Scout trips to TrollAktiv, Norway. Contact us for more information.
TrollAktiv is an eldorado for Scout trips and youth groups. TrollAktiv have a wide variety of accommodation options all of which are tailor made for Scout and youth groups.
TrollAktiv also cater for Scout and youth groups with a nutritious and tasty full board menu. All the activities at TrollAktiv are ideal for Scout trips and D of E expeditions.
We have developed the entire centre with Scout and youth groups in mind. Packages for Scout groups include activities, accommodation and either full board or self catering.
Team challenges, rafting, rock climbing, zip lines, SUP, Lazer tag, BMX, caving and paintball are all top picks for Scout trips. Scout groups can also plan an expedition through TrollAktiv. We have minibusses, canoes and can assist you with planning your trekking trip.
Many Scout groups use TrollAktiv as a base for their own Scout camps and organise their own programme supplementing it with activities provided by TrollAktiv. Trollaktiv has two large buildings that are perfect for self catering Scout groups.
To Tim and team. Thanks for a great weekend with you in Evje. What a great centre you have, and excellent staff. The centre has grown over the years, and I was so impressed by everything you offer. The climbing park in particular is awesome, and I wish we had had time to try paintballing. Maybe next time! Everything was clean, organised and effectively managed. Congratulations on your success and long may it continue.
TrollAktiv offer self catering and full catered options for Scout groups. Check out below our full catered options.
TrollAktiv serve a traditional Norwegian breakfast with focus on healthy food.
We have always two different types of bread and cheeses, butter and margarine, a selection of sliced meats, liver pate, mackerel in tomato sauce, fruits, tomatoes and carrots, assorted yogurts, cornflakes, muesli, various jams and a chocolate spread, milk and orange juice, tea and coffee.
Contact us to chat about how we can plan the perfect scout trip to Norway for you full of adventure.


The total error approach is a statistical technique for assessing performance of analytical methods. It could be used for any lab data analysis in oncology or other clinical trials or for the testing of new drugs. Due to variable parameters involved in inter-laboratory transfer of clinical trials like analysts, instruments, day/sessions and geographic location, there are chances of different assignable and non-assignable causes of variations. Here, the statistical analysis of measurement processes helps to identify and quantify sources of variation. The total error approach evaluates the variability in the parameters and helps the scientist in decision making.
Method validation is the process used to confirm that the analytical procedure employed for a specific test is suitable for its intended use. Results from method validation can be used to judge the quality, reliability and consistency of analytical results. Similarly, an analytical transfer is a process that consists in transferring a validated analytical method from a sending laboratory (called Originator) to a receiving laboratory (called Receiver) after having experimentally demonstrated that both labs perform similar methods. This is very useful if you may have to rely on labs that are based at different geographic locations for better cost management.
The total error approach calculates the standard deviation for repeatability, session component, intermediate precision and the mean of the lab. The confidence Intervals of the mean of the Originator lab and statistical tolerance interval of the results of the Receiving lab are evaluated with the risk parameters. Then the tolerance interval of the bias is estimated and tested with the acceptance interval which is set a priori. A successful method transfer is when the tolerance interval of the bias is totally included in the acceptance interval.
Typical acceptance criteria for analytical methods are not chosen with regard to the concept of method suitability and are commonly based on ad-hoc rules. Such approaches yield unknown and uncontrolled risks of accepting unsuitable analytical methods and rejecting suitable analytical methods. This article proposes a formal statistical framework for the validation of analytical methods, which incorporates the use of total error and controls the risks of incorrect decision-making.
The tolerance interval of the bias [-0.81, 1.91] is included in the acceptance interval [-3.5, 3.5]. Hence, analytical method transfer from sending lab to receiving lab is successful.


Unfortunately, most people are never told (by their doctor) that unwanted belly fat is an indicator of a vitamin D deficiency. This one risk factor clearly comes with huge financial (and physical health) risk. After reading this quick report, you'll certainly have an incentive to take action.
This is a serious health concern: people carrying around too much belly fat are in real danger because fat cells fuel the growth of cancer cells. You see, fat cells produce leptin and adiponectin, the two culprits causing so many deaths today by reducing the efficiency of cancer treatment.
You are probably aware that vitamin D deficiency is bad news for bone health, and additionally expose you to risks such as obesity, cancer, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. But, what you might not know is that the bigger your belly is, the higher the chances that you have low vitamin D levels.
These new findings were presented in Barcelona during the European Society of Endocrinology annual meeting. So, the word is getting out. We just have to encourage doctors to study the medical literature.
Scientists from the Leiden University Medical Center and VU University Medical Center examined total body fat and belly fat amongst subjects of a previous research. After parameters such as exercise levels, beer consumption and chronic diseases were factored in, the researchers noted that abdominal and total fat were connected to low amounts of vitamin D in women.
And, by the way, low vitamin D levels were associated with increased liver and belly fat in men as well.
You might be surprised to learn that a whopping 1 billion people are vitamin D deficient around the world – check out the full report here. Most integrative healthcare providers say the first step is to get tested.
Simple and inexpensive: it's always a good idea to know what your vitamin D levels are (with a blood test). If you are below 30 ng/ml – which many people are – you may want to consider supplementation to get your levels up.
Obviously, the best way to increase your vitamin D levels is with about 20 minutes of full body exposure to the sun. The problem is: most people live at elevated latitudes – above 30 degrees from the equator. This higher latitude makes the angle of the sun weaker and, very often as a result, doesn't offer enough 'direct' sunlight to generate a desired outcome.
That's why so many integrative healthcare providers recommend a supplement to increase vitamin D levels in the body.
Another important point: According to a Harvard Medical School report, sunscreen causes a drop in vitamin D levels because of how it blocks UV light. Leaving some areas exposed is recommended as this will ensure that you get the most out of the vitamin D supplement and natural sunlight combination.
Bottom line: if you suspect that your vitamin D levels are low – get tested today and talk to your doctor about a plan of action that gets results.
Editor's note: The NaturalHealth365 Store offers the highest quality vitamin D supplements on the market. Click here to shop now.


text:
Hibok-Hibok je aktivní sopka na filipínském ostrově Camiguin. Dosahuje nadmořské výšky 1 332 m. V současnosti je nečinná, k poslední erupci došlo roku 1953.

Popis

Na ostrově Camiguin se rozkládá několik sopek. Všechny jsou součástí vulkanické skupiny Camiguin Mindanao. Vulkanologové ji kvůli aktivní Hibok-Hibok považují za potenciálně aktivní. V moderní historii jsou u ní známé čtyři erupce. První dvě nastaly v rocích 1827 a 1862. Třetí se objevila v roce 1871. V únoru začali obyvatelé ostrova pociťovat zemětřesení, jenž se stále stupňovala až do 30. dubna, kdy se na severozápadním úbočí hory otevřela trhlina. Z ní nepřetržitě po dobu čtyř let proudila láva. Dosáhla až k moři a během postupu zničila vesnici Catarman. Zároveň průduch vytvořil nový sopečný kužel Vulcan. Když eruptivní fáze roku 1875 skončila, popsala ho expedice Challenger jako 590 m vysoký kužel bez kráteru, z jehož vrcholu stoupal "kouř". K poslední erupci Hibok-Hibok došlo mezi lety 1948–1953. Doprovázely ji sesuvy půdy, zemětřesení, tvorba lávových dómů a pyroklastické proudy. Jedna z erupcí v prvním roce byla peléjského typu a kromě malých škod způsobila i ztráty na životech. Během roku 1949 došlo k sesuvu, který zabil 79 osob. O dva roky později sopka produkovala lávu, jedovaté plyny a sesuvy půdy, což zničilo přilehlou severní oblast o ploše 19 km². 34 tisíc lidí z celkového počtu 69 tisíc muselo emigrovat.

