p. 203.
^ a b c d Jonas, Gerald (18 March 2008). "Arthur C. Clarke, Premier Science Fiction Writer, Dies at 90.". New York Times. Archived from the original on 20 March 2008. Retrieved 19 March 2008. Arthur C. Clarke, a writer whose seamless blend of scientific expertise and poetic imagination helped usher in the space age, died early Wednesday in Colombo, Sri Lanka, where he had lived since 1956. He was 90. He had battled debilitating post-polio syndrome for years.
^ Michael Moorcock (22 March 2008). "Brave New Worlds". The Guardian (London). Retrieved 25 August 2008.
^ NNDB page on Clarke
^ magazinePlayboyClarke's interview in at the Wayback Machine (archived June 6, 2011)
^ "In honor of Sir Arthur C. Clarke". Retrieved 18 March 2008.
^ "Sir Arthur Clarke dies at age 90". Arthur Clark Foundation. 19 March 2012. Archived from the original on 2008-05-09. Retrieved 21 March 2012.
^ a b c "Clarke, Arthur C." The Locus Index to SF Awards: Index of Literary Nominees. Locus Publications. Retrieved 24 March 2013.
^ Arthur C. Clarke Predicts the Internet & PC on YouTube
^ SFWA Grand Masters at the Wayback Machine (archived June 5, 2011)
^ British Polio Fellowship – Home
^ a b The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 51772. p. 16. 16 June 1989. Retrieved 19 March 2008.
^ "Gorilla Organization mourns loss of patron Sir Arthur C Clarke – a true champion for gorillas". London: Gorilla Organization. 27 March 2008. Retrieved 5 May 2010.
^ Campaign for gorilla-friendly mobiles - News - This is London at the Wayback Machine (archived June 5, 2011)
^ a b Letters Patent were issued by Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom on 16 March 2000 to authorise this. (see The London Gazette: no. 55796. p. 3167. 21 March 2000. Retrieved 19 March 2008.)
^ a b The London Gazette: (Supplement) no. 54993. p. 2. 30 December 1997. Retrieved 19 March 2008.
^ It doesn't do any harm ... most of the damage comes from fuss made. Sunday Mirror, 1 February 1998 Retrieved 24 March 2008
^ Smirk of a pervert and a liar., Sunday Mirror, 8 February 1998 Retrieved 24 March 2008
^ "Sci-fi novelist cleared of sex charges". BBC News. 6 April 1998. Retrieved 11 February 2008.
^ "Child sex file could close on sci-fi writer". Irish Examiner. Archived from the original on 29 June 2011. Retrieved 19 March 2007.
^ "Sir Arthur C Clarke". The Daily Telegraph (London). 20 March 2008. Archived from the original on 26 March 2008. Retrieved 27 March 2008.
^ Timesonline.co.uk
^ Sir Arthur C. Clarke (February 2005). "Letter from Sri Lanka". Wired. 13.02 (San Francisco: Condé Nast).
^ Video greeting to NASA JPL by Arthur C. Clarke. Retrieved 24 September 2007
^ "Sir Arthur C Clarke 90th Birthday reflections". 10 December 2007. Retrieved 22 February 2008.
^ Writer Arthur C Clarke dies at 90, BBC News, 18 March 2008
^ Sci-fi guru Arthur C. Clarke dies at 90, MSNBC, 18 March 2008
^ "Arthur C. Clarke: The Wired Words".
^ Gardner, Simon (19 March 2008). "Sci-fi guru Arthur C. Clarke dies at 90". Reuters India. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
^ a b "NASA Satellite Detects Naked-Eye Explosion Halfway Across Universe". NASA. March 21, 2008. Retrieved 2008-03-21.
^ Pohl, Frederik (5 January 2009). "Sir Arthur and I". The Way the Future Blogs. Archived from the original on 23 January 2009. Retrieved 22 January 2009.
^ "Last odyssey for sci-fi guru Arthur C. Clarke". Agence France-Presse. 18 March 2008. Retrieved 6 February 2010. Just a few days before he died, Clarke reviewed the final manuscript of his latest novel, "The Last Theorem" co-written with American author Frederik Pohl, which is to be published later this year.
