text:
Home > Honours > Canadian Honours > Directory of Honours > Canadian Volunteer Service Medal for Korea
Canadian Volunteer Service Medal for Korea
More than 26 000 men and women volunteered to serve with the Canadian Armed Forces in the Far East in the early 1950s. These veterans have been entitled to wear the Canadian Korea Medal and/or the United Nations Service Medal for Korea since the end of the conflict in 1953. The Canadian Volunteer Service Medal for Korea was subsequently created on July 12, 1991.
The Medal is awarded to former members of the Canadian Armed Forces who volunteered and served in Korea and the adjacent areas, including Japan, Okinawa and Korean waters, during all or part of the period from June 27, 1950, to July 27, 1954.
Potential recipients must have either:
Served for at least one day with an army unit or formation in Korea;
Served for at least 28 days aboard a ship or craft engaged in operations;
Flown one sortie over Korea or Korean waters in the Yellow Sea or Sea of Japan; or
Accumulated at least 28 days of service in the qualifying area.
The Medal may be awarded posthumously.
Description of the medal
cdn_vsm_korea_gg05-2017-0400-051.jpg
A circular medal of copper and zinc alloy:
On the obverse of which appears the crowned effigy of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, circumscribed with the legend ELIZABETH II DEI GRATIA REGINA , and incorporating the word CANADA at the bottom; and
On the reverse of which is centred the inscription KOREA VOLUNTEER . 1950-1954 . VOLONTAIRE CORÉE within a laurel wreath, with a maple leaf centred at the bottom;
The Medal is worn suspended from a yellow ribbon that is 32 mm in width, bordered on each exterior edge with a United Nations blue stripe 7 mm in width, with a central red stripe 6 mm in width on which is centred a 2-mm-wide white stripe.


text:
Part 6 EP
By Nick Neyland
This new installment in a long-dormant series from producer Mathew Herbert finds him somewhere between his avant and commercial selves, allowing two contrasting parts of his brain to feed off one another.
Matthew Herbert debuted his first opera earlier this year, which, in typically perverse fashion, encouraged audience members to leave their cell phones on during the performance. It followed a flurry of activity in 2013, including the release of The End of Silence, an album structured around a sample of a plane dropping a bomb on Libya, and a 130-track box set of the house oriented material he's released as Herbert. Regarding the latter, it felt like a typically obtuse move to take arguably his most accessible work and turn it into a test of stamina. But at this point in his career there are few surprises from Herbert, to say the least. On Part 6, a follow-up to his Part 1-5 series from the mid 90s, he strips out all the conceptual horseplay and follows a relatively smooth path. It's hard to know whether it's a confounding turn or a logical one. Somehow, it feels like both those things at the same time.
Nothing is ever played totally straight in Herbert's world. He steadily works through styles over the four tracks on this EP, looping in strands of downtempo house, soul, funk, and acid house. It's unabashedly retro in its trimmings, although like most Herbert releases, he always throws in elements that stop his audience from fully getting their bearings. "Grab That Bottle" may initially appear to be a direct march into blocky machine noise, but it evolves into something far more playful and light. In those moments Herbert reaches a point Richard D. James sometimes aims for, somewhere between beauty and humor, like a bird pooping in your eye as you marvel at a spectacular sunset. Herbert's career is full of such moments, but he's managed to keep it fresh despite the enormous amount of releases under his belt, largely because of how well he executes the barrage of ideas charging through his mind.
Herbert specializes in tracks that pull you in with surface level fixtures, only to reveal greater depth once you're two or three plays in. "My DJ" appears to be a light dance groove spun under a pitch-shifted vocal snippet, but dig deeper and there's a far greater intricacy to it, with its repetitive piston-like rhythms resembling hundreds of tiny pieces of factory equipment all working in tandem. "Manny" works in the same way, only getting prettier and more inviting if you go the long haul with it, as its strings of dovetailing vocal samples open up to reveal a deeper level of complexity. Both tracks form a useful parallel to Herbert's overall career, where most of his projects come bearing overarching concepts that come off as inspiring or insipid, and generally find a greater weight when you strip away a few layers of theoretical decoration. Those details are important, of course, but often only parts that build toward the greater whole.
Herbert's popularity has likely peaked, but the thought of him rising up as a contemporary Bill Drummond-type figure is certainly an intriguing proposition. The opening "One Two Three" from Part 6 isn't without its commercial charms, especially in the vocal from Rahel of the London-based Hejira. It's perfect twilight-hours house, with Herbert mostly quashing the need to meddle and going straight down the line with a set of dimly-lit rhythms. Still, as with most of his material, it's hard to imagine this getting play almost anywhere outside his cult, perhaps unfairly. On "One Two Three" he's somewhere close to the song oriented material that lit up his excellent work with Róisín Murphy on Ruby Blue, where he instinctively knew when to pull back from the brink. Here, Herbert's somewhere between his avant and commercial selves, allowing two contrasting parts of his brain to feed off one another instead of going into all-out attack mode.
More Reviews for Herbert
Petals EP
Like..? EP
Oh No EP
The Predator Nominate EP
Time's Arrow

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Leymah Gbowee
The Nobel Peace Prize for 2011 was awarded on Friday to three women--two from Africa and one from the Arab world--"in acknowledgment of their nonviolent role in promoting peace, democracy and gender equality. The winners were President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf of Liberia — Africa's first elected female president — her compatriot, peace activist Leymah Gbowee, and Tawakul Karman of Yemen, a pro-democracy campaigner.
They were the first women to win the prize since Kenya's Wangari Maathai, who died last month, was named as the laureate in 2004." Alan Cowell, London
Congratulations to these courageous women of peace. We applaud you!
peaceful protesters
Hillary Clinton said this about the women:
"They are shining examples of the difference that women can make and the progress they can help achieve when given the opportunity to make decisions about the future of their societies and countries.
The unflinching courage, strength and leadership of these women to build peace, advance reconciliation, and defend the rights of fellow citizens in their own countries provide inspiration for women's rights and human progress everywhere. This recognition of their extraordinary accomplishments reflects the efforts of many other women who are promoting peace and security in their countries and communities. I want to commend the Nobel Committee for recognizing the powerful role women are playing in building peace and ending conflict around the world."
For more on the story of the women of Liberia go to this link:
http://www.becomingwomenofpeace.com/2011/07/women-of-liberia.html


Can you fix broken toys? Can you solder, sew, tinker? Are you good at wood working or fixing lamps and other simple electrical things? Do you enjoy teaching others how to apply your skills?
Do you want to help the environment and your community?


Here is the simple code to reproduce the bug I found in VB.NET LINQ to XML using Visual Studio 2008.
Range variable 'Value' hides a variable in an enclosing block or a range variable previously defined in the query expression.
In order to get this to compile I must rename the variable on line 10 to something other than 'value'.
Update 3/17: The Visual Studio Team updated my bug report as Resolved (By Design). They suggested changing line 13 to "Select someOtherName = child.Value". Has to do with the "range variable" named Value, which is created by the query. Apparently there are a few bits of the internals of LINQ queries that I don't really get yet. I think this falls into the category of things I can still use even thought I don't fully understand how they work behind the scenes.


We gladly invite both Academic and Industrial community to submit top quality Research papers and Industrial case presentations related to engineering, operations, and management of Engineering assets and Public infrastructures.
This call for Research papers and Industry presentations aims at drawing diverse industry wide and top Research expertise that can stimulate fresh discussions and views, create innovative ideas, and explore smart solutions. The WCEAM-2018 Congress will cover a range of Technical themes that has a direct connection to your passion, professional interest, and expertise. Those areas are of interest to Asset owners, Operators, Producers, Technology developers, Service providers, Public institutions, and the Academic & Research community.
We also cover a wide range of Industrial and Public sectors, inclusive of; Oil & Gas, Refining industry, Nuclear, Hydropower, Renewable Energy, Ocean & Maritime sector, Mining, Public Infrastructures and Land transportation, Green Manufacturing, Process industry, Engineering structures and Buildings, Construction sector, Healthcare Systems, Aeronautics and Aerospace, Information and Telecommunication sector. We actively encourage those who have top expertise on specific Technical themes to deliver a workshop, seminar, training activity, or a round table session at the Congress. If you are keen, we will be excited to hear from you.
All abstracts, papers, and industrial presentations submitted will be peer-reviewed by the dedicated International Scientific Committee & Review Panel (ISC&IRP) of the World Congress for inclusion in the Congress Proceedings. The ISC&IRP of WCEAM-2018 comprises top global experts of listed technical domains.
Selected top quality Research and Industrial-case papers that are peer-reviewed, accepted, and presented at the WCEAM-2018, will be published in the Springer ebook titled, "Engineering assets and Public infrastructures in the Age of Digitalization" and subtitled, "Proceedings of the 13th World Congress on Engineering Asset Management". The Springer ebook series is indexed by Scopus and is also currently being assessed for inclusion in EI Compendex. Past proceedings are available on the Springerlink web site.
We strongly encourage Industry presentations from the Public and Private sector based on real Industrial Projects and Business cases.
Smart Factory, Cyber-physical Systems, Virtual Factory, Virtual and Augmented Reality, Cloud-based solutions, Machine learning.
Advanced ICTs, Big Data Analytics, Intelligent decision support, Algorithms for Performacne optimization, Industrial informatics, Signal processing, Robotics and Automation, Mechatronics, Smart sensors and Instruments.
Modelling of Business & Operational Processes, Multiagent tenhnologies, 3D technologies, Visualization techniques.
Digital risk, Safety, Security, Reliability, Resilience Engineering, Barrier design and management, Human-Technology interface, Risk analysis and management, Data integration and Interoperability.
Financial risks, Asset investments, Life cycle costing, Beyond budgeting, Decision analysis.
Tools and technologies for equipment and structural health assessment, Diagnostics and Prognostics, Technical and operational integrity, Pattern recognition, e-Maintenance, Inspection techniques, Fault and Failure analysis.
Service innovation, Service integration, Project engineering and management, Contract strategies and Contract management, B2B partnerships, Change management, Customer relationships.
Energy efficiency, Regulations and Standards, Legal aspects, Environmental technologies, Eco-efficiency, Carbon foot-print, Managing stakeholders.
Competence management, Education and Training, Managing work place diversity, Modern leadership.
KPI design and implementation, Performance optimization methods and techniques, Benchmarking, Learning and Continuous improvement.
The Best Paper(s) and The Best Industrial Case of the World Congress 2018 will be selected based on the Peer-review results. The Winners will be announced and rewarded With Prestigious Congress Awards at the ISEAM Awards Night in front of a distinguished audience.
Check 'Featured presentations' in the Congress Web for more latest information.