Odkazy

Reference

Související články
 Seznam sopek na Filipínách

Externí odkazy

Sopky na Filipínách
Tisícovky na Filipínách

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Further to our Bulletin that was sent to members on Friday, the PSA has been advised the Department has now agreed that members can contact PwC directly to arrange a confidential appointment in person, either by Skype or by telephone.
The Department this morning will make direct contact details for PwC available to members.
We encourage members to participate in the confidential process that is now available.
As we said in last Friday's bulletin, the PSA is supportive of the concept of a health check but the confidentiality of staff in this process was vital to ensure its integrity.
Please pass this bulletin on to other members and encourage non-members to join the PSA and protect their rights. We are all stronger together.


text:
Q: How to split HTML P tag content by line without line break When the content exceeds the tag width, the content will auto break into new line.
How to split the tag content by line?
Expect Result: each line content
Same question but not solved: Read text within an HTML <p> tag line by line in JavaScript

A: Just a javascript alternative
document.getElementById('P TAG').innerHTML+="\n your text"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


"Quizzing enthusiasts promote the culture of quizzing through various Intra-IIMK quizzing events and through participation in Inter B-School and Corporate events. Quizzes of various genre like Business, Sports, Entertainment, Literature etc. are conducted throughout the year to promote out of the box thinking among students and help them in keeping abreast with the latest happenings of the world. The club can be reached at atharva@iimk.ac.in"
Members of footvibes represent IIMK in various intra- and inter-collegiate dance competitions. They also organize workshops on various dance styles.
Kalakriti is a diverse group of art enthusiasts spreading the art movement throughout the campus. They are a body of artists that are involved in design and decor of major events and visible areas of campus. They conduct a number of art-related events annually as well.
IIM Kozhikode's own Live Radio Service, streamed live on the Intranet using LAN streaming.
Movie enthusiasts get together to watch, analyze, review and discuss films from across the World.
IIMK's music club aims to instill in all students a love of music by providing a platform for music enthusiasts to develop and showcase their musical flair, as well as simply unwind and have fun through competitions, workshops, karaoke nights and public performances. There are multiple events and competitions organized throughout year by the club. Krescendo helps students to take musical breaks from hectic MBA life of 2 years. The club is equipped with good musical instruments to fulfill musical needs of students. PGP 2nd year students, who are selected through institution club selection process, run the club.
A Club for imaginative literature, ProLitCult has established itself as the pioneer for innovative ideas and articulation through a series of online and offline literature activities held throughout the year. Detective treasure hunts, idiomatic dumcharades, Argumentative Indian etc. thereby, provoking the minds of an MBA student through exciting yet experiential learning. ProLitCult also identifies potential candidates and facilitates participation in various inter-iim and national level competitions. This has not only helped the students refine professional expressions but also enhance personal communication. The club also publishes an yearly literature magazine called "Pulse K" where students showcase their literary works .A club for all the vernacular passionates, ProLitCult – The experts in literature community, is much more than the bounds of Literature.
Theatrix is the dramatics club of IIMK is for students interested in dramatics and acting. We put up numerous stage and street plays across the year including performances on Independence Day, Republic Day and multiple fests like Backwaters, Echoes etc. Rather than restricting our plays to members only, Theatrix strives to serve as a common, open platform to give all students a chance to showcase their latent talent or voice out issues close to their heart or just regale an audience struggling with quizzes, assignments, submissions and deadlines.
Tripod is the photography club of IIMK. Our Kampus being God's own, boasts of ethereal beauty. It is essential for a club of photography enthusiasts to capture all events with this backdrop in all its glory. We as a club invite amateur photographers to learn from each other and enhance our photography skills. With the interest showed by Komrades, photography workshops by eminent photographers and photo exhibitions are conducted. Social media contests take place all through the year. The art of photography lets each one of us tell unique stories through our lens. Tripod tells the story at IIMK, and ever so beautifully.


text:
Virgin Orbit sends 7 satellites to orbit in fourth mid-air launch
Make it 3 in a row for Virgin Orbit
Virgin Orbit's LauncherOne rocket lofted 7 little satellites for 3 various clients today (Jan. 13), marking the 3rd straight effective objective for the California-based business.
Cosmic Lady, Virgin Orbit's customized Boeing 747 provider airplane, took off from Mojave Air and Area Port in Southern California today at 4:39 p.m. EST (2139 GMT; 1:39 p.m. regional California time) with LauncherOne below its wing.
The airplane flew southwest for about 70 minutes up until it reached its designated drop zone, a spot of the Pacific Ocean about 50 miles (80 kilometers) southwest of California's Channel Islands. Cosmic Lady launched LauncherOne at 5:52 p.m. EST (2252 GMT), at an elevation of approximately 35,000 feet (10,700 meters), and the two-stage rocket powered its method to orbit.
All 7 payloads were effectively released into their prepared orbit, a circular course 310 miles (500 km) above Earth, Virgin Orbit announced via Twitter at 6:53 p.m. EST (2353 GMT).
In images: Virgin Orbit's LauncherOne rocket for satellite objectives
And there we have it, folks! We have actually simply spoken with Objective Control that NewtonThree effectively reignited and released all client spacecraft into their target orbit. Another wonderful day for the Virgin Orbit group, and a huge advance for our clients.January 13, 2022
Series of successes
Virgin Orbit strategies to take a substantial share of the small-satellite market with Cosmic Lady and the 70-foot-long (21 m) LauncherOne, which can providing 1,100 pounds (500 kgs) to orbit on each objective.
Virgin Orbit mentions its air-launch method– which it shows area tourist clothing Virgin Galactic, likewise part of billionaire Richard Branson's Virgin Group– as an essential benefit, providing clients more versatility and responsiveness than they can get with conventional vertically released rockets.
" We're constantly trying to find versatility, due to the fact that we require to be able to act and have the ability to offer the innovation not just that works however likewise in a prompt way," Col. Carlos Quiñones, director of the U.S. armed force's Area Test Program (STP), a client on today's objective, stated throughout Virgin Orbit's launch webcast today.
Releasing a rocket from an airplane enables "that versatility, due to the fact that now you're not particularly connected to a particular ground point and the obstacles that can feature that," Quiñones included. "So I believe we're delighted about seeing where this innovation goes and the chance [that comes with] that."
LauncherOne flew for the very first time in May 2020 on a test flight that brought no satellites. That objective stopped working after a fuel line in the rocket's first-stage engine burst.
The 2nd flight– another test, which took place in January 2021– worked out: LauncherOne provided 10 cubesats into orbit for NASA's Educational Release of Nanosatellites program. The test stage was over by flight 3, which effectively lofted 7 little satellites in June 2021
Today's objective, which Virgin Orbit called "Above the Clouds" after a 1998 tune by Gang Starr, likewise brought 7 satellites. 4 are sponsored by the STP, which does a great deal of research study and advancement for the Area Force
" These are experiments that they're flying, normally to check area innovations and advanced satellites and interaction," Virgin Orbit CEO Dan Hart stated throughout a prelaunch call with press reporters on Tuesday (Jan. 11).
Virgin Orbit's provider airplane, Cosmic Lady, takes off from Mojave Air and Area Port on Jan. 13, 2022, with the business's LauncherOne rocket under one wing. ( Image credit: Virgin Orbit)
Among the STP-sponsored experiments, called Pathfinder for Autonomous Navigation, will show cost-effective, self-governing rendezvous and docking innovation utilizing 2 small cubesats, Virgin Orbit agents stated throughout today's launch webcast.
Another one, a cubesat constructed by NASA's Ames Proving ground in California called Innovation Education Satellite-13, will show nanosatellite-class artificial intelligence and advanced interaction, to name a few tech. The 4th STP-sponsored payload, the Global Star Assessment and Danger Decrease Satellite, is a U.S. Flying Force Lab cubesat experiment that intends to see how successfully a model spot put on a satellite's outside can collect and transfer info about the craft's health.
Polish business SatRevolution offered 2 of the other 3 satellites on "Above the Clouds." Among them will sign up with SatRevolution's Stork constellation of Earth-observation spacecraft; the other, called SteamSat-2, will provide water-fueled thrusters established by English business SteamJet Area Systems an off-Earth test.
The seventh satellite that increased today, called Adler-1, comes from San Francisco-based business Spire International. The 12-inch-long (30 centimeters) spacecraft will study the area particles environment in low Earth orbit, Virgin Orbit agents stated.
SatRevolution and the STP are repeat clients for Virgin Orbit: 4 STP satellites and 2 Stork spacecraft flew on the June 2021 objective, which was called "Tubular Bells: Part One." (That name originated from another tune– the very first track off Mike Oldfield's 1973 album "Tubular Bells," which was the very first launched by Branson's Virgin Records. "Decisive moment," the Gang Starr album which contains "Above the Clouds," was a Virgin release too.)
Cubesats: Tiny payloads, substantial advantages for area research study
A hectic year ahead
" Above the Clouds" started what need to be a hectic year for Virgin Orbit. The business prepares to release 5 more objectives in 2022, consisting of 2 from Spaceport Cornwall in England. (The other 3 will take off from Mojave Air and Area Port.)
" The Cornwall launches are targeted around the middle of the year– summer season," Hart stated throughout Tuesday's call.
" That's asserted on making it through the licensing procedure effectively and a few of the logistics, however that is what we're driving for," he stated. "And [the first Cornwall flight] will be the very first launch ever from U.K. soil and the very first [orbital] launch ever from the European location."
Virgin Orbit is working to extend its launch operations to other regions too. Guam might be next in line; the business has actually currently laid significant foundation towards introducing from the Pacific island, Hart stated. Virgin Orbit likewise has actually signed arrangements to release from Japan and Brazil.
" In addition, we are having conversations and various levels of activities with a variety of other nations consisting of Australia and numerous European nations, along with nations in other locations," Hart stated. "So it's a relatively hot subject for us nowadays."
Mike Wall is the author of " Out There" (Grand Central Publishing, 2018; shown by Karl Tate), a book about the look for alien life. Follow him on Twitter@michaeldwall Follow us on Twitter @Spacedotcom or on Facebook
Tags: FourthLaunchmidairOrbitsatellitesSendsVirgin
Struggling to Manage Day-To-Day Business? Here Are Some Solutions