^ "Sci-fi writer Clarke laid to rest". BBC. 22 March 2008. Archived from the original on 25 March 2008. Retrieved 22 March 2008.
^ "C.S. Lewis and Arthur C. Clarke". Shawn Small Stories. Retrieved 1 September 2013.
^ The Hard SF Renaissance David G. Hartwell and Kathryn Cramer 2002 novel text/html ISBN 0-312-71129-8 PDF en None None Copyright 2002 by David G. Hartwell and Kathryn Cramer
^ Edward Seiler and John H. Jenkins (1994–2009). "Isaac Asimov FAQ". Isaac Asimov Home Page. Retrieved 26 January 2010.
^ McLellan, Dennis (19 March 2008). "'"Arthur C. Clarke, 90; scientific visionary, acclaimed writer of '2001: A Space Odyssey. Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011.
^ "Randi shares some stories regarding his friend Arthur C. Clarke and compares Stanley Kubrick to Steve Jobs". Archived from the original on 30 April 2008. Retrieved 24 April 2008.
^ Arthur C. Clarke and Peter Hyams. The Odyssey File. Ballantine Books, 1984.
^ .The Odyssey FileExcerpt from
^ "Rama– March 14, 2012.00.film "Freeman Still Pushes . Sci Fi Wire – The News Service of the Sci Fi Channel. 14 March 2003. Archived from the original on 11 April 2008. Retrieved 11 October 2010.
^ "Rendezvous with Rama". Revelations Entertainment Web site. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011. Retrieved 7 March 2009.
^ "David Fincher and Quint talk about everything from A(lien3) to Z(odiac)!!!".
^ Alex Billington (13 October 2008). "David Fincher's Rendezvous with Rama Officially Dead". firstshowing.net. Archived from the original on 1 March 2009. Retrieved 7 March 2009.
^ Weintraub, Steve 'Frosty' (30 December 2010). "David Fincher Exclusive Interview! Talks SOCIAL NETWORK, DRAGON TATTOO, 20,000 LEAGUES, Editing, How He Makes Movies, More". Retrieved 5 January 2011.
^ edited by Ann Darrin, Beth L. O'Leary. CRC Press, Jun 26, 2009. Page 604.Handbook of Space Engineering, Archaeology, and Heritage
^ a b Profiles of the Future (1962, rev. eds. 1973, 1983, and 1999, Millennium edition with a new preface)
^ "Chart of the Future". Archived from the original on 24 February 2007. Retrieved 8 February 2007.
^ 'Clarke, A. C. (1945) V2 for Ionosphere Research? Wireless World, (February), p. 45
^ "Extra-Terrestrial Relays – Can Rocket Stations Give Worldwide Radio Coverage?". Arthur C. Clarke. October 1945. Archived from the original on 18 March 2009. Retrieved 4 March 2009.
^ "Basics of Space Flight Section 1 Part 5, Geostationary Orbits". NASA. Retrieved 13 July 2010.
^ Earl, Michael A. (9 January 2006). "A sea of satellite dishes". The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. Retrieved 13 July 2010.
^ "Final Thoughts from Sir Arthur C. Clarke". March 2008. Retrieved 17 September 2010.
^ Kelso, Dr. T. S. (1 May 1998). "Basics of the Geostationary Orbit". Satellite Times. Archived from the original on 3 February 2007. Retrieved 8 February 2007.
^ Clarke, Arthur C. (1984). Profiles of the Future: An Inquiry Into the Limits of the Possible. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Wilson. pp. 205n.
^ E Greig, Doreen (1987). "The reluctant colonists: Netherlanders abroad in the 17th and 18th centuries". USA: Assen, The Netherlands ; Wolfeboro, NH, USA. p. 227.
^ "Expedition in the waters of Ceylon".
^ Clarke, Arthur C. (1957). The Reefs of Taprobane; Underwater Adventures around Ceylon. New York:
^ Personal e-mail from Sir Arthur Clarke to Jerry Stone, Director of the Sir Arthur Clarke Awards, 1 November 2006
^ Mintowt-Czyz, Lech (19 March 2008). "Sir Arthur C. Clarke: The Times obituary". The Times (London). Retrieved 6 August 2008.
