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Tag Archives: Lois Szabo
Defending Lesbian Moms in YYC
Posted on October 7, 2021 by calgarygayhistory | 4 comments
{The Calgary Gay History Project is revisiting its most impactful blog posts—now numbering in the hundreds—since its inception nine years ago. Defending Lesbian Moms in YYC was initially published on August 25, 2017.}
For decades in Calgary, if you were out as a lesbian and had children, you would likely have them taken away. Therefore the stakes were high for gay women: being a mom was decidedly a good reason for keeping the closet door barricaded shut. Unofficial estimates claim up to 50% of lesbians in the 1960s and 1970s had children through previous heterosexual relationships or marriages. If they were outed, former husbands or even the state itself would intervene to ensure that these "unfit mothers" had their children removed.
Lois Szabo, recently honoured with a park named after her, is a lesbian and also a mother. She was able to work out a child rearing arrangement with her husband privately. Sadly, Lois knew of other lesbians in the 1960s who lost access to their children completely and became utterly broken. One lesbian she knew was institutionalized. Another killed herself slowly through alcoholism.
In fact, it was not until November 21, 1975, when an openly lesbian mother was awarded custody of her child in Canada. In the groundbreaking decision of K. vs. K., Justice D. W. Rowe of the Alberta Provincial Court reasoned that a child's likelihood of becoming gay would not increase solely by being raised by a homosexual parent – contrary to the view widely held in Canadian society. Regrettably, this decision did not set a new legal standard as throughout the 1980s lesbian mothers continued to lose custody battles specifically due to their sexual orientation.
However, the 1975 decision fired up feminist activists to begin challenging the legal bias against lesbians in Canadian courts. In 1978, the first Lesbian Mothers' Defence Fund (LMDF) was started in Toronto, initially through a grant from a local church group and then sustained through private donations.
In Calgary, Lynn Fraser was working at the Calgary Status of Women Action Committee, a job she described as "very low paid but very exciting." Lynn was an unapologetic feminist and activist. She recalled, "I had a big button I always wore that said, 'Lesbian Mother,' which sometimes caused me trouble – but I never backed down."
Lynn had organized Feminist Town Halls in Calgary which included both actions and public speakers. In 1982, the first "Women Reclaim the Night March" was staged in Calgary in conjunction with a talk by Andrea Dworkin, a well-known American anti-pornography activist. Another speaker in the Town Hall series was Francie Wyland, the coordinator at Toronto's LMDF.
Francie Wyland, Dustin Smith, and his mother, Lynn Fraser. Photo: Garth Pritchard, Calgary Herald July 2, 1981.
There was a loose collective interested in starting a LMDF chapter in Calgary after Francie Wyland spoke to the lesbian community in 1981. Lynn met Marilyn Atkinson and her partner Lou at that first gathering featuring Francie. Marilyn also became a key organizer in the collective. As a mother herself, Marilyn volunteered to provide peer support to lesbian mothers and women during any potential custody struggles. The collective was based out of Gay Information Resources Calgary (GIRC) initially.
Lou with Marilyn Atkinson featured in Calgary's Lesbian Publication The Lavender Times on the occasion of their 25th Anniversary.
The LMDF was a low-budget, grass roots organization. Pot-luck suppers and community dances were its primary source of funding. In 1982, two Calgary lesbians took pledges to cycle across the county to raise money for the LMDF. It took them four months, but they made it to St. John's that summer after starting in Vancouver.
In 1983, the father of Lynn's son, Dustin, started making noises about challenging her for custody of their child. That mobilized Lynn to call Francie in Toronto for LMDF advice. Beltline lawyer, Neva Ramsay, volunteered to do the incorporation papers for the local chapter and on April 21st, 1983, the Lesbian Mothers Defence Fund Society of Alberta was born. Dustin's father backed off.
There was a lively social scene with Calgary's LMDF, which moved out of GIRC into their own office at the Old Y. The potlucks and dances would even attract lesbians without children! A bonus to the socializing was that their children got to play with other kids who had lesbian moms, making their family structures seem much more commonplace.
The Lavender Times, November 1987
The LMDF offered information, support, referrals to lawyers, and financial help to lesbian mothers struggling to keep or win custody of their children. The advice in child custody cases included: going to court is the last resort; do not leave your children behind; beware of ex-husbands kidnapping your kids. The LMDF also advocated for social change in the judicial system, proclaiming that the straight court system failed lesbians.
Lynn recalls: "It was an exciting time to get your voice out there and be heard. There was so much misinformation and so much fear—it seemed like almost everybody was in the closet."
As the LMDF developed, Marilyn was hired to organize lesbian conferences which she remembered proved quite popular: "Women came from everywhere to attend." The first conference in 1985, was funded by the local lesbian community itself. When the conferences began to attract public funding, protests were heard.
Maureen Buruill, a lobbyist with REAL Women of Canada in January 1987 wrote an editorial in the Calgary Herald complaining about her own organization's lack of funding:
"Women's groups across Canada receive funding from the Secretary of State's Women's Program. One example was a grant to the Calgary Lesbian Mothers Defence Fund to set up a "lesbian-gay" workshop collective. This organization also received a grant to arrange a lesbian conference. Why is our tax money given to these groups and refused to a group seeking to preserve family values?"
Despite the social conservative yowling, the legal system evolved to have less bias against lesbian mothers. Consequently, the LMDF's activities morphed into helping lesbians get pregnant – initially by connecting donors to mothers but also by running sperm! It was not until 1992 that artificial insemination in hospitals became legally available to single and unmarried women, including lesbians in Calgary. The LMDF then began fundraising for artificial insemination in doctor's offices and stopped running sperm themselves. Several babies were born from the LMDF's sustained efforts.
In 1992, the society changed its name to the Lesbian Mothers Support Society to better reflect its efforts and developed a notable online presence. It also was active in advocating Provincially for adoption rights for the partners of lesbian mothers. The society wound down its operations in 2002. However, in its 21 years of history, the LMDF made a huge difference: defending lesbian mothers and moving social justice forward in Calgary.
Posted in Gay history
Tagged Andrea Dworkin, bisexual, Calgary Herald, Calgary Pride, Calgary Status of Women Action Committee, CSWAC, D. W. Rowe, Feminist Town Hall, Francie Wyland, gay, GIRC, Lavender Times, lesbian, Lesbian Mothers Support Society, Lesbian Mothers' Defence Fund, LMDF, Lois Szabo, Lynn Fraser, Marilyn Atkinson, queer, REAL Women, transgender
Lois Szabo Commons Open!
Posted on July 22, 2021 by calgarygayhistory | 1 comment
Lois Szabo Commons officially opened yesterday, and although we could not be there, we hungrily read the press and social media accounts of the park's launch. The honour is well-deserved.
Lois with friends and family at the Park's dedication ceremony. Photo: Marlene Hielema via Facebook.
Lois told me she received so many hugs from the assembled crowd that it may have counteracted her pandemic's hug deficit! She was particularly chuffed to get a hug from Mayor Naheed Nenshi (two of them apparently).
Here is a media round-up!
City of Calgary Press Release
CBC: Beltline park opens to honour Lois Szabo, Calgary LGBTQ leader
660 News: Lois Szabo Commons opens, recognizes prominent leader in Calgary's LGBTQ2S+ community
Global News: New Beltline community space named after Calgary LGBTQ2S+ leader opens
Calgary Sun: New Beltline park commemorates LGBTQ2S+ community leader Lois Szabo
Calgary Herald: New park in the Beltline commemorates local LGBTQ2S+ community leader Lois Szabo
Although the media accounts are similar, they each have a different photo of Lois! {My favourite is the Calgary Herald's below}
A crowd gathered today to celebrate the opening of a new park in the Beltline that's been named to commemorate Lois Szabo, one of the founders of Calgary's first gay club, Club Carousel, which opened in 1970.#yychttps://t.co/RHeCX8N23A
— Stephanie Babych (@BabychStephanie) July 22, 2021
Lois Szabo Commons opens this week (corner of 9 St & 16 Ave SW) in honor of the last surviving founder of Club Carousel (YYC's first gay club – 1970) a tireless organizer, volunteer, & member of the 2SLGBTQ+ community, Lois Szabo
Learn More:@yycgayhistory https://t.co/toy3eMVUgD pic.twitter.com/b8qSlDto0e
— Calgary Pride (@CalgaryPride) July 21, 2021
A post shared by One Voice Chorus Calgary (@ovccalgary)
What an honour to help open Lois Szabo Commons today with @nenshi and Lois herself.
Lois Szabo Commons is located at 16 Ave and 9 St SW #yyc #calgary pic.twitter.com/4m5r8BIFU4
— Evan Woolley (@EWoolleyWard8) July 21, 2021
Today was a super day for my girl. While she was at camp playing Dene hand games, the Lois Szabo Commons park opened! We headed over to see it. #LGBTQ2IA+ #yyc #Calgary pic.twitter.com/2PhS9nHT0U
— Native Calgarian Podcast she/her/cis (@N8V_Calgarian) July 22, 2021
Mayor Nenshi along with Lois Szabo herself officially open Lois Szabo Commons, a space in the beltline. Szabo, a prominent voice and advocate of the LGBTQ2S+ community. Nenshi hopes at more spaces in the future are named after community builders. #yyc @660NEWS @citynewscalgary pic.twitter.com/Cti4Ho6Yyy
— Nick Blakeney (@CameraGuyNick) July 21, 2021
Congratulations Lois and thank you City of Calgary!
Tagged 660 News, bisexual, Calgary, Calgary Herald, Calgary Pride, Calgary Sun, CBC, City of Calgary, Club Carousel, Evan Woolley, gay, Gay history, Global TV, human-rights, lesbian, Lois Szabo, Lois Szabo Commons, Naheed Nenshi, One Voice Chorus, queer, transgender
Lois Szabo Commons
Posted on June 3, 2021 by calgarygayhistory | 3 comments
Calgary Mayor Naheed Nenshi announced Monday the creation of a new park in the Beltline: the Lois Szabo Commons. Lois is well known to many in the LGBTQ2 community as a tireless volunteer and one of the founders of Calgary's early gay institution, Club Carousel, in 1970.
The park was one of six newly named parks in celebration of Calgary's 125th anniversary. One Voice Chorus' Jasmine Ing coordinated Lois' nomination with support from Kevin Allen and the Calgary Gay History Project.
Lois in the Club Carousel space in 2019: Source: Global News
Lois watched the announcement on a livestream of the City Council meeting and was very moved. She said: "I'm really pleased—and not just for me—but for the recognition of the entire community. It's great we can have a park to sit in and be recognized; it does my heart good. I'm sorry some of the other Club members are not around to share this, particularly Jack.* It's a community park; it's not just about me!"
In the nomination package, we wrote:
"For more than 50 years, Lois has been a leader and organizer of Calgary's LGBTQ2 community. Lois is the last surviving founder of Club Carousel – Calgary's first gay club, incorporated in March 1970 – despite Calgary Police opposition. She was one of five individuals who dared to sign the club's incorporation papers when homophobia and discrimination were the norms in Calgary, and few would sign on the dotted line.
Lois at Club Carousel in 1972 with a little pomp!
She also rolled up her sleeves and became the Club's most dedicated volunteer. Lois was instrumental in organizing expanded Club programming including, camping trips, motorcycle rides, holiday capers, and more. Furthermore, the Club saved people's lives by creating the City's first truly safe space. Lois leant a sympathetic ear to LGBTQ2 Calgarians in distress—likely averting many suicides—pushing back against the tide of our community's despair. The Club became the locus of early gay rights activism in Calgary. Moreover, it seeded sister clubs in Edmonton, Saskatoon, Regina, and Winnipeg, creating a regional human rights network.
Since 1970, Lois has maintained connections to and volunteered for dozens of LGBTQ2 organizations. Even in her 80s, she shows up to most community events today and is well known to many; she is proud to share our community's history. Lois was given the 2015 Chinook Fund Hero Award and was the 2017 Calgary Pride Parade Grand Marshall—recognition well deserved."
The Lois Szabo Commons is under construction and will be completed later this summer at the corner of 9 St and 16 Ave SW in the Beltline.
The Lois Szabo Commons under construction
Congratulations Lois!
*Jack Loenen was another Club Carousel founder and volunteer who is now deceased. In 1976, Jack also helped found Calgary's oldest extant gay organization, the Imperial Sovereign Court of the Chinook Arch.
Tagged Beltline, bisexual, Calgary Police, Club Carousel, gay, Global TV, Imperial Court of the Sovereign Chinook Arch, Jack Loenen, Jasmine Ing, lesbian, Lois Szabo, Lois Szabo Commons, Naheed Nenshi, One Voice Chorus, queer, transgender