text:
2008 Beijing Olympic Games
2004 Athens Olympic Games
Youth Olympic Games 2010
Olympic Games London 2012
Men Olympic Qualification Tournament 2012 - Croatia
Men Olympic Qualification Tournament 2012 - Sweden
Men Olympic Qualification Tournament 2012 - Spain
Women's Olympic Qualification Tournament 2012-FRA
Women's Olympic Qualification Tournament 2012-ESP
Women's Olympic Qualification Tournament 2012-DEN
Nanjing 2014 Summer Youth Olympic Games
Men's Olympic Games Qualification Tournament 2016
Women's Olympic Games Qualification Tournament 1:Metz, FRA 2016
Women's Olympic Games Qualification Tournament 2: Aarhus ,DEN
Women's Olympic Games Qualification Tournament 3 Astrakhan, RUS 2016
Men's Olympic Games Qualification Tournament 2016, DEN
Men's Olympic Games Qualification Tournament 2016, POL
Olympic Games Rio 2016
2018 Youth Olympic Games - Men
2018 Youth Olympic Games - Women
Home >> IHF Competitions > Olympic Games > Men Olympic Qualification Tournament 2012 - Croatia
Home Info Brochure Provisional list Nominiations QUALIFYING EVENTS Fixtures and Results Teams Ranking Statistics Team Info News Photo Gallery Video Gallery Video Analysis Organizer Media Contact
For sportspeople around the world the Olympic Games are the highlight of all major events. London is calling this year – and handball will again be one of the most attractive and most watched team sports on the Olympic Programme. 24 teams in total –12 men's and women's team each – will be contending for medals under the five Olympic Rings. After a long and high-tension qualification phase on continental level and as part of the IHF World Championships half of the 24 teams to be precise have meanwhile been established. The next stage that is the final one before reaching London - the dream destination - will be a total of six Olympic Qualification Tournaments. Six places for the Men's Olympic Handball Tournament will be at stake over the Easter Weekend in Gothenburg (SWE), Alicante (ESP) and Varazdin (CRO). I trust the tournaments will be a great success for the sport of handball – and: May the best teams win to book a spot at the London Olympics!
For sportspeople around the world the Olympic Games are the highlight of all major events. London is calling this year – and handball will again be one of the most attractive and most watched team sports on the Olympic Programme. 24 teams in total –12 men's and women's team each – will be ... Read More
Organizer: Croatian Handball Federation
2 ISL
Croatia win qualification tournament on home ground
Men's Olympic Tournament: Seeding list for draw completed – ...
Croatia and Iceland qualified for the Olympics
No difficulties for the favorites in Varazdin
Croatia win qualification tournament on ...
After a mostly tough and close final clash of the two best teams in Varazdin, ho
Men's Olympic Tournament: Seeding list f...
After the three Olympic Qualification Tournaments in Alicante, Gothenburg and Va
Croatia and Iceland qualified for the Ol...
Nearly everything is decided at the Men's Olympic Qualification Tournament in Va
No difficulties for the favorites in Var...
European top contenders Croatia and Iceland marched over their opponents Japan a
Sorry, No data available
Top Predictors
Women's Olympic Games Qualification Tournament 1:Metz , FRA 2018 Youth Olympic Games - Women 2018 Youth Olympic Games - Men Women's Olympic Games Qualification Tournament 2: Aarhus ,DEN Women's Olympic Games Qualification Tournament 3 Astrakhan, RUS 2016 Men's Olympic Games Qualification Tournament 2016, SWE Olympic Games Rio 2016 Men's Olympic Games Qualification Tournament 2016, DEN Men's Olympic Games Qualification Tournament 2016, POL Nanjing 2014 Summer Youth Olympic Games Women's Olympic Qualification Tournament 2012-FRA Olympic Games London 2012 Women's Olympic Qualification Tournament 2012-ESP Women's Olympic Qualification Tournament 2012-DEN Men Olympic Qualification Tournament 2012 - Sweden Men Olympic Qualification Tournament 2012 - Spain Youth Olympic Games 2010 2008 Beijing Olympic Games 2004 Athens Olympic Games


text:
Local call rate 0330 056 3171
High Net Worth Divorce
Islamic Sharia Divorce
Out of Court Settlements
Divorce Finances
Consent Orders
Maintenance Issues
Property & Divorce
Pensions & Divorce
Trusts & divorce
Companies & Divorce
Freezing Orders
Forensic Accountancy
Child Law
Child Arrangement Orders
Special guardianship order
Rights for Grandparents
Wills, Tax, Trusts & Probate
Contesting a Will
International Divorce
International Children's Law
Cohabiting & Unmarried Couples
Why Stowe
Employee Promise
London Chancery Lane
London Victoria
Stowe Family Law
Stowe guests
Wellness & Self Help
Wills & Inheritance
Stowe Family Law Blog
The difference between a recital and an order
A case on legitimacy in 2019
Courts have adequate powers to enforce contact orders, study suggests
Children|Family|Family Law|January 7th 2014
The family courts have adequate powers to enforce child contact orders, a new study suggests.
In what is first full analysis of enforcement since 2006, researchers at the Universities of Exeter and Oxford analysed 215 enforcement applications from different regions, a nationally representative sample.
In their report, entitled Enforcing contact orders: problem-solving or punishment?, the authors note:
"For the last decade or more, policy-makers and father's groups had expressed concern that contact orders are being flouted and that the courts are not acting robustly in response."
Despite these frequently expressed concerns, however, the author insist that:
"Adequate punitive sanctions are in place, are mostly used when needed and can secure compliance."
They report:
"Courts typically handled cases fairly speedily, with most cases getting into court quickly."
Only "a minority" of cases experienced problems when parties involved refuse co-operate, the report declares, with both the resident and non-residents sometimes failing to co-operate with the court.
The courts are "sufficiently robust" in most cases, the researchers claim, and only a few cases involve implacably hostile parents. In fact, they say:
"There were as many examples of courts being too robust as being not robust enough."
The Children and Adoption Act 2006 introduced a new sanction for parents who disobey contact orders – unpaid community service – thought to be less likely to harm the children involved than existing penalties such as imprisonment. The authors of the new report believe "assessment for unpaid work and suspended enforcement orders can work to secure compliance without having a negative impact on the child."
However, "..if an enforcement order is deemed appropriate after thorough assessment, then sanctions should be pursued robustly rather than allowing cases to drift or result in further non-compliance."
Parents with mental health issues and personality disorders lie behind some of the most difficult contact order enforcement cases, the report also claims.
"In these circumstances a therapeutic approach may well be more productive than a purely punitive approach but at present there is a dearth of appropriate services, particularly outside London."
The research was funded by social policy charity the Nuffield Foundation.
Author: Stowe Family Law
enquiry@stowefamilylaw.co.uk
If the researchers are right then the only conclusion one can draw is that Judges are deliberately not implementing the sanctions due to a systemic bias against non-resident parents – or just sheer incompetence by these Judges – I really don't see how any other conclusion can be drawn from this.
u6c00 says:
"A fraction of those 10% seek enforcement of the court order. In 2011-12 there were fewer than 1,500 applications to enforce a contact order. To put that in context, 38,405 children were the subject of a contact application in England and Wales in 2011. "
Damn it I've been reading the report for 2 minutes and already I've found an abuse of statistics.
1) Number of children involved in a contact application does not equal number of contact orders. It is therefore impossible to work out what proportion of contact ORDERS involve an application to enforce, or what proportion of CHILDREN named in a contact order are subsequently named in an enforcement application. One contact order can involve multiple children. This is basic logic.
2) "38,405 children were the subject of a contact application…" So, they weren't necessarily the subject of a contact order then, only a contact application which may or may not have been successful?
3) Given the prevalence of shared residence orders in place of contact orders, and a research methodology which looked only at enforcement of contact orders (by looking at the C79 applications which aren't used to enforce a SRO), it's impossible to know how many orders come back before the courts isn't it?
This is not how you deal with statistics. This is how you abuse statistics for rhetorical and political purposes.
Any credibility or respect which fathers groups might have given the report (admittedly, given the authors that would've been scant) is destroyed when you so blatantly misuse statistics in your introduction. It taints the rest of the report and undermines the research itself and instead of healing a rift using evidence only widens it.
Tristan says:
My first post didn't make it through the censor so I'll try again.
Look at the source of the research, the organisation and the people involved, then draw your own conclusions. In my view, this is simply research to order, required to fit a pre-existing social policy stance that, amongst other things, thinks the Children Act is an act of kindness and requires no change.
I agree with you that the researchers and funding body are widely considered to push a set social policy agenda.
Critique the report itself though. If you read it and spot errors, flaws and misrepresentation then call them out. Otherwise the criticism aimed at the authors is pointless.
I know that in my field, statistics like those in my comment above would not have got through any peer review process.
If you read the whole piece it is continually pushing the idea that there is really no justification for complaint on contact orders – for instance what evidence do they have for this statement:
Maybe it's there but I cannot see it, can somebody point me to the relevant paragraph ?
All this does is bring the legal people at Oxford and Exeter into serious disrepute. I have no idea who these moles are, and frankly could not care less, but they are just embarrassing. It's not just a lack of rigor we are talking about here.
99% of contact orders, of which 'every other weekend' is typical, are insufficient to meet the needs of most children in that they minimise the time a father has to devote himself to raising his child. They are the start point at which alienation will begin to set in, if it hasn't already.
There is no foundation in proper, peer-reviewed, child development research (i.e not pro-mother Nuffield-sponsored research) by which the average contact order can be judged adequate to meet the needs of the child for which it is intended.
And if courts do possess adequate powers to enforce contact, why don't they use them? You fight for years to get a sub-standard contact order and then you find the court turns its back on you by failing to enforce its own order.
Copyright © 2019 · Stowe Family Law LLP
Stowe Family Law LLP is authorised and regulated by the Solicitors Regulation Authority. SRA ref 469401.
Stowe Family Law LLP is registered with Companies House, ref. OC331570, and registered for VAT, number 918 5722 04.
Calls may be recorded for quality and training purposes.
Site designed & built by
For all the latest news from Stowe Family law
please sign up for instant access today.


