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1 Should I apply to an ordinary civil court or to a specialised court (for example an employment labour court)?
2 Where the ordinary civil courts have jurisdiction (i.e. these are the courts which have responsibility for such cases) how can I find out which one I should apply to?
3 Where specialised courts have jurisdiction how can I find out which one I have to address?
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The French legal structure involves the coexistence of two types of courts: administrative and judicial.
Each category is composed of a three-level structure.
In the first category, the ordinary courts handing down judgments are the administrative courts (tribunaux administratifs), as well as various specialised administrative courts. These decisions can be challenged before administrative courts of appeal (cours administratives d'appel). Finally, those rulings are subject to review by the Council of State (Conseil d'Etat).
In the second category, the ordinary courts handing down decisions at first instance are the regional courts (tribunaux de grande instance), along with a series of other courts the jurisdiction of which was established by legislation. These decisions may be contested before courts of appeal (cours d'appel), which are made up of several chambers (civil (civile), social (sociale), commercial (commerciale) and criminal (criminelle)). The rulings made by the courts of appeal may give rise to an appeal before the Court of Cassation (Cour de cassation) (which itself is made up of several chambers structured around the areas listed for the courts of appeal).
The breakdown of the categories of courts is as follows:
Administrative courts:
Council of State (1)
Administrative courts of appeal (8)
Administrative courts (42)
Judicial courts:
Court of Cassation (1)
Courts of appeal (36)
Supreme Court of Appeal (Tribunal supérieur d'appel) (1)
Regional courts (164) [16 of which have commercial jurisdiction]
Courts of first instance (Tribunaux de première instance) (4) [2 of which have commercial jurisdiction]
Juvenile courts (Tribunaux pour enfants) (155)
Social security tribunals (Tribunaux des affaires de sécurité sociale) (114)
District courts (Tribunaux d'instance) (307)
Employment tribunals (Conseils de prud'hommes) (210)
Labour courts (Tribunaux du travail) (6)
Commercial courts (Tribunaux de commerce) (134)
The specialisations for the judicial courts are:
The district courts judge the most common disputes. As a rule they judge all claims concerning amounts up to €10 000. They also have jurisdiction to rule on certain specific disputes (unpaid rent, attachment of earnings, workplace-level elections, credit in matters of consumer law).
The commercial courts have jurisdiction for disputes between traders, between credit establishments or between those two types of business, disputes relating to trading companies, as well as disputes concerning commercial transactions between any persons and concerning the financial difficulties of trading companies (liquidation and receivership, etc.),
Agricultural land tribunals (tribunaux paritaires des baux ruraux) have jurisdiction to hear disputes between tenants and landlords of agricultural land (tenant farming, sharecropping, etc.),
Employment tribunals deal with all disputes between employees and employers covered by individual private law employment contracts,
Until a date set by decree and at the latest 1 January 2019, social security tribunals (tribunaux des affaires de sécurité sociale) have jurisdiction over disputes to which social security and agricultural mutual insurance legislation and regulations apply; from a date set by decree and at the latest 1 January 2019, these disputes shall fall under the jurisdiction of specially designated regional courts,
Until a date set by decree and at the latest 1 January 2019 incapacity dispute courts (tribunaux du contentieux de l'incapacité) hear disputes relating to disability or degrees of disability, permanent incapacity and inaptitude for work; from a date set by decree and at the latest 1 January 2019, these disputes shall fall under the jurisdiction of specially designated regional courts,
Military pensions courts hear disputes relating to military pensions.
2.1 Is there a distinction between lower and higher ordinary civil courts (for example district courts as lower courts and regional courts as higher courts) and if so which one is competent for my case?
The distribution of jurisdiction between the regional courts, the district courts and the local courts (juridictions de proximité) is specified above. It should be noted that, in the absence of jurisdiction being specifically granted to other courts, the regional courts are the competent ordinary courts.
The district courts have jurisdiction to rule on disputes of up to and including €10 000 and of unlimited value in disputes over certain matters such as consumer law, guardianship of adults and residential leases.
The regional courts have jurisdiction for all other civil disputes that do not fall under that of other courts, in particular in relation to family matters.
2.2 Territorial jurisdiction (is the court of city/town A or of city/town B competent for my case?)
2.2.1 The basic rule of territorial jurisdiction
As a rule, jurisdiction lies with the court of the defendant's place of residence. The purpose of this rule is to give a degree of protection to defendants, as it will be easier for them to defend themselves at the court nearest their home.
If the defendant is a natural person, therefore, jurisdiction will lie with the court of the place at which they are domiciled or resident. For a legal person (company, association), it is the place where it is established, in general where its registered address is located. In some cases, the main known establishment is different to the registered address. In such cases, it is possible to apply to the court in the location of the main establishment. For large companies with several branches, the court applied to may be in the location of one of its branches.
2.2.2 Exceptions to the basic rule
2.2.2.1 When can I choose between the court in the place where the defendant lives (court determined by the application of the basic rule) and another court?
Contracts: claimants may bring an action either at the place where the defendant is resident or, depending on the nature of the contract, the place where the goods are to be delivered or the services are to be performed.
In cases of liability for a harmful act (tort/delict) and in civil proceedings joined to a criminal prosecution, the claim may be brought before the court of the place where the defendant lives or the court of the place where the damage was suffered or the harmful act took place.
In immovable property matters: the claimant may bring the matter before the court of the place where the property is situated.
In matters of maintenance or contributions to the costs of a marriage: the claimant has the choice between the court of the place where the defendant lives or that of the place where the creditor lives, i.e. the court where the claimant lives.
In disputes involving consumers: consumers may choose to apply to the court where they were living at the time when the contract was concluded or the harmful act arose.
2.2.2.2 When do I have to choose a court other than that in the place where the defendant lives (court determined by the application of the basic rule)?
In disputes regarding maintenance allowances or compensatory payments: jurisdiction lies with the court of the place of residence of the creditor spouse or of the parent who is the main carer for the children, even if they are adults.
Divorce: the court of the place where the family lives has jurisdiction. If the spouses live apart, the court of the place where the children live has jurisdiction. If the spouses have no children, the court of the place where the defendant lives has jurisdiction.
Succession: jurisdiction lies with the court of the place where the deceased last lived.
In immovable property matters: jurisdiction lies with the court of the place where the property is situated.
Property leases: jurisdiction lies with the court of the place where the property is situated.
2.2.2.3 Can the parties themselves attribute jurisdiction to a court that would not be competent otherwise?
All the specialist courts have sole jurisdiction and an objection to jurisdiction must be automatically raised by the court. The only possibility of applying to a court that would not normally have jurisdiction lies in the choice between the regional courts and the district courts for matters in which they do not have sole jurisdiction.
As a rule, any clause of a contract that goes against the rules of territorial jurisdiction and allocation is void, except in contracts made between two traders, provided that the clause is specified very clearly.
Commercial courts: as a rule, jurisdiction lies with the court of the place where the defendant resides. In cases of liability for a harmful act, jurisdiction lies with the court of the place where the harmful act occurred or in the jurisdiction of which the harm was suffered.
Agricultural land tribunals: jurisdiction lies with the court of the place where the property is situated.
Employment tribunals: employees may apply to employment tribunals in the location of the establishment in which they work, the place where the contract was concluded or the location of the registered address of the company that employs them. If the work took place outside any establishment, the case must be brought before the employment tribunal in the place where the employee resides.
Social affairs courts (until a date set by decree and at the latest 1 January 2019): as a rule, jurisdiction lies with the court of the place of residence of the beneficiary or employer concerned or of the registered address of the defendant organisation in the event of a dispute between organisations with registered addresses in different jurisdictions.
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text:
serial_test(async (t, fake) => {
  const {port, fakePort} = await getFakeSerialPort(fake);

