text:
De Blasio's 'living wage' increase: A business burden or boost for workers?
Updated Mar 04, 2019; Posted Jan 15, 2015
By Tracey Porpora | porpora@siadvance.com
silive composite livingwage
The city estimates the living wage law will impact 18,000 jobs over five years, including 4,100 within retail and fast-food businesses at city-backed projects. Businesses with a gross income below $3 million would be exempt.
(Staten Island Advance)
STATEN ISLAND, N.Y. -- City Hall's move to raise the minimum wage is aimed at aiding those who are struggling to make ends meet, but local lawmakers and small business advocates are raising concerns that it could prove to be a roadblock to future development progress.
Mayor Bill de Blasio signed an executive order in September expanding the living wage law to cover thousands more workers and raising the hourly wage from $11.90 to $13.13 for those without benefits.
Commercial tenants at projects receiving more than $1 million in city subsidies are subject to the living wage provisions, including the hourly increase. Workers getting benefits, like health insurance, will now earn $11.50 an hour.
City Hall explained and defended the mayor's move to execute the change:
"This is an expansion of an existing piece of Council legislation that was exhaustively debated for years, and it was undertaken in close partnership with the leadership of the City Council," said Wiley Norvell, de Blasio's deputy press secretary.
"This is about making sure that when we spend tax dollars to spur development, working people earn a wage they can live on. That's the right thing to do for Staten Island families and taxpayers alike."
The city estimates the changes will impact 18,000 jobs over five years, including 4,100 within retail and fast-food businesses at city-backed projects. Businesses with a gross income below $3 million would be exempt.
ODDO VOICES CONCERNS
It's unclear how many jobs on Staten Island would be affected by the living wage law because the expansion applies only to projects going forward -- it excludes projects already in the pipeline like the Empire Outlets, the New York Wheel, Lighthouse Point and the development of the former Stapleton homeport -- but local politicians are nonetheless concerned it could thwart development in the borough.
"There is some concern that since the living wage law will apply not only to the developer who receives city subsidies, but to retail businesses who rent space in such a development, that developers will think twice before beginning such projects here," Borough President James Oddo said.
'HARDER TO ATTRACT TENANTS'
Borough leaders say the move could prevent retailers -- including restaurants, national chains and boutique shops -- from opening up storefronts on Staten Island.
"This may make it harder for (building owners) to attract tenants," said Linda Baran, president of the Staten Island Chamber of Commerce.
"Reducing unemployment is a top priority for Staten Island, and we don't want to see job-creators opt to simply cross one of our bridges into New Jersey, where they don't need to deal with these same regulations," said Borough President James Oddo.
She said this could potentially halt commercial development in areas in need of revitalization.
"In the past, the city has always tried to encourage development in depressed areas," she said.
Adding: "If retailers are making a decision to locate in one place or another and they know that this requirement is on them, they may not want to go for the additional cost."
With Staten Island located so close to New Jersey, Ms. Baran and Oddo said they both fear some retailers will forgo the borough for the Garden State.
"We don't want to see job creators opt to simply cross one of our bridges into New Jersey, where they don't need to deal with these same regulations," Oddo said.
In addition, national retailer groups say de Blasio's executive order could prevent businesses from expanding their operations in the borough.
"Dramatic increases to the minimum wage, like the one Mayor de Blasio has enacted, stifles restaurant owners' ability to grow their businesses, create jobs and could have a chilling effect on future openings," said Christin Fernandez, director, media relations and public affairs for the National Restaurant Association.
BENEFITS CITED BY ECONOMIST
Living wage laws have been enacted in more than 120 municipalities since the early 1990.
Mary Rose Leacy, chair of the economics department of Wagner College, said living wage laws have historically targeted "mixed-use" projects, and often provide significant benefits to home care, janitors, security guards, cafeteria, mail room and other low-wage workers.
"These are the types of workers who will be working in these mixed-use, subsidized projects," Ms. Leacy said. "You're not talking about a huge influx of low-wage workers who will suddenly have their salaries increased."
And it boils down to "smart economic development," she said.
"The whole idea behind living wage is money saving for the city as a whole because it stops the subsidization of poverty," Ms Leacy explained. "You'll need less shelters, emergency room care and food stamps."
And the law also boosts the motivation for employers to provide health care benefits.
"The living wage law provides incentives for businesses to provide health care, because if they do, they only have to pay $11.50 (per hour)," she said. "And there is no evidence that the living wage law leads to a business exodus."
CALL TO 'ASSESS THE IMPACT'
Councilman Matteo expressed concerns about the mayor's move.
But Staten Island officials say they wish the mayor would have allowed for City Council hearings on the living wage measure before making the move.
"It is difficult to assess the impact on Staten Island businesses without having had the benefit of City Council hearings, investigations and reports," Councilman Steven Matteo (R-Mid-Island) said.
"Not having a clear sense of the broader impact was why I voiced concerns over how the increase in the living wage law was implemented. It is always important to understand the impacts before taking action."
ROSE SUPPORTS THE MOVE
Councilmember Rose backs the living wage plan.
One Staten Island City Council member is in favor of the living wage decision.
"We don't know what projects are coming down the pike," Councilwoman Debi Rose (D-North Shore) said, "but we do know that employees connected to these projects, including commercial tenants in city-backed projects, will earn a living wage, a wage that will lift their families out of poverty and, in turn, spur economic growth throughout our city."
'IMPOSIBLE TO SURVIVE'
The living wage law comes amid a national push to raise the minimum wage, as well as the mayor's efforts to get Albany lawmakers to match the city's minimum wage to the living wage. Minimum wage workers say it's almost impossible to survive in this economy on their salaries.
"I have to work six days a week, close to 60 hours, just to get by," said Rob Cantasano, 21, who has worked at Netcost Liquors in Oakwood for the last three years." It's tough to pay bills, and pay for gas and insurance for the car.
"I live with my parents, but I'd like to move out on my own," added Cantasano, who is pursuing a business management degree from the College of Staten Island. "I have been trying to pick up a second job to make extra money."
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ZM (/ˈzɛdɛm/ ZED-em) is a New Zealand contemporary hit radio network owned by New Zealand Media and Entertainment. It broadcasts 19 markets throughout mainland New Zealand via terrestrial FM, and worldwide via the Internet. The network targets the 15–39 demographic specialises in a chart-music playlist of pop, rock, hip hop and dance music. It reaches approximately 486,800 listeners weekly, making it the fifth largest commercial radio station in New Zealand.
The ZM network as it is today was founded in the early 1970s as three separate commercial music stations owned by Radio New Zealand in Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch. The name is derived from the former callsigns of the stations: 1ZM, 2ZM and 3ZM. Z denoted a Radio New Zealand commercial station and M stood for Music. The stations were carved off to The Radio Network (now merged into New Zealand Media and Entertainment) in 1996, and ZM spread across the country, originally as three separate networks before finally merging to form one nationwide network in 2000.
The network's head office and main studios are based in Auckland, where all of the programming is produced.
ZM in its current format was first started in 1973 by the government owned New Zealand Broadcasting Corporation (which became Radio New Zealand in 1975). The three original ZM stations were based in Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch and had been on air for the past few decades most recently as 1YD, 2YD and 3ZM in their respective markets.
The three original stations were known by their ZM call signs, 1ZM in Auckland on 1250AM, 2ZM in Wellington on 1130AM and 3ZM in Christchurch on 1400AM.
In 1978 the AM frequency step in New Zealand was changed from a 10 kHz step to a 9 kHz step as a result all three stations changed frequencies. 1ZM moved to 1251 kHz, 2ZM Wellington moved to 1161 kHz but sometimes branded as 1162ZM and 3ZM Christchurch moved to 1323 kHz.
In 1981, Radio New Zealand stations were finally granted the right to broadcast 24 hours per day; previously only the domain of private operators. Overnight networked programming was introduced with the ZM All-Nighter show. Programming was produced from the 1ZM studios in Auckland and networked to 2ZM Wellington and 3ZM Christchurch. 2ZK in Hawkes Bay and 4ZG in Gore also took the ZM All-Nighter. Programming was also networked to the ZMFM station introduced in Palmerston North in 1987. The show was offered as an 'alternative music choice to the top 40-based formats offered by the private stations and was originally hosted by Barry Jenkin from Auckland. With his departure in 1983, the alternative format remained, but the music played was more top-40-based with the large percentage of NZ music. In 1987 with 1ZM dropping the ZM brand name The ZM All Nighter became known as "The All Nighter" on all stations. In 1989 The All Nighter was discontinued and stations that previously took this show now ran local shows or an automated show with no announcer.
In 1982, 1ZM Auckland lost its bid for an FM license and with the Broadcasting Tribunal allowing two new private radio stations (Magic 91FM and 89 Stereo FM) into the Auckland market, 1ZM was required to re format and adopt a 'Limited Sponsorship' model in place of its full commercial licence. This was an attempt to assist the new operators in establishing a revenue base. For 1ZM this meant that although the station could still run paid-for advertisements, those messages could not have music underneath, mention price or be longer than 25 words. Within 2–3 years, both 1ZM's financial and audience market share dropped significantly as advertisers and young listeners were attracted by the higher quality sound of the FM stations, despite the absence of long commercial breaks on 1ZM. 1ZM at the time promoted itself as "Total Music ZM" to emphasise the limited commercial format.
By 1987 1ZM Auckland was still a limited commercial station. A decision was made to change the format of 1ZM from a Contemporary Hit Radio format to a Classic Hits format. The Auckland station was rebranded as Classic Hits Twelve 51 which subsequently marked the birth of the Classic Hits brand which would be rolled out across New Zealand years later.
In 1989 Auckland's Classic Hits Twelve 51 was finally given a licence to broadcast on FM and broadcast commercials. The station launched on 97.4FM as Classic Hits 97FM. The 1251 kHz frequency licence was transferred to Christian broadcaster Radio Rhema. In 1993 the format of Classic Hits 97FM was rolled out across New Zealand with local stations operated by Radio New Zealand taking on the same format and branding, ultimately all these stations became The Hits network in 2014.
The ZM stations in Auckland and Wellington were not affected by the changes made to Auckland station. In 1985 2ZM Wellington switched to FM broadcasting on 90.9FM and in 1986 Christchurch also made the move to FM broadcasting on 91.3FM. Following the change, both stations rebranded to become Hit Radio ZMFM.
In 1987 a ZMFM station was established in Palmerston North on 90.6FM with a local breakfast show, but all programming outside breakfast was networked from Wellington. This station became a local station in 1989 now branded as 2QQ.
In 1989 ZMFM Christchurch became known as 91 Stereo ZM and later 91ZM.
Both 91ZM Christchurch and ZMFM Wellington used the slogan "Rock of the Nineties" during the early 1990s. In 1994 ZMFM Wellington was rebranded to 91ZM using the same logo as 91ZM Christchurch. Both stations changed the slogan to "Just Great Music of the 80s and 90s".
In 1997 ZM changed their logo on all stations to include a green globe behind the station name. At the same time the station slogan was changed to Today's Hit Music reflecting the modern music played on the station, this slogan was used until 2014.
In July 1996 the New Zealand Government sold off the commercial arm of Radio New Zealand, which included, among other things, the ZM stations. The new owner was The Radio Network, a subsidiary of APN News & Media and Clear Channel Communications, which operated as a division of the Australian Radio Network.
A new ZM station was established in Northland in 1995 as 93ZM this station was a completely local station at this point.
The very first networked ZM station was established in Dunedin in 1996 as 96ZM, this station was networked from 91ZM studios in Christchurch using an automated computer system allowing announcers in Christchurch to produce localised voice breaks for Dunedin recorded minutes earlier. On air announcers called the station Dunedin's 96ZM but during shows with a high amount of talk such as breakfast one voice break was produced for both Dunedin and Christchurch where the station was simply called ZM.
