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research workshop
RESEARCH WORKSHOP ON BLOCKCHAIN
Global Trade and Blockchain Forum
New technologies are shaping the way we work and trade. One technology in particular, blockchain, keeps making the headlines. How transformative could this technology be for international trade? What is its potential and what are the challenges that come with its deployment?
Geneva, WTO Headquarters - Room CRI
Economic research and analysis
The event will present various use cases that aim at facilitating international trade using blockchain, from trade finance, to transportation and logistics, border procedures, and agriculture. It will discuss how this technology can be used in IP intensive industries and what we can do to avoid creating unnecessary standards-related barriers to trade in blockchain and other emerging digital technologies. It will also explore the implications of the rise of blockchain and other digital technologies for developing countries and review what could be done to ensure that they reap the benefits that these technologies open. Finally, it will provide an opportunity to discuss the role of international organizations in promoting a regulatory and policy framework conducive to the deployment of this technology while mitigating the risks that may arise.
WTO Deputy-Director General Xiaozhun Yi
Master of ceremony: Emmanuelle Ganne, Senior Analyst, Economic Research and Statistics Division, World Trade Organization
Remarks by the ICC on behalf of the WTO-ICC partnership on Blockchain
Nikolaus Schultze, Director of Policy and Global Affairs, International Chamber of Commerce
Marwan Alzarouni, Member of the Dubai Future Council for Blockchain Technology and CEO of the Dubai Blockchain Center
Helen Kopman, Deputy Head of Digital Innovation & Blockchain at the European Commission
10.50-11.30 - Session 1
What is Blockchain and DLT?
This session will present the main characteristics of Blockchain.
Virginia Cram Martos, UN/CEFACT Domain Coordinator, International Trade Procedures Domain
Towards frictionless trade? The private sector perspective
International trade remains labour and paper-intensive. This session will explore how private sector companies are using the technology to remove frictions from international trade, with a particular focus on trade finance and transportation and logistics.
Deepesh Patel, Director of Partnerships and Marketing, Trade Finance Global
Alisa Di Caprio, Head of Trade and Supply Chain, R3
Bob Gravestijn, Platform innovator at Deliver, ABN-Amro
Dale Chrystie, Business Fellow, Blockchain Strategist, FedEx
Louise Wiggett, CEO Global Trade Solutions, South Africa
Facilitating commodity trade through blockchain
This session will focus on the use of blockchain technology in agriculture and agricultural trade. The blockchain technology might be a real game changer in the agricultural sector where it can be used for a range of purposes such as improving food traceability, speeding up transactions, facilitating access to credit, creating new market places or facilitating food transport. The use of this technology will therefore help to improve production, connect producers with buyers and smooth trade flows. The speakers will be looking at the different uses of this technology through specific examples.
Eleni Androulaki, Strategic Communications Consultant/ former Global Head of Communication, Louis Dreyfus Company
Douglas Court, Clients Relations Manager, Komgo
Lingling Wei, Chair of Board of trustees and Professor, AgriGarden Protected Horticulture Technology Co. Ltd. and National Agricultural Science Innovation Park of CAAS
Pierre Kauffmann, Blockchain leader for Switzerland, IBM
Ruidan Chen, General Manager, AgriGarden Protected Horticulture Technology Co. Ltd.
Vincent Minna, Director of Global Trade Commodity Solutions, Bunge
Trade facilitation in action
Bureaucratic delays and inefficient border procedures continue to impose significant costs on businesses. Trade facilitation—the simplification, modernization and harmonization of export and import processes—has therefore emerged as a key focus of trade policy. Can the blockchain technology facilitate border procedures? This session will explore the opportunities that the technology could open and discuss various use cases.
Khalil Haddad, Director of Strategy and Development, Dubai Chamber of Commerce
Maria Ceccarelli, OiC Director, Economic Cooperation and Trade Division, UNECE
Marloes Pomp, Program Officer for Blockchain, Dutch Government
Pashupati. N. Pandey, Senior Technical Officer, Compliance & Facilitation Directorate, World Customs Organization
Sin Yong Loh, Director, Trade and Connectivity Cluster, Infocomm Media Development Authority, Singapore
TBT, standards and Industry 4.0: Blockchain and emerging technologies
This session will explore linkages between trade, standards, the TBT Agreement, and emerging technologies, such as the Internet of Things and Autonomous Systems, with emphasis on Blockchain. It will focus on how to avoid creating unnecessary standards-related barriers to trade in these emerging technologies, including through regulatory cooperation and alignment to relevant international standards.
Moderator: Devin McDaniels, Trade and Environment Division, World Trade Organization
Bo Jing, Staff Software Engineer, Baidu Blockchain System Department, Baidu
Bridie Ohlsson, CEO, Geora (representing Standards Australia)
Deborah Prince, Program Manager, Exploration & Development, Underwriters Laboratories
Leila Afas, Director, International Public Policy, Toyota North America
Blockchain and intellectual property
Intellectual property protection, in particular patent protection, is crucial to the development and deployment of blockchain technology. In recent years, the number of patent applications for blockchain related innovations have been growing rapidly. Meanwhile blockchain technology is finding its applications in intellectual property protection and management, while its true potential has yet to be reached. This session will introduce the current patent landscape of blockchain related innovations, its trends and new challenges arising. It will present a few real-world applications of blockchain technology in IP intensive industries, that shows how these industries can benefit from blockchain technology in the future.
Moderator: Xiaoping Wu, Counsellor, Intellectual Property, Government Procurement and Competition Division, World Trade Organization
Bart Verschoor, CEO, Seal
Edward Elliott, IP information Officer, WIPO
Marc Kaufman, Partner, Rimon PC, Blockchain IP Council
Martin Devlin, Assistant Director at IP Australia
From lagging behind to leapfrogging: Ensuring inclusive tech in the developing world
The session will focus on current and future opportunities and challenges for strengthening the use of digital solutions, including the application of blockchain, in developing countries and the LDCs. It will provide an opportunity to explore regulatory precedents, concerns, and responses to the changes brought about by new technologies. The panel discussion will include the different roles of stakeholder groups and partnerships, and the alliances required for LDCs to benefit more fully from digital technologies.
Marilia Maciel, Digital Policy Senior Researcher, DiploFoundation
Christian Pauletto, Associate Professor, International University in Geneva
Eliza Niewidomska, Senior Counsel, EBRD
Quan Zhao, Trade Policy Advisor, International Trade Centre
Steve Doyle, Principal Technical Architect, GSMA.
The way forward: What role for international trade cooperation? How best to promote an enabling policy environment?
This session will discuss governance and regulatory issues and explore the role of governments and international organizations in enabling the development of a policy environment conducive to the deployment of technology in international trade. It will discuss potential follow-up actions.
Enrico Camerinelli, Senior Analyst at Aite Group
Presentation of recommendations having emerged from the Global Trade and Blockchain platform (David Bischof, Deputy Director, Finance for Development, International Chamber of Commerce ( Presentation)).
Donia Hammami, Cross-border Trade & Policy Expert
Hanna Norberg, independent trade policy advisor and the founder of TradeEconomista.com
Hans Huber, Senior DLT project lead, Commerzbank
Nicholas Niggli, Deputy Secretary General, Republic and Canton of Geneva
Pashupati Nath Pandey is a Senior Technical Officer with the Facilitation and Compliance Directorate of the World Customs Organization. He is currently working in the area of the Digital Customs, emerging technologies, E-Commerce, supply chain security and trade facilitation. Prior to joining the WCO, during his 15 year-long career with the Indian Customs Administration and Consulate General of India, Hong Kong, Mr. Pandey occupied a number of managerial positions in various domains including Customs modernization, trade facilitation, risk assessment and enforcement, as well as bi-lateral and multi-lateral cooperation.
Marloes Pomp is the Initiator and Program Officer for the Blockchain and AI projects within the Dutch Government, including projects in the field of digital identities, logistics, healthcare, finance and food. She is also responsible for the international partnerships of the Dutch Blockchain Coalition and the Dutch AI Coalition. Both coalitions are a jointly developed partnership by government, industry and knowledge institutions. Together they have a leading role and joint responsibility for the success of the solving societal challenges and making a major contribution to new economic activities.
In addition, she serves as an advisory member for the SIDN Fund, the Dutch Court, The Blockchain and Society Board of the University of Amsterdam (VU) and the Research Foundation Flanders.
As the Director for International Public Policy, Leila is responsible for developing and executing strategies to further Toyota's global business goals. She collaborates across the company's vertical and horizontal teams to develop and advocate positions on key policy issues. Leila also provides insight on geopolitical trends and market developments to Toyota's senior leadership.
Leila most recently served as an appointee for President Obama at the U.S. Trade and Development Agency (USTDA), where she advanced economic growth in emerging markets through the export of critical U.S. technologies and equipment.
Previously, Leila served as USTDA's Country Manager for the Middle East and Africa, managing a multimillion-dollar portfolio of grant funds for infrastructure projects. She also held senior roles in management consulting, helping clients around the world improve efficiency, increase FDI and advance economic growth.
Leila began her career at the U.S. Trust Company in New York, where she executed trades and managed overdrafts for asset management accounts over US$3.1 billion. She has also advised the World Economic Forum during their Annual Meetings for three consecutive years.
Leila earned a Masters degree in international economics from Columbia University where she was awarded a Program Assistant Fellowship. She also earned a B.A. in Political Science and English from James Madison University.
Doug is part of the growth team at komgo, responsible for sales, onboarding, client relations and customer success. With a 10+ year background in external relations, partnership building and community management in the ICT / tech sector, Doug has worked extensively at the intersection of tech startup – corporate collaboration, delivering growth / innovation strategies and supporting data and impact driven decision-making for c-level management in both large and small organizations.
Dale Chrystie, Vice President for Strategic Planning and Analysis, Fedex
Dale Chrystie is business fellow and blockchain strategist for FedEx, based in the Memphis area. He also serves as chairman of the Blockchain in Transport Alliance (BiTA) Standards Council, and is a member of the Blockchain Research Institute. He was awarded the inaugural Enterprise Blockchain Award in Enterprise & Industry Leadership. Dale's career in transportation began more than 30 years ago at Con-way, Inc. From there, he joined American Freightways, which would eventually become FedEx Freight. In addition to his work leading the first proof of concept at FedEx using Blockchain technology, he has extensive experience in strategy, quality, process improvement, portfolio management, human resources, operations, sales, education, risk, and standards development. He holds a degree in education from the University of Arkansas, with an emphasis in teaching adults.
