text:
\section{Introduction and results}

Let $\Bbb D\subset\Bbb C$ be the unit disc. For a domain
$D\subset\Bbb C^n$ the Carath\'eodory and Kobayashi
(pseudo)metrics are defined in the following way (cf. \cite{JP}):
$$\gamma_D(z;X)=\sup\{|f'(z)X|:f\in\mathcal O(D,\Bbb
D),f(z)=0\},$$
$$\kappa_D(z;X)=\inf\{\alpha\ge 0:\exists\varphi\in\mathcal O(\Bbb
D,D):\varphi(0)=z,\alpha\varphi'(0)=X\}.$$ It is clear that
$\gamma_D\le\kappa_D.$

Recall that a domain $D\subset\Bbb C^n$ is called {\it $\Bbb
C$-convex} if any non-empty intersection with a complex line is a
simply connected domain (cf. \cite{APS,Hor}). A consequence of the
fundamental Lempert theorem is the equality $\gamma_D=\kappa_D$
for any convex domain and any bounded $\Bbb C$-convex domain $D$
with $C^2$ boundary; for the last statement use that such a domain
can be exhausted by smooth bounded strictly $\Bbb C$-convex domains
(see \cite{Jac}).

A domain $D\subset\Bbb C^n$ is said to be {\it linearly convex}
(respectively, {\it weakly linearly convex}) if for any $a\in\Bbb
C^n\setminus D$ (for any $a\in\partial D$) there exists a complex
hyperplane through $a$ which does not intersect $D.$

Recall that the following implications hold:

\centerline{$\Bbb C$-convexity $\Rightarrow$ linear convexity
$\Rightarrow$ weak linear convexity.}

Moreover, these three notions coincide in the case of $C^1$-smooth
domains in dimension greater than 1 (cf. \cite{APS,Hor}).

{\bf (A)} For $\Bbb C$-convex domains we shall prove the following
results for the boundary behavior of the Carath\'eodory and
Kobayashi metrics.

\begin{proposition}\label{1} Let $D$ be a $\Bbb C$-convex domain
containing no complex line through $z\in D$ in direction of $X.$
Then
$$\frac{1}{4}\le\gamma_D(z;X)d_D(z,X)\le\kappa_D(z;X)d_D(z,X)\le 1,$$
where $$d_D(z,X)=\sup\{r>0:z+\lambda X\in D\hbox{ if
}|\lambda|<r\}$$ is the distance from $z$ to $\partial D$ in
direction $X.$
\end{proposition}

The constant $\frac{1}{4}$ can be replaced by $\frac{1}{2}$ in the
case of convex domains (see \cite{BP}). On the other hand, the
constant $\frac{1}{4}$ is the best one in the planar case as the
image $D=\Bbb C\setminus[1/4,\infty)$ of $\Bbb D$ under the Koebe
function $\frac{z}{(1+z)^2}$ shows. It is clear that the upper
constant $1$ is attained if, for example, $D=\Bbb D.$

\begin{corollary}\label{2} For any $\Bbb C$-convex domain $D\subset\Bbb C^n$ one has
that $\kappa_D\le 4\gamma_D.$
\end{corollary}

Recall that if a $\Bbb C$-convex domain $D\subset\Bbb C^n$
contains a complex line, then it is linearly equivalent to the
Cartesian product of $\Bbb C$ and a $\Bbb C$-convex domain in
$\Bbb C^{n-1}.$

For a boundary point $a$ of a domain $D\subset\Bbb C^n$ denote by
$L_a$ the set of all vectors $X\in\Bbb C^n$ for which there exists
$\varepsilon>0$ such that $\partial
D\supset\Delta_X(a,\varepsilon)=\{a+\lambda
X:|\lambda|<\varepsilon\}.$

The following result is a consequence of Proposition \ref{1}.

\begin{proposition}\label{3} Let $a$ be a boundary point of
a $\Bbb C$-convex domain $D\subset\Bbb C^n.$

(i) Then
$$\lim_{z\to a}\gamma_D(z;X)=\infty$$
locally uniformly in $X\not\in L_a.$\footnote{This means that for
any $M>0$ there are neighborhoods $U$ of $a$ and $V$ of $X$ such
that $\gamma_D(z;Y)>M$ for any $z\in D\cap U$ and $Y\in V\setminus
L_a.$}

(ii) If $\partial D$ is $C^1$-smooth at $a,$ then $L_a$ is a
linear space. Moreover, for any non-tangential cone $\Lambda$ with
vertex at $a$ there is a constant $c>0$ such that
$$\limsup_{\Lambda\ni z\to a}\kappa_D(z;X)\le c$$
locally uniformly in the unit vectors $X\in L_a.$
\end{proposition}

{\bf (B)} Next we shall discuss types related to a
($C^\infty$-)smooth boundary point $a$ of a domain $D\subset\Bbb C^n$
and a vector $X\in(\Bbb C^n)_\ast.$ Denote by $m_a$ the (usual) type
of $a,$ i.e. the maximal order of contacts of non-trivial analytic
discs through $a$ and $\partial D$ at the point $a.$ Replacing
analytic discs by complex lines, we define the linear type $l_a$
of $a.$ We may also define $l_{a,X}$ as the order of contact of
the line through $a$ in direction of $X$ and $\partial D$ at $a.$
Then $m_a\ge l_a=\sup_X l_{a,X}.$ Note that if $l_{a,X}<\infty,$
then $X\not\in L_a.$

\begin{proposition}\label{4} Let $a$ be a smooth boundary point of
a $\Bbb C$-convex domain $D\subset\Bbb C^n$ and let $X\in
(\Bbb C^n)_\ast$ with $l_{a,X}<\infty.$ Denote by $n_a$ the inner
normal to $\partial D$ at $a.$ Then there exist a neighborhood $U$
of $a$ and a constant $c>1$ such that
$$c^{-1}d_D(z)\le d_D(z,X)^{l_{a,X}}\le c d_D(z),\quad z\in D\cap U\cap
n_a,$$ where $d_D$ is the distance to $\partial D.$
\end{proposition}

Combining Proposition \ref{1} and \ref{4} we immediately get an
extension of the main result in \cite{Lee} from the convex to the
$\Bbb C$-convex case.

\begin{corollary}\label{5} Under the notations of Proposition
\ref{4}, there is a constant $c>0$ such that
$$c^{-1}(d_D(z))^{-1/l_{a,X}}\le\gamma_D(z;X)\le\kappa_D(z;X)
\le c(d_D(z))^{-1/l_{a,X}}.$$
\end{corollary}

The main result in \cite{McN1} (see also \cite{BS}) states that
$m_a=l_a$ for convex domains. The same remains true for a
$\Bbb C$-convex domain.

\begin{proposition}\label{6} If $a$ is a smooth boundary point of
a $\Bbb C$-convex domain $D\subset\Bbb C^n,$ then $m_a=l_a.$
\end{proposition}

\noindent{\bf Remark.} We like to mention that the proof in
\cite{BS} immediately implies the above proposition in dimension
2. But we do not know if the criterion in \cite{BS} (for the
equality $m_a=l_a$) holds for any $\Bbb C$-convex domain.
\smallskip

Moreover, in the case of infinite type we have the following
result.

\begin{proposition}\label{7} If $a$ is a $C^1$-smooth boundary point of
a $\Bbb C$-convex domain $D\subset\Bbb C^n,$ then $\partial D$ contains
no nontrivial analytic disc through $a$ if only if $L_a=\{0\}.$
\end{proposition}

\noindent{\bf Remark.} Some of the above propositions in (A) and
(B) have local versions. In this connection recall that there is a
localization principle for the Kobayashi metric of any hyperbolic
domain (cf. \cite{JP}).
\smallskip

{\bf (C)} Now we are going to discuss multitypes of boundary
points. Recall that a smooth finite type pseudoconvex boundary
point $a$ of a domain $D\subset\Bbb C^n$ is said to be semiregular
\cite{DH} (or h-extendible \cite{Yu2}) if its Catlin multitype
$\mathcal M(a)$ coincides with its D'Angelo type $\Delta(a).$
Based on the fact that the usual type is equal to the line type in
the case of convex domains, it it is shown in \cite{Yu1} that if
$a$ is a smooth convex point (not necessarily of finite type),
then $\mathcal L(a)=\mathcal M(a)=\Delta(a),$ where $\mathcal
L(a)$ denotes the linear multitype of $a.$

We shall say that $a$ is a {\it $\Bbb C$-convex boundary point} of
a domain $D\subset\Bbb C^n$ if there is a neighborhood $U$ of $D$
such that $D\cap U$ is a $\Bbb C$-convex domain.

\begin{proposition}\label{12} \footnote{The same result may be found in
\cite{Con}; the proof there is related on good local coordinates
and on the proof in \cite{Yu1}, whereas our proof is based on the
simple geometric Lemma \ref{11} and on the proof in \cite{Yu1}.}
If $a$ is a smooth $\Bbb C$-convex boundary point of a domain
$D\subset\Bbb C^n,$ then $\mathcal L(a)=\mathcal M(a)=\Delta(a).$
\end{proposition}

Then the main result in \cite{Yu2} implies the following.

\begin{corollary}\label{13} Any smooth finite type $\Bbb C$-convex boundary
point $a$ of a domain  $D\subset\Bbb C^n$ is a local (holomorphic)
peak point. Moreover, there is a neighborhood $U$ of $a$ and a
domain $\Bbb C^n\supset G\supset\overline{D\cap U}\setminus\{a\}$
such that $a\in\partial G$ is a peak point w.r.t. the algebra
$A(G).$
\end{corollary}

This corollary is also a direct consequence of the main result in
\cite{DF}, where local holomorphic support functions which depend
smoothly on the boundary points are constructed .

We point out that the assumption of smoothness is essential as the
domain $D=\Bbb D\setminus[0,1)$ may show. It is easy to see that
the points from the deleted interval are not peak points for
$A(D).$

On the other hand, in \cite{Sib}, the following result is claimed.

\begin{proposition}\label{18} Let $D\subset\Bbb C^n$ be a bounded convex domain.
Then $a\in\partial D$ is a peak point w.r.t. $A(D)$ if and only if
$L_a=\{0\}.$
\end{proposition}

For the convenience of the reader, we shall prove this result.

Note that there is a smooth convex bounded domain $D\subset\Bbb
C^2$ containing no non-trivial analytic discs in the boundary but
some of the boundary points (not of finite type) are not peak
points w.r.t. $A^\alpha(D)$ for any $\alpha>0$ (see \cite{Noe}).

Note also that main result in \cite{Nik1} (see also \cite{Yu3} and
\cite{BSY}) and Proposition \ref{12} give the following fact about
the boundary behavior of invariant metrics (see also
\cite{Blu,Lie}).

\begin{corollary}\label{14} Let $a$ be a finite type $\Bbb C$-convex
boundary point of a smooth bounded pseudoconvex domain $D\subset
\Bbb C^n.$ Let $\mathcal M(a)=(m_1,\dots,m_n)$ be the Catlin
multitype of $a$ ($m_1=1$ and $m_2\le\dots\le m_n$ are even
numbers). Denote by $n_a$ the inner normal to $\partial D$ at $a.$
There is a basis $\{e_1,\dots,e_n\}$ ($e_1$ is the complex normal
vector and $\{e_2,\dots,e_n\}\subset T^\Bbb C_a(\partial D)$) and a
constant $c>1$ such that for any $X=\sum_{j=1}^n X_je_j$ we have
$$c^{-1}\le \liminf_{n_a\ni
z\to
a}F_D(z;X)\left(\sum_j^n\frac{|X_j|}{(d_D(z))^{1/m_j}}\right)^{-1}$$
$$\le \limsup_{n_a\ni z\to
a}F_D(z;X)\left(\sum_j^n\frac{|X_j|}{(d_D(z))^{1/m_j}}\right)^{-1}\le
c.$$ Here $F_D$ is any of the Carath\'eodory, Kobayashi or Bergman
metrics.
\end{corollary}

We point out that this corollary implies Proposition \ref{4} in
the finite type case, showing in addition that for any
$X\in(\Bbb C^n)_\ast$ there is $j=1,\dots,n$ with $l_{a,X}=m_j.$

{\bf (D)} Finally, we turn to the main part in this paper, namely,
the boundary behavior of the Bergman metric of $\Bbb C$-convex
domains. Denote by $L_h^2(D)$ the Hilbert space of all holomorphic
functions $f$ on a domain $D\subset\Bbb C^n$ that are
square-integrable and by $||f||_D$ the $L_2$-norm of $f$. Let
$K_D$ be the restriction to the diagonal to the Bergman kernel
function of $D$. It is well-known that (cf. \cite{JP})
$$K_D(a)=\sup\{|f(a)|^2:f\in L_h^2(D),\;\|f\|_D\le1\}.$$ If
$K_D(z)>0$ for some point $z\in D$, then the Bergman metric
$B_D(z;X),\\
X\in\Bbb C^n$, is well-defined and can be given by the equality
$$B_D(z;X)=\frac{M_D(z;X)}{\sqrt{K_D(z)}},$$ where
$M_D(z;X)=\sup\{|f'(z)X|:f\in L_h^2(D),\,\|f\|_D=1,\;f(z)=0\}$.

