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City Reporters
Yashpal Sharma is coming with CHHIPKALI, to be released nationwide on March 17
"Airport expansion will assist Coimbatore to become a global city" – says Eshwar N, Chief Executive Office of G Square
Caerus3 Advisors, and Rotary Club of Bombay Peninsula host self defence workshop for 80 Udyaan Shalini Fellowship NGO girls
TiE Startup Premier League- A different 'pitch' for startups by TiE Rajasthan
Pioneers in Sustainability: Aluminium Paving the Way for the Metal Industry
City Reporters Web Desk
The article is provided by Mr. Deepak Mathur, Sr. Vice President, Global Marketing and Sales at Jindal Aluminium Limited
November 26: The world is quickly moving towards reducing its carbon footprint by cutting emissions and saving the environment from further degradation. In this path that leads us to a sustainable future, there is one metal that has proven itself to be better than the rest when it comes to being environmentally friendly.
In any argument on the most sustainable building material in the world, Aluminium is an easy winner. It is because of its highly recyclable attributes and the fact that it does not lose any of its properties in the process. Once put in use, it can be recycled again and again without an iota of quality compromise. One cannot also ignore that 75 per cent of all Aluminum ever produced is still in use. Arguments like these allow Aluminium to score handsomely over other metals when it comes to sustainability.
Meeting Common Goals
Offering the smallest of carbon footprints among competition puts Aluminium-in-use in a better position in the race to sustainability. Given that it can be recycled infinitely and create the same or new product, Aluminium is the most recyclable industrial material.
Today, the Aluminium industry as a whole is adopting practices that make it a leader among green metals. In the downstream Aluminium segment, sustainable practices are being used for decades. Solar and wind energy are used to fuel what is traditionally powered by electricity generated from burning coal, using diesel, and others. The manufacturing process, too, has been redefined with plant waste mitigation measures and automation taking centre stage. These steps have enhanced the capability of Aluminium as a metal towards promoting a sustainable future and lowering carbon footprint through its products.
Offering Quality Products
Aluminium-in-use stands a better choice among metals to be an ambassador for sustainability also because of the intrinsic qualities. From being soft and malleable to be low weight, Aluminum has a varied application in today's world.
The density of Aluminium is approximately one-third of the thickness of steel, which is why Aluminium is a light metal. It offers low density because of its lower atomic weight when compared to other metals. Aluminium offers a variety of quality products that include a range comprising wrapping foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, airplane parts, and EVs. All thanks to the particular properties this green metal offers. Given these unique properties, Aluminium can prove to be one of the most rigid metals on earth. Today, Aluminium alloys are used across varied applications where strength and durability are needed.
Creating Sustainability
Aluminium has a bright future as a metal that will help achieve our sustainability targets balancing industrial growth and the environment. Across industries, there is a constant search for greener alternatives, alternatives that will bring about a change with the implementation of sustainable business models.
Aluminium is the third most abundant material on earth after oxygen and silicon, making up 8% of the earth's crust. It is among the few raw materials among metals that support clean economic growth and employment. By providing greener options to industries like construction, automobile, electrical, and packaging, Aluminium has successfully filled the gap that other metals cannot. EVs, which are perceived to be the next big thing in the automobile sector when it comes to emission-free transport, is also being made possible with the help of Aluminium. When it comes to manufacturing next-generation energy-saving cars, the factor of sustainability and lowered weight have been the guiding force. The utilization of Aluminium for these environmentally-friendly vehicles has become irreplaceable and reinforced its recognition in manufacturing EVs and the necessary support infrastructure required.
Thus, Aluminium has shown that it is a metal offering diverse uses, a leader among green metals, and a solid partner in our sustainability efforts. Its unique offerings and endurance capabilities place it ahead of other materials, paving the way forward for the metal industry.
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Currently online (5): Marxini | megtehetem2 | Star Butterfly | Super Progressive | XAT | Record: 63 on 23:28:53, August 06, 2007 CET
Mouvement des Conservateurs[?]
This page contains information about the Mouvement des Conservateurs.
User[?]: Moonshield
Nation[?]: République de Rildanor (Republic of Rildanor)
Seats[?] in Congrès National du Peuple (National People's Congress)[?]: 0
French-Supporting-Rildanorian Party
One of Rildanor's oldest parties.
|| RILDANOR PARTY ||
+ CONSERVATIVE
+ LIBERAL CONSERVATIVE
+ CHRISTIAN DEMOCRACY
+ INTERNATIONAL SKEPTICISM
Parliamentary Fraction Leader: Ellion D'Onofrio
Centralization unitarist-leaning moderate perfect
Ecology environmentalist-leaning limited perfect
Foreign Relations moderate internationalist moderate perfect
Market moderate laissez-faire moderate perfect
Military convinced militarist limited perfect
Morality moderate conservative high perfect
Religion moderate religious moderate perfect
October 2094 222,965 6,592,335 3.38 +3.38 2 75 2.67 +2
October 2100 4,861,560 18,397,075 26.43 +23.04 28 100 28.00 +26
October 2106 2,876,986 9,273,146 31.02 +4.60 31 100 31.00 +3
October 2112 4,029,089 21,265,211 18.95 -12.08 39 200 19.50 +8
October 2118 3,507,050 19,613,591 17.88 -1.07 35 200 17.50 -4
December 2120 3,773,026 19,519,113 19.33 +1.45 39 200 19.50 +4
August 2122 4,859,082 24,809,015 19.59 +0.26 39 200 19.50 +0
August 2128 3,206,383 28,062,686 11.43 -8.16 11 100 11.00 -28
May 2145 3,326,556 6,719,464 49.51 +26.16 51 100 51.00 +27
September 2145 3,368,070 6,967,868 48.34 -1.17 49 100 49.00 -2
June 2149 2,221,403 6,753,255 32.89 -15.44 35 100 35.00 -14
May 2180 5,572,948 37,068,533 15.03 -0.34 75 500 15.00 +60
November 2182 5,258,930 37,008,046 14.21 -0.82 85 600 14.17 +10
May 2185 5,673,729 35,897,602 15.81 +1.60 95 600 15.83 +10
November 2187 5,038,406 38,431,087 13.11 -2.70 75 600 12.50 -20
May 2195 3,209,742 36,348,747 8.83 -3.43 50 600 8.33 -21
November 2197 5,325,699 35,759,439 14.89 +6.06 84 600 14.00 +34
May 2200 5,285,803 36,727,704 14.39 -0.50 80 600 13.33 -4
November 2202 5,860,746 37,520,942 15.62 +1.23 88 600 14.67 +8
May 2205 6,120,939 34,383,375 17.80 +2.18 107 600 17.83 +19
November 2207 5,207,806 32,144,661 16.20 -1.60 98 600 16.33 -9
May 2210 3,711,690 33,081,968 11.22 -4.98 63 600 10.50 -35
November 2212 3,256,979 36,513,715 8.92 -2.30 50 600 8.33 -13
November 2217 6,679,273 40,060,569 16.67 +2.79 126 750 16.80 +41
May 2220 6,877,281 39,157,992 17.56 +0.89 132 750 17.60 +6
May 2226 7,889,548 42,563,584 18.54 -1.93 140 750 18.67 -14
May 2229 9,437,308 43,633,174 21.63 +3.09 130 600 21.67 -10
May 2250 7,704,594 45,125,806 17.07 -0.80 104 600 17.33 -4
January 2266 10,693,129 36,868,200 29.00 -59.00 178 600 29.67 -353
July 2267 16,998,861 32,264,019 52.69 +23.68 322 600 53.67 +144
July 2270 15,527,887 31,204,721 49.76 -2.93 305 600 50.83 -17
July 2273 17,205,050 32,122,467 53.56 +3.80 325 600 54.17 +20
January 2274 9,495,129 9,495,129 100.00 +46.44 600 600 100.00 +275
November 2274 9,179,810 9,179,810 100.00 +0.00 600 600 100.00 +0
November 2277 16,863,108 38,475,876 43.83 -56.17 270 600 45.00 -330
November 2280 27,612,317 47,489,279 58.14 +14.32 350 600 58.33 +80
November 2283 26,206,185 45,775,540 57.25 -0.89 167 290 57.59 -183
November 2286 26,590,524 45,853,824 57.99 +0.74 167 291 57.39 +0
November 2289 3,317,925 9,205,628 36.04 -21.95 105 291 36.08 -62
March 2417 12,414,900 77,859,870 15.95 -20.10 17 100 17.00 -88
March 2421 5,325,293 79,572,574 6.69 -9.25 6 100 6.00 -11
March 2424 6,252,105 79,076,255 7.91 +1.21 7 100 7.00 +1
March 2430 6,132,652 80,449,880 7.62 -1.13 7 100 7.00 -1
March 2442 7,507,665 82,018,156 9.15 -0.30 9 100 9.00 +0
August 2445 9,208,867 83,568,577 11.02 -0.65 17 150 11.33 +5
August 2448 8,048,745 84,231,417 9.56 -1.46 14 150 9.33 -3
January 3058 259,363,480 306,787,295 84.54 +73.59 86 100 86.00 +70
April 3064 162,250,836 272,071,730 59.64 -24.91 62 100 62.00 -24
April 3069 126,398,912 239,804,215 52.71 -6.93 103 201 51.24 +41
December 3071 58,462,099 102,524,334 57.02 +4.31 114 201 56.72 +11
December 3076 57,757,314 101,602,773 56.85 -0.18 114 201 56.72 +0
December 3081 58,700,413 99,901,373 58.76 +1.91 119 201 59.20 +5
December 3086 83,742,576 109,427,804 76.53 +17.77 153 201 76.12 +34
December 3091 103,532,207 103,934,692 99.61 +23.09 201 201 100.00 +48
December 3096 84,994,101 84,994,101 100.00 +0.39 201 201 100.00 +0
December 3102 59,422,880 59,422,880 100.00 +0.00 75 75 100.00 -126
This is the voting[?] record of the Mouvement des Conservateurs.
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National Government Act March 4240 April 4240 passed
Civil Rights Act March 4240 March 4240 defeated
Euthanasia Act March 4240 March 4240 passed
Abortion Act March 4240 March 4240 passed
Ratification of the Dolgavian Trade Association and Economic Pact November 4239 November 4239 passed
Ratification of the Dolgavian Diplomatic Affairs Protocol November 4239 November 4239 passed
National Health Act, October 4239 October 4239 October 4239 passed
Militarization Bill, October 4239 October 4239 October 4239 defeated
Speech form President Kim Bokota of the Federal Republic of Hutori July 4239 August 4273 defeated
Deregulation Act June 4239 June 4239 defeated
Cabinet Proposal of May 4239 May 4239 May 4239 defeated
Security Council Seat A vote January 4239 May 4239 passed
DEBOUT LA RILDANOR! Protect Mother Nature January 4239 April 4239 defeated
Security Council Support Rectification June 4238 March 4239 passed
Assembly Act May 4238 March 4239 passed
Civil Rights Act April 4238 March 4263 defeated
Civil Rights Act April 4238 March 4263 passed
Random fact: It is possible for a player to transfer ownership of a character or a royal house to another player. This should be done in a public way, such as on the Character Transfers thread, so that if a dispute arises in the future, Moderation can be pointed towards evidence of the transfer.
Random quote: "You will win, but you will not convince. You will win, because you possess more than enough brute force, but you will not convince, because to convince means to persuade. And in order to persuade you would need what you lack — reason and right in the struggle." � Miguel de Unamuno, Basque writer