Returning with a twist to their summer season, Pop-Up Opera will present a special Mozart double bill with two entrancing one-act comedies showcasing Mozart's inimitable style and sense of playfulness. Each performance is skilfully adapted to its venue as Pop-Up take their operas into unusual and unique spaces around the UK, making them fun, fresh and intimate.
This lively double bill allows for a closer study of Mozart's oeuvre as it explores two works written at very different times in Mozart's life. The first opera Der Schauspieldirektor was written in the last five years of his life whereas he composed Bastien und Bastienne when he was just twelve years old.
These engaging operas bring together amazing vocal acrobatics alongside Pop-Up's signature 'silent movie' captions to tell the story in which a pair of actresses battle it out to be the prima donna and a pair of lovers tease and test their feelings for each other.
Pop-Up Opera's Summer Season 2018 will see an exciting new collaboration with New British Music Theatre Award nominee Anna Pool, critically acclaimed for her bold and fiery, original directing style, who will be working alongside the company's talented Musical Director, Berrak Dyer.
Anna Pool comments, It's so exciting to get to work with Mozart at two key moments in his career; one (Bastien und Bastienne) as the child prodigy, right at the start of it all, and the other (Der Schauspieldirektor) as the genius in one of his most creative periods. His world is vivid, funny, ridiculous and still, over 200 years later, utterly relatable. Lovers fight, pine, manipulate. Artists argue, create and constantly battle against an ever-rising tide of funding cuts! I'm really enjoying exploring the characters that sprang from Mozart's head and allowing them to make their home in so many fantastic spaces is hugely rewarding.
If Pop-Up Opera pops up near you, do pop in.


Galixte wrote: It could be cool, if we can edit our posts and post with the BBCodes.
i think i fixed permissions now.
Thanks, could you answer to my requests: viewtopic.php?p=226#p226 and https://github.com/talonos/Mchat-Extens ... rd3/pull/1 ?
Galixte wrote: Thanks, could you answer to my requests: viewtopic.php?p=226#p226 and https://github.com/talonos/Mchat-Extens ... rd3/pull/1 ?
Thanks and for this question: viewtopic.php?p=226#p226 ?
Galixte wrote: Thanks and for this question: viewtopic.php?p=226#p226 ?
it will be fixed in next release. i tried to directly add a link to mchat settings in ACP but was having issues so changed the code and miss removing that 1 tag.
Could you make us the same thing with CBB CHAt To CANIDEV?
Zip archive shared by mp.
ok i've had just a quick look at it and hopefully it will be possible. i should get it done at weekend if not earlier. quite a complex extension with the way its constructed.


Teeming with life, the world's tropical oceans are fascinating habitats! Tropical Oceans takes kids beneath the surface of these clear, warm waters to explore the diversity of animals, their food chains, and how tropical oceans are interconnected with other seas and oceans. Stunning photos and vivid text also bring to life the colorful, bustling world of coral reefs.
Readers go beneath the surface of these clear, warm waters to explore coral reefs, the diversity of animals, their food chains and how they are interconnected with other oceans.


text:
> Our Journeys
> The Extracurricular Programme
> Rifle Club
Rifle Club
The Rifle Club is run by the Watsonian FP Club which provides qualified coaches for members. The Club coaches members in self-discipline, concentration, self-motivation and the ability to be competitive.
The FP Club includes several International shooters, including Commonwealth Games medal winners and a former World Junior Champion who freely pass on their advice and experience to School Club members.
The School Club boasts many Scottish and British Junior Champions. New members are invited to join in September, at the beginning of the winter indoor season.
The main intake is from S1 and S2 although applications are accepted from all years. Club equipment is, undoubtedly, the best of any rifle club in Scotland allowing members to achieve a high standard without investing in expensive equipment.
Session 2018/19
Lothians' Champions
The new Lothians Ladies' Champion is Isabel Stark (S6) who won a very tight final on a re-gauge of the targets. Neasa O'Connell (S5) had a more comfortable win in the Lothians Junior Championship.
In the Inexpert A Class, David Lee (S2) finished in 1st place with Jack Glen (S6) in 3rd place. In the B section, Conor Haughney (S2) finished in 3rd place.
Isabel and Neasa represented Lothian in the National County Team Women's League. They made a significant contribution to the success of the Team in winning their Division.
The Teams for the Scottish Schools' International Match were announced in the last report. Scotland finished second to England and ahead of Wales, Northern Ireland and the Channel Islands. Isabel was equal top scorer from all the Teams with an excellent 199 ex 200.
The Scottish Air Rifle Championships were held this year in the sports hall at Napier University. The event attracted competitors from all of the Home Countries and from Norway. Isabel Stark (S5) had an excellent day winning the Silver Medal in both B Class and the Women's Junior Final. In her first major competition Neasa O'Connell (S4) won the Bronze Medal in the Women's Junior Final. The investment in Air Rifle kit two years ago , with the help of the Thrift Shop , is paying dividends.
The winner of the Lothian's Junior Championship (smallbore) was James Topley (S5) beating Isabel and Neasa by one point. Lucy Richards (S2) was placed third in the Inexpert A Class and in B Class first , second and third places were won by Jack Glen , Euan Soutar (both S5) and Sary Fagiha (S2).
Ian Thomson
Impressive Season
The School Team has won the Strathcona Shield for the Scottish Junior Indoor Championships for the second year in succession. The win was by only one point out of 600 this year. The Team was Georgia Gooch (S6), Robin Shand (S6), Isabel Stark (S4), Sam Coates (S4), Magnus Carswell (S4), Fraser Sutherland (S6) and Aidan Allan (S4).
The Lothians' Junior Championship was won this year by Isabel Stark with Magnus Carswell in second place. Fraser Sutherland, Aaron Donaldson and Rory Donaldson also won medals in the Inexpert Competition.
The Neil Darker School Championship was won for the second time by Georgia Gooch who was just ahead of Isabel Stark. The Handicap section of the Competition was won by Rory Donaldson (S2) with Danny Sinclair (S2) the runner-up.
Following a very impressive season, the award for Best Improvement has been won by Neasa O'Connell.
Double for Isabel
Isabel Stark (S4) has won both the small-bore rifle shooting Scottish Junior Championship and the British U16 Championship. This is the first time that a Watson's pupil has won both trophies in the same season, in the history of the Club.
She continued her excellent performance by travelling to Wigan and winning her Class in the 50m Open Shoot.
The Scottish Schools' Teams for the Home Countries International Match were selected recently. The A Team includes Georgia Gooch, Robin Shand (both S6) and Isabel and the B Team includes Magnus Carswell and Sam Coates (both S4).
The Watsonian Rifle Club Open Competition was held in December. We had the largest entry for many years, which is encouraging. Several pupils were successful. Rory Donaldson (S6) won E Class in his first open competition. Robin Shand won the U18 Junior Trophy and Neasa O'Connell (S3) won the U15 Trophy.
Scottish Squad Promotions
Following the Squad Selection Meetings, Georgia Gooch (S6) has been promoted from the Scottish Junior Squad to the Fast Track Squad, which sits just under the Scotland A Squad and is part of the Scottish High-Performance Squad. She is now being coached by an Olympic Coach from Norway.
Isabel Stark (S4) has joined Robin Shand (S5) in the Scottish Junior Squad.
Georgia, Robin and Isabel represent Lothian in the County Teams and have been joined this season by Magnus Carswell (S4) and Aidan Allan (S4).
Georgia Gooch (S6) won five trophies and a special medal at the Scottish Outdoor Championships. She also won the silver medal in the Scottish Junior Championship and the Trophy for the top Scottish resident. Neasa O'Connell (S3) won the Scottish Junior U15 Championship. Georgia, Robin Shand (S6) and Magnus Carswell (S4) won the Scottish Junior Team Championship. Steven Brown (Class of 2016), Georgia and Robin won the Robin Levack Trophy in the 50m Team Championship.
At the Scottish 50m Championships, Steven won the Men's Junior Championship and Georgia won the Women's Junior Championship beating several members of the GB Junior Squad.
In the British Championships, Isabel Stark (S4) won the Silver medal and Robin won in his class. Our team – Georgia, Robin and Isabel – were placed second.
Steven was part of the team that won the bronze medal in the men's prone event during Junior International Week at Bisley. Georgia was selected to represent GB Juniors (team of 10). She was also selected to represent the GB Schools' Team and has been invited to compete in the Commonwealth Shooting Federation Championships.
Daniel 'does the double', May 2014
Following his win in the Scottish Junior Outdoor Championship Daniel Gutteridge (S6) has won the Scottish Junior Indoor Championship. It is a very rare occurrence for someone to win both in the same season.
The School team – Daniel Gutteridge and David Lee (both S6), David Virgo and Rebecca Scott (both S5), Steven Brown (S4), and Georgia Gooch and Fraser Sutherland (both S3) – has won the prestigious Strathcona Shield for the top school/cadet team in Scotland. They also won Division 5 of the British Schools' U18 League.
Steven Brown had individual success winning the Lothians' Junior Championship.
The internal Club competitions were all closely fought this season. Daniel Gutteridge won the Neil Darker School Championship beating Georgia Gooch into second place. Robin Shand (S3) won the Handicap Competition, shot concurrently with the Championship. Stephen Brown was the clear winner of the Best Improvement Trophy and Finlay Taylor (S3) won the trophy for the Best Beginner from a competitive and enthusiastic group of beginners.
Fraser Sutherland, Rebecca Scott, David Lee, Daniel Gutteridge and Robin Shand won monthly medals.
National Success for Rifle Club, March 2014
Our U15 team – Georgia Gooch, Fraser Sutherland, Robin Shand (all S3) and Harry Sanderson (S2) – was awarded the Roderick Salmon Memorial Trophy when they won the U15 Junior Winter Competition. It is more than 10 years since a Watson's team won this trophy.
There have also been successes in local competitions.
At the Balerno and Currie Open, Daniel Gutteridge (S6) won C Class and Steven Brown (S4) was second in D Class. Daniel also won the Junior Competition, with Steven winning the silver medal.
The Watsonian Rifle Club Open Competition attracts competitors from all over the country and is very competitive. Several pupils had successful scores including Steven Brown, who won the D Class, with David Virgo (S5) coming third. Robin Shand was the winner of E Class, with Fraser Sutherland runner-up. Georgia Gooch won the Stewart Cup for the U15 Competition, with Robin Shand runner-up. Our A Team had a very close match finally winning the Junior Team competition over Merchiston Castle by only 3 points out of 1800. The team members were Daniel Gutteridge, David Virgo and Georgia Gooch.
Three Championship Trophies
During the 2012/13 summer holidays, six pupils attended the Scottish Outdoor Championships at Lauder. Daniel Gutteridge, David Virgo, Steven Brown, David Lee, Georgia Gooch and Rebecca Scott experienced a major championship for the first time. Lack of experience did not prevent the shooters from having a successful week, winning three trophies. Daniel won the Scottish Junior U18 Championship, Steven won the Scottish Junior U15 Championship and the team of Daniel, Steven and David won the Scottish Junior Team Championship.
The outdoor season if finished for this year so this term we are back in the indoor range.
Results in from the British Schools' Smallbore Rifle Association Autumn leagues show that George Watsons U18 team of Jack Sime, Ross Newell, Daniel Gutteridge, David Virgo and Michael Stainton are currently in 1st place, with three more rounds of competition to go it is all to play for.
The U15 team of Georgia Gooch, Claire Baker, Rebecca Scott and Steven Brown are currently 2nd within their league, with very few points separating 1st and 2nd place and two rounds of competition remaining a continued strong performance from each team member will make for and interesting final.
The School Club was formed in 1970 when the Combined Cadet Force was disbanded
Until that time there was a long tradition of target shooting through the CCF, using Army issue equipment and focussing on small-bore shooting during the winter and full-bore shooting in the summer months. The highlight of the year was the annual trip to Bisley to compete in the British Schools' Full-bore Championship.
From 1970 onwards the Club focussed on small-bore and shoots in the original cadet range which was built in 1935. Upgrades have provided a modern and comfortable facility with eight firing points. The main competitions are indoor leagues against other clubs and schools during the winter and we encourage members to shoot outdoor in the summer. All members are encouraged to shoot competitively.
Allotment Club
Angling Club
Blogging Club
Chemistry Club
Computer Programming Club
D&D (Dungeons and Dragons)
Debating Society
Drama Crews
Drill Driver Club
Equestrian & Polo Clubs
LGBT+ and Discuss
Mini Enterprise (S1)
Photography Club (S3)
Pipes and Drums
Politics, Philosophy & Economics (PPE) Society
Scale Modelling Club
Trampoline Club
Unicycle Club