Recall that (cf. \cite{JP})
$$\gamma_D\le B_D.$$ On the other hand, there
exists a constant $c_n>0,$ depending only on $n$ such that for any
convex domain  $D\subset\Bbb C^n,$ containing no complex line, the
following inequality holds (see \cite{NP2}):
$$B_D\le c_n\gamma_D.$$

This fact extends to any $\Bbb C$-convex domain as the following
theorem shows.

\begin{theorem}\label{8} There exists a constant
$c_n>0,$ depending only on $n,$ such that for any $\Bbb C$-convex
domain $D\subset\Bbb C^n$, containing no complex lines,\footnote
{Under the given assumptions $D$ is biholomorphic to a bounded
domain (cf. \cite {NPZ}) and hence $B_D$ is well-defined.} one has
that
$$B_D(z;X)d_D(z,X)\le c_n,\quad z\in D, X\in(\Bbb C^n)_\ast.$$
In particular, by Proposition \ref{1},
$$\frac{\kappa_D}{4}\le B_D\le 4c_n\gamma_D.$$
\end{theorem}

To prove Theorem \ref{8}, we shall need a lower geometrical
estimates for the Bergman kernel. For this, similarly to the
convex case (see \cite{NP2}; see also \cite{Hef1,Hef2,Con} and
compare with \cite{Che,McN1,McN2}), we introduce the following
geometrical objects related to an arbitrary domain $D\subset\Bbb
C^n,$ containing no complex lines.

For $z^0\in D=:D_0\subset\Bbb C^n=:H_0$ define
$d_{1,D}(z^0):=\operatorname{dist}(z^0,\partial D)=d_D(z^0)$. Fix an
$a^1\in\partial D$ such that $||a^1-z^0||=d_{1,D}(z^0)$. Let
$l_1=z^0+V_1$ be the complex line passing through $z^0$ and $a^1$.
Let $H_1:=V_1^\perp$ be the $(n-1)$-dimensional complex space
orthogonal to $V_1$. Set $D_1:=D_0\cap(z^0+H_1)$ and
$d_{2,D}(z^0):=\operatorname{dist}_{z^0+H_1}(z^0,\partial_{z^0+H_1} D_1)$. Then
fix a point $a^2\in\partial_{z^0+H_1}(D_1)$ with
$\|a^2-z^0\|=d_{2,D}(z^0)$. Denote by $l_2=z^0+V_2$ the complex
line through $z^0$ and $a^2$. Note that $V_2\subset V_1^\perp$.
Put $H_2:=V_2^\perp\cap H_1$ and define $D_2:=D_1\cap(z^0+H_2)$.
Continuing the previous procedure we are led to an orthonormal
basis (arising from the complex lines $l_1,\dots,l_n$), positive
numbers $d_{1,D}(z^0),\dots,d_{n,D}(z^0)$ and points
$a^1,\dots,a^n$ with $a^j\in\partial_{z^0+H_{j-1}}D_{j-1}$ and
$\|a^j-z^0\|=d_{j,D}(z^0)$.

Set $$p_D(z^0):= d_{1,D}(z^0)\cdots d_{n,D}(z^0).$$

Using these numbers we get the following estimates for the Bergman
kernel.

\begin{theorem}\label{9} Let $D\subset\Bbb C^n$ be a $\Bbb C$-convex
domain containing no complex lines. Then
$$\frac{1}{(16\pi)^n}\le
K_D(z)p_D^{2}(z)\le\frac{(2n)!}{(2\pi)^n}.$$
\end{theorem}

Recall that the constant 16 can be replaced by 4 in the case of
convex domains (see \cite{NP2}).

The next result extends earlier ones treating convex domains of
finite type (cf. \cite{Che,McN2}) and the proof here is easier and
pure geometrical. Take a vector $X\in\Bbb C^n.$ For any point
$z\in D$, decompose $X$ w.r.t to the orthogonal basis mentioned
above, i.e. $X=(X_1(z),\dots,X_n(z)).$

Then the following result is a consequence of Proposition \ref{1}
and Theorem \ref{8} .

\begin{proposition}\label{10} There exists a constant
$c_n>1,$ depending only on $n,$ such that for any $\Bbb C$-convex
domain $D\subset\Bbb C^n$, containing no complex lines, one has
that
$$c_n^{-1}\le F_D(z;X)\left(\sum_j^n\frac{|X_j(z)|}{d_{j,D}(z)}\right)^{-1}\le c_n,$$
where $F_D$ denotes any of the Carath\'eodory, Kobayashi or
Bergman metrics.
\end{proposition}

This result is in the spirit of Corollary \ref{14}.
\smallskip

{\bf Remark.} Proposition \ref{3} and Corollary \ref{5}  hold for
the Bergman metric, if the domain contains no complex lines. (In
fact, then Proposition \ref{3} transports the main result in
\cite{Her} and a result in \cite{NP1} from the convex to the $\Bbb
C$-convex case). Moreover, these and the other results for the
Bergman kernel and metric have local versions on bounded
pseudoconvex domains due to the localization principle for the
Bergman invariants (cf. \cite{JP}).

\section{Proofs}

\begin{proof}[Proof of Proposition \ref{1}]
The upper bound is trivial and holds for any domain $D$, since it
contains the disc with center $z$ and radius $d_D(z,X)$ in
direction $X.$

To prove the lower bound, we may assume that $||X||=1.$ Denote by
$l$ the complex line trough $z$ in direction $X$ and choose $a\in
l\cap\partial D$ such that $||z-a||=d_D(z,X).$ Consider a complex
hyperplane $H$ through $a$ such that $D\cap H=\emptyset$ and
denote by $G$ the projection of $D$ onto $l$ in direction $H.$
Note that $G$ is a simply connected domain (cf. \cite{APS,Hor}),
$a\in\partial G$ and $d_G(z)=||z-a||.$ It remains to apply the
Koebe theorem to get that
$$\gamma_D(z;X)\ge\gamma_G(z;1)\ge\frac{1}{4 d_G(z)}.$$
\end{proof}

Many of the next proofs will be based on the following geometric
property of weakly linearly convex domains (see also \cite{ZZ} and
(for the finite type case) \cite{Con}).

\begin{lemma}\label{11} Assume that a weakly linearly
convex domain $G\subset\Bbb C^n$ contains the unit disc $\Bbb D_j$
in the $j$-th complex coordinate line for any $j=1,\dots,n$. Then
$G$ contains the convex hull of $\bigcup_{j=1}^n \Bbb D_j,$ i.e.
$$E:=\{z\in\Bbb C^n:\sum_{j=1}^n|z_j|<1\}\subset G.$$
\end{lemma}

\begin{proof} For any $\varepsilon\in (0,1)$
there is $\delta>0$ such that
$$
X_\varepsilon:=\bigcup_{j=1}^n\Big(\delta\Bbb
D\times\dots\times\delta\Bbb D\times\varepsilon\Bbb D\times \delta\Bbb
D\times\dots\times\delta\Bbb D\Big)\subset G.$$ Recall that
$$
\widehat X_\varepsilon\subset G,
$$
where $\widehat X_\varepsilon$ is the smallest linearly convex set
containing $X_\varepsilon$. Moreover,
$$
\widehat X_\varepsilon=\{z\in\Bbb C^n:\forall b\in\Bbb C^n:<z,b>=1\ \exists
a\in X_\varepsilon:<a,b>=1\}.
$$
(cf. \cite{APS,Hor}). Then $\widehat X_\varepsilon$ is a balanced domain
and, therefore, convex (see \cite{NPZ}). Hence,
$$E_\varepsilon:=\{z\in\Bbb C^n:\sum_{j=1}^n|z_j|<\varepsilon\}\subset\widehat X_\varepsilon\subset
G,\quad \varepsilon\in (0,1),$$ which proves Lemma \ref{11}.
\end{proof}

\noindent{\bf Remark.} The same argument implies that $G$ contains
the convex hull of any balanced domain lying in $G.$ In
particular, the maximal balanced domain lying in $G$ is convex
(see also \cite{ZZ}).

\begin{proof}[Proof of Proposition \ref{3}] (i) Assuming the contrary,
we may find an $r>0$ and sequences $D\supset(z_j)_j,\; z_j\to a,\
\Bbb C^n\supset(X_j)_j,\;X_j\to X\not\in L_a$ such that $\displaystyle
\gamma_D(z_j;X_j)\le\frac{1}{4r}.$ Note that, by Proposition 1,
$d_D(z_j;X_j)\ge r$ (this is trivial if $D$ contains the complex
line through $z_j$ in direction $X_j$). Then
$\Delta_{X_j}(a,r)\subset D_r=D\cap\Bbb B_n(a,2r)$ for any large
$j.$ Note that $D_r$ is a (weakly) linearly convex open set. It is
easy to see that $D_r$ is taut, i.e. the family $\mathcal O(\Bbb
D,D_r)$ is normal (cf. \cite{NPTZ}). Hence
$\Delta_X(a,r)\subset\partial D;$ a contradiction.

(ii) Recall that $\partial D$ is $C^1$-smooth. Therefore, for any
two linearly independent vectors $X,Y\in L_a,$ we may find a
neighborhood $U$ of $a$ and a number $\varepsilon>0$ such that
$\Delta_X(z,\varepsilon)\subset D$ and
$\Delta_Y(z,\varepsilon)\subset D$ for $z\in D\cap U\cap\Lambda.$
It follows by Lemma \ref{11} that
$\Delta_{X+Y}(z,\varepsilon')\subset D$ for some $\varepsilon'>0.$
We get as in (i) that $\Delta_{X+Y}(a,\varepsilon')\subset\partial
D.$ Therefore, $L_a$ is a linear space.

Then, choosing a basis in $L_a$ and applying Lemma \ref{11}, we
see that there are a neighborhood $U$ of $a$ and a number $c>0$
such that $\Delta_X(z,c)\subset D$ for any $z\in D\cap
U\cap\Lambda$ and any unit vector $X\in L_a.$ Now the desired
estimates follow by Proposition \ref{1}.
\end{proof}

\begin{proof}[Proof of Proposition \ref{4}] We may assume that $\text{Re}(z_1)<0$
is the inner normal direction to $\partial D$ at $a=0.$ Let
$r(z)=\text{Re}(z_1)+o(|z_1|)+\rho('z)$ be a smooth defining
function of $D$ near $0.$

For any small $\delta>0$ we have that $\delta=d_D(\delta_n),$
where $\delta_n=(-\delta,'0).$ Set
$L_\delta(\zeta)=-\delta_n+\zeta X,$ $\zeta\in\Bbb C^n.$

We shall consider two cases.

1. $l_{a,X}=1.$ This means that $X_1\neq 0.$ Then
$r(L_\delta(\zeta))=-\delta+\text{Re}(\zeta X_1)+o(|\zeta|).$ It
follows that $L_\delta(\zeta)\in D$ if
$|\zeta|<\frac{\delta}{2|X_1|}$ and $\delta$ is small enough. This
proves the left-hand side inequality.

