"Beef Bone Broth Temperature "
If you Love Beef Bone Broth Temperature then you are at the right place!!
Beef Bone Broth Temperature is made from pet bones and connective tissue-- typically cattle, hen, or fish-- that have actually been boiled into a broth and slow-moving simmered for 10 to greater than 20 hrs with herbs, vegetables, as well as flavors. So why is this apparently simple liquid something you 'd intend to consume alcohol every day Beef Bone Broth Temperature ?
Also our hunter-gatherer ancestors understood that drinking Beef Bone Broth Temperature was like striking nutritional gold, as its earliest version go back over 2,500 years. Throwing out anything edible was out of the question at that time, so animal unguis, knuckles, bones, and also various other connective tissues never ever went to squander. Bone broth has an abundant history of being used in conventional Chinese medication as a digestive restorative, blood home builder, and also kidney strengthener due to the high collagen web content, bioavailable minerals, anti-inflammatory amino acids, as well as healing substances that can just be located in bones and also connective cells Beef Bone Broth Temperature.
Enjoy as celeb health and wellness trainer, Thomas DeLauer breaks down the ins as well as outs of what bone broth really is. In just 2 mins, he'll speak about what bone broth is as well as what it can do for your digestive tract, joint, as well as skin health and wellness Beef Bone Broth Temperature.
Some call Beef Bone Broth Temperature meat water. We call it liquid gold.
What makes this stuff so special? The brief solution is collagen. Bones as well as connective tissue are the only real nutritional sources of type II collagen-- a healthy protein that's understood for maintaining skin smooth and flexible and teeth as well as joints healthy, as well as promoting dozens of various other health and wellness benefits.
In addition to collagen, bones are also loaded with a number of anti-inflammatory amino acids, minerals, as well as compounds that can assist speed up your body's natural recovery processes from points like sporting activities injuries, joint inflammation, or dripping gut.
So, these "scraps" that a lot of us typically toss in the rubbish are significant dietary powerhouses. However when was the last time you chowed down on a piece of cow's knuckle? Or snacked on an ox tail? We'll assume the solution is never ever.
Given that we do not eat bones in their whole kind, cooking them right into a broth that's simmered for 10 to 20 hours (or even more) is the very best way to launch their powerful nutrients, and also experience an entire new level of health.
REQUIREMENT A FAST DESCRIPTION ON WHAT EXACTLY IS BEEF BONE BROTH TEMPERATURE ?
See as Celeb Health And Wellness Instructor, Thomas DeLauer damages down the ins as well as outs of what bone broth truly is. In just 2 mins, he'll discuss what bone broth is and what it can do for your intestine, joint, and also skin health and wellness beef bone broth temperature.
Bone broth has a rich history of being utilized as a digestion restorative, particularly in conventional Chinese medicine some 2,500 years earlier. Today, it is just one of the leading suggested foods for boosting signs and symptoms of persistent digestive system conditions, such as Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), Crohn's disease, as well as colitis.
The factor for why bone broth is so healing for the gut returns to collagen, which forms gelatin when it's cooked down also better. Collagen as well as jelly are not only abundant in amino acids that decrease inflammation in the GI tract-- such as glutamine-- they additionally have the unique ability to "seal and also recover" openings in the gut cellular lining, which can cause a problem called leaky digestive tract disorder.
Although research is in the early stages, there's evidence to reveal that leaky gut is the key hidden cause of digestive system conditions. It's additionally a factor to autoimmune conditions, clinical depression, mind fog, anxiety, allergic reactions, dermatitis, acne, and also persistent reduced energy. Most awful of all, dripping intestine can be quiet as well as show no signs and symptoms in the early stages. It's likewise believed to impact over 70% of the population.
Bone broth is recommended on special gut healing diets and also procedures, like the GAPS diet regimen, the SCD diet regimen, and also the Reduced FODMAP diet.
Whether it's an injury, joint inflammation, or sore muscles, there's no better way to nurture your bones and joints than by taking in more of the nutrients already discovered within them, consisting of hyaluronic acid, glucosamine, chondroitin, calcium, as well as magnesium. Bone broth is loaded with all of these nutrients, plus a number of amino acids that help in reducing joint discomfort and also swelling, like glycine and also proline. It's for these reasons that bone broth is ending up being a best recuperation drink amongst professional athletes.
An enjoyable truth: Kettle and Fire Bone Broth was birthed since our co-founder, Nick, tore his ACL playing football as well as required a premium bone broth to help accelerate his recuperation time. (You can find out more on that particular below.).
Following a bone broth diet regimen is fantastic for sustainable weight reduction. A bone broth diet includes eating Paleo for 5 days and not eating for 2. During this timespan you'll consume alcohol bone broth frequently with an increase in usage on the fasting days.
The mix of intermittent fasting and also bone broth increases weight management through burning fat more successfully and restricting calorie consumption. When doing the diet plan, we likewise noticed a reduction in cellulite.
Fat-Burning Bone Broth Cocktail Beef Bone Broth Temperature.
With just a couple of ingredients, this recipe is best for a delicious as well as extremely easy fat-burning alcoholic drink that you can work up instantaneously on busy early mornings prior to work or in the evenings post-workout.
Even if you had actually never come across bone broth in the past, you've most likely become aware of collagen, thanks to the appeal industry.
Several anti-aging skincare lines include collagen to their face lotions, moisturizers, and also serums (and also offer them for a king's ransom). But what lots of people don't know is that collagen molecules are too big to be absorbed through the skin, which means these lotions can not give much in the way of results.
The good news is that collagen can be absorbed through your digestive system. And due to the fact that there's a direct web link between the intestine and the skin, adding bone broth to your diet regimen is going to have a much more effective as well as enduring effect on the general look and wellness of your skin.
Allow's not forget hair and also nails, which are comprised of healthy proteins like collagen. Collagen aids strengthen nails, and motivates hair to grow in thicker, quicker, and take on a healthy luster. (Remember this for the following time you get a poor hairstyle!).
Deep, peaceful rest is something we might all make use of a little bit more of. As a matter of fact, statistics reveal the average individual obtains less than 7 hrs of sleep per evening, so it is essential to do whatever you can to make those hours matter.
Bone broth is rich in glycine, an anti-inflammatory amino acid that works on the Central Nerves (CNS). When taken before bed as a supplement, researches show glycine can boost sleep quality and minimize daytime drowsiness. It's much more efficient when paired with other sleep-supportive nutrients, like calcium as well as magnesium.
All of the benefits you reap from bone broth, your growing child will experience, as well-- including healthy bones, joints, and also a strong gastrointestinal system.
When early morning sickness hits, it can be difficult to maintain healthy food down. But bone broth often tends to be calming for nausea, as well as is generally well tolerated. Best of all, bone broth uses several of the nutrients you and your expanding baby need, consisting of protein, as well as essential vitamins and minerals. As an included reward, the slow-moving simmer time of the bones makes the nutrients in bone broth highly bioavailable and much easier to take in than a nutritional supplement.
Bone broth can also aid enhance fertility, help you have an extra comfortable pregnancy by beneficial tight or painful joints, and might boost calcium levels in breast milk.
Bone broth is a superb resource of nourishment on the Paleo diet regimen, and also is motivated to consume during periods of intermittent fasting. It additionally suits well with macronutrient needs on the keto diet, and also may help in reducing signs and symptoms of the keto influenza.
" Not only can bone broth help you stay clear of keto influenza, but it's additionally filled with minerals that recover leaking intestine and lower inflammation in your intestines." - Leanne Vogel, Writer of The Keto Diet.
The nutrition and also healing potential of bone broth is so effective, that an entire diet regimen-- The Bone Broth Diet-- has been developed around it.
The nutrients in bone broth make it a powerful functional food that can profit your whole household-- including your hair children. Bone broth is good for your animal's glossy layer, bones, joints, digestion, and also teeth.
Right here you can learn how Nellie, a 15 years of age rescue puppy, defeat her probabilities of living by only drinking bone broth.
Rich in collagen - Organic hen bones (specifically feet!) include additional collagen to your broth. Our poultry bone broth has 6 grams of collagen per serving.
Loaded with protein - Chicken is an excellent protein resource and also very same chooses poultry bones. Kettle & Fire bone broth comes loaded with 10 grams of protein per serving Beef Bone Broth Temperature.
Lowers gut swelling - Bone broth assists recover and also secure a dripping gut which is the root cause for lots of autoimmune conditions.
Rich in bone marrow - Bone broth made from 100% lawn fed livestock and simmered over lengthy chef times essences bone marrow which contains healthy nourishing hormones and lipids.
Loaded with amino acids - Comparable to poultry bone broth, the nutrients extracted from beef bones consist of amino acids like glycine and glutamine that improves food digestion as well as repair services your intestine cellular lining.
No. Plants are a terrific resource of minerals and vitamins that can assist boost your body to produce its own collagen, yet there is no recognized plant food that offers type II collagen, the type that provides every one of the health and wellness advantages provided above.
One thing to consider concerning bone broth that establishes it aside from plant foods: Also if you do eat a selection of plants that are abundant in collagen-boosting nutrients, if you have a weakened gastrointestinal system or dripping intestine, you might not fully absorb them. On the other hand, the collagen in bone broth is extremely very easy to soak up, also for those with endangered digestive systems.
Obviously, you do not just need to drink it-- although we do have a cost-free and epic downloadable bone broth sipping overview for when you do. You can blend bone broth into your environment-friendly smoothie mixes, make healthy collagen gummy bears, as well as utilize it in everything from rushed eggs, soups, curries, stews, breakfast bowls, and tacos.
We slow-simmer the natural bones to extract the collagen, proteins, and also amino acids right into a nutrient-rich bone broth. The result is a collagen-rich, high protein bone broth that provides your body the nutrients it requires to thrive.
Bone broth is an all-in-one superfood, loaded with nutrients that supply energy and also motivation, assist you sleep much better, make your skin look smoother, and can assist recover gastrointestinal problems like dripping digestive tract.
Bones and also connective tissue are warehouses for crucial amino acids and also minerals-- which are doing not have in lots of diet plans today. Bone Broth is additionally an indispensable resource of protein, collagen and also jelly.
It's not possible to consume whole bones or cells, however you can still appreciate these wellness advantages by drinking bone broth. Collagen is removed when you simmer bones for an extended period of time. Usually, the longer bone broth simmers, the even more collagen you'll extract.
Making bone broth is a straightforward procedure, but one that requires a lot of time and also patience. If time is out your side we can help you out with that said.
Bone broth is made by simmering pet bones as well as cells for at least 10 hrs with vegetables, natural herbs, and also spices such as thyme, garlic, as well as bay leaves. Top notch bone broth starts with high-quality components, utilizing bones from organic grass-fed animals as well as natural veggies. While any kind of bone or ligament can be made use of, knuckles, chicken feet, and also femur bones often tend to have the most collagen.
Simmering bones for a prolonged period of time is what offers bone broth its health benefits, drawing out the amino acids, minerals, and also collagen. This is a Pot & Fire-tested slow-moving stove poultry bone broth recipe that includes organic chicken bones, sea salt, fresh veggies like celery stalks, onions, as well as bell peppers, and herbs like parsley, rosemary, and also thyme.
Just cooking bones (no meat) and water is going to be mainly tasteless. Cooking the combination for hrs at a time isn't mosting likely to make it taste any better.
The idea that you're getting lots of nutrients from the bones is a MISCONCEPTION that will not pass away, although it has actually been exposed many times, consisting of via laboratory tests. The notion that adding vinegar to "release" those nutrients has also been debunked. You just wind up with a watery mess that tastes of vinegar.
Instead, purchase bones with meat on them. After that add veggies such as onions, carrots, celery, and simply adequate water to cover every little thing (usually 8 or 10 mugs). Skip the vinegar! Simmer for 3 to 4 hrs for poultry, a little longer for beef. Period according to preference. If you have an Immediate Pot, 25 to 35 mins is about right.
What you will get with this approach is a very savory broth that's probably significantly a lot more healthy-- including great deals of collagen-- and more healthy than any bone broth, as well as it will taste one hell of a whole lot much better. You can either consume the meat and also veggies (it's called SOUP) or you can strain them out as well as just consume the broth if you favor.
See, bare bones that have no meat, or, even worse, carcass bones that have actually already been prepared and also stripped of their meat, have just about no taste on their own.
Check Ina Garten's dish for hen broth. It's extremely comparable to this one and has been used with small variations by knowledgeable cooks for years.
There are 2 major distinctions in between bone broth and also normal broth or supply: simmering time and also the part of the pet it's made from (bones or flesh).
Routine broth and also stock are simmered for a much shorter period of time than bone broth, approximately 2-- 6 hrs. The expedited cooking process decreases the quantity of helpful gelatin removed from the bones, minimizing its capacity to enhance the immune system, heal digestion issues, and minimize the signs and symptoms of dripping intestine.
Prior To Kettle and Fire was born, among our founders, Nick, tore his ACL playing soccer (oops). His brother Justin heard about the benefits of bone broth for injury healing. As his routine really did not leave much time to make bone broth from scratch, he laid out to purchase a store-bought, top quality, grass-fed bone broth, because both of their hectic schedules didn't leave much time to make the broth themselves. (You can find out more regarding our tale here.).
Despite just how hard Justin looked, the perfect bone broth didn't exist. He looked for one that was 100 percent natural, fresh-- never ever frozen-- grass-fed, as well as slow-moving simmered (as well as one that could be delivered without wasteful, cumbersome product packaging). So, Nick and Justin determined to create a high-quality bone broth on their terms, which is the recipe we're honored to supply you today.
" Kettle & Fire provides a beneficial, top quality bone broth in a delicious and also hassle-free shelf-stable format. I like always understanding that I have actually obtained fantastic broth handy, without blocking my freezer or needing defrosting." - Dr. Sarah Ballantyne, three-time NYT Best-Selling Writer.
The beautiful aspect of bone broth is that there's really no limitation to exactly how you can include it to your diet. Apart from soups, stews, and also simple ol' drinking, bone broth mixes surprisingly well right into virtually any type of recipe-- even shakes! Right here are our leading ways to get it:.
Our bone broth preferences scrumptious sufficient to drink on its own, however you can spice it approximately match your taste. We developed our favored taste mixes in this cost-free downloadable "Bone Broth Sipping Overview" (bone broth matcha cappucinos, anybody?). Obtain your complimentary duplicate right here.
Drinking bone broth does not need to be boring-- there are endless methods to seasoning it and drink it. Obtain instantaneous accessibility to over 15 of our favorite bone broth drinking combinations, consisting of ginger and turmeric bone broth tonic and chili, as well as cardamom bone broth potion. Find out just how to utilize bone broth in your matcha cappucinos, golden milk, as well as tropical fruit healthy smoothies.
Our beef bone broth has a mild taste, which permits it to mix easily with almost anything, from healthy smoothies to healthy gummy bears. Our poultry bone broth and also mushroom chicken bone broth enhance the full-flavored flavor of soups, stews, and also risotto recipes. A few of our faves include:.
If you want to experience even more power as well as vigor than in the past, we reccomend checking out The Bone Broth Diet regimen, produced by Dr. Kellyann Petrucci.
The Bone Broth Diet plan not just boosts your intake of the healing nutrients and compounds important for digestive tract, skin, joint, and also bone wellness, yet assists fight systemic swelling, which goes to the source of many Western diseases as well as illness.
The bone broth diet plan is a 21-day strategy that's optimal for any person struggling with a chronic health problem (such as an autoimmune disorder), or anybody who intends to reset their gastrointestinal system as well as experience beautiful health. Learn more about the 21-day bone broth diet below.


