text:
16 January 2008 / misc / Spencer Williams
Contest: Melee @ Slim's 01/18/08
Until June, from sunny Phoenix, traveled to Los Angeles in hopes of a record deal. Obviously, at first, they got lost in the mix, but promised themselves that if they didn't have a record deal by June, then they would forget about their rock star dreams. Lucky for them, just as time was about to run out, they got their golden ticket and officially became, Until June.
Matt White, from New York via New Jersey, is ready to be a household name. Several of his songs have been featured on TV shows, most notably "One Tree Hill." He has a dream of collaborating with Bruce Springsteen and earned a Political Science degree. He couldn't give up his passion for music so he continued playing as a street performer in NYC. Finally, he was "found" and now he has a record deal and debut album under his belt.
Melee, pictured above, opened for Matt Nathanson back in November. Their music ventures into rock but it still has a strong pop sensibility to it. A Warped Tour favorite, these O.C. natives have become a huge hit, even in Japan! Make sure you are on time and ready to go when the doors open at 7:30pm (that's a much earlier time than last week's popscene event). The show starts at 8:30pm. If you don't win tickets, they are only $13.00 - only $4.33 for each band - not a bad deal!
Contest will run until Friday morning, when one person will win two spots on the guest list to Friday night's concert. Be sure to check your email Friday morning. Good luck!
Image taken by author
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Best SF locales for a hot beef injection. [Gridskipper] "'Batter is bullshit,'" says the Waffle Truck. [CHOW] Possible Racist comments, Department of Building Inspection's Gus Fallay busted for bribery, and Will Harper.
Photo du Jour 37
By now our admiration for all things Vanessa Getty is well-known. Championed by the masses, we would hope. Take, for example, the above rendering SFist reader Alissa sent to us, which uses Nessie's


text:
\section{Introduction}
Continuous gravitational waves (CWs) are long-lasting, quasi-monochromatic signals which are expected to be emitted by systems with slowly evolving frequency, such as isolated neutron stars (NSs).
NSs represent a promising laboratory of nuclear physics at high densities. Spinning NSs are expected to emit CWs when a quadrupolar deformation of the star is present, and they can be the key to answering many open questions concerning the evolution and the equation of state of the star~\cite{lasky_2015}.
Despite numerous targeted, directed and all-sky searches, CWs from pulsars are yet to be detected as these signals are very faint.

It has been observed in the electromagnetic emission of spinning NSs that some sources exhibit spin-up events, or glitches~\cite{2017A&A...608A.131F}, which consist of the sudden rise of the rotational frequency of the star, followed by a relaxation phase with a timescale between days to months.
These peculiar events may trigger the emission of long-duration transient-CWs~\cite{PhysRevD.84.023007}, which are modelled similarly to persistent CWs, but additionally modulated by a window function $\varpi(t;t_0,\tau)$ which effectively limits the duration of the CW:
\begin{equation}
 \label{eq:htCW}
 h(t,\Dop,\Amp,\TP) = \varpi(t,t_0,\tau)\,h(t,\Dop,\Amp) \,,
\end{equation}
where $ h(t,\Dop,\Amp)$ corresponds to a CW~\cite{PhysRevD.58.063001} with amplitude parameters $\Amp$, and phase parameters $\Dop$, and the transient parameters $\TP$ consist of the window shape, signal start time $t_0$, and a duration parameter $\tau$.

There are different astrophysical motivations justifying the existence of these signals, based for example on the two-fluid model~\cite{10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03415.x} which describes the physics behind pulsars glitches. The transfer of angular momentum from the inner layers to the outer layers of the neutron star can induce changes in the quadrupole moment of the star and thus the emission of GWs during the aftermath of a glitch.
Previous attempts at finding these types of signals from glitching pulsars have been made in the past. The first search looked for short-duration transients on occasion of Vela's glitch from 2006~\cite{PhysRevD.83.042001}. The first search for long-duration transients (from hours up to 120 days) was made on the O2 open data, with both Vela and Crab having glitched during that time~\cite{Keitel:2019zhb}. For both searches, no detection has been made.

Here we will focus on the methods and the search setup for long-duration transient-CWs from pulsars which have glitched during the O3 observing run of Advanced LIGO~\cite{TheLIGOScientific:2014jea} and Advanced Virgo~\cite{2015CQGra..32b4001A}. O3 is separated in two different sections by a commissioning break: O3a which ran from April 1, 2019, 15:00 UTC until October 1, 2019 15:00 UTC and O3b which ran from November 1 2019, 15:00 UTC, to March 27 2020, 17:00 UTC~\cite{aLIGO:2020wna}.

\section{Target selection}
We target those pulsars that have glitched during the O3 observing run and that have a GW frequency $\fgw$ (assumed to be twice the rotation frequency of the pulsar) of at least 10 Hz, below which the sensitivities of LIGO and Virgo decrease significantly.
We select targets from the ATNF pulsar catalog~\cite{2005AJ....129.1993M} and the ATNF and Jodrell glitch catalogs~\cite{ATNFGlitchDatabase, JodrellGlitchCatalogue}. Additional glitches were directly selected from ephemerides provided by NICER~\cite{Ho:2020oel,Ho:2020vxt} and UTMOST radio observations~\cite{Lower:2019awx}.

Our list of targets includes: J0534$+$2200, i.e. the Crab pulsar, J0537--6910, J0908--4913, J1105--6107, J1813--1748 and J1826--1334. All targets have glitched once during O3, except for J0537--6910, also known as ``the Big Glitcher"~\cite{Middleditch:2006ky} for its intense glitch activity, from which four glitches were observed during the time of interest~\cite{Ho:2020vxt}.

\section{Search method}
The method we used has been suggested in~\cite{PhysRevD.84.023007} and first applied in~\cite{Keitel:2019zhb}. The transient-CW signal is modelled as in Eq.~\ref{eq:htCW}. We define a likelihood ratio between the signal and Gaussian noise hypotheses, which we call the $\mathcal{F}$-statistic\xspace matrix $\mathcal{F}_{mn}=\mathcal{F}(t_{0m},\tau_n)$ where $t_{0m},\tau_n$ refer to different signal start time and signal duration choices.
We perform the search using the \texttt{lalapps\_ComputeFstatistic\_v2} program available in LALSuite~\cite{LALSuite, Prix:2015cfs}.
The program operates in such a way that it places a grid in frequency and spindown parameters $\fgw^{(k)}$, where the maximum $k$ depends on the availability of the spindowns in the ephemerides, at a fixed sky location by using the option \texttt{gridType=8}, which corresponds to the metric from~\cite{2007PhRvD..75b3004P} and a template placement algorithm from~\cite{Wette_2014}.
We fix the metric mismatch, which determines how densely templates are placed, to 0.2.
At each point of the grid, the program computes the per-SFT $\mathcal{F}$-statistic\xspace atoms, which are then partially summed when looping over the transient parameters $t_0$ and $\tau$.
One can then either maximize $\mathcal{F}_{mn}$ over the transient parameters $t_0$ and $\tau$ obtaining $\max{\mathcal{F}_{mn}}$~\cite{Keitel:2019zhb} or marginalize $\mathcal{F}_{mn}$ over uniform priors on $t_0$ and $\tau$ resulting in the Bayes factor $\Btrans$ for transient-CW signals against Gaussian noise.
We decide to use $\Btrans$ as our detection statistic, as it produces cleaner background distributions of the data. We use a simple rectangular window function, as it is the least computationally expensive, which effectively ``turns on" the transient GW at $t_0$ and turns it off at $t_0+\tau$. It has been shown~\cite{PhysRevD.84.023007, Keitel:2019zhb} that the loss of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) when using a rectangular window instead of a more realistic exponentially decaying window is acceptable.

\section{Search setup}
\subsection{GW data}
We use 1800\,s long Tukey-windowed Short Fourier Transforms (SFTs) for all three detectors. These data products are derived from the calibrated, cleaned and gated time-domain data~\cite{LIGO:2021ppb,VIRGO:2021umk,Sun:2020wke,Sun:2021qcg,T2000384}. In addition, we clean bins of the SFTs affected by known instrumental line artifacts~\cite{LIGO:2021ppb,LSC:2018vzm,linelist01,virgo3lines} by replacing them with Gaussian noise matching the noise level in the surrounding range.

\subsection{Time domain setup}
In this section we explain the choices we make for the transient parameters $t_0$ and $\tau$.

For the start time of the transient $t_0$ our general rule is to search over a range of different start times in the interval:
\begin{equation}
    \label{eq:t0}
    t_0 \in [T_{\mathrm{gl}} - \max(\delta T_{\mathrm{gl}}, 1\,\mathrm{day}), T_{\mathrm{gl}} + \max(\delta T_{\mathrm{gl}}, 1\,\mathrm{day})],
\end{equation}
where $T_{\mathrm{gl}}$ and $\delta T_{\mathrm{gl}}$ are the time at which the glitch was detected from the EM observations and its uncertainty respectively.
However, depending on the available SFTs, there can be exceptions to this rule, when for instance the interval of start times does not overlap with the available SFTs.
When there is no available data  in the $t_0$ interval, we shift the start time to the first available SFT timestamp and set the interval band to 0: according to our choice above,
the  $t_0$ band should be centered at the $T_{\mathrm{gl}}$, so if there is no data in the $t_0$ interval of interest, we do not search around that value.

We then decide to search for transients with duration $\tau$ in the interval: $\tau \in [3600 $ s, 120 days$]$.
However, as before, there can be exceptions.
Taking J0537--6910 as example, this pulsar suffered 4 glitches in the O3 time range, with an inter-glitch interval as small as 61 days and as big as 170 days. For those glitches with an interglitch period smaller than the
chosen 120 days, we simply cut the duration interval to the timestamp of the following glitch, $T_{\mathrm{gl}}^{n+1}$. We perform the same operation when the observing run ends before the 120 days from the glitch. Therefore one can summarize by taking:
\begin{equation}
    \label{eq:tau}
    \tau \in [3600\textnormal{ s}, T_{\mathrm{end}}-\min(t_0)] \textnormal{ or } \tau \in [3600\textnormal{ s}, T_{\mathrm{gl}}^{n+1}-\min(t_0)].
\end{equation}

\subsection{Frequency domain setup}
There are different methods to search for GWs from pulsars, and in particular this work uses the narrow-band approach, meaning that the sky position, the frequency and spindowns (the phase evolution parameters) are all known parameters. But unlike the targeted searches in which the GW signal is phase-locked to the EM ephemerides, we here allow some uncertainty
in the frequency and spindowns around their electromagnetically-determined values.

