MPC and I have a rocky relationship, to start this whole thing off with. One of my first model kits ever was a MPC '67 Pontiac GTO, which I build together with my dad nearly two decades ago. And we were content, we hadn't build a beautiful model, hell the kit was pretty great but with the few cans of spray paints we had to our disposal and only having some glue to coincide with that, we only did okay.
Some time later, we bought the '72 Pontiac GTO kit by MPC, which to put it mildly, it destroyed the desire to build models together. First we had to clear all the parts of excess plastic from the bad molding, then we struggled with painting it cause nothing would actually sit on the really, really glossy plastic without coming off. And after all was said and done, we couldn't actually put it together cause it was just a misshapen pile of unhappiness, not a thing would fit. Bumpers were too large, wheels were too small, interior was too rough, engine wouldn't sit, firewall never sat where it was meant to go, so on.
And that stuck with me, ever since I purchased MPC kits with caution. There are good ones out there, the '67 GTO isn't great, but it isn't a pile of trash either. The '80 Volare kit was awesome, even. But to show the other side of that same coin, the '72 GTO kit is globally reviled by modelers alike, the '79 Firebird T/A requires so much effort and fixing on the builders' part that only the finest of modelers have build that thing to showroom model status. AMT Ertl makes fantastic kits and to know MPC is just another name under the same company, it just makes me sad to know that one can put out persistent good stuff and the other skirts by on mediocrity.
However, I figured I'd go into a MPC kit knowing full well I won't have engine detail, I won't have interior detail, I'm going in to make a nice model for the shelf. And in that respect, it panned out. Turns out that this kit, the '74 Plymouth Road Runner is actually one of those MPC kits that is awesome.
Anyway, onward with the model at hand, there have been several '74 Plymouths by MPC, the Road Runner police package, the Daisy Duke Road Runner, the regular old' Volare which the Road Runners are the performance version of, however this kit I have a feeling is a special edition… Why? Well, first of all it comes packaged in a gargantuan tin box completely covered in blue Road Runners, it comes with a little four inch statue of the cartoon Road Runner and it packs all of the features of the other versions, like the police lamps and extras, plus a whole new decal sheet with every color and engine option put on there.
Granted, the kit isn't more than 50 pieces even with all the extra pieces that you won't even be using so it's kind of weird getting this massive foot wide box and only packing two little bags of parts. But hey, I adore the giant box, I've re-purposed it as a bread box for the kitchen, kinda tasteful!
Even the kit's had a quality overhaul, the mold lines are only harsh on the tail end of the car and the only flash I found was on the seats, the rest was crisp. I molded the engine bay shut with epoxy, knowing ahead of time that the engine quality would be bare bones, and it was sadly the case as with most MPC kits and in some cases even AMT, there are however two options for engine; 360 cubic inch with a single air cleaner or a full blown 440 Magnum Six Pack, albeit without the appropriate decals.
I finally found a use for the wheels I got with the AMT '69 Oldsmobile Cutlass kit around a year ago, which look much better than the stock Plymouth wheels and the deep-dish "custom" alternative. Looks much sportier now with the wheels and the Radial T/A decals, although I'm kinda disappointed with the lack of proper Mopar Mag 500 wheels!
Regardless, the only real downside to the kit is the interior detail being non-existent. So there's not much to be said there other than it having decent mold detail on the dashboard and seats, but the doors and such are just about flat with the smallest little lines somehow making out window cranks.
The kit also comes with a small tail spoiler and front air dam as little optional extras, sadly not the proper wing from a '74 Road Runner but hey, it's something.
Overall, I'm… really, really happy with this kit. Laden with bad memories of MPC kits, this is a very nice kit with a very, very nice box around it and a neat little Road Runner figure that became a gift for my old man. Again, forgive the story at the start there and only having a bit of meat at the end!


Due to a pool lifeguard examination, the swimming pool at Hyndburn Leisure Centre will close tomorrow, Saturday the 20th February at 12:00pm. The pool will re-open at 15:00pm for the ladies only swimming session. We apologise for any inconvenience this may cause.


text:
SCOTUS Opinions and Orders Update
Jun 27 2016 Blog Post
The Supreme Court issued opinions in the 3 remaining argued cases from OT 15, as well as a new Order List. A summary follows:
(1) Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt: By a vote of 5-3 the judgment of the U.S Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit is reversed and the case remanded. Per Justice Breyer's opinion for the Court: "In Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pa. v. Casey, 505 U. S. 833, 878 (1992), a plurality of the Court concluded that there 'exists' an 'undue burden' on a woman's right to decide to have an abortion, and consequently a provision of law is constitutionally invalid, if the 'purpose or effect' of the provision 'is to place a substantial obstacle in the path of a woman seeking an abortion before the fetus attains viability.' (Emphasis added.) The plurality added that '[u]nnecessary health regulations that have the purpose or effect of presenting a substantial obstacle to a woman seeking an abortion impose an undue burden on the right.' Ibid. We must here decide whether two provisions of Texas' House Bill 2 violate the Federal Constitution as interpreted in Casey. The first provision, which we shall call the 'admitting-privileges requirement,' says that '[a] physician performing or inducing an abortion...must, on the date the abortion is performed or induced, have active admitting privileges at a hospital that...is located not further than 30 miles from the location at which the abortion is performed or induced.' Tex. Health & Safety Code Ann. §171.0031(a) (West Cum. Supp. 2015). This provision amended Texas law that had previously required an abortion facility to maintain a written protocol 'for managing medical emergencies and the transfer of patients requiring further emergency care to a hospital.' 38 Tex. Reg. 6546 (2013). The second provision, which we shall call the 'surgical center requirement,' says that 'the minimum standards for an abortion facility must be equivalent to the minimum standards adopted under [the Texas Health and Safety Code section] for ambulatory surgical centers.' Tex. Health & Safety Code Ann. §245.010(a). We conclude that neither of these provisions offers medical benefits sufficient to justify the burdens upon access that each imposes. Each places a substantial obstacle in the path of women seeking a previability abortion, each constitutes an undue burden on abortion access, Casey, supra, at 878 (plurality opinion), and each violates the Federal Constitution. Amdt. 14, §1." [The majority also rejected the Fifth Circuit's procedural ruling that Petitioners' constitutional claims were barred by res judicata].
Justice Breyer's majority opinion was joined by Justices Kennedy, Ginsburg, Sotomayor, and Kagan. Justice Ginsburg filed a concurring opinion. Justice Thomas filed a dissenting opinion. Justice Alito also dissented, joined by the Chief Justice and Justice Thomas.
(2) McDonnell v. United States: By a vote 8-0 of the judgment of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit is vacated and the case remanded. Per the Chief Justice's opinion for a unanimous Court: "In 2014, the Federal Government indicted former Virginia Governor Robert McDonnell and his wife, Maureen McDonnell, on bribery charges. To convict the McDonnells of bribery, the Government was required to show that Governor McDonnell committed (or agreed to commit) an 'official act' in exchange for the loans and gifts.... The issue in this case is the proper interpretation of the term 'official act.' Section 201(a)(3) defines an 'official act' as "any decision or action on any question, matter, cause, suit, proceeding or controversy, which may at any time be pending, or which may by law be brought before any public official, in such official's official capacity, or in such official's place of trust or profit.'.... Taking into account the text of the statute, the precedent of this Court, and the constitutional concerns raised by Governor McDonnell, we reject the Government's reading of §201(a)(3) and adopt a more bounded interpretation of 'official act.' Under that interpretation, setting up a meeting, calling another public official, or hosting an event does not, standing alone, qualify as an 'official act.'.... In sum, an 'official act' is a decision or action on a 'question, matter, cause, suit, proceeding or controversy.' The 'question, matter, cause, suit, proceeding or controversy' must involve a formal exercise of governmental power that is similar in nature to a lawsuit before a court, a determination before an agency, or a hearing before a committee. It must also be something specific and focused that is 'pending' or 'may by law be brought' before a public official. To qualify as an 'official act,' the public official must make a decision or take an action on that 'question, matter, cause, suit, proceeding or controversy,' or agree to do so. That decision or action may include using his official position to exert pressure on another official to perform an 'official act,' or to advise another official, knowing or intending that such advice will form the basis for an 'official act' by another official. Setting up a meeting, talking to another official, or organizing an event (or agreeing to do so)—without more—does not fit that definition of 'official act.'.... Because the jury was not correctly instructed on the meaning of 'official act,' it may have convicted Governor McDonnell for conduct that is not unlawful. For that reason, we cannot conclude that the errors in the jury instructions were 'harmless beyond a reasonable doubt.' Neder v. United States, 527 U. S. 1, 16 (1999) (internal quotation marks omitted). We accordingly vacate Governor McDonnell's convictions....If the court below determines that there is sufficient evidence for a jury to convict Governor McDonnell of committing or agreeing to commit an 'official act,' his case may be set for a new trial. If the court instead determines that the evidence is insufficient, the charges against him must be dismissed. We express no view on that question."
(3) Voisine v. United States: By a vote of 6-2 the judgment of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit is affirmed. Per Justice Kagan's opinion for the Court: "Federal law prohibits any person convicted of a 'misdemeanor crime of domestic violence' from possessing a firearm. 18 U. S. C. §922(g)(9). That phrase is defined to include any misdemeanor committed against a domestic relation that necessarily involves the 'use...of physical force.' §921(a)(33)(A). The question presented here is whether misdemeanor assault convictions for reckless (as contrasted to knowing or intentional) conduct trigger the statutory firearms ban. We hold that they do."
Justice Kagan's majority opinion was joined by the Chief Justice and Justices Kennedy, Ginsburg, Breyer, and Alito. Justice Thomas dissented, joined by Justice Sotomayor as to Parts I and II only.
Cert grants. In addition to several GVRs, there were two cert grants and a noting of probable jurisdiction:
(1) Life Technologies Corp. v. Promega Corp (limited to Question 2): whether the Federal Circuit erred in holding that supplying a single, commodity component of a multi-component invention from the United States is an infringing act under 35 U.S.C. § 271(f)(1), exposing the manufacturer to liability for all worldwide sales.
(2) Beckles v. United States (Justice Kagan is recused): (1) Whether Johnson v. United States applies retroactively to collateral cases challenging federal sentences enhanced under the residual clause in United States Sentencing Guidelines (U.S.S.G.) § 4B1.2(a)(2) (defining "crime of violence"); (2) whether Johnson's constitutional holding applies to the residual clause in U.S.S.G. § 4B1.2(a)(2), thereby rendering challenges to sentences enhanced under it cognizable on collateral review; and (3) whether mere possession of a sawed-off shotgun, an offense listed as a "crime of violence" only in commentary to U.S.S.G. § 4B1.2, remains a "crime of violence" after Johnson.
(3) McCrory v. Harris: (Probable jurisdiction noted) : (1) Whether the court below erred in presuming racial predominance from North Carolina's reasonable reliance on this Court's holding in Bartlett v. Strickland that a district created to ensure that African Americans have an equal opportunity to elect their preferred candidate of choice complies with the Voting Rights Act (VRA) if it contains a numerical majority of African Americans; (2) whether the court below erred in applying a standard of review that required the State to demonstrate its construction of North Carolina Congressional District 1 was "actually necessary" under the VRA instead of simply showing it had "good reasons" to believe the district, as created, was needed to foreclose future vote dilution claims; (3) whether the court below erred in relieving plaintiffs of their burden to prove "race rather than politics" predominated with proof of an alternative plan that achieves the legislature's political goals, is comparably consistent with traditional redistricting principles, and brings about greater racial balance than the challenged districts; (4) whether, regardless of any other error, the three-judge court's finding of racial gerrymandering violations was based on clearly erroneous fact-finding; (5) whether the court below erred in failing to dismiss plaintiffs' claims as being barred by claim preclusion or issue preclusion; and (6) whether, in the interests of judicial comity and federalism, the Court should order full briefing and oral argument to resolve the split between the court below and the North Carolina Supreme Court which reached the opposite result in a case raising identical claims.
Other notables:
-No action taken on the petition for rehearing in Friedrichs or on the Stormans case.
https://fedsoc.org/commentary/fedsoc-blog/scotus-opinions-and-orders-update-2
Maimon Schwarzschild
Kenneth W. Starr
Timothy Courtney