Creating centrepieces for your table that ties in with the rest of your theme, look or event décor. From coloured table runners, T-lights, menu designs and table numbers all the way to the centrepiece itself. We will work with you in creating the best-looking table décor for your event. Here's a taste of what we can do.


Our body image is our perception of our body and simultaneously our measure of our own attractiveness. It is very closely linked to our self-esteem and how much we value ourselves or believe we are valued by others. Our body image is a product of our personal, social and cultural experiences, and often emerges as desire to adhere to an "ideal" body shape. Unfortunately, very few, if any, can achieve the airbrushed perfection portrayed in the media. In addition, research suggests that women tend to inaccurate perception of their appearance, often believing themselves to be larger and fatter than they actually are. The combined consequence is that many women feel trapped in a cycle of dieting and continual feelings of failure and guilt. In some cases this may lead to disordered eating patterns, eating disorders and negative impacts on general physical health.
Body image issues can be a long-term challenge for some women, but they can also emerge at certain specific times. For example, at times the stresses and strains of life, work and family can find expression in altered or lower than usual body image. The slowing of the metabolism with age, physical and hormonal changes after pregnancy and childbirth, and the onset of the menopause, can all have a huge effect on our perception of and attitude towards our body.
It can take time and work to effectively change self-perception, but healthy lifestyle choices and taking time to talk through feelings can be immensely beneficial.
You worry continually about changes in body shape or weight , and may diet or exercise excessively.
You compare your body unfavourably with others.
Our doctor will assess the impacts of any unhealthy dieting, such as purging or cycles of fasting and binging, and give advice or make referrals where necessary.


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Avant Garde was a magazine notable for graphic and logogram design by Herb Lubalin. The magazine had 14 issues and was published from January 1968 to July 1971. The magazine was based in New York City.

The editor was Ralph Ginzburg and this was the third collaboration with Lubalin. Previously they worked on Eros and Fact.

Avant Garde 3, published in May 1968, lists in the masthead:

Peter Schjeldahl as Features Editor, Leslie M. Pockell as Articles Editor, Lawrence Witchel, Executive Editor, L. Ransom Burton, Copy Editor, Rosemary Latimore, Research Director, Art Whitman, Production Director, Miriam Fier, Business Director, Paul Finegold handled circulation, Advertising was managed by Richard Stoneman, and Shoshanna Ginzburg was Promotion Director.

From January 1968 through July 1971, Ginzburg published Avant Garde. While it could not be termed obscene, it was filled with creative imagery often caustically critical of American society and government, sexual themes, and (for the time) crude language. One cover featured a naked pregnant woman; another had a parody of Willard's famous patriotic painting, "The Spirit of '76", with a woman and a black man.

Avant Garde had a modest circulation but was extremely popular in certain circles, including New York's advertising and editorial art directors. Herbert F. Lubalin (1918–1981), a post-modern design guru, was Ginzburg's collaborator on his four best-known magazines, including Avant Garde, which gave birth to a well-known typeface of the same name. It was originally intended primarily for use in logos: the first version consisted solely of 26 capital letters. It was inspired by Ginzburg and his wife, designed by Lubalin, and realized by Lubalin's assistants and Tom Carnase, one of Lubalin's partners. It is characterized by geometrically perfect round strokes; short, straight lines; and an extremely large number of kerned ligatures. The International Typeface Corporation (ITC) (of which Lubalin was a founder) released a full version in 1970.

References

External links
Avant Garde Archive
Avant Garde Magazine
A Brief History of Avant Garde
Alex White on Herb Lubalin's Avant Garde

Avant-garde magazines
Defunct magazines published in the United States
Magazines established in 1968
Magazines disestablished in 1971
Magazines published in New York City
Visual arts magazines published in the United States

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Place the milk and the tea bags in a small sauce pan. Heat over low and let simmer for 10 minutes. Press the tea bags against the saucepan to squeeze all of the extra tea from the bag. Discard tea bags.
Let the coconut milk cool, then, once cool, combine the milk, eggs, and vanilla in a large mixing bowl. Whisk until smooth.
In a large mixing bowl, sift together the coconut flour, cinnamon, salt, stevia, and baking powder.
Pour the wet ingredients into the dry ingredients and mix to combine. Fold in the coconut.
Heat a large non-stick skillet over medium heat. Grease the skillet with cooking spray.
Use a cookie scoop to drop the batter by rounded tablespoons into the skillet.
Let the pancakes cook for about 2-3 minutes on one side, then flip and let cook for an additional 2-3 minutes.
Transfer the pancakes to a plate to cool while you finish the rest.


