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Pointer Based Data-Structures in SPARK
As seen in a previous post, it is possible to use pointers (or access types) in SPARK provided the program abides by a strict memory ownership policy designed to prevent aliasing. In this post, we will demonstrate how to define pointer-based data-structures in SPARK and how to traverse them without breaking the ownership policy.
Pointer-based data structures can be defined in SPARK as long as they do not introduce cycles. For example, singly-linked lists and trees are supported whereas doubly-linked lists are not. As an example for this post, I have chosen to use a map encoded as a singly-linked list of pairs of a key and a value. To define a recursive data structure in Ada, you need to use an access type. This is what I did here: I declared an incomplete view of the type Map, and then an access type Map_Acc designating this view. Then, I could give the complete view of Map as a record with a component Next of type Map_Acc:
type Map;
type Map_Acc is access Map;
type Element_Acc is not null access Element;
type Map is record
Key   : Positive;
Value : Element_Acc;
Next  : Map_Acc;
Note that I also used an access type for the element that is stored in the map (and not for the key). Indeed, we assume here that the elements stored in the map can be big, so that we may want to modify them in place rather than copying them. We will see later how this can be done.
To be able to write specifications on my maps, I need to define some basic properties for them. To describe precisely my maps, I will need to speak about:
whether there is a mapping for a given key in my map, and
the value associated to a key by the map, knowing that there is a mapping for this key.
These concepts are encoded as the following functions:
function Model_Contains (M : access constant Map; K : Positive) return Boolean;
function Model_Value (M : access constant Map; K : Positive) return Element
with  Pre => Model_Contains (M, K);
Model_Contains should return True when there is an occurrence of the key K in the map M, and Model_Value should retrieve the element associated with the first occurrence of K in M.
Now, I need to give a definition to my functions. The natural way to express the meaning of properties on linked data-structures is through recursion. This is what I have done here for both Model_Contains and Model_Value:
function Model_Contains (M : access constant Map; K : Positive) return Boolean is
(M /= null and then (M.Key = K or else Model_Contains (M.Next, K)));
--  A key K has a mapping in a map M if either K is the key of the first mapping of M or if
--  K has a mapping in M.Next.
function Model_Value (M : access constant Map; K : Positive) return Element is
(if M.Key = K then M.Value.all else Model_Value (M.Next, K));
--  The value mapped to key K by a map M is either the value of the first mapping of M if
--  K is the key this mapping or the value mapped to K in M.Next otherwise.
Note that we do not need to care about cases where there is no mapping for K in M in the definition of Model_Value, as we have put as a precondition that it cannot be used in such cases.
As these functions are recursive, GNATprove cannot determine that they will terminate. As a result, it will not use their definition in some cases, lest they may be incorrect. To avoid this problem, I have added Terminating annotations to their declarations. These annotations cannot be verified by the tool, but they can easily be discharged by review, so I accepted the check messages with appropriate justification. I have also marked the two functions as ghost, as I will assume that, for efficiency reasons or to control the stack usage, we don't want to use recursive functions in normal code:
function Model_Contains (M : access constant Map; K : Positive) return Boolean
Annotate => (GNATprove, Terminating);
pragma Annotate
(GNATprove, False_Positive,
"subprogram ""Model_Contains"" might not terminate",
"Recursive calls occur on strictly smaller structure");
Annotate => (GNATprove, Terminating),
Pre => Model_Contains (M, K);
"subprogram ""Model_Value"" might not terminate",
Now that we have defined our specification properties for maps, let's try to implement some functionality. We will start with the easiest one, a Contains function which checks whether there is mapping for a given key in a map. In terms of functionality, it should really return the same value as Model_Contains. However, implementation-wise, we would like to use a loop to avoid introducing recursion. Here, we need to be careful. Indeed, traversing a linked data-structure using a loop generally involves an alias between the traversed structure and the pointer used for the traversal. SPARK supports this use case through the concepts of local observers and borrowers (borrowed from Rust's regular and mutable borrows). What we need here is an observer. Intuitively, it is a local variable which is granted for the duration of its lifetime read-only access to a component of another object. When the observer stays in scope, the actual owner of the object also has read-only access on the object. When the observed goes out of scope, it regains complete ownership (provided it used to have it, and there are no other observers in scope). Let us see how we can use it in our example:
function Contains (M : access constant Map; K : Positive) return Boolean with
Post => Contains'Result = Model_Contains (M, K);
function Contains (M : access constant Map; K : Positive) return Boolean is
C : access constant Map := M;
while C /= null loop
pragma Loop_Invariant (Model_Contains (C, K) = Model_Contains (M, K));
if C.Key = K then
C := C.Next;
end Contains;
Because it is declared with an anonymous access-to-constant type, the assignment to C at its declaration is not considered to be a move, but an observe. In the body of Contains, C will be a read-only alias of M. M itself will retain read-only access to the data it designates, and will regain full ownership at the end of Contains (note that here, it does not change much, as M itself is an access-to-constant type, so it has read-only access to its designated data to begin with).
In the body of Contains, we use a loop which searches for a key equal to K in M. We see that, even though C is an observer, we can still assign to it. It is because it is the data designated by C which is read-only, and not C itself. When we assign directly into C, we do not modify the underlying structure, we simply modify the handle. Note that, as usual with loops in SPARK, I had to provide a loop invariant to help GNATprove verify my code. Here it states that K is contained in M, if and only if, it is contained in C. This is true because we have only traversed values different from K until now. We see that, in the invariant, we are allowed to mention M. This is because M retains read-only access to the data it designated during the observe.
Let's now write a function to retrieve in normal code the value associated to a key in a map. Since elements can be big, we don't want to copy them, so we should not return the actual value, but rather a pointer to the object stored in the map. For now, let's assume that we are interested in a read-only access to the element. As we have seen above, in the ownership model of SPARK, a read-only access inside an existing data-structure is an observer. So here, we want a function which computes and returns an observer of the input data-structure. This is supported in SPARK, provided the traversed data-structure is itself an access type, using what we call "traversal functions". An observing traversal function takes an access type as its first parameter and returns an anonymous access-to-constant object which should be a component of this first parameter.
function Constant_Access (M : access constant Map; K : Positive) return not null access constant Element
Pre  => Model_Contains (M, K),
Post => Model_Value (M, K) = Constant_Access'Result.all;
pragma Loop_Invariant (Model_Value (C, K) = Model_Value (M, K));
return C.Value;
raise Program_Error;
end Constant_Access;
The return type of Constant_Access is rather verbose. It states that it computes an anonymous access-to-constant object (an observer in SPARK) which is not allowed to be null. Indeed, since we know that we have a mapping for K in M when calling Constant_Access, we are sure that there will always be an element to return. This also explains why we have a raise statement as the last statement of Constant_Access: GNATprove is able to prove that this statement is unreachable, and we need that statement to confirm that the bottom of the function cannot be reached without returning a value.
The contract of Constant_Access is straightforward, as we are again reimplementing a concept that we already had in the specification (Constant_Access returns a pointer to the result of Model_Value). In the body of Constant_Access, we create a local variable C which observes the data-structure designated by M, just like we did for Contains. When the correct mapping is found, we return an access to the corresponding value in the data-structure. GNATprove will make sure that the structure returned is a part of the first parameter (here M) of the function.
Note that this function does not breach the ownership policy of SPARK as what is computed by the Constant_Access is an observer, so it will not be possible to assign it to a component inside another data-structure for example.
Now let's assume that we want to modify the value associated to a given key in the data-structure. We can provide a Replace_Element procedure which takes a map M, a key K, and an element V and replaces the value associated to K in M by V. We will write in its postcondition that the value associated to K in M after the call is V (this is not complete, as we do not say anything about other mappings, but for the sake of the explanation, let's stick to something simple).
procedure Replace_Element (M : access Map; K : Positive; V : Element) with
Post => Model_Contains (M, K) and then Model_Value (M, K) = V;
In its body, we want to loop, find the matching pair, and replace the element by the new value V. Here we cannot use an observer to search for the key K, as we want to modify the mapping afterward. Instead, we will use a local borrower. Just like an observer, a borrower takes the ownership of a part of an existing data-structure for the duration of its life-time, but it takes full ownership, in the sense that a borrow has the right to both read and modify the borrowed object. While the borrower is in scope, the borrowed object cannot be accessed directly (there is a provision for reading it in the RM that is used by the tool in particular cases, we will see later). At the end of the scope of the borrower, the ownership returns to the borrowed object. A borrower in SPARK is introduced by the declaration of an object of an anonymous access-to-variable type (note the use of "access Map" instead of "access constant Map"):
procedure Replace_Element (M : access Map; K : Positive; V : Element) is
X : access Map := M;
while X /= null loop
pragma Loop_Invariant (Model_Contains (X, K));
pragma Loop_Invariant
(Pledge (X, (if Model_Contains (X, K) then Model_Contains (M, K)
and then Model_Value (M, K) = Model_Value (X, K))));
if X.Key = K then
X.Value.all := V;
X := X.Next;
end Replace_Element;
The body of Replace_Element is similar to the body of Contains, except that we modify the borrower before returning from the procedure. However, we see that the loop invariant is more involved. Indeed, as we are modifying M using X, we need to know how the modification of X will affect M. Usually, GNATprove can track this information without help, but when loops are involved, this information needs to be supplied in the loop invariant. To describe how a structure and its borrower are affected, I have used a pledge. The notion of pledges was introduced by researchers from ETH Zurich to verify Rust programs (see the preprint of their work to be published at OOPSLA this year). Conceptually, a pledge is a property which will always hold between the borrowed object and the borrower, no matter the modifications that are made to the borrower. As pledges are not yet supported at a language level in SPARK, it is possible to mark (a part of) an assertion as a pledge by using an expression function which is annotated with a Pledge Annotate pragma:
function Pledge (Borrower : access constant Map; Prop : Boolean) return Boolean is
(Prop)
with Ghost,
Annotate => (GNATProve, Pledge);
--  Pledge for maps
Note that the name of the function could be something other than "Pledge", but the annotation should use the string "Pledge". A pledge function is a ghost expression function which takes a borrower and a property and simply returns the property. When GNATprove encounters a call to such a function, it knows that the property given as a second parameter to the call must be handled as a pledge of the local borrower given as a first parameter. It will attempt to verify that, no matter the modification which may be done to Borrower, the property will still hold. Inside Prop, it is necessary to be able to mention the borrowed object. This is why there is provision for reading it in the SPARK RM, and in fact, it is the only case where the tool will allow a borrowed object to be mentioned.
In our example, the pledge of X states that, no matter how X will be modified afterward, if it happens that X has a mapping for K, then M will have the same mapping for K. This is true because we have not encountered K in the previous iterations of the loop, so if we find a mapping in X for K, it will be the first such mapping in M too. Note that a more precise pledge, like Pledge (X, Model_Contains (X, K)), would not be correct. Given a borrower aliasing the root of a subtree in a borrowed object, the pledge relationship expresses what necessarily holds for that subtree, independently of any modifications that may occur to it through the borrower. This is why we need to state the pledge here with an if-expression: "if the borrower X still contains the key K, then M necessarily contains the key K, and both agree on the associated value".
After the loop, M has been modified through X. GNATprove does not know anything about it but what can be deduced from the current value of X and information about the relation between M and X supplied by the loop-invariants that contain pledges. These invariants don't completely define the relation between X and M, but they give enough information to deduce the postcondition when a mapping for K is found in X. Since at the last iteration X.Key = K, GNATprove can deduce that Model_Contains (X, K) and Model_Value (X, K) = V holds after the loop. Using the pledges from the loop-invariants, it can infer that we also have Model_Contains (M, K) and Model_Value(M, K) = V.
Before we reach the end of this post, we will go one step further. We now have a way to replace an element with another one in the map. It can be used if we want to do a modification inside an element of the map, but it won't be efficient, as the element will need to be copied. We would like to provide a way to find the value associated to a given key in a map, and return an access to it so that it can be modified in-place. As for Constant_Reference, this can be done using a traversal function:
function Pledge (Borrower : access constant Element; Prop : Boolean) return Boolean is
--  Pledge for elements
function Reference (M : access Map; K : Positive) return not null access Element
Post => Model_Value (M, K) = Reference'Result.all and then
Pledge (Reference'Result, Model_Contains (M, K) and then
Model_Value (M, K) = Reference'Result.all);
Reference returns a mutable access inside the data-structure M. We can see that, in its postcondition, I have added a pledge. Indeed, since the result of Reference is an access-to-variable object, a user of my function can use it to modify M. If I want the tool to be able to deduce anything about such a modification, I need to describe the link between the result of a call to the Reference function, and its first parameter. Here my pledge gives the same information as the postcondition of Replace_Element, that is, that the value designated by the result of the call will be the one mapped from K in M.
pragma Loop_Invariant (Model_Value (X, K) = Model_Value (M, K));
return X.Value;
end Reference;
The body of Reference contains the same loop as Constant_Reference, except that I have added a loop invariant, similar to the one in Replace_Element to supply a pledge to X.
The specification and verification of pointer-based data-structures is a challenge in deductive verification whether the "pointer" part is implemented as a machine pointer or as an array index (as an example, see our previous post about verifying insertion inside a red-black tree). In addition, SPARK has a strict ownership policy which will prevent completely the use of some (doubly-linked) data-structures, and complicate the writing of usual algorithms on others. However, I think I have demonstrated in this post that is still feasible to write and verify in SPARK some of these algorithms, with comparatively few user-supplied annotations.
Posted in #SPARK #Formal Verification