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Whether you're paying for clicks or not, you've spent a lot of time and effort in attracting visitors to your site. Your conversion rate strategy should be perfected so that your time and money are not wasted. Here are some tips for conversion rate optimization.
If you don't have any now, you need to post tetimonials as soon as possible. These can be in the form of text, video, or audio.
Next to word of mouth, testimonials are the second-best form of advertising. Your customers are doing the sales pitch for you without being saleslike.
Credibility and building trust are crucial when acquiring new customers. Relevant case studies show that your offer, service, and/or product is particularly valuable.
You should have a page on your site that is dedicated to case studies and easy to find. You can do this by adding case studies to your navigation or linking to the case studies page from a blog post, social media posts, emails, CTA, quote, or testimonial.
Be inspired—go to some of your favorite sites, competitors' sites, and large corporations' sites to see how they present their case studies.
Be personal—create case studies for each of your buyer personas.
Be real—create videos from case studies.
Simply put, a landing page focuses on one objective. This page is separate from your main website. It has no navigation and few links because your goal is for the visitor to focus on that one objective. Landing pages are designed to convert.
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The sales page, also referred to as a click-through landing page, is what most of us have been seeing since ecommerce began. The goal is to persuade the user to click again to another page, usually a shopping cart.
The lead generation landing page's design is a bit simpler, and you are probably also familiar with this form. This page offers something for free, such as an eBook or webinar, in exchange for your information, such as a name and email address.
Landing pages are absolutely necessary to have today. To use them effectively, you must know your buyer personas and have many available.
A call to action is more than just a button to click. You have to design this carefully to make the viewer want to take action, which helps you get one step closer to gaining another customer. Calls to action should be analyzed and A/B tested to be most efficient.
Forms are simple. You pick the information you want to capture about visitors, leads, customers—anyone really. You can then personalize all other content to ensure that your audience is receiving the best content possible. Try to keep forms short and simple.
A webinar is a good way to prove why your product or service is needed and show potential customers that you can be trusted. It's also one of the best ways for you to learn more about your target audience and raise your brand awareness.


Luxury On The Lake 897 Sf Split 2 Bdrm+2 Bath +Parking D106+Locker D255+Bike Storage A98 In Unique 'Pier 27' Condos On The Foot Of Yonge St. Thousand In Upgrades: Wood Floor, Glass Backsplash, Deep Under Mount Sink, Kitchen Cabinets. Heated Floor In Ensuite Bath. Large Balcony, City and Lake Views. Walk To Union Station, St Lawrence Market, Lcbo and Loblaws. Downtown At Your Feet And Lake Is Your Back Yard* EXTRAS * Miele Appliances: S/S Fridge, Gas Counter Top Stove, S/S Build-In Oven, Dishwasher and Microwave, White Front Load Washer and Dryer.Roller Blinds.24 Hr Concierge.Use Of Spa, Games Room, Theatre, Pools, Gym, Sauna.
I would like more information about #724-29 Queens Quay E, Toronto, Ontario, M5E0A4.


Roblox Toys Guest – Tag : roblox toys boy guest, roblox toys girl guest, roblox toys guest, roblox toys guest 666, . Roblox Toys are smaller classic mini-figures and playsets based on many renowned Roblox personalities, developers and users. They are created by the organization Jazwares. Every toy comes with a special code that can be redeemed for a exceptional exclusive thing, depending on the toy you purchased, you are able to secure a whole lot such as for instance a Ringmaster, Shedletsky.
Players may buy the toys from other stores and places. Such examples comprise Toys"R"Us, Walmart, CVS Pharmacy, Target and Amazon. Roblox also comes with an internet website on Jazwares which lists the different figurines and collections readily available, properties that the code salvation platform, and also lists where players could buy the toys.
Every single Roblox Toy gets got the capacities of owning their roles blended together with other Roblox Toys. The toy arms have been designed in R6 form, while the legs have been organised into R 15 shape. Users wishing to mimic the motion of their Roblox toys within their avatar often use the toy animation bunch.
Though the toys were received with all overall positive reception, customers criticized it stating that they resembled too much like Lego collectible figurines. Some accessories and figurines have Roblox's old"ep" brand on these as an alternative of the more recent sq variation.


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layout: blog_by_tag
tag: apple
permalink: /blog/tag/apple/

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Tridet specialises in the maintenance and hygiene aspect of HACCP and supply a full range of products to keep our clients HACCP compliant. Our agents are trained in this area and can advise shop owners and managers on the best implementation of HACCP in their stores.
For thousands of years people have tried to make food safer, this is illustrated in many ancient cultures where complex codes of practice and laws concerning the processing and handling of food can be found. These procedures and laws have evolved to form modern regulations concerning the safety of food operations. HACCP is in theory a philosophy but in practice a tool.
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As a powerful tool HACCP avoids the many weaknesses which are found in the end product sampling. HACCP is a systematic approach to the identification, assessments and control of hazards and its implementation focuses on the factors that directly affect the safety of a product at all stages of the food chain. The implementation of HACCP can lead to less wastage of product, less expensive means of control and therefore economic advantages, HACCP must also be applied to raw material supply as well as to the final product, storage and retail.


text:
\section*{Abstract}
We report an investigation of laser frequency stabilization using a whispering gallery mode resonator that is temperature stabilized by a dual-mode technique. This dual-mode technique has yielded mode volume temperature instabilities at the nK level, suggesting that high frequency stability may also be reached. Here, we experimentally and theoretically investigate the dynamics of such a system and the important factors affecting the achievable frequency stability. We calculate that the dual-mode technique can reduce the effective fractional temperature coefficient of the reference system to 3.6$\times10^{-8}$~K$^{-1}$ within the temperature feedback bandwidth. We demonstrate a 1560 nm laser stabilized to 1.3$\times10^{-12}$ at 1~s and 1.1$\times10^{-10}$ at 1000~s, corresponding to a long-term drift of 21 kHz/hr.

