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An Ames room is a distorted room that creates an optical illusion. Likely influenced by the writings of Hermann Helmholtz, it was invented by American scientist Adelbert Ames Jr. in 1946, and constructed in the following year.

Usage and effect

An Ames room is viewed with one eye through a peephole. Through the peephole, the room appears to be an ordinary rectangular cuboid, with a back wall that is vertical and at right angles to the observer's line of sight, two vertical side walls parallel to each other, and a horizontal floor and ceiling.

The observer will see that an adult standing in one corner of the room along the back wall appears to be a giant, while another adult standing in the other corner along the back wall appears to be a dwarf. And if an adult moves from one corner of the room to the other, they will appear to dramatically change in size.

Explanation

The true shape of the room is that of an irregular hexahedron: depending on the design of the room, all surfaces can be regular or irregular quadrilaterals, so that one corner of the room is farther from an observer than the other.

The illusion of an ordinary room is because most information about the true shape of the room does not reach the observer's eye.
The geometry of the room is carefully designed, using perspective, so that, from the peephole, the image projected onto the retina of the observer's eye is the same as that of an ordinary room. Once the observer is prevented from perceiving the real locations of the parts of the room, the illusion that it is an ordinary room occurs.

One key aspect of preventing the observer from perceiving the true shape of the room is the peephole. It has at least three consequences:
 It forces the observer to be at the location where the image projected into their eye is of an ordinary room. From any other location, the observer would see the room's true shape.
 It forces the observer to use one eye to look into the room, preventing them from getting any information about the real shape of the room from stereopsis, which requires two eyes.
 It prevents the observer from moving their eye to a different location, preventing them from getting any information about the real shape of the room from motion parallax.

Other sources of information about the true shape of the room are also removed by its designer. For example, by strategic lighting, the true far corner is as bright as the true near corner. For another example, patterns on the walls (such as windows) and floor (such as a black-and-white chequerboard of tiles) can be made consistent with its illusory geometry.

The illusion is powerful enough to overcome other information about the true locations of objects in the room, such as familiar size. For example, although the observer knows that adults are all about the same size, an adult standing in the true near corner appears to be a giant, while another adult standing in the true far appears to be a dwarf. For another example, although the observer knows that an adult cannot change size, they see an adult who walks back and forth between the true far and true near corners appear to grow and shrink.

Studies have shown that the illusion can be created without using walls and a ceiling; it is sufficient to create an apparent horizon (which in reality will not be horizontal) against an appropriate background, and the eye relies on the apparent relative height of an object above that horizon.

Related phenomena

Trompe-l'œil
The Ames room has as a predecessor, from as early as the 15th century, the movement in art called trompe-l'œil, in which the artist creates the illusion of three-dimensional space, usually on a flat surface.

"Anti-gravity" illusion and gravity hills
Ames's original design also contained a groove that was positioned such that a ball in it appears to roll uphill, against gravity. Richard Gregory regarded this apparent "anti-gravity" effect as more amazing than the apparent size changes, although today it is often not shown when an Ames room is exhibited.

Gregory speculated that "magnetic hills" (also known as gravity hills) can be explained by this principle. For such a location in Ayrshire, Scotland, known as the Electric Brae, he found that a row of trees form a background similar to the setting of an Ames room, making the water in a creek appear to flow uphill.

For Gregory, this observation raised particularly interesting questions about how different principles for understanding the world compete in our perception. The "anti-gravity effect" is a much stronger paradox than the "size change" effect, because it seems to negate the law of gravity which is a fundamental feature of the world. In contrast, the apparent size change is not such a strong paradox, because we do have the experience that objects can change size to a certain degree (for example, people and animals can appear to become smaller or larger by crouching or stretching).

Honi phenomenon
A type of selective perceptual distortion known as the Honi phenomenon causes some married persons to perceive less size distortion of the spouse than a stranger in an Ames room.

The effect was related to the strength of love, liking, and trust of the spouse being viewed. Women who were high positive in this area perceived strangers as being more distorted than their partners. Size judgments by men did not seem to be influenced by the strength of their feeling toward their spouse.

Further study has concluded that the Honi phenomenon does not reliably exist as first thought, but may be explained as sex difference influencing perception, with women interpreting a larger reading as a more meaningful or valuable perception of things than men's.

In media
The Ames room principle has been used widely in television and movie productions for special effects when it was necessary to show actors in giant size next to actors in small size. For example, production of The Lord of the Rings film trilogy used several Ames room sets in Shire sequences to make the heights of the diminutively-sized hobbits correct when standing next to the taller Gandalf.

When used for special effects, the viewers will not see that an Ames room is being used. However, a few times an Ames room has also been shown explicitly.

 An Ames room is used in the 1965 TV Special My Name Is Barbra. It enabled the star to shrink before singing a little girl medley, and return to normal size to sing adult songs.
 An Ames room is depicted in the 1971 film adaptation of the Roald Dahl novel Charlie and the Chocolate Factory.
 The 1960s television series Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea used an Ames room in the episode "The Enemies" to show, rather than just declare, an attempt to make two characters (one standing on each side of the room) lose their minds.
 Episode 141 of the first incarnation of the science educational television series 3-2-1 Contact has a segment in which the optical illusion of the Ames Room is demonstrated and explained
 In the game Super Mario 64, the room containing the two paintings that lead to the level Tiny-Huge Island are placed at the end of two opposite hallways similar to an Ames room. When the player is standing at the perceived center of the room, the two hallways appear to have both the same depth and equally sized paintings. As the player approaches them, however, it is revealed that one painting is massive in scale and the other is miniature, respectively.
 The 2010 HBO film Temple Grandin used an Ames room in the opening title sequence, and later figures in the actual story, where the title character, who is autistic, intuitively devises the illusion in a scale model as a science project.
 English rock group Squeeze used an Ames room in their 1987 music video "Hourglass".
 English rock band Status Quo used an Ames room on the front cover of their 1975 studio album On the Level.
 English rock singer Roger Daltrey used an Ames room in the music video for his 1980 song "Free Me".
 An Ames room was used in the 2004 film Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind to make the character Joel Barish appear to be the size of a young child.
 Dr. Eric M. Rogers used an Ames room to highlight how we attach familiar knowledge to the unfamiliar in his 1979 Royal Institution Christmas Lecture.
 German punk band Die Ärzte used an Ames room in their music video for the song "Fiasko".

See also
 Forced perspective
 Ames trapezoid

References

External links

 "How to build an Ames Room", Ri Channel video
 "Adelbert Ames, Fritz Heider and the Ames Chair Demonstration"

Optical illusions
Articles containing video clips

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Chief Justice Sir Marston GIbson oversees ceremony at Supreme Court Complex accompanied by Acting Commissioner of Police Tyrone Griffith and the commissioner's Staff Officer Inspector Ian Branch.
Inmates of Her Majesty's Prison at Dodds in St. Philip, will soon be able to have some cases conducted from the confines of jail.
Victims of abuse or those threatened with violence in drug cases, will also soon have their cases heard, without being in the same room as the accused. These were among the initiatives announced this morning by Chief Justice Sir Marston Gibson while he addressed jurors and judicial officials at the official start of the Legal Year 2013 to 2014, in the Number One Supreme Court.
"We are working on a video conferencing facility between the court and Her Majesty's Prison at Dodds, which will permit some hearings, for example, applications for bail, to be heard by video conferencing, rather than by transporting the applicants to the court," Sir Marston disclosed.
Sir Marston reported too, that he was pleased with the new Supreme Court website, which he said he intended to bring on-stream no later than the middle of next month. He suggested that what currently existed could not be called website by "a generous stretch of language".
He said the judiciary had been working with a small company called, BitEdge. "The website committee had a meeting last week to get a look at what BitEdge has proposed, and I can't say it any better than, we like what we see. The website will be user friendly, permitting searches, not only of decided cases, but to look as well at the progress of cases, and the judges to whom the cases have been assigned," continued the Chief Justice.
However, the top justice official told the court there would be new frontiers, including e-filing of cases and the possibility of paying online for services, such as issuance of certificates.