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GreekReporter.comBusinessFifteen Greeks Among Lloyd's Top 100 Influential People in Shipping
Fifteen Greeks Among Lloyd's Top 100 Influential People in Shipping
By Philip Chrysopoulos
Fifteen Greeks are included in this year's top 100 most influential people in global shipping, according to the 2018 Lloyd's List. Greeks also have the largest number of individuals on the list per nation; next are the Chinese shipowners, with twelve of the most influential individuals.
As well as outnumbering all other nationalities in global shipping, many of the Greek shipowners on the list were ranked higher in 2018 than in the previous year, signaling the improved image of Greek shipping.
The number one Greek individual in shipping for yet another year is Giannis Angelicoussis, who is in sixth position, two positions higher than last year's ranking of eighth. Kitack Lim, the South Korean Secretary-General of the International Maritime Organization is in first place.
The second Greek man in Lloyds Top 100 is George Prokopiou, who is in 12th place, up from 15th last year, while the third Greek, Angeliki Frangou, is considered 22nd in the world influence. Retros Pappas, managing director of Star Bul, jumped 14 places since last year and is sitting in 24th place this year. George Economou of TMS and Dryships ranks 25th.
Panagiotis G. Livanos of GasLog is next after Economou, while Theodoros Veniamis is 43rd in the international classification, He is the president of the Union of Greek Shipowners.
Costamare head Kostis Konstantakopoulos is ranked 51st and Evangelos Marinakis is 59th, both coming in significantly higher than last year.
Anastasios Papayannopoulos, the president of Bimco ranks 74th, but shares the spot with Angus Frew, the general secretary of the organization. The seventy-seventh place is taken by Nikolas Tsakos, the former president of Intertanko, and he is followed next by Dimitris Fafalios, the new president of Intercargo.
George Logothetis of the Libra Group is in 80th place, and is also a newcomer on the list. Panos Laskaridis, chairman of ESCA, the European shipowners' union, was considered 95th most influential, followed directly by newcomer Despina Theodosiou, the president of Wista International.
See all the latest news from Greece and the world at Greekreporter.com. Contact our newsroom to report an update or send your story, photos and videos. Follow GR on Google News and subscribe here to our daily email!
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Porcelain is actually a type of ceramic, but the materials it's made from (along with the extreme heats at which it's fired), make it far more durable and hard wearing than traditional ceramic.
So what are the magic ingredients? Porcelain tiles are typically 50% Feldspar, 30-40% white clay, up to 15% Kaolin and up to 15% quartz, along with other fusible materials. The result? A strong and dense tile with supreme durability, which is resistant to abrasion, frost and chemical damage. They're also virtually impervious to water!
Where should I use porcelain tiles?
Porcelain tiles come in such an array of shapes, sizes, styles and colours that you can use them wherever you like throughout the home and garden. However, due to some of the qualities outlined above (high durability, frost proof, water resistant), they're a pretty good candidate for floor spaces with high footfall, wet rooms, bathrooms, and gardens! Hallways tend to receive a lot of foot traffic, since it's the space that family and friends shuffle through first, so that's an area that would certainly benefit from some sturdy porcelain tiles.
When the summer months roll around, we all start thinking about how to make the best of those garden spaces. One simple solution is to create an outdoor patio area where we can lap up the sun, light up a BBQ, and enjoy the company of our guests. But which material to use?
Decking is quite an outdated idea for an external seating area now; the wood rapidly deteriorates, and it's very slippery. Concrete slabs, another former favourite for patio spaces, are a very drab and lifeless option, which will rob your garden area of character.
Porcelain tiles are proving to be a very popular option when it comes to creating a patio area in garden space. Not only are they practically resistant to water, but they're also very durable, and frost proof! For a gripping base in your garden, choose a porcelain design with an anti slip finish. There are plenty of stylish wood and stone effect designs to choose from.
A big trend is to create an indoor to outdoor space. This is where the interior floor continues outdoors, at the same height, to create a seamless transition.
When you think of ceramic and porcelain tiles, you probably think of plain white squares that go on in the bathroom and kitchen. But, in reality, the days when those were the only options are long gone!
Advancements in the manufacturing and HD ink jet printing processes mean that porcelain tiles come in all sorts of shapes, sizes, styles and designs – in a multitude of different colours. From realistic wood effects and lifelike stone effects, through to captivating geometric patterns, hexagons and mosaics!
All of the latest interior design trends are covered perfectly and, because of this, porcelain tiles are no longer limited to the bathroom and kitchen. Rather, they can be used as a long-lasting alternative to carpet, laminate, lino, hard wood flooring, paint and wallpaper throughout the entire home! They're even a stylish alternative to decking and patio slabs outside in the garden!
Which porcelain tiles should I choose?
It's all well and good having a multitude of different designs to choose from, but which will look best in your home? It all depends on what area you're tiling, and what look you're hoping to achieve.
If you're tiling a space you'd like to relax in, such as a bathroom or bedroom, it's a great trick to create a soothing natural scheme. This is where stone effect tiles come in handy. Elegante Marble Effect Tiles are a popular choice for achieving this naturalistic spa-like look!
If you're tiling a sociable space, such as a kitchen, dining room or living area, it's a good idea to inject lots of colour or pattern. You can use our Zeinah Tiles (which recently featured in the Ideal Home Show room sets) to create a statement floor, or Hexa Cube 3D Tiles (which recently appeared in HomeStyle Magazine) to create a feature wall.
In a hallway, which is often the first area your guests will see, you want something that is not too overpowering, but isn't too plain, either. That's where wood effect tiles work well – particularly ones with a characterful reclaimed design, such as our Swoonworthy Wood Effect Tiles.
If you're creating an outdoor space, we find that natural-styled designs work best. Again, try wood effect tiles, but ones with an anti slip finish to help make those patio spaces a little bit more gripping. Vintage Wood Plank Tiles work well for garden areas.
If you've seen a few designs that you like the look of but you can't decide between them, or you want to see how the tiles look in place on your walls or floors, simply order a few sample tiles! Samples come full size and at a fraction of the cost of a full tile. Best of all, they come with Free Delivery.
1) Make sure the surface is clean and dry, and ensure any underfloor heating.
2) Apply the LTP MPG Sealer evenly to the surface using an LTP Buffing Cloth.
3) Leave for 20 minutes. Buff well to remove an excess from the surface. Do this whilst the LTP MPG Sealer is still wet.
4) Allow to dry for at least 3 hours – don't walk on the surface during this time.
5) Protect from water for 24 hours and don't wash the surfaces for a minimum of 3 days.
With polished porcelain tiles, avoid using steam cleaners, bleach or other strong acidic / alkaline cleaning solutions, as they may damage the seal.
When it comes to cleaning and caring for all types of porcelain tiles – whether polished or not - use LTP Waxwash. It will keep your tiles looking as fresh and as new as the day you first installed them.
If using a manual tile cutter, sit the tile in the cutting bed and line your marked line up with the scribing wheel. Take the handle, and push the scribing wheel across the surface of the tile. Once you've done this, use the small snapping arm to place over the top of the tile, and apply gentle pressure to the arm. This will snap the tile cleanly.
If using an electric / wet cutter, make sure to keep it switched off until you're ready to use it. Place the tile into the cutter, taking it the width of the blade. Turn it on, and gently push the tile into the blade. It will give you a nice, clean cut. Due to potential mess, we usually recommend using wet cutters outside.
Wherever you're tiling a wall or floor with your porcelain tiles, the process remains roughly the same, and can be broken into three main stages: plan the layout, apply the tiles with adhesive, and finally grout the joints before cleaning up.
We've created a handy How to Tile section on our blog, with step by step video tutorial guides for tiling walls, floors, bathrooms and kitchens. Go and take a look!
There you have it – a complete guide to porcelain tiles. In summary, they're a sturdy, water resistant and frost-proof offering of tiles, which are especially good for use on floor spaces, in bathrooms, and outside in the garden. They come in lots of styles, and can be used to introduce different trends and looks throughout the home. And the best way to see which ones work best in your home is to order samples.