We relax the assumption of the GW frequency to be exactly twice the rotational frequency because either the electromagnetic ephemerides might not always be accurate, or there may even be a physical reason. Such a mismatch between the true value
and the observed one in the radio or X-ray counterpart may prevent the GW signal from being detected~\cite{PhysRevD.99.122002}.
The small mismatch can be parametrized as follows:
\begin{equation}
    \label{eq:narrow_band_delta}
    \Delta \fgw = \fgw(1+\delta),
\end{equation}
where we use $\delta = 10^{-3}$ for this search.

The frequency and spindown bands we choose are essentially:
\begin{equation}
    \label{eq:sd_bands}
    \Delta \fgw^{(k)} = \max(2\times \delta \fgw^{(k)}, 10^{-3}\times \fgw^{(k)}, \textnormal{ glitch step})
\end{equation}
where $\fgw^{(k)}$ is the GW frequency or derivative extrapolated at the reference time and $\delta \fgw^{(k)}$ is its uncertainty including the propagation of the glitch uncertainties. The maximum value of $k$ depends on the ephemerides and is at most $k=3$.
We set the reference time for the search grid to the first available SFT timestamp.
The $\textnormal{glitch step}$ is the difference between the spindown before and after the glitch, including the uncertainties.

\subsection{Choice of threshold}
In order to separate the candidates to follow up from noise, we set a threshold on $\Btrans$. The proper way to establish such a threshold
would be to use the distribution of the expected maximum of $\Btrans$. However, this is not known analytically. We use the practical solution suggested in~\cite{Tenorio:2021wad},
which applies extreme value theory to empirically estimate this distribution from the search results themselves.

\subsection{Upper limits}
If there are no detections for a given target, we compute upper limits on the GW strain of the transient-CWs. We mainly follow the procedure used in~\cite{Keitel:2019zhb}.

We perform software injections of simulated signals into the same data sets as the ones used for the original searches. We inject into uncleaned data, so to ensure we are treating the software injections the same as if they had been present in the original data, and not overestimate our detection probability by falsely counting injections in the cleaned bands as detectable. For a certain set of durations $\tau$ we perform several injections, with several steps in strain $h_0$, uniformly distributed over the search ranges of frequency, spindown and start time $t_0$ and randomized over the other amplitude parameters.
We then perform a search over a small band on these injected signals, and consider a signal as recovered if its $\Btrans$ is above the detection threshold.
For each $\tau$ the result is an efficiency curve of the probability of detection $p_{\mathrm{det}}$ against injected $h_0$. This can be fit with a sigmoid function, and we find the value $h_0^{95\%}$, at which $p_{\mathrm{det}} = 95\%$.
This is the estimate of the required scale of the strain at which $95\%$ of the signals are recovered above the threshold on $\Btrans$. We repeat these steps for the rest of the durations
and collect $h_0^{95\%}$ as a function of $\tau$.

\section{Conclusions}
In this contribution we have summarized the search setup and method of a search for long-duration transient-CWs from pulsars that have glitched during Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo's third observing run. The results are reported in an LVK paper~\cite{LIGOScientific:2021quq} which includes also the narrow-band searches for persistent CWs from a larger set of known pulsars.

\ack
L.M.M. is supported by the Universitat de les Illes Balears.
D.K. is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (ref. BEAGAL 18/00148) and cofinanced by the Universitat de les Illes Balears.
This work was supported by the European Union FEDER funds; the Spanish
Ministry of Science and Innovation and the Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación grants
PID2019-106416GB-I00/AEI/MCIN/10.13039/501100011033, RED2018-102661-T, RED2018-102573-E;
the Comunitat Autonoma de les Illes Balears through the Direcció General de Política Universitaria i
Recerca with funds from the Tourist Stay Tax Law ITS 2017-006 (PRD2018/24); the Conselleria de Fons Europeus, Universitat i Cultura del Govern de les Illes Balears; the Generalitat
Valenciana (PROMETEO/2019/071); and EU COST Actions CA18108, CA17137, CA16214, and CA16104.
LVK acknowledgements may be found in \texttt{https://dcc.ligo.org/P2100218} .

\section*{References}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Q: Passing PHP variables into JavaScript I am an amateur web developer and I am developing an application that mainly uses JavaScript but needs to use PHP/MySQL because it is a quiz application and I don't want people to see all the quiz answers by going to "View Source." The pages of relevance are: index.html, problems.php, functions.js. The index.html is the main quiz page. The problems.php is the page used to connect to the server and get the answers to the questions on the quiz page. And the functions.js is used to check whether the answers are correct among other things that prompt the app to do something.
index.html:

<?php
    include ("problems.php");
?>
...

problems.php
<?php
    // Connect to server
    $con = mysql_connect("XXXXXXXXXXXXX", "XXXXXXXXXXX", "XXXXXXXXXXXX");
    mysql_select_db("problems", $con);
    if (!$con) {
         die("Didn't connect");
    }
    $question_num = $_GET["num"];
    $sql = "SELECT question FROM questions WHERE num='" . $question_num . "';";
    $answer = mysql_fetch_array(mysql_query($sql))['question'];
?>

functions.js
function checkAnswer(ans, input) {
    if (ans == input) {
        alert("Correct!");
    }
}

I am not a PHP developer and know very little PHP (which is why I'm choosing to use JavaScript for the application). But I would like to use the GET method in getting the answers to the quiz questions (when the user clicks "Submit" pass in ?num=1,2,3,4,5). Then pass in the quiz answers obtained from the database to the functions.js checkAnswer function to check the answer. My problem is the pass in the answers to the questions to the functions in JavaScript. Also, it doesn't seem my server is even connecting to the database in my code.

A: I suggest not storing the answers in javascript since anyone can just open the javascript file and take a peek.  I would suggest doing all the answer checking server side.
Pass the answers as parameters ina  GET or POST request to the server, capture the answers, and then use mysqli_* or PDO to create a prepared statement to check your answers are correct.

A: You can achieve this as follows
Steps

*

*Pass the question ID and answer entered by user to a PHP page

*Validate the answer on the php page

*Then return true/false based on the answer

I will suggest you to use jQuery ajax for this
$.ajax({
   url: "GetAnswerStatus.PHP?questionid=4&input=3"
}).done(function ( data ) {
   // data = true/ false
   console.log("Answer:" + data);
});

Or use jQuery .get
$.get('GetAnswerStatus.PHP?questionid=4&input=3', function(data) {
    console.log("Answer:" + data);
});