Bob Gravestijn is an intrapreneur who helps organisations build and grow new business ideas, with focus on quality, efficiency and value. Trained originally as physicist, he has a unique 20+ year background as a consultant for thought leaders within telecommunication, automotive, governmental and financial services. As a business developer he helps ABN AMRO Bank to create and improve business value for the bank's customers with blockchain technology. Recently, he participated in commodity trade blockchain projects that became successful startups; VAKT and komgo. Now he works in the Ð?LIV?R project which has the goal to be a neutral innovative global trade business collaboration tool; an open, decentralised platform infrastructure reshaping supply chain management and facilitating innovations in the supply chain. Ð?LIV?R is a collaboration between the Port of Rotterdam, Samsung SDS and ABN AMRO Bank.
Alisa DiCaprio is the Head of Trade and Supply Chain at R3 in New York City. In addition to strategy, she also covers trade governance and global standards initiatives. She joined from Asian Development Bank where she was a senior economist working on digital trade, trade finance and innovation. She has also worked in both the public and private sectors on export promotion, trade negotiations, and labor issues.
She co-chairs the BAFT Innovation Council and chairs the FinTech working group for the US Department of Commerce's Trade Finance Advisory Council. She has worked in Cambodia, Chile, Finland, Japan, the Philippines, Thailand, and the US. Her PhD is from MIT, and she holds a BA and MA from Johns Hopkins University.
Bart is founder of Seal Network, an award-winning blockchain company that set out to create a global product authenticity and services platform, founded on the belief that by building better products, we can build a better world. Seal Network won an award at the Blockathon, a challenge to build the next-generation blockchain-based anticounterfeiting infrastructure for Europe organized by the EUIPO, and took part in a trade mission to the United States with Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands and state secretary Mona Keijzer.
Prior to Seal Network, Bart worked for Dell, Bloomsix and Deloitte. His talent for innovation enabled him to work on projects in IOT, robotics and blockchain. He is a member of Mensa and holds a Master in Marketing Intelligence completing the honours leadership track at the University of Groningen. Born as the son of an artist-product designer, his family fell victim to counterfeiters, strengthening his resolve to fight for makers.
Deborah Prince started her career in Standards with UL in 1995. She worked in Standards operations for approximately 6 years, starting as a standards staff person writing safety standards. In 2001, she moved over to Global Standards where she was involved in implementing the STP standards development process and began working as an STP Chair. Currently, she is the Standards Program Manager and Chair of UL's IoT suite of standards which include, cyber security, autonomous systems robotics, and AR/VR as well as other emerging areas.
Deepesh Patel is Director of Partnerships & Marketing at Trade Finance Global (TFG). In this role, Deepesh leads efforts in developing TFG's brand, relationships and strategic direction in key markets, including the UK, US, Singapore, Dubai and Hong Kong. This includes TFG's fintech platform and blockchain projects. Deepesh regularly chairs and speaks at international industry events including at the World Trade Organization Public Forum, The Telegraph's Future of Trade & Export, BCR Consortia, TXF Geneva, Excred Commodities, as well as FCI and ITFA's Annual Conference.
He is a regular contributor to specialist trade journals and is Editor of the publication 'Trade Finance Talks'. In addition to his work at TFG, he is a strategic advisor for WOA, a board member of ITFA's Emerging Leaders Committee, and sits on the Fintech Working Group of the Standardised Trust.
Prior to TFG, Deepesh worked at Travelex where he was responsible for the cards business and the Travelex Money app in Europe, NAM, UK and Brazil.
Senior Industry Research Analyst. Current research focuses on Global Transaction Banking, Supply Chain Finance, Blockchain and Corporate Treasury systems.
Mr. Camerinelli has also held the position of VP for Enterprise Applications at META Group- a research company. For more than 10 years, before covering the position of pre-sales marketing manager at J.D. Edwards, he worked in the industry as Supply Chain and Plant Manager.
Founding member of the Supply Chain Finance Community and member of the Italian delegation at the United Nations Center for Electronic Commerce and Trade Facilitation, Mr. Camerinelli is widely quoted by publications ranging from American Banker to the Financial Times. He has spoken at leading trade shows and conferences in Europe, including Sibos and EuroFinance.
Dr. Hanna C. Norberg is an independent trade policy advisor, founder of TradeEconomista, Co-Director of DigitalTradePolicy.com and a #TradeExperettes Instigator.
She holds a Ph.D. in International Economics from Lund University, Sweden, with the thesis largely written during an extended study visit to Columbia University and the NBER office in NY. Primary academic research interests are trade, trade policy, economic integration and development.
Apart from her work as university lecturer and researcher, Hanna has substantial experience in applied economics doing numerous trade policy impact assessment projects for the European Commission (FTAs covering major parts of the world e.g. T-TIP, Japan, ASEAN, Korea, various MENA countries, Mercosur), ECFIN, OECD, WTO and national governments. She has considerable practical experience, working on implementing FTAs, surveying exporting SMEs, and economic development thru private public partnerships. She is currently involved in projects on digital protectionism, cross border data flows, and the effects of blockchain on trade.
Khalil is an executive management advisor specialized in Strategy and Operations. He has more than 15 years of experience working with organizations to identify and develop differentiators, identify and shape opportunities, create and enhance business value, control cost and improve productivity. During his career, Khalil has successfully led and supported organization to set and achieve strategies including cost optimization, expansion and turnaround. He has worked in several industries including oil and gas, heavy industries, retail, real estate and logistics.
Khalil is the head of strategy and development division of Dubai Chamber, where he oversees projects and initiatives related economic development including competitiveness, enhancing ease and cost of doing business, business promotion and attraction, policy planning and development and sectorial development.
Before joining the chamber Khalil worked in other reputable organizations including PWC, E&Y and BCG.
Khalil holds a Masters of Innovation and Entrepreneurship – from Stanford University, Masters of Business Administration from New York University and a B. Sc. In Industrial Engineering/ Engineering Management from the University of Jordan.
As the founder and Managing Director of Global Trade Solution, she has more than 25 years' experience in the International Trade and international Supply Chain and Logistics environment. The objective of Louise and her competent team at GTS is to provide consulting service combined with innovative solutions to enable the optimization of the international trade, supply chain and logistical environment. Linking all the different trade partners in the international supply chain as well as all the various statutory organizations is a primary drive for the GTS team. The various statutory bodies include the Customs and Port Authorities as well as the Other Government Agencies who focus on the related aspects of international trade including food safety, standards and health.
GTS has adopted blockchain technology as a primary disruptor in the International Trade and Supply Chain environment. The GTS team is championing a number of blockchain initiatives with various industry role players to help shape the future of the industry and to modernize the international trade and supply chain landscape.
Petya Sechanova, Trade Execution Leader, Cargill
Petya has 20 years of experience in multinational companies across diverse industries: Consulting, IT, Logistics, Commodity Trading & Operations.
Petya joined Cargill in 2009 and after several leadership roles and international assignments in the agricultural commodities trade operations domain became the Global Trade Operations Leader for Cargill Agricultural Supply Chain.
Petya is currently involved in the agri digitalization initiative by Archer Daniels Midland Company (ADM), Bunge Limited, Cargill Incorporated, Louis Dreyfus Company, Cofco International and Glencore Agriculture to modernise and digitalize the global agricultural post-trade processes.
Prior Cargill Petya worked in the headquarters of DHL in Belgium being responsible for product development and marketing of DHL's road logistics services.
Petya has Master's Degree in International Business and MBA degree from SDA Bocconi University in Milan, Italy.
As the Director for Trade in IMDA, Sin Yong is responsible for transforming trade (Wholesale Trade, Trade Finance, and Logistics) sectors using ICM technologies to enhance the sectors' competitiveness in the global market.
Sin Yong has more than 25 years of professional IT and extensive leadership experience in Trade Facilitation, Logistics, and Maritime domains, with international exposures in China, South East Asia and South Asia markets.
Before joining IMDA, Sin Yong spent more than 11 years in CrimsonLogic where he most recently served as Senior Director, Asia. In addition to leading the Strategic Account Management team to deepen customer intimacy and cultivating new opportunities, he was responsible for creating and driving business strategies in the region. Prior to this recent role, he was the General Manager of CrimsonLogic eTrade Services Pte Ltd (a fully owned subsidiary of CrimsonLogic Pte Ltd) and his team was responsible for offering innovative and secured electronic connectivity solutions to the trade and logistics industry.
Before joining CrimsonLogic, Sin Yong spent more than 8 years with PSA Corporation (previously the Port of Singapore Authority).
Joined Bunge Global Markets in April 2001 as Director of Administration and Special Projects and was the one of the handful pioneers who set up the office of Bunge in Geneva. Since 2005, Vincent has been named Director of Finance and Trade Executions and beginning of 2013 named CFO for the MENA Region and the areas covered by the Geneva Trading Desks in general.
Since 2018, Vincent has been named Director of Global Trade Commodity Solutions and he is devoting a large part of his time to the Initiative Group project sponsored by the ABCCDG.
Prior to joining Bunge, Vincent held the position of Group Controller of Addax & Oryx Group, a petrochemical group mainly active in Africa. Previous to this, he held various senior positions at Continental Grain European HQ in Geneva where he was ultimately the European Controller.
Eleni Androulaki, Strategic Communications Consultant. Former Head of Communication, Louis Dreyfus Company.
Eleni Androulaki has a 20-year track record of driving communications efforts across the private and non-profit sectors. She works closely with Board members, C-suite executives and global cross-functional teams to realize organizational goals and create lasting impact through compelling communication strategies. Between 2013-2018 she was Global Head of Communication at leading agribusiness firm Louis Dreyfus Company in Geneva. Prior to that she held various global, regional and local communications roles at WWF International, Microsoft and Hill & Knowlton Strategies. Her international experience ranges from commodities, information technology and FMCGs to intellectual property, automotive and the environment. A Greek national, she holds a Master's degree in European Politics and Administration from the College of Europe in Bruges (Belgium), a Diploma in European Studies from the University of Vienna and a BA in English Studies from the University of Athens. She has lived and worked in Switzerland for the past 12 years.