A wise person first learns to know the laws of the world; and then his wishes become powers that are realized.
Due to Illness this some sections of this DIGESTWORLD Issue have been OMITTED.
6. Poem from Cosmosophy, Volume 2:"Cosmic Speech"
This month Violet and Joey learn about SUDOKU Puzzles.
Nothing could be more boring than a detail list of the problems Del and I encountered during my recovery at home. Besides, I was in no condition to record the various challenges we had to face and overcome. Del did a masterful job arranging our various doctors' appointment and acquiring the proper medications. Our latest challenge is getting weight back on my body and developing strength back in my upper body muscles. Many guys would love to get my doctor's prescription: "Eat everything you like that is full of fats, calories, proteins, etc." He wanted me to add weight and I wasn't feeling like eating very much. So we left his office and I told Del, "We're going to get a Hot Fudge Malted and a Roast Beef Poorboy for lunch." That I did feel like eating and soon my appetite began returning. We got creative in finding take-out meals from local restaurants which we both enjoyed.
As for muscle strength we were introduced to two tormentors who came over a couple times a week to insist that I do exercises. These were walking exercises and lifting weights. I quickly acquired a set of bicycle pedals which I could set up in front of my chair in the Living Room and do five minutes on the bicycle a couple of times a day. Soon I got some 3-lb. barbells and incorporated my pumping the weights up and down in the various positions the OT and PT "helpers" had suggested.
It occurred to me that it was as if Del and I were on a large cruise ship as we moved from one room to another during each day. I have five places where I sit: the kitchen, the living room, the PC workstation, the Screening Room, and the Master Bedroom recliner where I sleep at night. With the cold weather abating, I have begun to walk outside (on deck, if you will) around in the yard and sit on chairs to enjoy the grounds around our home. Our trips to the doctors were like cruise excursions where we had to prepare to board a vehicle to be driven to our destination and back. At first getting my Mobilator (a 4-wheel chair) into our car was a big job for Del, but as I have recovered my strength, I can walk without mobile chair into the various doctors offices with very little help. Several time times we need our landscaper's help getting me into the car. Then our son Stoney offered his help with getting us back and forth to the doctor.
One particular cruise came to mind when the Viking Sky sea cruise ship encountered a serious problems along the shore line of Norway and had to declare a MAYDAY around midnight. The ship's engine had shutdown and they began airlifting passengers by helicopter to shore, one at a time, in darkness, heavy seas, and strong winds. Soon the ship had anchored safely and by morning was able to be towed into Molde harbor for removing the rest of the crew and passengers. Good thing was that no lives were lost and only 20 passengers were injured, most only slightly.
We followed the events of the Sky because it was the same ship we had cruised from England up to the North Cape of Norway this past July for our fortieth Wedding Anniversary. We knew all the places aboard the ship from personal experience.
As an instrument and control systems engineer and software designer, I was particularly interested in what happened to shutdown the ship engine: A normal amount of lubricating oil suddenly triggered an engine shutdown when a huge wave rocked its oil tanks. This caused an automatic engine shutdown to prevent damage to the engine. I had an engine which was damaged due to a fluke of low oil pressure back in 1974 on my 1951 MG TD. I had driven about forty miles from home to the Thompson Motor Speedway in Connecticut. I was carefully driving at the recommended 40 mph around the curved track unaware of the engine trouble which awaited me. My engine oil level was fine for driving, but the track curved in a counter-clockwise direction which caused the oil level to move away from the oil sump and caused a bearing failure. I had to limp home with the car and have the engine overhauled. From my personnel experience with my TD, I could have anticipated the problem which nearly caused a large 1300 capacity cruise ship to crash into a rocky shore of Norway. The ship needs some way of suppling oil to its engines even in the case of heavy seas.
Last month the question was "Where's the Photos?" and the answer is in this DIGESTWORLD Issue. I began feeling well enough to take photos about mid-March, but most of my photos were taken using the telephoto capabilities of my new SONY HX90 which my friend Barrett Chevalier recommended to me. With it I could take photos of most of the Timberlane grounds from a chair in the West Portico. By the last week of the month I was walking around the grounds and taking photos sans telephoto as well. Plus I was able to take photos of some of the friends which visited me over the month. This month I am publishing the first of two reviews of Cosmosophy by Rudolf Steiner. Originally published in 2005, my Good Readers will find it interesting. My ability to work for more than a few minutes on my PC has begun to increase and has been a welcome relief and a good way to fill my long hours at home. I have attempted to create as many of the features of my DIGESTWORLD Issues as possible this month and expect to add more as my recovery proceeds.
Our son Stoney has been a great help. I hadn't driven my 2010 Maxima since mid-December and the battery went bad. With Stoney driving over from across the Lake to help his mom, Del, he has been able to get a new battery installed and keep the car running which helped his wife Sue to do her errands in their car. Sue came to visit one day with Stoney and asked if there was anything she could fix me for me. She does great pralines, but there was one thing I had been having a craving for, my mother's lemon meringue pie. Sue gave me the idea when she said, "I love the way Mama Annette cooked everything." She volunteered to bake me a pie using my mother's recipe. I directed her to the Recipe page on my website and she said it took her three attempts to get it just right and Del and I have greatly enjoyed the lemon meringue pie baked the way my mom made it. The secret was in how she made th lemon base, using Jello lemon pudding and adding the yolks of the eggs left from the meringue. Thanks, Sue! Del and I polished off the the last of the pie yesterday!
Our LSU basketball team won the SEC outright, beating both Kentucky and Tennessee, then made a run into the Sweet Sixteen where they dropped out of March Madness. This was the most fun LSU team to watch play in my memory. I'm looking forward to having Coach Will Wade fully re-instated for the coming year once all the truth comes out in his Federal testimony in April.
This headline wouldn't have made sense until LSU beat Miss State in its road series, winning the final game 11-2 as the LSU bats began swinging and connecting for runs. Is it too soon to be making plans for Omaha? The meat of the SEC schedule lies ahead and the pitching and hitting are hitting full stride.
Thanks to the many visitors and well-wished of the past two months. My siblings Janet and Steve visited me in the hospital with their spouses. Del's brother Dan and wife Karen who live in Mandeville told me that "All the Episcopalians on the North Shore are praying for you." Stoney came over with Tony Scholl who just moved near Stoney in Covington and had Norman Pineda drop by for a visit. My daughter Carla came by her Polish exchange student, Natalia, for Mardi Gras visit, also with Patrick and Garret. My good buddy from Waterford 3 days, Steve Samanie dropped by for a visit. Our Burgundian friends from the French Quarter, Sandra and John Callendar, and Ron and Cathy Whitcomb, dropped by and brought lunch to share with us one day. My service buddies, Frank, Jim, Barlow, and Robert came by on a couple of Thursdays and we shared a meal together in our living room. Several neighbors dropped by, Connie and Don, Barbara and Gerri, Rhonda and Zack, Dianne Cruze, and many other came by.
The difference between genius and stupidity is that genius has it limits.
Triple Frontier (2019) Special Forces team of warriors tackle a new frontier in the depth of a drug lord's castle and the face escaping over the Andes mountains with a ton of cash.
Hunter Killer (2018) Gerard Butler stars in great submarine adventure.
NOTE: Cosmosophy, Volume 2, inspired me to write this poem to express the consonants of the stars which fill us with form when we speak, and the vowels of the planets which fill us with life when we open our mouths to sing.
For our Good Readers, here is the review featured this month. This review was published as a Blurb 52, September, 2004 and will be of interest to our DIGESTWORLD Readers.
The theme of this book is best given in Steiner's own words spoken at the beginning of Lecture 10. This book can be considered a graduate course for students of his spiritual science. It requires some understanding all his other writings to grasp fully what he presented in these eleven lectures back in 1921. I include the passage from Alan Howard so that undergrads may be forewarned before attempting this material. By all means buy this book if you have an interest in Steiner ? someday you'll feel ready to read it and make sense of it.
Unless we become aware of this process of destruction which each of us holds inside of us — a living presence which, like a tempered sword pulled from its sheath, can be used for good or for destruction — Western civilization will decline. Only by becoming conscious of the process can it be shaped into a force of ascent.
It is thoughts, however, that we direct into this life of will. Yes, but when? Only when we do not surrender ourselves to our instincts, our desires, to the so-called lower human nature ? for this is indeed down below ? which urges us then to willing and to deeds. We receive our will, however, into that which constitutes our subjective experience when we control it with our pure thoughts, which are directed toward willing, that is to say, when we control it with our intuitively grasped moral ideals.
Just when the human being is approaching the Midnight Hour of Existence, however, he must enter into relationship to the archangelic beings through the angel being. Should this relationship be of such a nature — as it may well be when man is living in the spiritual world — that it not only comes from the side of the angel being to humanity but can be reciprocated by the human being, then man must absorb a spiritual content, which means that he must color his moral impulses religiously.
Anomie means the breakdown or absence of moral standards in an individual or society -- a condition that in an individual leads to feelings of disorientation, anxiety, and isolation. It is the personal equivalent of a ship losing its rudder and being unable to steer, moving wherever the tides and winds take it — feeling as if one is homeless, without some valuable place where one belongs, be it a house, a family, a job, a church, or the like. Those who are deeply affected by the plight of the homeless owe it to themselves to seek out and extirpate the anomie within themselves. The conditions which lead to anomie have their roots in our not having established a right relationship with our guardian angel, and thence with our archangels and archai during our return trip to Earth to begin this lifetime. The homeless are deeply immersed in anomie, but those who find resonance with the homeless can take that as a signal to begin their inner relationship with their Guardian Angel in this lifetime, starting right now. It would seem that those attracted to helping homeless persons are seeking to relate to them as the homeless?s Guardian Angels ? to provide a human equivalent of what the homeless were unable to achieve with their own spiritual Guardian Angels, up until now.
[page 131] It is perfectly comprehensible that Nietzsche, who suffered so tragically from our purely intellectual culture, should have distilled this intellectual concept of the superman, which actually has no content, out of what can be offered in the intellectual culture. Nietzsche never came to a real comprehension of the Christ, and this brought him to this peculiar situation — that out of the urge of the I-seed, and also out of the necessity to remain within the intellectual culture, he became not a worshiper of Christ but a worshiper of the Antichrist, a reverer, a glorifier of Antichrist. In Nietzsche, in a form amounting to a genius, Antichristianity appeared. This Antichristianity, however, if it were to remain what it is today, would never be able to arouse in the human being anything but dreams of an abstract superman, implanting in man at the same time the certainty that this superman dies along with earthly existence. Nietzsche wanted to cling desperately to the idea of evolution, but even this desperate clinging was no help to him. Out of the abstractions of intellectualism, he arrived merely at the "recurrence of the same," so that no higher stages could later be evolved, nothing but this repetition of the same, which, however, is only there in order to cling desperately, as I said, to the idea of evolution.
From these lectures we can develop a comprehensive view of the work of the I during the seven year periods of a person?s life from 21 when the I first becomes active to age 49 when seven cycles of seven have been complete. There are my preliminary thoughts on these things, a short essay within a review, if you?ll pardon the digression, which I intend to be an expansion of the penultimate paragraph above this one.
We learned about the will existing between the I and the astral body, so by an exercise of will our fully developed I at 28 can begin working on purifying our astral body ? think of the astral body as a grain mash and the spirit self which the I refines from the astral body as the distilled liquor or spirit which steams up from the mash and to be condensed into spirit self or manas. This is what it means for our I at age 28 to begin to work on refining our astral body, the one closest to and immediately below or preceding the I in its maturation.
Our I cannot begin its refining or distilling operation on the lower three bodies until 28 for reasons of its own evolution. Our I is present at birth, but the I must wait until the physical body finishes its seven year evolution [0-7]. After that the etheric begins its maturation period of seven years and thinking develops between the etheric and physical body[7-14]. Next the astral body begins its seven years of maturation and shares feeling with the etheric body [14-21]. In the fourth stage we focus seven years developing our I-body or I. When we finally arrive at age 28, then and only then is our I ready and able to apply its willing function for the next seven years. It begins the process of refining the body that it is closest to, the astral body, the grain mash, if you will, that was fully present since age 21. Out of the refining process that the I exerts on the astral body the spirit self begins to form into what can be called our individual ?Holy Spirit? stage of spiritual growth.
Next period is the 42-49 year span. The I continues refining the astral into spirit self and the etheric into life spirit, but through the past seven year period of self-education by its work with the etheric body, the I has learned to deal with the thinking activity which exists in the space between the etheric and the physical body. This has made it possible for the I to begin at age 35 its initial work on purification of the physical body into spirit human or atman. This represents the ?Father? stage of our spiritual growth.
If you prefer any comments or photos you send to be private, simply say so and they will not be published. There was not time enough to include the many emails this month.
3. Poem from Freedom on the Half Shell: "The Pledge of Freedom"