\section{Introduction}
Whispering gallery mode resonators (WGMRs) demonstrate extremely high quality factor and correspondingly narrow linewidth optical resonances over a large wavelength range, making them attractive for laser frequency stabilization applications. In fluoride resonators, quality factor ($Q$) in excess of one billion is regularly demonstrated, and $Q>$6$\times 10^{10}$ has been achieved~\cite{grudinin_pra2006}, corresponding to a linewidth of $\approx$4.5~kHz -- comparable to that of high-finesse Fabry P\'erot (FP) cavities. With special annealing techniques, an even higher $Q$ of 3$\times 10^{11}$ has been demonstrated~\cite{savchenkov_opex2007}. The wide transparency window of a crystalline WGMR mitigates the need for expensive mirror-coating runs and facilitates use of a single cavity at multiple wavelengths, while their compact size and robustness to mechanical vibrations makes them well suited for applications requiring portable high-performance lasers.

Impressive gains to laser linewidths and short-term stability have already been achieved using WGMRs. Linewidths of 13~kHz were demonstrated with a resonator acting as a transmission filter in a fiber laser cavity~\cite{sprenger_optlett2010}, and a 200~Hz linewidth was achieved through injection locking to a WGMR~\cite{liang_optlett2010}. When employed as an external frequency reference cavity, crystalline resonators have delivered Allan deviations of 6$\times 10^{-14}$ at 100~ms~\cite{alnis_pra2011}.

Frequency stability of WGMR reference cavities is limited by the fact that, in contrast to an FP resonator, the light travels in a solid medium. At short time scales, thermorefractive noise defines the limit and has been analyzed theoretically~\cite{savchenkov_josab2007,chijioke_pra2012} and measured experimentally~\cite{gorodetsky_josab2004}. At longer time scales, stability is limited by temperature changes in and around the resonator. These changes pull the frequency both through thermorefraction and thermal expansion, though the latter dominates in the common resonator host crystals magnesium fluoride and calcium fluoride. Ultra-low expansion (ULE) glasses have thermal expansion coefficients about three orders of magnitude lower than common optical crystals, but their poor transmission qualities preclude their use as a WGMR material.

Recently, dual-mode temperature stabilization schemes have been investigated as a means to address this heavy dependence of frequency upon temperature~\cite{strekalov_optexpr2011,baumgartel_cleo2012,fescenko_opex2012,delhaye_cleo2012}. In such schemes, the frequency spacing between modes with different \emph{temperature coefficients (tempcos)} of frequency provides an extremely sensitive measurement of the mode volume temperature and facilitates active stabilization thereof. Mode volume temperature instabilities less than 10~nK have been demonstrated~\cite{strekalov_optexpr2011,baumgartel_cleo2012}. But the WGMR represents a complex thermal system with several different sources, sinks and the resulting gradients. We find that a highly stabilized mode volume temperature does not guarantee frequency stability, a finding also suggested by other recent work~\cite{fescenko_opex2012}.

Here, we investigate how the relative strengths of various heat sources affect the temperature distribution in the resonator. By performing numerical modeling, and measuring the locked laser's frequency change as a function of various thermal parameters, we gain an understanding of the mechanisms limiting performance and the steps necessary for their mitigation. In particular, we find that the dual-mode technique leads to unstable temperature gradients in the resonator that pull the frequency through thermal strain. Despite these limitations, the technique reduces the effective temperature coefficient of the WGMR reference cavity by more than an order-of-magnitude -- from 8.88$\times 10^{-6}$~K$^{-1}$ to 1.33$\times 10^{-7}$~K$^{-1}$. We achieve an optical frequency instability of 1.29$\times10^{-12}$ at one second, and a long-term drift of 21~kHz/hr.

\section{Dual-mode stabilization}
As described in detail previously~\cite{strekalov_optexpr2011}, the thermorefractive coefficients of orthogonally polarized modes in a birefringent resonator are significantly different. Therefore, the frequency spacing between ordinary and extraordinary modes depends heavily upon temperature. The dependence is given by $d(\Delta f)/dT=-f_0(\alpha_n^{(o)}-\alpha_n^{(e)})$, where $\alpha_n^{(o,e)}$ are the thermorefractive coefficients of the ordinary and extraordinary polarizations, and $f_0$ is the optical carrier frequency. For magnesium fluoride (MgF$_2$) at our experimental temperature of 40~$^{\circ}$C and $f_0=c/$1560 nm, the differential tempco is 67~MHz/K. With a multi-mode resonator such as this, one can easily identify an appropriate pair of modes with spacing in the tens-of-megahertz range because, for each polarization, there are several tens of high-$Q$ modes within the free spectral range of 10.6~GHz. With the narrow linewidths in a MgF$_2$ resonator, a frequency spacing measurement on the Hz level is readily achieved, yielding nK sensitivity.

\begin{figure}[ht!]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=13cm]{experiment_2c.eps}
\caption{The experimental setup. (a) Schematic of the optical system and stabilization loops. Each proportional-integrator (PI) loop has both a slow and fast actuation branch. Polarization controller (PC) allows for control of excitation ratio between the two modes. (b) Photo of the resonator-TEM assembly. (c) Scope traces of the detector and PDH error signals as the laser is swept over the orthogonal mode pair; modulation frequency is 1~MHz.}
\label{experiment_2c}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Experimental setup}
Our implementation of the dual-mode stabilization scheme is shown in Fig.~\ref{experiment_2c} and described as follows. A narrow linewidth fiber laser is coupled via an angle-polished fiber~\cite{ilchenko_optlett1999} into 3.25~mm radius, z-cut resonator made from excimer-grade MgF$_2$. Mode linewidths are in the range of 40-80 kHz, corresponding to quality factors of 2.4-4.8$\times$10$^9$, depending on the mode order, polarization, and loading conditions. Laser light passes first through an acousto-optic modulator (AOM), and then an electro-optic phase modulator (EOM), before being coupled into the cavity at a polarization angle that can excite both modes. Two modulation frequencies are applied at the EOM: a 1~MHz signal for generation of Pound-Drever-Hall error signals~\cite{drever_japb1983}, and a second signal at the frequency spacing $\Delta f$ between a chosen pair of orthogonal modes. Thus, the laser is frequency locked to the ordinary mode, while the modulation sideband coincides with the extraordinary mode, providing an error signal for temperature stabilization. For these experiments, the error signal has a noise-limited temperature discriminant of 140 nK~Hz$^{-1/2}$. Thermal feedback (unity gain bandwidth $\approx$1~Hz) to the resonator is provided by a $4\times 4$~mm$^2$ thermoelectric module (TEM) glued directly to the disc; an optional fast thermal loop actuates on the in-coupled laser intensity via the AOM. The resonator-TEM assembly is mounted in a small ($2.5\times 2.5\times 2.5$~cm$^3$) brass "oven," whose temperature is measured with a thermistor and stabilized by feeding back to a resistive heater.

The stability of the resonator coupling is critical to the frequency stabilization and its practical use, so we paid special attention to the fiber coupler mounting scheme. The small oven in which the resonator is mounted has a base that is machined from a single block of brass. It has a flexure arm where the fiber coupler is attached. Initial alignment of the fiber coupler is performed with a 3D piezo stage, after which the fiber is glued to the arm. A micro screw is used on the flexure arm for subsequent small gap adjustments. This mounting scheme provides stable operation for periods as long as months without any need for adjustment and with no noticeable change in the coupling condition.

The oven-resonator-coupler setup is placed in a cylindrical vacuum chamber that is evacuated to the milli-torr level. Temperature of the vacuum canister itself is not actively controlled. Use of the vacuum chamber eliminates convective heat transfer and provides isolation from changes in atmospheric pressure and humidity.

We measure and characterize the system by examining the in-loop error signals and by
measuring the beatnote between the locked laser and a self-referenced frequency comb. The comb is stabilized to a hydrogen maser that has a fractional instability less than 1$\times 10^{-13}~\tau^{-1/2}$ from 1 to 10,000~s.

\subsection{Simulation}
The dual-mode stabilized resonator system has complex thermal properties and dynamics. To understand the various factors influencing mode volume temperature, as well as the overall thermal distributions in the resonator, finite element method (FEM) modeling proves useful. Two-dimensional, axially symmetric modeling of the resonator-TEM assembly is performed using a commercial FEM package (COMSOL). Material properties are taken from the manufacturer datasheets or material property databases; model geometries are based as closely as possible on the physical system. Screenshots of the FEM model are shown in Fig.~\ref{sim}.

The objective is to determine the frequency stability of a WGMR whose mode volume temperature is stabilized to the nK level via the dual-mode technique. Our model accounts for the following heat transfer mechanisms: radiative coupling between resonator and oven, optical heating of the mode volume, heat pumped into/out of the resonator by the thermoelectric effect, and thermal conduction through the TEM. (We assume convective transfer is negligible in the vacuum chamber.) Here, we are primarily concerned with dynamics within the TEM feedback bandwidth, i.e., those with times-scales $>$1~s. We calculate the thermally-induced strains on the resonator's radius $r$ and how they pull the frequency through $\Delta f/f_0=-\Delta r/r$. The model does not account for thermorefraction because the mode volume temperature is taken to be stable, as indicated by the residual error signal of the temperature stabilization loop.

