Luke Varney looks back on the Robins 2-2 draw with Forest Green at the Jonny-Rocks Stadium.
After coming off the bench to help the Robins fight back to earn a 2-2 draw in Saturday's home clash with Forest Green, Luke Varney was happy to play his part in helping his side earn a point at the Jonny-Rocks Stadium.
The experienced hit man struck Michael Duff's charges first of two goals, as the Robins recovered from being two goals down to earn a point in front of a crowd of over 5,000.
Varney's goal kick-started the comeback and he was pleased with the impact it had on the game.
"To get a goal I think it gave us a bit of momentum and if I'm being honest I think we finished the game quite well," he said when speaking to the media post-match.
"Maybe even if the game had gone on we might have got another one, so I'm delighted on a personal note but to get the result at the end of the day is a bigger thing for us all.
"Momentum is a big thing and we felt we had it. We are a little disappointed we gave away two sloppy goals away and we could have had an even more positive result, but on the overall balance of the game we go home happy."
Saturday's draw was the club's final game of 2018. Next up is a trip to Yeovil Town's Huish Park on New Year's Day.


We are not a insurance broker, we operate a Sanitas office dedicated to dealing with foreigners in Spain. We can provide you with everything from the papers you need to prove you have health cover in Spain to authorisations for medical care. We can process everything on-line or by email or if you prefer and you're in Málaga province you can visit out office.
We are a group of dedicated professionals who speak your language, offer SANITAS polices in English with doctors and medical services who also speak English. With the ability to deliver the professionalism at quality you expect and at a price you can afford. Sanitas office Nº 23790.
SANITAS is the oldest health insurance company in Spain and was founded in 1954. We are leaders in private health insurance, with nearly 2 million members. In 1989, SANITAS joined BUPA, the UK's leading health insurance company, which looks after 7.5 million members in 190 countries. We provide the best specialists and a first class service. Among others, Real Madrid´s first team is insured with SANITAS.
As a member of SANITAS you will have access to an exclusive network of over 500 private clinics and 27,000 specialists in medicine.
Our centers have the latest equipment and the most modern treatments, one example is robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery, which reduces risks and provides faster recovery. With no waiting lists, personalised attention and high quality comfort offered, SANITAS clients achieve peace of mind. With SANITAS you get your own room, with an extra bed for companions.
SANITAS works only with health insurances and we are experts in our field. We place particular emphasis on research and development, to be able to offer you the best selection of treatments and therapies. We know that preventive tests, accurate diagnosis and getting the right treatment in time are just as important as high quality hospital care.
Good customer service has always been one of our priorities. According to the annual survey Key Audience Research (KAR), conducted by IPSOS, SANITAS is the highest rated insurance company in Spain in terms of quality of service and customer contact. We are also the only health insurance company on the top list in 2013.
As a SANITAS client, you can be sure of getting the very best, both in terms of service and treatment.
Hours: 9:00 AM – 3:00 PM – After 3:00 PM by appointment.


If you are on a budget, you want to keep your costs down as much as possible. You don't want to pay for calls if you don't need to. Saving money is always a good thing no matter how you end up going about it. One way to save money on your phone calls is to use freephone numbers. In the past, you would have to pay money to call 0800 numbers, but now the laws have changed and you can call them for free. Just see this article to get free number service importance.
You will feel great when you don't have to pay to call 0800 numbers and you can save a lot of money when you do. Saving money feels amazing and that means you have more money to do other things. You don't want to always have to pay for everything when you don't need to. If you can save money, you are ahead of the game.
Now you can make those calls for free, even when you are using your mobile phone. It used to cost money to call these numbers on your mobile phone, but now you can do it for free and save big in the process. https://www.net-telco.net/020-numbers-london/ company offers these phone numbers and now when you see one you can call it for free.
There are lots of reasons to use a free phone number and now you don't have to worry about getting charged if you see one. When you find a 0800 number you don't have to worry about getting charged so enjoy saving money on your calls. No one wants to pay money for phone calls when they don't need to so make sure that you avoid any calls where you have to pay. Saving money feels good and when you use freephone numbers you will save.


text:
HomeExplainerHow old was Betty White in 2021?
How old was Betty White in 2021?
By Joseph Dumolga
Betty White was a famous American actress and comedian who pioneer of early television. Betty had a career that span over seven decades. She was mentioned for her extensive work in the entertainment industry.
Betty White was the first woman to produce a sitcom in the United States before others learned from her.
Betty White was born on January 17, 1922, in Oak Park, Illinois, in the United States. She is the daughter of Tess Curtis White and Horace Logan White. She is also the only child of her parents and did not also give birth despite having several men as her husband.
Sadly, Betty White died on the last day of 2021 on December 31, 2021, in Brentwood, Los Angeles, California, the United States at age 99. She had to celebrate her 100th birthday in a grand style.
Betty White was 99 years in 2021. She passed away on the eve of the new year and a few days to her 100th birthday.
Previous articleJimmy Swaggart house: Where is Jimmy Swaggart's house?
Next articleWho is Julia Fox? Wikipedia, biography, husband, children
Joseph Dumolgahttp://ghanafuo.com/author/josephdumolga
Editor at Ghanafuo.com – Joseph Dumolga is a prolific writer and entertainment enthusiast, who has written many blog articles on music, art, and pop culture. He is a student of the Ghana Institute of Journalism. Joseph Dumolga is well-rounded on global issues but has a passion for music, art, and culture.
Jamie Lynn Spears height: How tall is Jamie Lynn Spears?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


With The Color Purple yor blonde will shine brighter, and your grey will be perfectly silver. This targeted Shampoo eliminates brassiness while strengthening texture and clarifying color. No more mellow yellow hair! Specifically made to modify, balance and brighten color with a unique blend of natural extracts like chamomile and shimmering mica.
Prescribed to everyone in with blonde or grey hair. You'll see the difference after one shampoo.


text:
The Chapel readies its restaurant: The Vestry
By Paolo Lucchesi on September 13, 2013 at 9:49 AM
The bar and dining area. Photo: The Chronicle/Carlos Avila Gonzalez
The next phase of Valencia Street music venue The Chapel is upon us: The concert hall has been rolling along for a bit already, and next week, proprietor Jack Knowles will formally and finally open the complex's restaurant, named The Vestry.
"It's a word not used commonly these days, but basically it's the room next to a chapel or church," says Knowles, who also owns Oakland's A Cote and Rumbo al Sur. They finally decided on the name yesterday. "We take it as a place where the congregation meets, has a good time and does other church matters."
The chef at the restaurant, as reported a while back, will be Matthew Colgan, longtime chef at A Cote. They've drifted a slightly away from their original New Orleans cuisine plans at the restaurant, instead leaning toward a more California-influenced menu of both small and large plates (actually quite similar to what the same team does as at A Cote). There's also a substantial bar area, with Bourbon & Branch vet Darren Crawford is consulting on cocktails.
With over 130 seats total, the restaurant itself is big, and has been meticulously built by Knowles (see more on the design and the detail work of the entire venue in this Sunday's Style Section). 85 of the seats are in the dining room, and as you've surely seen if you passed by, there's a big patio area along the sidewalk. The outdoor area will feature a limited food menu, says Knowles, as well as a patio brunch on the weekends.
As of today, opening is slated for Thursday, September 19.
The Vestry at the Chapel: 777 Valencia Street, near 18th Street, San Francisco. (415) 551-5157 or www.thechapelsf.com


text:
Roger Ridsdill Smith
Senior Partner Head of Structural Engineering MA (Cantab) CEng FIStructE P.E. (NY, CA) S.E. (UT)
Roger joined Foster + Partners in 2011 to set up the Structural Engineering team based on technical excellence with an emphasis on the design of complex or tall structures. He gained his degree in structural engineering from Cambridge University and began his professional career in Paris. He then became a director at Arup London, where he ran a multidisciplinary engineering group. Roger is an Honorary Senior Lecturer at Imperial College and has won the?IABSE?Milne Medal 2017?and the?Royal Academy of Engineering 2010 Silver Medal.
Roger Ridsdill Smith leads Foster + Partners' structural engineering team. He gained his degree in structural engineering from Cambridge University and began his professional career in Paris. In 1994 he joined Ove Arup and Partners, becoming a director of the firm in 2003 and subsequently running a multidisciplinary engineering group in Arup's London office. His experience includes the design and construction of structures around the world, as well as leadership of multidisciplinary design teams on major projects. In 2011, he joined Foster + Partners to establish a structural engineering group, bringing integrated engineering design to all the practice's projects.
The structural engineering team within the practice has been built on the basis of technical excellence, with an emphasis on the design of complex or tall structures. Roger's current projects include the Ocean View Towers in Mumbai, the new MOL Campus Tower in Budapest, and a new airport in Asia.
Recently completed projects include the Maggie's Centre in Manchester, the Samson Pavilion, CWRU and Cleveland Clinic in Ohio, and the new Tocumen Airport in Panama City.
Roger is an Honorary Senior Lecturer at Imperial College in London. He has won the Royal Academy of Engineering 2010 Silver Medal, and the 2017 Milne Medal.
Tocumen International Airport
Narbo Via
Apple Piazza Liberty
Vatican Chapel, Pavilion of the Holy See
Apple Michigan Avenue, Chicago
Apple Union Square, San Francisco
UAE Pavilion Milan Expo 2015
Marseille Vieux Port


text:
Q: NSwag vs Swashbuckle I've read in the documentation that "The two main OpenAPI implementations for .NET are Swashbuckle and NSwag" but I can't find what are the differences between them. How do I choose one?

