With 1093 patents to his credit Edison has been an undisputed king of the patent world. At least a third of these patents have been related to incandescent lamps, generation and distribution of electricity. So one would expect that the electricity related patents might have been Edison's greatest assets. Now, contrast this understanding with a remark from his biography Edison his life and inventions - Edison confesses that he has never made a cent out of his patents in electric light and power—in fact, that they have been an expense to him, and thus a free gift to the world. It is like Sachin Tendulkar saying all those centuries didn't help India win. Is there some kind of paradox here? After all, aren't patents supposed to create temporary monopolies? And if you have a few hundred, shouldn't you be in a good position to beat competition? Then why didn't Edison make any money in electricity business? Let's explore the paradox which we call "patent paradox" in this article.
Now let's start with the cynical proverb referred in Edison's biography – A patent is merely a title to a lawsuit. How much money did Edison and his companies put in patent litigation? Upwards of two million dollars involving over two hundred lawsuits. That's a lot of money, lawsuits and energy! The filament patent (part of light bulb) was the star attraction for legal battles resulting in over six thousand pages of legal record. So there was a lot of waste of paper too! The biography says - Every conceivable phase of ingenuity that could be devised by technical experts was exercised in the attempt to show that Edison had accomplished nothing new. Edison won but at a huge cost. Edison wasn't dumb. So why did he go after patents? Let's do a quick summary on what and why of patenting from patent FAQ at World Intellectual Property Organization.
It provides an exclusive right to the inventor without whose consent the invention can't be commercially made, used, distributed or sold.
Nobody can deny the benefits patents offer to society. But how about the patent holder? Is everything hunky-dory for the patent holder?
Well, not really. Richard Tedlow, a business history professor at Harvard, points out three perils associated with patents in his book Giants of Enterprise. First, as we saw earlier they generate lawsuits. Second, a patent is a public document tipping off the rest of the industry to the company's direction. Third, if a patent can be "invented around," the information may cost the company dearly.
In technology based innovations, patents are essential. However, they are certainly not sufficient in keeping competitors at bay. As Peter Drucker pointed out a quarter of a century ago in his book Innovation and Entrepreneurship – Bright ideas are the riskiest and least successful source of innovative opportunities. The casualty rate is enormous. No more than one out of every hundred patents for an innovation earns enough to pay back development costs and patent fees. A far smaller proportion, perhaps as low as one in five hundred, makes any money above its out-of-pocket costs.
What should systematic innovators do then? We will look at how one contemporary of Edison successfully resolved the patent paradox in the next article.


2019-04-19: Some days you don't send an emergency text message to 15,000 people. Some days you do.
2019-03-13: Off to a work conference today.
2019-02-05: Making some changes. Both online and off. Will write them up soon.
2019-01-29: We made it in! Got a great welcome!
2019-01-29: Meeting the delegates and senators!
2019-01-28: I found this genuinely humorous.
2019-01-25: After 25 years out of the dojo, I brought a new guy with me, my son!
2019-01-22: It is amazing that after 25 years outside of the dojo, I was surprisingly proficient last night.
2019-01-18: Another day with a tie.
2019-01-17: 📸 Today is a suit day.
2018-09-04: First day of school.
2018-08-09: Thanks @shawngambill for the great cut!
2018-08-09: First long distance #boostedboard ride. The weather and traffic were perfect!
2018-07-27: Sailing away from St. Maarten.
2018-07-22: Me. Slightly intoxicated… I lost my shirt. Ready to depart!
2018-06-04: Esther sampling a triple decker home-made oatmeal cream pie.
2018-05-15: Pretty sure I just walked past the Winkelvoss twins in a hotel bar.
2018-05-12: A delicious drink and huevos rancheros!
2018-05-06: Finally got OwnYourGram all set up!
2018-05-01: I have tried to setup OwnYourGram.com with m.b, but I can't get it to work… what am I doing wrong?
2018-04-30: Not a cloud in the sky!
2018-04-26: Lifting weights is getting simultaneously easier and harder. The diet is just getting harder.
2018-04-22: Got my Earth Day achievement!
2018-04-18: This is a test post from Drafts.
2018-04-01: Reward for surviving the Penland Easter egg hunt.
2018-03-31: Work from Penland School of the Arts. Got my creative fires lit again.
2018-03-18: Brunch with my favorite people at my favorite spot.
2018-03-06: Thank you all for the tea suggestions. I will now begin my exploration beyond tea bags!
2018-02-15: Okay big day for your ears! Multiple b3noit.com podcast episodes dropping!
2018-02-14: Pinewood derby cars are ready to race!
2018-02-09: Also, not normally a creeper, but I needed to have photographic proof!
2018-02-09: Multipad lifestyle in the wild!!
2018-02-08: Also, @estherbenoit is the best editor! Seriously. Check out her work!
2018-02-06: Getting ready to interview.
2018-02-05: Some post lobbying libations.
2018-02-05: Also, said "ma'am" once already. Will try harder.
2018-02-04: ✅ A morning rpg session with the family for the next episode of DiceRolling.Family.
2018-02-03: It is Saturday, so it is Conversation Show episode day! Enjoy!
2018-02-01: Oh Lord! Episode 6 of @Conversationshow is going to be a wild one! Look for it on Feb 10!
2018-01-30: Not feeling well yesterday or today. Fingers crossed for a recovery by tomorrow.
2018-01-25: Well, looks like the podcast thing is going to stick around. Just bought mics and a mixer.
2018-01-25: When it works, taking the kids to school is great!
2018-01-21: It seems like we are going to have a family podcast network in the near future.
2018-01-21: Another day, another morning at a pool.
2018-01-20: The kids are doing quite a number on my Space Marines.
2018-01-17: Didn't sleep well. Will somehow make it through the day.
2018-01-07: Hey @conversationshow! The beinenstisch was amazing!
2018-01-04: I just saw some Advantix film in someone's fridge.
2018-01-03: Shopping list for Snowmaggedon 2018: hot chocolate sleds firewood Everything else is secondary.
2017-12-23: Hostiles on the hill - Bad Lip Reading I have always enjoyed Bad Lip Reading's political videos, but this Star Wars one is just a delight!
2017-12-19: You guys?! Disney now owns Die Hard!
2017-12-11: Tonight's movie is A New Hope. Han shoots first. Always.
2017-12-10: While mom is away, the mice will eat sandwiches.
2017-12-08: Today is a day to lay ground work for future improvements. Much work to be done.
2017-11-27: Someone is getting very comfortable.
2017-11-22: Testing, testing. 1. 2. 3.
2017-07-19: Beard trimmed, hair on point, ready for Tuesday.
2017-07-15: Cuban, watermelon and feta. Fair Winds double IPA. Best dinner companion.
2017-07-13: Worth every penny and more!
2016-10-30: Pretzel as big as his head!
2016-09-04: Hippocampus - pepper blonde - so amazing!
2016-09-04: Backyard bonfire, on the house after Guy helped fix the door.
2016-08-27: First time at Cars & Coffee. Quite a display.
2016-04-01: Headed back to the park!
2016-04-01: Two dudes, checking out a mermaid.
2016-03-31: Couple of speed demons!
2016-03-31: Meeting my favorite characters.
2016-03-31: Star Tours, the ride strikes back.
2016-03-30: One photo Star Tours review.
2016-03-30: She is proud of her rare purple monorail pin. I have created a pin-trading monster.
2016-03-30: Hollywood studios here we come!
2016-03-30: She loves the People Mover as much as I do!
2016-03-29: Monorail ride into the Magic Kingdom!
2015-10-16: Cereal and cookies. The breakfast of champions!
2012-11-16: The best Home Alone (tweet: 269315355078443008) Take a minute to think about it. Spot on.
2012-11-13: Rob Trew's Scripts Rob Trew's scripts are some of the best Omnifocus scripting out there.
2012-10-25: Regex Search and Replace Scripts I continually refer back to this, so why not put it in my outboard brain.
2011-11-01: Reply-allcalypse (tweet: 131448991098478592) Jason Kottke, coining a new term relevant to the modern age.
2005-10-24: Question… If your urine smells faintly of coffee, does that mean you drink too much?


Yesterday, 29th August we went for my 3 month x-ray check up. I have to have frog legs and straight-ish legs x-rays done at Dr Liu's office. I like having x-rays. It's very quick. I lie down, then after a beep it's over. My mum and dad always stare at the photo immediately when they see it on the screen. They tell me it's digital, whatever that means, so they can see it straight away. This time, my mum says it looks different and there are lots of white patches on the bone. I ask if it's OK. Then Dr Liu comes in and looks at and then smiles.
We go into his office and I spot a white scarf hanging on a short hat stand. Dr Liu asks me if I know where it's from. I guess Laos or Thailand, but he tells me it's from Tibet. It's a Tibetan prayer scarf and I like it. It's pure white and silky. I feel it while my mum and dad listen to Dr Liu. He still wears nice shoes.
So, he says he can't see any further bone damage. It's impossible to tell if necrosis has stopped, but he thinks there is no further bone loss since last xray in May. I need to continue to keep my weight of my left leg and not to run, jump etc. Swimming is still good he says.
Dr Liu wrote my charity event day in his diary and asked about my handbike. I think he likes it and said he will come to join us and buy a T shirt.
I think it was a good check up.


In a very interesting divorce-related story out of Houston, a police homicide investigator was relieved of duty last week over allegations that he may have engaged in bigamy, meaning he was married to more than one woman at one time.
Specifically, the Houston Police Department is currently conducting an ongoing criminal and administrative investigation into the conduct of homicide investigator David G., 34, who joined the department back in 2001.
According to reports, Sarah G., 24, officially filed for divorce from David G. back on May 25, 2011 — less than a year after the couple was married — citing both adultery and cruel treatment.
Interestingly, a marriage certificate from Walton County, Florida shows that David G. married another Houston woman on June 17, 2011, less than a month after the filing of the divorce petition.
David G. and Sarah G. were finally granted a divorce on January 20, 2012.
It is worth noting that under Texas law, a person has a defense to prosecution for bigamy if they "reasonably believed" that their prior marriage was dissolved by death, divorce, or annulment.
Thus far, David G. has chosen to remain silent on the matter.


