text:
Q: replace Regular Expression by a modified version of the Regular Expression result So I am trying to locate and replace all the color values of a css by a modified version of themselves. In this case, I am concentrating on all color codes with the same values.
Replace #333333 by #333.
My code is the following:
var regex = textCssMini1.replace(/\#\d{6}/g,"$1");

My code allows me to locate the #333333 and replaces it by $1. However I want to replace it by #333.
NB: Multiple instances of color codes exist in my string such as #000000, thus I want to apply it to any possibility.

A: You can use following regex with capturing group replace(/#([\da-f])\1([\da-f])\2([\da-f])\3/ig, "#$1$2$3")

var textCssMini1 = '#111111 #123456 #ffffff #225588 #235588 #333333 #gggggg ( not valid color code )';

var regex = textCssMini1.replace(/#([\da-f])\1([\da-f])\2([\da-f])\3/ig, "#$1$2$3");

document.write(regex);

Regex explanation

A: how about this
var regex = textCssMini1.replace(/\#(\d){6}/g,"#$1$1$1");

A: This will work
var regex = textCssMini1.replace(/#([\da-f])\1{5}/ig,"#$1$1$1");

JS Demo

var textCssMini1 = '#111111 #123456 #ffffff';
var regex = textCssMini1.replace(/#([\da-f])\1{5}/ig,"#$1$1$1");
document.write(regex);

If you want to replace each RGB values separately
var regex = textCssMini1.replace(/#([\da-f])\1([\da-f])\2([\da-f])\3/ig,"#$1$2$3");

A: This should by what you need:
var regex = textCssMini1.replace(/\#(.)\1(.)\2(.)\3/i,"#$1$2$3");

Matches only if the is a string with a # char followed by 3 sequence of 2 identical characters, and if matches get replaced by a char followed by the 3 sigle characters.

*#225588 > #258 (replaced)

*#235588 > #235588 (not replaced)

*#333333 > #333 (replaced)
Test:

var tomin =document.querySelector('#tominify').innerHTML;

var minified = tomin.replace(/\#(.)\1(.)\2(.)\3/ig,"#$1$2$3");

document.querySelector('#minicolor').innerHTML=minified;
Sample css to test regex minify colors:

test1 {
        color: #442299;
        background-color: #442279;
}

test2 {
        color: #333333;
        background-color: #111112;
}


Match ends, Brazil U17 1, England U17 3.
Second Half ends, Brazil U17 1, England U17 3.
Foul by Yuri Alberto (Brazil U17).
George McEachran (England U17) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Lincoln (Brazil U17) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Foul by Lincoln (Brazil U17).
Rhian Brewster (England U17) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Attempt saved. Callum Hudson-Odoi (England U17) right footed shot from the left side of the box is saved in the centre of the goal. Assisted by Curtis Anderson.
Attempt saved. Yuri Alberto (Brazil U17) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the bottom right corner. Assisted by Helio Junio.
Attempt missed. Rodrigo Nestor (Brazil U17) left footed shot from outside the box is too high. Assisted by Helio Junio.
Substitution, England U17. Nya Kirby replaces Phil Foden.
Substitution, Brazil U17. Rodrigo Nestor replaces Alan.
George McEachran (England U17) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Helio Junio (Brazil U17) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Phil Foden (England U17).
Attempt missed. Phil Foden (England U17) right footed shot from the right side of the box is too high. Assisted by Emile Smith-Rowe.
Attempt saved. Alan (Brazil U17) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the bottom right corner. Assisted by Marcos Antonio.
Goal! Brazil U17 1, England U17 3. Rhian Brewster (England U17) right footed shot from very close range to the bottom left corner. Assisted by Emile Smith-Rowe.
Delay in match (Brazil U17).
Substitution, Brazil U17. Helio Junio replaces Victor Bobsin.
Substitution, England U17. Timothy Eyoma replaces Steven Sessegnon.
Offside, England U17. Phil Foden tries a through ball, but Rhian Brewster is caught offside.
Substitution, England U17. Emile Smith-Rowe replaces Morgan Gibbs-White.
Attempt missed. Lincoln (Brazil U17) header from the centre of the box misses to the left. Assisted by Weverson with a cross.
Marcos Antonio (Brazil U17) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by George McEachran (England U17).
Offside, England U17. Marc Guehi tries a through ball, but Rhian Brewster is caught offside.
Attempt saved. Paulinho (Brazil U17) right footed shot from the left side of the box is saved in the top centre of the goal. Assisted by Marcos Antonio.
Attempt saved. Yuri Alberto (Brazil U17) left footed shot from the left side of the box is saved in the centre of the goal. Assisted by Alan with a through ball.
Attempt saved. Phil Foden (England U17) right footed shot from the right side of the box is saved in the centre of the goal. Assisted by Rhian Brewster.
Substitution, Brazil U17. Yuri Alberto replaces Brenner.
Foul by Vitao (Brazil U17).
Rhian Brewster (England U17) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Attempt saved. Brenner (Brazil U17) right footed shot from the right side of the box is saved in the centre of the goal. Assisted by Paulinho.
Brenner (Brazil U17) is shown the yellow card.
Foul by Brenner (Brazil U17).
George McEachran (England U17) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by Weverson (Brazil U17).
Rhian Brewster (England U17) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Attempt missed. Rhian Brewster (England U17) header from the centre of the box is too high. Assisted by Callum Hudson-Odoi with a cross.
Offside, England U17. Joel Latibeaudiere tries a through ball, but Callum Hudson-Odoi is caught offside.
Callum Hudson-Odoi (England U17) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Corner, Brazil U17. Conceded by Curtis Anderson.
Attempt saved. Marcos Antonio (Brazil U17) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the top right corner. Assisted by Paulinho.
Paulinho (Brazil U17) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Morgan Gibbs-White (England U17).
Corner, England U17. Conceded by Lucas Halter.
Attempt blocked. Phil Foden (England U17) left footed shot from outside the box is blocked. Assisted by Morgan Gibbs-White.
Lincoln (Brazil U17) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Joel Latibeaudiere (England U17).
Second Half begins Brazil U17 1, England U17 2.
First Half ends, Brazil U17 1, England U17 2.
Corner, England U17. Conceded by Wesley.
Corner, England U17. Conceded by Vitao.
Attempt missed. Lincoln (Brazil U17) header from the centre of the box is too high. Assisted by Weverson with a cross.
Delay in match Brenner (Brazil U17) because of an injury.
Goal! Brazil U17 1, England U17 2. Rhian Brewster (England U17) left footed shot from very close range to the top left corner.
Attempt blocked. Callum Hudson-Odoi (England U17) right footed shot from the left side of the box is blocked. Assisted by Morgan Gibbs-White.
Attempt missed. Morgan Gibbs-White (England U17) right footed shot from outside the box misses to the right.
Hand ball by Phil Foden (England U17).
Attempt saved. Wesley (Brazil U17) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the bottom right corner. Assisted by Alan.
Tashan Oakley-Boothe (England U17) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Alan (Brazil U17) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Tashan Oakley-Boothe (England U17).
Attempt missed. Brenner (Brazil U17) right footed shot from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the right. Assisted by Vitao with a through ball.
Attempt missed. Joel Latibeaudiere (England U17) header from very close range is too high. Assisted by Callum Hudson-Odoi with a cross following a corner.
Corner, England U17. Conceded by Weverson.
Joel Latibeaudiere (England U17) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Hand ball by Wesley (Brazil U17).
Goal! Brazil U17 1, England U17 1. Wesley (Brazil U17) right footed shot from the centre of the box to the bottom left corner.
Attempt saved. Paulinho (Brazil U17) right footed shot from the right side of the box is saved in the centre of the goal. Assisted by Wesley.
Attempt missed. Paulinho (Brazil U17) left footed shot from the right side of the box is close, but misses to the right. Assisted by Wesley.
Victor Bobsin (Brazil U17) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Attempt missed. Vitao (Brazil U17) right footed shot from the right side of the six yard box is close, but misses to the right. Assisted by Brenner with a cross following a corner.
Corner, Brazil U17. Conceded by Joel Latibeaudiere.
Hand ball by Jonathan Panzo (England U17).
Steven Sessegnon (England U17) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Paulinho (Brazil U17) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by Steven Sessegnon (England U17).
Goal! Brazil U17 0, England U17 1. Rhian Brewster (England U17) right footed shot from very close range to the centre of the goal.
Attempt saved. Rhian Brewster (England U17) right footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the centre of the goal. Assisted by Callum Hudson-Odoi with a through ball.
Attempt missed. Weverson (Brazil U17) left footed shot from the left side of the box is high and wide to the left.
Attempt saved. Marcos Antonio (Brazil U17) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the bottom right corner. Assisted by Weverson.
Marc Guehi (England U17) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Attempt missed. Phil Foden (England U17) right footed shot from outside the box is close, but misses the top right corner. Assisted by Morgan Gibbs-White.
Tashan Oakley-Boothe (England U17) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Wesley (Brazil U17) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Callum Hudson-Odoi (England U17).


A local woman is allegedly considering a backflip on her previously strong gender equality stance after not receiving an extra life during a particularly heated game of backyard cricket yesterday. The woman, Tanya Wilton, was reportedly unhappy when she was knocked over by a fast yorker bowled by her brother on just the third ball of her innings. An awkward silence then followed as Tanya paused at the crease and waited for a reprieve that never came.
This afternoon, Tanya was still obviously shaken by the tough love shown by her brother, and refused to go on the record with The Watsonia Bugle. Although, she did acknowledge that she may now have to curb her previously cavalier approach with the bat.


text:
Kane Krlic named Dutch national coach
Total Rugby League 16/07/2014
Netherlands Rugby League has appointed Kane Krlic as its new coach.
He has formerly worked for the RFL and Sheffield Eagles as a community officer, with development clubs in the Midlands and the University of Derby team.
"It's an exciting opportunity, rugby league in the Netherlands has huge potential," said Krlic. "I see the role as a long term project, it's important to put structures in place which will make sure the game all over in the Netherlands grow and become more vibrant."
"Jason [Bruygoms – NRLB Development officer] and Timo have done a great job putting the building blocks in place, now it's time for us to kick on to the next stage."
Netherlandse Rugby League Bond President, Timo Meinders added: "Not only is Kane the most experienced and highly qualified coach in the Netherlands but also a great person to work with. We are looking forward to applying his knowledge & experience to our national advance and hope it will filter down to the grass roots."
← Wakefield: Lyne signs Trinity contract extension
International: John Kear handed Wales job →

