text:
Catholic peace group in Jaffna details structural genocide to Apostolic Nuncio
The Chairman of Justice and Peace Commission of the Catholic Diocese of Jaffna, Fr. S.V.B Mangalarajah, has written a detailed letter on Friday to the permanent diplomatic representative of the Holy See in Colombo, Most Rev. Dr. Joseph Spiteri, elucidating the structural genocide being carried out by occupying Sri Lanka on the country of Eezham Tamils. The letter comes following the move by the Colombo's colonial regime handing over a report to the Apostolic Nuncio, detailing the so-called development activities carried out in North and East. The JPC Chairman was categoric in his letter that external 'development' cannot substitute the settling of the political solution and urged the Vatican to exert political pressure on Sri Lanka to put forward a political solution framework. The detailed letter summarises the genocidal programme of the Sri Lankan State under 10 topics.
Full text of the letter follows:
External development cannot substitute the settling of the basic unresolved issues of the people in the North and East
Letter to Apostolic Nuncio from the Commission For Justice & Peace of The Catholic Diocese of Jaffna
Greetings to your Excellency from the Commission for Justice and Peace of the Catholic Diocese of Jaffna. I saw in the Catholic Messenger of Sri Lanka dated 22nd September 2013 a news item that on behalf of the. Sri Lankan Government, the Deputy Minister of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Development, Mr. Sarath Kumara Gunaratna handed over to your Excellency a Report of the development activities carried out in the Northern and Eastern Provinces of Sri Lanka.
It is a fact that since the end of the war four years ago a lot of development activities going on with the aid of a number of donor countries. Thus we can see carpet-roads, railway lines, bridges, a number of houses, new and modernised buildings for hospitals, schools and other public utility buildings etc., coming up. In spite of all these developments we along with the people in the North and East have been reiterating right from the beginning that our priority is something else. We want the hitherto unresolved issues to he addressed and settled.
We want the Government to come forward with a solution or proposal package to settle the festering ethnic problem. Prior to this the Government will have to show some substantial and genuine positive signs by resolving the basic unresolved issues. The following are some of the main issues to be addressed:
Accountability for the human rights violations especially during the final stages of the war in 2009
We want the Government to give accountability for the killing of thousands of innocent civilians in the final stages of the war. There are clear evidences from the witnesses who were in the scene of usage of cluster-bombs and even the use or chemical weapons prohibited by international law. Requests for an impartial investigation into these allegations have been repeatedly turned down by the Sri Lankan Government.
There is no trace of the thousands of people alleged to have had some links with the LTTE and surrendered to the Sri Lankan security forces with white flags in front of thousands of people. There are many eye-witnesses who have seen eighty-year old Fr. Francis Joseph who belongs to the Diocese of Jaffna organizing the surrendering operation. Both during the final stages of the war and later on in the camps thousands of people were handed over by their family members, were taken for questioning by the security forces and disappeared since then. Thousands of people taken by white-van for questioning and then unheard of afterwards. There were still many others who have disappeared especially after 2006 when the war escalated including Fr. Jim Brown and his lay-helper who were last sighted in front of the army-sentry-point at Allaipiddy where a number of civilians were killed by the security forces.
It is true that due to mounting pressure from the international community and the forthcoming Commonwealth Conference in Sri Lanka, a Presidential Commission has been appointed to look into the disappearances. There is lot of scepticism as it has been asserted by the responsible authorities that this Commission will have nothing to do with the white-van kidnappings. The Citizens Committee of Mannar under the leadership of Rev. Fr. E. Sebamalai has taken, the initiative to gather the data of the disappearances. Within four days details have been collected of 1800 people who have disappeared. The affected people especially in Kilinochchi and Mullaitivu districts are afraid to turn up as in all the centers where information is gathered there were people who claim to be from the Government Intelligence coming and taking photographs of people who are there. They also are involved in gathering information about the people who are organising this procedure. This had happened earlier also when a lot of people turned up to voice their grievances in the presence of the LLRC Commission.
The case of the five students who were tortured and killed by the STF seven years ago has been taken up due to international pressure. All this time the Government had been trying to protect the culprits. With the resumption of the case the 13 STF men were arrested and remanded. Few days ago they have been granted bail. We have serious doubts as to whether this case will continue till the end. We also doubt whether the case of the shooting and killing of the 15 'Action Fame' aid workers at point blank range by the security forces in 2006 at Muthur in the Trincomallee district will be taken up seriously.
Forced take-over of civilians' lands
In view of the recently concluded Provincial Council elections some of the lands and property (houses) belonging to the civilians in this North have been handed over to the original owners with much publicity. Still 90-95% of the lands forcefully occupied have not been handed over. It is to be noted that 6,381 acres of land in the Valikamarn North (the extent of the entire Valikamam north is 15,206 acres) where there are 24 G.S. divisions is still under the high-security zone. More than 100,000 people who were there are still in the welfare-centers and in the houses of their relatives and friends elsewhere in the Jaffna peninsula and outside. Some have even gone out of the country sometimes risking their lives undertaking dangerous journeys. The majority of the people who were there are Hindus. For the Catholic Church there were three parishes each with many sub-stations and the Church has altogether 55 pieces of lands with deeds where there were Churches, Convents, cemeteries and a number of institutions. The interior part of this occupied land is one of the most fertile red-soil regions of the Jaffna peninsula and at the moment the security forces are making use of this land for farming and even sell the products outside. The coastal area region here used to be one of the best coasts of Sri. Lanka for fishing. Besides, the coastal belt here is noted for its salubrious nature. Earlier some government departments had their circuit-bungalows here for their high-officials who used to come here for holiday and rest. The Catholic Church also had homes for elderly priests and nuns, Now it is observed that the coastal belt here is dotted with newly built houses and bungalows for the high officials in the security forces for their rest and holidays. Hotels are also being built for VIPs. Factories are being built and already a yogurt factory has been built. The hope of the people who were driven out some 25 years ago, to be resettled in their houses and lands is being thwarted.
Elsewhere in Jaffna, Mannar and Mullaitivu we can observe lands and paddy-fields of the civilians have been and are being taken over. Two weeks ago paddy-fields of the people and a land belonging to the Church have been taken over by the Navy at Kilaly to expand their Naval base. In the district of Mullaitivu at Keppapulavu where the original inhabitants were to be resettled, their lands have already been taken over to make room for a new army camp and the people were asked to settle down somewhere else. In the same district at Kokkuthoduvai and in the neihbourhood where the recently resettled people went to restart their agricultural activities in their paddy fields, to their dismay they were sent back by the security forces as their paddy fields had already been divided and given to the Sinhalese families in the neighbouring villages.
In the district of Mannar at Mullikulam a Catholic Village where the people had been living for many generations had been asked to vacate their houses more than two decades ago. When they were leaving they were told that they will be able to come back in a few days time and hence they need not take all their belongings. Their houses are now occupied by the naval personnel and their families. The people of Mullikulam are allowed to settle down some 2 km away from their original village and the Church. The original inhabitants are allowed to come to the Church for the religious services only. The Parish Priest has been allowed to occupy the parish house. At Siruthoppu in the island of Mannar the land belonging to the Catholic Church has been taken over by the Navy to expand their camp. All those acquisitions have been done arbitrarily.
Coercive Population Control
On 31st of August, 2013, women in three coastal area villages in the Kilinochchi district (Valaipadu, Veravil and Kiranchi) were subjected to coercive population control. A substantial number of people in these villages are Catholics. On August 31st over 20 nurses and midwives came from Kilinochchi and went from door to door in these three villages and asked all the young mothers to come to the Veravil district hospital with their children under 5 years. They were transported by ambulances. They had been told to come with the clinic card to weigh their children under 5-years. Upon arrival the doctor and nurses used coercive language and manipulated medical information to convince the women to take Progesteron-only subdermal implants (POSD's) a long-term hormonal birth control inserted under the skin of the women's upper arm. When the women expressed their unwillingness to receive it they were told that in that case they will not be given any other treatment in the hospital in future. They were also threatened that if they refused to comply their husbands would be brought to the hospital so that the procedure could be performed on them. After hearing this a lot of women were compelled to accept. We are having serious doubts about the motive behind this kind of state policies and this may be a method of controlling the population this side. Besides as Catholics we are strongly opposed to this kind of methods of birth control.
The Plight of Political Prisoners
The condition of thousands or Tamil political prisoners including women who are languishing in prisons some for more than 15 years is pathetic. Among other cases there was a case of an elderly woman (69 years old) named Kathaye who was jailed for having given food to some LITE cadres. She was in jail for 19 years. She died in prison in July this year. During the last few years she was suffering from cancer in the spine and she also had developed bed-sores. It had been pointed out on several Occasions that proper medical care was not given to her. In spire of hunger-strikes recommendations and promises for special courts for speed-trials, no action has been taken to release them. Some of them are elderly and sickly.
These prisoners are also very vulnerable as we have noticed on several occasions starting from 1983 where dozens of these prisoners were massacred in the prison itself. Last year we saw an attack on political prisoners at Vavuniya. These prisoners had protested against the transfer of one of their companions to another prison in the South which used to be notorious for the lack of safety for the Tamil prisoners. As a sign of protest they held some of the prison-guards hostage. Those prisoners did not have any arms with them. To end the hostage issue disproportionate use of force including the use of fire-arms was used by a joint operation by the jail-guards and the STF injuring almost all the prisoners. Then the prisoners were transported to Anuradhapura and eventually to Colombo where they were attacked by the jail-guards. In these attacks two young political prisoners Dilruckson and Nimalaruban were killed and a number of them were injured. Sustaining serious injuries and in a coma state in the hospital they were still fastened the bed with chains! The Bishop of Mannar, Rt. Rev. Dr. Rayappu Joseph was denied permission when he wanted to see them. There was no fair inquiry for the whole episode. No justice is meted out to these unfortunate youngsters so far. In the recent verdict a few days ago given by the Supreme Court for a case filed by the parents of Nimalaruban, seeking justice for the torture and killing of their son by the prison guards, it was stated that such a treatment to the prisoners are justified in an operation against terrorism. It is a clear travesty of justice as Nimalaruban was only a suspect and a case against him could not be framed at the time of attack on him. Even when he was injured no proper medical attention was given to him.
Lack of safety for women and girls
Due to the heavy military presence and their unrestrained movements especially in the Vanni region the families with no male support and families with young girls live in constant fear. Of many reported cases we mention only the latest ones. In July 2013 at Pooneryn in Kiiinochchi district a 38 year old married woman with 3 children had gone to the backyard of her house to gather palmyra leaves. There she was sexually abused by somebody in military uniform who had his face covered. Due to heavy bleeding this woman was admitted in the Kilinochchi hospital. An incident of similar nature took place some two years back in Kilinochchi and the people in the neighbourhood caught the soldier involved red-handed and a case was also filed. The progress in the case seems to be very slow. A few months ago at Nedunkerny, also in Vanni, a school-girl was abused and after persistent protests of the villagers the soldier involved was handed over to the police for further action. These types of incidents are not rare.
A recent survey done in the North by an international organisation safeguarding minority rights has come out with the finding that the heavy military presence in the North is one of the reasons of the increase in the cases of abuse of women.
Findings of human-remains
Few months prior to the Provincial Council Election in the North, the security forces vacated some houses and lands in the Jaffna Peninsula belonging to the civilians. When the owners started to clear these places they came across human-remains and skeletons in sonic pits and unused wells. Eg. At Pallappai in Vadamaradchi the house owners found the remains of 17 bodies. In the same manner the people found human skeletal remains at Allaipiddy and Mathakal. It is noted that in Allaipiddy in 2006 there was a fight between the security forces and the militants and a number of villagers were killed after the militants had left. It was at the entrance junction at Allaipiddy where Fr. Jim Brown and his lay-helper were sighted last before. they 'disappeared'. There is a strong suspicion that such remains could be of the people who had 'disappeared'. A proper inquiry and investigation will be able to bring out the truths.
State sponsored settlements of the Sinhalese in the North and East
It is a historical and undeniable fact that the Northern and Eastern parts of the Country had been the traditional home-lands of the Tamils for severed centuries before the Colonial periods. North had its own Tamil-kingdom and there were Tamil Chieftains in the East also. For the sake of easy administration the British, (the last of the Colonial powers) unified the whole country and gave independence in 1948. After the independence we can observe large scale state-sponsored colonisations especially in the Amparai and Trincomallee districts, substantially transforming the demographic pattern. Now this large scale state sponsored colonisations are underway in the Northern province as we can see in the 6,381 acre high-security-zone at Valikamam North and then at Navatkuli, Mullaitivu, Nedunkemy, Madhu Road, Masali and Mullikulam. The Government holds that the traditional Tamil-homeland in the North and East is a myth and they want to erase it with such state sponsored colonisations. We are not against the Sinhalese coming to the North and East and buying land and settling down as it happened earlier and as the Tamils in the North and East do elsewhere in the island especially in the Western Province. The state sponsored settlement program with the motive of reducing the percentage of Tamils in the North and East will not in any way help the national reconciliation process.
Proliferation of Buddha statues and viharas in the North and East
Before the war ended four years ago there were just a handful of places in the North and East where there were Buddha statues and viharas. Within the last few years there is an increase in the number of large Buddha statues and viharas and extension of existing viharas. Most of these are put up along the A-9 main road by the side of army camps. Because of the heavy military presence we can see that in some place ancient Hindu temples had to give way to the new Buddhist viharas. As all these take place under the patronage of the security forces the civilian population is not able to do anything.
Provincial Council Election — Election Violence
After a gap of more than 25 years the Government was forced to have the Provincial Council election in the North due to pressure from the donor countries. All kinds of malpractices employed by the Government to win the election or at least to get a substantial member of seats for the Government party or for the parties aligned to the Government. The security forces openly worked far the party of the Government using all possible tactics including pasting the campaign- posters of the government party, distributing gift-packets and even intimidation. The Governor himself participated in the Government party election campaign meetings. The Tamil National Alliance (TNA) candidates were harassed, their houses were attacked, personal details of them were gathered etc. Two days before the election one of the leading women candidate' residence was attacked at midnight by about 100 armed men who came in several vehicles. In this attack more than ten of the party workers were injured. One member of the Election Monitoring Committee who had come there hearing the news of such attack was also beaten up. This attack was carried out to instill fear in the voters to make them not turn up for voting. On the day of election a bogus newspaper in the name of the popular daily was distributed a little before the genuine newspaper was issued. It carried a frontline news that TNA is withdrawing from the election and the leading woman candidate of the TNA whose house was attacked the previous day had crossed over to the Government party etc. Notwithstanding all these the TNA got an overwhelming victory in the election. The violence continued even after the election. The leading TNA supporters and those who had worked for the TNA have been targeted. Their houses were attacked, their vehicles were set on fire and a number of them have been physically attacked and eventually hospitalized. There was also an instance of throwing grenades at a group of youngsters who had worked for the TNA in the election. Only the security forces and the parties aligned to the government have access to fire-arms and grenades. All these cause fear among the people giving them the message that they should have supported the government party.
Muzzling the media in the North
Since the present Government came to office there had been a number of attacks on media men and some have even been killed in their office and some have been injured. Last year some distributors of dailies from the North were targeted, their vehicles were damages and the papers burnt. The regional office one of the dailies from the North was set on fire at Kilinochchi, So far no culprits have been brought to books. All these take place in spite of heavy military presence and the attackers are able to elude their vigilant watches. Any newspaper critical of the actions of the Government is given the strong message that it cannot survive.
The Sri Lankan Government has to show some positive signs to the people in the North and East by addressing these issues to win the hearts of the people. The people have overwhelmingly shown that external development is not a substitute justice, peace and reconciliation.
We wish and pray that your Excellency use your good offices to convince pressure those concerned to bring about justice and peace in our country.
Yours devotedly,
Fr. S.V.B. Mangalarajah
Justice and Peace Commission, Catholic Diocese of Jaffna.
Copies to: His Eminence Malcolm Cardinal Ranjith
All the Catholic Bishops of Sri Lanka.
21.10.18 New Delhi owes a public apology on Jaffna Hospital..
22.10.13 Jaffna hospital observes 26th year of IPKF massacr..
21.10.13 Catholic peace group in Jaffna details structural ..
22.10.09 22nd death anniversary of IPKF killed JTH personne..
21.10.07 20th anniversary of hospital massacre remembered i..
21.10.05 Massacre anniversary commemorated in Jaffna Hospit..
20.10.05 18th anniversary of IPKF Hospital massacre to be h..
22.10.04 IPKF Jaffna Hospital massacre remembered
21.10.03 Jaffna medical staff massacred by IPKF remembered

