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text:
\section{Introduction}
Excitons play an important role for the optical properties of many
semiconductors. Composed of an electron and a hole bound by their Coulomb
attraction, excitons may be considered as artificial atoms that feature a series
of energy levels very similar to that of simple one-electron atoms.
Their
relatively low exciton binding energies
combined with additional effects such as phonon coupling \cite{schweiner2016} or crystal
inhomogeneities, however, render the observation of excited exciton states
inherently difficult. Cuprous oxide (Cu$_2$O) stands out in this respect, as it
features a comparably large Rydberg energy of $\sim86$ meV, which together with
the narrow absorption lines provides well-suited conditions for exciting
excitonic Rydberg states. In fact, recent measurements on Cu$_2$O semiconductors
\cite{kazimierczuk2014giant} have demonstrated the preparation of highly-excited
Rydberg excitons with record-breaking principal quantum numbers of up to
$n=25$. This discovery has sparked renewed theoretical and experimental interest in the field of excitons, ranging from excitonic spectra in magnetic \cite{zielinska2017} and electric \cite{heckoetter2017, zielinska2016} fields as well as non-atomic scaling laws \cite{heckoetter20172} to the breaking of all antiunitary symmetries \cite{schweiner2017} and the onset of quantum chaos \cite{assmann2016}.

A further particular appeal of such Rydberg states stems from their strong mutual
interactions, which, as demonstrated for cold atomic systems \cite{saffman2010},
can lead to enhanced optical nonlinearities of the material
\cite{walther2018giant}. In contrast to ground-state excitons whose low-energy
interactions can often be described in terms of zero-range collisions
\cite{cuiti1998,tassone1999}, the interaction between Rydberg excitons can
become important already on much larger length scales and lead to an exciton
blockade \cite{kazimierczuk2014giant} that prevents the optical excitation of
two excitons within typical distances of several $\mu$m. Under such conditions
the relevant interactions are no longer dominated by exchange effects
\cite{cuiti1998} but are determined by direct Coulomb interactions between the
excitons.

In this work, we determine the interaction between Rydberg excitons in Cu$_2$O.
Our calculations account for the dipole-dipole coupling between energetically
close exciton pair states that is induced by their direct Coulomb interaction
and dominates the overall interaction at the large distances relevant under
experimental conditions \cite{kazimierczuk2014giant} of Rydberg exciton
blockade. Asymptotically, the interaction is of van der Waals type with a van
der Waals coefficient that is found to follow a simple scaling law which was
previously used for Rydberg state interactions of alkaline \cite{singer2005} and
alkaline earth atoms \cite{mukherjee2011}. From our calculations, we determine
the corresponding scaling coefficients, providing easy access to precise values
of Rydberg-exciton van der Waals coefficients in Cu$_2$O for future studies of
many-body effects or nonlinear optical phenomena due to interactions between
highly-excited excitons.

The article is organized as follows. After outlining the determination of
Rydberg exciton wave functions from the semiconductor band structure in
Sec.~(\ref{sec:single}), we describe our calculations of the direct Coulomb pair
interaction in Sec.~(\ref{sec:interaction}). The obtained potential energy
curves are discussed in Sec.~(\ref{sec:vdW}), where we present the
perturbative calculation of the van der Waals interactions and summarize our
results for the van Waals coefficients for a broad range different excitonic
Rydberg states. Finally, implications, limitations and potential applications of
the results are discussed in Sec.~(\ref{sec:discussion}).

\section{Single Exciton states} \label{sec:single}

Bulk {\cuo} is a semiconductor with a cubic crystal structure of the point
group $O_h$ and a direct band gap of $E_g=2.17208~\text{eV}$ at the center of
its Brillouin zone \cite{kazimierczuk2014giant}. Without spin, the uppermost
valence band has $\sy{5}$ symmetry, which is split into an upper $\sy{7}$- and a
lower $\sy{8}$-band by the spin-orbit interaction. These two bands are separated
by a corresponding spin-orbit splitting of $\Delta=131~\text{meV}$ and can be
described by an effective band Hamiltonian derived in Ref.~\cite{suzuki1974}.

Together with the lowest $\sy{6}$ conduction band, these valence bands form two
excitonic series: the so-called yellow ($\sy{6}\otimes\sy{7}$) and green
($\sy{6}\otimes\sy{8}$) series. The optical transition from the excitonic vacuum
to the $s$-excitons is dipole forbidden for both series due to the positive
parity of both the conduction and the valence band. The series of interest to
this work is the yellow series whose $p$-exciton resonances are located below
the band gap and have been observed experimentally \cite{kazimierczuk2014giant}.

We determine the exciton binding energies, $E_{{\bf K},nl}$, and wave
functions, $\tilde{\Psi}({\bf K},{\bf k})$, from the nonparabolic momentum-space
Wannier equation
\begin{equation}
\begin{aligned}
\left[\frac{\hbar^2\left(\alpha\mathbf{K} + \mathbf{k}\right)^2}{2m_e} +
T_h\left(\left|\beta\mathbf{K} - \mathbf{k}\right|^2\right) \right]~\tilde{\Psi}(\mathbf{K},\mathbf{k}) \\
+ \frac{e^2}{8\pi^3\varepsilon_0\varepsilon_r}\int
d^3\mathbf{k}'~\frac{\tilde{\Psi}(\mathbf{K},\mathbf{k}')}{|\mathbf{k}-\mathbf{k}'|^2}  = E~\tilde{\Psi}(\mathbf{K},\mathbf{k})
\label{eq:nonpara-wannier}
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
as described in Ref.~\cite{schoene2016}. Here, the hole's dispersion $T_h$ is
obtained from an angular average over the hole dispersion derived from the
valence band Hamiltonian of Ref.~\cite{suzuki1974} and $\varepsilon_0$ denotes
the vacuum permittivity, while $\varepsilon_r \approx 7.5$ is the static
relative permittivity of {\cuo}.
Furthermore, $\mathbf{k}$ and $\mathbf{K}$ denote the relative and center-of-mass (COM)
momentum of the electron-hole pair, respectively, and $\alpha = m_e/M$ and
$\beta = m_h/M$ denote the mass of the electron ($m_e$) and the hole ($m_h$) in
units of the total exciton mass $M=m_e + m_h$.

The nonparabolicity of the hole dispersion $T_h$ plays an important role for
the bound state properties and yields the leading contribution to the excitonic
quantum defect \cite{schoene2016}. Its effect on the center-of-mass dynamics
with momentum $K$ can, however, be neglected as long as $K\ll\pi/a_l$, where
$a_l$ is the lattice constant. This approximation is well justified because the
momentum of the optical photon that generates the exciton is much smaller than
$\pi/a_l$.
Therefore, we can separate the relative and COM part of the exciton wave
function, whose real-space representation can consequently be written as
\begin{equation}\label{eq:exciton}
\Psi_{\mathbf{K}, nlm}(\mathbf{R}, \mathbf{r}) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{V}} e^{i\mathbf{K}\cdot\mathbf{R}}~ \psi_{nlm}(\mathbf{r}),
\end{equation}
with corresponding energies
\begin{equation}
E_{\mathbf{K},nl} = \frac{\hbar^2\mathbf{K}^2}{2M} + E_{0,nl}.
\end{equation}
Moreover, $\mathbf{R} = \alpha\mathbf{r}_e + \beta\mathbf{r}_h$ and $\mathbf{r} = \mathbf{r}_e - \mathbf{r}_h$, as
illustrated Fig.~\ref{fig:C6fit}a, and $\psi_{nlm}(\mathbf{r})$ denotes the
bound-state wave function obtained from the extended Wannier equation with the
standard quantum numbers $n$, $l$ and $m$.

As we have assumed rotational symmetry and neglected the non-parabolic COM
dispersion, the excitonic states are degenerate with regard to the magnetic
quantum number $m$. The anisotropy of the valence band can be included in this
calculation and would lead to further splitting of states with $l\ge 2$. The
size of this splitting depends on the momentum-space extension and scales
roughly with $n^{-3}$.  The same is true for exchange-splitting of the
S-excitons and both effects are neglected in this work, as they are of minor
importance to the Rydberg states of interest.

 \begin{figure}[t!]
 \begin{center}
  \includegraphics[height=.2\textwidth]{fig1.pdf}
 \end{center}
 \caption{a) Sketch of a pair of excitons $i$ and $j$, consisting of electrons
at $\mathbf{r}_e^{(i),(j)}$ and holes at $\mathbf{r}_h^{(i),(j)}$. The center of
mass coordinates are indicated by $\mathbf{R}_{i,j}$, the exciton separation by
$R_{ij}$. The coordinate system is aligned with $\hat{\mathbf{z}}$. b)
Potential energy surfaces centered around $n=15p$ with corresponding
van-der-Waals curves. The thin lines are obtained from a numerical
diagonalization, whereas the colored lines show the asymptotic results for the
different families of $M$ with $|M|=0$ (black), $|M|=1$ (red), $|M|=2$ (green).
}
\label{fig:C6fit}
\end{figure}

\section{Rydberg exciton interaction potential} \label{sec:interaction}
The pairwise interaction between excitons is given by the sum
\begin{equation}\label{eq:Vij}
\begin{aligned}
 V^{(ij)} = \frac{e^2}{4\pi\varepsilon_0 \varepsilon_r} \left(
\frac{1}{|\mathbf{r}_{e}^{(i)} - \mathbf{r}_{e}^{(j)}|} +
\frac{1}{|\mathbf{r}_{h}^{(i)} - \mathbf{r}_{h}^{(j)}|} \right.\\
 \left. - \frac{1}{|\mathbf{r}_{e}^{(i)} - \mathbf{r}_{h}^{(j)}|} -
\frac{1}{|\mathbf{r}_{e}^{(i)} - \mathbf{r}_{h}^{(j)}|} \right)
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
of mutual Coulomb interactions between the electron and hole of one exciton at
respective positions $\mathbf{r}^{(i)}_{e}$ and $\mathbf{r}^{(i)}_{h}$,
respectively, and another electron-hole pair at positions
$\mathbf{r}^{(j)}_{e}$ and $\mathbf{r}^{(j)}_{h}$. Within a multipole expansion,
the interaction can be rewritten \cite{singer2005} as a series of inverse powers
of the exciton COM distance $R_{ij} = |\mathbf{R}_{i} - \mathbf{R}_{j}|$
\begin{align}
 V^{(ij)} &=  \frac{e^2}{4\pi\varepsilon_0 \varepsilon_r} \sum_{l,L=1}^{\infty}
\frac{\mathcal{V}_{lL}(\mathbf{r}_i, \mathbf{r}_{j})}{{R_{ij}}^{l+L+1}}
\label{eq:multipole_expansion},
\end{align}
where
\begin{align}
\mathcal{ V}_{lL}(\mathbf{r}_i, \mathbf{r}_{j}) &= \frac{(-1)^L
4\pi}{\sqrt{(2l+1)(2L+1)}} r^l_i r^L_j\\
& \sum_m \sqrt{\binom{l+L}{l+m}\binom{l+L}{L+m}}  Y_{lm}
(\hat{\mathbf{r}}_{i})Y_{L-m} (\hat{\mathbf{r}}_{j})
\end{align}
and $Y_{lm} $ denotes the spherical harmonics defined with respect to the
distance vector ${\bf R}_{ij}$.