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Camera IconAmerican actress Natalie Morales has hit out at people criticising her choice to wear this revealing dress on the Late Show with Seth Myers.Picture: YouTube/Late Show with Seth Myers
Parks and Recreation star Natalie Morales hits back at haters of her revealing dress on the Late Show with Seth Myers
American actress Natalie Morales has hit back at people who attacked her choice to wear a revealing dress for a TV interview.
The star of the hit show Parks and Recreation wore a pink dress with a vertical cut-out across her chest on the set of the Late Show with Seth Myers on Saturday.
While some people loved the outfit and said she looked "beautiful", others weren't convinced.
Morales took to Twitter urging naysayers to: "Get a LIFE. It's a body part. A great one, but so are eyes and arms and fingers".
Her reaction came after people took aim at how much cleavage the actress, who is promoting her new TV show Abby's, had on show to the audience.
Some people even applauded host Seth Myers for his composure to not sneak a peak.


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- Faculty Of Business Studies - Faculty Of Computer Studies - Faculty Of Education - Faculty Of General Studies - Faculty Of Language Studies. The University was established in 2002 and established in saudi arabia in Riyadh in 2003. The director of Saudi Arabia Branch is Professor Mohammed Al-Zakri.
Exit 6 ,Othamn Bin Affan St.


text:
Small businesses would bear the brunt of the effect of increased energy costs and
other taxes, both direct and indirect, which would be necessary to reduce "greenhouse
gas" emissions as proposed by the Administration. Already for some business owners,
the costs imposed by government regulation surpass the burden of high taxes and
cumbersome tax codes. And as their numbers hit historic levels, regulations and
mandates have become a greater threat to the growth and survival of some firms. Such an
ill-conceived treaty would only make a currently unacceptable regulatory burden much
worse, and in many cases seriously throw the lives of business owners, their employees,
and their families into turmoil and economic austerity.
Unfortunately, our concerns regarding the economic impact on small business
owners and their employees seem to have fallen on deaf ears at the White House. The
Administration has elected to not even respond to a request by the Small Business
Survival Committee (SBSC) under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) for the
conclusions, data and evidence supporting its position on the proposed treaty addressing
the theory of "Global Warming." SBSC filed its request May 18, and has not received
any response by mail or telephone as requested -- and as required by law within 10 days
- despite follow-up courtesy calls to CEA seeking comment on the status of the request.
CEA REFUSAL TO COMPLY WITH FOIA
CEA has now repeatedly testified before Congress that it concludes the treaty
would have only a "minimal" or "modest" impact on the United States' economy. This is
in direct contradiction to forecasts -- supported by publicly released assumptions, models,
and data -- developed by various highly respected private economists.
CEA Chair Yellen has made an offer, repeated to this Committee but unsupported
by any statutory authority, that Congress may inspect certain documents relating to its
analysis, but only by contacting and under the supervision of the White House Counsel's
office. Unless this constitutes an as yet undeclared invocation of Executive Privilege, this
bizarre method of inspection represents a unique utilization of current law, and an
SBSC must ask, what is the Administration attempting or seeking to shield or
avoid in this debate? The public has a right to know whether the "global warming treaty"
being advanced by its government threatens American jobs and economic security.
The Administration is fully aware of the above-cited economic impact, to the
extent the relevant officials will let themselves believe the three studies conducted by
various government agencies (of which we are aware), and which have come into the
possession of opponents of the treaty. All of these show dramatic economic impacts, yet
less than various studies conducted by non-interested firms at the request of impacted
parties in the private sector. Far more disappointing, however, is the Administration's
public stance. That is the position taken, including on several occasions now before
Congress, by the Council of Economic Advisors, that there will be at most "minimal"
impact on the typical American family. This is not only inconsistent with every study
conducted to date for which any of the assumptions and data are available, but also is
being held forth without any substantiation. In fact, not only has CEA Chair Janet Yellin
testified to Congress that her testimony constituted her analysis, but CEA is now in
violation of the law as this Committee's record closes (6/11/98).
CEA has not only not provided a reason for not providing the information sought
by SBSC in its FOIA request, it has failed to even attempt to comply with the law's
requirement it respond within 10 days. Aggravating this violation of the law, numerous
phone calls to Ms. Michelle Jolin, the responsible CEA official, have gone unreturned.
In the alternative to providing the information -- which to date CEA has refused
even Congress on what appears to be some mutated version of (undeclared) Executive
Privilege -- CEA may refuse the request, providing one of several prescribed reasons for
doing so. Instead, knowing there is no acceptable response, it has not provided any. The
most likely claim we anticipate, upon litigating the matter, is that the analysis is not final.
In such case the Administration should cease making policy positions based upon these
analyses. An alternative, which is a feasible "option" only in that we understand CEA
has intimated to Congress this is its rationale for not providing the information, is
"national security." If, however, there is any truth whatsoever to that claim, Congress
should immediately intervene and initiate an inquiry into the national security
implications of releasing economic data supporting an analysis of a treaty the
Administration is nonetheless apparently seeking to slip by the American public without
being open and honest, and without the constitutionally mandated Senate ratification.
SBSC is joined by numerous concerned interests in believing this treaty will cause
unfair, unnecessary and unprecedented harm to the U.S. economy, while non
participating nations avoid any similar commitments to address this still theoretical issue.
If similar actions had been undertaken to address the equally hysterical cries of "Global
Cooling" just 20 years ago, we would not enjoy a vibrant economy and the economic
opportunity that we do today. Rational and honest debate over the issues is imperative
prior to forming any government policies on such a matter.
SBSC applauds the efforts of the Small Business Committee in the face of the
disingenuous campaign to ensure ratification of this treaty, and the "implementation
without ratification" already well underway. Additionally, SBSC hopes this Committee
will get to the bottom of the clear violation of the letter and the spirit of the Freedom of
Information Act, and demand compliance with SBSC's request.
Here are the one-page descriptions and a summary list of proposed additional actions for the Climate Change Action Plan. They include all 39. proposals received from OPPE and OAR over the past two wiz:ks. Each one-pager provides.
a brief description of the proposed option and information on the timing required to
introduce und implement the option:
estimated emissions reductions from the option;
• estimated cconomic costs of the option;
• expeciéd legal, funding. timing and political issues associated with the caption; and
an overall rating of the option by ils originators, factoring all aspects of the option
discussed above If you have soy questions about the one-pagers, please contact me at 260-8492 er Bob Shackleton ar 760.8988.