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
using System;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using HiLaarIsch.Contract.DTOs;
using HiLaarIsch.Filters;
using HiLaarIsch.Services;
using HiLaarIsch.Models;
using QuantumHive.Core;

namespace HiLaarIsch.Controllers
{
    [RoutePrefix("account")]
    public class AccountController : Controller
    {
        private readonly IAuthenticationManager<UserView> authenticationManager;
        private readonly UserManager userManager;

        public AccountController(
            IAuthenticationManager<UserView> authenticationManager,
            UserManager userManager)
        {
            this.authenticationManager = authenticationManager;
            this.userManager = userManager;
        }

        [HttpGet, Route("login")]
        public ActionResult Login()
        {
            if (this.User.Identity.IsAuthenticated)
            {
                return this.RedirectToRoot();
            }
            return this.View(model: string.Empty);
        }

        [HttpPost, Route("login")]
        [ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
        public ActionResult Login(string email, string password)
        {
            var user = this.userManager.FindByEmail(email);
            if(user == null || !user.EmailConfirmed)
            {

                return this.View(model: email);
            }

            if(!this.userManager.CheckPassword(user.Id, password))
            {
                return this.View(model: email);
            }

            this.authenticationManager.SignIn(user);

            return this.RedirectToRoot();
        }

        [Authorize]
        [HttpPost, Route("logoff")]
        [ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
        public ActionResult Logoff()
        {
            this.authenticationManager.SignOut();
            return this.RedirectToRoot();
        }

        [HttpGet, Route("confirm")]
        public ActionResult Confirm(int userId, string mailToken)
        {
            if (this.ValidateUserForConfirmation(userId) &&
                this.userManager.VerifyEmailToken(userId, mailToken))
            {
                var model = new ResetPasswordViewModel
                {
                    UserId = userId,
                    MailToken = mailToken,
                };
                return this.View(model);
            }

            return this.RedirectToRoot();
        }

        [HttpPost, Route("confirm")]
        [ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
        public ActionResult Confirm(ResetPasswordViewModel model)
        {
            if (this.ModelState.IsValid &&
                this.ValidateUserForConfirmation(model.UserId) &&
                this.userManager.VerifyEmailToken(model.UserId, model.MailToken))
            {
                this.userManager.ConfirmEmail(model.UserId);
                //TODO: passwordvalidator
                this.userManager.ResetPassword(model.UserId, model.NewPassword);
                return this.RedirectToRoot();
            }
            return this.View(model);
        }

        private bool ValidateUserForConfirmation(int userId)
        {
            if (this.User.Identity.IsAuthenticated)
            {
                return false;
            }

            var user = this.userManager.GetById(userId);
            if(user == null || user.EmailConfirmed)
            {
                return false;
            }

            return true;
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
package cmd

import (
	"bytes"
	"context"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"net"
	"net/http"
	"os"
	"os/exec"
	"path/filepath"
	"runtime"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"time"

	"github.com/cilium/workerpool"
	"github.com/spf13/cobra"

	"github.com/cilium/cilium/pkg/components"
	"github.com/cilium/cilium/pkg/defaults"
)

// BugtoolRootCmd is the top level command for the bugtool.
var BugtoolRootCmd = &cobra.Command{
	Use:   "cilium-bugtool [OPTIONS]",
	Short: "Collects agent & system information useful for bug reporting",
	Example: `	# Collect information and create archive file
	$ cilium-bugtool
	[...]

	# Collect and retrieve archive if Cilium is running in a Kubernetes pod
	$ kubectl get pods --namespace kube-system
	NAME                          READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
	cilium-kg8lv                  1/1       Running   0          13m
	[...]
	$ kubectl -n kube-system exec cilium-kg8lv -- cilium-bugtool
	$ kubectl cp kube-system/cilium-kg8lv:/tmp/cilium-bugtool-243785589.tar /tmp/cilium-bugtool-243785589.tar`,
	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
		runTool()
	},
}

const (
	disclaimer = `DISCLAIMER
This tool has copied information about your environment.
If you are going to register a issue on GitHub, please
only provide files from the archive you have reviewed
for sensitive information.
`
	defaultDumpPath = "/tmp"
)

var (
	archive                  bool
	archiveType              string
	k8s                      bool
	dumpPath                 string
	host                     string
	k8sNamespace             string
	k8sLabel                 string
	execTimeout              time.Duration
	configPath               string
	dryRunMode               bool
	enableMarkdown           bool
	archivePrefix            string
	getPProf                 bool
	envoyDump                bool
	pprofPort                int
	traceSeconds             int
	parallelWorkers          int
	ciliumAgentContainerName string
)

func init() {
	BugtoolRootCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&archive, "archive", true, "Create archive when false skips deletion of the output directory")
	BugtoolRootCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&getPProf, "get-pprof", false, "When set, only gets the pprof traces from the cilium-agent binary")
	BugtoolRootCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&envoyDump, "envoy-dump", true, "When set, dump envoy configuration from unix socket")
	BugtoolRootCmd.Flags().IntVar(&pprofPort,
		"pprof-port", defaults.PprofPortAgent,
		fmt.Sprintf(
			"Pprof port to connect to. Known Cilium component ports are agent:%d, operator:%d, apiserver:%d",
			defaults.PprofPortAgent, defaults.PprofPortOperator, defaults.PprofPortAPIServer,
		),
	)
	BugtoolRootCmd.Flags().IntVar(&traceSeconds, "pprof-trace-seconds", 180, "Amount of seconds used for pprof CPU traces")
	BugtoolRootCmd.Flags().StringVarP(&archiveType, "archiveType", "o", "tar", "Archive type: tar | gz")
	BugtoolRootCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&k8s, "k8s-mode", false, "Require Kubernetes pods to be found or fail")
	BugtoolRootCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&dryRunMode, "dry-run", false, "Create configuration file of all commands that would have been executed")
	BugtoolRootCmd.Flags().StringVarP(&dumpPath, "tmp", "t", defaultDumpPath, "Path to store extracted files. Use '-' to send to stdout.")
	BugtoolRootCmd.Flags().StringVarP(&host, "host", "H", "", "URI to server-side API")
	BugtoolRootCmd.Flags().StringVarP(&k8sNamespace, "k8s-namespace", "", "kube-system", "Kubernetes namespace for Cilium pod")
	BugtoolRootCmd.Flags().StringVarP(&k8sLabel, "k8s-label", "", "k8s-app=cilium", "Kubernetes label for Cilium pod")
	BugtoolRootCmd.Flags().DurationVarP(&execTimeout, "exec-timeout", "", 30*time.Second, "The default timeout for any cmd execution in seconds")
	BugtoolRootCmd.Flags().StringVarP(&configPath, "config", "", "./.cilium-bugtool.config", "Configuration to decide what should be run")
	BugtoolRootCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&enableMarkdown, "enable-markdown", false, "Dump output of commands in markdown format")
	BugtoolRootCmd.Flags().StringVarP(&archivePrefix, "archive-prefix", "", "", "String to prefix to name of archive if created (e.g., with cilium pod-name)")
	BugtoolRootCmd.Flags().IntVar(&parallelWorkers, "parallel-workers", 0, "Maximum number of parallel worker tasks, use 0 for number of CPUs")
	BugtoolRootCmd.Flags().StringVarP(&ciliumAgentContainerName, "cilium-agent-container-name", "", "cilium-agent", "Name of the Cilium Agent main container (when k8s-mode is true)")
}

func getVerifyCiliumPods() (k8sPods []string) {
	if k8s {
		var err error
		// By default try to pick either Kubernetes or non-k8s (host mode). If
		// we find Cilium pod(s) then it's k8s-mode otherwise host mode.
		// Passing extra flags can override the default.
		k8sPods, err = getCiliumPods(k8sNamespace, k8sLabel)
		// When the k8s flag is set, perform extra checks that we actually do have pods or fail.
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error: %s\nFailed to find pods, is kube-apiserver running?\n", err)
			os.Exit(1)
		}
		if len(k8sPods) < 1 {
			fmt.Fprint(os.Stderr, "Found no pods, is kube-apiserver running?\n")
			os.Exit(1)
		}
	}
	if os.Getuid() != 0 && !k8s && len(k8sPods) == 0 {
		// When the k8s flag is not set and the user is not root,
		// debuginfo and BPF related commands can fail.
		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Warning, some of the BPF commands might fail when run as not root\n")
	}

	return k8sPods
}

func removeIfEmpty(dir string) {
	d, err := os.Open(dir)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Failed to open directory %s\n", err)
		return
	}
	defer d.Close()

	files, err := d.Readdir(-1)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Failed to read directory %s\n", err)
		return
	} else if len(files) == 0 {
		if err := os.Remove(dir); err != nil {
			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Failed to delete directory %s\n", err)
			return
		}
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Deleted empty directory %s\n", dir)
}

func isValidArchiveType(archiveType string) bool {
	switch archiveType {
	case
		"tar",
		"gz":
		return true
	}
	return false
}

func runTool() {
	// Validate archive type
	if !isValidArchiveType(archiveType) {
		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error: unsupported output type: %s, must be one of tar|gz\n", archiveType)
		os.Exit(1)
	}