A: I would like to share information that I have found so far. It doesn't answer my question but might be useful for others. I found a comment from RicoSuter who develops NSwag:

NSwag not only provides the functionality of Swashbuckle (Swagger
generation) but also code generators. This way we can avoid
incompatibilities and offer more features and a more streamlined
toolchain.

But I don't accept this as the answer to my question because it doesn't have enough information to make a conscious decision about which tool to use.
I also found a great blog post that compares tools to generate typescript clients from swagger schema. But it doesn't have information about Swashbuckle because Swashbuckle doesn't generate client code.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: как мне вывести на сервер структуру папок в JSON такой код выводит массив с директориями которые находятся в папке dir
header('Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *');
header('Content-Type: application/json');

$data = scandir('../dir/');
echo json_encode($data);

дерево папок на сервере примерно такое
dir/one/oneChild
dir/two/twoChild
dir/three/threeChild

хотелось бы получит что то типа этого в формате JSON , то-есть всю структуру папок из папки dir
[
  {
    "one": {
      "oneChild": {}
    }
  },
  {
    "two": {
      "twoChild": {}
    }
  },
  {
    "three": {
      "threeChild": {}
    }
  }
 ]

A: Например можно рекурсивно таким образом.
function getDirTree($path)
{
  $result = [];
  $files = scandir($path);

  foreach ($files as $file) {

    if(! in_array($file, ['.','..'])) {

      if(is_dir($path . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $file)) {
        $result[$file] = getDirTree($path . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $file);
      } else {
        $result[] = $file;
      }
    }

  }
  return $result;
}

$data = getDirTree('my-dir');

echo json_encode($data);


A personal tax environment boasting not only an exceptional personal tax client base, but a truly supportive and relaxed atmosphere with an emphasis on flexible working and employee satisfaction.
Having worked with my client for over three years now, I am yet to work with a client offering the same support, career progression and strength of client base. One of the best personal tax teams in East Anglia, my client will allow you to work on an exceptional client base consisting of UHNWI's, trusts, partnerships non-doms and non-resident projects.
The office in Ipswich boasts a modern refreshing feel to it with an established and well lead personal tax team. In this role, you will be working in a mixed compliance and advisory focus with a greater advisory element to develop over time. Asides from the exceptional client base, you will also have the benefit of working from home, flexible hours and an internal mentoring scheme to help progress your career in your chosen path.


Just steps from the Olympic Oval and major shopping destinations in Richmond, the suites at River Park Place are designed to feel like a luxurious oasis in an urban setting. High quality finishes, well-planned kitchens with plenty of storage, and generous spa-like bathrooms are the hallmarks of these suites. The thoughtful layouts are meant to maximize the city and river views, and offer relaxing spaces to call home. Shown are photos of a two bedroom suite.


text:
Rashad Evans vs. Tito Ortiz 2: Betting Preview and Prediction
By Lee McGregor
The wait is over, fans you can stop holding your breath, Tito Ortiz will finally get his rematch against Rashad Evans. What? You weren't all that excited to see a rematch? Well unfortunately that's what we're going to get. After a long, exhausting series of opponent changes Rashad Evans has another opponent for his UFC 133 headlining bout and it is Tito Ortiz.
For fans who have been following the sport for a long time, you would know that these two initially fought to a Unanimous Draw in July of 2007, way back at UFC 73, a full 60 UFC Pay Per Views ago. During the fight, Ortiz was actually deducted a costly point in the second round for grabbing the fence of the cage multiple times while Rashad was trying for a takedown.
Rashad will be returning to the cage for the first time in nearly 18 months. His last fight was a Unanimous Decision victory over his rival Quinton "Rampage" Jackson way back in May 2010. Rashad was then set to challenge Mauricio "Shogun" Rua for the Light Heavyweight title, but a knee injury to Rua scrapped those plans and Rashad decided to wait for his shot. However, when it came time to fight again, the injury bug bit again, this time forcing Rashad out of the bout with a knee injury of his own.
Ortiz will be stepping back into the Octagon with a little over three weeks notice after an impressive showing that saved him his employment with the UFC, against Ryan "Darth" Bader at UFC 132. Initial reports were that Ortiz turned down the fight against Evans, claiming on Twitter "I have a life and things to take care of. The fight game is about making the right choices of my career…." However, after an apparent bout with Lyoto Machida fell by the wayside, Ortiz called back Dana White and asked about the fight. After consulting with his Team Punishment teammates and coaches, Ortiz decided to step in and save the UFC.
It didn't take long for bookmakers to open a line on this fight. In fact, many online sports books had a line for the Rashad Evans vs. Lyoto Machida fight, before it was even official. However, that line has since been pulled and a new one has appeared in its place. Rashad has opened as a very large favorite over the aging Huntington Beach Bad Boy. Rashad opens as a -450 favorite in the fight. A gambler backing Evans would have to wager $450 to win $100. The money line of -450 means the books are giving Evans an 81.81% chance of winning the fight. Conversely, Ortiz is a +300 underdog, meaning Ortiz supporters will win $300 for every $100 wagered. The +300 money line gives Ortiz a 25% chance of winning this fight. Again, because of the inherent "House Advantage" in sports betting, this doesn't add up to 100%.
For those of you who are interested in past fights or nostalgia, when the two first met in July 2007, the betting line closed at -110 Ortiz / +125 Evans. That's right, the man who was favored in the first bout, is now a 3-1 underdog years later. Since that bout in July 2007, Rashad Evans has gone 5-1, including winning the UFC Light Heavyweight Title, while Ortiz has gone 1-3, with the only victory coming on July 2 when he stunned the world, and Ryan Bader with a Submission victory.
I'm admittedly not a very big fan of either of these guys, but I will do my best to be unbiased and give some honest analysis of how I think this fight is going to go down. But first, let's take a look at the two fighters.
Rashad Evans is a 31-year-old fighter from Niagara Falls, New York. Rashad stands 5'11" tall and has fought most of his career in the Light Heavyweight division after a stint on the second season of the Ultimate Fighter, where Rashad won the Heavyweight division of the show. During his run he weighed around 225 pounds, he has become noticeably slimmer and more athletic since his drop to Light Heavyweight. Evans has a 75-inch reach and has begun to put that reach to good use. Originally a wrestler with little stand up abilities, Rashad has developed some strong footwork and tight boxing combinations to compliment his strong wrestling background.
Evans has a very strong career record of 15-1-1. The lone loss came to Lyoto Machida in Evans' first defense of the Light Heavyweight title. Of course the lone draw came against Ortiz in their first meeting. Of Evans' 15 career victories, 5 have come from KO or TKO, 2 from Submissions and 8 via Decision. Despite his relatively low number of stoppage victories, he does have some highlight reel knockouts, including his head kick KO of Sean Salmon or his stunning slugfest knockout of Chuck "The Iceman" Liddell.
Key Strengths: Takedowns, Strong Footwork and Head Movement, Developing Boxing skills
Key Weaknesses: Cardio has been an issue in the past, Questionable chin against big hitters
Last 3 Fights:
WIN over Quinton Jackson via Unanimous Decision 3 Rounds 5:00 at UFC 114 – May 29, 2010
WIN over Thiago Silva via Unanimous Decision 3 Rounds 5:00 at UFC 108 – January 2, 2010
LOSS to Lyoto Machida (Light Heavyweight Championship Bout) via Knockout in Round 2 3:57 at UFC 98 – May 23, 2009
Path to Victory: For Evans I think this one is going to be about controlling the fight. Evans should be the stronger fighter in the cage and will likely be the faster one in the cage. He should look to use his improved boxing to keep Ortiz at bay, and then shoot for takedowns when Ortiz's defense begins to waiver. In the first fight, Evans was able to earn several takedowns, but often looked lost when the fight was standing. He has considerably improved his striking since then, so he should look to show some of it off, before hitting some well-timed takedowns.
Tito Ortiz barring another blow-up with UFC President Dana White, is surely to be a UFC Hall of Famer. He was a pioneer in earning the UFC mainstream fans and success in its early days. Ortiz is now 36 years old and either on the tail end of an impressive and storied career, or on the tip of a career resurgence, depending on who you talk to. The founder of Team Punishment stands 6'2″ and has fought most of his career in the Light Heavyweight division. "The Huntington Beach Bad Boy" is a wrestler with stand up that is decent, but probably below average for most fighters in the division. Ortiz prefers to use takedowns and top control to win his fights, during his prime he was also known to have some of the most vicious ground and pound in the world.
Check out the full Camel Clutch Blog Pro Wrestling and MMA store for videos, t-shirts, books, and more.
Ortiz has a career record of 16-8-1. Prior to his win a few weeks ago over Ryan Bader, Ortiz was winless in nearly 5 years. Of his 16 career victories 8 have come from TKO, 3 via Submission and 5 by way of Decision. Of his 8 career losses 2 have come via TKO or KO (both to Chuck Liddell), 2 from Submission and 4 via Decision. Ortiz has world-class cardio and is very tough to finish, he often relies on his cardio to allow him to set the pace of his fights and wear down his opponents.
Key Strengths: Cardio, Wrestling and Takedowns, Octagon Experience
Key Weaknesses: Sub-par Stand up Skills, On a physical decline after a career in MMA
WIN over Ryan Bader via Submission in Round 1 1:56 (Guillotine Choke) at UFC 132 – July 2, 2011
LOSS to Matt Hamill via Unanimous Decision 3 Rounds 5:00 at UFC 121 – October 23, 2010
LOSS to Forrest Griffin via Split Decision 3 Rounds 5:00 at UFC 106 – November 21, 2009
Path to Victory: For Tito to win this fight, I think he's going to need to go back to his former self. Tito has never had the best stand up in the world, but he does have some power as he showed against Bader. He needs to use big shots to keep Rashad on the defensive and shoot constantly for takedowns. If there is one thing that wrestlers don't like, it's being on their backs. If Ortiz can plant Evans on his back and start raining down some heavy ground and pound, he will be able to win rounds on the scorecards and possibly work towards a stoppage victory.
Fight Prediction: I'm not going to lie, Ortiz made me eat some humble pie at UFC 132. I predicted a pretty one-sided beating by Bader, but Ortiz stunned the world and myself and pulled off the upset and saved his job with the UFC. Now, in the strange machine that is the UFC, another upset win here would put Tito "in the mix" as Dana White likes to call it
However, I think we need to discount Tito's last win a little bit. He did show a good game plan, as that punch that rocked Bader, was clearly something that was worked on for Bader's plodding style. However, the fight was very short and Tito didn't do much other than blast Bader, and then sink in a Guillotine. It's hard to say what would have happened if he got himself into some trouble during the fight.
I think the closest fight to look at is probably Matt Hamill vs. Tito Ortiz from UFC 121. Ortiz was able to come out strong, but looked to wither as the fight moved on and Hamill was able to control the last two rounds to take a Unanimous Decision victory. I think Hamill and Evans are comparable fighters, both are strong wrestlers with improving stand up games. However, I think Rashad probably has a more complete stand up game than Hamill, which means he should be able to control the fight a bit more when the two are standing.
There are two things that should be considered by betters considering backing Rashad Evans. One is cage-rust. By the time this fight happens, it will have been nearly 18 months since Evans last fought. That is an extremely long layoff, and it has hurt fighters in the past. In fact, after Evans defeated Quinton Jackson, one thing that Rampage said was that the year plus layoff hurt him, and he struggled to find his rhythm early in the fight. The second thing is that Evans has had a very public fallout with his former camp, Greg Jackson's MMA. Without the guidance of one of MMA's best coaches and game planners, it will be interesting to see what Evans does inside the cage. Jackson has been responsible for creating the game plans that led to several of Rashad's octagon victories, so you cannot accurately predict how Evans will fight without him in his corner.
What it comes down to for me is stand up ability and physical abilities as well. Despite returning from a long layoff, Evans should be the stronger fighter, and will likely be the better boxer. He should be able to control the range and the pace of the fight by using effective jabs and counter punching. That combined with his excellent wrestling should give him enough tools to earn a judge's decision. Ortiz is extremely hard to finish, so this one will likely go to the scorecards. For Ortiz, I think his hope lies in the third round. Evans has been prone to gassing in the past. In both of his last two victories over Jackson and Thiago Silva, respectively, he won the first two rounds handily with strong boxing and take downs, but faded in the third round and was rocked with punches by both men. He was able to survive, but you have to be worried about that against someone with as good a gas tank as Tito has.
My prediction is that Rashad Evans will take this fight via Unanimous Decision. -450 is a bit too much juice for me though. I think the line is fairly well set, as Evans probably wins this about 80% of the time. So no bet for me, as much as I would like to get some of my money back that Ortiz cost me in his last fight.
Lee McGregor is a fan of all combat sports including both Boxing and Mixed Martial Arts. When not catching fights or watching hockey, he can be found as an Author and Editor at his own website MyManCave.ca
Punishment Tito Ortiz UFC 133 Walkout T-Shirt [Black]
TapouT Rashad Evans Warrior UFC 133 Walkout T-Shirt
Tito Ortiz's autobiography This Is Gonna Hurt: The Life of a Mixed Martial Arts Champion.
UFC 133 Official Program
UFC: Ultimate Royce Gracie DVD
Shop Now at the Official UFC Store
Lee McGregor
Related Items:dana white, Lyoto Machida, MMA Betting, MMA odds, Phil Davis, Rashad Evans, Shogun, Tito Ortiz, UFC 133
The Sham of CM Punk at UFC 203
Ronda Rousey Wants to Be a Part of the WWE Divas Revolution