text:
**A/N: Here's a soft-n-fluffy to get us back into this fic. Hope you enjoy!**
Several minutes passed in silence after Eric stopped the video.
No one knew what to say, what to do to either comfort the Maker who had lost his progeny or to honor the progeny who had gone out in a blaze of glory.
Then there was a hard knocking at the door.
A cursory glance about the room revealed Thalia's missing presence – Eric didn't remember hearing her leave but since she was one of the stealthiest vampires he knew, he didn't think about it – so he nodded to Willa who had already partially risen to open the door.
"Where do you want him," Thalia more demanded than asked as she stood just outside the doorway.
Her petite face was a study in feral satisfaction as she dangled the bloody stub of an arm in one hand and held the rest of the vampire captive by his neck with the other.
The manager mentioned in the video had apparently not managed to go very far.
Sookie sat up straighter in Eric's lap and, to the shock of everyone in the room, her face brightened. She bestowed upon Thalia a smile that was only slightly less vicious, and received a regal nod in acknowledgement.
Only Eric noticed the protective tightening of her arm over her stomach.
With entirely false indifference he casually called up the camera to what had been Pam's cell. The cleaners were in the process of gathering their supplies to leave the now spotless room…a room that wouldn't be clean for long.
The now-former manager could bleed until the coming night, however.
"Pam's cell will be fine. Thank you, Thalia."
The male whimpered Eric's name in a pleading voice, which was ignored by all in the room. The collective disdain was palpable.
Thalia blurred from the doorway with her quivering prisoner in stumbling tow.
After a moment of stunned silence, Sookie cleared her throat.
"Ok, I'll say it; 'Go Thalia!'"
Eric's face displayed his surprise at Sookie's words while Sevrin simply nodded his head in agreement.
Willa's immediate response, a half-laugh, half-snort noise, brought even more relief to the tension now leaving the room.
Eric leaned back in his chair and ran his palms over Sookie's internally-mobile abdomen. He wondered if the child within ever rested.
"This change in your outlook is a surprising relief, Sookie. There was a time when you would have protested her actions…"
Sookie snorted.
"There was a time when I was a naive child determined to be a stupid ostrich keeping her head buried in the sand so I wouldn't have to deal with anything. Now, we all know that ostriches don't really bury their heads in the sand thinking that they're invisible, but I guess I really thought that if I didn't know all the facts then I wasn't responsible for anything that happened to me or anybody else, but it just doesn't work that way."
She shuffled a little on Eric's lap to ease her abdomen.
"I finally realized that I'm a part of the supe world and that there's no way for me to back out of it even if I wanted to. Now, there's a lot of stuff I still don't know about, things I don't like or understand, but I figure if I ask you or Willa or even you, Sevrin, about it, you'll tell me so that I will know." She shrugged, then began playing with Eric's fingers as she continued.
"Do I like that Thalia yanked that asshole's arm off? A part of me doesn't, of course, but there's an even bigger part of me who's still cheering her on. I don't like that vampire justice, or supe justice in general, is so much meaner and harsher and so much more painful than the human version because I just consider us all people, but I also know that, given time, he'll regrow that arm whereas a human couldn't. And, to vampires, time has a completely different meaning. It was a mean thing to do to him since he is still a person, but then, he was complicit in the Dae plans against me and you and probably Willa, too, and look at what those assholes were going to do to me! Look at what they already did to Pam and Willa!"
She turned to look at the brunette vampire and asked with the abrupt change of subject common to the easily distracted, "Willa, are you ok?"
Without blinking, Willa replied, "I wasn't, but now I am, well I will be when I wake up tomorrow night. Sevrin arrived just in time to save the night."
"You are not well?"
Eric and Sookie both noted how Sevrin immediately turned Willa in his lap so his dark eyes could sharply scrutinize her face for any evidence he might have missed.
Willa put her hand on his chest mostly to steady herself.
"I feel fine, just a little odd from everything. I think it's from the combination of all the ancient blood suddenly flooding my system."
Eric studied his remaining child then demanded, "Odd? In what way?"
Willa thought she could almost feel her Maker accessing their bond for information about the state of her "health", but brushed the notion aside. She felt odd but not that odd.
"Just a little strange, like, I don't know, I guess you'd call them something like power surges are running through my blood somehow. They don't hurt, not at all, but I do feel them. I feel stronger, and I can't explain it which is weird since I also feel smarter somehow." She shrugged, truly at a loss as to how to put into words the effect of the ancient blood on her system.
"Why did you say nothing?" Something flickered in Sevrin's stern gaze.
"It doesn't feel wrong, just…different."
Sookie could tell the moment Willa realized that Sevrin was truly concerned, and not solely about her reaction to the blood.
"If I had my d'ruthers," the brunette started as she gazed softly into the stern black eyes staring down at her so fiercely, "I would love to go home and I would gladly go into my dayrest early, and I would especially like it if you were holding me. I truly do feel like a good day's rest will set me right. I do," she repeated in an effort to reassure the big vampire holding her so gently, yet firmly, in his lap.
"But I can't, not yet anyway. We have several things we need to deal with tonight so this isn't the time to make it all about me, you know?"
"No. I do not know this."
Realizing that the miff was truly strong in this one, Willa sent a silent apology to her Maker and her friend for turning her back on them as she moved to straddle Sevrin's lap.
She placed her hands on his shoulders and, instead of admiring the broad musculature, she concentrated on the male himself.
"I didn't bring it up earlier because there just wasn't time. If I'd been hurting or burning from the silver or anything like that, I would have whined my head off, no worries there. But this…there isn't anything to worry about, not now at least. Let's see how I'm feeling when I wake up tomorrow evening, ok?"
He stared down at her for a long moment then she felt the huge muscles in his shoulders relax minutely.
Sevrin realized that he might be making more of what he felt was information being deliberately withheld than he should but it galled him that something wasn't right with her and she hadn't brought it to him.
How could he fix what was wrong if he didn't know that something was wrong?
The honesty was clear in her eyes, though, and while he couldn't actively read her thoughts, it was enough.
He nodded as was his way, and was rewarded when she leaned forward to briefly peck his lips. If she hadn't almost immediately changed her position on his lap, he would have gladly worked that kiss into something far more gratifying, audience be damned.
Unaccustomed to dealing with "relationship issues" in front of others and especially not in front of her Maker, Willa quickly changed her position on Sevrin's lap and desperately pretended she wasn't probably blushing a color not normal in the vampire world.
Sookie's stomach rumbled in the brief silence that followed, and the pregnant hybrid grumbled.
"Y'all, I'm hungry and I want to go home."
Very much willing to oblige his Sookie, Eric nodded. There wasn't anything else to be done there that night, so home it would be.
Plans could be made anywhere.
He looked over at Sevrin and attempted to keep his expression neutral. He almost felt bad for the guy…knew exactly what he was going through, but knew it was a journey his old acquaintance-turned-friend would have to figure out for himself….and without hurting his remaining child.
At least he seemed to be a fast learner…
"You'll come?"
The dark mountain glanced down at the lady on his lap gazing up at him wistfully, and nodded.
Safe but solitary resting place versus…yeah, no question there…
Willa's extremely pleased expression was more than enough reward.
Eric looked up in time to see Thalia reappear in the room's open doorway minus her bleeding errand.
"No. The prisoner is secure. Go feed your woman."
With a nod that implied respect, Thalia blurred away.
Eric shrugged as he lifted Sookie off his lap and eased her swollen feet to the floor.
"Well, you heard the little warrior – it's time to feed my woman," he ordered with a grin.
Sookie knew the shadow in his eyes would take time to fade, but his better humor seemed genuine. Some things would just take time and she would help as best she could.
"And," he added after catching a glimpse of her ankles, "give her feet a nice massage, too."
In short order but after visiting a 24-hour gas station known for having "awesome" over-powdered, non-New Orleans beignets that Willa ran inside to get for Sookie and then the drive-thru of a fried chicken place and a Chinese place, they finally reached home.
Sookie was far more interested in sampling her edibles, and Eric was far more interested in watching her enjoy her strange food choices, than in paying attention to Willa awkwardly helping Sevrin settle in. They shared a mutually amused grin over the course of true love as Sookie helped herself to another egg roll.
Sevrin was glad that he always carried an over-day bag in his vehicle when so far from his normal stomping grounds since unforeseen changes in day-rest plans weren't exactly uncommon.
As he surveyed the large pale blue bedroom he would share with his Willa, he automatically formed and memorized several escape and safety routes, then concentrated on the woman nervously flitting about the room.
He was ready the next time she came near him and reached one long arm out to snag her by her waist. She collided softly with his hard chest, and when she looked up to speak, he gently lowered his lips to hers.
After a long, sweet kiss that he kept firmly within the bounds of "not passionate", he raised his head.
"Today, we rest. Tomorrow, come what may, but today I hold you safe in my arms until you rest. Then I will plan with Northman and will return to you as soon as I can to hold you as the sun calls me to my rest."
He then grinned in the way that melted Willa's bones.
"Later I will learn your body."
Willa looked up into his dark gaze and felt her nerves finally relax. She wanted him…oh, yes she did…but not just yet. Tonight had been very unpleasant… very, very unpleasant… and she needed some time to recover and not just from her own ordeal.
A day spent in his arms would surely help. The rest…the rest would come.
She nodded, then smiled a little.
"Ok, I'm going to grab my jammies and go shower," she declared with a wave toward the bathroom door. "Do you want to wait in here and watch tv or go out there and watch the "See What Sookie Eats Together This Time" game?"
Sevrin shuddered. He could imagine…
"I'll wait."
This time Willa laughed.
"Good call."
He grunted in what was most likely agreement.
Later, once Willa had well and truly fallen deeply into her dayrest and Sookie was sound asleep after having her feet, ankles, and belly rubbed, Eric and Sevrin met in the kitchen, which still reeked of human food, knocked back a few bags of heated blood, and quickly discussed some potential plans.
Each had "a couple sources" to contact, then more notes to compare.
No mention was made by either party of Sevrin's abilities, but the sun was only barely peeping over the horizon when they gladly rejoined their women.
Sookie woke at her usual time the next afternoon and once up and dressed she placed her now-usual call to Mrs. Bronson who kindly agreed to pick up more butter pecan ice cream and Vidalia onions if they had them…sweet onions if they didn't…on her way over.
Mrs. Bronson had proven to have a wealth of common sense advice and a slightly bawdy sense of humor. She hustled and bustled around the upper part of the safe house without appearing to ever be in a hurry, and wouldn't let Sookie stand up on her own or pick up anything weighing more than a pound or so.
She tittered and shooed and she fussed and she coddled and in general Mrs. Bronson provided exactly the kind of older female companionship Sookie had been sorely lacking since her own Gran had been killed.
Their hours together were spent discussing everything from colors to paint a nursery and what to expect when expecting to the differences between types of weres – although it was understood that Weres were the cream of the supe crop, of course.
No topic was off limits, but until now Sookie hadn't revealed too much about what exactly had been going on in her life. She knew the Were's enhanced senses had detected that there was something different about the babe in her womb but there just hadn't been time to discuss with Eric what all would be safe to tell the lovely older lady.
Forced cheer might be a bit difficult to pull off today since she was still upset over all she'd learned the night before, but she was determined to carry on with as normal a daily routine as she could manage… and that included meeting her cravings, too.
Bless Mrs. Bronson and her love for shopping!
A few minutes later Sookie went to the fridge for a glass of apple juice – pasteurized but pesticide-free from Mrs. Bronson's cousin's orchards and brought to her by the lady herself two days before – when she saw the collection of creamy orange jars, and stopped.
If Dr. Ludwig really was the "tiny doctor" the creepy Dae guy was talking about, then could she trust the orange liquid? It did make her feel noticeably better and more satisfied…and it did seem to be helping the baby…but how could she be sure?
The assistant who had brought it over…Gail…she was a Were of some sort but Sookie knew that if she focused her talent and concentrated strongly, she could hear even Weres more clearly than she used to. They still didn't come through as easily as humans but it was better than nothing. With another dose of Eric's blood, she might could hone in even more closely on their thoughts.
Now…how to arrange to be near enough to the woman to read her…
She didn't want the woman knowing where the safe house was but didn't dare try to arrange a meeting without talking it over with Eric first and letting him have his hours of trying to talk her out of being involved with anything.
He deserved that much, at least, before she ignored his objections. She knew her logic was sound – she was the preggo contact, after all – but would definitely agree to whatever safeguards he would dream up.
She was sure they could come up with something, though, and she did have the woman's card.
Somehow she just couldn't see the blunt little doctor giving her something that would hurt her or her baby, not on purpose anyway.
However, as much as she wanted to drink the delicious orange-creamy goodness, she didn't want to risk doing so without further investigation.
Apple juice would have to do. And milk. And yogurt. And bananas and salmon. And good hard cheddar cheese. And pretzels dipped in strawberry jam.
And butter pecan ice cream with a side of onions whenever Mrs. Bronson arrived.
**A/N: So, what'd ja think?**
37 thoughts on "The Moon, Ch. 31"
Pingback: Hi…anyone remember something about The Moon? Ch. 31?? | Addicted to Godric…& Eric…& Andre
duckbutt60 on January 25, 2016 at 6:30 PM said:
Great update! Oh the mess Sookie eats…bleh! Had 30.6 inches of snow here in Reston, VA –and our street and court are still not plowed –and I've got cabin fever and I'm sick of cooking……
ericluver on January 25, 2016 at 6:48 PM said:
Ok…ice cream and onions? Gak! 😝😝
My cravings were cauliflower (which I'd never liked before) and Fruit Tingles (lollies). Couldn't get enough of either! Not together though 😳
Glad to see Sevrin and Willa getting to know each other better. They're good together. She softens his rougher edges 😋
Sad for Eric, but I think with Sookies help he'll be ok.
Always look forward to these updates. I love this story! 💕💕💕
mom2goalies on January 25, 2016 at 7:21 PM said:
Loved the update, Sookie's food, not so much! Lol
Looking forward to seeing more.
charity6201 on January 25, 2016 at 7:21 PM said:
I think that I will never look at some of those foods the same way again and I do not think for a minute that it is really Dr Ludwig that is behind the nefariousness. Loving the slow progression of Willa and Sevrin and Pam will be missed.
cari1973 on January 25, 2016 at 7:25 PM said:
Doctor Ludwig would not mind staying Sookie in a coma and remove the child like 'alien, the eighth passenger' as long as the result of their experiments would bear fruit. I would not drink the concoction if I were her.
Good for Sev and Willa! We'll see if blood so old systems have been fried. If Sookie can increase her telepathy with Eric's blood, who knows what it might do in a young vampire? In adiction with Sev's ancient blood.
galwidanatitud on January 25, 2016 at 8:20 PM said:
i'm glad Sookie is starting to really accept the supernatural world. wonders and cruelties included. it's just the way it is. and i have to say, just reading Sookie's preferred diet is making me feel nauseated. 😀
mindyb781 on January 25, 2016 at 8:36 PM said:
I got 30 inches of snow too. So this chapter made me smile . Sookie and her food choices are too funny. I like how Servin is so worried and referring to Willa as his Willa . I think Sookie was smart not to drink the orange liquid. I like how much Sookie has matured .
kleannhouse on January 25, 2016 at 9:10 PM said:
what a great chapter, we are seeing Sookie grow and respect her guard. we are seeing love blossom between an ancient and a youngling. and we are hearing about what nasty food concoctions the fae-hybrid is eating, yuck. but he loves her and he will endure it. until the next post and Sookie defies Eric about reading the Were nurse without him being present. KY
shoegirl01 on January 25, 2016 at 9:12 PM said:
Nope, no Sookie diet ! Yuk ! Do pregnant women really go off the deep like that?
Can't wait for the next chapter 🙂
Kittyinaz on January 25, 2016 at 11:59 PM said:
Uh oh… This could be problematic But love the fluffiness in the chapter!!!!
JACQUELINE Di MATTIA on January 26, 2016 at 2:59 AM said:
Oh my…butter pecan ice cream with a side of onions!
I like this mature Sookie and Willa is so so sweet!
valady1 on January 26, 2016 at 6:36 AM said:
Pregnant women and their food cravings.. I wanted bananas and lobster..needless to say, I got the bananas, lobster only once.
I am certain that the doctor the dae referred to is not our Dr Ludwig. So hope Sookie is able to vet her quickly and remove that fear.
Do you have anyone in mind for Sevrin? An actor? I'm trying to visualize him. With most of the characters we have that because of TB..just thinking out loud.
murgatroid98 on January 26, 2016 at 10:15 AM said:
Very nice. They all need healing and it looks like they might have a little time to get some. Mrs. Bronson seems nice. Don't know about ice cream and onions. I craved biscuits and honey, and grits with salt. Hopefully, they can relax a little while as the former bar manager is questioned. Great chapter.
lorip100 on January 26, 2016 at 11:39 AM said:
I'm really on the fence about Ludwig , in most fics I love that sarcastic little imp but this niggling doubt set up by the dae is setting me on edge , so I get Sookie's reluctance in drinking blindly without question ( the ostrich has left the building hehe ) . Awe …..squee Willa and Sevrin . Lovely chapter .
switbo on January 26, 2016 at 4:01 PM said:
What do I think? I think I'm *very* glad that I never had those types of cravings with my pregnancies. At most, I had an exaggerated sweet tooth with my second. 🍩
"letting him have his hours of trying to talk her out of being involved " – This cracked me up.
I absolutely love Sevrin and Willa together and I'm really curious to know what's going on with her.
Finally, I do truly hope that Dr. L is not a villain in this fic. I love her and would hate to see her be evil!
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Meridian on January 28, 2016 at 1:16 AM said:
duckbutt60: Thank you! I've been having a little too much fun imagining all sorts of strange things for Sookie to crave together and I'm totally blaming it on the Dae'baby… *evil grin* I hope by now your streets have been excavated?? Beware of plow-avalanches… Cabin fever is awful and so's HAVING to cook for yourself regardless of what you actually want. Hope it all melts soon…
ericluver: Heh, yup, and I'm totally blaming Sookie's odd-ball cravings on the Dae'baby, too, lol. Love cauliflower but only when it's raw. I think my mom only craved lemon and sardines (not together I don't think) with me. I'm having a blast with the burgeoning romance between Sevrin and Willa. In my mind they're so cute together! 😀 Thanks!
mom2goalies: Lol, I've been having a bit too much fun with Sookie's cravings – it's oddly easy to imagine all this weird crap she'd be craving together… *evil grin* Glad you liked it!
charity6201: If Pam could have been all the way through the story the way she was at the end, she'd have been great. It's her own (virtual) fault… Sevrin and Willa are a blast, they really are. I see them as being so cute and kind of awkward together – he's this ancient being but is so unaccustomed to irrelevant things like "romance" and "feelings", and here's Willa totally fine with how she feels, but she's also a somewhat skittish baby vamp…too fun! 😀 Glad you like it!
cari1973: Dr. Ludwig has a unique opinion about her patients… The consequences/benefits someone who's virtually a "baby vamp" ingesting such a quantity of ancient blood – both from her Maker and from another old vampire – are…unknown. *twisty grin* Sevrin and Willa are a lot of fun with him so ancient yet so new at the whole "love" thing and her so young but so willing to feel and show affection.
galwidanatitud: She is. It's hard for her cause she's a softie at heart, at least, she was until "her own" were threatened… She's finding out she can go MAMABEAR real damn fast now, and not JUST over her baby. (And I may be having a little too much fun with Sookie's food pairings…but I totally blame the Dae'baby…)
mindyb781: Snow. Ew. BAD WORD ALERT! Blech. Glad you liked the chapter! Heh, Sevrin's hooked…and I think he's realizing it and is going down with less fight than he'd thought, lol. And poor Sookie…as tender-hearted as she is, the supe world just doesn't work the way she'd like for it to, and she's figuring it out the hard way…yet again. This time the info will stick, though.
kleannhouse: Is it bad that I love playing around with the horrible food combos? I can totally blame them on the Dae'baby and get away with it, right? 😀 Poor Sookie…she's had to learn the hard way that the supe world can be a violent and harsh place, but it's good that she's come to certain realizations now that she's responsible for more than just her own safety. It's also good that she's finally realized that the sexy old vampire is also wise, lol. (She'll listen to him…for once!)
shoegirl01: I have *no* idea, lol, but I am having a blast coming up with these weird food combos and can totally blame them on the Dae'baby, right? Right?? *evil grin*
Kittyinaz: Exactly – things could be getting deeper, but at least they had some "time off" together to just breathe. Glad you liked it!
Jackie69: Thank you! That's one of my primary ambitions when I write Sookie. I want to show that not only is she capable of learning from her past mistakes and maturing in natural progression, but that she's actually NOT allergic to common sense… 😀 Willa – I couldn't leave her character as it was on the show: partially-written, disrespected, and at odds with Eric. Nope…can't have that… I feel like I've almost written her as an OC by this point, but she's so much fun. Glad you like them!
valady1: Heh, check my main blog page (click the title from any chapter page and it'll take you to what I mean), then look down to the 4th gif – Jason Momoa is mostly who I'm basing Sevrin on. Just a little taller. With blacker hair. And broader shoulders. And a bit more muscular. I should stop here, right? There's room for one more? And slightly bigger hands. 😀
Man, I wish you could have gotten your lobster more often. It breaks me out in hives – you can retro-have mine if that's possible.
murgatroid98: Thanks! I decided to throw in a genuinely decent "older lady" for Sookie. She needs friends her own age-ish, true, but she needs that mom-figure, too. Heh, I'm having just too much fun with the weird cravings but I can totally blame them on the Dae'baby, right? 😀 Aww, man, I crave biscuits with honey and grits with salt anyway! NOM!
lorip100: Heh, no comment about Ludwig… I had to toss in that ostrich reference considering how bad Sookie used to be about hiding her head and thinking her ass was invisible. But yup, she's – for better or for worse – wised up considerably about the supe world. I'm absolutely having a blast with Sevrin and Willa! He's so old yet so new to silly things like "romance" and "feelings" and here she is all "younging-skittish" yet so emotionally mature (comparatively speaking)! To me, they're just plain cute together! 😀
switbo: Heh, I've never had a baby so at least I can claim total innocence if these food pairings get too weird, right? And I'm totally blaming them on the Dae'baby and that makes it even right-er, right?? *evil grin*
Thanks! I can absolutely see Eric spending his hours trying to talk her out of getting involved…and failing miserably. Willa…no comment. Sevrin and Willa, though, I freely admit that I'm loving them together. He's got the ancient vampire thing going on but he's never really thought about, much less dealt with, all that silly nonsense about "romance" and "feelings", yet here's the skittish youngling being all emotionally mature… *snicker*
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Melissa Moore on March 29, 2016 at 1:27 AM said:
I'm loving this story. I started out hating Pam but I love the way u brought it all full circle. Pam is the best. I love Sevrin and Willa together. Sookie and her cravings and eating habits are kinda disgusting lol. I have 3 kids and I never craved anything I didn't already eat nor did I eat like a hog. I try to speed read through her eating but other than that this is an awesome story. Cant wait for Eric to kick some dae ass for Sookie, Pam and Willa. Love it love it!
Meridian on March 31, 2016 at 5:20 PM said:
Melissa Moore: Hey thanks!! Yeah, lol, I tend to have running jokes of a sort in most of my stories and Sookie's weird-shit cravings is a huge (painfully) UNsubtle one in this fic. Sevrin and Willa are fun! Pam…that Pam was hard to write and she absolutely DEMANDED redemption…and Pam gets what Pam wants! 😀 Glad you're liking the story!
hjr949806 on September 23, 2016 at 9:46 PM said:
Can't wait to see if it's Ludwig that the dae was talking about!
Meridian on September 25, 2016 at 3:02 PM said:
hjr949806: *evil grin* Carry on! 😀