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Post from Rehovot / Israel
International Particle Physics
The physicist Elina Fuchs spent four years conducting research at the Weizmann Institute in Israel after receiving a scholarship from the Minerva Stiftung, a subsidiary from the Max Planck Society. She reports on generous hospitality, unusual public holidays and colleagues who were happy to help.
The Koffer Tower is not just the symbol of the Weizmann campus, but also contains particle accelerators, an observatory and a seminar room with a breathtaking view.
© Eddie Gerald / Alamy Stock Photo
On the first day, we were given a taste of the incredible hospitality in Israel. A colleague collected us at the airport and gave us a short guided tour of the campus site. When we entered our apartment that evening in October 2015, we saw that someone had filled the refrigerator with food. It turned out that the secretary had bought food for us, so that we would have enough to eat the next day, when the shops were due to close early before the start of the Shabbat. My husband and I were immediately made to feel welcome.
We are both physicists and had both been given a job at the Weizmann Institute in Rehovot. For researchers, Israel is a paradise for a number of different reasons. The laboratories and the infrastructure are phenomenal, and there are plenty of opportunities for networking as well. Since we weren't far away, we met with particle physicists from Tel Aviv, Haifa, Jerusalem and Be'er Sheva nearly every week, and discussed new research. Also, guest scientists were very often invited to the Institute, and it was great to be able to discuss ideas with them and make contacts.
In my research, I focus on which particles might exist beyond the Standard Model, and how existing models can be tested and excluded. I am particularly interested in how the properties of the Higgs boson change in new models. Discovered in 2012, it is an elementary particle which helps give other particles their mass. I'm also interested in any new particles we could be searching for. As it happened, a new model was presented just before I arrived, and my colleagues and I were able to use it to produce some very interesting results. I also got to be involved in the development of a new method at the interface between particle and atomic physics.
Elina Fuchs
© private
Israel is also a good place for pregnant women and young parents. Children are given a very high priority in a nation with the highest birthrate of all industrial countries (3.1). Since nearly all Israelis serve in the army before they study, with the women serving for two years, and the men for three, it's no exception for doctoral students to have a child. In fact, it's generally the rule. During my pregnancy and after the birth of our daughter, we benefited from flexible working hours, working from home and the Institute kindergarten. We were also offered help by individual colleagues.One Weizmann employee, whom we always came across on the train in the morning, gave us huge quantities of baby clothes. And when our daughter was born, two colleagues brought home-made food to our door. Of course, the greatest experience was the birth of our daughter.
We were also very moved by the various festivities and family dinners to which we were invited. One colleague invited us to celebrate Pesach (Passover) with him and his family twice. This is the equivalent of a professor inviting a postdoc from another country to spend Christmas Eve at home with their family.
Overall, I found the Jewish holidays very interesting. The biggest "culture shock" was Passover. This commemorates the departure from Egypt, which is why most Jews do not eat leavened food, such as bread. A religious neighbor asked us to buy his entire stock of cornflakes, toast and spaghetti for a token amount, since he was not allowed to own leavened food. After Passover, he bought everything back, insisting that he pay more than we had paid him. In the four years I spent in Israel, I had a few surprises when it came to the way people behaved. If you see someone approaching you on the sidewalk, it's better to get out of the way, otherwise they might simply barge into you. In Israel, it appears to be socially acceptable to talk loudly on the phone in buses and trains, or to watch films without headphones.
Overall, I really enjoyed the scientific and cultural and human experiences during my stay, and can thoroughly recommend a visit to Israel, whether as a tourist or a researcher. You'll discover delicious dishes, see breathtaking landscapes and be astonished by places of historical interest. You'll be smothered in hospitality – and on Yom Kippur, the most important national holiday, when the country comes to a standstill, you can cycle along the freeway.
For information on the Minerva Stiftung, see: minerva.mpg.de/
Elina Fuchs (32)
studied physics in Goettingen and Helsinki. For her Masters thesis, she switched to DESY in Hamburg, where she also gained her doctorate from 2012 to 2015. Since then, she has conducted research into theoretical particle physics beyond the Standard Model, and worked for four years as a postdoc at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel, with the support of the Institute and the Minerva Stiftung of the Max Planck Society. She is currently researching at the Fermilab and the University of Chicago as a Feodor-Lynen fellow.
Other Interesting Articles
Infrared flashes for astronomy and medicine
The Max Planck–Radboud University Center will expand possible applications of infrared free-electron lasers in the coming years
Good neural connections
Brain International
The Max Planck – University of Toronto Centre for Neural Science and Technology is now up and running
Dioscuri: Fourth call for Dioscuri Centres now open
Up to three centres of scientific excellence in Poland will be funded
"Astronomy became big here"
Astronomy International
Both partners, Germany and South Africa, benefit from the MeerKAT collaboration
Prestigious early-career awards
Awards International
13 Max Planck researchers succeeded in securing Starting Grants from the European Research Council
Max Planck ETH Center for Learning Systems extended by five years
Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems and ETH Zurich strengthen cooperation
International law in the times of the coronavirus
Corona International Jurisprudence
Legal experts at the MPI for Comparative Public Law and International Law examine the respone of WHO in curbing the coronavirus pandemic
Third call for Dioscuri Centres
The third call for the establishment of up to three centres of scientific excellence in Poland is now open
"Next generation" Max Planck Center opened
Climate International Research Policy
Researchers from Germany and Sweden are studying the impact of human-generated environmental changes on insects
Clouds from every angle
Climate Earth Sciences International
The EUREC4A field study is aimed at solving one of the great mysteries in relation to climate change
The alchemy of neutron stars
Astronomy Astrophysics Gravitational Waves Particle Physics
Astronomers find out that the collision of these cosmic objects actually produces heavy elements
Starting signal for Dioscuri in Poland
Ceremonial opening of the first two Dioscuri Centres in Warsaw


Somos especializados Cachoeira De Moda Iphone6s Shell fabricantes e fornecedores / fábrica da China. Cachoeira De Moda Iphone6s Shell atacado com alta qualidade como preço baixo / barato, uma das Cachoeira De Moda Iphone6s Shell marcas líderes da China, Shenzhen Volkin Technology Co., Ltd..
Wholesale Cachoeira De Moda Iphone6s Shell from China, Need to find cheap Cachoeira De Moda Iphone6s Shell as low price but leading manufacturers. Just find high-quality brands on Cachoeira De Moda Iphone6s Shell produce factory, You can also feedback about what you want, start saving and explore our Cachoeira De Moda Iphone6s Shell, We'll reply you in fastest.


2020 Acura ILX Type S Review and Release Date – The new Acura ILX 2020 is Honda's compact extravagance sedan. The Acura ILX Type S model is the brand new model since the last CSX demonstrate. However, the CSX demonstrate is never again generated because of some factors. It is normal that this car will be on the market in February like the 2019 model. This new Acura ILX Type S is another version and differs from the previous type.
2020 Acura ILX Type S Review and Release Date, It can be very attainable for Acura to launching the 2020 Acura ILX Type S that will go employing the robust competitors even however within the luxury sedan section. It'll probably be developed together with the enormous effectiveness. The prior model was released with great redesign so we think that the company will only present cosmetic changes for this newest edition. The S kind may have sporty design as well as the all round overall performance genuinely should be superior than ahead of.
The latest Acura ILX Type S 2020 is Honda's small deluxe sedan. The Acura ILX Type S product is the newest design ever since the previous CSX version. However, the CSX model is no longer produced as a result of some elements. Nevertheless, in 2014, Honda introduced its vehicle yet again in 2014 Los Angeles Auto Show, that is these kinds of Acura ILX Type S. This new Acura ILX Type S can be a new edition and differs from the prior type.
2020 Acura ILX Type S Review and Release Date, will surely use a luxurious and profoundly processed within formed with numerous advanced changes. 2019 Acura ILX Specs And Configuration. Hotel area will unquestionably obtain an enjoyable nevertheless fashionable overview that will certainly make it extra provocative than almost every other period in the latest recollection.
In spite of the point that Acura has not developed the information regarding the gear display, it could get, yet we now this brand dependably communicates the very best from what Honda allows the dinner table. The creativity collection will even combine many unrealized and dynamic safety and security illustrates like course leaving caution, blind side discovery framework, training course retaining assist, citing the source.
2020 Acura ILX Type S Review and Release Date, Because we cheaper finish off revamps 2020 Acura ILX Type S will probably encounter minor corrective upgrades. In any case, famous "Pearl Eye" Brought headlights that happen to be the key selection on Acura ILX Type S should get progressed.
And we claim that because of the fact with regards to IIHS is involved, the permeability of headlights of 2020 Acura ILX Type S White shaded Premium Review is "M" (marginal). Which is one thing Acura Review isn't glad for? However, with that aerodynamic body, they are undeniably happy.
2020 Acura ILX Type S Review and Release Date, will use four-cylinder turbo and also 2.0 liter engine to provide the quantity of yield for as much as 300 horsepower. This engine is going to become paired to six-speed manual and also eight-speed auto transmitting. Moreover, this newest edition will get different engine selections.
The hybrid propulsion method may well be mixed with four-cylinder engine and electrical motor to provide higher efficiency by means of higher capacity battery. 2019 Acura ILX Interior And Exterior Changes. It really is new suspension with steering approach to offer great driving capability. The security systems are both standard and optional.
2020 Acura ILX Type S Review and Release Date, The official information about the release date along with the price of the vehicle has not yet nevertheless been declared by Honda. To calculate that the cost of this particular car is indeed terrible, for the reason that information and facts for the changes can also be not complete. Nevertheless, the release date 2020 Acura ILX Type S is predicted to get past due 2019 or earlier 2020 as this car would be the 2019 product.
Related Posts of "2020 Acura ILX Type S Review and Release Date"


text:
Banana Republic Adds Rental Subscription Service
Banana Republic is launching Style Passport, an online subscription service that provides unlimited access to its women's apparel collection. The brand will roll out the service at the end of September to customers in the United States, with the goal of adding men's apparel at a later date, a segment that has been largely ignored in apparel rental.
A robust omni-experience is critical as today's consumer shops in a variety of ways including apparel subscription services, which have become increasing popular over the past few years. Rental subscription is an innovative platform that increases access to a brand and helps attract new customers.
"We're constantly evolving with our customer, meeting her where she is shopping," said Mark Breitbard, CEO and president of Banana Republic. "Style Passport will drive incremental revenue, and help us connect with younger shoppers who appreciate great style and want an affordable, sustainable way to try new fashion. With this new service, we'll gather valuable insights from a highly interactive customer base that can be used to design future product and experiences."
Banana Republic is committed to integrating sustainability throughout the business from sustainable fibers to environment-friendly practices. Style Passport provides an easy way for customers to own fewer items while improving their wardrobe with fashion for every occasion. The new service allows customers to rent the Republic for one flat monthly fee, with the option to keep and purchase any favorite item. Style Passport is $85 per month for a three-garment plan that includes free priority shipping, unlimited exchanges and returns, and complimentary laundering services.
As part of the brand's work to enhance the customer experience online and in stores, Banana Republic partnered with rental technology platform CaaStle to develop Style Passport and will utilize its white glove service to handle logistics while delivering a seamless experience. Banana Republic will also offer Buy Online, Pick Up in Store beginning in the fall of 2019.