A historic, nation-wide strike on the megastore's most profitable day could have a "permanent impact" on the Walmart brand.
As shoppers battle for discounted flat-screen TVs this Black Friday, Walmart workers will be fighting for a living wage. Employees at 1,000 Walmart stores across the country are planning to strike on one of the megastore's most profitable days. "There's the potential to cut into Walmart's brand in a permanent way," says Nation writer Josh Eidelson, who has been covering the Walmart strikes since the beginning. He stopped by MSNBC's The Ed Show to discuss the potential power of the worker walkout, and Walmart's illegal efforts to stop it.
Walmart has asked a judge to block the historic strikes, but their case looks weak. Check out Josh Eidelson's coverage here.


Spacious pub with bar area, open plan restaurant, function room and car park. Accommodation consists of 10 en-suite rooms. Three real ales are kept, invariably from Exmoor brewery. The pub is home to the local branch of the RBL and is also a big supporter of South Molton's Old English Fayre and other community events. Live swing and jam music nights take place twice each month. Small dogs are allowed in the bar only.


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Uto-Aztecan (MexSp uto-aztecas; Juto-astečki) /ime dolazi po plemenskim imenima Juti (eng. Utes) i Asteci (MexSp Azteco ili Azteca), etno-lingvistička porodica Američkih Indijanaca iz Meksika i zapadnih Sjedinjenih Država, čini glavnu granu Velike porodice (phylum, super-stock) Aztec-Tanoan. Većina jezika ove porodice prije je klasificirano ex-porodici Uto-Aztec-Tanoan, koja je obuhvaćala porodice Uto-Aztecan, Kiowan, Tanoan i Zunian. Danas se Zunian klasificira kao izolirana samostalna porodica, a porodice Kiowan i Zunian dovode se u vezu i povezuju u zajedničku porodicu Kiowa-Tanoan.
Porodica Uto-Aztecan dijeli se na osam glavnih skupina (grana), četiri od njih čine šošonske skupine i 4 Sonoran skupine. Obuhvaća 61 jezik

a) Shoshonean ili sjeverne juto-astečke skupine spadaju:
1. Numic sa:
Western Numic (prije nazivana Plateau Shoshonean) u koju pripadaju plemena Northern Paiute, Western Mono, Eastern Mono, Owens Valley Paiute i Bannock.
Skupina Southern Numic obuhvaća plemena i njihove dijalekte: Northern Ute, Tumpanogots, Pahvant, Fish Lake, Red Lake, Southern Ute, Paiute, Chemehuevi, Kawaiisu, Las Vegas, Shivwits, Uinkarets, Kaibab i Moapa.
Središnju grupu (Central Numic) čine pravi Shoshoni, to su: Gosiute, Weber Ute, Wind River, Comanche, Western Shoshoni, Sheep Eater Shoshoni ili Tukuarika, Lemhi Shoshoni, Northern Shoshoni i Panamint ili Koso.
2. skupina Shoshona je Tübatulabal koji se dijele na 3 lokalne grupe;
3: Hopi;
4: Takic. Takic skupina obuhvaća plemena Šošona iz južne Kalifornije: Acjachemem ili Juaneño, Luiseño, Cupeño, Gabrieleño, Fernandeño, Nicoleño, Cahuilla, Aguas Calientes, Serrano, Alliklik, Vanyume.

b) U južnne juto-astečke skupine pripadaju grane Sonoran sastoji se od 3 skupine i nahuan:
Sonorska skupina
b1. Taracahitian ili Yaquian s plemenima Tarahumara, Yaqui, Mayo, Cinaloa, Ópata, Tubar, Eudeve, Acaxee, Xixime, Zoe, Suma, Tahue, Pacaxe, Hine, Hio, Tehueco, Nio, Ocoroni, Achire, Nacosura, Aibine, Ahome, Comanito, Tepahue, Temori, Baimena, Batuc, Chinarra, Mocorito, Sabaibo, Guasave, Hume, Jova, Jumano, Macoyahui, Chizo, Concho, Vacoregue, itd.
b2. Druga skupina Corachol ili Coran obuhvaća Indijance Cora s ograncima Coano, Huaynamota i Zayahueco;  Huichol; Tecual i Guachichil.
b3. Treća Piman: Ova skupina obuhvaća grupe Pima, Papago, Pima Bajo, Colotlan, Tepehuane, Vigitega, Potlapigua, Yecora, Himeri, Piato, Ure.
b4. Tubar
Skupina Nahua koja obuhvaća slavna plemena Tolteci, Aztec, Totorame, Tlaxcalteca, Tepeaca, Michoaca, Quauhquecholteca, Sigua, Pochutla, Nahuatlate, Meztitlaneca, Zacateco, Lagunero, Cazcan, Desaguadero, Tecuexe, Nicarao, Pipil, Sayultec, itd.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice
Ethnologue (14th)
Ethnologue (15th)
Uto-Aztecan stock
Tree for Uto-Aztecan

Aztec-Tanoan jezici

Jezici po abecedi:J
indijanska plemena


Love it or list it--just get it out of my hallway, before I kick it off the balcony!
When a man is upset, cover his face with soothing lotions. When a man is on fire, do the same. This is a kind of consistency that few appreciate, least of all an angry burn victim.
The word 'factotum' will be downsized from the dictionary, forcing the phrase 'snap-scrotum' to do double duty. Many will be confused, and none will be pleased.
To avoid scandal, do not mix yourself up in any assassination plots. This is harder than it looks.
Drive more slowly, chew more noisily, breathe more forcefully, whistle more relentlessly. You will lose a few friends this way, but have awakened a way of life.
I'm not quitting my assassination plots. There are principles at stake here.


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Die Kaczawa (deutsch: die Katzbach) ist ein linker Nebenfluss der Oder in der polnischen Woiwodschaft Niederschlesien.

Verlauf

Die Kaczawa entspringt Im Bober-Katzbach-Gebirge (im Gebiet des Bleibergkamms) unterhalb des Berges Turzec (Schubertberg) bei Kaczorów (Ketschdorf) und fließt zunächst nach Norden, später nach Nordosten durch die Städte Wojcieszów (Kauffung), Świerzawa (Schönau), Złotoryja (Goldberg) sowie Legnica (Liegnitz) und mündet nach 98 km bei Prochowice (Parchwitz) in die Oder.

Ihre wichtigsten Zuflüsse sind die Skorą (Schnelle Deichsa) auf der linken und die Wütende Neiße () auf der rechten Seite. Die Katzbach hat einen reißenden Lauf, da ihr Gefälle 360 m beträgt, ist aber im Sommer in der Regel wasserarm. Sie fließt in dem Gebiet des ehemaligen Regierungsbezirkes Liegnitz der preußischen Provinz (Nieder-)Schlesien.

Geschichte
Am 26. August 1813 besiegten der preußische Generalfeldmarschall Blücher und der preußische Generalmajor Gneisenau mit ihrer Schlesischen Armee in der Schlacht an der Katzbach die napoleonischen Streitkräfte unter Führung von Napoleons Marschall McDonald.

Sonstiges
Die Redewendung "Der geht ran wie Blücher an der Katzbach" bezieht sich auf die Schlacht an der Katzbach.

Literatur
 Katzbach, Lexikoneintrag in: Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon, 6. Auflage, Band 10, Leipzig/Wien 1907, S. 757–758 ( online).
 Karl Herloßsohn: Wanderungen durch das Riesengebirge und die Grafschaft Graz. Mit 30 Stahlstichen. Wigand, Leipzig, ohne Jahresangabe (1840/41), S. 215–216 (online).

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

1Katzbach


We've got an academic who wants students to engage with their assignment feedback before they can view a grade. I don't believe this is currently possible in Moodle and there aren't any third party assignment types that handle this type of workflow. Does anyone have any experience delivery this type of workflow in Moodle?
There's a possibility this could become quite an interesting custom development, building upon the existing assignment workflow states. Perhaps introducing a new state (before Released) called 'Feedback review' this state would release the Feedback comments to a student with an additional 'Reflection on my feedback' box where students could reflect. Staff could then switch to the released state once a student has submitted a reflection on their feedback.
You can use the Dataform plugin with two views. In the first view the instructor can discuss the feedback with the student. In another view the instructor can add the grade and release it at any time.
Thanks for the recommendation, we'll spend some time looking at the Dataform plugin. It looks like quite a flexible tool.
I have an instructor who is asking for the something similar. He would like the feedback viewable, but the grade hidden in assignment when students upload a file.
It is very useful for peer review. Teacher has the full control when to give feedback and when to make grades available.
Thank you for your reply. I guess I wasn't clear on what the instructor would like to do. He uses the assignment module (online and upload file) and wants the students to only see the feedback he gives but not the grade. I can see where this could be useful if you want students to focus on the feedback and not the grade before doing a rewrite or resubmission. Right now you can hide the grade, but from everything I have read that also hides the feedback. The workshop module that you linked to really doesn't match how he uses Moodle in his course. I am thinking he may have to have two windows open, one for the assignment he is grading and the other the participants list, and whenever he wants to give feedback to a particular student he clicks on them in the participants list and sends it to them through the messaging system.
Do you think there would be interest in a setting in the hide grade feature that would allow instructors to hide the grade, but show the feedback?
I agree I think having this kind of functionality in the Moodle core assignment would be very useful. There seems to be a bit of a buzz about this type work-flow atm (feedback first, then grade). Although the Dataform module looks to fulfil our requirement it seems like there would be some real benefits having this functionality in the core of Moodle.