The opposite inequality follows by the inequality
$r(L_\delta(2\delta/X_1))>0$ which holds for any small $\delta>0.$

2. $l_{a,X}\ge 2.$ This means that $X_1=0.$ Then
$r(L_\delta(\zeta))=-\delta+\rho(\zeta 'X ).$ Since $\rho(\zeta
'X)\le c|\zeta|^l$ for some $c>0,$ we conclude that
$L_\delta(\zeta)\in D$ if $c|\zeta|^l<\delta.$ This implies the
left-hand side inequality.

To prove the opposite inequality, we have to find $c_1>0$ such
that for any small $\delta>0$ there is $\zeta$ with
$|\zeta|^l=c_1^{-1}\delta$ and $\rho(\zeta'X)\ge\delta.$ Since $D$
is (weakly) linearly convex, it follows that
$\rho(\zeta'X)=h(\zeta)+o(|\zeta|^l)\ge 0,$  where
$$h(\zeta)=\sum_{j+k=l}a_{jk}\zeta^j\overline{\zeta}^k\not\equiv 0.$$
Then the homogeneity of $h$ implies that $h\ge 0.$ Moreover, since
$h\not\equiv 0$ we may find a $\zeta$ with $|\zeta|=1$ and
$h(\zeta)>c_1$ for some $c_1>0.$ Then the constant $c_1$ does the
job for any small $\delta>0.$
\end{proof}

\begin{proof}[Proof of Proposition \ref{6}]
The inequality $l_a\le m_a$ is trivial. To prove the opposite one,
we may assume that $l_a<\infty.$ It follows from Propositions
\ref{1} and \ref{4} that
$$\liminf_{D\cap n_a\ni z\to a}\gamma_D(z;X)d^{1/l_a}\ge c_X>0.$$
Hence, $m_a\le l_a$ by Corollary 2 in \cite{Yu4} (in fact,
$\limsup$ instead of $\liminf$ above is sufficient).
\end{proof}

\begin{proof}[Proof of Proposition \ref{7}]
We shall use the same notations as in the proof of Proposition
\ref{4}. It is enough to show that if $\varphi:\Bbb D\to\partial
D$ is a non-trivial analytic disc with $\varphi(0)=0,$ then
$L_a\neq\{0\}.$ Since $\partial D$ is smooth near $a,$ it follows
that there is a $c>0$ such that
$\varphi_\delta(\zeta)=-\delta_n+\varphi(\zeta)\in D$ if
$\delta<c$ and $|\zeta|<c.$ Let $m=\operatorname{ord}_0\varphi$ and
$X=\frac{\varphi^{(m)}(0)}{m!}.$ Denoting by $\kappa^{(m)}_D$ the
Kobayashi metric of order $m$ (cf. \cite{Yu4} for this notion), it
follows that $\kappa^{(m)}_D(\delta_n;X)\le1/c.$ Since
$\gamma_D\le \kappa^{(m)}_D,$ we get as in the proof of
Proposition 3 (i) that $\Delta_X(a,c/4)\subset\partial D.$
\end{proof}

\begin{proof}[Proof of Proposition \ref{12}] The proof can be done following
line by line the proofs in \cite{Yu1}. We only point out how the
replace the arguments there that use convexity. We may assume that
$D$ is a $\Bbb C$-convex domain and $a=0.$ Following the notation
from Proposition \ref{4}, let $r(z)=Re(z_1)+o(|z_1|)+\rho('z)$ be
a defining function of $D$ which is smooth near $0.$

page 841: Let $X,Y\subset\Bbb C^{n-1}$ be such that $\rho(\zeta X)\le
C|\zeta|^m$ and  $\rho(\zeta Y)\le C|\zeta|^m.$ We have to show
that $\rho(\zeta(X+Y)/2)\le C|\zeta|^m.$ For this, fix $\zeta\neq
0$ and take $\delta=C|\zeta^m|.$ Then
$\Delta_X(\delta_n,|\zeta|)\subset D,$
$\Delta_Y(\delta_n,|\zeta|)\subset D$ and hence
$\Delta_{(X+Y)/2}(\delta_n,|\zeta|)\subset D$ by Lemma \ref{11}.
This implies the desired inequality.

We may do the same to get the formula (2.13) on page 845.

Our Proposition \ref{6} is an extension of Theorem C which is
invoked on page 845.

It remains to show Proposition 2 on page 843. Let $k_2,\dots,k_n$
be even integers such that $\rho(\zeta e_j)\le C|\zeta|^{k_j}$ for
any $j=2,\dots,n.$ It is enough to prove that $D^\alpha{\overline
D}^\beta\rho(0)=0$ for any $n$-tuples
$\alpha=(\alpha_2,\dots,\alpha_n)$ and
$\beta=(\beta_2,\dots,\beta_n)$ of non-negative integers with
$w_{\alpha,\beta}=\sum_{j=2}^n\frac{\alpha_j+\beta_j}{k_j}<1.$
Since $\Delta_{e_j}(C\delta_n,\delta^{1/k_j})\subset D$ for any
$\delta>0,$ it follows by Lemma 11 that $\rho('z/n)<C\delta$ for
any $z$ with $|z_j|^{k_j}<\delta.$ In particular, if
$\rho_t('z)=\rho(t^{1/k_2}z_2,\dots,t^{1/k_n}z_n),$ $t>0,$ then
\begin{equation}\label{17}
0\le \rho_t('z/n)<Ct,\quad 'z\in\Bbb D^{n-1}.
\end{equation}
Let now $s=\min\{w(\alpha,\beta):D^\alpha{\overline
D}^\beta\rho(0)\neq0\}.$ Then
$$\lim_{t\to 0}t^{-s}\rho_t('z)=\sum_{w(\alpha,\beta)=s}D^\alpha{\overline
D}^\beta\rho(0)'z^\alpha\overline{'z}^\beta$$ locally uniformly in
$'z.$ Assuming $s<1,$ the inequality \ref{17} implies that the
last polynomial vanishes, a contradiction.
\end{proof}

\begin{proof}[Proof of Proposition \ref{18}] Let first
$L_a\neq\{0\}.$ This means that $\Delta_X(a,r)\subset\partial D$
for some $r>0$ and $X\in(\Bbb C^n)_\ast.$ By convexity,
$\Delta_X(c,r/2)\subset D$ for any $c=ta+(1-t)b$ if $b\in D$ and
$t\in(0,1/2].$ Now the maximum principle implies that $a$ is not a
peak point.

Let now $L_a=\{0\}.$ We may assume that $a=0$ and
$D\subset\{z\in\Bbb C^n:\text{Re}(z_1)<0\}.$ Then $e^{z_1}$ is an
entire weak peak function for $\overline{D}$ at $0.$ Setting
$H=\{z\in\Bbb C^n:\text{Re}(z_1)<0\}.$ It follows that implies
$\text{supp}\mu\subset D_1=\partial D\cap H$ for any representing
measure $\mu$ for $0$ w.r.t. $A(D).$ Since $L_0=\{0\},$ it follows
that $0$ is a boundary point of the convex set $D_1.$ Then there
exists an entire function which is a weak peak function for $D_1$
at $0$ (we need such a function function to be in $A(D)$). We get
as above that $\text{supp}\mu$ is contained in some $(n-2)$
dimensional space. Repeating this procedure, it follows that
$\text{supp}\mu\subset\partial D\cap l,$ where $l$ is a complex
line. Since $0$ is a boundary point of the last convex set, then
there is an entire function which is a peak function for $\partial
D\cap l$ at $0.$ So $\text{supp}\mu=\{0\},$ i.e. 0 is a peak point
w.r.t. $A(D)$ (cf. \cite{Gam}).
\end{proof}

\begin{proof}[Proof of Theorem \ref{9}.] We first prove the lower
bound. Fix $z^0\in D$. Using a translation and then successive
rotations we may assume (see the description of the numbers
$d_{j,D}$) that $z^0=0$, $H_j=\{0\}\times \Bbb C^{n-j}$,
$j=1,\dots,n-1$, and
$a^j=(0,a^j_j,0)\in\Bbb C^{j-1}\times\Bbb C\times\Bbb C^{n-j}$ with
$d_{j,D}(z^0)=|a_j^j|$.

Recall that $D$ is $\Bbb C$-convex. Therefore, there exist affine
hyperplanes $a^j+W_j$ through $a^j$ which do not intersect $D$.
Note that $W_1\cap H_1$ is orthogonal to $a^2$, i.e. $W_1\cap
H_1\subset\{0\}\times\Bbb C^{n-2}$. Hence $W_1$ is given by the
equation $\alpha_{2,1}z_1+z_2=0$. Moreover, using a similar
argument, the equations for $W_j$, $j=1,\dots,n-1$, are the
following ones:
$$
\alpha_{j,1}z_1+\cdots+\alpha_{j,j}z_j+z_{j+1}=0.
$$
Let $F:\Bbb C^n\to\Bbb C^n$ be the linear mapping given by the matrix
$A$ whose rows are given by the vectors
$(\alpha_{j,1},\dots,\alpha_{j,j},1,0,\dots,0),$ $j=0,\dots,n-1.$
Define $G=F(D)$ and observe that $G$ is again $\Bbb C$-convex. Note
that $K_D(0)=K_G(0)$ since $\det A=1.$ Finally, put
$G_j:=\pi_j(G)$, where $\pi_j$ is the projection onto the $j$-th
coordinate axis. Then (see \cite{APS}) $G_j$ is a simply connected
domain, $j=1,\dots,n,$ and $G\subset G_1\times\cdots\times G_n$.
Hence
$$
K_D(0)\geq K_{G_1\times\cdots\times G_n}(0)=K_{G_1}(0)\cdots
K_{G_n}(0).
$$
Since $G_j$ is simply connected, using the Koebe theorem we get
$$
\sqrt{\pi K_{G_j}(0)}=\gamma_{G_j}(0;1)\geq \frac{1}{4d_{G_j}(0)}.
$$
Note that $F(a^j)\in\partial G$, its $j$-th coordinate is $a_j^j,$
and the affine hyperplane $\{z\in\Bbb C^n:z_j=a_j^j\}$ does not
intersect $G$. Hence $a_j^j\in\partial G_j$; in particular,
$d_{j,D}(z^0)=|a_j^j|\geq d_{G_j}(0)$, which finally gives the
lower bound.

To show the upper bound, consider the dilatation of coordinates
$$\Phi(z)=(z_1/d_{1,D}(z^0),\dots,z_n/d_{n,D}(z^0))$$ and
set $\tilde G=\Phi(D).$ Hence
$$K_D(z^0)=\frac{K_{\tilde G}(0)}{p_D^2(z^0)}.$$

Then the upper bound follows from Lemma \ref{11} and the following
formula (cf. \cite{JP,NP1}):
$$K_E(0)=\frac{(2n)!}{(2\pi)^n}.$$
\end{proof}

\begin{proof}[Proof of Theorem \ref{8}.] The proof can be done following
line by line the proof of Theorem 2 in \cite{NP2} and using
Theorem \ref{9} and Lemma \ref{11}. For convenience of the reader,
we include a complete proof.