A: If you fetch your answers to client using javascript, user will be able to see it. Send the answer to server (e.g. using ajax) and check it there (only return whether it was right).
Also inserting the GET value to mysql query directly isn't really safe. Use something like mysql_real_escape_string.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Public cleared of wrongdoing in doubting Gov. Christie
Philip Maddocks
A report commissioned by the public to look into the closing of lanes leading to the George Washington Bridge has cleared the American people of any wrongdoing in suspecting that New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie might have played a role in the September episode.
"This a complete vindication of the public and every one of its doubts," the report concluded. "Now perhaps, with the governor's cooperation, we can get back to having the government do the people's business."
In the report, the public's lawyers describe their clients as a heroic but unwitting hoi polloi, blindsided and traffic-snarled but still relentlessly determined to learn the truth about the September episode.
In one meeting held by its senior staff, after the executive director of the Port Authority had condemned the lane closings as likely illegal, the public raised its voice, paced the room and demanded that Mr. Christie and his aides be made to admit to any role they may have played, the report recounts.
Kevin Roberts, a spokesman for Mr. Christie, would not comment on Thursday about the governor's reaction to the report. Asked if the Mr. Christie would fire anyone in his administration or ask someone to step down or make available to the public the interviews that his lawyer asserts "vindicate" the governor in the traffic-jam scheme run by his aides, Mr. Roberts said that was something Mr. Christie would address as early as Friday "in more expansive public comments with respect to the report and its recommendations."
At a heated televised news conference, Randy M. Mastro, the former federal prosecutor Mr. Christie hired to lead his own inquiry into the lane closings, referred to the public as a liar, cast doubt on the credibility of the its law team and accused the electorate of political intimidation.
Mr. Mastro went so far as to describe a romantic relationship between Mr. Christie and the American people, seemingly insinuating - without providing specific evidence - that a breakup between the two may have colored the public's judgment.
"This report was meant to whitewash the public's reputation as a bully, but it actually confirms that when it comes to the governor of New Jersey, much of the public does embrace a culture of intimidation and retaliation," said a supporter of Mr. Christie.
Other supporters of the governor have taken issue with the report's depiction of Mr. Christie as "seeming emotional." and "habitually concerned about how he is perceived by the public." And they bristle at suggestions that the governor may have been overwrought and distracted after his political relationship with a Democratic mayor had ended.
This unbecoming depiction stands in stark contrast to the report's portrayal of the public as firm and seeking only the truth as the bridge scandal unfolded. Even when Mr. Christie was re-elected, the report notes, it was "as though he lacked the expertise and background of Gov. Jon Corzine," a reference to the man Mr. Christie defeated in the governor's race in 2009 and who would later encounter some legal trouble when MF Global, the brokerage company he was heading, lost track of $1.6 billion that was supposed to be in its customers' accounts.
The report tells the public's story in far more flattering terms, describing its "heroic survival" of the traffic jam at the George Washington bridge, and noting that after hearing rumors about the lane-closing plot, the public "personally" moved swiftly to investigate them.
It recounts in glowing detail the people's self-effacing decision to cancel trips to Disney World with their wives so as to be present for the governor's news conferences.
Only the lies, the cover-ups, and its decision to hand Mr. Christie an overwhelming re-election victory last fall kept the public from suspecting the wrongdoing much earlier, according to the report.
With its once tattered reputation back intact, the public says it is looking forward to going on the offensive again against the New Jersey governor and taking a long overdue vacation somewhere far from the George Washington Bridge.
With its calls for Mr. Christie to release accounts of interviews conducted in connection with the investigation his office commissioned, the public seems to have regained some of its swagger.
And this time, it is keeping its message simple for the governor.
"All Chris Christie has to do," the governor's constituents wrote in a statement, "is read this thorough and exhaustive inquiry to understand just how above reproach the public is "
Philip Maddocks writes a weekly satirical column. He can be reached at pmaddocks@wickedlocal.com.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) during the postoperative period for prevention of postoperative morbidity and mortality following major abdominal surgery
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Aug 1;2014(8):CD008930. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008930.pub2.
Claire J Ireland 1 , Timothy M Chapman, Suneeth F Mathew, G Peter Herbison, Mathew Zacharias
1 Department of Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, Dunedin Hospital, Great King Street, Dunedin, New Zealand.
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008930.pub2
Background: Major abdominal surgery can be associated with a number of serious complications that may impair patient recovery. In particular, postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs), including respiratory complications such as atelectasis and pneumonia, are a major contributor to postoperative morbidity and may even contribute to increased mortality. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a type of therapy that uses a high-pressure gas source to deliver constant positive pressure to the airways throughout both inspiration and expiration. This approach is expected to prevent some pulmonary complications, thus reducing mortality.
Objectives: To determine whether any difference can be found in the rate of mortality and adverse events following major abdominal surgery in patients treated postoperatively with CPAP versus standard care, which may include traditional oxygen delivery systems, physiotherapy and incentive spirometry.
Search methods: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) 2013, Issue 9; Ovid MEDLINE (1966 to 15 September 2013); EMBASE (1988 to 15 September 2013); Web of Science (to September 2013) and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) (to September 2013).
Selection criteria: We included all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in which CPAP was compared with standard care for prevention of postoperative mortality and adverse events following major abdominal surgery. We included all adults (adults as defined by individual studies) of both sexes. The intervention of CPAP was applied during the postoperative period. We excluded studies in which participants had received PEEP during surgery.
Data collection and analysis: Two review authors independently selected studies that met the selection criteria from all studies identified by the search strategy. Two review authors extracted the data and assessed risk of bias separately, using a data extraction form. Data entry into RevMan was performed by one review author and was checked by another for accuracy. We performed a limited meta-analysis and constructed a summary of findings table.
Main results: We selected 10 studies for inclusion in the review from 5236 studies identified in the search. These 10 studies included a total of 709 participants. Risk of bias for the included studies was assessed as high in six studies and as unclear in four studies.Two RCTs reported all-cause mortality. Among 413 participants, there was no clear evidence of a difference in mortality between CPAP and control groups, and considerable heterogeneity between trials was noted (risk ratio (RR) 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.35 to 4.66; I(2) = 75%).Six studies reported demonstrable atelectasis in the study population. A reduction in atelectasis was observed in the CPAP group, although heterogeneity between studies was substantial (RR 0.62, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.86; I(2) = 61%). Pneumonia was reported in five studies, including 563 participants; CPAP reduced the rate of pneumonia, and no important heterogeneity was noted (RR 0.43, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.84; I(2) = 0%). The number of participants identified as having serious hypoxia was reported in two studies, with no clear difference between CPAP and control groups, given imprecise results and substantial heterogeneity between trials (RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.22 to 1.02; I(2) = 67%). A reduced rate of reintubation was reported in the CPAP group compared with the control group in two studies, and no important heterogeneity was identified (RR 0.14, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.58; I(2) = 0%). Admission into the intensive care unit (ICU) for invasive ventilation and supportive care was reduced in the CPAP group, but this finding did not reach statistical significance (RR 0.45, 95% CI 0.18 to 1.14; I(2) = 0).Secondary outcomes such as length of hospital stay and adverse effects were only minimally reported.A summary of findings table was constructed using the GRADE (Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) principle. The quality of evidence was determined to be very low.
Authors' conclusions: Very low-quality evidence from this review suggests that CPAP initiated during the postoperative period might reduce postoperative atelectasis, pneumonia and reintubation, but its effects on mortality, hypoxia or invasive ventilation are uncertain. Evidence is not sufficiently strong to confirm the benefits or harms of CPAP during the postoperative period in those undergoing major abdominal surgery. Most of the included studies did not report on adverse effects attributed to CPAP.New, high-quality research is much needed to evaluate the use of CPAP in preventing mortality and morbidity following major abdominal surgery. With increasing availability of CPAP to our surgical patients and its potential to improve outcomes (possibly in conjunction with intraoperative lung protective ventilation strategies), unanswered questions regarding its efficacy and safety need to be addressed. Any future study must report on the adverse effects of CPAP.
Abdomen / surgery*
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure*
Hypoxia / prevention & control
Pneumonia / prevention & control*
Postoperative Complications / mortality
Postoperative Complications / prevention & control*
Pulmonary Atelectasis / prevention & control*
Retreatment / statistics & numerical data


text:
Q: Json output display print pretty I am trying to display print pretty.  Having a hard time remembering the line. Google isn't giving me much help
$json_output = json_encode($json_output)

A: $JSON_output = json_encode($JSON_output,JSON_PRETTY_PRINT);


text:
Q: php force download on ubuntu I have i a php script which working fine on windows to force download file from external link file. I mean download on my computer and read the donwloaded file well done
But in my ubuntu the same code download but for reading it's a big problem .I have the folloing error with "eye of gnome" :=Error interpreting JPEG image file (Not a JPEG file: starts with 0x3c 0x70) =
Maybe i have to change headers i think so buttt... any idea will welcome thx
// required for IE, otherwise Content-disposition is ignored
if (ini_get('zlib.output_compression'))
            ini_set('zlib.output_compression', 'Off');

// addition by Jorg Weske
        //$file_extension = strtolower(substr(strrchr($filename, "."), 1));
        header("Pragma: public"); // required
        header("Expires: 0");
        header("Cache-Control: must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0");
        header("Cache-Control: private", false); // required for certain browsers
        header("Content-Type: application/force-download; name=\"$filename\"");
// change, added quotes to allow spaces in filenames, by Rajkumar Singh
        header("Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=\"" . basename($filename) . "\";");
        header("Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary");
//header("Content-Length: ".filesize($filename));
        readfile("$filename");
        exit();

A: 0x3c 0x70 = <P. Are you sure your PHP script is not sending any HTML before the JPEG data? The script may also generate a warning or notice that gets sent before the JPEG data.


A NEW WORLD MUSIC AND CULTURE CURRICULUM JUST RIGHT FOR YOU!
Keys to Imagination is proud to introduce classroom teachers to Are We There Yet?: A Musical Journey Around the Globe, an interdisciplinary program that teaches students about world music, instruments, culture, and geography though colorful interactive slides, videos, text, photos, music, crafts, games and puzzles. Designed to be used on any computer, tablet or smart board, this curriculum is easy to navigate and completely done for you! Use Boomwhackers or rhythm instruments to enhance the experience! Customize your instruction by choosing the activities that fit your needs.
The countries currently in the program are Africa, Australia, Thailand, South Korea, United States, and Canada with more to come!
18 native folk songs (3 per country) – Sing in unison or add rhythm band parts and Boomwhackers for additional levels of learning.
Create an impressive multimedia performance by adding the acompaniment slide show DVD, showcasing photos from the curriculum.
Geography, people, places and characteristics of each country's music.
Make your own instruments from household items such as wrapping paper tubes and shoe boxes.
Reproducible Boomwhackers, Rhythm Instruments and Vocal and Piano Accompaniment Music for 18 Folk Songs, and Teacher Guide with ideas for additional games and a complete supply list.
Bring a world music expert, Dr. Deborah Brener, into your classroom! This program is comprehensive and aligned with the national standards. All music and accompaniments are included. No experience in world music necessary.
Coordinate reading and writing assignments to correlate with the country you are currently studying to expand the program even more! Consider connecting with a group or class from that country and become "pen pals or SKYPE pals" to create more cross-culture communication and understanding.
For more information, visit our website at Keys to Imagination-Are We There Yet?
Journey back in time in this museum to learn about innovations that have helped shaped music history. This game helps to motivate students to practice and complete goals for the entire year!
Each student gets a character piece to use on the game board. For each day students practice the required amount or completed a given goal, set by the teacher, they will earn one space on the giant heavy-duty vinyl game board hung in the studio.
Students must visit all 12 exhibits to earn collector cards. Each card provides fun facts about innovations during each of the following eras: Prehistoric, Ancient, Medieval, Renaissance, Baroque, Romantic, Classical, Impressionistic, Modern, Contemporary, 21st Century and the future.
Musicians generally possess adequate knowledge of music history and how music has progressed. We discuss composers, eras, and styles with our students as they learn new pieces. With this in mind, our initial intention was to have this be a music history museum to reinforce our music history instruction. As we were developing this game, we found ourselves fascinated with the innovations that have affected the way music has changed. Beginning with prehistoric instruments and carrying through to the present, there have been drastic changes not only with the instruments themselves, but in the methods of producing and sharing music. Those innovations directly impacted the lives of composers and musicians.
There were so many innovations that we couldn't possibly include everything in this game, however we have included more activities and information in the teachers materials. There are links to websites with music played on the instruments of the different periods as well as informational videos about the inventions such as the printing press and harpsichord as well as later technology. It will be fun to see the students' reaction to music played on a Victrola!
It was amazing to see how much has changed since I was a young music student! Where can we possibly go from here? The final project for the students who participate in this game is very exciting! I discussed it with some of my students and they were very eager to get started!
In a future article, I will recommend some music books to use for our young students as a companion to this game.
Are We There Yet? A Musical Journey Around the Globe for Home schooling.
Keys to Imagination is proud to introduce homeschooling parents to a curriculum that anyone can present even if you do not read music! Are We There Yet?: A Musical Journey Around the Globe is an interdisciplinary program that teaches students about world music, instruments, culture, and geography through colorful interactive slides, videos, text, photos, music, crafts, games and puzzles. Designed to be used on any computer or tablet, this curriculum is easy to use and completely done for you! There is no need for you to be able to read music! Customize your instruction by choosing the activities that fit your needs.
Coordinate reading and writing assignments to correlate with the country you are currently studying to expand the program even more! Consider connecting with a group or class from that country and become "pen pals" to create more cross-culture communication and understanding.
Bring a world music expert, Dr. Deborah Brener, into your home! This program is completely done for you and aligned with the national standards. It is easy for music or non-music teachers to use; no experience in world music needed and you don't have to know how to read music!