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
For Your Doctor
About Insurance
What is the TomoTherapy® System?
The TomoTherapy System is the only radiation system specifically designed for integrated, 3D image-guided, intensity modulated radiation therapy (IG-IMRT). The radiation treatment is guided by CT imaging taken in the treatment room just before radiation is given. The precisely delivered radiation beam conforms to the shape of the patient's tumor while minimizing exposure of normal healthy tissue to radiation. Minimizing radiation dose to normal tissue reduces the likelihood of side effects. Key technologies integrated into the TomoTherapy System include:
CT scanner: The device enables daily imaging of the tumor to ensure accurate targeting, even when the tumor's size or position has changed. In addition, the scanner facilitates the delivery of extremely precise radiation doses from 360 degrees around the body, from the first to the last treatment session.
Multileaf collimator (MLC): A patented device with many "leaves" or "slats" that open and close quickly to enable, or block, the passage of radiation as it is delivered from different angles around the patient. The TomoTherapy System's MLC divides the radiation beams into thousands of smaller beamlets that deliver uniform doses of radiation to the tumor, enabling customized and precise delivery of radiation to the tumor site.
What is the Radixact™ System?
The Radixact System is the next generation TomoTherapy® platform. The Radixact System, in combination with the Precision™ Treatment Planning System and iDMS™ Data Management System, is intended to provide clinicians with a foundation for expanded clinical capabilities to help ensure the platform will be highly utilized for years to come, while driving excellence in outcomes across a wide range of patient cases.
The new Radixact System is a uniquely smart radiation therapy system that enables optimal treatment for more patients.
What is radiation therapy?
Radiation therapy uses focused beams of intense energy to destroy cancer cells and shrink or control the growth of tumors. Radiation therapy works by preventing targeted cells from multiplying. The objective of radiation therapy is to destroy the harmful cells while minimizing damage to healthy cells.
Radiation may be recommended as an alternative or in addition to surgery or other therapies. It also can be used to manage pain caused by lesions. Radiation can be delivered internally or externally. This FAQ focuses on one type of externally delivered radiation therapy.
What types of cancers or areas of the body can the TomoTherapy® and Radixact™ Systems treat?
The Systems can be used to treat any cancers and body sites where radiation has been shown to be effective, whether the size of the targeted disease is very small or very large, and its shape is routine or complex.
The TomoTherapy System is commonly used to treat tumors in the breast, prostate, brain, head and neck and lung, as well as bone/blood-related disease. The system is used for both adult and pediatric patients, and may be well suited for treating tumors that have reoccurred, even when these patients are not candidates to receive additional radiation from conventional delivery systems.
What happens to the cancer following treatment? Is it still in a patient's body?
Radiation kills the tumor cells so they cannot regenerate, but it does not remove the affected organ/site from the body as surgery does. When treatment is effective the tumor may shrink or disappear entirely, or its growth may be stopped.
What are the patient benefits of treatment with the TomoTherapy® and Radixact™ Systems?
The Systems efficiently deliver superior dose homogeneity – the entire tumor or treated region – and conformity with excellent sparing of organs at risk (OAR). Treatment accuracy is based on daily 3D image guidance with integrated megavoltage CT (MVCT) imaging. This daily imaging reduces error in patient setup, which, if left uncorrected, would require larger margins to assure the diseased tissue is adequately treated and increases dose to normal, healthy tissue.
The clinical efficacy of the Systems has been demonstrated in studies by TomoTherapy clinicians. In addition, some TomoTherapy clinicians have pioneered innovative clinical applications that leverage the system's unique features.
What are the side effects associated with treatment?
Most patients experience mild and temporary side effects that may include nausea, fatigue and skin irritation. These side effects may increase in severity during and just after radiotherapy and resolve within weeks or months. The likelihood and severity of side effects varies greatly across patients with different diseases and characteristics. As with any radiation treatment, side effects also can be severe in some patients and lead to permanent injury or even death.
Will treatment with the TomoTherapy® or Radixact™ System result in scar tissue?
Treatment with the TomoTherapy® or Radixact™ System does not involve cutting of the skin, so in most cases it does not result in a scar.
When the irradiated region is near the skin, however, all radiation therapies may cause skin damage. These side effects range from mild reddening and swelling that disappears with time to open lesions that require medical attention and, after healing, leave a permanent scar. The goal of any radiation therapy is to treat the disease while limiting side effects, including skin irritation or damage.
How long does each treatment take?
On average, a daily treatment takes 10 to 20 minutes, from entering the treatment room until leaving. This time includes initial patient setup and the application of any motion restraints, CT image-guided correction of patient positioning if necessary, the radiation treatment delivery itself, and getting on and off the treatment couch.
How many treatments are usually needed?
A typical course of radiation therapy involves a daily visit, Monday through Friday, for 20 to 40 sessions over four to six weeks, though this will vary by individual.
The Systems also can be used for hypofractionated therapy, which enables the number of treatments to be reduced by giving higher doses during each treatment session. This type of treatment is possible because of the precision of the Systems in providing radiation only to the tumor where it's needed, without increasing risk of radiation delivered to surrounding healthy tissue.
How do the TomoTherapy® and Radixact™ Systems differ from other radiation therapy devices?
The Systems' unique combination of CT scanner-based design, helical delivery mode and high-speed multileaf collimator (MLC), differentiate them from other radiation therapy devices.
The TomoTherapy and Radixact Systems enable efficient daily 3D CT imaging immediately before each treatment, helping ensure patients are set up accurately based on internal anatomy for that day. This is called image guidance, a technique the TomoTherapy System was originally designed to do. Errors in patient setup, if left uncorrected, would require larger margins to assure the disease is adequately treated and increases dose to normal, healthy tissue. As a result of their imaging capabilities, the TomoTherapy and Radixact Systems can reduce margins and more precisely deliver radiation treatments.
The TomoTherapy and Radixact Systems are the only radiation therapy devices capable of delivering radiation in a helical, or spiral, continuous 360-degree, pattern around a patient's body. This approach enables clinicians to reach the target from more angles, while simultaneously sparing healthy organs or tissue nearby.
The TomoTherapy and Radixact Systems' unique MLC divides the radiation beam into thousands of smaller beamlets that deliver different intensities of radiation to the tumor, directly to where it's needed, enabling a customized and precise delivery of radiation to the tumor site and minimizing exposure of healthy surrounding tissue.
The Systems can treat large fields, the exact places on the patient's body where the radiation beam will be aimed, including multiple metastases and sizeable tumors, with a single treatment plan and setup. The result is less overall treatment time for patients.
Other conventional radiation therapy systems are limited in the size of the tumor they can treat in a single session; multiple treatment plans and patient setups are required to treat multiple tumors.
The effectiveness of the TomoTherapy System has been well documented in hundreds of peer-reviewed research papers authored by a multitude of researchers around the world since its FDA clearance in 2002. Findings are typically favorable for the use of this technology in the treatment of a broad range of cancer cases.
In some cases improved clinical outcomes, including better cancer control and reduced side effects, have been demonstrated. In one study, patients with head and neck cancer reported less xerostomia, or dry mouth, after TomoTherapy treatment than after another form of IMRT.1
The unique pattern of radiation delivery has also enabled clinicians to target radiation precisely to the bone marrow in patients with leukemia prior to blood stem cell transplant. Higher, potentially more effective, doses can be delivered to the bone marrow with less of the severe toxicity associated with more conventional, total body irradiation.2
The Radixact™ Treatment Delivery System is the next generation TomoTherapy platform, designed to enable doctors to more efficiently and effectively deliver precise radiation treatments to more patients.
Chen AM, Yang CC, Marsano J, et al. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: improvement of the therapeutic ratio with helical tomotherapy vs. segmental multileaf collimator-based techniques. The British journal of radiology 2012;85:e537-543.
Kim JH, Stein A, Tsai N, et al. Extramedullary relapse following total marrow and lymphoid irradiation in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014;89:75-81.
Will insurance cover the procedure?
TomoTherapy and Radixact treatments are covered as other radiation therapy treatments are covered, depending on the diagnosis and clinical application per public and private insurer guidelines by geography.