In 1997 programming was extended to Invercargill on 95.6FM as 96ZM, networked from 91ZM Christchurch with localised voice breaks, the same as 96ZM Dunedin. Also in 1997 ZM returned to Palmerston North on the 90.6FM frequency that had been used to broadcast ZMFM to Palmerston North in the late 1980s. 91ZM Palmerston North took network programming from 91ZM Wellington with localised voice breaks similar to Dunedin and Invercargill.
In 1997 local programming was dropped on 93ZM Northland excluding the breakfast show with all other programming becoming networked from Auckland. The Northland breakfast team were moved to Hamilton in 1998 with programming networked back to Northland, at other times both stations carried 91ZM Auckland programming.
Programming was extended to Rotorua in 1998 as 98ZM replacing local station Classic Rock 98.3FM, initially a local ZM station but later networked from Auckland. A new station was also established in Taranaki as 98.8ZM.
In 1999 programming was extended to Hawkes Bay on the former Radio Hauraki 95.9FM frequency. Previously this frequency was used for Classic Rock 96FM.
Nationwide networked programming was introduced in 1997 first with the ZM Essential 30 Countdown on Saturday afternoons. Shortly after the ZM Club Mix was introduced on Saturday nights.
A nationwide night show was introduced on weeknights in 1998, 91ZM Christchurch announcer Willy Macalister was moved to Auckland to present this show.
By 2000 ZM was broadcasting in Invercargill and Dunedin networked from Christchurch, Palmerston North networked from Wellington and had established a northern network with Hawkes Bay, Rotorua, Taranaki, Waikato and Northland all receiving networked programming from Auckland. The Waikato programme could also be heard in the Bay of Plenty.
In 2000 ZM changed to a single network format, all ZM stations in smaller regions became part of this network based from Auckland the only regions not originally affected were Christchurch and Wellington where these stations remained local except during the evenings and overnight where ZM ran a nationwide night show. Voice breaks that were previously prerecorded for each region and targeted towards the local audience were replaced with live voice breaks tailored to a nationwide audience. At first, these changes were not popular particularly in regions where the announcer lineup changed due to receiving the Auckland-based ZM station instead of the Wellington or Christchurch based station. The original nationwide network lineup consisted of Marcus Lush on breakfast with The Marcus Lush breakfast show, Nicki Sunderland and Lana Coc-Kroft presenting the daytime show, Mike McClung and Tim Homer presenting drive and Geoff Stagg on nights.
In 2001 more changes were made and this time Christchurch and Wellington were integrated into the network. The Christchurch studio was closed altogether with 91ZM Christchurch drive announcer Jason Royal and producer Jason Winstanley (Staino) moved to Auckland to present a nationwide drive show. Wellington ZM remained local but local Wellington breakfast announcers Pauline Gillespie, Nick Tansley and Grant Kareama became the hosts of a new nationwide breakfast show still presented from Wellington. At first some breakfast show content in Wellington varied to the rest of the country such as separate news bulletins and the final hour of the show only being heard in Wellington, by 2002 the breakfast show was the same in all regions.
In 2003 more changes were made to the announcer lineup. The Radio Network hired shock jock Iain Stables to present the ZM drive show with Jason Royal moved to the daytime show. Former 2XS FM Palmerston North announcer Stu Tolan was hired to present the night show and later Jacqui Jenson became co-host. Later in 2003 the amount of local content on ZM in Wellington was reduced after Wellington drive announcer Julian Burn left, and he was not replaced but instead the nationwide drive show, then hosted by Iain Stables, was networked into Wellington. Local weekend programming in Wellington was also reduced in 2005.
In 2005 the ZM Christchurch studio was reopened and ZM was local in Christchurch during the Daytime (10 am–3 pm), as well as between 10 am–2 pm on Saturdays. The Daytime 10 am–3 pm announcer in Auckland produced two separate shows simultaneously, one exclusively for Auckland and another for the rest of the ZM Network, a technique used by various other Auckland radio stations including Classic Hits FM, The Breeze & Coast.
At the end of 2008 Wellington dropped its local daytime and Saturday brunch show and now takes the network versions of these shows, and exactly the same changes affected ZM Christchurch during the middle of 2009. This saw the Christchurch studio facing closure, however the Wellington studio remained until 2014 as it housed the nationwide ZM Morning Crew then presented by Polly and Grant.
Several new stations have been set up to carry network programming. Early network stations include ZM Gisborne in 2002, ZM Wanganui in 2004, and ZM South Canterbury in September 2004. Later network stations include ZM Wairarapa in 2010, ZM Taupo in 2013 and ZM Queenstown in May 2014.
Early internet streams of ZM date back to the late 1990s when 91ZM Wellington had an internet stream available on their website. For most of the 2000s the Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch stations could be streamed online. In December 2010, the station launched a new online stream of ZM, where in a New Zealand radio first, the stream became the 20th ZM station to connect to the network in the same way regional markets do. The change meant ZM Online now had its own imaging & commercials. Local ads, weather and traffic were removed from the online station.
ZM launched its own iPhone App in 2011. The app displayed all of the ZM website content, and also streamed the station live. An Android app was later launched.
In line with all TRN stations ZM became available on iHeartRadio after its New Zealand launch in August 2013.
In April 2014 it was announced that long standing breakfast hosts Polly Gillespie & Grant Kereama (Over 20 Years in Wellington Market & 13 Years Nationally) were stepping aside from the station in order to continue their show on the new Radio Network station The Hits. Their last show on the station was on 24 April. Their replacements were immediately announced as the high profile signings of Carl Fletcher, Vaughan Smith & Megan Sellers who defected from rival station The Edge.
In April 2014 Carl Fletcher, Vaughan Smith & Megan Sellers commenced their new breakfast show across the ZM network named The Fletch, Vaughan & Megan Show.
The show shuffle also saw the Ad-Free 50s being dropped.
Jay and Flynny finished their show on 19 December 2014 after six years together and Flynny being on ZM for over a decade. They were replaced by Jase & PJ.
In December 2016, it was announced that The Night Show with Guy and Georgia would be replaced by The ZM Snapchart with Cam Mansel.
At the end of 2017, Jase & PJ departed the drive show. Until July 2018 the ZM Drive show consisted of edited best bits of their Breakfast show from Australia on KIIS 101.1.
In July 2018, Bree & Clint replaced the pre-recorded best bits of Jase & PJ. The Jase & PJ highlight clip show has been moved to Saturday and Sunday mornings from 6am - 9am.
The breakfast show is presented by Carl "Fletch" Fletcher, Vaughan Smith and Megan Sellers with producers Caitlin Marett, James Johnston and Anna Henvest. The show runs from 6:00am to 10:00am. News and sport sourced from the NZME newsroom is heard on the hour, along with local weather, read out live by Henvest. Fletch, Vaughan and Megan have presented the breakfast show since 2014.
Previously this show was presented by Pauline 'Polly' Gillespie and Grant Kareama from Wellington between 2001 and 2014. The original networked breakfast show was presented by Marcus Lush.
The workday show is presented by Bel Crawford. The show runs from 10:00am to 3:00pm. On Fridays, Bel hosts the 'Friday Jams' show which plays old school R&B hits. The show proved to be so popular that ZM hosted a "Friday Jams Live" concert at Spark Arena on the 22nd of October 2017.
Past announcers to present this show have included Nicki Sunderland & Lana Coc-kroft (2000 - 2002), Jason Royal (2003), Aroha Hathaway (2003 - 2005), Sarah Gandy (2005 - 2009 + 2012 - 2014), Mark Dye (2009 - 2012), Reagan White (2014), PJ Harding (2014) and Amante Falkenstein (2015 - 2016).
The weekday Drive Show is hosted by Brianna 'Bree' Tomasel and Clinton 'Clint' Roberts. The show runs from 3:00pm to 7:00pm. Bree has previously hosted a breakfast show on Australia's Hit Network and Clint hosted a drive show at rival station The Edge and more recently hosted a breakfast show on George FM.
Previously, the ZM drive show has been presented by Jason "Jase" Hawkins & Polly "PJ" Harding (2015 - 2018), Jay Reeve (2009 - 2014), Paul "Flynny" Flynn (2003 - 2014), Stu Tolan (2008) and Iain Stables (2003 - 2008). Early network drive shows have included duo Mike McClung & Tim Homer (2000), and later Jason Royal (2001 - 2002).
The night show is presented by Cam Mansel. The show runs from 7:00pm to 12:00am.
Past night show announcers have included Willy Macalister (1998 - 1999), Geoff Stagg (1999 - 2002), Stu Tolan & Jacqui Jensen (2003 - 2007), Mark Dye (2007 - 2008), Matt Ward (2009 - 2011), Luke Taplin (2011-2014), Polly Harding (PJ) (2011 - 2014), Guy and Georgia (2014 - 2016). Georgia then stays to produce the Snapchart show.
Weekend programming on ZM varies both today and in the past and the timeslots are usually filled by part-time announcers from 9am. Saturday mornings have previously been used to run a highlights show of the breakfast show and between 2009 and 2015 the Hamish & Andy show was run on Saturday mornings. Special weekend shows include the ZM Snapchart Weekender with Cam Mansel and Georgia and ZM's Sealed Section on Sunday nights with Georgia. ZM has traditionally run remix shows on Saturday nights since 1997 originally with the ZM Clubmix mixed by DJ Sample G (Grant Kearney) (1997 - 2003), General Lee on the Decks with DJ General Lee (2006 - 2008), Ministry of Sound Sessions with DJ General Lee (2008 - 2014), Ministry of Sound with Mikael Wills (2013-2017), Ministry of Sound with Timmy Trumpet (2015-2016) and Jupiter Project (2014-2017), Saturday Night Live with Anna Henvest (2017 - 2018). As of late 2018, Saturday Night Live has been replaced by a non-stop, ad and announcer free music mix.
In early December 2010, ZM relaunched its online stream as a new station, rather than relaying an existing station as it had done previously. It became the 20th ZM station to connect to the network in the same way regional markets do. This gave ZMonline its own imaging & commercial options.
Local ads, weather and traffic are removed from the online station (as these are available on demand for every market inside the ZM iPhone and android apps). At the moment through every second commercial break the station plays a song.
ZM have hinted that in the future they may have podcasts or unique content within the commercial breaks on the online stream.
Like most radio stations in New Zealand ZM originally featured news on the hour every hour originally news was provided by the Radio New Zealand News Service, following the sale of the Radio New Zealand commercial service this became The Radio Network News Service. In 1997 ZM stations began reducing news breaks to only play on the breakfast show, this was at time when some radio stations began increasing the amount of music played in an hour and reducing talk. In 2000 ZM started their own news service called ZM Newsbeat.
ZM News (formally called Newsbeat and Newsfeed) has news reports read out live followed by a local weather forecast prerecorded from the Auckland studio for each individual region. The bulletins are sourced from the NZME newsroom, and air hourly between 6 am-8 am weekdays with Anna Henvest, and weather hourly 4 pm-6 pm weekdays with Adam Cooper, with news and weather hourly 7 am-10am during the weekend and public holidays. An exclusive Wellington edition of ZM Newsbeat was aired during the Morning Crew's show up until early 2006, when it was dropped for the national edition. In April 2014 Newsbeat was renamed to Newsfeed coinciding with the re-launch of ZM, at the same time the Newsfeed service was introduced on The Hits with the former ZM news readers moved over to The Hits.
Traffic reports are read out on air from The Radio Network Auckland studios for larger regions in New Zealand, for Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, Hamilton, Tauranga and Dunedin. Other stations play advertisements during these times. Wellington originally ran their own local traffic reports until 2006.
Weather is read out on weekdays following news bulletins. Individual weather reports are pre-recorded for each region and updated with each show. When the Morning Crew were based in Wellington, they read out the Wellington weather live during the breakfast show, while the pre-recorded reports by the newsreader air over the rest of the network.
Also Special Commendation goes to ZM Programme Director, Christian Boston in the category of Programmer of the Year.
^ "Radio Network says expansion possible". The Christchurch Press. 21 September 1996. p. 29.
^ www.zmonline.com, ZM |. "Introducing your new ZM Night Show!". ZM. Retrieved 2018-06-05.
^ www.zmonline.com, ZM |. "Jase & PJ". ZM. Retrieved 2019-04-04.
^ "NZ Radio Awards" (PDF). The RBA. Retrieved 2013-02-26.
^ "NZ Radio Awards" (PDF). The RBA. Retrieved 2009-05-13.
^ "NZ Radio Awards" (PDF). The RBA. Retrieved 2008-05-08.
^ "2007 Radio Award Finalist". RadioStationWorld - New Zealand. Retrieved 2008-05-08.
^ "2006 Radio Award Finalist". RadioStationWorld - New Zealand. Retrieved 2008-05-08.
^ "2005 Radio Award Finalist". RadioStationWorld - New Zealand. Retrieved 2008-05-08.