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Paloma Garcia Hosts Immersion Day
By Shannon Gaitz on February 18, 2019 in Education, News 0
After launching her own Sydney salon in 2018, fittingly named PALOMA, Paloma Garcia continued forging an admirable industry path with an Immersion Day this month. She inspired her team from an internal salon perspective and an external industry take as well.
"I hired a gorgeous house in Bellevue Hill and we kicked off with Jamie Gonzalez who gave us a session on living a limitless life," Paloma said. "We then moved into a PALOMA recap on the last 7 months since the salon launched and celebrated all our successes. Then Chris Hammond from Rouge Beauty took us through some more in depth history of Oribe the brand and what makes it so special, which is vital to our salon as well."
"The second half of the day moved into luxury retail training, important general concepts such as emotion versus intelligence and learning more about what the consumer wants and expects from us," she continued. "The afternoon was all about brainstorming as a team and coming up with creative and innovative ideas for the salon. We then finished off with dinner at Totties in Bondi. It was truly a great day and night!"
The salon focuses on Paloma's own passion for wellness and creating the ultimate salon journey, delivering a client experience and salon with a fresh, bespoke feel. Paloma boasts 17 years of experience in the industry with a long list of celebrity clientele, while also acting as the Oribe editorial ambassador for Australia and having backstage credits at international Fashion Weeks to her name.
The salon caters to clients in a tailored and unique way, with an original and efficient dry bar for express services, while also helping the planet with 98 per cent recyclables and working with the Sustainable Salons network to collect, repurpose and redistribute resources such as packages, clipping and tools.
"I really wanted to create something different for my clients, and ensure that everyone who comes to my salon space is offered a truly personalised experience, from the moment they walk in the door to the moment they leave," Paloma said at the time of the launch.
"I have gone above and beyond to carefully select a group of super talented and experienced hairstylists from around Australia that are renowned for their beautiful haircuts, styles and colour, and have also ensured that the products we use and stock are luxurious and pampering," she said.
For more information visit www.paloma-salon.com
education, newsletter-3-4, Oribe, paloma, paloma-rose-garcia, Rogue Beauty, salon
Redken Symposium '19: What You Missed
Wella Professionals Launches Hero Products In Partnership with Mardi Gras 2019


A good opening in a personal statement is the key to get your reader's attention. Making a personal statement is not easy. A personal statement requires time and effort. That is why it is something that should be done with plenty of time in advance. If a person does not write his personal statement with enough time in advance it can result in frustration and many mistakes could be made, and here our experienced personal essay writers can help. Enough time is necessary because the right content with the right words need to be chosen, and it should be edited in a way to make the reader feel curious and interested about the person who wrote it.
All of that effort should not be forgotten at the time of closing the personal statement. A strong personal statement makes the reader confirm the good opinion that he made about the applicant, as he read the personal statement the reader formed a concept of this person. In this article, you will learn how to finish a personal statement. It is vital that you know how, so you can present a perfect personal statement.
Personal statement length. There's no defined perfect personal statement length, the word count varies from 500 words to 1200 and will depend on the university you've picked. There're certain online personal statement length checkers that you can use to be confident that you don't write too much or too little.
The opening should include the first paragraph that needs to uncover your writing intentions. Give the subject introduction and outline what topics you're going to cover in your personal statement. Provide the main aspects of your writing, give the reader insight into the topic by providing your personal reasons of interest, try to explain straightforwardly why you're interested in the subject matter. You may start the narration with an interesting personal statement opening line like a citation (but not overused) or a statistics, slight humor or another type of opening hook for writing that should not sound too cheezy. Mention what motivates you to take this course, how your interest developed over the years, what you have done to pursue it or how you've drawn inspiration from your current studies. The opening should not exceed 150 – 200 words in total.
The second paragraph should describe your previous experiences and knowledge relevant to the subject matter, give the evidence that you fit the course – not only that you meet the selection criteria but also that you've researched the course or profession and understand what studying the subject at university level will involve. The third and fourth paragraphs should include your work experience and skills (if any) or activities at school. You should not only list them in the plain matter but to provide the insight of how they changed your life – what knowledge you gained. Such activities also help to find out more about you as a personality, such could be volunteering, a university taster session or outreach program, summer schools, or other activities of social value. Outline how you've pursued your interest in your chosen subject beyond your current syllabus.
How to finish a personal statement? That's where the outcomes should be all situated. It is the 5th paragraph that makes the conclusion for all your personal statement, here you should concentrate the main idea in the most laconic style as possible. Summarize the main ideas in the short form, mention your future plans and provide the idea again why your candidature bears the highest value in term of bringing new prospects and generating the new values. Show your critical thinking by pointing at the gaps in the subject or industry that is still unfilled and describe your plans for the future concerning them. Watch out! The conclusion part as well as an opening paragraph, should not exceed the 1/3 of the overall narration length, try to keep it between 150 – 200 words.
Don't be trapped by the desire to out the poor and generic information at the end of your personal statement as it makes the "second first impression".
It is recommended in the conclusion of your personal statement, to make reference to your opening. Remember, the opening was your way into the reader's mind. With the opening, you were able to catch his attention and you started to develop your personal statement around that idea. The personal statement closing paragraph should be linked to that opening and it should give the final reason why you deserve to be allowed to study that career that interests you the most. Read about Boston university essay prompt on our site.
The key to knowing how to close a personal statement is in understanding the logical development of the personal statement, so at the end the reader can determine that you are a person who is excited about going to the university, and a person who will be able to overcome all the different challenges that he may encounter. At this point, you have allowed the reader to know many things about yourself, and now you have the opportunity to show appreciation for his attention. You can also add that you feel excited about what is next and express that you are thankful for considering your application.
You tried so hard, but your personal statement or Purdue university application essay got rejected, why? Let's sort out the most common issues and understand how you should not finish your personal statement.
There is no doubt that a good closing paragraph is vital in a personal statement. Those who want to take the time to make a good personal statement will be able to get into the university that they desire no matter what. It is obvious when someone has done his best to present an honest, unique and well prepared personal statement. That is exactly what makes them achieve their goals because they try hard to make things good. When you analyze what is necessary to create a good personal statement, you realize that it is not something impossible to do, it just requires time and effort. Something that anyone who strongly desires to get into the university of his choice will be able to accomplish.
Get a hand from the personal statement service to help you write your personal statement and be ready to reach your goals!


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April 22, 2017 Jack McCurry
Browns Draft History: #108 pick
Leading up to the NFL Draft, I'll be looking back at past draft picks for the Browns based on the picks they currently hold in the 2017 Draft.
Today we'll look at the 108th pick, the Browns have held this pick three times previously.
1952-Bob Finnell
No info on Finnell, he never played in an NFL game.
1954-DT Tom Jones, Miami (OH)
I didn't find much info on the Browns ninth round pick in 1954. He played in only two games in the 1955 season and that's all that was of Jones' NFL career.
However, he was still apart of the 1955 championship team.
1958-DB Bernie Parrish, Florida
A ninth round pick, Parrish established himself as a "steal" for head coach/GM Paul Brown.
In eight seasons with the Browns, he recorded at least two interceptions in all but one season.
In 1960, he had 6 interceptions including a 92 yard return for a touchdown.
In 1961, he had a career best 7 interceptions.
He was also apart of two championship teams with the Browns in 1960 and 1963, the same years he was selected to the Pro Bowl.
He spent his last season with the Houston Oilers after playing just one game with the Browns.
5 fumble recoveries
4 defensive touchdowns
2 Pro Bowl appearances
Bernie Parrish
Bob Finnell
Previous Browns Draft History: #65 Pick
Next Cleveland Browns 2014 NFL Re-Draft