Vegetarianism has long been associated with progressive educational ideas, (1) and in this, as with other of its early connections, it drew on the romantic tradition of social criticism embodied here in the ideas associated with Rousseau.
The early years of the century brought the Quaker schools into this stream. There had been a long tradition of Quaker boarding schools, many of which had been founded in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries; and the separateness of Quaker society, together with the repudiation of the classical syllabus and the teaching of science, marked these schools apart from the public schools. In the early twentieth century the differences became more pronounced with the spread among them of co-education. Stewart believes this was the principal reason that brought the Quaker schools into the world of progressive education; though a more fundamental factor must be the shift that occurs in Quakerism generally that takes it into the orbit of liberal progressive thought. (5) While Quaker schools have not been vegetarian, they have since the twenties provided liberal facilities for vegetarian pupils.
In 1925 amid upheavals, Mrs Ensor resigned from the Theosophical Educational Trust and Miss King from the headship of St Christopher, where she was succeeded by Lyn and Eleanor Harris (Lyn Harris had been a CO and was a vegetarian Quaker) who continued to run the school until their retirement in 1956. Mrs Ensor and Miss King moved on to Surrey where they founded Frensham Heights, though they left after two years and with them the theosophical link ended. Mrs Ensor's work continued, however, in the New Educational Fellowship, founded in 1921, which acted between the wars as an international focus and forum for the progressive school movement.
Despite some important differences within the progressive school movement, especially between the conservative and radical wings, certain shared themes emerge, and I shall touch in particular here on those that are relevant to the vegetarian link.
Progressive education is important in vegetarianism because it provides the concrete embodiment of a recurring social metaphor in the tradition: that of the visionary image of the child as the embodiment of man's innocence. Running through it is the idea of the goodness, in potential at least, of the child; education should be a nurturing and encouragement, rather than a coercion and punishment, and self-directed discovery was stressed and the child, not the teacher, made the centre of the educational process. During the twenties the influence of Freud on the progressive school movement - and indeed on progressivism generally - was marked, and Freudian theory was used to underpin the liberation of the child from adult repression and to justify the belief that the natural impulses should have free expression. In certain of the schools this produced a move towards a libertarian and anarchic ideal. The progressivism of the period, however, largely used Freud as a dissolvent of conservative social values, taking up the attack on traditional religion and upon patriarchal authority. It was, however, an essentially selective reading of Freud, one that passed over the darker Hobbesian aspects of his thought, focusing instead on its libertarian potential, which was then grafted on to an essentially non-Freudian model of-man and his destiny - one that derived from the older romantic tradition.
Education meant here the education of the whole child and that involved both an emphasis on the emotional development of the child, and a widening of the curriculum to include artistic expression and craft work. In this they were influenced both by the older criticisms of the public school and its denial of feeling, and by the later psychoanalytic emphasis on the emotional and unconscious aspects of being.
131. From the concerns of the Bible Christians and Swedenborgians the broadly Owenite circles of the Ham Concordium with their Pestalozzian influence, to New England Transcendentalists like Bronson Alcott, one of the founders of the American progressive tradition.
132. For this generally, see The Modern Schools Handbook, ed. Trevor Blewill, 1934; W.A.C. Stewart, The Educational Innovators, Vol II, Progressive Schools, 1881-1967, 1968; W. Boyd and W. Rawson, The Story of the New Education, 1965; M.D. Lawson and R.C. Peterson, Progressive Education, 1972; Robert Skidelsky, English Progressive Schools, 1969.
133. Reddie subscribed to the theory of meat as inflaming: 'If boys at school are fed on highly Inflammatory food they are apt to lose control of themselves and have fits or irritability, leading very often to moral vice, whereas those fed on a cooler diet of cereals and vegetables run far less risk of those storms of superabundant vitality', quoted by Punch in Progressive Retreat: A Sociological Study of Dartington Hall School..., Cambridge 1977, p11. Reddie was also influenced by the spiritual tradition familiar In this context: Boehme, Blake, Kingsford and Maitland (see Stewart, p249 for this aspect).
134. Information from the schools, see also The Food Reformer's Year Book for the interwar period.
136. For an account of St Christopher, see H. Lyn Harris in The Modern Schools Handbook, 1934, p96. Also an account of its history and character in a booklet published by the school, by Reginald Snell, nd.
137. Unwin, one of the founders of Letchworth, was a vegetarian (see, Walter L. Creese, The Search for Environment: The Garden City: Before and After, Yale, 1966, for Unwin's background and for his links with Fellowship and. Brotherhood Church ideas); so too was C.B. Purdom, who became the historian of the garden cities: see his biography, Life Over Again, 1951, and his The Letchworth Achieverment, 1963. For a picture of a typical garden city citizen, including vegetarianism, see Charles Lee, 'From a Letchworth Diary', Town and Country Planning, 1953, p21. There are also vegetarian associations with the Alpha Union and the Cloisters at Letchworth and with local theosophical, & Liberal Catholic and Quaker groups.
138. Co-educational school founded by a friend of Eva Gore-Booth, who was one of its supporters. Encouraged sunbathing and nature cure. See advertisements in vegetarian magazines and in Mazdaznan Call of the period. See also, for this and other schools catering for vegetarian pupils, The Food Reformer's Year Book for the interwar years.
139. Founded in 1917 as an open-air school following Adlerian psychological principles by Winifred Nicholls and Margaret Ormrod. Free syllabus, and competition avoided. See account in The Modern Schools Handbook, 1934.
140. The order had peace movement links, emerging as it did according to Aubrey Westlake (Ernest Westlake's son) out of the post-war feeling in certain Quaker schools of the need for some alternative form of citizen service, and the belief in the need for the provision of functional equivalents of war for young men. This was also a strong element in the Grith Fyrd camps which developed out of the Order and which catered in the thirties for men out of work. See Aubrey Westlake, Woodcraft Chivalry, Weston super Mare 1917; Ernest Westlake, The Forest School, or Evolutionary Education, Salisbury 1930, and The Grith Fyrd Idea, several authors including Aubrey Westlake, Salisbury, 1933. Though Aubrey Westlake was only very briefly a vegetarian while an undergraduate, his writing, especially Health Abounding, 1944, and The Pattern of Health, 1961, illustrate some of the inter-connections of this milieu. Westlake came from Quaker background trained as a doctor, worked with Salter in Bermondsey, involved in Woodcraft Chivalry and Grith Pyrd, follower of early developments in alternative medicine and psychiatry, involved in Social Credit Party, developed his estate at Godshill according to Soil Association ideas.
142. The Forest School, p11, J.N. Glaister.
143. The Forest School, p30.
144. The Independent Progressive School, ed. H.A.T. Child, 1962, p76.
145. M. Punch, Progressive Retreat, p163.
146. W.A.C. Stewart, Educational Innovators, p351. For the relevance of this anti-structural theme, see Part III.