Emmanuelle Ganne, Senior Analyst, Economic Research and Statistics Division, World Trade Organization (WTO)
Emmanuelle Ganne is Senior Analyst in the Economic Research and Statistics Division of the World Trade Organization (WTO) where she leads WTO work on Blockchain. She is the author of a recently published book entitled "Can Blockchain Revolutionize International Trade?" and is a regular speaker at blockchain events. Ms. Ganne is a member of the government advisory board of the International Association of Trusted Blockchain Applications (INATBA). Ms. Ganne also leads WTO work on micro, small and medium side enterprises. Prior to this, she various positions at the WTO, including as Counselor to Director-General Pascal Lamy, and in the Accessions Division where she assessed trade policies of governments wishing to join the WTO and advised them on how to improve their business environment. From 2015 to 2017, she held the position of Vice-President and Managing Director for Europe at the Allam Advisory Group (AAG), a team of former C-level executives and senior diplomats that specializes in helping businesses expand their operations globally. Ms. Ganne is a 2009 Yale World Fellow.
Marc Kaufman is an intellectual property attorney based in Washington, DC. Marc concentrates his practice on patent strategy in the technology areas of Fintech, database technology, content distribution, and computer security. Over the last several years, Marc has actively monitored and analysed the emerging patent landscape related to blockchain technology and cryptocurrency. Marc is a co-founder of the Blockchain IP Council. Marc has spoken throughout the world, authored many articles, and been quoted in notable publications such as the New York Times, the Boston Globe, Forbes, Newsweek, and the Patent Trademark & Copyright Journal. Mr. Kaufman has been named to the IAM 350 Top Patent Strategists every year since its inception.
Xiaoping Wu, Counsellor, WTO
Mrs. Xiaoping Wu is Counsellor in the Intellectual Property, Government Procurement and Competition Division of the World Trade Organization (WTO), and has held this position from 2006.
She undertakes work in the area of the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement) with a focus on patent policy and legal issues in the sectors of biotechnology, information and communication technology (ICT), and emerging technologies. She is also responsible for review of WTO Members' national IP legislation and transfer of technology to least developed countries (LDCs). She participates as a speaker in numerous WTO technical assistance and capacity building activities on IP and the TRIPS Agreement.
Mrs. Wu joined the WTO Secretariat as a Legal Affairs Officer in 2002. Prior to joining the WTO Secretariat, she had served as an Assistant Judge in the Shanghai Intermediate Court, and also worked as an attorney-at-law in a law firm in China.
Mrs. Wu obtained a LL.B. from the East China Institute of Politics and Law, a Master degree in civil law from Peking University Law School, and a LL.M. degree in IP law from George Washington University Law School.
Quan Zhao, Trade in Services Advisor, International Trade Centre
Mr. Quan Zhao is trade in services advisor in the Office of the Chief Economist, International Trade Centre (ITC). His main portfolio at the ITC includes policy research and project management in the areas of trade in services, e-commerce, digital economy and cross-border investment. He also advises the senior management on the trade and investment issues in the context of the G20 and BRICS.
Prior to joining the ITC, Mr. Zhao served as a trade negotiator and diplomat at the Permanent Mission of China to the World Trade Organization and the Ministry of Commerce of China. He has served as the Chair for WTO's Committee on Trade in Financial Services, and China's lead services negotiator in China-Peru, China-Costa Rica and China-Pakistan FTAs.
Martin Devlin, Assistant Director, International Policy & Cooperation, IP Australia
Martin Devlin is an Assistant Director of International Policy at IP Australia.
Mr Devlin has worked for IP Australia for 8 years. He has a strong background in patents with experience in both examination and policy. Currently, Mr Devlin contributes to the development and strategic direction of domestic and international IP policy and has experience across a broad range of IP issues.
Mr Devlin has represented the agency at several meetings at WIPO on patents under the PCT Working Group and the Standing Committee on the Law of Patents. He regularly attends international negotiations on the protection of indigenous knowledge under the WIPO IGC and provides technical input into FTA negotiations.
Christian Pauletto, Prof, International University in Geneva (IUG)
Prof. Christian Pauletto teaches at the International University in Geneva (IUG) in the Master's in International Relations and Diplomacy and in the Master's in International Trade. From 1990 to 2018 he was a Swiss negotiator with responsibilities in an array of positions in foreign economic affairs in international fora (United Nations, WTO, OECD) and bilateral relations. He was Swiss chief negotiator for trade in services and electronic commerce, in charge of the Doha negotiations and bilateral negotiations. He was posted at the Swiss Mission to the EU in Brussels, responsible for Swiss-EU sectoral negotiations. He was the Swiss representative in the Middle East Peace Process (Madrid Process 1993-1995), in energy affairs including the International Energy Agency and the European Energy Charter Treaty, and in environment issues including the negotiation of the UN Climate Change Convention and the 1992 Rio Earth Summit.
David Bischof, Deputy Director, Finance for Development, International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), ICC Banking Commission
The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) is the world's largest business organization representing more than 45 million companies in over 100 countries. ICC's core mission is to make business work for everyone, every day, everywhere.
As Deputy Director, David Bischof oversees diverse areas of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) Finance for Development Hub, a global forum for the trade finance community. He leads a range of projects and strategic initiatives on trade and trade finance, such as the ICC Trade Register project. As of 2017, he has added responsibility of setting up and running ICC's working group on digitalization of trade finance. In addition, David was recently appointed to co-lead ICC's newly created working group on Blockchain. In that capacity, David is part of the founding team of ICC's digital trade standards initiative (DSI) aiming at leading efforts to digitize trade, notably by the creation of open trade and technology standards to promote interoperability among the numerous blockchain networks and technology platforms.
David is from Switzerland and holds a Master's degree in International Affairs and Governance from the University of St. Gallen (HSG). He previously studied at Sciences Po Institute, Paris and the University of Geneva.
Hans Huber, Trade Finance Innovation Project Management, Commerzbank AG
Hans has in 25 years held a variety of roles in logistics, finance, and marketing mostly running complex IT projects and bridging between business and technology. He has worked in Germany, the UK, Japan and the US.
Since early 2017 Hans has contributed to building the Distributed Ledger Technology Lab of Commerzbank. He was among the key people driving the Universal Trade Network, now known as ICC Digital Standards Initiative.
Helen Köpman, Deputy Head of Unit Digital Innovation and Blockchain, European Commission, Directorate General Communications, Networks, Content & Technology
Helen Köpman is Deputy Head of Unit for Digital Innovation & Blockchain, at DG Communications Networks, Content and Technology at the European Commission in Brussels. The unit elaborates policy initiatives under the Digital single Market to support digital innovation, blockchain and growth of startups and include Startup Europe, ICT standardisation and Innovation Procurement. The unit leads along with DG FISMA, the European Commission Task Force on Financial Technology. Previously, Ms Köpman held the position of Deputy Head of Unit, managing EC supported research and innovation in the area of ICT applied to mobility. She also worked in the area of International Scientific Cooperation. She has a M.Sc. in Applied Physics and Electrical Engineering, from the University of Linköping, Sweden. Ms Köpman joined the European Commission in 2003 following a thorough industrial experience in the management of ICT service development in international companies that include Infonet, AT&T Unisource and Cap Gemini.
Stephen Doyle, Principal Technical Architect – IoT Capabilities, GSM Association
Stephen Doyle is Principal Technical Architect for GSMA covering topics in the IoT related to Big Data, Machine Learning/ AI and distributed ledgers. A graduate in Computer Systems Engineering from the University of Warwick in the UK he has worked for a range of IT and Telecoms companies comprising equipment manufacturers, mobile operators, and application/ service developers. Since 1994 Stephen has worked in the Mobile Industry mainly in the areas of applications and services and is particularly experienced in the definition, development and usage of web/mobile APIs. For GSMA he has been leading system architecture and implementations regarding use of Big Data and Machine Learning related to IoT, also the application of distributed ledgers to the IOT and other areas of mobile networks.
Virginia Cram-Martos, CEO, Triangularity SáRL
In addition to being the CEO of Triangularity SàRL, which supports economic development through research and consulting on innovation, e-commerce and trade, Ms. Cram-Martos provides expert support to a range of technology activities. This includes being leader of the Blockchain white paper project of the United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation and Electronic Business (UN/CEFACT) and co-leader of another white paper project on the Internet of Things and Trade Facilitation. In addition, she participates in blockchain fora organized by ITU, ISO, the European Union and the World Economic Forum.
Prior to Triangularity, she worked for 25 years at the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, 11 of which as the Director responsible for: trade facilitation, global UN electronic business standards, regulatory cooperation, national innovation frameworks and public-private partnerships.
She holds an MBA from the University of Chicago and a Masters in Finance from the Université Catholique de Louvain in Belgium.
Nikolaus Schultze, Global Director Policy, International Chamber of Commerce
Director of Policy and Global Affairs at ICC, Nikolaus has broad international experience in both the public and private sectors and has first-rate knowledge of international affairs, policy engagement and private sector engagement.
Marilia Maciel is a Digital Policy Senior Researcher at DiploFoundation. She is involved in several Internet- governance-related projects, notably on the fields of e-commerce, artificial intelligence and cybersecurity. Prior to joining Diplo, Ms Marília Maciel was a researcher and coordinator of the Center for Technology and Society of the Getulio Vargas Foundation (CTS/FGV) in Rio de Janeiro. Marília is a PhD candidate at the University of Bordeaux Montaigne. She holds an MA in Latin American Integration from the Federal University of Santa Maria (2008) and a law degree from the Federal University of Pernambuco (2005), where she was awarded a research grant to investigate issues related to taxation and electronic commerce.