Radiative heat transfer between one body completely enveloped by another can be estimated as~\cite{schmidt_1966}
\begin{equation}
\label{q_rad}
q_{rad}=\frac{\sigma}{1/\epsilon_1+A_1/A_2(1/\epsilon_2-1)}\left(T_1^4-T_2^4\right),
\end{equation}
where $\epsilon$ is the emissivity, $A$ the area, $T$ the temperature, the subscripts indicate inner (1) and outer (2) bodies, and $\sigma$ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant. For various values of temperature difference between resonator and enclosure, $q_{rad}$ is calculated using Eq.~\eqref{q_rad} and then applied as a boundary condition on the resonator surface.

Laser light circulating in the mode is converted to heat through material absorption. For a laser locked on resonance (zero detuning), the heat generated by this absorption can be estimated through~\cite{carmon_optexpr2004}
\begin{equation}
q_{laser}=I\eta \frac{Q}{Q_{abs}}
\label{q_laser}
\end{equation}
where $I$ is the input laser power, $\eta$ is the coupling efficiency, and $Q$ ($Q_{abs}$) are the observed (absorption limited) quality factors. This heat is included in the model as a volume heat source (units of J/m$^3$) applied to the mode volume (region shown in pink in Fig.~\ref{sim}(a)). The mode volume cross-sectional shape is an ellipse with major (minor) axes of 20 (10) $\mu$m, which approximates the distribution of the fundamental mode as calculated by a separate, full vectorial FEM simulation as described in~\cite{grudinin_josab2012}.

Heat generated in the TEM ($q_{TEM}$) is modeled as a volume source distributed over the top alumina plate. The bottom of the TEM is held at the enclosure temperature. Thus, we can model how the three heat sources $q_{rad}$, $q_{laser}$, and $q_{TEM}$ contribute to the mode volume temperature. An initial steady-state solution is found assuming reasonable values of in-coupled laser power, with $q_{TEM}=q_{rad}=0$, yielding values of disc radius and mode volume temperature. The dual mode condition is simulated by demanding that subsequent changes in $q_{rad}$ or $q_{laser}$ are compensated for by a change in $q_{TEM}$, maintaining the mode volume temperature at its initial value. The resulting strains (changes in radius) are converted to frequency, allowing us to model how a change in enclosure temperature or laser intensity that occurs while the dual-mode loops are closed will affect the frequency of the resonator.

\section{Results}
The dual-mode scheme measures and stabilizes the temperature in the region occupied by the optical modes. Our loop guarantees that any uncontrolled (out-of-loop) change in thermal transport parameters will result in a compensating change in the level of thermal feedback actuation. As the relative strengths of these thermal parameters changes, the system moves along lines of constant mode volume temperature. These isotherms do not, however, represent lines of constant resonance frequency because the central portion of the resonator changes temperature and expands/contracts. The isotherm slope, i.e., the ratio of change in optical frequency to the change in a system parameter, represents an effective coefficient of frequency.

\subsection{Environmental temperature dependence}
We simulated the dual-mode resonator's effective tempco by solving the FEM model for various temperature differences between resonator and enclosure ($T_1$ and $T_2$ in Eq. \eqref{q_rad}). The condition $T_1=T_2$ means the average resonator temperature is in equilibrium with the oven and represents the instant at which the dual-mode loops are closed. This $q_{rad}=0$ situation is solved first. Next, a small drift in $T_2$ is imposed, $q_{rad}$ is calculated, applied as a boundary condition on the resonator, and the necessary value of $q_{TEM}$ needed to return the mode-volume temperature to its initial value is found -- this represents the feedback action of the dual-mode loop.

\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.55\linewidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=7.4cm]{fem_model.eps}
\end{minipage}
\hspace{0.3cm}
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.4\linewidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=5.3cm]{fem_results.eps}
\end{minipage}
\caption{FEM simulation. (a) Model setup showing the mesh, materials, a detail of the mode volume (pink region), and the line along which temperature and strain are plotted (dashed orange). BiTe: bismuth telluride. (b) Temperature map results showing how different gradients exist for different relative strengths of heat sources. Plots  of temperature (c) and radial deformation (d) along the disc radius for $T_2=T_1$ (solid red) and $T_2=T_1+50$~mK (dashed blue), showing how the latter distribution is cooler in the center, contracting the disc radius by $\approx$6~pm.}
\label{sim}
\end{figure}

The result is illustrated in Fig.~\ref{sim}(b), where the different thermal distribution resulting from a change in enclosure temperature is clearly visible. At $T_2=T_1$, no radiative heating of the disc occurs; the gradient forms as optically-generated heat is conducted out through the TEM. If the oven temperature drifts up by 50~mK, radiation additionally heats the top and outer portion of the disc. Maintaining the mode volume temperature -- out to the nK digit in these simulations -- requires that the TEM cool the central-bottom portion of the resonator, contracting it and increasing the common-mode optical frequency. The plots in Fig.~\ref{sim} show the calculated distribution of temperature (c) and deformation (d) along the dashed orange radial line in (a). The temperature distribution is normalized to the mode volume temperature ($T_{Vm}$), and the difference in strains at the endpoint ($R=3.25$~mm) yields the frequency shift. The calculated shift was found to be linear across five values of oven temperature drift spanning half a degree. A linear fit to these simulated data yields an effective tempco of 6.9~kHz/mK, corresponding to a fractional coefficient of 3.6~$\times 10^{-8}$~K$^{-1}$. We note that these values are comparable to the linear thermal expansion coefficients of common ULE glasses.

The effective tempco was also measured experimentally. With the laser locked and the dual-mode stabilization loops engaged, we increased the setpoint on the oven's temperature controller in 12 mK steps every 360 seconds (eventually returning it to its initial value). The TEM current (converted to heat via values on the TEM's datasheet), locked laser's optical frequency, and in-loop temperature error signal were simultaneously recorded during the run, and are presented in Fig.~\ref{encl}. In agreement with the simulation, increased radiative heating of the disc results in compensatory cooling from the TEM, leaving the mode volume temperature the same but the optical frequency higher. A linear fit of the optical frequency as a function of change in enclosure temperature gives an effective tempco, with the experimental value being 25.5~kHz/mK. The magnitude of this value is 67 times less than the thermal-expansion determined tempco of -1.71~MHz/mK, and it corresponds to a fractional coefficient of 1.33$\times$10$^{-7}$~K$^{-1}$.

\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.5\linewidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=7cm]{encl_exp.eps}
\end{minipage}
\hspace{0.3cm}
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.47\linewidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=6.1cm]{encl_iso.eps}
\end{minipage}
\caption{Effect of environmental temperature: Time series (a) showing shift in optical frequency ($\Delta f_{opt}$) and heat delivered to the resonator by the TEM as enclosure temperature changes in 12~mK steps. Inset shows mode volume temperature from the in-loop error signal; aside from spikes at the temperature steps, it remains extremely stable. The multi-dimensional relationship between parameters is shown in (b). $T_2-T_1$ is the drift in enclosure temperature. Triangles are data from (a) averaged over 360 s bins. The isotherm is a fit to these data (solid blue line), while the slope of its projection onto the temperature-frequency axis (dashed red line) yields the effective frequency coefficient of 25.5~kHz/mK.}
\label{encl}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Circulating power dependence}
Despite MgF$_2$'s extremely high transmission at 1560~nm, absorbed optical power is constantly converted to heat in the mode volume. Thus, changes in circulating optical power will destabilize the optical frequency at any time scale. Here, we investigate the effect of slow (within the TEM loop bandwidth) circulating power changes. These slower changes may be harder to control since they result from drifts in polarization or coupling strength, while faster fluctuations are in principle corrected for by the intensity branch of the dual-mode loop. Similar to the case of environmental temperature, we find a multi-parameter dynamic whereby a change in circulating power results in a change in TEM correction signal, thermal gradient, and resonator frequency.

Using the same FEM model described above, we calculated the frequency shift as a function of change in circulating optical power. For these simulations $q_{rad}$ was kept at zero. Heat was allowed to leave the resonator radiatively through its surface (to a boundary at infinity) and via conduction through the TEM. For a given change in circulating power, the resulting change in $q_{TEM}$ necessary to maintain the mode volume, change in thermal gradient, and shift in frequency was calculated. Using Eq.~\eqref{q_laser} and reasonable values of $I=100~\mu$W at the coupler, $\eta=0.07$, and that the disc's quality factor is absorption limited, the simulations suggest that a 5\% reduction in laser power will yield a frequency shift of -103~kHz.

An experimental measurement of this isotherm slope was also made. With the laser intensity branch of the thermal loop open, we changed the optical power sent to the resonator by varying the amount of light transmitted through the AOM. In agreement with the simulations, a decrease in circulating power causes an increase in TEM heating to maintain the mode volume temperature. The new thermal gradient is warmer in the disc center, increasing $r$ and decreasing the optical frequency. The experimentally measured frequency pulling was -15~kHz for a 5\% reduction in intensity, corresponding to an effective coefficient of 43~kHz/$\mu$W of circulating optical power. Based on this result, a stability of $\sim$47~pW would be needed to reach a benchmark fractional frequency instability of $10^{-14}$. This requirement on laser intensity stabilization is a readily achieved 7~ppm, however we stress that the requirement is on circulating power, so coupling strength and polarization angle (which changes the power ratio between modes) also require ppm-level stability.

