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Q: Restrict numbers and letters in textbox - C# I want to restrict what numbers and letters can be entered into a textbox. Let's say I only want to allow numbers 0-5 and letters a-d (both lower and uppercase).
I already tried using a masked text box but it only let me specify numbers only, letters only (both without restriction) or numbers and letters together but in a particular order.
Best scenario would be: user tries to enter number 6 and nothing gets entered into the textbox, same for letters outside the range a-f.
I think the best event to use would be the Keypress event, but I am at a loss as to how I can achieve the restriction thing.

A: Use the KeyPress Event for your textbox.
protected void myTextBox_KeyPress(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.KeyPressEventArgs)
{
    e.Handled = !IsValidCharacter(e.KeyChar);
}

private bool IsValidCharacter(char c)
{
    bool isValid = true;

    // put your logic here to define which characters are valid
    return isValid;
}

A: // Boolean flag used to determine when a character other than a number is entered.
private bool nonNumberEntered = false;

// Handle the KeyDown event to determine the type of character entered into the control.
private void textBox1_KeyDown(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.KeyEventArgs e)
{
    // Initialize the flag to false.
    nonNumberEntered = false;

    // Determine whether the keystroke is a number from the top of the keyboard.
    if (e.KeyCode < Keys.D0 || e.KeyCode > Keys.D9)
    {
        // Determine whether the keystroke is a number from the keypad.
        if (e.KeyCode < Keys.NumPad0 || e.KeyCode > Keys.NumPad9)
        {
            // Determine whether the keystroke is a backspace.
            if(e.KeyCode != Keys.Back)
            {
                // A non-numerical keystroke was pressed.
                // Set the flag to true and evaluate in KeyPress event.
                nonNumberEntered = true;
            }
        }
    }
    //If shift key was pressed, it's not a number.
    if (Control.ModifierKeys == Keys.Shift) {
        nonNumberEntered = true;
    }
}

// This event occurs after the KeyDown event and can be used to prevent
// characters from entering the control.
private void textBox1_KeyPress(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.KeyPressEventArgs e)
{
    // Check for the flag being set in the KeyDown event.
    if (nonNumberEntered == true)
    {
        // Stop the character from being entered into the control since it is non-numerical.
        e.Handled = true;
    }
}

A: Override the PreviewKeyDownEvent like this:
    private void textBox1_PreviewKeyDown(object sender, PreviewKeyDownEventArgs e)
    {
        if (e.KeyCode == Keys.A || e.KeyCode == Keys.B || ...)
            e.IsInputKey = true;
        else
            e.IsInputKey = false;
    }

This will tell the textBox which keys it will consider as a user input or not.

A: Use the KeyDown event and if the e.Key is not in your allowable set, then just e.Handled = true.
An alternative would be accept all input, validate it and then provide useful feedback to the user, for example an error label asking them to enter data within a certain range. I prefer this method as the user knows something went wrong and can fix it. It is used throughout the web on web forms and would be not at all surprising for a user of your app. Pressing a key and getting no response at all might be confusing!
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principle_of_least_astonishment

A: The Keypress event is probably your best bet. Do a check there if the entered char is not the char you want, set e.SuppressKey to true to make sure the KeyPress event is not fired, and the char is not added to the textbox.

A: If you are using ASP.NET Web Forms a regular expression validation would be the easiest. In MVC, a jQuery library such as MaskedEdit would be a good place to start. The answers above document the Windows forms approach well.

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text:
Cameron Feagin will star as
Lady Gay Spanker
"That despicable mass in inanity"
-Edgar Allan Poe's description of London Assurance
But then, is there a goofy comedy you would expect Edgar Allan Poe to like? Despite Poe's opinion, Dion Boucicault's London Assurance is a towering high point in the generally bleak landscape of mid-19th Century comedy. Most plays of that period are, not to put too fine a point on it, bad; perhaps the only comedy from then the title of which most of us could recognize off the top of our heads might be Our American Cousin, which is remembered not for its slender merits but rather for a disturbance that happened in the audience one night.
Boucicault's play, on the other hand, is the well-built bridge between the great comedies of manners from the late 18th Century, like Richard Brinsley Sheridan's The Rivals (City Lit production directed by Page Hearn, 2004) and Oliver Goldsmith's She Stoops to Conquer (City Lit production directed by me, 2002) and the equally great comedies of the 1890s, such as Oscar Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest (City Lit production directed by Kevin Theis, 2002).
Wilde in fact was heavily influenced by London Assurance, written thirteen years before he was born: Boucicault's device of having one of his characters be known by one name in the city and another in the country would become the central idea of Earnest, and the kind of sparkling paradox-filled dialogue of which Wilde would become the master finds its prototype in Assurance. When Boucicault's heroine, Grace Harkaway, says of the men in the play, "I am afraid they are getting too pleasant to be agreeable," it could just as easily be the voice of Earnest's Gwendolyn or Cecily discussing Jack and Algernon. And her observation that "Men talk of killing time, while time quietly kills them" would fit comfortably in the mouth of Wilde's Lady Bracknell herself.
London Assurance's most famous character is without a doubt the gloriously named Lady Gay Spanker, horse-riding fox hunter who enters in her leather-trimmed hunting suit wielding a riding crop, and goes on to complicate the already complicated romantic entanglements of the play. I am so very pleased that City Lit's Lady Gay will be played by Cameron Feagin, returning home to City Lit after too long an absence.
Cameron and I first worked together in 1999, on a hit production of Michael Frayne's farce Noises Off that played at Theatre Building Chicago. She has acted at City Lit frequently, most memorably as Lady Macbeth and as Amanda in Noel Coward's Private Lives, for which she scored a Jeff nomination for Best Actress in a Lead Role. (Fun Fact to Know and Tell: Amanda and Elyot in Coward's play use "Solomon Isaacs" as a safe word during their frequently violent arguments; Solomon Isaacs is a character in London Assurance.) It has been a few years since Cameron worked here on a full production, though some of you have seen her in a couple of our more recent P. G. Wodehouse concert readings. I have wanted to see Cameron play Lady Gay ever since I first read the play, and I made sure she was available to do so before I scheduled the play into our season.
I mentioned in curtain speeches during the run of I've Got the World on a String that, although there have been fairly frequent productions of London Assurance in both New York and London over the decades, ours will be the first Chicago production of the play since 1897. One of the things we love to do at City Lit is produce wonderful plays that other theatres have forgotten about, such as the Jerome Kern musical Oh Boy! which we spent two years reconstructing because even the publisher didn't have a complete version, and the first production in over fifty years—anywhere, as far as we could find out—of Augustus Thomas's The Copperhead. Like those were, our London Assurance will be the only show like it in Chicago. Don't miss it.
Terry McCabe