Working on stuff that matters.
is there a firmata library in the works?
I might be wrong of course, but I was expecting the ff function to convert my values. The docs on Espruino ADXL345 mention that the values are mg. It's also kind of working, it just happends the free fall event is only triggered once the device moves again.
Hi @Gordon, I've not set "automatic sampling" - to be honest I've got no idea. Can you point me to some sample code somewhere?
IF I let it be, pick it up after some seconds, nothing is triggered.
To me it looks like the interrupts are only activated once new accelerometer data is received. Would that make somehow sense? Below is the latest code for reference.
accel.interrupts(4,0) would enable free fall on INT1. Will try at home tonight.
Please post what you're working on!
Thx for the thoughts, you're right that probably the accelerometer is the best choice of course. ADXL345 has free fall detection, I am currently investigating this. The problem is that the puck is such a nice package, even a lanyard can be attached. Now the extra cables for the accelerometer will require new 3d printing for another case, etc.
Looks like the ADXL345 is nice and it has FF free fall detection. I am a bit troubled with activating it, but I am sure it will work in the end. thx a lot!


text:
Aiki Mori (cello) with Asa Mori (piano)
Added by AJSW on February 13, 2013.
Saved under Japanese, Performance
Tags: Culture
J.S. Bach – solo suites for cello No. 4 BWV 1010
I) Prelude
II) Allemande
III) courante
IV) Sarabande
V) Bourree
VI) Gigue
Cesar Franck – Sonata for Cello and Piano in A major
I) Allegretto ben moderato
II) Allegro
III) Recitativo Fantasia ben Moderato
IV) Allegretto poco mosso
Artist info:
Aiki Mori Born in Japan in 1988. Aiki Mori started to play piano at the age of 6. At the age of 8, she decided to play cello, and had her first cello lesson with Hakuro Mohri. A few years later, she won the first prize in the "classic music, Japan competition". and the grand prix as the youngest cellist in the competitions history. And also in a young stars of tomorrow competition won the prize as the youngest cellist. At the age of 15 had already been accepted to Frans Helmerson class in Hochschule fur Musik, Cologne.. There she also studied chamber music with Anthony Spiri, Harald Schoneweg, Rainer Moog, Richard Gwilt, and Pavel Gililov. She also studied with Alexander Rudin, Wolfgang Boettcher, Young-Chang Cho in master classes.
Aiki enjoys playing chamber music, and she was invited to play as a member of the NHK symphony orchestra in Japan, and also invited to a retirement concert from York Hoeller in Germany. In 2009, Aiki graduated from the Musikhochschule Cologne She continues her studies with Karine Georgian and Roland Pidoux.
As a soloist, Aiki has performed with orchestras, such as the Chernigov Philharmonic Orchestra (Ukraine), Kaluga Chamber Orchestra (Russia), and played in an ensemble for Anglo-Japanese Society of Wessex (England) at St George's Internatiioal Concert Venue for their 15th Anniversary Concert in 2011..
Asa Mori Born in Nagoya, Japan in 1981 Asa Mori began playing the piano at the age of 6. By the end of the following year she had already won two prizes in national competitions. The 1st prize was at "The Konan Music Competition" and the highest prize at The Japan Piano Teachers Associetion Audition, where she was the youngest prize winner. Two months later she accepted an invitation from Vienna to study with Claus-Christian Schuster.
She has won numerous prizes in national and international competitions, including "The Classical Music Competition Japan", "The Nagoya International Music Competition" and "Prix d'Amadeo Jeunesse". As a soloist, she made her debut with the Cracow Chamber Philharmonic Orchestra.
In 2002, she moved to Germany to study with Prof. Pavel Gililov at the "Hochschule für Musik und Tanz Köln", where she graduated in 2008 with first class honours. She has attended master classes and chamber music lessons with such distinguished musicians as Ferenc Rados, Frans Helmerson, Ralf Manno, Karine Georgian, Anthony Spiri, and Harald Schoneweg. In 2011 she finished the "Konzertexamen". Since then, she has been teaching at Franz Liszt Academy in Cologne, Germany.
Asa Mori performs regularly as a soloist and a chamber musician. Since moving to Germany she has regularly appeared with the "Eurasia Culture Society"; "Villa Musica", established by the government of Rhineland-Pfalz; and the "Yehudi Menuhin Live Music Now Cologne", playing with such luminaries as Christian Altenburger, Patrick Demenga, and Klaus Thunemann. She has performed with the solo string players of the NHK Symphony Orchestra as well. Moreover, she has collaborated with Tokuhide Niimi, a well-known Japanese composer.
She played as a guest in such festivals as the "Ogaki Music Festival in Japan", the "Amadeo Festival" in Holland, and the "Klavier Festival Ruhr" in Germany. Some of her performances have been recorded by SWR and WDR.
Date: Wed Feb 13th 2013, 1:10–2:00 pm
Venue: St. Sepulchre, the Musicians Church, Holborn Viaduct, London EC1A 2DG
Organiser: The Anglo-Japanese Society of Wessex
About AJSW
Since 1996, the Anglo-Japanese Society of Wessex (formerly the South-West Anglo-Japanese Society) has been promoting Japanese culture and Japanese artists in events throughout the Wessex region (which extends from the south west of England as far as Southwark in London).
View all Posts	Visit Website


This is what we call an intuitive vision board.
Normally, when you create a vision board, you curate photos and images of situations, experiences, and things you are believing you will have. It involves choosing these images based on what you see and appreciate. The objective of this board is to manifest what you desire, much like a bucket list is meant to list down what you would like to "tick off" in life.


text:
Research & Reviews: Journal of Ayush
Journal of Analytical & Bioanalytical Techniques
Advances in Automobile Engineering
Business and Economics Journal
Transcriptomics: Open Access
Research & Reviews: Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry
Organic Chemistry: Current Research
Journal of Bacteriology & Parasitology
Spinal subdural hematoma Top Open Access JournalsPancreatic Cancer Hydrology-online-journalsClinical Pathology Open Access JournalsHIV-AIDSBlood top open access journalsToxicology Scholarly journal biodiversity-Top JournalsDentistryAircraft NavigationEducationHigh Impact Factor Food Engineering Journalsaquatic-organism scholarly journal Mandible Bone caries Impact factorDiabetes journals information
Open Access Articles- Top Results for Max R%C3%A9e
Max Rée
(1889-10-07)7 October 1889
7 March 1953(1953-03-07) (aged 63)
Max Rée (7 October 1889 – 7 March 1953) was a Danish costume designer and art director. He won an Academy Award for Best Art Direction for the film Cimarron.[1]
He was born in Copenhagen, Denmark and died in Los Angeles, California.
Selected filmography
Cimarron (1931)
^ "NY Times: Cimarron". NY Times. Retrieved 2008-12-07.
Max Rée at the Internet Movie Database
Max Rée at AllMovie
Academy Award for Best Production Design
1927/1928: William Cameron Menzies
1929/1929: Cedric Gibbons
1929/1930: Herman Rosse
1930/1931: Max Rée
1931/1932: Gordon Wiles
1932/1933: William S. Darling
1934: Cedric Gibbons, Fredric Hope
1935: Richard Day
1937: Stephen Goosson
1938: Carl Jules Weyl
1939: Lyle R. Wheeler
/ Color separate
1940 (bw): Cedric Gibbons, Paul Groesse / (c): Vincent Korda
1941 (bw): Richard Day, Nathan H. Juran, Thomas Little / (c): Cedric Gibbons, Urie McCleary, Edwin B. Willis
1942 (bw): Richard Day, Joseph C. Wright, Thomas Little / (c): Richard Day, Joseph C. Wright, Thomas Little
1943 (bw): James Basevi, William S. Darling, Thomas Little / (c): Alexander Golitzen, John B. Goodman, Russell A. Gausman, Ira S. Webb
1944 (bw): Cedric Gibbons, William Ferrari, Paul Huldschinsky, Edwin B. Willis / (c): Wiard Ihnen, Thomas Little
1945 (bw): Wiard Ihnen, A. Roland Fields / (c): Hans Dreier, Ernst Fegté, Samuel M. Comer
1946 (bw): William S. Darling, Lyle R. Wheeler, Thomas Little, Frank E. Hughes / (c): Cedric Gibbons, Paul Groesse, Edwin B. Willis
1947–1956 renamed
- Set Decoration
1947 (bw): John Bryan, Wilfred Shingleton / (c): Alfred Junge
1948 (bw): Roger K. Furse, Carmen Dillon / (c): Hein Heckroth, Arthur Lawson
1949 (bw): Harry Horner, John Meehan, Emile Kuri / (c): Cedric Gibbons, Paul Groesse, Edwin B. Willis, Jack D. Moore
1950 (bw): Hans Dreier, John Meehan, Samuel M. Comer, Ray Moyer / (c): Hans Dreier, Walter Tyler, Samuel M. Comer, Ray Moyer
1951 (bw): Richard Day, George James Hopkins / (c): Cedric Gibbons, E. Preston Ames, Edwin B. Willis, F. Keogh Gleason
1952 (bw): Cedric Gibbons, Edward Carfagno, Edwin B. Willis, F. Keogh Gleason /(c): Paul Sheriff, Marcel Vertès
1953 (bw): Cedric Gibbons, Edward Carfagno, Edwin B. Willis, Hugh Hunt / (c): Lyle R. Wheeler, George Davis, Walter M. Scott, Paul S. Fox
1954 (bw): Richard Day / (c): John Meehan, Emile Kuri
1955 (bw): Hal Pereira, Tambi Larsen, Samuel M. Comer, Arthur Krams / (c): William Flannery, Jo Mielziner, Robert Priestley
1956 (bw): Cedric Gibbons, Malcolm F. Brown, Edwin B. Willis, F. Keogh Gleason / (c): Lyle R. Wheeler, John DeCuir, Walter M. Scott, Paul S. Fox
1957: Ted Haworth, Robert Priestley
1958: William A. Horning, E. Preston Ames, Henry Grace, F. Keogh Gleason
1959 (bw): Lyle R. Wheeler, George Davis, Walter M. Scott, Stuart A. Reiss / (c): William A. Horning (posthumous award), Edward Carfagno, Hugh Hunt
1960 (bw): Alexandre Trauner, Edward G. Boyle /(c): Alexander Golitzen, Eric Orbom (posthumous award), Russell A. Gausman, Julia Heron
1961 (bw): Harry Horner, Gene Callahan / (c): Boris Leven, Victor A. Gangelin
1962 (bw): Alexander Golitzen, Henry Bumstead, Oliver Emert /(c): John Box, John Stoll, Dario Simoni
1963 (bw): Gene Callahan / (c): John DeCuir, Jack Martin Smith, Hilyard M. Brown, Herman A. Blumenthal, Elven Webb, Maurice Pelling, Boris Juraga, Walter M. Scott, Paul S. Fox, Ray Moyer
1964 (bw): Vassilis Photopoulos /(c): Gene Allen, Cecil Beaton, George Hopkins
1965 (bw): Robert Clatworthy, Joseph Kish /(c): John Box, Terence Marsh, Dario Simoni
1966 (bw): Richard Sylbert, George Hopkins / (c): Jack Martin Smith, Dale Hennesy, Walter M. Scott, Stuart A. Reiss
1967: John Truscott, Edward Carrere, John W. Brown
1968: John Box, Terence Marsh, Vernon Dixon, Ken Muggleston
1969: John DeCuir, Jack Martin Smith, Herman A. Blumenthal, Walter M. Scott, George Hopkins, Raphaël Bretton
1970: Urie McCleary, Gil Parrondo, Antonio Mateos, Pierre-Louis Thévenet
1971: John Box, Ernest Archer, Jack Maxsted, Gil Parrondo, Vernon Dixon
1972: Rolf Zehetbauer, Jurgen Kiebach, Herbert Strabel
1973: Henry Bumstead, James W. Payne
1974: Dean Tavoularis, Angelo P. Graham, George R. Nelson
1975: Ken Adam, Roy Walker, Vernon Dixon
1976: George C. Jenkins, George Gaines
1977: John Barry, Norman Reynolds, Leslie Dilley, Roger Christian
1978: Paul Sylbert, Edwin O'Donovan, George Gaines
1979: Philip Rosenberg, Tony Walton, Edward Stewart, Gary J. Brink
1980: Pierre Guffroy, Jack Stephens
1981: Norman Reynolds, Leslie Dilley; Michael D. Ford (set)
1982: Stuart Craig, Robert W. Laing; Michael Seirton (set)
1983: Anna Asp, Susanne Lingheim
1984: Patrizia von Brandenstein; Karel Černý (set)
1985: Stephen B. Grimes; Josie MacAvin (set)
1986: Gianni Quaranta, Brian Ackland-Snow; Brian Savegar, Elio Altramura (set)
1987: Ferdinando Scarfiotti; Bruno Cesari, Osvaldo Desideri (set)
1988: Stuart Craig; Gérard James (set)
1989: Anton Furst; Peter Young (set)
1990: Richard Sylbert (art); Rick Simpson (set)
1991: Dennis Gassner (art); Nancy Haigh (set)
1992: Luciana Arrighi (art); Ian Whittaker (set)
1993: Allan Starski (art); Ewa Braun (set)
1994: Ken Adam (art); Carolyn Scott (set)
1995: Eugenio Zanetti (art)
1996: Stuart Craig (art); Stephenie McMillan (set)
1997: Peter Lamont (art); Michael D. Ford (set)
1998: Martin Childs (art); Jill Quertier (set)
1999: Rick Heinrichs (art); Peter Young (set)
2000: Timmy Yip (art)
2001: Catherine Martin (art); Brigitte Broch (set)
2002: John Myhre (art); Gordon Sim (set)
2003: Grant Major (art); Dan Hennah and Alan Lee (set)
2004: Dante Ferretti (art); Francesca Lo Schiavo (set)
2005: John Myhre (art); Gretchen Rau (set; posthumous award)
2006: Eugenio Caballero (art); Pilar Revuelta (set)
2008: Donald Graham Burt (art) and Victor J. Zolfo (set)
2009: Rick Carter and Robert Stromberg (art), Kim Sinclair (set)
2010: Robert Stromberg (art) and Karen O'Hara (set)
2011: Dante Ferretti (art) and Francesca Lo Schiavo (set)
2012: Rick Carter (art) and Jim Erickson (set)
2013: Catherine Martin (art) and Beverley Dunn (set)
2014: Anna Pinnock (art) and Adam Stockhausen (set)
Name Rée, Max
Short description Art director
Date of birth 1889-10-7
Place of birth Copenhagen, Denmark
Date of death 1953-3-7
Place of death Los Angeles, California
This page is based on the copyrighted Wikipedia article Max Rée; it is used under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY-SA). You may redistribute it, verbatim or modified, providing that you comply with the terms of the CC-BY-SA