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Betty _____ fake watches when the police came.
When it is going to rain, the ______ gets dark.
Which is true about Andy's vacation?
What is this article for?
What does " This " mean in the first paragraph?
When I am hungry, any food looks _____ to me.
How old were Tony and Peter when they left Greentown?
Most of Jeff's best books _____ when he was sick and poor.
What kind of person does the writer think Uncle Jim is?
What does depressed mean in the letter?
Who in the picture is Vivian?
_____ Joe looks strong, in fact he gets sick easily.
Betty ______ TV when her little brother fell off the chair.
What does the writer try to tell us in the reading?
Bob: When is Mr. Wang going to Japan? Tim: On ____.
What does four seasons mean in the reading?
What is Amy trying to tell her father?
Which is NOT said about dancing?
What can we learn about the little secretary?
What did Luke do on the farm?
What is the writer trying to say in the poem?
What happened in The Travel ?
What do we know about the six people in the interview?
What does it mean when someone is lousy at something?
My cat got excited when it saw the boy ______ the birds.


Looking for the latest DCI drum corps scores, news, and more? If so, the current version of DrumScorps™ is the app for you!
Powered by and designed in cooperation with DrumCorpsPlanet.com, DrumScorps is the one application you can't be without during drum corps season.
Get the latest scores from current and historic events.
DCP's Caption Rankings – by Total or any caption, by Division or combined, and sorted by Last Score, Previous Score, or Weighted Score values.
Read up-to-date news with categories ranging from DCI Open Class, DCI World Class, and DCA – to International corps and more.
Explore the tour schedule for your favorite corps.
See details about events including time and place, performing corps, and weather conditions.
Find nearby events and get directions to the stadium, using the features of your smartphone or mobile device.
DrumScorps is the must-have accessory for drum corps members, family, alumni, and fans.
Redesigned Event Information pages that provide easier navigation and more info.
Integration with the Drum Corps Planet forums – providing a means to read and post directly to the "Official" Event and Corps threads in the forums. You can even attach an image from your photo library or camera. Look for the "DrumScorps Official Thread" tag in the DCP Forums.
Repertoire – access to the information about the Corps' current program: program title and description, source selections, and links to online (YouTube, etc) recordings of the source music – where available.
Scoring Recaps for each show, as the scores are available from DCI, presented in DCP's enhanced recap format.
A great way to say "Thank You" to the developers of the app and help us continue development and support of the app and current data.
For $2.00 per year, get the complete DrumScorps experience.
DrumScorps is available for the Apple iOS/iPhone and Android platforms.
DrumScorps and its contents are Copyright © 2015-2017 DCP Partners, LLC All rights reserved.