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
The new Nightjars album is done
I should probably give it a shout on here.
The latest is that Dan has left the group to concentrate on starting a career in journalism, so we have brought in Tom Mills, who plays keyboards, guitar, sings and I think can generally get a melody out of anything you give him.
The sound will change a bit as a result, cos all combinations are unique, but it's still me, Phil and Sea, so the change will be subtle rather than seismic, I should think.
The artwork is being handled by Sam Garrett. I'll stick a sneak preview of the front cover up when it's finished. It looks fucking ace.
We recorded and mixed it all ourselves and I think we will be releasing it ourselves too. Kramer mastered it for us, otherwise, all our own work.
I think it will be out in April. These things take time.
Filed in Recorded ·Tags: Kramer, Sam Garrett, The Nightjars
Arriving home
I opened the gate and Grandad shuffled through it.
"Thanks lad", he said.
The sun was doing its best to compensate for the heavy silence. We walked at shuffle pace down the hill, towards the remnants of the Roman fort by the river.
Grandad stopped halfway down the hill and touched my arm. "Look", he said, pointing across the valley. "See that church? That's where we married. Now, look right from there and back a bit, that's Abblesden."
That was the council estate they'd lived on for forty five years, after the war was over and Grandad had demobbed.
"Of course, I was so lucky the war ended when it did, because they were going to post me to Burma."
"Really?" Of course, I'd heard the story before.
"Oh yes. On the front line. I would have been fighting the Japanese. But then of course, they dropped the bomb and the Japanese surrendered. And I came back home."
"Thank God for that", I said.
Filed in Prose
Ratemydate.com
How would you rate his breath, on a scale of 1 (offensive) to 5 (fresh)?
The respondent had answered:
James frowned. He still found it hard to believe that it was necessary to include the question in the survey. But the amount of times men scored 1 or 2 for 'breath' made it clear to him that it had to be there. It was such an easy thing, such a simple thing, such a cheap thing to rectify.
This particular guy had taken his date to a city centre pub. Not a bad first move. Neutral ground, that was vital. Nothing too heavy, just a drink, but in a swisher environment than the local. The Suitability Index for the date was pretty high. Both parties were humanities graduates, both late twenties. Both WASPs, so to speak, with similar paths through life to date.
James wanted to help those paths converge.
A natural mathematician, he had followed his subject to uni, but once there, quickly became disillusioned. Maths simply didn't assuage his curiosity about people. It wasn't exciting. It wasn't a conversation starter in bars, unless, of course, he was with other mathematicians. Still, he stuck it out, found other things to talk about in bars and finally qualified with a 2:1 and an idea. He would apply his number-crunching ability to dating.
Ratemydate.com was born.
His friends scoffed at the idea, at first.
"You mean to tell me", said Giles, between convulsive shudder bouts of laughter, "that some poor sod, who's taken a girl out, then got the old zero back when he texted her the next day, is then going to follow it up with an email? Dear Lisa – thanks for Friday night. Please find attached feedback form. Kind regards, Bellend".
Everyone had a cheap laugh at James' expense, but the idea kept growing.
What if you could go onto the website and fill it in anonymously. You could put the venue, date and the time of your encounter, but you didn't have to mention the other person's name.
Nobody would pay for the service, his research persuaded him of that pretty quickly. But it was an easy pitch to get advertising revenue from dating websites. He told his friends. Got them to act as online guinea pigs in his 'sandpit' development site. They fed back. They'd enjoyed it. He went live.
The forms started coming in. He monitored the traffic on the site. As the visitor numbers increased, he kept revising his form. How many were coming back incomplete. Why. Were people skipping particular questions. Why. Was there any need for comment boxes in particular places. Trial and error. He tweaked and honed. He sought feedback about the site's visual appeal. Did it look welcoming and warm. The golden rule – keep it simple, keep it accessible.
The site appealed to people's – vanity, he decided. The date hadn't gone well. He hadn't treated her as she'd expect. He kept looking in every other direction. She didn't know what to talk about. He laughed at his own jokes. He was tight about money. His jokes, which he laughed at, too loudly, weren't very funny. She didn't seem very mature. Her eyes were funny. His hair was a mess. Too neat. Too polite. Too formal. He seemed nervous. She answered a text when I was in the middle of talking to her. The list was never-ending.
He found that the majority of respondents – 56 – 44 per cent – were women. 14% of forms had been filled in by gay men and lesbians. The process was not as attractive to straight guys. OK. The data was passed onto the advertisers, so that they could target their ads.
The buzz on Facebook was great. People loved to gossip; it brightened up their lives. Not everyone was happy with the results, of course, but James figured that if a guy had BO, or was limited in conversational breadth, or couldn't wrestle his eyes from a woman's breasts, then it was probably better, long term, that someone had the hard word about it with them.
If you'd never heard back from your date, you could check the site to see if they'd given you the reason why. All you had to do was tap in the venue, the date and the time.
Emails started to arrive from forlorn men. That report card that came in about 16th July, Zizzi's Bar in Ashford, 9pm. Can you tell me who it was who sent it? I need to know if it was about me.
Of course, confidentiality applied. The anonymity of the reviewer was sacrosanct. The reviewed had to make their own mind up.
And maybe it wasn't about them. Maybe it was the sad story of the couple at the next table, the ones who'd seemed to be having such a good time. Or the ones over by the bar, who'd looked a little drunk. Or the two who sat by the window, quiet. The ones who left with their arms around each other, heading for the nearest taxi rank.
Or maybe it was about the guy with nothing better to do than to email ratemydate.com.
MIRANDA JULY – No One Belongs Here More Than You
I feel absolutely ecstatic, wired, that ecstasy that is too much – I'm moving too fast to enjoy the moment, know that I must crash at some point. This is why alcohol happens.
I was thinking, would anyone read this if it didn't say MIRANDA JULY – No One Belongs Here More Than You at the top? Is this why I review?
Many thoughts are leaping into my mind at once – I think part of it is the sheer exuberance generated by not having touched alcohol for over a week. But another part of it is that I have been chewing over Miranda July's stories of late.
She writes about people I don't usually come across in first person narrative – strippers, losers, fat secretaries, lonely old factory workers, lonely people generally. Throughout, there's this yearning for connection, for meaning. Relationships are usually disastrous and destructive, weird and restricting, non-sexual, or sexually unsatisfactory for at least one party. Psychologically abusive, at times. People do not live happily ever after, but they do live on, like it or not. Have to.
I've always been fascinated by life's failures – the red-faced dissolute standing outside the Royal Oak smoking at half one in the afternoon; inside the pub, you can see the racing on the TV and a few heads, not moving, not speaking. I sometimes pathetically wish I could be there, just dissolving myself, pickling myself gradually to death. But I know that if I tried to do it, it wouldn't work. I would end up getting other people involved and it would fuck up.
Those people in that pub don't look like they have any private pain. They don't look capable of much thought, or much else. They're not, anymore. But they did, once. They could, once. They don't want to anymore. They just want to die.
Miranda July doesn't write a story about an alcoholic in this collection, but I can't help feeling there's a connection, somewhere. Maybe I'm wrong. What I'm driving at is that some of the people she writes about, I walk past on the street daily, without giving them a second thought. Maybe I think, oh, she's ugly, or, god, what a mess that guy is, or I just don't even register them. She writes about them. Not much happens, externally – they drift around a very limited, circumscribed universe – but inside, they still have ambitions, dreams, fantasies, drives. Coping mechanisms.
A secretary obsesses about little things, because there isn't anything big in her life. A woman daydreams about everybody she's ever met holding a party for her, because they love her. An older guy, who regularly fantasises about teenage girls, takes ecstasy and has a sexual experience with a male work colleague. A lesbian couple scour the classified ads in the paper, looking for something for them.
Short story writing should be the art of turning a moment into infinity. Some people start writing and it seems as though they can do anything with anything, never stop producing. Use the mundane as their clay.
Once I had finished this book, my instinct was to go back to the start straight away. That doesn't happen very often.
I haven't done the book justice with this review – one read wasn't enough to really take it in, somehow. I just want to urge anybody who reads this post to check out the book.
Filed in Prose ·Tags: Miranda July, No One Belongs Here More Than You
STEREOLAB – 'Chemical Chords' (4AD)
I live with Stereolab in my heart. It feels almost like I know them personally, so fond am I of their music. Even when they're being shit, I love them. On some of the tracks on Chemical Chords, they are being a bit shit, but I forgive them for that, because I love them.
'The Ecstatic Static' is an interesting song title and almost sums up what's going on here. I understand that this record was made very quickly – and it sounds that way. Stereolab fans will find loads of gems, but those who aren't already indoctrinated will probably find themselves slightly nonplussed. I've hammered the album now and still find certain songs drifting past me, but I remember my first listen left me feeling a bit short-changed, to say the least.
Virtually none of the songs had a proper ending. They all seemed to either fade out or stop dead at the end of a cycle in a totally unsatisfactory way. The silence at the end of certain songs seemed almost embarrassing. Is that it? I wondered.
I started to consider the record as something of a sketchpad, or, more precisely, a working record. By which I mean, a record made whilst going from one place to another. A curate's egg, something they were capable of doing at the time, without really surpassing themselves – Tim Gane, off the top of his head, set up some tracks, let them flow, got Laetitia Sadier to shake her not inconsiderable thang on top and that was kind of it. Move fast, keep the tracks short.
Some of the structures are, of course, brilliant, but one of the album highlights, 'Valley Hi', features one of the laziest musical changes I've ever heard. It sounds like they had two parts and simply couldn't be arsed to bridge them, so welded them together- voila! A cut and shut. It is only the extreme quality of the second part – a delicious coda powered along by luscious, lovely smooth roto bass thrum – that allows them to get away with it. I'm so thrilled by it that I kind of forget what came before. Which is actually a really nice part.
The first two songs, 'Neon Beanbag' and 'Three Women' are absolutely brilliant. 'Neon' has a superb shimmy to it, which Sadier replicates with her warm 'doo-wop', which has been treated to make it sound kind of translucent. It sits in with the track so organically. 'Three Women' follows up with a shit-hot groove, two note bass repeating, adroit, across the slave drums, then the bass turns round and trips in the chorus, while a sheet of trebly organ descends and brass suaves in to lift the whole thing into quite magnificent propulsion.
Then song after song comes in with a promising idea and disappears off leaving nary a waft of an impression.
Track 8 'Pop Molecule' is basically their repetition song, 'Kyberneticka Babicka', redux. I remember being really thrilled with that when I bought it on 7". Then I played it to my friend Yuri, who just laughed and said, "they can release anything, can't they?" I was rather stung by that. Am I a sucker?
Yeah, I'm a sucker.
But a sucker who is REWARDED by the beautiful 'Daisy Click Clack', which follows a bunch of so-so numbers, stretching from track 7, 'Silver Sands', which actually just isn't very good, to track 12, 'Fractal Dream of a Thing', which is the most interesting of the lot and certainly one of the better things on Chemical Chords. It has a great, rhythmic, rapped vocal moment and a swooning 'chorus', which terminates in a lovely one-note solo. With development, it could have been a classic.
All hail the one-note solo! Neil Young knows it and Tim Gane knows it too, in a very different way. 'Daisy Click Clack', which is utterly fantastic, has one too. It's clean and simple, skipping across the more complex and layered backing track, which is a whimsical, formal, off-kilter piano-led woozy sway, with lots of vibes. Subtle, clever, hits you in the heart. This is why I love them.
The version I bought has bonus tracks, so I'm not sure where the regular album finishes. I would imagine track 14, 'Vortica Phonetique', is on the album – and dashed good it is too. Simon Johns gets his bass working, the structure develops with a pleasingly natural complexity. It's a builder, with nice drop downs and 'ba ba bas'. Weirdly, there's a triptych of some of the best stuff on the LP clustered right at the end.
In the end, this album feels like something Tim Gane toyed with for a week, before sauntering off to forget it over a decent lunch.
I'm glad he did it.
Filed in Recorded ·Tags: Stereolab Chemical Chords
Piccadilly Train Station observations
At Manchester Piccadilly, there's an upstairs retail court, with a sports bar, an M&S food shop and various other outlets.
Queuing for food, a woman barged past me – "Can I go in front of you. My train goes in five minutes. I'd do the same."
I say nothing, the guy stood in front of me in the line says nothing. The woman takes her bag of products up to the kid who is serving at till number 8.
I am served soon enough at till number 9. Walking out of the shop, I see two white men sitting on a bench. I hear a foreign language being spoken, maybe Polish. Something isn't right about them. One is talking quietly into the other's ear. The listener suddenly crumples, doubling up. He tries to cover his face with his jacket. I look over the balcony beyond them and see two policemen below, wearing fluorescent jackets and leading Alsatians.
The guy is obviously terrified of something. Maybe the mob have finally caught up to him. Maybe he owes someone money. Maybe he killed someone. Maybe he knew something.
Whatever, pain and panic had arrived upon him, in the shape of the other man, or the information he was calmly delivering.
The next time I passed that way, I looked at the same bench. This time, a girl was sat there, alone, staring into the corporately-owned space in front of her, an empty page of a notebook in front of her.
This is a public space, of sorts. Anyone can sit there for free and play out whatever needs to be played out in their lives. Next time, I might sit there for five minutes, see what I can see.