This paper describes the use of bitmap indices for optimizing Storage of RDF triples. Implementation techniques are described and results analyzed for different size data sets, up to a billion triples.
We show how we can load the 1 billion triple LUBM benchmark set with a sustained rate of 12692 triples/s and the 47M triple Wikipedia data set at a rate of 20800 triples/s.
Since the previous version, we have split the IRI ID-to-IRI mapping into two tables, one for the prefix and one for the local part of the name. This drops per triple space usage from 92 to 74 bytes after the LUBM load. We have also somewhat changed the distribution of operations on threads, dropping the load time from 28:45 to 23:446 (HH:MM).
Persistent RDF data needs to be indexed in at least two ways: One way for retrieving the properties of a subject and another way for locating subjects which have a given property set to a given value. We may safely say that all RDF storage schemes will face these requirements. How a specific storage scheme addresses grouping triples into graphs will vary depending on the expected number and size of graphs. For a general purpose solution that is not tuned to any specific data set, the graph information will have to figure on each triple. Creating distinct tables for graphs can be inconvenient if there are many small graphs, thus this is not a good general solution even though this makes good sense when a specific graph is expected to grow very large.
We will address fine-tuning storage schemes for specific data sets in another paper., here we will be concerned with a general purpose scheme.
As soon as we move past a few million triples on a typical desktop machine, we are likely to exceed available memory and processing will quickly become IO bound. Hence space efficiency of triple storage is a prime concern.
We will present results obtained with Virtuoso using different triple storage models and introduce a bitmap index scheme that brings significant improvement to both load and query times.
The data will be periodically updated as the loading process is further fine tuned.
In the below, we abbreviate subject as S, predicate as P, graph as G and object as O.
We have used two different size data sets for testing: The medium size set is the Wikipedia links data set with 47 million triples. As the large set, we have used the Lehigh University Benchmark 8000 university data set with 1 billion triples.
The initial impetus for the present work came from loading the Wikipedia links data set. Using a 3GHzAMD 64 machine with 2G RAM, we found that the loading was heavily IO bound. The database was striped over 4 SATA disks and disk activity was at 350% at the end of the load, meaning that 3.5 of 4 disks were busy at any time. The load took 11 hours to complete. We have reduced this to 2h 50 minutes by using a more space efficient indexing scheme.
We see the typical RDF usage scenario to be similar to that of a text based search engine. The incoming data stream is a bulk load of documents and the query load is basically random access with fairly uneven distribution of search terms.
We can imagine other types of workloads such as business intelligence with complex queries making statistics over a large fraction of the store or update intensive OLTP workloads but we feel that a purely relational solution for these remains fundamentally better. Thus, if such content is to be presented as RDF, it is best done in the context of Virtuoso by using Linked Data Views where SPARQL becomes SQL accessing the native relational data in Virtuoso or any external database.
We note that the trend in business intelligence databasing is towards column-wise storage, i.e. having any given column of a table stored next to the same column of the next row of the table. This makes sense since most queries do not address all columns of the table, thus it is advantageous to only read the columns that are actually referenced. The RDF storage model is not so different: For example, for calculating the average trading price of a commodity over millions of transaction records, if these were stored as RDF triples, it would be possible to read a contiguous range of the PGOS index with P and G fixed and add up the prices and count the rows, which is not so different from how a column-wise stored database operates. In fact, if PGOS has a bitmap for S and there were not many distinct Os, the storage efficiency would be even better than what one would get for column wise storage, as we shall later see. So there are actually cases where a triple storage model can do some aggregation operations quite efficiently. This bears further research.
Looking at the bulk load situation, we notice that most inserting is basically in ascending order, creating new IRIs for new subjects. The index from predicate/object value to the subject has a more random access pattern, still there too we find that within each distinct GPO the S will often be ascending.
Bulk load of RDF data must be divided across a number of threads so that IO load can be distributed over multiple concurrently operating disks. This poses no transactional problems since a document does not have to be loaded as a single transaction. On the other hand, if transactional load of data is important, multiple document loads may proceed concurrently. This is however liable to deadlock and in the case of inserting new subjects, the threads are likely to wait for each other. The situation occurs when a thread inserting many adjacent GSPO tuples upgrades row locks to a page lock and the new subject would come to the same page. Of course, lock escalation can be disabled but there is little gain an having two threads competing for the same page even if they each run on a different processor. Experience rather indicates that in such situations, two processors perform worse than a single processor, even when measured in real time.
Thus our loading model works with one stream of documents, where each document is split over 4 threads: The first for parsing the TTL or RDFXML and allocating IRI IDs for the IRIs and 3 threads for inserting triples. These three worker threads feed off a queue that is filled by the parser thread.
This distributes read requests on the PGOS index quite evenly but leaves the threads often getting in each other's way when updating the last page of GSPO.
Thus, a more optimal setting could be to have one thread take care of all purely ascending inserts on GSPO. Most of the time an index lookup will not even be necessary since the data will come to the same page as the previous insert.
If a GSPO tuple is not in the same sequence, it can be inserted by a separate thread. Thus a better solution might be to have one thread for parsing, one for ascending inserts of GSPO and 3 sharing all non-ascending GSPO and PGOS tuples. Relatively more threads should be used for PGOS since there is a higher chance of IO being needed.
Experiment shows that contention on mutexes on a multiprocessor system is several times more expensive than on a single processor. Differences between OS are significant but even the better performing ones such as Solaris have a high cost for any mutex wait. Spin locks are available on some systems as a distinct object from the mutex but these have such a prohibitive worst case that they are not generally usable for serializing database index operations. The main critical section that we are interested in is the one that controls transit from an index page to another. This serializes the read/write lock of the page being left, the hash table for looking up the buffer for the destination page and the read write lock for the destination page. Each index tree has its own mutex for the purpose. The typical section consists of resetting the write flag of the former page, getting the buffer of the target page and setting its write flag. This is less machine instructions than locking and unlocking the mutex. Experiment shows that 3 threads writing to the RDF table collectively spend 10% in the mutex of the GSPO index and 20% in the PGOS index's mutex. Still, the small number of waits makes this benefit little from multiple CPUs. Past two threads, performance does not increase on our test system running Linux FC5. One solution would be to automatically range partition trees into approximately equal size chunks and give each of these their own tree and own mutex. While the section is short and may possibly be shortened still, only 10 threads on the same tree will cause spinlocks to hit a very bad worst case, thus spin locks are not an option even though these are often slightly faster. Also, there are longer stretches where this mutex is taken, for example when rehashing a hash table or when getting multiple pages for compaction, thus a spin lock that does not automatically upgrade to mutex is not acceptable.
Bitmap indices are a well established relational database technique for dealing with low cardinality key values. Examples of such are gender, the state/country part of an address, generally any enumeration type value where the count of distinct values is small compared to the row count of the table. After each key value comes a bitmap where the bit corresponding to the row number of the row where the value occurs is set. We note that such a scheme requires that each row of the table have an integer or at any rate integer-like row id. More generally, we can say that bitmap indices are suited for representing any key whose last key part is an integer and where the leading parts are not by themselves unique.
Thus, the PGOS index is a candidate for bitmap index representation since S is an IRI ID, thus a special kind of integer. The GSPO index is not a candidate for this, since O is an ANY type value that cannot be easily mapped into the set of integers. Some storage schemes assign an integer id for each distinct O however. In such situations, the O could be a bitmap but this would have benefit only in the case of a bag of triples sharing the same GSP.
Experiment shows that for the 47M triples of the Wikipedia links set, there are about 8M distinct PGOs. Thus, if the S were a bitmap, there would be on the average a little under 6 bits set in each bitmap. Of course, the values are not evenly distributed. Thus, about 6M PGOs have only one S and the most popular PGO has about 2M Ss.
Thus, for a bitmap index to be useful, it must have a minimal overhead for bitmaps with only a single bit set and it must be rapidly searchable for random lookups and inserts.
In Virtuoso we resolved this by making a bitmap index have the same layout as a general index with one variable length string that does not participate in the key order comparison attached at the end.
Thus, the key for PGOS has two integers, one string, one integer as the ruling part and one string as dependent part. If there is only one bit set, the bitmap string is empty and the S holds the value of the bit. If more than one bits are set, the S is rounded to the lower 8K below the lowest value and the bits are represented in the bitmap string,. The bitmapstring uses different representations depending on how many bits are set. In the RDF case, the bits that are set can be very sparsely spread out, more so than in a relational database with an enumeration for state, country or other category field. Thus, if each bitmap index entry had a fixed range, we could easily lose any space advantage. Thus we divide the set of signed 64 bit integer values into segments of 8K values. When there is at least one bit set in such a range on values, there is a compression unit corresponding to this range stored in the index. Many compression units can fit into a single bitmap string, as long as the bitmap string itself stays under 1 KB. When the bitmap string would become longer, we simply split it, somewhat like splitting a B tree leaf. The longest possible compression unit is 1KB long, with 1 bit per each of the 8192 values in the unit's range.
We have not used any dictionary based compression because this takes time and is not searchable for random access. Thus, if a compression entry (CE) has only one bit, it is a 4 byte offset of the S of the containing index entry. If it has under 512 bits on, it is an array of 16 bit bit numbers from the start of the CE's range and a 32 bit offset from the S of the containing row. If it has more than 512 bits set, the bitmap is represented as a 1KB bitmap with no compression.
Using the WordNet? data set, where there are 1.1M distinct PGOs for 1.9M triples, the bitmap index for PGOS took 60% of the space of the non-bitmap index for GSPO. Using the Wikipedia and the LUBM data sets, the bitmap index was about a quarter of the size of the GSPO index.
The insert operation into a bitmap index is somewhat more complex than with a regular B tree. Still, with the task of loading the 1.9 M triples of WordNet?, the time difference was only 4% in favor of regular indices. With any larger data set, bitmap indices were found overwhelmingly superior because of fitting four times more data into the same working set.
While the logic for bitmap indices is quite a bit more complex than for a regular B tree, the most often traversed execution paths are not much longer plus there is a likelihood of better CPU cache utilization and a certainty of better disk performance due to more compact data size.
We have considered the possibility of leaving out leading key parts in some indices, after all, the PG sequence , is almost always the same throughout the page. However,, if PGOS is bitmapped, the typical page will not contain so many rows, thus benefits are not huge. The GS sequence is also repeated a large number of times in a GSPO index page. The index entry is typically 25 bytes, with 6 overhead, 3 times 4 for IRIs of G, S, P and an average of 7 for the O. If repeating GS were compressed away, there would have to be an entry in their place indicating where the original value was so that the page could still be read in random order. Thus maybe 4 of 27 bytes could be saved. Making a dedicated table per graph gets the same gain without the complexity.
The table mapping IRI IDs to the IRI string and back can benefit from compressing namespaces of qualified names.
The most effective and generally applicable measure that we have tried is opportunistically merging adjacent stretches of dirty index leaf pages before writing to disk. This results in index pages that are 25 to 30% fuller than without and applies to any application that makes large inserts or updates. The overhead of having such optimization done before preparing a batch of dirty pages to be written to disk is only 4% of real time with the RDF loader. With an application performing inserts only, the overhead is still under 10%. These overheads are measured when the working set would fit in memory even without the compaction. Of course, all overhead turns into net gain if the working set would otherwise exceed the size of RAM. If the working set is much below the size of RAM, the compaction never runs because pages are not prepared for paging to disk anyhow. This is far better than any algorithm linking tree maintenance to updating the tree. Since this is basically an IO optimization, it is best done in relation to IO. Some improvements to the compaction algorithm are possible, such as not limiting the operation to stretches of contiguous dirty pages but also writing clean ones if the end result does not have more dirty pages than the starting situation.
This same operation is also ideally suited for reassigning disk pages so that logically contiguous leaves become physically contiguous. More experimentation is needed there. Even with a read ahead system that sorts by disk position and uses distinct threads for reading distinct devices, tighter locality can make a radical difference, over 10x in real time. For purely random access situations, the disk layout is not so significant.
This section presents the results of loading the LUBM 8000 university data set and the 47M triple Wikipedia links data set.
The system used was a Supermicro 7045 SATA server running Linux FC 5 64 bit with 4 disks and 8G memory and two Intel Xeon 5130 processors at 2GHz. The Virtuoso server was the regular open source version 4.5, revision 5, generally available as of November 2006. The server was compiled with -O, normal optimizations. Compiling with -O3 instead was tested to produce a 5% drop in real time for the CPU bound Wikipedia load. The database files were each in separate ext2 file systems. O_DIRECT was used for bypassing OS file cache but we do not think this made a significant impact on the results.
Loading the data took 23 hours 46 minutes of real time, with a CPU time of 35h 39m.
The below graphs show the throughput in triples per second and the disk read and CPU percentages as a function of time. In the percentages, 100 means one CPU or one disk constantly busy. The samples were taken at 10 minute intervals.
The throughput dips periodically as the database makes a checkpoint, i.e. writes all dirty pages to disk and makes a clean read-only state and discards the transaction log. AFTER each checkpoint the throughput rises slightly due to better working set. The server was set up to keep about 3/4ths of the buffers dirty in the expectation that a dirty page would be updated many times before it moved out of the working set.
In order to measure the effect of a large database size on load times of mid-size data sets, we loaded the 47M triple Wikipedia set on top of the 8000 university set, going to the same tables but with its own graph.
The load of the Wikipedia TTL file took 28 minutes 26 seconds or real time and 67 minutes of CPU.
The below graph shows the insert rate and CPU load. There is no IO worth mentioning, the operation takes place in memory.
We note that the throughput at the start is almost twice that of the lUBM load, even though the LUBM load started with an empty database and this one goes on top of 1 billion triples.
This is due to the Wikipedia data being in TTL, which is a much more efficient format than RDFXML. The CPU utilization is much better since the parser can now feed triples into the insert queue faster than the insert worker threads can insert them.
The 8000 university data set produces a database with 76091 MB of space used. The database files are striped on 4 disks, with a preallocated database size of 120G. The server is configured with 5468 MB of database buffers out of a total system memory of 8G. The data set consists of 1068M quads, all in the same graph. the space consumed per quad is 75 bytes after the load is completed.
We note that this comes in large part from having half full pages that were not compacted by the automatic compaction.
During the load, there were 2.35M disk reads, i.e. database cache misses, of which 1.75 M were on the bitmap index for PGOS. There were 0.55 M disk reads for the index for long O values, i.e. values that are not inlined in the quad table's O column. We note that the disk seek times were quite long towards the end, due to data being spread far apart in relatively long database files, 30G each. The average disk read was 17 ms while with smaller databases it is about 10 ms, presumably due to less disk head movement. Using more disks decreases this latency. There were 14.8 M disk writes, for a volume of 115625 MB written. Thus some pages were written to several times but most were written just once.
To see how much space is lost due to partly filled pages, we ran an explicit compaction on the RDF_QUAD_PGOS index. The size dropped from 10324 MB to 9129 MB. This suggests that for mostly read intensive data sets it is worthwhile to run an extra compaction pass after large bulk loads. The compaction took 3.5 hours but this is a background activity that does not interfere with other operation, except insofar it loads IO and bias the working set.
The data set had 173M distinct IRIs. This fits well in the range of a 32 bit IRI ID. We note that the RDF_QUAD table count is not limited by any 32 bit row id since it does not have any row id to begin with. Using a 64 bit IRI ID is possible but it would simply make the tables larger. The GSPO index would be about 60% bigger, the bitmap index for PGOS would be affected less.
We will later publish our analysis of running the LUBM queries on Virtuoso at different scales. For now, we can make the following general comments.
For queries where multiple predicates of the same subject are specified, the bitmap index for PGOS works specially well. The join of all posts having the sioc:topic "database" and sioc:topic "sparql" for example becomes a logical and of bitmaps for these plus the bitmap for Ss with a sioc:type of sioc:Post. This can typically be resolved in a few disk reads, one for the first page of "database" topics , first page of "sparql" topics and then the page of sioc:Post types that has the lowest S gotten from the AND of the sparql and database topic bitmaps. The time complexity is logarithmic for finding the first and linear for the rest of the merge intersection or bitwise AND.
This however presupposes that the type information is explicitly represented. It could be that the sioc:Post type is not explicitly given but should instead be inferred as the union of blog posts and wiki pages, for example. This would substitute the sioc:Post bitmap with a logical OR or merge union of multiple other bitmaps. The same techniques remain otherwise applicable.
For traversing data from object to subject, such as listing all subforums and posts of a forum, the GSPO index will work well, in log(n) time for each first post or subforum and then linear for subsequent ones.
Certain inferencing situations will require knowledge of subpredicates. For example, has_finger could be a subpredicate of has_part. If only the most specific parthood is explicit, unions will have to be generated from the subpredicates if querying for a higher level predicate. If querying for what the relation between <me> and <my left index finger> is, we should get has_finger and has_part.
We may support type subsumption and subpredicates at the SQL engine level. Instead of generating complex unions that are quite difficult to optimize, we may have the SQL execution graph node have specific knowledge. Thus, when querying with a given G, P = rdfs:type and O = sioc:Post and S being retrieved, we could expand the search to merge all known subclasses of sioc:Post into one stream of results. This would work also if the predicate were known only at run time. Data about cardinality of types can quite easily be incorporated into the query cost model if necessary.
For conjunctive queries, i,e, queries where the graph is left unspecified so that any triple from any graph will join with any other graph if the conditions on S, P and O match, we notice that indices including the graph as key part are ineffective. Thus it is possible to take the table with GSPO and create indices in the order of SPOG and POSG. The G can be a bitmap in both cases but this is of little benefit unless the same triple is present in multiple graphs. Simply making indices with SPO and POS does not allow efficient deleting if multiple graphs assert the same triple. Removing one triple should check if the same triple is in other graphs which is time consuming. It is however not impossible since it is possible to relatively quickly enumerate distinct graphs based on the GSPO index: Just take the first row and then the first row with G greater than the previous one. This is log (n) times the number of distinct Gs for each deletion, still quite impractical, specially if there are many Gs and few repeated triples.
The ideas presented above are speculative and may or may not be implemented. The first point of call is an analysis of the LUBM query load plus some typical queries against the SIOC and FOAF schemas against data harvested from the web.
We have demonstrated that it is possible to load a billion triples with relatively even performance throughout the load with common server hardware. There are many ways of further optimizing the loading. Even now, performance is quite adequate for even large data sets.
We note that RDFXML is significantly slower to load than TTL. Measurement shows that this is not so much due to syntax but to the fact of the LUBM data being in 160000 small files whereas the Wikipedia is one big file. The IRI IDs are cached during the load so that we get a better hit rate with bigger files.
Anyway, we will next change the IRI to ID mapping and drop the LUBM database size by 12G and optimize the IRI ID lookup transaction. We will update the results when this is done, still in Nov 2006.
We believe we have found a scalable and efficient triple storage scheme, thus future work can concentrate on optimizing queries and improving the mapping of relational data into RDF.
This paper will be updated as results improve, either by configuration changes or further optimizations.
Further work on storage optimization is possible through specializing the storage format, for example by introducing SPMJVs, subject-predicate matrix join views. This will be later revisited in the context of relational to RDF mapping.