While the interaction between ground-state excitons \cite{cuiti1998} can be
often estimated from first-order perturbation theory, by evaluating Coulomb
scattering matrix elements based on Hartree-Fock states for pairs of
interacting excitons, such an approximation \cite{shahnazaryan2016} becomes
inapplicable for excitonic Rydberg states whose large polarizability
\cite{walker2008, kazimierczuk2014giant, saffman2010} requires a
non-perturbative treatment of the Coulomb interactions. In this regime, the
exciton interaction predominantly stems from the virtual dipole-dipole coupling
between exciton bound states while exchange effects are negligibly small. This
is typically the case for exciton distances  \cite{leroy1974}
\begin{align}
R_{ij} \gg 2 \cdot \left(\sqrt{\langle r_i^2}  \rangle+\sqrt{\langle r_j^2
\rangle}\right).
\end{align}
Note that this condition also ensures convergence of the above multipole
expansion, Eq.~(\ref{eq:multipole_expansion}), which for sufficiently large
distances is predominantly determined by the dipole-dipole contribution $l=L=1$,
such that
\begin{equation}\label{eq:V_dd}
\begin{aligned}
 V^{(ij)} \approx \frac{e^2}{4\pi\varepsilon_0 \varepsilon_r} \left( \frac{r_i
r_j}{R_{ij}^3} - \frac{3(\mathbf{r}_i \cdot \mathbf{R}_{ij}) (\mathbf{r}_j \cdot
\mathbf{R}_{ij})}{R_{ij}^5} \right)
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}

We proceed by expanding the resulting Hamiltonian for the two interacting
excitons in a pair product basis $|{\bf s}_i,{\bf s}_j\rangle=|n_i l_i m_i,n_j
l_j m_j\rangle$ composed of the single-exciton states $\psi_{n_i,l_i,m_i}({\bf
r}_i)$ and $\psi_{n_j,l_j,m_j}({\bf r}_j)$, discussed in Sec.~\ref{sec:single}.
The adiabatic Born-Oppenheimer potentials are then obtained by diagonalizing the
resulting internal-state Hamiltonian for a given exciton distance $R_{ij}$. Its
diagonal elements are given by $E_{0,n_il_i}+E_{0,n_jl_j}$ while the
off-diagonal coupling terms $\langle {\bf s}_i,{\bf s}_j|V^{(ij)}|{\bf
s}_i^\prime,{\bf s}_j^\prime\rangle$ are calculated using Eq.~(\ref{eq:V_dd}).
We choose a quantization that is aligned with ${\bf R}_{ij}$, such that the
total angular momentum $M=m_i+m_j$ is conserved and remains a good quantum
number for the two-exciton states in the presence of interaction.

The numerical diagonalization then yields potential energy surfaces
$U_\mu(R_{ij})$ and associated two-exciton states $|\mu({ R}_{ij})\rangle$.
Examples of the resulting interaction curves are shown in
Fig.~\ref{fig:C6fit}(b) for exciton-pair states around the $15p$ asymptote
for different values of $M$. The relevant values of $n$, $l$ and $m$ are
dictated by the band symmetry and the chosen excitation scheme as well as the
frequency and polarization of the involved excitation lasers. The polarization
of the laser that drives the Rydberg state transition defines another axis that
generally can have a finite angle with the chosen quantization axis aligned
along the distance vector ${\bf R}_{ij}$, such that the optical coupling
strength can depend on the orientation of the exciton pair through the state
composition of the two-exciton state $|\mu({ R}_{ij})\rangle$, as discussed
below.

\section{Excitonic van der Waals interactions} \label{sec:vdW}
The interaction potential and associated two-exciton states assume a simple
form for large distances $R_{ij}$ where
\begin{align}
\left|\langle {\bf s}_i,{\bf s}_j|V^{(ij)}|{\bf s}_i^\prime,{\bf
s}_j^\prime\rangle\right| \!\ll\!
\left|E_{0,n_il_i}+E_{0,n_jl_j}-E_{0,n_i^\prime l_i^\prime}-E_{0,n_j^\prime
l_j^\prime}\right|
\end{align}
such that the dipole-dipole interaction only induces a weak far off-resonant
coupling to other exciton pair states. Due to the aforementioned interaction
blockade of exciton excitation, this condition can be satisfied in previous
Cu$_2$O experiments \cite{kazimierczuk2014giant}.
We can thus apply degenerate second-order perturbation theory in the form of an
effective operator
\begin{equation}
\begin{aligned} \label{eq:vdW}
\hat{H}_{\text{vdW}} &= \left(\frac{e^2}{4\pi\varepsilon_0 \varepsilon_r
R_{ij}^3 } \right)^2 \sum_{|\alpha \rangle \notin
\mathcal{M}}\frac{\hat{V}_{11}^{(ij)} |\alpha\rangle \langle \alpha
|\hat{V}_{11}^{(ij)}}{\delta} \\
 &= \sum_{\mu} \frac{C^{\mu}_{6}}{R_{ij}^6} |\mu\rangle \langle \mu |
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
whose action is restricted to the degenerate subspaces $\mathcal{M} = \{ | s_i
s_j\rangle \}$ of fixed $l$ and $M$ at energy $\bar{E}$ \cite{walker2008}. Here
$\delta = 2\bar{E} - E_{\alpha}$ is the F\"orster defect, while the two-exciton
eigenstates $|\mu\rangle$ are now independent of the distance $R_{ij}$ but can
still be composed of several pair states $|{\bf s}_i,{\bf s}_j\rangle$. As shown
in Fig.~\ref{fig:C6fit}(b) for $n=15$, the van der Waals interaction potential
obtained in this way provides an excellent description of our numerical results
already for $R\gtrsim 2.5~\mu$m.

\begin{figure}[ht]
 \begin{center}
 \includegraphics[height=.8\textwidth]{fig2.pdf}
 \end{center}
 \caption{$C_6$ values for a) the $s-s$, b) $p-p$ and c) $d-d$ asymptotes. The
fits are for extrapolation for $n \geq 12$. Colored lines denote the families of
$M$ with $|M|=0$ (black), $|M|=1$ (red), $|M|=2$ (green), $|M|=3$ (blue),
$|M|=4$ (brown).}\label{fig:C6}
\end{figure}

Figure~\ref{fig:C6} and Tab.~\ref{tab:results} summarize our results for the
van der Waals interaction between Cu$_2$O Rydberg excitons with angular momenta
$l=0$ (s), $l=1$ (p) and $l=2$ (d). The simplest asymptote is that of two
$s$-excitons. With only one asymptotic state  $|n00,n00 \rangle$,
Eq.~(\ref{eq:vdW}) reduces to standard non-degenerate perturbation theory. For
higher angular momenta, $l>0$, however, the degenerate pair states get mixed by
the interaction as given in Tab.~(\ref{tab:results}).
The results are invariant with respect to the sign of $M$, reflecting the
correponding symmetry of the exciton pair.

This leaves a total of $2l+1$ different $|M|$-states for a given $l$ and
$2l+1-|M|$ states within each of the $(l, |M|)$-manifolds, which are indicated
by different colors in Fig.~\ref{fig:C6fit}(b). The depicted van der Waals
coefficients and associated eigenstates have been obtained by diagonalizing
Eq.~(\ref{eq:vdW}) in each $(l, |M|)$-subspace. While the result of this
calculation may in general depend on the precise value of the principal quantum
number $n$ through the corresponding coupling strengths to other pair states
and their relative energy separation, the obtained eigenstates turn out to be
virtually independent of $n$ (cf. standard deviations given in
Tab.~(\ref{tab:results})).