This sermon aims to discuss the power of God's salvation that comes to us at Christmas: Christ has come!
The book of Revelation does not seem like a place to turn when looking for a sermon on Christmas. In fact, Revelation is probably the last place you would look to find the story, message, and hope of Christmas. However, Revelation gives insight into three Christmas realities: the history, the tension, and the power of Christmas. This sermon aims to discuss the power of God's salvation that comes to us at Christmas: Christ has come! Read Matthew 9:35-38, Matthew 28:18-20, and Romans 15:23-28 to gain insight on Christ's compassion, instruction, and heart for the gospel as it blesses and strengthens lives.
If the Charles Dickens character Ebenezer Scrooge is any indication, many people experience Christmas as "the unhappy holidays." As one maid said one sad Christmas, "We have no money for gifts. I don't have a job. I feel like Job's twin. It's the unhappy holidays this year! I'm tired of hearing, 'Happy holidays!'"
Jesus came to earth by bursting into history as God's Son. Jesus arrived on the scene in a world of political tension, with the Romans and Jews at odds over politics, and Caesar Augustus at odds with Jerusalem and Judea. Jesus' birth delivered a new kind of reign, one different than the powerful Augustus.
The book of Revelation provides three things: visions of the future, appeals to the Church to follow Jesus, and God's plan for daily living in the midst of turmoil. What does Revelation 12:1-6 tell us about Christmas?
Revelation 12:1-2 unfold the drama of Christmas: the story of a virgin, a child to be born, and the pain of labor. In two simple sentences the writer of Revelation, John on the Greek isle of Patmos, revealed the history of Christmas. A virgin, Mary, gives birth to a child. The child comes into the world through the pain of labor. The child arrives in simplicity, a stable stall in Bethlehem in quietness beneath a star. Revelation 12:1-2 mentions twelve stars, no doubt a reference to the twelve tribes of Israel and an implied inference to God's plan of salvation through Abraham (Genesis 12:1) fulfilled in Jesus the Messiah.
In the birth of Jesus, God came to earth fully divine and fully man. Theologians and scholars name the event the "incarnation." God became flesh and dwelt among us, full of grace and truth (John 1:14). He came to earth, lived, died on the cruel cross, and rose again. He came, ultimately, to bring new life and eternal salvation. Christ makes all things new (II Corinthians 5:17).
I like the words of the Boston preacher Phillips Brooks in the 1800s: "The earth has grown old its burden of care, but at Christmas it is always young." History unveils the drama of Jesus' birth into the world. Christmas arrives in simplicity, glory and splendor, God's child with small fingers and hands, yet God's hands holding the world in his hands.
Think for a minute of what Christmas means: the newness, the freshness, the happiest of holidays because we celebrate the birth of Christ. The holidays are happy when we look back at Christmas and rediscover the freshness and newness of Christ's love, mission, and plan for our lives. At Christmas Christ lifts burdens and delivers a youthful excitement.
But did Jesus come without tension, at a time with no anxiety or problems in the world?
Revelation 12:3-5 mentions the birth of Christ in its tension. The image provided is that of a fiery red dragon, fierce and opposed to the birth of the Christ child. Without explaining in detail, the red dragon symbolizes the opposition to Christ. In a sense, it refers to the lust of the flesh, the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life. More specifically, it serves as an inference that Satan is alive and well on planet earth!
The early Church experienced the reality of Christ's coming daily - a war against culture, and an internal war against sin in the human heart. The drama of Revelation, its powerful image of the red dragon, indicates what Peter warned of in I Peter 5:8, "The devil is on the prowl as a roaring lion seeking whom he may devour." The devil aims to destroy. Tension swirls in our world. The result is anger, bitterness, broken relationships, and shattered hopes. Our struggle is against sin, the flesh, and the devil.
That is exactly why Christ came: to restore the broken, to comfort the battered, to lift up the fallen, to remove anger and replace it with joy, to turn the unhappy holidays into the happy Holy days of Christmas! Christ has come to bring peace, hope, and love.
To those who understood God's plan, Jesus' birth brought pure joy. Dietrich Bonhoeffer, in Christmas Sermons, puts it this way: "The coming of God is not only a message of joy, but also fearful news for anyone who has a conscience" (p. 25). Bonhoeffer's words share the good news in reverse: Those who reject Christ should fear, and those who believe in Christ should fear not!
How, then, should we live today?
Revelation 12:6 says, "And her child was caught up to God and His throne." The writer of Hebrews 12:3 says that we are to look to Jesus as the author and finisher of our faith. Jesus is with God and His throne, and that is where we are to look. We look to Christ this Christmas. In the tension - worldwide, local, and personal - look to Christ. In the unhappy holidays, look to Christ and ask him to make them holy.
Revelation ends as it begins - revealing Jesus Christ as Savior and Lord. Revelation instructs us to keep our eyes on Jesus, the Alpha and Omega, the One who will soon come. Revelation pulls back the curtain and unveils the drama: Christ has come to secure our future with salvation, strength for today, and hope for tomorrow. The power of Christmas is in Christ.
And so, I think of Christmas: the lights, the decorated trees, the ceramic manger scenes on mantles, Mary and Joseph struggling into Bethlehem on that starlit night. I think of Christmas: the stable stall and the pain and pangs of labor and the sound of a baby wailing in the night. I think of Christmas: an angry Herod, and a moaning mother, and a sweating Joseph, and then the gentle coo of a child. I think of Christmas: the birth of a child, and the red dragon, Michael and his angels at war, and Jesus defeating evil. It does not have to be unhappy or unholy. Look to Jesus. Look to him now.
And so I conclude with these words, the same ones you'll find at the end of Revelation (22:21): "The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all. Amen." Oh, happy holidays! Merry Christmas! Christ has come. Rejoice! Again, I say rejoice!
Dr. John D. Duncan is senior pastor of First Baptist Church Georgetown, Texas. He holds M. Div. and D. Min. degrees from Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary in Fort Worth, Texas. He is near completion of a Ph. D. in New Testament from the Open University in the United Kingdom. He often travels to study in Cambridge, England, and is a big fan of the Dallas Mavericks.
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Her married name became Trevor. Her married name became Puleston.
Sir John Trevor was the son of John Trevor and Margaret Jeffreys.2 He married Jane Mostyn, daughter of Sir Roger Mostyn, 1st Bt. and Prudence Lumley.2 He died on 20 May 1717.


WA's Best Kitchens & Bathrooms 2009 163 MIRRORS, storage units and shower shelving can also be found at Marbletrend. ABOUT MARBLETREND Founded in 1939, Marbletrend was originally named John Penman Patterns. The company prospered through sound business practice and astute vision of future growth markets. In the late 1970s John Penman Patterns seized an opportunity to satisfy the rapidly expanding demand for synthetic bathroom products and has never looked back. Since then, the company has concentrated solely on bathroom products, changing its name to Marbletrend in the 1980s to reflect its focus on bathrooms. In coming years Marbletrend will continue to invest in research and development of new technologies to enhance the quality of its products. FAST FACTS 11 Cressall Road, Balcatta Phone: (08) 9240 7299 Email: wasales@marbletrend.com.au Web: www.marbletrend.com.au CONSISTENT DESIGN across all products is a union of form and function, which epitomises contemporary minimalism and elegance.


When: Wed., July 10, 11 a.m.-12 p.m., Fri., July 12, 2-3 p.m., Sat., July 13, 2-3 p.m., Wed., July 17, 11 a.m.-12 p.m., Fri., July 19, 2-3 p.m., Sat., July 20, 2-3 p.m., Wed., July 24, 11 a.m.-12 p.m., Fri., July 26, 2-3 p.m. and Sat., July 27, 2-3 p.m.
By Allison Gregory, based on the book series by Barbara Park. Something terrible happened to Junie B. Jones at school today! Someone stole her new furry mittens! So when Junie B. finds a wonderful pen of many colors, she should be allowed to keep it, right? Because finders keepers, losers weepers. And guess what? There's a new boy in kindergarten and he is the handsomest. The only thing is both Grace and Lucille want him to be their boyfriend.Maybe he will love Junie B. when he sees her wonderful pen! It is okay to keep it, right?


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Stratasys Announces Formation of Vulcan Labs, Inc.to Advance Innovation of Powder-Bed Fusion technology
New Company Set to Advance Innovation of Powder-Bed Fusion (PBF) Additive Manufacturing
Stratasys spin-off tasked with improving quality, repeatability, and efficiency of PBF-based systems - bringing power of PBF into real-world production
MINNEAPOLIS & REHOVOT, Israel--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Apr. 3, 2018-- Stratasys Ltd. (NASDAQ: SSYS), a global leader in applied additive technology solutions, today announced a new spin-off designed to advance innovation of Powder-Bed Fusion (PBF) additive manufacturing - Vulcan Labs, Inc.Vulcan's solutions are engineered to meet the complex demands of end-use production applications – aimed at significantly overcoming typical deficiencies of productivity, quality, and certification. The company's primary focus is advancing the quality, repeatability and efficiency of PBF technology – initially focusing on metals.
Originating from the 2014 acquisition of the production-oriented service bureau Harvest Technologies, Vulcan Labs is actively collaborating with application partners to advance technology accessibility and meet the stringent requirements of production-ready applications. Built as a standalone entity to harness the qualities of fast-moving entrepreneurial entities, Vulcan Labs will aim for advancing the rapid introduction of enhanced PBF-based solutions.
With decades of deep experience across real-world production applications of both polymers and metals, the company's management team includes industry pioneer David K. Leigh. An original Founder and CEO of Harvest Technologies, Mr. Leigh is considered a market leader with deep additive manufacturing expertise specifically aligned with end-use parts applications in the most demanding industries, including: Aerospace, Defense, Automotive, Oil & Gas and more.
Designed towards advancing PBF platforms to achieve end-use production applications and now targeting metals, Vulcan Labs' quality-focused solutions are currently being developed to include:
Optimized build environments and unique multi-laser scan strategies
Closed loop melt pool quality control
Detailed Data Logging and Integration to the factory floor
Automated powder handling and in-situ powder quality characterization
Automated calibration and build set-up capabilities
"We're extremely excited to continue our long-standing collaboration with Stratasys that began back in 2014. Together, we'll continue to explore unique solutions that strengthen the production ecosystem across additive manufacturing," said David K. Leigh, CEO of Vulcan Labs, Inc. "Our team will bring a unique perspective to solving many of the issues from an end-user perspective. We're looking forward to delivering new solutions for customers to take control of their applications, while having the tools in place to manage their own quality."
"Vulcan's best-in-class team has both the experience and technical know-how necessary to bring PBF into real-world production – a vision perfectly aligned and complementary to our other activities in this space, including Stratasys Direct Manufacturing and our investment in LPW," said StratasysCEO, Ilan Levin. "To provide Vulcan with the best path to achieve its vision, we decided to form a new and independent entity, with Stratasys as an equity stakeholder. We are delighted to continue supporting this team and look forward to collaborating with them and their partners to achieve this vision."
In the coming months, Vulcan will engage with partners and customers to evaluate and further develop Vulcan's solutions. Parties interested in joint development opportunities are encouraged to contact Vulcan Labs.
Vulcan Labs, Inc. is the result of a spin-off of Stratasys' incubation activities and is located in Belton, TX. Vulcan aims to develop production-focused solutions based on Powder Bed Fusion technology that assist in increased build efficiency, quality verification, and factory floor integration. For more information, please visit www.vulcan-labs.com.
Stratasys (NASDAQ: SSYS) is a global leader in applied additive technology solutions for industries including Aerospace, Automotive, Healthcare, Consumer Products and Education. For nearly 30 years, a deep and ongoing focus on customers' business requirements has fueled purposeful innovations—1,200 granted and pending additive technology patents to date—that create new value across product lifecycle processes, from design prototypes to manufacturing tools and final production parts. The Stratasys 3D printing ecosystem of solutions and expertise—advanced materials; software with voxel level control; precise, repeatable and reliable FDM and PolyJet 3D printers; application-based expert services; on-demand parts and industry-defining partnerships—works to ensure seamless integration into each customer's evolving workflow. Fulfilling the real-world potential of additive, Stratasys delivers breakthrough industry-specific applications that accelerate business processes, optimize value chains and drive business performance improvements for thousands of future-ready leaders. Corporate headquarters: Minneapolis, Minnesota and Rehovot, Israel. Online at: www.stratasys.com, http://blog.stratasys.com and LinkedIn.
Stratasys is a registered trademark and the Stratasys signet is a trademark of Stratasys Ltd. and/or its subsidiaries or affiliates. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Source: Stratasys Ltd.
Venturing into metal additive manufacturing
Category: Additive Manufacturing - RP