My dream vanished. It's going to be one of those weird days, I reckon, soon confirmed by a fleeting glance while passing a mirror. My morning ritual includes stretching muscles while coffee filters into the cup. I breakfast before the screen, skim through emails and various online papers, shake head at captions ranging from atrocious, futile to hilarious, the latter due to brexasparation. The scene beyond the window calms – wispy clouds, birds flitting from hedge to tree to hedge, familiar cats slouching across frosted grass, the ginger, the black & white bushy monster, the nimble black tom with white paws and white-tipped tail, much like an exclamation mark.
With no commitments today, I embark on my weekly shopping trip to town. Small wonder I can't get warm, the steep drop in temperature is topped by a bitter wind. Minding the weirdness of my day, I'm super careful on the road and pay for two hours parking, anticipating a disorganised shopping round. Sure enough, I miss items on my scrawled list and retrace my steps time and time again through a lattice of chilled shelves. I tell the woman at the checkout, 'I can't get warm today,' a detail of hardly any interest to her or anyone, including me.
'It will get colder,' she nods, shrewdly.
Often people are worth more dead than alive – where the heck did that come from?
My vanished dream lights up. Faces re-emerge, of friends who passed on during the last two decades, some through death, others through metaphorical deaths, that is, circumstantial rifts and distancing. The dream brought a vivid afterglow of relationships, insights of unconditional love, as well as shadow aspects – what I judged and misread in the behaviour of others, what others judged and misread in my behaviour. The dynamics of projections are illuminated by a revision of experiences through layers of time, and through the imagined intuitive eyes of others. Broken threads reweave into fresh patterns, consciousness expands.
I deeply appreciate the dreams that provide an afterglow to the relationships in my life, be it the ones marked by kindness and love or the ones distorted by projections and a narrow reading of intentions. The insights that dreams bring help me to renew my sense self, no matter how delusional, it's what I need to function in this world.
We can always benefit and also contribute towards collective harmony with a widening of perspectives through other eyes, including the eyes of strangers.
Click on the above link and you're there.