We shall use the geometric constellation in the proof of Theorem
\ref{9}. Let $X\in(\Bbb C^n)_\ast$ and fix $k\in J:=\{j:X_j\neq 0\}$.
Then
$$\Psi_k(z):=(z_1-\frac{X_1}{X_k}z_k,\ldots,z_{k-1}-\frac{X_{k-1}}{X_k}z_{k},
z_k,z_{k+1}-\frac{X_{k+1}}{X_k}z_k,\ldots,z_n-\frac{X_n}{X_k}z_k)$$
is a linear mapping with jacobian equal to 1 and $Y^k:=\Psi_k(X)=
(0,\ldots,0,X_k,0,\ldots,0)$. Let $\Delta_j$ be the disc in the
$j$-th coordinate plane with center at $0$ and radius $d_{j,D}(0)$
if $j\neq k$, and $d'_k:=|X_k|d_D(0,X)$ if $j=k$. Then
$\Delta_j\subset D_k:=\Psi_k(D)$ and, by Lemma \ref{11},
$$D_k\supset E_k=\{z\in\Bbb C^n:\frac{|z_k|}{d'_k}+\sum_{j=1,j\neq
k}^n\frac{|z_j|}{d_j}<1\}.$$ Hence $$M_D(0;X)=M_{D_k}(0;Y^k)\le
M_{E_k}(0;Y^k)=C\frac{d_{k,D}(0)}{|X_k|p_D(0)d_D^2(0,X)},$$ where
$C_n:=M_E(0;e_1)=\sqrt{\frac{(2(n+1))!}{6(2\pi)^n}}$ (cf.
\cite{NP2}) and $e_1$ is the first basis vector. Applying the
lower bound in Theorem \ref{9},  we obtain that
\begin{equation}\label{15}B_D(0;X)=\frac{M_D(0;X)}{\sqrt{K_D(0)}}\le
\frac{c'_nd_{k,D}(0)}{|X_k|d_D^2(0,X)}, \quad 1\le k\le n,
\end{equation}
where
$c'_n=(4\sqrt{\pi})^nC_n=2^n\sqrt{\frac{2^{n-1}(2(n+1))!}{3}}.$ It
remains to apply Lemma \ref{11} to get that
\begin{equation}\label{16}
\frac{1}{d_D(0,X)}\le\sum_j^n\frac{|X_j(z)|}{d_{j,D}(z)}
\end{equation}
and then to choose $c_n=nc'_n.$
\end{proof}

\begin{proof}[Proof of Proposition \ref{10}.] It follows by
(\ref{15}) and the inequality
$$B_D(z;X)\ge\frac{1}{4d_D(z,X)}$$
that
$$\frac{|X_j(z)|}{d_{j,D}(z)}\le\frac{4c_n'}{d_D(z)}.$$
Hence,
\begin{equation}\label{19}
\frac{1}{d_D(z,X)}\le\sum_j^n\frac{|X_j(z)|}{d_{j,D}(z)}\le\frac{4c_n}{d_D(z,X)},
\end{equation}
where $c_n=nc_n'.$ Then (\ref{15}) and (\ref{16}) imply that
$$(16c_n)^{-1}\le F_D(z;X)\left(\sum_j^n\frac{|X_j(z)|}{d_{j,D}(z)}\right)^{-1}\le
c_n.$$
\end{proof}

\noindent{\bf Remarks.} (a) In \cite{Che,McN2}, the numbers
$d_{j,D}(z)$ are replaced by other numbers $\tilde d_{j,D}(z)$ in
the finite type convex case. Note that $\tilde
d_{1,D}(z)=d_{1,D}(z)$ and $\tilde d_{j,D}(z)\ge \tilde
d_{j+1,D}(z),$ $2\le j\le n-1$ (in contrast to $d_{j,D}(z)\le
d_{j+1,D}(z)$). The inductive definition of $\tilde d_{j,D}(z)$ is
similar to that of $d_{j,D}(z)$ but in any step $j\ge 2$ the
number $d_{j,D}(z)$ is the radius of the largest (not the
smallest!) disc in the respective $(n-j+1)$-dimensional set.
However, one can show the the respective supporting hyperplanes
$\tilde W_j$ have the same equations as $W_j$ when $z$ is near
$\partial D.$ Then the above approach allows us to get the same
estimates as in Theorem \ref{9} and Proposition \ref{10} in terms
of these numbers and the respective coordinates. In particular, it
leads to (\ref{19}) also for the $\tilde d_{j,D}$-situation.

(b) Assume that a domain $D\subset\Bbb C^n$ is smooth and weakly
linearly convex near a boundary point $a$ of finite type $m.$ Then
$\tilde d_{j,D}(z)\le (d_D(z))^{1/m}$ for $j=1,\dots,n$ (see
\cite{Blu}). Since $a$ is a local peak point for $D$ at $a,$ it
follows that there is a neighborhood $U$ of $a$ and a constant
$c>0$ such that
$$\kappa_D(z;X)\ge\frac{c||X||}{(d_D(z))^{1/m}},\quad z\in D\cap U;$$
the same estimate holds for $B_D$ if $D$ is pseudoconvex (not
necessary bounded - use e.g. localization results in \cite{Nik2}).

(c) Finally, note that there is a number $c_n>1$ depending only on
$n$ such that
$$c_n^{-1}\le \frac{d_{j,D}(z)}{\tilde d_{n-j,D}(z)}\le c_n,\quad z\in D,j=1,\dots,n,$$
for any $z$ near the boundary of any smooth convex domain
$D\subset\Bbb C^n$ containing no complex lines \footnote{It will be
interesting to have a pure geometric proof of this inequality and
for (\ref{19}) with best possible constants.} (see also
\cite{Hef2}).

In fact, a more general statement is true. Let $\{p_1,\dots,p_n\}$
and $\{q_1,\dots,q_n\}$ be orthonormal bases in $\Bbb C^n.$ Let
$a_1,\dots,a_n$ and $b_1\dots,b_n$ be increasing sequences of
positive numbers. Assume that there is $c>1$ such that
$$c^{-1}\le\frac{\sum_{j=1}^na_j|\langle
X,p_j\rangle|}{\sum_{j=1}^nb_j|\langle X,q_j\rangle|}\le
c\quad\text{ for any }X\in(\Bbb C^n)_\ast.$$ Then
$$c'^{-1}\le\frac{a_j}{b_j}\le c',\quad j=1,\dots,n,$$ where
$c'=n!c.$

For this, observe that expanding the determinant of the matrix of
the unitary transformation between the bases, it follows that
$$\prod_{j=1}^n|\langle p_j,q_{\sigma(j)}\rangle|\ge\frac{1}{n!}$$
for some permutation $\sigma$ of $\{1,\dots,n\}.$ In particular,
$|\langle p_j,q_{\sigma(j)}\rangle|\ge 1/n!.$ Then the given
condition implies that
$$c'^{-1}\le\frac{a_j}{b_{\sigma(j)}}\le c'.$$
Assume now that $a_k>c'b_k$ for some $k.$ Using the monotonicity
and the inequality $a_j\le c' b_{\sigma(j)},$ it follows that
$\sigma(j)>k$ for any $j\ge k.$ Since $\sigma$ is a permutation of
$\{1,\dots,n\},$ we get a contradiction.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Mission Innovation demonstrates impact of investments made since launch and raises ambition among members, business leaders and innovators around the world
Heads of Delegation gather at the 4th Mission Innovation Ministerial meeting
Vancouver, Canada, 29 May 2019 – Today, at the 4th Mission Innovation (MI) Ministerial meeting, MI members announced bold new projects and collaborations that will push clean energy research and innovation forward with the aim of bringing affordable, reliable clean energy to communities around the world.
Highlighting the spirit of collaboration that is promoted by MI, and the significant role public-private partnerships play, members spoke to exciting new projects and initiatives. Canada announced Breakthrough Energy Solutions Canada, a new initiative with Breakthrough Energy, which will support Canadian firms avoid the valley of death and commercialize their technologies to reach domestic and global markets with low carbon solutions. Additionally, the European Commission announced the launch of Breakthrough Energy Europe, a €100M fund that will help bring to market new clean energy technologies.
Launched at MI-3, MI's Avoided Emissions Framework showcased 100 solutions that have the potential to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions almost 3 billion tonnes of CO2 per year by 2030. A new goal of bringing 1000 solutions to MI-5 was also announced.
Since MI was launched at COP21 in Paris in 2015, members have been working to double public sector funding for clean energy innovation and have seen notable impact from the investments and international collaborations. Reporting MI members have increased their annual investments by $4.6B USD since 2015, of which 59 new collaborations focused on developing innovative clean energy solutions received $1.3B in public funding.
MI further expanded its network by welcoming Morocco as its newest member, along with the introduction of the MI Champions, a group of 19 researchers and innovators who represent some of the most promising innovations within the global clean energy sector. Additionally, MI signed collaborative agreements with the World Bank and the Global Covenant of Mayors.
"Canada was proud to have brought together innovators and investors, including women and youth, to share experiences and ideas for clean energy innovation. Together, we can turn local successes into global opportunities," said the Honorable Amarjeet Sohi, Canada's Minister of Natural Resources. "This event has also given members opportunity to share their accomplishments and to push for even higher goals moving forward."
Looking forward to MI-5, to be hosted by Chile, Ministers focussed their attention on efforts to raise ambition across both the public and the private sector. Opportunities for beyond 2020 were discussed, with an agreement to explore options for renewed commitments and continuing to build on momentum.
"Through engaging and motivating discussions, panels, breakouts, and keynote presentations, MI-4 contributed to building an effective, long-term global response to our shared climate challenge," said Susana Jiménez, Chile's Minister of Energy. "As we all head home with new perspectives and learnings, Chile looks forward to taking these discussions to the next level at COP25 this December, and to MI-5, next year."
Julie Anderson
00 (613) 447-8479
julie.anderson2@canada.ca
Summary from the Chair of the Fourth Mission Innovation Ministerial
MI "By the Numbers" infographic
MI Impact Review: The Story so Far
MI Champions announcement
MI Country Highlights report
MI-4 Ignite Talk
Canada partners with Breakthrough Energy to launch game-changing program to accelerate clean energy innovationsPushing MI forward: Insights from the outgoing Chair

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This breakfast sandwich is S-T-A-C-K-E-D. Full of Mediterranean flavors like feta, red peppers and cucumber. Good enough for dinner, too!
I'm a fan of starting my day with a bagel sandwich. Bagels used to be my thing pre-WW days and luckily, companies have hopped on the lower point/calorie bagel train and we're all invited to hop on!
You could use your favorite bagel here. I'm a fan of Western Bagel and tend to use theirs anytime I have a hankering for one. (Get 20% off your order when you use the code "themrskray"). But we're hear to talk about what goes in between that sliced bagel!
Can anyone tell me where they can get an Everything Bagel stuffed with a feta spread, avocado, cucumber and roast red pepper eggs for 8 smart points and less than 400 calories? Probably not. But I can tell you, you can get one right in your very own kitchen. DELICIOUS!
• In a small non stick skillet, pour the in the egg whites, season with salt and pepper.
• Before the eggs are set (think omelette) add diced roasted bell pepper.
• When the eggs are done, set aside.
• Toast bagel and spread the feta mixture on the top bagel half.
• Layer with avocado, eggs, and cucumber.


text:
Welcome to <i>The Digital Medievalist</i>
Authors: {'first_name': 'Daniel', 'last_name': "Paul O'Donnell"}
An introduction and welcome to the first issue of the Digital Medievalist.
Keywords: editorial, submission guidelines, electronic publishing, Digital Medievalist project, Digital Medievalist journal (DM)
DOI: http://doi.org/10.16995/dm.1
§ 1 Welcome to the first issue of the Digital Medievalist (DM). DM is an on-line, open access, peer-reviewed journal devoted to the use of digital tools and media in the study of medieval culture.
§ 2 The inaugural issue indicates the type of journal we hope to become. It is wide ranging and inter-generational. Our contributors include scholars at every stage of their academic careers, from graduate students to some of the pioneers in our discipline; their articles include project reports, tutorials, and discussions of how technology can be used to adapted to solve various research problems facing medievalists.[1] It is also, we hope, rigorous and well-written. All articles have been reviewed by one or more disciplinary specialists, and all have been revised (in some cases several times) in light of this expert commentary.
§ 3 In addition to being a scholarly journal, DM is part of the Digital Medievalist project, a community of practice dedicated to the development and dissemination of best practice in the use of technology in Medieval Studies. DM is the most formal part of this larger project: we expect it to become a forum for the publication of considered opinion, historically interesting approaches and projects, and technological solutions of lasting note. Other aspects of the project are designed to encourage more informal and current interaction: the project also sponsors an electronic mailing list, dm-l (http://www.digitalmedievalist.org/mailing.cfm) for day-to-day collaboration, a wiki (http://sql.uleth.ca/dmorgwiki/index.php/Main_Page) to encourage the communal development of best-practice standards, and a news server (http://www.digitalmedievalist.org/news.cfm) for publishing calls for papers, announcing new books, or releasing new information about tools and software. Over the next few months, we will be building a community reference site containing links to other projects and agencies and, in the longer term, a disciplinary bibliography.
§ 4 With the publication of this first issue, we would like to thank the many people and agencies who have helped us since the project's inception. Funding for the journal's publication has been provided by our publishers, the Curriculum Redevelopment Centre (CRDC) at the University of Lethbridge, the Dean of Arts and Science at the University of Lethbridge, and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council. The CRDC is also responsible for designing and coding the entire Digital Medievalist site (including this journal). We thank in particular the director, Trevor Woods, Jon Lane (Dynamic Web Development & Web Design), and intern Ondy Ma for their hard and patient work on this site.
§ 5 Finally, we would like to thank the scholars who helped put this first issue together: the members of the DM editorial board (Peter Baker, James Cummings, Martin Foys, Murray McGillivray, Daniel O'Donnell, Roberto Rosselli del Turco, and Elizabeth Solopova), the readers (named and unnamed) who helped us vet the initial submissions and suggest areas for refinement, and of course, the authors themselves. The inaugural issue took longer than we anticipated to put together; we appreciate the patience of all involved.
§ 6 For 2005 and 2006, DM will be published semi-annually: fall 2005 (late November), spring 2006 (late March), and fall 2006 (late November). The spring 2006 issue will feature articles from the summer 2005 conference season; the fall 2006 issue will focus on pioneering digital projects and the early history of humanities computing by medievalists. The fall 2005 issue has no set theme, but will contain a number of publications from the summer 2004 conference season. Confirmed contributors to these forthcoming issues include:
Peter Baker (University of Virginia) on digital standards
Patrick Conner (West Virginia University Press) on early digital applications
Matthew James Driscoll (University of Copenhagen) on new encoding guidelines for manuscript information
Roy Liuzza (University of Tennessee) on bibliographic standards and the new on-line Old English Newsletter
§ 7 DM welcomes high quality submissions at any time. A guide is available with information about submission procedures, deadlines, our review policy, and formatting requirements (submission guidlines). DM accepts submissions for review in a variety of electronic formats, including all major word processor formats, HTML, and TEI P4 XML.[2] Our goal is to offer a decision in two months and publication within three to nine. Deadlines for specific issues fall three months before publication: articles received before August 31st will be considered for publication in the fall (November) issue; articles received before December 31st will be considered for the spring (March) issue.
[1]. Beginning with the second issue (DM 1.2, fall 2005), we also will publish reviews of electronic publications, tools, and projects.
[2]. Authors considering submitting in TEI P4 are asked to contact the editors for an encoding guide.