Eliza Niewiadomska, Senior Counsel, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
Passionate policy adviser with more than 15 years of professional experience, combining a strong procurement and governance expertise with a deep knowledge of international regulatory standards, EU acquis as well as design and management of the IT, infrastructure and technical cooperation projects. Lawyer and economist, Eliza holds postgraduate degrees from the Warsaw University, Poland and the University College London and King's College in the United Kingdom.
Since joining the European Bank of Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) in 2009, Eliza has initiated and is currently Operation Leader for EBRD UNCITRAL Public Procurement Initiative, Digital Transformation Lab and EBRD GPA Technical Cooperation Facility. Before that, Eliza worked for Polish Government during Poland's accession to the European Union and upon leaving civil service, as a general counsel in the IT industry. Prior to joining the EBRD, Eliza was Head of Procurement at power&energy company, PGE Polska Grupa Energetyczna SA in Warsaw, Poland.
Devin McDaniels, Economic Affairs Officer, WTO
Devin McDaniels is Economic Affairs Officer in the Trade and Environment Division of the World Trade Organization. He is the deputy-Secretary of the WTO Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. Since joining the WTO in 2011, he has worked on issues at the intersection of standards, regulation and trade. He holds degrees in economics, international relations and environmental policy from the University of British Columbia and the University of Oxford.
Bo Jing, staff software engineer in Baidu Blockchain System Department, has a deep understanding of cryptography, privacy security and lightweight node technology. He also has many patents in the field of blockchain core technology. He graduated from Wuhan University with a bachelor's degree and obtained his master's degree in Dublin City University, Ireland. He has played a key role in the tech team to help open source the code of Baidu "XuperChain", release Baidu blockchain BaaS, SaaS services and other commercial products. Now these blockchain products have been successfully used in the Tianping Chain(an electronic evidence platform) of Beijing Internet Court, clearing system of Aibank.com, RTB advertising effect tracking and other scenes.
Bridie Ohlsson, CEO, Geora
Leading the growth and direction of Geora, Bridie is passionate about using technology to meet sustainable development goals and connect farmers with financial and digital systems globally.
Since 2016, Bridie has navigated the intersection of blockchain and agriculture heading up external relations and the blockchain pilot program at AgriDigital. On the basis of this work, Bridie authored use cases in a range of publications including CSRIO Data61's Architecture for Blockchain Applications as well as in the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations' e-Agriculture publication Blockchain for Agriculture, Opportunities and Challenges.
Bridie is an active member of the Standards Australia Blockchain Technical Committee – Smart Contracts Working Group (IT-041) and is a regular speaker on blockchain at conferences globally.
Bridie holds a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Sydney and a Bachelor of Arts studying at both the University of Sydney and Sciences Po, Paris.
Maria Rosaria Ceccarelli, Chief of Trade Facilitation Section, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE)
Maria Rosaria Ceccarelli has more than 21 years of experience in Trade & Transport Facilitation and electronic Business within UNECE where she is Chief of the Trade Facilitation Section and OiC Director of the Economic Cooperation and Trade Division. She is responsible among other of the United Nations Centre for Trade Facilitation and electronic Business (UN/CEFACT). She manages a group of some 1000 experts working on Trade Facilitation and eBusiness projects to produce Trade Facilitation Recommendations and eBusiness standards, that can foster growth in international trade and related services. Under her supervision UN/CEFACT is working at the moment on more than 30 projects on Trade Facilitation and eBusiness across the all value chain including projects on Blockchain and Internet-of-Things.
Nicholas C. Niggli, Deputy Secretary General, Republic and State of Geneva, Department of Economic Development
Nicholas C. Niggli is currently Deputy Secretary General, Republic and State of Geneva, Department of Economic Development. Building strategic, high-value partnerships and reinforcing Geneva as a premier global hub for innovative digital governance as well as for sustainable finance are two of his main areas of responsibility. Since 2018, Nicholas is also Chairman of the Greater Geneva Bern Area (GGBa), which implements Western Switzerland's economic and investment promotion strategy. Since 2012, Nicholas has been lecturing on complex negotiation dynamics, leadership, intercultural communication and the future of international trade and global governance as part of the INP Executive Master at the Graduate Institute of International & Development Studies.
From 2013 to 2017, Nicholas was Head, Economic, Finance, Science & Innovation Section at the Embassy of Switzerland in the UK. Nicholas also oversaw the Swiss Business Hub UK and Ireland during his time at the Embassy. From 2014 to 2017, Nicholas has been Chairman of the Association of Economic Representatives in London (AERL), a platform for dialogue between high-level representatives of industry, policy-makers and government, including through the establishment of strategic partnerships with think-tanks.
From March 2002 to April 2013, Nicholas was part of Switzerland's trade diplomacy service and was based at the Permanent Mission of Switzerland to the WTO & EFTA. Nicholas was Coordinator and Vice-Chairman of the Task Force for the organisation of the 2009 and 2011 WTO Ministerial Conferences. In 2011, he was also a Member of the team of Swiss diplomats successfully mediating between Georgia and Russia. From 2007 to 2012, Nicholas was Chairman of the WTO Government Procurement Agreement (GPA). In 2009, Nicholas concluded a landmark diplomatic mediation between China and Chinese Taipei. By 2011 he had led negotiations to improve disciplines for this key world economy sector, concluding a decade-long process involving 42 countries.
Marwan Alzarouni, Member of the Dubai Future Council for Blockchain Technology, CEO of Dubai Blockchain Center
The council is tasked to share knowledge and vision for blockchain technology and to find solutions to various foreseeable challenges for its adoption. The council is also responsible for launching initiatives and strategies to create future opportunities for blockchain based transformation.
Mr. Alzarouni's role in the council is to study the impact of blockchain technology as well as explore the factors that can make multi-stakeholder projects succeed or fail. He is also studying the best approach to cryptocurrency and digital asset adoption and risks and opportunities that are associated with regulating it.
Prior to his role in the council, Mr. Alzarouni founded the Middle East's first innovation hub for blockchain technology. The hub, named Dubai Blockchain Center, was inaugurated by His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Vice President and Prime Minister of the UAE and Ruler of Dubai in May 2018. The center aims to bring together blockchain thought leaders, developers, investors, and educators. It is a place to engage with the blockchain community. The center therefore continuously hosts blockchain related courses, events, meet-ups, and hackathons.
After completing his PhD thesis in Computer Science, Pierre joined IBM almost 20 years ago. That was the time when organisations struggled to adopt the Internet and get the benefit of this change in perspective. Then, when Artificial Intelligence, Mobile as well as Cloud and to some extend Quantum changed again the way organisation had to adapt to changing ecosystems, Pierre helped them to pave their ways to get the most of each of these evolutions and moreover supported them to govern these changes.
Nowadays, Pierre focuses on Blockchain for the Swiss market and as always, he is sharing his experience and helps any organisation from the startup to NGOs via multinational companies to embrace this radical change in this world in motion. His vision is to make blockchain simple for anyone to get benefit of it.
Pierre's motto is "No one is immune to a good idea", meaning that anyone should accept what the other has to offer on one side and one the other side that sharing is the way moving onward.
Edward Elliott, IP Information Officer, World Intellectual Property Organization
Edward Elliott is an IP Information Officer at the World Intellectual Property Organization, where he works on standardization issues. Prior to that, he spent 8 years as an Attorney Advisor at the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office, working in Policy and International Affairs. He covered topics in emerging technology such as blockchain, artificial intelligence, and internet of things. He also created and ran the USPTO's Patents for Humanity program, which recognizes those using patented technology to address global development challenges. His other work includes topics in standard essential patents, attorney client privilege, and IP licensing platforms. Prior to joining USPTO, he worked in the software industry in Silicon Valley.
Michelle Chivunga Nsanzumuco, Founder/CEO, The Global Policy House/
Michelle Chivunga Nsanzumuco, a business owner has vast experience in evaluating/designing government policy frameworks, financing packages and evaluating the impacts of digital tools in the digital economy for transformation and growth. Michelle previously worked for the British Bankers Association (now UK Finance) managing a range of global finance projects working with many senior stakeholders across the corporate finance spectrum. Michelle has had engagement with groups like the OECD, Commonwealth, World Bank, World Trade organization, European Banking Federation, World Economic Forum, HM Treasury, British Chambers of Commerce, EU Commission & many government policy leads globally. Michelle is also board member on several key international boards including the African Union Digital Transformation Taskforce, Government of Bermuda Global Fintech Advisory Board and Chair of international committee of the British Blockchain Association (BBA). She is often referred to as a young thought leader in the Blockchain space having led global blockchain initiatives and a renowned global speaker on matters relating to blockchain and emerging technologies.
Xiaozhun Yi, Deputy Director-General, World Trade Organization
Mr Xiaozhun YI has been a Deputy Director-General at the World Trade Organization since October 2013.
Xiaozhun Yi has extensive experience in world trade and economics, both as a senior government official and subsequently as China's ambassador to the WTO.
He represented China as a key negotiator in China's WTO accession process, making an important contribution to the negotiations.
Prior to becoming China's ambassador to the WTO in 2011, Mr Yi was Assistant Minister and subsequently China's Vice Minister of Commerce in charge of multilateral and regional trade negotiations and cooperation. Besides his contribution to China's WTO accession, he played a leading role in negotiating numerous free trade agreements (FTAs), including the China-ASEAN agreement, China's first FTA. He also worked as a diplomat at the Chinese Embassy in the United States for more than four years from the late 1980s to the early 1990s.
Mr Yi obtained a Master's degree in economics from Nankai University in China in 1999.
Lingling WEI, Chair of Board of trustees and Professor, AgriGarden Protected Horticulture Technology Co. Ltd. National Agricultural Science Innovation Park of CAAS
Dr.Wei Lingling has worked at Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences as full time professor and taken the lead for the development of AgriGarden Protected Horticulture Technology Co.Ltd. She also served as its founding Managing Director for over 10 years. Dr. Wei also serve as Director for National Agricultural Science Innovation Park to test ICT technologies in application agriculture particularly for precision farming and protected agriculture in China. She is a leading entrepreneur in science based smart agribusiness at CAAS.
AgriGarden was founded in 2002, which is a subsidiary of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. As an international platform enterprise for modern agricultural system integration and innovation, AgriGarden operates National Agriculture Technology Innovation Park and provides the services for industry agriculture, urban agriculture, city farming and has formed successful "modern agriculture +" model.