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Society›
Economy›
Gini coefficient: disposable income differences in Finland in 2007-2017
Annual disposable income differences* as assessed by the Gini coefficient in Finland from 2007 to 2017
by Agnete Lundetræ Jürgensen, last edited May 31, 2019
This statistic shows the disposable cash income differences as assessed by the Gini coefficient in Finland from 2007 to 2017. The difference in income was highest in 2007 when it measured at 28 percent. In 2017, the Gini coefficient amounted to 26.9 percent.
Gini coefficient
* includes imputed rents and capital gains
The source adds the following information: "Indicators are based on the distribution of disposable income per consumption unit among persons. Data in EUR are in year 2017 prices. Consumption units : OECD modified equivalence scale (1.0 - 0.5 - 0.3)."
The Gini coefficient measures the inequality among values of a frequency distribution (for example levels of income). A Gini coefficient of zero expresses perfect equality where all values are the same (for example, where everyone has an exactly equal income). A Gini coefficient of one (100 on the percentile scale) expresses maximal inequality among values (for example where only one person has all the income).
Here it is expressed as a percentage.
Mean disposable income per household UK 2000-2018
Median disposable income per household in the UK 2000-2018
Average annual wages and salaries per household in the UK, by decile 2018
Mean disposable income in the UK by age 2017/2018
Average annual income in China 2011, by education and residency
Distribution of opioid abusers in the U.S. 2011-2015, by area income level
Opioid abuse rates in the U.S. 2011-2015, by area income level
U.S. adults that attempted weight loss between 2013-2016, by gender and income
Earnings of disabled workers in South Korea 2000-2014
Share of adults in Texas who are smokers 2016, by income level
Annual per capita disposable income of households in China 2017, by income category
Individual life insurance ownership in the U.S. 2015, by household income
Residential segregation of low-income households in the U.S. 2010, by metro area
Inequality in the U.S. - self-classification of citizens as haves/have-nots
Cosmetics product purchase frequency of female U.S. consumers 2017, by income
Residential segregation of upper-income households in the U.S. 2010, by metro area
Frequency of compliance with recycling guidelines by income level in France 2017
Penetration of car rental services by income in France 2017
Golf: breakdown of the public sector earnings in the UK 2014, by source
Wage gap for African American women in the U.S. 2013, by state
Inequality in the U.S. - self-classification of citizens as haves/have-nots 2011
Wage inequality in the United States
Wages and salaries in the United States
Poverty and income in the United States
Average wage and salary in the U.S.
Wage inequality in the U.S.
Minimum Wage in the United States
Gender inequality in Italy
Tech specialist income in the United Kingdom (UK)
America's Shrinking Middle Class: A Close Look at Changes Within Metropolitan Areas
Census 2011: Income dynamics and poverty status of households in South Africa

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Electric cars are quiet. Maybe too quiet.
Narwhal19 Posted on July 2, 2019
There's an ongoing controversy over whether electric vehicles (EVs) should emit sounds to let the blind and other pedestrians know they're on the scene. Some think those sounds should be standardized — like the "beep, beep, beep" of heavy machinery backing up, so you'll think "something heavy this way comes" when you hear it — and some think any sound will do.
Several car companies have created their own sounds, especially for cars marketed outside the United States.
I wrote a New York Times piece on this topic, and judging from the response, it's clear people really get caught up in the possibilities. If car owners can just get control over the process and customize their sounds, the "cartones" industry will be born, and soon people will be spending tens of millions of dollars on them. Of course, there are also an amazing number of possible pitfalls. Can you imagine using Rick James' "Superfreak" as your cartone, and then waking up your neighbor when you get home from a party at 3 a.m.?
This is a serious subject, though. Plug-in hybrid cars and battery EVs are super-quiet, and a study at the University of California, Riverside concludes that people listening to recordings on headphones can hear a regular gas car coming from 28 feet away, but a hybrid in battery mode only when it's seven feet away.
EU changes EV rules
In response, the European Union has put new rules into play: As of July 1, all new electric vehicle models must have a noise-emitting device, which sounds like a traditional engine. Starting in 2021, all new electric vehicles of any model will need the acoustic vehicle alert system or AVAS. That sound will come into play when the car is reversing or when it's traveling at less than 12 miles an hour — speeds at which cars are more likely to be mingling with pedestrians.
That's a nice start, say representatives for the blind, but more is needed.
"We're calling on the government to take this announcement further by requiring AVAS on all existing electric and hybrid vehicles and to ensure drivers have them switched on," John Welsman, guide dog owner and Guide Dogs staff member, said in a statement shared by CNN.
This action followed in the steps of Japan, which was an early adopter, passing its rules in 2010. Meanwhile, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration passed its final ruling in February 2018, requiring vehicles to emit sound if they're traveling slower than 18.6 mph.
Drivers in most instances have the ability to shut off the device when needed.
My guess is that they will eventually be standardized so your mind will automatically register "electric car" when you hear it. And that's probably a good thing to reduce the mayhem on the roads.
Editor's note: This story has been updated with new information since it was first published in October 2009.
Jim Motavalli ( @jmotavalli ) writes about cars, technology and the environmental world to anyone curious enough to ask.
Related on MNN:
Automakers are devising unique sounds to let the blind and other pedestrians know that EVs are approaching. Now the EU requires it on new vehicles.
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UK Report: Active transportation can fight climate change, air pollution and traffic congestion
New York's new e-bike rules are a botch that miss the entire point of the e-bike revolution


In a major development in HK jurisprudence, the CFA adds a 4th leg to the proportionality test when restricting a constitutional right. If the restriction pursues a legitimate aim, is rationally connected to that aim and is no more than is necessary to achieve that aim, then the 4th leg is whether a reasonable balance has been struck between the societal benefits of the restriction and the infringement of the constitutional right, asking in particular whether it results in an unacceptably harsh burden on the individual. Kudos to Hysan for bringing this case.


Sahly/Anderson is a manufacturer representative agency dedicated to providing processing and support equipment to the plastics market in Illinois, Wisconsin and NW Indiana. Our company was first established in 1974. We are currently a three person professional sales team with a combined experience of over 75 years. Our strength is providing bulk storage silos for resin, high capacity railcar unloading and silo to machine transfer systems for pellets, powder and regrind. We provide complete systems with all components for single source responsibility.
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Our company is well established with a solid customer base. Our years of experience cover injection molding, extrusion and blow molding processes. We know pellets, powder and regrind.


Pre Coated Exterior Cladding - Blamphayne Sawmills Ltd.
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The Pride of South Texas has always been known for its big sound and will present their 2015 show, "Selena", with the colorguard in a brand new look! Abraham Armendariz will be the instructor for the 2015 marching season of the Javelina Marching Band. He has been a member of the Javelina Colorguard from the 2009-2012 marching seasons, the assistant instructor for 2013, and the instructor for 2014. He has also marched with an open class drum corp in the summers of 2009 and 2011 as a guard member. Add him on Facebook so you can be added to the guard page and receive any additional information you may need.
The Javelina Colorguard is an extension of The Texas A&M University Kingsville Music Department! Our goal is not to develop colorguard teachers or professionals, but adults who are high-achieving individuals competent in the sport of colorguard and their field of study.
-Register for the Javelina Colorguard on www.tamukbands.com under the Javelina Marching Band tab.
You will have opportunities to work on rifle and saber in the fall of 2015. If you are interested in spinning rifle, you need to provide your own equipment. You can go to http://www.thebandhall.com/ to purchase a rifle. The brand of rifle is the "Elite 4!" with a black or silver bolt and black strap. The 39" rifle is $32.95. Auditions will be held the Sunday of check-in. Sabers will be provided by the university.


Been to Social yet? I have to say, I am not a big fan of the Defence Colony one as the food is quite dull. Yet, the Connaught Place outpost has outdone itself with a new menu that's inventive and fun (this is an addition to the old menu). The sprawling space has a distinct vibe; young, excitable, energetic. Yet if you are looking to capture some of that old CP nostalgia, pick a spot on the terrace and watch the neon lights from the other bars and restaurants beam in the distance.
Begin with the seekh kebabs that are crunchy yet moist. Truly delicious. The dum aloo which is a puff pastry stuffed with a spicy potato mix is a take on the humble aloo patty found across canteens in the country and failed to inspire. Remember to wash this down with an Old Monk kala khatta which comes in a banta-style bottle and is wicked (it also makes you feel like you are back in college). The pulpy narangi masala gin also combines the fun flavours of oranges and spiced gin.
For mains, the pasta tiffin box is a must try. The delightful chorizo fettucini in a cheesy white sauce that has all the ingredients of a successful pasta. The sauce is super cheesy, the flavours clean and the dish comes together quite nicely. The other attractive dish on the menu is the Black Label infused drunk butter chicken. Full marks for being inventive, but the otherwise delicious butter chicken's flavour is marked bitter by the overdose of whisky. Maybe a small shot of the liquor would work better as it wouldn't mar the original flavours of the dish.
The meal can be ended with a toffee pudding on a bed of crushed biscuit which is sticky, sweet and loaded with calories. Head to Social for an evening where fun food and drink are the norm, the service is delightful and the music, reminiscent of life in the 80s.


People traumatized by the Boston Marathon bombings may soon get help from Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) volunteers who have been working to support the Newtown, Conn., community following the deadly massacre at the Sandy Hook Elementary School in December 2012. In an exclusive interview with tapeunit.com on April 28, Lori Leyden, Ph.D., head of the Tapping Solution for Newtown: Stress and Trauma Relief Project, says she is reaching out to established trauma specialists in the Boston area to explain how EFT may help those who were traumatized by the April 15 bombings that killed three people and injured hundreds more.
Dr. Leyden recently moved from California to Newtown to oversee the volunteer effort there. She and Nick Ortner, who launched the relief project, have been assessing the needs of the Newtown community, training a group of 35 EFT volunteers and using EFT — which is also called tapping — with individuals and groups to support their healing.
Dr. Leyden has worked extensively with trauma victims. She also heads Project Light: Rwanda, a program that has made tremendous strides helping genocide survivors in Rwanda.
Dr. Leyden and Ortner, who launched the relief project, are seeking funding to open a center in Newtown for EFT workshops and sessions. They also are developing a community-based trauma relief model that can be replicated across the country and around the world.
No one expected that within months another New England community would be rocked by a different devastating event.
In a statement released by the project, Harvard Medical School psychiatrist Eric Leskowitz, MD said that EFT/tapping is the treatment of choice for rapid intervention in traumatic situations. He added that using EFT can help prevent the development of full-blown PTSD.
Subscribe to my examiner feed at the top of this page (under the headline) to get instant updates when national EFT articles are posted.