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Hrafnhildur is an officially approved Icelandic female given name. It is the younger version of Hrafnhildr. The name is derived from the Old Norse words for bird and battle. It has consistently been in the top 100 Icelandic names for the last 20 years

Given name

Arts and music
Hrafnhildur Hagalín, Icelandic playwright
Hrafnhildur Arnardóttir (Shoplifter), Icelandic artists working mainly in human hair

Sports
Hrafnhildur Lúthersdóttir, Icelandic Olympic swimmer
Hrafnhildur Skúladóttir, Former Icelandic handball player and coach
Hrafnhildur Hanna Þrastardóttir, Icelandic handball player
Hrafnhildur Hauksdóttir, Icelandic football player
Hrafnhildur Guðmundsdóttir, Icelandic Olympic swimmer
Katrín Davíðsdóttir, Icelandic CrossFit athlete

Science and Technology
Hrafnhildur Hanna Ragnarsdóttir, Professor Emeritus in Education and Development

References

External links
 Hrafnhildur on Nordic Names

Feminine given names
Icelandic feminine given names


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Franz von Seitz, né le  à Munich et y décédé le  est un peintre, lithographe, graveur et concepteur de costumes bavarois. Il est aussi professeur de lycée et directeur de théâtre.

Biographie
Seitz a étudié à l'Académie des beaux-arts de Munich avec le professeur Joseph Schlotthauer puis travaille comme lithographe et graveur. En 1848, il prend la direction artistique du magazine satirique Leuchtkugeln. À partir de 1855 il devient créateur de costumes pour le théâtre de cour de Munich. En 1858, il a été nommé professeur à l'Académie des beaux-arts. En 1869, il en devient le directeur artistique. En 1876, à sa retraite, il devient membre honoraire de l'Académie des arts.

Franz Seitz meurt à Munich à l'âge de 65 ans. Il y est enterré dans le vieux cimetière du Sud.

Entre autres choses, il conçoit les décorations intérieures du château de Linderhof. Avec son fils Rudolf, il réalise l'aménagement du train royal de Louis II, sur le modèle du château de Versailles.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Peintre allemand du XIXe siècle
Louis II (roi de Bavière)
Naissance en décembre 1817
Naissance à Munich
Naissance dans le royaume de Bavière
Décès en avril 1883
Décès à Munich
Décès dans le royaume de Bavière
Décès à 65 ans
Personnalité inhumée à l'ancien cimetière du Sud


text:
Scholars Protest McCarthy-Reminiscent Pro Israeli Web Site
https://www.meforum.org/campus-watch/8110/scholars-protest-mccarthy-reminiscent-pro-israeli
NEW YORK - Four Professors from New York University have joined tens of scholars in protests over Campus Watch, a pro-Israel group that witch-hunts academics and intellectuals, whom they perceive as showing signs of anti-Israel bias.
The scholars are among more than 100 across the US who in recent weeks have written to Campus Watch in defense of eight professors who the group has labeled on its web site as "apologists to terrorism".
The Middle East Forum, a pro-Israel organization, set up the Campus Watch web site last September listing faculty members from a number of universities and allowing students to report on them.
This move by the Philadelphia-based think tank has been decried by academics as campus McCarthyism and attempted intimidation.
The Muslim Public Affairs Council, among others, has regarded the project as "basically a hate Web site" and that posting "dossiers" on faculty members amounts to a blacklist.
Campus Watch listed NYU as one of 20 U.S. colleges that "fan the flames of disinformation, incitement and ignorance" with regard to Middle Eastern studies, according to the Web site.
Moreover, it accuses Arab American scholars of generally being biased against the United States and being apologists for so-called 'unfriendly' regimes.
Organizers of Campus Watch said the site targets professors who "actively dissociate themselves from the United States."
For instance, it criticizes Rashid Khalidi, a professor of Near East languages and civilization at the University of Chicago, for dedicating his study of the Palestine Liberation Organization to "those who gave their lives during the summer of 1982 ... in defense of the cause of Palestine and the independence of Lebanon."
Eight professors have been listed on the site so far. The dossiers include short biographies as well as personal articles, letters to editors and essays written and published by these professors.
Soon after the list of scholars was drafted, a professor from the University of California at Berkeley urged scholars to write in and request to be added to the list as an act of solidarity with the eight professors initially posted.
A gender theorist at Berkeley, Judith Butler, wrote that she would like to be included in the list of US academics "who oppose the Israeli occupation and its brutality, actively support Palestinian rights of self-determination".
NYU Middle Eastern studies professors Jenine Abboushi, Khaled Fahmy, Zachary Lockman and history professor Mary Nolan also joined more than 100 professors and graduate students who asked to have their names added.
Campus Watch responded by creating a new section called "Solidarity with Apologists" on its web site for the professors who wrote in to support their colleagues.
"[The new section] was a slimy move," Lockman said. "Campus Watch listed all of us as having written in to 'express our solidarity with apologists for Palestinian and Islamist violence.' Of course we had done no such thing."
"The original scholars targeted by Campus Watch were not apologists for terrorism, nor are those of us who wrote to protest being slanderously attacked in this way," he added.
Opponents immediately called the site "McCarthy-like" and an attempt to stifle opposition to US policy in the Middle East.
Some of the professors who appear on the site derided it as fear-mongering.
Khalidi called the site "slimy" and said the effort "could have a chilling effect if people allow themselves to be intimidated." Campus Watch is part of a "well-financed campaign of black propaganda" that is bound to create opposition, he said.
"All of this reeked of McCarthyism and I considered it a gross attack on the freedom of expression," Fahmy meanwhile said.
"McCarthyism was defeated by upholding and defending the principle of freedom of expression and by confronting attempts to silence and muzzle dissenting voices," he added.
"I therefore felt it incumbent upon me to write to Campus Watch expressing my solidarity with the eight blacklisted professors and also to express my repugnance at these cheap, non-academic tactics."
Fahmy said the political climate in the US after Sept. 11 had lowered the tolerance for dissent and helped to spark "fanatical" forums like Campus Watch.
"Such fanatical vigilantism could not have been possible had there not been an administration in Washington that seems to be responding to people's post-Sept. 11 worst instincts of fear and xenophobia, not by sober reflection, but by agitating such fears to justify its repeated attacks on constitutional rights and civil liberties," Fahmy said.
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Ernest Beutler (September 30, 1928 – October 5, 2008) was a German-born American hematologist and biomedical scientist.  He made important discoveries about the causes of a number of diseases, including anemias, Gaucher disease, disorders of iron metabolism and Tay–Sachs disease. He was also among the first scientists to identify X-inactivation as the genetic basis of tissue mosaicism in female mammals, and pioneered a number of medical treatments, including bone marrow transplantation techniques. Beutler served as a Professor, then Chairman, of the Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine at The Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, California from 1979 until 2008.

Early life and education
Born in Berlin, to a Jewish family, his family home was located on Reichskanzlerplatz, renamed "Adolf Hitler Platz" after Hitler's ascent to power, and then Theodor Heuss Platz after the Second World War. Both of his parents (Alfred and Kaethe, née Italiener) were  physicians. His mother, a pediatrician, was in pre-war times the physician to Harald Quandt, son of Magda Quandt née Rietschel, later Magda Goebbels, wife of the German propaganda minister.  The second of three children, Beutler was preceded by an older brother, Frederick (b. October 3, 1926, later a professor of mathematics at the University of Michigan), and followed by a younger sister, Ruth (b. November 23, 1932, later a clinical psychologist; d. July 14, 1993).  In 1935, when Beutler was seven years of age, the family emigrated to the United States to escape Nazi persecution.  Beutler was raised in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

At 15, Beutler enrolled in a special program at the University of Chicago, founded by Robert Hutchins, then President of the University.  He completed his undergraduate, medical school and residency training at the University of Chicago, receiving his doctorate in medicine in 1950 at the age of 21.  He was a member of Pi Lambda Phi and the valedictorian of his graduating class.

Academic career and scientific contributions
Beutler pursued a remarkably eclectic research career, and made fundamental contributions in many different areas of science over 56 years of active publication.  His first scientific paper was published in 1952, and concerned the effect of X-irradiation on susceptibility to influenza virus in mice.  This was an attempt to determine whether irradiated mice might offer a better experimental model in which to detect human viral infections.  Not long afterward, he published a paper on the lag phase of E. coli, which is also influenced by X-irradiation.  This work, carried out during his residency in the laboratory of Leon O. Jacobson, was aimed at the development of an assay for a humoral radioprotective factor, and reflected a chance observation.  Beutler also developed an early interest in iron metabolism, prompted by his clinical observation of the rapid symptomatic improvement of iron deficient patients treated with iron:  an improvement that preceded any major hematologic change, and showed that numerous enzymes were sensitive to iron deficiency.

After completing his residency (1953), Beutler applied for a commission as a lieutenant in the U.S. Army, and was assigned to the Army Malaria Research Program.  During this period, he worked at Joliet Prison in Illinois (1953–1954), investigating anemia produced by antimalarial drugs.  In the course of his work, he identified glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency as a genetic defect that leads to the lysis of red blood cells under conditions of oxidative stress.  This work hinged on his demonstration that red blood cell glutathione was unstable to oxidative stress.  Later, he was to develop an assay for glutathione that was widely used in studies of red cell oxidative metabolism.

He was later transferred to Camp Detrick in Frederick, Maryland (1954–1955), where he studied Q fever.  He was honorably discharged from the Army with the rank of captain.

Beutler then joined the faculty of the Department of Medicine at the University of Chicago, where he studied iron metabolism and red blood cell metabolism.  In 1959, he became chairman of the Department of Medicine of the City of Hope National Medical Center in Duarte, California, and in 1979 assumed the chairmanship of the Department of Clinical Research at the Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation.  Three years later, he was asked to become Chairman of a merged department (the Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine) at Scripps, which later became The Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, CA.  He maintained his position as Chairman until his 80th birthday, only a few days before his death.