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Diversifying Our Board: Our Journey and Learnings
A few weeks ago we were delighted to welcome eight new governors and advisers to Cripplegate. We saw the appointment of these diverse new voices as a starting point of a journey to become a more representative organisation in the borough.
Two months later, at the end of November, we shared the learnings that we have made so far at the ACF Conference 2020. Here are some of the key reflections from the webinar we hosted:
It is critical to have committed champions for all of the Diversity, Equity and Inclusion work across the organisation.
If done properly, this approach can have a big impact on the culture of the organisation as its staff and board become more representative of the borough.
We invited a group of people into the organisation who will create the change with us, over time – the organisation will not be the same!
A diverse board will co-create new perspectives, new decisions, new ways of working.
Sarah Benioff, Allyson Davies and Manny Wiafe during the ACF webinar
Manny Wiafe, a new governor, gives his personal reflections
1. What attracted me to Cripplegate Foundation
I was born and raised in Islington, and participated in several local projects funded by Cripplegate, so I know well the benefits that well-funded programmes can achieve for community development. Connected to this, I applied because:
I think it's important to recruit and train people from minority backgrounds into board and community leadership positions. Some of these groups are disproportionately unrepresented in such positions.
If a board is representative of the community, it will make better use of community information and improve decision making.
From the feedback we received, other governors also applied because they were impressed by Cripplegate's messaging on equity, diversity and inclusion.
2. How I found the recruitment process
It was clear Cripplegate had done its research and thought hard about why diversity at a board level matters and how to move next to ensure its leadership was representative of the community and its diverse groups.
For example, during my conversations with Allyson Davies (our recruitment partner), Sarah Benioff and many others in the team I was convinced that in their own lived experiences diversity was important to them. This is important because it speaks to integrity and character of the organisation. Candidates can smell out when a diversity initiative has a genuine WHY behind the process or when it's simply a tokenistic exercise.
Following the recruitment process, if you look at the make-up of the new governors and advisers I think it captures a diverse group of people and voices. I personally grew up in a low income, single parent household.
Candidates can smell out when a diversity initiative has a genuine WHY behind the process or when it's simply a tokenistic exercise.
3. My advice on how to diversify boards
Have clear and flexible candidate briefs:
Consider exactly which groups are underrepresented on the board and develop a well-planned process to recruit those groups, underpinned by WHY the board needs those people and those perspectives.
Consider the value of recruiting from an underrepresented age group. They can inject enthusiasm into board activities.
Consider early on what structures may prevent suitable candidates from applying. For example, Cripplegate made it clear no previous experience as a governor was required and that it would train new governors.
Think about development: Boards often go through the motion of diversifying and consider the job done. But it's important to go beyond diversity and consider inclusion and empowerment. Ask yourself if the board will seriously listen to diverse governors and act on their recommendations. I have friends that have joined a board only to leave some months later.
Change can only come if there is clear and sustained support for diversity from the board and key officers. Once this decision is agreed, there is no single template or blueprint for change other than the stamina to keep heading in the right direction. This journey will be shorter for some and longer for others
Who are our new governors and advisers? A brief overview
Governors Edmund Brandt comes to us with a wealth of investment and finance experience, alongside his volunteering roles. Since 2004, he has been an Investment Director for JP Morgan Asset Management. He also brings his in-depth knowledge of equity strategies and socially responsible investing. His voluntary roles have included being…
15 October 2020News
Eight new governors and advisers join Cripplegate Foundation
Cripplegate Foundation is delighted to announce the appointment of four new governors (trustees equivalent) and four new advisers. Edmund Brandt, Sarah Lee, Amir Rizwan and Manny Wiafe will be joining us as new governors on our board while Jesse Ashman, Paul Formosa, Eniola James and Emmanuelle (Manu) Mathey will become our new adv…


