text:
Debian and Maven, a crash of culture
Tim O'Brien posted his frustration about the state of Java packaging in Debian. While I'm not affiliated with Debian nor Ubuntu, I wanted to post something in defense.
I completely understand where Tim is coming from. To the eyes of Java developers, the Java packaging in Debian looks completely Sisyphean. We got all the binaries and their dependencies captured in a machine readable form (aka POM). Can't we just take them as-is, do a bit of metadata conversion, and make all those artifacts available to the Debian world so that we can just have a single package manager on Debian? If that's your line of reasoning, you are in for a surprise, because Debian wouldn't like that.
The reason they don't do it is well summarized in the Debian Social Contract. It's the equivalent of the U.S. Constitution for the Debian project — everything they do derive from this. Binary jars are bad for Debian because they don't give the users the freedom to modify them and create derivative works. Debian is not just a means to let you conveniently install all the programs you need. It's a pursuit of certain kinds of freedom.
In that sense, it's somewhat like the "Free Software" movement. They both have some pretty strong guiding principles, and at times, for outsiders they look like they are "wasting" their efforts or being impractical. But the thing is, it's those guiding principles that attract so many people to the effort, and that's what keeps the project going and produce all the incredible good stuff that we use everyday. Criticizing them for their principles while you enjoy the benefits of the very same principles feel bit single-handed to me.
I think a better way forward is to write a little program that takes the source jar (which most jars in the Maven central should already have) and the POM, then generate a build script that simply compiles the source jar into the binary jar. The said program should also inspect the jar file to figure out any resource files, and treat them as source files. That way, we can machine-generate Debian source packages. Granted, not all source packages produced that way would pass the requirements of the Debian Freesoftware Guideline, but I bet substantial number of Maven artifacts are simple enough that this will be actually completely satisfactory. And then humans can concentrate on harder ones.
Anyone interested in giving that a shot?
Posted on March 16, 2012 Author kohsukeCategories UncategorizedTags debian, java, maven, package
12 thoughts on "Debian and Maven, a crash of culture"
Tim O'Brien says:
This sounds really noble, but I don't think you see how that group works. They already have these scripts to try to divine the build from a source jar. It's pretty crazy over there. If we can't render judgements on open source communities just because they produce "incredible good stuff we use every day", what's the use of even having an opinion?
Thomas Koch says:
Thank you for this explanation and defense. I have two resources to add:
– A list of recent opportunities to get infected with malware by trusting unsigned binaries:
http://www.koch.ro/blog/index.php?/archives/153-On-distributing-binaries.html
– Some merits of compiling from source in the Scala/Java world
http://blog.ometer.com/2012/01/24/the-java-ecosystem-and-scala-abi-versioning/
Ean Schuessler says:
I think its fine to have an opinion but listening is also an important skill. The discipline of building from source uncovers all kinds of problems and lets you do broad optimization that isn't otherwise possible. Java focuses on a cross-platform bytecode, so this may seem less important. What if someone came up with a way to get 20% more performance out of java code on 64-bit AMD but it required you to rebuild JARs from source? If you have source as part of the package and all packages build from source, this is trivial. If you distribute binaries then you may have packages in your distribution that *no one* has the source for. How sure is the maven community that some of the source that produced certain binaries was lost because of bad backup policies? Do you really want those kinds of packages on your computer?
Anderas Jackson says:
I should read more about this, but it sounds like all complains from Ruby group about Debians packing of Ruby and RoR.
They, Ruby group, didn't understand the goals of Debian and how the Ruby way of working was in total collision with those.
And Tim, you are not the only one with an opinion. So other are also allowed to give you some critics, are they not? That will not remove your right to complain, even if others think that your critics are not fair.
ehsavoie says:
I think that this should be available on a repository (nexus or some others) thus enabling the generation of deb binaries and source files. Or maybe a simple maven plugin for libs, but for programs something more is required.
But I think also there is some misunderstanding on how java/maven works since they want to have only one version of a lib (if you look at Ubuntu rules on the wiki they explicitely say that the code should work even if the lib version is incorrect).
Michael Wiles says:
Clear up my confusion please… What exactly is the beef that debian has with maven?
I can't see that it is because the source code is not available, because for the majority of libraries in maven repositories, it is, so users can change the source code and recompile.
So is it because the binaries don't get compiled for a particular platform? That goes against the grain of java itself with the write once run anywhere axiom.
Or maybe it is just a packaging thing?
RIck Thomas says:
Thanks for the clear explanation. As a regular Debian user and contributor (though not a "developer") I understood this already, and accepted it as a condition of use. Tim seems to feel that he can take without giving back, and criticize when the things he takes aren't exactly what he likes.
The Debian folks have a standard response for this kind of attitude: "Patches are welcome." If you don't like it, you have the power to fix it. If you fix it, share the fixes.
kohsuke says:
@Michael Wiles
The "beef" is that you cannot build binaries from the source code. Yes, Maven repositories can and do often have source jars, but those by themselves aren't buildable, and in Maven ecosystem we don't rebuild them. This isn't about freedom to compile for a particular platform. It's about the freedom to modify code and then build binaries.
@RIck Thomas
Being a Maven user, I also see the other side as well. Yes, there is a risk that I as a Maven user is running when I download binaries and use them instead of rebuilding it from sources. But hey, it's convenient as hell, it works for me, and I take all kinds of risks everyday anyway (like driving a car.)
When I decide to use a library, there's a certain trust I put to the developers of the said library. Extending that trust to assume they don't put malicious code into the binaries they publish in Maven repositories doesn't sound all that unreasonable (and thanks to PGP we can cryptographically verify that there's no tampering in the middle.)
I'm not trying to pass the judgement here. I'm just saying this is a crash of two cultures, and both cultures have a pretty "reasonable" logic.
Ludovic Claude says:
As the author of 'el loco' Maven repo spec for Debian, I can understand the frustrations of Tim. The Maven repository as revisited by Debian is a compromise between the need to stay compatible with upstream Maven, and deal with the constraints coming from Debian (build from source, try to limit the number of versions for a library to avoid being lost in packages, allow smooth upgrades from a version to another so that a library shared by different software won't break anything when upgrading). This result into something a bit unatural for Maven users, but it's there for a good reason, and it's not meant to be used by casual programmers!
But it's a stepping stone into building more complex Java software into Debian, and benefit from the awsome channel of distribution provided by Debian, Ubuntu, Mint and so many others into end-user computers, servers and clouds. Jenkins benefits from this distribution channel, so does Tomcat, Eclipse and so many other Java software painfully built from source.
The build from source philosophy may seem a burden, but didn't you loose a couple of small but useful projects during the awful migration of dev.java.net? I did, and I wish I had a backup of those sources.
Sysadmins are the main users and drivers of Debian, and they need more certainty when installing a new piece of software on their systems. The first thing a good sysadmin will ask is where does this software comes from? Debian? Known and trusted. Github? No way
I hope this clarify some concerns, and shows you a bit of the value of the work done in Debian.
I forgot to add, for those interested. There is a tool called mh_make, available from the package maven-debian-helper, which tries to automate most of the work for transforming the sources of a Maven project into a Debian package respecting all Debian policies. Still work in progress, but getting useable and useful.
Oliver Doepner says:
Here is a page that explains some of the things the Debian folks are trying to achieve: http://wiki.debian.org/Java/MavenBuilder
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Protection module teardown: Keithley's Model 2657A-PM-200
The Model 2657A-PM-200 Protection Module is designed to protect lower-voltage source measure unit (SMU) instruments that are part of a testing configuration from damage by voltage sources that are greater than 220V
Semiconductor devices capable of handling higher levels of power are finding their way into increasingly higher power applications. To validate these new designs, researchers, fabricators and end-product designers need to be able to test experimental devices at higher power levels, which increases their risk of exposure to electric shock and fire.
When Keithley Instruments introduced a source measure unit (SMU) instrument capable of sourcing up to 3000 V, its designers had to figure out a way to protect both users and other instruments in the test setup. Although the Model 2657A High Power System SourceMeter SMU instrument is designed to handle this level of power safely, other instruments configured into the test system typically are not. If a device under test faults to another terminal, a high voltage output could easily destroy a lower-voltage SMU instrument.
The Model 2657A-PM-200 Protection Module is designed to protect lower-voltage source measure unit (SMU) instruments that are part of a testing configuration from damage by voltage sources that are greater than 220V. Keithley Instruments' engineers designed this protection module for use in applications where a device breakdown or other potential failure could connect the high voltage output of an SMU instrument capable of sourcing up to 3000V to a lower voltage SMU instrument.
Keithley's answer was the Model 2657A-PM-200 Protection Module (Figure 1), which protects against voltage outputs greater than 220 V and lets users safely connect multiple instruments to a probe. It addresses a number of challenges:
• The energy applied to a low voltage terminal must be limited to a level that is safe for equipment and operators in all conceivable fault conditions.
• All terminals must be safe for the rated voltage at that terminal.
• The system design must still allow for the full specified measurement performance.
A "look under the hood":
1. Let's start with the connectors. The connectors on the module's high voltage side are rated for 3000 V. That is high enough for most power device testing, which typically is performed at 3x the rated voltage. The high-voltage triax connector has a special design that prevents a user from being exposed to high voltage. Additionally, unlike a typical through-hole or surface mount connector, the high voltage triax connector is mounted in a routed channel in the PC board. This type of in-board mounting is necessary to ensure sufficient high voltage spacing and low leakage. The high voltage connectors are spread as far apart as possible and employ a driven guard concept that reduces both leakage and settling time.
2. The connectors on the low voltage side are compatible with the high performance triax cables that the low voltage instruments require. By the way, the residual leakage current is less than 10pA, even at the full rated low voltage of 200V. Every terminal of the low voltage side is protected from overvoltage, including the HI force and sense lines, and the LO force and sense lines. Solid-state protection devices shunt current away from the load in response to a surge that exceeds the breakdown voltage.
3. Grounding is critical. Safety standards require providing a separate ground connection, because the shields of the triax cables are not considered a safe ground. The module's case is constructed of metal and serves as chassis ground. The module comes with two grounding cables; both must be used. It must be able to sink more power to ground than the system could ever see from the instrumentation.
Thoughtful design of the connectors, good grounding and overvoltage protection devices make this module a handy way to protect instruments and people during high power testing. What's more, the module design still allows for full measurement performance.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