Like every other prognosticator, there are many times I miss the close calls. Just last week 4 games came down to the last play of the game and my predicted winner lost all four. That's football. But it's rare that I misjudge a game as badly as I did this past weekend by predicting a Brigham Young win over Michigan. Final score, Michigan 31 Brigham Young 0. I'm still trying to figure that one out. There is no way BYU is as bad a team as they showed on Saturday. Yes, I'm sure they suffered some fatigue from playing a hard schedule on the road, and yes, I'm sure they suffered some hangover from the disappointing loss at UCLA, but 31-0? Yikes! The biggest question lingering in my mind now is, could Michigan possibly be THAT good? Shouldn't take long to find out, #1 Michigan State comes calling October 17.
I was right about TCU's woes in Lubbock though. The Horned Frogs needed a miracle finish to beat Texas Tech 55-52. But my prediction was nothing close to the master, Lee Corso, who boldly predicted on national TV (Gameday on ESPN), that TCU would "win by a safety", and by George they did. The Horned Frogs recorded a safety earlier in the contest and led by two points back and forth in the game. Later TCU also went for a two point conversion giving an added point to the score for a total winning margin of 3 points. Coach Corso needs to don a fortune teller's cap next week during predictions. Should I even mention the Longhorn's woes? I won't even go there other than to say Texas is a very dangerous team. Two plays separate Texas from being 3-1 with the lone loss at the hands of undefeated Notre Dame. The next two weeks for Texas? TCU in Fort Worth and Oklahoma in Dallas. I would not be surprised if one of those unbeaten teams didn't fall at the hands of the Horns.
The Pac 12 was full of surprises Saturday with one down right shocker as Utah marched into Autzen Stadium and demolished the slightly favored Ducks 62-20. Looks like Oregon's dominance of the Pac 12 North is in jeopardy for sure. And what about those Bears. California is still undefeated after beating Washington in Seattle. That's the second big road win in a row after beating Texas in Austin last Saturday. In the Southern Division one thing was clear, it was not a good night for the state of Arizona as both the Wildcats and Sun Devils lost badly to the LA Two. UCLA throttled Arizona 56-30 while USC was thrashing Arizona State 42-14. There are some huge Pac 12 games on the near horizon as Stanford hosts UCLA on October 15 (a Thursday night game), and USC hosts Utah on October 24.
Down in the SEC LSU, Ole Miss, and Texas A&M all had their hands full Saturday with Syracuse, Vanderbilt, and Arkansas. They fared better than Auburn, Missouri, and Tennessee though, all of whom lost close, tight, games they were expected to win against Mississippi State, Kentucky, and Florida. Maybe Texas and Tennessee could play in the "give Away Bowl" this season. OK, that was just plain uncalled for.
Boise State is still my highest ranked "group of five" team, but I'm sure noticing some strong performances rumbling from the American conference. Watch out for Houston, Temple, and Memphis. If one of those teams happen to come through undefeated, they could possibly overtake the Broncos of the Mountain West for that coveted "New Year's Day" Bowl slot. Hmmm……I think Toledo deserves a mention in that conversation too, at this point anyway.
Big weekend coming up. Stay tuned for predictions to post Wednesday.