  assert_equals(port.writable, null);

  await port.open({baudRate: 9600});
  const writable = port.writable;
  assert_true(writable instanceof WritableStream);

  await port.close();
  assert_equals(port.writable, null);

  const writer = writable.getWriter();
  const data = new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]);
  await promise_rejects_dom(t, 'InvalidStateError', writer.write(data));
}, 'open() and close() set and unset SerialPort.writable');

serial_test(async (t, fake) => {
  const {port, fakePort} = await getFakeSerialPort(fake);

  await port.open({baudRate: 9600});
  assert_true(port.writable instanceof WritableStream);

  const writer = port.writable.getWriter();
  await promise_rejects_js(t, TypeError, port.close());

  writer.releaseLock();
  await port.close();
  assert_equals(port.writable, null);
}, 'Port cannot be closed while writable is locked');

serial_test(async (t, fake) => {
  const {port, fakePort} = await getFakeSerialPort(fake);

  await port.open({baudRate: 9600});
  assert_true(port.writable instanceof WritableStream);

  const writer = port.writable.getWriter();
  const data = new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]);
  let writePromise = writer.write(data);
  writer.releaseLock();

  await fakePort.readable();
  let {value, done} = await fakePort.read();
  await writePromise;
  compareArrays(value, data);

  await port.close();
  assert_equals(port.writable, null);
}, 'Can write a small amount of data');

serial_test(async (t, fake) => {
  const {port, fakePort} = await getFakeSerialPort(fake);
  // Select a buffer size smaller than the amount of data transferred.
  await port.open({baudRate: 9600, bufferSize: 64});

  const writer = port.writable.getWriter();
  const data = new Uint8Array(1024);  // Much larger than bufferSize above.
  for (let i = 0; i < data.byteLength; ++i)
    data[i] = i & 0xff;
  writer.write(data);
  writer.releaseLock();

  await fakePort.readable();
  const value = await fakePort.readWithLength(data.byteLength);
  compareArrays(data, value);

  await port.close();
}, 'Can write a large amount of data');

serial_test(async (t, fake) => {
  const {port, fakePort} = await getFakeSerialPort(fake);
  await port.open({baudRate: 9600});

  const writable = port.writable;
  assert_true(writable instanceof WritableStream);
  let writer = writable.getWriter();

  await fakePort.readable();
  fakePort.simulateSystemErrorOnWrite();
  const data = new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]);
  await promise_rejects_dom(t, 'UnknownError', writer.write(data));

  assert_true(port.writable instanceof WritableStream);
  assert_not_equals(port.writable, writable);

  writer = port.writable.getWriter();
  let writePromise = writer.write(data);
  writer.releaseLock();
  await fakePort.readable();
  let {value, done} = await fakePort.read();
  await writePromise;
  compareArrays(value, data);

  await port.close();
  assert_equals(port.writable, null);
}, 'System error closes writable and replaces it with a new stream');

serial_test(async (t, fake) => {
  const {port, fakePort} = await getFakeSerialPort(fake);
  await port.open({baudRate: 9600});

  assert_true(port.writable instanceof WritableStream);
  const writer = port.writable.getWriter();

  await fakePort.readable();
  fakePort.simulateDisconnectOnWrite();
  const data = new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]);
  await promise_rejects_dom(t, 'NetworkError', writer.write(data));
  assert_equals(port.writable, null);

  await port.close();
}, 'Disconnect error closes writable and sets it to null');

serial_test(async (t, fake) => {
  const {port, fakePort} = await getFakeSerialPort(fake);

  await port.open({baudRate: 9600, bufferSize: 64});
  const originalWritable = port.writable;
  assert_true(originalWritable instanceof WritableStream);

  let writer = originalWritable.getWriter();
  let data = new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]);
  // The buffer size is large enough to allow this write to complete without
  // the data being read from the fake port.
  await writer.write(data);
  await writer.abort();

  assert_true(port.writable instanceof WritableStream);
  assert_true(port.writable !== originalWritable);
  writer = port.writable.getWriter();
  data = new Uint8Array([9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16]);
  const writePromise = writer.write(data);
  writer.releaseLock();

  await fakePort.readable();
  const {value, done} = await fakePort.read();
  await writePromise;
  compareArrays(value, data);

  await port.close();
  assert_equals(port.writable, null);
}, 'abort() discards the write buffer');

serial_test(async (t, fake) => {
  const {port, fakePort} = await getFakeSerialPort(fake);
  // Select a buffer size smaller than the amount of data transferred.
  await port.open({baudRate: 9600, bufferSize: 64});

  const writer = port.writable.getWriter();
  const data = new Uint8Array(1024);  // Much larger than bufferSize above.
  for (let i = 0; i < data.byteLength; ++i)
    data[i] = i & 0xff;
  const writePromise =
      promise_rejects_exactly(t, 'Aborting.', writer.write(data));

  await writer.abort('Aborting.');
  await writePromise;
  await port.close();
  assert_equals(port.writable, null);
}, 'abort() does not wait for the write buffer to be cleared');

serial_test(async (t, fake) => {
  const {port, fakePort} = await getFakeSerialPort(fake);
  // Select a buffer size smaller than the amount of data transferred.
  await port.open({baudRate: 9600, bufferSize: 64});

  const writer = port.writable.getWriter();
  const data = new Uint8Array(1024);  // Much larger than bufferSize above.
  for (let i = 0; i < data.byteLength; ++i)
    data[i] = i & 0xff;
  const closed = (async () => {
    await promise_rejects_exactly(t, 'Aborting.', writer.write(data));
    writer.releaseLock();
    await port.close();
    assert_equals(port.writable, null);
  })();

  await writer.abort('Aborting.');
  await closed;
}, 'Can close while aborting');

serial_test(async (t, fake) => {
  const {port, fakePort} = await getFakeSerialPort(fake);
  // Select a buffer size smaller than the amount of data transferred.
  await port.open({baudRate: 9600, bufferSize: 64});

  const writer = port.writable.getWriter();
  const data = new Uint8Array(1024);  // Much larger than bufferSize above.
  for (let i = 0; i < data.byteLength; ++i)
    data[i] = i & 0xff;
  writer.write(data);

  let readComplete = false;
  let writePromise = writer.close().then(() => {
    assert_true(readComplete);
  });

  await fakePort.readable();
  let readPromise = fakePort.readWithLength(data.byteLength).then(result => {
    readComplete = true;
    return result;
  });
  const value = await readPromise;
  compareArrays(data, value);
  await writePromise;

  await port.close();
}, 'close() waits for the write buffer to be cleared');

serial_test(async (t, fake) => {
  const {port, fakePort} = await getFakeSerialPort(fake);