EPL: Tottenham vs Chelsea: Team News, Lineups & Live Update: Tottenham Hotspur will today evening 24/11/2018 tackle Chelsea at Wembley Stadium in the Premier League fixture.
Mauricio Pochettino's side head to the game following a 1-0 victory over Crystal Palace in their last match.
Spurs have won three of their last seven Premier League meetings with Chelsea.
Pochettino will welcome back playmaker, Christian Eriksen, while Moussa Sissoko is expected to start in the midfield for the hosts.
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text:
\section{Introduction}
Almost 100 years ago, as a pioneer, G. Duffing  proposed a periodic forced  nonlinear oscillator \cite{Duffing:18} and with it began the idea that simple systems can display an extraordinary rich and complex dynamic. Today, this key model has a vast number of applications in science and engineering \cite{BookDuffing}.
Forced nonlinear oscillators displaying chaotic behavior have been observed ubiquitously across a broad range of phenomena, including
fluid devices \cite{Bush:09}, atomic systems \cite{BookAtomic},
cardiac tissues \cite{Glass:83}, chemical reactions \cite{BookChaosChem}.
For some applications, the rich and complex chaotic dynamics are desired (e.g., fluid mixing  or data encryption), while for others such dynamics can present major drawbacks and significantly decrease performance (e.g., permanent magnet synchronous motor \cite{Li:98}).
During the past half century, chaotic phenomena have been under intense investigation. Such booming interest has led to powerful tools that today enable us to elaborate control strategies for such rich and complex phenomena.
More precisely, these strategies use tools such as K.A.M theory, resonance phenomena and linear stability of periodic orbits in order to eliminate \cite{Lima:1990,Guido02,Tounsia:2006}, confine \cite{ChabreyriePRE08} (at a prescribed location and for a specific size), or spread chaos \cite{ChabreyriePhysFluids}.
In this paper, we present a facile control strategy that enables us to turn on/off the chaotic behavior of the Duffing oscillator.
Our strategy consists of simply and only adjusting the shape of the time-dependent forcing to either put the system in a chaotic aperiodic or regular periodic oscillatory regime.

The dynamical system considered here is the classical Duffing's equation \cite{Duffing:18} which is  one of the most common examples in chaotic oscillation teaching texts and research articles.
Indeed, such a dynamical system externalizes all key characteristics of chaotic system including manifold intersections, strange attractor, positive Lyapunov exponent, etc... (see \cite{Guckenheimer:1983} for a detailed introduction to this system). The equation describes the motion of a damped oscillator with a nonlinear restoring force.  This mechanical system models a spring pendulum  with a nonlinear spring stiffness, the bending angle $\theta$ is then  governed by:
\begin{equation}
\ddot{\theta}=\alpha\theta + \beta\theta^3  -\delta\dot{\theta} + \gamma\left(t;\epsilon,\omega,\epsilon_m,m,\phi\right),
\label{Eq:PhysicalModel}
\end{equation}
where $\delta$ represents the viscous damping coefficient  $(\alpha,\beta)$, the linear and cubic coefficient in the torsional restoring force.
The ingenuity of this work lies in the time-periodic forcing $\gamma\left(t;\epsilon,\omega,\epsilon_m,m,\phi\right)$
which is a bi-chromic function of the form
$$
\gamma\left(t;\epsilon,\omega,\epsilon_m,m,\phi\right)=\frac{\epsilon}{N\left(\phi\right)}\left(\cos\left(\omega t\right)+\epsilon_m\cos\left(m\omega t + \phi\right)\right),
$$
where $N$ is a normalizing function such that $-\epsilon\leq\gamma\leq\epsilon$ (see Fig.\ref{fig_1}).\\
The strategy consists of simply and only adjusting the shape of the forcing by varying a pair of parameters $\kappa=\left\{\epsilon_m,\phi\right\}$ i.e., the amplitude ratio and frequency while the frequency ratio is maintained fixed at $m=3$  (see Fig.\ref{fig_1}) in order to turn on/off chaotic behavior.
\begin{figure}[t]
\includegraphics[scale=.60]{Forcing_shapes.eps}
\caption{\label{fig_1} Two characteristic shapes of the bi-chromic forcing with the pairs of parameters $\kappa_1=\left\{\epsilon_m=.2,\phi=\pi\right\}$ and $\kappa_0=\left\{\epsilon_m=.9,\phi=.35\right\}$.}
\end{figure}
\\

 As a first step, it is logical to look at the unperturbed unforced case i.e $\delta=0$, $\gamma=0$. Although this case is trivial  it is an excellent groundwork to investigate the system studied.
In this case the phase space $(\theta,\dot{\theta})$ is characterized by three, one hyperbolic unstable and two twin elliptic stable, equilibrium points Fig.~\ref{fig_0}. Almost all orbits are closed curves showing partial periodic oscillations when initial energy is low (concentric orbits around elliptic points) or complete oscillations when initial energy overcomes a certain threshold (orbits around the pair of elliptic and hyperbolic points). This threshold or separatrix corresponds to the non-closed homoclinic orbits that links the stable and unstable direction of the hyperbolic point.
\begin{figure}[t]
\includegraphics[scale=.60]{unperturbed.eps}
\caption{\label{fig_0}  Phase space in the unperturbed case i.e, $\delta=0$, $\gamma=0$ with one hyperbolic unstable (cross) and two twin elliptic stable (dot) equilibrium points. The  characteristic separatrix (dotted black line),  partial  (solid blue line) and complete (solid red line) oscillations are represented.}
\end{figure}
In our approach to see how the strategy works, the separatrix and more precisely the stable and unstable manifolds that composed it play a crucial role. Indeed, the ability to turn on/off chaos  by adjusting the forcing shape (i.e., by adjusting the parameters $\epsilon_m$ and $\phi$) can be seen analytically via Melnikov approach. Indeed, a necessary condition for chaos is that the stable and the unstable manifolds of the corresponding hyperbolic fixed point intersect transversally.
One way to verify this condition is to look at the simple zeros of the Melnikov function which corresponds to  the distance between the stable and unstable manifolds (order of the perturbation) measured along a direction that is perpendicular to the unperturbed homoclinic orbit. In our case, the existence (or nonexistence) of zeros in the Melnikov function can adroitly be seen with the sign of
\begin{equation} M_0=\max_{t_o}\left|F\left(t_0;\alpha,\epsilon,\omega,\epsilon_m,m,\phi\right)\right|-\left|R\left(\alpha,\beta,\delta\right)\right|,\label{Melnikov_function}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}\nonumber
\begin{split}
\mbox{where, }&F\left(t_0;\alpha,\epsilon,\omega,\epsilon_m,m,\phi\right)=\pi\omega\epsilon/N\left(\phi\right)\times\\
&\left[\sech\left(\omega\pi/2\sqrt{\alpha}\right)\sin\left(\omega t_{0}\right)\cdots\right.\\
&\left.\cdots + m\epsilon_{m}\sech\left(m\omega\pi/2\sqrt{\alpha}\right)\sin\left(m\omega t_{0}+\phi\right)\right]
\end{split}
\end{equation} is a periodic function corresponding to the forcing and,
$R\left(\alpha,\beta,\delta\right)=4\alpha^{3/2}\delta/3\sqrt{2\beta}$ represents the unforced oscillator's threshold for the possibility of chaos. In the case where $M_0>0$ the stable and unstable manifolds intersect transversally turning on the possibility of chaos. In the other case i.e., $M_0<0$ the manifolds do not intersect and the possibility of chaos is turned off.\\
Figure \ref{fig_2} illustrates $M_0$ vs. the forcing shape parameters i.e., $\kappa=\left\{\epsilon_m,\phi\right\}$ while all the other parameters are maintained  fixed with values corresponding to the experiment Fig.~\ref{fig_4b} (i.e., $\alpha=.028$, $\beta=-.166$, $\delta=.020$, $\epsilon=.0022$ and $\omega=.20$). With Fig.~\ref{fig_2} we clearly see that by adjusting parameters $\epsilon_m$ and $\phi$ we are able to turn  on the  possibility of chaos (from very cold to hot color) and vice-versa, turn off the possibility of chaos (from hot to very cold color).
\\
\begin{figure}[t]
\includegraphics[scale=.60]{Melnikov.eps}
\caption{\label{fig_2}  $M_0$ versus the pair of  parameters controlling the forcing shape i.e., $\kappa=\left\{\epsilon_m,\phi\right\}$ .}
\end{figure}
\\
From these analytical results, based on Melnikov approach and illustrated by $M_0$ (see Fig.~\ref{fig_2}), two extreme regions  in the parameter space controlling the  forcing shape can be distinguished: one very hot around $\kappa_1=\left\{\epsilon_m=.2,\phi=\pi\right\}$, and one very cold around $\kappa_0=\left\{\epsilon_m=.9,\phi=.35\right\}$.
Figure \ref{fig_3} qualitatively shows  the ability to turn on/off chaos by numerically integrating the phase space evolution of the system Eq.~\ref{Eq:PhysicalModel} for the pairs of parameters $\kappa_{1/0}$.\\
On one hand, when chaos is turned on (i.e., parameters controlling the forcing shape are taken as $\kappa_1$), the system  oscillates by wandering unpredictably in a large domain of the phase space without any apparent pattern (see Fig.~\ref{fig_3}(a)).  On the other hand, when chaos is turned off (i.e., parameters controlling the forcing shape are taken as $\kappa_0$), the system oscillates by staying trapped on a closed curve of the phase space with a periodic pattern (see Fig.~\ref{fig_3}(b)).
\begin{figure}[t]
\includegraphics[scale=.60]{ChaosOnOff_Sim.eps}
\caption{\label{fig_3} Phase space from numerical simulation when chaos is turned on (i.e., $\epsilon_m=.2$, $\phi=\pi$) and off (i.e., $\epsilon_m=.9$, $\phi=.35$)  (a)-(b), respectively.}
\end{figure}
\\