	// Prevent collision with other directories
	nowStr := time.Now().Format("20060102-150405.999-0700-MST")
	var prefix string
	if archivePrefix != "" {
		prefix = fmt.Sprintf("%s-cilium-bugtool-%s-", archivePrefix, nowStr)
	} else {
		prefix = fmt.Sprintf("cilium-bugtool-%s-", nowStr)
	}
	sendArchiveToStdout := false
	if dumpPath == "-" {
		sendArchiveToStdout = true
		dumpPath = defaultDumpPath
	}
	dbgDir, err := os.MkdirTemp(dumpPath, prefix)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Failed to create debug directory %s\n", err)
		os.Exit(1)
	}
	defer cleanup(dbgDir)
	cmdDir := createDir(dbgDir, "cmd")
	confDir := createDir(dbgDir, "conf")

	k8sPods := getVerifyCiliumPods()

	var commands []string
	if dryRunMode {
		dryRun(configPath, k8sPods, confDir, cmdDir)
		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Configuration file at %s\n", configPath)
		return
	}

	if getPProf {
		err := pprofTraces(cmdDir)
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Failed to create debug directory %s\n", err)
			os.Exit(1)
		}
	} else {
		if envoyDump {
			if err := dumpEnvoy(cmdDir); err != nil {
				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Unable to dump envoy config: %s\n", err)
			}
		}

		// Check if there is a user supplied configuration
		if config, _ := loadConfigFile(configPath); config != nil {
			// All of of the commands run are from the configuration file
			commands = config.Commands
		}
		if len(commands) == 0 {
			// Found no configuration file or empty so fall back to default commands.
			commands = defaultCommands(confDir, cmdDir, k8sPods)
		}
		defer printDisclaimer()

		runAll(commands, cmdDir, k8sPods)
	}

	removeIfEmpty(cmdDir)
	removeIfEmpty(confDir)

	if archive {
		switch archiveType {
		case "gz":
			gzipPath, err := createGzip(dbgDir, sendArchiveToStdout)
			if err != nil {
				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Failed to create gzip %s\n", err)
				os.Exit(1)
			}
			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\nGZIP at %s\n", gzipPath)
		case "tar":
			archivePath, err := createArchive(dbgDir, sendArchiveToStdout)
			if err != nil {
				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Failed to create archive %s\n", err)
				os.Exit(1)
			}
			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\nARCHIVE at %s\n", archivePath)
		}
	} else {
		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\nDIRECTORY at %s\n", dbgDir)
	}
}

// dryRun creates the configuration file to show the user what would have been run.
// The same file can be used to modify what will be run by the bugtool.
func dryRun(configPath string, k8sPods []string, confDir, cmdDir string) {
	_, err := setupDefaultConfig(configPath, k8sPods, confDir, cmdDir)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error: %s", err)
		os.Exit(1)
	}
}

func printDisclaimer() {
	fmt.Fprint(os.Stderr, disclaimer)
}

func cleanup(dbgDir string) {
	if archive {
		var files []string

		switch archiveType {
		case "gz":
			files = append(files, dbgDir)
			files = append(files, fmt.Sprintf("%s.tar", dbgDir))
		case "tar":
			files = append(files, dbgDir)
		}

		for _, file := range files {
			if err := os.RemoveAll(file); err != nil {
				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Failed to cleanup temporary files %s\n", err)
			}
		}
	}
}

func createDir(dbgDir string, newDir string) string {
	confDir := filepath.Join(dbgDir, newDir)
	if err := os.Mkdir(confDir, defaults.RuntimePathRights); err != nil {
		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Failed to create %s info directory %s\n", newDir, err)
		return dbgDir
	}
	return confDir
}

func podPrefix(pod, cmd string) string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("kubectl exec %s -c %s -n %s -- %s", pod, ciliumAgentContainerName, k8sNamespace, cmd)
}

func runAll(commands []string, cmdDir string, k8sPods []string) {
	if len(commands) == 0 {
		return
	}

	if parallelWorkers <= 0 {
		parallelWorkers = runtime.NumCPU()
	}

	wp := workerpool.New(parallelWorkers)
	for _, cmd := range commands {
		if strings.Contains(cmd, "tables") {
			// iptables commands hold locks so we can't have multiple runs. They
			// have to be run one at a time to avoid 'Another app is currently
			// holding the xtables lock...'
			writeCmdToFile(cmdDir, cmd, k8sPods, enableMarkdown, nil)
			continue
		}

		cmd := cmd // https://golang.org/doc/faq#closures_and_goroutines
		err := wp.Submit(cmd, func(_ context.Context) error {
			if strings.Contains(cmd, "xfrm state") {
				//  Output of 'ip -s xfrm state' needs additional processing to replace
				// raw keys by their hash.
				writeCmdToFile(cmdDir, cmd, k8sPods, enableMarkdown, hashEncryptionKeys)
			} else {
				writeCmdToFile(cmdDir, cmd, k8sPods, enableMarkdown, nil)
			}
			return nil
		})
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Failed to submit task for command %q: %v\n", cmd, err)
			return
		}
	}

	// wait for all submitted tasks to complete
	_, err := wp.Drain()
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error waiting for commands to complete: %v\n", err)
	}

	err = wp.Close()
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Failed to close worker pool: %v\n", err)
	}
}

func execCommand(prompt string) ([]byte, error) {
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), execTimeout)
	defer cancel()
	output, err := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "bash", "-c", prompt).CombinedOutput()
	if errors.Is(ctx.Err(), context.DeadlineExceeded) {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("exec timeout")
	}
	return output, err
}

// writeCmdToFile will execute command and write markdown output to a file
func writeCmdToFile(cmdDir, prompt string, k8sPods []string, enableMarkdown bool, postProcess func(output []byte) []byte) {
	// Clean up the filename
	name := strings.Replace(prompt, "/", " ", -1)
	name = strings.Replace(name, " ", "-", -1)
	f, err := os.Create(filepath.Join(cmdDir, name+".md"))
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Could not create file %s\n", err)
		return
	}
	defer f.Close()

	cmd, args := split(prompt)

	if len(k8sPods) == 0 {
		// The command does not exist, abort.
		if _, err := exec.LookPath(cmd); err != nil {
			os.Remove(f.Name())
			return
		}
	} else if len(args) > 5 {
		// Boundary check is necessary to skip other non exec kubectl
		// commands.
		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), execTimeout)
		defer cancel()
		if _, err := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "kubectl", "exec",
			args[1], "-n", args[3], "--", "which",
			args[5]).CombinedOutput(); err != nil || errors.Is(ctx.Err(), context.DeadlineExceeded) {
			os.Remove(f.Name())
			return
		}
	}

	var output []byte

	// If we don't need to postprocess the command output, write the output to a file directly
	// without buffering.
	if !enableMarkdown && postProcess == nil {
		cmd := exec.Command("bash", "-c", prompt)
		cmd.Stdout = f
		cmd.Stderr = f
		err = cmd.Run()
	} else {
		output, err = execCommand(prompt)
		// Post-process the output if necessary
		if postProcess != nil {
			output = postProcess(output)
		}

		// We deliberately continue in case there was a error but the output
		// produced might have useful information
		if bytes.Contains(output, []byte("```")) || !enableMarkdown {
			// Already contains Markdown, print as is.
			fmt.Fprint(f, string(output))
		} else if enableMarkdown && len(output) > 0 {
			// Write prompt as header and the output as body, and/or error but delete empty output.
			fmt.Fprint(f, fmt.Sprintf("# %s\n\n```\n%s\n```\n", prompt, output))
		}
	}

	if err != nil {
		fmt.Fprintf(f, "> Error while running '%s':  %s\n\n", prompt, err)
	}
}