In & Out Locksmith and their network of licensed affiliates experts can duplicate any unique Saab vehicle key on the spot for you. Whether you require a 9-3 or a 340 model, you can be certain that we'll have it ready while you wait. You don't have to hit that dreadful panic button because we've got you fully covered for all lockout emergencies. We'll give you an excellent rate as well. Please allow thirty minutes for arrival.
You might not have enough time to reach a Saab dealership before they close shop for the day. That's never the case with In & Out since we work nonstop to bring you round-the-clock roadside coverage. We'll replicate the precise chip key or ignition key needed, thanks in part to our complex technology. We're able to fine tune the key straight down the emblem. We cut keys as well.
We and our network of affiliates offer a large selection of Saab services that includes; Saab car key duplication & key cutting, Saab transponder key repair, Saab ignition keys, vehicle door lock rekey, expert lock picking, unlock trunks, removing damaged ignition keys, window lock installation and much more. Our roadside technicians understand the meaning of reliability. As a matter of fact, we've received rave reviews from the local community. Our hard work and effort is constantly recognized and appreciated. We make sure you get a pleasant experience each time.
Call the Saab Locksmith Experts Right Away!
When it comes to mastering the locksmith trade, you won't find another company as dedicated as we are. We don't only limit ourselves to Saab locksmith solutions as we are well-versed in all aspects of the trade. Feel free to browse our vast collection of satisfied customer testimonials. We and our licensed affiliates genuinely love what we do and it shows. You can purchase a simple keychain from any supplies store and attach your keys to it to prevent loss from occurring. Contact our Dallas office 24/7 for emergency roadside coverage and find out why we're the best!