  await port.open({baudRate: 9600});
  assert_true(port.writable instanceof WritableStream);

  const encoder = new TextEncoderStream();
  const streamClosed = encoder.readable.pipeTo(port.writable);
  const writer = encoder.writable.getWriter();
  const writePromise = writer.write('Hello world!');

  await fakePort.readable();
  const {value, done} = await fakePort.read();
  await writePromise;
  assert_equals('Hello world!', new TextDecoder().decode(value));
  await writer.close();
  await streamClosed;

  await port.close();
  assert_equals(port.writable, null);
}, 'Can pipe a stream to writable');

serial_test(async (t, fake) => {
  const {port, fakePort} = await getFakeSerialPort(fake);

  await port.open({baudRate: 9600});
  assert_true(port.writable instanceof WritableStream);

  const transform = new TransformStream();
  const readable = transform.readable.pipeThrough(new TextEncoderStream())
                       .pipeThrough(new TransformStream())
                       .pipeThrough(new TransformStream())
                       .pipeThrough(new TransformStream());
  const streamClosed = readable.pipeTo(port.writable);
  const writer = transform.writable.getWriter();
  const writePromise = writer.write('Hello world!');

  await fakePort.readable();
  const {value, done} = await fakePort.read();
  await writePromise;
  assert_equals('Hello world!', new TextDecoder().decode(value));
  await writer.close();
  await streamClosed;

  await port.close();
  assert_equals(port.writable, null);
}, 'Stream closure is observable through a long chain of transformers');

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


This article first  appeared as a Colorado Parks & Wildlife Press Release on December 23, 2015.
We live in a visual candyland here in Colorado, and dog owners love nothing more than getting out into the natural beauty with their dogs. What's wrong with that? On the surface, it's a great thing to get exercise for both dog and owner. Unfortunately, there is often one thing missing on the trails, the lack of which endangers dogs, people and wildlife: a truly reliable recall to which a dog will respond.
Can you honestly call your dog off from its thrilling chase of wildlife? Dogs chasing wildlife is not only illegal, it's dangerous for everyone. Wild animals cannot afford the calories, stress and dangers from a high-speed chase. Dogs that don't have a reliable recall get lost in the mountains nearly every week. If I had a dollar for every client who called me after their dog was attacked by another off-leash dog, I would be a very rich dog trainer.


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JDC-Miller prepping two full-time P2s
By Marshall Pruett November 14, 2017 7:18 PM
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JDC-Miller team co-owner John Church is doubling down on IMSA's Prototype class with a pair of ORECA 07-Gibson V8-powered P2s he plans on entering for the full 2018 season.
The Minnesota-based team owner recently announced the current lineup of Stephen Simpson and Misha Goikhberg in the No.85 P2 will remain intact next season, and with a second ORECA 07 in his possession that had unconfirmed plans, Church says he's made a commitment to field it at every WeatherTech SportsCar Championship round.
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The team's new chassis, which will run No.84, arrived immediately after Petit Le Mans concluded in early October and has joined the No. 85 in offseason testing at Sebring [below]. Drivers for the second car could be announced around the first of December.
"We did a test last week and that went really well," Church added. "We're plugging away on getting guys signed. There's one that's pretty close, and another that I don't think we're too far away with. I think we're making good progress."
Ramping up for the Prototype expansion has seen Church pull from some of its staff spread across Mazda Road To Indy and sports car programs while seeking new employees for the WeatherTech Championship program.
"We're going to do a little of both," he said. "There's a lot of discussion with people for various positions and have a good idea of what we want. It's just a matter of finishing up who's going to be assigned to the ORECAs."
Coming off a debut Prototype season where the No. 85 'Banana Boat' was the most consistent privateer threat to the factory DPis, Church is confident the JDC-Miller team will be able to fight for podiums and wins as the class prepares to double in size.
"At this point, we're certainly confident the non-DPi cars are going to be competitive," he said. "From my perspective, IMSA did a great job last season on BoP. I don't have a lot to complain about there, nor should anybody else. It's a pretty good formula right now. I don't see a lot of drama, and have faith the BoP is going to stay reasonable and fair.
"From that standpoint, we're optimistic we'll be able to be competitive. The field is going to be ultra-competitive, and I think we'll have 18 cars on the grid most weekends. That's why we're here – the competition."
Marshall Pruett
The 2023 season marks Marshall Pruett's 37th year working in the sport. In his role today for RACER, Pruett covers open-wheel and sports car racing as a writer, reporter, photographer, and filmmaker. In his previous career, he served as a mechanic, engineer, and team manager in a variety of series, including IndyCar, IMSA, and World Challenge.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