\begin{table*}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline
$\mathbf{|M|}$ & \textbf{composition of $ns-ns$ asymptote} &
$\frac{\mathbf{c_0}}{2\pi}$ [mHz $\mu$m$^6$] & $\frac{\mathbf{c_1}}{2\pi}$ [mHz
$\mu$m$^6$] & $\frac{\mathbf{c_2}}{2\pi}$ [mHz $\mu$m$^6$] \\
  &  & $\times 10^{1}$  & $\times 10^{2}$  & $\times 10^{3}$  \\
\hline
\hline
 0 & $\basev{n00}{n00}$ & -2.046  & -0.672  & 0.125  \\
\hline
\hline
$\mathbf{|M|}$ & \textbf{composition of $np-np$ asymptote} &&&\\
2 & $\basev{n11}{n11}$ & 1.257  & 3.641  & -0.666  \\
\hline
1 & $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\basev{n10}{n11} -\basev{n11}{n10})$ & 5.853  & 8.372  & -1.503 \\
1 & $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\basev{n10}{n11} +\basev{n11}{n10})$  & -3.574  & 0.680  & -0.160\\
\hline
0 & $(-0.252  \pm  0.003)(\basev{n1-1}{n11}+\basev{n11}{n1-1}) + $ & 8.159  & 11.549  & -2.067\\
& $(0.934  \pm  0.001)\basev{n10}{n10} $  & & & \\
0 & $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\basev{n1-1}{n11} - \basev{n11}{n1-1})$ & -3.456  & -0.205  &
0.006\\
0 & $(0.661  \pm  0.001)(\basev{n1-1}{n11}+\basev{n11}{n1-1}) +$ & -4.371  & 0.608  & -0.143 \\
& $(0.356  \pm  0.004)\basev{n10}{n10}$ &&& \\
\hline
\hline
$\mathbf{|M|}$ & \textbf{composition of $nd-nd$ asymptote} &  &  &  \\
4 & $\basev{n22}{n22}$ & 6.247  & 4.067  & -0.719 \\
\hline
3 & $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\basev{n21}{n22} +\basev{n22}{n21})$ & -2.201  & -1.936  & 0.481\\
3 & $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\basev{n21}{n22} -\basev{n22}{n21})$ & 10.906  & 7.237  & -1.317\\
\hline
2 & $-0.429(\basev{n20}{n22}+\basev{n22}{n20})+0.795\basev{n21}{n21}$ & 14.881  & 9.862  & -1.807 \\
2 & $\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\basev{n20}{n22}-\basev{n22}{n20})$ & 1.536  & 0.650  & -0.018\\
2 & $0.562(\basev{n20}{n22}+\basev{n22}{n20})+0.607\basev{n21}{n21}$ & -4.005  & -3.752  & 0.889 \\
\hline
1 & $0.218(\basev{n2-1}{n22}-\basev{n22}{n2-1})-0.673(\basev{n20}{n21}-\basev{n21}{n20})$ & 17.480  &
11.564  & -2.125 \\
1 & $(-0.465 \pm 0.001)(\basev{n2-1}{n22}+\basev{n22}{n2-1})+ $ & 4.604  & 2.582  & -0.373\\
& $(0.533 \pm 0.001)(\basev{n20}{n21}+\basev{n21}{n20})$ &&& \\
1 & $(0.533\pm0.001)(\basev{n2-1}{n22}+\basev{n22}{n2-1})+$ & -3.559  & -3.905  & 0.954\\
& $(0.465\pm0.001)(\basev{n20}{n21}+\basev{n21}{n20})$ & && \\
1 & $-0.673(\basev{n2-1}{n22}-\basev{n22}{n2-1})-0.218(\basev{n20}{n21}-\basev{n21}{n20})$ & -2.017  & -2.208  & 0.567 \\
\hline
0 & $-0.082(\basev{n2-2}{n22}+\basev{n22}{n2-2})+$ & 18.386  & 12.153  & -2.234\\
& $0.451(\basev{n2-1}{n21}+\basev{n21}{n2-1})-0.762\basev{n20}{n20}$ &&& \\
0 & $(-0.222  \pm  0.001)(\basev{n2-2}{n22}-\basev{n22}{n2-2})+$ & 5.559  & 3.240  & -0.501\\
& $0.671(\basev{n2-1}{n21}-\basev{n21}{n2-1})$ &&& \\
0 & $(0.343  \pm  0.004)(\basev{n2-2}{n22} + \basev{n22}{n2-2}) + $ & -0.146  & -1.315  & 0.434 \\
 & $(-0.448  \pm  0.003)(\basev{n2-1}{n21}+\basev{n21}{n2-1}) + $&&&\\
 & $(-0.603  \pm  0.001)\basev{n20}{n20}$ &  & & \\
0 & $(0.613  \pm  0.002)(\basev{n2-2}{n22}+\basev{n22}{n2-2}) + $ & -3.861  & -4.031  & 0.956\\
 & $(0.311  \pm  0.003)(\basev{n2-1}{n21}+\basev{n21}{n2-1})+$ &&&\\
 &$(0.236  \pm  0.004)\basev{n20}{n20}$ & & & \\
0 & $-0.671(\basev{n2-2}{n22}-\basev{n22}{n2-2})+$ &&&\\
& $(-0.222  \pm  0.001)(\basev{n2-1}{n21}-\basev{n21}{n2-1})$ & -3.736  & -3.639  & 0.850\\
\hline
 \end{tabular}
 \end{center}
\caption{Various asymptotes listed by quantum numbers $l, M$ with corresponding
approximate asymptotic wavefunctions and van der Waals coefficients $C_6(n) =
n^{11} (c_0 + c_1 n + c_2 n^2)$ as obtained from fitting for principal quantum
numbers $n=12\text{--}25$. The given errors are standard deviations calculated
from the numerically obtained eigenfunctions. }\label{tab:results}
\end{table*}

The van der Waals interaction rapidly increases with the principal quantum
number $n$. This is due to the quadratic increase of the dipole matrix elements
for transitions between Rydberg states and the decreasing level spacing, such
that $\delta \sim n^{-3}$, which overall results in an increase of the van der
Waals coefficient as $C_6\sim n^{11}$. Similar to the behavior of atomic systems
\cite{singer2005}, our numerical results can be well described by the slightly
modified scaling relation
\begin{align}
 C_6(n) = n^{11}\left( c_0 + c_1 n^1 + c_2 n^2 \right),
\end{align}
whose coefficients $c_i$ depend on the angular numbers and are given in
Tab.~\ref{tab:results}. As shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:C6}, this simple expression
permits an accurate determination of the van der Waals interaction for the
depicted range $12\lesssim n\lesssim 25$.

 \begin{figure}[ht]
 \begin{center}
 \includegraphics[height=.18\textwidth]{fig3.pdf}
 \end{center}
 \caption{At $n=11$ a near F\"orster resonance in the channel $np + np
\rightarrow (n-1)d + (n+1)d$ leads to outlying points in the otherwise quite
homogeneous range of $C_6(n)$. b) The F\"{o}rster defect $\delta$ of the given
channel passes zero near $n=11$. Taking the repulsive part of the interaction as
an example, the numerical solution (blue dots) is compared with the long-range
asymptote with $|M|=0$ (black), $|M|=1$ (red), $|M|=2$ (green) for $n=11$ (b)
and $n=12$ (c). The color code denotes the relative $p$-component of each
asymptote. Despite of the near resonance at $n=11$, their difference is small as
long as $R \gtrsim 1\mu$m since the dominant channels fall into the van der
Waals regime.}
\label{fig:resonance}
\end{figure}

The van der Waals coefficients of the $np-np$ asymptotes for $n=11$, however,
show slightly larger deviations. This is due to the $np + np \rightarrow (n-1)d
+ (n+1)d$ coupling channel, which becomes near resonant around $n=11$ as shown
in Fig.~\ref{fig:resonance}(a). As the denominator in Eq.~(\ref{eq:vdW}) goes
through a minimum, the resulting van der Waals interaction is enhanced, while
the validity of Eq.~(\ref{eq:vdW}) requires larger exciton distances. However, a
comparison with our numerical results [Fig. (\ref{fig:resonance}(b)] shows that
the agreement remains good even at relatively small exciton separations of
$\sim1\mu$m, comparable to what is also required for $n=12$ in the absence of
the F\"orster resonance.

An interesting and often relevant situation arises when an external field
introduces an axis that is not parallel to the intermolecular axis
$\mathbf{R}_{ij}$. Examples include electric and magnetic fields as well as a
tilted excitation laser, each defining a new axis $\hat{\mathbf{z}}^\text{lab}$.
Without loss of generality, we assume that the molecular axis lies in the
$(x,z)$-plane of the laboratory frame, such that the two
$\hat{\mathbf{z}}$-axes span the interaction angle $\theta$ \cite{weber2016}. A
general transformation of the states between the frames is given by
\begin{align}
|n l m\rangle^\text{mol} = \sum_{m^\prime} \left[d_{m
m^\prime}^{l}(\theta)\right]^* |n l m^\prime \rangle^\text{lab},
\end{align}
where $d_{m m^\prime}^{l}(\theta)$ denotes elements of the lowercase Wigner
d-matrix \cite{wigner1959}. While it is often advantageous to express the
external field in the molecular frame, we illustrate the angular dependence by
evaluating the optical coupling strengths of the $p-p$ asymptotic pair states
in the laboratory frame. For a definite laser polarization, only certain pair
states are optically active and the optical coupling, given by the their overlap
with the optically active pair state, becomes a function of $\theta$
(Fig.~\ref{fig:rotation}).

\begin{figure}[ht]
 \begin{center}
 \includegraphics[height=.3\textwidth]{fig4.pdf}
 \end{center}
\caption{Overlap of the optically active pair state $\phi_a$ with the
asymptotic molecular eigenstates $|\mu\rangle$, $\mathcal{O} = |\langle \phi_a
| \mu \rangle|^2$. Here, for illustration, we chose $|\phi_a\rangle =
|n11,n11\rangle$ for $\sigma^+$-light and the eigenstates of the
$p-p$-asymptote (labeled as listed in Tab. \ref{tab:results}). Note that
antisymmetric states 2 and 5 do not couple to the excitation laser.}
\label{fig:rotation}
\end{figure}

\section{Discussion} \label{sec:discussion}

In summary, we have evaluated the interaction between Rydberg excitons in
Cu$_2$O semiconductors and provided an expression that, together with the
tabulated parameters, facilitates a simple and yet accurate determination of
the resulting van der Waals interaction for a broad range of Rydberg states.
Such van der Waals interactions may be responsible for the recently observed
\cite{kazimierczuk2014giant} excitation blockade of excitons in Cu$_2$O. The
highest lying exciton state reported in these experiments ($n=25$) covers a 4
million times larger volume than the $2p$-exciton state, owing to the $\sim n^2$
scaling of the exciton radius. Such a large radius entails an even higher
enhancement of the  polarizability as $\sim n^7$, such that electrostatic
interactions become relevant at exciton separations where exchange effects are
negligible.

The importance of long-range dipole interactions for Rydberg excitons is
connected to the way they are created by optical excitation.
Shifts of the Rydberg pair-state energy due to exciton-exciton interactions can
inhibit the simultaneous generation of Rydberg excitons within a certain radius
once they exceed the width of the corresponding exciton line. For strong
interactions and sufficiently narrow excitation lines, this excitation blockade
effect thus ensures that excitons are only created at distances where van der
Waals interactions dominate. This may open up a new regime where strong
interaction effects become observable at very low densities of excitons, which
therefore interact over long distances in a quasi-static fashion, as opposed to
short-range collisional interactions that determine the behaviour of
ground-state excitons.
The accurate knowledge of van der Waals interactions between Rydberg excitons,
as provided by the present work, enables quantitative theoretical studies of this
blockade effect. This in turn would also make it possible to estimate the
importance of other mechanisms such as interactions with the free charges of
potentially forming electron-hole plasmas \cite{heckoetter2017} and to thereby determine their
relative contribution to the nonlinear optical response of the semiconductor.

One major difference between the typical scales of Rydberg states of excitons
and atomic Rydberg states stems from the effective electron and hole masses as
well as the dielectric constant, $\varepsilon_r$, of the semiconductor. Both
factors tend to decrease the binding energy and lead to a decrease of the
Rydberg constant by a factor $\nu = \mu_X/(\mu_A\varepsilon_r^2)$, where $\mu_X$ and
$\mu_A$ denote the reduced mass of the excitonic and atomic system,
respectively. On the other hand, the excitonic radius is increased by a factor
$(\varepsilon_r \nu)^{-1}$.
Therefore we expect the van der Waals coefficient to
increase as  $\sim \varepsilon_r^4\mu_A^5/\mu_X^5$. Accordingly, the van der
Waals coefficients as calculated in the present work exceed those of typical
atomic Rydberg states with comparable quantum numbers
\cite{singer2005,mukherjee2011} by 5 orders of magnitude.
This also opens the search for other suitable semiconductor systems with Rydberg states \cite{chernikov2014exciton, Greenland2010}, each featuring different interaction properties and additional rich physics \cite{wang2018}.

Rydberg excitons thus suggest promising avenues to studies of strong
interaction effects in confined geometries \cite{krueger2018}, optical
nonlinearities \cite{walther2018giant} or nonclassical light generation
\cite{bloch2018, khanzali2017} at ultralow exciton densities. The results of the present work
provide simple yet accurate interaction potentials for future theoretical
explorations of these perspectives.