The discrepancy between simulated and experimentally determined temperature coefficients
results from the heavy dependence on setup details such as boundary conditions at the domain
interfaces and values of material properties; assumptions made in using Eqs. (1) and (2)
could also lead to errors. Experimentally, it is difficult to isolate a single variable as can be
done with simulation, so various other destabilizing factors can play a role. However, the simulations
and experiments agree very well qualitatively, provide meaningful insight, and
with refinement could agree quantitatively as well.

\subsection{Dual-mode frequency stability}
To evaluate the performance gained from the dual-mode temperature stabilization technique, we made optical comparisons to a frequency comb. After the AOM, a portion of the stabilized laser light was picked off and beat on a photodiode with a bandpass-filtered span of the comb. For several thousand seconds, the beatnote was counted with 10~ms gate times. Results of two typical data runs are shown in Fig.~\ref{results}. The lowest instability of 1.29$\times$10$^{-12}$ was reached at 700~ms, while a linear fit to the 6000 second time-series frequency excursions has a slope of 21~kHz/hr.

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.9\linewidth]{results3.eps}
\caption{Overlapping Allan deviation of a laser locked to the WGMR cavity, as compared to the frequency comb, under nominally identical conditions except that the dual-mode loop is closed (blue triangles) or open (red circles). Significant improvement is observed for time scales $>$ 100~ms. Inset: Time sequences of the data run showing frequency excursions for the dual-mode (blue, left scale) and free-running (red, right scale) resonator, showing periodic oscillation from the enclosure's analog temperature controller.}
\label{results}
\end{figure}

In Fig.~\ref{results}, we show data for both the dual-mode stabilized and ``free-running'' resonator, where the latter configuration is identical except that the temperature feedback loop is open. Stabilities below 0.1 s are identical since the dual-mode locking loop has little or no gain at the corresponding frequencies. The bump just below 0.1 s has unknown origin but is likely due to laser noises. Above 0.1 s the free running system drifts linearly with time. The dual-mode system reaches the stability floor at 1 s and then starts a random walk with time largely due to temperature gradient variation as discussed in section 3.1.

Because of these gradient effects, the effective tempco is not completely eliminated. Overall frequency stability of our dual-mode setup therefore remains limited by temperature fluctuations of the brass oven in which the resonator is mounted. An analog servo controls the oven's temperature, and the loop oscillates with a period of $\approx$2000 s. The amplitude of the oven's temperature oscillations is 2-3 mK, consistent with the frequency excursions seen in the inset of Fig.~\ref{results} for both the free running and dual-mode tempcos of -1.71 MHz/mK and 25.5 kHz/mK, respectively.  However, Fig.~\ref{results} demonstrates that for a given environmental instability, the dual-mode loop yields improvements of more than an order of magnitude within the dual-mode bandwidth, i.e. for $\tau >$1~s.

Frequency drifts caused by changes in laser power or coupling conditions remain below the limit set by environmental instabilities in our setup. Therefore, better temperature stabilization of the oven would yield better overall performance. To achieve an even higher frequency stability, temperature gradient effects must be reduced. Nevertheless, the experimentally determined effective dual-mode tempco is less than an order of magnitude larger than that of ULE cavities, and although our efforts to stabilize the environmental temperature are modest, the long-term drift rate of 21 kHz/hr is among the best stability results achieved with a whispering gallery mode reference cavity.

\section{Conclusion}
We have investigated the frequency stability of a laser locked to a dual-mode WGMR reference cavity. Because the temperature distribution in the resonator depends on several thermal parameters simultaneously, we find that a precisely stabilized mode volume temperature does not guarantee corresponding frequency stability. Nonetheless, we calculate that the dual mode technique can reduce the temperature coefficient to 3.6$\times10^{-8}$~K$^{-1}$, comparable to the linear coefficient of ULE. In addition to environmental temperature, the level of circulating optical power also plays a significant roll. We experimentally demonstrate a reduction of temperature coefficient to 1.33$\times10^{-7}$~K$^{-1}$, a frequency instability at one second of 1.29$\times$10$^{-12}$, and a drift of 21~kHz/hr over long time periods. These results represent progress towards using WGMRs as optical references for frequency metrology applications by partially suppressing the high temperature dependence of WGMRs, thus relaxing the requirement on environmental stability.

\section*{Acknowledgements}
This work was carried out at Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract from NASA. The authors thank D. Strekalov, I.S. Grudinin, and D. Aveline for discussions and contributions to the experimental setup.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
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Things To Keep In Mind Before Investing In Gemstones
By Abhijita Kulshreshtha
You're reading Entrepreneur India, an international franchise of Entrepreneur Media.
A certified Gem Professional and NLP Practioner, Abijita talks about the necessary requisites to pursue a business dealing with precious stones and gems.
It is a common pursuit to try and make money earned, to work harder and yield handsome returns; be it by way of asset creation – immovable property, land etc, or buying gold or by investing in attractive stock options and mutual funds. There is an old adage that goes – "Christians put their trust in words, Jews in precious stones, and pagans in herbs" and there is no doubting who the frontrunner in creating wealth is!
Gemstones have been a preferred way of squeezing a large pile of cash into the most compact asset that can be carried in a pocket—a veritable asset whose value has only increased going by the historical data. Historical values of colored gemstones suggest an exponential increase in value. While diamonds have been marketed well and have become a well known investment proposition, colored gemstones are relatively lesser known but pack in more punch than the sparkly diamonds, their gravity defying per carat sale values overshooting diamonds by several notches. Just to cite an example, an unheated Burmese Ruby of 8.62 carats sold for $3.62 million at Christie's in 2006 and set a new world record price for an unheated Burma ruby at $420,000 per carat!
Even though this is BIG number, from where collector's grade gems trade at, natural gemstones offer a handsome investing opportunity for many.
Is investing in gemstones an option for you?
A gemstone that is at least above 2 carats of weight is a contender for the investment category and must command a market value of over $3000. It has to have the rarity factor soundly addressed in order to be able to guarantee handsome returns over a period of time.
Precious gemstones are a very attractive investment option if one is a connoisseur or are an aesthete with a taste for finer things. It appears to be the best option especially when tremors in any of the areas - fluctuating value of dollar, Real estate, Precious metals, Bonds and mutual funds - gives you the jitters. Gemstones are a product of nature that takes hundreds of millions of years to form – it is not a created-on-demand product but a rare, precious, durable and incredibly beautiful one that promises wealth, fortune ownership and a notional gain as well (usually an outcome of owning jewels, expensive art etc.)
What one needs to know?
One has to be an extremely aware and astute buyer when it comes to purchasing of gemstones, especially of the really expensive variety.
Buying from a trusted vendor is the first step and it should be backed with running checks on credentials and history. Establishments with brick and mortar offices reaffirm faith of the buyer in a big way.
A fair knowledge of gemstones – itself is a big advantage.
Independent lab certifications – from reputed gem labs can ensure in a big way that one is getting one's money's worth – natural precious gems.
A gemstone chosen for buying should be fairly rare – while emeralds, rubies and sapphires easily fall in this category, many semi-precious gemstones like amethyst, citrine, garnet etc. are available more widely, command a relatively lesser price and therefore may not be investment worthy
Wherever there is big money or profits, there are equally big chances of fraudsters lurking around, waiting for a quick fortune! Only natural, treatment free gemstones qualify for being investment grade gemstone. Treated gemstones, synthetic gemstones and imitations are often sold by attaching myths or alluring sobriquets. For instance, a water sapphire is an Iolite. It is not a blue sapphire! "Evening emerald' is a peridot and not an emerald! Risk is proportional to return and even though gemstones offer high returns, they are also risky investment unless and until, there is guidance from expert gemologists!
The Best Entrepreneurs Are Experts at Self-Improvement. Here's How to Master That Skill.
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رحیم يار خان - اردو میں پڑھیںDisclaimer: As an encyclopedia, pakpedia.pk's articles contains shared information which has collected from different websites, all references are mentioned bellow.
Rahim Yar Khan (Punjabi:رحیم یار خان) is a city in Punjab province of Pakistan. It is the capital of Rahim Yar Khan District and of Rahim Yar Khan Tehsil. The administration of the city is subdivided into nine Union councils. According to the 1998 census, the city population was 233,537 with an annual growth rate of 3.50%. In 2009, it was around 1,900,000. The area of Rahim Yar Khan City is about 89 km². Rahim Yar Khan is bounded on the east by Bahawalpur district, on the south by Jasilmir (India) and Ghotki district of Sindh province and on the west by Rajanpur district. Punjab, - Pakistan Although the city is far away from the cities of Karachi and Lahore but it is connected to the rest of Pakistan by air, railway and modern road network. The city is accessible through National Highway N-5. The city is home to an international airport; Sheikh Zayed International Airport. The airport is undergoing a feasibility study for renovation and expansion. These are 8637 shops.
Sheikh Zayed Medical College is named after the Late Ruler of United Arab Emirates His Highness Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan. Establishment of Sheikh Zayed Medical College in the city has put the city on International map. The College is accredited by Pakistan Medical and Dental Council. It was earlier based on Self finance Education Scheme. The Board of Directors includes personnel linked to the Royal Family of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Education - Education Also there is sub-campus of Islamia University Bahawalpur, Khawaja Farid Post-Graduate Government College, Government Women Degree College, Nicaas College, Punjab College, Superior College, Sheikh Zayed Public College and School, Army Public School, Beacon House School System, The Educators School, Ranger Public School, City School and many other good schools.
Liaqat Campus near to Khwaja Fareed college, teaching Computer Science and Management Science.
Jinah Campus, 2 km away near Hafiz colony, teaching Education and Commerce. Additionally, there is the Sheikh Zayed Medical College & Hospital.
The city has many tourist and recreational spots which include children parks, family parks, desert stretches, historical sights, zoos etc. City Park is a small park in the heart of the city. It has attractions like swimming pools, skating rink, a giant ferris wheel, and many thrilling and exciting rides . H. H. Sh. Khalifa family park is situated in the outskirts of the city about 11 km from city center. The park is blessed with children's play area, green grounds and exotic plants. The park was built in the honour of Sh. Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, prince of UAE. There are many newly built family parks in every major residential area.The city has a zoo at Tibi Larran, spread over an area of 25 acres (10 ha) home to about 350 animals and 65 species of animals and birds. The zoo is undergoing a major multi-million expansion and upgradation to rub shoulders with modern zoos around the world. The zoo is home to many species of peacocks, Asiatic lion, deer, buck There lies a well known historical site named Pattan Minara, a minaret which dates back to ancients Indus Valley Civilization. There was a city settled on the bank of ancient Hakra River, a tributary of the Sarasvati River in India. The remnants of the Indus valley civilization can still be seen today.In summer after the rain, people flock from the city to the nearby desert. In rainy days the desert is teeming with people. Sand boarding is very popular among young boys and girls. Dune driving is also very charming. All the year, the desert is full of activities like hunting, dune climbing, night stay, camping, racing, biking, jeeping etc., The city regularly receives visitors from Arab Countries, especially UAE, mostly from the royal family, who come here every year to enjoy the hunting of Ducks and birds. There are many palaces of royal family built in the city as well as two private airports along with private roads from airports to their palaces.