text:
Beattie, Cordelia. 2007. Medieval Single Women: The Politics of Social Classification in Late Medieval England. Oxford University Press, Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-928341-5
A study of the classification and meaning of female singlehood.
--- Toggle HRJ's Commentary ---
I had planned to start covering Krimmer's In the Company of Men this week, but my guest blogger hasn't had a chance to review the potential posting yet, so instead I'm going back to the topic of singlewomen, this time with a monograph specifically looking at late medieval England. There is no specifically lesbian content in this study. Rather, it falls in the category of "deep background" because it covers social issues that would be of particular interest when creating historic lesbian characters, in particular, the situation for a woman who might choose to live her life outside of a heterosexual marriage. One might think that, historically, most women who experienced and acted on desire for other women would do it within the same social structures as other women and thus would be subject to the same pressures to marry. But (from a modern novelist's point of view) one of the most fascinating aspects of studying singlewomen is how "normal" it could be in certain times and places for a woman not to marry and to live as a legally independent adult.
Contents summary:
Beattie's work looks at the classification of women for social and legal purposes with respect to marriage status--maid, wife or widow--and the consequences for those who did not fit neatly into those categories, as well as the intersectionality of gender categories with social status and age. As the title indicates, this classification system is viewed through the lens of the singlewoman, a category that could be disruptive depending on whether it is considered as encompassing such states as "not-yet-married young girl" and "widow" or whether it is found as a residual catch-all for those women who do not fit easily into the "official" categories of virgin, wife, and widow.
Two types of classification schemes are relevant: interpretative (a normative system which concerns itself with theoretical organizational systems, such as the "three estates" of social class) and labeling (which looks at the de facto identification of specific individuals or cases and constructs a classification system upwards from that data). Medieval society had a strong interest in interpretive classifications as a way of understanding and enforcing divine order as realized in the physical world. Label-based classification systems are most easily extracted from texts with a practical function, such as tax or court records, where the social classification is not a primary focus but rather one of multiple factors that affect outcomes.
Women were often considered as standing entirely apart from interpretative classifications such as the three estates. They might, in some cases, be treated as a fourth group entirely outside of the estates (but with their own internal structure), or might be classified with respect to the husband or father's status. Some expanded the virgin-wife-widow framework to also include the categories of prostitute and servant. Within this system, the singlewoman (if interpreted as "never married but available for marriage" and thus excluding widows and nuns) has no obvious place and so may be entirely unrepresented in the literature.
Beattie's work begins from actual textual use of the label "single woman" (first appearing in Middle English in the early 14th century), alongside Latin and French parallels (sola and femme sole) to identify how the category was used in context and what factors led a woman to be identified as such rather than in some other category.
Chapter 1: Classification in Culture Context
--- Toggle for HRJ's commentary ---
The identification of a woman as a "singlewoman" was in no way a straightforward description with respect to marriage status. The opening chapter serves to challenge the simplistic understanding of women's categories as fixed definitions, even within a particular era.
This chapter looks at the social construction of women's categories. "Widow" (and its equivalents in other languages), for example, has varied in meaning across time, and has variously meant "woman with no man to represent her legally", or "woman with no male source of economic support". The Christian focus on remarriage versus sexual chastity introduced new concerns and nuances, with "vidua" sometimes indicating a woman under a vow of chastity, with "relicta" distinguishing more generally a woman left behind after a husband's death. Similarly, the categories of "virgin" and "wife" do not have objective and static definitions. This chapter focuses on the ways these categories are constructed and used in 13th century English religious texts.
Until around the mid-12th century, the chastity-focused hierarchy of virtue placed the "untouched virgin" at the top, the chaste widow next, and the married woman lowest (ignoring entirely those who fell outside, such as prostitutes). After that, there was a shift to focusing on chastity as a virtue for all life stages. "Virginity" as such was most praiseworthy when specifically chosen and dedicated to God, while even "technical" virgins might be considered unchaste by their behavior, and thus not virtuous. "Chastity" in this context is not a synonym for sexual abstinence, but indicates not only confining sexual activity to within marriage but acting in a way consistent with that ideal.
The genre of ad status sermon collections offered suggested texts aimed at different social groups. Those aimed at women could be divided into four different sets of concerns: those for young, unmarried virgins, those for wives, those for widows, and those for women in religious life. Among the concerns that are covered are different understandings of what chastity means within each group. (In contrast, sermon groupings aimed at men tended to differentiate by social class.) The moral implications of these categories carry over when the same labels are used in other contexts, such as legal contracts, where a woman might proclaim her virtue to bolster her legal right to dispose of or acquire property.
The law was not a single coherent system in medieval England but layers of overlapping jurisdictions. With regard to women, courts were less concerned with the nuances of marital status than with whether a woman was femme coverte (i.e., "covered" by her husband's or some other man's legal agency) or femme sole and with the legal right to own and bequeath land and property in her own right. Femme sole was not equivalent to "unmarried", for many categories of unmarried women did not have independent property rights. For example, young girls would be under the legal guardianship of a father (or other guardian) and could not manage their own property. Similarly, some married women might be legally femme sole if their specific circumstance gave them the right to acquire and dispose of property without their husband's approval. For example, a 14th c. law collection from London noted that a married woman practicing a trade would be treated as femme sole with respect to that trade if she practiced it without his help or interference. (Though the contexts are primarily discussing the husband's protection from liability for his wife's activities and debts in that context.) One consequence of this is that a woman identified in a legal context as femme sole cannot automatically be assumed to be unmarried (including widows). But it remains that a married femme sole was claiming a status equivalent to a singlewoman, that is, the use reinforces the existence and importance of the unmarried femme sole in defining this legal status. Indeed, it highlights the ability of married women (particularly in an urban environment) to engage in independent economic activities from their husbands as if they were singlewomen (in contradiction to the common misperception that pre-modern married women were always the "property" of their husbands).
These various classification systems point to the intersection of the understandings of marriage as the locus of authorized sex and childbearing, the context for the transmission of property, and the context for the organization and differentiation of household labor.
Given the normative paradigm of women's lives, historical demographers are particularly interested in the presence and prevalence of singlewomen as a key indicator of marriage patterns and birthrates and the social forces that affected them. At some eras in urban centers in England, never-married women might constitute 30-40% of all adult women, which had causes and consequences in wider social and economic trends. High percentages of unmarried women indicated wider access to paid labor, though it often came as women moved into low-wage, low-skill jobs as men moved into more skilled positions. (And therefore did not necessarily indicate a leveling of opportunity between the genders.) It is also pointed out that women might be delaying marriage or never marrying due to the choices and economic positions of their potential husbands, rather than due to their entirely independent choices. Furthermore, singlewomen were not a monolithic group with regard to social attitudes. Later chapters will look at how subgroups within this category emerge from the data.
Chapter 2: The Single Woman in Penitential Discourse
A simplistic view of the medieval moral position on sexually active women holds that sex outside of marriage automatically puts one in the category of prostitute, whether or not a financial transaction is involved. But more detailed (and thus more nuanced) moral literature enables a different understanding to emerge under the social category of "singlewoman". The existence of this category presupposes a sexually active life outside of marriage that does not automatically place the woman in the category of prostitute. This is not the definition of "singlewoman" as strictly used under law, but the two uses could not help but color the overall understanding of the term.
Within the context of penitential literature (concerned with the identification and classification of sins), the strict position is that there is no conceptual position for the sexually active singlewoman who was not a prostitute (with a slight allowance for the concubine--sexually active with, but not married to, a specific man--as contrasted with the prostitute who was "common to all"). But detailed treatises such as the early 15th century Jacob's Well reveal more differentiation. The list of degrees of active lechery (with 14 graduated levels) makes distinctions for marital status or religious profession in evaluating the severity of the sin. But when one pulls out pairings between a "single man" and various categories of women, one finds a differentiation between a single woman, a common woman (i.e., prostitute), a widow, a maiden, and a wife. Sex with a single woman constitutes the least severe sin while that with a wife (not one's own, obviously!) constitutes the most severe of this set.
Penitential manuals were intended as a guideline for confessors in eliciting and addressing different types and degrees of sin. Therefore while they may not be a reliable guide to actual behavior, they provide indications of relative degrees of concern and anxiety around different topics. In this context, it is notable that the references to women in many penitential manuals are almost exclusively in the context of sexual sins. Sexual sins fell into a set of basic categories: fornication, adultery, incest, vices against nature (under the label "sodomy" but without the narrow modern meaning), violation of virgins, and rape/abduction, with in some cases the addition of sacrilege and prostitution. Within these, there are gradations depending on the status of those involved, but the one relevant for the category of singlewomen is fornication, where a distinction is made if the female partner is "a woman not bound by a vow" (i.e., not a nun), a "common woman" (i.e., prostitute), or a "vowed widow". Since sex with a married woman is covered under adultery, and sex with a virgin is covered in a separate category, then "a woman not bound by a vow" must be the case of a singlewoman who cannot be classed as a prostitute. (Though this could include widows who were not bound by a vow of chastity.) And, similarly to the Jacob's Well list, this case is considered the least severe type of sexual sin.
Thus, in this classification, a singlewoman is defined by what she is not: a virgin, a wife, a woman vowed to chastity either as a widow or a nun, or a prostitute. But conversely, for a singlewoman to be sexually active was regarded as less sinful than for any other category (except, of course, a wife within marriage).
In a slightly different genre of text, "the seven states of chastity", the lines are drawn slightly differently than those for active sexual sins. Here we see a hierarchy (I believe this is from least virtuous to most virtuous) of:
1. virgins until marriage
2. the never-married who are not virgins (with women in this category identified as singlewomen in some texts)
3. the married
4. the widowed
5. life-long virgins
6. clerks in holy orders
7. men (and sometimes women) of religion
That is, there is no special virtue in being chaste if you're a young never-married girl, because that's your expected default state and you haven't made an active choice to remain chaste (unlike the life-long virgin, who has presumably made an active choice to be so). The never-married woman who has had sex at some point but now has chosen chastity is more virtuous than the virgin, presumably because she has made that active choice, but less virtuous than the married woman who is chaste (i.e., faithful and virtuous) within her marriage.
Sorting this out (and keeping in mind that the context is people who are currently practicing chastity), a singlewoman is defined as a never-married woman who has at some past time been sexually active and who has not taken a vow of chastity. The category is different in focus from the one that emerges from the frame of fornication, but similar in effect.
Chapter 3: The Single Woman in Fiscal Discourse
The chapter, while intriguing, veers off considerably from the thrust of the LHMP. The general relevance continues to be documentation for the presence and relative prevalence of economically independent unmarried women. While this status is unrelated to whatever those women's sexual desires and activities may have been, it provides a basis for authors who prefer to keep their sexually adventurous female characters free of the encumbrances of a husband, living or dead.
This chapter looks at the labeling of women in a series of tax rolls from the later 14th century. The series of taxes occurred in close enough succession that interesting patterns can be identified in the documents used to track and record them. At the same time, the nature of the levies changed slightly, especially in terms of how women were treated, which provides the context for the examination in this chapter.
The documents were drawn up in various contexts, but local officials were involved in all of them in some way, either in providing information about the people being listed, or in the actual composition of the documents. The vocabulary used varies from place to place in the distinctions it makes, especially in how uniformly people are identified as married or unmarried. The specific that is the core of this study is one where most people (male and female) are identified explicitly in terms of marital status as well as any other categories that affect their assessment.
The tax rolls, in general, list people in descending order of socio-economic status (and thus in decreasing amount of tax paid), beginning with landed nobility, moving on to well-off craftsmen, and proceeding on to ordinary laborers and servants, with the truly indigent paying no tax. In the 1377 levy, all adults over the age of 16 were liable to pay tax. But in the 1379 levy, married couples paid a combined amount that was equivalent to the levy on a single man or single woman. This means that all women listed in the rolls in 1379 can be assumed to be unmarried, and thus the distinctions in labeling are addressing a different factor than marital status.
While men are identified as single (solus) or married (coniugatus), with a small number lacking this label for unknown reasons, they are also identified by occupation (incuding "servant") or (in a very few cases) as their father's son (indicating a young unmarried man still residing at home). Those men identified as servants are uniformly either unmarried or have no marriage status given, while those listed with an occupation are overwhelmingly listed as married (ca. 95%). In contrast, women (and these are all unmarried women, remember) may be identified as single (sola), as a maiden (puella), or as a widow (vidua) or have no status listed (some of which can be identified as probable widows based on other information). The second axis of identification is similar to that for men: occupation (including servant), relationship (daughter or mother), or none given.
If all the women were, by definition, "sola" then what purpose does this distinction serve? Beattie notes that some of it may simply have been habit: people were accustomed to making these distinctions for other purposes and retained them even when it made no difference to the tax. As with the men, there are strong correlations between the two types of labels. Female servants are always either "sola" (or with no marriage status given) and never maiden or widow. The same holds for those with listed occupations. Women identified as their father's daughter are always labeled "puella" (maiden) and those identified as someone's mother are unsurprisingly listed as widows. Those who have no relationship or occupational label fall into "sola" or "vidua" but never "puella".
Shortcutting a lot of analysis, we see puella/maiden used to identify an unmarried girl still living at home. Vidua/widow (based on additional evidence) seems to carry two contrasting implications. For some there is a strong sense of inheriting the late husband's tax basis, often indicating women who pay more than the basic assessment but have no occupation listed to account for a higher income. But just as often it occurs for women paying the minimum tax and seems to be used to flag them as in financial hardship due to a lack of (male) support. More than half the taxed women are servants, while perhaps 5% appear to be self-supporting by some other occupation. (The evidence of other rolls suggests that many may have been spinners, but higher assessments appear for women identified as brewers and ale sellers.) This low rate of self-employed singlewomen is not universal--the rolls for a different region list as much as 25% of unmarried women as "sola" but not as servants.
Chapter 4: The Single Woman in Guild Texts
Beattie's work continues highlighting the lives of never-married women in medieval England via the use of different category labels and how those so labeled are portrayed. For those who think of guilds only in the sense of occupational guilds, the dynamics of a social guild may take a little getting used to. For the financial aspect, I use the frivolous analogy to a gym membership, but a better parallel for the social aspects would be fraternal organizations like the Masons or Elks or Rotary clubs or the like. In the world of my Alpennian novels, the lay "mystery guilds" are intended as deriving from this sort of social guild (but with semi-magical ceremonies as the central activities rather than purely religious ones).
This chapter is concerned not so much with craft guilds but with "social guilds" which served as semi-social semi-religious associations that provided various types of support to members. An analysis of the organizational and membership documents of these guilds indicate that the assumed default member was a married man whose wife may or may not have also had membership privileges. All of them made allowances for single men to join, and many made explicit provision for single women as well. The expected relationships between these types of members can be seen most clearly in the payment of dues. [It may help to visualize modern gym memberships, with their initiation fees, monthly dues, and various options for family membership.]
Typically a new member would pay an initiation fee and then a regular annual (or quarterly) fee to maintain membership. In some cases, a wife would pay the same annual fee as her husband but have the initiation fee waived, but in other cases she could be a member without any additional fee. A single man would pay the initiation fee and regular dues, and if he married his wife would have the same discounts available as before. A single woman would pay the initiation fee and regular dues, but if she married her husband might enjoy a reduced initiation fee but it was not necessarily waived as for a new wife. An unmarried woman who was a sister of a guild member might sometimes get a "family rate" the same as if she were married to a guild member.
This all relates to women's category labels in ways that suggest nuances of how women related to the guilds. Some guild documents make no reference to women as "singlewomen" at all, only as maidens (virgo, puella) or widows. While this may indicate that members gained membership through a male relative (fathers or late husbands), it may also be a means of advertising the good reputation of the guild members, that never-married female members are "virgins" with no whiff of the "have had sex but never married" sense that "singlewoman" could have in the moral literature. Over time, "singlewoman" (and "singleman") begin being used more frequently, but in the case of women it is generally displacing "maiden" and thus indicating the never-married rather than simply the "not-currently-married".
This chapter includes a great deal of interesting information on the membership and dynamics of social guilds in 14-16th century England, but that pretty much sums up the material of relevance to the lives and possibilities of never-married women.
Chapter 5: 'Singlewoman' as a Personal Designation
It is always amusing when one of my academic passions intersects an entirely different academic passion. In this case, we see the collision of research into economically independent women with research into naming practices and the negotiation between names as arbitrary labels and names as distinguishing identifications.
Medieval English practice allowed for a fair amount of variability in how a specific person was named in a legal document. Surnames were not fixed and the popularity of certain given names, occupations, and descriptive nicknames meant that the clear distinction of individuals could be difficult. The Statute of Additions instituted in 1413 attempted to address the problem of clear and distinct identification by suggesting specific types of additional personal designations for use. [Note: I have a separate fascination for historic naming practices and the factors that affected how people were identified and distinguished. I confess I'd never heard of the Statute of Additions before and now I want to look into it further. One serious philosophical issue in discussing naming practices is determining the rather hazy dividing line between "names" and "descriptions of identity".] Among the "additions" suggested for distinguishing women was "singlewoman". Although it was suggested for any unmarried woman, in actual use, widows were more often identified by that more specific status, and therefore "singlewoman" was, in practice, a label for the never-married.
In fact, the appearance and increasing frequency of use of the term "singlewoman" in English documents of all types corresponds closely to the Statute of Additions, and a causal relationship can be supported by looking at other terms recommended by the Statute, such as the use of "gentleman" and the regular addition of the place of residence to names.
Among the discussions of suitable additions, "singlewoman" and "widow" are both approved for distinguishing women, whereas "maid" or "virgin" do not appear in the guidelines and "servant" is dismissed as too vague and not sufficiently attentive to social status. This correlation does not mean that the use of "singlewoman" was entirely driven by legal use. The earliest known attestations are all from non-legal contexts. The increasing appearance in documents is due to the adoption of the everyday descriptive term as a legal "term of art". But even in legal contexts, the use of singlewoman was not simply for its distinguishing value, but tended to be used when the status of being single and never-married was relevant, as when discussing an inheritance that would be designated for a woman's dowry, or when a resident of York was granted the "freedom of the city" (i.e., given independent legal rights within the city) which would not have been relevant if she had been married.
The text of the chapter provides an extensive array of examples of contexts in which women are identified as singlewomen in 14-16th c. legal and civic records. (There is a bit of a side discussion noting that when "spinster" is used to identify women in 16th century records, it is clearly a literal occupational term--which can be held by married women--and not the designation of a never-married woman that later evolved.)