In order to determine if a system is chaotic and quantify its chaoticity it is important to study the evolution of a cloud of neighboring initial conditions. More precisely, we want to quantify the sensitivity to initial conditions which is a key ingredient in chaotic systems. This sensitivity to initial conditions can be quantified as:
$$
\left|\delta{\bf X}\left(t\right)\right|\approx e^{\lambda t}\left|\delta{\bf X}\left(0\right)\right|,
$$
where $\delta{\bf X}\left(t\right)$ is the evolution of a close cloud of neighboring initial conditions and $\lambda$ is the mean rate of separation of the system called Lyapunov exponent. When $\lambda>0$, any two orbits that start out very close to each other diverge quickly, otherwise when $\lambda<0$ all points in the neighborhood converge toward the same periodic orbit. In order to compute the Lyapunov exponent we first consider the time evolution of the Jacobian  $J^t\left(\theta,\dot{\theta}\right)$ given by the tangent flow and the matrix of variations as
$$
\frac{dJ^t}{dt}=
\left(\begin{array}{cc}
1&0\\
\frac{\partial \ddot{\theta}}{\partial\theta}&\frac{\partial\ddot{\theta}}{\partial\dot{\theta}}
\end{array}
\right)J^t,
$$
where  $J^0=I$ is the two-dimensional identity matrix.
Then, the leading Lyapunov exponent for a finite-time $t=\tau$ is defined as $\lambda\left(\tau\right)=\frac{1}{\tau}\ln\left|\Lambda_{max}\right|$
where $\Lambda_{max}$ is the largest  eigenvalue (in norm) of the Jacobian $J^{\tau}$.\\
Figure \ref{fig_4} shows the leading Lyapunov exponent $\lambda$ vs. time $t$ when chaos is turned on/off (i.e., with forcing shape parameters $\kappa_{1\slash0}$) . On one hand, when chaos is turned on Fig.~\ref{fig_4} (a) displays a Lyapunov exponent converging toward a positive value of $\lambda=.015$. Such a value indicates high sensitivity to initial conditions in the system and consequently high chaotic behavior. In the other hand, when chaos is turned off, Fig.~\ref{fig_4} (b) shows a negative Lyapunov exponent value  indicating no sensitivity to initial conditions and consequently no chaotic behavior. All orbits converge toward the periodic orbits shown in Fig.~\ref{fig_3}(a).
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[scale=.60]{Lyapunov_Sim.eps}
\caption{\label{fig_4} Leading Lyapunov exponent $\lambda$ vs time $t$ from numerical simulation when is turned on (i.e., $\epsilon_m=.2$, $\phi=\pi$) and off (i.e., $\epsilon_m=.9$, $\phi=.35$)  (a)-(b), respectively.}
\end{figure}
After having been applied analytically and numerically, this strategy for turning on/off chaos has also been implemented experimentally.
The design and construction of our experimental system based on \cite{Berger:97} and is illustrated in Fig.~\ref{fig_4b}. Such a setup presents the advantage of being economical and  simple to realize while still being able to be qualitatively described by Eq. (\ref{Eq:PhysicalModel}).
The oscillator consists of a vertical steel beam with a brass weight clamped at its top.  This beam is subjected to a forcing produced by a pair of electromagnets connected to an arbitrary wave generator.
This generator fed the electromagnets with a bi-chromic voltage wave identical to $\gamma$ (see Fig.~\ref{fig_1}). In addition, four strain gauges  glued on the beam send an electrical signal to an differential amplifier electrical circuit providing voltages proportional to the bending angle from the vertical $\theta$ and the  angular velocity $\dot{\theta}$.
The experimental procedure consists of starting  the oscillation around $(\theta_0=0,\dot{\theta}_0=0)$, then waiting $20$ min (i.e., more than $200$ times the forcing period) in order to pass the transient mode to make sure the system has well converged toward its attractor, and finally recording the data at $60~\mbox{Sa}.\mbox{s}^{-1}$ for $20$ min.
\begin{figure}[t]
\includegraphics[scale=.50]{XpsetupBis.eps}
\caption{\label{fig_4b}
Sketch of experimental setup.\\
(a) Mechanical oscillator with weight, steel beam \cite{Ruler}, strain gauges \cite{Strain} and electromagnets \cite{ElectroMagnet} from top to bottom.\\
(b) Arbitrary waive generator \cite{AWG}.\\
(c) Sketch of the differential amplifier electrical \cite{Circuit}.\\
(d) Data acquisition \cite{DataQ} and signal treatment system.}
\end{figure}
Figure~\ref{fig_5} shows experimental results for the phase space evolution of our experimental Duffing oscillator Fig.~\ref{fig_4b}.

These results verify the strategy proposed i.e., by simply and only adjusting the forcing shape we are able to turn on/off chaos. As predicted by the analytical and numerical results, chaos is turned on/off when the forcing shape parameters are adjusted as $\kappa_{1\slash 0}$ (see Fig. \ref{fig_1} for illustration).
On one hand, when chaos is turned on, the system oscillates in unpredictable fashion in a large part of the phase space domain. On the other hand, when chaos is turned off, the system oscillates in a completely predictable periodic pattern.
\begin{figure}[t]
\includegraphics[scale=.60]{ChaosOnOff_Xp.eps}
\caption{\label{fig_5} Nondimensionalized phase space from experiment when chaos is turned on (i.e., $\epsilon_m=.2$, $\phi=\pi$) and off (i.e., $\epsilon_m=.9$, $\phi=.35$)  (a)-(b), respectively.
The nondimensionalized  experimental parameter values  are the same as in Fig. \ref{fig_3}. These nondimensionalized values correspond to: a forcing frequency of $18$ mHz  and an amplitude of $1.25$ Vpp on the magnets; a torsional restoring force cubic and linear  coefficient of $2.5$ and $15.1$ mN.m, and a torsional viscous  damping coefficient of  $.31$ mN.m.s.}
\end{figure}
We have shown analytically, numerically and experimentally that chaotic behavior of the famous Duffing oscillator can be controlled successfully by  the bi-chromic forcing $\gamma$. More precisely, by adjusting the forcing shape (i.e., the amplitude ratio $\epsilon_m$ and the phase difference $\phi$ between the two harmonics composing the forcing) chaotic behavior can be turned on/off.
This control strategy has the great advantage of being extremely easy to set up since neither feed back loop nor addition of time variation input are necessary. Furthermore, this strategy does not require important investments such as increase in force amplitude or frequency. \\
Due to the universality of the Duffing equation in science, we expect this strategy  to be applicable to other oscillatory experimental systems as well.
\begin{acknowledgments}
The authors are grateful to C. Chandre for his help and suggestions, and thanks  M. Labour, N. Zaharia, B. Belda and H. Wang for their assistance in performing the experiments.
\end{acknowledgments}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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text:
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Dissertation Topic/Category: Early Modern Europe
Dissertation Title: Wars, Feuds, and Enmities- the Violent State of Late Medieval Germany: 1350-1500
The dissertation, Wars, Feuds, and Enmities, the Violent State of Late Medieval Germany: 1350-1500, aims to provide an alternative interpretation of conflict and violence in the late medieval Holy Roman Empire by deconstructing the category under which organized violence has been understood within the dominant tradition of German historiography: the feud (die Fehde). In this tradition, the institution of the feud has been understood as a tightly delineated juridical category of lawful, organized violence. The feud was thus closely tied to defending and claiming formal legal rights among noble and non-noble lordships within the body politic of the empire. However, as this dissertation argues, this conception of the feud has brought historians to exclude those socio-political, economic-demographic, and cultural-affective aspects of the feud that cannot be assimilated into this legalistic discourse. Properly historicizing feuding and organized violence in the Late Middle Ages, necessitates, as this dissertation contends, giving these neglected facets more prominence. To this end, this dissertation advances a more capacious reading of conflict on the basis of archival research undertaken with support of a Fulbright grant (2019/2020). Making use of previously untouched archival evidence from central Germany and adjoining regions (Saxony, Thuringia, Saxon-Anhalt, Bavaria, and Lower Saxony), it explains the crucial significance of these aforementioned contexts, namely how cultural and affective conventions underpinned late medieval violence, the honor-enmity culture from which these conventions were derived, and the economic factors and motivations connected to endemic feuding and warfare. The larger implication of this dissertation lies in how it offers an alternative to the legalitarian discourse that has conditioned historians to approach pre modern violence and conflict in a manner that reduces what was arguably one of the principle organizing structures of pre-modern societies into an abstract system of norms.


