text:
Q: Hide a Div class with jquery I am trying to hide a div class with jQuery but the code below it doesn't work
$("div[class*='test1'] input").hide();

A: Try this:
$('.test1').hide();

or if you want to "wildmask" clases that start with test1
$("[class^=test1]").hide();

Examples how jQuery selectors work:
$("#lastname")  The element with id="lastname"
$(".intro") All elements with class="intro"
$("h1,div,p")   All <h1>, <div> and <p> elements
$("p:first")    The first <p> element
Etc.

A: Your script will hide input element inside div.
To hide div, remove input from selector
$("div[class*='test1']").hide()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Blues' belief in Teague
Carlton's belief in David Teague flowed through Ikon Park on Thursday morning.
By Riley Beveridge on
It was the overwhelming feeling as the Blues unveiled the 38-year-old as their new senior coach, with most of it reverberating from his reenergised and reinvigorated players.
In the lead-up to Carlton officially announcing Teague as its new coach, his playing group – many of whom had advocated publicly for him to win the job on a full-time basis – eagerly awaited his entrance. They clapped every late arrival, thinking it was their new boss.
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Eventually, Teague received his warm welcome – met with rapturous cheers as Carlton's president Mark LoGuidice and CEO Cain Liddle led him into the media room at Ikon Park.
Signed to a three-year deal, ensuring he will remain senior coach until at least the end of the 2022 season, Teague has been entrusted to bring the glory days back to Carlton.
The Blues believe in him. And he believes in his players.
"Over the next few years, we're really going to improve," Teague said.
"That's my job now, I've got to help them do that. But I think we're going to be a very competitive football club from this Saturday onwards.
"I think there's going to be improvement. How quick and how that happens, we'll find out over time. But I believe in this playing group and I believe in the direction of the club."
As for whether finals are on the cards next year, Teague smiled and said: "We'll see."
All aboard.
Introducing the i̶n̶t̶e̶r̶i̶m̶ Senior Coach of the Carlton Football Club, David Teague.#BoundByBlue
— Carlton FC (@CarltonFC) August 14, 2019
Carlton raised eyebrows over its decision to confirm Teague's appointment with two games remaining in the season, rather than wait until after its campaign ends in a fortnight's time.
But for the Blues, it made sense for a number of reasons.
Firstly, the club knew Teague was the man for them. Secondly, it now enables the Blues to be in a stronger position as it begins a high-profile recruiting raid on star free agents.
"Once we came to the decision … we didn't see any need to wait," Liddle said.
"There's no hiding from the fact that having a coach in place when you're making important list management decisions moving forward – both with your existing list and with potential new players – there's certainly an advantage.
"Where we may have been canvassing David's opinion, he'll now be front and centre in those discussions along with Brad and other people in the football department."
The stars are now starting to align for the Blues. According to Liddle, the appointment of Teague will only help boost the club's chances in when it comes to the NAB AFL Trade Period.
"I look at this club right now, I look at the talented playing list, I look at the off-field stuff, the membership growth, the crowds, the commercial growth and the little things like the close proximity to the CBD in Melbourne," Liddle said.
"I just look at it and think, 'gee if I was a player or an administrator at another club' … why wouldn't you want to come to Carlton?
"A lot of our heavy lifting has been done now. I feel that people coming in the near future will get to take advantage and capitalise on all of that heavy lifting."
TEAGUE ON HIS TIME AS AN INTERIM COACH…
"It was a great opportunity to learn how to go about it, how I would handle it and my ability to impact and influence others. Nine weeks ago, I could see this playing group and I just knew there was more in them. To feel like I've had a part of that to get the best out of them lately, it's been something that I've really enjoyed. To be honest, if I didn't get it, I was probably going to find it hard to go back to being an assistant. I've loved it. The last nine weeks have been right up there with the best nine weeks in terms of my enjoyment."
TEAGUE ON COACHING WHERE HE PLAYED…
"I feel honoured. Getting to play here, my heart was still tied to this football club from my playing days. I understand there's a responsibility that comes along with it, but I'm looking forward to it. But I've always wanted to be a senior coach – and if you gave me the 18 teams and asked which one I would pick, it would be this one."
A post shared by Zac Fisher (@zacfisher25) on Aug 14, 2019 at 7:42pm PDT
TEAGUE ON HIS UNIQUE RELATIONSHIP WITH THE PLAYERS…
"I knew I had relationships with the players. One of my fears when I went from a line coach to the interim coach was that I'd lose those relationships with the forwards, because you get spread. But what I've learnt is that I've created a lot more relationships with a lot more guys, which I've really enjoyed. Not only from a playing point of view, but from a club point of view. One of the moments I love most is watching the players' faces after a game. They sing the song and they get excited, but the little bit after the game where they're sitting and talking with each other … seeing them smile in that moment is something I enjoy."
TEAGUE ON HOW THE GAME PLAN WILL IMPROVE…
"We've kept our focus pretty minimal. We want to add layers to it, but we don't want to overcomplicate either. We've seen that with this playing group, if we keep it pretty clear with the messaging then they respond well. But we've definitely got growth areas over pre-season. We're only going to get better."
TEAGUE ON STARTING HIS COACHING CAREER WITH THE BULLANTS…
"I still remember the drills that I did when I started coaching. If I did those drills now, the boys would walk off the track. They would be bored. But you grow. I was very lucky. Those three years where I got to coach the Bullants, I learnt more in that three years than any other period. I got to make so many mistakes and I got to learn from them. I tried things, I saw what works and what didn't work. It's not under the microscope of the AFL intensity. I was very lucky for Carlton to give me that opportunity, I loved it."