text:
Theatrical Review: Funny Games
Post author By Jake Moore
No Comments on Theatrical Review: Funny Games
"Fiction is as just as real as reality – because you can see it."
This line, spoken by one of the main characters of Funny Games, Michael Haneke's 2008 remake of his own 1997 film, sums up the message of the film pretty nicely.
I had pretty high expectations walking into the theater. The original was fantastic, and forced me to consider the way I view media, which no film I had ever seen did before. I was thrilled when I sat in the back row, in my favorite seat, with about 8 other people in the theater with me. No screaming children, no one on cell phones. Because of this, I was really able to get into and enjoy the movie.
I'll preface the rest of the review by saying this: This movie is definitely not for everyone. Four of the eight other people in the theater with me walked out within the first 45 minutes of the film. It definitely polarizes its audience.
Funny Games is about a upper middle-class family who are accosted by a pair of Abercrombie and Fitch psychopaths at their summer home and forced to play humiliating "games" in order to stay alive. The opening scene, to most people's surprise, is extremely serene. Ann (Naomi Watts) and George Farber (Tim Roth) are driving with their son George Jr. (Devon Gearhart) to their summer house. They play guessing games with opera CDs, and then, abruptly, John Zorn's song "Bonehead" blasts over the soundtrack, and in red, block-style lettering the title of the film is emblazoned onto the screen.
The film's a scene-for-scene remake of the original, so it's not treading new ground as far as the direction. The sets look exactly as they did in the 1997 version, and everything's essentially the same. Where this film truly shines over the original is the casting. Naomi Watts and Tim Roth play the traumatized parents brilliantly, and the pairing of Michael Pitt and Brady Corbet as the perfectly polite psychopaths Paul and Peter is awesome. Their innocent looks contrast their sociopathic tendencies.
There's a cloud of nihilism that overcasts the entire film. There's nothing wrong with the Farbers. They haven't committed any real crimes, and they have a great familial bond. Paul and Peter chose them because they were next door. There's an interaction that occurs between Paul and George Sr. just after the "games" begin. George asks, "Why?" and Paul replies quickly, "Why not?". This is indicative of the message the film is trying to portray.
Funny Games is putting a mirror to the faces of the viewers, using the tropes of the genre to manipulate our feelings towards the film. Paul's breaking of the fourth wall throughout the movie indicates this more than anything else. When Ann is searching for the family dog, Lucky, playing the 'cold, warm, hot' game with Paul, he looks at the camera and smirks. This fazed me the first time I saw the film, and took me out of the movie for a moment, forcing me to review what I'd watched so far, and more specifically, why I was watching it. What motivated me to come and watch this particular movie?
These are the questions Haneke is evoking when Paul acknowledges the film, saying things to the camera like "You're on their side, aren't you?", making the audience look at who they were really behind. They came to a thriller to see the protagonists go through hell and come out the other side, so in a way, the viewer wants the villain to torture and harass the protagonists. His objective is to show you that by enjoying the film, you're a part of it. The viewer is helping turn violence into entertainment, and Haneke delights in making his audience uncomfortable about watching his film.
My biggest problem with Funny Games is that I've seen it before. The message hasn't changed at all. Although it's still relevant today, it's lost some of its force in the ten years between the films (especially with the success of the Saw series and its stance towards violence). Haneke's retreading old ground here, and the question I kept asking was "Why?" There's no reason, in my eyes, to remake this film. He's said what he wanted to say already.
I enjoyed this movie pretty much from start to finish, but the message has been told before, by Michael himself in the original, as well as Kubrick in A Clockwork Orange. He's not doing anything fresh, and as a fan of his work, I'm a bit disappointed that he isn't putting his energy into new and more interesting projects. This is the only flaw I saw in this film, and were it not a remake, I would give it my full and uncompromising support.


It was drizzling as I came into work this morning… A left over from a storm we just had. By break time though… It was beautiful!
The sun was shining with white, fluffy clouds on such a blue sky! It was amazing!
I feel cheated because Winter is my favorite and we never truly had one here in California, but the sun's warmth was welcome and it felt really good. It was really something to appreciate and be grateful for.