Ruidan CHEN worked for HP and IBM as the managing consultant for 10 years and the dean of HP IT Management School in China for 5 years. Then he led an AI company for 3 years. Now He is the General Manager of AgriGarden which is a modern agriculture whole supply chain service provider.
Donia Hammami is an independent advisor on sustainable development and international trade – covering trade facilitation, illicit trade, and application of blockchain technologies in the trade and supply chain domain. Among others, she currently serves as a strategic advisor to the IOTA Foundation – the creator of the Tangle, a permissionless, multi-dimensional DLT – and as VP Trade & Customs Consulting at KGH Customs Services – supporting governments and companies in strengthening their trade performance and border management.
Prior to this, she led all Tax, Customs and Trade Facilitation policy work at the International Chamber of Commerce where together with the WEF, the US Chamber of Commerce and the Governments of USA, UK, Germany, Canada and Australia she also co-founded the Global Alliance for Trade Facilitation – a unique public-private partnership to support implementation of the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement.
Ms Hammami served as Vice-Chair of the World Customs Organization's business advisory group and previously held several positions at the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
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About: Roman Chamomile flowers have been used for over 3000 years as a medicinal herb throughout the Mediterranean and now worldwide. The herb has historically been used to help with minor wounds, skin health, digestive troubles, sleep, relaxation, and balanced emotions. It was often planted at monasteries as a ground cover to encourage relaxation and contemplation.
Common Uses: When applied topically in a carrier oil Roman Chamomile essential oil may support calm skin and normal digestion. It may also be used in salves, massage oils, and diffuser blends.
Blending Recommendations: Bergamot, Calendula CO2, Cardamom, Carrot Seed, Atlas Cedarwood, German Chamomile, Blue Tansy, Cistus, Clary Sage, Coriander Seed, Eucalyptus radiata, Fennel, Frankincense, Rose Geranium, Ginger, Grapefruit, Helichrysum, Hyssop Decumbens, Juniper Berry, Lavender, Lavender Reserve, Lavender Spike, Lemon, Lemongrass, Lemon Verbena, Sweet Lime, Mandarin, Sweet Marjoram, May Chang, Lemon Balm, Myrrh, Neroli, Sweet Orange, Patchouli, Peppermint, Petitgrain, Rose Otto, Rose Hip Seed Oil, Rosemary cineole, Rosemary verbenone, Spanish Sage, Sandalwood, Spearmint, Spikenard, Vanilla Perfume, Yarrow, Ylang Ylang.
Safety Information: Roman Chamomile is amongst the safest of all essential oils and is suitable for use with children and during pregnancy. Roman Chamomile is a potent essential oil and is best applied diluted. When using with children Roman Chamomile should always be diluted or diffused. For adults, use at less than a 5% dilution; for infants and toddlers, use less than 1% dilution (less than 6 drops per ounce of carrier). Some may have an allergy to Chamomile if they have an allergy to ragweed.
Also contains 4 additional compounds below 2%. Roman Chamomile is nearly 80% esters.
to get the latest Herbiary happenings as well as a smidge of whatever I've concocted each week especially for you.


The small town of Salem, Massachusetts has a rich history. It was one of the first places in North America to be settled by the English way back in the 16th century. Along with Plymouth and Boston, it was part of the Hudson Bay Trading Company and settlers had to carve out their lives in the midst of an American wilderness previously untouched by European hands. Salem also was the location of one of the most famous witch hunts in the New World, with several young women accusing the wives of rich landowners of practicing witchcraft (as supposedly taught by a Haitian servant.) The Salem witch trials resulted in several executions of both men and women, and became a cautionary tale of mass hysteria and religious extremism for centuries to come. Nowadays, the town banks on its "occult" background, growing exponentially with tourists around Halloween, and anyone with even a passing interest in Wicca or witchcraft seems to gravitate there. Given all that history, Salem seems a really screwed-up place to set a massively multiplayer game focused on crafting and building.
But that's exactly what makes Salem one of the most interesting concepts that I've heard for an MMO in a really, really long time.
When you die in Salem, you stay dead.
It takes a long time to make stuff, which is shortened by your tools and how many friends you have helping you.
You level by eating and drinking.
In places of civilization, the area is full of light. As you move into the wilderness, it gets darker and more mystical enemies will show up.
Building certain structures like churches will increase civilization, i.e. make the area brighter.
Practicing witchcraft (placing curses, etc.) will produce its own "scent" which can only be detected by those with the correct skill.
Bjorn Johannessen and Frederik Tolf currently run a game called Haven and Hearth that is kind of like the first draft of a lot of what Salem intends to be. But where H&H feels homemade with its simple 2D graphics, Salem has the full support of Paradox Interactive behind it and a full 3D interface. It's meant to run on one server where everything is persistent for all players, but they may add more servers after launch. Salem will be free to play, and I'm interested to find out how it is monetized without jeopardizing the balance. Unfortunately, the publisher isn't ready to share that information just yet.


text:
Please feel free to post comments or questions here about the ideas on this site.
39 thoughts on "Comment Board"
Ellena Caudwell on November 5, 2011 at 1:08 pm said:
Dear Prof Dr Joel David Hamkins,
My name is Ellena Caudwell and I am a 3rd year Undergraduate Mathematics student from the University of Exeter, UK.
I am currently involved in a group project based around D.E.Knuth's book 'Surreal Numbers', and we were hoping to find examples of where this book has been used as a tool for teaching mathematics. I found an old page on the University of Amsterdam's website explaining a course you ran in the 2nd Semester 2004/05: Surreal Numbers (http://www.illc.uva.nl/MScLogic/courses/Projects-0405-IIc/Hamkins.html) and it appears this is exactly what we were looking for.
I understand this was a long time ago, and you must be very busy, but we would be very grateful if you could answer a couple of questions to help us in our work.
Firstly, what level were the students who took part in the course, and in what way were they assessed?
Second, D.E. Knuth states in the postscript of his book that he wasn't really trying to teach the theory of surreal numbers, but to 'provide some material that would help to overcome… the lack of training for research work'. Therefore it is questionable how well this book helps teach surreal numbers.
1. Do you feel this course showed this book can be used successfully to teach surreal numbers? Was this your aim?
2. Do you feel it effectively shows the process of exploration and discovery of mathematical proof?
Any other thoughts or ideas on the topic would be most useful.
Thank you for your time and I look forward to hearing from you.
Ellena Caudwell
Joel David Hamkins on November 6, 2011 at 11:08 am said:
The course was a lot of fun for all of us, and I count it as a success. I would definitely be interested in running such a course again, and I think the book works very well for this kind of course. Shorter than a regular semester course, the course was filled mostly with masters degree students, with a few PhD students, but there would be no problem running a similar course for much longer. It was a small class, with about 8 students, which I think was relevant for its success. Following the idea of Knuth that you mention, we used the book not only to learn about the surreals but also to illustrate the practice of mathematical research. In particular, the students themselves presented much of the material on a rotating schedule, filling out the ideas of the book. Thus, the practice was that they would read the next part of the book, master the material, including whatever proofs needed filling in (which is the nature of the book), and make a presentation on that topic, at which we all would ask further questions and figure things out together. In addition, as is my general practice, the students wrote term papers, on a topic chosen in discussion with me. Assessment was based on the presentations and the paper.
To answer your specific questions: (1) The book can definitely be used successfully to teach surreal numbers, and yes, this was a major part of my aim. But this book requires more work from the students than a regular textbook, laying out all the material, since it is more open-ended. (2) As a result, yes, I do feel that the book and the way we used it in that course gave a good introduction to the process of mathematical research, particularly at the masters degree level. I think it could also work well with advanced undergraduates, if they were very motivated.
Ali Bleybel on October 1, 2012 at 10:59 am said:
Dear professor Hamkins,
I am looking for a reviewer to my paper in progress "$mathcal{L}_{omega_1omega}$ -transfer principle in algebraic geometry". Are you or someone you know interested in reviewing my work?
Ali Bleybel
Joel David Hamkins on October 1, 2012 at 2:16 pm said:
Sure, I'd be happy to take a look at it, but not sure whether I might find anything useful to say. Kindly send it to me at jhamkins@gc.cuny.edu.
Gérard Lang on December 6, 2014 at 12:30 pm said:
Dear JD Hamkins,
I discovered your page "The global choice principle in Gödel-Bernays set theory", that I found very interesting. And let me thank you for giving my name in this page. Let me add that, even if iI learnt mathematics with the immense Laurent Schwartz, I did not do a career as a professional mathematician, but as a statistician-economist finishing as the chief lawyer of the french national institute of statistics and economic studies. Being now retired, I am interested in set theory and reading the FOM list and Mathoverflow; I also have a modest participation in the splendid site Metamath of Norman Megill, that you may know.
I allow me to to ask some more questions related to "What happens for proper classes inGödel-Bernays set theory with AC and Without GCh".
1-First of all, I would like to remark that by an answer of Sam Roberts on Mathoverflow today, we have another equivalence for GCh that is:
"If P(A) injects inton A then AV injects into A"
2- We saw in a model such that there exists a definable class of pairs of set having no choice function, (so that GCh fails), the proper class On (and all equivalent classes, that are the well-orders classes) strictly inject in the class P(On), that is linearly ordered and strictly injects into the universal class V. It seems intuitively difficult to think that some class can exist that is strtictly between On and P(On) or between P(On) and V ?
3- We also saw that we must have at least three non-equivalent proper classes, V that is the ultimate maximum because every class injects in V, On that is minimal in the sense that every proper class that injects in V must be bijective with V and the class W you defined that is incomparable with On. I would like to ask some questions about W.
(i) Is it true that W is minimal in the same sense as on ?
(ii) Are W and P(On) comparable ?
(iii) Is it possible that W strictly injects P(W) and P(W) strictly injects V ?
Gérard Lang
Joel David Hamkins on December 16, 2014 at 4:18 pm said:
Yes, I have enjoyed your questions on MathOverflow, and thank you for writing here. Your final questions are good ones. I have thought at length about the case of having a class between Ord and P(Ord), but so far without success.