^ a b Clarke, Arthur C. (1999) [1991]. "Credo". Greetings, Carbon-Based Bipeds!. First appearing in Living Philosophies, Clifton Fadiman, ed. (Doubleday). New York: St. Martin's Griffin. pp. 358–363.
^ Midwee01
^ "... Stanley [Kubrick] is a Jew and I'm an atheist". Clarke quoted in Jeromy Agel (Ed.) (1970). The Making of Kubrick's 2001: p.306
^ The International Academy Of Humanism at the web site of the Council for Secular Humanism. Retrieved 18 October 2007.
^ a b Cherry, Matt (1999). "God, Science, and Delusion: A Chat With Arthur C. Clarke".
^ Matthew, Teague (1 August 2004). "Childhood's End: A too-brief encounter with Arthur C. Clarke, the grand old man of science-fiction visionaries". Popular Science.
^ Clarke, Arthur C.;
^ a b "Mysterious world strange skies 3 of 3". YouTube. Retrieved 6 August 2008.
^ "TIME Quotes of the Day". Time. 19 March 2008. Archived from the original on 24 March 2008. Retrieved 20 March 2008.
^ José Cordeiro (July–August 2008). "The Futurist Interviews Sir. Arthur C. Clarke" 42 (4). Bethesda, Maryland: World Future Society.
^ Andrew Robinson (10 October 1997). "The cosmic godfather". Times Higher Education (London: TSL Education Ltd.).
^ Guy Riddihough, Review of The City and the Stars in Science , (4 July 2008) Vol. 321. no. 5885, pp. 42 – 43 doi:10.1126/science.1161705: What marks the book out are Clarke's sweeping vistas, grand ideas, and ultimately optimistic view of humankind's future in the cosmos.
^ "Arthur C. Clarke Quotes". Archived from the original on 23 January 2007. Retrieved 8 February 2007.
^ 1956 Hugo Awards
^ Summary List of UNESCO Prizes: List of Prizewinners, p. 12
^ "Franklin Laureate Database". Archived from the original on 29 May 2010. Retrieved 6 May 2010.
^ Peebles, Curtis. "Names of US manned spacecraft". Spaceflight, Vol. 20, 2, Fev. 1978. Spaceflight. Retrieved 6 August 2008.
^ Arthur C. Clarke – Awards
^ "Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master". Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America (SFWA). Retrieved 24 March 2013.
^ Honorary Graduates 1966 to 1988, University of Bath
^ Burns, John F. "Colombo Journal; A Nonfiction Journey to a More Peaceful World" New York Times, 28 November 1994
^ "Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame". Mid American Science Fiction and Fantasy Conventions, Inc. Retrieved 24 March 2013. This was the official website of the hall of fame to 2004.
^ Iain Thomson (19 March 2008). "Sir Arthur C Clarke dies". Information World Reviews. Oxford: VNU Business Publications.
^ "Sir Arthur Clarke Named Recipient of 2004 Heinlein Award" (Press release). 22 May 2004. Archived from the original on 22 June 2009. Retrieved 20 June 2009.
^ "Awards | The Arthur C. Clarke Foundation". Clarkefoundation.org. 2014-08-12. Retrieved 2014-08-18.
^ "Arthur C. Clarke Memorial Trophy Interschool Astronomy Quiz Competition Article copied from: http://www.skylk.com/index.php?option=com_eventlist&view=details&id=12:arthur-c-clarke-memorial-trophy-interschool-astronomy-quiz-competition#ixzz1PdKwOVlj Under Creative Commons License: Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives This and more astronomy related articles on SkyLk.com". SKYLk. Retrieved 18 June 2011.
^ Sir Arthur C Clarke Quiz Competition 2011, link retrieved 21 June 2011.
^ A Speedy and safe journey to Galle
^ First phase opens in August
^ "1973 Award Winners & Nominees". Worlds Without End. Retrieved 30 June 2009.
By Arthur C. Clarke
Resources in your library
Resources in other libraries
Biography and criticism
Sir Arthur C. Clarke biography at the Science Fiction and Fantasy Hall of Fame
Arthur C. Clarke (1917–2008) International Astronautical Federation
Bibliography and works