It's when your IT support company or internal support team has to step in that your IT support process comes into its own. It'll help you identify repeat problems, spot gaps in your support provision, determine which individuals are affected and understand how well you're working with your support company.
If your IT support process is workable, it'll encourage you to keep accurate, up-to-date records. It's easy to slip into panic mode when problems occur – yet stepping through an agreed process will help you focus on root causes and reduce future problems.
No matter what size your business is, it's important someone – usually a named contact – has responsibility for handling IT support requests (larger businesses often have more than one contact, or even a whole department).
Your staff should know who to call or ask for help in the event of a problem. If you run a small company, you can probably have a single person who responds to emails, phone calls and shouts of despair across the office. With more staff you may need a generic email address or online reporting tool to manage requests more formally.
You also need a way to record and track each individual IT support request. Many businesses rely on a simple spreadsheet. While this can be useful, it gets hard to follow if you have lots of requests to track. It also makes it harder to prioritise how problems are fixed.
A good alternative is an IT helpdesk system. This is a software tool which gives you a platform for managing problems.
This kind of system can help you provide IT support efficiently and fairly. You can swiftly identify problems you can solve yourself, then prioritise and pass more complex problems on to your IT support company. Instead of serving the person with the loudest voice, you'll be able to address problems in order of need.
Depending on the complexity of the software, you might also be able to integrate your IT inventory information so you can check the configuration and software of affected devices at a glance.
Build feedback to the end user into your IT support process too. It's incredibly frustrating when you're kept in the dark about when a problem will be fixed, especially if it's holding up your work.
Many service desk systems let people log in and see the status of their support request instantly. A simpler approach is to send manual emails to keep people informed. Using an automated tool makes it easier to deal with lots of people and requests, but smaller businesses can probably manage with a more informal communication process.
If your business does rely on an external supplier for IT support, always consult them before implementing a service desk system or new IT support process. It's important the IT support process you follow in your business feeds smoothly into how they handle support requests.
Some suppliers will have tools you can use – others may prefer you to pass support requests on in a particular format.
Finally, make sure you have a way of tracking how long it takes your support company to respond and solve each problem. This is especially important if you have a service level agreement in place with your IT support company, because you can easily see if they're meeting its terms.
IT support is a necessary requirement for keeping users productive. Whatever approach you take to keeping IT assets up-to-date and working properly – from in-house IT staff or outsourced service desk, from single tool through to complete systems management – making sure that everyone knows the processes involved is essential. By keeping everything and everyone up-to-date, the whole business benefits.