It has now been 10 months since the GDPR came into effect. This webinar will describe some of the ripple effects this regulation is having in Canada including: how Canadian businesses are impacted both directly and indirectly by EU enforcement actions; how privacy regulators seem to be influenced by the new, emboldened approaches of their counterparts across the ocean; and how Parliamentarians are looking to the GDPR for ideas and inspiration on what the next generation of Canada's privacy laws should look like. At the same time, governments are making major strategic investments in artificial intelligence and looking to become global leaders in the area of autonomous vehicles among others. Ensuring the transparent and ethical use of data is becoming more critical than ever – so what does this mean for future privacy legislation and the sustainability of technological innovations?


Quite a few years ago, I took a couple of trips into the Amazon rainforest, both in Brazil and Peru. I saw all sorts of amazing things—but relatively little wildlife on either occasion. The problem with observing wildlife in a jungle is that the birds and animals are usually hiding in and among all those trees.
But when I made my way into Brazil's vast Pantanal swampland—a watery plain to the south of the Amazon jungle—I saw all kinds of wildlife. I was able to view caimans, storks, egrets, rheas, capybaras, coati mundis, and even piranha fish—which I caught on a hand line and roasted on a grill. The creature I felt most privileged to see was the hyacinth macaw—the world's largest parrot, and an endangered species that is nearly solid blue—a striking solid blue—in color.
The advantage of viewing South America's tropical wildlife in the Pantanal is that, because this is grassland and trees are sparse, the wildlife lives out in the open and on full display. Nor should you be put off by the region's designation as "swampland." It really is quite beautiful, and it dries up considerably after the rainy season has passed.
At the time I visited, facilities in the Pantanal were fairly primitive and rugged. Since then, Brazilians have added a great deal of infrastructure for the tourism industry. The Nature Conservancy has also been heavily involved with helping to preserve significant portions of the Pantanal.


The Government supports schools to help certain groups of children do their very best through the pupils' premium (PPM) funding.
1) Any pupil registered for free school meals (FSM) in the past 6 years.
2) Any pupil aged 4 to 15 who has been in care or looked after for more than 6 months.
3) Any pupil whose parents are serving in the armed forces.
4) Some pupils who are adopted or have special guardianship orders or residence orders.
No one will know that you have registered and it will not affect any other benefits. Please come in and talk to us if you're unsure and we will try to help.
However, schools only get this funding if parents registers their child as qualifying.
Each of the four categories above has a different monetary allocation attached.
We use this money to provide additional classroom support to pupils and a range of enhancement activities.
The Pupil Premium review date is 13th March 2018.
Parents are invited to attend parent meetings with the teachers to discuss their child and their next steps. Individual targets are shared with the pupils and parents. Clear marking policy allows effective feedback.