Our client has a vacancy for a paralegal to join their Social Housing Sales team, part of the firm's Real Estate group. This is a one year fixed term contract.
The role is to work with the team to provide a high quality legal service to Housing Association clients, dealing with a variety of sale transactions including shared ownership, 'right to buy', 'Surrender' and Plot Sales' Transactions.


The beautiful and must visit cities, towns and villages in Bhutan are: Thimphu (capital), Phuntsholing, Punakha, Samdrup Jongkhar, Paro, Geylegphug, Trashigang, Wangdue Phodrang, Taga Dzong, Trongsa, Jakar (Dzongkha), Mongar and Damphu.
Reasons for visiting Bhutan are the many forts, fortresses, convents, monastereries and temples, the trekking paths and the stunning nature, Bhutan has a great variety of bird species, flowers & plants and forests (trees).
The stunning nature changes because of the height differences of Bhutan, the lowest point of Bhutan is about 100 meter above sea level and rises well above 7500 meters. Above 4000 meter there's no forest. Between 2000 to 4000 meter you will find beautiful forests and under the 2000 meter tropical or subtropical vegetation. The forest types in Bhutan are: Fir forests, mixed Conifer forest, Blue Pine forest, Chirpine forest, Broadleaf mixed with Conifer, Upland Hardwood forest, Lowland Hardwood forest, and Tropical Lowland forests. Animals you will probaly or hope to see are: the snow leopards (very rare), the Bengal tigers, the red panda, the gorals and the langurs, the Himalayan black bear and sambars, the wild pigs and the barking deer, the blue sheep and the musk deer. In the tropical forests of Southern Bhutan one can come across the clouded leopards (very rare), the one horned rhinoceros, elephants, golden langur that is unique to Bhutan, the water buffaloes and the swamp deer.
Lowest point in Bhutan is the Drangme Chhu river, which flows at 97 meters above sea level and the highest is Kula Kangri, which is 7561 meters.
Bhutan used to be one of the most isolated nations in the world, but developments including direct international flights, internet, mobile phone networks, and cable television have increasingly opened the doors. Yet, Bhutan has balanced modernization with its ancient culture and traditions under the guiding philosophy of Gross National Happiness (GNH).


If you would like to apply to perform at Luscious Cabaret please fill out the below form. We book our shows on a quarterly rotation. If you are not available on the dates in the drop down link below keep an eye on our Facebook & Instagram pages for announcements of future dates.
PLEASE NOTE: New performer slots are unpaid but we do offer paid slots after you have performed with us once.


text:
En 1419 le pape Martin V cède le fief de Bracciano aux Orsini de la branche de Tagliacozzo. En 1696, le château est vendu à Livio Odescalchi, neveu du Pape Innocent XI, et le titre passe à la famille Odescalchi.

Les Orsini des comtes de Tagliacozzo

 Carlo Orsini (1419 - † après 1445)
Seigneur de Pacentro, Lamentana, Fornello, Scrofano, Selci, Campagnano et Trevignano : noble romain.

Carlo Orsini est le quatrième fils de Giovanni Orsini, seigneur de Nerola et sénateur de Rome, et de Bartolomea Spinelli. Il est le frère de ses aînés Francesco, conseiller royal et Maréchal du royaume de Sicile, Giordano, cardinal-archevêque de Naples, et Orsino, Grand Chancelier du royaume de Naples. Cette branche de la famille Orsini descende de Napoleone Orsini, premier comte de Tagliacozzo en 1253, le comté de Tagliacozzo ayant échu à une autre branche. Carlo Orsini épouse Paola Gironima Orsini des comtes de Tagliacozzo.

En 1419 le Pape Martin V investit Carlo Orsini de la seigneurie et du vicariat de Bracciano. Patrice de Venise en 1426, il devient seigneur de Pouzzoles et Grand Connétable du royaume de Sicile sous Jeanne II.

 Napoleone Orsini (après 1445 - † à Rome le )
Fils aîné du précédent, seigneur de Bracciano, Campagnano, Trevignano, Scrofano, Bardella et Fornello : noble romain et patrice vénitien.

Il épouse Francesca Orsini († après le ). C'est lui qui édifie pour l'essentiel le château qui domine la cité de Bracciano. Il devient par héritage  de Tagliacozzo et Albe et baron de Cerbara, ainsi que seigneur de Vicovaro, Scarpa, Roccagiovine, Scanzano et Castelvecchio en 1456. Il vend Canino en 1460. Il est nommé par le pape Capitaine Général de la Sainte Église Romaine en 1464 et encore à partir de 1477. Il achète en 1467 à la famille Pagano les droits sur Corbara, Carcumello, Poggio Filippo, Pagliano et Flumine, ainsi que l'usufruit de l'abbaye della Vittoria. En 1476, il abandonne au Pape avec ses frères ses droits sur les fiefs et vicariats de Torre, Roccantica, Silice et Castiglione. Il possédait 43 fiefs dans le royaume de Naples et servit le roi de Naples comme condottiere.

 Gentil-Virginio Orsini ( - † empoisonné à Naples en janvier 1497)
Fils aîné du précédent,  de Tagliacozzo et Albe, baron de Corbara (avec Carcumello, Poggio Filippo, Pagliano et Flumine) : seigneur de Bracciano, Trevignano, Scrofano, Bardella, Fornello et Isola Farnese : noble romain et patrice vénitien.

Il épouse Isabella Orsini, fille de Raimondo Orsini, prince de Salerne. Il est fait chevalier de l'Ordre d'Ermellino en 1463, ainsi que patrice napolitain à l'occasion du siège de Capoue en 1490.

Il achète aux Cybo le  le comté d'Anguillara et les seigneuries de Monterano, Cerveteri, Vianino, Bagni di Stigliano et Rota. Gentil-Virginio Orsini fut Grand Connétable du royaume de Naples jusqu'en juin 1495, date à laquelle le roi Ferdinand II lui confisque pour félonie son comté de Tagliacozzo et tous ses fiefs dans le royaume.

 Gian-Giordano Orsini (janvier 1497 - † au château de Vicovaro en octobre 1517)
Fils aîné du précédent,  de Tagliacozzo et Albe (fiefs conquis par les Colonna en 1502, rendus en juin 1506, définitivement perdus par la suite), seigneur de Bracciano, Campagnano, Trevignano, Scrofano, Vicovaro et Fornello : noble romain, patrice napolitain (inscrit lors du siège de Capoue) et patrice vénitien.

Il épouse en premières noces à Naples le  Maria-Cécilia d'Aragon (née en 1473, † en janvier ou février 1503), fille naturelle et légitimée du roi de Naples Ferdinand  et en secondes noces à Rome le  Felice della Rovere (née à Savone vers 1483, † à Bracciano le ), fille naturelle et légitimée du Pape Jules II.

Gian-Giordano Orsini obtient la dignité de Premier Assistant au Seuil Pontifical après la paix avec la famille Colonna voulue par le Pape Jules II en 1511. Cette dignité donne à la branche de Bracciano une prééminence sur toutes les autres branches de la famille Orsini à la Cour Pontificale. Gian-Giordano Orsini était chevalier de l'Ordre de Saint-Michel, général français et portait le qualificatif d'Altesse.

 Girolamo Orsini (octobre 1517 - † vers 1545)
Fils du précédent et de Felice della Rovere, seigneur de Bracciano, Campagnano, Galeria, Trevignano, Scrofano, Fornello et Vicovaro : noble romain, patrice vénitien (confirmé par le Sénat de Venise en 1534, titre purement honorifique) et patrice napolitain, Premier Assistant au Seuil Pontifical.

Il obtient les seigneuries de son père après que son demi-frère aîné Napoleone (fils de Gian-Giordano et de Maria-Cécilia d'Aragon) eut renoncé à ses droits pour devenir ecclésiastique (il sera abbé de San Salvatore de Farfa deux ans plus tard en 1519). Ce dernier quitte plus tard l'état religieux pour revendiquer l'héritage de son père, mais sans succès, n'obtenant que la seigneurie de Vicovaro, qui lui est ultérieurement confisquée par le Pape. Napoleone est finalement assassiné sur ordre de Girolamo en 1533 près de la Porte de Lateran à Rome.

Girolamo Orsini épouse Francesca Sforza († après le ), fille de Bosio II, comte de San Fiora.

 Paolo Giordano  Orsini (vers 1545 - † à Salò le )
Fils aîné du précédent, seigneur, puis en 1558,  de Bracciano (le duché comprenait Bracciano, Campagnano, Cerveteri, Anguillara, Galeria, Scrofano, Trevignano, Monterano, Formello, Isola, Vicovaro, Cantalupo, Bardella, San Gregorio et Saracinesco) : noble romain, patrice vénitien et patrice napolitain, Premier Assistant au Seuil Pontifical.

Paolo Giordano né à Bracciano en 1541. Il n'a donc que quatre ans environ lorsqu'il hérite de son père. En 1560, il obtient le titre de  d'Anguillara. Ce titre passe par la suite à la primogéniture masculine des ducs de Bracciano.

En 1565, il épouse Isabelle de Médicis (née à Florence le ), fille du grand-duc de Toscane Cosme  de Médicis. Il l'assassine à Empoli le .

Pendant la bataille de Lépante, Paolo Giordano Orsini a le grade de Général de l'infanterie pontificale. Peu après le , il épouse en secondes noces à Rome Vittoria Accoramboni (née à Gubbio le , assassinée à Padoue le 22 ou ).

 Virginio Orsini ( - † à Rome le )
Fils aîné du précédent,  de Bracciano, comte d'Anguillara, seigneur de Trevignano, Cerveteri, Isola, Campagnano, Galeria, Scrofano, Fornello, San Gregorio, Monterano et Corese : noble romain, patrice vénitien et patrice napolitain; Premier Assistant au Seuil Pontifical.

Il nait en 1572 du premier mariage de Paolo Giordano  et prend aussitôt le titre de  d'Anguillara en tant que premier fils.