Not long after moving to California, Beutler made one of his most important contributions.  A new colleague at the City of Hope and ultimately a lifelong friend, Susumu Ohno had recently demonstrated that the histologically observable Barr body present in the nuclei of mammalian female cells was a hyperchromatic X chromosome.  Beutler immediately recognized that this might account for the variable expression of X-linked genes in females heterozygous for X-linked mutations.  He soon determined that random X chromosome inactivation causes tissue mosaicism in female mammals, in that each somatic cell expresses one (but not both) of the alleles of X-linked genes with which it is endowed. This he accomplished by showing that two populations of erythrocytes exist in the blood of African American women who are heterozygous for G6PD deficiency. Mary F. Lyon independently hypothesized that variegated coat colors in mice might arise from random X chromosome inactivation. This, too, flowed from Ohno's observations.

Beutler's seminal work on G6PD deficiency led him to further explore hemolytic anemias caused by various enzyme deficiencies.  The systematic methodology that he developed became the standard approach to study of patients with these disorders.

Beutler made major contributions to the understanding of Tay–Sachs disease.  He purified the enzyme that is aberrant in this disease and demonstrated its multimeric structure.  His group cloned the gene responsible for Gaucher disease and developed treatments for this disease, as well as diagnostic tests.  Beutler also developed a screening test for galactosemia, which is used to this day to detect the disease in neonates, and prevent its severe consequences.

Beutler was the first to attempt pharmacologic intervention in sickle cell disease by increasing methemoglobin levels, carboxyhemoglobin levels, and fetal hemoglobin levels.  The latter approach depended on administration of estrogen, progesterone and human chorionic gonadotropin.  These attempts were unsuccessful, but presaged the use of hydroxyurea as a treatment modality.

In addition, Beutler designed the first artificial storage media for red blood cells, introduced the use of mannitol (still a mainstay in red cell preservation), and devised a variety of approaches to maintaining red cell ATP and 2,3-DPG levels and determined the viability of the cells in human volunteers.

He also played a major role in pioneering new therapies for leukemia:  bone marrow transplantation in acute leukemia, and 2-chorodeoxyadenosine in chronic leukemias and lymphomas.

Beginning in the mid-1990s, Beutler attempted to positionally clone the mutation responsible for the common adult-onset form of hereditary hemochromatosis.  He failed to identify the mutation before it was found by others to affect HFE, a member of the major histocompatibility complex family of proteins.  However, in contrast to the reports of others, he found that only about 2% of males and no females homozygous for the mutation showed severe clinical manifestations of the disease.  This study depended upon genotypic and phenotypic analysis of more than 43,000 subjects.

Beutler served as an editor of Williams Hematology, a widely used text in this medical specialty, for more than 20 years:  from its inception until the last year of his life.  In keeping with his editorial interests and his requirements as a publishing scientist, Beutler also wrote the software for the first comprehensive bibliographic retrieval system used by publishing scientists.  Later commercialized as Reference Manager, it is still in wide use today.

He authored more than 800 publications, 19 books, and over 300 book chapters over a 55-year scientific career.

Awards and honors
 Member of the National Academy of Sciences (1976)
 Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1975)
 Gairdner Foundation International Award (1975)
 Member of the Institute of Medicine (2004)

Beutler was a president of both the American Society of Hematology and the Western Association of Physicians. He also received a Doctor Philosophiae Honoris Causa, Tel Aviv University. He was also elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences and was presented with the inaugural Award for Lifetime Achievement from The American Society of Hematology.
He was a recipient of the American Society of Hematology's E. Donnall Thomas Prize in 2003.

Family
Married to Brondelle May Fleisher in 1950, Beutler had four children (Steven Merrill Beutler, Earl Bryan Beutler, Bruce Alan Beutler, and Deborah Ann Beutler). Bruce A. Beutler, also a biomedical scientist and 2011 Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine, occasionally collaborated with Ernest Beutler scientifically, over a period spanning more than 30 years.

References

External links
Ernest Beutler (1928–2008) – Profile, including an oral history, from The American Society of Hematology.
Scientific Publications – All publications of articles by Ernest Beutler listed in PubMed.
Marshall A. Lichtman, "Ernest Beutler", Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences (2012)

1928 births
2008 deaths
American medical researchers
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
American hematologists
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Scientists from Berlin
Scripps Research faculty
University of Chicago alumni
Scientists from Milwaukee
People from La Jolla, San Diego
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States
Jewish American scientists
United States Army officers
University of Michigan faculty
Pritzker School of Medicine alumni
Presidents of the American Society of Hematology
Members of the National Academy of Medicine


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text:
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South America's largest country has more to offer than you could ever imagine. Welcome to MojoTravels, and today we're counting down our picks for the Top 10 Places You Have to Visit in Brazil. For this list, we're looking at various incredible and diverse destinations in Brazil that you should seriously consider next time you feel a case of wanderlust coming on.