Up Next Blues sign Teague as Senior Coach
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1 day AFL news
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Carlton AFLW Round 3 Update
Carlton's clash with the Bulldogs will not be going ahead.
2 days AFLW news
Blues sign Teague as Senior Coach
The Carlton Football Club is today delighted to announce the appointment of David Teague as Senior Coach.
Gee: What Pride means to me
Approaching the fifth annual Pride Game, Georgia Gee is ready to make her voice…

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
module RTFM
  class SeeAlsoSection < Section
    def initialize
      super
      @references = {}
      yield self if block_given?
    end
    def reference(title, section = 0)
      (@references[section] ||= []) << title
    end
    def to_groff
      GroffString.groffify do |out|
        out.section "SEE ALSO"
        @references.keys.sort.each do |section|
          @references[section].sort.each do |title|
            if section == 0
            then out.reference title
            else out.reference title, section
            end
          end
        end
      end
    end
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Cracking the Enigma: How cryptography and social engineering helped win WWII
Wars, though terrible, can also catalyze new technologies. In fact, the ancestor of the computer you're reading these words on right now was born in the crucible of World War II. That was when the Germans created a powerful machine to protect their secrets, forcing the Allies to create an even greater machine to unlock them.
Daniel Markuson
In doing so, they helped to defeat one of the greatest evils the world has ever seen and created the precursor to the modern computer. But it's not just history we're after. Even almost a century later, there are lessons we can learn here about modern cybersecurity.
What follows is the fascinating story of how clever spies, daring commandos, brilliant mathematicians, and industrious engineers came together to crack Germany's Enigma code machine…
Codes, codebreaking, and war
The element of surprise is crucial in war. Intercept an enemy's message and you'll know their moves before they do. World War II was no exception.
Radio waves enabled the nations of WWII to communicate with their troops over vast distances. However, it was easy for enemies to hear those messages as well. In a war where everyone can hear what you're saying, you need to speak in codes to transmit secret information. This was why the German government developed the Enigma machine.
What is the Enigma machine?
The Enigma machine was a keyboard that scrambled messages in a way that could only be unscrambled by someone using an identical machine with identical settings somewhere else. It was initially created for commercial and diplomatic use before the war, but the government later began developing versions with more powerful encryption exclusively for the military.
The machine looked like a typewriter, but instead of typing out letters on a sheet of paper, it had a board of lights with one light for each letter of the alphabet. As the operator typed each letter of their message into the machine, a letter on the board would light up to produce, letter by letter, a scrambled message.
The German military used the Enigma to great effect during WWII. Their seemingly unbreakable encrypted messages would direct army movements, aircraft raids, and the deadly U-boat submarines that terrorized Allied military and civilian ships on both sides of the Atlantic.
Cracking the Enigma machine was key to gaining an advantage in WWII. But first, they had to figure out how it worked.
How did the Enigma machine work?
The key to its power lay in the clever way that the inside was wired. The wartime Enigma could create trillions and trillions of potential combinations – too many for any contemporary methods to crack. But we'll get to that later. First, let's see what you'd have to do to create and send an Enigma-encrypted message:
Steps you should take to create and send an Enigma-encrypted message
Check your settings
The Enigma only worked if both ends of the conversation were using the same settings. To this end, the German military would issue sheets of daily Enigma settings that would be replaced at various frequencies – usually once a month.
The Enigma was constantly updated throughout the war, so the exact types of settings varied. However, they usually included:
The rotors: The Enigma M1 had three rotors that the operator could choose from from a pool of 5, though this number was later increased to 8 (and a machine with 4 rotor slots was released toward the end of the war). You'd insert the correct rotors and then…
The rotor positions: Each rotor was a gear with 26 positions – one for each letter of the alphabet. The starting position for each rotor would change every day.
The "Stecker" pairs: At its strongest, the military Enigma machine had a switchboard that would allow the operator to create letter pairings. They were instructed to select 10 pairs each day, and when they did, those letters would be switched, further scrambling the message.
Every Enigma also had a reflector, but only a few of the versions could adjust their reflectors. We'll get to the reflector later, as it introduced a flaw that was crucial to the Allies' efforts to crack the Enigma.
In any case, once the Enigma machine was correctly configured, it was time to send your message.
Type and record your message
The Enigma was not a transmission device, it was an encryption device. As you typed in a message, it would light up the letter that each of the letters had been scrambled to. It was the operator's job to write down the message and transmit it. With each key click, the rotors would advance, changing the settings.
Unscramble the message
At the other end, the operator would type in the scrambled message and record the letters that lit up on their keyboard. When they were finished writing down those letters, they'd spell out the message that you sent. Anyone intercepting it would be left with gibberish.
Now that we know how it was used, what made it so powerful? Why was it such a phenomenal challenge for the Allies to crack the Enigma's code?
The thing that made Enigma so hard to crack with contemporary means was that the settings changed with each keystroke. If you were to sit down at an Enigma machine right now and press the "A" key three times, you would get a different scrambled letter every time. As an example, the word "AARDVARK" could very well be scrambled into "GFKLRLWC" – and if I were to type it again later in my message, it could look completely different!
It's hard to convey just how deeply scrambled any given code could be because the numbers are truly astronomical. Hopefully, the math here will help:
Brute-forcing the Enigma was effectively impossible. So how could the Allies possibly hope to break it?