I think most parents would accept that it is important for children to have time to play. In fact, many of us think that it is great for children to have lots of time to play. Things get more complicated when we start to talk about different types of play. When I was a child I spent a lot of time playing outdoors. I climbed trees, mucked around in the backyard, played games of cricket in the street with neighbours and siblings, went exploring in the bush nearby and spent hours playing with friends in the local pool. When indoors I liked to build and to make things. All of these activities were encouraged by my parents and seen as good, healthy forms of play. Flash forward to the lives of my own two children and things look a lot different.
They certainly enjoy a lot of play time. They love our backyard trampoline and the swings in the park. They enjoy going swimming and on walks with family and friends and they love to play at friend's homes. They don't hang out on the street like I did and they don't wander the neighbourhood and local bushland on their own. Not because I have told them not to or even discouraged these activities. They just don't want to. That's not the main difference though. The main difference between their experience of play and my own is that they love to play video games. Building with Lego had a strong run for many years but video games have triumphed. Playing games on a game console or on their laptops is the first choice of play activity for both of my boys. It is what they most love to do.
I am struggling to adjust to this difference. I have come to accept my children's passion for gaming but I have not yet been able to embrace it fully. It is not yet something that I am able to celebrate.
I am still lumbered with a set of beliefs about the value of different forms of play. I still assume that active, independent, non-violent outdoor play is better. There is a hierarchy of play in the back of my mind and video games would have to be close to the bottom of the list. This judgement of gaming is not just in my head. I am bombarded by references to video games as unhealthy, time-wasting, mindless, disturbing, addictive and downright dangerous. I have not been unaffected.
One of my aims in writing this article is to try to change this. I want to celebrate what my children love to play. I want to encourage them to follow their passions and enjoy their childhood play in the same way that I enjoyed mine. I have been reflecting on the value of allowing my children to choose their play activities freely and I have been taking a closer look at the wisdom of their choices. I have been asking myself questions; Why are my children so attracted to video games? What are they learning from them? Is there as much difference as I think between my childhood play and theirs?
1. Mastery: Play is about children making sense of their world and making it their own. They explore, try new experiences and learn about their environment and themselves through discovery and practice. Through play children get to develop skills and competence in both their external and internal environment. The confidence they gain through mastery in play can then be translated into other areas of their lives as they mature. Experiencing competence and mastery is its own reward. It is the basis for a healthy self-esteem that will serve a person well in every area of their lives.
Children, in all their wonderful diversity, choose to master different aspects of their environment. To build competence and confidence they naturally tend to play to thier strengths. There are so many skills for children to learn. There is language, physical and social skills. There are adult roles to master, feelings to communicate and thinking skills to develop. We learn these skills best in a context that engages us, excites our curiosity and that we find enjoyable.
In his book Free to Learn the psychologist and author Peter Grey explores the nature of play and it's purpose in depth. Play has a vital role to play in education. Humans have an instinctive drive to acquire and build upon the the culture into which they were born and play is one of the main ways that we do this. Grey suggests that children are naturally motivated to play at the skills that lie at the culture's leading edge – skills that will be of increasing importance in the future.
There can be no doubt that in choosing to play video games that children are choosing to master leading-edge technology. They want to explore it and discover its capabilities and potential. They do this with such enthusiasm that they soon leave their parents behind in some aspects of technology use. Through gaming they are choosing to master hardware, software, internet use and in-game technology such as voice, text and video communication; technology that has become essential to the functioning of modern society.
There can also be no doubt that many games assist children to learn language skills, problem-solving, negotiation, logical and abstract thinking, planning and strategy, maths, design and constructions skills and to develop co-ordination and reflexes. They develop social skills through co-operative play and multiplayer game. They enact roles, try out personalities and explore relationships. They can practice making friends and joining with others in joint enterprises. There is so much variety in gaming these days that there is play that will appeal to almost every child. Of course, the mastery of skills does not stop with the games themselves. Through gaming children are connected to the world around them in countless ways. They master research skills as they search on the internet and in books for solutions to in-game problems, they make links beween game content and real life and discover new subjects to explore and learn about. They acquire knowledge and learn how to learn more.
Some children are drawn to dealing with frightening and challenging situations in a virtual context. They can act out the desire to control and conquer others and to survive in what they perceive as a competitive and dangerous environment. They can play at fighting without anyone getting hurt. They can go on quests to rescue those in need of help. They can meet their worst fears and move through and beyond them.
Shy children and those that find it difficult to connect with others in large groups or more conventional play settings can use gaming as a way to find and build friendships that may be out of their reach otherwise. The beauty of internet-based gaming technology is that children can now make friends on the other side of the world as well as in their own neighbourhood. They can search out people who share their particular interests, talents and ways of relating no matter how particular those may be.
Children, including my own, often like their parents to join in their games. This was a lot easier for me when they were building Lego and jumping on the trampoline! Their skill in playing video games has been impossible for me to keep up with. I have made some effort though, and those efforts are appreciated. At least we all got to have a good laugh as I was blown up by yet another creeper in Minecraft or crashed my car and burst into in flames in one of the racing games. When I make an effort to connect with them in their world and on their terms it brings us so much closer together.
3. To recover from emotional distress: Children use play to release physical or psychological tension. Play is a great way to release pent-up negative energy and to feel better. A child can express feelings that they can't or don't want to talk about. Beating a virtual enemy in a video game battle allows you to feel powerful and more in control.
I have also observed the way that children use video games to become familiar with difficult feelings and to learn how to deal with them. They get to play around and through feelings of frustration, anger, fear, disappointment and loss. They can work through the feelings that they find most challenging by choosing play that inevitably brings those emotions to the surface. A child who stuggles with emotional regulation and explosions of strong emotion can practice being with these feelings in the relatively safe environment of virtual challenges, fights, losses and mistakes. Using play to feel better is linked to developing feelings of competence; it feels good to be skillful and doing something that you do well.
In his wonderful book Playful Parenting Lawrence J. Cohen explores the role of play in emotional healing. He also describes how adults can help children when they get stuck in unhappy play that is isolated, sullen, overly destructive or aggressive. This type of play can be a clear signal that a child needs more connection and some adult help to recover from their emotional distress. Joining a child in their play, being silly and playing the fool, allowing your child to beat you in the game and sharing ideas to help them out of a rut are all ways that adults can help in this type of situation.
4. Build and Create: Play is an opportunity to practice creating. As Peter Grey states, "While curiosity motivates children to seek new knowledge and understanding, playfulness motivates them to practice new skills and use those skills creatively." Gaming is an exceptional environment for children to practice building and creating. Anybody who has encountered Minecraft can attest to that. I have seen my children build towns, architectural wonders, electrical circuits, machines, factories and farms using Minecraft. They have created characters, narratives and economic systems. I have also seen them build and manage futuristic cities and societies, design rockets, planes and landscapes and create art and music using other games on their computers.
5. Fun: Well, it is rather obvious really! Play is important because it is fun. Playing and having fun can be also be when children are at their most creative, imaginative and insightful. Gaming provides endless opportunities for fun, creative play. Part of the fun of gaming is also in the challenge. If the game is not at the right level of difficulty it will not be fun. Most video games are designed carefully with this in mind and take a player through ever-more difficult levels as they build up their skills. As Peter Grey says "Children play at the ever-advancing edges of their mental and physical abilities." They persevere and develop their abilities becasue the game is fun.
Gaming makes learning fun and the game is fun because the child is learning.
6. Self-determination and exploration: Last, but certainly not least, play is an expression of freedom. It meets a basic human need. It is about doing what you want to do rather than what someone else thinks you should do. Playing what they want to play is one of the ways that children explore and discover who they are and the unique gifts that they bring to the world. This is one of the main reasons that I let my children follow their interest in playing video games; choosing their own play allows them to exercise their autonomy. They have left me in no doubt as to how important this for them. It feels good to trust my children in this and it has certainly helped to build a strong and peaceful relationship beween us.
Play is an activity conducted for its own sake rather than to achieve serious "real world" goals. Because of this it is a great opportunity to explore and to take risks. Children get to test things out and to express themselves in ways that they could never do in real life or have not yet been brave enough to try. Video games provide opportunities to explore in ways that have never before been available to children. On a physical level they can play and explore internationally rather than just with the children in the neighbourhood. They can also play deeply on a moral and spiritual level and at a younger age than perhaps ever before. They can immerse themselves in complex narratives and characters, undertake heroic quests, interact with vast, fantasy environments and explore life's purpose and their own identity. They can explore themselves and their own inner world. The potential of this technology is mind-boggling. The breadth and depth of the games that are available is awe-inspiring. There is a Universe of play at our children's fingertips which mirrors the Universe within each of us.
Which brings me to the topic that can't be ignored; that with any form of play there will be risks. If your children play soccer they run the risk of injury or of being yelled by the coach. If your children play with other children in the park they can get hit, pushed or catch the latest illness that is going around. Children fall of bikes and trampolines all the time. It is the same with playing video games; there are risks. Some children get isolated in their play and loose connection with family and friends. Children can get so absorbed in the flow of their play that they neglect food, exercise and other activities. They can get frustrated, aggressive and have tantrums when a game is too hard, is challenging in its content or the technology breaks down. They run the risk of being exposed to frightening or disturbing images and can encounter people online with unsavoury agendas.
These risks are not a reasons for me to be fearful of my children playing video games or for me to restrict their play. They are very good reasons for me to stay closely connected with my children and to take an interest in what they are playing. We openly discuss any concerns that I have or problems that they encounter. We find solutions together that we are all happy with or can at least accept. I don't need to be intrusive about my interest. My children love it when I show an interest in their games and are delighted to let me in to their world, provided that I come with an open mind and a willingness to understand and accept their interests. If I approach their play with judgement and a desire to control them, they close down the communication and shut me out. This is when the risks are highest. The more involved and supportive I am, the safer the play.
Perhaps my children's play is not so different to my childhood activities as I once thought. The technology is different and they spend more time indoors than I did. But the purposes of their play are the same. They are learning, exploring and having fun, just as I did as a child. And they still enjoy playing in the local pool, mucking about outdoors with friends and kicking a ball in the park. I can relax and celebrate the wisdom of All their play.
This is brilliant Freya! I enjoyed reading this a lot.
🙂 Don't I know the feeling. I just posted a 6 part series, I think you will appreciate what we did! Thnx for your post, I enjoyed!
Thanks all for you comments. I will certainly have alook at your series Playologist Mum.