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Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas information
Category: Game
The biggest title ever to sell on PlayStation 2, Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas came to handheld back in 2014 and has since earned its honourable place as one of the best games for this platform as well. Fourteen years on and this Rockstar classic continues to keep gamers captivated while they roam the streets of Los Santos.
The game was the successor to Grand Theft Auto: Vice City on PS2 and sold more than 27 million copies by 2011. It has since been released on PS3, PS4 and Xbox 360.
GTA: San Andreas APK on a handheld is something that might cause anyone familiar with the original title to raise an eyebrow; after all, it was one of the most expansive games ever made – it could be enjoyed for weeks before the gameplay dried up, and even then the replay value was huge. But Rockstar has done a fantastic job of converting the classic shooter over to the small screen.
Back to Los Santos
The third-person action game puts you in the shoes of Carl "CJ" Johnson as he seeks revenge on his mother's killers and reunites with his gang, The Grove Street Family. Much of the game's epic story is focused around real events – namely the violent rivalry between Los Angeles gangs The Crips and The Bloods, as well as the 1980's crack epidemic, the LAPD Rampart scandal and the 1992 LA Riots.
CJ must fight with rival gang members, confront the police and gradually bring his family up the ladder to dominate the criminal underworld in San Andreas. Along the way, you're free to roam the massive state of San Andreas, which consists of three cities: Los Santos, which is based on Los Angeles; San Fierro, based on San Francisco and Las Venturas, based on Las Vegas, as well as loads of countryside and desert. You can explore on foot, in cars, on bikes, in helicopters, trucks, tanks, buses and even military fighter jets.
Missions in the game are original and take you through multiple storylines associated with different criminal characters in the game. Players can explore the street gangs, triads and police corruption that haunted Los Santos in the early 1990's, decades before the characters in the series' latest instalment, Grand Theft Auto V, were planning heists across the same city. The game's developers, Rockstar North, have kept all the same expansive action, humour and even developed certain features to make it stand out more than the PS2 original.
With that in mind, let's take a look at some of the features of this video gaming classic in its new form:
Best features of GTA: San Andreas APK
Original story: Rockstar has kept the original story the same, giving the same awesome experience as GTA: San Andreas on PC and PS2.
Upgraded graphics: While they won't match GTA: San Andreas on Xbox 360, it's certainly an upgrade from the original PS2 release. Textures have been improved, colours are more vibrant and reflections have been given a shine-over. The handheld version of the game certainly feels more rooted in the 21st century than its console counterpart.
Three control systems: While the controls will never be as smooth as with a joystick, Rockstar's decision to introduce a choice of three control systems shows that they really took the time to consider player experience. The controls are about as optimised as they could ever be for a touchscreen phone or tablet.
Mission auto-saves: Anyone who played San Andreas back in the day will remember how annoying it was when you were killed in a mission and had to drive back to the started point, pick up a bunch of new weapons and skip through all the cutscenes again. With this updated version, missions feature auto-saves meaning you don't have to go through all the trouble.
Cloud-save support: Once you save your progress on the cloud, you can access it on any device afterwards – awesome!
No sneaky in-game purchases: Once you've paid the $6.99, you own the game, and that's the end of it. You won't find a single in-game purchase.
Aim assist and button support: Given that the controls can be quite clunky, it helps a lot to have aim assist and special tap to interact buttons, making the GTA world come alive much more smoothly.
Make your own playlist: One of the biggest draws to GTA games has always been the radio stations. In the weeks leading up to a new title, fans would eagerly await the list of songs, they could expect to be driving around singing along to. The ability to make your own playlists in this version is something that hasn't yet been seen in any other GTA title.
Downsides
Rockstar has done a great job adapting this game for touchscreens, but that being said, there are still some flaws, some of which they could have easily addressed. Let's take a look.
No cheats: Cheat codes have always been pretty central to GTA games, and the fact that they're totally absent in GTA: San Andreas for the handheld is disappointing, to say the least. It leaves players missing what was always the most entertaining element of the game.
Clunky controls: The control system was optimised the best it could for a touch screen – but this was never going to contend with a console. The controls are difficult to master – if they can ever be mastered. A Made-for iPhone controller can be purchased from Logitech or Moga, but they cost around $100.
Prone to losing frame rate: This was often a problem if your console was old, and on a handheld, it's the same issue. If you're phone or tablet is old, then it'll eventually start slowing down. We recommend you to turn off your Wi-Fi and Bluetooth before playing. Also, you can restart your device just before playing to ensure no apps are still running in the background.
Requirements for playing
For iOS, you'll need at least 1.63GB available space to install the game – and this isn't including saves. For Android devices, you'll need 2.4GB of space.
The Entertainment Software Rating Board requires that players be above 17 years of age to play GTA: San Andreas.
How to download GTA: San Andreas
To get the game, press the button at the bottom of this article and you'll be redirected to the download page. The game costs US$6.99. Once the file has completed its download, just open it and run it. There is no free download.
Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas was one of the most defining video games ever made and Rockstar's move to release it on iOS and Android has been a great success. The game feels just as real as it did in 2004, with updates that genuinely bring out a more polished end-result. If you're looking for some top-class entertainment on your phone or tablet, then get this game – it won't disappoint!
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Wire Screen main used for Petrochemicals Industries for Oil extractions.


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Queens couple charged with having more than 1,000 files of child pornography
NEW YORK (WABC) -- A Ridgewood, Queens couple has been charged with possessing more than a thousand files of child pornography.
The computer files contained children, some as young as three, depicted in a sexual manner or performing sex acts.
It is alleged that the files, consisting of images and videos, were downloaded off the Internet by the husband using a peer-to-peer network.
Queens District Attorney Richard Brown said that a peer-to peer-network is a network whereby computer users may directly connect to each other via the Internet and exchange files with each other.
"The Internet has replaced the proverbial back alley as the place where purveyors of child pornography gather to share their vile and disturbing videos and photographs of young children being sexually abused," said District Attorney Brown. "It is important for the public to remember that the images and videos being exchanged are, for all intents and purposes, photos and footage of crime scenes as they depict real children being cruelly victimized both physically and emotionally and who will have to carry the painful memory of that which occurred to them for the rest of their lives."
District Attorney Brown continued, "Perhaps what is most shocking, as alleged in this case, is that the husband and wife defendants could consider viewing such disturbing imagery as family entertainment."
The District Attorney identified the defendants as George Slavescu, 49, and his wife, Ioana Pricope-Slavescu, 35, of Ridgewood. Both are awaiting arraignment in Queens Criminal Court.
George Slavescu is charged in a criminal complaint with 19 counts of promoting a sexual performance by a child and 19 counts of possessing a sexual performance by a child. If convicted, he faces up to seven years in prison.
Ioana Pricope-Slavescu is charged in a separate criminal complaint with 15 counts of possessing a sexual performance by a child. If convicted, she faces up to four years in prison.
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Syria- UPDATE: This has been modified to reflect a clarification by US forces that the early stages of the withdrawal involve military equipment, but not troops, leaving Syria.
Reacting to today's statement by the US-led Coalition that it has begun "the process of deliberate withdrawal" from Syria, Lynn Maalouf, Amnesty International's Middle East Research Director, said:
"It is deplorable that the US-led Coalition continues to ignore its responsibility of carrying out any meaningful investigations into the hundreds of civilian deaths it caused in Raqqa and elsewhere – even as it starts to withdraw from Syria.
Lynn Maalouf, Middle East Research Director
"The Coalition is unashamedly ignoring the devastating legacy of its bombing campaign, adding insult to injury by making clear that it has no intention of offering survivors any form of remedy or compensation.
"Amnesty International has been to Raqqa multiple times since the battle ended. Not a single one of the hundreds of survivors we've spoken to on the ground has even been contacted by the Coalition – let alone received any assistance – as they try to rebuild their lives.
"The Coalition's battle for Raqqa began as its military campaign in Mosul, in neighbouring Iraq, was winding down. Its legacy of devastation and impunity in Mosul should have served as a cautionary tale. There, too, Coalition strikes killed large numbers of civilians and destroyed civilian homes and infrastructure on a massive scale, but it barely lifted a finger to assist in the aftermath.
"Had the Coalition learned from its mistakes in Iraq, the utter devastation of Raqqa might have been avoided. Leaving such widespread civilian destruction in its wake is a humanitarian abomination that is at odds with the Coalition's stated values."
Lynn Maalouf
The US withdrawal – the timeline and details of which remain unknown – is unlikely to stop the US-led Coalition's air strikes in Syria, putting more civilian lives at risk.
Amnesty International is carrying out an ongoing investigation, in partnership with Airwars, into the shocking scale of civilian casualties resulting from four months of US, UK and French bombardment to oust the armed group calling itself Islamic State (IS) from Raqqa. The results will be made public in April 2019.
Amnesty International's on-the-ground investigations and analysis since the battle ended in October 2017 revealed compelling evidence of prima facie international humanitarian law violations by the US-led Coalition. They prompted the Coalition to revise its civilian death toll statistics upwards from 23 to more than 100 – a 300% increase.
In a September 2018 letter to Amnesty International, the US Department of Defense – whose forces carried out most of the air strikes and all the artillery strikes on Raqqa – made clear it accepts no liability for the hundreds of civilian casualties it caused. The Coalition does not plan to compensate survivors and relatives of those killed in Raqqa and refuses to provide further information about the circumstances behind the strikes.