If you suffer from allergies, you're not alone. In fact, according to the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), more than 50 million people have allergic diseases, making them the sixth-leading cause of chronic illness in the USA.
The 2006 Spring Allergy season is already being billed as the worst in years. The mild wet winter seen this year in much of the US is being blamed for the early intense spring allergy season. If you've been paying attention to the media over the past week, you have no doubt seen some of the numerous reports jumping on the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America's 2006 publishing of their list of Allergy Capitals.
The list is based on the levels of grass/tree/weed pollen and mold spores in the air, the medication usage per patient, and the number of Board Certified allergists per patient in each metro area. The results for each metro area are then compared and ranked.
What you don't learn in most (if any) of these news reports is that the whole program is supported by Procter & Gamble, makers of Febreze Allergen Reducer® and Swiffer® Dusters and Schering-Plough, makers of Nasonex® Nasal Spray, and Pollen.com, a division of Surveillance Data, Inc. Is this a bad thing? Not necessarily -- but it does give a certain slant to the recommended solutions that accompany these articles (more on that later).
So are the pollen counts really skyrocketing? Indeed. To give you an idea, let's look at Atlanta. ABC news reported that in early April of this year, Atlanta recorded the second highest pollen count since they started recording them in 1995. Pull up the pollen counts for the Atlanta area for April 2006, and they are nothing short of staggering. For example, a count over 120 is considered extremely high -- the highest rating given. The pollen count on April 3rd, 2006 was 5,861. (The highest count so far ever recorded was 6013 in 4/12/99.) And if you're wondering how Atlanta ranked on "The List" with such staggering numbers -- it only managed a measly 28th.
The bottom line is that American cities are climbing up the allergy ladder, with a number of US cities falling behind Shanghai when it comes to quality of life. (Something our readers in China can crow about.) And conditions are predicted to get worse. As Dr. Christopher C. Randolph, allergist at the Center for Allergy & Immunology in Waterbury, Conn. points out, "You'll have grasses in June, then weeds in August and September."
The best advice medical authorities can offer is avoid the worst cities and shuttle through your medications until you find one that blocks the symptoms. Hardly inspiring. But let's look at some of the common "medication" options, and remember, I told you the rankings were sponsored by Procter and Gamble and Schering-Plough.
The two major classes of medications for treating allergies are antihistamines and decongestants. Antihistamines help relieve sneezing, itching and runny nose. They work best if you take them routinely during the allergy season rather than waiting until you feel miserable. Decongestants, on the other hand, work by drying up nasal passages after the fact, and are used on an as needed basis for short periods of time only.
Antihistamines may offer relief from sneezing, itching and runny nose but they need to be taken routinely in order to be effective. In other words, they are less effective if you wait until your symptoms get bad. If taken correctly, they can reduce symptoms by 50 to 80 percent yet rarely relieve all symptoms.
Decongestants come as topical eye and nose drops and sprays and as oral tablets and liquid. They narrow blood vessels and reduce blood flow in the affected area, which helps clear congestion and improve breathing. The nose drops and sprays should be used for no more than three days to avoid rebound swelling in the nose. Again, as with antihistamines, decongestants do nothing to resolve the underlying problem. They merely suppress symptoms.
Allergen immunotherapy works like a vaccine. Your body responds to the injected amounts of a particular allergen, given in gradually increasing doses, by developing an immunity or tolerance to the allergen(s). As a result of these immune changes, immunotherapy can lead to decreased, minimal or no allergy symptoms when you are exposed to the allergen(s) included in the allergy vaccine. There generally are two phases to immunotherapy: a build-up phase and a maintenance phase.
While allergy shots go more to the cause than antihistamines and decongestants, the process is not inexpensive and the effectiveness of this treatment option is different for each person, and some people fail to respond at all.
All that said; let's look at a different approach -- eliminating the cause of allergies, and therefore the need for medication of any kind.
For our purposes, as in the book, I will again use a simple X-Y chart to represent the state of health. The Y axis represents the level of your health. And the X axis represents your body's load of allergens.
That's the red line in the chart above. It moves up and down constantly (always above the line of symptoms it is hoped) and reflects where your health stands at any moment in time. In the above chart, it is tracking only one health factor: your exposure to allergens.
In a perfect world, your personal level of health line would match the Line of Optimal Health -- totally free of allergens. In reality, that's not achievable. So what we try to do is keep everything as close to Optimum Health as possible.
The more your body is loaded up with allergens the closer it sits to the line of symptoms so that eventually it only takes a little exposure to dust, pet dander, pollen, etc. to throw you over the line and start manifesting symptoms.
If your personal health line crosses this line, the result is anaphylactic shock and in some cases death. Anaphylactic shock is a life threatening allergic reaction characterized by a swelling of body tissues (including the throat) and a sudden decline in blood pressure. Symptoms can include hives, swelling (especially of the lips and face), difficulty breathing (either because of swelling in the throat or an asthmatic reaction), vomiting, diarrhea, cramping and a fall in blood pressure.
As allergen levels build up in the blood (and in your soft tissue, as in the case of Circulating Immune Complexes), over time, crossing the line of symptoms becomes more and more of a threat. So let's look at a holistic treatment option.
As always, it is best to deal with the cause rather than just suppressing the symptoms. There are several factors that trigger allergies, but in the end, getting rid of allergies primarily depends on eliminating the key cause -- foreign proteins in the blood. If they are allowed to build up, it takes only a mild stimulus (pollen, for example) to throw your body across the line of symptoms and produce problems that can range from mild itching and runny nose to an asthmatic attack.
Virtually everyone has undiagnosed food allergies that affect their baseline of health, weighing it down closer and closer to the line of symptoms -- not to mention the line of anaphylactic shock and death.
For our purposes, eating smart means minimizing exposure to the most common food allergens -- the big three being wheat, corn, and dairy (with dairy taking top honors).
Incompletely digested large dairy proteins, such as casein, become antigens (substances that provoke immune reactions) once they enter the bloodstream in individuals who are sensitive to them. Plus, the milk you buy in the store is not raw milk. Heating the milk to pasteurize it "denatures" dairy proteins making some of them much more allergenic than they are in their natural state. Consider that many cases of asthma and sinus infections are reported to be relieved, and even eliminated, by simply cutting out dairy.
Raw organic, if you can find it, avoids many of the problems -- but presents health issues of its own unless you can be sure of the source.
Organic pasteurized is better than non-organic, but because of the heat used in pasteurization it presents significantly higher allergy problems than raw.
I do not recommend non-organic, pasteurized, homogenized dairy products under any circumstances.
And while whey eliminates the casein problem, it still contains the two main allergenic proteins, alpha-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin -- the two most heat sensitive proteins.
Soy milk, of course, is not an effective alternative, since it is high in allergens itself, blocks the absorption of important minerals such as calcium, and contains high levels of phytoestrogens, which although beneficial in moderate amounts, can be counter-productive in large amounts -- particularly for children.
For more information on dairy, check out Dairy Diet Delusion.
Indoor allergens include dust mite droppings, animal dander, cockroach droppings, and indoor molds -- not to mention "unnatural" allergens such as tobacco smoke, aerosols, paint, perfumes, smog, and cleaning products or other strong odors or fumes. If the allergens are not eliminated, constant exposure leads to a build up of allergens in the body that pushes your health line across the line of symptoms 24/7, leading to chronic health problems.
The trick to fighting indoor allergens is that there are different measures for each allergen so you need to determine what allergens are pushing you over the line (this can be done by working with an allergist/immunologist). The American Academy of Allergy Asthma & Immunology offers tips for fighting indoor allergens to help you distance yourself from the line of symptoms.
It's also worth investing in an effective cleaner/ionizer to scrub the air in your house -- and make sure you clean it frequently.
Circulating Immune Complexes (CIC's) may be one of the single biggest allergy triggers. What are they?
Large protein molecules (such as those found in wheat, corn, and dairy) that are only partially digested in the small intestine are absorbed into the bloodstream. Once in the bloodstream, the immune system treats them as invaders provoking an immune reaction. Antibodies couple with these foreign protein invaders to form circulating immune complexes (CIC's). In a healthy person, these CIC's may be neutralized in the lymphatic system. But if the immune system is in any way compromised, or if their build up is too massive, CIC's accumulate in the blood, where they initiate an "allergic" reaction. As the number of CIC's builds, the kidneys max out and can no longer excrete all of them, so they begin to accumulate in the body's soft tissues, causing inflammation -- and even triggering autoimmune disorders (since the body's immune system starts attacking the tissue that contains the CIC's).
Proteolytic (protein digesting) enzymes produced by the pancreas (or taken in supplements) break down CIC's in the bloodstream and soft tissue so that they can pass through the kidneys for excretion. Reducing the number of CIC's goes a long way in moving you toward your optimal health line and away from the line of symptoms. Eating digestive enzymes with every meal and taking Proteolytic Enzymes between meals can produce dramatic changes in your health.
Have you ever noticed how just having a good bowel movement can clean up a stuffy nose in a matter of minutes?
It's quite simple. Your bowel is not an impervious Teflon barrier. It is more like a porous membrane that reclaims water from your stools (which is why stools get harder and dryer the longer they sit in the bowel) and shuttles that water back into your body. It also means that allergens are readily drawn into the body along with the water. The longer waste sits in the bowel, the more toxins are absorbed into your body along with the water. Remove the waste, and instant relief.
Keep the bowel clean long term, and it once again functions as a pathway out of the body for stored toxins -- rather than an entry point in for new toxins. That's twice the benefit.
Bottom line: do two colon cleanses a year as part of a regular maintenance program.
Do a liver detox twice a year so that your liver can more efficiently eliminate toxins from the bloodstream. Since your liver is your body's primary filter, cleansing your liver is imperative in order to not only rid it of existing allergen build up in its own tissue but to allow for it to optimally perform its filtering functions and remove allergens from your blood. Many naturopaths believe that allergies are merely a symptom of an unhealthy liver.
To give you an idea of just how related the liver is to allergic reactions consider that in the January 2003 issue of the Archives of Internal Medicine a clinical observation of the passive transfer of nut allergy after a liver transplant was reported. The case involved a 60-year-old man who received a liver transplant from a 15-year-old boy. Twenty-five days after receiving the transplant, the man, who previously had no history of nut allergy, curiously experienced an anaphylactic reaction after eating a meal containing cashews. In fact the 15-year-old boy had died of anaphylaxis after eating a peanut. Even more telling -- post transplantation skin prick test results on the liver recipient were positive for peanut, cashew nut, and sesame seed -- with the donor having had allergen IgE antibodies to the same 3 allergens.
Immunomodulators are nutraceuticals that can regulate your immune system -- boosting a weak system or calming down an overactive system. By using immunomodulators such as L-carnosine and Cetyl myristoleate (CMO), you can retrain the immune system to not overreact.
You should use a full spectrum antioxidant that contains high levels of quercetin, which stabilizes the membranes of immune cells (basophils and mast cells) so they no longer dump inflammatories into the bloodstream. Quercetin is one of the class of antioxidants known as bioflavonoids. A prime role of quercetin is to protect the integrity of cell walls from free radical damage. In addition, quercetin prevents the release of histamines into the bloodstream, thereby helping to control food and pollen allergies.