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Visitors To The 23rd Abu Dhabi International Book Fair Have Chance To See The Oldest Kaaba Cover From Time Of Suleiman The Magnificent
UAE Today
Visitors to the 23rd Abu Dhabi International Book Fair (ADIBF) have been given the opportunity to view the oldest known Kaaba cover to have ever been on public display. Known as a Kiswah, this artistically embroidered fabric that ceremonially covers the Kaaba before the holy season of Hajj was sent to Mecca by the most famous of the Ottoman Sultans, Suleiman the Magnificent nearly 500 years ago.
This magnificent exhibit was brought to ADIBF 2013 by specialist Austrian firm INLIBRIS who are dedicated to the preservation of ancient manuscripts and exhibits.
The Kiswah of the Kaaba, which still maintains its beautiful condition after 470 years, is a testament to the very best of Islamic Art. It is seen as the highest honour bestowed on any Muslim head of state to provide the cover for the Kaaba which is the focal point of all Muslim prayer for more than 1400 years.
Commenting on their exhibiting of the Kiswa at ADIBF, Mr. Hugo Wetscherek, owner of INLIBRIS said: "Our Kiswah is the same in every iconographic detail with a counterpart that can be found at the famous Topkapi Palace in Istanbul. Both the name of Sultan Suleiman and the year 950 in the Islamic Calendar are stated in the splendid calligraphy, and the date is confirmed by carbon dating technology.
"The fact that both the name of the Sultan and the date were included in the embroidery makes them a historical document. No earlier example of a Kiswah is recorded and we believe that no Kiswah pre-dating ours is known at all."
Sultan Suleiman I, or the Magnificent, was one of the most prominent patrons of the Islamic arts and literature at the prime of the Ottoman Empire. He commissioned the best weavers in Turkey at the time to weave this Kiswah. At the time, Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent wanted this Kiswah to be a pride for all Muslims and a testament to the golden age of the Ottoman Empire for all the Muslims who undertake a pilgrimage to the Kaaba from all over the world.
ADIBF is the only place where this very rare exhibit has so far been displayed to the public and it proved a highly popular attraction for the tens of thousands of visitors to the Book Fair. Its presence has reinforced the growing significance of Abu Dhabi as one of the most sought after destinations for Islamic antiquities and arts and a rapidly developing international centre for culture.
ADIBF 2013 has been organised by the Abu Dhabi Tourism and Culture Authority (TCA Abu Dhabi).
Vorheriger Beitrag: 500-year-old Kaaba cover highlight of the Abu Dhabi Book Fair
Nächster Beitrag: Mahler als Frauenheld entlarvt!


the newly completed Uptown Residences at Damansara Uptown for rent. This 4+ 1-bedroom fully-furnished suites is beautiful in its modern design and provide a comfortable living home for a couple or small family. The open-plan kitchen is gorgeous with huge space and long marble table top so you can enjoy preparing your meal with ease. The master bathroom also comes with a bathtub. All you need is to bring your luggage to move-in.


text:
In the Aug. 13 New York Review of Books, Christopher Browning [aet. 71], formerly of Pacific Lutheran University in Tacoma and now at UNC Chapel Hill, reviews Europe on Trial, a recent indictment of European fecklessness before, during, and immediately after World War II by István Deák [aet. 79]. -- Deák is a frequent contributor to the NYR and anything but an objective observer of the events he writes about: born in Hungary in 1928, his life was thoroughly disrupted by World War II and its aftermath. -- Europeans, Deák argues (and Browning agrees), do not see World War II as the "last 'good war.'" -- It was, rather, a "morass" in which it is hard to say that principles of justice triumphed very often. -- "World War II provided the opportunity for virtually every state to increase ethnic homogeneity by ridding itself of unwanted minorities."[1] -- Despite a few minor criticisms, Browning praises Deák's 250-page book as "a sweeping survey of some of the bleakest aspects of a bleak period in European history," one that "dispenses with comforting national myths and unexamined assumptions of national virtue. World War II was, [Deák] writes, 'one of the greatest tragedies that humans ever brought upon themselves,' in which 'compassion and good will were two qualities in short supply.'" -- COMMENT: That seems a fair assessment, but doubt is permitted whether Browning is right, in the final sentence of his review, to endorse Deák's celebration of "the remarkable transformation that has subsequently led to 'a new, unified, and better Europe,'" since a rising populism in virtually every European country criticizes today's Europe as under the thumb of a dictatorial bureaucracy that lacks democratic legitimacy. -- To many, it appears that Europe is failing again, devoted chiefly to the Euro and globalization-fueled corporate profits that promote social inequality while distorting the social fabrics of European nations beyond recognition, often rending them irreparably....
Written by Henry Adams
Samuel Moyn, a former student of Hayden White who is now a professor of "law and history" at Harvard, recently reviewed some of the latest skirmishes in the longstanding struggle to determine the proper role of narrative in history. -- Among other things, he put Bill Gates, with his half-baked ideas about how "big history" should be taught, in his place: "Apart from the fact that Gates's scientism sacrifices the critical perspective that humanists have learned to maintain since their disastrous nineteenth-century dalliance with biology and other natural sciences, the trouble with massive expansions of the time line, even just to the totality of human history, is simple: it forces historians to become scientists, effectively converting their discipline into what is already somebody else's job. -- Gates's big historians already exist: they are called physicists."[1] ...
In a stinging indictment of the British defense establishment that takes the guise of a London Review of Books book review of four recent books about the war in Afghanistan, James Meek writes that at some point in the 20th century "[t]he goal of the British military establishment became to ingratiate itself with its U.S. counterpart not for the sake of British interests but for the sake of British military prestige."[1] -- In addition, British generals engaged in "the delusional exaggeration of British military capabilities." -- Inevitably, Meek writes, "at some point the desire to impress the Pentagon by using the Pentagon's own resources as cover for Britain's relatively low-budget military would conflict with America's own interests, and end up damaging Britain's military reputation more in Washington's eyes than if the MoD hadn't puffed itself up in the first place." -- Meek explains that the British Ministry of Defense put troops in Afghanistan as a way to get out of Iraq without alienating their American ally, then "put the preservation of its long-term budget ahead of the preservation of its soldiers in the field." -- Meek presents the American military as vastly more supple and thoughtful than the British military: "The colonels and brigadiers aren't envious of the American military's budget or its technology so much as the esteem it gives to intellectual analysis, education, and the public discussion of new ideas." -- As for the nature of the Afghan conflict, a fourth book under review disputes the notion that Afghanistan is a nation faced with an "insurgency." -- The fighting there has more the character of "a continuing civil war." -- The politics in Helmland Province are far too "labyrinthine" for foreigners who do not speak the language to figure out. -- Toward the end of his long review, Meek writes: "Afghanistan needs help, encouragement, advice, money. -- It's just that next time we think about military intervention in a foreign country that hasn't attacked us, it might be worth running a thought experiment to work out at exactly which moment, in the many internecine conflicts that have afflicted the British Isles, our forebears would have most benefited from the arrival of 3500 troops and eight helicopters, and for which 'side' those troops would have fought." ...
OBITUARY: 'The eagle flies alone' -- James Emanuel, 1921-2013, expatriate critic and poet
ANALYSIS: US has been fighting 'the wrong war, with the wrong tactics, against the wrong enemy'
ESSAY: The future of reading


Monica and Greg are true citizens of the world – travelers and adventurers with connections throughout (at least) 4 continents. They met while both in Sidney, Australia (where neither of them are from), working in sustainable energy. For their wedding, they decided on another move – to traverse the pond and give it a go in Marin, California (where Monica's family lives). This, of course, was very lucky for me :).
On the big day, their friends and family flew in from all over the world to celebrate with them. Folks flew in from Australia, the UK, even South Africa, and Monica and Greg were excited to see the different pieces of their lives come together in one place. The festivities took place at the lovely Deer Park Villa in Fairfax, where towering redwoods provided a welcome reprieve from the summer heat. Monica and Greg made an effort to include the special people in their lives in the events of the day: Monica's brother officiated the ceremony, and both mothers did a reading. During dinner, their fathers and friends shared emotional and sometimes funny toasts, which told of the incredible paths each of them walked which led them to this day.
After the delicious dinner, of course, there was dancing. And after dancing, everyone lingered until late – making s'mores around the fire pits, drinking drinks, meeting and chatting and catching up. It was a perfect way for Monica and Greg to not only marry each other, but also marry their separate worlds into one.
Congratulations, Monica and Greg! May you never lose your sense of adventure :D.
San Francisco photographer Juniper Spring presents Monica and Greg's Deer Park Villa wedding in Marin, CA.