Satam al Suqami was one of the so-called "muscle hijackers" of American Airlines Flight 11, flown into the World Trade Center's north tower as the first of the four 9/11 plane hijackings.National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States, Thomas H. Kean, and Lee Hamilton. 2004. The 9/11 Commission report: final report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States. (Washington, D.C.): 231; 437, http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/911/report/911Report.pdf. As a muscle hijacker, Suqami helped to storm the cockpit and keep passengers under controlNational Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States, Thomas H. Kean, and Lee Hamilton. 2004. The 9/11 Commission report: final report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States. (Washington, D.C.): 227, http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/911/report/911Report.pdf. so that the hijacker-pilot, Mohamed Atta, could take control of the plane. The flight's hijackers used pepper spray and the threat of a bomb to carry out the hijacking, during which they stabbed at least two unarmed flight attendants and one passenger.National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States, Thomas H. Kean, and Lee Hamilton. 2004. The 9/11 Commission report: final report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States. (Washington, D.C.): 5, http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/911/report/911Report.pdf.
Suqami was born in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Little is known about his early life, but he reportedly worked as a security guard for a hospital in Ta'if, had very little education, and may have had problems with drinking and drugs.National Security Archive, "The Plot and the Plotters," Central Intelligence Agency Intelligence Report, June 1, 2003, 26, https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/368989/2003-06-01-11-september-the-plot-and-the.pdf. According to Saudi authorities, Suqami had a minor criminal offense record.National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States, Thomas H. Kean, and Lee Hamilton. 2004. The 9/11 Commission report: final report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States. (Washington, D.C.): 524, http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/911/report/911Report.pdf. He was not known to be particularly religious.National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States, Thomas H. Kean, and Lee Hamilton. 2004. The 9/11 Commission report: final report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States. (Washington, D.C.): 232, http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/911/report/911Report.pdf.
The 9/11 Commission reports that most of the Saudi muscle hijackers had developed their ties to extremism within Saudi Arabia, often at local mosques. Many began to break with their families in 1999 or 2000 and traveled to Afghanistan, where they volunteered to be suicide attackers after hearing Osama bin Laden's speeches.National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States, Thomas H. Kean, and Lee Hamilton. 2004. The 9/11 Commission report: final report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States. (Washington, D.C.): 232-33, http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/911/report/911Report.pdf. Suqami reportedly traveled to Afghanistan in 1999 with fellow muscle hijacker Majed Moqed.National Security Archive, "The Plot and the Plotters," Central Intelligence Agency Intelligence Report, June 1, 2003, 36, https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/368989/2003-06-01-11-september-the-plot-and-the.pdf. Suqami and Moqed reportedly met 9/11 architect Khalid Sheikh Mohammed (KSM) when he was working in security at the airport in Kandahar, Afghanistan.National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States, Thomas H. Kean, and Lee Hamilton. 2004. The 9/11 Commission report: final report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States. (Washington, D.C.): 233-34, http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/911/report/911Report.pdf. Suqami and Moqed underwent basic training in weaponry at Khaldan, an al-Qaeda training camp near Kabul. All of the hijackers volunteered for suicide missions.National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States, Thomas H. Kean, and Lee Hamilton. 2004. The 9/11 Commission report: final report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States. (Washington, D.C.): 234, http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/911/report/911Report.pdf.
Suqami's passport, which was issued in 1998,Federal Bureau of Investigation, "9/11 Chronology Part 01 of 02," accessed July 7, 2017, 29, https://vault.fbi.gov/9-11%20Commission%20Report/9-11-chronology-part-01-of-02/. was reportedly "recovered on the street near World Trade Center by a civilian…soaked in jet fuel" on September 11, 2001, according to the FBI.Federal Bureau of Investigation, "9/11 Chronology Part 02 of 02," accessed July 7, 2017, 291, https://vault.fbi.gov/9-11%20Commission%20Report/9-11-chronology-part-02-of-02/. According to his passport stamps, Suqami had traveled to the United Arab Emirates, Egypt, Malaysia, Turkey, Qatar, and Oman in 2000 and 2001.Federal Bureau of Investigation, "9/11 Chronology Part 01 of 02," accessed July 7, 2017, 59, 60, 75, 76, 91, 100, 104, 131, 134, 136, https://vault.fbi.gov/9-11%20Commission%20Report/9-11-chronology-part-01-of-02/. However, there is reason to doubt that he actually traveled to these countries, as 9/11 Commission reports that Suqami's passport was found to have been doctored by al-Qaeda.National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States, Thomas H. Kean, and Lee Hamilton. 2004. The 9/11 Commission report: final report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States. (Washington, D.C.): 525, http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/911/report/911Report.pdf. The FBI also reports that Malaysian entry stamps, in particular, were used to "disguise travel to and from Afghanistan."Federal Bureau of Investigation, "9/11 Chronology Part 01 of 02," accessed July 7, 2017, 141, https://vault.fbi.gov/9-11%20Commission%20Report/9-11-chronology-part-01-of-02/.
After completing his basic training sometime in 2000,National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States, Thomas H. Kean, and Lee Hamilton. 2004. The 9/11 Commission report: final report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States. (Washington, D.C.): 234-5, http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/911/report/911Report.pdf. Suqami returned to Saudi Arabia, where he received a U.S. visa in Riyadh on November 21, 2000.National Security Archive, "The Plot and the Plotters," Central Intelligence Agency Intelligence Report, June 1, 2003, 43, https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/368989/2003-06-01-11-september-the-plot-and-the.pdf. Also in late November, Suqami and Moqed flew into Iran from Bahrain, possibly en route to Afghanistan, as some of the muscle hijackers were reported to have flown through Iran because Iran did not stamp Saudi passports.National Security Archive, "The Plot and the Plotters," Central Intelligence Agency Intelligence Report, June 1, 2003, 240-1, https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/368989/2003-06-01-11-september-the-plot-and-the.pdf. According to the 9/11 Commission Report, the so-called "muscle hijackers" returned to Afghanistan for special training in late 2000 or early 2001, where they learned to conduct hijackings.National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States, Thomas H. Kean, and Lee Hamilton. 2004. The 9/11 Commission report: final report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States. (Washington, D.C.): 235-6, http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/911/report/911Report.pdf. All of the muscle hijackers were personally chosen by bin Laden during this time, after which they committed to carrying out a suicide operation and filmed a so-called "martyrdom video."National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States, Thomas H. Kean, and Lee Hamilton. 2004. The 9/11 Commission report: final report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States. (Washington, D.C.): 235, http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/911/report/911Report.pdf.
Satam al Suqami was part of the first pair of muscle hijackers to arrive in the United States. He flew from the Dubai to Florida via London with fellow Flight 11 muscle hijacker Waleed al Shehri, arriving in Orlando on April 23, 2001.National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States, Thomas H. Kean, and Lee Hamilton. 2004. The 9/11 Commission report: final report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States. (Washington, D.C.): 527, http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/911/report/911Report.pdf. They moved into a motel in Hollywood, Florida, on April 30,National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States, Thomas H. Kean, and Lee Hamilton. 2004. The 9/11 Commission report: final report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States. (Washington, D.C.): 528, http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/911/report/911Report.pdf. staying in various motels and apartment complexes in southern Florida in the subsequent months.Federal Bureau of Investigation, "9/11 Chronology Part 01 of 02," accessed July 7, 2017, 54, 87, https://vault.fbi.gov/9-11%20Commission%20Report/9-11-chronology-part-01-of-02/. On May 19, 2001, Suqami and Shehri traveled from Fort Lauderdale to Freeport, the Bahamas, but returned the same day after they were turned away by Bahamian officials for not having passports.Federal Bureau of Investigation, "9/11 Chronology Part 01 of 02," accessed July 7, 2017, 143, https://vault.fbi.gov/9-11%20Commission%20Report/9-11-chronology-part-01-of-02/. The most likely purpose of the trip, according to the 9/11 Commission, was to renew Suqami's immigration status, as his legal stay in the United States ended on May 21.National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States, Thomas H. Kean, and Lee Hamilton. 2004. The 9/11 Commission report: final report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States. (Washington, D.C.): 241-2, http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/911/report/911Report.pdf. Suqami was the only hijacker not to receive a U.S. identification document.National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States, Thomas H. Kean, and Lee Hamilton. 2004. The 9/11 Commission report: final report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States. (Washington, D.C.): 527, http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/911/report/911Report.pdf. Records show that he opened a bank account,Federal Bureau of Investigation, "9/11 Chronology Part 01 of 02," accessed July 7, 2017, 140, https://vault.fbi.gov/9-11%20Commission%20Report/9-11-chronology-part-01-of-02/. purchased a car and auto insurance,Federal Bureau of Investigation, "9/11 Chronology Part 02 of 02," accessed July 7, 2017, 158, https://vault.fbi.gov/9-11%20Commission%20Report/9-11-chronology-part-02-of-02/. and even joined a gym.Federal Bureau of Investigation, "9/11 Chronology Part 02 of 02," accessed July 7, 2017, 156, https://vault.fbi.gov/9-11%20Commission%20Report/9-11-chronology-part-02-of-02/. He also took a trip on July 10 from Ft. Lauderdale to Orlando, where he stayed with an unidentified male for two nights.National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States, Thomas H. Kean, and Lee Hamilton. 2004. The 9/11 Commission report: final report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States. (Washington, D.C.): 529, http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/911/report/911Report.pdf.
On August 28, Waleed al Shehri purchased tickets for American Airlines Flight 11, bound from Boston to Los Angeles, for himself and Suqami.Federal Bureau of Investigation, "9/11 Chronology Part 02 of 02," accessed July 7, 2017, 241, https://vault.fbi.gov/9-11%20Commission%20Report/9-11-chronology-part-02-of-02/. On September 6, Suqami traveled from Ft. Lauderdale to Boston with fellow Flight 11 hijacker Abdul Aziz al Omari, staying in Boston until the morning of September 11.Federal Bureau of Investigation, "9/11 Chronology Part 02 of 02," accessed July 7, 2017, 258, https://vault.fbi.gov/9-11%20Commission%20Report/9-11-chronology-part-02-of-02/.
On the morning of September 11, 2001, all five hijackers of American Airlines Flight 11 checked in at Boston Logan International Airport between 6:45 and 7:40 a.m. Suqami and two of the other hijackers were selected by a computerized prescreening system at Boston Logan, but were able to clear the security checkpoint and board the flight without issue. American Airlines Flight 11 departed at 7:59 a.m.,National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States, Thomas H. Kean, and Lee Hamilton. 2004. The 9/11 Commission report: final report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States. (Washington, D.C.): 4, http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/911/report/911Report.pdf. scheduled to fly with nonstop service from Boston to Los Angeles. Suqami sat in seat 10B in business class.National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States, Thomas H. Kean, and Lee Hamilton. 2004. The 9/11 Commission report: final report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States. (Washington, D.C.): 2, http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/911/report/911Report.pdf.
The hijacking on American Airlines Flight 11 is believed to have begun around 8:14 a.m.National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States, Thomas H. Kean, and Lee Hamilton. 2004. The 9/11 Commission report: final report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States. (Washington, D.C.): 4, http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/911/report/911Report.pdf. Based on reports from two flight attendants, it began when two hijackers stabbed the two unarmed flight attendants preparing for cabin service. A passenger named Dnaiel Lewin, who had served as an officer in the Israeli military, was also stabbed––most likely by Suqami, given his seat location directly behind Lewin. The flight's hijackers claimed that they had a bomb, and sprayed pepper spray in the first-class cabin so that the hijacker-pilot, Atta, could enter the cockpit and gain control of the aircraft.National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States, Thomas H. Kean, and Lee Hamilton. 2004. The 9/11 Commission report: final report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States. (Washington, D.C.): 5, http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/911/report/911Report.pdf.
At 8:46 a.m. American Airlines Flight 11 crashed into the north tower of the World Trade Center, killing everyone on board and an unknown number of people in the tower.National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States, Thomas H. Kean, and Lee Hamilton. 2004. The 9/11 Commission report: final report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States. (Washington, D.C.): 6-7, http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/911/report/911Report.pdf. The 9/11 attacks—including attacks on the World Trade Center, the Pentagon, and the thwarted attack headed for the White House or Capitol—left nearly 3,000 people dead in the single deadliest attack in U.S. history.National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States, Thomas H. Kean, and Lee Hamilton. 2004. The 9/11 Commission report: final report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States. (Washington, D.C.): 7, http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/911/report/911Report.pdf.
Sat AlSuqamiUnited States District Court Eastern District of Virginia, "Hijacker True Name Usage Chart for 2001," accessed July 7, 2017, 18, http://www.vaed.uscourts.gov/notablecases/moussaoui/exhibits/prosecution/OG00013.pdf.
Satam Al SaqamiUnited States District Court Eastern District of Virginia, "Hijacker True Name Usage Chart for 2001," accessed July 7, 2017, 1, http://www.vaed.uscourts.gov/notablecases/moussaoui/exhibits/prosecution/OG00013.pdf.
Satam al-SuqamiNational Security Archive, "The Plot and the Plotters," Central Intelligence Agency Intelligence Report, June 1, 2003, 8, https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/368989/2003-06-01-11-september-the-plot-and-the.pdf.
Satam AlSuqamiUnited States District Court Eastern District of Virginia, "Hijacker True Name Usage Chart for 2001," accessed July 7, 2017, 7, http://www.vaed.uscourts.gov/notablecases/moussaoui/exhibits/prosecution/OG00013.pdf.
Satam M A Al SuqamiUnited States District Court Eastern District of Virginia, "Hijacker True Name Usage Chart for 2001," accessed July 7, 2017, 18, http://www.vaed.uscourts.gov/notablecases/moussaoui/exhibits/prosecution/OG00013.pdf.
Satam M. Al SuqamiUnited States District Court Eastern District of Virginia, "Hijacker True Name Usage Chart for 2001," accessed July 7, 2017, 28, http://www.vaed.uscourts.gov/notablecases/moussaoui/exhibits/prosecution/OG00013.pdf.
Satam MA Al SuqamiUnited States District Court Eastern District of Virginia, "Hijacker True Name Usage Chart for 2001," accessed July 7, 2017, 2, http://www.vaed.uscourts.gov/notablecases/moussaoui/exhibits/prosecution/OG00013.pdf.
Satamma AlSuqamiUnited States District Court Eastern District of Virginia, "Hijacker True Name Usage Chart for 2001," accessed July 7, 2017, 19, http://www.vaed.uscourts.gov/notablecases/moussaoui/exhibits/prosecution/OG00013.pdf.
Sattam AlsuqamiUnited States District Court Eastern District of Virginia, "Hijacker True Name Usage Chart for 2001," accessed July 7, 2017, 24, http://www.vaed.uscourts.gov/notablecases/moussaoui/exhibits/prosecution/OG00013.pdf.
Suqami SatammaalUnited States District Court Eastern District of Virginia, "Hijacker True Name Usage Chart for 2001," accessed July 7, 2017, 18, http://www.vaed.uscourts.gov/notablecases/moussaoui/exhibits/prosecution/OG00013.pdf.
Uthman al-SuqamiNational Security Archive, "The Plot and the Plotters," Central Intelligence Agency Intelligence Report, June 1, 2003, 8, https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/368989/2003-06-01-11-september-the-plot-and-the.pdf.
Uthman bin Muhmmad 'Abd al-Rahman al-SuqamiNational Security Archive, "The Plot and the Plotters," Central Intelligence Agency Intelligence Report, June 1, 2003, 36, https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/368989/2003-06-01-11-september-the-plot-and-the.pdf.