Le , il épouse Flavia Peretti Damasceni († à Rome le ). En 1594, il commande 100 arquebusiers et 100 cuirassiers toscans dans la guerre contre les turcs en Hongrie. En 1600, il devient Grand d'Espagne de première classe et en 1605 chevalier de la Toison d'Or. En 1607, il obtient la pleine propriété de Vicovaro avec Bardella, Saracinesco et Cantalupo. Il était également chevalier de l'Ordre de Saint-Étienne et Général de l'armée pontificale.

 Paolo-Giordano II Orsini ( - † à Rome le )
Fils aîné du précédent,  de Bracciano, seigneur de Campagnano, Trevignano, Galeria, Fornello, Vicovaro, Cantalupo, Corese, Scrofano, Cerveteri, San Gregorio, Monterano, Isola, Saracinesco et Cesano, Grand d'Espagne de première classe : noble romain, patrice vénitien et patrice napolitain, Premier Assistant au Seuil Pontifical.

Il nait à Rome en 1591 et prend aussitôt le titre de  d'Anguillara en tant que premier fils.

Il épouse à Rome en 1622 la princesse Maria-Isabella Appiano d'Aragona, princesse souveraine de Piombino (née à Gênes en 1577 et † à Rome le ). Il devient à ce titre avec son épouse prince régnant de Piombino de 1624 à 1634.

Il est créé prince du Saint-Empire romain avec le qualificatif dillustrissimus par Décret impérial du 17 ou  après avoir été assimilé aux princes régnants du Saint-Empire romain par un Diplôme impérial du . Le , cette qualité de prince du Saint-Empire romain est confirmée et il lui est concédé de ce chef un blason. Le , un Décret impérial lui confirme la faculté de battre monnaie et d'octroyer la noblesse.

 Ferdinando Orsini ( - † à Rome le )
Fils du précédent,  de Bracciano, prince du Saint-Empire romain, seigneur de Trevignano, Galeria, Scrofano, Cerveteri, Vicovaro, Bardella, Saracinesco, Monterano, Cantalupo, San Gregorio, Corese, Campagnano, Cesano, Scrofano et Fornello, Grand d'Espagne de première classe : noble romain, patrice vénitien et patrice napolitain ; Premier Assistant au Seuil Pontifical.

Ferdinando Orsini nait à Rome. Il épouse Giustiniana Orsini († à Rome le ), fille et héritière de Giovanni-Antonio Orsini,  de Scandriggia,  de San Gemini et comte de Nerola. Il obtint de par son mariage les titres de  de Scandriggia,  de San Gemini et comte de Nerola en 1639. En 1646, son comté de Nerola est érigé en duché.

 Flavio Orsini ( - 1696)
Deuxième fils du précédent,  de Bracciano,  de Scandriggia, prince du Saint-Empire romain,  de San Gemini, seigneur de Trevignano, Galeria, Corese, Cantalupo, Scrofano, Saracinesco, Monterano, Fornello, San Gregorio, Isola, Campagnano et Bardella, Grand d'Espagne de première classe : noble romain, patrice vénitien et patrice napolitain, Premier Assistant au Seuil Pontifical.

Flavio Orsini nait à Rome le . Il est déjà titulaire à la mort de son père des titres de  de Nerola (depuis le ) et de  d'Anguillara (1646). Il épouse en premières noces Ippolita Ludovisi († à Rome le ) puis en secondes noces, en février 1675, Marie-Anne de La Trémoille (née à Paris en 1642, † à Rome le ). Il a été fait chevalier de l'Ordre du Saint-Esprit en 1675.

Flavio Orsini vend Campagnano avec Scrofano, Formello et Cesano le  aux Chigi pour  ducats. Il vend Galera en 1671, Corese à Giulio Orsini en 1680, Anguillara et Trevignano aux Grillo en 1693, Albano à la Chambre Pontificale en 1696. Enfin, il vend Bracciano à Livio Odescalchi, neveu du Pape Innocent XI, cette même année 1696. Flavio Orsini meurt à Rome le .

À sa mort, il y a un litige entre sa veuve et les Orsini de Gravina pour la succession des quelques fiefs restants soumis à fidéicommis ou primogéniture. Presque tout le patrimoine subsistant est vendu par Marie-Anne Orsini pour payer les dettes nées de ce procès.

Le frère de Flavio, Lelio Orsini,  de Nerola, qui avait obtenu quelques fiefs de son frère, les avait vendu les uns après les autres (Cerveteri aux Ruspoli en 1674 pour payer ses dettes, Vicovaro en 1692 également pour payer ses dettes, et enfin son duché de Nerola aux Barberini). Il s'était fait moine capucin et était mort à Rome le .

 Les Odescalchi

 Livio  Odescalchi (1696 - † 1713)
Neveu du Pape Innocent XI,  de Bracciano.

Livio Odescalchi nait en 1658. Il est le fils de Carlo Odescalchi, frère puîné de Benedetto Odescalchi, le futur Pape Innocent XI. Il a été inscrit sur le livre de la noblesse de Venise en 1676. Avant même d'acquérir de Flavio Orsini en 1696 le duché de Bracciano, pour près de deux millions de ducats, Livio Odescalchi a acquis en 1678 le duché de Ceri et en 1687 le château de Palo.

En 1679, il est créé par l'empereur prince (fürst) du Saint-Empire romain avec le droit de transmettre le titre à ses descendants des deux sexes. En outre, s'étant distingué par sa valeur durant la Bataille de Vienne en 1683, l'empereur Léopold   lui donne l'investiture des duchés de Sirmio (l'actuelle Sremska Mitrovica) et de Sava dans le royaume de Hongrie et en Slavonie, et lui concède le titre d'''Altesse ducale. L'empereur avait entendu également par ces libéralités montrer sa reconnaissance envers son oncle le pape Innocent XI pour l'aide apportée par ce dernier pour permettre la libération de Vienne. Le roi d'Espagne Charles III l'avait fait chevalier de la Toison d'Or et lui avait concédé le titre de Grand d'Espagne de première classe. En 1689, le conclave des cardinaux l'avait fait Général de l'Église.

À la Diète de 1697, il se porte candidat, sans succès, au trône de Pologne. N'ayant pas de fils, Livio  Odescalchi adopte son petit-cousin Baldassare Erba, qui assume dès le  son nom et ses armes et hérite de ses biens et titres à sa mort en 1713.

 Baldassarre  Odescalchi (1713 - † 1746)

Petit-cousin du précédent,  de Bracciano, duc de Sirmio et de Ceri, prince du Saint-Empire romain (confirmé par un Diplôme impérial du ), comte palatin, Grand d'Espagne de première classe, Magnat de Hongrie, patrice de Gênes, de Milan, patrice honoraire de Ferrare : noble de Mondonico, d'Ascoli et de Corneto.

Baldassarre Erba nait à Milan le . Son père est Antonio-Maria Erba, marquis de Mondonico, lui-même fils d'Alessandro Erba et de Lucrezia Odescalchi. Cette dernière est la sœur du Pape Innocent XI et de Carlo Odescalchi, père du duc de Bracciano Livio  Odescalchi. Ce dernier n'ayant pas d'enfant adopte Baldassarre qui prend en 1709 ses armes et son nom.

Il épouse le  Flaminia Borghese (née à Rome le , † également à Rome le ), fille de Marcantonio Borghese, prince de Sulmona. Il épouse en secondes noces le  la propre sœur de sa première épouse, Maria-Maddalena Borghese (née à Rome le , † à Rome le ).

 Livio II Odescalchi (1746 - † 1805)

Fils du second lit du précédent,  de Bracciano, duc de Sirmio et de Ceri, prince du Saint-Empire romain, comte palatin, Grand d'Espagne de première classe, Magnat de Hongrie, patrice de Gênes, de Milan, patrice honoraire de Ferrare : noble de Mondonico, d'Ascoli et de Corneto.

Livio II Odescalchi nait le . Il épouse en 1747 Vittoria Corsini (née en 1732, † en 1797), fille de Filippo Corsini, prince de Sismano. Un Décret impérial de 1751 lui garantit le qualificatif dAltesse ducale.

À la fin de sa vie, en 1803, son fils Baldassarre vend à Giovanni-Raimondo Torlonia le duché de Ceri, puis le duché de Bracciano (les terres et le château, avec Pisciarelli) pour payer ses dettes. Livio II ne garde que le titre de duc de Bracciano.

 Baldassarre II Odescalchi (1805 - † à Rome le
Fils aîné du précédent,  de Bracciano, duc de Sirmio, prince du Saint-Empire romain, comte palatin, comte de Pisciarelli, seigneur de Palo, Grand d'Espagne de première classe, Magnat de Hongrie, patrice de Gênes, de Milan, patrice honoraire de Ferrare : noble romain, de Mondonico, d'Ascoli et de Corneto.

Baldassarre II Odescalchi nait à Rome en 1748. Le  il épouse Caterina-Valeria Giustiniani (née à Rome le , † le ), fille du prince de Bassano.

Ayant vendu le duché de Bracciano sous son père en 1803, il n'était que le duc titulaire. Érudit, il écrivit une Storia dell'Accademia dei Lincei  (1806).

 Innocenzo  Odescalchi ( - † à Obermeidling le )
Fils aîné du précédent,  de Bracciano, duc de Sirmio, prince du Saint-Empire romain, comte palatin, comte de Pisciarelli, seigneur de Palo, Grand d'Espagne de première classe, Magnat de Hongrie, patrice de Gênes, de Milan, patrice honoraire de Ferrare : noble de Mondonico, d'Ascoli et de Corneto, Grand Maître de la cour de l'impératrice d'Autriche.

Innocenzo  Odescalchi nait à Rome le . Il n'était que le duc titulaire de Bracciano, du fait de la vente du duché à Giovanni-Raimondo Torlonia en 1803.

Innocenzo Odescalchi épouse en premières noces à Vienne le  Anna-Luisa, comtesse Keglevich von Buzin (née en 1778, † le ), puis en secondes noces le  Enrichetta, comtesse Zichy de Zich et Vasonykeoe (née le , † à Vienne le ).