Well, the Enigma itself had one fatal flaw – the reflector component made it so a letter could never be encoded to itself in the scrambled message. In other words, if the scrambled text is "HWLER", you can immediately rule out the word "HELLO" in that spot because the "H" and the first "L" would match. But to really understand why this was such a key flaw, we need to understand how the Allies worked to break the Enigma.
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How the Allies cracked the Enigma
Hollywood has shown us how the British military eventually took the initiative in cracking the Enigma code, but every Allied country pitched in to help. The Enigma codebreaking process began long before the war did.
Poland begins the task
As Germany's neighbor, Poland understood the threat Germany presented and began attempting to crack the Enigma's earlier and simpler versions.
Before the war, Poland faced weaker Enigma encryption and shoddier German security practices. However, the dire international need to decrypt it was not yet present and Poland did not have the resources or information available to make the breakthroughs that their allies did later.
Impressively, some of Poland's greatest breakthroughs came through the power of math and deduction.
Polish mathematician Marian Rejewski made accurate deductions about the inner workings of the Enigma based entirely on mathematical analysis. He helped invent the first cryptographic machines designed to crack Enigma messages, and these machines later inspired the British to adopt a similar approach;
Polish mathematician Henryk Zygalski invented meticulously perforated paper sheets called Zygalski sheets that were used to determine rotor settings. His insights also helped kickstart British cryptography efforts.
The Polish mathematicians achieved remarkable results. They proved that the earlier versions of Enigma could be broken and provided the theoretical foundations upon which many of the Brits' later breakthroughs were built.
As the war approached, the Allies began sharing intelligence to accelerate the breaking of the Enigma. Brief secretive meetings were arranged at hotels and train stations across Europe to exchange information. A French spy named Hans Tilo-Schmidt who was embedded in the German Armed Forces' Cipher Office produced many useful clues. For years, he sold Enigma manuals and other info to French intelligence that made its way to the rest of their allies.
The British take the lead as the war begins
In 1939, Germany invaded Poland, beginning World War II. The Polish mathematicians fled through several countries to the UK, where they shared everything they knew with British intelligence. However, they were tasked with solving other cryptographic puzzles – Britain and the US took over Enigma decryption and shrouded it in the highest levels of secrecy.
As the war approached and got underway, a few significant changes occurred:
The Enigma became stronger: Germany was quite confident in the Enigma machine, but they also knew that they had entered a cryptographic arms race. Over the course of the war, the German army improved its communication procedures and made the machines themselves more secure. They increased the number of rotors and the number of letters that could be paired on the plugboards.
The Allies had more to work with: Messages were being sent every day to active military units around the world. With the greater resources at the British government's disposal, they could analyze vast quantities of encrypted messages to search for patterns, weaknesses, and mistakes.
Scores of brilliant mathematicians, analysts, and engineers worked at the top-secret facility at Bletchley Park, but Alan Turing (played by Benedict Cumberbatch in the film The Imitation Game) and Gordon Welchman are considered the stars of the Enigma effort. They are credited with developing the bombe – the electro-mechanical calculator that helped crack the Enigma and that many call the precursor of the modern computer. With that being said, their contemporaries have said that the contributions of the Polish mathematicians saved Turing and Welchman a year of work.
Let's break down the steps in the British Enigma codebreaking process so we understand how it works.
1. Hunting for clues: Soldiers would search enemy command posts for code books. Radio operators would record scrambled messages and analyze their patterns.Sailors would scramble to search captured or wrecked ships for surviving code sheets. Spies sought out technical information or other ways to undermine the Enigma project. The information they gleaned from different sources helped the Brits understand the Enigma and how it was used.
2. Cryptanalysis: Teams of British mathematicians analyzed the messages to find patterns and clues that would help, but their most useful tools were cribs – plaintext words they hypothesized might exist in a given scrambled message. To produce useful cribs based on solid hypotheses, clever cryptanalysts had to pore over mountains of data gathered from across Europe by the Brits and their allies.
The reflector flaw mentioned earlier made these cribs much easier to use. The location of a crib in the text could be ruled out if even one of the letters matched the scrambled text.
3. Computation: Once they had good cribs and intercepted encrypted messages, the analysts at Bletchley Park could use their bombes to test the cribs and discover the Enigma settings being used by the Germans for that day. If they could do so fast enough, they would have the power to unlock Enigma messages for the rest of that day. Each day they had to start all over again.
Each bombe machine was essentially composed of a large array of simulated Enigma rotors. They worked by testing thousands of Enigma settings to discover settings that could have produced the cribs that the analysts fed into them. With clever insights, the analysts were able to rule out certain settings to make the machines' work more efficient.
Eventually, the Brits were able to manufacture vast facilities full of bombe machines and set them to work to crack the Enigma codes. Towards the end of the war, the British had 155 3-rotor bombes operating across multiple sites(to protect them from air strikes).
Let's go over the clues and the human mistakes that enabled the British mathematicians to form useful cribs to feed to their bombe machines.
The human weak point
Many modern historians, mathematicians and cryptanalysts agree – if the Enigma had been operated perfectly, it may have remained impossible to crack. However, it wasn't. The British relied on the humans operating the Enigma to make mistakes that could give them clues. Here are just some of the ways that the people using the system actually undermined it:
Repetition: Some of the most easily exploitable cribs came from daily reports whose formats rarely changed. Most U-boats, for example, would send daily weather reports. Analysts could make educated guesses at the location of the plaintext word "weather report" in the scrambled message.
In less-active regions, military units might often send messages that contained the words "nothing unusual" or "nothing to report" – another frequent repetition that the British used to great advantage.