text:
LG C1 vs LG G1: which is the best 2021 LG OLED TV?
By What Hi-Fi? published 7 May 21
Should you pay extra for the OLED Evo-powered G1?
(Image credit: Future / Modern Love, Amazon Prime Video)
LG makes some of the best TVs we've tested. Two of its star performers? The new C1 and G1. These 2021 OLED televisions offer exceptional picture quality and stellar smart tech – but which model is better? What's are the differences between the LG C1 and G1? And, ultimately, which one should you buy?
If those questions are currently whirling around in your brain, you've come to the right place. We've reviewed both the LG C1 and LG G1 (both at 65 inches) so we're well placed to give you an honest view of each TV's pros and cons. The detailed LG C1 vs LG G1 comparison is below, but here's a quick primer…
The 2021 C1 is the latest in the much-loved C-class line of OLEDs. These models sit at the core of LG's OLED range and are traditionally the most affordable TVs to give you the best of LG's panel and picture-processing tech.
This year, though, things are different: the 2021 G1 boasts LG's new 'OLED Evo' panel, which promises a step up in picture quality over every previous LG OLED as well as the new C1. It also comes in a unique 'Gallery' design that's specifically designed for wall-mounting.
Ready for a deep dive? Join us as we weigh up each set's design, picture quality, audio performance, connectivity, apps and controls to see which TV is best – is it the LG C1 or the LG G1?
LG C1 vs LG G1: price
The LG C1 is available in 48-inch, 55-inch, 65-inch, 77-inch and 83-inch sizes. Prices start at £1499 ($1499) for the 48-inch version (note that official pricing for Australia is TBC at the time of writing):
LG OLED48C1: £1499 ($1499, around AU$2800)
LG OLED83C1: £TBC ($6000, around AU$8000)
The LG G1 OLED is a bit pricier. It's available in only three sizes – 55-inch, 65-inch and 77-inch – and starts at £1999:
LG OLED55G1: £1999 ($2199, around AU$3600)
Looking for a discount? As both models are part of the LG 2021 TV line-up, we expect prices to remain firm for a while yet. That said, shop around and you might bag a discount of some sort. There are also Amazon Prime Day TV deals on the horizon.
Even when these sets do get discounted, we'd expect the C1 to remain the more affordable of the two models. And bear in mind that G1 buyers who aren't wall-mounting will also need to budget extra for feet or a pedestal stand...
*Winner* LG C1
Today's best 65-inch LG C1 and G1 deals
LG OLED65G1
LG C1 vs LG G1: design and build
The C1 looks almost identical to last year's LG CX OLED, which is no bad thing. Viewed from the side, it has a thin panel section (about 3mm) and a thicker section that houses the connections and speakers, giving the C1 an overall depth of 4.7cm. It comes with an elegant pedestal stand but it does sit quite low to the surface on which it's placed, which could be an issue for those who want to add a soundbar.
The G1 doesn't have a super-thin panel section, but it is much slimmer overall. It's just 2cm thick and has a flat back, giving the whole TV the look of a large picture frame. This is because it's designed to be wall-mounted, to the extent that you get a flush wall-mount in the box, rather than a pedestal stand or feet. LG will sell you some bespoke feet, but they're expensive (£99, $100) and give the TV a stance that will be too wide for some furniture. Those who don't want to wall mount might be better off buying a third-party pedestal that attaches to standard VESA mounting points.
Alternatively, there's also a new optional LG Gallery Stand (pictured above), which is designed to be used with the 55-inch and 65-inch G1 (although the C1 can also actually be mounted to it). Something to consider if you like the modernist look, but it will stop you positioning your TV close to the wall.
Put simply, if you want a stunning picture frame-like effect, you might want to splash out extra on the G1. If you don't, or aren't keen on shelling out for an optional stand, the cheaper C1 might suit you to a T (or rather 'C'). Which is best is really down to your individual taste and circumstances.
*Winner* Draw
LG C1 vs LG G1: features
Both these sets are a joy to use, thanks in no small part to LG's impressive, app-packed webOS 6.0 smart TV platform.
The C1 and G1 support Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, Disney+ and Apple TV, all with full support for 4K, Dolby Vision HDR and Dolby Atmos sound. There's also Google Play Movies & TV (for now) with HDR10 and 5.1, as well as Sky's Now service in the UK. UK buyers will also be pleased to find a full complement of TV catch-up apps including BBC iPlayer, ITV Hub, All 4 and My5. Disappointments? BT Sport, Apple Music and TuneIn are missing.
When it comes to raw power, the LG C1 vs LG G1 battle is even-stevens. They share the same specifications, including LG's latest Alpha 9 Gen 4 processor, which LG says uses deep learning to detect and enhance individual objects, ensuring they are properly distinguished on screen.
Both sets have support for Apple AirPlay 2 for streaming from Apple devices, as well as Bluetooth connectivity. You get built-in support for Google and Alexa voice assistants, too. Round the back, both models pack in four HDMIs (one of which supports eARC) and three USBs, in addition to ethernet, optical and headphone ports.
If you're on the hunt for the best gaming TV, you'll be pleased to hear that all of the HDMI ports on both the C1 and G1 are HDMI 2.1-certified. They're all 40gbps ports with full support for 4K@120Hz, ALLM and all current formats of VRR. Both TVs have an HGIG setting that generally results in more accurate contrast with HDR games, and there's even a dedicated Game Optimiser menu that puts all of these options and more at your fingertips when you're playing.
Both TVs also come with the new version of LG's Magic Remote. It's slightly thinner than its predecessor and the buttons are nicely spaced. There are plenty of shortcuts to take you to your favourite streaming services, and the pointer functionality of the previous version Magic Remote remains.
The one crucial difference in the feature set is that the C1 has a standard OLED panel, whereas the G1 gets the next-generation 'OLED Evo' panel, which promises a brighter, sharper and more detailed performance.
*Winner* LG G1
LG C1 vs LG G1: picture quality
(Image credit: Future / Coming To America 2, Amazon Prime)
With so much emphasis on the G1 and its new panel, it's probably not a huge surprise that the C1's performance is very similar to that of last year's CX. There have been a couple of nips and tucks, most notably to the motion processing (the new Cinematic Movement option is very good) and de-contouring (banding is noticeably reduced), but by and large this is the same exemplary performance as before.
It's an effortlessly natural and convincing picture that combines punch with subtlety, pure whites and perfect blacks, fine detail and crisply defined edges. There's nothing to complain about where the C1's picture is concerned.
That said, the G1 is an undeniable upgrade. The OLED Evo panel delivers the promised extra brightness, sharpness and detail, and the result is a punchier, crisper and more three-dimensional image. We're not talking huge margins here by any means, but collectively these enhancements make the delivery more enticing and exciting, pretty much across all sources and content types.
Crucially, there's no downside to the G1's delivery. This is simply the picture performance we know and love with a little extra sparkle.
LG C1 vs LG G1: sound quality
(Image credit: Future / Them, Amazon Prime)
The C1 gets the same speaker set-up as the 2020 LG CX OLED, albeit with new processing technology. The result is a cleaner and more composed delivery. The sound is more open and spacious, too, giving everything a more cinematic feel, particularly when Dolby Atmos is enabled.
The C1's sound is less punchy and dynamic than that of its predecessor, though, and that makes it a little less exciting.
Sadly, the G1 is actually less exciting than the C1, to the extent that it could even be described as dull. It's clean and clear, which will be a sonic priority for many buyers, and has similar spaciousness to to the C1, but the lack of impact and dynamism is rather disappointing.
Ultimately, we'd suggest you budget for a separate Dolby Atmos soundbar or surround sound system to accompany your new TV – just as we do with the vast majority of the TVs we review. If you're determined to stick with your new TV's built-in speakers, though, the C1 is the better of these two LGs.
LG C1 vs LG G1: verdict
Assuming picture quality is your highest priority, the LG G1 is undeniably better than the C1, in that it takes the same core picture quality and adds extra punch, detail and definition. It's a great picture made even better.
However, we rate products on a performance-per-pound basis (otherwise the more expensive products would almost always win) and while the G1's picture is clearly better than that of the C1, it's not by a huge margin. Add in the niche design and weaker sound, and it's a little hard to justify the higher price that the G1 commands.
For those who were always going to wall mount and use a separate sound system – and who have deep pockets – the G1 will be more or less perfect. For most people, though, the LG C1 will be the better buy.
*Overall winner* LG C1
Today's best LG OLED65C1 and LG OLED65G1 deals
Save big with this week's best 4K TV deals
Our pick of the best OLED TVs
Which 2021 LG TV should you buy?
What Hi-Fi?, founded in 1976, is the world's leading independent guide to buying and owning hi-fi and home entertainment products. Our comprehensive tests help you buy the very best for your money, with our advice sections giving you step-by-step information on how to get even more from your music and movies. Everything is tested by our dedicated team of in-house reviewers in our custom-built test rooms in London and Bath. Our coveted five-star rating and Awards are recognised all over the world as the ultimate seal of approval, so you can buy with absolute confidence.
Read more about how we test
PMC Fact Fenestria review
Best TV 2022: the best 4K Ultra HD TVs you can buy right now
Best HDR TVs 2022: the ultimate high dynamic range TVs
Best cheap TVs 2022: cheap smart and 4K TVs