text:
"You were noticed?"
Clement started to shake his head, but paused after considering the question. "I wasn't noticed, but one of the demons was aware that he was being watched."
"As long as the augur didn't spot you. The enchantments provided by the naughty nun," she said with some amount of disdain in her voice, "won't work if they know where to look."
"I know," Clement said for what had to be the tenth time. Just because he couldn't use magic himself didn't mean he couldn't understand simple concepts.
Especially concepts related to enchanting.
The enchantments on his visor—his new visor—were quite the upgrade. Previously, he would be able to track demons. Walls hadn't been much of an obstacle, but they did lessen clarity. More than that required specialized equipment that Gertrude had enchanted.
Now he could see specific individuals so long as they radiated enough demonic taint. He could tell which direction they were facing, whether they were standing or sitting, and several other minor details.
That wasn't even getting into the auditory enchantments. Being able to hear a fly land on the wall was somewhat disorienting. Especially when Gertrude's voice sounded perfectly normal at the same time.
It was handy for spying. Clement had to admit that.
Gertrude frowned, but she didn't move.
She couldn't move. Even with all the wonders of magic and potions, there was only so much that could be done about damage to the spinal cord. And Gertrude had a bit more than simple damage. She had three separate wounds that had each punctured straight through different points of her spine.
Clenching his fist, Clement grit his teeth together. She could still work her magic. Gertrude had been churning out a full suit of armor for him, complete with enchantments. His original suit had taken years to make, but this one would be completed within a handful of weeks. A few months total, but nothing that compared to his old suit.
That was about all she could do. With all of her time dedicated to enchanting, there wasn't much in the way of distractions. No putting down a gauntlet to run off chasing down some demon or other.
She did have another project. Something that might assist her in moving about. Whether or not she would be able to fight was still unknown. At the very least, she would be able to get out and do reconnaissance with Clement.
"Stop that."
Clement started. He closed his eyes, drawing in a deep breath before relaxing himself.
"I can hear your teeth grinding together. You'll ruin them, you know?"
Making a noncommittal grunt, Clement moved closer to Gertrude and brushed some of her hair out of her eyes. "Can I get you anything?"
"Not right now. But this is troublesome. We got rid of one of the primary summoners and half of the demons around. Now there are a dozen more? What does it take to put down this infestation?"
"Should we really be here?"
Gertrude's eyes narrowed to thin slits. They were one of the few things that she still had full control over. As such, she went to every effort to make full use of her glares.
"You're not suggesting we run, are you?"
"There are other demon hunters in the area now. Leave it to them. You said that healers of the Elysium Order might be able to mend your back. Let us seek them out."
"And leave this to those amateurs? They run in and get themselves killed. We can't leave this to them."
Clement frowned. They hadn't run in and yet Gertrude was lying in a bed, immobile. She had been caught off guard by a blood magic wielding demon and another demon who appeared entirely out of nowhere. Clement had only succeeded in his mission because of Gertrude's ring. That was gone now. If another demon of that caliber appeared, they would be dead without a doubt.
"Something is being planned and it does not bode well for humanity. Whatever it is."
Gertrude wanted to shake her head in frustration. He could tell just from the way her lips curled downwards ever so slightly.
"Did you learn anything?"
Clement grit his teeth again for just a moment before remembering Gertrude's warning. "Nothing significant. The humans were schoolchildren, discussing being trapped in Hell for a time. After that…"
"After that what?"
Frown deepening, Clement shook his head. "They discussed school. Attending it. The demons—or the female at least—seemed excited. If I hadn't known better, I might have thought they were ordinary children. Only a few comments stood out as things children wouldn't discuss. Other than being stuck in Hell, that is.
"Of course, I missed portions of their conversation. If I watched for too long, the male demon would sense my observations and comment on it, halting the discussion."
"Troublesome. Not insurmountable though. And you didn't hear anything from the main group of demons?"
"I stopped by, but the dormitories are too full of people. All the sound blurs together into one unintelligible mess."
Clement had been hoping to hear anything. After the girl and the demon who had injured Gertrude teleported in, he had tried for a while. Too long, if he was being honest with himself. Unfortunately, the enchantments just weren't up to the task of filtering out things he didn't need to hear.
"As we expected. I may be able to adjust the enchantment. It wouldn't be ready soon, however."
"Shouldn't you at least be working on your own project. Doing something for yourself and getting mobile again?"
"No time. If these demons are planning on something, we need your armor ready to handle whatever that may be."
"Don't argue. I'm not able to fight at the moment. It is going to be all up to you. Other hunters are unreliable. They can't even kill a single demon despite sacrificing their lives trying. Pathetic."
Clement stood still in their home—one of the many abandoned buildings around Brakket City—and watched Gertrude for a moment.
With his sword still intact, he held no doubts about his ability to handle most of the demons out there. There were a few that might give him pause, but quelling a number of them might be enough to disrupt their plans. Finishing his armor would only increase his chances of success. Especially his chances of success while still living through it in the end.
If he died, was captured, or otherwise became unavailable while Gertrude was bedridden… she might be able to teleport someplace where she could get help, but he doubted that she would trust anyone to do anything. It was a very real possibility that she might choose to starve in this bed.
He didn't argue against her words, but he didn't have to like them either.
"Bring me your new boots," she said after a moment. "I'll get to working on reweaving the enchantments."
Clement stood still for just a moment before moving to comply. She was right in the end. He needed to be ready for whatever may happen. To protect her, if nothing else.
The week couldn't end soon enough for Eva.
Going to regular school with nothing exciting on the side to distract her was something of a nightmare. She had thought that it would be nice. A vacation from demon hunters, necromancers, nuns, and whatever else had plagued her school career. Unfortunately, that lack of excitement just revealed the true monotony of Brakket Academy—the dull feeling that most normal students experienced over the course of their school years.
Even a dozen demons running around the school and posing as students didn't create quite the drama that Eva might have expected.
Professor Chelsea Lepus spent a moment loudly clearing her throat. "Now class, I know you're still excited about our new friends," she said with only a hint of distaste leaking through in her tone, "but we do have material that needs to be covered in a timely manner."
One of the demons had been assigned to Eva's class. The demon called Srey. One of the few who didn't actually seem to want to be on Earth. He kept to himself in the back of the classroom, shooting glares at… well, mostly everyone, but especially those who approached him.
Not that his glares actually stopped anyone.
Glancing over her shoulder, Eva found a number of people all seated at his table. Mostly girls, but he had a few guys seated nearby as well.
And they were continuously giggling about something or other.
Apparently his appearance was cute. Eva just didn't see it. As a human, he didn't look much different from most other teens around the school. He had moderately long hair draped over one eye—though he wasn't hiding anything behind the hair—and was lean almost to the point of being too skinny.
Of course, nobody knew what he really looked like. Not even Eva. She hadn't asked and he hadn't appeared anywhere outside his human form to the best of her knowledge. To her sense of demons, he was somewhat wispy and insubstantial. Not in the same vacuous manner of Vektul, but just lacking a firm presence.
But knowing that he was disguising himself didn't stop half of Eva's warding class from gathering around him.
There were two types of human students around the school. Some were fearful. It was easy to tell who fit into that category as they often ran around with their heads down, trying to draw as little attention to themselves as possible. Why they still attended Brakket was anyone's guess. Maybe they had no other choices either because of family and monetary issues or perhaps their family just didn't see demons as a big deal.
Or they were first generation mages and had nowhere else to go.
The second category were the ones who were desperately overeager to interact with the demons. People who tried to crowd around the demons during meals, classes, or even between classes in the hallways. They would badger the demons with questions and comments in a manner that Eva would have expressly discouraged in the diablery class.
There were very few people in between the two groups. Her friends, including Irene and Shelby, were somewhat subdued about the whole thing. Most of the students who had participated in the diablery class were as well—which was nice to see. Just about everyone else fit in one category or another.
Amusingly enough, most of the demons seemed to prefer the company of the fearful group of students. Something that didn't surprise Eva all that much. She wouldn't want to be pestered with incessant questions about Hell or what she really looked like. A few demons reveled in the attention. The succubus that Juliana had met with chief among them. But the majority either kept to themselves or drifted towards the quieter half of the student body.
Unfortunately, her current class fit into the latter category.
Really, she wished that they would stop.
Chelsea Lepus was the warding professor for Brakket Academy, one of the electives that Eva had decided would be good to take. It had a vague relation to shackles that gave her a familiar enough grounding while still being something new. So far, it actually had very little to do with her blood wards. Those were constructed and acted entirely differently from thaumaturgical wards.
A good teacher, but she was strict.
Every time she stopped to address any disruptions, time just seemed to drag on.
Eva watched the clock, wondering if it had always been so slow. Each tick seemed to take longer than the previous.
"As I'm sure you've learned in your theory classes," she said as the giggling died down. "Circles are an excellent basis for magical effects. They contain the magic put into them, allowing it to be used to power whatever you're trying to do.
"In rituals, we draw a circle and define a height in the pattern itself. This contains the magical effect to a limited area. Were you to leave this part out, the magic would disperse upwards and downwards, still within the circle though too thin to work with in most cases."
Professor Lepus drew a somewhat lopsided circle on the board and filled it with what Eva was almost certain were nonsensical scribbles until there was very little of the whiteboard visible.
"However, we are not learning how to create ritual circles. Thaumaturgy is all about phasing out such tiresome and cumbersome work used in the ways of old magics, replacing physical drawings with mental thought patterns. However, with only thought patterns things become both simpler and more complex.
"Some of you may be able to look at this and memorize all the intricate details contained within so thoroughly that you can form a perfect picture of the circle within your mind's eye. And that will work for spell casting. But memory is prone to error. Sometimes a catastrophic error. Dangerous to cast and if I catch anyone doing so, you'll be out of this class instantly."
Pacing at the front of the classroom with her hands clasped behind her back, Professor Lepus stared out over the class as if daring them to go ahead and try.
After a few moments of staring, she took the eraser and wiped out a sizable portion of the circle.
"I just erased the spatial limiting portion of the circle. There is still a lot left, but it is far easier to memorize now, wouldn't you say?"
"Won't the magic just leak out the tops and bottoms now?" someone from the back of the class called out.
"Raise your hand before speaking Ana, but yes. Were you to attempt to power the circle as is, the magic would disperse. However, outside the physical space and with the power of thought, we can contain the magic elsewise. Can anyone think of how?"
The class fell silent for a moment. Even the people in the very back of the room were paying attention.
Eva had a feeling that she knew the answer, it was really quite obvious. But she didn't want to get it wrong. With her distinctive appearance, she often felt that other people noticed her more often than they noticed others. And she really didn't want to give demons a bad name by failing what was probably an extremely simple question.
At Eva's side, Irene raised a hand into the air, saving Eva from having to answer. When called upon, she cleared her throat before speaking. "Think of a sphere."
"Very good, Irene. In the physical world, drawing a sphere isn't the easiest thing," she said with a chuckle. Pointing a finger at the blank spot on the board, she continued. "But a simple object like a sphere can take the place of a portion of the circle. In this class, we'll learn how to take more away from the ritual circle until all that remains is an easily memorizable spell. Casting it won't be as quick and easy as your lightnings and fireballs, but it will be much faster than drawing it all out. Not to mention the lack of back problems from being hunched over the floor for hours on end."
Looking around the classroom, Professor Lepus gave a firm nod of her head. "That will be class for the day. There will be no extracurricular work, though try to think up ways to simplify ritual circles with the power of thought."
As soon as she finished speaking, the chime rang, signaling the end of class. Perfectly timed as always. No matter the disruptions, her lessons so far all had ended just as the bell was ringing.
Almost as if she planned for the disruptions.
Standing up, Eva arched her back, listening to the light pops going up her spine. Sitting in one spot for too long really put a crick in her back.
But at least she felt like she was learning something. Without all the excitement and danger going on, she actually had time to pay attention to the lessons. They were finally going more in-depth on the order and chaos side of thaumaturgy.
"I can't believe you guys visited some demons without me."
"I thought you would be showing up," Irene said with a sigh. "Juliana said you might be coming."
"Yeah, she didn't tell me about it until after. Though not wanting them to be focused on me was a decent reason, it would have been nice to at least have been told."
"Well, it was a strange experience. I had to keep reminding myself that we were meeting with demons and not some random student. Catherine is much more… obvious once you know what to look for."
"They would definitely blend in a whole lot better if nobody knew that they were demons beforehand," Eva said, glancing over her shoulder towards the demon in their class.
Srey was staring right at her. All the students around him were packing their bags or otherwise getting ready to go on to their next class. He just sat and stared.
Until Eva met his eyes.
With a slight jerk of his head towards the doorway, he stood up, slipped between the students crowding him, and made his way to the hallway.
Eva sighed. "I think he wants to talk with me now too."
Irene, having watched the whole thing, just shook her head. "What gave you that idea?"
"Just the words of a little birdie passing by. Come on, let's go see what he wants."
"Me too?" Irene asked, taking a step back. After a moment, her shoulders slumped. "Fine. Save your breath. I would have just gotten talked into it in the end anyway. Or dragged along somewhat unwillingly."
"That was one time. Every other time has been entirely your choice."
"And that one time just so happened to be the time monsters almost killed us. At least nothing too bad happens when I go willingly."
"You're acting far too melodramatic," Eva said as they got out into the hallway.
Looking around, she couldn't find Srey anywhere. She could still feel him around, but his body was gone.
Which meant he had to be invisible.
Walking towards the insubstantial sense Srey emitted, Eva reached out with a single finger. "Poke."
She had been anticipating her finger touching something invisible, but it passed freely through the air. As her lips curled into a frown, the air drew together, solidifying into the shape of Srey.
Not invisibility then. Or not solely invisibility. Either intangibility or some gaseous form.
It didn't really matter right now. Maybe not ever, even. It was still nice to know.
And it gave just a little more reason for the insubstantial feeling she got from him.
"Sorry to disturb you," he said, averting his eyes to one side while giving a slight bow.
Eva waited for him to explain what he was sorry about or what he was disturbing her for, whichever one he thought to call her out for. But Srey stayed frozen in his half-bow, head angled towards the ground.
Glancing towards Irene, Eva rolled her eyes. These demons were getting annoying. She was extraordinarily grateful that Arachne, Catherine, and Ylva hadn't changed their mannerisms around her. It would be absolutely miserable if she couldn't hold a conversation with any of them.
"Alright. What do you want?"
"I thought you might be interested to know that you are being watched."
"That doesn't sound particularly new."
"They hate you. A lot. And me as well."
Eva shook her head. "Nope. Still doesn't sound too new."
Though if Des was the one watching her, things could get troublesome. She was already known to not be too careful in involving innocents in her plots. Unless Eva was grossly underestimating her, she shouldn't be that difficult of an opponent unless she had brought the haugbui with her.
Which she probably had, if it was her. However, Nel had been keeping track of the dark spot in her vision that followed Des around. Last Eva checked in, she hadn't been moving anywhere close to Brakket. If she had been, Eva imagined that Nel would be running straight to Eva to let her know. Or borrow Zoe's cellphone and just send off a simple text. Either would work.
The only other people who might hate Eva—at least the only others she could think of off the top of her head—would be demon hunters. They were a far more likely choice given the amount of demons openly walking around. If it was the hunters that had attacked Martina Turner, all the better. Eva hadn't pretended to like the woman, but getting a little revenge on her and Lucy's behalf might be fun.
"I don't suppose you know who or where these people are?"
"They were watching us long enough that I just might. A vague direction to check out, at the very least."
Eva took a deep breath. "Let me contact Arachne and perhaps Vektul. Irene–"
"I'm not going."
"Wasn't going to ask you to," Eva said with a smile. "Just let Zoe know when you see her in class. We're on a pure reconnaissance mission. The first sight of anything amiss, we'll retreat. So tell her not to worry."
"She's going to cancel class to come and find you."
"Maybe." Eva paused, considering a thought. "Maybe I'll go find Juliana. If she's sneaking around meeting with demons, maybe she's bored enough to go searching for demon hunters."
This entry was posted on Monday, February 27th, 2017 at 12:05 am	and tagged with Clement, Eva, Gertrude, Irene, Lepus, Srey and posted in Book 008.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed.
5 responses to "008.011"
I wish something happen:) all the talk chapter after her last ritual were interesting but i'm really curious about her abilities;)
Unfortunately, that lack of excitement just revealed the true monotony of Brakket Academy; the dull feeling that most normal students experienced over the course of their school years.
I think the punctuation should be something other than a semicolon here if the words stay the same – with a semicolon I think the other side should also be a grammatically complete sentence. Possibly a dash?
Even with a dozen demons running around the school and posing as students didn't create quite the drama
-with
They would badger the demons with questions and comments in a manner that Eva would have excessively discouraged in the diablery class.
"excessively" seems a bit odd choice of word, suggesting that she would have discouraged it TOO much in some sense?
Amusingly enough, though not much of a surprise, most of the demons seemed to prefer the company of the fearful group of students.
"not much of a surprise" doesn't quite fit – I think a sentence like "Not much of a surprise, he did it" is typically used to express that something said before is not surprising [i]because of[/i] "he did it". You'd use something like "Not too surprisingly, …" when saying the following thing is not a surprise. Doesn't flow too well here though.
an easily memorable spell
memorizable
what he disturbing her for
+was disturbing
LookingForKeys
What kind of aura does Eva project? Seems every other demon projects an aura with a feeling of their powers. Zagan – power, Ylva – cold/death, Catherine – sultry. How do you get an aura of blood, or maybe blood and fire? Heh, sounds closer to Dante's Hell than anything else described up till now.