 Livio III Odescalchi ( - † à Rome le )
Fils du premier lit du précédent,  de Bracciano, duc de Sirmio, prince du Saint-Empire romain, comte palatin, comte de Pisciarelli, seigneur de Palo, Grand d'Espagne de première classe, Magnat de Hongrie, patrice de Gênes, de Milan, patrice honoraire de Ferrare : noble de Mondonico, d'Ascoli et de Corneto.

Livio III Odescalchi nait à Vienne le . Il épouse à Blatocerkiev le  Sofia, comtesse Branicka (née à Blatocerkiev le , † à Rome le ).

En 1849, il rachète à Marino Torlonia, héritier de Giovanni-Raimondo Torlonia son père, mort le , le duché et le château de Bracciano. Il rachète également le comté de Pisciarelli. Il achète enfin à Marino Torlonia la principauté de Bassano. Le , Livio Odescalchi est créé prince romain et noble romain conscrit.

Après le rattachement du Latium au royaume d'Italie (1870), les Odescalchi conservent jusqu'à aujourd'hui le château de Bracciano. Les ducs successifs furent :
 Baldassarre III Odescalchi ( - † ) : fils du précédent,  de Bracciano, membre de la commission chargée de présenter l'acte de plébiscite de l'annexion du Latium au royaume d'Italie (1870), député, sénateur du royaume d'Italie (octobre 1896).
 Innocenzo II Odescalchi ( - † ) : fils du précédent,  de Bracciano.
 Livio IV Odescalchi ( - † ), fils du précédent,  de Bracciano.
 Ladislao Odescalchi ( - † ), frère du précédent,  de Bracciano.
 Carlo Odescalchi (depuis le ), neveu du précédent,  de Bracciano.

 Notes et références

 Sources
  La liste des seigneurs puis ducs de Bracciano de la famille Orsini est établie pour l'essentiel selon les informations contenues sur le site Libro d'Oro della Nobiltà Mediterranea'' édité par la Società Genealogica Italiana, à la page consacrée à la branche des Orsini de Bracciano, Tagliacozzo et Lamentana.

Bracciano
Bracciano
Seigneurs Bracciano
Histoire moderne de l'Italie
Histoire du Latium
Duc de Bracciano

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
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› Master in Criminal Law (LLM) – Center of Criminal Law Studies Dr. Wolfgang Shone (2009).
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› Mediation Course at the Mediation and Arbitrage Center – Asunción, Paraguay (2008).
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› Gold medal award.
Tigo Paraguay completed its Tender Offer of its 5.875% coupon bonds maturing in 2027
BKM | Berkemeyer ("BKM") advised Telefónica Celular del Paraguay S.A.E. ("Tigo Paraguay"), a Millicom subsidiary, on the Tender Offer to purchase for cash up to US$55 million in aggregate principal amount of its 5.875% Senior Notes due 2027. Such bonds were issued by Tigo Paraguay in April 2019 in the
The Executive Power enacts a new Law on Public Supplies and Public Contracts in Paraguay
On December 9, 2022, the Executive Power has promulgated the new law on public supplies and public contractions, previously sanctioned by the Legislative Power on October 26 of this year, which repeals the previous law that governed the matter, Law Nr. 2051. /2003 and its amendments and that will enter
CONACOM approved the Guide for the elaboration of approved the Guide for the preparation of compliance programs in competition matters
On October 5, 2022, the National Competition Commission ("CONACOM") approved by Resolution D/AD No. 92/2022 the "Guide for the development of competition compliance programs" (the "Guide"), for guidance (not binding). Thus, CONACOM publishes its sixth (6th) guide, instructions, guidelines. The complete Guide is available at this LINK. The Guide has
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Rhynhart a smart choice to become Philly's first female controller | Endorsement
Rebecca Rhynhart's experience and enthusiasm make her the superior choice for Philadelphia voters.
Democratic candidate for Philadlephia controller Rebecca RhynhartRead moreCHARLES FOX / Staff Photographer
Rebecca Rhynhart knows Philadelphia finances. She served as city treasurer, budget director, and chief administrative officer before she resigned last year to run for city controller. Voters should give her the job.
Before coming to government, Rhynhart, 43, of Center City, had a solid background in finance. She worked for Bear Stearns and Fitch Rating Services before Mayor Michael Nutter appointed her treasurer in 2008.
Rhynhart has a clear view of what she'd like to do as controller, which is the city's auditor. If the Democrat wins, one of her first audits would be of the controller's office to make sure its resources are being used effectively.
That's a smart way to reorganize that office, which under Alan Butkovitz for 12 years was a decent advocate for taxpayers but could use a fresh outlook.
The Parking Authority would be a target for Rhynhart. That patronage haven was beleaguered with lax leadership until recently and still fails to live up to its promise to send $40 million a year to the struggling public schools.
Rhynhart says she will also take a hard look at the city's woefully inadequate and underperforming pension fund, and find out why the city Revenue Department can't do better collecting taxes.
She smartly suggests a thorough audit of Community Behavioral Health, an arm of the city government that directs about $1 billion in health-care spending, including funds used to treat opioid abuse.
If elected, she promises full audits of city departments each year as well as management audits of troubled agencies with an eye to saving taxpayers $10 million a year.
Rhynhart says she won't be shy about using the office's bully pulpit to seek public support for reforms and would work with the state auditor general to hold shared state and city agencies accountable.
Her opponent in the Nov. 7 general election is Republican Mike Tomlinson, whose experience as an auditor for banks and insurance companies qualifies him for the job. Tomlinson, 60, of Holmesburg, also would take an aggressive look at the pension fund. He wants to audit School District spending and says he wouldn't let state control of the schools stop him.
That's the right attitude. But the greater depth of Rhynhart's experience makes her the superior choice to become the next controller.
With her experience, however, comes a potential conflict. How will she pass judgment on the work she did in her previous roles inside City Hall, or the spending of past mayors she has served?
Rhynhart says she'll isolate herself from those decisions and entrust them to professional staff. She has a strong reputation for integrity, but time will tell if her solution works.
She already has proven her independence from the weary Democratic Party. She shook up the establishment by beating Butkovitz by a whopping 3-2 ratio in the May primary.
In doing that, she scaled the gender wall to become the first female major-party nominee for the position. If she wins, she will be the first woman controller and the highest-ranking female officeholder in Philadelphia.
REBECCA RHYNHART should be the next city controller because she is highly qualified, knowledgeable, imaginative, and independent. She would serve the city well.
Inquirer Editorial Board


text:
require 'psych/tree_builder'
require 'psych/scalar_scanner'
require 'psych/class_loader'

module Psych
  module Visitors
    ###
    # YAMLTree builds a YAML ast given a Ruby object.  For example:
    #
    #   builder = Psych::Visitors::YAMLTree.new
    #   builder << { :foo => 'bar' }
    #   builder.tree # => #<Psych::Nodes::Stream .. }
    #
    class YAMLTree < Psych::Visitors::Visitor
      class Registrar # :nodoc:
        def initialize
          @obj_to_id   = {}
          @obj_to_node = {}
          @targets     = []
          @counter     = 0
        end

        def register target, node
          return unless target.respond_to? :object_id
          @targets << target
          @obj_to_node[target.object_id] = node
        end

        def key? target
          @obj_to_node.key? target.object_id
        rescue NoMethodError
          false
        end

        def id_for target
          @obj_to_id[target.object_id] ||= (@counter += 1)
        end

        def node_for target
          @obj_to_node[target.object_id]
        end
      end

      attr_reader :started, :finished
      alias :finished? :finished
      alias :started? :started

      def self.create options = {}, emitter = nil
        emitter      ||= TreeBuilder.new
        class_loader = ClassLoader.new
        ss           = ScalarScanner.new class_loader
        new(emitter, ss, options)
      end

      def initialize emitter, ss, options
        super()
        @started    = false
        @finished   = false
        @emitter    = emitter
        @st         = Registrar.new
        @ss         = ss
        @options    = options
        @line_width = options[:line_width]
        if @line_width && @line_width < 0
          if @line_width == -1
            # Treat -1 as unlimited line-width, same as libyaml does.
            @line_width = nil
          else
            fail(ArgumentError, "Invalid line_width #{@line_width}, must be non-negative or -1 for unlimited.")
          end
        end
        @coders     = []

        @dispatch_cache = Hash.new do |h,klass|
          method = "visit_#{(klass.name || '').split('::').join('_')}"

          method = respond_to?(method) ? method : h[klass.superclass]

          raise(TypeError, "Can't dump #{target.class}") unless method

          h[klass] = method
        end
      end

      def start encoding = Nodes::Stream::UTF8
        @emitter.start_stream(encoding).tap do
          @started = true
        end
      end

      def finish
        @emitter.end_stream.tap do
          @finished = true
        end
      end

      def tree
        finish unless finished?
        @emitter.root
      end

      def push object
        start unless started?
        version = []
        version = [1,1] if @options[:header]

        case @options[:version]
        when Array
          version = @options[:version]
        when String
          version = @options[:version].split('.').map { |x| x.to_i }
        else
          version = [1,1]
        end if @options.key? :version