text:
package io.spring.initializr.metadata.support;

import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;

import io.spring.initializr.generator.buildsystem.DependencyScope;
import io.spring.initializr.generator.buildsystem.MavenRepository;
import io.spring.initializr.generator.version.Version;
import io.spring.initializr.metadata.BillOfMaterials;
import io.spring.initializr.metadata.Dependency;
import io.spring.initializr.metadata.Dependency.Mapping;
import io.spring.initializr.metadata.DependencyGroup;
import io.spring.initializr.metadata.InitializrMetadata;
import io.spring.initializr.metadata.Repository;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;

/**
 * Tests for {@link MetadataBuildItemResolver}.
 *
 * @author Stephane Nicoll
 */
class MetadataBuildItemResolverTests {

	private static final Version VERSION_2_0_0 = Version.parse("2.0.0.RELEASE");

	@Test
	void resoleDependencyWithMatchingEntry() {
		InitializrMetadata metadata = new InitializrMetadata();
		DependencyGroup group = DependencyGroup.create("test");
		Dependency target = Dependency.withId("test-dep", "com.example", "test", "1.0.0", "runtime");
		target.setClassifier("test-jar");
		group.getContent().add(target);
		metadata.getDependencies().getContent().add(group);
		metadata.validate();
		MetadataBuildItemResolver resolver = new MetadataBuildItemResolver(metadata, VERSION_2_0_0);
		io.spring.initializr.generator.buildsystem.Dependency dependency = resolver.resolveDependency("test-dep");
		assertThat(dependency.getGroupId()).isEqualTo("com.example");
		assertThat(dependency.getArtifactId()).isEqualTo("test");
		assertThat(dependency.getVersion()).hasToString("1.0.0");
		assertThat(dependency.getClassifier()).hasToString("test-jar");
		assertThat(dependency.getScope()).isEqualTo(DependencyScope.RUNTIME);
	}

	@Test
	void resoleDependencyWithMatchingEntryAndCompatibilityRange() {
		InitializrMetadata metadata = new InitializrMetadata();
		DependencyGroup group = DependencyGroup.create("test");
		Dependency dependency = Dependency.withId("test-dep", "com.example", "test");
		dependency.getMappings()
				.add(Mapping.create("[1.0.0.RELEASE, 2.0.0.RELEASE)", null, null, "1.0.0.RELEASE", null, null, null));
		dependency.getMappings()
				.add(Mapping.create("2.0.0.RELEASE", "com.example.override", "test-override", null, null, null, null));
		group.getContent().add(dependency);
		metadata.getDependencies().getContent().add(group);
		metadata.validate();
		MetadataBuildItemResolver resolver = new MetadataBuildItemResolver(metadata, VERSION_2_0_0);
		io.spring.initializr.generator.buildsystem.Dependency resolveDependency = resolver
				.resolveDependency("test-dep");
		assertThat(resolveDependency.getGroupId()).isEqualTo("com.example.override");
		assertThat(resolveDependency.getArtifactId()).isEqualTo("test-override");
		assertThat(resolveDependency.getVersion()).isNull();
		assertThat(resolveDependency.getScope()).isEqualTo(DependencyScope.COMPILE);
	}

	@Test
	void resoleDependencyWithNotMatchingEntry() {
		InitializrMetadata metadata = new InitializrMetadata();
		DependencyGroup group = DependencyGroup.create("test");
		group.getContent().add(Dependency.withId("test-dep", "com.example", "test", "1.0.0", "runtime"));
		metadata.getDependencies().getContent().add(group);
		metadata.validate();
		MetadataBuildItemResolver resolver = new MetadataBuildItemResolver(metadata, VERSION_2_0_0);
		assertThat(resolver.resolveDependency("does-not-exist")).isNull();
	}

	@Test
	void resoleBomWithMatchingEntry() {
		InitializrMetadata metadata = new InitializrMetadata();
		BillOfMaterials bom = BillOfMaterials.create("com.example", "bom", "2.0.0");
		metadata.getConfiguration().getEnv().getBoms().put("test-bom", bom);
		metadata.validate();
		MetadataBuildItemResolver resolver = new MetadataBuildItemResolver(metadata, VERSION_2_0_0);
		io.spring.initializr.generator.buildsystem.BillOfMaterials resolvedBom = resolver.resolveBom("test-bom");
		assertThat(resolvedBom.getGroupId()).isEqualTo("com.example");
		assertThat(resolvedBom.getArtifactId()).isEqualTo("bom");
		assertThat(resolvedBom.getVersion()).hasToString("2.0.0");
	}

	@Test
	void resoleBomWithMatchingEntryAndCompatibilityRange() throws MalformedURLException {
		InitializrMetadata metadata = new InitializrMetadata();
		BillOfMaterials bom = BillOfMaterials.create("com.example", "bom", "0.0.1");
		bom.getMappings().add(BillOfMaterials.Mapping.create("[1.0.0.RELEASE, 2.0.0.RELEASE)", "1.0.0"));
		bom.getMappings().add(BillOfMaterials.Mapping.create("2.0.0.RELEASE", "1.1.0"));
		metadata.getConfiguration().getEnv().getBoms().put("test-bom", bom);
		metadata.getConfiguration().getEnv().getRepositories().put("test-repo",
				new Repository("test", new URL("https://example.com/repo")));
		metadata.validate();
		MetadataBuildItemResolver resolver = new MetadataBuildItemResolver(metadata, VERSION_2_0_0);
		io.spring.initializr.generator.buildsystem.BillOfMaterials resolvedBom = resolver.resolveBom("test-bom");
		assertThat(resolvedBom.getGroupId()).isEqualTo("com.example");
		assertThat(resolvedBom.getArtifactId()).isEqualTo("bom");
		assertThat(resolvedBom.getVersion()).hasToString("1.1.0");
	}