Jon Marthaler bakes up a batch of delicious links just for you. Other times, you can find him here and here. Jon?
*We begin this week with the great Spencer Hall, who took to the park to play a bit of Aussie Rules Football in Atlanta. With no photographer available, you'll have to depend on Hall's renditions of the game, which I think are probably even better than photos would have been. Also, I understand that a Aussie Rules club also exists here in the Twin Cities, so if you live in the area and enjoy running for two hours while a muscular Aussie punches and kicks you, your next move is clear.
*You're not going to believe this (you philistines), but the NHL has just signed the most lucrative television deal in league history, a ten-year, $2 billion deal. The biggest news here is that every game of the playoffs will be nationally televised, unlike the current arrangement that shows about half of the games (at least in the first round). This means they'll need more announcers, and I can only hope, as I always do, that they'll spend the money and get Gary Thorne back where he belongs, calling playoff hockey.
*The Vikes Geek would much rather have a new Vikings left tackle than a new Vikings quarterback. Having seen Bryant McKinnie play on a regular basis, I'm inclined to agree.
*Twins links this week: Parker Hageman breaks down Jason Kubel's adjustments at the plate, while Aaron Gleeman says the 19th greatest Twin of all time is somebody I'd honestly never heard of.
Monday (Twins making plays at the plate a confusing adventure) edition: Wha' Happened?