\section{Acknowledgement}
We would like to thank the authors of Ref.~\cite{weber2016} for sharing their
Rydberg potential software ``pairinteraction'', parts of which we used in the
exact diagonalization. We are grateful to the DFG SPP 1929 GiRyd for financial
support.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
MeroveeKeep Watching The Skies, Metaphysics, Spiritual, SynchronicityAscension shift 2021, Astra Zeneca trial postponed, Consciousness shift, Consciousness shift 2021, Quantum reality89 Comments
Over here in the UK, the Astra Zeneca vaccine trial has been postponed.
It's been pawsed.
Surreal : 'Beyond Real'.
Opposite me is this house. With normal vision it looks like a solid brick house but through another set of eyes it looks like a Hansel and Gretel chocolate box house. I suspect 'Through the eyes of a child' is the correct vision.
The Space Between Us.
The Black Hole is getting closer. It's now on the edge of the solar system.
War of the Worlds.
And Two World Wars.
The War of the Words.
Even Stay Wild has gone Quantum.
And the moral of the story – it's freaky !
A Dali Mars
89 thoughts on "Paws"
If it looks like a duck.
I think Mr Bezos maybe trying to build a time tunnel in Texas in plain sight with his 10,000 year clock.
Circling back or something.
Anything to keep "mind", instead of heart.
When you see what these people (Bezos, Gates, etc), it doesn't make sense. Except when you consider it might be for someone or something on another planet.
And energy.
From MJ on her travels – Shell Energy.
And playing with ideas. Icke thought the signal was coming from the Moon. What are the planets and what is space ?
And I'm working on the principle everything 'out there' is a reflection of internal consciousness what are they ? Astrology definitely seems to be real . Tell me about Mercury Retrograde. All my electronics goes haywire. Are they just pure energy ? And this energy is manipulated. At the same time they seem to have sort of reality.
This speaks to me : 'Everything that appears in the physical realm is always connected with energy flow at the invisible level'.
And watt is the weird thing at the edge of the solar system ?
Everything "out there" is here and within, etc. I agree! I am looking at this from a perspective of trying to understand. If we talk about planets, then planets are within, as much as I can observe them with my eyes, telescope.
Mercury…it's the communication thing. And we speak Angle-ish. I know I say this all the time, but I really think that English languish is a hypnotic spell! And I wish I spoke other languages!
There is a Hebrew story about Adam and Eve. In the garden, Adam and Eve 'kissed' each other without feeling any shame or guilt.(that's the G-rated version, I guess). Anyway, it means that there was harmony…and likely NO WORDS! Because why would you need them?!
I think the planets probably do have a form of solid reality. It's like the Hansel and Gretel chocolate box house opposite me which I included in the article. It's not real IMO but it does have a form of reality. I can see it and touch it and somebody seems to live in it and at the same time it's a Hansel and Gretel chocolate box house.
Who and what keeps the game going ? It seems to be mind stuff but there seems to be a consciousness which understands and manipulates the reality.
Shells! Who was born from? 🙂
Shells are currency. In native tribes along the eastern coast and inland, it's called wampum
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wampum
Shells. They are beautiful. And life imitates ART. If you have the shell, (from which Aphrodite, or love, is born), then you have the most valuable. The "covenant" among native tribes weaved a beautiful pattern with wampum.
"Wampum belts are a tapestry of art and tribal history. Made from the purple and white shells of the whelk and quahog, wampum beads embody the Wampanoag connection to the sea and to life itself. Each shell bead is imbued with memory and meaning by the maker."
https://mayflower400southampton.co.uk/events-and-workshops/wampum-belt/
This is totally insane. Off the scale.
I just went and threw out the rubbish.
The tortoise shell.
The Clause and the Pause.
🐶Am I edible ?? Let me try … !🙄😄
( xclusivsav /TkTk ) pic.twitter.com/xSVJnxedd5
— Stefano S. Magi (@myworld2121) April 7, 2021
Cats are the ultimate zen master.
Why do anything other than take naps in the sun? hoo mans could learn from cats. Take a paws…
Laura Pausini…Seen
Sophia…Sofia…and the Dark Matter
'If you want me
I'm here
No one sees you
I want you to know you're seen.'
The Life Ahead
Pause for thought. And Anti Matter.
Have they left you alone about innoculation now ? Luckily enough no one has invited me to have the jab .
Getting desperate . 'Get your jab, get your second jab' even though it will you give you a blood clot and vaccinate you against something that doesn't exist IMO. It's bollocks.
"The best thing people should do is look at what the MHRA say, our independent regulator – that's why we have them, that's why they are independent," said Johnson, who has received a first dose of the vaccine himself. "Their advice to people is to keep going out there, get your jab, get your second jab."
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/06/oxfordastrazeneca-jab-could-have-causal-link-to-rare-blood-clots-say-uk-experts
Who pays the piper ? The Government and Big Pharma. That's OK then.
'The MHRA is funded by the Department of Health and Social Care for the regulation of medical devices, whilst the costs of medicines regulation is met through fees from the pharmaceutical industry.'
And reading the runes. Netflix said Contagion was ending on 3rd April . We'll see.
CLICK5: Young Bloods & Old Skool https://t.co/vbkDfwvzb4 via @Roobeedoo1 pic.twitter.com/vXakeOORqI
— RooBeeDoo (@RooBeeDoo1) April 7, 2021
the languish and 'marketing'! Sorry, I didn't think health matters would need a marketing department. The opposite is the case here in the US.
as TRANCE eca
Astra (likely means 'star')
Zeneca… me thinks some Roman stuff going on here?
SENECA! Hunger Games! (the colosseum, the fight, the games, the sport, OLYMPICS, NFLilim, etc)
https://thehungergames.fandom.com/wiki/Seneca_Crane
Astra Seneca.
What do Romans speak? LATIN (NATAL)
Why do the names in The Hunger Games all seem Latin?
Caesar Flickerman
Haymich
Peetah
And yes, I acknowledge the names here…just trying to figure it out.
Suzanne Collins is from Sandy Hook. So is Bruce (CAITLYN (natal) Jenner (gene)). OLYMPIAN
"Call me CAITLYN"
CAITLYN is LATIN
more from that…
"The Ballad of Songbirds and Snakes is a book set in the universe of the The Hunger Games. It follows Coriolanus Snow, who is chosen to mentor a tribute in the upcoming 10th Hunger Games. He hopes of securing a scholarship to the University for mentoring a winning tribute. Coriolanus is assigned the District 12 tribute, Lucy Gray Baird, who sparks the Capitol's attention after singing during the reaping. Coriolanus's friend Sejanus, originally from District 2, is shocked when he is paired with a tribute from District 2 and doesn't want to continue mentoring in the games.
When Coriolanus realizes that the tributes have not been fed since arriving in the Capitol, he begins sneaking Lucy Gray food from the Academy. The other mentors follow suit, but the arrangement ends when one mentor, Arachne Crane, is murdered by her tribute after Arachne taunts them with food. Clemensia, Coriolanus's team member is distraught by the murder, leaving Coriolanus to complete an essay they were to do together by himself. He presents the essay to Head Gamemaker Volumnia Gaul, proposing a betting scheme and sponsorship of the tributes to engage the people of the Capitol in the Games. Dr. Gaul drops the essay into a tank of genetically modified snakes, or "muttations", then convinces Clemensia to retrieve it. The snakes are unfamiliar with Clemensia's scent, because Coriolanus had been the only one to touch the essay. They attack Clemensia, and she is severely poisoned, proving that Coriolanus was the sole author of the project."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ballad_of_Songbirds_and_Snakes
I'm not going along with this stupid tale. It's where I put boundaries. And someone told me once, "if it feels awkward to set boundaries with someone, you definitely need to".
Why with Gates? I dunno. A spell. Just because it's Gates, doesn't mean we aren't the ones that need gates!
Quantum vaccines.
https://www.gov.uk/government/news/moderna-vaccine-becomes-third-covid-19-vaccine-approved-by-uk-regulator
'We are so ingrained in the idea that we are separate from other people and, yet, the design of the universe means that you aren't just a part of Infinite Being. You ARE Infinite Being as it experiences itself from your particular viewpoint.
This is not wishful thinking. It's the way the universe was designed. It's standard metaphysics.
What this means is that you, an apparent individual in this physical world, are connected all the way up through the stairway to heaven, or the different layers of consciousness, to your essential nature as the One.
This means that you don't just have the potential that you were led to imagine. You have, because of who you are deep inside, infinite potential. Infinite Being has infinite potential. You, therefore, have infinite potential for the expansion of your conscious awareness in your journey all the way back home to that from which you originally came.'
https://spiritlibrary.com/owen-waters/the-one-law-of-creation-part-2
That is the thing to remember while digging through this madness and chaos.Thank you.
I can see how my comments would seem like fear porn but I don't see it that way. For me, it is a way to understanding. No victims. No predators. No feelings of wanting to see 'justice'. Just tired of wearing masks and feeling like I am on someone or something else's stupid plan for existing.
The Fountain of Youth ! Again why the mirror ?
And Dreamstate Logic.
I had a dream a couple of nights ago. In the dream I was playing for the England football / soccer team and for some reason we were invited to meet Pope Francis. What was interesting was the Pope Francis in the dream was totally different to the one we see. Our Pope Francis seems jovial but in the dream he was younger and about 60 and had a different physical appearance and slightly more business like. He didn't look like me. I told him Francis was a good name and he seemed very surprised to meet me. I wonder if our dreams have some sort of reality in another dimension.
And I told Wayne Rooney and Rio Ferdinand – ex England footballers but in the dream as members of the football team – 'you won't understand this but Pope Francis is the projection of me and he doesn't exist' and then I woke up.
About Mars and war and 2 Of Everything.
I think Hiroshima and Nagasaki are the same event in mirror dimensions or realities. And the Mind, to keep the illusion of one straight history and linear time shows it as two separate events.
There is time manipulation happening NOW! It's like 2012 all over again!
from bibliotecapleyades
"Many missing puzzle pieces of my journey began to fall actually into place in my late 20's, when I encountered something extremely dangerous concerning a Mars colony, global security, the fate of the human race and the famous date of 2012 – a potent marker embedded in my spiritual DNA and the basis of my ongoing interdisciplinary research."
"Right after 9/11 and in the midst of much global turmoil, we synchronistically met at a psychic program, where we were recognized for our charismatic presence and accurate skills. Encountering her vibrant and free-loving spirit and seeing her symbol-weaving ancient story in her tattoos and talismans, I felt an instant recognition.
Realizing we had been experiencing parallel traumas, since childhood and in the program, we also left the place at the same time.