	@Test
	void resoleBomWithNotMatchingEntry() {
		InitializrMetadata metadata = new InitializrMetadata();
		BillOfMaterials bom = BillOfMaterials.create("com.example", "bom", "2.0.0");
		metadata.getConfiguration().getEnv().getBoms().put("test-bom", bom);
		metadata.validate();
		MetadataBuildItemResolver resolver = new MetadataBuildItemResolver(metadata, VERSION_2_0_0);
		assertThat(resolver.resolveBom("does-not-exost")).isNull();
	}

	@Test
	void resoleRepositoryWithMatchingReleasesOnlyRepository() throws MalformedURLException {
		InitializrMetadata metadata = new InitializrMetadata();
		metadata.getConfiguration().getEnv().getRepositories().put("test-repo",
				new Repository("test", new URL("https://example.com/repo")));
		metadata.validate();
		MetadataBuildItemResolver resolver = new MetadataBuildItemResolver(metadata, VERSION_2_0_0);
		MavenRepository repository = resolver.resolveRepository("test-repo");
		assertThat(repository.getId()).isEqualTo("test-repo");
		assertThat(repository.getName()).isEqualTo("test");
		assertThat(repository.getUrl()).isEqualTo("https://example.com/repo");
		assertThat(repository.isReleasesEnabled()).isTrue();
		assertThat(repository.isSnapshotsEnabled()).isFalse();
	}

	@Test
	void resoleRepositoryWithMatchingSnapshotsOnlyRepository() throws MalformedURLException {
		InitializrMetadata metadata = new InitializrMetadata();
		metadata.getConfiguration().getEnv().getRepositories().put("test-repo",
				new Repository("test", new URL("https://example.com/repo"), false, true));
		metadata.validate();
		MetadataBuildItemResolver resolver = new MetadataBuildItemResolver(metadata, VERSION_2_0_0);
		MavenRepository repository = resolver.resolveRepository("test-repo");
		assertThat(repository.getId()).isEqualTo("test-repo");
		assertThat(repository.getName()).isEqualTo("test");
		assertThat(repository.getUrl()).isEqualTo("https://example.com/repo");
		assertThat(repository.isReleasesEnabled()).isFalse();
		assertThat(repository.isSnapshotsEnabled()).isTrue();
	}

	@Test
	void resoleRepositoryWithNonMatchingEntry() throws MalformedURLException {
		InitializrMetadata metadata = new InitializrMetadata();
		metadata.getConfiguration().getEnv().getRepositories().put("test-repo",
				new Repository("test", new URL("https://example.com/repo")));
		metadata.validate();
		MetadataBuildItemResolver resolver = new MetadataBuildItemResolver(metadata, VERSION_2_0_0);
		assertThat(resolver.resolveRepository("does-not-exist")).isNull();
	}

}


The banner used when publishing VGMR episodes to Default Prime.
Video Game Music and Remixes is a podcast I created in 2007 featuring both original video game music and remixes. The show currently has over 25,000 subscribers and over 3 million downloads. I take care of all branding and publishing of episodes.
The podcast's growth is 100% organic, stemming from smart keyword usage and user engagement. Although I upload episodes in a sporadic manner, I always try to upload episodes based on recommendations or requests in our iTunes Reviews feed. This keeps our listeners happy, and really helps them know that we care about their best interests.
As I stated before, the show boasts an impressive number of subscribers and download numbers, but has also amassed almost 300 ratings on iTunes for an average of 4.5/5 stars, with more ratings and reviews going up every single day.
The podcast cover art I created. I tried to create something that really captured the essence of video games, but was also simple and to the point.


text:
United Way program improves kindergarten readiness
By SUBMITTED REPORT
GURNEE – United Way of Lake County has conducted a Kindergarten Readiness Assessment during the first four to six weeks of school every three years in Waukegan since 2006, according to a news release.
Twelve years ago, a baseline assessment showed only 6 percent of the children in Waukegan public schools had the skills needed to be successful in kindergarten. The results were a call to action for United Way of Lake County to launch the Success By 6 Program designed to promote healthy early childhood development to ensure children begin school ready to succeed.
Today, the percentage of Waukegan children who arrive at kindergarten ready to succeed in school has increased from 6 percent to 57 percent.
Studies show that children who begin kindergarten prepared to learn are more likely to stay engaged in school and be on track to graduate from high school; they will be less likely to receive government assistance in adulthood; they will have lower rates of felony arrest, convictions, and incarceration; they will be 2 1/2 more times likely to go to college; they will be more likely to own a home and earn 42 percent more than the median income in their communities. Preparing children for a successful start in school builds stronger communities.
Readiness is measured using a two-pronged independent assessment developed by Santa Clara Partnership for School Readiness and Applied Survey Research that includes an evaluation of student skills through teacher and trained volunteer observation, as well as a parent survey. In Waukegan, 483 children from 26 classrooms in seven elementary schools were assessed, including children from Carman-Buckner, Clearview, Cooke Magnet, Glen Flora, Glenwood, McCall and North. The statistically valid sample represents 48 percent of all kindergarteners with 51 percent of parents responding.
Students were assessed in 15 readiness skills grouped into four educational focus areas that are recognized by educators as essential to a comprehensive education: Communication and Language Usage, Cognition and General Knowledge, Social and Emotional Development, and Physical Well-Being and Motor Development.
A focus of United Way of Lake County's Success By 6 programming, readiness scores of the major literacy and cognition skills have improved in the past three years and all scores improved significantly since 2006. While these results are encouraging, there is still more work to do.
Success By 6 has since expanded to Round Lake, North Chicago, Beach Park and Zion.
Success By 6 develops and invests in early learning programs that empower families and ensure children are ready for the future. The comprehensive programming includes Early Learning Clubs providing free workshops, tips and materials to empower parents to be their child's first teacher; Home Visiting delivering early learning and health literacy intervention services to the homes of high-risk children; Kindergarten Countdown Camp offering special camps for children who have never been to preschool to boost their skills over the summer; Kindergarten Readiness Calendars inspiring parents as they teach their preschool-age children; Early Learning Trails developing academic readiness while encouraging active movement and play; and Better Together engaging North Chicago families with children birth to three years old to build early literacy and learning skills.
To learn more about the Success By 6 initiative, visit www.LIVEUNITEDlakecounty.org.


51 percent of cell owners used their phone to get information they needed right away.
42 percent used their phone for entertainment when they were bored, and 40 percent were in an emergency situation in which having their phone with them really helped.
And for those of us addicted to our smartphones, its absence (like my recent terrifying one) is even more profound when you consider some of the findings of this survey: 27 percent "experienced a situation in which they had trouble doing something because they did not have their phone at hand."
One-third (35 percent) own a smartphone, with nine in ten of that subset using them to text or take pictures with their phones. Eight in ten use their phone to go online or to send photos or videos. In a head-to-head comparison between smartphone and non-smartphone users, activities like accessing Twitter and chatting via video were the nearly exclusive territory of the former.
Consistent with previous Pew Internet surveys of mobile usage, texting and picture-taking still appear to be the most common uses for the devices, with 73 percent of mobile owners engage in each of these.
But there is such a thing as backlash, and the survey found 29 percent temporarily shut off their phones to take a break.
One in five (20 percent) experienced frustration because their phone was taking too long to download something.
16 percent had difficulty reading something on their phone because the screen was too small.
one in ten (10 percent) had difficulty entering a lot of text on their phone at some point in the preceding 30 days.
And then there's this use for the phone, which 13 percent admitted to: Pretending to use their phone in order to avoid interacting with the people around them. Not that I've ever done that!
Check out Technolog on Facebook, and on Twitter, follow Athima Chansanchai, who is also trying to keep her head above water in the Google+ stream.