text:
Christian Doctor Prohibited From Serving as Disability Assessor for Declining to Refer to Patients by Gender Identity
By Heather Clark on July 9, 2018 35 Comments
Photo Credit: George Hodan
DUDLEY, England — A Christian doctor in the U.K. has been prohibited from serving as a disability assessor after informing the Department of Work and Pensions (DWP) that he could not conform to their requirement that he refer to clients both in communication and in paperwork by their gender identity.
Dr. David Mackereth, 55, has worked as an emergency room doctor for the National Health Service (NHS) for 26 years, and recently sought to serve as a disability assessor for the DWP. His job would have entailed interviewing those who desired to obtain disability benefits and submitting reports about their health.
Mackereth enrolled in a training course in May, and all seemed to be fine—that is, until his instructor advised that assessors must refer to clients by their gender identity. Some doctors began discussing the idea that gender is "fluid," The Telegraph reports.
"I said that I had a problem with this. I believe that gender is defined by biology and genetics, and that as a Christian, the Bible teaches us that God made humans male or female," he told The Daily Mail. "I could have kept my mouth shut, but it was the right time to raise it."
Mackereth's instructor then advised the DWP of the doctor's convictions, and he soon received an email from the employment firm APM outlining that the DWP requires that he refer to those with gender dysphoria by their preferred identification or it "could be considered harassment as defined by the 2010 Equality Act."
After responding that he could not do so "in good conscience," Mackereth's contract was discontinued, thus ending his pursuit of a job as a disability assessor.
"I don't think I should be compelled to use a specific pronoun," he told The Daily Mail. "I am not setting out to upset anyone, but if upsetting someone can lead to doctors being sacked, then as a society, we have to examine where we are going."
"Firstly, we are not allowed to say what we believe. Secondly, as my case shows, we are not allowed to think what we believe. Finally, we are not allowed to defend what we believe," Mackereth lamented.
The DWP confirmed the requirement and that Mackereth would not comply with it.
"Dr. Mackereth made it clear during his training that he would refuse to use pronouns which did not match his own view of a person's biological gender. We expect all assessors to handle assessments sensitively and adhere to the Equality Act 2010," the spokesperson said.
The late British preacher Charles Spurgeon, who often proclaimed the gospel in the public streets, once noted that man, in all his brokenness, is incapable of helping or changing himself and his only hope is to throw himself upon Christ.
"God be thanked when the Law so works as to take off the sinner from all confidence in himself! To make the leper confess that he is incurable is going a great way toward compelling him to go to that divine Savior, who alone is able to heal him," he said. "This is the whole end of the Law toward men whom God will save."
Christian Doctor Prohibited From Serving as Disability Assessor for Declining to Refer to Patients by Gender Identity added by Heather Clark on July 9, 2018


text:
Friederike Brun, (född Münther) född 3 juni 1765 i Gräfentonna, Thüringen och död 25 mars 1835 i Köpenhamn, var en dansk författare, dotter till psalmförfattaren Balthasar Münter. Hon gifte sig med den rike köpmannen Constantin Brun.

Tidigt liv
Friederike Brun föddes den 3 juni 1765 i Gräfentonna i nuvarande Thüringen, Tyskland. Hennes far var Balthasar Münter, en författare och teolog, och familjen flyttade till Danmark strax efter Friederikes födelse när fadern fick en tjänst som präst vid Peterskyrkan i Köpenhamn, kyrkan i stadens tyska församling. Hon var ett begåvat barn och fick grundliga kunskaper om litteratur och andra kulturella ämnen i det intellektuella hemmet, men fick aldrig någon formell skolgång. Hennes familj fick ofta besök av tyska och danska litterära figurer som Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock, Johann Andreas Cramer och bröderna Christian och Friedrich Leopold zu Stolberg-Stolberg, och Johannes Ewald.

Friederikes far fick dotterns första poetiska experiment publicerade redan 1782. Han gav henne också ett resekonto till Tyskland. Poesi och resor dominerade också resten av hennes litterära karriär. Hennes reseskildringar uppmuntrades av en omfattande reseaktivitet som hon, med stöd av sin mans stora förmögenhet, genomförde från 1789 till 1810 under en tid i sällskap med prinsessan Louisa av Anhalt-Dessau (hustru till hertig Leopold III av Anhalt-Dessau) och poeten Matthisson.. Vid den tiden fanns det praktiskt taget inte en man eller en kvinna av någon betydelse i Danmark, Tyskland, Schweiz eller Italien som hon inte kände till, med vilken hon inte hade haft vänskapliga relationer, vars karaktär, med fantasi och förståelse, hon inte mer eller mindre kunde bestämma och beskriva i minsta detalj.

Litterär karriär och resor
På sina resor träffade hon och blev vän med många ledande europeiska kulturpersonligheter, och de är framträdande i hennes reseskrifter. Med många av dem höll hon en produktiv korrespondens. Bland de europeiska intellektuella hon associerade sig med var Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Friedrich Schiller, August Wilhelm Schlegel, Johann Gottfried Herder, Wilhelm Grimm och den schweiziska kvinnliga författaren Madame de Staël med vilken hon hade en nära vänskap.

Med Friedrich von Matthisson och med historikern Johannes von Müller tillbringade Brun en tid i Schweiz i Charles Victor de Bonstettens hus. Bonstetten var därefter i flera år gäst i Köpenhamn. Han brevväxlade med henne, och några av hans brev publicerades senare. Efter en lång vistelse i Italien tillbringade hon resten av sitt liv i Köpenhamn.

Salongerna
Friederike Brun är känd för sina sentimentala oden, resebilder och de estetiska avhandlingar hon författat. Mera känd är hon dock för att hon under den danska guldåldern, under första hälften av 1800-talet, arrangerade litterära salonger på Sophienholm, deras sommarresidens norr om Köpenhamn. På vintern höll hon dem i Köpenhamn, där yngre och äldre danska och tyska skalder samlades omkring husfrun och hennes sköna dotter Adelaide - "Ida". Hennes salonger var inspirerade av Madame de Staëls salonger på Château de Coppet. Dottern, Ida Brun, som presenterade mimade "attityder" inspirerade av Lady Hamilton, var en av de största attraktionerna vid salongerna som hennes mor höll i Köpenhamn, Genève och Rom från 1806 till 1816.

Friederike Brun är känd för att ha skrivit dikten Chamouny at Sunrise, som var originalet till Samuel Taylor Coleridge's Hymn in the Vale of Chamouni.

Verk

Hennes tidiga poem, utgivna av Matthisson i 1795 (4 ut., Zürich, 1806), följdes av Neue Gedichte (Darmstadt, 1812), och Neueste Gedichte (Bonn, 1820). Hon beskrev sin resor i:
 Prosaische Schriften, 4 volymer, Zürich, 1799-1801

 Tagebuch einer Reise durch die östliche, südliche und italienische Schweiz, 1800
 Episoden aus Reisen durch das südliche Deutschland etc., 4 volymer, 1807-1818

Referenser

Noter

Källor
Svensk uppslagsbok, Lund 1930

Danska författare under 1700-talet
Danskspråkiga författare
Födda 1765
Avlidna 1835
Kvinnor
Personer från Gräfentonna
Salongsvärdar
Danska författare under 1800-talet

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
The Jerusalem Post – In a First, U.S. Calls on German Banks to Close BDS Accounts
The Jerusalem Post interviewed B'nai B'rith International President Charles O. Kaufman regarding the decision by the United States government to advocate the severing of ties between German banks and accounts that support the BDS movement.
The US government, via its powerful ambassador to Germany, Richard Grenell, urged German banks this week to shut down accounts they hold on behalf of organizations that support the BDS campaign against the State of Israel.
"Germany's Bundestag passed a resolution condemning the BDS movement and calling on the federal government to resolutely oppose it," Grenell told The Jerusalem Post on Tuesday. "German banks should therefore cut ties with all organizations linked to the BDS movement. Organizations and people that undermine Israel's security should be condemned."
Grenell, a prominent supporter of Israel, issued his statement in response to reports in the Post about an account in the German Bank for Social Economy that belongs to a Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement organization and deemed to be antisemitic by the nearly 100,000 member Central Council of Jews in Germany.
Numerous Post queries to Harald Schmitz, the CEO of the Bank for Social Economy, have been ignored. The account in question belongs to the organization, Jewish Voice for a Fair Peace in the Middle East, and is used to raise funds to promote BDS. There has been a growing trend since 2016 among German banks such as Deutsche Bank, Commerzbank, Postbank, PayPal in Germany,and the Munich-based DAB bank to close the accounts of BDS entities. However, the Bank of Social Economy has defied calls since 2018 from the Israeli government and a host of German and American Jewish organizations to sever ties with the BDS group.
Pro-Israel organizations have called on a part-owner of the bank – the Central Welfare Board of Jews in Germany (ZWST) – to divest from the bank and relocate its business to a bank not engaged in enabling BDS activity.
"No Jew and no one who has a sense of decency should do business with these unteachable people," Daniel Killy, vice president of the German-Israel Friendship Society – one of Germany's most important pro-Israel organizations – told the Post. "Show solidarity with Israel, cancel your accounts!"
The Simon Wiesenthal Center's associate dean Rabbi Abraham Cooper mirrored Killy's words, and said that "it is extremely important that Jews and every Jewish institution take their business elsewhere."
Berlin's Jewish community has an account with the Bank for Social Economy, but its president, Gideon Joffe, refused to say whether the community plans to terminate its account. Sigmount Königsberg, the Berlin Jewish community's representative to combat antisemitism, punted questions to the ZWST, which also refused to respond.
The president of the Zionist Organization of America, Mort Klein, told the Post that "especially in light of Germany's monstrous history of genocide against the Jews, one would expect a German bank to absolutely refuse to deal with a BDS group whose official goal is destruction of the Jewish state. We urge that all refuse to do business with this bank until this bank's policy is changed."
"We are long past theoretical discussions, with evidence overwhelming and beyond dispute, that BDS is an antisemitic movement that promulgates hate and has direct links to terrorist organizations," said Arsen Ostrovsky, executive director of the Israeli Jewish Congress. "Given the painful history of German banks in the past, including in the [enabling] of crimes committed during the Holocaust, no German financial institution should today in any way be aiding and abetting BDS groups by providing financing in order to enable them to promote the boycott of the Jewish state and Jewish institutions."
Charles Kaufman, president of B'nai B'rith International, told the Post, "Israel is a diverse society, a free-market economy, an entrepreneurial wonderland. Why would a bank, even one claiming to be a socially moral one, want to do business with a group that opposes such a robust social and economic environment? Surely the bank understands that BDS fails to contribute to peace. It is economically perilous to Palestinians, as the tactic merely works to coerce businesses operating in West Bank industrial parks to close, costing countless jobs to people who cry out for employment."
ICHRPP
JTA - Belgian Mayor Defends Carnival Float featuring Jews with Money and a Rat
B'nai B'rith Condemns Congress's Failure to Pass Stand-Alone Anti-Semitism Resolution