text:
Witness For the Prosecution (play)
POLONIUS:
See you now;Your bait of falsehood takes this carp of truth:
And thus do we of wisdom and of reach,
With windlasses and with assays of bias,
By indirections find directions out.
- Hamlet, IIi
Costume design by Esther Montgomery Haberlen
SPOILER ALERT: This post reveals solutions to Agatha Christie's play Witness For the Prosecution and novel The Mysterious Affair at Styles ... and also my new play The Way I Danced With You.
Hey, look! I'm dressed up for a thing. In the early 1950s, when Agatha Christie wrote the play Witness For the Prosecution, it was in the immediate aftermath of her smash hit The Mousetrap (1952) and theater producers must have thought nothing of paying a dozen or so actors to sit still and say absolutely nothing in the role of jury members and assistant barristers.
In the Great Lakes Theater production, which closes this weekend, they continue the novel and exciting concept of seating audience members on stage (as they have done twice before in a modified "Globe Theatre" staging for Hamlet and Macbeth) to represent the jury. And for the assistant barristers the company has engaged enthusiastic members of their Board of Trustees. I am not a trustee, but I am a member of the education department and have made myself available to step in for several student matinee performances.
My job is to sit there, under my wig, take notes, and react a little. Not a lot. No distractions. I think I handle that very well. And the production is delightfully effective. I was present for the first student matinee and I have never heard such a strong reaction from an audience of middle and high school students, and I mean ever, at any live theater production I have ever attended. It was breathtaking.
Because I wondered how a modern, teenage audience would receive this work. It's a courtroom drama, and haven't we all seen those? Isn't Law and Order still on every channel, all the time? And yet, there is a reason Dame Christie is the third most popular author in the English language, after Shakespeare and God. The last five minutes students were literally on their feet, there was no restraining their reaction. Backstage was quite a scene as well, no one had experienced anything like it!
Photo: Roger Mastroianni
(Great Lakes Theater)
Agatha Christie likes to put the culprit right in front of you, to make it painfully obvious exactly who is the guilty party, and then through doubt and confusion she will convince you your own conclusions were absolutely wrong.
In her very first novel, The Mysterious Affair at Styles (1920), the most unlikable characters are in cahoots, secretly lovers but feigning antipathy towards each other, working closely to create for the one accused a watertight alibi. Evidence is introduced late in the trial, absolving the suspect of all suspicion. And they would have gotten away with it, too, had it not been for the little grey cells of a certain Belgian detective.
Christie does nearly the same thing in her 1953 play Witness For the Prosecution (originally a short story, Traitor's Hands, first published in 1925) by building an unassailable case, also apparently pitting lovers against each other. A last minute piece of evidence is contrived and in this case -- Hercule Poirot being absent -- the guilty party almost escapes all punishment.
In each of these two cases, Christie also plays upon an almost racist kind of xenophobia towards Germans that was prevalent in England at the time.
As it happens, my new work, The Way I Danced With You, currently in rehearsal for its world premiere at Ensemble Theatre, was originally intended as something of a mystery. I had written two short scenes, amounting to a short, forty-minute work. Each scene took place ten years apart, and how they related to each other was only revealed in the very final moments.
In time I created a third scene, between the two. It changed the nature of this mystery, and in a weekend of performances at Blank Canvas last year, it was more of a puzzle than a mystery. My own fear of leaving the audience confounded led to several decisions which, while still having created a compelling narrative with interesting characters, was not as daring as what I had originally intended.
At the suggestion of director Tyler Whidden, we have further revised the script, obfuscating certain elements which had previously been evident. Concealing that which is otherwise apparent and obvious and introducing the element of doubt. Will the audience solve the mystery?
Perhaps I have learned from Christie and thing or two about misdirection.
Ensemble Theatre presents the World Premiere of "The Way I Danced With You," opening March 21, 2019.
Great Lakes Theater presents "Witness For the Prosecution" at the Hanna Theatre through March 10, 2019
Agatha Christie's "The Mysterious Affair at Styles" adapted for the stage by David Hansen is available from Playscripts, Inc.
Posted by pengo at 10:52 AM
Labels: Agatha Christie, Great Lakes Theater, The Mysterious Affair at Styles, The Way I Danced With You, Witness for the Prosecution (play)
Saturday Night Live Season 3: Episode 7 December 20, 1977 "Hey, You!" Woman.....Gilda Radner [ open on woman sitting al...
Nineteen Eighty-Six
Flying leaf
A Tale of Haina