Arthur C. Clarke at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
Arthur C. Clarke at Goodreads
Arthur C. Clarke at the Internet Book List
Arthur C. Clarke at the Internet Movie Database
Sir Arthur C Clarke: 90th Birthday Reflections on YouTube
Arthur C. Clarke 31 word short story on Letters of Note
Works by Arthur C. Clarke at Open Library
"Sir Arthur C. Clarke".
"Arthur C. Clarke and Gentry Lee". Official transcript,
The Arthur C. Clarke Foundation at the Wayback Machine (archived July 25, 2011)
Prelude to Space
The Sands of Mars
Islands in the Sky
Earthlight
The Deep Range
A Fall of Moondust
Imperial Earth
The Songs of Distant Earth
The Ghost from the Grand Banks
The Hammer of God
Richter 10 (with Mike McQuay)
The Trigger (with Michael Kube-McDowell)
The Light of Other Days (with Stephen Baxter)
The Last Theorem (with Frederik Pohl)
2061: Odyssey Three
3001: The Final Odyssey
The Lost Worlds of 2001
Rama series
Rama II
The Garden of Rama
Rama Revealed
A Time Odyssey
Time's Eye
Firstborn
Vanamonde series
Against the Fall of Night
The City and the Stars
Beyond the Fall of Night
Expedition to Earth
Reach for Tomorrow
Tales from the White Hart
The Other Side of the Sky
Tales of Ten Worlds
The Nine Billion Names of God
Of Time and Stars
The Wind from the Sun
The Best of Arthur C. Clarke
Tales from Planet Earth
More Than One Universe
The Collected Stories of Arthur C. Clarke
Interplanetary Flight: An Introduction to Astronautics
The View from Serendip
The Odyssey File: The Making of 2010
How the World Was One: Beyond the Global Village
An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural
2001: A Space Odyssey (film)
2001: A Space Odyssey (comics)
Rendezvous with Rama (video game)
The Songs of Distant Earth (album)
Rama (video game)
Serendipaceratops
Sir Arthur Clarke Award
Arthur C. Clarke Award
Clarke's three laws
Arthur C. Clarke's Mysterious World
Arthur C. Clarke's World of Strange Powers
Arthur C. Clarke's Mysterious Universe
GRB 080319B
Arthur C. Clarke Institute for Modern Technologies
Arthur C. Clarke's The Space Odyssey series
The Original Project of 2001: A Space Odyssey
The Lost Worlds of 2001 (1972)
"The Sentinel" (written 1948, first published 1951 as "Sentinel of Eternity")
"Encounter in the Dawn" (first published 1953)
Discovery One
List of spacecraft
Clavius Base
Ganymede City
Monoliths
Interpretations of 2001: A Space Odyssey
Technologies in 2001: A Space Odyssey
2001: A Space Odyssey soundtrack
Alex North's 2001: A Space Odyssey score
Machine Man
Poole versus HAL 9000 (chess game)
EngvarB from April 2014
Use dmy dates from April 2014
Articles with inconsistent citation formats
VIAF not on Wikidata
Alumni of King's College London
British underwater divers
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Deaths from respiratory failure
Early spaceflight scientists
English agnostics
English atheists
English essayists
English expatriates
English humanists
English inventors
English sceptics
English science fiction writers
Fellows of King's College London
Futurologists
Hugo Award winning writers
Kalinga Prize recipients
Knights Bachelor
LGBT people from England
Critics of religions
Nebula Award winners
People from Minehead
Royal Air Force officers
Royal Air Force personnel of World War II
Science Fiction Hall of Fame inductees
Search for extraterrestrial intelligence
SFWA Grand Masters
Space advocates
Sri Lankan writers
People with poliomyelitis
20th-century British novelists
21st-century British novelists
LGBT writers from England
Gay writers
Orbit, Moon, Equator, Mars, Goes
Ursula K. Le Guin, Arthur C. Clarke, Hainish Cycle, Chinese language, Frank Herbert