text:
Attack on my convoy a violation of peace accord – Atiku
The presidential candidate of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP), Atiku Abubakar, has said it is unfortunate that his convoy was attacked in Maiduguri, Borno State…
From left; Governor of Delta state, Ifeanyi Okowa; Former military president, General Ibrahim Babangida (Rtd) and PDP presidential candidate, Atiku Abubakar during a visit by some PDP members to former President in Minna recently
By Abubakar Akote, Minna
The presidential candidate of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP), Atiku Abubakar, has said it is unfortunate that his convoy was attacked in Maiduguri, Borno State despite the fact that candidates have signed a peace accord.
He said the act was a violation of the peace accord signed by candidates as proposed by the National Peace Committee.
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He alleged that the attack by some thugs was masterminded by the political leadership of Borno State.
He said this when he visited the former military president, General Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida on Friday.
On the lingering crisis between the PDP presidential candidate and the G-5 Governors, Atiku said they had been engaging them and would continue to engage them to restore peace in the party.
He said they were in Minna to pay respect to General Babangida for the services he rendered to Nigeria, and they would continue to come for blessings.
Atiku was accompanied by the governor of Delta State and vice presidential candidate of the party, Dr Ifeanyi Okowa, Governors Darius Ishaku of Taraba State, Aminu Waziri Tambuwal of Sokoto and a former Jigawa State governor, Alhaji Sule Lamido, among others.
2023: I'm in talks with Kwankwaso, Obi, says Atiku
Atiku: I'll revitalise textile companies, reconstruct Bakalori Dam
Presidency: Why I chose Tinubu over Atiku - PDP Senator
Gunmen attack Reps spokesman's constituency office in Abia