Unsecure duplication: In some cases, a message would travel one leg of its journey encrypted via Enigma, get decrypted, and continue its journey with a weaker cipher or no encryption at all. These weaker messages were a valuable source of cribs for solving that day's Enigma settings.
Poor setting sheets: By poring through their data, analysts made discoveries about how the Enigma setting sheets were made. In some areas, for example, no rotor settings could ever be repeated in a month, so once they had been used, they could be ruled out for upcoming days. In others, no rotor could occupy the same slot in the Enigma as it had the previous day, also reducing the number of options analysts needed to check.
In other cases, some commands would recycle entire rows or columns of the previous month's sheets, handing the British small victories when these flaws were detected.
Short messages: The longer an Enigma message was, the more resistant it would be to analysis. The use of short messages gave analysts clues as to what might be in them.
Overconfidence: There were periods during the war when the British managed to break Enigma codes for weeks on end, safely directing their ships around German U-boat patrols. Still, up until after the end of the war, German commanders still believed that the Enigma was only breakable in theory, but not in practice.
Sometimes, the British took measures to perpetuate this misconception. In one case, when the location of a U-boat in the Mediterranean was discovered by cracking an Enigma message, the British air force first sent a scout plane to the location to "spot" the submarine and provide a plausible pretext for attacking it.
There were also some interesting specific scenarios or events that gave the Allies plenty of clues to work with.
The "LLLL" message: German operators sometimes sent decoy messages to delay British efforts to crack their encryption. On one occasion, however, a British analyst noticed something strange – the scrambled message he was inspecting contained absolutely no "L" anywhere in the text. Because of the reflector flaw, this meant that any or all of the letters could be "L". It turned out that it was all of them – the lazy German operator had simply mashed the "L" button on his Enigma to write his decoy message, practically gifting the British the settings for that day.
Double agent Nathalie Sergueiew: Nathalie was a German spy who had made herself available to British intelligence as a double agent. Her primary contribution to the Enigma effort was to send verbose reports back to her German commanders that were later re-encrypted using the Enigma. This provided British analysts with excellent cribs for discovering machine settings when her messages were relayed.
The sinking of the U-559: The German Navy distributed setting sheets written in ink that would dissolve when wet, making them highly resistant to capture. At one point in the war, they also upgraded their Enigmas to use 4 rotors, making them much more difficult to break.
The first great breakthrough in breaking the upgraded Enigma was achieved in a daring hunt by the destroyer HMS Petard. An engagement with German submarine U-559 ended with the submarine's surrender after dark had fallen. Nonetheless, the captain immediately ordered three soldiers to dive into the water. Illuminated by spotlights, they swam to the U-boat as its crew surrendered to retrieve any books they could before it sank. Fortunately, the submarine sank slower than it should have due to mistakes made by the departing crew. This gave the soldiers the precious moments to retrieve their valuable prize – intact codebooks.
Operation Claymore: During a daring and explosive raid on German industrial facilities on the Lofoten islands, the commandos seized an unexpected prize – a set of Enigma rotors and a codebook from a docked ship.
These are just a few select colorful cases. This parallel cryptographic arms race was fought throughout the war right up until the end. There was no point during the war during which either side could be said to have fully won or lost the cryptographic battle, but there were some stretches of time during which the Allies enjoyed nearly unrestricted access to German radio communications.
The war was won by more than just the breaking of the Enigma, but uncovering the enemy's operational secrets no doubt played a pivotal role. Furthermore, this retelling has been simplified to touch on the key elements that can be useful for modern online security. For those interested in mathematics, cryptography, or the history of WWII, there is much more to this story available online!
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What we can learn from the story of the Enigma
For our purposes, there were two significant outcomes of the struggle over Enigma encryption in WWII:
Significant advances in cryptography: The development and subsequent breaking of the Enigma code advanced cryptographic understanding by leaps and bounds. The mathematicians and analysts worked with many of the principles that we use in cybersecurity today – and they encountered many of the initial bugs that our modern tools attempt to solve.
Significant advances in computing: The bombe machines inspired by the Polish and developed by the British were electromechanical computers. Many consider them to be precursors to the modern computer. They were capable of accepting user inputs, performing calculations that would have been unfeasible for humans, and computing solutions to a serious problem.
The Brits made even further advances in computing when they built the Colossus, a computer designed to break the German high command's Lorenz cipher. Though this encryption process was theoretically more powerful, it was also more vulnerable to analysis. The British codebreakers broke the Lorenz with math and analysis – without ever seeing the encryption machine itself.
While enormous, the advances in computing are beyond the scope of this article, so let's stick to what we can learn about cryptography and cybersecurity:
1. Laziness leads to lax security
The Germans weren't entirely wrong in their belief that Enigma was unbreakable by contemporary means – it may have remained unbroken if it was part of a perfect system, but it wasn't. When some German commanders recycled their Enigma settings, that sounds a whole lot like when people today reuse their passwords across multiple sites – a big mistake!
2. Key security is as important as encryption power
Even with its built-in flaws, the Enigma exhibited impressive encryption power. However, other parts of the process weren't nearly as secure. The setting sheets used by Enigma operators are an example of an unsecure shared key exchange that introduces vulnerabilities to the system. The keys(Enigma settings) changed daily, but the sheets could be captured or photographed, and they were created by people who sometimes took shortcuts.
Today, we have processes like the Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman key exchange, which allows parties to exchange secure keys over unsecured connections and to change those keys with every connection they make.