Automotive Testing Expo China 2013, organized by UKIP Media & Events Ltd and taken by Reliable International Exhibition Service Co. Ltd, is set to capitalise on the rapid growth in new car sales and the need for higher quality and safer vehicles by bringing together the world's leading test equipment manufacturers and test service providers in an intense three-day extravaganza! Automotive Testing Expo China 2013 will take place at Shanghai Everbright Convention & Exhibition Center (SECEC) during Sep.10-12, 2013.
Reliable International Exhibition Services Co. Ltd., first founded in 1979, is incorporated in Hong Kong and Beijing, and based in Beijing, the capital of China.
Over the past two decades, Reliable International Exhibition Services Co. Ltd has organized and co-organized more than 100 international fairs and exhibitions across China, covering education, Automobiles, tire, medical equipment, printing, packing, fishing, cosmetics, general merchandize, home appliances, food processing, building materials, glass, and other sectors. In addition, over 20 tours have been arranged to assist our clients in staging and/or attending exhibitions held abroad.
As a China-based company, we dedicate ourselves to the advancement of China's foreign trade and strengthening and enriching of various forms of economic, technological and cultural cooperation and exchanges between China and the rest of the world, giving an impetus to the country's internationalization drive.
UKIP Media & Events Ltd. founded in 1991 and has a continuous track record of innovation and product development. UKIP is regarded by many of its competitors in the publishing and exhibitions business around the world as one of the most successful companies to have emerged in the last 15 years. It now runs shows in specialist sectors in Europe, China, India and North America.
The company has launched more than 20 highly specialized exhibitions and some 25 leading international magazines, with total emphasis on transportation and kindred industries. In some cases advertisers and exhibitors spend 80 to 90% of their entire global marketing budget on UKIP magazines and exhibitions, entrusting their success entirely to the company's ability to deliver top-quality enquiries and visitors.


At Star White Kitchen Cabinets, we'll be here to meet all of your expectations regarding White Kitchen Cabinets in Altoona, AL. You're looking for the most sophisticated solutions in the market, and our crew of trained experts will supply exactly that. We apply top of the line materials and cash saving techniques to make sure you have the right service for the best rate. Give us a call by dialing 844-329-5869 and we'll be able to look at your plan of action, respond to your questions, and arrange an appointment to begin scheduling your task.
Star White Kitchen Cabinets focuses primarily on customer support to make certain that you're very happy with our work. We want you to approve of the job we do, and we will work tirelessly to meet all of your needs and objectives. We recognize your questions and concerns, and we are here to help. We predict any concerns, and we'll address them whenever you call us. You'll want to put together the ideal choices for your own work, and we understand how to assist you to do just that.
Here at Star White Kitchen Cabinets, we recognize that you will need to stay in budget and save money anywhere it is possible to. Yet, saving money should never mean you eliminate quality with White Kitchen Cabinets in Altoona, AL. We will be sure our cash saving efforts do not translate to a reduced level of quality. We utilize the best products and practices to make sure that your work can tolerate the years, and conserve your funds with solutions that don't impact the excellence for your job. We'll do that by offering you the top savings around and avoiding pricey mistakes. Connect with Star White Kitchen Cabinets if you want the right products and services at a minimal cost. You're able to reach our staff at 844-329-5869 to get started.
White Kitchen Cabinets are available in Altoona, AL.
You will need to be knowledgeable when it comes to White Kitchen Cabinets in Altoona, AL. You shouldn't enter into it without knowing it properly, and it is best to understand what you should expect. We will take the surprises from the scenario by giving reliable and detailed advice. You can start by talking over your project with our client service associates when you call 844-329-5869. We're going to address your questions and concerns and schedule your first appointment. We will work with you through the whole process, and our team can arrive on time and well prepared.
When you're preparing a process for White Kitchen Cabinets in Altoona, AL, there are several great reasons to prefer Star White Kitchen Cabinets. We offer the highest customer satisfaction scores, the best resources, and the most helpful and powerful cash saving solutions. We fully understand your expectations and intentions, and we're there to serve you using our experience. Call 844-329-5869 when you need White Kitchen Cabinets in Altoona, and we'll work together with you to properly complete your project.


text:
\section{Introduction and Summary of Results}

COVID-19 is shorthand for the novel corona virus disease with origins in Wuhan, China in the fall of 2019. It
spread in 2020 to become a global pandemic.
As of this writing (late April, 2020), there have been approximately 3 million identified cases worldwide,
and 200,000 deaths. Of those, the US totals are approximately 946,000 cases and 53,000 deaths\footnote{source:
	\url{https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/}}. Fig. \ref{fig:UScovidplots} shows the daily US development to date.

Worldwide, governments have urged or mandated shelter-in-place policies,
and mandated shutdowns of most `non-essential' business. In the US this approach has achieved
the immediate goal of buying time for hospitals to prepare for future COVID-19 patients and not be over-whelmed by current ones.

But, broad lock-downs are unsustainable for more than a few months. Indeed, many US states are preparing to carefully open up in
mid-May and beyond.  The lock-downs have resulted in enormous economic stress. In the US: 27 million lost jobs and counting at this juncture. These health and economic issues have been a key driver of
recent extreme volatility in financial markets. Fig. \ref{fig:spxplots} shows the S\&P500 index levels and returns during 2020.
For perspective, note that in normal times, a $\pm 3\%$ move would merit a mention and explanation on the nightly news.

Here, we study an interesting and important financial question: what new return expectations have accompanied all
this increased volatility? At first glance, expectations might seem impossible to discern. Indeed,
getting an answer is rather subtle and requires both the options market and estimates of risk aversion.

Risk averse investors hold equities only if they
feel they will be fairly compensated for the perceived risks. Fair compensation, in the aggregate,
 is called the ``equity risk premium" (ERP). More carefully, the ERP is the market's forward-looking, expected rate of return  -- after
 subtracting an available riskless rate (say a US Treasury rate). Because of the subtraction, it's called an excess return.
 Thus, the ERP can be thought of as the ``required (excess) rate of return", conditioned on what the market knows, to keep all stocks held. Another way to say it: what excess return is needed to clear the equity markets?

 Expectations both require a horizon and change with the passage of time: the market learns new things.
 Thus, each day $t$, we have $\mbox{ERP}_{t,T}$ where the $T$ are various time horizons. Our horizons range from one day ahead to just under 3 years. Fixing $t$, a graph of $\mbox{ERP}_{t,T}$ vs. $T$ is an ERP term structure plot.
 Unlike a familiar interest rate term structure (a yield curve), the ERP term structure is not directly visible
 and needs to be estimated. Like a yield curve, regardless of the time to the horizon, we always quote ERP's as
  \emph{annual percentage rates}.

We study the effect of the pandemic events on the ERP term structures in the United States, from late January through mid-April 2020. Estimates are found using the methods recently developed in \cite{lewis:2019}. We take the
S\&P500 Index as a broad equity market proxy. Then, in brief, daily S\&P 500 index option quotes are combined with estimates of a risk-aversion parameter $\kappa$ to develop the ERP term structures. We briefly review how that works in Sec. \ref{sec:ERPmodel} below.
Further computational details may be found in Appendix 2 here and the Lewis article.

\pbold{What have I learned?}
In Sec. \ref{sec:timelines}, one finds the detailed results. My approach is to present brief key-event timelines, show
corresponding ERP's, and supply some brief commentary. ERP plots
come with a central estimate (dotted) surrounded by an uncertainty interval in gray.

Unsurprisingly, there is a strong general association between volatility (VIX levels, for example, as seen in Fig. \ref{fig:vixplots}) and the ERP's. It is well-known that when the market gets very stressed by something, VIX
rises and the whole VIX term structure `inverts'. In other words, short-term (risk-neutral) volatility expectations rise above long-term ones.
Correspondingly, the ERP term structure also strongly inverts. During the pandemic, this ERP inversion first happened circa Feb 24, 2020; it remained inverted through the end of the study data on Apr 15, 2020.

Qualitatively, based upon my earlier experience with the model in \cite{lewis:2019},
I expected to see these strong inversions. But, I was surprised, quantitatively, by the extraordinary heights reached by the short-term ERP's during mid-March 2020. For example, the March 12 term structure (Fig. \ref{fig:ERPts031220}) shows
the short-dated (one day horizon) ERP reaching a mid-point estimate of approximately 540\% per year! For comparison, long-run
ERP estimates typically lie in the 3-6\% per year range. Indeed, 3-6\% characterized the pandemic-period US market
through mid-February. ERP levels as high as the March 12 ones may be record-setting. To say for sure
requires applying the current methodology to option quotes during the 2008-2009 Financial Crisis -- this has not yet been done.

Finally, some related analysis and updates will be provided in follow-up research to be posted online. See the Outlook at the end for how to locate that.