// split takes a command prompt and returns the command and arguments separately
func split(prompt string) (string, []string) {
	// Split the command and arguments
	split := strings.Split(prompt, " ")
	argc := len(split)
	var args []string
	cmd := split[0]

	if argc > 1 {
		args = split[1:]
	}

	return cmd, args
}

func getCiliumPods(namespace, label string) ([]string, error) {
	output, err := execCommand(fmt.Sprintf("kubectl -n %s get pods -l %s", namespace, label))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	lines := bytes.Split(output, []byte("\n"))
	ciliumPods := make([]string, 0, len(lines))
	for _, l := range lines {
		if !bytes.HasPrefix(l, []byte("cilium")) {
			continue
		}
		// NAME           READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
		// cilium-cfmww   0/1       Running   0          3m
		// ^
		pod := bytes.Split(l, []byte(" "))[0]
		ciliumPods = append(ciliumPods, string(pod))
	}

	return ciliumPods, nil
}

func dumpEnvoy(rootDir string) error {
	// curl --unix-socket /var/run/cilium/envoy-admin.sock http:/admin/config_dump\?include_eds > dump.json
	c := &http.Client{
		Transport: &http.Transport{
			DialContext: func(_ context.Context, _, _ string) (net.Conn, error) {
				return net.Dial("unix", "/var/run/cilium/envoy-admin.sock")
			},
		},
	}
	return downloadToFile(c, "http://admin/config_dump?include_eds", filepath.Join(rootDir, "envoy-config.json"))
}

func pprofTraces(rootDir string) error {
	var wg sync.WaitGroup
	var profileErr error
	pprofHost := fmt.Sprintf("localhost:%d", pprofPort)
	wg.Add(1)
	httpClient := http.DefaultClient
	go func() {
		url := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/debug/pprof/profile?seconds=%d", pprofHost, traceSeconds)
		dir := filepath.Join(rootDir, "pprof-cpu")
		profileErr = downloadToFile(httpClient, url, dir)
		wg.Done()
	}()

	url := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/debug/pprof/trace?seconds=%d", pprofHost, traceSeconds)
	dir := filepath.Join(rootDir, "pprof-trace")
	err := downloadToFile(httpClient, url, dir)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	url = fmt.Sprintf("http://%s/debug/pprof/heap?debug=1", pprofHost)
	dir = filepath.Join(rootDir, "pprof-heap")
	err = downloadToFile(httpClient, url, dir)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	cmd := fmt.Sprintf("gops stack $(pidof %s)", components.CiliumAgentName)
	writeCmdToFile(rootDir, cmd, nil, enableMarkdown, nil)

	cmd = fmt.Sprintf("gops stats $(pidof %s)", components.CiliumAgentName)
	writeCmdToFile(rootDir, cmd, nil, enableMarkdown, nil)

	cmd = fmt.Sprintf("gops memstats $(pidof %s)", components.CiliumAgentName)
	writeCmdToFile(rootDir, cmd, nil, enableMarkdown, nil)

	wg.Wait()
	if profileErr != nil {
		return profileErr
	}
	return nil
}

func downloadToFile(client *http.Client, url, file string) error {
	out, err := os.Create(file)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer out.Close()

	resp, err := client.Get(url)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer resp.Body.Close()
	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
		return fmt.Errorf("bad status: %s", resp.Status)
	}
	_, err = io.Copy(out, resp.Body)
	return err
}


text:
A Legal Look At What's Next Now That The Russia Investigation Has Ended
Published March 22, 2019 at 4:51 PM PDT
All right, let's get a legal perspective now. Sitting in the studio with me is Jeffrey Rosen of the National Constitution Center. Thanks for being in here again.
JEFFREY ROSEN: Great to be back.
CHANG: Well, we know from NPR's Carrie Johnson that special counsel Robert Mueller is not going to be recommending additional indictments. Now, you said earlier in the show today that that fact does not necessarily mean an exoneration of President Trump. Explain what you mean by that.
ROSEN: Robert Mueller, like the Justice Department, believes that the president cannot be indicted. That's been settled Justice Department policy since the Nixon administration, and although some disagree with it, it's not a surprise that Mueller is following it. Therefore, the fact that Trump is not being indicted says nothing about whether any facts revealed by Mueller might be grounds for future criminal prosecution after he leaves office or for possible impeachment. And that's why we just can't know until we read the report...
CHANG: Right.
ROSEN: ...Exactly what the legal consequences are.
CHANG: There could have been a finding of criminal behavior, but just because it's the Justice Department's discretion not to indict a sitting president, that's why there may not be indictments from this Mueller report. Let's talk about impeachment, the I-word; that's been something one swath of the country has been talking about in anticipation of this report. Remind us, what are the standards for impeachment?
ROSEN: Well, President Ford, when he was a congressman, said impeachment is whatever the House says it is. But broadly, people think that to be a high crime or a misdemeanor - which is what the Constitution says; treason, bribery or other high crimes and misdemeanors - not all criminal conduct is impeachable, and not all impeachable conduct is criminal.
CHANG: What does that mean?
ROSEN: Well, it can mean whatever the House says.
CHANG: (Laughter).
ROSEN: And ultimately, whatever the Senate says. But it could mean that, if President Trump committed actions that fall short of criminal collusion but still the House thinks show a corrupt intent to throw the election to Russia, they might well indict him, and the Senate could or could not convict him and similarly for questions involving obstruction. So really, as E.J. Dionne said earlier on the show, you know, it's up to the Senate to convict, but the criminal nature of the report does not determine whether or not it could constitute a high crime or misdemeanor.
CHANG: In other words, impeachment is much more of a political standard, not a strictly legal one. High crime and misdemeanors - we don't mean that in the technical, criminal, legal sense.
ROSEN: It's a mix of politics and law. And certainly, if there is absolutely no evidence of criminal wrongdoing, and if there were an actual exoneration finding that Trump had nothing to do with collusion, that would significantly decrease the case for impeachment. But that's unlikely to be the case, given the complexity of the impeach - of the collusion and obstruction charges themselves.
CHANG: OK, so the president's legal team has made remarks in the past that they might try at some point to invoke executive privilege, to perhaps block parts of the report from going public. How would that work? What qualifies as executive privilege, and when can you invoke it?
ROSEN: So the U.S. v. Nixon case unsurprisingly tells us about executive privilege. The president can invoke it whenever he likes, but it generally covers either deliberative privilege - his ability to make decisions within the White House - or important foreign policy questions. So broadly, it does not cover pre-presidential conduct - most people agree - but if the House were to subpoena his notes with President Putin, for example, then he could claim that is at the core of my foreign policy function and return to - refuse to turn it over, and that could give rise to a dispute. But broadly, it can be pleaded in all sorts of situations, and it might even go up to the Supreme Court.
CHANG: That's Jeffrey Rosen. Thank you so much.
ROSEN: Thank you. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


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Listen or watch this inspiring jam session with Jen and her longtime mentor, Bonnie Gillespie.
It's all about THE WORK! Actor Jen Ponton shares her ninja tactics for getting to the next tier, why MORTIFIED is a great workout, about four seasons of her own brilliant show, and how Paul Feig shoulda seen her coming in this fun interview on Blab (and at iTunes).


text:
Home NDDC We Need Private Sector for Infrastructure Development, NDDC MD
We Need Private Sector for Infrastructure Development, NDDC MD
The Managing Director of the Niger Delta Development Commission, NDDC, Mr. Nsima Ekere, says the Commission has embraced the Public-Private Partnership, PPP, option to galvanise the infrastructure delivery drive in the Niger Delta region.
The NDDC Chief Executive Officer stated this during a courtesy visit by a delegation from the Infrastructure Concession Regulatory Commission, ICRC, at the Commission's headquarters in Port Harcourt.
Ekere, who was represented by the NDDC Executive Director Projects, Engr. (Dr) Samuel Adjogbe, remarked that the NDDC was urgently seeking ways to stimulate industrial growth in the Niger Delta region, noting that it was adopting the PPP option in the execution of a Niger Delta Regional Power Pool Project.
He remarked that the power project was one of the critical areas where private sector participation was required to encourage investors to set up industries in the Niger Delta, lamenting that the high cost of power in the region was increasing the operational cost of industries and thus serving as a disincentive.
According to the NDDC boss, there was need to make a deliberate effort to set up projects that can boost power and attract investors to the region. He said: "We have identified industrial parks in different parts of the region and we intend to support them with the power project."
Ekere said that the NDDC was partnering with the Small and Medium Enterprises Development Agency of Nigeria, SMEDAN and the Nigerian Export Import Bank, NEXIM, to help provide employment for the youths.
He added that the Commission was working towards establishing of Nigeria's first and grandest enterprise innovation and growth hub in the Niger Delta. "We are also working on setting up the Niger Delta Development Bank to ensure sustainable development beyond oil," the MD said.
He declared: "We are determined to create more jobs to fight unemployment. We want to fight poverty, we want to fight restiveness and this is one way we can use to ensure that militancy is eradicated in the Niger Delta.
"We need an attitudinal change in the Niger Delta. We have agitated long enough. We now need to harness our energies for development efforts."
He said that internet penetration in the Niger Delta was another area of focus for the Commission, in its efforts to link the entire region with fibre optics. He stated that the leadership of the Commission recently visited São Tomé and Principe to discuss with the country's Prime Minister on the possibility of benefiting from their own excess internet capacity.
In his address, the Acting Director-General of ICRC, Engr. Chidi Izuwah Snr, said that the delegation was in the Niger Delta region on a monitoring visit to Federal PPP/Concession projects in Port Harcourt and Onne areas.
He said that infrastructural development was important, considering the magnitude of government expenditures in recent years and the level of infrastructure deficit in Nigeria. "Infrastructure and its related services are critical to the operation and efficiency of a modern economy," he remarked.
Given the huge amounts needed and the drive necessary for development, Engr. Izuwah said that the Nigerian government lacked the resources to drive development on its own and had thus among other options embarked upon the use of Public Private Partnerships, PPPs.
Consequently, he affirmed that the huge and extensive responsibility of the NDDC in fast-tracking the development and growth of the Niger Delta region, should be implemented using the PPP option.
Towards this end, he proposed a summit on revolutionizing infrastructure delivery in the Niger Delta region through PPP which would be convened by NDDC in collaboration with the ICRC to showcase and highlight to investors, financiers and development actors the critical infrastructure value chain opportunities in the region.
NDDC MD
We Need Private Sector for Infrastructure Development
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Quantide is specialised in supporting companies for the management of sales data, sales analysis and relations with Customers.
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When he appeared in Wang Lin s hands, he immediately felt the fierce flame on it.
Wang Lin regained his gaze and ignored the Shen Gonghu and turned to walk deep into the Leichi.