When recording movies in the SHQ image quality mode, I am restricted to 20 seconds of recording time per movie. Why?
In SHQ mode, the SP-320 records movies with VGA resolution (640 x 480 pixels) and a frame rate of 30 frames per second. Recording this much data, this quickly, requires a large amount of camera memory and a very quick write time.
Olympus� Type M+ and Type H xD-Picture Card media are high-speed cards and are able to process this volume of information with no loss in quality. Other commercially available media, including Type M and Standard type xD-Picture Card media, are not able to do so. For this reason, this model limits movie recording in SHQ mode to 20 seconds when using media other than Type M+ or Type H cards. The 20-second restriction guarantees that the camera will be able to process the data properly and produce a smooth, error-free movie during playback.


Preheat the oven to 240°C/220°C fan-forced. Cut the sweet potato (unpeeled) into 2cm chunks. Slice the red onion into 3cm wedges. TIP: Cut the veggies to the correct size so they cook in the allocated time.
Divide the peeled & chopped pumpkin, sweet potato and red onion between two oven trays lined with baking paper. Drizzle with olive oil, 2/3 of the honey and a pinch of chilli flakes (if using). Season with a generous pinch of salt and pepper and toss to coat. Spread out in a single layer and roast on the top rack for 25-30 minutes, or until tender.
While the veggies are roasting, finely chop the garlic (or use a garlic press). In a large bowl, combine the garlic, pork loin steaks, a drizzle of olive oil, the remaining honey and a pinch of salt and pepper. Rub to coat the pork and set aside.
When the veggies have 15 minutes cook time remaining, heat a medium frying pan over a medium-high heat. Add the pepitas and toast, tossing, for 3-4 minutes or until golden. Transfer to a plate. Return the pan to a medium heat with a drizzle of olive oil. When the oil is hot, add the pork and cook for 3-4 minutes on each side (depending on thickness), or until browned and cooked through. Transfer to a plate to rest. TIP: Pork can be served slightly blushing pink in the centre.
Pick and finely chop the oregano leaves. In a large bowl, place the oregano and roasted veggies. Crumble in 1/2 the fetta, add the baby spinach leaves and vinegar and toss to combine. Season to taste with salt and pepper.
Slice the honey-garlic pork. Divide the pork & Italian roast veggies between plates. Sprinkle with the toasted pepitas and crumble the remaining fetta over the top.


text:
What Meta's Cicero and bots that code could mean for highly skilled workers
Article by Jacob Bourne | Nov 28, 2022
The data: Automation is in part to blame for worsening wage inequality in the US over the past 40 years, according to MIT research.
US men without high school degrees earned 15% less in 2016 than in 1980, accounting for inflation, despite the US GDP growing from $6.82 trillion in 1980 to $18.7 trillion in 2016, per New Atlas.
Rapid automation of routine tasks in industries is responsible for 50% to 70% of the increase in US wage disparities over the last four decades, the MIT economists concluded.
What it means for the elite workforce: Using AI, Big Data, robotics, cloud computing, and rising compute power to fulfill more workplace roles could chip away at tasks done by the most educated, highly skilled workers.
Three recent examples illustrate the threat:
Meta AI's Cicero program achieved more than double the average score of human opponents in the strategic board game Diplomacy using skills like natural language, negotiation, persuasion, and functional "empathy." AI's ability to outwit humans in a game of social strategizing, coupled with data analytics, could enable it to perform tasks currently fulfilled by business executives and government officials.
Google has demonstrated that it can use large language models (LLMs) to teach robots how to write their own code as part of its PaLM-SayCan research, which could endow them with complex reasoning, technical, and physical skills useful in a variety of industries.
And MIT researchers building self-assembling robots—alongside advances in end-of-arm tooling, sensors, and computer vision—could soon eliminate the need for human dexterity in advanced manufacturing.
Automation management is the future of work: The tight labor market is fueling the push for automation as corporations struggle to meet profit margin expectations amid growth headwinds.
The increasing prowess of AI and robotics makes the future of work a focal point.
This year's debut of generative AI that can create art, music, write, code, and more has debunked robotics industry leaders' refrain that automation will free humans to pursue creative work.
But a myriad of AI programs—like Meta's Galactica AI—that presented false and biased information as scientific fact gives a glimpse of people's role in the fourth industrial revolution.
Lacking human values, advanced AI-powered programs and machines will require human management and surveillance, much of which will likely take place in the cloud and could result in an influx of new jobs.
This oversight role may be challenged by AIs learning to cheat, as Oxford University and Australian National University researchers have warned. Meta's Cicero gives credence to the possibility.
This article originally appeared in Insider Intelligence'sConnectivity & Tech Briefing—a daily recap of top stories reshaping the technology industry. Subscribe to have more hard-hitting takeaways delivered to your inbox daily.
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text:
Clearing muddied waters
Some running concerns have been cleared up about water quality on the NSW Coffs Coast.
Coff's Coast waterways are suffering from a nitrogen double-whammy from fertilisers and recycled sewage.
High nitrogen levels entering downstream waterways can affect fragile ecosystems.
It is common for excess nutrients to trigger algae blooms and fish kills in enclosed waterways near intensive farming activity.
Guided by community concerns, a team from Southern Cross University performed novel water quality fingerprinting investigations in 11 coastal catchments experiencing rapid land-use change in the area.
Shane White, a PhD researcher at the University's National Marine Science Centre (NMSC), said the creeks in the upper catchment had been extremely efficient at filtering the water.
"These waterways remove nearly all the nitrogen during dry conditions, but lose this ability during rain events when large amounts of nitrogen in creeks can escape to the coast," he said.
The researchers found that intensive irrigation was having an increased effect on lower reaches of the catchment, so they are now working with stakeholders in the area to come up with a series of innovative solutions.
"We are working with farmers, industry and government to improve on-farm practices and provide a framework to protect the waterways from harm," Mr White said.
Get into the flow of helping Australia's universities as they work hard to improve the environment — sign the petition to #KeepItClever
Toad star state


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Two things make us the Empire Comfort Systems dealer of choice: our fast and free shipping, and our staff's wealth of knowledge about our products. If you have any questions about any of our products, simply contact us and we'll be sure to help you find the right heater for your home.


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Veritas girls varsity basketball team claims Tip-Off Title in Maryland
By JEN QARMOUT
Veritas girls basketball team in Maryland Veritas girls basketball team in Maryland Credits: Greg Gaffney
SPARTA, NJ - The Veritas Christian Academy girls' varsity basketball team has picked up right where they left off last season by claiming another tournament title. This time the Lady Lions won the Perry Hall Christian Tip-Off Tournament title this past weekend in Maryland.
The Lady Lions won four straight games on their way to the title. Veritas defeated Key School from Annapolis, MD 32-16 in the first round after racing out to a 16-2 first quarter score. In the second round, Veritas beat the Gladiators from Glen Arms (MD) 41-24. Veritas jumped out to a 16-1 first quarter lead and a 26-9 score at halftime. In the semi-finals, the Lady Lions beat Oakcrest School from Arlington, VA 44-12.
In the finals, Veritas played a strong Concordia Prep team from Towson, MD. Veritas jumped out to a 10-3 lead at the end of the first quarter with a suffocating defense and lead 19-11 at halftime. Veritas finished the game off with a 14-10 second half run to win the title by a 33-24 score. The Lady Lions stifling defense was the difference in the game, after holding opponents over the weekend to an average of 19 points per game.
Editor's Note: This advertorial content is being published by TAPinto.net as a service for its marketing partners. For more information about how to market your business on TAPinto, please email contact@tapinto.net


Turkey ratified the OPCAT in 2011 and in January 2014 the government decided to designate the recently established National Human Rights Institution of Turkey as National Preventive Mechanism by means of a cabinet decree published in the Official Gazette on 28 January 2014.
The SPT visited Turkey in October 2015. The visit report has not been made public yet.
The SPT member Malcolm Evans is the SPT Focal Point for Turkey.


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/ Community / Our Dominican Heritage / Our Saints and Blesseds / St. Albert the Great
Sister Mariam, O.P.
Sister Delia Grace, O.P.
Sister Susanna, O.P.
St. Albert the Great uniquely bridges the artificial gulf that some presume separates faith and reason. Although he lived in the thirteenth century near the foundation of the Order of Preachers, his remarkable sanctity and science are unmistakably relevant for our time.
Who is St. Albert? His family was of the nobility from the German province of Swabia. When Upon hearing the irresistible preaching of Bl. Jordan of Saxony as a university student, Albert entered the Order of Preachers. As a Dominican friar, he continued his scientific studies, eventually becoming well-respected for the breadth and depth of his knowledge. There is a beautiful legend about how young Albert, who had mastered the natural sciences, resolved to leave the Order when he could not comprehend abstract theology. As he was climbing a ladder one night in order to quietly slip over the monastery wall, the Blessed Mother appeared to him, gently chided him for not asking her help, and gave him the gift of intellect in all academic areas.
At a time when the typical medieval scientist regularly resorted to magical incantations, St. Albert's investigations were based on observation and analysis. His writings give some of the earliest evidence of the scientific method: the use of controls in experiments, verification of results by careful repetition, and conclusions drawn from sound hypotheses.
As others pursued the elixir of life or the manufacture of gold, St. Albert's efforts to understand creation were ordered toward a deeper knowledge of the Creator. Everything from astronomy to zoology fascinated St. Albert, and he was considered an authority on biology, physics, astronomy, geography, mineralogy, and chemistry. Especially noteworthy are his carefully detailed observations of flowers and animals. One of his works contains an eloquent argument for the fact that the earth is round. Perhaps St. Albert's view of nature can be summed up in words attributed to him: "The whole world is theology for us, because the heavens proclaim the glory of God."
Called "The Universal Genius," St. Albert wrote on matters that extended beyond the natural sciences to philosophy and theology. Being true to the Dominican charism of teaching as a form of preaching, St. Albert was a teacher eager to share the pursuit of knowledge with his students. Much to his delight, St. Thomas Aquinas, his most brilliant pupil, became his colleague and even surpassed him in some areas of study. Together they more accurately translated and properly applied the writings of Aristotle to Christian doctrine. Such work took great courage, as there was strong opposition to the use of what were considered pagan principles to explain the sacred. Nevertheless, the approach was the beginning of scholastic systematic theology.
Following in St. Albert's footsteps, Dominicans today also strive to comprehend the wonders of the created world and the truths of the faith, in order to grasp more fully the goodness, beauty, and truth of God. They challenge those who mistakenly attempt to separate faith and reason. Indeed, faith and reason are kneaded together to form one united path to God.
Feast: November 15