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Q: When i login the backend of magento2 have a Fatal error When i login the backend of magento2 have a fatal error:

Fatal error: Only variables can be passed by reference in E:\www\magento2g\app\code\Magento\Backend\view\adminhtml\templates\system\search.phtml on line 31

The file search.phtml code is as follows:

A: Magento 2 is incompatible with asp_tags on settings in php. Please disable it and try login one more time.
PS. asp tags support was removed in php7

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#WTLCIndyNews: East Coast Storm Claims More Lives And Causes Disruptions; School Head At Park Tudor Commits Suicide; Broncos Panthers Set Super Bowl and More
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In Sports:
The Denver Broncos and the Carolina Panthers will play for the Lombardi Trophy in Super Bowl 50 in less than two weeks. The Broncos held on for a 20-18 win over the New England Patriots in the AFC Championship Game, while the Panthers piled up points and takeaways in drilling the Arizona Cardinals to a lopsided 49-15 score in the NFC title game.
So now that we know the lineup for the Super Bowl…#Colt4life quarterback Peyton Manning leading the Broncos head to head against quarterback Cam Newton and the Panthers, the Las Vegas oddsmakers are making the Panthers the early favorite. It's Manning's fourth trip to the Superbowl, but despite that, the Westgate SuperBook opened the Panthers as five-and-a-half-point favorites over the Broncos Sunday. But does that mean anything? Well here's the record. Their team pick has been the winner of 32 out of 49 Super Bowls. Carolina is making their second appearance in team history. Catch the action on Sunday, February 7 at Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California.
The Pacers are back in Indy after a four-game road trip. The Pacers went 1-and-3, falling to Denver, Golden State and Sacramento while beating the Suns. The Pacers are back in action on Tuesday night at Bankers Life Fieldhouse, facing off with the L.A. Clippers. The Clippers match-up is the first of a four-game home stand.
In tennis…Serena Williams is into the quarterfinals at the Australian Open. The top-seeded American breezed to an easy 6-2, 6-1 victory over Margarita Gasparyan for her 11th straight victory in Oz. The victory for number one-seeded Williams sets up another battle royale with Russian Maria Sharapova. Williams – Sharapova is always a highly-anticipated matchup. The fifth-seeded Sharapova held off a challenge from Switzerland's Belinda Bencic to win 7-5, 7-5. Serena is seeking her seventh Australian Open title and second straight.
As the East Coast is digging out from 'snowmaggeddon' and residents attempt to create some normalcy, the weather in Indianapolis isn't bad. Expect partly cloudy skies early then developing showers in the afternoon with today's high at 41 degrees.
Don't get it twisted…funnyman Chris Rock will be in the house. Rock is definitely keeping his commitment to host The Oscars on February 28. Oscars producer Reginald Hudlin told "Entertainment Tonight" that the comedian will not be stepping down from his role as host. In fact, Rock is writing a whole new show to reflect the recent diversity controversies. Hudlin said the host and his writing team have "locked themselves in a room" for the rewrite.
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Confidence and self-esteem are two of the most valuable assets you can have. Not only does it determine the degree of success you enjoy, the quality of your relationships, and how healthy you are, it also determines whether you will live a life worth living. I stress this because you are given so many gifts and opportunities in life and if you don't have the confidence to go for it or the self-esteem that tells you that you deserve it, you will have been given an extraordinary life only to have settled for so much less than you are meant to have. It is your right, actually I will be so bold as to say your RESPONSIBILITY to live a fulfilling, meaningful life and not squander one precious moment of it. The great news is you CAN develop this skills that will allow you to create the life you deserve.
Take this 5 minute diagnostic to see where you are now and be sure to join our FREE community at http://on.fb.me/1KvF4Kk and visit often. We are a community who recognizes the importance of self-love and confidence in ourselves and our children. You will find techniques, meditations, freebies each week and mostly, that you are not alone. TOGETHER we will build each other up to our highest potential and shine our lights brightly.
5 = Yep, that's me!
□ When you make a mistake, you play it over and over again in your mind.
□You don't always voice your opinion because you feel others know more than you or may think you are foolish.
□ When someone gives you a compliment, you minimize it by giving credit to the dress or your clothes for making you look good.
□ You stay in bad relationships that have adverse effects on you, long after you know it is time to leave.
□ You sometimes feel you don't deserve to be happy.
□ You have difficulty expressing yourself in a group of people you don't know well.
□ You find it hard to say "NO" to people when face to face?
□ It takes you a long time to forgive yourself for things.
□ You feel uncomfortable asking for a raise or promotion at work.
□ If you do poorly at something, you feel it is because you are inadequate.
□ You earn a trip to Mexico for doing a great job at work. You tell people you are lucky rather than feeling pleased that you earned it.
□ You get nervous when you walk into a room of people by yourself.
□ When you meet new people you are not sure what to say.
□ You feel like other people are doing better than you am in life.
□ If you are given criticism, you respond right away to defend yourself.
□ You feel you need to explain the reasons for your choices to people.
□ You tend to be a perfectionist.
□ You back down during disagreements to appease the other person.
□ You have poor posture.
□ You compare yourself to others.
1 – 25 You seem to have a lot of confidence and a strong sense of self. If you ever need a boost of encouragement, please join us in the Confidence Zone at http://on.fb.me/1KvF4Kk.
26 – 45 Although you are confident, the doubts sometimes take over. Mastering your thoughts so you can make choices with confidence will make you feel better about yourself and bring you the greatest success of all; a life you love living. We welcome you into our group to gain more of what you already have and share your resources with our members in the Confidence Zone at http://on.fb.me/1KvF4Kk.
46 – 70 You are not alone. You can have a life where your heart is full of happiness because you are free from that nagging voice of doubt, fear and regret. There are reasons we develop doubts and fears and there are ways to dispel them as well. Investing the time to cultivate these skills will bring you that elusive feeling of sheer joy that comes when you know that everything is going your way! Claim the life you are meant to have by joining us now in the Confidence Zone at http://on.fb.me/1KvF4Kk.
71 – 100 Sometimes it can feel so lonely, but it doesn't have to. It's not your fault and you are not alone. The Confidence Zone has real solutions for real people and others who know what you are going through. You deserve so much more than being a prisoner to your thoughts of mediocrity. You have so much value and are capable of great things. Let us share what works for us and different ways that will make you more confident and excited about creating the lifestyle that you deserve and are meant to have. Meet us in the Confidence Zone at http://on.fb.me/1KvF4Kk now.
You can download a printable version of this at http://on.fb.me/1MhOeHK and join the Confidence Zone.


text:
Q: Missing file doc comment phpcs Estoy usando visual studio code para programar en PHP y de repente al crear un archivo nuevo y escribir un poco de código me aparece ese mensaje. Lo ignore pensando que NO afectaría en nada pero resulta que sí.

A: "Missing File Doc Comment".
El error lo marca la extensión phpcs, está indicando que no se encuentra el comentario del documento. Con añadir el comentario ya no avisará de su ausencia. Tiene que ser del estilo de la siguiente plantilla.
/**
 * PHP version 7
 *
 * @category Template_Class
 * @package  Template_Class
 * @author   Author <author@domain.com>
 * @license  https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT MIT License
 * @link     http://localhost/
 */

phpcs usa por defecto el standard PEAR, que tiene esta regla.
En visual studio code puedes cambiar de standard,
phpsc por defecto trae MySource, PEAR, PSR1, PSR12, PSR2, Squiz and Zend.
Yo uso PSR12, que no incluye esa norma.
Para cambiar el standard ve a
gestor de extensiones > phpcs > manage > Configure Extension Settings
En el apartado Phpcs: Standard clicka en Edit in settings.json
Añade en el json la siguiente línea con el standard que prefieras de los disponibles
"phpcs.standard": "PSR12"