text:
Review: ASO deftly dispatches tricky Mahler symphony
Cellist Steven Isserlis performs Schumann's cello concerto with the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra. CONTRIBUTED BY JEFF ROFFMAN
Life | Nov 10, 2017
By Jon Ross
Exultant trumpets and swirling strings herald the beginning of the end, an ensemble-wide crescendo, starting at the softest dynamics, as the ensemble revs up toward the final timpani hammer blow. In Mahler's Seventh Symphony, the first movement's concluding phrases certainly sound like a triumphant ending to a wide-ranging but succinct piece of Romantic dynamism. But the musicians have barely scratched the surface — slightly less than an hour of music remains.
Thursday night at Symphony Hall, the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra, led by Music Director Robert Spano, tackled what is probably the most divisive and confusing Mahler symphony. Listeners, critics and musicians have been split on the inherent value of the composition. Taken as a whole, Mahler's 77-minute work begs to be carefully considered and analyzed, instead of offering instant gratification amazements.
Mahler's first movement of music, which is infused with a propulsive energy, works almost as a numbing agent. The music is at turns ominous and dark, spread across the ensemble in intricate musical passages that function together in lock step. Not one note can be out of place, one entrance missed, and Spano kept careful watch over the sprawling orchestra, maintaining the delicate balance. By the final forte blast, the senses are somewhat dulled from overstimulation.
The innermost three movements, which Mahler gave "night music" programmatic titles, feel darker, nearly sinister. One glaring issue with some performances of the Mahler symphony is that conductors don't know where to go after the awesome power of the first movement gives way to a subdued, almost inert opening to the second. Spano and company worked hard to give the three inner movements energy and enthusiasm.
Like the first, Mahler wrote the final movement as almost a piece unto itself. The robust violin section, led by concertmaster David Coucheron, began the movement at full volume, navigating intricate phrases, backed by thunder-like timpani cracks. The music quickly became disorienting due to abrupt changes in meter and feel, but the musicians handled these quick, out-of-nowhere alterations with no issue. For the listener, these shifts can come across as disorienting; it's hard to find solid ground in relation to the beat.
While Mahler's Seventh required some thinking and processing, Schumann's cello concerto, performed by guest artist Steven Isserlis on the first half of Thursday's program, was a visceral joy. A theatrical player, Isserlis wore this joy on his face and in his movements — at one break in the action, he even looked over at Coucheron with a "How lucky are we?" glance.
There's a delicious harshness to his low notes, with his percussive attack giving the music a sandpaper grit. As he ascends, this grit washes away, but the depth and broadness remain. His tone is disarming — warm and inviting but with a taut, astringent edge.
For an encore, Isserlis chose an unaccompanied, introspective arrangement of "Song of the Birds" by Pablo Casals, which is based on a Catalan folk song. Isserlis cradled the simple melody, accented by vaporous arpeggios, with an exquisite tenderness. This was the polar opposite of his fiery, virtuosic Schumann performance, but it was no less impassioned or brilliant. The ASO on Thursday buffeted its ranks with myriad musicians for the highly publicized, and brilliant, Mahler, but in that simple encore, Isserlis stole the show.
8 p.m. Nov. 9. Additional performance at 8 p.m. Nov. 11. $42-$107. Symphony Hall, 1280 Peachtree St. N.E., Atlanta. 404-733-5000, www.atlantasymphony.org.
IN OTHER MUSIC NEWS:
Sugarland reunited to play for the first time in five years on Nov. 8, 2017.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Information Systems Development for Decentralized Organizations
Information Systems Development for Decentralized Organizations pp 168-183 | Cite as
Realization of a decentralized IS-strategy
K. Axelsson
Part of the IFIP — The International Federation for Information Processing book series (IFIPAICT)
Today almost all organizations are dependent on information technology. It is therefore of great importance to structure the information systems in a satisfying way. Different strategies for structuring information systems, in order to create an information systems architecture, have been used for several years. This paper discusses an IS-strategy that enables each business function in a decentralized organization to co-operate with other functions, without losing their autonomy. The IS-strategy could be described as an activity-based, functional approach. Three case studies in different organizations, with the strategy in common, have been conducted. Experiences of success and failure with the strategy realization in these organizations are presented and analysed in the paper. The conclusions show that the IS-strategy can give a substantial support to decentralized organizations. To achieve this result user participation during system development can not be disregarded. Otherwise, problems with the distribution of responsibility for the information systems almost inevitably occur. In decentralized organizations it is of greatest importance to take such problems into serious consideration.
Decentralization information systems information systems strategy information systems architecture case studies responsibility user participation
Download to read the full chapter text
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Mumford, E. (1984) Participation - From Aristotle to today, in Beyond productivity: Information systems development for organizational effectiveness (ed. T. Bemelmans ), North-Holland, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Opdahl, A.L. and Andersen, E.S. (1994) A Metamodel for IS-Architecture Representation (draft paper). University of Bergen.Google Scholar
Patton, M.Q. (1990) Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods. Sage Publications, Newbury Park.Google Scholar
Pettersson, K. and Goldkuhl, G. (1993) A Comparison between two Strategies for Information Systems Architectures. Presented at Sundsvall 42, 1993, LiTH-IDA-R-94–08, Department of Computer and Information Science, Linköping University.Google Scholar
Pettersson, K. (1994) Informationssystemstrukturering, ansvarsfördelning och användarinflytande - En komparativ studie med utgângspunkt i tvâ informationssystemstrategier. Licentiate Thesis no FHS 4/94, Department of Computer and Information Science, Linköping University (in Swedish).Google Scholar
Strauss, A. and Corbin, J. (1990) Basics of Qualitative Research - Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques. Sage Publications, Newbury Park.Google Scholar
Woolfe, R. (1989) Managing information systems in a decentralised business. Butler Cox Foundation.Google Scholar
Zachman, J.A. (1978) The Information Systems Management System: A New Framework for Planning. DATABASE, Winter 1978.Google Scholar
© Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 1995
1.Department of Computer and Information ScienceLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
Axelsson K. (1995) Realization of a decentralized IS-strategy. In: Sölvberg A., Krogstie J., Seltveit A.H. (eds) Information Systems Development for Decentralized Organizations. IFIP — The International Federation for Information Processing. Springer, Boston, MA
Publisher Name Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN 978-1-4757-5491-9