After a fatal fire in McKeesport, Pennsylvania, Pittsburg CBS affiliate KDKA reports on why shutting your bedroom door while you sleep may help save your life.
"One breath is all it takes and it will kill you," says Beaver Falls Fire Chief Mark Stowe.
Stowe and his department, along the with Chippewa Fire Department, helped KDKA burn down a house to demonstrate the one thing you should always do before you go to bed at night.
Shutting your bedroom door can be a life-saver in a fire.
"That bedroom door can keep out the smoke and flames for up to 20 minutes," says Stowe.
In a house in Chippewa, we started a fire in the living room near the couch. Right next to the living room, there was a bedroom. We kept that bedroom door closed. Down the hall, we had another bedroom with the door open.
Within three minutes, the entire house was burning, the rooms were filled with smoke, walls and furniture were charred — except in the bedroom with the door closed.
In that room, the air was clean, and there was no sign of smoke.
"This room was very survivable," says Stowe.
The bedroom with the door open was black with smoke damage.
"You would never survive this room," says Stowe.
Of course, having a working smoke alarm on every floor in your house and in every bedroom is crucial to surviving a fire, but closing your bedroom door can save your life.
Fire statistics are staggering in the n the United States.
A house fire is reported every 65 seconds.
Someone dies in a house fire every 2 hours and 42 minutes.
Most fatal fires happen in the middle of the night while you're sleeping.
It's not the flames that kill you, it's the toxic smoke.
Also visit closeyourdoor.org; an initive bu UL reminding us to Close our Doors at Night (Windows Too)!


Almost a quarter of a century, when a mobile phone was one of the biggest luxury, a veteran director recalls how Mammootty's mobile phone created a flutter on his set.
Speaking to IANS, ace director Thulasidas said it happened almost 25 years back when he was shooting his "Aayiram Naavulla Ananthan" with a heavy star cast including Mammootty, Murali, Gauthami, Madhavi and Devan.
"It all began, when Mammootty arrived on my set carrying a 'big' mobile handset and if I remember correctly, it was a Motorola handset. Then it was something of a novelty and very very few people had one in our state.
"Soon, the mobile was one of the most talked about thing on the set," said Thulasidas.
"After a few days, Gauthami, came with one; soon Madhavi was spotted having one and then came Devan with his new mobile. Murali, however, did not have one," said Thulasidas, who has directed 31 films, most of which were hits at the box office.
"On a few occasions, as the camera started to roll, a mobile would ring, the actor would then stop the shoot and go off to answer the call. Murali, however was not at all pleased with all this and then soon he called me and said, if it happened again, he would go away.
"I had a tough time convincing him, but soon things were sorted out and the shoot continued," said Thulasidas.
The film was released in 1996 and it became a runaway hit.


On 20 February a brightly colored mass could be seen floating above the city-state of Singapore. One resident just happened to spot it as they were out on the street and immediately began to record the event.
Many also identified this as a case of "rainbow fire" which is not an emo band but a term for the optical phenomenon called a circumhorizontal arc. This occurs when sunlight hits large crystals of ice suspended in the air at just the right angle to create a rainbow-like band of colors.
However, judging from the video it looks more like cloud iridescence. This is very similar to rainbow fire in that ice crystals are scattering light, but in this case the crystals are smaller. The effect is more like the array of colors you might see on a soap bubble rather than the prismatic bands of colors a rainbow has.
Whatever it is, it sure is purdy and thanks to the advent of social networks and mobile phone cameras, we can all enjoy this and other spectacles of nature. In fact, I'm so moved by this image, I'm not even going to complain that the person didn't turn their phone sideways.


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traditions of the nation. Ignoring these gifts goes against spiritual teachings.
Many Native artists, such as Navajo Rhett Lynch, are sharing their gifts in fantastic creations. Rhett says he draws inspiration from his personal life and experiences, and heritage and from the perpetual desire to discover.
paintings in oil and acrylic.
He has focused on a broad range of subject matter from the human form to animals, landscapes, icons, and legends. Regardless of the medium, his work always contains an unmistakable intensity of colors.
To view one of Rhett's paintings, such as the mixed media Horse Medicine, is to be drawn into a world of ever-deepening color and mystical multi meaning. There is no way to avoid the mysterious power of this work, which measures 30 x 36. It elicits a moving of one's spirit, disturbing yet simultaneously invigorating. I have chosen the painting to grace the cover of the spoken word/music CD Confessions of a Red Woman I am now working on.
In a sense, Rhett's most recent creations are the personification of one of my favorite quotes which states that "spirituality is paying attention." In January of 1998, he was diagnosed with toxic poisoning. He spent several months in bed trying to undo damage his lifestyle had wrought upon him.
He began to contemplate mortality and his sleep filled with dreams like he had never before experienced. An entire dream would consist of "a formless atmosphere of one color." The next dream would be a different color. He relates that his favorites were the blue and red dreams. Rhett knew he was beginning to heal.
Upon recovering, Rhett returned to his studio and his creativity took a different path as he began working on his Dreamland Paintings series. He discovered that he was bringing his color-filled dreams to manifestation on canvas and the deep, powerful colors that "resonate like music" looked very much like Navajo weavings.
The sickness, dreams and manifestations of these dreams brought Rhett to the realization the poison that had filled his body was a metaphor of something much bigger than himself. "We are blind. We are asleep. We are killing the land, the sky, the animals, ourselves. We are spiraling."
saying to us, regardless whether it be through illness, dreams, or creative outbursts. Healing comes from interconnectedness but only if we do our part by honoring our paths and respecting our gifts.
presents itself in many forms, event that of a tiny hummingbird. Our responsibility is to be willing to listen.


In our current environment of almost limitless amounts of both amusements and serious pursuits, some social critics say we are ruining ourselves by choosing an excess of frivolity and illusions.
If true, then perhaps we are not in an ideal personal milieu in which to realize our personal development potential.
And yet, this debate about such choices and their consequences has been going on for many centuries.
If we are able to bring both ruin and prosperity upon ourselves, then how should we proceed?
Or, paradoxically, we must and can deal with what the universe delivers to us, because the events are not within a sphere we can control; but it is much harder to cope with or recover from a path of self-destruction that we willingly choose to embark on.
More concisely, realizing what we can and cannot control and making good choices.


New Music Alert: Ne-Yo ft Sonna Rele "Every Day With Love" | Listen Up Ent.
Ne-Yo is back with a new record called Every Day With Love featuring Motown artist Sonna Rele in a new McDonald's imLovinIt24 campaign.
This entry was posted in Blog Flow, Music and tagged Entertainment, Listen Up, listen up ent, mcdonalds imlovinit24 campaign, Music, neyo ever day with love by karizmakysh. Bookmark the permalink.


Besties are chunky grip markers in cute, collectable character shapes- ideal for young children learning to draw. Chunky grip barrels are easy for little hands to use and each marker contains non-toxic washable ink, making them perfect for young users.
Markers contain large safety caps and no end caps as well as sturdy tips that can withstand rough treatment. So not only are they super fun, but they're safe too!
In each pack of Besties you'll find a card with stickers on it. Stick one of the character stickers onto the bottom of your Bestie and the other onto your Collectors' Cards, which can be found below.


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Aisin Seiki
Vehicle Parts Manufacturer
Topic Navigation
Wikipedia: Aisin Seiki
Headquarters: Kariya, Aichi, Japan
A Japanese auto parts manufacturer founded in 1949 as Tokai Aircraft Company.
The following section is an excerpt from Wikipedia's Aisin Seiki page on 3 October 2017, text available via the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
Aisin Seiki Co., Ltd. (アイシン精機株式会社 Aishin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha), also known as Aisin, is a Japanese corporation which develops and produces components and systems for the automotive industry. Aisin is a Fortune Global 500 company, ranked 442 on the 2015 rankings.
Aisin Seiki was founded in 1949 and currently supplies engine, drivetrain, body and chassis, aftermarket, and other main automotive parts for various major OEMs. In addition to partaking in the automotive markets, Aisin also offers life and amenity products (e.g. furniture and sewing machines), energy systems, welfare products, and other products/services.
Aisin is 30% owned by the Toyota Group of companies.
Aisin AW
Aisin AW is a major automotive technology manufacturer. Established in 1969, it developed the Prius transmission and the world's first speaking navigation system.
Additionally, the two-axis Aisin AW hybrid design has been adapted to the 2016– Prius (excepting the Prius c), and has also been employed on "Gen 1" (2005-2007) and "Gen 2" (2008-2012) Ford Escape Hybrids (Aisin T-030 and T-031 eCVTs, respectively), both FWD and AWD models, with Ford providing the Atkinson Cycle engine, hybrid battery, and all software control systems, and with Ford developing the AWD functionality; and on 2017– Chrysler Pacifica Hybrid minivans (Aisin T-032 eCVT). The two-axis design eliminates the second planetary gearset ("motor speed reduction device") found in the 2010–2015 Prius and the Prius c, and which reduces the width and weight of the eCVT and improves its overall efficiency.
It is based in Anjō, near Nagoya, Japan. Another major division is located in Okazaki.
Other global locations: Headquarters for Europe : AW Europe & AW Technical Center Europe which is located in Braine l'Alleud (Belgium) for Research and Development and in Baudour (Belgium) for the re-manufacturing of automatic transmissions/transaxles and production of electronic products.
Aisin AI
Aisin AI is an independent company under Aisin Seiki. It was spun off in July 1991, moving its headquarters to Nishio City. Aisin AI supplied only Toyota through 1996, when DaimlerChrysler and Isuzu began using their products. The company later added Mazda, Nissan, Mitsubishi Motors, General Motors, Daihatsu, Hino Motors, Fiat Automobiles, Volvo, Jeep, Porsche, and Luxgen.
Aisin USA
Aisin constructed a factory in the United States of America in 1986, with production beginning in 1989. This factory, in Seymour, Indiana has since been expanded and supplies components for Honda, General Motors, Mitsubishi Motors, Nissan and Toyota. The company also operates in Marion, Illinois.
On October 5, 2005, Aisin USA opened an 878-acre (3.55 km2) testing facility near Fowlerville, Michigan. Officially named FT Techno of America (FTTA), but known as Aisin's Fowlerville Proving Ground, the new venture is a member of the Aisin Group, a Tier One worldwide automotive components supplier with global sales of more than US$15 billion in 2004. In Michigan, Aisin Group companies employ 554 associates, with annual payroll of US$40 million and total investments of US$102.7 million. FTTA is Aisin's fifth group company in Michigan.
The new proving ground, Aisin's first in North America, and third worldwide, is research and development based supporting test surfaces of various lengths and lane widths used to develop and evaluate a variety of Aisin products and applications, such as transmissions, brakes, drivetrains, and chassis and body systems and components.
Document Name & Details
3 July 2012 Hybrid Vehicle, Method of Controlling Hybrid Vehicle, Program for Causing Computer to Execute the Method of Controlling Hybrid Vehicle, and Computer Readable Storage Medium Having the Program Stored Therein
United States Patent US 8,210,293 B2
Wanleng Ang and Toshiaki Niwa for Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha and Aisin AW Co., Ltd.
PDF - 1.7MB - 20 pages
3 July 2012 Valve Opening/Closing Timing Control Apparatus
Shigemitsu Suzuki, Naoto Toma, Yoji Kanada, and Hiroki Mukaide for Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha
6 August 2013 Adhesive Composition
United States Patent US 8,501,836
Hiroshi Tamura and Takaaki Nagano for Aisin Kako Kabushiki Kaisha
PDF - 699KB - 8 pages
Author/Source
18 November 2004 Research and Markets - Future Prospects for leading Automotive Manufacturing Group Aisin Seiki Analysed Research and Markets


Links from across the aid and development field.
The Davos summit is taking place this week. At the Center for Global Development, Michael Clemens and Kate Gough argue that human mobility and migration solutions should be a central topic of discussion.
Egypt and Ethiopia are fighting over the Nile. Damming the Blue Nile tributary could save many Ethiopians from poverty, but cause significant negative effects downsream for Egypt.
An interesting piece by Owen Barder and Euan Ritchie on the benefits of treating refugees as an investment, rather than a cost.
According the head of operations for the UN International Organization for Migration (IOM), in the Democratic Republic of Congo the humanitarian situation is critical and the IOM lacks funding to fight this crisis.
At Devpolicy, Stephen Howes discusses the new Labor for Aid campaign, which seeks to write a positive aid policy into the Australian Labor Party's national platform.
The World Bank's Ayhan Kose predicts that in 2018, for the first time since 2008, global output will come close to hitting full capacity, putting pressure on central banks to normalise monetary policy. This would have a significant impact on developing countries which have benefited from almost a decade of easing policies.
Increasing teaching salaries is seen as a key component of improving student results. However, David Evans's comments on the new paper 'Double for Nothing? Experimental Evidence on an Unconditional Teacher Salary Increase in Indonesia' cast doubt on this conventional wisdom.
Miren Gutierrez argues for using big data analysis to fight illegal fisheries.
Last week US President Donald Trump decided to cut US contributions to the UN Relief and Works Agency. The decision was largely criticised around the world, including in Australia.
This month's election in Bavaria is yet another sign of Europe in disarray.