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text:
using System.Collections.Generic;

public abstract class Command : ICommand
{
    protected IList<string> arguments;
    protected ICommandInterpreter commandInterpreter;

    protected Command(IList<string> arguments, ICommandInterpreter commandInterpreter)
    {
        this.Arguments = arguments;
        this.commandInterpreter = commandInterpreter;
    }

    public IList<string> Arguments
    {
        get { return this.arguments; }
        set { this.arguments = value; }
    }

    public abstract string Execute();
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Although, I think my friend Outlaw might be wanting to reciprocate this back to me after this post..., Just a hunch LOL !!
These were supposed to be our early lunch yesterday, but I lost track of time like usual.
Asked my butcher to cut these a bit thicker than normal cuz I figured I'd have " too much stuffing " and as usual I did.
These were about 1 & 3/4" thick. Made a stuffing of dried out French Bread, cubed up. Added a few Red Delicious Apples cubed up. First, sauteed some bacon, onion, Cellery, Rosemary, Basil, Parsley, and seasoned the Chops on the Outside and inside with the Sucklebusters Texas Pecan.
I then sprinkled the outside with a ( Prime Rib ) seasoning whish is great on Pork as well as Beef..
Stuffed, toothpicks and seared on the HOT cast for 3 Minutes each side, then on the Akorn in the same cast for 25 minutes at 350.
Taste - 8 out of 10... Next time I'll use a sweeter apple, these were too tart.
Next time I'll try Janagold.
Moistness - 8 out of 10... Probably in 5 Minutes too long.
Last edited by woodenvisions on Mon Feb 05, 2018 8:45 pm, edited 3 times in total.
Haven't made stuffed pork chops in a while, guess it's about time. Those look great.
A Red Delicious, too tart? Good thing you didn't Granny Smith it.
Very nice ...great pics ...thanks for sharing them with us.
Beautifully done! On a side note, I'm contemplating a porkchop cordon bleu..
Txdragon wrote: I'm contemplating a porkchop cordon bleu..
Appreciate it everyone, next go round will be a little different.
Less cook time and probably spritz with chicken broth thru the duration..
woodenvisions wrote: Appreciate it everyone, next go round will be a little different.
By your response here, it sounds if they may have been a bit drier than you'd have liked? 'Tis the nature of the thick, center loin chops, sir. When cooked to medium, they turn out pretty good. I go a tad cooler than medium, but that's me. The troubles that I found when stuffing them is trying to get the inside to stop oinking without drying on the outside. I've mitigated my woes by addition of a sauce. Something that compliments whatever I've stuffed them with.


text:
Start typing & press "Enter"
How to fly helicopters
Inspirational lift
VSKYLABS released cockpit screenshots of the R66 for X-Plane
New team shows WIP Bell 222UT for X-Plane
VSKYLABS throws in a surprise and shows the R66 under development for X-Plane
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Razbam shows screenshots of the Bo-105 for DCS
Eagle Dynamics announced free map for DCS: Marianas Islands
Miltech-5 negotiating with Razbam to bring the Bo-105 to DCS
Polychop published an update on the OH-58 Kiowa for DCS
Nemeth Designs updates the Ka-32 for FSX and P3D
Nemeth Designs released the Ka-32 for FSX and P3D
Nemeth Designs released video teaser of the Kamov Ka-32 for FSX and P3D
Eagle Rotorcraft Simulations released the MD500D/E for FSX and P3D
MSFS
Helicopters on the shortlist of the most-wanted features in the new Microsoft Flight Simulator
Aerofly FS2 and selected DLCs on sale until July 9th
Aerofly FS2 R22 with a slightly changed flight model
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Helgoland scenery for Aerofly FS2 is now helicopter-ready
Jan 02, 2020 | by George Seaman, Jr.
MSFS, Prepar3D, News
News, TOGA Projects, ENVSOUND, FSX, P3D
Environmental Utilities from TOGA Projects to start with ENVSOUND.
TOGA Projects has announced it will release ENVSOUND, one of their new line of ENV products for Prepar3D and FSX. The ENVSOUND utility will replace the default sounds and make them more realistic. Some of the sound which will be replaced include coastal ambiance, city ambiance, and weather ambiance. At release, over 80,000 locations will include these sounds and more will be added as the utility is updated.
You may look for it at simMarket soon, and the price will be very reasonable. Their announcement was made through our friends at FSElite and you can read all about it here, including a feature list.
About George Seaman, Jr.
George wanted to be a fighter pilot for as long as he can remember. At the age of 13, George discovered he was colorblind. At 17 he discovered he had no depth perception; two factors that took his dream of being a fighter pilot away from him. It didn't take away his passion for aviation, however. He joined the Air Force at 17 as a sheet metal mechanic and worked on the McDonnell Douglas F-15 as well as other airplanes. While stationed in Holland in 1981, he saw his first flight simulator at a computer show. George hasn't looked back since. He has flown just about every simulator ever produced. He still owns most of them including his first, Jumbo Jet Pilot for the Atari 800. George conservatively estimates he has over 15,000 hours in the virtual sky but believes it is more than 20,000. George attempted to learn to fly helicopters when the first ones were produced for sims. He failed miserably for years, not being able to control or understand them. Then virtual reality came along and with 2 hours of instruction from an Air Force helicopter pilot, George was flying the UH-1 all over Nevada in the DCS simulator. George now owns several pay-ware and freeware "choppers" which he spends 80% of his time flying, but he has a special place in his heart for that Huey! George works at a library. Monday through Thursday George is a graphic designer, but on Friday he is a flight simulator instructor at one of the library's idea labs, where he teaches people how to fly the library's simulator. He introduces S.T.E.A.M. (Science Technology Engineering Art Math) to kids through aviation. He allows pilots the opportunity to practice flights before they depart on their real journey. He also gives people who otherwise can't get a pilot's license the chance to learn what it would be like to fly.
More articles by George Seaman, Jr.
The best helicopter simulator
About HeliSimmer
© 2016-2020 HeliSimmer.com, All Rights Reserved.
HeliSimmer.com is much more than a website. It's a community!
We have a Facebook Group specifically for helicopter flight simulation with 6,000 members and we also have our own forums as well!
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The human body, which is a thing that we all definitely have and nobody here is a robot, no sir, is a complex sack of meat and fluids. Let's face it, some parts of the design are flawed. That's where the Solvenators come in!
This week the three finest heroes in podcast land are here to protect and serve in our super hero special! Hear all about our special powers and learn our secret identities and the adventures we have!