I'd always wanted to ride the Seven Summits Trail in Rossland BC. I first read about this trail in Bike Magazine a couple years ago as they gave it their Trail of the Year award. My birthday was coming up and it was a no brainer....we needed to ride that on my birthday. Its over 3000' of climbing and 20+ miles of singletrack.
We loaded up and said good bye to the coast that had been our companion the last six weeks. We made a stop in Vancouver and found some really pretty country on the drive over to Rossland.
Rossland has billed itself as the Mountain Bike Capital of BC since 1993. It has a fantastic campground right downtown. You can ride right from the campsite and enjoy tons of singletrack along with two city owned mountain bike skills parks. The downtown has everything you need from burgers to bike shops to a brewery. The town is pretty quite though at night but I figured everyone is tired from riding anyway. Talk to the city campground host if you want a cheap shuttle for seven summits. He is definitely a character and nice guy. There are also tons of other trails to ride here other than the Seven Summits. Stop in at the bike shop and grab a map.
Rossland found itself in need of a boost after the old economy of the town (mining, forestry) slowed. With a grant Rossland started building and improving trails including the Seven Summits. The town even has a full time crew building and maintaining trails. The local economy has turned farther into tourism and now they are getting herds of bikers in town from Calgary, Vancouver, Spokane and beyond. Its amazing to see how much mountain biking has done to this town. BC definitely "gets" it in terms of what people value in a community. Trails clearly being a top priority here.
We met a few people here who would become riding partners later on down the road all over BC. People from all walks of life who share a love of singletrack, beer, and adventure. You know who you are and thanks for the good times!


The Expert Group on Advanced Reactor Systems and Future Energy Market Needs (ARFEM) will analyse to what extent reactors under development today, for instance small modular reactors or Generation IV reactor designs, could address the future energy market needs and conditions, as well as possible new environmental and regulatory constraints.
The expert group will look at both electricity and non-electric markets. For electricity markets, some experts anticipate that due to large penetrations of variable renewables, other sources of power generation will need to be much more flexible than today, capable of load-following with high ramp up/down rates. Others believe that due to demand smoothing and increased energy storage capacities, only limited load-following capabilities will be needed. Today, nuclear power plants have the capability to load follow, though the ramp-up/down rates are much less than for peaking technologies such as gas. More advanced generation III reactor designs have greater flexibility than previous generations, and utility requirements actually specify flexibility capabilities (see EUR + also new EU grid code). It is not clear today what will be the flexibility capabilities of more innovative reactor designs such as those of Generation IV reactors which could be deployed in the 2030-2040 time frame.
If the whole energy sector needs to be decarbonised, technologies that can produce low-carbon heat will be required to substitute fossil-based heat. Nuclear power plants can provide both low-carbon electricity and heat. The expert group will therefore investigate what are the cogeneration capabilities of various advanced reactor designs, as well as the flexibility they may have to switch from electricity generation to heat production depending on electricity market conditions.
Members of the expert group will be nominated by the members of the Committee for Technical and Economic Studies on Nuclear Energy Development and Fuel Cycle (NDC). Nominated experts will meet on a regular basis (approximately twice a year) and will produce a report with NEA staff support. A workshop will be organised by the NEA in April 2017, back to back with meetings of the Generation IV International Forum (GIF) to take benefit of the presence of GIF experts, to initiate the study.
The duration of the mandate is two years.