text:
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Learning internationalisation strategy: configuring appropriate support
Marketing & Recruitment, Policy & Strategy, Student services
By Fiona Hunter, Neil Sparnon
Speaking with our colleagues in the internationalisation community recently, we were struck by the current debate around the appropriate approach to internationalisation in the context of institutional strategic planning and the implications for the future configuration of support for international students. This blog visits the pros and cons of integrating international student services with home student services.
In many ways, this is an age-old debate which applies to other higher education institutional activities as much as internationalisation. In short, it comes down to whether internationalisation is best pursued through a specific internationalisation strategy and implemented through the medium of a specialist international office, or through the dispersal of internationalisation activities across the institution? Centralisation or dispersal? Concentration or integration?
International versus home student services
Let's take a simple example, the student life-cycle. Many institutions will view the process through which all students pass, from their initial contact with the institution's marketing activities, through recruitment, admission, enrolment, study, assessment, graduation and alumni.
Responsibility for the support of students is passed between different parts of the institution as they progress from someone interested in study at an institution to a fully-fledged graduate. Though institutions will differ in terms of where the boundaries between these functional units lie – for example you often see Student Support, Alumni and Registry functions grouped under the general banner of 'Student Administration' – the process is largely the same.
International students, however, have specific needs, in terms of admissions criteria, visa support, language training, accommodation and student support. The solution adopted by many institutions is to create a separate international office or separate international services in which international expertise is concentrated and which provides direct support to international students in these areas. In this instance, international student marketing, recruitment, registration and student support all fall under the category of 'International Office' or 'International Services'.
These specialised international services/units have assumed many of the responsibilities of other units in the administration and support of international students. This can include marketing, which often uses agents based in countries targeted for recruitment activities. It includes admissions, in which the international office's expertise in legal matters around visas, student support and accommodation is often key. Though, in this example, academic management remains the responsibility of the faculty and graduation and alumni support with a dedicated office, it is possible some aspects of these functions can also be picked up by a dedicated international office.
The pros and cons combined services
The advantages of creating specialist international services to support different aspects of the international student life-cycle are readily apparent. It creates a 'one-stop-shop' to which international students can turn for all aspects of their support. It encourages the development of close working relationships and creates a level of expertise and efficiency as it becomes more proficient in the kind of problems that regularly confront international students. In turn, this proficiency enables institutions to reap the maximum financial benefits from international students by reducing inefficiencies, concentrating expertise and taking advantage of economies of scale. These same savings might potentially enable some institutions to avoid fee increases or introduce a policy of lower fees for some programmes.
There are downsides however. International offices with extensive administrative responsibilities can become, in effect, institutions within institutions. They risk minimising the interaction international students have with other elements of the institution. Yes, they will interact with their fellow students during the course of their studies, but to what extent does that extend to social interaction and student support? Staff can also be affected. If all international recruitment and admissions are conducted outside of the marketing and admissions office, it will reduce the level of expertise contained therein. Specialisation may make staff more proficient, their skills deeper, but it runs the risk of also making them more narrow and reducing their potential to move between positions in the medium to long-term.
Not least, the separation of international students removes the possibility of non-international students benefitting from services they might find useful. Guidance on financial management, medical facilities, accommodation and other student support activities are obvious examples, but non-international students might benefit from the kind of support in language and academic writing commonly offered to international students.
The integrationist approach
Where do we sit in this heated debate? Well, at the risk of splinters, somewhere near the middle. There are advantages to both approaches and the choice will always depend to some degree on institutional circumstances and individual experience and preferences. That said, our experience increasingly pushes us towards the integrationist approach – we have written in other blogs about our approach to strategic planning. We argue that the principal activities through which any institution achieves its mission and vision are academic – teaching, research and outreach. In these circumstances, internationalisation is a form of these activities and not a distinct activity in itself. If form follows function, structure follows purpose, then our preference is to encourage institutions to reap the maximum benefits of internationalisation by integrating it as far as practicable into their mainstream activities.
Admittedly there are downsides, and often these are financial. Institutions need to consider these carefully. However, our view is that the benefits of internationalisation are academic, cultural and social as much as they are financial. By all means recognise and support the particular needs of international students, but in so doing, do not ignore the extent to which they share such needs with others, and make every effort to facilitate the benefits of these activities to the entire institution.
In organisational terms, this means institutions retain the current choice. Centralised internationalisation services can be of great value. In practical terms, we urge institutions not to exclude other students from accessing them as appropriate and to encourage all involved in their provision, to build cross-functional teams to support all students and staff in their daily activities as needed.
Fiona is Associate Director at the Centre for Higher Education Internationalisation (CHEI) at Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Italy and an independent higher education consultant. Neil is an independent consultant in higher education management and strategic planning based in the UK.
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Call 338-6461 to schedule an appointment to adopt a pup, or any of the other animals currently at the shelter.
Baggerly is a selfless volunteer who has given back to our community for many years. Learn more about this amazing lady in Saturday's edition of the Guymon Daily Herald!
Following the 2019 election for three positions on city council, the elected members of Guymon City Council will be sworn in for their four year terms on Monday afternoon at 1 p.m.
Call the animal shelter today at 338-6461 to schedule an appointment to see these guys or any of the other animals they have.
Old Timers Committee Chair Phyllis Stephens stands to announce the 2019 Pioneer Queen Jaqueline Freeman and Parade Marshall Dr. Harold S. Kechel as Mrs. Freeman's sons Mark, Paul and Luke look on with pride.


Background: The elderly population's health has become a priority as their numbers are on the rise and they are increasingly becoming vulnerable to physical and mental diseases. Studies show that an elderly person's health depends on his/her utilization of health knowledge in daily life. Hence, here we investigated the contributing factors of knowledge utilization in the elderly population.
Methods: A qualitative study was conducted through conventional content analysis. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were held with 29 elderly individuals from Tehran. A focus group discussion was conducted (eight elderly individuals), and an expert panel was held with nine experts to complement the results.
Results: Upon data analysis, four categories and seven subcategories were extracted. The main categories included provision of basic needs, maintaining dignity, life satisfaction, and negative feelings toward self and others. The concept of 'life satisfaction' held a pivotal role in relation to the other categories.
Conclusion: Life satisfaction was the main category in the utilization of health knowledge among the elderly. Aging should be foreseen and forethought to increase life satisfaction. The followings can be effective in increasing life satisfaction in the elderly: Promoting positive-thinking, placing greater emphasis on spiritualism in life, employment of the elderly, and promoting the culture and tradition of respecting the elderly.


text:
Cacostegania är ett släkte av fjärilar. Cacostegania ingår i familjen mätare.

Kladogram enligt Catalogue of Life:

Källor

Mätare
Cacostegania

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


What is ADD Caused By?
ADD (short for attention deficit disorder) is one of the most common childhood mental disorders in the United States.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), approximately 6.4 million American children (between ages 4 and 17) have been diagnosed with ADD.
A study published in BMC Psychiatry states that between 30-50% of those diagnosed with ADD as children continue to experience symptoms as adults.
Though ADD is still widely used to describe the mental disorder, the American Psychiatric Association officially changed the name of the condition to ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder).
The DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition) lists the most common symptoms of ADD as attention difficulty, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness.
These symptoms often create problems at home, school, and recreational activities, commonly leading to other problems such as low self-esteem, depression, and trouble with relationships.
Fortunately, a wide variety of treatments are available. Medication and talk therapy (or a combination of the two) are the most effective.
We discuss the specifics of ADD in children and adults in greater detail below.
Roughly 6.4 million children have been diagnosed with ADD in the United States alone, making it the most common childhood mental disorder.
And it looks to be on the rise. Research from George Washington University suggests that there's been a 43% increase in ADD diagnoses since 2003.
According to the CDC, ADD is three times more common in males than females. The symptoms usually first start to appear when the patient is 3 to 6 years old. The average age of diagnosis is 7 years old.
The symptoms of ADD in children vary but commonly consist of difficulty concentrating, paying attention, and remembering small details. Children with ADD are often unfairly labeled as lazy or troublemakers since they have a hard time following instructions.
Yet not all children that exhibit these behaviors actually have ADD. Sometimes normal "kid behavior" is confused as the mental disorder.
A good rule of thumb is that a child with only a few of the above-mentioned signs likely doesn't have ADD. However, those that do exhibit most of the signs, in all situations (home, school, and recreation), probably do have ADD.
Of course, the only way to know for sure whether your child has ADD is by visiting your doctor for a diagnosis.
Even doctors sometimes have a hard time making a ADD diagnosis. There is currently no definitive test for ADD.
Instead, a doctor must observe a child over a long period of time, gathering evidence from multiple sources (including their school and caregivers).
Much of the diagnosis is based off how a child acts versus other children their age.
HelpGuide.org states that childhood behavior that is similar to ADD can be caused by sudden life changes (such as divorce or moving), anxiety, or depression. Medical disorders that affect brain function is another less common cause of ADD-like symptoms.
Most children are diagnosed with ADD when they are 5 or older. It's difficult to diagnose a child younger than this, as normal preschool-aged behaviors are sometimes similar to the behaviors of children with ADD.
Inattentive – Difficulty focusing and paying attention. Does not interrupt in school or other activities.
Hyperactive/Impulsive – Hyperactive and impulsive. Often interrupts in school and other activities. No difficulty paying attention.
Combined – Mixture of inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive. Most common form of ADD in children.
Several types of treatment are available to help manage ADD in children once a diagnosis has been made. The most common are medications and talk therapy. Special education programs are another option.
HelpforADD.com, run by David Rabiner, Ph.D., suggests combining medication and talk therapy for long-term ADD management.
Not only does this combination of treatments address ADD in particular, it also helps children work on associated issues like anxiety and depression.
Of course, the best treatment depends on the specifics of each individual situation. Talk to your child's doctor to find the type of treatment that's the right solution for your child.
ADD is most common in children, but it still affects roughly 4.1% of adults in the United States.
According to the National Institute of Mental Health, most adults with ADD were diagnosed with the mental disorder as children. In fact, most of those that are diagnosed as children continue to experience symptoms into adulthood.
Although it's relatively uncommon, it's still possible to have ADD as an adult even if you weren't diagnosed as a child. Usually this means that the symptoms were unnoticed or unrecognized throughout childhood.
HelpGuide.org states that it was particularly common for childhood ADD to go unrecognized in the past. ADD behaviors were commonly brushed off with labels such as goofball, class clown, and trouble maker rather than seeing the symptoms for what they actually were.
Another problem with diagnosing ADD in adults is that its signs and symptoms are often much different than they are for children. Furthermore, every person experiences ADD differently.
Dealing with the symptoms of ADD as an adult is much different than as a child. In addition to managing the mental disorder itself, most adults are also juggling a job, relationships, and household chores.
The stress of ADD on jobs, relationships, and everyday life causes mood swings, irritability, explosive temper, low self-esteem, restlessness, and trouble staying motivated in adults.
These problems can then lead to depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and a host of other mental disorders.
The key to effectively managing ADD is seeking treatment. This starts with an adult ADD diagnosis from your doctor.
Just like child ADD, a diagnosis for adult ADD is complicated. There is no simple test that can prove your mental disorder is ADD.
Instead, your doctor will evaluate you over an extended period of time. They'll take your reported symptoms into account along with your personal history.
A doctor will also take a comprehensive evaluation of your early medical history. They'll look at your childhood to see if you exhibited any early developmental or behavioral signs that hint at undiagnosed ADD.
For adults that are diagnosed with ADD, medication is a cornerstone of treatment, according to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America. This is often paired with some type of therapy, usually talk therapy.
Treating ADD in an adult with another mental disorder (such as depression or anxiety) is more difficult. It's often essential to pair medication and talk therapy with more intensive therapy such as behavioral, psychological, and educational interventions.
CHADD (Children and Adults with Attention Deficient Hyperactivity Disorder), the national resource on ADHD, is a great resource for adults with ADD combined with an additional mental disorder that are looking for the best treatment.
In addition to treatment, there's a lot that adults with ADD can do to manage their condition on their own. Sometimes learning these self-management techniques reduces or eliminates the need for outside intervention and treatment.
Healthy Lifestyle – Vigorous exercise and a healthy diet help burn off excess energy, limit stress, and prevent mood swings.
Sleep – Getting enough sleep increases your concentration and ability to focus on tasks.
Time Management – Deadlines, even for very small tasks, can help you stay on track and avoid procrastination.
Support Network – Support of friends and family is critical for managing ADD as an adult. Maintain relationships by focusing on listening rather than talking.
If your ADD symptoms are interfering with your work, relationships, and life in general, it's always smart to see your doctor.
Your doctor will help create a plan to manage your symptoms that's specifically tailored to your individual struggles with ADD.
The exact causes of ADD aren't known for sure. Yet there are several factors that have been connected to the mental disorder.
First and foremost is the family connection. Patricia S. Lemer, M.Ed. states that ADD commonly runs in families. In fact, more than half of children with ADD have a parent with ADD.
The genetic reasons for the cause of ADD are unknown. Yet researchers have narrowed down the responsible genes to those that deal with dopamine. According to PsychCentral, those with ADD have lower levels of dopamine in their brains.
Another possible genetic cause has to do with brain tissue. Children with ADD often have thinner brain tissue in certain areas than children without ADD. However, this thin brain tissue often develops to the normal level of thickness as children grow up.
WebMD states that problems with pregnancy are another common cause of ADD. These include premature birth and low birth weight. Mothers that smoke or drink alcohol during pregnancy are much likelier to have children with ADD.
Nutrition and diet is another potential cause of ADD. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, a diet high in food additives and sugar can lead to the mental disorder.
However, the research into this particular cause is unclear. Many experts believe that while high levels of sugar can exacerbate the symptoms of ADD, it's unlikely a root cause.
Environmental factors like ingestion of lead paint were likely a major cause of ADD in past decades. Yet thanks to the elimination of lead in paint, this particular cause is much less common. However, it's still something to consider for children that grew up in older buildings with toxic levels of lead.
Finally, a very small percentage of ADD cases have been linked to brain injury at a young age, according to the Neurologic Rehabilitation Institute at Brookhaven Hospital. Such injuries (both physical and those caused by toxins) can create symptoms of ADD in children that previously didn't exhibit them.
Despite strong evidence that points to several potential causes of ADD, the exact causes are still unknown.
Much research is still being done, focused particularly on the front lobes of the brain (the area responsible for planning, problem solving, and impulse control), to find out what causes ADD in the first place.
Medication is the number one way that ADD is treated in the United States.
Though it's often paired with other forms of treatment, it remains the central component in the vast majority of cases.
The specific type of medication and dosage depends on the individual. Your doctor will prescribe the best medication for the specifics of your condition after diagnosis.
Keep in mind that it's difficult to find the right medication from the get-go. Most of those with ADD must try several different medications, in different doses, before finding the one that works best for them.
Stimulants have long been the most commonly prescribed medication for ADD in North America.
Medscape General Medicine states that stimulants are effective at treating ADD in roughly 70-80% of people. This type of medication can be safely used for children, teens, and adults.
There are three main types of stimulants to treat ADD. These are fast-acting, intermediate-acting, and long-acting.
The fast-acting form takes effect quickly but wears off quickly and needs to be taken several times a day. The long-acting form, on the other hand, takes a while to take effect but lasts for a long time. It only needs to be taken once per day.
The most commonly prescribed stimulants for ADD include amphetamine, dextroamphetamine, dexmethylphenidate, lisdexamfetamine, and methylphenidate.
Adderall and Ritalin are the most commonly recognized brand-name stimulants for ADD.
Stimulants don't work for a small percentage of those with ADD. In these cases, non-stimulant medication is used. It is also used for those that experience negative side effects from stimulant ADD medication.
Atomoxetine is the most common non-stimulant medication prescribed to those with ADD. It's approved by the FDA for use in children, teenagers, and adults.
Stimulant and non-stimulant medications are used to treat ADD in almost all cases.
A very small number of people need another type of medication if stimulants/non-stimulants don't work or cause unpleasant side effects.
These other medications include amitriptyline, bupropion, and escitalopram.
Certain ADD medications, most commonly those that are stimulants, cause unpleasant side effects.
Fortunately, the majority of these side effects make themselves known early on. It's easy to change medications to one that doesn't cause them.
It's also important to note that stimulants often make other mental disorders worse. Your doctor might recommend avoiding them if you are also struggling with depression, anxiety, or bipolar.
ADD medications work differently for everyone. It's important to pay close attention to how medications you're prescribed affect you to know if they're properly working.
Purpose – Understanding the intended purpose of your medication is the first step to knowing if it's working correctly.
Time – ADD medications don't work right away. Be sure to give your medication a few weeks before you ask for a change.
Outside Factors – Lifestyle changes can affect your ADD symptoms just as much as medication. A poor night's sleep or lack of exercise can cause them to flare up.
Recognition – A reduction in symptoms is the number one way to know that your medication is working correctly. According to Healthline, many people experience a sensation that a fog has been lifted when their medications work correctly.
Side Effects – Noticing negative or unpleasant side effects is the key to getting your medication (or dosage) changed to a better one.
ADD medications are much more effective for most people when they're combined with talk therapy.
WebMD states that talk therapy reduces the symptoms of ADD by helping the patient establish better lifestyle habits. It can also improve mood and behavior by creating a more positive mindset.
ADD, also commonly referred to as ADHD, is one of the most common mental disorders in the United States, especially among children.
A large percentage of those that have ADD as children continue to experience symptoms well into adulthood. Luckily, the condition is manageable with treatment that combines medication and talk therapy.
Developing a solid understanding of both childhood ADD and adult ADD is the best way to ensure that you get the help needed to manage the condition.