….Paul Spiess chairs a legislative study committee on hospital cost containment. He says hospitals have spent close to a billion dollars in the last decade on new facilities and amenities — from fancy lobbies to color MRIs.
It will be interesting to see how this plays out. The issue of supply creating its own demand is a real one, but politically it just has to be dangerous to be against having the latest and greatest toys in every hospital. After all, as we're told over and over and over, America has the best healthcare in the world, and we often convince ourselves of that by pointing to the number of MRI machines we have. This should be an interesting showdown.


text:
Allergy Cough vs. COVID Cough: What Are the Differences?
Coronavirus (COVID-19) Vaccines
Other symptoms may be more telling than a cough
By Kristin Hayes, RN
Kristin Hayes, RN
Kristin Hayes, RN, is a registered nurse specializing in ear, nose, and throat disorders for both adults and children.
Medically reviewed by Daniel More, MD
Daniel More, MD, is a board-certified allergist and clinical immunologist with a background in internal medicine.
An allergy cough and a COVID-19 cough can be similar. This makes it difficult to tell which condition you have just based on cough alone. A COVID-19 test is the only way you can know for sure if your cough is caused by COVID-19.
This article discusses the potential similarities and differences between a cough caused by allergies and a cough caused by COVID-19, including triggers and length of symptoms.
Verywell / Ellen Lindner
Characteristics of Allergy Cough vs. COVID Cough
Coughs caused by COVID-19 and coughs caused by allergies can seem very similar. You may be able to distinguish between a cough caused by allergies and a cough caused by COVID-19 or another virus based on the other symptoms you have with it.
It is also possible to have allergies and COVID-19 at the same time. When this happens, you may have classic allergy symptoms like itchy eyes along with COVID-19 symptoms like fever and loss of taste and smell.
Allergy Cough
An allergy cough is a persistent cough that typically lasts longer than three weeks. It is usually dry and does not produce a lot of mucus.
Allergic rhinitis (hay fever) is an allergy triggered by environmental factors like pollen, plants, dust, and pets. If your cough is due to allergies, you may notice the cough only at certain times of the year.
If your cough is caused by allergies, you may have the following symptoms in addition to your cough:
Itchy eyes, ears, mouth, or nose
Hives or a skin rash
Dark circles around the eyes
Asthma and Allergies
Asthma is a condition that is commonly associated with allergies. If you have asthma in addition to allergies, your coughing may be accompanied by breathing problems, including wheezing.
COVID-19 Cough
Like an allergy cough, the cough associated with COVID-19 is usually dry. However, the symptoms that may accompany your cough in the case of a COVID-19 infection are different.
If you have COVID-19, you may have some of the following symptoms in addition to your cough:
Difficulty breathing or respiratory issues
COVID-19 is caused by an infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is spread via respiratory droplets. These droplets are typically expelled by an infected person through coughing or sneezing. Anyone who inhales these droplets is susceptible to COVID-19.
Long COVID is a condition in which a COVID-19 infection causes chronic symptoms. These symptoms may include cough, chronic fatigue, cognitive issues, shortness of breath, and pain.
Cough √ √
Loss of taste and smell √
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea √
Fever √
Hives √
Itchy eyes, nose, and ears √
Typical seasonal allergy symptoms are often easy to identify. For example, the same symptoms start up every year when the trees begin to bloom. If you're not sure if you have allergies, however, you can get a diagnosis from a healthcare provider.
For COVID-19, home tests are available that can help you know if you are infected. You can also receive a COVID-19 diagnosis from a healthcare provider.
Allergies are usually diagnosed by a physician who specializes in immunology, called an immunologist, or a physician who specializes in diagnosing allergies, called an allergist.
Either healthcare professional will review your medical history and your symptoms and perform a physical examination.
If they suspect allergies, they may order one or more tests, such as a skin prick test, an intradermal test, or blood tests to confirm the diagnosis.
How Allergies Are Diagnosed
There are various tests that can detect COVID-19, including home tests. Some are designed to detect a current (active) infection, while blood tests that look for antibodies can identify a previous infection with the virus.
The main types of tests available to detect COVID-19 include:
Home tests: Some home tests identify genetic material from the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Others look for antigens, which are small fragments of protein shed by the virus. Most home tests use a nasal swab to collect a sample for testing and provide results in about 10 to 30 minutes.
Diagnostic molecular tests: These are the most reliable tests for diagnosing COVID-19. They use the PCR (polymerase chain reaction) DNA technique to detect the virus. This test is done via nasal or throat swab, or through a saliva sample.
Diagnostic antigen test: These include rapid tests, which provide results more quickly, but are more likely to return an incorrect result and miss an active infection.
Antibody test: These tests look for the immune system's response to the COVID-19 virus. These tests should not be used to detect an active infection.
When to Get Tested for COVID-19
If you have symptoms of COVID-19 or have been exposed to someone who has tested positive for COVID-19, it's important to be tested right away to get early treatment and avoid spreading the infection to others. These tests are widely available. You can test at home, or you can be tested at your healthcare provider's office, COVID-19 testing clinics, the hospital, or your local pharmacy.
It's essential that you receive a proper diagnosis prior to undergoing treatment for an allergy cough or COVID-19-related cough.
While remedies to relieve symptoms, such as cough drops, may be similar for an allergy cough or a COVID-19 cough, the underlying cause of these conditions is very different, and there is almost no overlap when it comes to the treatment of the root cause.
Identifying your allergy triggers and avoiding these substances is an important part of treating an allergy cough.
Allergies are typically treated with medications, including:
Allergy shots are a form of immunotherapy that present the only potential cure for allergies. Immunotherapy involves small injections or sublingual (under the tongue) administration of the allergen (the substance you are allergic to) over a period of time. This can desensitize your immune system to your allergy trigger. Immunotherapy is not available for every type of allergy.
If you do not have symptoms of COVID-19, or if your symptoms are very mild, you may be instructed to self-isolate and use over-the-counter medications, such as Tylenol (acetaminophen), to manage your symptoms. You should also get plenty of rest and drink fluids.
The treatment options for COVID-19 are evolving. Treatment options include, but are not limited to, supplemental oxygen, Veklury (remdesivir), and, depending on the circumstances, Ozurdex (dexamethasone).
Allergies and COVID-19 can both be prevented, though in very different ways. Because COVID-19 is very contagious, it is also important to be aware that protecting yourself will also protect others.
The best way to prevent allergy symptoms, including a cough, is to identify and avoid allergy triggers. Allergy testing can identify the substance that is responsible for your cough and steps can be taken to avoid that substance.
For example, if you are allergic to pollen, monitor the pollen counts in your area and avoid going outside as much as possible during the times when counts are high. If you are allergic to dust, take care to rid the dust in your home, particularly in the room where you sleep.
It's also important to develop a treatment plan with your healthcare provider and stick to that plan.
To prevent the spread of COVID-19, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that you:
Get vaccinated.
Wear a face mask.
Social distance.
Avoid large crowds.
Avoid poorly ventilated indoor spaces.
Wash hands regularly.
Clean and disinfect your space regularly.
Cover coughs and sneezes.
If you have been diagnosed with COVID-19, or you suspect you may have it, it's imperative that you self-isolate to prevent spreading the infection.
While both allergies and COVID-19 may cause a dry cough, many of the other symptoms associated with these conditions differ and can serve as an indication for which condition you have. Individuals who suffer from allergies have usually had symptoms in the past and know what to expect, while symptoms of COVID-19 will feel different and new.
The only definitive way to know the difference is to get tested for COVID-19 at a nearby testing facility, healthcare provider's office, or local pharmacy.
How similar are the symptoms of COVID-19 and seasonal allergies?
While seasonal allergies and COVID-19 share some symptoms, such as cough, sore throat, and congestion, there are certain symptoms of COVID-19 that you would not expect to experience with seasonal allergies. These include loss of taste and smell, fever, diarrhea, and nausea or vomiting.
Can you get a sinus headache from COVID-19?
COVID-19 patients commonly experience headaches. In some cases they may feel similar to sinus headaches. If you are experiencing a lot of congestion, it may even be possible to develop sinusitis secondary to COVID-19.
Do allergies cause fever like COVID-19?
Seasonal allergies do not typically cause a fever.
The information in this article is current as of the date listed. As new research becomes available, we'll update this article. For the latest on COVID-19, visit our coronavirus news page.
America College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology. Allergy symptoms: cough.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Symptoms of COVID-19.
Song W-J, Hui CKM, Hull JH, et al. Confronting Covid-19 Associated Cough and the Post-Covid Syndrome: Role of Viral Neurotropism, Neuroinflammation and Neuroimmune Responses. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 2021;9(5):533-544. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00125-9
Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America. Allergy diagnosis.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. In vitro diagnostics EUAs for COVID-19.
National Institutes of Health (NIH). Therapeutic management of hospitalized adults with COVID-19.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). How to protect yourself and others.
Sampaio Rocha-Filho PA, Magalhães JE. Headache associated with COVID-19: Frequency, characteristics and association with anosmia and ageusia. Cephalalgia. 2020;40(13):1443-1451. doi:10.1177/0333102420966770
Do I Have Allergies or COVID-19?
An Overview of Allergy Coughs
What Is SARS?
Sinus Infection vs. COVID-19
Do I Have a Cold or COVID?
COVID Test Recall: 'Detect' Tests Pose Risk of False Negative Results
What Is a Productive Cough?
What's the Difference Between Allergies and Colds?
What Type of Asthma Do You Have?
Rhinorrhea (Runny Nose)
Symptoms of Black Mold
COVID-19 Cough With Mucus
Can Sore Throat Be a Symptom of Allergies?
COVID Home Tests: What You Need to Know
Flu vs. Allergies: What Are the Differences?