text:
Copyright: Text and Data Mining – New Rules?
Deirdre Moynihan
When implemented, the 'Copyright in the Digital Single Market Directive' will bring in new rules around text and data mining. Deirdre Moynihan, Partner at Kemp IT Law, shows us what (and what not) to expect.
The new EU Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market[i] (the 'DSM Directive') has been fraught with controversy and discussion. Many have argued it will lead to the death of the Internet as we know it because of its provisions on upload filters and the link tax. Those points are outside the scope of this blog which focuses on a new and potentially valuable right in the data analytics field but you can find more information on them on our related blogs and vlogs.
Article 2(2) of the DSM Directive defines text and data mining ('TDM') as:
"any automated analytical technique aimed at analysing text and data in digital form in order to generate information which includes but is not limited to patterns, trends and correlations".
The ability to legally perform TDM is becoming increasingly important as new methods and technologies are created to perform sophisticated data analytics and provide new services based on such analytics. Technically, most TDM software/activities require a copy of the content to be TDM-ed. Currently, however, in the UK and EU, there is no blanket exception from copyright or database right protection that allows TDM: copying third party text or data for analytics purposes requires a licence from the rightsholder or reliance on the limited and narrowly construed fair dealings defences. (This is in contrast to the US position where TDM is generally regarded as "fair use" if there is a licence to the underlying work.[ii])
The DSM Directive aims to address the restrictions on copying for TDM by introducing two new exceptions.
Articles 3 and 4 of the DSM Directive permit reproduction of copyrighted works and extraction of information from databases where the user performing TDM has "lawful access" to the protected work.
Lawful access is described as "access to content based on an open access policy or through contractual arrangements between rightsholders and research organisations or cultural heritage institutions, such as subscriptions, or through other lawful means"[iii].
Article 3 expressly permits "reproductions and extractions made by research organisations and cultural heritage institutions in order to carry out, for the purposes of scientific research, text and data mining of works or other subject matter to which they have lawful access".
"Research organisations and cultural heritage institutions" are defined as: universities, research institutions or any other entities, the primary goal of which is to conduct scientific research or to carry out educational activities involving also the conduct of scientific research on a not-for-profit basis or by reinvesting all the profits in its scientific research; or pursuant to a public interest mission recognised by a Member State.
Article 4 permits reproductions of, and extractions from, "lawfully accessible works" for TDM for any purpose provided that this activity has not been "expressly reserved by rightsholders in an appropriate manner".
Little guidance is given in the DSM Directive on what amounts to an "appropriate" "express" reservation of TDM rights, aside from the following:
where works are made publicly available online, the DSM Directive stipulates that it will only be "considered appropriate to reserve those rights by the use of machine-readable means, including metadata and terms and conditions of a website or a service"; and
in other arrangements, the reservation can be included as a contractual term or a unilateral declaration by the rightsholders.
In light of the above, and the fact that the DSM Directive will need to be implemented in each member state for it to be effective, it's not clear at this stage whether the generally accepted shorthand approach of stating "all rights reserved" or "all rights not expressly granted are reserved by the copyright/database right holder" will be sufficient to prohibit TDM or whether more explicit wording specifically restricting TDM is required to amount to an "express" reservation in "an appropriate manner".
To address this uncertainty, we expect that, as a matter of best practice and to avoid any issues of interpretation, where rightsholders wish to restrict TDM, they will introduce wording: (a) expressly prohibiting TDM, (b) incorporating an acknowledgement from the user that the prohibition on TDM is made/given in an "appropriate manner", and (c) that permits the rightsholders to check that the prohibition has been complied with. It's therefore key for users to check the terms of licences or notices accompanying protected works to establish if TDM is permitted.
While superficially the TDM exceptions in the DSM Directive appear to grant new exceptions to copyright and database right infringement, in our view, it's likely to have little impact on users' rights on a day-to-day basis, simply because rightsholders will be able to circumvent the exception by specifically and expressly prohibiting it.
For the position in the UK post-Brexit transition, please see section J of our 'Algo IP' white paper.
This blog was first published as part of the white paper which you can read in full here: Algo IP: Rights in Code – 2020 Update
[i] Directive (EU) 2019/790 of the European Parliament and of the Council Of 17 April 2019 on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market and amending Directive 96/9 and 2001/29 – https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32019L0790&from=EN.
[ii] See, e.g., Authors Guild v. HathiTrust, 755 F.3d 87 (2d Cir. 2014), White v. West (S.D.N.Y. 2014), Fox v. TVEyes (S.D.N.Y. 2014), Authors Guild v. Google, 770 F.Supp.2d 666 (S.D.N.Y. 2011), Kelly v. Arriba-Soft, 336 F.3d 811 (9thCir. 2003), A.V. v. iParadigms, LLC (4th Cir. 2009), Perfect 10 v. Amazon, 508 F.3d 1146 (9th Cir. 2007), and Field v. Google, 412 F.Supp.2d 1106 (D. Nv. 2006).
[iii] Per recital 14 of the DSM Directive.
PrevPreviousAlgo IP: Intellectual Property in AI Datasets, Insights and Outputs – the Growing Importance of Trade Secrets
NextCopyright: Hyperlinks and the Communication to the Public RightNext


The good news? Vodafone says it is installing a more efficient customer service system. The bad news? It won't be in place until March next year.
While the biggest topic of complaint I've heard from Lifehacker readers about Vodafone this year has been the unreliability of its network (something it has been spending up on with variable results), difficulties in talking to someone to get problems resolved run a close second. Long wait times are common, being endlessly bounced between uninformed staffers in multiple countries seemed the norm, and the Lara voice recognition system never once understood what I was asking it the entire time I was a Vodafone customer.
The new One Connect service will use a Genesys-based system to monitor incoming calls across Vodafone's phone network, support email addresses, Twitter and Facebook accounts and online forums, and "route the enquiry to the best place and to the customer service advisor with the best skills to respond". This is a great idea if it works, but the challenge is ensuring enough staff are available and that they do know what they're talking about.
What changes would you like Vodafone to make to its customer service? Share your ideas in the comments.


text:
Restoring the Gulf of Mexico
The Gulf of Mexico is an incredible haven for wildlife—home to approximately 15,000 unique species of wildlife, including 28 types of dolphins and whales, 49 species of sharks, and five different sea turtles.
The National Wildlife Federation has long worked to improve the health of the Gulf of Mexico for people and wildlife, and to protect the way of life of the 50 million people who live near the Gulf. Over the decades, we have championed the restoration of Louisiana's rapidly-eroding Mississippi River Delta, advocated for the restoration of the Everglades, and protected freshwater flowing to the Texas coast.
When the Deepwater Horizon oil rig exploded, causing significant harm across the Gulf, we were a leading voice calling for justice for the Gulf and championing using the fines resulting from the spill on comprehensive ecosystem restoration.
We are currently focused on ensuring that key coastal habitats are restored and that we move quickly to increase the Gulf's resilience to sea level rise and other impacts of climate change—with an emphasis on natural defenses such as barrier islands, oyster reefs, floodplains, wetlands and mangroves. We also advocate for protecting wildlife and natural systems in the deeper waters of the Gulf.
NWF's Key Accomplishments in the Gulf of Mexico
The National Wildlife Federation has a long history of advocacy in the Gulf of Mexico. Here are just a few of our accomplishments:
• Helped secure passage of the RESTORE Act in 2012 in the aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon disaster--and we are still advocating for the use of Deepwater Horizon penalties on meaningful restoration projects today.
• Contributed to the Louisiana Coastal Master Plan, which addresses the state's land-loss crisis by restoring wetlands, barrier islands and reconnecting the river with its delta.
• Helped shape the recommendations for more than $1 billion in projects to restore the vast area damaged by the Mississippi River Gulf Outlet (MRGO) shipping canal.
• Championed the comprehensive Everglades restoration plan in 2000 and have continued to advocate for key elements in that plan on Capitol Hill.
• Influenced the creation of Texas' Coastal Resilience Master Plan.
Learn more about what we have done and continue to do in the Gulf of Mexico — read our strategic plan here.
9 Things You Didn't Know About the Deepwater Horizon Disaster
... And How We Can Restore the Gulf of Mexico
Gulf Wildlife in the Aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon Disaster
Restoration Framework
A Vision to Support Comprehensive Restoration for Coastal Mississippi
Environment, Community, Economy
A Proposed Restoration Framework to Benefit Coastal Alabama's Triple Bottom Line
Restorating the Texas Gulf Coast
A Strategy for Improving Coastal Habitats, Marine Resources, and Communities
Making the Most of Restoration
Priorities for a Recovering Gulf
The Gulf of Mexico's estuaries are among the most productive natural places in the world. They serve as spawning, nursery, and feeding grounds for nearly all of the Gulf's commercial and recreational fish species, and provide essential habitat for hundreds of species of birds, waterfowl, and other wildlife. We've identified the projects that will have the greatest collective impact on priority estuaries and detailed them in this interactive report.