\section{Brief recap of the ERP model} \label{sec:ERPmodel}

In this section we give a brief, technical explanation of how the ERP's are computed. If you're not interested in these details, feel free to skip ahead to the results in Sec. \ref{sec:timelines}.

With $\EBB_t$ denoting a (real-world) expectation conditional on  date-$t$ information $I_t$ -- broadly speaking: the ``state of the world" -- we define:

\be   \mbox{ERP}_{t,T}  = \Et{R^e_{t,T}} - R^f_{t,T} = \Et{R^e_{t,T} - R^f_{t,T}}, \quad \mbox{where at time $t$}: \label{eq:ERPdef}  \eb
\begin{itemize}
	\item  $R^e_{t,T}$ is a future random \emph{total} return on the equity market from $t$ to $T$, and
	\item  $R^f_{t,T}$ is a time-$t$ observable risk-free return (using US Treasury instruments).
\end{itemize}
Returns in (\ref{eq:ERPdef}) are simple total returns: $R^e_{t,T} = (\bar{S}_T - \bar{S}_t)/\bar{S}_t$, where $\bar{S}$ is a total-return index incorporating reinvested dividends. (Without a bar, $S_t$ is the price series without dividends). Call $R^e_{t,T} - R^f_{t,T}$ the \emph{excess total return}.
Like interest rates, we'll always give estimated ERP's on an \emph{annualized percentage basis}. For those, we multiply the ERP calculated from (\ref{eq:ERPdef}) by $100 \times f_{ann}$, where the annualization factor $f_{ann} = 1/(T-t)$, with time measured in years.

With logarithmic variables $\bar{X}_T  = \log  \bar{S}_T/\bar{S}_t$, and corresponding probability density
$p_{\bar{X}_T}(x)$, (\ref{eq:ERPdef}) is equivalent to

 \be   \mbox{ERP}_{t,T} = \int \e^x p_{\bar{X}_T}(x) \, dx - (1 +  R^f_{t,T}).   \label{eq:ERPdef2}   \eb
 How do we find $p_{\bar{X}_T}(x)$? It turns out that, from the options market (specifically, options on the SPX index),
 we can estimate a closely related probability density $q_{\bar{X}_T}(x)$, the so-called ``risk-neutral" density.
 A simple transformation between them exists under the additional assumption that investors in the aggregate can be
 characterized as having a constant measure of risk-aversion, which we write as $\kappa$. Pronounced ``kappa", it's
 a single number, which I have estimated from historical SPX returns as $\kappa = 3 \pm 0.5$. More carefully, it's
 called the Coefficient of Relative Risk Aversion and has been heavily studied.\footnote{My estimates are in line with one of the
 most classical of these studies \cite{friend:1975}. See \cite{lewis:2019} for further commentary.} Indeed, to get from
$q$ to $p$, one just applies a simple exponential transformation

\be    p_{\bar{X}_T}(x) = \frac{\e^{\kappa x} \, q_{\bar{X}_T}(x)}{\int \e^{\kappa x} q_{\bar{X}_T}(x)  \, dx}.  \label{eq:measurechange} \eb
 OK -- so how do we find $q_{\bar{X}_T}(x)$? My approach estimates $q$ by parameterizing
 it as a \emph{Gaussian mixture model}. Specifically, I take
  \be  q_{X_T}(x) = \sum_{i=1}^N w_i \,
 \frac{\e^{-(x - \mu_i \tau)^2/(2 \sigma_i^2 \tau)}}{\sqrt{2 \pi \sigma_i^2 \tau}}, \label{eq:GMM}
 \eb
 where $\tau = T-t$, and $N$ is  a small integer (5 in my fits). The fitted parameters
 are $N$ positive weights, $\{w_i\}$, and  $2N$ drifts and volatilities, $\{\mu_i,\sigma_i\}$.
 After a normalization and martingale condition, this leaves $3 N - 2$ free parameters at
 \emph{each} $(t,T)$ pair associated to a trade date and an option expiration. Free parameters are adjusted to fit option quotes:
  minimizing an objective function given in \cite{lewis:2019}. Finally, after algebra, now find -- on an annualized percent basis:

 \begin{empheq}[box=\fbox]{align}
 \mbox{ERP}_{t,T}^{(ann\%)}(\kappa) &= \frac{100}{T-t} \times
 \left\{  \left( \e^{\delta_{t,T} \tau} \sum_{i=1}^N \tilde{w}_i \, \e^{\alpha_i + (\kappa + \frac{1}{2}) v_i} \right) -
 \e^{r_{t,T} \tau} \right\},
 \label{eq:ERPfinal}  \\
 & \mbox{using} \,\, \tau = T-t, \quad \alpha_i = \mu_i \tau, \,\, v_i = \sigma_i^2 \tau,  \nonumber \\
 & \quad \,\, \gamma_i = \kappa \, \alpha_i  + \Smallfrac{1}{2} \kappa^2 v_i, \,\, \mbox{and}
 \,\, \tilde{w}_i = w_i \e^{\gamma_i}/\sum_{i=1}^N w_i \e^{\gamma_i}. \nonumber
 \end{empheq}
 New parameters which have just appeared are $r_{t,T}$ and $\delta_{t,T}$: the cost-of-carry parameters. They correspond to the continuously
 compounded riskless rate and dividend yield associated to option expiration $T$. For example, if $C_{t,T}$ and $P_{t,T}$
 denote call and put prices with strike $K$, we have the model-independent, put-call parity relation:

 \be C_{t,T} - P_{t,T} = S_t \, \e^{-\delta_{t,T} \tau} - K \, \e^{-r_{t,T} \tau}
 = \e^{-r_{t,T} \tau} (F_{t,T} - K),   \label{eq:putcallparity} \eb
 where $F_{t,T}$ is an (option-implied) forward price.

 Once all the parameters are estimated, we evaluate (\ref{eq:ERPfinal}) with $\kappa = 3$
 to get the mid-point estimates (dotted lines) for all the ERP charts in Sec. \ref{sec:timelines}. Similarly, we
 use $\kappa = 2.5$ and $\kappa = 3.5$ to estimate the lower and upper bounds to the uncertainty intervals (gray).

 Appendix 2 discusses the computational details that either \emph{differ} from the discussion in \cite{lewis:2019} or
 would be unresolved if you simply turned to that reference.

\newpage

\section{Timelines with Equity Risk Premium Term Structures} \label{sec:timelines}

\subsection{Early days} Fig. \ref{fig:TimeLine1} shows some early events in the development of the
pandemic.\footnote{Timeline events are drawn from the World Economic Forum (\url{https://www.weforum.org}),
	the Wall Street Journal of Mar 21-22 2020, Zack's Equity Research (Stock market
	news), and misc. online news sources.}

\begin{figure}[h]
	\caption{{\bf{Timeline 1}}}
	\vspace{10pt}
	\begin{center}
		\includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{TimeLine1}
	\end{center}
	\label{fig:TimeLine1}
\end{figure}

\Pbreak
Wuhan, China was placed under quarantine on Jan 23, 2020, with rail and services suspended.
Two days earlier, on Jan 21, the first US case was identified in Washington state  -- a man in his 30's who
had returned from a trip to Wuhan. Fig \ref{fig:ERPts012220} shows the estimated ERP term structure. It's
within typical long-run ERP estimates of 3-6\% per year: the US equity market was not concerned.

\begin{figure}[h]
	\caption{{\bf{US ERP term structure}}}
	\vspace{10pt}
	\begin{center}
		\includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{ERPts012220}
	\end{center}
	\label{fig:ERPts012220}
\end{figure}

\newpage

\subsection{First death in Europe} Fig. \ref{fig:TimeLine2} shows some next events in the development of the pandemic.

\begin{figure}[h]
	\caption{{\bf{Timeline 2}}}
	\vspace{10pt}
	\begin{center}
		\includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{TimeLine2}
	\end{center}
	\label{fig:TimeLine2}
\end{figure}

\Pbreak
Feb 14, 2020 marks the end of this segment with the announcement of the first European COVID-19 death, in France. Fig \ref{fig:ERPts021420} shows the estimated ERP term structure. I think it's fair to say the US equity market remained
in ``business as usual" mode.

\begin{figure}[h]
	\caption{{\bf{US ERP term structure}}}
	\vspace{10pt}
	\begin{center}
		\includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{ERPts021420}
	\end{center}
	\label{fig:ERPts021420}
\end{figure}

\newpage

\subsection{Italy starts lockdowns} Fig. \ref{fig:TimeLine3} shows some next events in the development of the pandemic.

\begin{figure}[h]
	\caption{{\bf{Timeline 3}}}
	\vspace{10pt}
	\begin{center}
		\includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{TimeLine3}
	\end{center}
	\label{fig:TimeLine3}
\end{figure}

\Pbreak
Feb 23, 2020 marks the end of this segment with start of lock-downs in Italy. As seen in Fig. \ref{fig:ERPts022420},
the ERP chart for the next day, the market is now definitely paying attention.
The S\&P500 has fallen 4.7\% from its record peak of 3386.15 on Feb 19, and the CBOE's VIX index has risen to 25.03. Fig \ref{fig:ERPts022420} shows the estimated ERP term structure. It's become strongly inverted with the short-term ERP (the ``required return") rising to about 40\%. Note the long end of
the curve, representing the Dec 21, 2022 maturity -- about 2.8 years away. It's around 8\%, slightly higher but not too far from the longer-term value in the previous plots.

\begin{figure}[h]
	\caption{{\bf{US ERP term structure}}}
	\vspace{10pt}
	\begin{center}
		\includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{ERPts022420}
	\end{center}
	\label{fig:ERPts022420}
\end{figure}

\newpage

\subsection{Early March -- the Fed acts} Fig. \ref{fig:TimeLine4} shows some events from late February and early March.

\begin{figure}[h]
	\caption{{\bf{Timeline 4}}}
	\vspace{10pt}
	\begin{center}
		\includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{TimeLine4}
	\end{center}
	\label{fig:TimeLine4}
\end{figure}

\Pbreak
Early March begins a Federal Reserve monetary policy response. On Mar 2, 2020 the market rallies by almost 5\% -- likely anticipating  an interest rate cut. The VIX index (which closed at 40.1 on Feb 28), correspondingly eased to 33.4 on Mar 2. Indeed, the Fed announces a rate cut on Mar 3, the first unscheduled, emergency rate cut since the 2008-2009 Financial Crisis.
However, the market fell and the VIX climbed back to 36.8.

In general, VIX's above 40 are a sign of a very high level of systematic market stress (see Fig. \ref{fig:vixplots}). The associated ERP term structure (Fig. \ref{fig:ERPts030320}) significantly steepens from our last plot, showing an estimated short-term required return of 100-130 percent per annum.

\begin{figure}[h]
	\caption{{\bf{US ERP term structure}}}
	\vspace{10pt}
	\begin{center}
		\includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{ERPts030320}
	\end{center}
	\label{fig:ERPts030320}
\end{figure}

\newpage

\subsection{Mid March I -- time to panic} Fig. \ref{fig:TimeLine5} shows some events from mid-March.

\begin{figure}[h]
	\caption{{\bf{Timeline 5}}}
	\vspace{10pt}
	\begin{center}
		\includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{TimeLine5}
	\end{center}
	\label{fig:TimeLine5}
\end{figure}

\Pbreak
The week of Mar 9-13 is very ugly on many fronts. COVID-19 cases are rising exponentially in Europe and the US. In the
absence of mitigation, there are predictions of millions of deaths to occur in the US before so-called `herd immunity' is achieved. A vaccine is predicted to be at least 18 months away, and not certain even then.