Apparently Safety Not Guaranteed came out last year but I don't remember ever seeing any trailers or hearing a thing about it. I'm really glad that I stumbled upon it on Netflix. Simply put, this was one of the most outstanding films I've seen in quite some time. It was completely original and the type of screenplay that I'd want to write. In fact, the movie itself reminded me of a Missed Connections ad that I posted here on my blog a couple years back (check it out here).
Charming, funny and surprisingly profound, I would definitely recommend seeing Safety Not Guaranteed. The cast was superb. This is a movie for people with an open mind and a longing for the past. If you've ever had your heart broken or known pain of any kind- the type of wound that time didn't seem to heal, this movie will capture that feeling. You'll finish with a sense that you're not in this thing alone.
*This song fits the film perfectly!


text:
Scratch Factory
The home of Corey Reid. He makes things up.
Tweets by @barsoomcore
RIP Anne Filipowski 1970-2008
This is Anne Filipowski, one of my favourite people ever.
When I first came to Toronto, I was shuttling back and forth between two offices: the offices of BetCorp's software and marketing division, on Richmond Street at Spadina, and the offices of Bodog Music, on Yonge Street -- at FINCH (or thereabouts -- for you non-Torontonians, that's like TEN MILES from downtown). It was February, 2007, and after ten years in Vancouver, Toronto was ghastly. Cold, howling winds, and mile after mile of flat, unbroken cityscape. No mountains. No beaches. No bald eagles. Very very few harbour seals.
The Bodog Music office was a bit of a ramshackle affair, with customer service reps in dingy grey cubicles, office supplies scattered about and my team -- a couple of php developers, a few designers and a project manager -- stuffed into dark offices seemingly as far away from the rest of the company as possible.
There was a really kitchen area, though. And a great balcony, which in Toronto in February is not quite as enticing as you might think.
I knew not a soul in Toronto. I could barely find my way to the office. And Torontonian are, well, Lord love them, but they just aren't quite as... friendly... as Westerners. They try.
Some of them.
So it was kind of lonely for Corey in those first few weeks. But I always looked forward to the long trek up to the Bodog Music office, because I knew I would end up crossing paths and inevitably sarcastic barbs with the operations manager, Anne Filipowski. At some point in my day there would come the solemn exchange:
"Reid."
"Filipowski."
I actually had to practice saying her name so that I could deliver it in the same deadpan monotone she did mine. I'm not kidding. I'd be on the subway, repeating "Filipowski, Filipowski, Filipowski," the whole way up. Maybe the apparent unfriendliness of Torontonians isn't so hard to explain.
But of course, that was only the opening salvo. Then came the exchange of sarcastic quips, sneers, and non sequiturs. The goal was always to make her laugh before I cracked up, but I came off the worse most of the time. Filipowski had a serious deadpan, and had that knack for sprinkling her outrageous sarcasm with enough outrageous sincerity that you were always wondering if she really meant that or if... and then you'd see that grin and you knew she'd gotten you again.
It was exciting because it was a challenge. Filipowski had that effect on people -- she raised everyone's game. You had to pay attention around Anne, because she was so smart and always paying attention and if you didn't keep up, you were going to get shown up. But always with humour and always with respect for others.
Even if Toronto had stayed as unpleasant as it was that February (and it hasn't, by the way; love this town), it still would have been worth coming here to meet Anne. Last time I saw her we went to an Argentinian restaurant for lunch (Argentinian food means steak, apparently) and she told me wacky stories about driving around Greece and we laughed about the lunacy of this business we both worked in. I had hoped at some point that FreshBooks would find itself needing a woman of Filipowski's immense talents, but it never happened.
She also promised to take me out to lunch next time. Damn it.
Corey's big project right now is this forthcoming comic book, about a group of five awesome ninja girls, sent to a correctional academy on NINJA ISLAND! You can buy the first issue here.
Games (124) Unspecified Coolness (96) film (95) Review (83) Thinking (76) DINO-PIRATES (50) Writing (38) Swordfighting (31) setting design (23) music (20) genre (16) art (15) Download (13) Initiative (7) pulp history (6) maps (5) REFORM SCHOOL NINJA GIRLS (4) GenCon (3) gorilla pirate (1)
Things That Are Awesome
Sustainable Silliness
HoHoTO!


The final verses of Parshas Behar caution us in the observance of a number of mitzvos stated previously in the Torah. Rashi explains that the Torah directs these warnings at the person discussed in the preceding verses—a Jew who has sold himself into slavery to a non-Jew. He might assume, says Rashi, "Since my master has illicit relations… worships idols… desecrates the Shabbos, I may also be like him." The Torah therefore warns that despite his subjugation to a non-Jew, he must nevertheless observe the mitzvos. Theparsha then concludes, "I am Hashem,"—"Who is faithful to give reward" (Rashi); i.e., the slave's devotion to the Torah despite his circumstances will not go unrewarded.
Though every person who observes the mitzvos elicits a divine response, the Torah makes special mention that G-d will reward the slave because the slave might suspect that in his current situation he is incapable of receiving divine compensation.
Everything we have comes from G-d: our rains and our crops, our health and our livelihood. Still, the "G-dliness" of our blessings, i.e., the degree to which their divine source is revealed, varies.
During the Shemittah year, for example, when agricultural work in the Land of Israel is prohibited, the survival of the Jewish people living in Israel is distinctively and recognizably supernatural. Now, in truth, a Jew's needs arealways provided for supernaturally—just as the Jewish nation has been miraculously preserved by G-d throughout history. But in the non-Shemittah years, when G-d instructs us, "Six years you shall sow your field, and six years you shall prune your vineyard," our trulysupernatural blessings come to us through a natural vehicle—our physical toil and the workings of nature.
For a non-Jew, the garb of nature through which G-d provides is even more concealing. So much so, that a non-Jew is prone to believe that the forces of nature determine his sustenance and that they are not merely carrying out the will of G-d (see Devarim 4:19).
Since the Jewish slave of a non-Jew is dependent upon his gentile master for his sustenance, he might begin to assume that he, too, is (currently) incapable of receiving the divine reward for observing the Shabbos and refraining from idol-worship—rewards which certainly transcend any natural disguise whatsoever. The Torah therefore reiterates that G-d Himself—"who is faithful to give reward"—has given the commandments, and He can and will fully compensate all who observe the mitzvos, regardless of their current circumstances.