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By Kevin Looby
Means for the Ends: Pipes & Eliminating Leaks
Large-diameter coupling connects oval-shaped pipe ends to eliminate leaks
East Greenbush, N.Y., is a town of approximately 15,000 residents where Tom Kennedy serves as the East Greenbush Water Department general foreman. The municipality purchases its water from nearby Troy, N.Y.; the water is distributed through 10 miles of 36-in. ductile iron pipe to two 5-million-gal tanks.
Originally installed in 1964, the ductile pipe has been deteriorating due to age, with breaks becoming increasingly common. Most recently, Kennedy found that repairs needed to be made about twice a year; twenty years ago, it was only once a year.
In 2011, Kennedy needed to fix a pipe that required a section to be cut out, replaced and connected with two traditional 36-in. couplings. These couplings had multiple bolts to tighten and required digging under the pipe to allow space for crew members to lie on their backs and tighten the lower bolts.
The repair held until January 2016, when the multi-bolt coupling started to leak. Under difficult winter conditions, Kennedy and his crew excavated the pipe and retightened the bolts on one of the couplings. Once fixed, there were no issues until August 2017, when the other end of the same coupling began to leak.
Kennedy needed to minimize downtime to ensure that water service was returned quickly, and wanted the peace of mind that his crew would not have to repeatedly dig up and fix the same connection. After uncovering the pipe and removing the coupling, the crew determined that the end of the pipe was not perfectly round and required a coupling to accommodate its slightly oval shape.
"We did not want to have a situation where we would have to come back to the pipe to do another repair in a few years," Kennedy said. "We wanted a solution that would be permanent and durable enough to withstand ground movement caused by changes in temperature. This is the only 36-in. transmission main that feeds our two 5-million-gal tanks that supply water to our businesses and residents."
Connecting the Ends
Kennedy decided to replace the old coupling entirely rather than retighten the bolts, as he had done at the other end of the section replacement. He wanted to use a new coupling, given the problems with the one used to make the original repair in 2011. Kennedy's crew removed the old coupling and reattached the pipe to the main line with a Hymax large-diameter (HLD) 36-in. coupling.
The coupling meets AWWA Standard C-219, and NSF standards 61 and 372. The end and center rings are made of grade C steel with gaskets available in EPDM, and are compounded for water and sewage. They meet international standards for contact with drinking water. The bridge and spherical spacers are made of stainless steel, while the coupling is coated with 100% fusion-bonded epoxy for enhanced corrosion protection. Nuts and bolts also are made of stainless steel with a rolled thread. These bolts go through a dry treatment process called molecular anti-galling (MAG) based on embedded zinc. MAG eliminates the need to grease bolts and reduces wear from the effects of dirt and sand to prevent galling and enable repeated tightening.
Large-diameter couplings can fit many different sizes of pipe and were especially helpful in East Greenbush, N.Y., where the pipes were not perfectly round.
Kennedy chose Hymax for four reasons, ranging from ease of maintenance to durability.
1. Only four top-facing bolts to tighten. Compared to as many as 18 bolts in other 36-in. couplings, Hymax has only four top-facing bolts to tighten. That allowed Kennedy's crew to quickly install the coupling without digging under the pipe for space to tighten the bolts. With fewer bolts to tighten, crews spend less time in the ditch, which minimizes safety risks. "When you are in a trench 12 ft deep, you want to get the job done as fast as possible," Kennedy said. "Lying down under the pipe to tighten bolts is also hard work because there is less leverage to tighten bolts compared to being on your feet. That's a lot less wear and tear on workers' bodies, too."
2. One-piece, stab-on design. The couplings feature a one-piece, stab-on design that is simple to install and does not require assembling many different parts. With fewer pieces needed for assembly, complications during installation—such as losing bolts in the mud—are kept to a minimum.
3. Fits a wide range of pipe sizes. HLDs have a range of 2.1 in. and can connect pipes for a variety of materials. Most couplings are range-dedicated and limited to a single pipe size. With a greater range, installers have flexibility to make repairs as they uncover pipes of varying sizes in the ditch. Because the pipe Kennedy sought to connect was not perfectly round, the range was advantageous. "With other couplings that we've used, there wasn't much leeway with any deviation in size or if the shape of the pipe wasn't perfectly round," Kennedy said. "With the Hymax, it wasn't a problem to connect the oval-shaped pipe to the coupling with a strong, secure fit."
4. Durable and dynamic. The large-diameter couplings are durable and offered a long-term repair solution because they can absorb dynamic pipe deflection of up to 4 degrees on each end. This allows the coupling to absorb pressure on the pipe due to shifting ground or changing temperatures, and can reduce the risk of damage and cracking while saving resources on future pipe repairs.
The coupling's features helped Kennedy to quickly make the repair and ensure that it remains durable.
Just as important, however, was the fact that the large-diameter coupling was simple and easy to install. With four top-facing bolts, workers did not have to dig under the pipe or lie under it to tighten bolts. The one-piece, stab-on design also made the coupling easy to install. Finally, the wide range of the coupling meant that it could more easily fit pipes that were not perfectly round, such as those requiring repair in Kennedy's situation.
"At the end of the day, it's about reliability and getting the job done right," Kennedy said. "When you have a way to make a repair quickly, and have it secure and durable at the same time, it makes the choice pretty clear and simple."
Kevin Looby is a territory sales manager for Krausz USA. Looby can be reached at 352.789.9552.
A Chain Reaction
Pipe, Couplings
Krausz's Hymax Large-Diameter Couplings


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10 Excruciating Medical Facts About The Crucifixion Of Christ
Aaron J. Daigle September 3, 2017 0
Torture has been part of society for centuries. People use it to punish, to extract information, and to deter others from doing certain things. Different cultures have tried and perfected the vast array of tortures known to mankind. One of those ways—perfected for excruciating pain by the Romans—is crucifixion. It's how the Romans killed Jesus.
But are the nails the only cause of pain? Perhaps something more takes place than what is readily apparent to the naked eye. Today, medical science sheds light on what happens to a victim's body during the process of being crucified. The physiological responses the body undergoes when hanging from the wood are beyond what most of us even realize—and the results are more than grim.
Here are ten excruciatingly painful facts about crucifixion that you may have never realized before.
10 The Victim Suffocates To Death
There are many theories how someone who is crucified dies. The most probable is that he suffocates after many hours or even days of hanging on the cross. The weight of the body pulling down on the diaphragm complicates breathing.[1]
The victim would support his weight by pushing up from the legs while simultaneously pulling up from the wrists. As the leg muscles would tire, he would have to allow his body to hang limp while struggling to breathe. This process continued until the leg muscles gave out, forcing the condemned to hang and suffocate.
9 The Person's Legs Might Be Broken
In some circumstances, an executioner needed to end the crucifixion. To do so, the soldiers would break the victim's legs by smashing the femur bones with a large, heavy mallet. This prevented the person from being able to push up from the feet to reposition the diaphragm for breathing, thus forcing him to suffocate.[2]
It has been said that a broken femur is one of the most painful things a person can experience. The initial physical pain of having both femurs shattered at the same time would be devastating. Furthermore, the psychological torture of feeling death approaching would be mentally unbearable. Even though the condemned may want to die because of the intense suffering of hanging on the cross for so long, the simple fact is that the human brain and body are designed for survival. Pushing up on the legs to breathe is painful, but it satisfies that innate survival instinct. Crushing the victim's legs however, forces him or her to lose control of the battle and to suffocate to death while both the body and the mind instinctively resist the inevitable process of being forced to die.
8 The Nerves In the Arms Rubbed Against The Metal From The Nails
The nails driven into the wrists would pierce the main nerve running through the arm. When the victim pushed up to breathe, the wrists rotated against the nail, which would irritate the nerves and cause intense pain in the arms.[3] The direct exposure of the nerve to the thick slab of metal produced a constant, recurring pain that had to be endured every time the crucified person pulled up to breathe.
This would be like someone having an arm cut off and then having a piece of bone pressed into the open wound and twisted into the nerve.
7 Skin And Muscle Were Ripped Off The Person's Body Before Crucifixion
Photo credit: Newmarket Films
Crucifixion involved more than just nailing someone to a cross or tree. It was proceeded by a beating with a nine-tailed whip that had metal tips and bone clippings on the end of every strap.[4] The executioner strapped the victim to a block of wood while soldiers beat the shard tips of the whip into the back, buttocks, and legs of the condemned. The bones would tear into the flesh and then rip both skin and muscle away when retracted.
This was known as flogging and would sometimes last for extended periods of time. The purpose was to mar the victim beyond recognition up to, but not through, the point of death. Oftentimes, the tails of the whips reached over the back and clung into the front of the shoulders and the chest. The torturers also repeatedly lashed the skull, face, and neck. This tearing away of the human flesh put the victim into an immediate state of shock. Major blood loss ensued. And the procedure was just beginning . . .
6 Wooden Splinters Scourged The Flesh Further
After being flogged with the nine-tailed whip, the victim had to carry a wooden beam to the place of crucifixion.[5] This wood was not smooth and treated. It was a splintered, jagged tree. The ragged plank moved up and down the victim's back, shoving splinters into the open wounds.
This continued after being nailed up. Every time the condemned shifted weight from the feet to the arms then back to the feet, his back rubbed against the splintered wood, causing a constant stabbing into the open flesh. Some of the wooden shreds remained lodged in the muscles and exposed nerve endings. Others simply tore the wounds even further open and then continued to streak the back with gore as the victim shifted.
5 Hypovolemic Shock
The initial beating alone was enough to induce the onset of hypovolemic shock. This occurs when a person loses 20 percent or more of the body's blood supply. The blood loss depletes the body of oxygen and prevents the heart from pumping more blood, which results in even less reaching the cells.[6] The cycle is vicious and can continue until the person dies from the condition.
The symptoms of hypovolemic shock include nausea, profuse sweating, dizziness, confusion, and loss of consciousness. Victims would frequently vomit, which, in some cases, hastened the speed of suffocation as bodily fluids choked and gagged victims who were already struggling to breathe.
4 The Shoulders Dislocate
Photo credit: Matthias Grunewald
This happens at the onset of the crucifixion. The vertical beam is already in the ground. The victim carries the horizontal beam, and then the executioner nails him to it while on the ground. With the person's wrists nailed into the horizontal beam, the executioner lifts and then hammers it into the vertical beam.
When this happens, the victim's feet still aren't nailed into the vertical beam.[7] Therefore he has nothing to push up with, and the weight of the hanging body, once raised, pulls the shoulders out of their sockets. The body then sinks lower, dislocates the wrists.
The result is that the arms are extended at least 15 centimeters (6 in) beyond their normal span of reach. This causes the body to hang in an extended, slumped position, which forces the chest cavity to protrude outward. The extended chest cavity allows for inhalation but makes exhaling nearly impossible. The effect from this is that carbon dioxide is not released from the body as is done through proper exhalation during the natural process of breathing.
3 Cardiac Stress And Hyperventilation
Photo credit: Pontormo
Since the body doesn't get enough oxygen while hanging on the cross, the natural physiological response is to hyperventilate. Not being able to do so, however, the heart pumps harder, trying to overcompensate for the lack of oxygen. The heart then goes into cardiac stress, which can even cause it to rupture inside the chest cavity.[8]
Symptoms of hyperventilation include fever and anxiety. Fever produces aches in the muscles. Since the muscles are already cramping and in spasm, this adds more complication to the severity of the pain. Given the fact that the victim is literally dying in (and from) pain, he is already exceedingly nervous and anxious. Coupling this with the body's physiological responses makes for a sense of nervousness and central nervous system shock that most people today will never experience in their lifetime.
2 Muscle Cramping And Spasms
Photo credit: Leon Bonnat
When a victim his hung on the cross, the knees are bent at a 45-degree angle.[9] This forces the person to sustain the weight of the body with the thigh muscles. It is painful to bend the knees and support one's weight with the thighs alone for even five minutes. Doing this for hours, even days, is unimaginable.
But the victim has to do it. Until the legs are fractured or become too fatigued from days of holding one's body weight, they will resist the cramping and the resulting muscle spasms to breathe. Survival demands it, even if the condemned wishes to just relax long enough to suffocate and end the misery.
1 Pain In The Vital Organs
The natural way for our vital organs to receive oxygen is through the flow of blood. Proper movement of the body's exterior limbs (arms and legs) and their interaction with gravity facilitate this process. The cross interferes. The stationary arms and legs, combined with gravity's work of pulling the blood downward, prevents the vital organs from receiving the proper flow of oxygen.[10]
The organs respond. The body's natural tool for communication when something is wrong is pain. So, the vital organs signal to the brain that something is not right. They do this through the nerves that lead to the pain centers of the brain. Thus, along with all the other excruciating tortures on the cross, the oxygen-deprived organs scream unimaginable pain signals to the brain.
Aside from the ten facts above, it is important to remember two things: First, these do not happen in one nice sequence, with one occurring and then the victim having time to prepare for the next. They all happen at the same time. The combined effect is immense physical pain and torture. Second, the process of crucifixion lasted a long time. This list covers what happens, but reading it takes ten minutes. In some cases, crucifixion has lasted as long as ten days.
Crucifixion was more painful than just feeling three nails. It was an excruciating way to suffer and to die.
Aaron J. Daigle is a published author who blogs frequently and travels full-time as a public speaker in churches, universities, and other public events. You can follow him on Twitter or connect with him on Facebook.
Read more about crucifixion on 10 Interesting Facts About Crucifixion and 10 Horrifying Tortures Used In Ancient Rome.
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10 Weird Facts About Dogs
10 Terrifying Facts About Organ Trafficking
10 Secrets Of Ancient Seals