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Events for 11 May 2019
LAST CHANCE Stéphanie Saadé: The Encounter of the First and Last Particles of Dust
Grey Noise, Unit 24 Alserkal Avenue
Dubai,United Arab Emirates + Google Map
Stéphanie Saadé's second solo show at Grey Noise features a new central work based on the carpet that covered the floor of the room that Saadé occupied as a teenager in her family home. He [...]
The Adventures of Prince Achmed: dir Lotte Reiniger (1926)
Manarat al Saadiyat Abu Dhabi,United Arab Emirates + Google Map
Three years in the making, Lotte Reiniger's beautiful 1926 silhouette animation brings to life magical tales from the Arabian Nights. Made in hand-cut card and manipulated using sheets of lead joined by wires, Reiniger's exquisite [...]
Cría cuervos (Raise Ravens): dir Carlos Saura (1976)
11 May @ 8.00 pm - 10.00 pm
Manarat al Saadiyat Abu Dhabi,United Arab Emirates
A film that melds the personal and the political in a portrait of the legacy of fascism and its effects on a middle-class family. The title derives from the Spanish proverb: "Raise ravens and they'll [...]
Spirited Away: dir Hayao Miyazaki (2001)
Warehouse421, Mina Zayed
Abu Dhabi,United Arab Emirates + Google Map
A surreal Alice in Wonderland-like tale directed by master animator Hayao Miyazaki. During her family's move to the suburbs, a sullen 10-year-old girl wanders into a world ruled by gods, witches, and spirits, and where [...]


Thanks to German Platonovich Vyutkin, President of South Ural State University, and Aleksandr Pavlovich Zayko, Director of College, it is already the second tour this year. 30 best photographers are preparing to the exhibition in Yury Teush photo gallery located in the main building. This exhibition will be dedicated to the 69th anniversary of the university (the 14th of December).
The weather on Saturday brought some surprises to the students. In village Bolshoy Kuyash at 9 o'clock in the morning we were already taking pictures of dawn and repaired temple which was built 200 years ago in honour of Russia's victory over Napoleon. And in the afternoon the students started their climb to the peak Shikhan in Vishnevogorsk which is 150 km from Chelyabinsk. At the top of the peak we were excited by vivacity, such an early dawn and the sounds of the first snow. The students had to have a funny tour over the mountains and to push the bus on the ice slick up to the sharp climb. Though everybody was happy to see the beautiful landscapes.
We would like to offer you to have a look at the beauty of November day which was captured for the future photography exhibition by the following students: Vlada Shvab (group 304), Lena Averyunova (group 304), Svetlana Dvornitsyna (group 304), Irina Druzhkova (group 304), Mikhail Kartyshov (group 104), Karina Lukinskaya (group 204), Irina Sozykova (group 180), Darya Kersheva (group 180), Anna Volkova (group 180), Angelina Chashchikhina (group 204), Natasha Galkina (group 104), Olya Martyushova (group 204), Olga Stepanova (group 204), Ulyana Manturova (group 204), Kristina Laptova (group 104) and Nastya Gorelik (group 104).


text:
Michael J. Barron, Jr.
Michael Barron brings to the law firm of Fletcher & Sippel many years of legal experience, focusing on commercial arbitrations, contract law, real estate law, FRA regulatory law, rail commerce and STB regulatory law, as well as state and local zoning law. He has appeared before the Surface Transportation Board, the Federal Railroad Administration, the Illinois Commerce Commission, the Wisconsin Commissioner of Railroads, as well as state and federal courts in both Illinois and Wisconsin. He has also worked extensively in the state legislative process in Illinois and Wisconsin, assisting legislative bodies and lobbyists in drafting rail-related legislation. In addition, he has worked with communities on rail expansion and construction projects to ensure their support for enhanced rail facilities. He specializes in ICCTA and FRSA preemption issues and in the interaction of rail services and operations with state and local laws.
Michael was born in Oak Park, Illinois. He received his undergraduate degrees from the University of Notre Dame, after which he served in the United States Navy for four years as a Surface Line Officer. Following his military service, Michael attended the University of Michigan where he received his J. D. and Masters of Public Policy Degree. Michael then joined the bankruptcy firm of Hollis and Johnson as an associate, until moving on to work as General Attorney for Wisconsin Central Ltd. When the two companies merged, Michael joined CN and served as Counsel until joining Fletcher & Sippel in 2005.
University of Michigan Law School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Juris Doctorate
Professor James J. White; Research Assistant in Commercial Law and Bankruptcy
University of Michigan Institute of Public Policy Studies, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Master of Public Policy
University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana; BA. in Government and Computer Applications
The Illinois State Bar
The Wisconsin State Bar
US District Court for the Northern District of Illinois
United States Supreme Court
2007: ASLRRA Annual Meeting Presentation: STB Developments
2009: ATLP Conference Presentation: Preemption Update (Presentation published in 4th Quarter 2009 Journal of Transportation, Law, Logistics and Policy)
2009: Regional Railroad Liability Seminar Presentation: Bankruptcy Update
2010: ASLRRA Regional Meeting Presentation: Joint Facility Agreements
2011: ATLP Conference Presentation: Preemption Update


text:
Родриго Фоминс (, также известный под псевдонимом Иго (); род. 29 июня 1962, Лиепая, Латвийская ССР, СССР) — советский и латвийский музыкант, певец, художник, автор текстов большинства песен своего репертуара. Обладатель гран-при 1-го Всесоюзного телевизионного конкурса молодых исполнителей советской эстрадной песни в Юрмале (1986).

Биография
Родился 29 июня 1962 года в Лиепае. Мать Ирина Тире — известная в Латвии художница, фотограф. Сводный брат  — также известный в Латвии рок-музыкант, певец.

Закончил музыкальную школу по классу скрипки, затем продолжил учёбу в Лиепайском музыкальном колледже на вокальном отделении. С детства писал стихи и рисовал.

Начинал свою сценическую карьеру вокалистом латвийских групп Corpus (1978—1980), культовой рок-группы «Līvi» (1980—1984), «Liepājas kvartets» (1983—1985), Remix (1985—1990) и американской «Rīga» (1990—1991).

В 1984 году получил звание «Лучшего солиста» на ежегодном смотре Латвийской музыки.

В 1986 году стал обладателем Гран-при на Первом Всесоюзном конкурсе молодых исполнителей «Юрмала-86» с песнями Раймонда Паулса на слова Яниса Петерса «Как в старинной песне» и Давида Тухманова на слова Семёна Кирсанова «Грибной дождь».

С композицией Раймонда Паулса на слова Ильи Резника «Путь к свету» Фоминс стал лауреатом телевизионного фестиваля песни «Песня года» в 1986 году, а со своей песней «Письма ветра» получил лауреатство и в 1987 году.

В 1986 году завоевал 2-е место и приз зрительских симпатий на международном фестивале «Человек и море» в Ростоке.

В 2015 году был награждён Орденом Трёх Звёзд за заслуги перед Отечеством.

Рок-опера, опера, мюзикл
В 1988 году Родриго Фоминс исполнил главную роль в рок-опере «Лачплесис» () (муз. Зигмара Лиепиньша, либретто Мары Залите).

В 1997 году в Латвийской национальной опере исполнил главную роль Квазимодо в опере «Собор Парижской Богоматери» () (муз. Зигмара Лиепиньша, либретто Каспара Димитерса).

В 1998 году певец исполнил роль Джельсомино в мюзикле Яниса Лусенса (группа «Зодиак») «Приключения Джельсомино в Стране лжецов» ().

В 2000 году спел партию Виктора в опере «Из розы и крови» на музыку Зигмара Лиепиньша, либретто Каспара Димитерса ().

Сольная карьера
В 1990-х музыкант начал сольную карьеру. Сотрудничал с известными латвийскими композиторами: Раймондом Паулсом, Имантсом Калныньшом, Зигмаром Лиепиньшем, Янисом Лусенсом (группа «Зодиак»). С гастрольными концертами певец объездил многие страны, в числе которых Россия, Украина, Белоруссия, Литва, Эстония, Грузия, Армения, Узбекистан, Бельгия, Люксембург, Германия, Австрия, Польша, Греция, Норвегия, Швеция, Финляндия, США.