ROCK HILL, South Carolina – May 2, 2014 – 3D Systems (NYSE:DDD) announced today that CEO Avi Reichental will be speaking at the Motion Picture Association of America's (MPAA) Creativity Conference in Washington, D.C. on May 2. The "Creativity Conference" is hosted in partnership by the MPAA, Microsoft and ABC News, and convenes leaders in entertainment, politics, technology, media and government to discuss how creativity is impacting technology breakthroughs and the American economy.
At the conference Reichental will deliver a keynote on the role of 3D printing in the entertainment industry today and what the future could look like for connected digital-to-physical story telling. Other speakers at the conference include Vice President Joseph R. Biden Jr.; Amy Powell, President of Paramount Television, Insurge Pictures & Digital Entertainment; and Lisa Rawlins, Vice President Public Affairs at Warner Bros. Entertainment; Sean Bailey, President of Walt Disney Studios Motion Picture Production; and Morgan Spurlock, documentary filmmaker. The conference will be live-streamed on ABC.com.
3DS' Gentle Giant Studios uses 3D perceptual design, scanning and printing tools to bring entertainment creativity to manufacturing reality.
Today, 3DS' design, scanning and 3D printing technologies are widely used for visual effects (VFX) to scan actors, props and locations, populating the virtual worlds that filmmakers' create for blockbuster films. 3D printing is becoming a crucial element for manufacturing authentic assets (collectible figurines), such as 3DS' 3DMe application, to the US and world markets as consumer products for the multi-billion dollar entertainment merchandising industry.


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Önay Dogan, Betül and Derya Gül Ünlü, editors. Handbook of Research on Examining Cultural Policies Through Digital Communication. IGI Global, 2019. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6998-5
Önay Dogan, B., & Gül Ünlü, D. (Eds.). (2019). Handbook of Research on Examining Cultural Policies Through Digital Communication. IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6998-5
Önay Dogan, Betül, and Derya Gül Ünlü, eds. Handbook of Research on Examining Cultural Policies Through Digital Communication. Hershey, PA: IGI Global, 2019. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6998-5
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Culture is one of the most important elements for explaining individuals' behaviors within the social structure. It meets the various social needs of members of a society by directing how individuals must react to various events and how to act in specific circumstances. A planned and systematic process is required for disseminating this cultural accumulation as a policy, which is produced collectively by all members within their everyday life practices.
The Handbook of Research on Examining Cultural Policies Through Digital Communication provides emerging research on this aspect of cultural policy, which is formed within the framework of this systematic process in a strategic manner and can be defined as various activities of the state intended for art, human sciences, and cultural inheritance. Creating such cultural policies involves the establishment of measures and organizations required for the development of each individual, providing economic and social facilities, all of which are actions intended for directing society. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics such as long-distance education, digital citizenship, and public diplomacy, this book is ideally designed for academicians, researchers, advanced-level students, sociologists, international and national organizations, and government officials.
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Knut Getz Wold (3 August 1915 – 9 October 1987) was a Norwegian economist and civil servant, who served as the governor of the Central Bank of Norway from 1970 to 1985.