A seemingly plain stool with a rectangular plywood seating surface and steel pipe legs. 2 of the 4 legs have been cut off from under the seating surface, hence creating a visual effect where the seat looks like it is simply floating in the air. By utilizing the structure of the cantilever that only supports the back legs a cushiony feel has been given, with the intent to provide a varied comfortable seating experience.


text:
The Family team at Mullis & Peake LLP Solicitors has recently doubled in size to reflect continued success and demand for services in this area. Our family team is hugely experienced and is able to advise on a wide range of legal issues that affect couples and families. We are dedicated to each individual client, providing a sympathetic yet pragmatic approach, offering a meticulous and efficient service tailored to each personal situation.
The team is headed by Roisin McCorry, who has over 30 years' experience and specialises in dealing with complex financial claims including businesses, executive pensions and contingent assets such as share options. Within the area, Roisin is renowned for her instinctive judgement and formidable negotiation skills with a warm and friendly approach whilst achieving the best possible outcome for all clients. Roisin's breadth of knowledge means she can confidently advise on all issues in relation to family legal work. Roisin regularly represents her clients in courts in London and Essex.
Angela Sharma has over 20 years' experience in all areas of family law, with her level of expertise within the field, Angela undertakes her own advocacy so as to provide a complete service to the client. Angela has an interest in financial disputes not only for married couples but also in the settlement of pre and post marital agreements and cohabitation disputes for unmarried couples. Angela has thorough attention to detail and is known for giving robust, firm and fair advice. As a member of resolution Angela prides herself as being non-confrontational and sympathetic to serve the client's needs.
Jessica Thrower has 11 years' experience as a specialised family solicitor with a breadth of knowledge in all aspects of family law. Jessica's passion and enthusiasm for each individual case ensures timely and cost effective advice. In the event that the matter should need court intervention then Jessica also has a keen interest in advocacy. Adding to the teams overall strengths, Jessica is an experienced mediator, she can support parties' to bridge their differences and attempt to reach sensible compromises.
Jenny Waite joined Mullis & Peake in 2007 and works within our Family Departments as a Paralegal. She covers a wide range of family matters, such as divorce, domestic violence and property and financial settlements, however she specialises in cases involving the welfare of children.
We understand that family disputes and conflicts can be a difficult and emotionally charged time and at Mullis & Peake LLP Solicitors, we respond with expert, cost-effective guidance which delivers the best possible solution to the issues in your case.
We offer a comprehensive service in all aspects of relationship breakdowns including:
Financial Claims for Property and maintenance
Pre-marital (pre-nuptial) Settlements
Mediation in relation to all family disputes
Pensions on Divorce
Domestic Violence (injunctions)
All aspects of the law in relation to Children;
Parental Responsibility
Specific issue orders
Prohibited steps orders
Emergency issues
Financial provisions for children
Surrogacy and parental agreements
Abduction and removal from jurisdiction
We offer a free consultation of up to 40 minutes for new clients in the family department. Please call 01708 784000 to book an appointment.
Evening Consultations
We can facilitate evening appointments on Tuesdays and Thursdays at 5.00pm and 6.00pm in our Romford. Please telephone 01708 784000 to book your appointment.
We are pleased to announce that we can offer to see clients, by appointment only, outside office hours in Shenfield. Please telephone 01277 245 015 to book your appointment.
Roisin McCorry
Email: Roisin Email me
Divorce law changes set to to stop the blame game
After many years of campaigning by family lawyers and others, a review has accepted that irretrievable breakdown of marriage is sufficient to prove and enable married couples to secure a divorce.
When looking at separation, it's important to weigh up all of your options. Mediation could be a good option for you for multiple reasons. Read more.