Gérard Lang on December 17, 2014 at 4:05 am said:
Let me thank you most heartily for giving such a positive answer to my message.
I wish you the best for the end of this year and the next year as well.
Pedro Sánchez Terraf on May 15, 2015 at 11:54 pm said:
TL;DR: Nice talk at Einstein Chair, left comment, want to learn Set Theory in some moment.
Dear Prof. Hamkins,
Recently I left a comment concerning your talk for general mathematical audience concerning CH; very nice indeed. I'm not really sure if the comment got its way since I didn't get any acknowledging message from the server.
Though I'm working in a different area now, I would be deeply interested in learning set theory in the not-that-far future. No one in my department (and, AFAIK, no one in my country!) is working on ST. If, with a little luck, I gather some people to work on this, I would be eager to invite you to give some course in Argentina.
Pedro.-
Pedro Sánchez Terraf on September 9, 2015 at 8:42 pm said:
Dear Joel,
I need a word of advice (surely won't be the last time!).
I'm preparing a course on Set Theory for next year, and I am expecting a mixed audience; ranging from graduate students that are starting to study the material (Kunen's 1980) as of this writing, to perhaps some undergrads that will have seen basic (though fairly complete) courses on general topology and real variable. Most of them will only have a rudimentary knowledge of logic, and some of them will be seeing the definition of ordinal for the first time.
How much can one afford to compress in a 1-semester course? I'm just starting to prepare this, but it seems that I could go up to $L$, and perhaps a crash course on the basics of MA (I'm stealing this idea from some UCLA summer school notes by Justin Palumbo). But perhaps this is just too ambitious… On the other hand, the people reading Kunen right now are eager to "force", at least a little bit.
Thank you for reading this, I hope it doesn't bother you.
PST.-
Joel David Hamkins on September 9, 2015 at 9:04 pm said:
My preference in an introductory set theory course is to do some large cardinals before L or forcing. It is relatively easy to develop an analysis of V_kappa and H_kappa for inaccessible cardinals (or the second inaccessible, or Mahlo etc.) and so on, and this introduces the important idea of looking at various models of set theory, and then get to measurable cardinals and ultrapowers. After this, one can develop L and HOD. For forcing, I always start first with an extended analysis of MA, to get used to the concepts of density and genericity, but without any need yet for P-names. After this, one can develop P-names and the forcing extensions a bit more easily. But I've never been able to do ALL this in one course; it is simply too much. If they really are seeing ordinals for the first time, then I would be happy if they just get to know some large cardinals and the ultrapower construction, which is something that I think every mathematician should know.
Pedro Sánchez Terraf on September 23, 2015 at 8:07 am said:
Thank you very much for your quick reply. Searching for the topics you indicated, it seems to me that Drake is a good source; I also think Jech might be of use. Next year I'll tell how things went through.
Thanks again and best wishes,
Max Dunne on October 16, 2015 at 2:53 pm said:
Dear Prof. Hamkins:
I have a foundational question about set theory:
2 is a member of the set {2, 4, 6}.
Is 2 a member of the set {6}? Of course the answer is No. But that thing in the braces isn't just a squiggle, it's the number 6, and if 6 MEANS anything, it surely means six of something. And if there are six of anything, there are at least two of those things. Can you clear this up for me?
Finally, is the answer to this question as uncontroversial as the answer to the question, what is two plus two?
Joel David Hamkins on October 16, 2015 at 5:48 pm said:
Haven't you cleared it up yourself? The number 2 is not an element of the set {6}, since that set has only one element, the number 6, and that number is different from the number 2. Meanwhile, 2 is less than an element of {6}, because 2 is less than 6 and 6 is an element of {6}. But being less than an element of a set is not the same as being an element of the set. The fact that my child is shorter than a student in my calculus class does not make him a student in my calculus class. The fact that I earn less money per year than at least one Wall Street investment banker does not make me a Wall Street investment banker. I am younger than some of the retired faculty at my college, but this does not make me a retired faculty member at my college.
Thanks very much for your prompt and clear answer. Yes I was thinking vaguely along those lines, and some other reading was beginning to sort it all out for me, but it's nice to hear clarification from a professional. Cheers!
Pedro Sánchez Terraf on January 7, 2016 at 8:11 am said:
(I feel a little embarrassed by the fact that I wrote above, unblushingly, "Dear Joel".)
I'd like to know if you received my email (sent to your GC address on Dec. 21st).
Best wishes for this New Year,
Andrew Song on July 28, 2016 at 11:25 am said:
I saw you involved in the question"is there a class of all classes"on mathoverflow.It is obvious that the answer is NO.However,I saw some people agreed to call this such a big collection "2-classes",and by recurrsion we can have n-classes.In my point of view,let me suppose that the collection of all classes is "2-classes".Then I can conclude that this is the biggest collection.Since this is not a class.Therefore if the "2-classes" is contained in another collection U then it follows that the "2-classes" is a class.A contradiction.Hence I can,t understand how the "n-classes" can be generated.I am looking for your reply.Thanks!
Andrew Song on August 3, 2016 at 5:21 am said:
Dear Joel:
Recently I am interested in the question such as "he set of all sets" and "the class of all classes".And I did a lot of research on Internet including asked on "math stack exchange".And finally I found that maybe the "Grothendieck universe" is what can answer my question.However,I think this is not directly related to my question.And I have a question which confused me:
1.Can you tell me the initial idea for the "Grothendieck set throry".Is it just want to treat the question what I mentioned above?
2.In "Grothendieck set theory",Is it legal to have "the set of all sets(i.e. the univesal set "V") and "the class of all classe(I think this has several way to define as this is outstrip ZFC set theory's boundary)" be a set?And this construction can be infinitely extended?
3.Based on my Q2,it doesn't matter how you define such as "the class of all classes(I define this to be the collection including all the subclass of V and including "V" itself) and so on with the high level collection.This all can be set.So in general,given any universe of collection,we all can have a Grothendieck universe including that universe(especially contain the powerset of that universe–if that universe can be a set in Grothendieck set theory).Finally,Grothendieck universes hierarchy is the ultimate collection that cantains anything you want.
I hope that you can answer my question.Thanks!
Best Regards!
Andrew Song
William Rose on December 10, 2017 at 1:17 pm said:
Prof. Hamkins,
I teach an advanced high school elective on the history of mathematics, leading up to Godel's Incompleteness Theorem. Last week we were learning about ordinals and I used your slides about Infinite Chess as a way to make the ordinals seems more concrete and more useful.
Several students followed up with me about some of the positions in your talk. Specifically, in Releasing the Hordes, the students wondered whether the position really had value omega^2. After the initial rook move, could white capture with a pawn from the right column instead, leaving a gap that the white king could then attempt to retreat into? We spent an hour or so after school trying to work it out and couldn't get anywhere. Is there somewhere on the internet where we can enter infinite chess positions? Can you maybe personally explain to us why this either works or doesn't work? My students think the value is less than omega^2.
Will Rose
Joel David Hamkins on December 20, 2017 at 7:25 am said:
That is a very interesting idea! Your students are very insightful. Let me say that these infinite chess positions are often very finicky that way, and many of them resulted from a series of modifications to earlier similar positions that had some such flaw or other of the kind you are mentioning.
Here is the position: Releasing the Hordes
Your student's idea shows that one has to take care with the set up. Black cannot allow that white will hide his king away in a cave.
I want to think more about it, but I think that black can handle it. Black moves his rook up on the first move. If white takes from the right, which is the line you are proposing, then black will respond like this. First, move the black rook to prevent white access to the wall. Next, move the black king up to protect the hole. Keep the black king between the hole and the white king. During these moves, white may be moving pawns to bring the hole lower, but they will meet halfway, which is still good enough, since n/2 can be made as big as you like (that is, move the rook up twice as far as you had really wanted to on the first move). Now, we are in a situation where the black king is guarding the hole. Next, black should move his rook very far out to the right. In such a situation, the white king cannot hang around anywhere near the wall, since there will be perpetual checks coming from the black rook. Thus, black can force the white king to chase down the black rook, very far away (as far as one likes). White cannot gain advantage by trying to return to the wall, since we can do the same thing again.
Does it work? I will think more about it. Let me know if you see any issues. What this means is that in this line, we don't get $\omega\cdot n$ if the original black rook moves up to height $n$, as I had thought, since we will have to burn a few pawn moves for each round of harrassment, rather than just one.
Meanwhile, it seems that we can address the problem also by changing the position to have a double row of white pawns on the outside wall. Alternatively, we could place the white king harrassment arena in a separate place, more isolated from the wall protecting the doorway. That is, have another separate vertical wall of white pawns, with the black rook and white king to the right of it, and the black king between them.
Thanks for your comment, and I'd like to hear back from you.
Here is another idea, which will be better if it works. After black moves his rook up on the first move, if white should takes from the right, as you suggest, then black will first of all use his rook to keep white away from the wall. Then, black will aim to capture a pawn in the right wall, between the door and the hole. Black aims to occupy this hold with his king, and then have his rook free. For example, black can position his king a knight's move above and to the right of the desired place, capture the pawn with his black rook, and then move the king diagonally next to the rook (since the pawn is no longer protecting), and then exit the hole with check, giving time to occupy the hole with the king.
If this works, then white will have no line remaining leading to check, since the white wall pawns can no longer advance, and so the door will never open.
But one must consider the possibility that the white king attempts to interfere with the insertion of the black king into the hole. For example, if the white king stayed next to the wall, there would be no "exit with check". For example, white could attempt to capture the rook by approaching it from below, staying next the wall. Indeed, I think that this idea may not work because of this counterplay, since black will be forced to move the king away because of zugzwang.
The idea would seem to work, however, if we give black a pawn on the right side, since then black can avoid the zugzwang, and simply occupy the hole with both the king and rook, moving his pawn up. There is no need for check harrassments in this case, since no pawns are advancing and so black aims for a full draw, instead of forestalling loss.