I recently had the pleasure of being introduced to Monkey 47 gin.
The origins of Monkey 47 could have come from some sort of work of fiction. The original recipe is credited to one Wing Commander Mongomery Collins; born in 1909 in Madras in British India to a British Diplomat, he was posted to Germany in 1945, after World War 2. It is said that Montgomery was deeply affected by the destruction of Berlin and resolved to support the reconstruction of Germany and took a personal hand in rebuilding the Berlin Zoo. During this work he came to sponsor an Egret Monkey by the name of Max.
On leaving the Air Force, he opened a guest-house in the Black Forest, which he called "Zum wilden Affen" (the Wild Monkey) – notice the theme building?
Juniper was abundant in the Black Forest and being an English Gentleman, Montgomery enjoyed his gin. Decades later, during renovation of the guest house, a wooden box was discovered, which contained a hand-labelled bottle and some papers. The bottle's label had a hand-drawn monkey and bore the moniker "Max the Monkey – Schwarzwald Dry Gin". The papers included all manner of notes and photographs, but critically a list of ingredients used to create the gin, many of which came from the Black Forest region as well as some familiar spices from India.
The botanical list is formidable, running to a massive 47 ingredients (hence the 47 in the name). I have only managed to piece-together 41 from the bottle, the website and the internet at large.
Monkey 47 Logo - The botanical list is so long, I have room for another image.
Monkey 47 is a fairly potent gin at 47% and comes in 500ml bottles.
Where the Hendrick's bottle is what a designer imagines an apothecary's bottle to be like, the Monkey 47 bottle actually is what they were like; smooth, round-shouldered, thin neck and a broad lip; it is like something from a moth-balled chemistry lab.
The bottle is stoppered with a simple straight-sided cork, again like something from a chemistry lab (before rubber bungs became common). Girding the cork is an engraved metal ring bearing the Latin words "EX PLURIBUS UNUM", which means "Out of many, one" and was once one of the three mottos on the US seal (changed in 1956 to "In God we trust"). Presumably, in this context, it refers to the one product coming from the very many botanicals.
The neat gin is rich and aromatic, with a complex nose. Tasting rewards the mouth with an incredibly intense journey that encompasses herbal, floral, citrus, fruity and spice notes aplenty. There is a familiar resinous flavour that is reminiscent of both Adnams Copperhouse and (less so) Tanqueray 10; indeed, both Hibiscus and Chamomile make an appearance in Monkey 47. The juniper is definitely there, but the supporting cast is like an orchestra. Clear among these is pine, or rather I suspect spruce, which supports the juniper with clear crispness.
The floral and herbal notes are clear and powerful; there is a slight geranium taste and I think there is a honeysuckle/jasmine flavour identifiable. A hint of pomelo is present (redolent of Bloom and Whitley Neill). This is the fruitiest gin I have ever tasted and it is smooth to boot.
Initially, I had thought that this was purely a sipping gin which would be a crime to mix, but trying it with tonic water was a revelation. The finer points of the aromatic flavours really come alive; the citrus comes out and the floral & herbaceous notes veritably explode. The finish is long, dry and spicy and herbal.
Every stage, the attack, middle and finish of Monkey 47 is complex and different from the last. Each mouthful is an engaging roller-coaster of discovery and joy, and it never gets old. It is an intriguing gin and difficult to leave alone. I desperately need to get my hands on more, but at a production of only 2,500 bottles per year, it is hard to find and the price reflects this; at about £38 for 500ml, Monkey 47 gin is probably the most expensive in-production gin I have tried. Is it worth the price? Yes, but as a treat.
Edit – Incidentally, the ring on the cork appears to be the same size as my wedding ring. Size U.
Shoud the second "and" be an.
Great gin, nice article. Thanks for sharing.
If anyone wants to try a special version of it I can highly recommend the distillers cut of monkey. They limit this " version" of just a few bottles a year, and every year the distillers cut is a little but different of the tastes.
Thanks for bringing that to my attention – Monkey 47 is an awesome gin and I am very keen to try the distiller's cut.
Tried Monkey 47 last night in the hotel bar in Zurich. Mixed with tonic water, it was superb! Now looking for a bottle to bring home!
Glad you liked it – you're right, it is superb.
Very well written, and in-depth review!
But do you know where the Schwarzwald name originates from?
It means "black forest", and I had assumed that it is because it originates in the Black Forest region.
Thanks for this excellent, in depth, review. I recently bought a bottle and I agree with everything you say; it is well worth seeking out!
Very good review. Just tried it for the first time a few moments ago. This is the most complex tasting drink I've ever had. It starts off incredibly powerful on your palete and begins to mellow as you drink more. It really is quite special. A must for any real lover of high quality premium gin.
Excellent article. Since my family knows one of the partners in the distillery, I had the privilege to be sipping Monkey 47 for over two years now and am bringing it to the US bottle by bottle, having resolved to never run out nof it again.
A proud "Black Forestian" (is that a word?) in "exile"….
You are very lucky indeed.
Interesting review. I found a bottle of this on the island of Sylt a couple of days ago, and it is indeed a very good gin with a complex taste.
However, the 'Montgomery Collins' marketing guff I would take with a fistful of salt. An obvious tall story.
In Paris, it can be found at the Maison du Whisky, in the Carrefour de L'Odeon. As all the commenters have said, it is a marvelous gin. The only sad thing about it is that you can't get it in the US, whereI live!
It can be difficult to find in a bricks-and-mortar store but it can be found at a lot of online retailers.
Unfortunately I don't have any relevant contacts to put you in touch with; you are probably best contacting them through their website.
Wow, great article about a superb gin. I tried it for the first time last week, ready to shout out how it doesn't live up to the great press it has been getting. Well, I must say, it is truely the most exciting and complex gin I've ever had. Thanks for the spot on review and interesting background story! Cheers!
Unfortunately, I don't know about any US sellers. You might have some luck contacting the Monkey 47 distillery or Aaron at theginisin.com.
You can get this gin from the off-licence The Vineyard, Ormeau Road, Belfast. It's the best off-licence I've seen in N. Ireland.
Thanks for a super article. As I am reading your article while drinking gin, I didn't notice the grammar problems ; ) I had my first taste of Monkey 47 last year and have been sold ever since. Neat or with a good tonic it is unlike any other. I am lucky that Monkey is easily available at most retail shops here in Denmark (still pricey though).
I first noticed it for its label, which caught my eye in a bar in Amsterdam. I frequently travel to Germany and bring back Schweppes tonic water from there to the United States because US tonic water is all sugar, even the Schweppes brand. I have just purchased my first bottle of Monkey 47 and can't wait to try it with my European tonic water.
I am writing to caution US connoisseurs of G&Ts who might want to try the Monkey 47 of the nasty taste of tonic made for the US market .
Thanks for the review. This sounds very interesting, I'm tempted. But the cost…for gin? If you are desperate to buy it in US, I just saw KLwines.com will be selling it shortly.
I go through phases of preferring lemon or lime (and pink grapefruit, and occasionally orange). I think, on balance, I favour lime more often than lemon though.
Monkey 47 is an amazing gin! As an American living in Germany I like to dabble with all sorts of fun bottles of alcohol,this is my most recent find and definitly a gem! I found it in a High-End clothing store here in Ansbach (shoutout to Dresscode!) at 33 euros a bottle, bottled 10/2014, batch 38…Truely a very fruity taste and worth the money spent. I will be going back for more.
Need to buy some Fever Tree Tonic before opening the Monkey Gin 47, can't spoil it!
Good show! Savour every drop – it's a cracking gin.
Hi, I first tried this in Cheshire in a pop up cafe with an acclaimed gin bar. They served my Monkey 47 with Fever tree tonic a slice of chilli and cinnamon powder. It was the most amazing gin to date complicated but delicious. I will definitely be buying a bottle x.
Complex. Better to enjoy straight up. Mixing obscures the nuances. Price is high, but definitely a unique experience.
Nicely said and couldn't agree more. Originally recommended to me by terrific waiter at "the Dispensary" in Bendigo, took me 2 years to find it. Worth the wait. Fruity, smooth, a real delight. I like an aromatic gin, but the monkey isn't just another branch. I think it's another tree.


text:
Intelligent Waves secures spot on US Army's $12.1bn ITES-3S contract
1 October 2018	(Last Updated October 1st, 2018 10:44)
End-to-end information technology solutions provider Intelligent Waves has secured a contract position on the US Army's potential Information Technology Enterprise Solutions-3 Services (ITES-3S) award, valued at $12.1bn.
Managed by the US Army's Computer Hardware, Enterprise Software and Solutions (CHESS) programme, the indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity (IDIQ) contract will continue for a period of nine years.
The firm-fixed-price and time-and-materials contract is expected to serve as the primary source of information technology (IT)-related services for the US Army across the globe.
Intelligent Waves president and chief executive officer Jared Shepard said: "The ITES-3S award is a very important achievement for Intelligent Waves.
"The award provides access to new opportunities to support the Department of the Army while allowing us to strengthen and grow long-term relationships with our army customers."
"The ITES-3S award is a very important achievement for Intelligent Waves."
ITES-3S is a follow-on award to the service's ITES-2S contract that was awarded to 16 prime contractors in 2006.
Designed to deliver nearly all areas of enterprise-level IT services, ITES-3S has made a total of 135 awards to date, 83 of which are on the small business set-aside track. Bids were solicited via the internet with 187 received.
The scope of the contract includes the delivery of cyber security, information assurance, business process re-engineering, enterprise design, integration and consolidation, network/systems operation and maintenance, telecommunications/systems operation and maintenance, supply chain management, and IT education and training.
The project is expected to be completed on 23 September 2027.
The US Army Contracting Command is serving as the contracting activity.
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Ground Support Solutions for Military Aircraft