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USTM Students offered relief to 50k+ families during lockdown @ COVID 19
Baridua, Ri-Bhoi, Meghalaya, Thursday, 17th May 2020: During the crucial situation of crisis occured due to the National Lockdown imposed by the Government of India to prevent the spread of the deadly Covid-19, the students of USTM have stood up as a ray of hope for many helpless and needy people under the scheme 'USTM Mission Outreach to Needy @Covid-19.' A large number of USTM students have till now shown an overwhelming positive response to the appeal made by Shri Narendra Modi, Hon'ble Prime Minister of India to help atleast 4 needy people of every individual's locality. Shri Mahbubul Hoque, Hon'ble Chancellor, USTM, encouraged every Students of USTM to make the Prime Minister's appeal a grand success. Shri Hoque, through a facebook live video, stressed on the fact that it should be the basic social responsibility of all the students to help the poor and needy people during such crucial situation.
"Since a large proportion of the population in our region are dependent on daily basis income, it has now become really difficult for them to meet their basic needs," Shri Hoque stated. It is worth mentioning here that Shri Hoque on behalf of the ERD Foundation and USTM personally took part in various relief drives held during the lockdown which covered almost 5000 needy families of Guwahati and Ri-bhoi district of Meghalaya.All the students of USTM are now following the path of the Indian Prime Minister and have been providing food and relief materials to the needy families of their own respective localities. They have already covered more then 50 thousand families till date. Although Modi ji appealed to all the individuals to help atleast 4 needy people of their neighbourhood, few of the USTM students willingly went up to provide food materials to even 100 needy people of their respective locality at one go, which is definitely a major boostup to the overall outreach mission of USTM @Covid 19. Shri Hoque made it clear that after the reopening of the University, all the students will have to submit a report where they will have to mention the number of needy people they covered in the outreach mission, list of food materials distributed and amount of money spent. A report format for the same has been already made available via the official facebook page of the institution. While making the appeal to the students for the outreach drive @Covid19inspired by the Hon'ble Prime Minister of India, Shri Hoque mentioned ," Serving the needy people during their difficult time is the only way to serve the Almighty."Since the students of USTM are spread across different parts of Northeast India, it has been helpful for them to cover a large part of the seven sisters.The students were highly motivated by the appeal of Modiji and are now competing among themselves to serve more and more poor people. Although the USTM students have covered 50,000+ families till now, Shri Hoque encouraged the students to set a target of providing food materials to atleast 1 lakh needy families.
The extension drive carried out by the USTM students during this crucial period of time has been well appreciated by many persons belonging to various field. Shri Hoque also requested all the other institutions to come forward in order to help the helpless people in this time of crisis as it will be difficult for the government alone to help every needy individuals. He further stated that after reopening, performance of the students in this aspect will be evaluated and due recognition will be given to them.


text:
Play Plugin
===========

The ``play`` plugin allows you to pass the results of a query to a music
player in the form of an m3u playlist.

To use the plugin, enable it in your configuration (see
:ref:`using-plugins`). Then use it by invoking the ``beet play`` command with
a query. The command will create a temporary m3u file and open it using an
appropriate application. You can query albums instead of tracks using the
``-a`` option.