It seems best to pursue a combination of the two lines I mention. That is, using the first strategy we can get the we can aim to get the white king very far away from the wall, since otherwise there is perpetual check, with the black king prevent white king access to the cave. Then, we pursue the second strategy to aim at inserting the black king into the wall below the hole, which will black pawn advances below and cause a draw (good for black). The point is that if the white king is very far from the wall, then we can implement the exit-with-check part of the king insertion. So the line will lead to a situation where the white king is far away from the black king, and the black king has inserted itself into the wall. This prevents pawns from advancing, and there is no way to dislodge the king from that spot, if the black rook is free.
Alternatively, it may be good enough simply to use the black rook to keep the white king even just a few steps away from the wall as currently. Then black positions his king to a place readying for the king insertion, and then carries it out without interference.
For example, if we simply started with the white king a little farther from the wall, it would definitely work.
Will Rose on December 20, 2017 at 2:02 pm said:
Wow. We'll get back to you in a few days after we get a chance to sit down and look into this. Thanks for taking the time to reply!
Sure, let me know what you think. Currently I don't think that the position needs to be modified and also that your line leads to a draw, so white won't do that, since with the main line white will achieve checkmate.
DukeZhou on May 17, 2018 at 9:15 pm said:
math for kids is my new favorite website! i'd love to know your thoughts on zugzwangs in non-chance, perfect information games in general…
https://www.reddit.com/r/abstractgames/comments/8egu6n/games_that_allow_zugzwang/
(i've made sure to post your Infinite Sudoku over there, so hopefully some of the other kids will be coming to check you work out. still a small community but holds great promise:)
Keith Millar on November 29, 2019 at 4:19 am said:
Hello there! I'm an amateur-ish pure mathematician who specializes in set theory. A pressing matter is that it seems that Cantor's Attic is down! There's some sort of internal error going on, and it's preventing me from adding to the website. For the functional part of this comment, I'm done! Just letting you know.
Also, I'd just like to say I contributed a lot to the website, being the first to add many fundamental large cardinal notions such as indescribable cardinals and silver indiscernibles. I feel a strong personal connection to it, as it was really the bridge that got me into higher mathematics, and eventually led me to finding the online math communities of which I am a part today. I'm very grateful that this place exists. Without it, I might've dropped what seemed to be a momentary infatuation with mathematics in favor of something else. This website is a big part of who I am today. So, thank you!
Joel David Hamkins on December 7, 2019 at 4:40 pm said:
I'm so sorry, and I'll try to get it back up as soon as possible.
Keith Millar on December 7, 2019 at 9:12 pm said:
Oh don't worry! I know you are a busy guy. It'll get back up when it gets back up, and until then I can still even use the wayback machine to view pretty much any article I want, I just can't make edits. Thank you for taking notice though, I really appreciate it.
Bhupinder Singh Anand on September 29, 2020 at 8:23 pm said:
I must commend you on the quality of communication you have nurtured in the comments board of your web-site.
Given your interest in mathematical and philosophical logic, particularly set theory, with a focus on the mathematics and philosophy of the infinite, you might be interested in Thesis 1 in Section 1 of my forthcoming book (link (ii) below to the preprint version under final revision and indexing), which I hope to complete end-2020:
'The Significance of Evidence-based Reasoning for Mathematics, Mathematics Education, Philosophy and the Natural Sciences'
where I seek to highlight what is known, and what ought not to be believed as definitive.
The argument is that we may need to recognise explicitly in our basic mathematical education that evidence-based reasoning:
(a) restricts the ability of highly expressive mathematical languages, such as the first-order Zermelo-Fraenkel Set Theory ZF, to categorically communicate abstract concepts which admit mathematically defined infinities, such as those involving Cantor's first limit ordinal omega;
(b) restricts the ability of eectively communicating mathematical languages, such as the first-order Peano Arithmetic PA, to well-define infinite concepts such as omega.
In other words, from an evidence-based perspective and, ideally, that of all disciplines which appeal to currently accepted scientific methods:
(i) although ZF admits unique, set-theoretical, definitions of—and allows us to unambiguously talk about the putative existence of—`ideal ' real numbers as the putative limits of Cauchy sequences of rational numbers, and their putative properties, in a mathematically defined, albeit Platonically conceived, universe,
(ii) only PA admits unique, algorithmically verifiable, number-theoretic definitions of—and allows us to unambiguously talk about the categorical existence of—specifiable real numbers, and their properties, which can be communicated as knowledge when describing the actual universe we inhabit.
Mathematics, therefore, needs to be treated as a sub-discipline of linguistics; and any ontological commitments associated with mathematical statements pertain not to the language per se, but to the conceptual metaphors that the language is intended to represent and communicate.
Further, the epistemological perspective of Thesis 1 is that logic, too, can be viewed as merely a methodological tool that seeks to formalise an intuitive human ability that pertains not to the language which seeks to express it formally, but to the cognitive sciences in which its study is rooted.
I shall be grateful if you could guide me as to any current work that reflects your present perspective, which you feel I might yet seek to present and/or reference in my book.
What has intrigued me particularly (in view of Theorem 18.1 in Section 18 on Goodstein's Theorem in my book) is a suitable philosophical perspective from which to interpret the remarks, concerning putative arithmetical models of set theory in your paper 'Satisfaction is not absolute', that:
`On the basis of these mathematical results, we argue that a philosophical commitment to the determinateness of the theory of truth for a structure cannot be seen as a consequence solely of the determinateness of the structure in which that truth resides. The determinate nature of arithmetic truth, for example, is not a consequence of the determinate nature of the arithmetic structure N={0,1,2,…} itself, but rather, we argue, is an additional higher-order commitment requiring its own analysis and justification.
… We make our argument in part by proving that different models of set theory can have a structure identically in common, even the natural numbers, yet disagree on the theory of truth for that structure'.
Bhupinder Singh Anand
To (i) citeable archived initial draft of 28/04/2020, and (ii) current update (as of today) under final revision/editing/indexing:
(i) PhilPapers (28/04/2020): https://philpapers.org/rec/ANATSO-4
(ii) Dropbox update (as of now):
https://www.dropbox.com/s/gd6ffwf9wssak86/16_Anand_Dogmas_Submission_Update_3.pdf?dl=0
Iago Oliveira Sampaio on January 21, 2021 at 8:17 pm said:
Dear Joel, i'm Iago, A Brazilian young man living my life, My father on other hand, is passionate with Mathematics since he's a child. Well forgive my naivety but my question is about Pi.
1)There's something that prove the Rationality of Pi?
2) The Rationality of Pi would change things?
Thanks for the Attention.
Joel David Hamkins on January 21, 2021 at 8:31 pm said:
The number pi is irrational, and this was proved by Lambert in the 1760s. You can find an account of his proof and simplifications at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_that_%CF%80_is_irrational#:~:text=In%20the%201760s%2C%20Johann%20Heinrich,is%20a%20non%2Dzero%20integer.
Iago Oliveira on January 21, 2021 at 8:59 pm said:
Hello Again, wow, that was very fast haha Thank you so much…
Yes i understand Lambert's AND Lindemann works.
But and my second question.. If somehow, we discovers a Rationality of Pi, what this would change?
Would our concepts of mathemathics be more accurate?
Thanks again for the attention, Really really thanks.
Iago Oliveira on January 22, 2021 at 6:08 am said:
Hi again. I think like a exercise, if the rationality of Pi would change things?
Our mathemathics, our calculations whould be more accurate?
Thanks again for the attention.
Joel David Hamkins on January 22, 2021 at 12:21 pm said:
Your question doesn't make sense to me. To suppose that pi is rational would contradict other things we know. Thus, every statement would follow from this assumption. It would make an incoherent theory.
leftunknown on July 30, 2021 at 11:09 am said:
Hello, Joel
I just noticed that cantor's attic is back up again! I believe this is a relatively new thing, as I found someone saying that it was back 2 weeks ago. How long has it been up?
Joel David Hamkins on August 8, 2021 at 3:55 pm said:
It's been up for six weeks or so. I regret that it took so long, and also that I am less involved in it than I would like.
John Tromp on August 10, 2021 at 4:00 pm said:
you may find my accurate estimate of the number of legal chess positions to be of interest: https://github.com/tromp/ChessPositionRanking
Matthew on December 21, 2021 at 6:11 am said:
Prof Hamkins:
Will you be teaching at Notre Dame in Spring 2022?
I greatly admire your teaching style.
Joel David Hamkins on December 27, 2021 at 12:14 pm said:
Yes, I am set to start teaching at Notre Dame in January 2022. Philosophy of Mathematics.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Red Flag fire hazard warnings took effect at 11 pm Monday night for the North Bay hills, followed by the East Bay ridge lines at 2 am Tuesday.
Both warnings will not expire until 6 a.m. Wednesday.
The National Weather Service is concerned about low humidity and gusty winds creating conditions in which a wild land fire could quickly grow out of control.
For Marin County Fire, the warning means staffing up, and closing down some high risk public areas.
"We're a little limited on space," said Marin County Fire Captain Matt Watson, showing KTVU a small room packed with bunk beds, extra sleeping space at a Novato fire station.
The bunks are where ten members of a Marin County hand crew, seasonal firefighters, will sleep Monday and Tuesday nights.
Normally they would scatter to their homes across the Bay Area after a ten hour work day, but during a Red Flag warning, they will be on duty 24 hours.
"It is cold and late in the year and we have had some rain," said Capt. Watson, " but just because it's October and November doesn't mean we can't have big fires, because the heavier fuels are still there."
With no new rain on the horizon, the high elevations of Marin, Sonoma, Napa, and Lake Counties may experience humidity between 9 -19 percent and wind gusts between 50 and 60 mph.
PG&E is not planning any precautionary power shutdowns, as it did a few weeks ago, but plans to monitor conditions.
Mt. Tamalpais State Park and the Pt. Reyes National Seashore at Inverness will make some areas off limits for the day.
"I did come up here once before and it was closed," said hiker Natasha Zaslove, at Phoenix Lake in the Marin Municipal Water District watershed.
Zaslove wasn't aware that access would be blocked by a locked gate on Wednesday.
"I think people who hike on this trail are pretty conscientious," said Zaslove, "and I'd love if they would trust us to not start fires, but I understand they just want to be cautious."
Last October's devastating fires in Sonoma, Napa, and Mendocino Counties sparked regional change.