He was born in Verdal in Nord-Trøndelag, as a son of district physician Trygve Wold (1879–1939) and Anna Ella Getz (1893–1960). He graduated from the University of Oslo with cand.oecon. degree in 1939. As a young man he became a member of the Norwegian Association for Women's Rights. He lost his brother Torolf during the Norwegian Campaign on 4 May 1940.

He started working with research at the university, and studied further at Stockholm College in 1940. In 1941 he started working for the Ministry of Finance-in-exile in the United Kingdom. From July 1947 to March 1948 he served as a State Secretary in the Ministry of Social Affairs. Wold represented the Liberal Party, and Gerhardsen's Second Cabinet in which he was appointed was a Labour cabinet. This discrepancy is very uncommon in Norwegian history.

In 1948 he returned to the civil servant role when he became deputy under-secretary of state in the Ministry of Trade. In his diaries he described the Ministry of Trade as "not [...] a ministry, but a Brain Trust of young economists". He remained there until 1958, when former Minister of Trade Erik Brofoss, who now had become governor of the Central Bank of Norway, appointed Wold as deputy governor. Wold was the unquestionable successor as governor when Brofoss withdrew in 1970. In 1985, the year of his seventieth birthday, Wold stepped down and was succeeded by Hermod Skånland.

Wold was also a consultant for the Norwegian Nobel Committee from 1946 to 1958, financial commentator in Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation radio from 1948 to 1970, chairman of Statsøkonomisk Forening from 1963 to 1968, board chairman of Dagbladet from 1970 to 1974 and board member of Alcan Aluminium from 1967 to 1971. He was appointed a Commander of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav in 1975, a Commander of the Danish Order of the Dannebrog and a Grand Knight of the Icelandic Order of the Falcon. He died in October 1987 in Oslo.

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Norwegian civil servants
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Norwegian state secretaries
NRK people
Norwegian diarists
Grand Knights of the Order of the Falcon
People from Verdal
Commanders of the Order of the Dannebrog
20th-century Norwegian writers
20th-century  Norwegian  economists
Norwegian Association for Women's Rights people
20th-century diarists

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Still hurting from the injuries sustained to her heart after a very ugly divorce, Adrienne Carter leaves her heartache behind in Chicago and travels to Southern Florida where she finds and buys a dilapidated old home not far from the sunny beach. She begins the rehabilitation project on the house and finds, in the attic, an old box filled with letters, tied with one lavender ribbon. The letters were written during WWII by an army paratrooper to his lady love, a girl who lived in Adrienne's house more than 50 years ago. The letters are so beautifully written, so heart wrenching and poetic, that Adrienne finds herself obsessed with finding the writer of these emotional epistolaries, William Bryant.
Ultimately, the book is about love and romance. Adrienne meets William and his grandson Will and her life is changed.
I truly enjoyed this lovely little book. I found that I could relate to Adrienne's obsession and all the things she did and didn't do to see them through to their conclusion. I, too, am very obsessed when I get an idea into my head and I just can't let it go. When Adrienne found herself at the wrong end of Will's ire (more than once) I thought, I feel you girl. My husband is forever telling me to "let it go", when I get stuck on something like Adrienne got stuck on the idea of William Bryant. That relatability is what me like Adrienne so much.
This story is very sweet! I will admit that very little of the overall plot was a surprise to me. I could see each twist and curve coming long before it arrived. HOWEVER, that didn't stop me from enjoying the story.
I would recommend this book to anyone who enjoys a heart warming romance story.


The pier at Redondo Beach has been something I have managed to miss for many years. My family discovered its allure during a stay at the lovely Portofino Hotel & Yacht Club. As part of the Noble House family of resorts, the PH&YC offers a boutique luxury vibe on a quiet edge of the Redondo King Harbor.
Our adjoining rooms were nicely appointed, with an obvious refurbishment of the bathrooms. Indeed, the entire complex has recently benefited from an $11 million upgrade. Looking out over the breakwall from our porch, the sea lions and gulls were comfortably at home and we felt likewise.
The magnificent lobby was decked out in holiday trimming, with the fireplace crackling away. We sat for several hours, enjoying the free WiFi and challenging each other to our usual rounds of backgammon, poker and Hive.
Once the PH&YC bellman ensured a proper fit of our bike seats , the free use of beach cruisers sent us north to Hermosa Beach and south to the Redondo Pier. We then enjoyed some clam chowder and sightseeing while wandering the multi-pronged pier. We also enjoyed the wonderfully improbable opportunity to ice skate on the beach. Nothing like sunny skies, T-shirts, a beach and …ice skates.
Back at PH&YC, we dined at their signature restaurant BALEEN. With a tasteful and eclectic menu, we enjoyed an array of flavors.
Executive Chef Daniel Roberts has assembled a fine menu. The crab cake starter was pleasantly lumpy. The Scottish salmon entrée had a light yuzu buerre blanc. The kobe flat iron steak was tender and flavorful, although it initially arrived undercooked. The trepidation of our girls around the idea of truffles was diffused once they tried the shoestring fries drizzled lightly with truffle oil and garlic.
Breakfast the next morning was downstairs at marina level, overlooking plenty of yachts. The stack of blueberry pancakes was covered in a tasty blueberry syrup, and the eggs benedict included a lightly tart Hollandaise sauce.
The service throughout the PH&YC was efficient and friendly. It is a quiet getaway only a stone's throw from Los Angeles.