Several years of friendship later, in the spring of 2006 in Washington DC, I met her and her new romantic partner, who I will call Agent X. He claimed to know himself archetypally as Joseph of Arimathea/Osiris/Orion and affiliated with different, interlinked secret societies, e.g. Knights Templar and Freemasons.
He and Laura quickly formed an intimate relationship, and I helped conduct a 'Divine Union' rites of passage for them.
Agent X revealed that his group had identified her through her bloodline, as the matrilineal great-granddaughter of 34th U.S. President Eisenhower (and the Allied Commander who defeated Hitler). As well, they knew her as a unique reincarnation of Magdalene/Sophia/Isis (ever since she was young, many psychics have recognized her).
He also said his group was interested in her twin sons, who they knew as Romulus and Remus (founders of Rome) and the hero twin archetypes in the Mayan prophecy.
They had a list of male partners, who she could be with in possible timelines, and he was one of them. They targeted her (especially her heart) and these men through electromagnetic or psychic weaponry, and indeed many men tried to destroy her throughout her life. Agent X admitted that he (as well as his parents) was implanted with a chip and had a multiple personality disorder, which involves very sudden robotic and abusive behaviors.
This is the typical profile of someone who was subjected to well-documented MK-ULTRA experiments and multi-generational occult ritual abuse.
While Agent X didn't reveal what he knew about me or how I could have been identified in various timelines, Laura herself has confirmed to me my own inner knowledge of my very few incarnations. Like her, I've met also a series of men who were variously Nazi manipulated and ET abused since childhood and who created very uneasy environments for me.
Their data about Laura and her partners were seemingly gathered through a time viewing device (which they had called 'Looking Glass') or 'Orion's Cube' or possibly through remote viewing or even time travel – all part of their cadre of top classified technologies (already disclosed in increasing black projects literature).
Credible whistleblowers have proposed too that I could be a 'person of interest.'
This includes lawyer Andrew D. Basiago who was recruited into DARPA's Project Pegasus in the 1960's-70's to teleport to Mars based on Tesla technologies, and who also attests to the use of time devices known as 'Chronovisors' in order to collect data about future leaders, as well as able to track past lives"
https://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/marte/esp_marte_60.htm
that was me
That's on the same lines as my DNA cloning memory and the message from the clone on Mars and using wormhole technology and about same time as well. It was about 1970 when I was 10.
For me, the non-realness is at an all-time high. There's real people, not real people and some people are somewhere in the middle. And with the pope Francis thing, it almost feels like neural pathways were hacked and therefore a reflection was made. But why?
It does feel like the mind is trapped in a way. But the 'fabric' is really becoming frayed. The show can't go on forever.
Maybe it is just a dream.
It is seriously weird at present ! I get the feeling that we're on the outside looking in and inside looking out and also piggy in the middle.
About Dreamland. In the past my dreams and the 'waking dream' were separate. Recently they've become less so. As an example I was having a dream about a week ago and I had lost my mobile phone in the dream and wanted to email Jenny and I was getting anxious. In the dream I said to the Universe 'Show me where the phone is' and the next second I woke up and it was next to me and then I emailed Jenny. So that was sorted 🤔.
And Prince Philip. You just get the feeling that the Royal Family and Bidens and Trumps and Pope Francis x 2 etc really don't exist. In Redhill this morning some of the people were acting in the most peculiar way. Strange walks and mannerisms and looking and sounding very odd. Don't think they are real.
And this showed up this morning. Infinity hypercube . And Alice which takes in Alice in Wonderland and also CERN.
Like and RT if you get this. 🎵🎵 pic.twitter.com/OtSYrOXqvE
— Bob Kostic (@causticbob) April 9, 2021
We seem to have come to a time where all the mad theories seem to be real . Multi dimensional dreams and wormholes and different timelines and Hansel and Gretel houses and all the rest of it. Maybe it's simply a case of 'if you can imagine it' then it shows up.
And Jen Mills on 8th March.
I see a triceratops 😉
https://t.co/8U8LybWUYp
The announcement from the Palace that #PrincePhilip died peacefully this morning at Windsor: pic.twitter.com/4vXlkVnItM
— Emily Nash (@emynash) April 9, 2021
OPERATION FORTH BRIDGE
3 year delta – double meanings pic.twitter.com/O6ODtlvtdr
— ClaireLashes (@claire_lashes) April 9, 2021
Clicky,
Anyone able to explain/decode the messages being given in that tweet?
CLICK5: On The 99th Day Of The Year… https://t.co/DaAwwgU02Z via @Roobeedoo1 pic.twitter.com/For8s2lIT2
I don't understand, clicky. What is the person saying about the bridge and the deeper meaning?
Q stuff posted over the past 4 years appears to be syncing with events occurring this year, post POTUS Trump…
Sally Sparrow…
https://www.etymonline.com/word/Philip#etymonline_v_14857
… And "the angels are coming for you"…
https://twitter.com/MMaccruiskeen/status/1380540582091706377
We interrupt this broadcast to Paws for more Tiers.
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-9453479/BBC-newsreader-left-close-tears-breaking-news-Prince-Philip-died.html
Reporter MARtine Croxall.
Roob, Q was a Trump thing. Trump (Trump's uncle) is associated with Tesla.
Baron is a time traveler.
Mysterious Q knowing things because of timelines being wonky!
Trump and the "border", kids in cages, and the bizarreness with adrenochrome and 'trafficking'. While trafficking happens, (or maybe not), I don't understand what the deeper meaning is. It must be mass amounts on certain ley lines or something.
I have a theory that Trump's a bit like a mirror made of gold…
'When humans started making simple mirrors around 600 B.C., they used polished obsidian as a reflective surface. Eventually, they started to produce more sophisticated mirrors made of copper, bronze, silver, gold and even lead.'
https://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/everyday-innovations/mirror1.htm#:~:text=When%20humans%20started%20making%20simple,silver%2C%20gold%20and%20even%20lead.
People project on to him and are reviled or not by what is reflected back. Pretty much everything he's been accused of doing by the Democrats, Globalists and the Media during the 4 year paws in their 16 plan that ends in a reset for humanity, they were doing before and now again after, but sped up to make up for the lost time…
https://x22report.com/offensive-gaining-strength-message-received-in-the-end-the-patriots-win-ep-2448/
Yes, I know that's propaganda; all sides employ it, so bear that in mind if you decide to take a proper gander…
https://www.etymonline.com/word/gander#etymonline_v_1262
Personally, I'm still not convinced Trump isn't actually Andy Kauffman 😉
That makes sense! Trump is gold. Me and Charlie played Lego movie 2 video game and there's a hidden level where everything is gold. There's no karma because I guess you're in the golden era.
https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/3-000-old-lost-golden-172914517.html
Yeah 😀 I posted about it on the latest Merovee post, MJ…
https://meroveus.home.blog/2021/04/10/a-dali-mars/#comment-31400
Lots going on in Egypt 😀
Philip Philadelphia…the 40th parallel.
The Philadelphia experiment and warping space time.
The FORTH bridge!
https://www.etymonline.com/word/quarantine#etymonline_v_3146
Fools rush in where angels fear to tread…Alexander Pope
As in…people without good sense or judgement will have no hesitation in jumping into a situation that even the wisest would avoid.
Nice and easy does it every time. 😎
Explain, Orlena… your comments of late have me like this
A sudden eruption…
JUST IN – La Soufriere volcano in the Caribbean erupts with plumes of ash up to five miles high – the first time since 1979.pic.twitter.com/zIMWKRnFr9
— Disclose.tv 🚨 (@disclosetv) April 9, 2021
Soufrière (French: "sulfur outlet")
https://twitter.com/Suffragentleman/status/1380482875783585792
'At 1,234 m (4,049 ft), La Soufrière is the highest peak on Saint Vincent as well as the highest point in the island country of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.[1] Soufrière is a stratovolcano with a crater lake and is the island's youngest and northernmost volcano.'
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Soufri%C3%A8re_(volcano)
'As the living embodiment of the Crown, the sovereign is regarded as the personification, or legal personality, of the Vincentian state,[n 2] with the state therefore referred to as Her Majesty in right of Her Government in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, The Queen (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines), or simply The Queen.'
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines#Personification_of_the_state
The Prince was 99 years old and this was on the 99th day of the year with 266 days remaining in the year.
On the last day of the year it will be 8888 days since Princess Diana was murdered in Paris.
266 days is the normal gestation period for twins.
On the 266th day of the year in 2015 the 266th pope met Obama in the White House.
From the 266th day of 2020 to 9/4/2021 = 6 months and 6+6+6 days.
Cheers for the info, Ken. Nice spot 😀 Clicky has put it to good use in a LoL post…
*I ain't gonna quote you, Clicky… /lights up and smokes… Tell Ken yourself…*
'Philip is a male given name, derived from the Greek Φίλιππος (Philippos, lit. "horse-loving" or "fond of horses" ), from a compound of φίλος (phílos, "dear", "loved", "loving") and ἵππος (hippos, "horse"). Prominent Philips who popularized the name include kings of Macedonia and one of the apostles of early Christianity. Philip has many alternative spellings.'
Sacred horses of Mars.
Actually my brother in law has the same name and that is my name too but with the extra l. Ken is my shortened middle name.
I quite like horses but too scared to ride one!
When I was looking at Philip's wiki page I did think of you !
Well I can understand that you know as we have some similarities, such as we both lived in Norfolk for some time and we both were in the Royal Navy. I also went to see him and his family once at Sandringham. Yes, those were the days!
Ken.
That's interesting with the royal family. Quite a few people including myself I know have connections with members of 'elite' families and I wonder why.
I went to the Sandringham estate once . My cousin's wife used to work in a gift shop on the estate. Beautiful area .
The next day on 24/9/2015 Obama hosted Xi Jinping in the White House.
From 23/9/2015, the 266th day of the year, to Jinping's next birthday on 15/6/2016 was 266 days.
From 24/9/2015 to 9/4/2021, today, = 2024 days or (44×44)+(44+44) days. (2+2+4 = 8, 2x2x4 = 8+8, where the number 8 signifies THEIR New Beginning)
Obama was the 44th president.
The light memorial for the twin towers comprised 44+44 xenon lights shining up into the sky.
All the 44's above add to 8.
'The news will be of desperate sadness to the whole family no doubt, but for Prince Charles and Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, the death of their father and father-in-law has come on a particularly poignant day. On 9 April, 2005, Charles and Camilla married at Windsor Guildhall, St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, meaning that today is also their 16th wedding anniversary.'
Also 3,6 & 9 and 666 . 9 + 9 = 18 and 9 x9 = 81.
And the Windsaurs. I don't discount the theory.