On Thurs Mar 12, 2020, the VIX index closes at 75.5\% and the short-term (1-day) annualized
ERP reaches 500-600\% (see Fig. \ref{fig:ERPts030320}). Although hard to discern in the chart,
the ERP over the longest term ($2 \Smallfrac{3}{4}$ years) has risen to approximately 17\% annualized. Credit markets are highly stressed.

\begin{figure}[h]
	\caption{{\bf{US ERP term structure}}}
	\vspace{10pt}
	\begin{center}
		\includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{ERPts031220}
	\end{center}
	\label{fig:ERPts031220}
\end{figure}

\newpage

\subsection{Mid March II -- lockdowns, the IHME becomes influential} Fig. \ref{fig:TimeLine6} shows some events from mid-March.

\begin{figure}[h]
	\caption{{\bf{Timeline 6}}}
	\vspace{10pt}
	\begin{center}
		\includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{TimeLine6}
	\end{center}
	\label{fig:TimeLine6}
\end{figure}

\Pbreak
By the end of Mar 16-20 week, stresses begin to ease somewhat: see  Fig. \ref{fig:ERPts032020}.
The short-term ERP estimate ended the week at 200-250\%, the lowest of the week. VIX ended at 66.

What prompted the ease? Prospective stimulus likely helped. Also, the U. Washington's Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) was gaining influence.\footnote{See \url{https://covid19.healthdata.org/united-states-of-america}} Their earliest predictions (Mar 25), based upon curve fitting to the Wuhan experience, suggested cumulative US deaths to total 38,000-162,000 through Aug 2020 -- premised on lock-downs. These estimates were significantly lower than the
previous `millions' of others (without mitigation), and not terribly disproportionate to the annual mortality
from the flu. Indeed, as time passed, the IHME US death estimates were tightened and lowered:
48,000-123,000 at this writing (late April 2020), with 54,000 actual deaths to date.

\begin{figure}[h]
	\caption{{\bf{US ERP term structure}}}
	\vspace{10pt}
	\begin{center}
		\includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{ERPts032020}
	\end{center}
	\label{fig:ERPts032020}
\end{figure}

\newpage

\subsection{Late March to mid-April -- signs of optimism} Fig. \ref{fig:TimeLine7} shows some events through April 15, 2020.

\begin{figure}[h]
	\caption{{\bf{Timeline 7}}}
	\vspace{10pt}
	\begin{center}
		\includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{TimeLine7}
	\end{center}
	\label{fig:TimeLine7}
\end{figure}

\Pbreak
April 15, 2020 marks the end of our ERP study. The last timeline events reflect increased optimism that
(at least the initial phase of) the pandemic has plateaued or peaked in many areas of the world.  VIX ended at 40.8, and the
short-term ERP has fallen to the 50-60\% range. The long end of the ERP curve remains quite elevated
at 16.7\%.

\begin{figure}[h]
	\caption{{\bf{US ERP term structure}}}
	\vspace{10pt}
	\begin{center}
		\includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{ERPts041520}
	\end{center}
	\label{fig:ERPts041520}
\end{figure}

\newpage

\section{Outlook and Future Work}
  The outlook for the course of the pandemic and the economy at this writing is encouraging. For example, in New York state, the
  hardest hit US state, hospitalizations are down significantly from a month ago. Encouraged by that, Governor Andrew Cuomo, says he will extend the 'PAUSE' regulations in many parts of the state, but some less-affected regions can reopen on May 15.
  I hope to see the same in my state, California. It's clear
  that reopening will be done carefully everywhere, with social distancing and protective measures an ongoing recommended
  part of life for many months to come.

  There are many to-be-answered questions: what exactly is the mortality rate, how many have been infected, are infected
  but asymptomatic or recovered people now immune, etc? Several recent studies suggest that the mortality rate is much lower
  than many original estimates.

  In terms of my financial analysis here, there are also some unanswered questions. For example, what exactly is the
  risk-return trade-off here? This can be answered by computing the (annualized) variance rate
  $\sigma^2_{t,T}$ associated to the inferred real-world $p$-distributions, and plotting $\mbox{ERP}_{t,T}$ vs.  $\sigma^2_{t,T}$.
   Another project on my ``to-do" list is to organize the ERP's for \emph{standardized} maturities, say
  3 days, 1 week, 1 month, and so on. Finally, I would like to continue to update the results as time progresses. As I work through these projects, I'll update this preprint.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Home About us Editorial board Current issue Ahead of print Archives Submit article Instructions Subscribe Login Contact Search
Comparative gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of essential oils extracted using 4 methods from the leaves of Eucalyptus globulus L.
Yasmeen Khan, Hafizur R Ansari, Rinki, Rishika Chauhan, Ennus T Tamboli, Sayeed Ahmad
Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
Date of Web Publication 27-Sep-2016
Sayeed Ahmad
Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard University, New Delhi - 110 062
Background: Eucalyptus globulus L. (family, Myrtaceae) is one of the world's most widely planted genera. E. globulus L., commonly referred to as Tasmanian blue gum, is a fast growing, evergreen tree, native to Tasmania and South-East Australia. Apart from its extensive use in pulp industry, it is also produces Oleum Eucalypti (eucalyptus oil) that is extracted on commercial scale in many countries such as China, India, South Africa, Portugal, Brazil, and Tasmania, as a raw material in perfumery, cosmetics, food beverage, aromatherapy, and phytotherapy. Materials and Methods: Traditional hydrodistillation (HD), solvent extraction (SE), ultrasonication (US), and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) were conducted for the extraction of essential oil from the leaves of E. globulus. Each oil was evaluated in terms of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPTLC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) fingerprinting with qualitative and semi-quantitative composition of the isolated essential oil by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GCMS), the extract yield of essential oil was 2.60%, 2.2%, 2.0%, and 3.6% v/w, respectively, for HD, SE, US, and SFE. Results: A total of 53 compounds were identified by GCMS. Comparative analysis indicated that SFE was favorable for extraction of monoterpene hydrocarbon, sesquiterpene hydrocarbon, and oxygenated sesquiterpene hydrocarbon. HD, SE, and US had certain advantages in the extraction of aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons organic acid and esters. Overlay, FTIR spectra of oil samples obtained by four extraction methods were superimposed with each other showing similar components. The maximum separation of compound seen at 254 nm and lesser at 366 nm by HPTLC fingerprinting which again showed superimposed chromatograms. Conclusion: It is concluded that different extraction method may lead to different yields of essential oils where the choice of appropriate method is very important to obtained more desired component with higher physiological activities.
Keywords: Essential oil, Eucalyptus globulus L., Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, myrtaceae
Khan Y, Ansari HR, Rinki, Chauhan R, Tamboli ET, Ahmad S. Comparative gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of essential oils extracted using 4 methods from the leaves of Eucalyptus globulus L. Drug Dev Ther 2016;7:81-6
Khan Y, Ansari HR, Rinki, Chauhan R, Tamboli ET, Ahmad S. Comparative gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of essential oils extracted using 4 methods from the leaves of Eucalyptus globulus L. Drug Dev Ther [serial online] 2016 [cited 2020 Jan 28];7:81-6. Available from: http://www.ddtjournal.org/text.asp?2016/7/2/81/191149
Eucalyptus globulus (family: Myrtaceae) is one of the world's most widely planted genera. [1] The leaves of E. globulus contains up to 3.5% w/w essential oil. [2],[3] 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) is the principal constituent found in E. globulus. However, other chemotypes such as α-phellandrene, ρ-cymene, γ-terpinene, ethanone, spathulenol, among others have been documented. [1],[4],[5] Composition pattern of essential oils reflects their nutritional, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, or medicinal values. The essential oils possess many bioactivities (antimicrobial, antiviral, fungicidal, insecticidal, and herbicidal activities), and these bioactivities are highly associated with their unique chemical composition. The novel biological functions of E. globulus essential oils suggest research on all Eucalyptus species to fully exploit their commercial benefits. [6]
Procurement of sample and chemicals
The following plant material (fresh leaves) was collected from Jamia Hamdard (herbal garden), Delhi. Its voucher specimen is deposited in Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Jamia Hamdard University as BNPL/JH/YK/MPH: 04 (2012-2013). All the ingredients were taken of pharmacopeial quality and quantity. Standards were obtained from Sami Labs Ltd., Bangalore, (India) as a gift samples and other chemicals and reagents used were of analytical grade (AR) and procured from Merck Ltd., India.
Extraction of essential oil
Hydro-distillation method
The grounded powder (150 g) and 500 mL distilled water were mixed in one L round-bottomed flask and heated for 5.0 h to yield essential oil. The extract was centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 10 min to separate small water droplets present in the essential oil. The oil was kept at 4°C until further use.
The coarse powder (50 gm) was extracted with hexane (100 mL) was kept in a conical flask in 1:2 w/v, ratio for 24 h. The extract was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure in rotary vacuum evaporator at 40°C. The obtained oil was kept at 4°C until further use.
Ultrasonic assisted extraction
The coarse powder (50 gm) of plant material was taken in a 250 mL conical flask along with 100 mL hexane (1:2, w/v). The flask was covered and then placed in an ultrasound water bath apparatus for 30 min (frequency 33 kHz). The temperature of the water bath was held constant at 25°C. The extract was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure in rotary vacuum evaporator. The obtained oil was kept at 4°C until further use.
A supercritical fluid extraction (SFE)-1000M1-2-C50 system (Pittsburgh, PA, USA) was used for extractions. The extraction vessel was 200 mL stainless steel. Grounded plant material (50 g) was loaded in the extractor. CO 2 was allowed to pass through the seed matrix at desired pressure (P: 150 bar) and temperature (T: 40°C) and optimized flow rate (5.0 g/min). Total time of extraction was 30 min. After the completion of extraction, the extracted oil was collected from the collecting vessel. [7]
High-performance liquid chromatography Instrumentation and Procedure
The samples were spotted in the form of band (3.0 mm) with a Camag Microlitre Syringe on thin layer chromatography aluminum plate precoated with silica gel 60F-254 (20 cm × 10 cm with 0.2 mm thickness, E. Merck, Germany) using a Camag Linomat V sample applicator. The development was carried out mobile phase composed of hexane: Ethyl acetate: Formic acid (7:2:1, v/v/v). The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPTLC) plates were studied at 254 nm and 366 nm as well as in visible range (580 nm) after spraying with anisaldehyde-sulfuric acid reagent. A good separation of constituent was observed at 254 nm and 580 nm.
Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis
The essential oil obtained by different extraction technique was diluted by adding 1998 μL of hexane to 2.0 μL oil (hydro distilled oil) and 1990 μL hexane to 10 μL oil (other extracted oil). Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GCMS) was equipped with a DB-5 fused silica capillary tubes column (30 mm × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm). The injection volume was 1.0 μL using autosampler at a carrier gas (helium) flow of 2.0 μL/min helium with a splitless mode. The initial oven temperature was 65°C (3.0 min) then raised to 2.0°C/min-114°C, then to 4°C/min-160°C, 6°C/min-302°C, finally ramped to 310°C at 15°C/min. Other setting of detector type was MS, and its interface temperature was 250°C.
By comparing with the National Institute of Standard and Technology library compounds were detected and identified. [8]
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectral analysis
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum was obtained using Shimadzu Bio-Rad FTIR (Kyoto, Japan). The samples were dispersed and triturated with dry potassium bromide (weight 2 μL of sample), grounded well in mortar and pestle and potassium bromide (K Br) disk were at a pressure of 1000 psig. The disk was placed in the FTIR sample holder, where IR spectra in absorbance mode were obtained in the spectral region 4000-400/cm using the resolution 4/cm.
Percentage yield (% v/w)
Different extraction techniques were carried out to obtain the maximum yield of oil. The extract yields of essential oil were 2.60%, 2.2%, 2.0%, and 3.6 v/w for hydrodistillation, SE, US, and SFE, respectively.
Development of solvent system for separation of oil sample by TLC
The development of solvent system was carried out by hit and trial method using different solvents considering the results of earlier reports. The solvent system composed of hexane: Ethyl acetate: Formic acid (7:2:1, v/v/v) with a maximum separation of constituents and compactness of bands for all the oil samples.
Detection of spots of different samples
Before derivatization at UV 254 nm and 366 nm, and after derivatization by spraying with anisaldehyde-sulfuric acid reagent at 254 nm [Figure 1]. The HPTLC plates were studied at 254 nm and 366 nm as well as in visible range (580 nm) after spraying with anisaldehyde-sulfuric acid reagent. A good separation of a constituent can be observed at 254 nm [Figure 2] and [Figure 3]. The comparative results of different oils were showing a dominant constituent showed A-T compounds [Table 1].
Figure 1: HPTLC fingerprint of different oils of E. globulus extracted through different techniques [track 1-2: Hydrodistilled oil, 3-4: Solvent extracted oil, 5-6: Ultra sonication oil, 7-8: SFE oil] visualized at (a) 254 nm, (b) 366 nm, (c) Day light after derivatization using anisaldehyde sulphuric acid reagent
Figure 2: 3D chromatogram of 8 tracks of E. globulus oil obtained by different extraction techniques at (a) 254 nm, (b) 366 nm and (c) 580 nm respectively
Figure 3: HPTLC chromatograms of different oils of E. globulus extracted using different extraction techniques (A) Hydrodistilled oil, (B) Solvent extracted oil, (C) Ultra sonication oil, (D) SFE oil visualized at (i) 254 nm, (ii) 366 nm and (iii) 580 nm
Table 1: Substance with their Rf and area percentage of E. globulus essential oil obtained by different extraction technniques
Comparative gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis of Eucalyptus globulus L. oil obtained by different extraction techniques
Comparative GCMS chromatograms of essential oils of E. globulus L. are presented in [Figure 4]i and [Table 2], which shows the constituents, separated and identified using their retention time and mass from library (Nist and Wiley).
Figure 4: (i) GC-MS Comparative chromatograms of different oils of E. globulus L. extracted using different extraction techniques (A) SFE oil, (B) Hydrodistilled oil, (C) Solvent extracted oil, (D) Ultra sonication oil. (ii) Comparative spectra of different oils of E. globulus Linn. Extracted using different extraction techniques (A) Hydrodistilled oil, (B) Ultra sonication oil, (C) Solvent extracted oil, (D) SFE oil
Table 2: Results of GC-MS analysis of E. globulus oil extracted by different techniques
A total of fifty-three compounds were determined. The major terpenoid compounds present were cymene (26.39%), β-pinene (15.21%), eudesmol (12.64%), and in hydrodistilled oil. The oil extracted by SFE contained eudesmol (12.64%), 1, 2 benzenedicarboxylic acid (19.28%). The fatty acid was also present in a significant amount as 9, 12, 15-octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester (56.70%) in ultrasonicated oil, and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (34.43%) in solvent extracted oil. α-selinene (9.83%), β-selinene (2.16%), 4-terpineol (1.95%), borneol (1.33%), thymol (0.45%), and carvacrol (0.64%) were other important constituent present.
Comparative Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of Eucalyptus globulus L. oil obtained by different extraction techniques
The interpretation of infrared spectra of E. globulus L. essential oil was done by correlating of absorption bands in the spectrum with the known absorption frequency bonds. Comparative spectra of essential oil extracted by different techniques are presented in [Figure 4]ii and [Table 3] shows the peak common to all the four extraction techniques.
Table 3: Results of FTIR analysis of E. globulus L. oil extracted by different techniques
FTIR analysis of eucalyptus oil showed the presence of strong peak of aromatic para-disubstituted benzene ring in solvent extracted and ultrasonicated oil samples. Strong stretching peaks of ether are present in all extracted oil samples except in hydrodistilled oil. Peaks at 1629.85/cm, 2229.43/cm, 2926/cm, and 3342.64/cm are absent in hydrodistilled and SFE oil samples.
In the present investigation, it states that SFE of E. globulus L. was proved to have highest percentage yield as compared to other extraction techniques. Furthermore, evidence from HPTLC, GCMS as well FTIR analysis shows that SFE technique is prime technique for extraction of essential oils.
There are no conflict of interest.
Akin M, Aktumsek A, Nostro A. Antibacterial activity and composition of the essential oils of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. and Myrtus communis L. growing in Northern Cyprus. Afr J Biotechnol 2010;9:531-5.
Bremness L. Herbs. London: Dorling Kindersley; 2004. p. 54.
Melka Y, Bekele T, Bauhus J. In Eucalyptus species management, history, status and trends in Ethiopia. In: Gil LL, Tadesse WW, Tolosana E, Lopez R, editors. Proceedings from the Congress Held in Addis Ababa. Ethiopia; 2010.
Chalchat JC, Kundakovic T, Gorunovic MS. Essential oil from the leaves of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. Myrtaceae, from Jerusalem. J Essent Oil 2001;13:105-7.
Iqbal Z, Bhatti HN, Ahmad IN, Chatha SAS. Content and compositional variations in the essential oils of different Eucalyptus globulus trees from Faisalabad, Pakistan. J Chem Soc Pak 2006;28:397-400.
Zhang JB, An M, Wu H, Stanton R, Lemerle D. Chemistry and bioactivity of Eucalyptus essential oils. Allelopathy J 2010;25:313-30.
Khajeh M, Yamini Y, Bahramifar N, Sefidkon F, Pirmoradei MR. Comparison of essential oils compositions of Ferula assa-foetida obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and hydrodistillation methods. Food Chem 2005;91:639-44.
Derwich E, Benziane Z, Taouil R, Senhaji O, Touzani M. Aromatic plants of morocco: GC/MS analysis of the essential oils of leaves of Mentha piperita. Adv Environ Biol 2010;4:80-5.
[Figure 1], [Figure 2], [Figure 3], [Figure 4]
1 Natural Sources and Bioactivities of 2,4-Di-Tert-Butylphenol and Its Analogs
Fuqiang Zhao,Ping Wang,Rima D. Lucardi,Zushang Su,Shiyou Li
Toxins. 2020; 12(1): 35
Khan Y
Ansari HR
Chauhan R
Tamboli ET
Ahmad S
Eucalyptus globulus L.
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy
Results and Disc...
PDF Downloaded 1563
[TAG2]
© Drug Development and Therapeutics | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow


The introduction of the Chrome browser back in 2008 seemed like a breath of fresh air. Excellent speeds, extensions, and a much lighter piece of software when compared to Internet Explorer – Chrome delivered on all of these fronts and more. So, it's easy to see why it eventually became the world's most widely used web browser.
However, times have changed since the initial release date of Chrome over a decade ago. In that time, online privacy has increasingly become a hot topic. People from all across the globe are now wearier than ever about staying safe and anonymous online. This is hardly surprising considering the ever-increasing number of data breaches to occur throughout the world.
With that in mind, you might just be wondering how you can keep yourself safe while using Google Chrome. The answer? Well, you'll find that the perfect solution comes in the form of a VPN. There are a whole host of options that won't cost you a penny too – with several free options available on the market.
Thanks to the ease of use and wealth of extensions available on the Chrome Browser, getting a VPN up and running will be an absolute breeze. So, if you'd like to discover more about which free Chrome VPN to opt for, simply continue reading – the following article will cover exactly that!
As we touched upon earlier in the article, keeping yourself protected online is of paramount importance. After all, the amount of data breaches occurring is ever-increasing, so you'll need to do whatever it takes to keep the would-be thieves at bay.
Installing a free VPN on Google Chrome couldn't be easier. But, you might just be struggling to decide which one is right for you. If that's you, you needn't worry as the next section will provide our top 5 recommended free Chrome VPNs.
Available as a browser extension on Chrome, ZenMate VPN offers 4 locations via its free service. A 100% no-logging policy ensures that your personal information and internet activity will remain well away from any prying eyes, so it's well worth trying out.
However, their free version is limited to just 2 Mbps speed when connected to the service. In order to get around this, you have no option but to upgrade to the ultimate version priced from $2.05 a month if you take out a 2-year subscription.
Reliable and easy to install, Hotspot Shield is a perfect choice for Google Chrome thanks to its dedicated extension which is available via the Chrome Web Store. Instantly securing all of your personal information such as passwords and addresses, this particular service makes use of military-grade 256-bit encryption.
It also benefits from a faster and stronger connection all thanks to their proprietary protocol called Catapult Hydra. So, it's clear to see that enhanced online security is possible with Hotspot Shield's free version.
Of course, you could always upgrade to the premium version risk-free if you'd like to make the most out of this particular VPN. There is a 45-day money-back guarantee which offers great peace of mind.
Well-established for many years, TunnelBear is often the first port of call for those who are in search of a reliable and free Chrome VPN. Having undergone two independent security audits by respectable security firm Cure53, you can rest assured that TunnelBear takes your privacy seriously.
Like the other VPNs we've mentioned in this list, you can easily download and install a dedicated Chrome extension. However, just bear in mind that you only get 500MB of data each month, which you'll probably find yourself using up in no time. This might well be sufficient enough for the occasional user, though.
Windscribe Free is an excellent choice for a Chrome VPN due to its ease of use, generous 10GB monthly allowance, and the fact it comes with a built-in malware and ad blocker. All of Windscribe's features are available via the free service. This includes the ability to access the US or UK versions of Netflix from wherever you are in the world.
A strict no-logs policy is also in place, which means that your internet activity won't be tracked by the service. The only information that is kept by Windscribe is the total amount of bandwidth you have used in a 30-day period and when you last used the service. You can upgrade to Windscribe Pro for as little as $4.08 a month with the yearly plan.
Providing unlimited access to over 100 servers throughout the world, SetupVPN is undoubtedly a great choice for a Chrome VPN. Choosing from servers based in Europe, South America, the US, Japan, India, and more, you'll be able to change your location and IP address, as well as encrypt your internet connection.
However, the main disadvantage to SetupVPN is that it can be somewhat inconsistent in terms of connection speeds. At times, users have reported that their connection speeds ranged from between 5-20Mbps. Although, this should be sufficient enough for basic web browsing and perhaps light streaming.
As you can see, you're most definitely not short of options when it comes to choosing a free VPN to use with Google Chrome. By setting up and using one of the aforementioned VPNs on the Chrome browser, you'll be well on your way to enjoying safe and anonymous browsing.
However, just remember that each free Chrome VPN has its drawbacks. The main one is that you only have access to a limited amount of data which each VPN. This is understandable given each company will be pushing its users towards purchasing a subscription to their respective premium service.
But, if you're just getting started with a Chrome VPN or rarely use one, each of the previously mentioned VPNs will most definitely fit the bill. Seeing as they're free, it might be worth experimenting with each of them to discover which one suits your needs the best. Either way, you can't go wrong if you're serious about protecting your online privacy.
I work with windscribe for my chrome browser, but after going through your list, I think it is time to give Hotspotshield and Zenmate a trial, but platforms will likely give me something more, or so I hope.
Google chrome is known to be compatible with several extensions, which makes it easy to easily incorporate any VPN extension to it, and that means it's easy to utilize free VPN's with Google Chrome.
I've heard a lot of bad things about ZenMate, I'm not sure it should be on top of the list. Free VPNs in general should be avoided if possible as most of them aren't that secure and don't offer real privacy. Thanks for the list though.