Get that body moving today!
The heavy workload imposed by medicine can lead to a variety of personal difficulties. These may manifest as reduced physical activity, inadequate sleep, mental health problems, poor eating habits, substance abuse or financial difficulties.
Allow time for regular physical activity.
Allocate enough time for sleep.
Share your feelings with those close to you.
See your general practitioner regularly.
Organise your time efficiently and plan ahead.
Don't rely on fast food.
Avoid excessive alcohol and other drugs.
By maintaining a healthy lifestyle you will find that your whole body and lifestyle will function at a more sustainable level. Contact Personal Trainers Robina today and learn how to keep healthy!
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New Year- It's time for U!!
Are you feeling overweight and unfit?
KICK START the year with an 8 or 12 week challenge!
You have nothing to lose, but the weight!!


ALL LEGO Hero Factory 2014 Invasion From Below wave 1 sets & combinations reviewed!
LEGO Hero Factory Invasion From Below wave 1 ALL PIECES overview!
LEGO Hero Factory Invasion From Below: The minifig-sized Heroes!
Enjoy, and please spread the word!
Woohoo! New hero factory sets! I can't wait to buy these in stores!


Epson PLQ-22 Printer issues like "Windows fails to recognize the new hardware" are not uncommon, especially when you are trying to install your Epson PLQ-22 printer and also connect it to your laptop or computer. It is likely that your printer driver was setup incorrectly in such a case, & for this reason Windows is unable to recognize the device.
Fortunately, printer driver troubles are easy to resolve. Read on to learn more about printer drivers, what causes the more common printer driver complications, & easy methods to troubleshoot printer driver trouble.
A laptop printer does not work until you setup the included drivers and software. When you have do not remember the DVD for your printer, you may possibly get the driver for your printer & use the driver to install your printer.
What is Epson PLQ-22 printer driver?
Printer driver are software programs, and their main job is to convert the data you command to print from to the form that is specific to the setup printer. Every printer should come with the software used to deploy a printer in Microsoft Windows and also your operating system.
Download and locate the correct driver that is most compatible with your Epson PLQ-22 printer before going further.
Before get Epson PLQ-22 printer driver, you must know what is your Operating operating system version.
Now you must go to your desktop and click "Computer" or "My computer". Right Click in Computer folder, then click "Properties" & review the system version and name. By doing this, you could obtain the driver your system needs.
When you need get & setup Epson printer driver?
How to setup Epson PLQ-22 printer driver?
Step 1. After everything has been plugged in turn the pc & Epson printer on.
Step 3. Follow the installation wizard & once completed your software is setup.
After you upgrade the machine to Microsoft Windows 10 from Microsoft Windows 7, 8 and also Windows Operating System 8.1, any time your Epson PLQ-22 printer doesn't work at all or doesn't print properly, the Epson PLQ-22 printer driver is almost certainly damaged or incompatible with Windows Operating System 10.
Microsoft indicates that Windows OS 10 may delete some apps & application which are incompatible with the new operating system.
You can easily repair the issue by resetupand updating the Epson PLQ-22 printer driver.


If you're a Mass native (I'm not) you might think it "normal" to name streets for these two seasons, but frankly, based on living in Chicagoland, DC/MD/VA Area, and NYC, and visiting all over the USA, it is the case that other Americans DO NOT name their streets after Winter and Summer. There is definitely something weird going on here. It's like visting Paris and noticing that there are too many streets named for Jean Jaures.
Did did a wave of neo-Druid and solstice-worship suddenly wash over Mass in 1708 while Dudley was governor? (It is a little too early for a Unitarian thing). What happened such that so many towns felt they needed a "Winter" or a "Summer" to stay in someone's good graces?
And it seems unlikely to be a hat tip to the Sumner family.
- Trees from Elm to Willow to Acorn.
If this were seasons, we should see Spring, Fall, or Autumn in the same "thematic clusters", but we don't.
Was a towns Winter street reserved for sleighs?
Was its Summer street kept hotter and drier, or host to "summer markets?"
I love how in Boston's case, Winter actually becomes Summer (and vice versa).
The rest of the country doesn't have Summer and Winter streets? How peculiar, I'd always assumed that they were just street name staples like trees or people.
Where's Westie when you need him?
In support of what was only an impression that they were uniquely-Mass staples, I Googled "Summer Street [Statename]" and while most states have a town or two you just don't get the same crazy density or see them "in a place of honor" as you do in Mass.
Last edited by Arlington; 01-28-2015 at 05:22 PM.
Looking at towns near me in Vermont and New Hampshire most of them have a summer and/or winter street so I think it might even be a New England thing.
If it is a New England thing, maybe look to Old England as the source.
- Boston, Lincolnshire, which has some "summer" stuff, but by 1708 haven't the "sister city" things been forgotten?
- Somerville might have been a variant of Summer, but dates to the 1842 separation from Charlestown and is said to be "purely fanciful" (made up by a committe that didn't like the local-historical names). Winter Hill might still be a live lead.
Last edited by Arlington; 01-28-2015 at 08:07 PM.
I believe Duxbury has all four seasonal streets.
I seem to remember a fairly recently reading that Boston's Summer Street in Winter Street were named fancifully. That also seems like the most likely explanation, with other cities and towns merely following suit.
[quote=FK4;224330]I seem to remember a fairly recently reading that Boston's Summer Street in Winter Street were named fancifully.
I'd love confirmation of that.
That also seems like the most likely explanation, with other cities and towns merely following suit.
If it really was fanciful (and not, say, literary, religious, or "Royal")...then you can definitely see the reason the effect was limited to (or greatest in) New England cities/towns that would be regularly doing business in Boston and thinking "Fancy. We gotta get somma that for our town"
Here's another fun fact: the French word "Avenue" was not used in the USA until after its first use here by L'Enfant in his 1791 plan for the City of Washington.
It appears that many street names were offficially changed in 1708, including King Street (now State), as well as Summer/Winter. I include much quoted material below, but it does not definitively state why the names were chosen. I stick by my theory that they werer purely fanciful and bore no relationship to names, royal houses or any particular relation of the area to those seasons. Of note, the Mass Bay Colony folks started up in Salem, which predates Boston - you will find that many of the downtown Salem street names are identical to Boston's (including Summer). Yould go back through all the towns in England that the Mass Bay Colony folks came from and see if there are Summer Sts. there - not a notable one in Dorchester, England, though.
Common," by the town. May 3,' 1708.
L 832, L 2819, L 2820, L 3936, L 4030, L 4031, L 4032, L 4033.
"The name "Milk Street" was given to the street in 1708 due to the milk market at the location."
There was a high way, sometimes called the high street, laid out from the head of the dock to Mr. Colburn's field, a little south of Elliot street, and beyond that was the 'foot way unto Samuel Wilbour's field next Roxbury.' On the east side of this high way Essex street was laid out, but had no particular name: so was it with Bedford street, which was afterwards called Pond-street, with reference to the watering place to which it led. Summer street and High street had the name of Mill street or lane, because they led to the widow Tuttle's mill. Milk-street was called the Fort street, it being the thorough fare from the high street to the works at Fort hill. State street is called the Water street in Mr. Wilson's deed. Court street as far as Market street had the name of Centry hill street. From the chapel burial ground north and from Market street west to the bottom of Sudbury street, the way was known as Sudbury street, doubtless in reference to the part of England from which many of the Boston people emigrated. In March 1640 it was ordered that the street from Mr. Hough's to the Centry hill should be kept open forever: this was School street and part of Beacon street. Winter, Boylston and Elliot streets were at that time lanes. Thefirst hasat some period borne the name of Blott's lane, from Robert Blott, the first proprietor of one of the eastern corners.
We can trace nothing of Hanover street farther north: in a deed from Thomas Clarke of Dorchester, merchant, to Christopher Stanley we find something like the original of Fleet and Tileston st. though it surprises us to see one of them 'thirty six foote broad unto the lowermost highway and from thence to low water marke thirty foote,'whereas the other 'going towards the mill hill,' was only twelve foote. This lowermost highway was Ann Street' upon the sea bank,' and before Walter Merry's at the North battery it was 16 ft. broad. It followed the shore, as we have supposed, to the mill creek inlet, and was completed in the following order.
'- Pec. 4. 0,-dtred, a fence to he made hetween the two necks.
shall go a high way of twenty foot.'* Here E. Tyng had a house, yard, warehouse and brew-house.
There was also a passage way of seven foot, up from the creek near Bendall's to the lower part of Mr. Keayne's garden at his mud-wall house, in 1639, which probably answers to Wilson's lane or Exchange street. And there was a lane by the old meeting house: Henry Webb, a merchant who lived at the corner had the market place north, and on the east the old meeting house and the lane, which terminated at the Springate or high way by the spring.
Here's another fun fact: the French word "Avenue" was not used in the USA until after its first used her by L'Enfant in his 1791 plan for the City of Washington.
Im a firm believer in proper names for streets - IE street = city street or town way, road means connecting two places and named for destination, avenue should be a legit thoroughfare. Boston / New England is pretty good with the former division between street and road, but Boston fails epically with Ave - so many junky dead end streets that are "avenues" - terrible call!
Apparently the AVE is from 1825, according to the street name record I posted above.
Apparently [LaFayette] AVE is from 1825, according to the street name record I posted above.
I suspect that the Marquis de LaFayette got an Avenue more because he was French than because the street was Avenue-ish. Not sure when Boulevard entered USA use, but it'd have been even less apt.
By what process (and when) did our Boston/Camb/Arl/Lexington Massachusetts Avenue get its name?