Part II Oath-taking Ceremony of the successful examinees in the Librarian Licensure Examination given by the Board of Librarians on November 2011.
Part III Lecture-Forum on "Ethical Considerations in Library Collection Development and Management.
Free registration forpaid members of 2011, Php 250.00 for non-members and Php 100.00 for students.
For inquiries, please contact the PLAI office at nos, 5259401, Elvie Lapuz at 9818500 local 2865 / +639178553228 or any of the Association's officers/directors. We will greatly appreciate your sharing of this information with others.


Director for A Midsummer Night's Dream (2012): Globe Education, The Globe Theatre, Bankside. Director for The Merchant of Venice (2014): Globe Education, The Globe Theatre, Bankside. Director for Romeo and Juliet (2013): Globe Education. Director for Macbeth (2010): Globe Education, The Globe Theatre, Bankside. Director for Romeo and Juliet (2009): Globe Education, The Globe Theatre, Bankside. Director for Macbeth (2011): Globe Education, The Globe Theatre, Bankside. Director for Othello (2015): Shakespeare's Globe Theatre, Globe Education.
Macduff in Macbeth (2010): Globe Education, The Globe Theatre, Bankside. Prince in Romeo and Juliet (2009): Globe Education, The Globe Theatre, Bankside. Paris in Romeo and Juliet (2009): Globe Education, The Globe Theatre, Bankside. Peter in Romeo and Juliet (2009): Globe Education, The Globe Theatre, Bankside. Macduff in Macbeth (2011): Globe Education, The Globe Theatre, Bankside.
Lucetta in The Two Gentlemen of Verona (2016): Everyman Theatre, Liverpool, Globe Education. Panthino in The Two Gentlemen of Verona (2016): Everyman Theatre, Liverpool, Globe Education. Tranio in The Two Gentlemen of Verona (2016): Everyman Theatre, Liverpool, Globe Education.
Donalbain in Macbeth (2010): Globe Education, The Globe Theatre, Bankside. Witch in Macbeth (2010): Globe Education, The Globe Theatre, Bankside. Mercutio in Romeo and Juliet (2009): Globe Education, The Globe Theatre, Bankside.
Donalbain in Macbeth (2011): Globe Education, The Globe Theatre, Bankside. Witch in Macbeth (2011): Globe Education, The Globe Theatre, Bankside.
Verges in Much Ado About Nothing (2007): Globe Education, Shakespeare's Globe Theatre, The Globe Theatre, Bankside. Margaret in Much Ado About Nothing (2007): Globe Education, Shakespeare's Globe Theatre, The Globe Theatre, Bankside.
Fight Director for Macbeth (2011): Globe Education, The Globe Theatre, Bankside. Fight Director for The Two Gentlemen of Verona (2016): Everyman Theatre, Liverpool, Globe Education.
Lorenzo in The Merchant of Venice (2014): Globe Education, The Globe Theatre, Bankside. Prince of Morocco in The Merchant of Venice (2014): Globe Education, The Globe Theatre, Bankside.
Helena in A Midsummer Night's Dream (2012): Globe Education, The Globe Theatre, Bankside. Starveling in A Midsummer Night's Dream (2012): Globe Education, The Globe Theatre, Bankside.
Lysander in A Midsummer Night's Dream (2012): Globe Education, The Globe Theatre, Bankside. Flute in A Midsummer Night's Dream (2012): Globe Education, The Globe Theatre, Bankside.
Lady Macduff in Macbeth (2010): Globe Education, The Globe Theatre, Bankside. Witch in Macbeth (2010): Globe Education, The Globe Theatre, Bankside.
Tybalt in Romeo and Juliet (2013): Globe Education. Apothecary in Romeo and Juliet (2013): Globe Education.
Lady Macduff in Macbeth (2011): Globe Education, The Globe Theatre, Bankside. Witch in Macbeth (2011): Globe Education, The Globe Theatre, Bankside.
Juliet in Romeo and Juliet (2013): Globe Education. Ophelia in Hamlet (2011): Globe Education, The Globe Theatre, Bankside.
Theseus in A Midsummer Night's Dream (2012): Globe Education, The Globe Theatre, Bankside. Oberon in A Midsummer Night's Dream (2012): Globe Education, The Globe Theatre, Bankside.
Director for The Two Gentlemen of Verona (2016): Everyman Theatre, Liverpool, Globe Education.
Lady Capulet in Romeo and Juliet (2009): Globe Education, The Globe Theatre, Bankside.
Juliet in Romeo and Juliet (2009): Globe Education, The Globe Theatre, Bankside.
Benvolio in Romeo and Juliet (2013): Globe Education.
Nerissa in The Merchant of Venice (2014): Globe Education, The Globe Theatre, Bankside.
Hero in Much Ado About Nothing (2007): Globe Education, Shakespeare's Globe Theatre, The Globe Theatre, Bankside.
Director for Much Ado About Nothing (2007): Globe Education, Shakespeare's Globe Theatre, The Globe Theatre, Bankside.
Leonato in Much Ado About Nothing (2007): Globe Education, Shakespeare's Globe Theatre, The Globe Theatre, Bankside.
Othello in Othello (2015): Shakespeare's Globe Theatre, Globe Education.
Proteus in The Two Gentlemen of Verona (2016): Everyman Theatre, Liverpool, Globe Education.
Director for Hamlet (2011): Globe Education, The Globe Theatre, Bankside.
Claudio in Much Ado About Nothing (2007): Globe Education, Shakespeare's Globe Theatre, The Globe Theatre, Bankside.


text:
Paenochrobactrum  is a genus of Gram-negative, oxidase-positive, non-spore-forming, nonmotile bacteria of the family Brucellaceae.