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Не следует путать данную медаль с другими медалями Российской империи: «За спасение сограждан», «За спасение погибавших», «За спасение человечества», «За спасение утопавших», «За спасение», «За спасение погибавших на море».

Медаль «За спасение ближних на море» — государственная награда Российской империи.

Основные сведения
Медаль «За спасение ближних на море» была учреждена Александром I 11 ноября 1819 года. Об учреждении известно на основании журнала Комитета министров. Предназначена медаль была для награждения лиц, проявивших себя в спасении людей при происшествиях и катастрофах на море. Данной медалью был награждён только один человек — некто Белоусов, таганрогский мещанин.

Описание медали
Медаль была сделана из золота. Диаметр 50 мм. На лицевой стороне медали изображён портрет Александра I без каких-либо императорских атрибутов, обращённый вправо. Вдоль края медали по окружности надпись «». На оборотной стороне медали горизонтальная надпись в пять строк: «», под надписью небольшой горизонтальный ромб.
Медаль была отчеканена на Санкт-Петербургском монетном дворе в январе 1820 года.

Порядок ношения
Медаль имела ушко для крепления к ленте. Носить медаль следовало на шее. Лента медали — Владимирская.

Изображения медали

Примечания

Литература

Ссылки

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Whiting Was Not Spared in Flu Epidemic of 1918
The world had never experienced anything like it. And, yet, it seemed to sneak up on us. Maybe we were distracted. Our attention at the time was focused on the fighting in World War One. Maybe we shrugged it off when we first heard that the flu was going around. After all, people always get the flu, get over it, and move on. But the flu virus that rapidly spread around the world in late 1918 was unlike any other strain of the virus. There were over nine million combat deaths in World War One and nearly 16 million died in combat in World War Two. Those totals, combined, don't come close to the estimated 100 million who died from the flu in 1918. It was a pandemic, which is a worldwide epidemic. Whiting was not spared.
Sixteen soldiers from Whiting died in World War One. But enemy bullets, bombs and poisonous gas attacks were not as deadly as the flu virus. Of the sixteen Whiting soldiers who died during the war, six lost their lives because of the flu. Meanwhile, back home, the death toll was even worse. In just the last three months of 1918, at least 45 Whiting-Robertsdale residents died from what was popularly called Spanish influenza.
The numbers are not precise. Our numbers come from an examination of death certificates from the last months of 1918. There was no requirement at that time for doctors to report cases of the flu, and many doctors did not know what they were looking at and may have attributed a flu death to some other cause.
Reporters for the Lake County Times, the area's primary source of news in 1918, didn't discover that there was a health crisis in the area until September 24. "Hammond has been hit hard by the so-called Spanish influenza," it reported on that date, "though doctors say they see no difference between it and the old-fashioned grippe." The article says that although it is highly contagious and whole families are down with it, "no fatalities have so far been reported."
Less than a week later, on September 29, Whiting may have had its first fatality. The death certificate for three-year-old Rafael Milwicz of Schrage Avenue said he died of pneumonia. It may have been just pneumonia which killed the boy, but over the next few weeks Whiting's doctors began to notice that some of the pneumonia cases they were looking at were actually brought on by the Spanish flu.
It is estimated that about twenty percent of the people who came down with this strain of influenza had a mild case of it and recovered without incident. That's according to Gina Kolata who wrote the book, Flu: The Story of the Great Influenza Pandemic of 1918. The rest, she wrote, "had one of two terrifying illnesses. Some almost immediately became deathly ill, unable to get enough oxygen because their lungs had filled with fluid. They died in days, or even hours, delirious with a high fever, gasping for breath." In others, she wrote, the illness looked like ordinary flu, including chills, fever and muscle aches, but by the fourth or fifth day "bacteria would swarm into their injured lungs and they would develop pneumonia that would either kill them or lead to a long period of convalescence."
21-year-old Theodore Schaefer of Sheridan Avenue was one of Whiting's first fatalities in the influenza epidemic. He was serving in the Navy at the time.
On September 30, Whiting had another fatality. Theodore Schaefer of Sheridan Avenue died from the flu. He was a member of the Knights of Columbus, a parishioner at Sacred Heart, and worked at the Standard Oil Refinery. At the time of his death, however, he was stationed at the Great Lakes Naval Training Center just north of Chicago, where he went after volunteering to serve in the Navy in World War One. He was just a few weeks short of his twenty-first birthday.
That was another peculiarity of the Spanish flu: It tended to kill the young; those who seemed to be the healthiest and least vulnerable. Of the Whiting residents who died, including the soldiers, their median age was 24 years old.
By the end of September, most healthcare workers knew a potential crisis was at hand. The Red Cross mobilized in Northwest Indiana and spread advice on how to avoid the flu: Stay at home, avoid crowds, drink lots of water, wash out the nose and throat three times daily with a nasal spray or douche, and gargle with a salt solution. Still, it spread. 34-year-old Mary Ellen Hannon of Pearl Street died from the flu on October 1.
Julian Truth was a Whiting barber before joining the Army to help in the war effort. He died from influenza while home on leave to visit family.
Living together in close quarters, soldiers seemed particularly vulnerable. On October 5, word arrived in Whiting that James Dillion died. He was a 24-year-old who had captained the Whiting Owls basketball team. Dillon joined the military and was on his way to Waco, Texas when he fell ill and had to be taken off the train and carried to a hospital. October 5 was the same day that Julian Truth, a 24-year-old soldier from Whiting, died. He was on furlough when he died at the home of his cousin on Fischrupp Avenue. He was barber in Whiting before joining the war effort.
A day later Sophia Wenger, 24, died at her home on Davidson Place. She was at work at the office of real estate developer Henry Davidson on a Friday night when she felt ill. She was very ill on Saturday, but at 10 A.M. on Sunday her mother said she was sleeping peacefully. Fifteen minutes later she died.
All across the state, the nation, and the world, health authorities knew they needed to take more stringent steps to stop the spread of the virus. Public places were shut down. In Whiting, the schools, churches, theaters and libraries were ordered to close. In Hammond, it was estimated that over one thousand people now had the flu. On October 9, Arthur Utesch, 23, of Myrtle Avenue became the next fatality. Only a month earlier, his parents, August and Augusta Utesch, lost a 20-year old daughter to leukemia.
On October 11, the State Board of Health met in an emergency session in Indianapolis and put a ban on all public gatherings across the state for at least until October 20. It came too late for 36-year-old John Bodnar, a stillman at Standard Oil who lived on Indianapolis Boulevard, and for 17-year-old Rose Sherman of Euclid Avenue. Both died on October 10. The entire Sherman family was stricken, but only Rose, their oldest daughter, died.
The newspaper's daily columns about "Whiting and its People," and about residents of Robertsdale, were filled with news about people either ill or dying from the virus. There was also a disturbing report about the shortage of doctors in the area. Doctors were overtaxed by the epidemic, and there were no nurses to be had. That report came the same day that 36-year-old Joe Badina of Indianapolis Boulevard and 27-year-old Anna White of Pearl Street died. Her two-year-old daughter was also ill with influenza, as was her husband, and Anna's sister had died from influenza in Chicago a week earlier.
Irtell Williams of Whiting left behind a family which included a wife and three sons when he died from influenza. He was in the military at the time. His commander wrote to his family saying Irtell had an excellent service record, and "gained the friendship and goodwill of all his companions."
One day later, October 13, Whiting suffered its most deadly day during the epidemic. Five of its residents died, including three soldiers: William Opperman, George Chigas, and Irtell Williams. Chigas, 21 years old and born in Russia, was seriously injured in combat in July. While in the hospital he succumbed to pneumonia and influenza. The 28-year-old Williams was father to three boys and caught the virus while on duty at Aberdeen Proving Grounds, Maryland. That same day, 23-year-old Susie Sish of Schrage Avenue, and 24-year-old Mary Vavrek of Short Street, died in Whiting.
"Epidemic Rages on All Sides," the Lake County Times headline read on October 15. Whiting had 450 cases of flu, Hammond had 1,281 according to physician R.P. Hale of East Chicago, the county health officer. Across Lake County, 219 people were dead from the flu in just over two weeks. Whiting's death rate was low compared to the rest of the county, but the numbers continued to grow. On October 14 it was one-year-old Harriett Brahos of Indianapolis Boulevard, and 17-year-old Margaret Theobold of 119th Street, a school girl. The next day, 2-year-old Helen Jasvos of Front Street died, as did 35-year-old Frank Matlon of West Fred Street. Active in the Slovak community, Matlon left behind a wife and six children.
The state put out a call for volunteer physicians and nurses to be assigned to anywhere in the state where assistance was needed to treat victims, but Hale immediately said that Lake County could not help. It did not have enough medical workers to handle its own cases and could spare not a single doctor or nurse. The next day, 59-year-old Barbara Biscan died. A native of Croatia, she was a widow who lived on Schrage Avenue. Her husband was killed by a train two years earlier.
Warm and sunny weather moved in. That, along with a slight decrease in the number of new cases reported, led Dr. Hale to feel optimistic that the epidemic was reaching its peak in Lake County. That wasn't true in Whiting. In fact, October 18, which was two days after Dr. Hale voiced some optimism, marked the start of the deadliest eight days of the epidemic. On the 18th, 23-year-old Mike Kovach died. He lived with the John Urban family on Schrage Avenue. On October 19, three-month-old Joe Lukacs of Davidson Place died. On the same day death claimed 49-year-old Tom Brazina of 119th Street. He left a wife and six children.
A large number of Whiting women responded to pleas for help by joining the efforts of the Red Cross to combat the deadly influenza in Whiting and Robertsdale.
By October 20, the nationwide crisis was severely hurting the military. Defense officials said Indiana needed to step up the enrollment of student nurses in the military. But the Red Cross had already put out multiple pleas for more nursing help. The nurses who were already helping were being "worked to a state of collapse." Three doctors from East Chicago were scheduled to leave for the military, but the city's Chamber of Commerce issued a plea that their departures be delayed. Whiting, which had been vigorously recruiting soldiers for the war effort, cancelled its plans to draft more men into service due to the influenza epidemic. On that same day, 31-year old Mike Katish of Steiber Street died from influenza.
Over the next two days, seven more people from Whiting died. "The epidemic there," the Lake County Times stated, "seems to be on the increase rather than wane." On October 21, it was 29-year-old Stephena Stahulak of Center Street; 4-month-old Veronica Szatny of Schrage Avenue; and 22-year-old Cecilia Cependra of Center Street. On October 22, it was 25-year-old Frank Gajsak of Schrage Avenue; 5-year-old Stella Wojciechowski of Indianapolis Boulevard; 39-year old Joe Jakovs of Center Street; and 23-year-old John Skrabala of White Oak Avenue.
Skrabala was a cashier at the Bank of Whiting, which was hit hard by the virus. Three other employees were severely ill, including William Schrage and Whiting's mayor, Walter E. Schrage. Funeral homes were also hard hit, not by the virus but by the huge increase in business. There was also a concern that funerals were helping to spread the epidemic. Dr. Hale, the county health physician, ordered that church funerals be limited to only family members. Even though he was a young, well-known man, only family was present at St. John's Church in Whiting for Skrabala's funeral.
By October 21, the Whiting Red Cross was feeling some relief. The women of Whiting were volunteering in high numbers to help the Red Cross fight the epidemic. But people still died. On October 23, Theressa Bakos, 36, of 119th Street died. Three more died on October 24: John Klohim, 2, of Center Street; Anna Mikula, 26, just a few doors away on Center Street; and Anna Babincak, 27, of Fred Street. Babincak died from the loss of blood during a miscarriage, but influenza was a contributing factor for her death. On October 25, the newspaper reported three more Whiting deaths: Joe Zakovich, a Mrs. Bakush of 119th Street; and Joseph Yatz, 18 months old, of Schrage Avenue.
An ad that appeared in the Lake County Times in 1918 warned readers about the dangers of spreading influenza. In fact, more Whiting residents died of influenza in the last three months of 1918, than died in combat in World War One.
Eight straight days saw the deaths of eighteen Whiting residents. County health physician Dr. Hale was still concerned about the spread of the disease. He ordered an extension of his order to close all places of public gathering. Specifically, that included churches, schools, lodges, clubs, social organizations, public meetings, and athletic events, and all funerals were limited to just family members in attendance.
There was also a ban on spitting. Whiting City Clerk Mike Kocazik had to appear in court at the end of the month. A conductor said that Kocazik was spitting while riding on the platform of a street car. The Board of Health, the conductor said, ordered conductors to clamp down on "the disgusting act of spitting on street cars." Kocazik's attorney, however, said there was no law against spitting, and the judge agreed. "We will make no more arrests," a street car company official said in response to the verdict. "People can spit on the cars all they want to. What's the use of trying to carry out orders?"
But after October 25, there was a sudden change. No one died from influenza for five days, until the October 30 death of George Hovran, 28, of 121st Street, a boilermaker who had moved to Whiting just two weeks earlier to work at Standard Oil. Three more days passed without any deaths, but on November 2, three more died, including three-month old Violet Gary of Front Street. The other two were children of Polish immigrants Albert and Agnes Bajer of White Oak Avenue: 14-year-old Helen Bajer, and her younger sister Irina, who was only 20 months old.
Their deaths marked the end of a horrific seven weeks in Whiting. More would die, but they became fewer and further between. November 8: John Henrikson, 70, New York Avenue and 127th Street; November 13: Pauline Nemicik, 42, Front Street; November 24: Goldie Sternberg, 40, 119th Street; November 26: Benjamin May, 35, Fischrupp Avenue; December 1: Helen Kleiber, 21, 119th Street; December 6: Albert Kastenbenich, 4 months, Schrage Avenue; December 20: Josephine Gasinski, 13 days old, 131st Street; December 30: Frank Masbi, 3 months, Schrage Avenue; January 14, 1919: Norman Rabe, 24, Fischrupp Avenue. Rabe was a soldier who died in Germany. Helen Kleiber was the sister of Walter Kleiber, a soldier from Whiting who was killed in action in July.
By the start of November, the spread of influenza had slowed down significantly, not just in Whiting, but across the globe. Just as it had arrived quickly and with little notice, it vanished quickly. To this day, medical experts do not fully understand what caused this pandemic and why it suddenly stopped. On November 2, the ban on public gatherings was lifted. It is believed that 7,000 people in Lake County had the Spanish flu in late 1918, and that between 500 and 600 died. St. Margaret Hospital records show that 69 people died there. In one day, twelve people died at the hospital, and three died in the same bed in a twelve-hour period. One hundred ninety-five people died in Hammond in October 1918, compared to ninety-three births in the city. So many died in the flu epidemic "that the average life span in the United States fell by 12 years in 1918," according to Gina Kolata's book from 1999. "If such a plague came today, killing a similar fraction of the U.S population, 1.5 million Americans would die, which is more than the number felled in a single year by heart disease, cancers, strokes, chronic pulmonary disease, AIDS, and Alzheimer's disease combined."