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Substance P in the medial amygdala: Emotional stress-sensitive release and modulation of anxiety-related behavior in rats
Karl Ebner, Nadia M. Rupniak, Alois Saria, and Nicolas Singewald
*Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; ‡Division of Neurochemistry, Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; and †Clinical Neuroscience, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486
PNAS March 23, 2004 101 (12) 4280-4285; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0400794101
Karl Ebner
Nadia M. Rupniak
Alois Saria
Nicolas Singewald
Communicated by Tomas Hökfelt, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, February 4, 2004 (received for review November 21, 2003)
Increasing evidence implicates the substance P (SP)/neurokinin-1 receptor system in anxiety and depression. However, it is not known whether emotional stimulation alters endogenous extracellular SP levels in brain areas important for processing of anxiety and mood, a prerequisite for a contribution of this neuropeptide system in modulating these behaviors. Therefore, we examined in rats whether the release of SP is sensitive to emotional stressors in distinct subregions of the amygdala, a key area in processing of emotions. By using in vivo micropush–pull superfusion and microdialysis techniques, we found a pronounced and long-lasting increase (150%) in SP release in the medial nucleus of the amygdala (MeA), but not in the central nucleus of the amygdala, in response to immobilization stress. SP release in the MeA was transiently enhanced (40%) in response to elevated platform exposure, which is regarded as a mild emotional stressor. Immobilization enhanced the anxiety-related behavior evaluated in the subsequently performed elevated plus-maze test. Bilateral microinjections of the neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist [2-cyclopropoxy-5-(5-(trifluoromethyl)tetrazol-1-yl)benzyl]-(2-phenylpiperidin-3-yl)amine into the MeA blocked the stress-induced anxiogenic-like effect, supporting a functional significance of enhanced SP release. In unstressed rats, the neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist displayed no significant anxiolytic effect but reversed the anxiogenic effect of SP microinjected into the MeA. Our findings identify the MeA as a critical brain area for the involvement of SP transmission in anxiety responses and as a putative site of action for the recently discovered therapeutic effects of SP antagonists in the treatment of stress-related disorders.
↵§ To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Peter Mayr-Strasse1, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. E-mail: nicolas.singewald{at}uibk.ac.at.
Abbreviations: SP, substance P; NK1, neurokinin-1; MeA, medial nucleus of the amygdala; CeA, central nucleus of the amygdala; EPM, elevated plus-maze; aCSF, artificial cerebrospinal fluid.
Received November 21, 2003.
Copyright © 2004, The National Academy of Sciences
You are going to email the following Substance P in the medial amygdala: Emotional stress-sensitive release and modulation of anxiety-related behavior in rats
Karl Ebner, Nadia M. Rupniak, Alois Saria, Nicolas Singewald
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Mar 2004, 101 (12) 4280-4285; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0400794101