3. Secure systems require vigilant users
The technology behind Enigma was sound, but the system was only as secure as its users let it be. There are tons of tools out there to keep you safe, like VPNs, ad blockers, and spam filters.However, it's up to each and every one of us to stay vigilant and informed about cybersecurity threats so we don't undermine our security tools.
Encryption today is a whole lot more powerful.
Stay safe with the world's leading VPN
Daniel is a digital privacy enthusiast and an internet security expert. As the blog editor at NordVPN, Daniel is generous with spreading news, stories, and tips through the power of a well-written word.
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The Secret Tenure Tool - Jarema Credit.
When I speak to teachers who are this close  to getting tenure and suddenly are being discontinued, no one seems to know about this.
Why? Is the UFT not telling anyone?
When you get a discontinuance because you do not have tenure, use all the arrows in your quiver. You have more than you think, so do your research.
What is Jarema credit? How may I apply for it?
You may receive credit to reduce your probationary time if you worked as a regular substitute in the same license area and same division (i.e., elementary, junior high, high school) in which you are subsequently approved. You can receive up to two years of Jarema Credit. Per diem days do not count toward Jarema Credit. See the application on the DOE's website.
On February 26, 2005, the New York State Commissioner of Education decided that a teacher who had previously acquired tenure as a teaching assistant was entitled to a shortened two-year probationary period as a teacher. Matter of Alexander (Decision No. 15,172, February 16, 2005).
The Education Law generally provides for a three-year probationary period for teachers. That three-year period may be shortened as a result of service as a "regular substitute" immediately preceding the probationary appointment (so-called "Jarema Credit"). This credit may be applied to shorten the probationary period by up to two years. Also, Section 3012 of the Education Law provides for an automatic one-year reduction in the period if the teacher has acquired tenure in another district or another tenure area. This prior tenure exception of Section 3012 was at issue in Alexander.
In 1996, Lynda Alexander was tenured as a teaching assistant by the Ramapo Central School District. She continued to work in Ramapo until the spring of 2000, when she acquired a second teaching certificate in general special education. The following academic year, Ms. Alexander became a special education teacher for the South Orangetown Central School District. She was appointed to a three-year probationary period, effective September 1, 2001. At the time of her appointment, the South Orangetown board of education was aware of her previous tenure as a teaching assistant, but did not believe that it had any impact on her current appointment as a special education teacher.
Ms. Alexander did not oppose her three-year probationary term and continued to teach until February 2003, when she took a maternity leave. She returned to the District in September 2003, and continued as a special education teacher there until she was terminated on June 30, 2004. Ms. Alexander challenged her termination, arguing that she was entitled to a reduced probationary period as a result of her prior tenure as a teaching assistant, and that she had acquired tenure by estoppel as a result of the shortened probationary period.
The Commissioner held that Section 3012(1)(a) of the Education Law requires school districts to give teachers who had been appointed on tenure in another school district, either as a teacher or a teaching assistant, a reduced probationary period of two years.
The Commissioner first noted the absence of any precedent on this question. The Commissioner noted that he was sympathetic to the District's arguments in support of its position that acquiring prior tenure as a teaching assistant should not reduce the probationary term for a teacher. The District had argued that the statute should be construed as being strictly limited to prior tenure as a "teacher" because a person holding prior tenure as a teaching assistant had never been evaluated as a teacher and had not "endured the rigors of the teacher tenure process." The District had further argued that the duties and responsibilities of teaching assistants are different from those of teachers, and that the requirements to obtain a certificate as a teaching assistant are much lower than the requirements to be a teacher.
Nevertheless, relying on a Court of Appeals decision involving the shortening of a teacher's probationary period based on prior tenure in a different teacher tenure area, the Commissioner held that Ms. Alexander was entitled to a reduced two-year probationary period. The Commissioner noted that if the Legislature had intended Section 3012 to exclude prior tenure as a teaching assistant, it could have done so. In the absence of such an exclusion, the Commissioner found that the statute, read literally, was applicable to previously tenured teaching assistants and required an automatic one-year reduction in the probationary period for any subsequent teaching appointments. Consequently, Ms. Alexander was found to have acquired tenure by estoppel due to the continuation of her teaching services beyond the two-year probationary period.
What Should School Districts Do?
In light of this decision, school districts should review the personnel files of all teachers who received probationary appointments in the last three years, to see if any of them received tenure as a teaching assistant, either in the same district or elsewhere in New York. Probationary teachers who have teaching assistant tenure should receive a decision on tenure after their second year of probation, even if their original probationary appointment stated that it was for three years. School districts must also keep in mind that probationary teachers who have teaching assistant tenure and who are also entitled to Jarema Credit should receive a decision on tenure after their first year of probation, regardless of the stated duration of their original probationary appointment. Individuals with prior teaching assistant tenure who have already served the requisite number of years as probationary teachers may have already achieved tenure by estoppel, but if a district is dissatisfied with the performance of any individuals in this situation, it should consult with labor counsel concerning what strategies may be available to keep the district's options open in case Alexander is reversed by the courts.


Back in Summer Branding Camp we talked about how to choose the right fonts for your brand and if you were around back then, you may remember a Facebook Live I did in my Branding Facebook Group around this topic. So since we're rounding off font week in Winter Branding Camp, I wanted to start things off by doing a little Part 2 to the original post so that we could pick off where we left in terms of learning how to use fonts.
You have the font names, you have the color codes, but you still struggle because you don't know how to arrange the fonts and apply the colors so that your site & graphics look like a branded family.