В январе 1998 года выпустил сборник лучших песен «Таs ir Igo» («Это Иго») в два компакт-диска, и в 1999 году — первый сольный альбом «Bet dzīvē viss ir savādāk…» («В жизни всё иначе…»).

За время творческой деятельности у музыканта выпущено более 10 сольных альбомов (см. Дискографию).

В мае 2000 года Иго попал в крупную автокатастрофу, врачи боролись за жизнь артиста, и после долгой реабилитации певец продолжил концертную деятельность.

Со своим творческим коллективом Иго продолжает гастролировать по всей Латвии. Ежегодно выступает с сольными концертами на лучших сценах страны: «Арена Рига», концертный зал «Дзинтари» и др.

В 2008 году певец отметил 30-летие своей творческой деятельности на сцене «Арена Рига».

В июне 2012 года в Латвии с аншлагами прошли юбилейные концерты Родриго Фоминса, в которых принимали участие композиторы Раймонд Паулс, Зигмар Лиепиньш, Янис Страздс, оперная певица Эвия Мартинсоне, певцы Зигфрид Mуктупавелс (группа «Зодиак»), Андрис Эрглис, Артис Дварионас, музыкант, играющая на латышском народном инструменте кокле, Лайма Янсоне, саксофонист Зинтис Жвартс, группа Remix и др., а также Видземский камерный оркестр под управлением Андриса Вейсманиса.

Через 22 года Родриго Фоминс вернулся в Россию с концертами. Новая программа была представлена в Санкт-Петербурге в феврале и ноябре 2012 года, в Москве — в ноябре 2012 года. В сентябре 2014 года певец вновь посетил Санкт-Петербург с сольным концертом и выставкой своей графики.

Дискография

С группой «Līvi»
 Aprīļa pilieni (LP, 1985)
 Iedomu pilsēta (LP, 1986)
 Iedomu pilsēta / Aprīļa pilieni (CD, 2006)

С группой Remix
 Vēstule (LP, 1987)
 Remix («Поёт Иго») (LP, 1988)
 Pie laika (LP, 1990)
 Remix Gold (CD, 1995, 2005)

С Иевой Акуратере
 Klusums starp mums (LP, 1991, CD, 2003)

Альбомы
 Savādā pasaule (CD, 1997)
 Dželsomīno piedzīvojumi Melu zemē (MC, 1998)
 Tas ir Igo (2 CD, 1998)
 Bet dzīvē viss ir savādāk (CD, 1999)
 Trīs dienas (CD, 2001)
 Kā maigi dzelošs rožu krūms (CD, 2004)
 Mirkļa liecinieks (CD, 2005)
 Spēle (CD, 2008)
 Ieelpots (CD, 2009)
 Igo runā Mihaila Zoščenko stāstus (CD, 2010)
 Uguns (CD, 2010)
 Esmu mājās (CD, 2012)
 Pasaule Ziemassvētku krāsās (CD, 2012)
 Zeme (CD, 2013)

DVD
 «Remix» (2009) — концерт Иго и гр. Remix в зале «Дзинтари»
 «Ieelpots» (2012) — концерт Иго в Доме Черноголовых в Риге

Примечания

Ссылки
 Официальный сайт Иго
 Видеоканал 1, посвященный творчеству Иго, на сервисе видеохостинга YouTube
 Видеоканал 2, посвященный творчеству Иго, на сервисе видеохостинга YouTube
 Страница Иго на Realmusiс
 Фильм-концерт «Юрмала-86»
 Камертон эстрады Родриго Фоминс Журнал Кругозор № 7 1988 год, обл.4
 Интервью с Иго на телеканале «ВОТ» в Санкт-Петербурге
 Интервью «Иго — 38 лет на сцене»
 Рок-опера «Лачплесис» 1988 г.
 Опера «Собор Парижской Богоматери» 1997 г.

Рок-музыканты Латвии

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Tester's Corner: Princess Evangile Ed. Vol 1
By Kouryuu March 30, 2015 March 30, 2015 Tester's Corner
Hello, my name is Xarrias, and this is my first Tester's Corner. When I offered to become a beta tester for MangaGamer, I thought I was prepared for anything. I definitely wasn't prepared for Princess Evangile, a long, high story VN, to be my first job.
While the idea of a boy attending an all girls school is not unique by any means, and could easily be made into a nukige of some sort, Princess Evangile chooses to instead give us something with political intrigue, dark secrets and a protagonist who simply wants to get his footing in a world that has left him with nothing. Even when he's done this, Masaya isn't some kind of womanizer—he's only got eyes for one woman in his life, and there are four potential candidates.
Board games on a stormy night? They know me too well.
Our main heroines are Rise, the granddaughter of the chairwoman of Vincennes, who is very social and energetic. We've also got Masaya's childhood friend, Chiho, an athletic girl who can certainly be a bit aggressive when it comes to romance. Then there are the siblings Ritsuko (reserved and diligent) and Ayaka (irresponsible and carefree), whose mother is the strict headmistress who would love to have you expelled for any reason she can think of. All of them are interesting characters with their own personal issues that you will explore in their routes, although the common route will also touch on some of these and the issues of some of the side characters.
Speaking of the headmistress, I personally found her to be an incredibly compelling antagonist who caused me to feel a wide variety of emotions. A major part of the game's plot is to help reform the school to become a mixed gender school rather than all girls, and Misako is resolutely against this. I wavered between hating her for her clear prejudice and underhanded, even illegal tactics, and sympathizing with her for just how much she loves her school and wants it to remain true to its roots. The conclusion to her story was very satisfying, and I find it hard to be angry with her for her actions.
And then she does something to make you hate her again…
To people who are interested in knowing about what it has in the way of sex scenes, well, I've got good news or bad news, depending on what you want. Each of the four heroines have 5 scenes that will start happening from around halfway through their specific route. Each scene is consensual and relatively vanilla in terms of content. All in all, it makes up a small percentage of the game, which is much more about the story and the characters. If you just want sex, you're going to be disappointed, but if you want a more realistic portrayal of a relationship, drama, and comedy, with a few explicit scenes (that you can elect to fast forward if it isn't your cup of tea), then Princess Evangile has got you covered.
It even has some action… boring indecisive protagonist Masaya is not.
There are a few things about the game I wasn't so much a fan of, but don't detract from the experience. One was the lack of choices, or rather, the meaninglessness of them. Half the choices amount to 'but thou must' style RPG choices that railroad you down one path, and the others require you to consistently choose the same girl to obtain her route, but add nothing to the game. The other is possibly a compliment, but I feel like some of the side characters deserve a route of their own. Thankfully the game doesn't make the other characters disappear when you complete the common route, and the game is plenty long as is, but I feel that not having a route for Tamie, the gluttonous journalist/photographer, and especially Ruriko, the 'innocent' rich girl, is just a missed opportunity. Perhaps a fan disc or an expansion of some sort could rectify this. Ultimately, I really enjoyed my time with Princess Evangile, and I hope that you enjoy it as much as I did!
Perhaps she can make a cameo in School Days?
Tagged moonstone, Princess Evangile.
« Princess Evangile
MangaGamer's April Sale »
"a fan disc or an expansion of some sort could rectify this."
Actually, it was released a fan disc. I really hope Evangile sells enough to justify localizing it. Those extra routes sound delicious.
Xarrias
Likewise! I found out about the fandisc after writing this, and I'd really like to see that get a translation. The way Ruriko is presented in the game, it REALLY feels like she had a route planned initially but they couldn't fit it in initially.
I only had time to read Rise route yet but Ruriko is such a funny girl its really a shame that they didn't give her a route in the original game…
She got me with that line: "I just googled a few keywords of how to steal a man" 😀
But I liked the game so far I hope that the other girls are at least as good as Rise
Nintendo Maniac 64
Uhhh… are you on Mac or something? For science I re-saved your PNG screenshots with Win7 MSpaint as PNG and the filesize was smaller…
That's odd… I'm using Windows 7 and MS Paint as well. Unsure how that happened.
Kirbyknightmare
I hope that the fandisc gets localized I want to see Ruriko(story) and Ritsuko epilogue the other girls too of course
animefan
Sigh, I hate it when VNs, a medium that can do so many interesting things with player choice, do nothing but shove in 'fake' choices to pretend they have interactivity.
Do girls have multiple endings per route at all or is "which girl should I choose" the limit of player interaction?
There's only one ending per girl, unfortunately. If you don't choose every option related to one, you'll get a bad end, but it doesn't do anything special – it pretty much just ends the game. The game could have been a kinetic novel and just had a single choice near the end of the common route for which girl you like the most and it wouldn't change anything.
even if it doesnt get localized those who want a fan disk could appeal to fan translators and have it done. just a thought for the worst case scenario.
Hi MG i want to report bug for Evangile 18+ version that i purchase 2 month ago
the game will crash if you skipping the text and there a annoying pop up(FCFile – open) say like: "PrincessEvangile.system.dat ?????(japanese text) code:1224"
can U make the fix patch please….
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