References

Hyphomicrobiales
Bacteria genera

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


91 Clark Rd Sturbridge, MA 01518 is now new to the market!
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The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) has issued full guidance to the NHS in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland on Percutaneous balloon cryoablation for pulmonary vein isolation in atrial fibrillation.
Atrial fibrillation is the irregular and rapid beating of the upper two chambers of the heart (the atria). This is caused by the disorganisation of the electrical impulses that control the heartbeat as a result of electrical triggers that may originate at the mouth of the pulmonary veins (large blood vessels that carry blood from the lungs to the left atrium). Typical symptoms can include palpitations, dizziness, shortness of breath and fatigue. Complications can include stroke. This procedure uses a probe attached to a balloon catheter to freeze tissue in one of the chambers on the left side of the heart. The aim is to produce scarring, which may interrupt the electrical signals and help regulate the heartbeat.


text:
Martin Gibbons, c/o The Palm Centre
mail@palmsociety.org
This is a special issue of Chamaerops in two ways. To begin with, it is a double issue, an attempt to bring the publication up to date after such a long delay. Second, for the first time ever, the magazine is devoted entirely to one genus, Trachycarpus. Don't worry, the name change is only temporary! Much of the information published here appears for the first time in Chamaerops. Much of it has appeared elsewhere, but this is the first time it has all been published together in the European Palm Society journal, and we hope that all members will appreciate the summary.
The Trachycarpus trail, which began with T. takil and ended, albeit temporarily, with T. latisectus, is a long and interesting one. The first step which was done by Wilko Karmelk of Holland and myself, was into the north of central India to try to shed light on a mystery that, it seemed, nobody else had exhibited much interest in solving. What was this odd palm, misnamed by the Americans for so long? Was there actually a real T. takil under all the misnaming? What was the connection between T. takil and T. martianus, the names seemingly used synonymously in the many publications that we consulted before setting off? Well that puzzle is well and truly solved though our friends in the States still insist on misnaming T. wagnerianus as T. takil, despite us taking every possible opportunity to explain the mistake to them. I am happy to say that we regularly import seed, and that the genuine T. takil is more and more widely available though regrettably, because of its close botanic relationship with T. fortunei, it is likely to inter-breed and its special characteristics will be lost.
The next species that beckoned was the diminutive T. nanus of China. It took two trips there to find it, but find it we did, Toby Spanner and I. It too, seems to be in danger, this time from the many semi-wild goats that roam the area where it grows. They eat the inflorescences before the plants, only about 60 or 80cm tall at maturity, have a chance to set seed. T. nanus that are now growing in cultivation seem to perform poorly, grow very slowly, and scarcely offer the opportunity to save the species from extinction.
Soon after those travels Toby and I were to find the first of three new species of Trachycarpus. On perhaps the most exciting trip of all, we discovered what we would name T. princeps growing on steep cliff faces on the banks of the Salween River, almost at the point where China, Burma and Tibet meet, a bit of a political hot spot. An account of our first, abortive, effort to reach the area (deep in China's 'forbidden territory') was not even published in the official version reproduced here. How we found ourselves climbing a 3500m mountain range, dodging Chinese border guards and nearly getting ourselves arrested, before finally being sent packing, was a real adventure in itself. The trees, alas, seem doomed never to reach cultivation. The seed set is poor, the area almost impossible to reach.
Not so with T. martianus, ridiculously rare in cultivation, ridiculously common in the wild, like so many other palms. That situation is changing fast, with hundreds of thousands of seeds being traded every year and subsequent plants growing well and happily. We found two major populations, one in northeast India and the other in Nepal. Due to breathtakingly bad planning the latter produced another 'adventure' if it could be called such, with Toby and I walking for 20 hours in Nepal with scarcely a break. Almost dead with fatigue, we staggered back to our 'hotel' for a few hours' snatched sleep, only to be up to catch the bumpy bus that would take us to the airport and home.
During our travels far and wide we came across two more species, new to science: T. oreophilus and T. latisectus, in Thailand and India respectively. Neither performs well in cultivation while they are young. A hundred seedlings defoliated when they were re-potted. It is fervently hoped that these teething troubles will sort themselves out as the plants get older, the latter certainly is a beautiful palm and well deserves a place in the garden.
Finally, T. wagnerianus, not (yet?) known in the wild, but one of the best species. With its short stiff leaves, it is more wild tolerant than any of the others, performs well and grows fast, the only problem being a (hopefully temporary) shortage of both seeds and plants.
There are many memories on the Trachycarpus trail, most happy, a few sad. There are enough adventures to fill a book, which we have been promising ourselves to write, for years. Alas, until there are 8 days in the week and 48 hours in the day, it will remain a dream for the time being. Meanwhile, I hope you enjoy this issue. M.G.


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Fully updated following the launch of Soul Wars. The essential book for the Fyreslayers with full ba..
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text:
Q: How can I resize a Paperclip image after it has been added to the database? I've added 2000 pictures to my images table and I'm using the Paperclip plugin to create thumbs. I'm wondering if there's a way to go through the database and add another :styles element.
For example, when I added the images I had the following in my model:
has_attached_file :image, :styles => { :medium => "300x300>", :thumb => "100x100>" }

However, now I want to add a :large attribute and have it applied to every image that's already in my table. Something like:
has_attached_file :image, :styles => { :large => "800x800>", :medium => "300x300>", :thumb => "100x100>" }

Is this possible? Or would I have to re-add all 2000 pictures?

A: rake paperclip:refresh:thumbnails

A: If Paperclip is installed as a plugin, you can do this:
rake paperclip:refresh:thumbnails CLASS=Screenshot

where Screenshot is the name of the class with the attachment.
If it's installed as a gem, do this inside script/console:
Screenshot.all.each {|s| s.image.reprocess! }

replacing Screenshot with the appropriate class name

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: is hadoop DistributedFileSystem thread safe? I am using hadoop for writing data I scrape.
I have a spring service that is called from multiple threads to write some content to the HDFS.
@Service
public class WriteService
{
    public void write(String path, String content)
    {
        FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf);
    }
}

I am not sure whether the FileSystem object can be a member of the WriteService and I don't find whether it is thread safe or not.
I am using the DistributedFileSystem object.
Do you know if it is thread-safe and I can use it as a member to my service?
Thank you

A: Hadoop DFS uses a so-called WORM-Model. This makes it more robust when it comes to concurrency issues.
But, to answer the question, it is not safe in general. You still need to think about concurrency control requirements.

A: If  config.setBoolean("fs.hdfs.impl.disable. cache", true);  is modified first, FileSystem.get(config) can be used in multiple threads.