text:
Las elecciones presidenciales de Estados Unidos de 1948 dieron al presidente Harry S. Truman un segundo mandato presidencial, tras suceder al fallecido presidente Franklin D. Roosevelt el 12 de abril de 1945.

Esta elección es recordada por su desarrollo y resultados finales. Truman estaba lidiando con un panorama bastante complicado tanto dentro como fuera de Estados Unidos: Una alta inflación y el racionamiento alimenticio estaban afectando a los hogares estadounidenses mientras que una serie de paros industriales hizo surgir nuevos temores frente al comunismo y la Unión Soviética, cuya influencia estaba complicando los planes estadounidenses en pos de reconstruir una Europa devastada por la guerra.

Frente a este panorama, los republicanos nominaron por segunda vez a Thomas E. Dewey, quien prontamente se convirtió en el favorito a la Casa Blanca. Mientras tanto, los demócratas se dividieron en tres facciones irreconciliables: Si bien la mayoría del partido apoyó al Jefe de Estado, los grupos más conservadores postularon a Strom Thurmond, defensor de la segregación racial. Por su parte, los sectores más izquierdistas levantaron la candidatura del exvicepresidente Henry A. Wallace.

Pese a estas dificultades, y el hecho de que su presidencia era vista como un fracaso, la agresiva y desafiante campaña de Truman resultó ser la ganadora, dejando sorprendido a todo el mundo. La primera edición del diario Chicago Tribune para el día siguiente tuvo como titular "Dewey Defeats Truman" ("Dewey derrota a Truman").

Véase también
 Dewey Defeats Truman

Estados Unidos
1948

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Do you have the confidence & skills to drive on the road? If not, Don't worry! Driver Simulation program is there for you. With driver simulation program, one can overcome all his/her fears of driving. This gives you the same environment as real driving would give you. You will face all the difficulties virtually, just like any driver faces in reality. This will make you adapt to the real conditions without actually facing them, .


text:
from novaclient.v2 import images

from sahara import exceptions as exc

PROP_DESCR = '_sahara_description'
PROP_USERNAME = '_sahara_username'
PROP_TAG = '_sahara_tag_'

def _iter_tags(meta):
    for key in meta:
        if key.startswith(PROP_TAG) and meta[key]:
            yield key[len(PROP_TAG):]

def _ensure_tags(tags):
    if not tags:
        return []
    return [tags] if type(tags) in [str, unicode] else tags

class SaharaImage(images.Image):
    def __init__(self, manager, info, loaded=False):
        info['description'] = info.get('metadata', {}).get(PROP_DESCR)
        info['username'] = info.get('metadata', {}).get(PROP_USERNAME)
        info['tags'] = [tag for tag in _iter_tags(info.get('metadata', {}))]
        super(SaharaImage, self).__init__(manager, info, loaded)

    def tag(self, tags):
        self.manager.tag(self, tags)

    def untag(self, tags):
        self.manager.untag(self, tags)

    def set_description(self, username, description=None):
        self.manager.set_description(self, username, description)

    def unset_description(self):
        self.manager.unset_description(self)

    @property
    def dict(self):
        return self.to_dict()

    @property
    def wrapped_dict(self):
        return {'image': self.dict}

    def to_dict(self):
        result = self._info.copy()
        if 'links' in result:
            del result['links']
        return result

class SaharaImageManager(images.ImageManager):
    """Manage :class:`SaharaImage` resources.

    This is an extended version of nova client's ImageManager with support of
    additional description and image tags stored in images' meta.
    """
    resource_class = SaharaImage

    def set_description(self, image, username, description=None):
        """Sets human-readable information for image.

        For example:

            Ubuntu 13.04 x64 with Java 1.7u21 and Apache Hadoop 1.1.1, ubuntu
        """
        self.set_meta(image, {
            PROP_DESCR: description,
            PROP_USERNAME: username,
        })

    def unset_description(self, image):
        """Unsets all Sahara-related information.

        It removes username, description and tags from the specified image.
        """
        image = self.get(image)
        meta = [PROP_TAG + tag for tag in image.tags]
        if image.description is not None:
            meta += [PROP_DESCR]
        if image.username is not None:
            meta += [PROP_USERNAME]
        self.delete_meta(image, meta)

    def tag(self, image, tags):
        """Adds tags to the specified image."""
        tags = _ensure_tags(tags)

        self.set_meta(image, {PROP_TAG + tag: True for tag in tags})

    def untag(self, image, tags):
        """Removes tags from the specified image."""
        tags = _ensure_tags(tags)

        self.delete_meta(image, [PROP_TAG + tag for tag in tags])

    def list_by_tags(self, tags):
        """Returns images having all of the specified tags."""
        tags = _ensure_tags(tags)
        return [i for i in self.list() if set(tags).issubset(i.tags)]

    def list_registered(self, name=None, tags=None):
        tags = _ensure_tags(tags)
        images = [i for i in self.list()
                  if i.username and set(tags).issubset(i.tags)]
        if name:
            return [i for i in images if i.name == name]
        else:
            return images

    def get_registered_image(self, image):
        img = self.get(image)
        if img.username:
            return img
        else:
            raise exc.ImageNotRegistered(image)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