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Captain Benjamin Moore quit yelling for his men to come up. Spurring his horse on as fast as it could go, he tried desperately to stop the Californios before they cleared the rocky point on the north side of the valley floor. Dawn was creeping over the horizon and the southwestern end of the valley was now barely becoming visible.
As the Captain cleared the rocky point to his right, he could barely make out in the early predawn darkness, some Californios way ahead down the road. He slowly brought his horse to a stop on the road. Caught up in the chase, he looked both to his front and to his rear.
He suddenly realized he was the only American that had yet cleared the point. As he sat there on top of his horse trying to grasp that realization, movement to his right unexpectedly caught his eye. With his sword in hand, Moore slowly wheeled his horse to the right. Perhaps his heart skipped a beat as he began to make out silhouettes against the darkness of the nearby hill. Not all the Californios had continued down the road as Moore had thought. There in front of him were about seventy Californios staring back at him.
Unbeknownst to Moore, most of the Californios' force had chosen to stop and regroup after they cleared the point. A small remainder of Mexicans had ridden on to the center of two nearby hills located directly in the middle of the valley floor and, whom Moore had originally been chasing.
In the middle of the seventy Mexicans sat General Andres Pico on top of his horse. He had stopped there, thinking the battle was over. They had disengaged the strung-out Americans over half-a-mile away. Trying to now figure out what their new plan of action was going to be, they suddenly found themselves looking in disbelief at the crazy American officer.
Moore found himself in a very delicate situation. He had been totally caught off guard with the Mexican force behind the point. As an American officer, he had only two choices, to either charge the enemy or, turn tail and yellow-belly back around the point to his soldiers.
Moore knew the latter choice could never be. For several seconds he thought of his deceased wife, Martha. He thought of his six-year-old son, Matthew, and his four-year-old daughter, Mary Ann.
Pulling his pistol out with his other hand and a last-minute hope that his troops were coming around the bend any second, Moore spurred his horse and charged the Mexicans. His target was the man in the center of the group, General Pico. The Mexicans watched the lone officer charge towards their General, both gallantly and defiantly, yelling, and then slowly pointing his pistol.
Focused on the Captain's charge, none of the Californios paid any attention to the second American officer now rounding the bend in the distance. It was Moore's brother-in-law, Lieutenant Hammond.
As if everyone present including Moore knew what had to be done, in a matter of seconds, it was all over. Riding at full gallop, Moore aimed and fired his pistol at Pico but missed. Then quickly, Moore wheeled his horse around, raised his sword and made another pass at Pico. The Californios then did what had to be done.
Californios Leandro Osuna and Dionisio Alipas both rode up to Moore before he could make a second pass at Pico and ran their lances through his body. Several more Californios rode up and ran their spears through the Captain's body. Then, Pico rode over to the soldier and ran his own sword through Moore as well.
With the Captain's eyes glazed and blood running out of his mouth, his body began to quiver. Pulling their spears out of him as quickly as they had thrust them in, Moore's body fell off the horse and onto the ground. His sword snapped in two as his hand still gripped firmly to the hilt.
Pablo Apis, an Indian from nearby Temecula, suddenly rode up and ran his lance clear through the soldier's dying body. Soon, Moore had been lanced up to eight times. Perhaps as an act of mercy, Thomas Sanchez then rode over to the fallen soldier and shot him once in the head.
Hammond heard the single shot fearing the worse. He saw the Californios around Moore like wolves on a kill. He then made a reckless attempt to stop Moore's death but, in the process, made his own ride into glory. Other Californios rode up immediately and intercepted Hammond, running lances through his body nine times. Their lances were much longer than Hammond's sword could ever reach.
General Kearny and members of his small group quickly rounded the point and headed straight for the Californios.
Sergeant John Cox and a few other dragoons were finally catching up and rounding the point too. They were headed on down the same caretta road when all through the noise of their own galloping mounts, an array of movement to their right caught their eye as well.
They saw General Kearny and others fighting the Greyhounds near a lone willow tree in the middle of a lone plain, about 400 to 500 yards northwest of the point. The dragoons slowly wheeled their animals to the right and charged. The Californios however, were more than ready for them. They met the Americans' charge with tremendous ferocity.
As the group of seventy Mexicans engaged the small group of dragoons, the other twenty-five or so Californios that had ridden on down the road earlier, now turned around and quickly headed back to rejoin their compadres. This, even more quickly turned the tables on the Americans, leaving approximately twenty to forty dragoons to take on approximately a hundred Californios. The Americans were outnumbered over two to one.
General Pico now led the Californios gallantly forward in their own charge. The Mexican cowboys were now showing their skills as the awesome horse soldiers of their country. Their lances that they used to spear bulls and hunt grizzlies with, were very deadly in the hands of these "Cabillarios." Each lance was decorated with pennants that furled with each movement of the rider. Their pennants quickly became splattered with American blood.
John Cox and his men rode into the thick of the Californios. Somewhere, somehow, in a matter of seconds, things went drastically wrong for them. Several of the dragoons fired their weapons only to find they wouldn't fire. Like their ice-cold and soaked uniforms, some had wet powder from the rain causing their weapons misfire.
For others, the Californios were upon them too fast to reload their weapons after getting just one shot off. Several lancers would converge on one dragoon, thrusting their sharp spears through his body.
Some dragoons found themselves being roped and pulled right out of their saddles where several Californios would ride upon them, jabbing their long lances into the bodies several times.
For the Americans, their guns were no good, their mounts were not responding fast enough, and their rusted swords were no match against the long lances of the Mexicans. The Greyhounds swarmed all around them with deadly precision.
Slowly, more American soldiers continued around the point. One of them was Lieutenant John Davidson and his artillery battery that consisted of two howitzers on run down carriages and a small group of men. Bringing the guns into the rear of the position just south of the caretta road, he immediately spun the guns into position in a desperate attempt to save the dragoons on the field.
As his men made several attempts to bring the battery into service, Davidson suddenly was overcome with two terrifying realizations.
One was that he was in a position where he could not fire the howitzers without hitting his own men. The second was that he realized he had no ammunition for the guns. The balls and canister shot, were farther back in the rear and hadn't arrived up on the front yet.
Finally, in desperation, Davidson drew his sword and yelled to his NCO in charge of the battery that he could take the battery to hell. Then, raising his sword, Davidson rode off into battle.
Despite nine wounds to his chest, both his lungs punctured, Lieutenant Hammond slowly rode his mount back towards the rear. The whole time, he kept yelling to oncoming dragoons, "God sakes men, come up."
He was met by Doctor Griffin on the field who after already being ordered by General Kearny to the rear, was skirting around the General to help in the fight. Due to the extreme intensiveness of the battle that seemed to swirl across several hundred yards of field all around the doctor, he could but only order Hammond to ride to the rear where he would attend to him later.
Coming up the road from the rear and finally arriving just in front of the howitzers was Captain Gillespie and about thirteen of his California Volunteers.
As Gillespie's unit pulled up onto the field, the dragoons, to retreat from the enemy's onslaught, were headed right towards Gillespie. The order to retreat had been ordered by General Kearny. Captain Henry Smith Turner had tried unsuccessfully to counter-order the General.
Kearny, Turner, Emory and the rest of the small group of dragoons were simply being laid upon by the vicious Greyhounds. The dragoons were being quickly destroyed and Kearny began the retreat to the rear.
With so few dragoons present, and the fact they were so greatly outnumbered by the Mexicans, the remaining Americans quickly began moving southward towards San Pasqual Hill. This took them back across the caretta road and into a field where the two howitzers were positioned.
Riding right pass the dragoons, Gillespie and his unit suddenly found themselves totally enveloped by the pursuing Californios. Left to fend for themselves, the California Volunteers were instantly thrust into mortal combat with the enemy.
Captain Gillespie was quick to see the fatal results of the dragoons "turning" in the face of the enemy and fleeing. He immediately yelled out, "Rally men, for God's sake rally, show a front, don't turn your backs, face them, face them, follow me," but Gillespie's words fell on deaf ears. The dragoons rushed by not even slowing.
One of the California Battalion Volunteers named Daniel Sexton was quickly overwhelmed by five of the Greyhounds who knocked him out of the saddle and had him sprawled out on the ground. They were about to thrust their bloodied spears into his body when by chance, Lieutenant Beale saw the near execution and charged all five. The Mexicans quickly fled seeing Beale aiming his weapon at him. Sexton's life was indeed saved by this act.
Dragoons were all over the field fighting small skirmishes of their own. In the pre-dawn darkness, all the participants of this bloody battle resembled nothing more than silhouettes, nothing more than faceless outlines riding, running and fighting each other until death.
Private Joseph Kennedy was being chased by a small group of Californios across the field. Kennedy tried to make his mount go faster but it couldn't no matter how deep he dug his spurs into its sides. Like many of the dragoons, Kennedy may have lost his rowels on the ends of his spurs and had nothing but metal ends to jab into the animal. Kennedy knew his time was up.
One lone Californio got right up behind Kennedy and thrust his spear forward at his skull. It sliced into the left side of Kennedy's skull but was deflected. Kennedy was gripped with tremendous pain from the blow but even more with Adrenalin, from the absolute fear and terror of dying. He kept riding with his pursuer directly behind him.
The Californio thrust his spear again at Kennedy, and again, Kennedy's skull proved to be a small target. The spear once more cut into and glanced off of the left side of his head. Now frustrated, the Californio continued his pursuit with even more vigor.
This sad and pathetic chase continued across the valley floor as the Californio kept jabbing his spear into Kennedy's head. The Mexican was determined to kill the American with a single head shot. Kennedy's heart was racing as fast as it could go. His veins were filled with straight adrenalin as he knew he was riding for his life. He could feel the warmth of his own blood as it was running down the left side of his face. It ran down his neck and into his clothing making it soggy. The grim reaper was calling.
It was the fifth jab to his skull that finally struck him with such impact that it threw him off his mount. Dazed, injured and confused, he flipped over on his back only to have his killer riding upon him again. Again, aiming for Kennedy's skull, the Californio thrust his spear at Kennedy's face but Kennedy threw his arm up to block the blow. The lance went right through his arm. His scream echoed off the valley walls.
Kennedy's hunter was through. He pulled his spear out of Kennedy's arm and took off into the battle. Kennedy lay there in silence, feeling like he wanted to just go to sleep. The effects of loss of blood and shock began to set in.
Private David Streeter suddenly found himself surrounded by a pack of "Caballeros.". He was able to block a blow from a lance that was headed for his skull only to have it enter his neck.
He could suddenly hear the sounds of five spears thrusting in and out of his chest. If this were not enough to satisfy the appetite of the Dogs of War, they stabbed him two more times aiming for his kidneys, impaling him from both sides of his hips with their long lances.
Back in the rear of the field, Mexicans started to swarm towards the two howitzers being brought along on prairie carriages.
The soldiers opened fire with their rifles and in the process, spooked the mules pulling one of the guns.
The two mules pulling the gun took off in a wild panic, the driver being unable to control them. As he held on for dear life, two other mounted soldiers rode alongside the animals trying to grab them and slow them down.
Back at the other remaining howitzer, the crew of three dragoons died terrible deaths. Their bodies impaled over and over by the lances of the Greyhounds. In seconds, their bodies lay lifeless on the wet ground, steam rising from the warm pools of blood spilled across the cold ground.
A horde of Mexicans then took off, descending upon the three remaining soldiers and the runaway gun. The two accompanying dragoons were butchered in their saddles as the driver continued on with the cannon. He could only look back for a brief moment to see the fate of his two companions knowing the same fate now awaited him.
General Kearny, along with Lieutenants Emory and Warner, saw the howitzer with the runaway mules. Kearny realized he was about to lose one of his main artillery pieces to the enemy. He had to get to it quickly or fear losing it. The lieutenants looked on in horror, watching the killing of their men.
In a desperate attempt to save the gun, Kearny, his lieutenants and some dragoons immediately went after the field piece. This movement however was already detected by the fierce Greyhounds. As if a dam broke open, Kearny saw the field in front of him suddenly flooded with Californios. Kearny and his small group were again overwhelmed.
Meanwhile, in the middle of the battlefield, the two mules with the runaway howitzer finally came to a stop. The lone artillery piece now sat alone in the middle of the battlefield. Like in the eye of a hurricane, the howitzer seemed to be a place of calm while all the fighting was swirling around its outer edges.
In one quick swoop, the Californios were down upon the gun. In terror, the driver jumped down and from underneath the carriage, yelled out, begging for his life. The long lances of Gabriel Garcia and Francisco Higuera however, found their mark as they repeatedly stabbed the soldier to death. Like stabbing a live animal, they could feel the death jerks at the end of their spears. The young soldier fell silent. The two mules and their howitzer sat motionless in the middle of the field by the road. Much was happening all around it.
After already being lanced once through the left arm, General Kearny was about to be dealt a death blow from behind by one Californio. The lance was deflected however into the General's posterior on the left side as a result of Lieutenant Emory who took on the Mexican from his immediate rear while fighting another to his front.
The General began to work his way to the rear when he came upon Doctor Griffin who immediately became concerned about Kearny's wounds. However, the battlefield was alive with fighting and Kearny told Griffin to stay to the rear. Likewise, Griffin told the General to get to the rear where he could treat him. Then, both disappeared riding off in different directions into the darkness of the early morning.
Because most of Pico's men were from Los Angeles, they suddenly recognized Gillespie fighting along with his men. Gillespie was the red-haired Marine Corps Captain whom they had captured once before. Their anger was now fueled because they remembered that one of his conditions of release had been his promise that he would never again take up arms against the Californios. Here he was, now once again fighting them in the Valley of San Pasqual.
Infuriated and yet elated that such a prize now lay before them, the Mexicans began to yell out in Spanish, "There is Gillespie, at him men, at him!" Four Californios instantly engaged Gillespie. Two more Mexicans in the distance saw the commotion and joined the group also.