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text:
Fourier-transform photocurrent spectroscopy using a supercontinuum light source
Petermann, C., Beigang, R., Fischer, P.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 100(6), 2012 (article)
We demonstrate an implementation of frequency-encoded photocurrent spectroscopy using a super-continuum light source. The spectrally broad light is spatially dispersed and modulated with a special mechanical chopper design that permits a continuous wavelength-dependent modulation. After recombination, the light beam contains a frequency encoded spectrum which enables us to map the spectral response of a given sample in 60 ms and with a lateral resolution of 10 mu m. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics.
pf Petermann, C., Beigang, R., Fischer, P. Fourier-transform photocurrent spectroscopy using a supercontinuum light source APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 100(6), 2012 (article)
Eine neue Form von Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy
Petermann, C., Fischer, P.
DE Gruyter, 79(1), 2012, Best paper award OPTO 2011 (article)
Wir stellen eine Kopplungsmethode für resonatorgestützte Absorptionsmessungen vor, bei der Licht durch einen im Resonator platzierten akustooptischen Modulator aktiv ein- und ausgekoppelt wird. Dies ermöglicht es Cavity-Ring-Down-Spektroskopie (CRDS) mit breitbandigen und zeitlich inkohärenten Lichtquellen niedriger spektraler Leistungsdichte durchzuführen. Das Verfahren wird zum ersten Mal mit einer breitbandigen Superkontinuum-Quelle demonstriert.
A new coupling scheme for cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy makes use of an intracavity acousto-optical modulator to actively switch light into (and out of) a resonator. This allows cavity ringdown spectroscopy (CRDS) to be implemented with broadband temporally incoherent light sources with low spectral power densities. The method is demonstrated for the first time using a broadband supercontinuum source. Best paper award OPTO 2011.
pf Petermann, C., Fischer, P. Eine neue Form von Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy DE Gruyter, 79(1), 2012, Best paper award OPTO 2011 (article)
Voltage-Controllable Magnetic Composite Based on Multifunctional Polyethylene Microparticles
Ghosh, A., Sheridon, N. K., Fischer, P.
SMALL, 4(11):1956-1958, 2008 (article)
pf Ghosh, A., Sheridon, N. K., Fischer, P. Voltage-Controllable Magnetic Composite Based on Multifunctional Polyethylene Microparticles SMALL, 4(11):1956-1958, 2008 (article)
New electro-optic effect: Sum-frequency generation from optically active liquids in the presence of a dc electric field
Fischer, P., Buckingham, A., Beckwitt, K., Wiersma, D., Wise, F.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 91(17), 2003 (article)
We report the observation of sum-frequency signals that depend linearly on an applied electrostatic field and that change sign with the handedness of an optically active solute. This recently predicted chiral electro-optic effect exists in the electric-dipole approximation. The static electric field gives rise to an electric-field-induced sum-frequency signal (an achiral third-order process) that interferes with the chirality-specific sum-frequency at second order. The cross-terms linear in the electrostatic field constitute the effect and may be used to determine the absolute sign of second- and third-order nonlinear-optical susceptibilities in isotropic media.
pf Fischer, P., Buckingham, A., Beckwitt, K., Wiersma, D., Wise, F. New electro-optic effect: Sum-frequency generation from optically active liquids in the presence of a dc electric field PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS, 91(17), 2003 (article)
Chiral and achiral contributions to sum-frequency generation from optically active solutions of binaphthol
Fischer, P., Wise, F., Albrecht, A.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A, 107(40):8232-8238, 2003 (article)
The nonlinear sum- and difference-frequency generation spectroscopies can be probes of molecular chirality in optically active systems. We present a tensorial analysis of the chirality-specific electric-dipolar sum-frequency-generation susceptibility and the achiral electric-quadrupolar and magnetic-dipolar nonlinearities at second order in isotropic media. The chiral and achiral contributions to the sum-frequency signal from the bulk of optically active solutions of 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol (2,2'-dehydroxy-1,1'-binaphthyl) can be distinguished, and the former dominates. Ab initio computations reveal the dramatic resonance enhancement that the isotropic component of the electric-dipolar three-wave mixing hyperpolarizability experiences. Away from resonance its magnitude rapidly decreases, as-unlike the vector component-it is zero in the static limit. The dispersion of the first hyperpolarizability is computed by a configuration interaction singles sum-over-states approach with explicit regard to the Franck-Condon active vibrational substructure for all resonant electronic states.
pf Fischer, P., Wise, F., Albrecht, A. Chiral and achiral contributions to sum-frequency generation from optically active solutions of binaphthol JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A, 107(40):8232-8238, 2003 (article)
Chirality-specific nonlinear spectroscopies in isotropic media
Fischer, P., Albrecht, A.
BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN, 75(5):1119-1124, 2002, 10th International Conference on Time-Resolved Vibrational Spectroscopy (TRVS 2001), OKAZZAKI, JAPAN, MAY 21-25, 2001 (article)
Sum or difference frequency generation (SFG or DFG) in isotropic media is in the electric-dipole approximation only symmetry allowed for optically active systems. The hyperpolarizability giving rise to these three-wave mixing processes features only one isotropic component. It factorizes into two terms, an energy (denominator) factor and a triple product of transition moments. These forbid degenerate SFG, i.e., second harmonic generation, as well as the existence of the linear electrooptic effect (Pockels effect) in isotropic media. This second order response also has no static limit, which leads to particularly strong resonance phenomena that are qualitatively different from those usually seen in the ubiquitous even-wave mixing spectroscopies. In particular, the participation of two (not the usual one) excited states is essential to achieve dramatic resonance enhancement, We report our first efforts to see such resonantly enhanced chirality specific SFG.
pf Fischer, P., Albrecht, A. Chirality-specific nonlinear spectroscopies in isotropic media BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN, 75(5):1119-1124, 2002, 10th International Conference on Time-Resolved Vibrational Spectroscopy (TRVS 2001), OKAZZAKI, JAPAN, MAY 21-25, 2001 (article)
The chiral specificity of sum-frequency generation in solutions
Fischer, P., Beckwitt, K., Wise, F., Albrecht, A.
Sum-frequency generation in isotropic media is in the electric-dipole approximation the only symmetry allowed for chiral systems. We demonstrate that the sum-frequency intensity from an optically active liquid depends quadratically on the difference in concentration of the two enantiomers. The dominant contribution to the signal is found to be due to the chirality specific electric-dipolar three-wave mixing nonlinearity. Selecting the polarization of all fields allows the chiral electric-dipolar contributions to the bulk sum-frequency signal to be discerned from any achiral magnetic-dipolar and electric-quadrupolar contributions. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
pf Fischer, P., Beckwitt, K., Wise, F., Albrecht, A. The chiral specificity of sum-frequency generation in solutions CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS, 352(5-6):463-468, 2002 (article)
On optical rectification in isotropic media
LASER PHYSICS, 12(8):1177-1181, 2002 (article)
Coherent nonlinear optical processes at second-order are only electric-dipole allowed in isotropic media that are optically active. Sum-frequency generation in chiral liquids has recently been observed, and difference-frequency and optical rectification have been predicted to exist in isotropic chiral media. Both Rayleigh-Schrodinger perturbation theory and the density matrix approach are used to discuss the quantum-chemical basis of optical rectification in optically active liquids. For pinene we compute the corresponding orientationally averaged hyperpolarizability, and estimate the light-induced dc electric polarization and the consequent voltage across a measuring capacitor it may give rise to near resonance.
pf Fischer, P., Albrecht, A. On optical rectification in isotropic media LASER PHYSICS, 12(8):1177-1181, 2002 (article)
pf Fischer, P., Buckingham, A. Surface second-order nonlinear optical activity JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS, 15(12):2951-2957, 1998 (article)
pf Buckingham, A., Fischer, P. Linear electro-optic effect in optically active liquids CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS, 297(3-4):239-246, 1998 (article)
pf Bell, G., Li, Z., Bain, C., Fischer, P., Duffy, D. Monolayers of hexadecyltrimethylammonium p-tosylate at the air-water interface. 1. Sum-frequency spectroscopy JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B, 102(47):9461-9472, 1998 (article)
pf Couling, V., Fischer, P., Klenerman, D., Huber, W. Ultraviolet resonance Raman study of drug binding in dihydrofolate reductase, gyrase, and catechol O-methyltransferase BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 75(2):1097-1106, 1998 (article)