text:
Press Releases and News Notes
B-roll and photos
Data on children
UNICEF Executive Director Henrietta H. Fore
Press centre home
News note
UNICEF responds to the devastation of Typhoon "Juan" (Megi) in north eastern province of Isabela, Philippines
MANILA, 22 October 2010 - Super Typhoon Juan (Megi) hit Northern Luzon on 18 October 2010 and left much of the region, notably, Isabela battered and reeling.
A day after the storm, UNICEF sent a team of specialists on health, nutrition, water sanitation and hygiene (WASH), education and child protection to conduct rapid assessment. The team brought an initial set of shelter and medical supplies to provide children with temporary school classrooms, and health centres with essential drugs as well as school packs.
The request for the supplies came from local government officials in Isabela province, one of UNICEF's focus areas. The east coast province was the first hit by the super-typhoon and faced winds gusting up to 260 kms per hour. Early assessment indicates that 90 per cent of schools in northern Isabela were destroyed, and many school buildings have been damaged in the rest of the province.
According to the team's findings in the areas visited, more than 691,000 residents (154,171 families) of Isabela province were affected by the typhoon, of these 297,000 are children. More than 90,000 houses, 132 schools and 4 government hospitals were partially or totally damaged. In the three coastal towns of Divilacan, Maconacon and Aplanan, as much as 90 per cent of structures were reportedly in ruins. There are about 5,000 families (30,000 individuals of which 12,900 are children) living in these three municipalities.
From the initial assessment, UNICEF is preparing to send emergency supplies to the three most affected coastal towns:
Education: 18 tents that can serve as temporary classrooms, school packs for elementary and high school children; teachers' packs; early learning packages consisting of educational toys, books; 4 sets of 100-book libraries.
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH): hygiene kits, water kits, purification tablets, family packs, and generators to power the water supply systems.
Health: feeding kits, medicines, Infant and Young Child Feeding in Emergencies tarpaulins, and nutrition in emergencies educational materials.
Child Protection teams will continue to assess the situation to ensure child friendly spaces are in place in evacuation centers and to provide psychosocial support to children who may still be in shock from memories of the storm.
Two days after the typhoon left the area of Philippine responsibility, there are still 210,000 families in 170 evacuation centres, and this number is expected to go down in the coming days as families return to pick up their lives and repair their homes. Due to good information warning systems, and pre-emptive evacuations the death toll from the typhoon was relatively low, and currently stands at nineteen.
The Philippines is carefully monitoring another low pressure area, developing east of the country, and potentially following the same track as Megi.
UNICEF is on the ground in over 150 countries and territories to help children survive and thrive, from early childhood through adolescence. The world's largest provider of vaccines for developing countries, UNICEF supports child health and nutrition, good water and sanitation, quality basic education for all boys and girls, and the protection of children from violence, exploitation, and AIDS. UNICEF is funded entirely by the voluntary contributions of individuals, businesses, foundations and governments. For more information about UNICEF and its work visit: www.unicef.org
For further information on UNICEF, please contact:
Angela Travis
Tel + 63 917 867 8366,
atravis@unicef.org,
Pamela Pagunsan
Tel + 63 9209276239,
ppagunsan@unicef.org
Patrick McCormick, UNICEF New York;
Tel + 1 212 326 7426;
pmccormick@unicef.org
UNICEF Philippines


Getting ready for Halloween? You have to check out Jody steel's art for some creepy ideas. Take a look at her videos and pictures and get inspired.
With over 3 M likes on her Facebook page "Jody Steel", Jody amazes us every time with awesome illusions that keeps us wondering what she can do next.


text:
How Does a Triple Negative Work in English?
By Elissa Hansen
When Finding a Rhyme Scheme, Do You Start Over at Each Stanza?
What Is the Difference Between an Elizabethan & Petrarchan Sonnet?
What Are the Characteristics of a Limerick?
How to Write a Poem That Rhymes in the ABC Style
A triple negative uses three negative words in a single grammatical construction. Think of negatives in speech like negatives in math. If you have a single negative number, it's negative -- just like saying "no" means "no." If you multiply two negatives, though, you get a positive; similarly, saying "I can't not go" means "I have to go." The sense is positive even though the words "can't" and "not" are both negative. When you multiply three negative numbers in math, you end up with a negative number, and the same is true for speech: Three negative words equal a negative meaning.
Confusing Constructions
Triple negatives usually take a few seconds to think through. For instance, comedian Groucho Marx famously said, "I cannot say that I do not disagree with you." The words "cannot," "not" and "disagree" all have negative meanings on their own. Because there are three of them in the sentence, the sentence has a negative overall meaning. Saying "I do not disagree with you" would be positive, since it has only two negatives -- but Groucho "cannot say" that, so in fact he disagrees with his listener.
Oxford Dictionaries: Double Negatives
Elissa Hansen has more than nine years of editorial experience, and she specializes in academic editing across disciplines. She teaches university English and professional writing courses, holding a Bachelor of Arts in English and a certificate in technical communication from Cal Poly, a Master of Arts in English from the University of Wyoming, and a doctorate in English from the University of Minnesota.
What Is the Theme of "The Franklin's Tale" in "The Canterbury Tales?"
What is the Meaning of Simple Participle in English Grammar?
Kid-Friendly Definition of an Iambic Pentameter Poem
How to Use "If So" and "As To" in Grammar
What Narrative Point of View Is Used in "And Then There Were None"?
Purposes of Rhyme in Poetry
What Is the Theme of 'Cloony the Clown'?
What Kind of Character Is Judy Jones in "Winter Dreams"?
Figurative Language in the Short Story "Sweet Potato Pie"
1 What Is the Theme of "The Franklin's Tale" in "The Canterbury Tales?"
2 What is the Meaning of Simple Participle in English Grammar?
3 Kid-Friendly Definition of an Iambic Pentameter Poem
4 How to Use "If So" and "As To" in Grammar


text:
About Home Tour & Street Fair
About Park Hill
About GPHC
Home Tour Information
Street Fair
Street Fair Information
2017 Home Tour
2017 Vendor Layout
Mid-Century Architecture in Park Hill
Editorial by Emily Boyle, beCommunications
This year, three of the seven homes on the Park Hill Home Tour highlight midcentury modern designs conceived by Denver native Edward B. Hawkins, a nationally recognized designer and developer most famous for his role in developing Denver's Arapaho Acres, the first post–World War II suburban development listed as a historic district in the National Register of Historic Places.
2990 Forest will be on this year's Home Tour. Sketch by Marc Applebaum.
Born in 1902, Hawkins lived with his family in a home near 14th Street and Niagara Street. After graduating from East HighSchool, he continued his education at Colorado State University then moved to Chicago where he entered the construction trade. While working and building in the greater Chicago area, Hawkins became enamored with Frank Lloyd Wright's Usonian style of architecture. Characterized as small, single-story L-shaped homes with no attics or basements, Wright's Usonian homes (developed during the Great Depression) were designed to be affordable for all. Typically constructed of native materials, the homes featured flat roofs and large cantilevered overhangs that allowed for passive solar heating and cooling, natural lighting, and radiant-floor heating.
Despite Hawkins' dream of designing and building his own homes, the economic crisis forced him to put his homebuilding career on hold. He joined the Civilian Conservation Corps federal relief program and stayed in Chicago until he and his wife Charlotte decided to move back to Denver in 1942. Upon his return, Hawkins served in a civilian capacity at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal, where he worked until the end of the war.
It was only a matter of time before Hawkins established himself in the Denver real estate market, and in 1942 he constructed his first house on a lot next to his family home on 14th and Niagara. Over the next seven years, he built 34 other homes on the 2500 to 3000 blocks of Race, Albion, Ash, Glencoe, and Forest, all of which incorporate ideas about modern architecture and modern living from his work and studies in Chicago.
3074 Forest still retains much of the original architecture. Photo by Sara Elise Photography.
Three of these homes will be featured on the 2015 Park Hill Home Tour, including 2990 Forest (owned by Billy Weller), 3001 Forest (owned by Kelly and Bill McDonald), and 3074 Forest (owned by Joseph and Deva Montablano). Although these properties have been renovated by Park Hill artist and design-builder Bill McDonald, they maintain what McDonald believes to be the most inspiring elements of Hawkins' designs, including simple and clean lines, flat roofs with generous overhangs, locations of clerestory and windows, and the use of structural materials for finish.
Architect Bill McDonald restored 3001 Forest Street. Photo by Sara Elise Photography.
"In my mind, [Hawkins] built some of the more interesting of the midcentury houses in Denver," said McDonald. "One of the many things that distinguish him from other midcentury designers is his use of passive solar principles, such as south-facing window walls with roof overhangs designed to let in sun in winter and shade in summer months."
"Job-built" components— cabinetry, windows, doors, shelving, and other custom features—are also what McDonald considers trademarks of Hawkins' designs. "The low ceilings and built-in features in his homes create small, functional, intimate spaces that disguise the actual size of the house."
After launching his career in Park Hill and northeast Denver, Hawkins moved on to bigger projects, including co-designing an entire Denver suburb on 35 acres between Englewood and Denver with partner and architect Eugene Sternberg. Ultimately, this became Arapaho Acres, a neighborhood of more than 120 midcentury modern homes, 70 of which were designed solely by Hawkins.
For a look at Hawkins' earliest work, attend the 2015 Park Hill Home Tour on Sunday, September 27 from 11 a.m. to 5 p.m. Tickets will be available starting September 1st and include tours of seven beautiful homes. For more information, go to parkhillhometour.org.
Special thank you to the Colorado Historical Society's Office Of Archeology and Historic Preservation for providing biographical information on Edward Hawkins.
Site Content Owned by Greater Park Hill Community, Inc. © Copyright 2019


text:
Q: Change loss in resolving git merge conflict I just encountered this issue for the third time in my life as a coder. This time I decided to find the root cause, so I spend some time to produce a minimum case.
https://github.com/myst729/git-diff-merge-loss
The steps:

*

*Two features checkout their own branches (a and b) respectively, from the same base master.