Many photos of artificial craters on Mars are included below. Craters with polygon shapes, flat sides, shallow flat bottoms, etc. which could not possibly have been created naturally such as the Richardson crater… which isn't a crater at all.
I have also seen many of these artificial craters with segmented worms carving them out as they ingest the soil. You can see them on the Giant creature Post. I've seen these crater worms on both Mars & the Moon. They remind me of giant ringworms. I'm not sure whether these ringworms create the craters out of natural foraging & nesting or whether the EBE's train them to create these craters or both. Obviously, the worms do not create polygon craters but they may create the initial crater which the EBE's shape.
The craters are used for military defense and underground shelters as well as habitations. One other use of the craters is for ceremonies purposes. l have also seen many Stonehenge style structures on Mars.
This is a photo of Meteor Crater Arizona so you can compare it with the artificial craters on Mars. Notice how it is deep and curved like a bowl. How all the dirt from the crater was ejected around the outer edge of the crater by the impact. Creating a giant mound with a deep bowl shaped hole in the center. Now you can compare this genuine meteor crater in AZ with those artificial craters of Mars.
few of the other planets or their moons in our system are heavily cratered like this except for those which have been colonized. In fact, most planets & moons are barely cratered at all.
Most planets & moons in our solar system have only a handful of genuine craters at best.
Ceres & Calisto are two others with colonies & artificial craters.
Many craters also have a huge rock formation in the center. Certainly not from a meteor impact. Perhaps a leftover indigestible rock from the crater ringworms.
The most recognizable artificial craters are polygon shaped, like stop signs.
Genuine Meteor impacts would excavate the bottom and create a bowl depression like Meteor crater AZ.
Genuine impact craters would also be deeper at the center point of impact.
Mars also has circular plateau mounds which appear to be scraped off smooth & flat on top. Like icing a cake or an upside down cake pan or plateau. What the heck creates a round plateau? We know these are plateaus because of the way the sun reflects on them, as opposed to the craters. It takes years of experience to learn how to identify sunlight & shade to discern between craters & plateaus on satellite images. Both are round. The plateau is above the ground, while the craters are below. Also, your eyes will play tricks on you when viewing craters. One look appears like craters while another look appears like mounds. It is a natural optical illusion. But the sun reflection confirms whether these are mounds or craters. It takes practice to learn this.
Notice how this stop sign shaped crater below has been excavated around the periphery. The interior has what looks like sand dunes but looks more like solar pleating. Water has been detected there. There is no way this is a naturally shaped crater. It isn't a crater at all. Nor did the wind create this artificial shape or unusual interior. This is clearly artificial.
This is an original unedited picture of the Richardson crater I directly copied from Google Earth Mars who obtained their imagery from USGS & ESA. I also have identical images of this "crater" from MSSS & NASA. There is no way this feature was naturally created by a meteor or any other natural process. The silver stripe is an embedded hi res image strip from another satellite.
Here is a larger view of the area above the same image. On a tight zoom, the pleating looks like sand dunes but I believe the censors substituted imagery from the Sahara to make it appear natural. However, there is NOTHING natural about this group of craters. Nor could wind create these directional dunes inside of a crater. Look at the shapes of the interiors of the adjacent craters… none of which are real craters.
This is an uncensored original photo of a craft inside a partially open, artificial crater on Mars. The censors missed this one.
Three craters below have one flat side carved out.In fact, these look like mounds. On the second mound from the bottom, you can see a square entrance carved into the mound. These are actually artificial structures.
By using a contrast tool to lighten or darken features, you can see more detail from the previous image below. Between the 2 bottom mounds, that round object between them is a craft flying with a vapor trail behind. This is a common sighting on most of the Mars imagery. Censors use coloring to hide them. I lightened their Coloring for viewing on the image below, but you can still see it on the unedited image above. Notice the hangar doors on the 2 bottom mounds. The craft appears to have flown out of the bottom mound hangar door but looks too large to fit in the door because it has flown higher and closer to the camera. So the closeness to the satellite camera as the craft flies upward makes the craft appear larger since it is several hundred feet above the mound it departed from. Either that or the craft simply has a short vapor trail which coincidentally ended above the mound giving a false impression or origin. The trails are usually much longer. Either way, it is still a craft with a vapor trail flying above the mounds. There are thousands of these crafts in Most Mars images which I often see flying out of various structures. Many can be seen flying toward the satellite camera.
The 2 bottom craters & the top crater & one center crater each have one side artificially cut flat.
This image shows the space agency censors false color & false darkening they add to hide signs of life. One crater is being created as a polygon and has an excavated rectangular area on the upper left corner of the polygon.
If you remove the coloring on the photo above and use contrast, you can see more details which have been hidden under the colors.
However, upon zooming in closely to the pentagon shaped mound, I discovered lettering on top of the building. ENGLISH lettering which says 3T. It is similar to the way the Grays on the moon use hieroglyphics to distinguish between their buildings which are all round mounds to fool anyone into thinking they are craters instead of buildings. The lettering helps them to locate particular buildings. You can see the 3T which only appeared upon super enlargement of the images above. Since they are using English, these could be some of our own people who disappeared who are living on Mars with the tall EBE's. If they were from the original slaves, they would not be using English. They would be speaking ancient Egyptian, etc.
Your eyes will play tricks on you. So you have to go by the sunlight reflection. The sun is shining from the east. From the upper right. The plateau or mound refection is around the outer right side because it is above the ground. Conversely, the crater sunlight reflection is on the inside of the left interior wall. The dark smudged area was created by censors trying to hide things.
I have never heard anyone mention these crater questions before. It has scientific merit as to why these craters are flat bottomed and not in the shape of a deep bowl with a high ridge around them. And why some of these are flat topped mounds. Or Pentagon shaped. Or an upside down cake pan shaped plateau. None of these craters have impact characteristics. In fact, with the lower gravity on the moon and mars, these craters should have much higher ridges because a lot more dirt from the impact would have ejected a lot further and higher, making a much taller crater rim.
Why do so many craters have a big object in the center of the crater? It is not the meteor because the crater would be several times larger if these huge objects were the meteor. I believe these mountain sized rocks at the center of many of these artificial craters are simply left over rocks the worms could not ingest.
This particular crater also has a second smaller crater on its outer rim. The sun is from the right causing raised objects to cast a shadow to the left.
We also have hundreds of large craters with a second smaller crater perfectly centered on the outer rim of the larger crater. Like a wedding ring design. Incidentally, many of these shallow, flat bottomed craters are the same size and the second smaller interlinking craters on the outer rims of the larger crater are also all the same size if you compared the sets with other similar crater pairs. These are clearly artificial and many are occupied. There is no way these could all be the same size in nature. Mars has hundreds of these.
Here are 2 identical large craters; each with a second small crater also identical in size, centered on the outer rim of the large craters. Both Identical sized pairs. What are the chances of that being natural?
I took a closer look at this double crater & removed the censor shading which was hiding a building & other structures in the center. The dark censor shading turned reddish where I lightened it. Note the artificial square & flat edge shapes on this crater.
I've never heard anyone mention the craters or the worms before. It has nothing to do with conspiracies whatsoever. It is a science curiosity. As for speculations I began seeing several combined Craters. One large crater with a smaller crater interlinked & perfectly aligned on the outer rim. Placing a second small crater on the outer rim of a large crater on hundreds of pairs like this can only have been done artificially. Certainly not from any meteor shower. There are a large number of these artificial crater pairs on Mars & no way these are aligned so perfectly from meteor impacts.
This next image is actually Calisto. One of Jupiters moons.
If you enlarge it and remove some of the shading you can see this crater is also inhabited and is similar double crater design. I had no idea they were on Jupiters moons. I always wondered why we made such a big deal out of Europa, etc. We see lots of movies where we have Earthlings living on Jupiter moons or Saturn's moons. This makes no sense to me. Other than the gravity being similar… it is cold as hell out there and takes a lot of energy to heat up the colonies that far from the sun. Even right here on earth, it is cold as hell if we simply go to Canada. So why would we be comfortable on any planet OR MOON which is farther from the SUN? Yet, here is an artificial crater on the moon Calisto of Jupiter creating an underground habitat for the ebes. There must be ores on Calisto which they cannot obtain on Mars, Earth or our Moon. Either that or a sentry post. It depends on how many habitats they created on Calisto.
Our moon has a highly purified form of aluminum which is not available on earth which they use in the outer shell of their crafts. Earth had a lot of gold which they used in their electrical circuits. Not to mention glass for fiber optics plus a vast supply of fresh water in the great Lakes and anything else they need. This is based on ore dust found near landing sites and the gold preferences of their labor camps like Egypt and Peru, Columbia, etc. Who knows? Our Gov't may also be trading ores and other things with the EBE's for technology exchange. Since the EBE symbol is a pyramid, perhaps some of those corporations with pyramids in their logo's are participating. Read my other articles about these issues.
Calisto. Moon of Jupiter. Artificial crater.
Here are two images side by side. The left image is totally unedited except for cropping its size. The right picture has been edited with a contrast tool to lighten and darken areas. Notice how the center objects remind you of Sand Ships from the Martian Chronicals? Notice the shape of the bottom crater is geometric & polygon like a stop sign.
I placed the unedited original on the left side so you can clearly see I did not alter these shapes in any way. To enlarge, increase the DPI on your photo editor.


text:
Author: Cian Manning
Cian Manning is a native of Waterford city and was educated at the local Mount Sion Primary & Secondary schools. He later studied at University College Cork obtaining a BA & MA. Cian has been a contributor to a number of publications from the match day programmes of League of Ireland soccer clubs Cork City & Cobh Ramblers, Pog Mo Goal blog and magazine, Football Pink, Football Weekends, Ireland's Own and the Waterford News & Star Christmas supplement. Recently he contributed a chapter on Waterford City to the successful publication entitled 'The Towns & Villages of the Waterford Greenway' (2018). Cian previously served as the editor of the Waterford Archaeological & Historical Society journal 'Decies' from 2016 to 2018. 'Waterford City: a history' is his first book
League of Ireland XI – FIFA World Cup Representatives
Jack Kirwan: Dublin Jackeen, London Spur & Adopted Amsterdammer
August 5, 2020 July 27, 2020
'Flying without Wings' – Nicky Byrne at Cobh Ramblers
The Smiths & Football In Manchester
Renting Johann Cruyff To Play In The League Of Ireland
Grampus Gary – Lineker's J-League Journey
Poles Apart – Suski, Lubański & The League Of Ireland