Gillespie, with his sword drawn, quickly parried off four Californios only to be confronted by two more, one of which discharged a shotgun blast which narrowly missed his face. The remaining Mexican charged Gillespie with a lowered spear and, Gillespie parried the blow by sliding over in the saddle and behind the neck of his horse. This however didn't save him as another lance came from the rear and struck him in the back of the neck, just above the collar. This blow knocked Gillespie clear off the horse and onto the ground, falling with his sword safely beneath him.
Although somewhat disoriented, Gillespie attempted to rise but at that precise moment, a Californio ran his lance right through Gillespie's back. The spear entered just above his heart and punctured one of his lungs. Gillespie immediately turned his head to face his assailant, only to confront another Californio riding full charge at him and running his lance right into Gillespie's mouth. The lance tore Gillespie's lip open and broke a tooth. The impact however, threw Gillespie on his back while his attacker's horse literally leaped over him, rider and all.
Losing blood and starting to go into shock, Gillespie didn't feel yet another lance pierce his right forearm. Despite this, and knowing he would surely die if not, Gillespie got himself back on his feet and began to swing his sword wildly, clearing a way for himself. Also lucky for him, his horse took off running with several Mexicans in pursuit to capture it including Francisco Higuera.
At another end of the field, Lieutenant Davidson fell under attack by two Mexicans. He killed one with his pistol while the other one took up another charge against him. He parried the blow and the Californio rode off into the darkness. Davidson fought on, getting lanced several times, his uniform cut, the wounds superficial.
Out on the far edge of the battlefield lay Private James Osbourne, wounded by a lance cut through the neck.
One Mexican, while riding up close to attack an American, found himself shot in the neck with a Patterson five-shot pistol.
Lieutenant Edward Beale of the Navy saw the Californios flag bearer on the battlefield and gave chase. Beale managed to bring his mount right alongside that of the Mexican and inone swift movement, delivered a blow to the Californio while at the same time, putting his hand upon the staff to seize the standard. As faith would have it that morning however, faster than one could blink, Beale's horse suddenly gave out from under him, crashing down onto the ground and throwing Beale, and losing the flag in the process.
Private William B. Dunne, who had been in the ill-fated advance guard, now rode across the field quickly. He was bleeding from several lance wounds including one from his fourth rib.
The battlefield seemed to be going in slow motion. Dragoons were riding in different directions all over the field. Through patches of fog and clouds of smoke from fired muskets, the smell of sparked flint and gunpowder penetrated the air.
Some of Captain Gillespie's men from the Volunteer Battalion were able to take an elevated position adjacent the rocky point on the north side of the valley floor at the base of the hills. Comprised of carbineers and sailors, they began to lay down ground fire upon the Californios as they raced back and forth across the field. Futile attempts were made to shoot the Mexicans out of their saddles when they came within range of the rifles. This was made so difficult though due to the shaking from the cold and by the fact that their targets were constantly moving. Under such conditions, hitting any targets at all was absolute frustration for the riflemen.
In quick pursuit of the mounted dragoons across the battlefield were other lance-wielding Californios, numbering almost four to one, every dragoon on the field. The screams of death and terror were heard through the cold and dark morning air. The neighing of horses being wheeled back and forth echoed across the field. The battlefield began to become littered with the carcasses of horses and mules, while other rider-less mounts, still alive, ran wildly through the valley.
Californios Gabriel Garcia, his lance still wet with the blood of the howitzer driver he had lanced underneath the gun carriage, was now charging a lone dragoon across the field. The soldier opened fire however, dropping Garcia and his horse to the ground.
The impact was so sudden and hard, that Garcia's spear was splintered. The dragoon, sitting reversed in his saddle, worked feverishly at reloading his pistol. As Garcia struggled up, he looked down at his dead horse and anger rushed through his veins. He ran over to the dragoon and pulled the soldier right out of the saddle. Slamming his opponent to the ground, Garcia drew his sword and began striking the soldier repeatedly.
Suddenly, another Californio named Pedro Perez rode up and without warning, ran his lance through the American. He then turned to Garcia and said, "Asi se hace" meaning "That's the way it is done."
For the Mexicans, as chaotic as the battlefield appeared, they were awed and brought together by one young and vibrant Californio named Juan Mariano. He was simply called "Lobo" or the wolf. Just twenty-three years old, he was but a Mexican cowboy from the San Gabriel Mission. Despite that caring for livestock had been his trade, he moved through the morning darkness like the wolf he had been named for.
Like the rider on the pale horse, Lobo moved through the battlefield descending death onto the Americans with uncanny precision. The Mexicans fighting alongside him, looked at the vaquero in awe. Said to be a Corporal in the Californios, several times, Lobo, with ice-cold calm and very calculating moves, took leadership of the Mexicans fighting on the field. Quickly reorganizing and directing his compadres against the Americans, Lobo stood tall among his people this morning.
The early morning darkness played havoc on the American soldiers. Several of Gillespie's Volunteers who wore hunting shirts and who were unknown to the dragoons, found themselves being attacked by their own forces.
One volunteer in Gillespie's unit named Franklin Sears had his skull cracked open from the butt of a rifle. It was done by a very large-built dragoon who mistook him for a Californio.
Captain Gibson, who accompanied Gillespie with a company of men, found himself surrounded and overcome by the deadly lances of the Californios. He was seriously lanced in two places and losing blood.
Gillespie meanwhile, staggered over to the howitzer, still in the carriage and left alone in the middle of the battlefield with no one to guard it. Its two mules remained still tethered to the gun but turned completely around. He didn't pay attention to the butchered driver lying dead underneath it.
Losing a sufficient amount of blood from his wounds, Gillespie looked over to the rear of the field and saw the second howitzer with dragoons rallying around it. He tried to yell to them, ordering them not to leave this lone howitzer sitting by itself on the battlefield or surely the Mexicans would seize it, but no one heard him.
Gillespie tried to get the mules to move himself, but they would not budge. He felt himself getting weak very fast. He left the lone howitzer and started for the other one. It was there that the troops were rallying with General Kearny, and Lieutenants Warner and Davidson. All three officers sat mounted on top of their horses. The soldiers were eager to launch a counter-charge against the Mexicans. Kearny's officers however, quickly dissuaded the General from putting together another charge.
As if in a bad dream, Gillespie looked around. Dragoons were still flying across the field on their mounts with Mexicans in quick pursuit. Bodies lay everywhere. He could still hear yells and screams amid the sounds of running steeds. Pops crackled through the crisp morning air as scattered gunfire echoed across the battlefield. He could see dragoons using their rifles as clubs as they fought to stay alive. He could hear the clashing of swords and lances.
He looked over at the rocky point and could barely see members of his Volunteer Battalion standing on the heights and firing their muskets down at Californios darting by. Indeed, the command had disintegrated to a point that it "was every man for himself. "
Doctor Griffin then rode up to Gillespie who was staggering alone across the field. Gillespie, his face smeared in blood, and bleeding profusely from wounds all over his body, looked up at the doctor and asked him for help.
With the heat of battle still in progress, the doctor could but tell him what he had told General Kearny and Lieutenant Hammond with their wounds, … to get to the rear. With that said, the brave Doctor Griffin, defying the General's orders to stay to the rear, again rode off into battle.
Suddenly, the doctor found himself being chased by four Californios. Griffin abruptly stopped, and as he was about to be surrounded, he aimed his double-barrel shotgun at them and pulled the trigger only to find that it would not fire due to it needing the flint adjusted. Just the ominous appearance of the shotgun however, was enough to cause the Mexicans to turn and run but not before the doctor threw the broken gun at them in defiance.
Seeing the gun thrown at them, one Mexican decided to return to kill Griffin himself. In desperation, and with no other options available, Griffin pulled his empty pistol from his waist and pointed it at the lone Californio hoping to bluff him. The cabillaro decided not to call the doctor's bluff and rode off in fear of the weapon.
John Cox had already realized they had made a terrible mistake. There were just so many Mexicans coming from so many directions. None of the Californios had run off in fear of the Americans as Carson and Gillespie had told them they would. Instead, it was quite the opposite. The deadly Greyhounds were more ferocious than they could have ever imagined.
John was trying to function without being consumed by fear and terror from the sights and sounds around him. His men were meeting terrible deaths. Silhouettes of death danced all around him in the early morning darkness as the sisters of faith and destiny, looked on.
It was now John's turn to pay the piper. Several Californios converged on the young sergeant. With his guns spent and doing the only thing he could do, he waved his sword in defiance and yelled as he rode to engage them. Without warning, and with what seemed out of nowhere, a rope suddenly fell around him. In but a blink of the eye, the rope was jerked tight, pinning his arms to his body.
John could hear other soldiers coming to his aid just as he was yanked out of the saddle, through the air and, down onto the ground. Lasso'd like a helpless animal, he hit the ground hard, unable to do anything. Hoping he would be saved in the nick of time, he struggled on the ground trying to free his arms. Seconds seemed like minutes. He felt like a trapped animal.
As John's fellow dragoons suddenly arrived to rescue their sergeant, the Mexicans suddenly broke away from him and prepared to take on the other arriving soldiers. In a rush with little time, one Californio on top of his horse rode up to John as he lay on his back. Without any reservation, he thrust his long lance into the helpless soldier.
John's eyes bugged out and for several moments, he couldn't breathe. Pain instantly racked his entire body like a steel grip. The sensation was overwhelming. As if nothing out of the ordinary had happened, the Californio then pulled the lance back out and rode off.
The lance tore through John's skin just above his left hip-bone and entered his abdomen. The ten to twelve-inch lance cut all the way through, tearing his stomach open. The stomach released its gastric contents. His intestines burst out through the wound, exposing it to John's sight. Suddenly, John felt another odd sensation inside his body. It was his stomach filling up with blood.
John couldn't catch his breath. He could feel his uniform becoming warm as it began to soak up blood from his wound. His exposed intestines gave off steam-vapors in the cold morning air. He couldn't believe he had taken a spear.
Fighting shock, losing blood, perhaps he was wondering many thoughts now. If he would now see the Pacific Ocean? Perhaps his mind now flooded with thoughts of Emily.
Captain Gillespie had gone on, making it to the first howitzer. There was still much confusion there because the cannon was ready to fire but no one had any way to light the fuse.
At the same time, more of Gillespie's men were still coming up bringing with them a smaller cannon called the Sutter Gun. Familiar with this cannon, the Volunteers began to set it up to be fired.
At the howitzer, in pure panic and desperation, Lieutenant Warner of the Topographical Engineers took his pistol and shot at the fuse in a vain attempt to set off the cannon. Gillespie yelled for them to add more powder to the charge and then pulled out his cigar match. Half conscious, Gillespie lit the cannon's fuse with it and passed out as the howitzer blasted its contents across the battlefield. The Mexicans were taken back by the powerful artillery boom.
Moments later, Gillespie regained consciousness to see Lieutenant Emory walking up to them with a pack on his back loaded with balls for the howitzer. As an attempt was being made to load the cannon, General Kearny along with Lieutenants Davidson and Warner, continued sitting atop their horses observing the activities. Several other soldiers stood nearby including Captain Henry Smith Turner. He also remained on top of his mount, his uniform cut all over from lances.
The Mexicans were quickly becoming aware that the remaining howitzer might get brought into action. This however, did not scare them in the least. Several Californios then scrambled to get at the other howitzer left abandoned on the field. The stubbornness of one of the two mules attached to the carriage cost him a musket ball in the head.
With no time to play with, the Mexicans quickly cut both mules free from the carriage. They then lasso'd the gun and dragged it across the field.
There, they turned it around to use against the Americans. Although a brilliant attempt by the Mexicans, they quickly found they had no way of using it. They had no ammunition for it, no matches for it, and for Mexican-cowboys, no knowledge of exactly how to load it properly and discharge it even if they could.
By now, the battlefield was starting to clear of the deadly Greyhounds who skirted the field. Half of them were still rallied around the captured howitzer which remained a white elephant.
Several of Gillespie's men managed to get the Sutter Gun loaded with a bag of grape-shot and the fused primer. With the gun aimed at the enemy, Midshipman Duncan discharged a blast of shot onto the battlefield.
The blast reverberated off the mountain walls enclosing the valley. It was an ominous sound to the Californios. Although the grape-shot may have found no targets at all, it was enough to let the Mexicans know it was time to leave. This they did, with the captured howitzer in tow.
Lieutenants' Beale and Rhusau of the Volunteers then took off across the battlefield in pursuit of the Californios along with a small portion of Captain Gibson's company. They stopped at the edge of the field however, and left the Greyhounds in control of the valley floor due west.
The Mexicans rode off into the distance along the main caretta road suddenly leaving the battlefield in an eerie silence. Approximately twenty minutes of war, hell's scourge on mankind, was finally over – at least for the meantime at San Pasqual. In this short time, men who had been alive just an hour before, were now gone for all eternity. Several of the wounded were also about to join them very soon.
The sun slowly rose, perhaps fearful of what it might find over its own horizon this day. The field was littered with dead and wounded men, their bodies among the many carcasses of mules and horses. For a few moments, General Kearny and the small group of Americans could lick their wounds and begin to catch their breath. The silence across the battlefield was loud with thoughts, indeed.
Back on top of San Pasqual Hill, Major Swords and his men, sitting with the supply train were overwhelmed with anxiety and frustration. They had no word yet back from the front. All they had were the haunting sounds that bellowed up from deep within the bowels of the valley floor. They desperately wanted word – had they won? Had they captured the horses? Did they capture the Mexicans? They could do nothing but wait for word.
Back down on the valley floor amid the carnage lay Sergeant John Cox. With his stomach continuing to fill with blood, he began to vomit. In the calm of the moment, his mind swirled with rationalization.
It had all gone so bad, so fast. They simply had no idea this whole affair was going to go like this. It was supposed to have been so simple, so easy. For God's sake, it was just to get some horses, the Mexicans were supposed to have surrendered, …. suppose to have run off in fear. Where did it all go so wrong at?