By default, the playlist is opened using the ``open`` command on OS X,
``xdg-open`` on other Unixes, and ``start`` on Windows. To configure the
command, you can use a ``play:`` section in your configuration file::

    play:
        command: /Applications/VLC.app/Contents/MacOS/VLC

You can also specify additional space-separated options to command (like you
would on the command-line)::

    play:
        command: /usr/bin/command --option1 --option2 some_other_option

You can configure the plugin to emit relative paths. Use the ``relative_to``
configuration option::

	play:
		relative_to: /my/music/folder

When using the ``-a`` option, the m3u will have the paths to each track on
the matched albums. If you wish to have folders instead, you can change that
by setting ``use_files: False`` in your configuration file.

Enable beets' verbose logging to see the command's output if you need to
debug.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Home MAIN FEATURED The National Autistic Society Northern Ireland opens first of its kind Autism...
The National Autistic Society Northern Ireland opens first of its kind Autism Centre
Christine McGuiness and the National Autistic Society CEO Caroline Stevens, and staff
The National Autistic Society Northern Ireland's new Autism Centre was opened this week on Tuesday 19 November, by TV star and mum to autistic twins Christine McGuiness. The first of its kind in Northern Ireland, the centre has been purpose-built for autistic people and their families. At its core is day provision for autistic adults who need high levels of support, from across Northern Ireland.
There are around 18,000 autistic people in Northern Ireland and every autistic person has their own strengths and challenges. Autism affects how someone communicates and interacts with the world. For some that may mean they need just a bit of extra help and for autistic people with complex needs they may need more support in a specialist environment, like the centre, so they can thrive.
With colourful multi-sensory rooms and a fitted kitchen to practice life skills, the centre will be a relaxed environment in which autistic adults will be able to learn and become more independent. Through tailor-made programmes during day provision, each individual will also have access to onsite behaviour support, speech and language therapy and occupational therapy.
There are not enough services for autistic adults who require high levels of support in Northern Ireland. The opening of the National Autistic Society Northern Ireland's Autism Centre will benefit those in and around Belfast, providing autistic adults with complex needs a safe and welcoming place to learn, socialise and fulfil their potential. The centre hopes to attract more funding so they can run activities during evenings and weekends for autistic children and their families.
The National Autistic Society Northern Ireland's Autism Centre has been developed to encourage social opportunities, relaxation, sensory stimulants and lifelong skills among other positive key principles, for its autistic visitors.
Shirelle Stewart, Director of the National Autistic Society Northern Ireland, said:
"We were thrilled to have Christine McGuiness open our new Autism Centre, the first of its kind in Northern Ireland. The centre has been designed with the interests and needs of autistic people at its heart.
"It will be modern, welcoming, and use technology that has been specifically designed to support autistic people.
"Having such state of the art provision would not have been possible without the support of our donors. Thank you to everyone who helped us to raise an incredible £200,000 to provide the specialist equipment and create such a high-quality environment.
"We are looking forward to seeing the project in action. You can find out more about the services the National Autistic Society Northern Ireland provides at autism.org.uk."
Christine McGuinness Ambassador for the National Autistic Society, said:
"I was honoured to open the amazing National Autistic Society's Northern Ireland Centre in Belfast.
"There are around 18,000 autistic people in Northern Ireland and not enough services to support the needs of autistic adults with complex needs.
"The National Autistic Society's new centre will provide a safe and welcoming place where autistic adults can learn new life skills and build their confidence and independence.
"I was so impressed by the planning and thought that's gone into designing and building this vital resource and the passion of the staff is phenomenal. The centre will be a lifeline for autistic people and their families across Northern Ireland and a place for autistic adults to reach their full potential."
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Staff and volunteers at St Giles Hospice are starting the new year on a high after receiving an 'Outstanding' rating from the Care Quality...


text:
//
//  ALPHAMockObject.h
//  Alpha
//
//  Created by Dal Rupnik on 01/06/15.
//  Copyright (c) 2015 Unified Sense. All rights reserved.
//

@import Foundation;

/*!
 *  Mock Object will act as set object and it will redirect notifications to the object property (if set).
 *
 *  To correctly use the mock object, one must override trackInvocation: method, to receive invocation details
 *  and do appropriate actions.
 */
@interface ALPHAMockObject : NSObject

/*!
 *  Object that is mocked, object will always receive the messages
 */
@property (nonatomic, strong) id object;

/*!
 *  Array of selectors that will always receive the invocation. If you want to track a selector, but original
 *  object does not respond to it (for example optional delegate methods), you can add it's selector into this
 *  array.
 */
@property (atomic, strong) NSArray *trackedSelectors;

/*!
 *  This method is called when mock object receives an invocation that either object responds to or it's selector
 *  is in trackedSelectors.
 *
 *  This method should be overriden by any appropriate subclass to add specific actions.
 *
 *  @param anInvocation invocation
 */
- (void)trackInvocation:(NSInvocation *)anInvocation;

@end


Task forces created to solve auto theft problems unique to specific geographical areas.
Fire investigation services are available to police and fire service agencies throughout Michigan, 24 hours a day. The Michigan State Police, Fire Investigation Unit has field offices located in strategic locations to provide convenient and timely services. Police and fire agencies may call 1-888-684-3473 (1-888-684-FIRE) toll-free from anywhere in the state to reach their area investigator. Learn more about Fire Investigation.
The Michigan State Police Fraud Investigation Section is comprised of two teams (east and west) covering the state of Michigan. The teams shall investigate and assist Federal and local law enforcement agencies with investigating criminal activity related to fraud and identity theft while providing victims with available resources to prevent further victimization. Learn more about Fraud Investigation.
The Marihuana and Tobacco Investigation Section has statewide responsibility for conducting administrative inspections of all retailers of tobacco products as well as all businesses licensed to grow, process, sell, transport, and test medical marihuana. In addition to administrative inspections, the section investigates criminal activity of individuals and businesses who are in violation of the state's Tobacco Products Tax Act, Marihuana Facilities Licensing Act, and related laws. To reach the Marihuana and Tobacco Investigation Section, call 1-855-648-6222.
The Meth Investigation Team has statewide responsibility for identifying and investigating those individuals involved in the use, possession, and manufacturing of methamphetamine. Team members are trained to safely dismantle clandestine drug labs and provide meth awareness training to public safety personnel around the state. Learn more about Methamphetamine Response and Training.
The MPCU serves the Michigan State Police, criminal justice, noncriminal justice, governmental agencies, public safety officers, and the general public.
These task forces are staffed by a combination of state, county, local, and federal law enforcement officers. They build on inter-agency cooperation and coordination to conduct investigations into narcotics.
Services are available to police agencies throughout Michigan, 24 hours a day. The Michigan State Police, Technical Services Unit has field offices located in strategic locations to provide convenient and timely services. To reach the Technical Services Unit please contact the MSP Operations Desk at 517-241-8000.