Blade material: Plc splitters 1x2. 3.55 x 60. Xyt-b-2x2-1004. 246x138x 60 (mm). 6.0 g. Singlemode simplex. 118*34*19mm. Qx50-p1 pon otdr. 10mm.etc. Trf7053fn-ga310. Kd010. Singlemode , simplex. Optische fiber meter. Calibrated wavelengths: Actual average splice loss: Inno. Xyt-osw-2*2. Dual sfp+. Rtl 2832u.
Jw3302 otdr. Meetbereik:41x33x14cm (wx hxd). Power measurement range(dbm): Etp48100. Lc-st hybrid adapter. Usb db9. <0.2db. 2 sfp ports with 100/1000m adaptive. 172x82x33mm. Breken meter. Av6481 fiber optic fusion splicer. Kelushi. Single mode (9/125). Wholesale 100 origina. >500kbps. More than 48000 times. Stp connectores. Ht-312x.
Wholesale 600 mhz. Glasvezel faceplate. Uncharted 6. Maximum communication rate: +5 ~ - 40 dbm +20 ~ - 25 dbm. Glasvezel tubing. One-push. Mini 1mw. Sm, mm, ds, nzds. Bly-8g2e-a/b20. 44-57v. Telefoon digitale zender. 15.4w. -70 to + 3	-50 ~ + 26. Medische optische. Central wavelength (nm):63 * 76 *63mm. 70kpa to 106kpa. Signalfire. Tornado bak machine.


Automate routine tasks in the Inventor in a simple way.
AutoSteps provides you with a simple way to automate Inventor. AutoSteps' visual drag-and-drop interface allows Inventor users and CAD administrators with no programming skills to automate certain tasks in Inventor. For example, you can even automate company-specific tasks which cannot be completed with standard tools. An example of this would be an automatic data export in 3D PDF and STEP while simultaneously updating certain iProperties as soon as a component is closed.
Share your workflows and download pre-definied workflows for free.
AutoSteps is available in two versions. The Runtime version is particularly suitable for Inventor workstations that only need to execute workflows. For business customers from with four licenses or more, please contact mail@timclassen.com.
The full range of AutoSteps. Create, edit, and execute workflows.
Ideal for Inventor users who only want to execute workflows.
No programming skills are required to use the graphic workflow designer. Simply drag-and-drop any activities from the library into the workflow and tailor the activities to your needs. This creates a workflow within a few seconds with no programming whatsoever. Incidentally, existing workflows can be easily changed at any time, so they can be adapted to new requirements time and again with no need for complex and time-consuming code changes.
Do you still want to execute existing macros or iLogic rules? You can easily do this by using the "Run VB Code" and "Run iLogic Rule" activities.
You can tailor each activity to your needs. For example, for the Export Document activity, you can specify the file format in which you would like to export and where you want to save the file.
AutoSteps offers a huge selection of over 75 activities. We are constantly working to develop new activities and improve existing ones. Many activities are also created as a response to ideas and suggestions from our customers.
Is there an activity that you need? Do you have ideas or suggestions? Please write to us.
Your own workflows and those of your colleagues ("external workflows") are automatically loaded every time Inventor is started and can be conveniently executed via the AutoSteps "Launch Pad" Inventory menu or via the "AutoSteps Browser" to improve the way in which your workflows are distinguished later, you can also change the symbol image.
The "External Workflows" feature also lets you make workflows available to your colleagues. All you have to do is save the workflows in a network folder and select the folder as the source for "External Workflows." All the workflows contained in the folder are then loaded automatically each time Inventor is started and can be shared by your colleagues.
Tip: Workflows can be password protected against changes.
The execution of your workflows can automatically be triggered with certain events (triggers), e.g. when saving documents, etc. For example, PDF and DXF files can be automatically created when closing a drawing. Or certain iProperties may be changed when saving a document.
Automate more complex workflows by using functions, variables, objects, and mathematical expressions, much like formulas in Microsoft Excel.
Download and activate the free Trial version of AutoSteps for a full 15-day trial.
© 2018 Tim Classen Software Development All Rights Reserved.


text:
Q: Geographical Dispersion Heuristic I am trying to implement a hill climbing algorithm to decide which locations to choose from a set of locations based on specific criteria. There are up to 5000 locations to choose from.
One of these criteria is geographic dispersion, thus I need to be able to assign any subset of my locations a value representing dispersion.
Each location has latitude and longitude data.
Speed is an issue and that is why I need some heuristic that will estimate how dispersed a specific set of locations (i.e a possible solution) is.
I have tried summing the pairwise distances of each of the locations in my potential solution but this proves too slow.
I then tried the sum of the distances from the centre of all the locations in my potential solution, this proved faster but doesn't work as effectively. Using this approach will favour a few clusters of locations.
Any other suggestions will be greatly appreciated.

A: First, could you restate what you mean by pairwise sums? I'm asking, because it sounds that you form all possible pairs and that would be highly ineficient. If this is the case, how about finding first 1) the closest neighbors, then 2) the longest path?
1) If I recall it right, you can do this in less than O(n log n) time.
2) If the formed trees are disconnected, you have to find the shortest distances between  trees, too. And because of trees, this is not an NP-complete problem but actually a shortest path alg suffices.
At this moment, with huge suspicion that I didn't understood your problem correctly, how about some kind of deviation on count of occurrences on geog areas, either evenly divided between extreme points or chosen with some prior heuristic.
Can you define or further elaborate the dispersion concept?

A: Consider three situations:

*

*All your nodes are in a dense cluster.

*All of your nodes are in a cluster, but the cluster is wide.

*Many of your nodes are in a cluster, but a few nodes are located far from the cluster.

Your sum across all pairwise distances captures (1) and (2) well: close clusters give smaller results than large clusters. How does it do for (3)? Here, a proportion e of the total number of nodes N are far away, at an average distance D. The other (1-e)N nodes are a clustered at an average distance of d.
Now, how many pairwise connections must be considered? For the clustered nodes, there are ((1-e)N)^2=e^2*N^2-2*e*N^2+N^2 such connections. For distant nodes, there are e^2*N^2 connections.
Now, multiply these values by the average distances. This gives a total pairwise average of (d*(e^2*N^2-2*e*N^2+N^2)+D*(e^2*N^2))/N. Now, assume that e is small, we can then neglect terms incorporating e^2. Thus, the average is d*(N^2-2*e*N^2)/N.
Now, consider your second metric: everyone's distance from the average center point. This does fine on (1) and (2) as well: close clusters have smaller results than larger clusters. How does it do on 3? Use the same e as above to represent the proportion of outliers. Now, the average distance of the nodes from a central point is given by (d*(1-e)*N+D*e*N)/N. In other words, the clustered nodes are no longer weighted as heavily.
Is there a way you can have a lightweight computation and still weight the clustered nodes more appropriately? I think so.
My suggestion is that you choose random pairs of nodes from your list, calculate the internode distance, and then average over the results. For (1) tight clusters, all the nodes will be close together, so all of the random pairs you draw will be close to the pairwise average you would have got with your calculation. For (2), loose clusters, the same will be true. For (3), a cluster with outliers, you are more likely to draw nodes from within the cluster than from without, so the outliers end up getting ignored.
As you increase the number of nodes sampled, the cluster will tend to dominate the random sampling. I am guessing this will provide decent accuracy with O(N) rather than O(N^2) time.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


During the preparation of a subject known websites can make you great service. In order to use the best, the ideal is to have a bounce logic. The principle locate on their results pages related information or discrete options out some information to use in a Google search or via another service, multiple transactions based on collected data, etc.
Without assume that you definitely will validate the information received, you will have a body of evidence that will allow you to have everything a handy context in the case of an investigation or interview.
These services are not revolutionary but their use in a journey full of trails open investigation, as we shall try to show below.
The example of logic rebound used here aims to clear brush Internet activities of Laurent Tapie, son of Bernard.
When you buy a domain name, you fill the contact fields: first name, name, email address, phone. By default these fields are accessible to all, and there are very few buyers who believe in making their data inaccessible. To search the database, you use what is called whois.
Official websites like internic.net or afnic.fr do not give useful results. The one I recommend is who.is. Apart from advertisements and other video without interest, it compiles all of the most interesting data.
During your research first – on bernardtapie.com in this case – you will not find nothing very interesting: as the official engines who.is gives little information on the first page. But clicking on the small "History" tab you will find recent changes owners.


How much money do you have to spend on your project" This is where the whole design process starts.
This list round's-out the most requested areas that homeowners are looking to add to their home when finishing-off the basement. So you need to determine what Zones you want first, and don't be bashful, let it all hang-out baby! Put it all in there. I call this creating your "Wish List".
This is the list of everything you wish you could have in the new finished basement space if you could have everything and anything at all down there with an unlimited budget.
Once You have your Wish List you can begin to design the new space to accommodate the list. Now, unfortunately everything on your wish list may not fit in the available space you have to work with in the basement, the space may be to small. And, even if you have the space, you might not be able to afford everything on your wish list.
Your budget needs to be set as well. You need to know what your "bottom line" is to create the new space because this will effect the design as well.
a shower faucet, a vanity light, a light/fan unit, bath accessories, etc.. The bathroom will cost you an extra $2,500.00 or so more than a bedroom.
A sit-down Wet Bar will cost you $5,000.00 to $7,500.00+ more than a bedroom! So it's important to decide on a realistic dollar amount for the total project before you even begin your design, this way you won't waste your time redesigning the project 3 or 4 times until you get it right.
So it's…what do I want to see down there, and, what can I afford to do down there. You need the answers to both questions before you can really begin the design process.
OK, so you know what Zones you want, you have a budget to work with, so it's now time to examine the basement space your dealing with and begin to identify the "obstacles" you will be dealing with down there.
What you have to do is devise a floor plan that will incorporate your new finished basement "Zones" and eliminate all of the obstacles at the same time…this is sometimes easier said than done. But, there is ALWAYS A WAY TO DESIGN AROUND IT ALL!!
I know this first-hand, I've had to do this a few thousand times for my clients over the years. There is always a floor plan that will work, a plan that will incorporate all of your new Zones and hide all of the nasty obstacles at the same time!
Take your time and Design! Get it right, don't rush it. You have to live with the results! It's time to put your design cap on.
THIS VIDEO WILL HELP YOU HIDE OBSTACLES WHEN DESIGNING.
Good luck with your basement design. I'm always here if you have any questions about your basement project!