text:
Home » Sovereign Embassies » Embassies
Gugada Sovereign Embassy in Port Augusta SA
Sovereign Embassies List
Gugada Embassy in Port Augusta, South Australia
Gugada Original Sovereign Tribal Federation
At 10:00am today (15th August 2012) in Gladstone Square, Pt Augusta, South Australia, the Gugada Original Sovereign Tribal Federation announced their new embassy.
"We, the Gugada Original Sovereign Tribal Federation have not, as yet, acquiesced Our Sovereignty," said Sandra Dingamen.
"In the spirit of the 40 year anniversary of the Aboriginal Tent Embassy in Canberra, it has been decided, in the interest of the law of this land, that we, the Gugada Original Sovereign Tribal Federation, say no to the Constitutional Reform and acknowledge that it is the time for Respect and Recognition and Treaty."
"The way forward is not a tokenistic inclusion of Aboriginal people in the Australian Constitution, which has underpinned a political system founded on the fiction of Terra Nullius, but through the recognition that Aboriginal sovereignty has never been ceded, and the development of treaty based on this recognition."
For comment contact:
Sandra Dingamen
Indigenous protesters urge sovereignty treaty
ABC News August 16, 2012 14:52:01
About 20 activists sat in Port Augusta's Gladstone Square yesterday, to protest against the inclusion of Aboriginal people in the Australian Constitution.
Sandra Dingamen Taylor from the Gugada Original Sovereign Tribal Federation organised the gathering.
She says she would rather see a treaty that recognises Aboriginal sovereignty, than inclusion in the Constitution.
Ms Dingamen Taylor says the Constitution was based on Australia being unoccupied at colonisation.
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If you think for even a moment that your wife might have a drinking problem, then she probably does. Once you've accepted the fact of her problem, what you need are the best resources available to learn how to help an alcoholic wife. Start by calling us, a toll-free helpline that connects you to a world of alcoholism treatment professionals. When your desire to help comes from a place of love, you'll be a pillar of strength throughout your wife's recovery journey.
In the past, people often considered alcohol abuse to be a character defect, but that perspective has fortunately gone out of fashion. Doctors now understand that alcoholism is a complicated mental and physical disease, requiring medical intervention and focused treatment. However, an alcoholic cannot begin her recovery until she has admitted her problem.
When you discover yourself saying, "My wife drinks too much," you know it's time to seek the help you both need. Call us to get in touch with experts who can guide you through the initial steps of your wife's healing process. Your responsibility throughout her recovery will be to provide an environment of love and support. Anger or judgmental language will only push your wife further away, possibly worsening her condition.
With the help of an experienced addiction counselor, an intervention can be the turning point in your wife's disease. In a calm tone of voice, highlight the negative consequences you've experienced because of your wife's drinking. Explain how alcoholism has made you and the rest of the family feel. If necessary, describe what will happen if your wife chooses not to seek the help she needs. Above all, emphasize the point that your intervention comes from a place of love and not anger.
Today's treatment methods for alcoholism run the gamut from prescription medications to inpatient care facilities. Usually, alcoholics receive a combination of treatments designed to address every facet of their illness. The withdrawal symptoms of chronic alcoholism can be profound, but medications can effectively take the edge off the worst feelings of anxiety, fear, or physical discomfort. Arguably, the most important step in any alcoholic's recovery consists of group and individual therapy. Support groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous provide gathering places where former drinkers can share their strength and hope. By attending a support group, your wife increases her odds of achieving life-long sobriety and happiness. Individual therapy is equally important. Many people develop alcoholism as a response to an underlying mental illness. Identifying and seeking help for such a mental illness can potentially reduce the craving to drink.
Instead of thinking to yourself, "My wife is an alcoholic," take action to today by calling us. This national, toll-free helpline will give you access to countless resources and treatment professionals. If you truly want to know how to help an alcoholic wife, then make the call now. No matter how far her illness has progressed, it's never too late to get expert help and caring support.
How to Get Clean & Stay Sober?