'The main difference between dinosaurs and reptiles is that dinosaurs are a diverse group of extinct reptiles whereas reptiles include turtles, crocodilians, snakes, amphisbaenians, lizards, tuatara, and their extinct relatives. Furthermore, dinosaurs stand up on their legs, positioning their bodies directly on the legs while reptiles have parallel thigh bones to the ground. Moreover, dinosaurs can run faster than other reptiles of the same size while reptiles walk and run with a side-to-side motion.'
Dinosaurs and reptiles are two forms of animals with a long evolutionary history. They are characterized by the presence of a scaly skin and laying eggs on the land.'
Good spot!
16 years (8+8 yrs) is 192 months = 8x(8+8+8) months.
192 figured prominently in the Opening Ceremony of the London Olympic Games in 2012.
The distance from Glastonbury Tor in the UK to the Olympic Stadium is 192km where Glastonbury Tor took pride of place in the opening ceremony in 2012 on July 27th.
192km is 119 miles and there were 119 animals in the opening scene.
During the London Olympics12 year old Tia Sharp went missing in London on 3/8/2012 and her body was found on 11/8/2012, one day before the closing ceremony.
From 9/8/2012 to 9/4/2021 = 8 years and 8 months.
About Time .
Stratford is on the Greenwich Prime Meridian and Tia Sharp lived in New Addington which is on the Prime Meridian as well. Also I remember linking her death to the death of Sarah Payne with the names – Sharp Pain.
And 8 day mourning period for the Queen.
https://uk.news.yahoo.com/queen-enter-eight-day-mourning-143026003.html
9/4/2021 is also the 22nd (11+11) birthday of Lil Nas X the rapper selling 666 pairs of Nike 'Satan Shoes' for $1018 ea pair (see Luke 10:18) and they all have a drop of human blood in them.
"Satan Shoes" = 121 (English Ordinal) = 11×11 (Antichrist number squared)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lil_Nas_X
https://www.news.com.au/finance/business/retail/lil-nas-x-blames-crying-nerds-during-nike-satan-shoes-court-battle/news-story/61b9c06185262ef9bd45706f75646f62
And queen Elizabeth ll mother has funeral 9th april as her sister second funeral as well.
Sister and mother dead 49 days apart.
49 the primenumber 227 …pi
Dream and Anon,
Also, because of your findings I looked a bit closer.
Queen Mother was also born on same day as they tell us Obama was as well as M. Markle.
QM born 4/8/1900
Obama born 4/8/1961
M. Markle born 4/8/1981
From QM born to M. Markle born = 9×9 years! Or (3+3+3)x(3+3+3) years
However, it is known that Meghan was introduced to Harry. ie she was chosen by others to meet Harry.
Princess Margaret was the Queen's sister (the only sibling) and sister in law to Prince Philip.
From Princess Margaret's death on 9/2/2002 to Prince Philip's death on 9/4/2021 = 6999 days.
Yes, for the Queen it was from her sister's death to her husband's death = 6,999 days or 999.9 weeks ending on day# 99!!! (33+33+33)
6+9+9+9 = 33.
6999 = 2333+2333+2333.
999.9 = 333.3+333.3+333.3!!!
Astonishing!!!
And of course the date is the 9th = 3+3+3.
In the Bible the number 9 stands for Finality!
And here we have it in bucket loads!
49 days before Philip dead it was prince andrews birthday february 19th 2.19
When Andrew born Philip was exactly 2019 weeks old.
Dream,
Good spot about the Queen Mother's funeral being 9/4/2002.
But are you referring to Princess Margaret, the Queen's sister in the other part of your comment?
2 burials. First 15 february and second 9 april
Hi. Hope things good with you.
I am okay.thanks
In my area very few corona patients. I dont know Nobody.
So I live like No disease here
It's similar here.
The official statistics which I don't believe says there have been a large number of cases in my local here.
I only know two people who were told they may have had it but both were open to interpretation The first had two tests. One was negative and the next was positive.
The other one was put on the records as having virus but never had a positive test. The Doctor thought she had it and so she became a statistic. And also helped with claiming sick pay from her employer which I think had something to do it.
Reminds me of cervical smears and false positives.
'OMG. I'm going to die' and then the next test says 'No. You're not going to die'.
Obama could very well be a CLONE of Ahkenaten.
Aliens welcomed him with a spiral in Norway.
https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/The-Vote/2009/1210/norway-spiral-space-aliens-welcoming-obama
Obama is from Mars. His name means "lightning from heaven", aka nephilim.
https://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/ciencia/ciencia_teleport14.htm
It is mysterious…
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama_citizenship_conspiracy_theories
Rain posted a video of circling deer a week or so ago.
EWE FO.
'Is that a EWE.F.O? Mystery as hundreds of sheep stand in circle in field as social media users say it looks just like Alien ship'.
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-9453965/Mystery-hundreds-sheep-stand-circle-field.html
I'll put this here.
NASA captures Martian landscapes in Kazakhstan
'Most people believe the space agency that the next images of the Red Planet were taken by the Curiosity rover. But the residents of Kazakhstan, in turn, strongly doubt the veracity of NASA: the landscapes strongly resemble the terrain of their native land.
People living in Kazakhstan give vivid examples. So, the famous Gail crater is very similar to the Charyn canyon. It is also difficult to distinguish the valleys of Mars from the foothills of Karatau in early spring.'
https://www.planetanovosti.com/news/nasa_snimaet_marsianskie_pejzazhi_v_kazakhstane/2018-12-16-19015
I had a similar feeling going back to about 2012 when I felt I wasn't in the solar system but in Sirius.
I like Rain's explanation which is that we have different realities. As an example Texas, Kazakhstan, New Mexico and maybe Antarctica are essentially the same place in different dimensions but from other universes or dimensions in Time. It does seem to be saying Texas, Kazakhstan and New Mexico are Mars though. And leads me to another question. Are we in the same realities and dimensions ?
And the Upside Down, As Above So Below and the Mirror Verse.
'The Director of National Intelligence and the Sec of Defense have basically until the end of June to provide a declassified report on unidentified aerial phenomena.
The request was made by Sen. Marco Rubio…mars red.
Curiously, it is buried in the Covid-19 relief bill signed by Trump before leaving office.
https://kutv.com/news/nation-world/cia-begins-declassifying-ufo-documents-as-stipulated-by-23-trillion-covid-bill
👽👽👽👽👽
That could be fascinating even if the deeper secrets don't see the light of day.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Full-time, matriculated graduate students in good standing maintain cumulative GPA of 3.0. Students on academic probation are not eligible for a Graduate School tuition benefit.
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Students entering their last two semesters on the TBP and have completed all their program course requirements, can request to the department that they receive a waiver to register for only 3 credit hours of Thesis Research (MSE 7970). After the residency requirement has been met (two consecutive semesters of nine hours or more), graduate students who are registered for three credit hours of Thesis Research hours are considered full-time status. Students should only ever register for 3 credit hours while on the TBP after first seeking a waiver through the MSE department and in their last two semesters.
Non-resident tuition is covered in full, except for in cases of RAs who have exceeded 84 cumulative credit hours. At that point, the benefit will only cover resident tuition for RAs. This condition will be implemented in the semester when cumulative registration exceeds 84 credit hours as a University of Utah graduate student. RA's who have finished their coursework may register for 9 thesis hours ONLY to avoid being charged nonresident tuition.
Undergraduate, contract, and/or audited courses, repeated courses, and credit/noncredit courses count toward the required minimum nine credit hours but do not qualify for a tuition benefit. The benefit will not pay for those courses.
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Students in a master's program are limited to two years (four semesters) of tuition benefit support.
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The geo tagging feature on your smart phone can be a very cool way of allowing people to know where you took a beautiful scenery picture, attended an interesting event, or even serve you as a digital road map to locations associated with fun experiences you've had over the years in just a few clicks of the mouse or touches of the screen on your phone. Geo tagging makes it easier for you to arrange photos and let friends know where they might be able to replicate some enjoyable experience you had.
As with most modern technological conveniences, there is also risk to consider when using your Geo tag capabilities. Primary amongst these is the risk of "social surveillance." Most of us who use social media regularly are familiar with social stalkers. These modern creepers make use of the information you publish on social media pages in order to track your movement, your habits, and your associations. Stalkers can make use of public geo tagging information to pinpoint your present location, find out where you live, and even how and where you spend your time with very little effort. This very fun feature of modern smart phones can also potentially put your safety and security at risk, depending on who you are, and the value to anyone who might want to track your movements.
The point is not to scare you, but to note the risks and be wary. It pays to know the risks, and have an air of caution when using this feature. Avoiding the risks of geo tagging is definitely something consumers need to be wary of as privacy continues to erode in our ever more electronically connected society. What follows are a few best practices to keep you safe while geo tagging.
Take the time to note your default privacy settings: This applies both to your smart phone or mobile device and the social media networks you access through your device. To geo tag something is simply attaching GPS grid coordinates to a picture, video, website or text message. Sometimes tagging a location maybe a default setting on your phone or on the social network you're using. It is important to be aware of these settings so you can consciously decide when and where you geo tag, and who the information will be available to.
Know How to Disable the Geo Tagging Feature: Every smartphone has a geo tag feature, and many of them will be automatically set up to function without you consciously choosing to have it do so. You need to take the time to figure out how to prevent it from doing this. It's a much better idea to consciously decide to geo tag each time you post rather than having to remember to opt out of geo tagging each time you post. Leaving the default setting as geo tag operational will likely mean there will be times when you inadvertently post your location to the world when it is risky or unnecessary to do so.
For iPhones: Go to the "settings" page of the geo-tagging program. Go to "settings" then "general" and then "location services." Disable those applications that automatically make use of your GPS tracking data.
For Android Platforms: Start the camera application. Open the menu and go to "settings." Turn off "geo tagging" or "location storage" (depending on the type of Android).
"Geo Tagging and Do Not Track" was written by Matt Davis. Matt is Director of Business Alliances at the Identity Theft Resource Center. We welcome you to post/reprint the above article, as written, giving credit to the author and linking back to the original posting.
Florida Child Identity Theft Bill Progresses in Senate Get Ready! Black Friday and Cyber Monday Are Coming!