Published: Mar 25 at 11 p.m.
Updated: Mar 26 at 11:42 a.m.
A successful wildlife project spanning more than 30 years will once again take place this year in Cape Breton.
The Port Morien Wildlife Association expects to release 200,000 to 250,000 speckled trout into various Cape Breton streams, lakes, ponds and rivers sometime in early May.
This year's project began in early February when the non-profit association received trout eggs from the Nova Scotia Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Aquaculture's Inland fisheries division.
The association has been raising the trout ever since in an incubation and interactive centre, located at the former water treatment building at Sand Lake in Birch Grove.
Jeff McNeil, president of the association, said once they received the eggs, they were placed in a separate tank where they floated in baskets prior to hatching.
The growth process can also be faster and have shorter weeks, depending on the water temperature, something the association is seeing this year.
Although the project is not complete, the association expects at least a 98 per cent success rate in raising the trout, a slight increase from last year's 95 per cent success rate.
"Our members will count the dead loss from the eggs that died, but we're looking at a good success rate right now," said McNeil.
Alevin are shown inside an incubation and interaction centre, located at the former water treatment building at Sand Lake.
The association began raising trout eggs about 35 years ago at its Homeville facility, before the group approached the Cape Breton Regional Municipality and acquired two buildings in the Sand Lake area.
Since the acquisition of the Sand Lake facility, the group has gradually began moving its operations to the new location. The association is also looking at the possibility of putting eggs back in Homeville next year, doubling its capacity.
Once the alevin become fry, members of the association, under authorization and permits issued by the province's inland fisheries division, will release the stock across the island.
The group hopes to stock between 12-15 locations this year but isn't ruling out the possibility of stocking upwards of 20 different areas.
Along with its current project, the association is also active within Cape Breton schools with programs such as Fish Friends and Learn to Fish.
The group places aquariums and chillers in schools and students are able to watch the hatching process as well as learn more about the ecosystem.
Schools participating in the programs this year include Donkin, Riverside in Albert Bridge, Seton Elementary in North Sydney and Bras d'Or Elementary.
Once the trout project is complete, the group will move on to its next project, with the goal of giving back to the environment.
For more information on the Port Morien Wildlife Association, email pmwa1928@gmail.com or visit the association's Facebook page by searching PMWA.


1. Loofahs are supposed to help keep our bodies clean. However, this bath staple is susceptible to trap dirt and bacteria as it is exposed to moisture. To keep them germ-free, try washing it on its own after you shower and placing it in an area where it can dry thoroughly.
2. Are you cleaning your shower curtain liners once a week? If you aren't, it might be time to get into the habit. However, if you have one that has been hung up for a while, it's better to trade it in for a new piece.
3. It's no secret that sponges can accumulate millions of bacteria that can spark health risks. While you can extend its life by disinfecting it weekly, regularly replacing your sponges is still the best option.
4. Non-stick pots and pans work best when replaced every year or whenever streaks and scratches start to show. Chipped pans can release toxic compounds that can cause food poisoning.
5. Believe it or not, cleaning tools need extra TLC, too. How often do you clean your toilet brush? If it is fairly new, you can disinfect it by soaking it in bleach and boiling water. Otherwise, it's best to chuck it in the trash to avoid having strong odors wafting through your home.


text:
Ruth's Records (April 2020)
APRIL WAYS
The first of April is known as April Fools' Day (originally All Fools Day) and an April gowk was the name given to those who had been fooled. The old custom was common in Germany being mentioned in about 1656 but it didn't become popular here until the late 17th century. Nowadays, it has become on the whole the preserve of some children. Gone are the days when youngsters and apprentices were sent on a fool's errand for elbow grease, left-handed cups or a book about Eve's mother.
In 1957 the BBC played a trick on a 'Panorama' programme with a film of a supposed harvesting of spaghetti trees, presumably more plausible then because spaghetti was not that common in English cuisine. Another later hoax, probably in the 1980's, announced that trips down the Solent were planned on HMS Victory. Even now it is not wise to believe all the newspaper articles on 1st April. Similarly in the North of England, May Day Eve was celebrated as 'Mischief Night' when the young had the right to play tricks.
In April, we have important days to celebrate starting with Palm Sunday, the sixth Sunday in Lent, when we recall that Jesus rode into Jerusalem on a donkey. This event is recorded in John's Gospel (12:12-13) when excited crowds greeted Him with waving palm leaves and chanting, "Hosanna, blessed is the King of Israel who comes in the name of The Lord." This joyful day comes before the sad mood of Good Friday, five days later. Palm trees are not native plants in our country but many churches purchase palm crosses to distribute to their congregations. Pussy willow and other greenery would have been gathered for home decorations in this country.
On Maundy Thursday, Queen Elizabeth continues the tradition of giving small purses of Maundy money to elderly, worthy people, the number of which corresponds with her age. Now, the custom takes place at a different cathedral every year. The custom was based on the account of Jesus washing the feet of His disciples after their meal (an event that we always remember on Maundy Thursday). The word 'maundy' comes from 'command'. The monarch no longer washes feet as this custom died out many years ago.
There are quite a number of traditional customs in various parts of our country but Hot Cross Buns continue to be popular everywhere. Now, as we know, these can be bought in supermarkets over many weeks. There is an old street rhyme:
Hot cross buns, hot cross buns,
One a penny, two a penny,
Hot cross buns,
If you have no daughters,
Give them to your sons.
The cross on the bun signifies the crucifixion. In a few Herefordshire churches the custom of 'Pax Cakes' takes place on Palm Sunday when small, shortbread biscuits stamped with the words, "Peace and good neighbourhood" are handed out to the congregation by the vicar but it seems that these cakes have now been changed to a simple biscuit. What a shame!
Eggs are popular at Easter, of course, to signify new life and resurrection. Again, the modern way is for shops to sell them from the New Year. Parents organise 'Easter Egg Hunts' and 'Egg Rolling' for their children. Many schools organise Easter Bonnet making, often as a competition. One doesn't hear so much about new clothes or new hats bought to be worn on Easter Sunday nowadays.
This year in Bavaria, Germany in Oberammergau, the Passion Play will be performed. This tradition started in 1654 after deliverance from the Plague when the community made an oath to show gratitude to God. It is performed every ten years and David and I have been to the 2000 and 2010 performances, as have others in the church, so we can recommend a visit. The whole village takes part although there are strict rules about eligibility. The play, with acting and singing, goes through Holy Week and it is both moving and memorable.
The organisation of the event is fantastic bearing in mind that hundreds and thousands of people world-wide attend over the months it is performed. It must be a great honour to be chosen to be in the play.
Somehow our Christmas celebrations seem to have taken place so recently, when we remembered the birth of Jesus but without Christmas, we cannot have Easter. Jesus was born to die for us so, when you eat your Hot Cross Buns and chocolate eggs, remember what they mean.
Happy Easter Celebration.


Reyada Atanasio '17 "was born in Sudan during the Second Sudanese Civil War" and resettled in the United States with her family under refugee status. "Having been born in a nation that has continually dominated the headlines of international news, it is only natural that I have become passionate about social, political, and cultural issues." She explored these issues at the federal executive level in the Department of State's Bureau of International Affairs, working on tasks involving public affairs, planning, and congressional outreach.
I have been heavily considering a career in the Foreign Service.


Mrs. Anne Marjorie LaFoy (nee: Lorencz) passed away peacefully in her sleep at Rimoka Lodge in Ponoka on April 7th. She was predeceased by her husband Franklin LaFoy in January 1995 and is survived by sons Eric (Nadia) of Boyle, AB and David (Donna) of Calgary, AB and grandchildren Bradley LaFoy of Winnipeg, MB, Heather (Myles) Cain of Yellowknife, NT, Scott LaFoy of Calgary, AB and Danielle LaFoy of Calgary, AB. Prayers will be held at the Ponoka Funeral Home at 7:00 PM Thursday, April 14th and the Funeral Mass will be held at St. Augustine Roman Catholic Church in Ponoka at 11:00 AM on Friday April 15th. Interment to follow at Forest Home Cemetery. In lieu of flowers donations can be made to the Alberta Heart and Stroke Foundation. To express condolences to Anne's family, please visit www.womboldfuneralhomes.com.