text:
Some Strings Attached: What's Behind Knight's Recent Grant to The Miami City Ballet?
April 28, 2015 / Mike Scutari
This morning, I visited the New York Times online and saw a story exploring the purported ties between the Clinton Foundation and Russia's "growing uranium empire." It's complicated stuff. I'll spare you the gory details, but here's the lede:
"As the Russian atomic energy agency gradually took charge of a company that controls one-fifth of all uranium production capacity in the U.S., a stream of cash made its way to the former president's charitable organization."
In addition to including the comforting trope of a shadowy Russian oligarch, the story also underscored a reality we often prefer to ignore. Whether overt or subtle, sometimes foundations hand out money with strings attached or (cue menacing Russian accent) expectations.
Fortunately, today's news isn't as stark or demoralizing as the Times story. In fact, sometimes it can be a good thing when foundations attach strings. For starters, they naturally want to see that their money is being well spent, and secondly, as paternalistic as it may sound, these strings can prove beneficial to the recipient organization.
All of which brings me to Miami, where the Miami City Ballet recently received a total of $4 million in grants from the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation and the Ford Foundation. The ballet also netted another $2.5 million in board donations.
We're particularly intrigued in the Knight's Foundation's gift. The Miami-friendly outfit has pledged $2.5 million to the ballet over three years, $1.5 million of which comes from a fund set up in 2012, when the ballet netted a mammoth $5 million, five-year grant. But it's a newer, $1 million Knight grant that included those notorious strings.
Specifically, the grant, which is designated for new work and "strengthening the organization," was predicated on the ballet securing a "match in debt forgiveness or new or increased donations." The prerequisite was met, according to Executive Director Michael Scolamiero, and the foundation issued the grant.
The latter prerequisite makes sense. It's to argue with the benefits of a diversified revenue stream, especially for dance organizations that are disproportionately reliant on one funder. That said, the grant does reflect the tendency for certain foundations to "get under the hood" of their recipient's organizations. Some would call this micromanaging.
But again, not all the money was conditional. The $1.5 million, three-year Ford Foundation grant, the first ever given to the ballet, is slated for "enhanced education and outreach," and even more importantly, highly valuable general support.
Better yet, our sources tell us no Russian oligarchs were consulted, much less harmed, in the issuing of these grants.
April 28, 2015 / Mike Scutari/
Mike Scutari
How Is The Dance Heritage Coalition ...
A Closer Look At the Howard Gilman ...
MORE DANCE NEWS
Sparking Something Bigger: A Donor's Big Bet on Dance Education is Starting to Pay Dividends
With a Growing Stream of Grants, This Stalwart Arts Funder Helps Offset Ominous Trends
Charmed and Charitable: The Archetypal Regional Donors Behind a Big Arts Gift
Individual Mandate: How Artist Trust in Washington State Provides Support
"Where is the Next Voice?" A New Gender Equity Initiative in a Storied Arts Niche
The Kids Will Come: More Insights About How Arts Groups Can Engage Millennials
Lifeline: Some Badly Needed Support for Dance-Driven Musicals
A Friend Indeed: What This Foundation's Giving Says About the Future of Arts Philanthropy
Real Change: How This Grantmaker Got Serious About Diversity
Realignment: A Quick Look at Data-Driven Grantmaking Changes to the National Dance Project
In All The Way: Meet the Donor Committed to Dance Education (and the Occasional Big Bet)
A Donor's Vow: To Place a Certified Dance Teacher in Every NYC Public School


text:
package org.databene.commons.file;

import java.io.File;

/**
 * FileFilter implementation that accepts only directories.
 * Created: 07.05.2007 23:57:46
 * @author Volker Bergmann
 */
public class DirectoryFileFilter implements FileFilter {

	private static final DirectoryFileFilter INSTANCE = new DirectoryFileFilter();

    @Override
	public boolean accept(File file) {
        return file.isDirectory();
    }

	public static FileFilter instance() {
	    return INSTANCE;
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Persone
Theodore von Kármán – scienziato ungherese naturalizzato statunitense

Astronomia
Von Kármán – cratere da impatto sulla superficie della Luna
Von Kármán – cratere da impatto sulla superficie di Marte

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Bailey Jo Hutton
Praised by the Maryland Theatre Review as having a voice that, "rings out…smooth as silk," soprano Bailey Jo Hutton captures audiences with her soaring lyric coloratura lines and lovely stage presence. She has most recently been seen as Genovieffa in the Peabody Opera Department's production of Suor Angelica. In her previous studies at Peabody she sang in Dialogues des Carmélites, Cendrillon, performed Queen of the Night and First Lady in Papageno, Johnna in Naomi in the Living Room, and Norina in a scene from Don Pasquale. In the Baltimore area, she has performed with the Handel Chorus of Baltimore, the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra, and is a section soprano with the Emmanuel Episcopal Church Choir.
During summer seasons, she has interned with the Opera Theatre of St. Louis, traveled to Italy to perform the role of 1st Spirit in Die Zauberflöte with the Amalfi Coast Music and Arts Festival, and was a Young Artist at the Songfest Festival in Los Angeles. Bailey Jo received her Masters degree in vocal performance and pedagogy, as well as two Bachelor degrees in vocal performance and music education from the Peabody Institute of the Johns Hopkins University. Bailey Jo is a passionate music educator, currently working as an elementary music teacher in Howard County, as well as teaching as an adjunct faculty member at the Peabody Preparatory.


4k00:05Portrait of muslim woman in hijab with bright make-up watching calmly into camera on bricken wall background.
hd00:14Male patient on a eye examination. Medical attendance at the optometrist in a bright modern clinic.
4k00:07Beautiful little girl shows finger as sign that everything is fine.
4k00:11Portrait of a beautiful little girl with arms on the air, isolated blue background.
4k00:10Beautiful little girl closes and opens his hands over his face, isolated blue background.


Drifter goes up and down the plane gangway, and after a while sits down after that to someone, and then comes racing ago and jumps up onto the seat after that craps all over the place. One dark, as a couple lay down for band, the husband gently tapped his wife arrange the shoulder and started rubbing her appendage.
Workers checked - all are working busy Moncton Centre: To wrongs don't make a absolute but to wrights make an airplane. Accordingly the pilot can sit on his case. ATIS gives pilots the current wind, aerate traffic, and runway information and each age the information changes, the broadcast is revised, with each revision being assigned the after that letter in the phonetic alphabet. The at the outset week is pretty bad, the second week is still pretty bad, the third week is getting worse, the fourth week things are just bad, real bad, and the fifth week is just awful. Look how short the runway is! Flights never abandon from Gate 1 at any terminal all the rage the world. If you are running after everyone else for a flight, it will depart as of the farthest gate within the terminal. I admit it works the stereotype of Jewish parents and children, but to my accepted wisdom, humor has few boundaries … and this, to me, this is still funny.
Accordingly the chap thinks it over and after that jumps on the nearest Virgin and bad he goes. As soon as the air travel deck door closes, the FO takes the cushion from the jump seat, holds it to his nose and inhales deeply. Barely passengers seated in window seats ever allow to get up to go to the lavatory. One day, the three of them are walking along the beach and ascertain a magic lamp.
Your browser does not support inline frames before is currently configured not to display inline frames. Percussion adjustment carried out -- area now unstuck Problem: Suggest you turn en route for the big W immediately How do you know when you are half way all the way through a date with a pilot? In the third hut is the ex-chieftan's daughter.
You should try that! I want those schnooks back in my office right after lunch! Annoyed by the goings on, the Direction-finder comes out and shouts Be silent! Individual day the guy sees a speck arrange the horizon, so he swims out around and it turns out to be a dinghy, cast adrift, and in the base of the boat is a beautiful female, unconscious. You must make love to her until she can take nomore. We allow digital watches!
St Peter processed them in and told them to go to the next room all along and pick up their clocks. The berth crew did the normal safety demonstration after that the aircraft taxied out to the committed runway, lined up and took off all the rage the usual manner. Cover instructor with dine. I don't know how I can always repay you. What do you call a plane that's about to crash?


Teeth Whitening is a chemical process that utilizes ultraviolet light to fade teeth stains. It is more effective than any home treatment.
There is no wait time or down time involved with this treatment. The most effective results are from two treatments.


text:
McCann swings derby for Faughs as St Jude's count the cost of wides
Diarmuid Geraghty
September 26 2011 10:18 AM
FAUGHS 1-12, ST JUDE'S 0-10
A GOAL from veteran Conor McCann just before half-time proved decisive as Faughs overcame their neighbours St Jude's after a hard-fought Evening Herald Dublin SHC clash at Parnell Park yesterday.
The game was a battle from start to finish, and there was very little between the two teams, but Faughs' economy from their opportunities was the major factor in their progression to the last-eight.
Jude's hit 10 wides throughout, and it is that statistic that will haunt them when they sit down to analyse their exit from this year's championship.
But credit must be given to Faughs who were fully deserving of their win.
McCann's contribution does not stop at his superbly taken goal. The centre-forward orchestrated the attacking unit and was at the heart of many of their best passages of play.
Jude's opened the scoring when Dublin under-21 Danny Sutcliffe accelerated right through the Faughs defence before splitting the posts from close range.
Karl O'Brien levelled shortly after and this was the pattern for much of the first half as neither side could establish any real period of dominance.
John Ryan scored an identical point to his fellow wing-forward Sutcliffe, before his opposite number Brian Dillon dissected the posts with a fine long-range effort.
McCann then showed the first glimpses of his power as he held off two challenges to set up Michael Ryan for his first score from play.
A huge free from inside his own half by Jude's Stephen Larkin looked to be sending the sides in deadlocked at the break but McCann had other ideas.
He received the ball just outside the 20-metre line after a fine catch and delivery from John Kelly. He still had a lot of work to do as he showed a good turn of pace to create some space before sending a low drive past Ger McManus.
Ryan converted a free a minute later to leave Faughs with a 1-5 to 0-6 interval lead.
Jude's battled bravely in the second period but were unable to get close enough to cause Faughs any real trouble, mainly thanks to a well drilled defensive unit in which Pat Robinson was outstanding.
Points from Ciarán Mangan and Larkin brought Jude's to within a goal entering the closing stages, but Kelly and Dillon both found the target late on to set up Faughs' last eight date with Lucan Sarsfields.
SCORERS - Faughs: M Ryan 0-4 (2f), J Kelly 0-3, C McCann 1-0, B Dillon 0-2, M O'Brien, K O'Brien, C Aherne 0-1 each. St Jude's: C Mangan 0-3 (3f), D Sutcliffe, S Larkin (1f) 0-2 each, J Ryan, J McManus, C Grogan 0-1 each.
FAUGHS: T Donohue; J Robinson, P Robinson, L Heavey; S White, D Burke, M Devane; K O'Brien, M O'Brien; B Dillon, C McCann, C Aherne; C Brennan, J Kelly, M Ryan. Subs: F Heavey for Burke (ht), P Donohue for K O'Brien (59).
ST JUDE'S: G McManus; C Kelly, G Nolan, P Maguire; S Larkin, F Feore, G Roche; A O'Beirne, V Kelly; D Sutcliffe, C Guckian, J Ryan; J McManus, C McMahon, C Managan. Subs: C Grogan for Guckian (h-t), S Hyland for Kelly (h-t), S Ryan for McMahon (39), B Farrell for O'Beirne (58).
REF: E Walker (O'Toole's).