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text:
American Journal of Industrial and Business Management
Vol.4 No.4(2014), Article ID:44555,8 pages DOI:10.4236/ajibm.2014.44025
Empirical Research on the Influence of Organizational Support on Psychological Capital
Qingshan Hui1*, Xuansheng Cao2, Le Lou2, Hua He3
1Research Center of Manufacturing Enterprises Management Innovation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
2Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
3Institute of Management Decision, Guangdong Social Sciences Academy, Guangzhou, China
Email: *mssgd@163.com
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY).
Received 20 February 2014; revised 20 March 2014; accepted 27 March 2014
Psychological capital is an individual's positive psychological state of development, which has four features and five criteria. Psychological capital structure in Chinese cultural context contains: calm, hope, optimism and confidence. On the basis of researching literature, the recoveries of the questionnaire were analyzed by applying Structural Equation Model (SEM). The study found that perceived organizational support has a positive impact on the 4 dimensions of psychological capital (calm, hope, optimism and self-confidence).
Keywords:Psychological Capital, Organizational Support, Structural Equation Model (SEM)
Psychological capital (also known as the positive psychological capital) is relatively a new concept in the field of organizational behavior, which was put forward for the first time in 2004 by Fred Luthans, a professor of organizational behavior in the University of Nebraska—Lincoln and former President of Academy of Management magazine. And it refers to the individual state of a positive psychological development. Psychological capital is different from the economic capital, social capital and human capital. Economic capital answers the question of "What do you have", including the capital, assets, equipment, patents, data, etc. Social capital answers the question of "who do you know", including relationships, friends, contact network, etc.; Human capital answers the question of "what do you know", including experience, education, skills, knowledge, idea, etc.; The psychological capital answers the question of "who are you", including faith, hope, optimism, toughness, etc. [1] . Fred Luthans, Carolyn M. Youssef and some other people also pointed out that the standards of determining whether a resource can form competitive advantage include: long term, namely whether the resource can form a lasting competitive advantage and has a long life, rather than a flash in the pan; Uniqueness, namely something that only you have, other organizations do not; cumulative, namely the resources can continuously increase the competitive advantage for the organization; inter-connectivity, namely each component works together to form the overall competitive advantage; renewal, namely the resources can be constantly updated and added. Economic capital can form competitive advantage only in the aspect of cumulative, but it could not form a clear advantage in other ways. The human capital has an advantage in the aspect of cumulative and the advantage is uncertain in other aspects. Social capital has advantages in the aspects of uniqueness, cumulative and inter-connectivity, but its advantages in such aspects as long term and renewal are not obvious. Only the psychological capital having the all above five aspects can form a significant competitive advantage [1] .
Psychological capital research originates from the positive psychology movement. The positive psychology movement was advocated by the former American psychological association chairman Seligman. Martin E. P. in 2000 proposed that psychology and behavior science should pay more attention to guide and promote the positive aspects of human life, and not just to treat mental illness. What positive psychology concerns include: benefits, satisfaction, hope and happiness, courage, interpersonal skills, aesthetic, persistence, forgiveness, creativity, consciousness of the future, potential and wisdom, civic virtue, responsibility, altruism, tolerance, professional ethics, manners, etc. [2] . American Psychologist magazine respectively published two special issues devoted to positive psychology problems in January 2000 and March 2001 [3] [4] . In the 2001 winter volumes of Journal of Humanistic Psychology, there are 6 articles talking about positive psychology [5] . In addition, Coutu D. L., Hamel G., Klonhlen E. A. and other scholars respectively studied the related problems in positive psychology [6] -[14] . Positive psychology has become a new development direction in psychological science and behavioral science research in the new century [15] .
The idea of positive psychology has triggered the research of positive organizational behavior. Inspired by the idea of positive psychology, Fred Luthans came up with the concept of positive organizational behavior (POB) for the first time in 2002, and define it as "the research and application of the human resources superiority and psychological ability, which are measurable, evolvable and have a significant effect on the performance". He also put forward the CHOSE model related to the core contents, namely the core content of positive organizational behavior includes confidence, hope, optimism, subjective well-being and emotional intelligence [16] . In the same year, Fred further put forward five standards defining the POB extension [17] . The positive organization research center at the University of Michigan, which studies specifically for positive organizational scholarship (POS), pointed out in their books that the POS core concepts include: process, ability, structure, motivation, output or result, etc. [18] . The guiding ideology of POS and POB is consistent, and both of them research the organizational behavior and performance problems from the positive sides. In addition, Wright T. A., Erez A. and other scholars also studied the positive organizational behavior [19] [20] .
2. Literature Research
Predecessors' research achievements about the psychological capital include psychological capital concept, the relationship between psychological capital and performance, etc.
Fred Luthans, James B Avery and other scholars in 2006 defined psychological capital as: individual positive psychological state of development, it has four features and five criteria. The four characteristics: 1) have confidence in the challenging work and try to complete it; 2) treat the present and the future optimistically; 3)face the future, set goals and take steps to achieve goals; 4) be able to recover from adversity or frustration and continue until succeed. The five judgment standards include: 1) they are based on theory and research; 2) can effectively measure; 3) is relatively new and unique in the field of organizational behavior ; 4) is a kind of changeable state of mind (not fixed psychological traits); 5) has a positive influence on work performance [21] . On the basis of generalization and summarization of research achievements of positive organizational behavior, Fred Luthans in 2004, Carolyn M. Youssef in 2008 put forward that psychological capital structure included four aspects, namely: 1) Confidence or self-efficacy. Albert Bandura defined self-efficacy as that an individual mobilize the motivation and cognitive resources in a particular context, take the necessary actions to complete a specific task. High confidence people choose challenging work and make efforts to finish it. 2) Hope. C. Rick Snyder who is a positive psychologist pointed out that hope is a state of motivation formed by the interaction of goals, agency and pathways. Individuals with high sense of hope think they are capable and are willing to choose the appropriate way to achieve their goals. 3) Optimism. Individual adopts the positive method to explain the intrinsic, ancient, common events, and explain outward, temporary and situational event in a negative way. Optimists treat what happens in life positively, they seldom have such negative moods as depression, guilt and remorse. 4) Resiliency. Individual's ability of getting out of adversity, failure, uncertainty and recovering from them. Restoring force includes three aspects: accept the reality that, consider life as positive, adapt to environmental changes [22] .
The study led by Gallup Leadership Institute of university of Nebraska—Lincoln in America in 2006 found that psychological capital has significant positive correlation with employees' performance and job satisfaction; employee's work performance can be improved by the psychological capital training [23] . Luthans, Avery and Avolio in 2006 have found that the rate of return on investment of psychological capital can be as high as 270% through intervention studies [21] . With the help of psychological capital scale (include three indicators: hope, optimism and resilience), which is developed by Fred Luthans, Fred Luthans, Bruce J Avolio, Fred O Walumbwa, Weixing Li in 2005 took Chinese employees as samples to study the relationship between psychological capital and performance and found that the psychological capital and work performance (include the executive director's evaluation and pay for performance) were significantly positive correlated [24] . Luthans Kyle W., Jensen, Susan M. in 2005 studied the relationship between nurses' psychological capital and work performance, the results showed that the psychological capital has significant positive correlation with the intention to stay ,the targets of the unit and work commitment [25] . Susan M. Jensen, Fred Luthans and others in 2006 found through research that the leaders' psychological capital was positively correlated with employees' cognition of leaders' integrity [26] . Zhong Li-feng in 2007 found that the three dimensions of psychological capital (hope, optimism, resilience) have a positive influence on job performance, organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior [27] . The author in 2009 found through research that, under the background of Chinese culture, psychological capital structure include: calm, hope, optimism, confidence [28] .
Perceived organizational support (POS), which is proposed by the American social psychologist Robert Eisenberger , points out the employee's perception and concerns about how the groups consider their contributions and care about their interests, namely the groups' supports that employees feel. If employees feel that their organization support their work very much, then they may feel psychologically comfortable and be willing to make more contribution to organization.
3. The Research Hypothesis
Because psychological capital is individual staff's positive psychological state related to work, therefore, organizational factors also may have effect on psychological capital. Here we choose perceived organizational support as influencing factors to study organizational factors' influence on psychological capital. Research hypotheses are as follows:
Hypothesis 1: Perceived organizational support has a positive influence on calm.
Hypothesis 2: Perceived organizational support has a positive influence on hope.
Hypothesis 3: Perceived organizational support has a positive effect on optimism.
Hypothesis 4: Perceived organizational support has a positive effect on confidence.
Hypothesis model is showed in figure 1.
4. The Research Methods and Tools
4.1. Research Method
We use the method of exploratory factor analysis and path analysis of structural equation, and use the software of SPSS13.0 and AMOS4.0.
The method of path analysis of structural equation, also called structure model, is used to analyze causal relationship between variables. The similarity of path analysis method and the traditional regression analysis method is that they can both analyze the relationship between independent variable and dependent variable, but there are obvious differences between them (Wu Ming-long, 2007).
1) In the regression analysis model, variables are only divided into the independent variables and dependent
Figure 1. The hypothesis model diagram of organizational support's influence on the psychological capital.
variables, and these variables are all observed variables without error, but in a path analysis model, the independent variable and dependent variable can be observed variables without error, can be latent variables with error as well and model analyzing the relation between latent variable is called path analysis with latent variables (PALV for short). Therefore, residual error in path analysis model is more complex than it in the regression model.
2) In regression analysis model, after the dependent variables are explained by the independent variables, the residual errors are assumed to have nothing to do with the independent variables, while in path analysis model, the residual errors are allowed to associate with variables.
In addition, path analysis technology can use multiple indexes to test the fitting degree of the whole model, but the regression analysis model use only a handful of indicators to test. It is just because of the above characteristics of path analysis, it is widely used in psychology and behavioral science research.
Variables used in this study are all latent variables, therefore, we use path analysis method of SEM to modeling and analysis.
4.2. The Sample Conditions
1800 questionnaires were sent to Guangdong, Shanghai, Beijing, Henan, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Anhui, Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan and other provinces and cities, and 1574 effective questionnaires were retrieved back. The effective recovery rate was 87.4%. We take gender, age, years of working, education background, the nature of the department, post of duty, technical titles as investigation contents.
4.3 The Questionnaires Used and Test of Them
Questionnaire developed by the author in 2009 was used to test psychological capital, and it is composed of 16 items. The results of factor analysis and reliability test are shown in table 1. Perceived organizational support questionnaire, developed by Ling Wen-quan, Yang Hai-jun in 2006, was used to test the organizational support. It selects five dimensions of the support projects, the survey data collected was used for factor analysis and reliability test, the results are shown in table 2. The analysis result shows that the perceived organizational support questionnaire meet the demands of psychometrics, and has good reliability.
5. The Results of the Study and Discussion
The standard solution of the influence of organizational support on psychological capital is shown in figure 2.
Table 1. The questionnaire results of psychological capital (N = 1574).
Table 2. The questionnaire results of POS (N = 1574).
The fitting degree indexes of the model are shown in tables 3-5. As we can see from the figure and table, the conception model of organizational support's influence on psychological capital fit the actual data very well. The standardized coefficients of organizational support's influence path to psychological capital are shown in table 6. Data analysis results show that organizational support has significant positive influence on the four aspects of psychological capital, and the degree of influence is very high. If employees feel that the organization is supportive for their work, they will: setting up clear goals, and taking various measures to achieve work target, being full of hope to job prospects; they tend to explain the incidents in work in a positive way, and think it is just a temporary phenomenon even when they encounter difficulties and setbacks. They will believe the sky will be clearer after the rain, they often keep the stable mood, do things firmly and calmly, they have great confidence in their work, and believe they can finish the work very well. On the other hand, if employees feel that organization does not support their work or the support is not enough, then employees may show negatively. They not only have no confidence in their work and muddle along, but also have no clear work target and be lacking in initiative and be irritable, etc. Through inspection, our research hypothesis 1, 2, 3, 4 in this part are all valid. We can see from table 6, organizational support has obvious effect on employees' psychological capital, therefore, a good organization atmosphere, service management is very necessary.
The existing research suggests that POS has influence on many aspects, such as organizational commitment
Figure 2. A schematic diagram showing the influence of standard solution of organizational support on psychological capital.
Table 3. The absolute fitting degree index of the structure model that the influence of organizational support on psychological capital.
Table 4. The appreciation fitting degree index of the structure model that the influence of organizational support on psychological capital.
Table 5. The brief fitting degree index of the structure model that the influence of organizational support on psychological capital.
Table 6. The standard coefficient table of the organizational support's effect of path on psychological capital.
Note: ***stands for p < 0.001.
and altruistic behavior and so on. Shore and Tetrick think that POS can reduce the occurrence of continuance commitment of organizational commitment. George and Brief think that POS can be contributed to the extra role behavior, it includes helping organization to avoid risks, putting forward some constructive suggestions and getting skills and knowledge which is good for organization. Eisenberger's research of 2001 suggests that POS has a great influence on organizational commitment. Ling Wen-quan and Yang Hai-jun find that POS and emotional commitment has a strong positive correlation, it may play a role in predicting the altruistic behavior of employees. There are not organizations getting the achievement which POS has found, so in this sense, our research improves the POS and psychological capital theory system.
Luthans, F., Luthans, K.W. and Luthans, B.C. (2004) Positive Psychological Capital: Beyond Human and Social Capital. Business Horizons, 47, 45-50.
Seligman, M.E.P. and Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000) Positive Psychology: An Introduction. American Psychologist, 55, 5-14.
Martin, E.P.S. and Fausto, M. (2000) American Psychologist, 55.
Kennon, M.S., Barbara, L.F. (2001) American Psychologist, 56.
Rich, G.J., Taylor, E. (2001) Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 41.
Coutu, D.L. (2002) How Resilience Works. Harvard Business Review, 80, 46-55.
Hamel, G. and Välikangas, L. (2003) The Quest for Resilience. Harvard Business Review, 81, 52-63.
Harms, P.D. and Luthans, F. (2012) Measuring Implicit Psychological Constructs in Organizational Behavior: An Example Using Psychological Capital. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33, 589-594.
Horne III, J. and Orr, J. (1998) Assessing Behaviors That Create Resilient Organizations. Employment Relations Today, 24, 29-39.
Klonhlen, E.C. (1996) Conceptual Analysis and Measurement of the Context of Ego Resiliency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 1067-1079.
Block, J. and Kremau, A.M. (1996) IQ and Ego Resiliency: Conceptual and Empirical Connections and Separateness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 349-361.
Stajkovic, A.D. and Luthans, F. (1998) Self-Efficacy and Work-Related Performance: A Meta-Analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 240-261.
Sympson, S.C., Ybasco, F.C., Borders, T.F., Babyak, M.A. and Higgins, R.L. (1996) Development and Validation of the State Hope Scale. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 321-335.
Magaletta, P.R. and Oliver, J.M. (1999) The Hope Construct, Will and Ways: Their Relations with Self-Efficacy, Optimism, and Well-Being. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 55, 539-551.
Memili, E., Welsh, D.H.B. and Luthans, F. (2013) Going Beyond Research on Goal Setting: A Proposed Role for Organizational Psychological Capital of Family Firms. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37, 1289-1296.
Luthans, F. and Jensen, S.M. (2002) Hope: A New Positive Strength for Human Resource Development. Human Resource Development Review, 1, 304-322.
Li, J.Z., Wang, W.Z. and Shi, J.N. (2003) Positive Psychology: A New Research Direction. Advances in Psychological Science, 11, 321-327.
Luthans, F. (2002) Positive Organizational Behavior: Developing and Managing Psychological Strengths. Academy of Management Executive, 1, 57-75.
Luthans, F. (2002) The Need for and Meaning of Positive Organizational Behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, 695-706.
Cameron, K., Dutton, J. and Quinn, R.E. (2003) Positive Organizational Scholarship: Foundations of a New Discipline. Hardcover, Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc., San Francisco.
Wright, T.A. (2003) Positive Organizational Behavior: An Idea Whose Time Has Truly Come. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24, 437-442.
Erez, A. and Isen, A.M. (2002) The Influence of Positive Affect on the Components of Expectancy Motivation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 1055-1067.
Luthans, F., Avey, J.B., Avolio, B.J., Norman, S.M. and Combs, G.M. (2006) Psychological Capital Development: Toward a Micro-Intervention. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27, 387-393.
Luthans, F. and Youssef, C.M. (2004) Human, Social, and Now Positive Psychological Capital Management: Investing in People for Competitive Advantage. Organizational Dynamics, 33, 143-160.
Gallup Leadership Institute. Psychological Capital: Measurement and Relationship with Performance and Satisfaction. http://gli.unl.edu/uploads/psycapbriefing.pdf
Luthans, F., Avolio, B.J., Walumbwa, F.O. and Li, W.X. (2005) The Psychological Capital of Chinese Workers: Exploring the Relationship with Performance. Management and Organization Review, 1, 249-271.
Chen, D.J.Q. and Lim, V.K.G. (2012) Strength in Adversity: The Influence of Psychological Capital on Job Search. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33, 811-839.
*Corresponding author.
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text:
Мозамбик је учествовао на 16. Светском првенству у атлетици на отвореном 2017. одржаном у Лондону од 4. до 13. августа шеснаести пут, односно учествовао је на свих првенствима до данас. Репрезентацију Мозамбика представљао је један такмичар који се такмичио у трци на 400 метара са препонама.,