text:
What if an ancient Mediterranean remedy was the secret to modern day haircare and body care?
Kazani is named after a traditional copper kettle that was used for centuries over an open fire, for the slow preparation of products, remedies and formulas.
Kazani is a family run business built upon an ancient secret recipe that was handed down from generation to generation and has now evolved into modern hair and body care solutions. Using only the purest and most potent ingredients, and without all the artificial ingredients and harsh chemicals, our products work with your hair and skin's natural composition. Our unique formulas nourish your scalp and skin, boosting hydration for healthy, strong hair and a clear, glowing complexion. Our ingredients are chosen from the Mediterranean using wild flowers, oils and mountain herbs, handcrafted in small batches to preserve their powerful and effective benefits. Every product is made with thought, consideration and passion to bring you revolutionary hair and skin care products. From generation to generation, now from father to daughter we are specializing in luxurious personal care products such as hair mask and scalp masks, serums and body oils.
Withstanding the test of time and containing hundreds if not over 2,000 years of Mediterranean inspired formulation perfection our products are based on a formula infused with flowers and herbs in an innovative way to help encourage volume and stronger hair and great skin.
Kazani provides multipurpose, clean beauty hair and body care products that deliver results and do not compromise your family's health or the environment. Our company's products are made from age-old formulas with plant-based ingredients in cold-processed methods to preserve the nutrients in every jar and bottle so that it nourishes the scalp and skin, helps strengthen the hair follicles for healthy-looking lustrous locks.
Our goal is here to share time-tested Mediterranean and modern processes that help revitalize and help rejuvenate healthier-looking hair and skin for men and women. By bringing these marvelous products to people's daily beauty rituals we are dedicated to the preservation of plants around the world and bring the use of plant based ingredients into peoples' lives. By bringing traditional formulas to the modern world, Kazani aims to be the bridge from the past to the future. When combined, our goal is to enhance the individual's self-confidence and create sustainability for future generations by donating a part of our proceeds to www.iucn.org.
Before coming up with the idea of helping his daughter help restore her hair naturally and continue the family tradition, D'Al worked as a French chef in some of New York's high end eating establishments such as 21 Club, American Express, National Westminister Bank and Perigot, where he worked under the world renowned chef Paul Bocuse and Former President Charles De Gaulle's chef. For a short while he also owned his own restaurant. He has prepared meals for politicians and celebrities such as Elizabeth Taylor, Jacklyn Kennedy, Barbara Streisand, Vernon Jordon, Henry Kissenger, David Rockefeller, Prince Abdul of Jordan, Donald Trump. His hobby is to collect antiques, learn history and different languages, create new recipes and continue to learn about old medicine remedies in the olden times. He has a wife and 3 children.
Born with an entrepreneurial drive, Ms. Karatas sought to create a unique and natural product based on an ancient Mediterranean formula that her father grew up with. Born in Manhattan, N.Y. Selmin has been playing the piano since the age of 9, as she attended The Royal School of Music in London Queen and Queen Mother. She loves learning, reading and researching. She speaks French. Her hobby is to travel to other countries, researching, learning and creative writing. She also loves trying out new food in different restaurants. She graduated from Berkeley College with a BBA in International Business and Management. She currently lives in New York.
© 2020 kazanibeauty.com.


text:
Q: Using https In Java Soap Service So I am new to spring-ws and to SOAP in general and am concerned about the security of information being sent to my SOAP service.
I want to use some sort of http authorization and it seems like this is not done via the spring-ws API.

*

*Does anyone know a good resource for information on doing this,

*Have any advice to offer?

I admit that I lack a lot of knowledge when it comes to security policy, so anything helps.
By the way I am using glassfish 3 as my application server.
EDIT: I am not trying to put the security features in the soap message. I am sending customer information so the http message has to be encrypted. Authentication to ensure that the request is coming from the right people (so random users cannot use my soap service) would be huge plus.

A: If you want to use SSL client authentication it would be container-specific configuration. If your target deployment is, for example, Glassfish you could start with reading this.
Keep in mind, that with SSL client authentication you would need to deal with either issuing client's certificates (through your own CA) or accepting existing client's certificates. This could be acceptable if your in more or less controlled environment (B2B for example) but real hassle if you trying to build public web service. Do some reading about SSL client authentication, certificates etc - there are plenty info in the Internet.

A: There is a whole chapter describing the security aspects of spring-ws here.
Have you look at it?

Edit: Some more information on SO

A: I like how this post describe the different between HTTPS and WSS. It can be helpfull for you.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Teck egy középkori sváb hercegség neve. Eredetileg a zähringi hercegek birtokában állt.

Története

 1152: I. Adalbert fiára, Konrádra szállt a hercegség.
 1381: az utódok eladják Württembergnek a birtokot.
 1439: meghal a hercegi család utolsó tagja, Lajos, Aquileia pátriárkája.
 1495: I. Miksa császár a Teck hercegi címet és címert a württembergi hercegre ruházza.
 1863: Sándor württembergi herceg a Rhédey Klaudia magyar grófnővel kötött házasságából származó gyermekeinek adományozza a hercegséget.

Források

 A Pallas nagy lexikona

Németország történelme
Német-római Birodalom

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


If you generate some type of biomass we will administrate it for you, we purchase forewood and other products derived from silvicultural treatments.
If you belong to the energy sector you can count with our consultancy services for designing facilities, be it from the point of view of engineering, architecture of interior design.
We offer long-term supply agreements and negotiated prices for energy service businesses, we are the trusted supplier to guarantee the profitability of your investment.
If you have a store open to the public, or a technical office, and you are interested in commercializing some of our products, we offer commercial agreements to be able to sell both our heaters and boiler as well as our biofuels.
If you want to specialize in biomass installations and are interested in our products you can become one of our new trusted installers.


Keep your phone stylishly protected with our crocodile-embossed leather phone cover. The textured finish makes a refined impression with every call you make.
-5.65" X 2.85" X 0.4"
Copyright © 2019 Cheap Michael Kors. Powered by XLJ.


text:
Fourth annual Chico Unplugged shows steady improvement
Chelsea Gallegos
Filed under Arts & Entertainment, Reviews
The eclectic second floor of Madison Bear Garden has played host once again to Chico Unplugged, the School of the Arts Productions singer-songwriter competition. An initially small crowd swelled into one much larger to support the showcase, which had its best-ever turnout according to Kaleb Sievers, the event producer.
Twelve performers played original songs for a panel of three judges in hopes of being one of the two winners selected from the first night's showing. By the end of the three-week event six winners, two from each night, will come together to create a compilation CD of the songs they performed during their time in the limelight.
If you missed the first night, fret not dear readers, there are two more Unplugged events in the next two weeks; Thursday, Sept. 24 and Wednesday, Oct.1 will be nights two and three of the competition.
This all-acoustic event was at times drowned out by the raucous audience. By the time the third performer took the stage, the crowd had pushed its way to the central bar enveloping reporters, photographers and performers alike.
Common bar-hopping woo-girls seemed utterly uninterested in what was happening onstage and overly concerned with their vodka cranberries, yoga pants and Snapchat rainbow vomit.
Fortunately, most people realized what the event actually was and what it meant to the performers.
Chico Unplugged gives local artists a creative outlet, allowing them to showcase their talent to a crowd much different than any they may have previously performed for.
Sophie Sanguedolce is happy to perform on stage Thursday night being part of Chico Unplugged. Photo credit: Grant Casey
Sophie Sanguedolce, whose sound was a mixture of Taylor Swift and Michelle Branch, said that she was just happy to be on stage.
"I just need to perform," Sanguedolce said. "It's not about winning. It's about that nerve-wracking feeling I get when I'm singing in front of people."
Reggae-influenced duo Donnie (left) and Zach (right) perform together at Madison Bear Garden Thursday night during Chico Unplugged. Photo credit: Grant Casey
Other performers weren't as innocuous in their reasoning. Donnie and Zach, a reggae duo reminiscent of The Dirty Heads, were all about the win and getting their names out there.
Senior Brady Shaw plays the piano during Thursday's Chico Unplugged performance at Madison Bear Garden. Photo credit: Grant Casey
Even more incredible was senior Brady Shaw, a pianist with a '90s grunge vibe comparable to the Red Hot Chili Peppers, who didn't know that Chico Unplugged was a competition at all and gave a superb performance.
In fact, all of the performing artists brought with them a distinct and definitive sound. From a guy screaming about a salamander in a salad all the way to a new-aged love-hate song from an almost-country singer, there were surely more dissimilarities than commonalities, making the judges panel a difficult position to be in.
Winners of the first night of Chico Unplugged are to be announced after all three nights of competition are complete—then work on the compilation CD will begin. The CD is set to be released toward the end of the school year, with the winners of the spring Chico Unplugged event also being featured.
There won't be any charge for the CD, just as there was no cover charge for the Chico Unplugged event, since the pupose is to get new artists' music heard in and out of the community.
Chelsea Gallegos can be reached at [email protected] or @theorion_news on Twitter.
Yoga proving to be the newest hit for Chico State athletics
Musicians crank up the volume at 'Chico…
'Memories… Do Not Open' is already open
Tags: brady shaw, Chico Unplugged, donnie and zach, kaleb sievers, Madison Bear Garden, school of the arts productions, sophie sanguedolce
'Pokemon Detective Pikachu' is fun and that's all that matters
My top 15 films of all time
"The Intruder": problematic, distasteful and forgettable
Chico-born artist brings hope to Paradise through mural artwork
Through the Late Night final show featuring 'Scarlet Pumps'
Gold Nugget Days proves strength of community
Featured Artist: Bald Rock Boys
SOB x RBE and Hit-Boy collab is good but lacks any development
School of the Arts hosts final choir concert of the semester