*The change of feature A has been merged: https://github.com/myst729/git-diff-merge-loss/pull/3/files?w=1

*

*Delete a block of code (line 34-57)

*Move a block of code (line 61-95) to the position where the previous block was (from line 34)

*Feature B has only one line changed. The point is, this line (line 70) is within the moved block in feature A https://github.com/myst729/git-diff-merge-loss/pull/4/files

*Feature B cannot be merged unless conflict resolved. However, line 70 in feature B has been moved to line 43 in master now. It's not even inside the conflict block. See line 43 in https://github.com/myst729/git-diff-merge-loss/pull/4/conflicts , or run git merge master locally on branch b

This is a minimum case, but in real development, the feature may be more complicated, thus the change may be accidentally excluded when resolving conflicts. And ideally, two features that have dependent relationship should not be developed in parallel. But sometimes we have to form a special task force and rush for a deadline.
So the questions are:

*

*Why does the diff shift happen?

*How to avoid the code loss, as it's outside the conflict block and completely unnoticed?

A: You have to realize that, in general, tasks such as "computing the diff" or "detecting conflicts" all rely on heuristics: in a commit, you just store the contents before and after your modifications, but not the sequence of editions that lead from one to another.

In your precise example, it turns out part of the unexpected behavior comes from an indentation change :

*

*if you look at the code for index.vue in commit 1e59f94c7, you see that there is an indentation between lines 60 and 61

*but you don't see it in the diff displayed in the pull request, because line 61 of the original file is matched with an equivalent line with less indentation
This means that the displayed diff is obtained with --ignore-space-change or one of its variant.
In a terminal :

*

*you will see the same diff as in the merge request if your run :
git diff --ignore-space-change 1e59f94 9c0adf9

*if you run git diff without the option, you will see a much different diff :
diff --git a/index.vue b/index.vue
index bf86463..a2241d7 100644
--- a/index.vue
+++ b/index.vue
@@ -31,68 +31,44 @@
               ></el-option>
             </el-select>
           </el-form-item>
-          <el-form-item label="related Feature:" prop="featureIdList">
-            <el-select
-              v-model="state.form.featureIdList"
-              filterable
-              remote
+          <el-form-item label="node:" prop="orgIdList">
+            <org-tree-cascader
+              :onlyAuthorized="true"
+              :defaultProp="{
+                expandTrigger: ExpandTrigger.HOVER,
+                multiple: true,
+                value: 'id',
+                label: 'name',
+                emitPath: false,
+                checkStrictly: true,
+              }"
+              class="item-width"
+              placeholder="selectnode"
+              @updateOrgListValue="(handleUpdateOrgIdList as any)"
+              ref="orgTreeCascaderRef"
+            ></org-tree-cascader>
+            <!-- <el-select
+              v-model="state.form.orgList"
+              :loading="state.orgLoading"
               multiple
               collapse-tags
               clearable
-              reserve-keyword
+              placeholder="selectnode"
               size="mini"
-              placeholder="keyword"
               class="item-width"
               popper-class="exp-list-filter-select"
-              :remote-method="featureRemoteMethod"
-              :loading="state.featureLoading"
             >
               <el-option
-                v-for="item in state.featureIdList"
+                v-for="item in state.orgList"
                 :key="item.value"
                 :label="item.label"
                 :value="item.value"
               ></el-option>
-            </el-select>
+            </el-select> -->
           </el-form-item>
         </div>
         <transition name="filter">
           <div v-show="state.isShowAll" class="filter-form-advanced">
-            <el-form-item label="node:" prop="orgIdList">
-              <org-tree-cascader
-                :onlyAuthorized="true"
-                :defaultProp="{
-                  expandTrigger: ExpandTrigger.HOVER,
-                  multiple: true,
-                  value: 'id',
-                  label: 'name',
-                  emitPath: false,
-                  checkStrictly: true,
-                }"
-                class="item-width"
-                placeholder="selectnode"
-                @updateOrgListValue="(handleUpdateOrgIdList as any)"
-                ref="orgTreeCascaderRef"
-              ></org-tree-cascader>
-              <!-- <el-select
-                v-model="state.form.orgList"
-                :loading="state.orgLoading"
-                multiple
-                collapse-tags
-                clearable
-                placeholder="selectnode"
-                size="mini"
-                class="item-width"
-                popper-class="exp-list-filter-select"
-              >
-                <el-option
-                  v-for="item in state.orgList"
-                  :key="item.value"
-                  :label="item.label"
-                  :value="item.value"
-                ></el-option>
-              </el-select> -->
-            </el-form-item>
             <el-form-item label="owner:" prop="admin">
               <el-select
                 v-model="state.form.admin"

This influences how conflicts are detected : if the merge is performed with the second diff (that's what happens without some form of "ignore-space-changes), the line checkStrictly: true -> checkStrictly: false falls within a modified block.
From a terminal, you can test that :
# from branch master:
git merge -X ignore-space-change b

does not trigger conflicts, and produces the code you expect in this specific case -- with some oddities in the indentation.

As @matt suggested : external tools such as kdiff3 or meld do a better job at figuring this out in your example, but the only general advice regarding merging is : do audit them (with your brains on).

A: Just to supplement my earlier comments, I'm going to turn them into an answer. What I said was:

You just have to use your brains when you resolve the conflict. However, you'd use them a lot better if you had a better view of what's happened! Configure your merge conflict style to diff3 so that you are shown the original state of affairs.

To see what I mean, consider first what your merge-conflicted file shows. As you display in your screen shot, on the one hand we have HEAD, which is branch b:
        <el-form-item label="node:" prop="orgIdList">
          <org-tree-cascader
            :onlyAuthorized="true"
            :defaultProp="{
              expandTrigger: ExpandTrigger.HOVER,
              multiple: true,
              value: 'id',
              label: 'name',
              emitPath: false,
              checkStrictly: false,
            }"
            class="item-width"
            placeholder="selectnode"
            @updateOrgListValue="(handleUpdateOrgIdList as any)"
            ref="orgTreeCascaderRef"
          ></org-tree-cascader>
          <!-- <el-select
            v-model="state.form.orgList"
            :loading="state.orgLoading"
            multiple
            collapse-tags
            clearable
            placeholder="selectnode"
            size="mini"
            class="item-width"
            popper-class="exp-list-filter-select"
          >
            <el-option
              v-for="item in state.orgList"
              :key="item.value"
              :label="item.label"
              :value="item.value"
            ></el-option>
          </el-select> -->
        </el-form-item>

On the other hand, we have master, which is empty. This greatly reduces the likelihood that a human being is going to notice what has happened.
What has happened?
The LCA
In the LCA (the commit from which b "split off" from master), there is only one occurrence of the entry for
<el-form-item label="node:" prop="orgIdList">

It is at line 61, and its checkStrictly is true.
b
In b, into which we are merging, there is also only one occurrence of the entry for
<el-form-item label="node:" prop="orgIdList">

It is also at line 61, but it differs from the LCA in the value of checkStrictly, which is now false.
master
In master, which we are merging, there is still only one occurrence of
<el-form-item label="node:" prop="orgIdList">

but it is at line 34, and its checkStrictly is unchanged from the LCA.
So what happened?
What happened may thus be easily summarized: b changed one line of the group, but master moved the whole group.
How do I know?
Ah. It's because I know how to "ask questions" when we are paused during a merge conflict. In particular, I can say:
% git show :1:index.vue # the LCA version
% git show :2:index.vue # the `b` version
% git show :3:index.vue # the `master` version