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As I move into the second year of this blog, some things are going to recur. Some of them at the same time each year (tomorrow, for example, Clare is running Alice's Run again), others at different times, like this one. Here we are at Turf Moor, Burnley, for this season's match-up between Burnley FC and my beloved Brighton & Hove Albion. Last season it took place in April, on a cold, grey day – and the match (and result) lived up to those conditions. Today, earlier in the season, much sunnier and warmer, and a happier trip for the travelling Seagulls. Burnley 1, Brighton 3.


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How to read the map: Cool nights are defined as being below the 10th percentile of the daily minimum temperature. Grid boxes outlined in solid black contain at least 3 stations and so are likely to be more representative of the grid-box. Higher confidence in the long-term trend is shown by a black dot.
For references, please go to https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/change-in-frequency-of-frost-days-in-europe-in-the-period-1976-2006-in-days-per-decade-7 or scan the QR code.


I just had the pleasure of meeting Joey – an adorable three year old – and his parents. They were referred to my office by an acquaintance after an upsetting consultation with a local ophthalmologist. Around age two his mom noticed little Joey's eyes crossing improperly from time to time. After a while it seemed to be happening more frequently, but not all the time. Worried, as any first-time parents should be, they sought the advice of someone they thought was an expert.
The ophthalmologist they saw told them Joey needed eye muscle surgery immediately or he risked going blind in one eye. I'm not sure which eye he meant since both eyes had equal clarity of sight and the intermittent eye turn alternated from one eye to the other. When Joey's dad asked the doctor which muscle or muscles were at fault. The surgeon replied that there was nothing wrong with Joey's eye muscles but surgery was the way to fix it. I have heard this exact line from almost a dozen parents at this point. He also made it clear that time was of the essence.
Joey's parents were convinced - before even meeting me - that they would rather try vision therapy if there was any way to avoid surgery. We all decided (well, maybe not Joey) that vision therapy and therapeutic lenses would be the best way to go at this time. Vision therapy is non-invasive and cannot cause permanent damage to the eye muscles and vision therapy has a greater probability of long-term success because it improves eye teaming. Surgery, almost by definition damages the muscles that are operated on and surgery does not necessarily improve eye teaming.
The latest research leaves no doubt that eye muscle surgery should only be used as a last resort, not as a primary approach, in most cases. It is now abundantly clear that eye muscle surgery has some serious drawbacks, thanks to a better understanding of the structure of our eye muscles on the microscopic level. Research also shows that vision therapy typically provides a deeper level of improvement and because of this has a greater likelihood of keeping the eyes straighter longer. Here is why: Eye muscle surgery is a mechanical fix (one which I have just pointed out has very serious flaws). The brain does not always manage to use the modified muscles in a way that provides good eye teaming, which should be the primary goal of any intervention for strabismus. Eye muscle surgery does not typically take function and development into account, only cosmetic appearance.
The primary purpose of vision therapy in cases of strabismus is to help the brain figure out how to get the eyes to work as a coordinated team. The best way to keep the eyes straight is to keep them working together. This is a brain thing, not an eye muscle thing in the vast majority of strabismus cases. Even when eye muscle surgery is needed, and it sometimes is, vision therapy should be an essential part of the treatment to ensure that the brain makes the best use of the two eyes after surgery. Many eye muscle surgeries only keep the eyes looking straight (not necessarily working together) for a few years at best. Vision therapy is likely to last a lifetime in most cases, especially when surgery can be avoided. Eye muscle surgery usually complicates the vision therapy process since the eye muscles are inevitably damaged by the surgery.
Two days prior to meeting Joey I had my monthly two-person study group (better known as breakfast at a local diner) with one of my mentors who happens to be one of the most accomplished behavioral optometrists I know. He told me a story of a 2½ year old little girl whose mother noticed that on very rare occasions her daughter's left eye would drift outward.
The ophthalmologist recommended immediate surgery. He warned the parents that if the surgery didn't take place very soon the child would lose vision in the left eye. His plan was to operate on the left eye to get the eye to stop turning out, but it would probably end up turning in a little he warned. Then he planned to operate on the right eye to line it up with the left. This new arrangement would then give him the important information he would need to operate on both in order to get them into final, optimal alignment. This is exactly how the child's mother described her consultation to my colleague.
My colleague told me that this surgeon was someone he has referred patients to and that he has done good work. Unfortunately the mindset behind eye muscle surgery is over 100 years old and is desperately outdated, especially now that important new research has come to light. Vision therapy is in most cases a much safer alternative, with greater likelihood of optimal outcome for not just improved appearance, but improved quality of life.
You can read much more on this topic in A Parent Guide to Strabismus, Eye Muscle Surgery and Vision Therapy.


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Pharmaceuticals are again making the news. Martin Shkreli, CEO of Turing Pharmaceuticals is once more in the news. That is the gentleman who increased the price of the lifesaving drug Daraprim by 5000% or from $13.50 per pill to $750.00 per pill. To improve his image he has cut the price by 50% to hospitals. Following his appearance in front of the House Oversight and Government Reform Hearing he allegedly tweeted it was hard to accept that these imbeciles represent the people of our government.
I think when you look at something like this more closely after you are past the disdain and hatred most people using Daraprim have for this man, you can see how this can happen.
After all he is not doing anything outside the law. He is trying his best to make a living. Making hundreds of millions of dollars off some of our most vulnerable citizens must be OK with Congress being they are ultimately the ones who allow this to happen.
Perhaps our government leaders feel if they throw enough heat at Mr. Shkreli we will all forget they are the ones responsible for the laws that allow Mr. Shkreli to do this. In 2003, Congress and President Bush enacted the "Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act," which established a prescription drug program for Medicare. That legislation expressly prohibited Medicare from negotiating drug prices with pharmaceutical companies. Wouldn't you love to have something everybody needs and you can charge whatever you want? Why don't they just charge us what they will sell their compassion and morality for?
According to a report by House Democrats the United States is exclusive among industrialized countries because it is the only country that fails to protect its citizens from discriminatory drug pricing. Canada, France, Italy, Germany, Japan and the United Kingdom all negotiate on behalf of their citizens to obtain lower prices for brand name drugs. As a result, purchasers in these countries pay significantly less for prescription drugs than uninsured senior citizens in the United States.
Drug companies counter this by saying they need the additional money to pay for R & D or research and development. However the American National Institutes of Health (NIH) pays hundreds of millions for drug companies to do research and development. Our big Pharma companies never tell us this do they? You draw your own conclusions. There will be more to follow.
I first started practicing medicine in 1969 as a family practitioner. I by chance became one of those rare people whose mentor was the chief of pathology, urology and general surgery for most of his life in Bethesda Hospital in St. Paul, Minnesota. Dr. Arthur Lundholm was at my side and taught me tirelessly in all of those specialties for five years. I guess you could call it the greatest multispecialty residency available. He also taught me how important it was to know your patient.
In the early years of my practice it would be a rare time when most of my partners could not say "Hi" to a person in the waiting room, call them by their first name and ask about other members in the family. This was also true of most other family practitioners I knew. This is immensely helpful in caring for patients. You know their history and what medications they are on. It is much harder to care for a stranger.
Have you ever wondered when you go to a clinic why you may end up with a different physician each time you go? Often the large multispecialty clinic does not really care who you see. One reason for this is that a physician who sees his same patient population all the time and befriends them, is also more likely to take that group of patients with him if he leaves practice in that clinic.
When HMO's, PPO's and large corporations inched their way into the practice of medicine seeing patients became a numbers game for them. The more patients a physician working for them sees, the more money they will make. Suddenly doctors had quotas. This means a family coming in to see you who lost their child yesterday is given about the same amount of time as someone who has poison ivy.
I think all of you realize this manner of rules and regulations by corporate America does not fit the picture of the kindly old family practitioner. Can this be changed? Maybe with time, but I doubt it. There is simply too much money to be made in medicine. The United States spends more on health care per capita than any other industrialized country in the world. We also are also one of the highest in the world on what percentage of our GDP goes to healthcare.