text:
MICRO LEADERSHIP TRAINING
SALES - NINE TYPES TEMPERAMENT IN BUSINESS
STRATEGIC PLANNING PROJECT
CORPORATE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
COVID 19 TRAININGS FOR EMPLOYEES
PRECAUTIONS TAKEN FOR COVID-19
KONYA HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGERS MEETING
EMOTIONAL RESISTANCE TRAINING
WE WELCOMED NEU STUDENTS IN OUR COMPANY
FSSC 22000 TRAINING
FIRE TRAINING AND PRACTICE
SA 8000 STANDARD - SOCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY INTERNATIONAL TRAINING
NEW CORONA VIRUS (COVID-19)
The precautions we have taken as PETEK PLASTİK;
Public use areas (offices, dining hall, relaxation area, dressing room, WC and sinks) are disinfected daily.
Personnel services are disinfected daily.
Hand sanitizer is provided to each of our working units.
The hygiene rules that are applied routinely in the cafeteria are provided in packaging the bread as extra. The forks, knives, spoons are removed from common use and are given to our employees by kitchen staff. PCV/Cardboard cups are used instead of glass cups during tea services at meal times.
For tea service in the production rest room, the use of cardboard cups has started instead of glass cups.
Local and foreign drivers who move from outside the company to the warehouse unit are measured with laser thermometers at the security point, gloves and masks are provided if necessary, although disinfecting process is carried out. Drivers with a fever of 38 degrees or above or showing other symptoms are not allowed to enter the company.
The informational image of "14 Rules Against Corona Virus" published by the Ministry of Health was hung in areas where it can be seen by the employees (dressing room, sinks, OHS board, resting area).
Domestic and international travel of our employees has been stopped.
The temperature of our employees will be measured before getting on the shuttle services. Employees with 38 degrees and above will also be prevented from getting on the shuttle service and their names will be recorded. The names of these persons will be delivered to Human Resources by service drivers.
The temperature of the employees is also measured in company entries or in cases where necessary during the working period. Employees with fevers of 38 degrees or more or employees who also show symptoms of the disease are directed to the health care institutions.
Information leaflet and hand sanitizer are provided in the secretarial unit.
An emergency backup was established within the company by establishing the "Personnel Buddy System".
The fingerprint reading section of the Personnel Attendance Control Systems device is cancelled and only face reading for entry and exits are performed.
Our employees have received training in hygiene and corona virus prevention by our company doctor.
A new staff member is added to the Security (Advisory) and a staff member to the Secretariat for the day shift in order to tightly control the entrances of shipping companies, cargos and guests.
The second personnel reinforced to the Security (Advisory) unit will check the movements of transport companies' drivers within the company during the day and perform their duties in accordance with the directions of the main security personnel.
The secretary main staff will certainly never leave the post. The second personnel who have been reinforced will perform their duties in accordance with the directives.
People from cargo companies are prohibited from going upstairs in the administrative building.
The guests who come to our company will be asked by Security whether they have an appointment. In both cases, information will be given to the guests who wants to visit. If the guests have arrived without an appointment, the guest's entry will be rejected in accordance with the guidance of the relevant employee or will be directed to the Secretariat for a meeting. Accepting or rejecting guests who have arrived without an appointment is at the initiative of the employee they have come to visit to.
For accepted guests, the social distance (at least 1.5m range) will be taken into account in the Secretariat. Guests with a fever of 38 degrees or above and who have symptoms of the disease will not be accepted.
The sanitation procedures of the accepted guests, the supply of masks and gloves will be made by the Secretariat unit where necessary.
Interviews will be held again in each employee's own office taking into account the social distance (at least 1.5m range).
The temperature of the accepted guests will be measured at the entrance of the company.
Shipping company drivers will use WC located in the security unit. Entrances to the warehouse and the mess hall are strictly prohibited. They will eat their lunches in the container reserved for them outdoors.
By providing single-use prayer rugs to our mosques, we have limited the number of people who pray at the same time to a maximum of 3 people.
In order to reduce contact within personnel services, the number of services will be increased in accordance with the circular.
In accordance with the work schedule program, white collar staff working in offices will come alternately. In this process, white collar staff who need to come continuously due to the intensity of the work program will continue to work. Each department has done a flexible work program within itself. Our goal is to minimize as much contact as possible.
Working alternately the white-collar personnel will have common space and Micro connection so that they can work remotely. These personnel will continue their normal working behaviors as if they were working in the same company by making a quick turn to telephones, teleconferences and e-mails during their time working remotely, and will be available at any time.
In cases deemed very urgent and necessary, all personnel will be prepared to being call back for overtimes.
A maximum of 3 people will come side by side in offices and in closed areas such as the Quality Control Laboratory, preserving the social distance.
Locker rooms are closed for operators working shifts and blue-collar workers during the day shift. All employees are given spare work clothes. Employees will go home in their own work clothes and wash their work clothes or hang them on the balcony for ventilation without touching anywhere. They will come in a spare workwear the next day.
Staff entrances will be made from the usual place, but exits will be made from the back.
A maximum of 5 people will enter the rest room at the same time with social distance protection and tea will be brewed every hour.
Occupation Health Safety Specialist will continue to work part-time and continue their Occupation Health Safety activities without interruption.
Services will continue in normal order.
The use of masks in all areas within the company has become mandatory. Guests who come are also obliged to wear masks.
Personal distances are constantly controlled in 3 steps.
All personnel whose birth date is after January 1, 2000 were allowed in accordance with the final circular not to come to work.
Recycling bins for medical waste (masks and medical gloves used by staff) are positioned at different points in accordance with the last waste circular. Announcements for awareness were hung on all boards, e-mails and messages were sent from digital media.
The instructions were prepared to define the actions that must be followed by the drivers of the transportation companies who enters in our company. Each driver signs at the entrance of the company.
The direction of the pandemic in Turkey, the rules/regulations, circulars, etc. implemented and updated by the Turkish State, all kinds of action will be closely monitored on a daily basis and the above-taken actions will be updated.