How to discover what's happened?
So far, so good; but the practical problem, as you rightly say, is that the display of the merge-conflicted file itself, which I displayed at the start of this answer, is not very enlightening. In the merge-conflicted file, the line
<el-form-item label="node:" prop="orgIdList">

occurs twice — once at line 34, where master has it, and again in the display of HEAD, showing where b has it. But, as you rightly complain, the chances of a human being noticing this and working out what has happened, or even realizing that anything interesting has happened, seem very slim.
This is because, in part, your eye is drawn to the conflict area — and line 34, which is sort of the giveaway here, is not in that area.
Display more information!
But now let's say you have configured merge.conflictStyle as diff3. Then the LCA, which was not present in your version of the conflicted file, is present! Here is the entire display of the conflicted region in diff3 style:
<<<<<<< HEAD
            <el-form-item label="node:" prop="orgIdList">
              <org-tree-cascader
                :onlyAuthorized="true"
                :defaultProp="{
                  expandTrigger: ExpandTrigger.HOVER,
                  multiple: true,
                  value: 'id',
                  label: 'name',
                  emitPath: false,
                  checkStrictly: false,
                }"
                class="item-width"
                placeholder="selectnode"
                @updateOrgListValue="(handleUpdateOrgIdList as any)"
                ref="orgTreeCascaderRef"
              ></org-tree-cascader>
              <!-- <el-select
                v-model="state.form.orgList"
                :loading="state.orgLoading"
                multiple
                collapse-tags
                clearable
                placeholder="selectnode"
                size="mini"
                class="item-width"
                popper-class="exp-list-filter-select"
              >
                <el-option
                  v-for="item in state.orgList"
                  :key="item.value"
                  :label="item.label"
                  :value="item.value"
                ></el-option>
              </el-select> -->
            </el-form-item>
||||||| 1e59f94
            <el-form-item label="node:" prop="orgIdList">
              <org-tree-cascader
                :onlyAuthorized="true"
                :defaultProp="{
                  expandTrigger: ExpandTrigger.HOVER,
                  multiple: true,
                  value: 'id',
                  label: 'name',
                  emitPath: false,
                  checkStrictly: true,
                }"
                class="item-width"
                placeholder="selectnode"
                @updateOrgListValue="(handleUpdateOrgIdList as any)"
                ref="orgTreeCascaderRef"
              ></org-tree-cascader>
              <!-- <el-select
                v-model="state.form.orgList"
                :loading="state.orgLoading"
                multiple
                collapse-tags
                clearable
                placeholder="selectnode"
                size="mini"
                class="item-width"
                popper-class="exp-list-filter-select"
              >
                <el-option
                  v-for="item in state.orgList"
                  :key="item.value"
                  :label="item.label"
                  :value="item.value"
                ></el-option>
              </el-select> -->
            </el-form-item>
=======
>>>>>>> master

Between the display of b at the top and master (still empty) at the bottom, we now have the LCA. And thus we can now see clearly what happened between the LCA and b: the value of checkStrictly has changed.
We still do not necessarily realize what happened with master; it looks like it simply deleted this stretch, whereas in fact it moved it, and it now appears at line 34, which is not in the conflicted area. But we do understand why there's a conflict! One side changed this text, the other side "deleted" it. That was not at all obvious before, because we didn't know what the initial state of things was.
But we are now a bit more likely to discover this, because the line
<el-form-item label="node:" prop="orgIdList">

now appears three times: once in the b version, once in the LCA version, and once at line 34! That fact should be enough to get us thinking.
Braaaaaains
And that brings us back to my original comment. The best tool for working out what to do now is to use your brains. You have two things to decide: where should the <el-form-item label="node:" prop="orgIdList"> entry go, and what should the value of its checkStrictly be? That is the problem that Git has set us; it's a true conflict, a decision that Git cannot perform automatically on its own.
The point is merely to gather enough information so that you know that that is the decision you have to make. What I'm suggesting is that with your display of the merge conflict, you are unlikely to work it out. With diff3, you are much more likely, and you could then use git show, as I demonstrated earlier, to put your finger on the history of what has happened and decide how to resolve it.
One more thing
Maybe I'm burying the lede here... Keep in mind that moving code is not a "thing" in Git's idea of a diff. If you move a line from one place to another distant place in the same file, that's two separate hunks: one where a new line appeared, and one where a line was deleted.
So in this case, nothing is going to get Git to see the code at line 34 as part of the merge conflict. It just isn't! It's a different area of the file from the conflict area — a place where some new lines appeared, that's all. And reading the conflicted file is never going to call this to your attention, as it is just not where the conflict is.
On the other hand, you, a human, can see quite well what happened if you say git diff b...master. That diff will show you how code appeared at line 34 and disappeared at line 61, and you, the human, will know what this means: the code was moved.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Named for its shape and known for its convenience, the stick pouch is the subject of a new study from Burnsville, MN-based Allied Development Corp.: Stick Pouches 2013 to 2017—Global Markets, Economics, Environmental Impact, and Technology.
Profiles of companies that supply equipment to form and fill stick pouches and companies that provide contract packaging and have a focus on stick pouches.
Segmenting the world into four geographic regions—Japan, North America, Europe, and other countries—the study offers real-life examples of products, equipment, and companies as well as numerous chart and diagrams to illustrate its findings.
The study offers a balanced approach when discussing both the characteristics of stick pouches as well as trends. One example: While the convenience of the pouches is considered one of their main attributes, the study points out that products providing convenience typically require more time and effort to prepare, which increases their price. Also, consumer demands for convenience tend to be subject to changes in economic times.
Thus, the economic recession in 2008 and 2009 had a negative effect on the demand for convenience products. The report sees the global economy growing, and this should lead to an increasing demand for convenience, which is expected to benefit stick pouches through 2017.
Two major areas—healthcare and security—show promise for continued growth in stick pouches. Many prescription and nonprescription medications, gels, and ointments can be packaged in the single-dose pouches, which has precise dispensing control. It is predicted that dry healthcare products will add 24.0% of all new stick pouch volume through 2017.
In security applications, shaped stick pouches are useful as an anti-counterfeiting measure, the study says, explaining that it is difficult for counterfeiters to copy a uniquely shaped stick pouch without purchasing expensive laser equipment to copy the shaped stick pouch design.


When looking at a £3399.99 valued system, you obviously have to appreciate that all aspects of value go straight out of the window! The MSI Aegis Ti combines top elements across multiple areas. These include 2 x GTX 1080s in SLI for the graphics, an Intel Core i7 6700K processor at 4.6GHz (when the OC button is pressed) and 2 x 256GB M.2 NMVe 2280 SSDs in RAID 0 for maximum boot drive performance. The only set back is the memory and although not a hinderance in gaming performance, in synthetic benchmarks the difference can be seen; this is due to MSI using SO-DIMM DDR4 memory instead of regular desktop RAM.
The design is very take it or leave it; you either love it, or you don't! MSI have included customisable RGB LED lighting which can be edited via the MSI Gaming Centre software and it's very easy to do so. In fact, MSI include various software including Nahimic for configuring audio, ScenaMax for improving visual quality dependant on the type of application you're running and Mystic light; where you can customise the RGB lighting. MSI have always been heavy on providing the best software solutions with their systems and notebooks, the MSI Gaming Centre encompasses that.
My favourite feature of the MSI Aegis Ti is the MSI Dragon OC button. With a simple press of this button, it overclocks the Intel Core i7 6700K from stock speeds all the way to 4.6GHz; perfect for squeezing extra performance in gaming and of course while doing CPU heavy tasks such as photo editing and video rendering. This illuminates up when enabled, so it's easy to tell if your system is an overclocked beast, or a subtle tiger waiting to pounce.
Overall the MSI Aegis Ti is a cracking system in terms of performance, looks and of course overall presence. With 2 x GTX 1080's in SLI, it mashes up 4K gaming even at the maximum settings in most AAA titles and although it costs just under £3400, it's obviously to see why!
Huge thanks to MSI for sending the Aegis Ti system in for review.
– MSI OC button is amazing; press it and i7 6700K goes to 4.6GHz!
– Expensive, but what do you expect with 2 way SLI GTX 1080's?
The included MSI HB SLI bridge for increased performance and style really goes a long way and if you're looking for one of the best pre-built systems on the market, then the Aegis Ti is the one for you!


text:
Save Cover Preview for Italy
Distributed for Reaktion Books
Modern Architectures in History
Diane Ghirardo
Buy this book: Italy
Request an exam Copy for Italy
Find this book in a library: Italy
Packed in its dense, historic city centers, Italy holds some of the most prized architecture and art in the world, with which planners and politicians have had to negotiate as they struggle to cope with massive migration from the countryside to the city. Early modern architecture coincided with a sustained drive to transform a country that was still primarily rural into a modern industrial state, and throughout the twentieth century, architects in Italy have attempted to define the role of architecture within a capitalist economy and under diverse political systems. In Italy: Modern Architectures in History, Diane Yvonne Ghirardo addresses these and other issues in her analysis of the last century of Italy's building practices.
Specifically, she examines the post-unification efforts to identify a distinctly Italian architectural language, as well as the transformation of the urban environment in Italian cities undergoing industrialization in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. She challenges received interpretations of modern architecture and also looks at the subject of illegal building and current responses to ecological challenges. In order to illuminate the full scope of the building industry in Italy, her examples are drawn not only from the work of widely published architects in the largest cities but from throughout the peninsula, including small towns and rural areas.
Insightful reading for those interested in Italian culture, this book offers a new way of understanding the architectural history of modern Italy.
Read Moreabout Italy Read Lessabout Italy
335 pages | 200 halftones | 6 3/4 x 8 2/3 | © 2013
Architecture: European Architecture
View all books from Reaktion Books
"This is an important book, which analyses modern Italian architecture in its social, economic and cultural context. Ghirardo's original and thought-provoking volume provides the reader with a wealth of information from housing and civic architecture to unauthorised building and the construction industry's impact on the environment. Highly recommended."
John Foot, author of Milan Since the Miracle
"This excellent history of architecture in Italy from unification to the present takes us on a fascinating journey through space and time, in which the built environment and man's traces on the Italian peninsula reveal the country's history, culture and life."
Francesco da Mosto, architect, historian, and television presenter
1. Building a New Nation
2. The Exploding Metropolis
3. Architecture and the Fascist State, 1922–1943
4. War and its Aftermath
5. The Economic Miracle
6. Old Cities, New Buildings and Architectural Discourse
7. Landscape and Environment
8. Entering the Twenty-first Century
Photo Acknowledgements