Ludo Claessen. WHITE TAIL is just a beauty. I bred from him late into the year so he is not finished the wing moult. The Ludo family is excellent at the 300 mile young bird races.
AU-10-STP-9187 Ludo Claessens KATRINA Direct daughter of super Ludo couple GRIZZLY & MISS KATOOG. Siblings bred 1st & 4th Ace YB All Minnesota 2010 and 3rd Ace YB TC Concourse 2011.


The EU investigation into F2P games is about marketing, not principles. It is to be welcomed, but the risk is that politicians will take kneejerk actions which are not in the interests of consumers or businesses.
Five years ago, I wrote a blog post about why I had been tempted to discriminate against women. Much has changed since then, but much hasn't. I thought I would reopen the debate.
It's time to kill the tutorial. They have no place in the age of free-to-play. The First Time User Experience needs to convince me, body and soul, that it will be worth spending time with your game. You get one chance.
Many games studios and professionals struggle with the transition from AAA development to making F2P games. The Pyramid of F2P Games: core loop, retention game and superfan game provides a framework for F2P game design.
Microsoft bets that content will attract users; Sony bets that users will attract content. Who will win?
The Xbox One misses the mark because it is the culmination of a strategy formulated in the 1990s. It is a weapon to win the battle of the living room, when the real battle is for the personal screen.
Apple recently settled a class action lawsuit in the US alleging that minors had racked up huge bills without the knowledge of their parents. The consequences of the settlement will be great for the industry. Here is why.
There is a battle royal brewing over the best way to market your indie game. Should you choose buzz marketing, metrics marketing or permission marketing? Nicholas Lovell of GAMESbrief makes his recommendations.
Earlier this month, I wrote a post on why recent pronouncements from Nintendo and Sony show they don�t even understand the threat they face. This post is an attempt to look at Sony's online strategy and make a case for the defence.
Recent pronouncements from Nintendo and Sony show that they misunderstand the threat they face. Like the music industry before them, their refusal to see what is really happening will cost them dearly.


JOSEPH C PIRAINO is an active operating under USDOT Number 1768390.
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Blaq Lghtn Strikes..Again and Again (and Again): Trumpet in Toronto!
I'm going to be playing in Toronto early next month. I'm raising money on Kickstarter to pay for the plane ticket and transportation. Why? Two reasons. One, I'm getting door money for the gig. Two, I'm planning to play in Mexico City in the fall, and if this fundraising attempt is successful it will help with that trip. So..click on the link below!


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Home / Historical Fiction / Along Came a Soldier
Along Came a Soldier
In early nineteenth century Cornwall, two young people find themselves in love. Charity Perrow and Jethro Ennor could be the protagonists of any historical romance were it not for one thing: Jethro's father is suspected of having killed Charity's mother years ago. Despite this, Charity still finds herself drawn to the young man she meets in the forest, even after she learns his name. It would be easy to turn this story into a standard rehash of Romeo and Juliet, but Brenda Davies goes a step further by including a killer lurking in the background. Even as Charity and Jethro find themselves drawn closer together, someone is out in the nearby woods, killing villagers one by one. Together with the town bonesetter, Charity and Jethro must unmask the killer before it is too late.
On the whole, the book was fascinating. It struck an excellent balance between romance and suspense, and the central trio of Charity, Jethro, and Henry were very well portrayed. Charity has an excellent combination of sweetness and fierceness. Jethro, our tortured hero, has a shadowy backstory that is spun out with precision. Henry is a mysterious young man who toes a fine line between terrifying and sympathetic. The secondary characters all had their own defining characteristics, though they didn't have quite as much depth. I thought some of them could have benefited from a little more subtlety in their characterization, but not one was forgettable.
The plot is likewise a mixed bag. While I enjoyed the way the separate plotlines of love and murder gradually drew together rather than being entangled right from the start, it was occasionally difficult to tell what was going on. What exactly was the supposed accident that killed Charity's mother? What is Henry's connection to the town? Over time, those questions are answered, but I would have preferred the answers to come a little sooner, and some of my questions partway through remained unanswered even at the end. It wasn't quite frustrating, but it did mar my enjoyment of the book.
Overall, Along Came a Soldier was an enjoyable read. It did have its downfalls, but for those who love historical suspense with a strong element of romance, it will be a worthwhile read. I'm certainly glad I came across it, and I'm curious to see what Brenda Davies will write next.
Reviewed By: Jo Niederhoff
Brenda Davies
BHC Press
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The Renegade Queen
Whitehall (Season 1 Episode 4): "Wit in All Languages"
The Cavendon Luck (Cavendon Hall)


For Edward Raber, community building is second nature. As executive director of the Washington (Iowa) Economic Development Group, Raber relies on what he learned as a graduate student in the School of Urban and Regional Planning at the University of Iowa.
Raber serves the needs of business, industry, and local government in Washington County by creating and promoting an environment for economic development. He attributes the county's success to collaborations that forge and maintain good partnerships, both inside and outside the community. To encourage such collaborations, Raber works to assemble resources—financial, policy, program initiatives—for entrepreneurs and communities.
In 2011, Raber helped link the public and private sectors, bringing together two key organizations— East Central Iowa Council of Governments and Corridor Business Alliance—to create a Comprehensive Regional Development Strategy for a seven-county region.
The Washington Chamber of Commerce named Raber its 2010 "Citizen of the Year" for his community contributions.


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David Tserunyan
30 Armenian artists are competing for the chance to represent the country at Junior Eurovision!
Nikola Stojanović Aug 29, 2022
The Armenian broadcaster, ARMTV held the auditions to determine their next representative at Junior Eurovision Song Contest which will take place on 11th of December at Karen Demirchyan Sports and Concerts Complex in Yerevan. Over 100 young…
Hear Misha's 'Boomerang' for Armenia!
Nathan Stella Oct 23, 2017
Misha (real name: Michael Grigoryan) was one of the first artists to be chosen for the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2017, in his case: for Armenia. Just minutes ago the video for his song 'Boomerang' was revealed on the official Junior…


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You are at:Home » OBITUARIES » Obituaries for the Week of 3.30.16
Obituaries for the Week of 3.30.16
By N&N Admin on	 March 30, 2016 OBITUARIES
• Betty Joann Tipton Higgins, 67, Johnson City. 3/17/16
• Vera Rupert Graybeal, 90, Johnson City, 3/17/16
• Donna Gail Cutshall, 64, Jonesborough, 3/18/16
• Glen W. Mettler, 77, Johnson City, 3/15/16
• Robert Lee Francis, 83, Johnson City, 3/18/16
• Elisabeth Maroukas, 86, Jonesborough, 3/20/16
• Geneva Duncan Feathers, 95, Johnson City, 3/20/16
• Eileen Rose Pearce Gilliam, Johnson City, 3/21/16
• Elva Bacon McCartt, 98, Johnson City, 3/20/16
• Billie Byron Barnes, 85, Johnson City, 3/22/16
• Lois Honeycutt Crum, 91, Johnson City, 3/21/16
• Sarah Swanner, 67, Johnson City, 3/22/16
• Ernest Edward Ford, 82, Johnson City, 3/21/16
• David Lee Pendergrass, Sr. 48, Johnson City, 3/19/16
• Michael Phillips, 63, Johnson City, 3/22/16
• Franklin Edwin "Ted" Bair, 95, Jonesborough, 3/22/16
• Gary Wade Redden, 64, Johnson City, 3/18/16
• Margie Lyons, 69, Johnson City, 3/4/16
• Larry "Jug" McKinney, 71, Johnson City, 3/24/16
• Billy J. Dykes, 67, Jonesborough, 3/25/16
• Herman Truett Treadway, 80, Jonesborough, 3/25/16
• Stella Guinn VanHorn, Johnson City, 3/25/16
• Eleanor Fay "Granny" Bicknell, 84, Johnson City, 3/22/16
• Mildred Walters Higgins, Johnson City, 3/26/16
• Kathy Lea Stines Johnson, 54, Johnson City, 3/26/16
N&N Admin
Obituaries for the Week of 12.23.20
©2020 Johnson City News and Neighbor


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