text:
Breeders' Cup looks to add to rich history
By Bill Dwyre
The 28 years of horse racing's traveling carnival, also known as the Breeders' Cup, have been a tale of more than two cities; 10, actually, if you count Los Angeles and New York twice each for their separate participating tracks.
The history of this back-up-the-Brink's-truck event is best captured by continuing to borrow from Charles Dickens. It has had the best of times and the worst of times. There has also been a parade of colorful characters and achievers.
The worst of times was in 1990, when the sport had its gut punched with the fatal fall of Go For Wand. Nineteen years later, a husky lady named Zenyatta brought with her the best of times.
Before, during and after, there has been so much.
It has happened as the Breeders' Cup has rotated from Churchill Downs in Louisville, to Belmont and Aqueduct in New York, Hollywood Park and Santa Anita in Los Angeles, Gulfstream in Miami, Lone Star Park in Dallas, Arlington Park in Chicago, Woodbine in Toronto and Monmouth Park in New Jersey.
The first Breeders' Cup, then a one-day, $10-million, seven-race show, went off at Hollywood Park in 1984, and the main event, the Classic, was a near three-way dead heat. After a long wait, it was ruled that 31-1 shot Wild Again had edged out bigger-name, better-bred Slew Of Gold and Gate Dancer. It was the moment of a lifetime for trainer Vincent Timphony, who had encouraged everybody to bet his horse. Wild Again paid $64.60, and as the celebrating Timphony contingent left Hollywood Park, several tossed $100 bills over the balcony.
In 1986 at Santa Anita, an interesting pair combined to win the Juvenile Fillies with Brave Raj. Mel Stute was the trainer and a man who has never seen a wager he doesn't like. Dolly Green, an elderly new owner, was as delightful as she was rich. The daughter of oilman Burton Green, she once told a reporter her wealth was from her father's founding of Beverly Hills.
Just how much of Beverly Hills did he own, the reporter asked. "All of it," Green said.
In 2001 at Belmont, another interesting pair shared the winner's circle. Trainer Julio Canani, who speaks eight languages, often in the same sentence, saddled Val Royal to the Mile title. The owner was Hollywood producer David Milch. Ten years later, Milch brought a series to HBO called "Luck." It included several quirky racing figures, some speaking eight languages in the same sentence. "Luck" had none. Several horses died during production and the show was canceled.
Curlin won the Breeders' Cup Classic at Monmouth Park in 2007, bringing much introspection from his wealthy owner, Jess Jackson, of Kendall Jackson Winery. Would Jackson allow Curlin to run on Santa Anita's controversial synthetic track in 2008? A scheduled workout before the Breeders' Cup brought Jackson in. He and a party of six arrived from Northern California, spent 10 minutes observing, had lunch at the Derby and flew home. Curlin ran and lost to a European horse better on synthetics, Raven's Pass.
In 2005 at Belmont, a Bob Lewis-owned horse named Folklore won the Juvenile Fillies. Lewis, a retired beer distributor, had come to racing in 1990 with money and a personality as big as his booming voice. He barely missed winning Triple Crowns twice and set a fire under a simmering sport. Leading trainers then were D. Wayne Lukas and Bob Baffert. Owners jockeyed to get either. Lewis had both. Four months after Folklore won, Lewis died and so did a little of racing.
Breeders' Cup greatness has punctuated great careers.
Lukas is 77 and still going. He has won a record 18 Breeders' Cup races. Baffert is 59, has so many horses he needs a census taker and has won seven Breeders' Cup races. But neither had a day like Richard Mandella's in 2003, when he won four races.
Jerry Bailey rode his 15th Breeders' Cup winner in 2005 at Belmont Park, then retired the next year. That 15 looked difficult to reach. Then Mike Smith turned for home in last year's Classic at Churchill and kept going on Drosselmeyer, to a record-tying 15th win.
Go For Wand went down in 1990 at Belmont.
The year before at Gulfstream, Ron McAnally's Bayakoa won the Ladies Classic and Go For Wand the Juvenile Fillies. That set up a much-hyped Ladies Classic for the next year. They went neck and neck down the never-ending Belmont stretch until Go For Wand shattered a leg at the 16th pole, directly in front of a large crowd and an even larger TV audience. Go For Wand was euthanized and part of the sport's fan base also departed.
Nineteen years later, the ever-present Smith loosened the reins on an unbeaten mare named Zenyatta, 1,275 pounds of come-from-behind muscle, and urged her past the main grandstand at Santa Anita and past the rest of the field. The call from Trevor Denman was in perfect cadence to Zenyatta's closing lunges. "Un-Be-Lieve-A-Ble," Denman bellowed, over a screaming, goose-bumped crowd.
A female horse, especially one so beloved, had never beaten the boys in this toughest of races. It took nearly two decades, but racing had an antidote to Go For Wand.
This year's version of the Breeders' Cup, Friday and Saturday at Santa Anita, is now 14 races worth more than $25 million. Zenyatta is in Kentucky having babies, Dolly Green died in 1990, Vincent Timphony in 2010 and Jess Jackson in 2011.
But Stute is around, looking for a dream superfecta, Denman still has the microphone, Smith has rides and Canani still speaks Mandarin Latin.
More best of times await.
bill.dwyre@latimes.com
Rohan Dennis quits Tour de France in bizarre fashion
Time trial world champion Rohan Dennis pulled out of the Tour de France during Thursday's Stage 12, leaving his team wondering where he had gone.
Morning Briefing: Don't aim a laser pointer at Tom Brady or you'll be singed in court
Kansas City Chiefs fan Dwyan Morgan, who flashed a laser pointer at Tom Brady during the AFC Championship game in January, pleaded guilty in court to disturbing the peace and was fined $500.
Newsletter: Racing! A difficult morning at Del Mar
Horse racing newsletter
Manny Pacquaio tries, at 40, to prove he's a fighter for the ages
To many people, Manny Pacquiao is becoming an ageless wonder. Others wonder why somebody his age -- 40 -- is still boxing.
Sierra Canyon nears 'super team' status with arrival of Ziaire Williams
Top basketball player from Sherman Oaks Notre Dame is latest to join Sierra Canyon
Astros catch up early to take down pitcher Matt Harvey and the Angels
A lack of velocity by Angels pitcher Matt Harvey results in two home runs and an eventual 6-2 loss to the Houston Astros.
Angels' Albert Pujols exits game with left hamstring tightness but is not expected to miss much time
Albert Pujols exited the Angels' loss on Thursday night with left hamstring tightness, but is not expected to "miss much, if any, time," according to manager Brad Ausmus. Pujols was officially listed by the team as day-to-day.
The rivalry between the Galaxy and LAFC— known as El Trafico— got off to an auspicious start
With the teams returning to Dignity Health Sports Park on Friday for their first meeting of 2019, Times reporter Kevin Baxter interviewed a cross section of fans, players, coaches, broadcasters and club executives for this oral history of one of the most memorable games in recent MLS history.
Dodgers ask season-ticket holders to pay for 2020 seats this August
The Dodgers asked season-ticket holders for their first payment for 2020 seats by Aug. 22. And, by the way, prices have gone up again.


text:
Friday, Jan 21st 2022 10PM 25°F 1AM 24°F 5-Day Forecast
Kylian Mbappe 'could EASILY' sign for Newcastle United after Saudi-led takeover as France star is 'frustrated and tired by his situation at PSG', insists ex-Arsenal star Emmanuel Petit
Kylian Mbappe has endured a tricky start to the season at Paris Saint-Germain
The French World Cup winner has argued with star team-mate Neymar
The forward has been linked with a 'dream' move to LaLiga giants Real Madrid
Yet Emmanuel Petit added Newcastle to Mbappe's list of potential destinations
By Kieran Jackson For Mailonline
Former Arsenal and Chelsea midfielder Emmanuel Petit believes Kylian Mbappe 'could easily' sign for Newcastle following their Saudi-led takeover last month.
Mbappe, who moved to PSG from Monaco in 2017, has scored seven goals in all competitions for PSG this season but has endured a tricky start, showing his frustration with star team-mate Neymar on one occasion.
His contract at the Parc des Princes expires next year and the French World Cup winner has been heavily linked with a move to Real Madrid - yet compatriot Petit insisted that Newcastle's new-found wealth makes them a contender too.
Emmanuel Petit (left) insists Kylian Mbappe (right) 'could easily' sign for Newcastle United
Mbappe has scored seven goals in all competitions but is yet to sign a new contract in Paris
IAN LADYMAN: Mauricio Pochettino was on the charm offensive... 'We won't miss him if he leaves': Mauricio Pochettino has... Mauricio Pochettino leaves the door open for Manchester... Champions League state of play: Man United can qualify for...
'Anything can happen,' 1998 World Cup winner Petit told Gambling.com when asked above Mbappe's future.
'We see what's happened with Newcastle United – there have been rumours and you never know what's going to happen at the end of the day, things could turn very easily and very quickly.
'There is a big link with Real Madrid and I know that in his mind when he was a child he was dreaming of playing for clubs like this, because of the stars they have there and the history of the club.
'I think he's been frustrated and tired by the situation at PSG over the past year. We've seen some trouble on the pitch between players both at Paris Saint-Germain and the national team, which was reflective in his game and his mood.
Mbappe showed his anger with Neymar when substituted in a Ligue 1 clash back in September
'Maybe he's interested in Real Madrid because he's tired of what's happening here in France. I think he gets the feeling sometimes that he doesn't get the same recognition as players like [Lionel] Messi or Neymar.
'Messi, before he came here, he was the king of Barcelona. But for me, the king of Paris Saint-Germain is Mbappe, not Messi or Neymar. With all the respect I have for Messi, Mbappe is still number one.'
Mbappe is set to be in action on Wednesday night in the Champions League, with the Ligue 1 side up against Manchester City at the Etihad Stadium.
Who Will Sign Kylian Mbappe On A Free Transfer Next Summer?
PSG star Kylian Mbappe 'could easily' sign for Newcastle United, says Emmanuel Petit
The dark side of South Korean Olympic skating glory: How cases of sexual assault and bullying, death threats and even accusations of sabotaging races have dogged skaters and coaches ever since the 2018 Games in Pyeongchang
Fulham have scored a STAGGERING 19 goals in three games, and are now on course to net 124 this season! With Mitrovic being fed by young stars Wilson and Carvalho, ex-Everton boss Marco Silva is restoring his reputation


Free halloween coloring printables . Halloween Coloring S Printable The Sun Flower Pages. Coloring Pages: Free Printable Color Pages For Adults Printable. Best Disney Halloween Coloring Page Images On. Coloring Pages ~ Halloween Coloring Printables Sheet Printable Pages. Kids Coloring Sheets | Coloring Pages For Kids. Happy Halloween Coloring Sheet Coloring Sheets Printable Free. All About Coloring Pages.
Printable Halloween Coloring Pages. Halloween Color Pages Free Coloring Pages For Kids Printable. Dental Halloween Coloring Pages Darach Info Printable Pictures. Free Geometric Coloring Pages Refrence Free Geometric Coloring Pages. Free Printable Halloween Coloring Pages For Kids Print Them All.


Hey cargo bike folks, I've put my hand up to organise the cargo bike picnic as party of the 2015 Sydney Rides Festival. Does anyone want to help out? I may need a bit of help this year as I have moved to Nowra (cargo bike capital of the South Coast).
Thanks for handling this, Mark.
What sort of help are you seeking?
Likewise, if you can tell us the help needed (and timeframe) it'll be worth seeing who can help.
Yep looks like Spring Cycle is on the 18th Oct, so Cargo Bike Picnic will be the weekend before, or after. Depends what else is on.
I will need help with distributing posters to shops, sticking up flyers/posters on popular bike routes and possibly posing for media photos.
Also might need help doing a route recon.
Plus I always need help with artwork for posters/flyers, but if I get a grant from City of Sydney then I can pay someone to do it.
.. plus I'm going to a meeting this coming Tuesday in at Town Hall if anyone is enthused.
We are in Melbourne, but happy to help in anyway we can! Just let me know.
Would it be a good idea to add this event idea to 'Upcoming Events', to encourage others to go?
What do you hope to happen at this picnic, and where?