Reading Paul Krugman's "End This Depression Now!" He makes it quite clear that the whole income inequality and the 2008 financial meltdown was a bipartisan accomplishment. To keep this short, I'll give a timeline mentioning just the players and the legislation responsible and you can Google them for more information.
1980: Congress passes and Carter signs into law the Monetary Control Act of 1980 which deregulated and opened up many more kinds of deposits that banks could now pay interest on.
1982: Congress passes and Reagan signs into law the Garn–St Germain Depository Institutions Act of 1982 which relaxed restrictions on the kinds of loans banks could make.
1999: Congress passes and Clinton signs into law the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999, which retroactively authorizes the Citi-Travelers merger. Oh, the key White House figure supporting the bill? Clinton's Treasury Secretary Robert Rubin. Gramm left the Senate and joined the board of directors of UBS. Rubin was a former co-chairman of Goldman Sachs and after leaving the Clinton White House became vice chairman of…Citigroup.
2001: Along with the British, Dubya starts a war in Afghanistan. The costs for the war is kept off the federal budget.
2001: Congress passes and Dubya signs into law the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001.
2003: Dubya invades Iraq. The costs for the war are kept off the federal budget.
2003: Congress passes and Dubya signs into law Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003.
2009: Congress passes and Obama signs into law the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. It authorizes a stimulus payment of what grew to be $831 billion. Economic adviser Christina Romer insisted that the minimum stimulus needed to jump start the economy was $1.8 billion, and she was later proven right although she was gone from the White House by that time. Who overruled her, insisting on the lower stimulus package? Our old friend (and Bill Clinton's), Larry Summers, along with Peter R. Orszag, yet another ex-Clinton economic adviser who headed the CBO under Obama. After leaving the Obama administration, Orszag took a job with…Citigroup.
So, as Krugman and I have shown, what led to the 2008 meltdown and which continues the basis and continued extension of income inequality (through all the deregulation because yes indeed, as the rich get richer the poor get poorer) has been a bipartisan affair. It is very true: when it comes to the economy, there is no difference between the two parties.
I was engaged in a discussion in my Facebook group, Liberals Taking Our Country Back, as to whether or not Obama can be held responsible for the current scandal regarding the VA Administration. I maintain that he must be held responsible because he's the Commander-In-Chief and he hired Eric Shinseki to head the Dept. of Veteran Affairs.
But let's take a step backwards for a moment. While I assign responsibility to Obama, I assign the blame to the Republicans, who have voted to deny adequate funding for the VA at every opportunity. This is why they are also to blame for what happened at Benghazi.
OK, take one step forward again. The issue with the obscenely-long wait times for medical appointments at the VA—even to have VA medical benefits approved–predates Obama by several decades, at least all the way back to John F. Kennedy. Back in the '70s my dad complained about not only the long wait times but the revolving door his doctors passed through since a he seemed to be assigned to a new one every six months or so.
Yes, there are plenty of mid-level bureaucrats afraid of losing their phony baloney jobs and fiefdoms who drag their feet or otherwise sabotage attempts at change. But, even in civil service, there are ways to deal with such recalcitrant, parasitical Federal employees.
And, as I see it, this is how Obama remains culpable for this mess. Had he done all that I've just suggested, and then in first State of the Union speech itemize all that he had found wrong with the VA and then asked every member of Congress sporting a US Flag label pin to "support our troops" in fact by approving the VA funding he was requesting and the GOP STILL refused, the Republicans would've gotten an earful from their constituents. And you can be sure that Republicans, who are experts in the employment of dog whistles, have very fine hearing themselves and respond like the trained dogs they view their base to be.
But, unfortunately, as on many things throughout his administrations, Obama did drop on this. He chose instead, during his first term, to concentrate on bowing to pressure from the Right to decrease the federal budget deficit against the counsel of all learned and Nobel Prize-winning economists on the Left. And now he's paying the price, having handed the GOP and Fox yet another club to bludgeon him over the head with. And it looks like this time, the hits are going to leave permanent bruises on his presidency. Maybe it's time he got out in front of these big issues instead of always playing catch up.