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POSTS Mattress When it comes to sleep surfaces, how long do mattresses typically last?
When it comes to sleep surfaces, how long do mattresses typically last?
02:57, Saturday 21/01/2023 - Pro Reviewer I have 5 years of experience in blogging...
1, The Average Mattress Lifespan
1.1, Lifespan, Durability, and How Long You Can Expect Your Mattress to Last
2, Is There a Particular Type of Mattress That Is More Durable?
2.1, Latex
2.2, Comfortable Foam With a Recalling Memory
2.3, Innersprings
2.4, Futons
2.5, Airbeds
2.6, Hybrid
3, 5 Solutions for an Outdated Mattress
Even very old mattresses pose little risk to your health. Not only can you have trouble sleeping due to tossing and turning, but you also risk these health problems. Accordingly, it's a great idea to get a new mattress every few years.
The Average Mattress Lifespan
According to Consumer Reports, a properly cared-for mattress should last for at least 10 years. According to the BSC (Better Sleep Council), a mattress should be replaced after 7 years.
Presently, many mattress producers provide 10-year guarantees. Even longer guarantees are available from some companies (twenty or more years). However, it is crucial to remember that the lifespan of a mattress and the length of its warranty are two entirely separate concepts.
Insight into the length of time a mattress lasts versus how long a warranty covers it is crucial. The usefulness and comfort of a mattress are measured in terms of its lifespan. Those looking to purchase a mattress should know that the warranty does not last forever. Commonly, the lifespan of a mattress is shorter than the duration of its warranty.
It's important to distinguish between the two kinds of warranties in order to grasp the concept of warranty duration:
With a prorated warranty, you'll pay for a fraction of the total price of repairs or replacements.
Coverage under this warranty is non-prorated, so if your mattress breaks down, you won't have to pay to get it fixed. However, you are responsible for all associated fees, such as those associated with transport and inspection. Non-prorated coverage is common in mattress warranties that are 10 years or less in length.
People over the age of 40 may need a new mattress every 5–7 years because their bodies can no longer take as much pressure.
Lifespan, Durability, and How Long You Can Expect Your Mattress to Last
When discussing the typical age of a mattress, it's also crucial to make a distinction between the terms "mattress durability," "mattress lifespan," and "mattress longevity."
The durability of a mattress is measured by how well it holds together and resists wear and tear. Strength in the face of stress or force is the primary determinant of durability.
Lifespan and longevity are practically synonymous. Mattress durability and longevity are key terms in this context. Simply put, a mattress's lifespan is the amount of time that it provides the same level of initial comfort and support. The age of a mattress is dependent on a number of factors. Use, care, production quality, and material are all aspects that fall under this category.
How True Is It That Every Decade (or So) A Mattress Doubles in Weight?
A certain George Takei caused a stir on Facebook in March 2015 with a post he made. Dust mite droppings and mites, it was claimed in the post, double a mattress's weight after 10 years. And so, the question becomes, fiction or reality?
As for the veracity of these assertions, they are not supported by evidence. That's why it's still just a story for the time being.
Mattresses don't get heavier with use; rather, they fill up with your body weight. Mattresses accumulate a wide variety of minute substances, not just the sweat, oil, and flakes we secrete while we sleep. Dust mites, which can only be smelled and seen with a microscope, are commonly found in mattresses, especially older ones. Mites typically feast on the flakes of skin we shed while we sleep.
Despite the fact that mattresses tend to collect a wide variety of substances over time, there is no evidence (credible or not) to support the claims that they gain twice their initial weight.
Is There a Particular Type of Mattress That Is More Durable?
Is the quality of a mattress correlated with how long it lasts? How much of an impact does the mattress type you pick have on how long it will last? Could there possibly be a connection between them?
Mattress quality and durability do have a close relationship.
The latex variety of mattresses currently on the market is the longest lasting option. It is estimated that the average latex mattress will last between 6 and 10 years. Of the two types, the all-latex ones outlast their hybrid counterparts in terms of durability.
Latex mattresses are not only durable, but also have a special feel that manages to strike the ideal balance between softness, firmness, and shape retention. These mattresses offer enticing variety in both firmness and style. Conformability, natural bounce, and temperature regulation are three additional selling points.
Comfortable Foam With a Recalling Memory
The durability of these mattresses is about average. Wear and tear occurs naturally with age and use. They lose their toughness as they soften. Body impression and sagging can form as a result of this. All of these things are detrimental to ease and support. Less people have problems with body impressions or sagging on these mattresses than on others, especially innerspring mattresses.
In normal, every day use, a memory foam mattress will last between seven and ten years on the average. The need for periodic reversal
Innersprings
Traditional innerspring mattresses have springs that are attached to wooden frames and then covered in fabric. Innerspring mattresses provide that much-desired extra bounce to your bed, but they can sag over time. Since innersprings tend to sag and form body impressions, they don't last as long as other types of springs.
Sagging has devastating physical effects. A mattress protector can greatly improve your sleeping experience, but you should still take precautions because dust mites can hide in the cracks of an innerspring mattress.
Innersprings have an average lifespan of eight years with regular care and servicing.
Beds modeled after Japan's traditional tatami mat flooring are commonly referred to as futons in the business. Nonetheless, western-style futons vary from their Japanese counterparts in a number of key ways. In the US, for instance, futon mattresses typically have innerspring constructions.
Like air mattresses, futons tend to wear out quickly. Futons made with foam or an innerspring system may have a longer lifespan than those made with materials like cotton.
The durability of airbeds is based on their mechanics, construction, and design. Airbeds, in contrast to traditional mattresses, are mechanical in nature. The convenience and durability of these mattresses can be compromised by malfunctioning air pumps and air leaks. Things like these have a major, negative impact on how long airbed mattresses last.
The support core of a hybrid mattress is made up of pocket coils, similar to those found in innerspring mattresses, while the comfort layer is made of latex foam or memory foam. Their shorter lifespan is due to the fact that they degrade more quickly than other mattress materials.
On average, high-quality hybrids have a life span of 6 years. The durability of your mattress and its polyfoam core depends on how you use it.
Is It True That Firm Mattresses Have A Longer Lifespan?
When comparing the lifespan of different mattress types, firmer ones typically last longer. Lower firmness settings, particularly in innerspring mattresses, lead to earlier indentation and sagging in the mattress. Stronger ones are better able to resist this kind of degradation, so they typically last much longer.
5 Solutions for an Outdated Mattress
We found that their average lifespan is 7-10 years when considering the aforementioned factors. What do you do with the old one when it has served its purpose and been replaced?
Recycling can be an option for getting rid of an old bed. There are two routes you can take to repurpose your old mattress:
Visiting a mattress recycling center As we established before, prices are not constant.
It's also possible (and cheaper) to simply dispose of the mattress in one of the many recycling bins that can be found in close proximity to most major shopping centers and neighborhoods. All that needs to be done is to disassemble the mattress into its constituent parts, sort them into piles, and then place them in the appropriate bins.
There are other options for getting rid of an old mattress besides recycling.
Donate - Donating your old mattress is a great way to keep it out of landfills. Unbelievably, there are always a lot of people on the lookout for free mattresses. Find out if anyone you know or know of could use a mattress by asking around to friends, coworkers, or family. The number of possible recipients is, without a doubt, infinite. The Freecycle Network and similar groups allow men to offer up their unused goods to others. You can even have your used or unused mattress professionally cleaned if you have the time or resources to do so. In addition to places like Goodwill and the Salvation Army, you can donate your old mattress to the government.
Think about selling it if you'd like to make some extra cash and spare the landfills the mattress you no longer use. Mattresses that are going to be sold should be cleaned by a professional before listing them for sale. Depending on the level of service you select, this will cost you between and . Brand, hardness rating, and selling price are all relevant pieces of information to include when describing the item you're getting rid of.
You might want to try your hand at making some art. The mattress can be used as a canvas for a creative endeavor, which is one way to recycle it. In its entirety or in parts, it can serve many purposes. Right now is your chance to flaunt your artistic prowess before the entire world. In fact, there are groups that actively encourage the reuse and recycling of green-themed design competition entries. This contest, for instance, is meant to inspire creatives to find novel uses for old mattresses that would otherwise be destined for the garbage.
Terry Cralle is the image's creator.
Donate to animal shelters - Are you aware that old mattresses can be useful in more ways than one? Donating used mattresses to local animal shelters is also a great idea. They are useful as resting places for animals while they are awaiting adoption or rescue. Donating one requires a thorough cleaning, which you can do yourself or have a professional do.
To make a play area for kids (if you have any) They'll have a wonderful place to play if you donate your old mattress. If you can't afford to buy your kids the trampolines they've been begging for, consider using old mattresses instead. When it comes to reusing a mattress for anything other than sleeping, like in many of the examples above, it's best to have it cleaned by a professional first.
The Final Word on Mattress Disposal (Now Fully Updated for 2023)