На овом првенству такмичар Мозамбика није освојио ниједну медаљу али остварио најбољи лични резултат сезоне.

Учесници
 Мушкарци:
 Creve Armando Machava — 400 м препоне

Резултати

Мушкарци

Извори

Спољашње везе
 Комплетни резултати СП 2017.
 Званични сајт ИААФа

Земље учеснице на Светском првенству у атлетици на отвореном 2017.
Мозамбик на Светском првенству у атлетици на отвореном


FEMALE DRUG USERS IN PRISON AND AFTER RELEASE.
A five-country follow-up study in Europe on relapse prevention.
publication, was mainly directed at a follow-up of female drug users after prison release.
This project was conducted between November 2005 and December 2006 and had been funded by the AGIS 2006 programme (project number: JAI/2005/AGIS/072).


text:
[[File:]]
Construction of the Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton Railroad (CH & D) began in the Miami Valley in 1846. The railway was completed in 1851 and officially began operation connecting Cincinnati and Hamilton, Ohio. Soon, the railroad stretched onward to Dayton. The line originally ran a total of 59.07 miles.
The construction of the railroad attracted German and Irish migrants who were looking for work. After the railroad was completed, these immigrants stayed in the region and found work in the factories that began to emerge near the railroad and the Miami and Erie Canal.
The CH & D's original purpose was as a commuter line. Professionals and businessman saw the railroad as a way to connect to other cities to conduct business. A number of new communities were built along the rail line, and wealthy people moved out of the city of Cincinnati to live in these communities. Eventually the railroad connected to Toledo and Detroit to the north.
The Cincinnati, Hamilton, and Dayton Railway Company, who owned and operated the CH & D, began to acquire more railroad lines throughout the next 40 years. Beginning in 1863, it operated the Dayton & Michigan RR. Joining the Atlantic and Great Western RR in 1865 gave commuters access to New York and other eastern points. The Ohio and Mississippi RR became part of the CH & D RR linking Cincinnati and St. Louis and western points through Indiana and Illinois. Eventually the CH & D operated additional lines connecting to Indianapolis, Chicago, Richmond, Ironton, Louisville, and Decatur.
By the end of the nineteenth century, the company controlled over 640 miles of track. There were 34 locomotives, 30 passenger cars, and 437 freight cars. The railway included parlors, café-coaches, dining cars, baggage, and mail cars. Construction supplies as well as agricultural and petroleum products were transported in freight cars. In 1904, the railroad was not able to handle the volume of passenger and freight business. With this came financial challenges and the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad agreed to purchase the line in 1909. Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Railroad was sold at auction in Dayton and became part of the Baltimore & Ohio. [[Category:]] [[Category:]] [[Category:]][[Category:]][[Category:]][[Category:]][[Category:]][[Category:]][[Category:]][[Category:]]
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