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White Mountain Apache Tribe breaks ground on native nursery (October 19, 2010)
The White Mountain Apache Tribe is using a $2.4 million stimulus grant to build a native plant nursery on the Fort Apache Reservation in Arizona....
Jake Swamp, Mohawk spiritual teacher, passes away at age 68 (October 19, 2010)
Jake Swamp, a Mohawk spiritual leader from New York, died on October 15. He was 68. Swamp Mohawk sub-chief and ambassador of the Mohawk...
HUD issues $996K grant for planning on Pine Ridge Reservation (October 19, 2010)
The Department of Housing and Urban Development announced $100 million in community planning grants, including two in Indian Country. Thunder Valley Community Development Corp received...
Navajo Nation responds to State Department on human rights (October 19, 2010)
The Navajo Nation Human Rights Commission says the U.S. government is failing to live up to its promises to indigenous people. The commission said the...
Alaska Native elders and youth kick off their annual conference (October 19, 2010)
The at First Alaskans Institute kicked off the annual Elders and Youth Conference on Monday. Thousands of elders and youth from across Alaska are attending...
Group calls for more public disclosure of First Nations salaries (October 19, 2010)
The Canadian Taxpayers Federation says elected leaders of First Nations need to disclose their salaries to the public. The group filed a public information request...
Idaho governor leaves wolf management with Nez Perce Tribe (October 19, 2010)
Idaho Gov. Butch Otter (R) has withdrawn from a wolf management agreement with the Nez Perce Tribe. Otter claims the Interior Department has failed to...
Nottawaseppi Huron Band announces a full time chief of police (October 19, 2010)
The Nottawaseppi Huron Band of the Potawatomi Indians of Michigan has a full time chief of police. Duane Sprague joined the tribe's police department in...
Keepseagle won't need Congressional approval for settlement (October 19, 2010)
Indian farmers and ranchers who experienced discrimination at the Department of Agriculture have agreed to a settlement to the 11-year-old case. The plaintiffs in the...
Authorities investigate hit and run on Muckleshoot Reservation (October 19, 2010)
Authorities in Washington are investigating a hit and run death on the Muckleshoot Reservation. Terann A. Hoptowit, 44, was killed along a highway on Saturday...
Yurok Tribe working to preserve language for new generations (October 19, 2010)
With fewer than 10 fluent speakers left, the Yurok Tribe of California is working hard to preserve its language. The tribe has developed a Yurok-English...
Mohegan Tribe returns former chairman to top leadership post (October 19, 2010)
Bruce "Two Dogs" Bozsum is once again serving as chairman of the Mohegan Tribe of Connecticut. Bozsum ran the tribe from 2005 to 2009. He...
Series: Bootleggers a big problem on Fort Apache Reservation (October 19, 2010)
"Carol Crocker knows the effects of alcohol abuse, and she doesn't want them visited upon the youth of her tribe. Between her children and those...
Nurse from IHS clinics in Washington killed by a mountain goat (October 19, 2010)
A nurse who worked at Indian Health Service facilities in Washington was killed by a mountain goat during a hike in Olympic National Park. Bob...
David Gipp: Indian voting rights abused in North Dakota county (October 19, 2010)
"Let there be no mistake about what has happened: The Benson County Board of Commissioners has deliberately made it more difficult for members of the...
New Tribal Law and Order Act is subject of national symposium (October 19, 2010)
The new Tribal Law and Order Act will be discussed at a symposium in Albuquerque, New Mexico. President Barack Obama signed the law in July....
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Money is the government's most potent tool for controlling the media. The breakup of Turkey's two dominant media groups was complete by 2011, when the Sabah-ATV group had been sold to Çalık Holding, led by Erdoğan's son-in-law, and Doğan sold the newspapers Milliyet and Vatan to settle its bill from the tax case. The sale of Milliyet, perhaps the most respected brand in Turkish journalism, dramatically diminished the influence of the Doğan Media Group. The huge tax fine also served as a clear warning to other media owners of the cost of challenging the government.
Doğuş Holding (NTV, StarTV) won a $702 million bid in May 2013 to operate Istanbul's Galataport in Karaköy.
In November, İhlas Holding (Türkiye, İhlas News Agency, TGRT TV) signed a $1.86 billion deal to redevelop Istanbul's Gaziosmanpaşa neighborhood.
The Demirören Group, whose Milangaz subsidiary is one of the country's liquefied petroleum gas giants and which built the controversial Demirören shopping center on Istanbul's Istiklal Avenue, bought Milliyet and Vatan from Doğan in 2011. According to Erdoğan himself, the company's owner, Erdoğan Demirören, asked the prime minister for his recommendation for editor in chief of Milliyet after buying the paper.
The role of public tenders and privatization in maintaining government influence over media cannot be overstated. The prime minister's office controls billions of dollars in projects per year as the chair of the Privatization High Council (OİB). The PM has final say over privatization approvals, creating a clear incentive for diversified holding companies to avoid all conflict with his office. An even larger amount of money flows through the public procurement process. In 2012, the government issued $46.2 billion worth of contracts, with key holding companies with media outlets eagerly bidding. Billions more are distributed through the Housing Development Administration (TOKİ), also run by the prime minister's office. Defense industry procurement, also overseen by the PM through the Defense Industry Executive Committee, is another major source of patronage and pressure.
Over time, these procurement practices have become even less transparent. In the last two years, amendments to procurement law placed tenders in multiple sectors (including defense, security, intelligence, technology, and railways) outside the purview of the watchdog Public Procurement Authority (KİK) that is responsible for issuing monitoring reports on public tenders. A change buried in the fourth judicial reform package in 2012 also reduced criminal charges for bid rigging in public tenders.
The Court of Accounts, which is charged with monitoring and reporting to parliament on government spending, was defanged by June 2012 legislation that limited the court's autonomy to pursue audits. The Constitutional Court overturned the legislation in December 2012, yet the Court of Accounts has been unable to audit public institutions for the last two years and will not be able to do so for at least three more because of an amendment that exempted state institutions from providing account details.
The Savings Deposit and Insurance Fund (TMSF), the body attached to the prime minister's office that recovers debt owed to banks and failed financial institutions, provides another means for to assert control over the media. TMSF has on several occasions seized control of media organizations whose parent companies have been in trouble. The reliable result is resale to companies sympathetic to the AK Party. This was the mechanism by which the Sabah-ATV group was sold to Çalık Holding in 2007, and in 2013 Çukurova's media properties went to Ethem Sancak, a wealthy businessmen and a passionate supporter of the PM. Even before Sancak's purchase of Akşam, TMSF had appointed a former AKP deputy to be the editor in chief of the newspaper.
A remark heard frequently during Freedom House's investigations is that many owners of powerful holding companies regard media properties as a burden rather than a privilege—a levy that must be paid to ensure continued access to government contracts. An increasingly common phenomenon is a game of "pass the can," where holding companies bear the cost of running a pro-government media group for a time and then try to transfer ownership to another beneficiary of government favor as quickly as circumstances allow.
The result is an atmosphere of complicity, censorship, and outright stenography on the part of a large segment of the media. It is no longer unusual for multiple newspapers to run the same headline when the political stakes are particularly high. In November, during a very public rift between Deputy Prime Minister Bülent Arınç and Prime Minister Erdoğan over Erdoğan's vow to use the police to investigate co-ed student housing, six newspapers ran near-identical headlines quoting the prime minister playing down the feud: "We will solve it amongst ourselves" is what readers saw when they picked up their papers.
The same thing happened in early June when seven papers ran headlines with an identical quote from the prime minister on his return from North Africa during the Gezi protests: "I would give my life for the demands of democracy," he declared, suggesting that like his hero Adnan Menderes, the prime minister hanged by the military in 1960, he was willing to martyr himself for the cause of democracy.
The most chilling example of government abuse is the detention and imprisonment of a large number of journalists, mainly but not all Kurdish. As of December 1, 2013, the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) found that 40 journalists were imprisoned as a result oftheir work. While down from the 49 that the organization documented in 2012, the number still made Turkey the top jailer of journalists in the world, ahead of China and Iran. Local monitoring organization Bianet lists 59 imprisoned journalists and 23 media employees.
As other reports have documented, the majority of the journalists in prison or in pretrial detention are Kurds working for outlets associated with the Kurdish movement. According to some analysts, the government is keeping the journalists and activists to be used as bargaining chips with the PKK in negotiations.
Approximately one-quarter of the imprisoned journalists (as counted by CPJ) work for media outlets associated with banned leftist movements, while a smaller number were swept up in the Ergenekon trials. Two of the reporters that covered the trial, Ahmet Şık and Nedim Şener, were held in pretrial detention for over a year on charges of being part of Ergenekon, the organization they were supposed to be covering. Şener, who had written a book accusing police of organizing the murder of Armenian journalist Hrant Dink, and Şık, who had written a book about Gülen supporters in the police, are still facing charges of supporting an armed terrorist organization in the OdaTV case, one of the spinoffs from the original Ergenekon trial.