I used to see a lot of my clients struggle with how to use their new fonts after I handed over their branding files because no matter how much they rearranged them or recolored them in their Pinterest graphics, they never could get them to look as professional & cohesive as the rest of their shiny new website design.
Take a look at the images below. Both use the EXACT same fonts, as well as the same exact color palette from a client's brand.
Which one looks more professional and eye-catching to you?
Did you say the one on the right?
If so, you just saw firsthand that by arranging the typography differently and following some basic design principles, one has more impact and looks more professional (while the other contains a few typography mistakes that I see a lot of on Pinterest).
Just like my clients, knowing how to properly arrange the fonts is just as important as having the font names and color codes.
So today we're going to run through 3 examples of typography mistakes I see most often on blogs and while I'm doing that, I'll be hitting on some basic font principles to keep in mind.
In this example, I'm going to be using past client, Sara's, branding as part of this demo. All these images are things I mocked up for the purpose of this tutorial, so when I refer to the "wrong" example, just know that it's not actually something Sara made. These are all graphics that I intentionally screwed up to show you the mistakes I see most often.
This first example is something I see a ton on Pinterest graphics that may be hurting the readability of your graphics.
The issue? Using script fonts in all caps, as well as using fonts that are too embellished for headings resulting in the post name getting lost in translation.
Solution: If you use a cleaner, more legible font it will jump out more when people are scrolling through. So if you are using a script font I suggest keeping it in normal case.
Tip: If your logo uses a script font, I recommend only using it for your logo or minimal accents on your blog graphics. You want your logo to stand out and if you have it alongside too much text of the same font, it can lose its uniqueness.
This graphic doesn't have any hierarchy. It doesn't tell the person scrolling by in .2 seconds what the most important word is. So by picking the most important words and making them bolder & bigger, I can clearly see that this is a Garden Summer Salad.
The other issue with the image on the left is that it uses too many variations of fonts. It not only uses the script in all caps, but I don't know whether "farm fresh" or "summer is the most important, because those are the two boldest and biggest words.
So by using the script font as more of an accent and giving the most important words hierarchy, you will help people know exactly what they're getting when they see your image. You want people to see the main selling points to the recipe first.
This last example I want to show you is one that breaks all the rules.
1. It uses all caps scripts (which we talked about in #1 above).
2. Instead of using the fonts in the branding, here I'm just using a random font for the word "Mint" because it feels rustic like the photo. I see this a lot with bloggers bringing in random fonts, and while they might not hurt the pinnability of things, the inconsistency is going to make it hard for people who may be familiar with your site to recognize your image because it's not branded.
To create a well recognized look, you want to be consistent with the fonts you use.
3. The last issue with this is that It doesn't have hierarchy. So naturally the eye is drawn to the biggest & boldest word on there which is "Water" instead of the word "Lemon Water". But if you change both words to carry the same weight, you can clearly see what the main purpose of the post is.
2. Choose the most important words and give them the most hierarchy in terms of Size and Weight. So the main part of the post should be the biggest and boldest.
4. If your logo contains a script font, use that minimally throughout your graphics in order to allow your logo to stand out.
I hope this post was helpful in learning a little more about fonts & how the different ways you use them can affect how strong your branding will look. I know a lot of bloggers struggle with defining their brand's aesthetics and I've been toying with the idea of creating some type of class where I'd work with 20-ish bloggers to help walk through the process of creating a solid Branding Style Guide. If this is something you may be interested in, add your email below to be updated on the status of that.


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· March 19, 2009
Six year anniversary of the start of Iraq War
Two million Iraqi refugees struggle to survive
Army dealing with rising soldier suicides
Providing homeless aid with dignity
Residents weigh in on Philadelphia's budget
House passes bill to tax AIG bonuses
Outrage was once again the theme of the day as the US House of Representatives considered a bill that would tax bonuses given to AIG and other executives by 90 percent. North Dakota representative Earl Pomeroy.
"Starting right here, right now, we are saying no more. We are saying, 'Give us our money back!' And we will not stop until we get it back. To those running to cash their ill-gotten checks: you disgust us. By any measure, you are disgraced professional losers."
The bill passed 328 to 93.
During debate the question of who holds responsibility for the loophole allowing these bonuses was forefront. Many Republicans blame Democratic Senator Chris Dodd of Connecticut for changing last month's stimulus legislation to make some bonuses legal. Dodd in turn, says he was asked to do so by the Obama Administration.
New Mexico outlaws capital punishment
Last night New Mexico became the 15th state in the nation to abolish the death penalty and replace it with the sentence of life in prison without the chance of parole. FSRN's Renee Feltz has more:
New Mexico Governor Bill Richardson supported the death penalty as recently as 2006, when he pursued the Democratic Presidential nomination. But Tuesday night, he signed a bill to abolish capital punishment:
"Regardless of my personal opinion about the death penalty, I do not have confidence in the criminal justice system as it currently operates to be the final arbiter when it comes to who lives and who dies for their crime."
As reasons for his decision, Richardson cited manipulation of DNA evidence and a lack of competent counsel for all defendants. He referred to the over-representation of African Americans and Latinos on death row. The state's death penalty abolition law goes into effect in July, meaning any murders committed before then could still qualify for the death penalty. Earlier this month a similar bill narrowly failed to pass the Senate in Maryland. Four other states have similar abolition bills pending. Renee Feltz, FSRN.