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Exciting Bamboo Facts
by Rica | Nov 26, 2020 | Bamboo Inspirations, Bamboo News, Blog, Philippine Bamboo | 0 comments
The popularity of bamboo is increasing year after year and many incredible stories are told about this plant. But is it all true what they say about bamboo? Does it really grow 1 meter a day? Does bamboo originate from China? On this page you'll discover all the real facts about bamboo!
1. What is the Origin of the Word "Bamboo"?
The origin of the word Bamboo comes from the Malay word "Mambu". Malay is the national language of Malaysia and Indonesia. In the late 16th century (1590-1600) the Dutch named it "Bamboes" after which it got its Neo-Latin name "Bambusa".
Some claim that the original Malayan word was "Bambu", resembling the sound it makes when bamboo explodes in open fire. When bamboo is heated, the air in the sealed hollow internode chambers will expand and cause an explosive bam-boom sound.
2. Is Bamboo a Tree or a Grass?
Bamboo belongs to the Bambusoideae subfamily of the perennial evergreen grass family Poaceae (Gramineae). It was German Botanist, Charles Kunth, that first published his taxonomic findings in 1815. Of all grasses, bamboo is the largest and the only one that can diversify into forest.
Although bamboo is a grass, many of the larger woody bamboo species are very tree-like in appearance and are often called "bamboo trees". However, there are a few essential differences between grasses and trees.
Bamboos lack a vascular cambium layer and meristem cells at the top of the culm (stem). The vascular cambium is the perpetually growing layer of a tree's trunk beneath the bark that makes a tree increase in diameter each year. The meristem cells make the tree grow taller each year.
Bamboos on the other hand do not increase in diameter or height. A single bamboo culm reaches full height in just one growing season. It then persists for several years, gradually increasing the number of side branches and branchlets, but neither growing broader or taller.
Another important difference is that bamboos don't have a bark as trees do, they have protective leaves around the culm (culm sheaths) in their early stages of development.
3. Where does Bamboo Grow?
Bamboos occur native on 5 continents: Africa, Asia, South America, North America and Australia. In other words, all continents except for Antarctica and Europe have bamboo. Coincidentally, all continents except Antarctica and Europe have diamonds.
Bamboos grow in the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa and Latin America, extending as far north as the southern United States or central China, and as far south as Patagonia. They also grow in northern Australia.
Bamboo is naturally found as secondary vegetation in forests, but in some cases, they are the dominant vegetation type. Such is the case in northeast India where bamboo covers many thousands of square kilometers, and on the mountainsides of eastern Africa.
Bamboos can also tolerate extreme conditions that most plants can't. Some species can grow from sea level to up to 4000 m in the Andes and Himalayas withstanding temperatures well below -20°C.
4. How Many Bamboo Species are There?
The Bambusoideae subfamily consists of both woody and herbaceous bamboos with a total of 1,575 identified species in 111 different genera.
About 100 species are used commercially, of which 20 are identified as priority species for those wishing to start bamboo plantation. Apart from those commercially important species, many attractive ornamental bamboos are grown in nurseries for landscaping purposes.
5. How Fast does Bamboo Grow?
Bamboo comprises of many different species which all have unique growth rates and characteristics. Saying that bamboo grows 1 meter a day is misleading as not all bamboo species grow that fast. Therefore, one should always specify the species.
Having said that, Guinness World Records states that the world record for the fastest growing plant on earth belongs to a certain bamboo species that grows up to 91 cm (35") per day, which is almost 4 cm (1.5") and hour, or at a speed of 0.00003 km/h (0.00002 mph).
These growth rates can be established in shooting season, and when optimal soil and climate conditions are present. The time-lapse video below for example, also mentions a growth rate of up to 1 meter a day for the Chinese Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis). Another bamboo species which has been reported to have incredible fast growth rates is Madake bamboo (Phyllostachys bambusoides).
6. How Tall does Bamboo Grow?
Herbaceous bamboos are usually small and resemble grass and are only a few centimiters tall, while woody bamboos (depending on the species) can grow up to 30 m tall and 20 cm in diameter, hence the reason they are often confused for being "trees". The bamboo species Dendrocalamus sinicus is considered the largest bamboo in the world reaching 40 m in height and 30 cm in diameter.
7. Bamboo Survived Hiroshima
An extraordinary example of bamboo's resilience is the fact that it was the only plant to survive the radiation of the atomic bombings in Hiroshima, Japan in 1945. The incinerating heat destroyed all trees and other plant life, except for one bamboo grove. The grove has since been removed, but culms from the grove are preserved in a museum in Hiroshima.
8. Can Bamboo Conduct Electricity?
Less than a year after he developed the first practical light bulb (1880), Thomas Edison designed a new version that had all the essential features of a modern light bulb; an incandescent filament in an evacuated glass bulb with a screw base.
The most critical factor was finding the right material for the filament, the part inside the light bulb that glows when an electric currant is passed through it. Edison tested more than 1,600 materials, including coconut fiber, fishing line, even hairs from a worker's beard.
Finally, Edison ended up using bamboo fiber for the filament. Edison and his team discovered that carbonized bamboo had the capacity to conduct electrical currant, and that it could last more than 1200 hours, more than any other material at the time.
Researchers have built upon his work and now have discovered that bamboo charcoal is a natural "nano tube" that can conduct electricity as a very thin film disbursed on the surface of a glass or silicon substrate.
9. Is Lucky Bamboo Really Bamboo?
The immensely popular ornamental house plant that is believed to bring positive energy and prosperity for those who place it in house or office, is in fact not a bamboo at all.
Lucky bamboo, which originates from the African continent, is widely cultivated in China and Taiwan and exported worldwide. Unlike real bamboos, lucky bamboo grows very slow at about 10 cm annually. The stalks are usually sold when they are between 10 cm and 100 cm tall.
Although the word 'Bamboo' occurs in this plant's common name, its taxonomic order is totally different from real bamboos. The botanical name for Lucky Bamboo is Dracaena braunii (also known as Dracaena sanderiana).
ABOUT THE BAMBOO BOOTCAMP
** The Bamboo Bootcamp is a Bamboo workshop for anybody with the LOVE and Interest in Bamboo and on a mission for a sustainable ecosystem. Farmers that want to propagate, professionals who want to see its properties as a strong building material, Craftsmen who want to learn how to work with it, Enthusiasts who want to learn of its many uses, Arts & Crafts Lovers who want to learn how to use Bamboo as a medium and Entrepreneurs, LGUs and Business People who can see the opportunity for livelihood. The Bamboo Industry fulfils the 17 Sustainable Goals set forth by the UN, thus allowing participants to indulge in building a better world through Bamboo.
Source: https://www.bambooimport.com/en/facts-about-bamboo