text:
Late explosion fuels 10-4 Cotuit win
By Ben Fischer
HYANNIS – After coming back from an early three-run deficit to tie the game in the fifth inning, the Hyannis Harbor Hawks had the momentum against the Cotuit Kettleers. With one man on and nobody out in the eighth inning, the Kettleers snatched back the lead and the momentum on two pitches. Thomas Dillard (Ole Miss) and Zach Biermann (Coastal Carolina) blasted home runs on consecutive pitches, giving Cotuit a 6-3 lead and chasing pitcher Brett Schulze (Minnesota) from the game.
The eighth inning explosion highlighted the dangerous combo that Dillard and Biermann are becoming at the top of the order.
Thomas Dillard swings in Cotuit's 4-1 loss against the Wareham Gateman on June 14, 2018
"Playing in the Cape is an amazing thing. One through nine, they're the best hitters at their school, so you feel safe wherever you are in the lineup," Dillard said.
Dillard had a big offensive night from start to finish. In the third inning, Dillard broke a scoreless tie with a two-run single to right-centerfield.
Dillard accounted for a third run by getting in a rundown between first and second and allowing Will Robertson (Creighton) to score.
"Coach Roberts is obviously known for baserunning," Dillard said. "One of the things we really work on is the double steal. He's big on that so it's good to see it executed in a game."
Cotuit starter Zane Collins (Wright State) was solid through the first four innings, allowing just two hits and three walks while fanning two. In the fifth, Hyannis finally got to Collins, knocking him out of the game with four consecutive singles. Relievers Ryan Smith (Princeton) and Deacon Medders (Alabama) each allowed an inherited run as Hyannis tied the game.
In the bottom of the eighth, Hyannis threatened, loading the bases with two outs against reliever Garrett Gayle (Rice). But Rice got third baseman Davis Wendzel (Baylor) to fly out to right field to escape the threat and preserve the lead.
Cotuit put the game out of reach in the top of the ninth, scoring four times on two wild pitches, an RBI walk by third baseman Eric Jones (Davidson) and an RBI single by center fielder Beau Brundage (Portland).
"In the seventh, eighth, ninth innings, we kind of know how the team is going to pitch us," Dillard said. "Just making those in-game adjustments and going out an executing them is big. Today it was just about being patient."
The Kettleers get back in action on Wednesday when they take on the Orleans Firebirds at Lowell Park in Cotuit.


text:
TOGA Released YIPPI, the 4th Generation Mobile Application Combining AI Smart Communication
Le lundi 17 Septembre 2018 à 23:40 par GlobeNewswire | 0 commentaire(s)
LAS VEGAS, Sept. 17, 2018 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- On July 3, 2018, Toga Limited, a Nevada corporation (OTC PINK: TOGL), released the 4th generation of its communication mobile application Yippi, at the Sheraton Grand Macao Hotel in Macau, China. This ...
LAS VEGAS, Sept. 17, 2018 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- On July 3, 2018, Toga Limited, a Nevada corporation (OTC PINK: TOGL), released the 4th generation of its communication mobile application Yippi, at the Sheraton Grand Macao Hotel in Macau, China.
This version of Yippi includes its first ever AI (Artificial Intelligence) technology. With AI, Yippi has expanded its function and intelligence in areas of communication and community platform. AI technology elevates Yippi and its commercial value by providing users with a more personalized user experience.
"Yippi is performing well in all its features and its stable performances gave us the confidence to introduce AI to our application. Being one of the first communication mobile applications to combine AI capabilities, we believe that Yippi will provide a user experience never before realized. It is our vision and goal that, in the not too far future, Yippi will become a valuable asset in daily living and working. As a highly functional personal assistant for users, Yippi combines multiple features and platforms integrated in a mobile application", said Mr. Toh, CEO of Toga Limited on the first anniversary dinner.
Mr. Toh also announced that Yippi will introduce AI chatbot and customer service to satisfy the stable and efficient demand from consumers.
Since its launch over a year ago, Yippi has worked closely with app developers to form a one-stop service with a convenient operation and stable compatibility, to hold a place in the market of mobile communication applications.
Currently, most mobile applications limit the number of features it offers its users. Yippi seized this opportunity, and set out to build a sustainable model by integrating multiple features which were globally popular coupled with a unique community cohesion.
In addition to individual and group messaging features, Yippi users enjoy built-in programs featuring flight and hotel booking, online courses, send and receive Yippi Eggs, social circle, album feature, video and voice channels, and many other features, all in one application.
Recognizing the growing need and commercial value in live broadcasting, Yippi provides a free advertising platform for its users. Yippi combines its unique AI beauty cam with its new face and hand recognition technology. These features allow users to advertise quickly and efficiently. Users can now broadcast any time and from any location, making Yippi both entertaining and convenient.
"Receiving user feedback, strengthening stability, and introducing new updates continuously are the golden rules of our success. Those wanting to join Yippi to promote their self-made platforms and applications in the future can follow the Standard Software Development Kit (Standard SDK) set by the company. This will allow software to automatically connect to other collaborating third-party platforms, without the need for a duplicate login", said Mr. Chia, Toga's Chief Technology Officer.
Yippi will also launch a platform specially designed for gaming software engineers and sticker designers. This platform will help create more entrepreneur opportunities, allowing designers and engineers an opportunity to showcase their talents and creativity.
Source(s) : Toga Limited
Everything is One - A New Documentary Film that Decodes the Mystery of Life, Released by Center for Introspection & Enlightenment
Initiatives for a Utopian world based on Science & TechnologySURREY, British Columbia, April 23, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Center for Introspection & Enlightenment, Canada has released a new documentary film called Everything is One ...
LeddarTech is Recognized as a CES 2020 Innovation Award Honoree for The Leddar Pixell, a Cocoon LiDAR Recently Released for the Autonomous Vehicle Market
CES announced the winners of the Innovation Awards on November 7th, 2019 in New York. LeddarTech will showcase the Leddar Pixell at several locations at CES 2020QUEBEC CITY, Nov. 13, 2019 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- LeddarTech®, an industry ...


text:
The Boys in the Boat by Daniel James Brown
For readers of Unbroken, out of the depths of the Depression comes an irresistible story about beating the odds and finding hope in the most desperate of times—the improbable, intimate account of how nine working-class boys from the American West showed the world at the 1936 Olympics in Berlin what true grit really meant.
It was an unlikely quest from the start. With a team composed of the sons of loggers, shipyard workers, and farmers, the University of Washington's eight-oar crew team was never expected to defeat the elite teams of the East Coast and Great Britain, yet they did, going on to shock the world by defeating the German team rowing for Adolf Hitler. The emotional heart of the tale lies with Joe Rantz, a teenager without family or prospects, who rows not only to regain his shattered self-regard but also to find a real place for himself in the world. Drawing on the boys' own journals and vivid memories of a once-in-a-lifetime shared dream, Brown has created an unforgettable portrait of an era, a celebration of a remarkable achievement, and a chronicle of one extraordinary young man's personal quest.
Quotes from The Boys in the Boat
It's not a question of whether you will hurt, or of how much you will hurt; it's a question of what you will do, and how well you will do it, while pain has her wanton way with you.
All were merged into one smoothly working machine; they were, in fact, a poem of motion, a symphony of swinging blades.
The ability to yield, to bend, to give way, to accommodate, he said, was sometimes a source of strength in men as well as in wood, so long as it was helmed by inner resolve and by principle.
What mattered more than how hard a man rowed was how well everything he did in the boat harmonized with what the other fellows were doing. And a man couldn't harmonize with his crewmates unless he opened his heart to them. He had to care about his crew.
About Daniel James Brown
Daniel James Brown is the author of The Boys in the Boat, The Indifferent Stars Above, Facing the Mountain, and Under a Flaming Sky. He currently lives outside Seattle. Visit the author's website →
Laura Hillenbrand
The Blind Side


Quick tips to save money for your rail ticket Ebenhofen to Champbenoist Poigny?
The most wanted times and dates of departure to travel to Champbenoist Poigny are often more expensive, so try to be flexible if possible.
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Train tickets booked in advance from Ebenhofen to Champbenoist Poigny have the lowest fares. You may book up to 3 months in advance and up to 6 months for Eurostar.
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As college students, cramming and then dumping information is quite common, but definitely not the best option for our learning. Here are a few ways to improve your memory and help you to retain information in all of your courses.
Madeline, a fifth-year senior, talks about her journey to finding the perfect major.
Dr. Rufus Burnett joined the First Year of Studies advising faculty in August 2016. He and first-year students interested in the blues host the First Year Blues Review, a radio program on WSND 88.9 FM, every Monday from 10:00 PM to midnight.
With 15 years of experience teaching first-year students, he has valuable insight into how new undergraduate students should approach their education at Notre Dame. Although PSY 10000 is a survey of the basic principles of psychology, Prof. Venter hopes the course will be relevant to his students many years in the future.
Daara, a class of 2017 alum, talks about his successes and failures throughout his journey to find a job.
Some students swear by the Hesburgh Library and others by the LaFortune Student Center. You'll find your own special study spots this semester, but here's some suggestions to try from sophomores.
Peer advisors meet with first-year students to provide support from a first-hand perspective. They will be contacting first-years in the month of September.
Meet C.J. Pine, a double major in Arabic and peace studies. C.J. is valedictorian of the 2017 University of Notre Dame graduating class!
Professors Marcio Bahia and Sandra Teixeira discuss the opportunities and benefits open to students who minor in Portuguese.
Meet Emma Claire Fontenot, a senior at ND who is majoring in Spanish with a supplementary major in Pre-Health.
The First Year Blues Review is an ND Ignite program, part of our initiative to engage first-year students in intellectual and cultural life at Notre Dame.
Learn more about why we think that you should study Portuguese at the University of Notre Dame.
Department of Latino Studies professor Karen Richman presents the Latino Studies department at Notre Dame and its many opportunities for learning and growth.
Department of Africana Studies professor Maria McKenna presents the Africana Studies department at Notre Dame and its many opportunities for learning and growth.
Department of English professor Laura Betz presents the English department at Notre Dame and its many opportunities for learning and growth.
The Moreau First Year Experience course sequence, FYS10101 and FYS 10102, has become an integral part of the lives of first-year students at Notre Dame. Currently in its second year, this course is designed to help them make a transition to life at the University by facilitating the integration of their academic, co-curricular, and residential experiences.
First-year students must meet with their First Year advisors in person by March 31 to complete to formally declare their colleges for their sophomore year and majors when appropriate.
Department of Classics professor Tadeusz Mazurek presents the Classics department at Notre Dame and its many opportunities for learning and growth.