        @emitter.start_document version, [], false
        accept object
        @emitter.end_document !@emitter.streaming?
      end
      alias :<< :push

      def accept target
        # return any aliases we find
        if @st.key? target
          oid         = @st.id_for target
          node        = @st.node_for target
          anchor      = oid.to_s
          node.anchor = anchor
          return @emitter.alias anchor
        end

        if target.respond_to?(:encode_with)
          dump_coder target
        else
          send(@dispatch_cache[target.class], target)
        end
      end

      def visit_Psych_Omap o
        seq = @emitter.start_sequence(nil, 'tag:yaml.org,2002:omap', false, Nodes::Sequence::BLOCK)
        register(o, seq)

        o.each { |k,v| visit_Hash k => v }
        @emitter.end_sequence
      end

      def visit_Encoding o
        tag = "!ruby/encoding"
        @emitter.scalar o.name, nil, tag, false, false, Nodes::Scalar::ANY
      end

      def visit_Object o
        tag = Psych.dump_tags[o.class]
        unless tag
          klass = o.class == Object ? nil : o.class.name
          tag   = ['!ruby/object', klass].compact.join(':')
        end

        map = @emitter.start_mapping(nil, tag, false, Nodes::Mapping::BLOCK)
        register(o, map)

        dump_ivars o
        @emitter.end_mapping
      end

      alias :visit_Delegator :visit_Object

      def visit_Struct o
        tag = ['!ruby/struct', o.class.name].compact.join(':')

        register o, @emitter.start_mapping(nil, tag, false, Nodes::Mapping::BLOCK)
        o.members.each do |member|
          @emitter.scalar member.to_s, nil, nil, true, false, Nodes::Scalar::ANY
          accept o[member]
        end

        dump_ivars o

        @emitter.end_mapping
      end

      def visit_Exception o
        dump_exception o, private_iv_get(o, 'mesg')
      end

      def visit_NameError o
        dump_exception o, o.message.to_s
      end

      def visit_Regexp o
        register o, @emitter.scalar(o.inspect, nil, '!ruby/regexp', false, false, Nodes::Scalar::ANY)
      end

      def visit_DateTime o
        formatted = if o.offset.zero?
                      o.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%9N Z".freeze)
                    else
                      o.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%9N %:z".freeze)
                    end
        tag = '!ruby/object:DateTime'
        register o, @emitter.scalar(formatted, nil, tag, false, false, Nodes::Scalar::ANY)
      end

      def visit_Time o
        formatted = format_time o
        register o, @emitter.scalar(formatted, nil, nil, true, false, Nodes::Scalar::ANY)
      end

      def visit_Rational o
        register o, @emitter.start_mapping(nil, '!ruby/object:Rational', false, Nodes::Mapping::BLOCK)

        [
          'denominator', o.denominator.to_s,
          'numerator', o.numerator.to_s
        ].each do |m|
          @emitter.scalar m, nil, nil, true, false, Nodes::Scalar::ANY
        end

        @emitter.end_mapping
      end

      def visit_Complex o
        register o, @emitter.start_mapping(nil, '!ruby/object:Complex', false, Nodes::Mapping::BLOCK)

        ['real', o.real.to_s, 'image', o.imag.to_s].each do |m|
          @emitter.scalar m, nil, nil, true, false, Nodes::Scalar::ANY
        end

        @emitter.end_mapping
      end

      def visit_Integer o
        @emitter.scalar o.to_s, nil, nil, true, false, Nodes::Scalar::ANY
      end
      alias :visit_TrueClass :visit_Integer
      alias :visit_FalseClass :visit_Integer
      alias :visit_Date :visit_Integer

      def visit_Float o
        if o.nan?
          @emitter.scalar '.nan', nil, nil, true, false, Nodes::Scalar::ANY
        elsif o.infinite?
          @emitter.scalar((o.infinite? > 0 ? '.inf' : '-.inf'),
            nil, nil, true, false, Nodes::Scalar::ANY)
        else
          @emitter.scalar o.to_s, nil, nil, true, false, Nodes::Scalar::ANY
        end
      end

      def visit_BigDecimal o
        @emitter.scalar o._dump, nil, '!ruby/object:BigDecimal', false, false, Nodes::Scalar::ANY
      end

      def visit_String o
        plain = true
        quote = true
        style = Nodes::Scalar::PLAIN
        tag   = nil

        if binary?(o)
          o     = [o].pack('m0')
          tag   = '!binary' # FIXME: change to below when syck is removed
          #tag   = 'tag:yaml.org,2002:binary'
          style = Nodes::Scalar::LITERAL
          plain = false
          quote = false
        elsif o =~ /\n(?!\Z)/  # match \n except blank line at the end of string
          style = Nodes::Scalar::LITERAL
        elsif o == '<<'
          style = Nodes::Scalar::SINGLE_QUOTED
          tag   = 'tag:yaml.org,2002:str'
          plain = false
          quote = false
        elsif @line_width && o.length > @line_width
          style = Nodes::Scalar::FOLDED
        elsif o =~ /^[^[:word:]][^"]*$/
          style = Nodes::Scalar::DOUBLE_QUOTED
        elsif not String === @ss.tokenize(o) or /\A0[0-7]*[89]/ =~ o
          style = Nodes::Scalar::SINGLE_QUOTED
        end

        is_primitive = o.class == ::String
        ivars = is_primitive ? [] : o.instance_variables

        if ivars.empty?
          unless is_primitive
            tag = "!ruby/string:#{o.class}"
            plain = false
            quote = false
          end
          @emitter.scalar o, nil, tag, plain, quote, style
        else
          maptag = '!ruby/string'.dup
          maptag << ":#{o.class}" unless o.class == ::String

          register o, @emitter.start_mapping(nil, maptag, false, Nodes::Mapping::BLOCK)
          @emitter.scalar 'str', nil, nil, true, false, Nodes::Scalar::ANY
          @emitter.scalar o, nil, tag, plain, quote, style

          dump_ivars o

          @emitter.end_mapping
        end
      end

      def visit_Module o
        raise TypeError, "can't dump anonymous module: #{o}" unless o.name
        register o, @emitter.scalar(o.name, nil, '!ruby/module', false, false, Nodes::Scalar::SINGLE_QUOTED)
      end

      def visit_Class o
        raise TypeError, "can't dump anonymous class: #{o}" unless o.name
        register o, @emitter.scalar(o.name, nil, '!ruby/class', false, false, Nodes::Scalar::SINGLE_QUOTED)
      end

      def visit_Range o
        register o, @emitter.start_mapping(nil, '!ruby/range', false, Nodes::Mapping::BLOCK)
        ['begin', o.begin, 'end', o.end, 'excl', o.exclude_end?].each do |m|
          accept m
        end
        @emitter.end_mapping
      end

      def visit_Hash o
        if o.class == ::Hash
          register(o, @emitter.start_mapping(nil, nil, true, Psych::Nodes::Mapping::BLOCK))
          o.each do |k,v|
            accept k
            accept v
          end
          @emitter.end_mapping
        else
          visit_hash_subclass o
        end
      end

      def visit_Psych_Set o
        register(o, @emitter.start_mapping(nil, '!set', false, Psych::Nodes::Mapping::BLOCK))

        o.each do |k,v|
          accept k
          accept v
        end

        @emitter.end_mapping
      end

      def visit_Array o
        if o.class == ::Array
          visit_Enumerator o
        else
          visit_array_subclass o
        end
      end

      def visit_Enumerator o
        register o, @emitter.start_sequence(nil, nil, true, Nodes::Sequence::BLOCK)
        o.each { |c| accept c }
        @emitter.end_sequence
      end

      def visit_NilClass o
        @emitter.scalar('', nil, 'tag:yaml.org,2002:null', true, false, Nodes::Scalar::ANY)
      end

      def visit_Symbol o
        if o.empty?
          @emitter.scalar "", nil, '!ruby/symbol', false, false, Nodes::Scalar::ANY
        else
          @emitter.scalar ":#{o}", nil, nil, true, false, Nodes::Scalar::ANY
        end
      end

      def visit_BasicObject o
        tag = Psych.dump_tags[o.class]
        tag ||= "!ruby/marshalable:#{o.class.name}"

        map = @emitter.start_mapping(nil, tag, false, Nodes::Mapping::BLOCK)
        register(o, map)

        o.marshal_dump.each(&method(:accept))

        @emitter.end_mapping
      end

      private

      def binary? string
        string.encoding == Encoding::ASCII_8BIT && !string.ascii_only?
      end

      def visit_array_subclass o
        tag = "!ruby/array:#{o.class}"
        ivars = o.instance_variables
        if ivars.empty?
          node = @emitter.start_sequence(nil, tag, false, Nodes::Sequence::BLOCK)
          register o, node
          o.each { |c| accept c }
          @emitter.end_sequence
        else
          node = @emitter.start_mapping(nil, tag, false, Nodes::Sequence::BLOCK)
          register o, node

          # Dump the internal list
          accept 'internal'
          @emitter.start_sequence(nil, nil, true, Nodes::Sequence::BLOCK)
          o.each { |c| accept c }
          @emitter.end_sequence

          # Dump the ivars
          accept 'ivars'
          @emitter.start_mapping(nil, nil, true, Nodes::Sequence::BLOCK)
          ivars.each do |ivar|
            accept ivar
            accept o.instance_variable_get ivar
          end
          @emitter.end_mapping

          @emitter.end_mapping
        end
      end

      def visit_hash_subclass o
        ivars = o.instance_variables
        if ivars.any?
          tag = "!ruby/hash-with-ivars:#{o.class}"
          node = @emitter.start_mapping(nil, tag, false, Psych::Nodes::Mapping::BLOCK)
          register(o, node)

          # Dump the ivars
          accept 'ivars'
          @emitter.start_mapping nil, nil, true, Nodes::Mapping::BLOCK
          o.instance_variables.each do |ivar|
            accept ivar
            accept o.instance_variable_get ivar
          end
          @emitter.end_mapping

          # Dump the elements
          accept 'elements'
          @emitter.start_mapping nil, nil, true, Nodes::Mapping::BLOCK
          o.each do |k,v|
            accept k
            accept v
          end
          @emitter.end_mapping

          @emitter.end_mapping
        else
          tag = "!ruby/hash:#{o.class}"
          node = @emitter.start_mapping(nil, tag, false, Psych::Nodes::Mapping::BLOCK)
          register(o, node)
          o.each do |k,v|
            accept k
            accept v
          end
          @emitter.end_mapping
        end
      end

      def dump_list o
      end

      def dump_exception o, msg
        tag = ['!ruby/exception', o.class.name].join ':'

        @emitter.start_mapping nil, tag, false, Nodes::Mapping::BLOCK

        if msg
          @emitter.scalar 'message', nil, nil, true, false, Nodes::Scalar::ANY
          accept msg
        end