Cliff Avril went down late in the Super Bowl and his absence made it difficult for the Seahawks to get pressure on Tom Brady as he led the Patriots comeback. Two years prior, Chris Clemons went down against the Redskins and the Seahawks were short-handed in edge rushers against Matt Ryan in another heart-breaking playoff loss. Lesson learned. A team can never have enough pass rushers. One of the hidden hopes to add to the Seahawks pass rush in 2015 comes from a player drafted in 2014. Cassius Marsh flashed in rookie mini camp and throughout training camp. His development this year will have a significant impact on the Seahawks ability to get after the quarterback.
Marsh stands 6'4″ and has been able to play at anywhere from 260 pounds all the way up to near 300 pounds. Seattle drafted him with an eye on learning from Michael Bennett as a swing end and nickel inside rusher. He reported to camp in the 270 pound range, and played both inside and out.
I was far more impressed with his get-off as an edge rusher than as an interior player. Marsh is active in either spot, playing through the whistle and pursuing the ball all over the field. He uses his hands well, and needs to, as he is not particularly strong. The primary interest was for Marsh to rush the passer, but he showed decent instincts against the run as well. He finished the preseason with 2.0 sacks and a few tackles for loss.
One question with Marsh was his durability. He is nowhere near as thick as Bennett, and he appeared to wear down as the preseason progressed. Sure enough, he was lost to a season-ending injury (broken foot) just a few games into his rookie season.
Marsh made little impact in the games he did play. There is no way to know if he was truly overmatched or was in the early stages of development as a rusher.
It will be interesting to see what weight the Seahawks ask Marsh to play at this year. He looked far more like an edge player than an interior rusher when I saw him last year. That could mean the Seahawks ask him to lose a few pounds and play in the 260-range. He needs to get stronger as well, so it could be a situation where his body changes (getting leaner) more than his weight.
His hand use and motor will tempt the Seahawks toward seeing him again on the inside. There is no harm in cross-training. Marsh, however, showed signs of being a starting quality player. The team would be wise to make him spend the bulk of his time focusing on one position that best features his strengths.
Frank Clark has received a lot of attention this offseason for off-the-field questions. Marsh is a similar player in terms of height and weight, but lacks Clark's strength. At least, he did last season. Nobody outside the organization is counting on Marsh to be a factor on the Seahawks defense in 2015, but this is player who seemed capable of 5-7 sacks last year. If he has put in the time in the weight room and increased his fitness level, Marsh will climb the depth chart and become a player Seahawks fans will love.


As IT becomes more and more strategic and critical in impacting an organisation's bottom line, companies look to the Cloud to decrease IT complexity and drive ROI. For some organisations, Cloud solutions can be more secure, predictable and scalable than on-premise solutions.
HarComm provides organisations with over 40 Cloud solution options. We've vetted the top suppliers for each technology, and we understand their strengths and weaknesses in each category. We've also assessed the optimal suppliers for your specific vertical.
Automotive, Financial, Hospitality, Real Estate, SMB, Logistics, Enterprise, Retail, Healthcare, Insurance, Government, Education, Software.
Hackers, cyber-terrorists, natural and man-made disasters are no match for the Cloud. Consolidate your hardware infrastructure or become completely hardware independent with a virtual disaster recovery and business continuity solution. With the right partner, you can centralise your recovery plan in a seamless, secure redundant environment at a fraction of the cost of traditional disaster recovery on-premise solutions.
Reduce IT complexity, obsolescence, and costs by moving your IT infrastructure to a virtual environment. Virtualising your colocation, disaster recovery, and storage infrastructure in public, private or hybrid Clouds can make organisations more manageable, secure, and scalable at a much lower cost.
Embrace a mobile workstyle by utilising the Cloud to access business applications and desktops on any device and in any location. DaaS eliminates the need for software maintenance and makes purchasing and managing workstations simple and fast. No need to manage servers or hardware, and obsolescence becomes a thing of the past in the right DaaS ecosystem.
Focus your time and budget on IT strategy by migrating your more tactical IT responsibilities to the Cloud. ITaaS means your helpdesk, security, software updates, mobile devices, and monitoring can all be managed by specialists trained in the Cloud. ITaaS reduces CapEx, puts transparency around your financials and ensures predictability of cash flow.
HarComm helps organisations strategise, source and implement custom Cloud solutions in more than a dozen verticals. From our portfolio of 40+ approved Cloud suppliers, we'll help you determine the right public, private or hybrid Cloud solution for your needs.


This post is by Ilene Berman, Senior Associate, Evidence-Based Practice Group at the Annie E. Casey Foundation (@AECFNews), Steve Fleischman (@swfleischman), Chief Executive Officer of Education Northwest (@educationnw), Ben Kirshner, Associate Professor of Education at University of Colorado at Boulder (@cueducation), and Esther Quintero (@EstherQuinCo), Senior Fellow at the Albert Shanker Institute (@shankerinst).
Today's post provides perspectives on the call for democratization of evidence outlined in last week's post: Democratizing Evidence in Education and Why it Matters.
In last week's blog post, we welcomed readers into a dialogue on what it would mean to democratize evidence in education. In this post, we consider how different stakeholders can shift their work as part of the movement to democratize evidence. Every stakeholder has a critical role to play. Teachers, administrators, researchers, philanthropies, policymakers, parents, and students can mobilize support within their communities to promote the four guiding principles through tangible action. Below, representatives of the research, educator, and philanthropy working groups share their calls to action.
As researchers, we are committed to ending the aristocracy of evidence, in which we get to decide which studies should be conducted, how they should be carried out and reported, and how they should be used to mobilize action that improves society. Ending this aristocracy will take more than making sure we use big enough fonts in our presentations, or writing shorter summaries in plain language, or even providing more action-oriented conclusions. Democratizing evidence will take a fundamental shift in the relationship between researchers and the researched. It means expanding who are recognized as producers of knowledge and the kinds of roles people play in the research process, particularly those from historically marginalized communities.
There are many models for doing this, ranging from participatory action research with young people, to research-practice partnerships with school leaders, to design-based research with classroom teachers. What these approaches share is the commitment to a democratic evidence system in which stakeholder voices are heard. This does not mean that deep knowledge of subject matter and methodology should be discounted. But this type of knowledge should be in conversation with the viewpoints and interests of stakeholders, whose participation can transform the public impact of research.
To meet this vision, we must act in more democratic ways, where power to shape research efforts is held widely, and those who have been traditionally disenfranchised from the research help shape its direction.
When the words "research," "evidence," or "data" come up in education discussions, many educators get wary. In some cases, their experiences with research and researchers have been less than ideal. Educators have felt voiceless and powerless with regards to what questions are asked and how they are answered, dismayed by the disconnect between their needs and the knowledge researchers produce, and even threatened by academic findings that have been misinterpreted in policy.
While educators and communities are the commoners of the old evidence system, there are reasons for optimism and signs that the tide is finally turning. More educators are eager to step up and expand their professional roles and to join like-minded academics and funders in the pursuit of a more democratic system for generating and using education evidence.
To this end, leaders aspire to nurture a culture of evidence use in their schools and districts, reward teacher-initiated research, and support teacher-researcher collaborations. As for teachers, they aspire to incorporate research as a tool of their professional learning, to design and conduct their own investigations, and to work with academic researchers to co-produce the body of knowledge that underpins the teaching profession.
By supporting innovations in research and data production and use, incentivizing inclusive engagement in evidence building ,and facilitating conversations that expand the traditional definition of "evidence," foundations are well-positioned to help answer the call to democratize evidence. Funders are investing in research-practice partnerships—collaborations between educators and researchers designed to investigate solutions for improving school district outcomes—to generate responsive and actionable research relevant to those working with young people every day. Along with government funders, private foundations support partnerships across the country and a national network to promote best partnership practices and information sharing. These partners have worked together to identify and tackle questions such as how attendance affects student achievement and how a school district can help 9th graders on the path to high school graduation.
By supporting ongoing collaborations such as these partnerships, funders position multiple stakeholders to learn together and create more effective approaches for students. Funders also recognize that more equitable, representative, and meaningful engagement in evidence building—from start to finish and in terms of who is funding and funded—helps to address real and pressing needs and multiple perspectives. Grant opportunities can encourage diverse engagement in the process. In addition to funding collaboration, philanthropy can shine a spotlight on issues important to youth leaders and community members. While philanthropy can make valuable contributions to this critical conversation, lasting change will require humility, acknowledgement of power dynamics, and a willingness to engage with new people and ideas.
These ideas are only the beginning, and we hope that other stakeholder groups who have a vested interest in and responsibility for decisionmaking in education will develop additional strategies that are meaningful for them.
We welcome you to join the democratization movement by signing onto the Statement of Principles and to also share your comments and input via the website.