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Architect-in-training sees national lockdown as a new opportunity to educate and engage.
Nadia Everard is certainly one to watch. Like many young architects, Nadia is the product of an educational system that she claims "gave very little attention" to traditional architecture. However, despite the odds, Nadia is now tutoring her contemporaries and other aspiring architects to be and has set up a successful forum in which enthusiasts and students can discuss and attempt to resolve issues relating to the built environment in their local area.
Nadia graduated from the Sir John Cass School of Art and Architecture in 2018 with a Masters in Art and Architecture. In July 2019, she attended the Engelsberg Summer School in Classical Architecture, where she met architects, teachers and students who shared her passion for classicism. It was here that she was able to learn in more detail about the classical architectural language and how to apply these principles to contemporary projects of her own.
After Engelsberg, Nadia went on to finish her studies, graduating in Architecture at the Cass in June 2020. Though aware that her university tutors were not inclined to support her desire to practice traditional architecture, for the first time in her studies, Nadia says she "felt free" and had the confidence and conviction to continue with her final project.
"I finally took pleasure in drawing after Engelsberg. During my final year, I mostly worked by myself, using books and taking inspiration from the traditional architecture in London. I decided that my final assignment was more about the process than achieving a perfect outcome. I enjoyed using the traditional canon and applying this poetic living language of expression in my project. I also came to the realisation that I am, and always will be, in the process of learning, which was really satisfying."
Since graduating, like the rest of us, Nadia was faced with the peculiarities of lockdown and working from home. She quite quickly became aware that she could use the increase in virtual communications in this global pandemic to her advantage. Through online platforms and her Instagram account, Nadia has gone on to inspire many others and she has started educational initiatives of her own, balancing her job with running a forum that is dedicated to educating students interested in traditional architecture.
This forum, La Table Ronde, is a group where young enthusiasts and professionals discuss issues pertaining to the built environment in Belgium, focusing on topics such as sustainability, beauty, well-being, harmony between architecture and nature: all looking to change prevailing attitudes in Brussels that favour modernist design.
Nadia has also been teaching a more intense course in traditional architecture to five select students throughout August. This course involved much observational drawing, walking tours, sketching and online seminars: all carried out safely in her local area.
La Table Ronde hopes to continue to organise educational activities during the coming year, such as:
– individual or group classes in urban planning, architecture and contemporary traditional construction
– training courses in traditional construction for Belgian artisans and companies
– study visits to Brussels and beyond and visits to stone careers, artisans workshops, architectural offices
– conferences, talks and public actions
– movie, documentary, videos and podcasts
– eventually another summer school of traditional architecture in Brussels
Follow Nadia and email her to get involved in upcoming initiatives! @nadia@everard.be
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Bionsen is an aluminium and paraben free deodorant infused with thermal spa minerals to help protect and nourish skin.
The Bionsen formula allows your skin to breathe naturally, and the aluminium and paraben free formula offers an alternative to mainstream deodorants for those concerned about the possible links with breast cancer.
Bionsen is a deodorant, so it doesn't prevent you from sweating like an antiperspirant does. Bionsen Deodorant allows the body to detoxify through perspiration, but prevents the growth of bacteria that can cause odour - keeping you smelling fresh and clean.
For years, under arm deodorants have made me itch. So I would lay off using it, until my wife would kindly remind me that 'you smell rather warm darling'. Then I discovered the cause..... ALUMINIUM! And I discovered the remedy... Aluminium-free Bionsen. Now I don't 'smell rather warm darling', nor do I scratch like a flea-ridden dog! And I don't smell like a pansy, either.


On May 10, 2010, President Obama nominated Elena Kagan to the Supreme Court to fill the vacancy from the impending retirement of Justice John Paul Stevens at the end of the Supreme Court's 2009–2010 term. A significant entry in the catalog of Ms. Kagan's remarkable achievements is her deanship of the über-prestigious Harvard Law School. In 2003, she was named, as the school's first female dean, to succeed Robert C. Clark, who had held that post for over a decade. While manning the helm at Harvard Law, she attracted attention of alumni and observers for steering the ship away from the tried and true "case-law method" of studying the law.
A central plank in Kagan's revolutionary platform is the abandonment of the requirement that students at Harvard Law School study constitutional law. The course's place in the curriculum was replaced by classes examining the laws of other nations and international law.
In fact, according to the requirements for receiving a J.D. as listed on the Harvard Law School website, the study of our republic's founding document is nowhere to be found.
From the beginning of law school, students should learn to locate what they are learning about public and private law in the United States within the context of a larger universe — global networks of economic regulation and private ordering, public systems created through multilateral relations among states, and different and widely varying legal cultures and systems. Accordingly, the Law School will develop three foundation courses, each of which represents a door into the global sphere that students will use as context for U.S. law.
The second class, called "Legislation and Regulation" is designed to familiarize students with he world of legislation, regulation, and administration that creates and defines so much of our legal order." In other words, the regulations and codes promulgated by the bureaucracy are more critical to the definition of our legal order than is the Constitution.
The final course, on comparative law, "will introduce students to one or more legal systems outside our own, to the borrowing and transmission of legal ideas across borders and to a variety of approaches to substantive and procedural law that are rooted in distinct cultures and traditions," the release said. Again, Elena Kagan, President Barack Obama's nominee to sit on the Supreme Court, believes a survey of "legal systems outside our own" is more valuable than a study of the Constitution.
Apart from the statements included in the press release, Elena Kagan explained her justification for the curriculum changes she instituted at Harvard in a 2008 article published in The Green Bag, a legal journal dedicated to publishing brief, readable articles about the law. In the piece, Kagan explained that the effect of global crises and the call for global governance made it necessary to minimize the role of constitutional studies in favor of classes more apropos to the equipping of lawyers with "tools for all the roles they will be called on to play."
One of the very important roles that these future leaders will play, according to the article, is the quest to find workable solutions to problems "ranging from climate change to terrorism to economic insecurity."
Neither the press release nor The Green Bag article indicates why Kagan believed that these classes could not be added to the curriculum without relegating the study of the Constitution to elective status.
While the benefits of the courses of study created by Elena Kagan are debatable, it is difficult to find a single sound argument for downgrading the study of constitutional law to elective status. That is not to say that a class improving students' international perspective is unnecessary. As a matter of fact, many of our own Founding Fathers made the study of international law one of the key aspects of their own education in anticipation of the Constitutional Convention of 1787.
The unanswered question is: Why could Elena Kagan not find room for these new classes without pushing the study of constitutional law to the margins of the Harvard course catalog? Why was it an either/or situation, and why did she come down on the side of international and regulatory law and against the Constitution?
It would be similar to the English Department at Harvard determining that Shakespeare would no longer be required reading for students interested in a PhD in Elizabethan English literature.
Robert Alt, senior legal fellow and deputy director of the Center for Legal and Judicial Studies at the Heritage Foundation, reckons that the changes made by Kagan at Harvard offer a glimmer of insight into Kagan's perception of the Constitution and its place in American jurisprudence. Even a scintilla of evidence is valuable given the dearth of reliable indications of Kagan's constitutional mien.
Article 2, Section 2 of the U.S. Constitution grants the president power to nominate and appoint, with the advice and consent of the Senate, judges of the Supreme Court. It is the responsibility of the Senate to enquire into Elena Kagan's constitutional bent and her propensity for interpreting our foundational document in a manner consistent with established principles of federalism, separation of powers, and limited government.
As Mr. Alt, understandably concerned with the message sent by Kagan's near obliteration of constitutional law from the basic curriculum of Harvard Law School, observed, "This is an important question because there are others in the Obama administration, like Harold Koh, for instance, who have suggested with regard to the First Amendment, for instance, that perhaps the First Amendment should be modified in some way in accordance with international norms, in order to facilitate compliance with international agreements." Harold Koh is the Legal Adviser to the Department of State and is controversial for his advocacy of using tenets of international law and foreign legal precedent to inform the deliberative process of judicial decision making in the United States.
This article was modified to reflect the fact that constitutional studies were not wholly abandoned, but were purposefully de-emphasized and reduced to little more than elective status in the curriculum of the Harvard Law School while Elena Kagan was dean.


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Whether you have a small website or a complex software system, Sandbox spends a significant amount of time in quality assurance to ensure your solution looks, behaves and functions as expected. Among the many quality assurance activities conducted by Sandbox you can expect:
Ensure your website complies with accessibility best practices and accessibility legislation
Sandbox has developed websites for dozens of companies and organizations which have legal obligations to meet accessibility standards for websites. This includes companies with 50 or more employees, public sector organizations (agencies of the Province of Ontario and Health Centres), municipalities or municipal services, educational institutions and libraries.
Before launching new sites, we will conduct a thorough accessibility review and testing towards technical compliance of WCAG 2.1 Level AA.
This will support compliance with Ontario's Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (2005).
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Ensure your website performs well in different web browsers.
Sandbox audits our platforms to ensure they operate seamlessly across web browsers. As part of our standard cross-browser compatibility policy we review our solutions in the latest full version releases of Microsoft Edge, Firefox, Chrome and Safari.
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Sandbox builds its platforms using Responsive Design best practices. We ensure the site will work equally well on desktop, as well as on the latest generation of mobile devices and tablets, running the latest releases of the iOS and Android operating systems.
Understand how your users interact with your new platform before its launched
Sandbox can support organizing and conducting usability tests for navigation and ease-of-use evaluation of a new website, intranet, portal or software system. Our approach is very task-oriented, asking participants to find and/or use targeted, essential features of the site. This informs user experience changes that may be required before launch.
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For software platforms and more complex web functionality, Sandbox also defines User Acceptance Tests (UATs) which are clients can use to walk through their solution in advance of launch to ensure it behaves and functions as expected. During a software project, User Acceptance Tests are conducted at the completion of each Sprint (sprint UATs) and at the end of development (end-to-end testing UATs).
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During these projects, Sandbox conducted usability testing with members of these communities, to ensure that the websites were optimized and accessible for visitors using assistive technologies.
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Isn't he just the cutest little guy? I may be predjudiced but really, he is just too fun!!
« All Mothers let their kids write on the wall don't they???
You know- I think he is pretty cute!
And a great tractor driver to boot!


Nominated by George W. Bush on May 1, 2003, to a new seat authorized by 116 Stat. 1758. Confirmed by the Senate on September 24, 2003, and received commission on September 25, 2003. Served as chief judge, 2019-present.