Tools for the Modern Domestic Engineer: recipes, home-making tips, and craft tutorials.
Another year is coming to an end, and it's time to reflect on what I've accomplished.
I've struggled with routine this year, procrastinating and finding busy things to do, and not spending enough time sewing, crafting and making things happen. I've had a good year, but not a great year. I'm aware of what I'm not doing well, and am slowly putting into place routines and measures to keep me on track. But more of that for another day.
5. Elsa Costume Tutorial – Not surprising with just how big the Frozen phenomenon has been this year.
4. Ultimate Guide to Lego Storage – I'm not the only one with the problem of Lego slowly taking over the house!
3. Advent calendar craft-along ideas – one of my favourite craft projects for the year!
2. How to sew a stuffed snail – who knew cuddly snails could be so popular (and I love how this one turned out!).
1. 35+ Disney Frozen crafts – what can you say!
The above were the popular posts that I wrote this year. There are a few other posts in my archives from years gone by that still get lots of page views.
How to sew a tutu in an hour – I still love how my daughter's tutus look and they are so easy to make!
Felt play mat house tutorial – the felt play mat that folds into a house doesn't get used as much, but my son still pulls it out to drive his cars around, almost 4 years after I first made it. Definitely worth the time to make it!
Quilt as you go puff quilt – I made this one for my Mum. I really need to make another one for myself (in prettier colours!).
Flat teddy pattern and tutorial – this is my go-to present for baby showers, and I always get reports back of how much flat teddy is loved.
Chicken fajitas – time to make another batch for our next camping trip!
Aside from the above, two projects I really enjoyed making and am quite proud of are the Elsa Ice Palace Cake and Woooie Hobby Horse/Unicorn.
The craft posts are the most fun to write, and are the most popular. Time to start planning more for the new year!
What would you like to see more of in 2015?


McKinney Boyd's win plopped it right back in the playoff picture Friday, as McKinney North rebounded with a big victory. McKinney, though, fell to 0-2 in district play with five games left.
We speak this fine October with three defenders who stood out in Week 6: Boyd linebacker Braydon Webb, McKinney linebacker Andy Mills and McKinney North cornerback Jamarrius Hill.
On Thursday, the Bulldogs (4-1, 1-1) quickly showed they'd moved past the Wylie East loss, jumping on Prosper, 24-0, almost before the popcorn got cold. From there, North rolled to a 46-18 victory.
North cornerback Jamarrius Hill is turning heads as a first-year starter.
North running backs Micah Baulicex and K.J. Hart 1-2-punched their way to 250 rushing yards and defensive backs McShane Wyatt, Nathan Gifford and Jamarrius Hill each claimed interceptions. Brennan Harris led Bulldog receivers for the third time this year with a game-high 87 yards on 10 catches. Quarterback Christian Files hit on 19-of-28 passes for 196 yards with no interceptions and linebacker Khalil Lewis led North tacklers with 12 stops.
Sam Ashun's 28-yard field goal in the first quarter boosted North's lead to 10-0.
The Bulldogs face Lovejoy (4-1, 2-0) Friday, a team coming off a 45-14 rout of winless Sherman. (OK, officially, Sherman is 1-4, having been awarded a Week 2 "win" for Sulphur Springs' ineligible player.) Lovejoy talk starts with senior quarterback Bowman Sells, who put up nearly 300 yards passing and four touchdowns on Friday – or, another day at the office for the Houston Cougars pledge.
The Leopards stacked over 500 total yards against Sherman, with nine receivers and nine rushers taking part. Aaron Fuller, a Washington Huskies commit, led Lovejoy's receiving crew with five catches for 90 yards.
McKinney North coach Kyle Hardin (right) instructs the offense, including 6-foot-7 Gage Thomason (75), on Monday.
North topped Lovejoy at home last year, 59-52, and leads the all-time series, 2-1.
Cornerback Tyson Wilson grabbed two interceptions at Denison.
Yellowjackets quarterback Hunter Watson threw for 230 yards and four touchdowns, including a 61-yard scoring strike to favorite target Steven Wagoner on Denison's first possession. The 'Jackets went on to score on their next three possessions to lead, 28-6, at halftime. Wagoner finished with 11 catches for 165 yards with three TDs.
Matt Gadek led Lions rushers with 14 carries for 74 yards and a touchdown. Walker Torrain added 55 yards on 15 tries with one TD. Quarterback Damon Witmer completed 8-of-14 passes for 72 yards, with Quinton Quirrenbach catching three for 26 yards. Cornerback Tyson Wilson nabbed two interceptions for McKinney.
Sophomore linebacker Andy Mills was the Lions' leading tackler versus Denison.
For Homecoming Friday, the Lions (2-3, 0-2) host Sherman. But before marking it a "W", recall the Bearcats felling McKinney last year, 21-14, for their only win in 2014.
Versus Lovejoy, Sherman managed 245 yards of offense, led by quarterback David Bedgood's 89 yards passing and Chadd Perry's 69 yards rushing. Wideout Maliq Owens nabbed eight catches for 98 yards and two touchdowns.
"We need to win this game," Smith says. "We've got to play a great game in all phases. We know Sherman will be ready." McKinney trails in the all-time series - which dates to 1922 - 12-28-1.
Boyd handed Plano East its first loss Friday, 34-23, as the Broncos' turnaround continued. Since losing by a point to Flower Mound on Sept. 18 – and falling to 0-2 in district play –- Boyd has answered with back-to-back wins for the first time this season.
Boyd coach Don Drake instructs punt coverage on Tuesday.
Boyd's Kaeden Markham romped for 145 yards and four touchdowns on 30 carries versus Plano East, as Stephen Driskell led Broncos receivers with five catches for 57 yards. Quarterback Grant Restmeyer nailed an efficient 16-of-20 passes for 124 yards and safety Parker Noren had a team-high 14 tackles. Noren also had a pick.
Trailing, 15-7, at halftime, the Broncos (3-3, 2-2) blitzed the Panthers, 20-0, in the third quarter, scoring on three straight possessions. For the first, Boyd drove 62 yards in ten plays, capped by Markham's 1-yard run. Linebacker Braydon Webb then ended Plano East's next drive with an interception, leading to Driskell's 18-yard screen-pass touchdown. Boyd's ensuing onside kick was recovered by Jordan Jones to set up Markham's next TD.
Boyd linebacker Braydon Webb made a crucial play in Friday's win over Plano East.
"We were just trying to come out and play our game," Webb says of the rally, "and not worry about the records and all that. Just stay in the moment." As for his crucial interception, Webb says, "My brother [Braxton], on the previous play, got injured and I was, like, 'Somebody's got to step up and be the spark of the defense.'" That's when a Panther receiver tried a slant route. "I saw [the quarterback] kind of stare the receiver down and I was there to make it happen," Webb says.
At the bye, individual leaders for Boyd include: top tacklers Noren and Webb, with 61 takedowns each; top rusher Markham, with 577 yards on 108 carries; top receiver Driskell, with 31 catches for 434 yards; top passer Restmeyer, hitting 95 of 164 tries for 1,318 yards; and top scorer Markham, with 12 TDs, 72 points.
Says Webb, "I'm actually going to be at that game. I'd like to see an upset." His score: Texas 35-27.
McKinney North at Lovejoy, 7:30 p.m.
About the author: Rick Atkinson is a McKinney-based freelance writer and cartoonist. He has covered McKinney high school football for McKinneyOnline.com for the last three seasons. You can reach him via email at rikat2@att.net.