Justice Department says no more raids on medical marijuana dispensaries
In another reversal of Bush Administration policy, the Justice Department has announced that it will not make a priority of raiding medical marijuana dispensaries operating under California law. Kellia Ramares has the Story:
Attorney General Eric Holder announced that, to better allocate scarce law enforcement resources, medical marijuana dispensaries operating in accordance with state law will not be the targets of Federal Raids. California and 12 other states have legalized medical marijuana. But under the Bush administration, the Drug Enforcement Administration raided dispensaries, because marijuana is still illegal under Federal law. Elizabeth Frantes of San Francisco is a medical Marijuana patient. She welcomes Holder's announcement, but says it doesn't go far enough.
"The change in policy doesn't really address the key issue which is that Marijuana should be removed off schedule altogether. The weakness in the California law has always been that producing marijuana still leads you to prosecution. And since there are no legitimate sources of marijuana, the infiltration of organized crime has pretty much been inevitable."
Frantes wants to see patients and their caregivers to be able to legally grow their own marijuana under federal law. Kellia Ramares. FSRN. Oakland, California.
Israeli troops admit to witnessing unwarranted fire on Palestinians in Gaza
Israeli troops involved in the invasion of Gaza have admitted to "unbridled contempt for, and forcefulness against, the Palestinians," according to the director of the Yitzhak Rabin pre-military program Danny Zamir. Last month Israeli soldiers recounted their experiences, and excerpts were published in Israel's Harretz newspaper. Zamir also said soldiers admitted to unwarranted fire on Palestinian civilians and vandalism.
Border dispute between Peru and Chile heats up
This morning at the International Court at The Hague in The Netherlands, Peru presented its suit contesting its ocean border with Chile. The border dispute is creating a tense environment political between the two South American nations. From Santiago Jorge Garretón has more.
Peru wants to redraw its southern ocean border with Chile – a move that would also impact the land boundary dividing both countries. Chile says the current borders were established in agreements signed in the 1950s. But Peru disagrees, claiming those treaties only govern fishing rights. The new border would give Peru more territory. The push to redraw the border has come from the growing nationalist political movement in Peru – A movement that has attracted the indigenous poor. The nationalists are also demanding Peru repeal a free trade agreement with Chile that went into effect earlier this month. In reference to the border dispute, a recently retired Peruvian Army chief claimed Chile is beating war drums. Today, Chilean President Michelle Bachelet reconfirmed her stance that Chile is in the right. Jorge Garretón. FSRN. Santiago.
Today is the sixth anniversary of the war in Iraq. 4,259 American soldiers have been killed and an estimated one million Iraqis have died. Despite President Obama's pledge to withdrawal all combat troops by August of 2010, anti-war activists are holding vigils and conducing actions of non-violence. The demonstrations seek to remind people that the war in Iraq continues… that the war in Afghanistan is escalating… and that a covert war in Pakistan is growing. But as FSRN's Leigh Ann Caldwell reports, the anti-war movement is facing a difficult time.
One of the many consequences of the Iraq War are the refugees that have had to flee the war. There are about two million Iraqi refugees: most of them come from urban areas, predominantly Baghdad. The bulk of Iraqi refugees (about one-and-a-half-million) live in Syria and in other neighboring nations, including Jordan. Refugees are not legally allowed to work, and in the past, child refugees have been denied the right to an education. So, six years into the war on Iraq, what is life like for some of the two million refugees forced to flee their homes just to save their lives? Aura Bogado speaks with Tim Irwin, spokesperson for the UN's refugee agency.
Defense Secretary Robert Gates says the Army will end the controversial practice of stop loss, which requires soldiers to stay in the Army beyond the time their enlistment ends. The program will be phased out over the next two years. Meanwhile, the military continues to grapple with soldier suicides: in the army alone, as many as 188 active duty soldiers committed suicide over the past 15 months. FSRN's Karen Miller looks at what the military is doing, and why some critics say it is not enough.
As unemployment rates rise, so do the number of homeless people, and there's a growing debate on how to best provide services for those in need. As Johanna Galler reports from Denver, there's some disagreement between grassroots activists and those who provide homeless assistance – although they are all working towards the same goal.
Philadelphia Mayor Michael Nutter announced the city's new proposed budget this morning. It includes a temporary 19 percent increase in property taxes and a one percent increase in the city's sales tax. Hundreds of residents gathered in city council chambers to hear and respond to the budget – and to let the Mayor know their opposition to tax increases and their desire to preserve essential services including libraries and health centers. As FSRN's Andalusia Knoll reports from Philadelphia, a group of people voicing their concerns over increased funding for law enforcement were arrested and removed from the hearing.
September 7, 2009 documentary – Sixteen Rooms: The Campaign for a Hotel Workers Union
Next story March 20, 2009
Previous story March 18, 2009


PIONEERING TECHNOLOGY INC. (the "Corporation") (TSX VENTURE:PIO) announces that its previously announced private placement (the "Private Placement") of up to 15,000,000 units at a price of $0.05 per unit for gross proceeds of $750,000 (the "Units") has been completed. The Corporation has closed on the full 15,000,000 Units. Each Unit consisted of one common share and one share purchase warrant (the "Warrants"), with each Warrant entitling the holder thereof to purchase one common share at a price of $0.10 per share for a period of two years.
About this company Pioneering Technology Corp.


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Q: Convergence domain of: $\sum^{\infty}_{n=1}\frac {(3x-5)^{2n-3}n!}{n^n}$
Find the convergence domain of: $\displaystyle\sum^{\infty}_{n=1}\frac {(3x-5)^{2n-3}n!}{n^n}$

My attempt:
Define $t=3x-5$ so: $\displaystyle\sum^{\infty}_{n=1}\frac {t^{2n-3}n!}{n^n}$.