text:
♻ How do photovoltaic cells produce electricity from sunlight?
How do photovoltaic cells produce electricity from sunlight?
Asked By: Hal Williamson
Date created: Mon, Jun 28, 2021 8:43 PM
Date updated: Sat, Jan 15, 2022 3:00 AM
Categories: Solar energy , Advantages of solar energy , Solar energy diagram , Easy solar energy diagram
Video answer: How photovoltaic solar cells work
Top best answers to the question «How do photovoltaic cells produce electricity from sunlight»
FAQ. Those who are looking for an answer to the question «How do photovoltaic cells produce electricity from sunlight?» often ask the following questions
Video answer: How photovoltaic solar panels work - pvpower.com
Answered by Kitty Jerde on Tue, Jun 29, 2021 2:50 AM
A photovoltaic cell is made of semiconductor materials that absorb the photons emitted by the sun and generate a flow of electrons… When the photons strike a semiconductor material like silicon. Silicon is a semi-conducting material. , they release the electrons from its atoms, leaving behind a vacant space.
Those who are looking for an answer to the question «How do photovoltaic cells produce electricity from sunlight?» often ask the following questions:
♻ How photovoltaic cells produce electricity?
Solar panels convert the energy of photons (light particles) into electricity (as we discuss in The Beginner's Guide to Solar Energy). This process is called the photovoltaic effect. When a photon hits a photovoltaic (PV) device, its energy is transferred from the photon to the local electrons in the material.
How do photovoltaic cells convert sunlight into electricity?
How do photovoltaic cells convert sunlight to electricity?
How photovoltaic cells convert sunlight into electricity class?
♻ How photovoltaic cells convert sunlight into electricity?
When the sun hits the cells... How do Solar Cells Convert Sunlight Into Electricity?Solar cells are created from silicon wafers doped with boron and phosphorus.
How photovoltaic cells convert sunlight into electricity diagram?
How photovoltaic cells convert sunlight into electricity system?
How do solar photovoltaic cells produce electricity?
♻ How do photovoltaic cells produce electricity?
If light energy is absorbed by the cell, the energy will push electrons across the junction and, if an electrical circuit is made between the two silicon types, the electrons will flow through it, back to where they came from, and continue to do so.
How do photovoltaic cells convert sunlight into electricity energy?
How do photovoltaic cells convert sunlight into electricity system?
How photovoltaic cells convert sunlight into electricity at home?
Video answer: How solar panels turn sunlight into electricity.
We've handpicked 29 related questions for you, similar to «How do photovoltaic cells produce electricity from sunlight?» so you can surely find the answer!
How photovoltaic cells convert sunlight into electricity in plants?
All of these alternative forms of energy play an important role. Solar cells, also called photovoltaic cells, convert sunlight directly into electricity… as PV) gets its name from the process of converting light (photons) to electricity … These next-generation technologies may offer lower costs, greater ease of …
How are photovoltaic cells used to produce electricity?
Photovoltaic cells produce electricity directly from sunlight. Photovoltaic cells are also called PV cells or solar cells. Many PV cells are used in remote locations not connected to the electric grid. Photovoltaic cells comprise the main component in solar panels and are also used to power watches, calculators, solar lights, and lighted road signs.
How do photovoltaic cells convert sunlight into electricity in plants?
How do photovoltaic cells convert sunlight into electricity? Solar-powered photovoltaic (PV) panels convert the sun's rays into electricity by exciting electrons in silicon cells using the photons of light from the sun. This electricity can then be used to supply renewable energy to your home or business.
How do photovoltaic cells convert sunlight into electricity in water?
Sunlight and water can be harnessed to produce hydrogen, a solar fuel, with the use of special solar cells called photoelectochemical (PEC) cells and photovoltaic (PV) electrolysis reactors. The technology stores the sun's energy in the form of chemical bonds, then turns it into electricity through a hydrogen fuel cell.
How do photovoltaic cells convert sunlight into electricity in the body?
Conversion of energy in solar PV cells . FROM CELLS TO ARRAYS To construct solar PV modules from the individual cells, a number of cells are connected electrically to each other and mounted on a supporting frame (often on the rooftop). The modules are designed to produce electricity at specified voltages.
What do photovoltaic cells generate electricity from?
Solar Photovoltaic (PV) cells generate electricity by absorbing sunlight and using that light energy to create an electrical current.
How photovoltaic cells generate electricity?
Solar panels convert the energy of photons (light particles) into electricity (as we discuss in The Beginner's Guide to Solar Energy ). This process is called the …
Video answer: How solar panels work - convert sunlight to electricity in your own backyard | doc physics
What energy source do photovoltaic cells use to produce electricity?
Photovoltaic Cells Produce Electricity as Stand-Alone Energy Sources or as an Additional Energy Source. As a stand-alone energy source, it is used, for example, on satellites, road signs, calculators, and remote objects that require a long-term energy source.
Can photovoltaic panels produce electricity from moonlight?
Can Solar Panels Produce Electricity by Moonlight? - Solar Panels and Solar Energy Systems | Energis Melbourne. Solar panels depend on raw sunlight to produce electricity and raw sunlight contains a number of various particles. The most important particle for solar energy is the 'photon'.
How do photovoltaic cells generate electricity?
Video answer: Solar power 101 - how does sunlight turn into electricity
How do photovoltaic cells make electricity?
How much electricity perovskite photovoltaic cells?
Much of the recent work on perovskite solar cells has been dominated by absorber materials based on methylammonium lead halide. Although perovskite materials have been studied for more than a century, initial studies on methylammonium lead halides for semiconductor applications started in the past two decades. Initial applications of perovskite absorbers in solar cells occurred in 2006 and ...
How do photovoltaic cells generate electricity quizlet?
How do photovoltaic (PV) solar cells work to produce electricity? Photons from the sun hit the solar panels and the electrons move to the bottom of the cell and go through the connecting wire which makes electricity.
How does solar photovoltaic produce electricity?
The most common installation for solar energy collection is the photovoltaic panel, which will convert the rays of the sun into electricity by exciting electrons in silicon cells thanks to photons that are in sunlight. This movement creates energy, which can then be used in multiple ways.
How to produce electricity from sunlight energy?
Photovoltaic solar panels absorb this energy from the Sun and convert it into electricity A solar cell is made from two layers of silicon—one 'doped' with a tiny amount of added phosphorus (n-type: 'n' for negative), the other with a tiny amount of boron (p-type: 'p' for positive)
How does a photovoltaic cell convert sunlight to electricity?
How does photovoltaic panels (pv) convert sunlight into electricity?
How do photovoltaic cells work and generate electricity?
If the PV cell is placed in the sun, photons of light strike the electrons in the p-n junction and energize them, knocking them free of their atoms. These electrons are attracted to the positive charge in the n-type silicon
Video answer: How do solar cells work?
How does sunlight produce electricity?
Energy can be defined as the capacity to do work. This may be in the form of kinetic, nuclear, potential, chemical, or other forms of energy. The energy that comes from the sun is in the form of heat and light. This energy is essential for life on Earth and we are discovering ways to harness that energy to make life on the planet better.
How do photovoltaic solar panels produce electricity?
How does a photovoltaic system produce electricity?
A photovoltaic system converts the sun's radiation, in the form of light, into usable electricity. It comprises the solar array and the balance of system components.
How much electricity does photovoltaic systems produce?
How much electricity will my domestic PV solar panels produce? Assuming your system is optimally installed, and assuming typical Irish weather over the course of a year, here's how much electricity a domestic PV Solar Panels system will produce in Ireland: A 3kW system will produce approx. 2,550 kW/h. That's 60% of average household consumption. A 4kW system will produce approx. 3,400 kW/h.
How to produce electricity at home from sunlight?
In this video you will learn the basic principles of solar energy.This is a small series on renewable energies which teaches the basics of harnessing photovo...
How to produce electricity from sunlight for kids?
Solar electricity is created when light from the sun is turned directly into electricity using solar panels on our houses (or businesses and schools). Collecting the sun's light and turning it into electricity is also called photovoltaics, PV for short. "Photo" means light and "voltaic" means electricity.
Can solar cells convert electricity into sunlight?
A solar cell, capable of directly converting solar energy into electricity, bears a Shockley-Queisser limit of about 31% based on a single pn junction. In general, less than 50% of the solar irradiation spectrum (mostly in the ultraviolet and visible regions) can be utilized for the conversion.
Video answer: How we turn solar energy into electricity


Presented in very good order this spacious ground floor property set within this sought after development on Putney Hill boasts accommodation of 750 square feet comprising two double bedrooms, generous living room, large kitchen breakfast room and modern bathroom, the property would suit a family or sharers alike.
Further benefiting from its own private entrance, a useful garage, permit off street parking for one car, basement bike storage, on site porter and access to communal gardens.
The property is located just minutes from the wide open spaces of Putney Heath, whilst good transport links can be found on Putney Hill and on Putney High Street.