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Shows of the Week: The Final Curtain Falls for Metal's Masters of Reality
Chris Gray
Chris Gray | November 7, 2016 | 4:00am
Toyota Center, November 10
Everything ends, and after years of reunions that stuck, reunions that didn't, semi-reunions, various Ozzfests, lineup shuffles and far too many unfunny "Iron Man" jokes, Black Sabbath is at last headed for their final resting place, playing the penultimate American date of their THE END tour in Houston. It's been almost half a century since Ozzy Osbourne, Tony Iommi, Geezer Butler and now-estranged drummer Bill Ward oozed up from the post-industrial decay of steel-sodden Birmingham, England, warping electric British blues into monolithic and sinister slabs of suffering and paranoia that enabled the band to set new records for volume onstage and debauchery backstage; Spinal Tap would of course be nowhere without them. The world's children of the grave, tortured and forgotten, flocked to them by the tens of thousands, creating not only the original metal fan base but a tribe of true believers whose only option is to see Sabbath through to the bittersweet end. With Rival Sons.
Warehouse Live, November 10
The music of Frank Zappa, whose gonzo brand of rock kept it weird when that phrase really meant something, was so far ahead of its time it's still an acquired taste. No matter the electric free-jazz mania of Hot Rats or dead-on '80s satire of "Valley Girl," his spiritual influence far outpaced his commercial impact. This year the Zappa estate is celebrating the 50th anniversary of the patriarch's debut album with sidekicks the Mothers of Invention, Freak Out!; keeping Frank's laser-brained legacy alive is the one man who knows his dad's music better than anyone (except perhaps one person), his eldest son, Dweezil. Despite an ongoing feud with brother Ahmet over who owns the trademark to the copyrighted terms "Zappa" and "Frank Zappa" — recently prompting the name of Dweezil's group to revert from Zappa Plays Zappa to his own name — Dweezil is forging ahead with a roadshow titled "50 Years of Frank: Dweezil Zappa Plays Whatever the F@%k He Wants – The Cease and Desist Tour." Expect nothing less.
Fitzgerald's, November 11
Shooter Jennings has never been one to shy away from tossing his fans a curveball. Debuting as a solo artist in the mid-'00s after an extended detour in the GN'R-inspired L.A. outfit Stargunn, his albums Put the "O" Back In Country and The Wolf may have had a little too much of his dad Waylon's shaggy country-rock edge for his major label to handle, but he made his point and graduated to a more fulfilling existence as an indie artist and longtime host of Saturday-afternoon free-form funhouse Electric Rodeo on Sirius/XM's Outlaw Country. All that said, and despite fine latter-day outings like 2012's Family Man, Jennings' latest output speaks to how far-ranging his interests remain. Besides this year's Countach (For Giorgio), a tribute to Italian disco auteur Giorgio Moroder, tomorrow (a.k.a. Election Day) is due an expanded edition of 2010's Black Ribbons, his Illuminati-haunted country-psych album featuring narration by Stephen King. With Two Tons of Steel.
Walters Downtown, November 11
High-octane garage rock plus camp has seldom been a more winning formula than with The King Khan & BBQ Show, the Montreal/Berlin duo that is the furthest thing from formulaic. The partnership of Arish Khan and Mark Sultan, both alumni of Montreal punk destroyers the Spaceshits, first unleashed their cosmic howl on 2005's The King Khan & BBQ Show; soon they were a favorite at dives all over two continents, factoring outrageous stage costumes and a keen sense of underground-rock history into their primal guitar/drums attack. After bouncing around a few of the finer garage labels, the duo split acrimoniously in 2010 but rebounded in fine fettle on last year's Bad News Boys (In the Red), 12 expertly crafted fuzz-rock confections that conceal their crunchy punk center with deliciously sweet doo-wop icing. With Paint Fumes.
Heights Theater, November 13
Ray Wylie Hubbard, (mostly) God-fearing Okie kid turned ne'er-do-well Cosmic Cowboy turned Zen role model for two generations of Texas singer-songwriters, has led the kind of white-knuckle, seat-of-the-pants charmed life that, laid end to end, seems like it should add up to a lot more than 70 years. (Required reading: His 2015 memoir/lyric file A Life...Well, Lived.) For fans of a certain type of music in a certain part of the world, namely this one, Hubbard's albums – which he is kind enough to gift us every year or two, the latest being last year's The Ruffian's Misfortune – yield nearly as many entrée-rich word banquets, wayward yet (mostly) well-meaning characters, and subtly disguised morals as the collected works of ol' Billy Shakespeare himself. That Hubbard's 70th birthday party aligns with the very first show at the restored Heights Theater augurs nothing but good things for the historic movie house, and might even be cause for an extra chorus of "Up Against the Wall, Redneck Mother" or "Screw You, We're From Texas" or two. With Larry Campbell & Teresa Williams.
Chris Gray has been Music Editor for the Houston Press since 2008. He is the proud father of a Beatles-loving toddler named Oliver.


Margo and I have lived in Malpas for around 17years.
I hit the big 60 in 2013!
I worked in Social Care and Health, for 37 years retiring in 2010 and joining the Parish Council in 2011.
I became Chairman in 2013. I also chair Malpas and Overton neighborhood plan steering group.
I am involved with Age UK Cheshire, Rural Community Services and the National Autistic Society.
It is important to recognise that the Parish Council has limited powers and resources. However by working together and with other organisations I think we can bring some real improvements for all in Malpas. In turn, I think the Parish Council should be clear about our priorities and be held accountable for delivering them.