text:
Q: generate dynamic download link with deadline i have some file on my server and want to download this file with one constraint by client.
clients should register until download file that is for past date(e.g more than 9 day).
for this reason, i decided that generate dynamic link to my files same as Rapidshare.com.
how do i this?
I am beginner!
thanks in advance.

A: *

*Create a unique identifier (perhaps a GUID)

*Associate this with a file name for download and an expiration date (in a DB, perhaps)

*Create a page that takes the unique ID as a parameter

*Have this page check the DB for the unique id and ensure it hasn't passed the expiration date

*Send the file to the client, setting Content-Disposition header to attachment (example)


at St. Paul's Church, Paraparaumu.
This concert features the beautiful and sublime Fauré Requiem and will also have three other stunning works. These include Dubois' Les sept paroles du Christ (The last seven words of Christ) sung in English, Stroope's Lamentations of Jeremiah and Joseph Martin's Even the Heavens Are Weeping.
When the Kāpiti Chorale, the Coast's largest community choir, performed Handel's Messiah on 28th November 2010, it helped to celebrate a special anniversary for Peter Averi, New Zealand organist and Life Member of the Chorale. It was sixty years, almost to the day, since he first performed the oratorio, playing the accompaniment on a harmonium.
Since 1950 he has been involved in many performances, either as organist or conductor, which has included playing the organ at the Wellington Town Hall with the Alex Lindsay Orchestra and the National Orchestra, and he recalls many challenges each time the work was staged.
One that stands out was playing a Wurlitzer organ (originally from Auckland's Regent Theatre) for a performance at the Hutt Valley High School with the Hutt Valley Orpheus Society, (now called the Orpheus Choir of Wellington). The Wurlitzer's console was at the stage end of the hall but the pipes were installed in the ceiling over the entrance doors at the back. The choir was placed at the rear of the hall under the organ, which meant that the organist at the other end had to watch the conductor over the heads of the audience. Peter said "it was very nerve-wracking when the audience stood for the Hallelujah chorus because I couldn't see either the choir or the conductor!".
One year, Peter received a frantic phone call from the Wairoa Choral Society. At the last moment, the orchestra booked for their performance withdrew due to a clash of commitments - could he come instead and accompany the performance on a Hammond organ? In the spirit of the show must go on, Peter agreed, driving to Wairoa on the Saturday morning of the performance, and leaving to return at 2.30 am the next morning to be in time to play the organ in Wellington for a broadcast church service. "I was younger and had the energy to do those crazy things then", he said.
Among his happiest memories are the annual performances of the Messiah at St Alban's Church in Pauatahanui. From the organ, he directed a small choir of sixteen voices, mostly well-established soloists in their own right, which often included former members of the National Youth Choir. With a small choir it was possible to adopt a baroque style making the performances memorable occasions.
In 1997 Peter was guest conductor of the Festival Singers of Wellington and with this choir edited the score to include several of the changes which Handel himself made in 1743 for its first performance in London.
Since moving to the Kāpiti area in 1987, Peter has been actively involved with the musical life of the community, appearing regularly with the Kapiti Chorale as accompanist and soloist. Since 1999 he was the music director of Television New Zealand's programme Praise Be.
Peter observes that it is a well-known fact that Handel's Messiah is the most frequently performed oratorio in the western world and that the year would not be complete without a performance of Messiah included somewhere.
In December 2017, Peter became the Patron of the Kāpiti Chorale.


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School Bulletin: The great pumpkin drop
By: Emily McTavish
Posted: Nov 7, 2021 7:31 AM CST | Updated: Nov 8, 2021 12:47 PM CST
MILWAUKEE (CBS 58) -- Now that Halloween is over, leftover pumpkins might be turned into pies. Or dropped from 70-feet up in the air.
Bullen Middle School in Kenosha hosted its second annual pumpkin drop on Friday, Nov. 6 -- much to the delight of 225 students.
"This is our first encounter with physics," Chris Strangberg, an 8th grade science teacher, says. "[The students] are learning everything that we're going to talk about in the next quarter and a half. So we can tie this activity back to every topic we talk about."
The students also learn about budgeting and project management. Strangberg, who started the pumpkin drop last year, says small groups of students first draw up their initial designs to protect their pumpkins. Then the teams are given $5 to spend at the classroom store, which Strangberg stocked with all manner of things -- from boxes to dog leashes. The kids were also allowed to bring one item from home per group for construction.
"Seeing all the different designs and how they're collaborating together has been awesome," Strangberg says.
For grading, Strangberg says the students are asked to consider the mass of their contraption with the pumpkin, whether it lands in the drop zone and the pumpkin's hang time in the air. Fortunately, the survival of the pumpkin doesn't count toward the final grade.
"Some of the parachutes that work well, and they don't drop on the tarp. They actually drift off, which is kind of cool to see," Strangberg says. "But sometimes a lot of fun comes with mess."
Strangberg says the pumpkin drop has turned into a community effort, with Jerry Smith Produce & Pumpkin Farm donating 100 pumpkins, Odd Job Larry transporting them to the school, and Tried & True Tree Care providing the height.
If you know a remarkable student, teacher or school making a difference in our community -- contact CBS 58 to be featured in the next School Bulletin.


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Red hat and rubble: Pope shows love for quake victims, new cardinal says
By Cindy Wooden
|Catholic News Service
Archbishop Giuseppe Petrocchi of L'Aquila, Italy, was one of 14 new cardinals named by Pope Francis May 20. He is pictured after greeting the pope during Mass on the feast of Sts. Peter and Paul in St. Peter's Basilica at the Vatican June 29, 2013. (Credit: CNS photo/Paul Haring.)
VATICAN CITY — For Cardinal-designate Giuseppe Petrocchi of L'Aquila, Italy, Pope Francis's decision to name him a cardinal is a gesture of "concrete charity," a "charity that builds where there was destruction."
Nine years after an earthquake killed 309 people in L'Aquila and left the town center in ruins, destruction and building is something he and the Catholics of the area know well.
In December, the archdiocese finally celebrated the complete reopening of the medieval Basilica of Santa Maria di Collemaggio on the edge of town. Petrocchi, 69, used the occasion to give thanks, but also to launch "a heartfelt appeal to begin work as soon as possible on the cathedral."
The closed, partially collapsed cathedral is in the center of the city, which, despite nine years of work on various buildings, is still largely uninhabited.
Speaking to an online news site May 23, the cardinal-designate said his nomination is meant as a "call to hope when it is tempting to give up and let depression get the upper hand."
"I think that with my nomination," he said, "Pope Francis wanted to give the message that he is here with us, that he is with us as we take the various steps toward the Resurrection, which is not only the reconstruction of what was, but openness to something new that comes from God."
The earthquake, remembering the victims and rebuilding the city are never far from the minds of the cardinal-designate and his people.
In fact, his installation as the archbishop of L'Aquila in July 2013 took place at the end of a pilgrimage, which he began at the former site of a residence for university students. He knelt in prayer before the ruins where eight young adults died when the building collapsed. He moved on to the ruins of the cathedral and of another small church before celebrating Mass in the Basilica of Santa Maria.
Living in and around a city that is a building site is a challenge, but Petrocchi used his 2016 Christmas homily to remind residents of the importance of dedicating a bit of time each day to prayer and to one's family.
"A day is made up of 1,440 minutes; is it really that difficult to set aside at least 15 of them to dedicate to a personal encounter with the Lord," he asked. "A week has 10,080 minutes; it is really that difficult to reserve 60 of them for Sunday Mass?"
And while many people still set aside 30 minutes a day to watch the evening news, the cardinal-designate said he worried that most people don't dedicate that much time to listening to members of their family. He suggested sitting down at least once a week for a "family news" review, a sharing session done without distraction from the television, tablet, computer or telephone.
Petrocchi arrived in L'Aquila after serving for 15 years as the bishop of Latina, a diocese created in 1986 with the merger of three dioceses and part of a fourth. Much of his ministry was devoted to building a sense of unity across the entire territory, and he issued a series of pastoral letters on the theme and provided "Notes for a Catechesis of Communion."
His initiatives culminated with the celebration of the diocesan synod in 2011-2012.
The new cardinal was born in Ascoli Piceno Aug. 19, 1948. He entered the Ascoli Piceno seminary at the age of 17 and completed his high school studies there. The local bishop then sent him to Rome's major seminary, and he earned his degrees in philosophy and theology from the Pontifical Lateran University.
He earned a further degree in philosophy from the State University of Macerata and in psychology from the State University of Rome.
Ordained a priest for the Diocese of Ascoli Piceno in 1973, he served as assistant pastor of a parish and worked in the diocesan youth ministry office for several years. From 1975 to 1985, he was director of the diocesan vocations center and, simultaneously, pastor of a parish.
He also taught at the diocese's theological school for laity, worked in its family counseling service, was involved in the Focolare Movement and taught religion, philosophy and psychology in state-run high schools. From 1991 to 1998, he was editor of the diocesan news bulletin.
St. John Paul II named him bishop of Latina-Terracina-Sezze-Priverno in 1998.
Young people tell bishops of their desire to grow in faith, in the church
Mark Pattison
House Speaker Pelosi to step away from party leadership post
Rhina Guidos
West must act to stop terrorism, Nigerian bishop says at launch of report
Simon Caldwell
Religious sisters among those pushing for loss and damage fund at COP27
Doreen Ajiambo


This entry was posted in Recovery & Support on July 15, 2015 by Platinum.
For many individuals who battle an addiction, drugs or alcohol are often a way of disguising or coping with overwhelming emotions or stressful situations. Some addicts may find that being high or under the influence of drugs or alcohol makes life bearable or minimizes pain, fear, loneliness, and other experiences.
Recovering from addiction and committing to sobriety can be more scary than the reality of dealing with the devastating consequences that come with an addiction to drugs or alcohol. It may in fact be more difficult for some people to race the reality of their lives than to be under the constant influence of a substance.
Releasing this fear of sobriety is an important aspect of recovering from addiction. Working through this fear can bring insight into any underlying issues that may be contributing to the continuation of the addiction behavior.
If you or someone you love has been perpetually stuck in an addictive lifestyle, consider working with a professional counselor or therapist, who can help you process any emotional issues you may be facing that be hidden beneath the addiction.
Learning healthy coping mechanisms is another important part of recovering from addiction. This means learning an alternative, positive, and effective way for handling stressful or overwhelming situations that may come up in your life.
Being better able to cope with difficult experiences or intense emotions can lessen your need to engage in addictive behaviors and increase your desire to achieve and maintain sobriety. These skills can also be encouraged and guided with the help of a professional specialist.
Fear of sobriety can be a legitimate and problematic issue, which often stems from a deep-rooted fear of a more complex situation. There is hope in overcoming any fear you might be experiencing and for moving forward with recovery.
Be sure to reach out to the people who love, care for you, and want to see you progress in your own life. Fear can control your life if you allow it to, but true freedom is found in overcoming these fears.
Have you struggled with a fear of becoming sober? Has this held you back in your addiction recovery? What helped you overcome this fear and move forward with your treatment?


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package mlxy.tumplar.entity;

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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