So spring is just around the corner and we cannot wait. Hoosier Homemade's blog has just the DIY project to get us going on spring related projects so we can be ready to roll!
This one is a "Spring" decor idea that brings color and happiness to any room! Be sure to check out their blog for more DIY.
I just love how it turned out! Doug did an AMAZING job on it…don't you think?
The concept for the scrapbook paper being applied to the wood is similar to the St. Patrick's Day Door Hanging we made, but the letters were a little curved on the edge, so Doug had to cut out the paper before applying it to the wood. It was a little more time consuming, but well worth it.
And we couldn't help but take pictures outside in the beautiful Spring weather we have!
Cut your wood to length. Doug cut this piece, 5 inches longer than what we needed, leaving 2 1/2 inches on each end.
Using a rag, apply the pre-stain. Pre-stain is needed when staining soft or porous types of wood to prevent the finish from being blotchy.
Let sit 15-20 minutes to allow to soak in, wipe off any excess.
Glue a small block of wood to the back side of the letters to give more area to glue to base.


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text:
President Obama Sounds Off On Kaepernick At Presidential…
President Barack Obama again defended Colin Kaepernick's right to protest during CNN's presidential town on Wednesday night.
Memorial Service Held For Terence Crutcher
Scores of people gathered to say farewell at a memorial service for Terence Crutcher. Family and friends recalled him as…
Historically 'This Is Who White America Is:' Exploring…
NewsOne Now panelists weigh in on Hillary Clinton's remarks about the murder of Black men in America.
Terence Crutcher's Death Ruled A Homicide By Medical…
A full toxicology and autopsy report wasn't readily available at the time of reporting, according to KOCO.
Tulsa Officer Betty Shelby Arrested & Released On…
The Tulsa County District Attorney's office said that Shelby acted "unreasonably by escalating the situation from a confrontation," and became…
#NaptownNewsie: Double Shooting On NW-Side Keeps IMPD Busy;…
@kwellscomm PraiseIndy.com News & Sports Good day as Circle City Classic events continue, making for a busy weekend. More below… Indianapolis…
Terence Crutcher's Death Shows It's Past Time For…
America's police departments need to be overhauled to halt the unchecked power of officers to shoot and kill Blacks.
Richard Sherman On Protests & Police Brutality: 'People…
Sherman's comments on Wednesday are starkly different from previous comments he made in July 2016, when he doubled down on…
NEWS ROUNDUP: Cam Newton & Colin Kaepernick Set…
Cam Newton and Colin Kaepernick spoke out on a photo that appeared to show the two NFL players in each…
Sheryl Underwood Hits Deep In Emotional Response To…
Comedian and co-host Sheryl Underwood gave a passionate response to the shooting death of Terence Crutcher, after dash cam video…
Justice Department Probes Terence Crutcher Shooting
The Justice Department is investigating the Tulsa police shooting of an unarmed Black man. They are looking into a possible…
Erica Campbell Explains Where We Should Put Our…
Protests erupted in North Carolina last night after an officer fatally shot a disabled man named Keith Lamont Scott, who…
Oklahoma Activist Questions Tulsa Cop's Narrative In Terence…
Tulsa police claim Terence Crutcher was on PCP, had a vial of the drug in his car, and the officer…
Five Things To Know About Terence Crutcher's Shooting…
As two separate investigations continue, led by the Justice Department and the Tulsa County District Attorney's office, more details emerge…


The Phoenix fan with light has an integral halogen light and a remote control to operate the 3 speeds of the fan and control/dim the light. Like all Fantasia ceiling fans, the Phoenix has a 10 year manufacturers warranty.
Click the button below to add the Phoenix Antique Brass to your wish list.