Finding the convergence disk: I get $R=\displaystyle\lim_{n\to\infty}\frac {n!}{n^n}\frac{(n+1)^n}{(n+1)!}= \lim_{n\to\infty}\frac1 {n+1}(\frac {n+1}n)^n  =\lim_{n\to\infty}\frac1 {n+1}(1+\frac 1 n)^n=0$ Does that mean that the series diverges or converges only at a single point?
If it converges only at one point, the next step is to check for convergence for $t=0\to x=\frac 5 3$ which makes it the zero series.

A: We have that
$$\frac{n!}{n^n}\approx \frac{C\sqrt{n}}{e^n}$$
hence the series is divergent for sure if $|3x-5|^2 \geq e$ and convergent for sure if $|3x-5|^2 < e$.


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DDG to start non-technical operations in Colombia
First marking of contaminated area by DDG Non-Technical Survey team
The Danish Demining Group (DDG) has just received accreditation for its Non-Technical Survey (NTS) team to start operations in Colombia. That means that the organization can now assist the local population in creating a safer environment in the country with the highest contamination and number of victims in Latin America.
DDG Colombia advances positively in its mission to carry out Land Release in the municipalities and areas affected by Antipersonnel Mines and other Explosive Remnants of War, as assigned to DDG by the National Mine Action authority: Descontamina Colombia. By conducting NTS, DDG can determine and map contaminated areas and encourage safe behavior where contamination has been confirmed. Most importantly, it will support the rights of the local populations to the land that has for so long been suspected of contamination, thus not productively used and will consequently support the economic development of rural communities in Colombia. The accreditation is an important stepping stone for DDG's humanitarian mine action operations in Colombia.
"This has been received in a great way by the community of San Jose del Fragua and especially by the indigenous areas, as their areas were affected by the conflict that took more than 50 years. This will be the first step to ensure that their ancestral lands are freed from the suspicion of mines'', says DDG Operations Manager Juan Pablo Manríquez during a meeting carried out in the Yurayaco reservation.
Over five decades of conflict with armed groups (AGs) has led to mine and explosive remnant of war (ERW) contamination in Colombia. Anti-Personnel mines have been planted along key access routes, schools and other strategic locations allegedly to frighten, confine or displace local communities, to get access to their land and natural resources as well as protect drug transport routes, illegal mining sites, plantations and processing factories. Indigenous and Afro-Colombian communities are particularly affected. The use of improvised explosive devises (IED's) has increased since 2000, making Colombia the country with the highest contamination and number of victims in Latin America
Building community trust is key to the successful implementation of any kind of mine action activity in Colombia, especially in indigenous and rural areas, where exploitation and mistrust have pervaded the communities throughout the years of conflict and demands to design and implement acceptance strategies and a need for a strong community liaison all over the operations to guarantee participation and access.
Operations in Zone 1 of the Municipality of San José del Fragua, Department of Caquetá were initiated on April 9th, 2018. The NTS Team passed the Accreditation Test only a month prior to starting operations with the supervision of the Organization of American States (OAS).
Non-technical survey = The initial process of determining, mapping and marking contaminated areas, through collection and analysis of data. In addition, the teams provide information about areas where contamination has been confirmed and encourage safe behavior among the local residents.
Read the article in Spanish here.


April Calendar2019, Market For the People!
Mobile Market is a collaboration of community residents, funders, educators, and farmers to help address the problem of food disparity with the initial focus being on the Southside of Syracuse where access to grocery stores is extremely limited. It is the intent of the Market's committee to expand to include other neighborhoods with poor access to grocery stores and fresh produce.
Currently the project's partners include the Allyn Foundation, Onondaga County Health Department, Wegmans, SUNY Morrisville and the Gifford Foundation. We are constantly looking for new partners and creative ways to better connect with and serve the community. If you would like to be involved please contact Southside Interfaith CDC.
The Farm Fresh Mobile Market was inspired by a similar project launched in Oakland, California by The People's Grocery. The philosophy behind this project is to bring fresh food and educational information about healthy living to communities lacking the resources to live healthy lives. The was air on PBS recently, Designing Healthy Communities. In 2016 , October , Farm Fresh Mobile was award a grant to purchase a new tuck.
Mobile Market accepts EBT cards and cash, Credit Card and American Express , Debit. Senior & WIC Farmer Market Coupons $4.00 each. Fresh Connect Program , For Every $5.00 spend in EBT, you received $2.00 in free produce, CNY Healthy Bucks . WIC Fresh Fruit & Vegetables checks are now accepted . Please drop by to visit us at our Locations. We are so please to serve our Veterans and we thank them for serving our country, Our newest site is the Veteran Medical Center has closed for the Season, was a great hit also, Syracuse University Students enjoyed the Market here in Syracuse NY. !!


The FancyTheme WordPress theme is so clean, super flexible and has a fully responsive design (try resizing your browser). Built with HTML5 and CSS3 . A lot of thought and care were put into FancyTheme making it a pleasure to use. The clean, modern design can be used for any type of website; business, corporate, portfolio, products, etc. The FancyTheme comes with built in Under Construcion page. The Theme is built on top of the fabulous Jigoshop and WooCommerce plugins.
Gallery 2 Col – Gallery page with two images in a row.
Gallery 3 Col – Gallery page with three images in a row.
Gallery 4 Col – Gallery page with four images in a row.