Gypsy Caravan Camping At Fisherton Farm - Inspired Camping.
Roulettes, Vardos, Bowtops, Gypsy Caravans and Romani Wagons were traditionally horse-drawn houses on wheels for Gypsy travellers. They were often made and insulated with recycled and natural materials and elaborately painted. These were perfect vehicles for a nomadic lifestyle and were the first horse-powered caravans, which have since developed into one of the most popular forms of camping today.
As humans we wouldn't have spread across the globe if we hadn't been compelled to travel from place to place. We've had to become travellers, adventurers and campers to survive and the gypsy caravan helped achieve that.
In today's civilised society you might think we couldn't be further away from those days of roaming the land, but we're closer to our roots than you might think. It's the nomadic instinct buried deep within all of us that drives us to travel, to seek shelter, to start a fire and to cook food. This is part of the reason why many of us love to go camping and glamping as it helps to nurture our natural instincts. Basically cooking over a fire, simplifying our lives, sleeping and waking with nature is what we all need to do every now and again.
One place where you can find this opportunity is at Fisherton Farm's Vintage Vardos in North Devon. Their gypsy caravan camping provides you with your own private meadow next to a stream and woodland trail, so you have every opportunity to really get in touch with nature, find some solitude, to switch off and simply to breath.
The vintage Vardos are Bowtop gypsy caravans and are traditionally Romany in style. Painstakingly restored they have their own personality and charm and ooze romance of a time long since forgotten. A time when we had to be nomadic survivors rather than desk junkies.
The Vardos are nestled in a meadow as idyllic as the caravans themselves. For residents there's also a sheltered outdoor living room with a campfire and table seating. Facilities also include a secluded day bed, hot showers, toilets and mini library, giving you plenty of opportunity to explore the surroundings on timber walkways, paddle in the near-by stream and simply to relax.
There are three gypsy caravans. Big Ted is more than 100 years old and is decorated in a traditional style, with embroidered cushions and a deliciously comfortable elevated bed. Little Gem was built in the 1940's and is funky, fun and full of colour. Red Rum, also from the 1940's, has more of a macho feel with sheepskins and earthy tones.
Fisherton Farm is owned and run by Gavin and Jemma. Gavin is a rare breeds farmer and Jemma is an accomplished artist having exhibited all over the world. Their Bowtop caravans were recently featured on the series Amazing Spaces with George Clarke, and remain a popular destination for many visitors to Devon.
For more information on Fisherton Farm and booking their caravans for 2013 you can visit their website or contact Gavin directly through Twitter.


King's Point, "Reading's worst eyesore"
Despite the best efforts of Doc Brown and Marty McFly, as it stands in 2015 predicting the future is impossible.
That's not to say you can't look at the way things are and have an educated guess as to what happens.
So, based on what we know, here's a few things you probably won't hear said in Reading in 2016.
"My good man, terribly sorry"
5. Council leader Jo Lovelock: "Even less money than last year, well, we've been spoiled in the past".
8. Reading Buses driver: "Here's your change".
14. South Oxfordshire District Council: "You know what, we've got no problem with having a bridge.


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Part IX: Language, Thought, Affect, and Learning
Language, Thought, Affect, and Learning. In: Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM, Siegelbaum SA, Hudspeth AJ, Mack S. Kandel E.R., & Schwartz J.H., & Jessell T.M., & Siegelbaum S.A., & Hudspeth A.J., & Mack S(Eds.),Eds. Eric R. Kandel, et al.eds. Principles of Neural Science, Fifth Edition. McGraw Hill; 2014. Accessed January 31, 2023. https://neurology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=1049&sectionid=59138695
Language, thought, affect, and learning. Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM, Siegelbaum SA, Hudspeth AJ, Mack S. Kandel E.R., & Schwartz J.H., & Jessell T.M., & Siegelbaum S.A., & Hudspeth A.J., & Mack S(Eds.),Eds. Eric R. Kandel, et al. (2014). Principles of Neural Science, Fifth Edition. McGraw Hill. https://neurology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=1049&sectionid=59138695
"Language, Thought, Affect, and Learning." Principles of Neural Science, Fifth Edition Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM, Siegelbaum SA, Hudspeth AJ, Mack S. Kandel E.R., & Schwartz J.H., & Jessell T.M., & Siegelbaum S.A., & Hudspeth A.J., & Mack S(Eds.),Eds. Eric R. Kandel, et al. McGraw Hill, 2014, https://neurology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=1049&sectionid=59138695.
Part IX
Wooden sculpture of the itinerant Buddhist monk Kūya. This portrait by the 13th century sculptor Kōshō shows the monk reciting the nembutsu, or praise of the Buddha, which in Japan takes the form of six characters. Kuya taught that focused recitation of the nembutsu would lead to rebirth in the Pure Land, a state of spiritual illumination. The six small Buddhas issuing from his mouth represent the six syllables of the spoken prayer. This portrayal shows remarkable complexity of representation, with pieces of wood carved in the shape of figurines, symbolizing discrete components of speech, which together represent language, its underlying concept, and in this case a means to spiritual enlightenment. (Reproduced, with permission from Rokuharamitsuji-temple, Kyoto, Japan.)
Motor and sensory functions take up less than one-half of the cerebral cortex in humans. The rest of the cortex is occupied by the association areas, which coordinate events arising in the motor and sensory centers. Three association areas—the prefrontal, parietal-temporal-occipital, and limbic—are involved in cognitive behavior: speaking, thinking, feeling, perceiving, planning, learning, memory, and skilled movements.
Most of the early evidence relating cognitive functions to the association areas came from clinical studies of brain-damaged patients. Thus, the study of language in patients with aphasia yielded important information about how human mental processes are distributed in the two hemispheres of the brain and how they develop.
Genetic manipulation in experimental animals can now be used to evaluate the relative contribution of genes and learning to specific types of behavior. Even the highest cognitive abilities have a genetic component. Composing music is an excellent example. Music conforms to complex, unusually abstract rules that must be learned, yet clearly it has genetic components intertwined with its learned aspects. The great composer Johann Sebastian Bach had many children, five of whom were distinguished musicians and composers. His only grandson also was a composer and harpsichordist to the court of Prussia. In 1730, Bach proudly wrote that he was able to "put on a vocal and instrumental concert with my own family."
Much of today's neural science concerns cognitive neural science, a merger of neurophysiology, anatomy, developmental biology, cell and molecular biology, and cognitive psychology—a merger that has given rise to a new science of mind. Until two decades ago the study of higher mental function was approached in two complementary ways: through psychological observation and through invasive experimental physiology. In the first part of the 20th century, to avoid untestable concepts and hypotheses, psychology became rigidly concerned with behaviors defined strictly in terms of observable stimuli and responses. Orthodox behaviorists thought it unproductive to deal with consciousness, feeling, attention, or even motivation.
By concentrating only on observable actions, behaviorists asked: What can an organism do, and how does it do it? Indeed, careful quantitative analysis of stimuli and responses has contributed greatly to our understanding of the acquisition and use of "implicit" knowledge of perceptual and motor skills. However, humans and other higher animals also have "explicit" knowledge of facts and events. Thus we also need to ask: What does the animal know about the world, and how does it come to know it? How is that knowledge represented in the brain? And does explicit knowledge differ from implicit knowledge? Much perhaps most, knowledge is unconscious a great deal of the time. We need to know the nature of the unconscious processes, the systems that mediate them, and their influence on the nature of conscious mental activity. Finally, we need to know about the highest realms of conscious knowledge, the knowledge of oneself as an individual, a thinking and feeling human being.
The modern effort to understand the neural mechanisms of higher mental functions began at the end of the 18th century when Franz Joseph Gall, a German neuroanatomist, proposed that particular mental functions are discretely localized in the brain. By the mid-19th century, clinical neurologists, who regarded their patients as "natural experiments" in brain function, studied brain lesions at autopsy to discover where particular brain functions were located. In 1861, Pierre Paul Broca, using evidence from the damaged brains of aphasic patients, convinced the scientific establishment that speech is controlled by a specific area of the left frontal lobe. Soon afterward the control of voluntary movement was localized, and the various primary sensory cortices for vision, audition, somatic sensation, and taste were delineated.
Neural science is only beginning to analyze the nature of the internal representations that cognitive psychologists have insisted intervenes between stimulus and response, and the very real dynamic unconscious mental processes studied by psychoanalysts—only now beginning to address the subjective sense of individuality, will, and purpose that is common to us all. In the past, ascribing a particular behavioral feature to a mental process that could not be directly observed meant that the process must be excluded from study because no reliable technique was available to examine brain function in the context of behavior. In Part IX, we show that because the nervous system and even its unconscious mental processes have become more accessible to behavioral experiments, internal representations of experience can be explored in a controlled manner.
A key concern of cognitive psychology and psychoanalysis is the relative importance of genetic and learned factors in forming a mental representation of the world. These disciplines can be strengthened by the insights into behavior that neuroscience now offers. The task for the years ahead is to produce a psychology still concerned with problems of mental representation, cognitive dynamics, and subjective states of mind but grounded firmly in empirical neural science.
Chapter 60 Language
Chapter 61 Disorders of Conscious and Unconscious Mental Processes
Chapter 62 Disorders of Thought and Volition: Schizophrenia
Chapter 63 Disorders of Mood and Anxiety
Chapter 64 Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders Affecting Cognition
Chapter 65 Learning and Memory
Chapter 66 Cellular Mechanisms of Implicit Memory Storage and the Biological Basis of Individuality
Chapter 67 Prefrontal Cortex, Hippocampus, and the Biology of Explicit Memory Storage


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Ways of Finding the Best Public and Private Schools
The people are encouraged to search for the right schools which can offer teachings to the learners in the proper way. The individuals are looking for the proper learning institutions where the kids can study in the best manner. There are two types of schools where the students learn including public and private schools. All the public schools are owned by the government an also endorsed by the government sectors. Many individuals require the best learning centers where they can obtain the best education. There are many techniques which helps the people to Find a School. The report describes the right methods which are useful for obtaining the best public and private schools.
At first, it is recommended that the people should seek guidance from the agencies which offer the services for school search. There are many companies which enable the people to find the best public and private schools. The firms have programs which aid in accessing the right public and private schools where the students can learn. The school search agencies enable the people to get updates about the best public and private schools.
Secondly, the people are supposed to research on the best public and private schools. The investigations are crucial since offer latest information about the right public and private schools. Research enable the people to determine the public and private schools which performs well. The network resources should be used at all the time since they supply sufficient information about the best public and private schools.
The individuals are encouraged to communicate with the referrals available to easily identify the right public and private schools which are more reliable. Many people know the best public and private schools. The references are helpful since they make it easy for people to find the right public and private schools. The consultations made from the references are beneficial since they assist in fast access to the best private and public schools. Consultations are vital since they aid in accessing the most reliable learning centers.
It is advisable for the individuals to search for the public and private schools which enable the students to learn in a good way and perform well in the national examinations. There exists a wide range of schools which produce different results for the examinations undertaken by the students. The people are encouraged to look for public and private schools which help the students to performs well in their examination.