Local agencies are being more assertive when Red Flag warnings are issued, and establishing protocols for how and when they'll close open space to avoid an accidental ignition source.
Taking a page from the Cal-Fire playbook, fire departments are not only adding staff and keeping crews on the clock, but moving apparatus so they are available in the field and ready.
"Up-staffing of local resources, pre-positioning, is what we call it," explained Marin County Fire Battalion Chief Bret McTigue, " and it's very new, this is only the third time we've done it."
Overall staffing won't downsize until rains set-in, and with California's fire season often described as "year-round", the window to relax may be shrinking.
"We get these typical patterns in October," noted McTigue, "and some years we have a rainy October and some years we get these northeast winds, like we're having now."
The trainees joined at a very intense time, working fire after fire all summer, including two weeks at the Mendocino Complex Fire, largest in state history.
But it seemed to solidify their career choice.
"Just the brotherhood is a big part of it," said 23-year-old firefighter Foster Gutridge, of Brentwood.
"Gaining these good relationships right off the bat, spending a lot of time together and there's never a dull day."
The first and second year firefighters generally work an eight month season, from June through January.


Enjoy a Women's Night Out!
Enjoy the great outdoors with your family!
Congratulations to our 3rd-graders who will be receiving First Communion at our 10:00 am worship service on Sunday, April 14th.
The 8th grade retreat on the Apostles Creed will take place on March 10 from 11:30-4:00 pm in the church basement. This has been on the calendar all year and is an important part of our confirmation program, therefore, all 8th graders should plan on attending. Plan to bring your Bible and catechism book.
Please contact Jen Teachout for more information.
Enjoy a fun night out with childcare available!
Support our youth and enjoy a delicious pancake breakfast!
Important Meeting for All Members!
There will be a Christmas Eve Candlelight worship service at Trinity Chapel at 10pm (weather permitting). Dress warm!
Join us for Christmas Eve Worship at 4:00 pm and 6:00 pm. Communion will be served at both services. An ASL Interpreter will be present at the 6:00 pm service.
Join us for worship as the children share the Story of Jesus' Birth!
Enjoy the company of women from Alleluia!
All youth in grades 8-12 are invited!
Enjoy the fellowship of Alleluia women and girlfriends!
Crafts. Treats. Projects for all ages to kick off the Advent Season.
Come celebrate God's many blessings as we gather for worship on Thanksgiving Eve at 6:30 pm. Then stick around for pie following worship.
All are welcome for this day of service. Projects for ALL ages.
Bring your children for some Trick or Trunking fun! This is a free community event - invite your neighbors!
Join us out at Trinity Chapel (30th Street NE - West of Cty. Rd. 19) for the annual "Blessing of the Pets." In honor of St. Francis, who was known for his care of animals, we'll be blessing your pets at this special worship service on Sunday afternoon at 5:00 pm. Mark your calendars and plan to bring your pets to Trinity Chapel.
Worship. Picnic. Information on Fall Ministries. Join us!
Join us for this fun-filled week as you play games, teach Bible stories, sing, share snacks and get to know some awesome kids!
Summer Evening Worship at Trinity Chapel!
Congratulations to all of the High School Seniors!
All are welcome to this Family Service Day for ALL ages.
Join us for this informal conversation on Faith and Life upstairs at the St. Michael Theater.


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strike, sixty-two days, and to indicate that if the strike continued, it could polarize the city. They said, "If you can do that, the governor will step in, but we could use that." They didn't believe I could do it.
One day they called me and they said the governor's counsel called, and said, "Moe, it's happening. The governor has just announced that he's stopping his campaign tour with Joe Carlino to a meeting in his office in New York to which he's inviting the hospitals and the union. Davis won't be invited because the hospitals won't sit in the same room."
Anyway, and then when we were in the campaign -- let me just end it at that point -- I got editorials not only from New York, at one point the governor's office said, "We've got opposition upstate from the Catholics and the big hospitals." They said, "What can be done?"
I called Jimmy Wechsler, and in two days, editorials were appearing in places like the Adirondack Post Gazette, places that had never had a hospital union, urging support for the law. The governor's counsel, when we finished the campaign, said to me, he asked, "Moe, which firm handled this campaign? You must have spent an enormous amount of money. Which big firm?" I just said, "Me." He said, "You must be kidding me."
There's one concept that seems key in this: trust. You have access to Wechsler or Raskin, to reporters and some of the editors, but access only takes you so far. How did you gain their trust so that [cross talk]
Foner:
You have to be sure that the facts you give are accurate, that you don't make up things for them, because then you're dead with them. They'll know that you're a conniver. They have to feel that this is a committed person. And also, in my case, they felt that if they didn't answer my call, I would keep calling, they'll never hear the end of it. But after a while, people who I never dreamed I could speak to on the phone --
It's commitment, there's accuracy, reliability, and persistence.
Okay. Now, let's see. I took you astray. You were telling about '87 and getting publicity for home care following the hearings.
All right. Now, I suggested at one point to Dennis, I said, "You know, let's get the Cardinal."
He said, "How should I get the Cardinal?"


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Home | Halsey Institute of Contemporary Art | Publications
Rebound: Dissections and Excavations in Book Art Published by the Halsey Institute of Contemporary Art (2013). Softcover. 44 pages.
Pulse Dome Project: Art & Design by Don ZanFagna Published by the Halsey Institute of Contemporary Art (2012). Softcover. 42 pages.
The Paternal Suit: Heirlooms from the F. Scott Hess Family Foundation Co-published by the Halsey Institute of Contemporary Art and the Long Beach Museum of Art (2012). Hardcover. 189 pages.
Return to the Sea: Saltworks by Motoi Yamamoto Published by the Halsey Institute of Contemporary Art (2012). Hardcover. 170 pages.
Aggie Zed: Keeper's Keep Published by the Halsey Institute of Contemporary Art (2012). Hardcover with jacket. 108 pages.
Tanja Softić: Migrant Universe This catalogue was published in conjunction with the traveling exhibition Tanja Softić: Migrant Universe, organised by the Halsey Institute of Contemporary Art, in association with the University of Richmond Museums, Virginia. Softcover.
Leslie Wayne: Recent Work Published by the Halsey Institute of Contemporary Art (2011). Softcover. 26 pages.
Aldwyth: work v./work n. – Collage and Assemblage 1991-2009 Published by the Halsey Institute of Contemporary Art (2009). Softcover. 112 pages.
Force of Nature: Site Installations by Ten Japanese Artists Co-published by the Halsey Institute of Contemporary Art and Van Every/Smith Galleries (2007). Hardcover. 144 pages.
Palmetto Portraits Project Published by the Halsey Institute of Contemporary Art and the Medical University of South Carolina (2010). Hardcover with jacket. 176 pages.
Wild, Weird & Wonderful: The American Circus 1901-1927 As Seen by F.W. Glasier, Photographer Published by Quantuck Lane Press. 2003. 128 pages. Hardcover.
Renée Stout: Tales of the Conjure Woman Published by the Halsey Institute of Contemporary Art (2015). Hardcover with jacket. 172 pages.
Patricia Boinest Potter: Patterns of Place Published by the Halsey Institute of Contemporary Art (2015). Softcover. 120 pages.
Price:$24.95 - $29.95 (depends on options selected) Binding: Select One Hardcover with jacket Softcover
Something to Take My Place: The Art of Lonnie Holley Published by the Halsey Institute of Contemporary Art (2015). Hardcover. 215 pages.
Alyson Shotz: Force of Nature Published by the Wellin Museum of Art at Hamilton College (2015). Hardcover. 168 pages.
This publication is not included in the Member complimentary publication program.
Sons and Father: John McWilliams Sons and Father by John McWilliams
Sons and Father: Engravings by John McWilliams Special Edition Sons and Father: Engravings by John McWilliams Special Edition
Across the Threshold of India: Art, Women, and Culture Published by GFT Publishing in association with the Halsey Institute of Contemporary Art (2016). Hardcover with jacket. 320 pages.
Jiha Moon: Double Welcome, Most Everyone's Mad Here Published by the Halsey Institute of Contemporary Art (2016). Hardcover with jacket. 96 pages.
Fahamu Pecou: Visible Man Published by the Halsey Institute of Contemporary Art (2017). Hardcover with slipcase. 174 pages.
Bob Trotman: Business as Usual Published by the Halsey Institute of Contemporary Art (2017). Hardcover. 136 pages.
Clear Seeing Place: Studio Visits Published by Permanent Green, New York City (2016). Softcover. 322 pages.
William Halsey Published by the Greenville County Museum of Art (1999). Hardcover with jacket. 83 pages.
Corrie McCallum: Take Note Published by Greenville County Museum of Art (2004). Hardcover with slipcase. 68 pages.
Southbound: Photographs of and about the New South Published by the Halsey Institute of Contemporary Art (2018). Hardcover with jacket. 384 pages.
Marc Trujillo: American Purgatory Published by the Halsey Institute of Contemporary Art (2018). Hardcover. 163 pages.


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Welsh farmers to receive up to £12,000 for equipment and machinery
News11 May 2017 Abi Kay
Welsh farmers looking to buy equipment and machinery are now able to apply for up to £12,000 from the Government to help with the cost of the investment.
Abi Kay
Abi took up the post of chief reporter at Farmers Guardian after a stint working for the NFU as part of its government affairs team.
NFU Cymru president Stephen James
As part of the Welsh Government's Rural Development Programme, applications for Farm Business Grants will be open until June 30 2017.
The grants provide a 40 per cent contribution towards equipment and machinery which has been 'pre-identified as offering clear and quantifiable benefits to farm enterprises'.
Investments can be made in around 80 items linked to animal health, genetics and performance; crop management; energy efficiency; resource efficiency and ICT.
NFU Cymru president Stephen James said: "We are pleased the Welsh Government has recognised the need for a Farm Business Grant to complement the sustainable production grant scheme which targets larger projects. This will allow many more farmers in Wales to make on-farm investments which improve business and environmental performance."
£40 million of funding will be available over 4 years under the scheme. The minimum grant available is £3,000 and one application will be approved per business throughout the lifetime of the scheme.
For more information, visit the website.
Advice Business Funding Politics Wales
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