        @emitter.scalar 'backtrace', nil, nil, true, false, Nodes::Scalar::ANY
        accept o.backtrace

        dump_ivars o

        @emitter.end_mapping
      end

      def format_time time
        if time.utc?
          time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%9N Z")
        else
          time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%9N %:z")
        end
      end

      def register target, yaml_obj
        @st.register target, yaml_obj
        yaml_obj
      end

      def dump_coder o
        @coders << o
        tag = Psych.dump_tags[o.class]
        unless tag
          klass = o.class == Object ? nil : o.class.name
          tag   = ['!ruby/object', klass].compact.join(':')
        end

        c = Psych::Coder.new(tag)
        o.encode_with(c)
        emit_coder c, o
      end

      def emit_coder c, o
        case c.type
        when :scalar
          @emitter.scalar c.scalar, nil, c.tag, c.tag.nil?, false, Nodes::Scalar::ANY
        when :seq
          @emitter.start_sequence nil, c.tag, c.tag.nil?, Nodes::Sequence::BLOCK
          c.seq.each do |thing|
            accept thing
          end
          @emitter.end_sequence
        when :map
          register o, @emitter.start_mapping(nil, c.tag, c.implicit, c.style)
          c.map.each do |k,v|
            accept k
            accept v
          end
          @emitter.end_mapping
        when :object
          accept c.object
        end
      end

      def dump_ivars target
        target.instance_variables.each do |iv|
          @emitter.scalar("#{iv.to_s.sub(/^@/, '')}", nil, nil, true, false, Nodes::Scalar::ANY)
          accept target.instance_variable_get(iv)
        end
      end
    end
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Kleim ist der Familienname folgender Personen:

 Birgit Kleim (* 1975), deutsche Wissenschaftlerin, Hochschullehrerin für Psychotherapie
 Friedrich Kleim (1889–1945), deutscher Verwaltungsjurist in Ostwestfalen
 Lothar Kleim (* 1936), deutscher Fußballspieler und -trainer
 Peter Kleim (* 1956), deutscher Journalist und Korrespondent


It can be service ultimately would make paperwork robust. Once your probable site visitor gets ones gross sales page, and as soon as stockroom people obtain get dispatch recommendations, and in the event the buy floors office manager gets that day's output arrange, your enterprise obtains going. It can be paperwork stated in some sort of in the court with regulation that will establishes ones comments, or anything else.
1. Company sales generally involve collaborative doing work, which often involve successful sales and marketing communications among the list of people. Well-designed page service solutions may well enhance the pace together with performance in the sales and marketing communications, and that effectiveness with collaborator assignments.
2. Electronic digital paperwork may be that come with predefined and random acceptance processses so that people accomplish just about all people with to figure built in. Electronic digital Page Direction (EDM) solutions might notify that recipients regarding the paperwork that require their own particular attention and for that reason help succeed effectiveness.
3. Paperwork may be sent out inside options. Besides the workflows that will retain the page going inside, there are actually e-mails, message decks, World-wide-web seminars together with intranets that will get paperwork on the market to people on the inside together with outside of the corporation.
4. An individual trouble that will crop up at the time of collaborative doing work as soon as several people succeed on a single page is usually that will with preventing overwrites of each one other peoples tweets. When several people succeed on a single page while doing so, it will be easier that a person persons tweets may be overwritten just by another patient. And avoid the following chance, EDM solutions generally make available check-in together with check-out equipment that will allow merely one people to produce modifications for a page at once.
5. Different varieties of page service involve different varieties of measures so that that connection is usually gained (or exhibited since probably received) by way of the recipients. E-mails ought to distribute properly as a result of e-mail junk e-mail will filter, snail mail may well ought to be released with official document with putting up, or anything else.
6. The place electronic digital paperwork are generally sent out commonly to your general public, since in the matter of electronic digital white-colored paperwork, legibility may be a concern. In the event the page is usually geared up which has a amazing use, that recipients might possibly not have that applicable software programs to study that page. Equipment such as the easily down-loadable Adobe Person who reads get to resolve these troubles.
7. Page service may well show up as soon as applicable paperwork accommodating ones maintain with going to court are generally deliver to attorney in the many other occasion. In such cases, the case with "redaction" gets to be applicable. Whilst you're compelled to provide info that will encourages ones contentions, you will be permitted to take away portions of a person who that will hurt ones condition. Treatment is usually be certain that it's implemented. Poor service could mean that will these info may well accomplish additional occasion, claim like disguised . metadata that come with electronic digital paperwork.
8. Rather then delivering delicate paperwork outside of the corporation, usb people may well be permitted to examine these within a info room in your home, digital and serious, inside corporation. This can be the usual process in the matter of homework research with regard to M&A together with financial loan dialogue.
9. As soon as electronic digital paperwork are generally sent out above the World-wide-web, you will find there's chance that will their own subject material may be tampered using at the time of indication and with many other items inside journey. Encryption together with page locking can be used to stop the following. Encrypted paperwork may be started out just by the target with that applicable vital. Based paperwork may not be customized additionally.
10. Page service may well confirm costly romance. To lower bills, together with improve performance, you may trust the work to help alternative party approval solutions. That providers might routinely have that factories, measures, together with encounter to make sure that cost-effective page service.
Paperwork which include literature together with letters help their own motive as long as sent out to help applicable recipients. Inside, it does not take service with paperwork to help worried people that will contains the treatments in the company to help move properly. Taking into account the plethora paperwork along with the several page service tactics, bills with service may well accomplish uncommon grades with regard to the approach is usually systematized.
Precisely what is a great Intuit Options Company?
That Intuit Options Company name is usually really challenging to help obtain. Intuit runs that accreditation approach and it is really tough precisely as it pertains to the needs to remain recognised inside the following exclusive process. So that stores to help have even a way to arrange the course the doctor has to end up really skilled with software programs together with computer guidelines, solutions integration, safety measures, together with company direction software programs. A lot of these pre-requisites just permit a lot of these people to remain deemed with regard to approval in the process, nevertheless don't really connote some sort of name with Inuit with any sort of arrange.
Intuit produced their own ISP name with regard to middle-market clients. The idea acts for a quantitative benchmark to enable them to employ on their attempts to uncover top quality QuickBooks talking to advisors. That ISP name certifies that will members from this accreditation get flushed minimum amount prerequisites established just by Intuit in connection with QuickBooks Company and they are generally knowledgeable within a process in keeping with the requirements with middle-market sales site visitor anticipation.
Even though "certified" QuickBooks allow would possibly not feel like a problem, for those who have gained non-certified allow in earlier times, people probable know a lot more than everyone the benefit with adequate accreditation. While sporting an issue using QuickBooks Company is usually irritating with together with with again, not a single thing even more irritating as compared to to raised people to help you out that will resulted on recognizing as few as you decide to do. As soon as you have trouble with ones software programs sales process, that sole vital process inside your corporation, just the thing you would like may be to see people that will has learned ways to repair your trouble, together with remedy it today! Using payroll together with receivables structured on the following fundamental process, that you is unable to find the money for to help trust it's safekeeping to help everyone as few as an avowed skilled. It was the particular reason why Intuit produced that ISP accreditation together with 's the reason you can not take everything a smaller amount for your needs QuickBooks talking to must have.
Will do that Intuit Options Company Name Truly Issue?
Without a doubt, that Intuit Options Company name is usually thorough to be sure together with meaningfully divides that proverbial dreamers with believers in regards to QuickBooks Company abilities. Declaring you will be a consultant together with for an skilled are generally a few various things. In regards to QuickBooks Company, the best thing regarding the ISP name is usually it's with an authorized which includes a vested a fixation with ones experiencing the greatest top quality help, which often positive aspects these also, you.
Are generally Intuit Answer Service providers the identical?
Without a doubt, just about all Intuit Answer Company official document members managed fulfill the "minimum" factors needed just by Intuit to obtain these name. Without a doubt, that minimum amount prerequisites are tricky and for that reason that accreditation is incredibly thoughtful. Virtually no, akin to almost every other issues with lifetime, you cannot assume all Intuit Options Service providers are set up same. The idea is related to visiting some sort of General practitioner. Any sort of M . D . people check out comes with managed to graduate professional medical higher education together with flushed their own decks, nevertheless not surprisingly a few are generally quite as good as some others.
In regards to QuickBooks, that sales solutions maintaining your own whole company corporation, ensure you find a very good coordinator you may. Appointing the proper QuickBooks coordinator definitely isn't low-cost, nevertheless appointing the incorrect QuickBooks coordinator may be extremely costly!
Will i Require a Cement Resurfacing Service provider to repair My personal Damaged Cement?
Discovering as well as employing competent cement resurfacing companies could be a difficult work certainly. Not just exist lots of businesses to select from, however you need to be sure cement resurfacing is actually that which you actually need.
Often, people begin to see the regular splits as well as potato chips which happen included in the cement area because simply some thing these people suffer from. In the end, the majority of cement areas endure a few kinds of splits or even minor harm with time. These people merely presume how the work may wait around, as well as that we now have much more essential problems to cope with. That's, before harm will get beyond control as well as that which was as soon as a little restore or even maintenance task becomes an enormous task priced at 1000s of dollars.
Employing an established cement resurfacing service provider in your town in order to evaluate your own cement area as well as help to make suggestions RIGHT NOW may be the matter that will save a person enough time, work, as well as cash later on.
Do not wait around till this gets a larger issue.
The thing is, as the splits the thing is developing inside your cement area right now might seem just aesthetic, there might be severe difficulty making beneath. It's possible how the dirt beneath is actually deciding which might lead to additional, more severe harm afterwards.
Additionally, the particular cement splits on their own offer an simple entry with regard to drinking water in order to leak to the break trigger additional growth and therefore, additional harm. This particular can make cement resurfacing an incredible choice that you should think about that will assist avoid additional harm, as well as boost the elegance as well as looks of the current cement area.
A specialist cement resurfacing service provider works along with you in order to identify the precise character of the issue as well as create a thorough strategy to correct this.
They are able to actually arranged a person on a good yearly routine to do easy, however efficient, cement resurfacing to assist extend the wonder as well as sturdiness of the cement.
Your own cement area is definitely an expense that's priceless for your company. Don't allow your own expense endure, but rather, get in touch with the actual grasp cement resurfacing companies from Cement Repair Providers these days as well as consult with among the cement professionals who are able to arranged a scheduled appointment to go to your company and provide a person a good estimation about the range as well as price of the work rapidly.
The industrial building task requires considerable time, cash, as well as preparing. You need to obtain the greatest function feasible for the cheapest cost, however if you do not take time to strategy assembling your shed you might operate the danger associated with groing through spending budget or even not really obtaining the high quality function you'll need. Nobody desires substandard craftsmanship in order to save money cash compared to required. Here are a few ideas that will help you strategy the next industrial building task.
Indeed you need to cut costs, however don't believe the cheapest bet is definitely the very best offer. You need to obtain prices for bids with regard to a minimum of 3 companies in order to evaluate. Whilst an additional service provider will come inside a little bit more than an additional, their own encounter as well as capability to get the job done properly and also to take action promptly is actually much more essential compared to couple of bucks you might conserve.
It will cost more income as well as review spending budget should you employ the incorrect individual in order to get the job done, wind up shooting all of them, after which employing another person. Often the brand new service provider will need to begin with the begining to fix the actual errors through a good lacking forerunner. Request referrals as well as proceed begin to see the tasks they have finished. Speak with the actual task supervisors and get queries regarding spending budget, period, as well as abilities from the putting in a bid companies.
You need to job interview putting in a bid companies to discover their own encounter, who'll get the job done, may these people employ sub-contractors, as well as that the actual go-to individual is going to be for those who have queries as well as issues. Enquire about enables, may these people have them or even may you need to? Additionally request what other work they'll be focusing on whilst on your side? When they possess a lot of golf irons within the fireplace, assembling your shed might wind up going for a back again burner for their additional work. The actual service provider a person employ requirements every single child stick to your own project's spending budget as well as period restrictions.
After you have voiced towards the industrial building service provider think about should you experienced comfy speaking with all of them? Perform these people appear truthful as well as forthright? Conversation is essential, and also you should feel at ease producing your requirements as well as issues recognized. It's also essential for the actual service provider every single child go to town as well as maintain a person knowledgeable.
Listing of supplies to become utilized and also the amount, colour, dimension, pounds, manufacturer, as well as every other specs.
The budgeted quantity as well as checklist with regard to permitted products not really protected within the listing of supplies.
Listing of enables as well as who'll acquire all of them.
The repayment routine — do not purchase every thing in advance. Concur on the routine with regard to obligations and also have these types of conditions detailed inside your agreement.
The terms which says just about all changes-of-order should be authorized through a person and also the service provider.
Craftsmanship guarantees as well as exactly what they'll include.
Begin as well as conclusion times.
Complete cost from the task.
The industrial building task is really a big task. Choosing the best service provider is really a should for the task to become finished promptly as well as properly. Make use of these pointers to obtain the correct service provider and obtain the next task finished for your specs.
You should discover from the service provider whether or not they maintain the legitimate permit. The permit exhibits proof to the fact that the actual specialist obtained their behave collectively to review as well as move thorough standardised examinations. Additionally, it offers proof he offers encounter within the area as well as you've got a option in the event that he or she mistakes (you may document the problem using the appropriate board). Any kind of trustworthy service provider can make certain they've the permit to rehearse.
Dealing with the service provider that has a great status is essential. The history examine can help you find out more about the actual expert you are thinking about to employ. In addition, the client evaluations may uncover the knowledge associated with actual clients within the fingers from the service provider. Furthermore, whenever you examine the actual panel web site, you'll discover any kind of issues equalized towards him or her and also the standing associated with their permit (i. at the. legitimate, run out or even revoked).
Even though web offers changed the planet right into a worldwide town, allowing for clients attracted through any kind of the main planet in order to connect to companies inside a international nation, you should employ the actual providers of the service provider having a nearby tackle. The actual additional aside the actual service provider is actually, the greater difficult it will likely be with regard to him or her to get at your own office space. Additionally, think about a company that has a minimum of 15 nearby referrals. Ensure that you phone a few of the referrals to discover presently there encounter within the fingers from the service provider.
You should understand how lengthy the service provider has been around company as well as the kind of function they've carried out. Even though something supplier includes a common contractor's permit that allows him or her to attempt any type of building, you should understand how often he's carried out the task you would like carried out. Consequently, if you would like your own plumbing related carried out, you should know the number of occasions the actual service provider offers carried out plumbing related work along with achievement.