text:
Gandhian dissent in the land of Gandhi: Barbed perimeters in the current conjuncture
This set of articles charts out recent Gandhian modes of dissent centered mainly around the activities of the Vanvasi Chetna Ashram, in the backdrop of Operation Green Hunt, in Dantewada, Chhattisgarh. A planned padyatra was scuttled by the administration, a Jan Sunwai, already operating under conditions of intense repression, has failed to materialise. At the current juncture, January 11 2010, Himanshu Kumar has exited Dantewada under imminent threat of arrest under false charges; activists and journalists who had been present at the VCA premises have been hit with a dacoity case; a senior VCA activist has been imprisoned on charges of murder. These developments bring into sharp focus the barbed perimeters of activism, in a region of India where the contradiction between the State and the masses is so acute. – Ed.
In the Land of Gandhi – Preeti Chauhan. Jan 3 2010
Chhattisgarh cops slap dacoity case against visiting activists – Jan 6 2010
Life Behind The Iron Curtain – Tusha Mittal, Tehelka. Jan 11 2010
In the Land of Gandhi
By Preeti Chauhan. January 3 2010.
Himanshu Kumar, a Gandhian working amongst the adivasis of Dantewada is sitting on an indefinite fast since December 26, 2009. He had planned a padyatra beginning December 14th 2009, followed by a saytagraha, finally culminating in a jan sunvai (Public Hearing) on January 7 2010.
He was denied permission to do the padyatra and hold satyagraha in Dantewada – the SP Dantewada felt the place to be too sensitive for such calls. A group of women from across the country traveling to participate in the proposed padtyatra and satyagraha were stopped in Raipur, humiliated and finally not allowed to reach Dantewada.
Himanshu Kumar's Vanvasi Chetna Ashram (VCA) had been working in the area on issues of health, education, sanitation, and water conservation since 1992. In May 2009, VCA premises were demolished. In November, VCA activists were instructed not to visit the villages in Dantewada. On 10th December 2009, almost as if to mock the International Human Rights Day, one of VCA's main activists Kopa Kunjam was picked up along with a lawyer Alban Toppo. Alban was let off after some beating but Kopa was slammed with murder charges and languishes in jail.
Another of VCA's activist Sukhnath has also been falsely implicated and booked under Chattisgarh Special Public Security Act.
VCA has also been asked to vacate the rented accommodation from which it was functioning as the landlord is under pressure from the administration. VCA's work has thus been literally brought to halt by the administration.
On January 3 2010, a tribal girl called Sodi Sambo, who has a bullet injury in her leg and was coming to Delhi for treatment, was detained at Kanker police station. Her medical condition is precarious and she needs proper medical care as she has steel rods placed in her leg which requires antiseptic treatment everyday. She was shot at by the security forces (SPOs, police and other security forces) on 1st October 2009 in her village Gompad when the security forces allegedly went there for combing operations during Operation Greenhunt. VCA has helped her get treatment in Delhi, and she had been at the VCA premises since her return.
It is not too difficult to see why VCA has been targeted. It has been at the forefront in raising and documenting the atrocities on adivasis by Salva Judum, CRPF, and the police on the pretext of fighting Naxals in Dantewada. VCA has consistently exposed the lies of the government, for example the Singaram 'encounter' in which 19 tribals were killed on 8th January 2009.
One of the women killed in that encounter was declared a Naxal commander by the police. VCA filed an RTI and the same woman was there in the voter list of Singaram village which was revised just three days before the so called 'encounter'. VCA raised the simple question: if she was a Naxal comamnder she must have been declared an absconder and hence should not have been listed in the voter's list. A petition was filed in Bilaspur High Court along with the family members of the victims.
Four of the adivasi girls from Samsetti village, Sukma block of Dantewada who were raped by the Special Police Officers (SPO) two years ago were again picked up by the same SPOs when their cases were to come up for hearing in the Courts. They were beaten, illegally kept at the police station for five days, their thumb imprints taken on a blank sheet to say that Himanshu Kumar had pressurized them to level false charges of rape.
The girls and their village were threatened with dire consequences if they dared to pursue the case. As a result the women refuse to come out. One is reminded of a case which has received much more focus lately – the molestation of Ruchika Girhotra. It took 19 long years for Ruchika's case to reach a shameful conclusion of six months of imprisonment – a systematic denial of justice, orchestrated by DGP Shambhu Pratap Singh Rathore of Haryana. One can easily imagine to what extent the rule of the law is being followed in a remote village of Dantewada, when despite sustained attempts and media outcry, justice continues to elude Ruchika's family.
The Home Minster P. Chidambaram had agreed to come for the proposed Jan Sunvai on 7th January 2010. The level of repression evident in the region made it highly unlikely that people would be able to come out with their genuine grievances (as it happens, the Jan Sunvai never materialised).
The media maintained stoic silence on Himanshu Kumar's fast as it entered its eleventh day – the issues he raised were of no import.
The Home Minister needs to break the deafening silence and answer these questions- Are the tribal people of Dantewada not citizens of this country? Are they not supposed to have a say in the development of this country? Why are they expected to keep quiet as their resources, livelihoods and lives are snatched away for benefit of a few?
The way the armed SPO's and Salva Judum have come to work with complete impunity in the area, despite regular complaints and documentation, is a really bad omen for our country. A democracy cannot allow such bypassing of procedures laid down by law, stifling of space for dissent to such an extent as one witnesses in Dantewada today.
In the land of Gandhi, even the tools used by the Father of the Nation in the struggle of independence from British rule, such as the padyatra and the satyagraha, are not permitted to highlight the injustices by our own government against our own people. There cannot be a bigger irony and shame than this.
Chhattisgarh cops slap dacoity case against visiting activists
A case of dacoity has been registered against a group of journalists and activists from Mumbai and Hyderabad for allegedly clashing with local media personnel in Chhattisgarh's Maoist stronghold of Dantewada, police said Wednesday.
"We have registered a case under section 395 of the IPC against six persons, two unnamed and four named, including two women, on charges
of dacoity and voluntarily causing hurt on a complaint lodged by Dantewada-based journalists," Amresh Mishra, Dantewada district superintendent of police, told IANS over phone.
Priyanka Borpujari, Satyen Bordolai and Nishtha from Mumbai and Suresh from Hyderabad have been named in the FIR (first information report) lodged by a group of local journalists. They alleged that the activists and journalists from outside had attacked them and snatched their mobiles and cameras in Dantewada town, about 380 km from here.
The group, including some documentary filmmakers, were in Dantewada to participate in the ongoing agitation by NGO Vanvasi Chetna Ashram (VCA) against alleged atrocities on local tribals by security forces.
Giving their version of what happened, Mumbai-based freelance journalist Priyanka said that their cameras had been snatched and they had been kept under detention at the VCA complex for seven hours Tuesday. They were now returning home from Chhattisgarh.
"We too have lodged a counter FIR against local mediamen for snatching two cameras and also against police inaction," Priyanka told IANS.
Amresh Mishra, however, denied keeping anyone under detention at VCA or registering a counter FIR.
"We have received a complaint by VCA guests against the local journalists but it is not registered. We are just inquiring into the complaint; as far as detention is concerned, it is totally a false allegation. We have deployed eight security men at VCA complex in Dantewada as police protection to VCA chief Himanshu and these cops were on duty on Tuesday too," he said.
According to local journalist Sunil Singh, the trouble began when the Mumbai-based activists-journalists accused them of "adopting a pro-government and pro-police stand and used some vulgar words".
"VCA guests called the local newsmen 'paid journalists' who file reports after accepting money from police authorities and government. When the local journalists countered the charge, they (VCA guests) attacked us and snatched the camera," he alleged.
"The media in the conflict zone of Bastar has been impartial in its reporting," said Bastar Journalists' Association President S. Karimuddin.
Life Behind The Iron Curtain
By Tusha Mittal, Tehelka. Jan 11 2010
HIMANSHU KUMAR is shaving his moustache to become more unrecognisable. Instead of the usual white kurta, he's wearing a red shirt and jeans. The lights in his two-room rented house have been turned off. If you chanced upon him on a winter night in Dantewada, Chhattisgarh, speaking in hushed whispers about jumping off the back wall and disappearing into the darkness, you might have mistaken this Gandhian activist for a fugitive.
For the last 18 years, Himanshu has been trudging through the jungles of rural Chhattisgarh, empowering tribals, teaching them how to vote and bringing them access to food and healthcare through his Vanvasi Chetna Ashram (VCA). When his wife first joined him, he told her to replace her make-up kit with medicines. Despite living in this Maoist-dominated conflict zone for nearly two decades, despite its many intimidations, Kumar has never felt the urge to flee. Until now that is – when the might of the State is upon him.
Trouble first began to escalate in 2005 when the infamous Salwa Judum was launched. The VCA filed at least 600 complaints against human rights violations by the State and fake encounters by the police. Himanshu Kumar was transformed in the State's eyes from trusted aide to adversary. In May 2009, his ashram was brutally demolished by the police. Now suddenly, the Gandhian activist has lost his liberty. He lives in a free country, but does not have the freedom to walk out through the front door of his own house.
"Should I get arrested and become a martyr or should I leave before they catch me?" Himanshu Kumar wonders out loud on the morning of January 4. He knows what happened to Binayak Sen. He knows he could be next. "I'm worried the police will implicate me in a false case. They could arrest me anytime now," he says.
This is not misplaced paranoia. Himanshu's makeshift ashram is under constant police surveillance. On January 3, his car was stopped by the police as it sped from Dantewada to Raipur carrying Sodi Shambo, 28, a tribal woman with a fractured leg held together by a metal rod. Shambo's husband was tilling the fields on the morning of October 1, 2009, when Salwa Judum SPOs barged into Goompad village. One bullet from their guns split open her leg. Her children leapt towards her, covering her body. That could be why she is still alive. Nine others were killed during combing operations. Most were those who could not run away — Madvi Yankaiya, 50; Madvi Bajaar 50 and his wife Madvi Subhi, 45; their daughters Madvi Kanama, 20 and eight-year-old Madvi Mooti; and a newly married couple Soyam Subaiya, 20 and Soyam Subhi, 18. Another 2-year-old boy was found with his fingers missing. The Dantewada SP announced that nine Naxalites had been killed in an encounter in Goompad village. This is the tale the outside world would have believed, had Himanshu not met Shambo during a regular public hearing in the forest. She told him about the massacre she had witnessed; he ensured she filed a writ petition in the Supreme Court. The court accepted her petition and directed the state to file a response.
Had Shambo reached Delhi, where she was headed for medical treatment, she could have become a major embarrassment for the Chhattisgarh government. This is why Himanshu and Shambo were suddenly surrounded by police on the highway and detained at Kanker police station. There was an order from the Dantewada SP that Shambo be produced in the police station to record her statement on the Goompad killings. Shambo had been living openly in Himanshu's ashram in Dantewada for the last two months but the police had not approached her for a statement. "We did not know where she was. We were trying to find her," says SP Amaresh Mishra ingenuously. "I found out through an Internet forum that Himanshu was taking her to Raipur. I also got a letter from Shambo's masi two days ago accusing Himanshu of vanishing Shambo all this while." This was a patently concocted assertion given that Himanshu had presented Shambo to the media at a big press conference in Delhi in October. Clearly, a false case of abduction against Kumar was in the works. According to Colin Gonsalves, a senior advocate who has filed a writ petition in the Supreme Court on the Shambo case, it's actually the other way around. "This amounts to illegal abduction by the police. Shambo is not an accused. She cannot be forced to go anywhere," said he.
On January 4, Shambo was sent to Maharani Hospital in Jagdalpur for further treatment under police "security." Sudhir Thakhur, the doctor responsible, admitted the hospital did not have the required medical facility to perform Shambo's surgery. TEHELKAwas not allowed to speak to Shambo at the hospital, despite a guarantee from the Dantewada SP that she was not being kept in confinement. Even after the director of the hospital gave permission, police personnel guarding Shambo's bed refused to let us near her. When we tried to talk to the ward nurse, the police ensured they overheard the conversation.
As Himanshu shaves off his moustache in the darkness, it is almost as if he is at a tipping point. Caught in a pool of quicksand, he must leap out immediately or sink. "My faith is not shaken. I'm just feeling trapped inside a web. To break this perhaps it is necessary for me to go fight from a new place. I am not running away. I just need to change my location."
THE BATTLE between the State and Maoists is well known. But in Chhattisgarh, another battle has been fast gathering steam — between the State and civil society, between a policed existence and the idea of democracy, between a coerced media and free speech. Himanshu Kumar is now at the centre of that battle. Over the years, he had become one of the few bridges that link the rest of India to the remote jungles of Chhattisgarh. Given the national media's neglect, and the absence of a robust local press, he was perhaps the only disseminator of an alternate reality. Without him and a few other activists working in the area, there would be only one version — that of the State. This is what the Chhattisgarh government is now trying to create. Every few days there is news of an encounter — six killed in Jagargunda, another six killed in Gumyipal. No one knows if these are Naxals or ordinary tribals. The State doesn't seem to want anyone to find out.
At a recent press conference in Raipur, Chhattisgarh DGP Vishwa Ranjan told journalists on record that there could be police action against them if they wrote in favour of Naxalites. Two weeks ago in Dantewada, DIG SR Kalluri called journalists into his office for one-on-one sessions. "He told us not to write in favour of the Naxals (euphemism for not writing anything against the State) and said the police have their eyes on us," says NRK Pillai, vice-president of the Chhattisgarh Working Journalists Union. "The atmosphere isn't conducive. There's no one really to back us. Press owners will not stand by us. There's always the fear of what will happen to our families."
In the last two months, as Operation Green Hunt has got underway, the Chhattisgarh government has upped the ante in its efforts to squash any space for dissent and democratic protest. Stories from the jungles are not being allowed out; neutral outsiders are not being allowed in.
On December 29, 2009, Delhi University professor of sociology Nandini Sundar and political science professor Ujjwal Kumar Singh arrived in Bastar to undertake an independent survey of the situation. They found all the hotel rooms in the small towns of Dantewada and Sukma mysteriously full, out of bounds for them. The professors had to spend the night in a jeep, before they got accommodation at a boys' hostel. There too, seven armed SPOs barged into Sundar's room, then spent the night patrolling the grounds outside. The next day two jeeps of armed SPOs followed the professors around until they left Chhattisgarh, ensuring they could make no neutral enquiries from villagers about what was happening on the ground.
TEHELKA was meted the same treatment. On January 4, we were denied the right to stay at Madhuban Lodge, the only hotel in Dantewada. The receptionist opened rooms for us at first, but suddenly changed his mind when he got a call from his manager. The manager said the hotel had orders from the police not to give rooms to journalists without a "proper enquiry." Dantewada ASP Rajendra Jaiswal denied that any such order exists but refused to call the hotel to clarify this. "Why should I help a stranger?" he told TEHELKA. Later, the hotel owner said all the rooms were needed for a family function.
On January 6, a band of activists, including Medha Patkar and Magsaysay award winner Sandeep Pandey, were assaulted with stones and eggs as they marched to the SP's office in Dantewada for some answers. The police looked on.
Though there is little clarity on whether the offensive against the Naxals – Operation Green Hunt – has officially begun, another kind of assault certainly has. So far, Himanshu Kumar has certainly borne the brunt of it.
On December 14, 2009, a mob several hundred-strong surrounded Himanshu's ashram, shouting slogans like "Himanshu Bhagao, Bastar Bachao". They were protesting a padyatra he was about to undertake to engage with the tribals. Such an expedition would boost the morale of the Maoists and dampen that of the security forces, they alleged. According to Himanshu, the mob consisted of SPOs and tribals lifted from Salwa Judum camps to stage a demonstration. The padyatra was to be followed by a satyagraha to protest police excesses and a jan sunvai (public hearing) to take stock of ground realities post the declaration of Operation Green Hunt. In what was being perceived as a sign of positive intent, Home Minister P Chidam baram had agreed to attend the public hearing. Human rights groups from across the country were scheduled to participate. But that came crashing down when the State decided it would not allow anyone to explore its territory.
HIMANSHU RECEIVED a notice from Reena Kangale, the Dantewada collector, prohibiting him from initiating any public assembly. "Section 144 was imposed because of municipal elections," says Kangale. "I denied permission for a padyatra and issued a prohibitory order stating the police can take action if any public meetings happen without my consent." On December 13, an all-women fact-finding team was stopped at several points enroute to Dantewada and not allowed access inside. The Chhattisgarh Governor advised Chidambaram not to attend the jan sunvayi for safety reasons. The Home Minister stayed put.
The mob attack from "tribals" was also used as a pretext to send a jeep of armed SPOs as security for Himanshu. "There is a threat to his life. The tribals are unhappy with him. We are giving him police protection," Dantewada SP Amaresh Mishra told TEHELKA. That Himanshu himself has written to the SP stating he does not want this protection is irrelevant.
The police "protection" has successfully hampered Himanshu's work. He is unable to visit villages on fact-finding missions. Any complaints from tribals against the State bring instant reprisals. There have been other intimidations. Under pressure, Himanshu's current landlord, an employee of the local district council, asked him to vacate the house in a few weeks.
To disable Himanshu further, his key aide Kopa Kunjam was arrested on December 10 on charges of murdering a former sarpanch, Punem Honga. Honga was abducted by Maoists along with another sarpanch who had been traveling with Kopa on his bike on July 2, 2009. According to VCA, the night before he was arrested, Kopa was offered Rs 25,000 to quit working with Himanshu and warned of dire consequences if he continues. Kopa refused the money. Sukhdev, another backbone of the VCA, was threatened with a similar fate after Kopa's arrest. He quit. Lingu, another aide who also quit, confirmed to TEHELKA that he was with Kopa at the Dantewada police station the day before Kopa's arrest, and was present when the police tried to convince Kopa to take up "other more meaningful work".
The Maoists are not willing to talk, and the State is clearly not allowing any other dialogue. Himanshu's struggle becomes more poignant in the backdrop of the violence being unleashed all around it. The Maoists continue to fell trees, block trains, abduct and kill. The Salwa Judum continues to rape women, burn houses, loot and kill. Amid all the chaos, as the year ended, one man sat in a white kurta, under a sprawling tree, spooling a loom of thread. He had not been allowed a padyatra or a satyagraha or a jan sunvai, so he was fasting to protest State atrocities. But events over the last two days have forced the man in the white kurta to shave his moustache and turn into a man in red shirt and jeans — a reminder of an original freedom struggle, being scuttled all over again.