What's In A Profile Photo Anyway?
There are countless articles and tutorials dotted round the internet (including a few written by me) about the importance of a 'good' profile photo.
They all tell a story about the how the perfect image of yourself will get you your dream job, noticed in your field or help you to gain followers.
When it comes to LinkedIn however, I believe that most of the advice offered (again, including my own) is now incorrect, or at least partly incorrect.
In a world where it's becoming more and more imperative to stand out from the crowd and demonstrate that you're indeed an individual, having the same forced mug shot as every other person on LinkedIn surely flies in the face of this strategy?
LinkedIn themselves have some advice on how to take the perfect selfie. Don't take a selfie, get someone else to take a photo of you, it's easier.
Other advice included is to use a blank white background – I disagree with this for the reasons listed below.
So what is it that you could, and should, be portraying about yourself to the world with your profile photo?
Adding a 'professional' photo on LinkedIn increases the chances of your profile being viewed by 14 times.
With the above in mind, and the fact that your profile photo is the first impression people viewing your photo will have, isn't it important to make sure you're getting it right and portraying as much information possible?
What do profile photos immediately say to me when viewing a person on LinkedIn?
If every photo was the epitome of professionalism, then LinkedIn would be full of profiles with emotionless images of robot-like, soulless faces, easily forgotten and unapproachable.
So. What type of photo do I think you should upload to your profile?
With your photo you're trying to show the viewer why they should engage with you. Whether this is to simply connect, discuss an opportunity or start to follow you, your photo needs to give the right impression straight away.
That you're approachable — you want people to engage with you yes?!
How can you accomplish the above in one photo?
Real life. By showing what life is like in your world, you can immediately illustrate many aspects of who you are, what you do and why you do it.
A good, clear candid shot of you in an everyday working situation says a lot about you, enough to give a great first impression to anyone viewing your profile.
Like many wedding photos, it's the candid shots captured of guests mid-conversation, of an individual watching the proceedings or reacting to something someone's said that are the most natural and most telling about the story of the day.
A photo of your working day tells the viewer many things about what it's like to work with you.
It also tells the story of your personal brand. If you're visible on other networks then they may not necessarily give much away about who you are at work.
By including a glimpse into this environment in your photo, you can immediately reinforce your image before even your LinkedIn headline has been read.
As a business leader you could invest in a photographer to provide such photos of your employees. By visiting your offices for a length of time, a professional photographer can capture unique, honest candid photos of your employees that they can use on their profiles.
This will not only improve your employee's profiles and personal brand on LinkedIn, but it also proves an effective perk to build engagement and advocacy among your workforce.
What do you think? Do you agree or think a different type of profile photo is better than the candid approach?
Please don't assume my profile photo is a great example of the above, it's not. Yet.


text:
Home / News / My Father Burnt My Property For Accepting Jesus – Senator Binta Reveals
My Father Burnt My Property For Accepting Jesus – Senator Binta Reveals
While speaking during a thanksgiving service organised to mark her 50th birthday at the Chapel of Praise International Church, Yola on Sunday, the senator representing Adamawa North Senatorial District, Mrs. Binta Masi Garba, narrated how all that she had were set ablaze by her biological father after she gave her life to Jesus Christ.
According to PUNCH Newspaper, the lawmaker who broke down in tears during the service, said God made it possible for her to become a cornerstone after the deprivation and rejection she suffered after accepting Jesus Christ as her Lord and Saviour.
She said, "I gave my life to Christ when I was in primary school. My father was infuriated and he burnt everything I had because of my decision to follow Christ. I suffered so much because of the name of Jesus.
"I would have been nothing if not for His grace. The rejected child, because of my faith, has become a cornerstone. I give glory to His name."
In his remark, the Vice-President, Prof. Yemi Osinbajo, called for prayers for leaders, particularly Christians holding various positions in the highest level of government in the country.
The VP called for prayers for the Secretary to the Government of the Federation, Boss Mustapha, the Head of the Civil Service of the Federation, Winifred Oyo-Ita and other Christian appointees in the administration of President Muhammed Buhari so that they could make the desired impact in government.
Osinbanjo said he believed that President Muhammadu Buhari had appointed some of the finest Christians in his government in order to bring change, adding that though himself, Mustapha and Winifred among a few others are very good Christians, he urged Christians to support them with prayers.
He said, "The truth of the matter is that in the government of today, we have some of the most erudite Christians, some of the best Christians occupying positions in government. Boss Mustapha, the Secretary to the Government of the Federation, who is a pastor; the Head of the Civil Service of the Federation, Winifred Oyo-Ita and of course I, the Vice-President are all Christians.
"But it is not enough to have Christians in government like myself. It is never enough. If you look through the scriptures whether it was Joseph, Daniel or Esther, every person who made an impact in governance in the scripture that we see was supported by the prayers of the people of God.
"God is not moved unless we move His hands in the place of prayers. We are in a period in history when God wants to do something that is why some of us are in government. The opportunity must not be lost, your prayers to God will make that difference."
My Father Burnt My Property For Accepting Jesus – Senator Binta Reveals Reviewed by 9jaMusicMixtapes on 09:27 Rating: 5