The global warming deniers and skeptics have done such an excellent (= terrible) job of obfuscating the truth about climate change, and are, in my opinion, criminally negligent for the potentially fatal procrastination they have caused.
Can they? Why aren't we all clamouring after this? Writing to all our elected officials about this? Letting them know that we want this?
to explain to people why they're going to love this giant transformation to a renewable energy economy!


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text:
John David FitzGerald, Baron FitzGerald, PC, PC (Ire) (1 May 1816 – 16 October 1889) was an Irish judge and Liberal politician.

Background
Born in Dublin, he was the son of the merchant David FitzGerald and his wife Catherine, eldest daughter of David Leahy. His sister Kate was married to Charles Robert Barry and his youngest sister Emily to Denis Caulfield Heron. FitzGerald was educated at Trinity College Dublin and was called to the bar by King's Inns in 1838. In 1870, he received an Honorary Doctorate of Laws by the University of Dublin.

Career
FitzGerald became a Queen's Counsel in 1847 and was judge of the Munster circuit. He entered the House of Commons in 1852, sitting for Ennis the next eight years. In 1855, FitzGerald was first elected a bencher, then nominated Solicitor-General for Ireland. He became Attorney-General for Ireland a year later, on which appointment he was sworn of the Privy Council of Ireland. FitzGerald held the former post until 1858 and after a break for a year, again until 1860, when he was appointed Judge on the Court of Queen's Bench (Ireland). On 23 June 1882, he was created a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary with the title Baron FitzGerald, of Kilmarnock, in the County of Dublin. Six days later, he was additionally sworn of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom.

Judgements
Foakes v Beer [1884] UKHL 1, [1881-85] All ER Rep 106, (1884) 9 App Cas 605; 54 LJQB 130; 51 LT 833; 33 WR 233 - a leading case from the House of Lords on the legal concept of consideration

Family
In 1846, he married firstly Rose, second daughter of John O'Donohue, and had by her three sons. She died in 1850 and FitzGerald remarried Hon. Jane Matilda Mary, daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel Arthur Francis Southwell and Mary Ann Agnes Dillon,c and sister of Thomas Southwell, 4th Viscount Southwell. By his second wife, he had four sons and six daughters. Conservative politician Amber Rudd is his great-great-granddaughter.

References

External links

1816 births
1889 deaths
19th-century Irish people
Lawyers from Dublin (city)
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Attorneys-General for Ireland
Law lords
Members of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
Members of the Privy Council of Ireland
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Clare constituencies (1801–1922)
19th-century King's Counsel
Solicitors-General for Ireland
UK MPs 1852–1857
UK MPs 1857–1859
UK MPs 1859–1865
UK MPs who were granted peerages
Judges of the High Court of Justice in Ireland
Alumni of King's Inns
Life peers created by Queen Victoria
Politicians from Dublin (city)


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February 15, 2019 16:57:46
Katy Perry's Engagement Ring Is Kind of Punny
Is this a rom-com come to life?
by Anjelica Balatbat
Katy Perry is officially living our Teenage Dream: She got engaged to adventure-hero actor Orlando Bloom on the most romantic day of the year. A proposal on Valentine's Day might be the stuff of rom-coms—and her epic engagement ring keeps that quirky-cute factor strong.
The ring has a pink oval-shaped stone at its centre with eight white diamonds around it to resemble a flower—a not-so-subtle nod to her beau's last name. The singer didn't miss the opportunity to throw in a pun, sharing the sweet news with on Instagram with the caption "full bloom."
A post shared by KATY PERRY (@katyperry) on Feb 15, 2019 at 2:07am PST
So how much would an engagement ring like that cost? E! News reports that the centre stone appears to be a 4-carat diamond, estimating a total worth of a cool $5 million. (The good news for fans who love the style: There are plenty of non-diamond engagement ring options now that deliver this look for less.)
Perry's name has been in the headlines all week, after she announced that she was removing a controversial Katy Perry Collection shoe design that was compared to blackface imagery. She also released her first song since 2017, a pop track in collaboration with Zedd called "365."
Now, the proposal marks a new step in Perry and Bloom's three-year relationship, which first sparked when the pair linked up at a Golden Globes after-party in 2016. It will be the second marriage for both: the Pirates of the Caribbean actor was previously married to model Miranda Kerr, with whom he shares custody of their eight-year-old son, Flynn. Perry had a 14-month marriage with English actor Russell Brand that ended in 2011. Though Perry and Bloom have had their ups and downs, including a short break in 2017, we're hoping for that rom-com happy ending.
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Satisfy Your Wanderlust with a Travel-Inspired Scent
More Celebrity Couples
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Emily Blunt & John Krasinski Were the Cutest at the SAGs
Here are Priyanka's Three Wedding Dresses (Update)


After a 25-year career working in the London Metropolitan Police as a detective investigating serious crimes, Richard Mullender moved into hostage negotiation. He quickly worked his way up to become Lead Trainer at Scotland Yard's world-renowned National Crisis and Negotiation Unit. As a hostage negotiator, Richard built his career on elite listening techniques. Since retiring, he has adapted these techniques from the field and applied them to the corporate world, teaching invaluable communication skills to governmental organisations and leading multinationals alike.
Richard brings a unique breadth and depth of experience, having designed and run courses all over the world, developing the negotiation skills of officers for organisations that include the Metropolitan Police, the United Nations, the FBI. In addition to extensive crisis negotiation field experience in the UK, Richard was also deployed to Afghanistan and has been active across a wide range of international negotiation assignments. Richard was part of the negotiation team that helped secure the successful release of three UN workers in Afghanistan in 2004.
Outside the world of policing, Richard has delivered programmes all over the world on elite listening techniques designed to help organisations understand their employees and clients alike on a deeper level. Richard teaches people to listen as though their lives depended on it. His techniques, gleaned from a career in the field, help his clients understand how to access someone else's mindset – an invaluable tool at any negotiating table. He has worked across a wide range of organisations including leading multinationals, investment banks, energy companies and universities.
Richard is author of Communication Secrets of a Hostage Negotiator (2012) and been covered widely in the media including by the Financial Times and BBC Radio 4.
Book Richard Mullender as keynote speaker at your next event or conference.
"Richard built his career as one of the UK's top hostage negotiators on developing elite level listening skills. Since retiring, Richard has continued to develop and apply these skills within the corporate world helping to give his clients an edge at the negotiating table. His uncompromising delivery of the secrets of elite communication is as gripping as it is informative. "
In Communication Secrets of a Hostage Negotiator Richard Mullender shows you the tools and techniques he used in his career as a hostage negotiator and police detective. Richard's approach to improving your communication skills is based on developing exceptional listening skills – skills that will help you discover the values and beliefs that underpin what the other person is saying to you.