Today, there is no guest post because I will be the one talking about this birthing method! Check out my post on why I prefer using Hypnosis or Hypnobabies below.
Childbirth Hypnosis is probably the newer method on the childbirth block. Or perhaps new is the correct term but it's definitely the method that not many have heard of and it's not very common yet. However, it can be a very effective method and hopefully will gain popularity in the next few years.
Childbirth Hypnosis is different from most birthing methods, as it teaches that birth does not have to be painful. Many "hypnomoms" claim to have completely pain free births!
Childbirth Hypnosis depending on the variety (I prefer Hypnobabies) reworks a lot of common labor and delivery conceptions.
Often times they like to change wordage so that the negative connotations can be removed (like changing contractions to pressure waves). It also teaches you to remove yourself from negative birth talks and to avoid stereotypical birth shows because those can also induce fear (and then pain).
Childbirth Hypnosis is about reestablishing the fact that birth is not scary, it does not need to be painful.
You can work with your body and labor can be shortened as well as calm.
Many hear hypnosis and they think of swinging watches or clucking like a chicken. Never fear, that is NOT what Childbirth Hypnosis is!
You know how when you are just zoning out watching television, you are rather clueless to the world around you? That is the type of hypnosis we are talking about.
Childbirth Hypnosis is a method to get you into a deep relaxation so that you work with your body as it goes through labor and so that the pain is minimized.
This will depend on the method of Childbirth Hypnosis chosen.
There's Hypnobirthing: The Mongan Method which consists of classes and a few cds. However, Hypnobirthing: The Mongan method is lacking in the "at home" options if you can't attend the classes. The at home version is really just a book with a couple cds to listen to.
I tried that and it was a nice "here's what this is like" sample (which is why I'm glad the library had it for me to rent) but it wasn't enough in my opinion.
Hypnobabies is really the best of the best when it comes to Childbirth Hypnosis. There are actual classes that you can take but if you can't find one or afford one then their home study course is very thorough and is what I use.
Hypnobabies comes with a big book full of listening schedules, diet recommendations, and is also a thorough childbirth instruction book.
So while Hypnobabies would assume you want a natural childbirth, it will walk you through all the possibilities. There's no need to take multiple childbirth classes; it does it all!
Along with the book, you get 6 cds to listen to. This is not the method for a slacker. You will be doing homework daily; granted that homework is listening to a relaxing cd.
Homework time varies but I usually did about 1 hour each day. The class is 5 classes for a total of 5 weeks minimum but most women like to stretch the classes out to 10 weeks doing each class for 2 weeks.
During those classes you learn to get your body into deep relaxation and learn how to create a hypo-anesthesia to help minimize any pain.
However, after one emergency cesarean and one medicated VBAC, I knew that if I wanted a natural unmedicated childbirth I needed to find a good method. Now there are many methods of childbirth and they all work.
It's just that you need to know your own self to find the one that works for you. I like to tell people that if you imagine how you are when you are really sick and think about what you'd want, that is a good starting place for choosing a childbirth.
When I'm sick, I cope on my own; I don't want anyone talking to me, telling me what to do, etc. Thus I knew that most childbirth methods were not going to work for me.
Hypnosis can involve others (spouse, doula, friend) but it can also be done by yourself and that's how I work.
At 41 weeks, I had to be induced. Not my ideal. Pitocin stinks, it makes everything worse. Now, previously I had only made it until 4 cm before I chickened out and requested the epidural. This time, I got to a 6 and due to some stuff the doctor was saying and due to the fact that I thought I had a long time before birth, I chickened out.
Now if I had been smart, I would have known that I was in transition. Transition is when most moms start getting scared and thinking they can't do it. Well, as it turned out, I didn't get my epidural until I was a 9! So I had a whopping 30 minutes of epidural and then my daughter was born.
So in hindsight, I could have totally made it. The pitocin made things hard and since I seem to not want to listen to my cd's when I'm actually in labor it was not the best Childbirth Hypnosis experience but it was so much better than before and I know I could have made it, had I known I was that close.
Doesn't sound that convincing does it?
Keep reading for my second attempt at Hypnobabies!
Well, I was convinced that it worked well enough to use Hypnobabies for my fourth baby. This time I only needed a refresher course of Hypnobabies.
At 40 weeks 4 days, I went into labor (on my own!). Once again, I didn't listen to my cd's while in labor – my husband always reminds me that I should but I never do… I really should listen to him.
Even though I wasn't listening to the cd's, I was making use of the techniques I had learned. When I got to the hospital, I was only a 4. I was a little disappointed as I thought I was further along but things were still easy.
By the time paperwork and whatnot was done, I was starting to head into transition. For me this means, contractions on top of contractions (notice I didn't say pressure waves….that was something else I just couldn't get into… but I had convinced myself that I didn't have negative connotations connected to the usual terms).
Transition is harder but even then it wasn't bad. I never thought I wanted to give up this time, I didn't ask for an epidural, I thought I was loud but my husband claims that I wasn't at all.
Hypnobabies made it possible for me to have a natural, unmedicated childbirth.
You can read my FULL birth story here. As I said before, I'm not a poster child for Hypnobabies; I didn't have a pain free birth. I did however have a very minimal pain birth and I'm completely happy with it!
So yes, Childbirth Hypnosis does work!


text:
NGC 2196 je galaksija u zviježđu Zecu.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

2196
NGC 2196


text:
require 'rails_helper'

module Shopart
  RSpec.describe OrderItemsController, type: :controller do

  end
end


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Provide comfort for the family of Stanley Litrenta with a meaningful gesture of sympathy.
Stanley "Red" Litrenta, 85, of New Castle passed away the morning of April 1, 2019 at his residence.
Born in New Castle on January 28, 1934 he was the son of the late Stanley and Anna Sacco Litrenta.
On September 17, 1958 he married his beloved wife, the former Joan Diana, and she survives at home.
Red had worked for PennDot as an inspector for many years until his retirement. He was a member of the Pa. Association of Retired State Employees. Red had served his country as a member of the U.S. Army. He was a member of St. Vitus Church. Red was a dedicated and loyal New Castle High School sports fan and enjoyed attending all the basketball and football games. Red was an avid golfer and enjoyed his daily coffee outings with his friends. Red enjoyed spending time with his family, especially playing board games with his grandchildren. A loving husband, father and grandfather he will be greatly missed by all his family and friends.
In addition to his wife Red is survived by his son, Richard Litrenta and his wife Wende, his brother, Ronald Litrenta and his wife Darlene, his sister-in-law Patti Litrenta all of New Castle, two grandchildren, Raegan and Rocco.
In addition to his parents, Red was preceded in death by his brother, Ralph "Buff" Litrenta and his sister Mary Jane DeSimone.
Visitation will be on Wednesday 3:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. at the Ed & Don DeCarbo Funeral Home and Crematory, 941 South Mill St.
The New Castle Area Honor Guard will perform military rights on Thursday at 9:15 a.m. at the funeral home.
A procession will leave the funeral home on Thursday at 9:30 a.m. for a Mass of Christian Burial at St. Vitus Church at 10:00 a.m. Father William Siple will officiate.
Burial will be in St. Vitus Cemetery.


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Jax Beach restaurant launches line of microwavable grits
Bill Cissel is an Atlantic beach native who started out in the food and beverage industry as a teen.
Author: Kamrel Eppinger
Published: 5:45 AM EDT July 25, 2019
Updated: 7:58 AM EDT July 25, 2019
JACKSONVILLE BEACH, Fla. — Here in the south, grits are a staple. Now, one Jacksonville man is cashing in by creating a line of delicious grits that you can enjoy at home.
Bill Cissel is an Atlantic beach native who got started in the food and beverage industry as a teen. He's owned several different restaurants on the beach since the late '80s with his latest endeavor being RP's Fine Food and Drink.
"Its a really fun business to be in, Cissel said. "You get to meet a lot of people and it's fun to work with the young kids, and really, to me, it's just an extension to having a party."
The local Jax Beach restaurant is known for serving up some of the best tasting grits in town that are also available at Publix.
"So we sat out to develop a heat and eat fully prepared Gracious Grits and we ended up with original creamy grits, and now we have cheese grits, and we have bacon cheese grits and we have bacon grits as well," he said.
Also popular on the menu at RP's Fine Food and Drink are their vegan-friendly buffalo cauliflower wings.
"You take the cauliflower and we cut it just right so it looks like a chicken wing, and then we dust that and fry it, then we toss it in buffalo sauce, and then serve it with celery, carrots, and blue cheese dressing," Cissel said.
The sautéed crab cakes are also a hit.
Credit: fcn
"We're going to take the crab meat and pick it really well, then we are going to mix that with a little bit of seasoning and some egg and mayonnaise, some Old Bay... then we are going to use Panko Bread Crumbs and parsley to make a little cake, and we are going to sauté that up in some butter, Cissel said. "It's going to be golden brown and delicious."
For hours and location click here.
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