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Is Jury Nullification Libertarian?
A while back, at our local libertarian discussion group, we spent an evening discussing centralization vs. decentralization of government, and whether one or the other better protects individual liberties.
Many libertarians argue for decentralization. The anarchists in the room will argue for the ultimate decentralization, all the way to the individual level, essentially voiding the concept of government altogether. Others who are more amenable to some government argue for decentralization because it tends to allow for competition, with citizens voting with their feet and wallets for more favorable tax and regulatory regimes.
On the other hand, the US provides historical examples of the benefits of federalism in protecting individual rights. Certainly the abolition of slavery and later of Jim Crow laws were a positive outcome from the feds, as are the enforcement of Bill of Rights protections on the states. I would personally love to see a federal system like our own with all legislative power held as locally as possible, but with a federal government whose main purpose domestically was not taxation/regulation/legislation but instead enforcement of a more robust Bill of Rights and nullification of state and local law that violated protected individual freedoms.
Anyway, one topic related to decentralized authority was jury nullification. Jury nullification is the ability for juries to rule on the law, rather than guilt or innocence. An example might be "the jury thinks Joe is guilty of smoking pot, but we don't think smoking pot should be illegal, so we are going to let Joe go." Most state law technically does not allow juries to rule on the law itself, but as a practical matter there is no way juries can be prevented from doing so (Prosecutors really go non-linear over jury nullification -- I remember Patterico had a long series inveighing against it.)
Anyway, as you might imagine, the libertarians in the room mostly love jury nullification. Despite being a good anarcho-capitalist, I disagreed. I understood that most of the examples people brought up did indeed demonstrate that jury nullification could be a tool for protecting individual rights. However, I believe that nullification could equally be a tool of oppression. For example, in criminal law, take the Enron-Skilling trial. I am not saying this happened, but one could certainly imagine a properly inflamed jury saying "well, we don't think he is technically guilty beyond a reasonable doubt on the charges based on the evidence here in court, but he's rich and Enron failed and people lost money and we're pissed off, so we will find him guilty. They would be saying "what he did was not a violation of the law, but it should be, so we are sending him to jail." This is just as much jury nullification as my previous example.
I don't think this kind of anti-individual-rights jury nullificatin happens often in criminal court, but I do think it is happening a lot in civil court. In fact, I think one way you could summarize what is wrong with torts and litigation in this country is that we are seeing rampant jury nullification in favor of wealth redistribution. Juries are ignoring the law, the facts of the case, and all reason for one and only one consideration: "One guy in the room is rich, one guy is not, and I have a chance to take money from the rich guy and give it to the poor guy." For while it may be hard in America to get 51% of the voters to support substantial increases in wealth distribution, smart lawyers like Peter Angelos and Jon Edwards have figured out that it is not that hard through voi dire to get at least seven or eight such votes in a room of twelve people.
Particularly if you are good at venue-shopping:
In Race, Poverty and American Tort Awards (and here),
Eric Helland and I show that tort awards increase strongly with county
poverty rates especially with minority poverty. A 1% increase in black
poverty rates, for example, can increase tort awards by 3-10 percent
with a similar increase in Hispanic poverty rates. Careful forum
shopping can easily raise awards by 50-100%.
Anthony Buzbee, a famed plaintiff's attorney, inadvertently let the
cat out of the bag recently when talking about Starr county in Texas.
"That venue probably adds about seventy-five percent to the value of
the case," he said. "You've got an injured Hispanic client, you've got
a completely Hispanic jury, and you've got an Hispanic judge. All
right. That's how it is."
In other parts of Texas, Buzbee went on, a plaintiff may have the
burden of showing "here's what the company did wrong, all right? But
when you're in Starr County, traditionally, you need to just show that
the guy was working, and he was hurt. And that's the hurdle: Just prove
that he wasn't hurt at Wal-Mart, buying something on his off time, and
traditionally, you win those cases."
The problem with letting juries write law in the jury room is that there are no Constitutional protections at all. If they want to make the law, at least for that day, read that homeowners are liable for injuries suffered by burglars trying to break into their house, then that is what the law becomes, fair or not. If they want to make the law read that drug companies shouldn't sell painkillers that have any risk at all, then that is what the law is, and the rest of us 300 million minus twelve people have to live with fewer choices for managing our migraines.
Tags: Anthony Buzbee, Enron Skilling, Eric Helland, nullification, rich, risk, Starr County, torts, US, wal-mart
Category: Capitalism & Libertarian Philospohy
Skip Oliva:
The phrase "jury nullification" tends to distort the issue. In criminal cases, juries are expected to serve as a check on the authority of the prosecutor and the judge. Nullification is a part (and necessary risk) of the system. In civil cases, juries are, as you explain, the law without any checks. The real question is whether it's time to abolish civil juries or at least limit their jurisdiction. Much of the "civil justice" system can be effectively privatized with arbitrators and private judges.
Trent McBride:
Is there any way to separate this question and answer it with reagrd to criminal law and civil law differently?
Good point Trent.
I tend to see the jury as a check on the legislative and judicial process espcially in criminal cases, but in civil there should be a different standard.
Jim Collins:
"I don't think this kind of anti-individual-rights jury nullificatin happens often in criminal court, but I do think it is happening a lot in civil court."
I think that OJ Simpson and Robert Blake would have to agree with you.
Allan Ames:
The Founding Fathers recognized that all institutions can wander off
the straight and narrow and gave us jury trials as a way to keep all
the rest of the "justice" system on a track of relevance. When the
system goes too far out of alignment with the common man's notion of
justice it the obligation of the jury to nullify.
BTW, thanks for CoyoteBlog.
Brandon Berg:
This is another illustration of the policy/procedure distinction. Jury nullification isn't inherently liberal or illiberal, because it's a procedural issue, not a policy issue. Whether or not it results in more liberal policy outcomes is an empirical question. And I have no idea what the answer is.
One factor that mitigates the abuse of jury nullification is appeal. Don't these absurd awards that we hear about usually come way down on appeal? And in criminal trials, I suspect that if someone were convicted with blatant disgregard for the law, the conviction would probably be overturned on appeal. On the other hand, the proscription against double jeopardy means that an acquittal can never be overturned.
There is one way in which jury nullification can cause an irrevocable miscarriage of justice. In a criminal trial, a jury can refuse to convict the perpetrator of a crime against an unpopular target. I'd expect this to happen in union violence cases, for example.
markm:
The worst of jury nullification: "the jury thinks Joe is guilty of lynching blacks, but we don't think lynching blacks should be illegal, so we are going to let Joe go."
It's happened many times, although thankfully a long time in the past. However, I don't see any way that it could have been prevented at that time and place. It's like gun control: if the jury is willing to ignore the laws against murder, they're not going to obey a law against nullification...
The last few comments remind me to mention Clay Conrad's excellect "Jury Nullification". It was a good attempt to answer the empirical questions, and the answer was that, historically, jury nullification has served justice rather than inhibited it.


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The length of the paper should be 5000 – 7 000 words.
The Chicago Referencing Style must be used, that is, references are cited in the text by the author(s) name(s), the year of publication and the page number(s) in brackets, for example (Gumede, 2003: 370), as a key to the full list of references that appears at the end of the paper.
Endnotes should be kept to a minimum and should be signalled by superscript numbers in the main text and listed at the end of the text before the references.
Tables, figures, and graphics should be imbedded within the text.
The full paper must be typed in Times New Roman 12-point font size, in 1,5 spacing.
The submission file must be in Microsoft Word, RTF, and WordPerfect format.


GLENDALE, Ariz. (AP) Training camp is a drag at this point in Larry Fitzgerald's long and accomplished NFL career. Of course, the quest for the ring is the main reason the 14-year veteran continues to play.
The longtime Arizona Cardinals wide receiver isn't sure what his future holds as far as retirement.
Yet it is important to him to still be productive as a player when he decides to step away. Fitzgerald admitted it would be a struggle to accept a diminished role due to not being able to give 100 percent.
Fitzgerald has asked others who are closer to retirement or have retired about their thought process going into it. He's been doing that for the last few years, checking in with the likes of Tom Brady, Peyton Manning and Tony Gonzalez.
For now he still enjoys being around teammates and staff, asking questions in an effort to improve as a player and setting an example and providing leadership for young players.
Arians has said Fitzgerald won't play in the Cardinals' exhibition opener, the annual Hall of Fame Game on Aug. 3 against Dallas. Palmer, who was given Sunday off from practice as the team looks to manage his snaps over an extended training camp, will also not play in that game.
''As a player, you play when you're told to play, you play as long as you have to play. Once you get out there on the field it's the same game I've been playing since I was 6 years old,'' Fitzgerald said.
The extra rest might do him some good at age 33, but Fitzgerald feels confident he can still play well. There isn't much to suggest otherwise: Fitzgerald is coming off back-to-back seasons of 100-plus catches and 1,000-plus yards.
He posted those numbers despite moving inside to slot receiver, where he's flourished.
''I knew if my number was called, I could still make the play. I've proven that over the last few years again, and that's the way I still feel,'' Fitzgerald said.