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ABOUT The Grand Bayway
State Route 37, a low-lying commute route that skirts the northern edge of San Pablo Bay, is both traffic-choked and increasingly flooded due to sea level rise. Sitting atop a precarious levee that confines an immense but compromised marsh complex, Dr. Fraser Shilling of the UC Davis Road Ecology Center has observed, "the highway has the dubious distinction of constricting both traffic and tidal flows." The project considers a new future for this highway as an elevated scenic byway, creating an iconic "front door" to a vast ecological open space previously known to few. Accessible to cyclists, runners, kayakers, campers, and fishermen, the Grand Bayway will become a Central Park with more 21st century sensibilities for rapidly expanding North Bay communities.
Read the full Grand Bayway Report here
Watch the Grand Bayway Final Presentation
The project encompasses an area larger than San Francisco. It spans from Highway 37 and Mare Island to the south, across vast wetlands in varying states of recovery or inundation, to the Carneros wine county in the north. At the western edge is Sears Point Raceway sitting at the base of Cougar Mountain and to the east is the Napa River and the border of the city of American Canyon. The area has very limited access by foot or vehicle and, in fact, is easier to visit by boat on the tidal sloughs that interlace the marshes. As these areas have been manipulated for human use over the last 150 years, they have frequently been diked off from bay waters and tidal fluctuation. Highway 37 sits atop one of these levees. Large areas of the San Pablo Baylands were converted to agriculture in this way. Cut off from tidal exchange and watershed runoff, they gradually subsided due to soil depletion from farming and lack of natural sediment deposits – similar to what we see in the Mississippi Delta. Some zones are now 7-8 feet below sea level and the entire area is at risk of becoming open water and losing much of the ecological function and recreational value.
The project proposes to resolve the transportation problem of Highway 37 by designing a scenic causeway elevated on columns 20 feet high, allowing tidal flows and marsh migration to return to a natural condition. These same principles operate whether in the current Southern Alignment or moved to an alternative Northern Alignment, skirting the edge of stable uplands. The causeway is designed with the same ambition and flair as other iconic bay crossings but based on 21st century sensibilities for the natural environment and diverse transit types, not just vehicles. Rather than broad concrete platforms on a forest of columns, this design is based on the principles of scenic byway design, curving to open views over the Bay and marshes and oriented to natural landmarks. Lane directions as well as the Bay Trail are "unspooled" and flow independently like the sloughs they traverse, creating access to open space below. This level of investment in design and visibility for an ecological "Central Park" will return major value for the region, its identity, and its future. A great mobility loop will encompass the open space involving pedestrian and bike routes collocated with an excursion train using an existing freight line. Visitors will arrive at a variety of historic train stop ghost towns such as Buchli and Wingo, revived for cultural education using narratives of those who have lived with these lands in the past. The huge baylands complex is of course inextricably linked to the resolution of the highway. To prepare for rising sea levels, the project proposes to create an ecological laboratory working strategically with streams and diked sloughs to incrementally re-engage sediment deposits and cultivate biodiversity though various means including "sediment trains," hyper-accretion gardens, and floating wetlands.
Typical of San Francisco Bay in general, San Pablo Bay is structured by parallel rocky, fault-generated ridges and soft alluvial lands between them where water collects and flows. We're facing decades if not centuries of both coastal flooding and seismic liquefaction of soft ground – one incremental by nature, the other instantaneous. But current settlements in California are only 150 years old. We have a very short and rather unprepared track record. Flat and compliant, shoreline marshes and mud flats have been an easy place to construct infrastructure – highways, railroads, airports, and refineries. This project is about adapting our lives and our infrastructure within these fertile and biologically diverse lands frequently degraded by marginal human uses and unstable fill. These lands are also the home for many people including some of the most disadvantaged neighborhoods in the Bay Area who frequently have no voice in their own future. Shoreline communities and infrastructure are at the front line of sea level rise and seismic challenges throughout the Bay Area and around the entire Pacific Rim. City and regional leaders need a plan, not just for how to patch flooding problems, but for how to grow their cities along their shorelines by putting much more focus on people, habitat and healthy connections with the Bay.
TLS Landscape Architecture | Exploratorium | Guy Nordenson & Assoc | Michael Maltzan Arch| HR&A Advisors | Sitelab Urban Studio | Lotus Water | Rana Creek | Dr. John Oliver | Richard Hindle, UC Berkeley | Fehr & Peers Transportation Consultants
This project is far-ranging and ambitious, as it should be. So it will not be a simple matter of organizing funding and moving directly to permitting and construction. The first step will be to set up a task force involving key stakeholders and work probably for the next 12 months to establish a key set of agreed goals and criteria for moving forward. It will be key find areas of common ground and agreement between the environmental community and local transportation advocates. The focus of the work we have done to date is to explore key areas where design and holistic planning can help to find multi-dimensional solutions that go beyond single focus agendas. As we get our program fully in place and agreed, we'll need to seek State and local support from the Bay Area Council for a Joint Powers Authority with the charge of moving the overall project forward into permitting and CEQA review and the rest of the sequence toward construction. There should be a significant first phase – involving both ecological and transportation features – that will be a powerful credential for the mission and principles of the project and ability of this JPA to deliver. This first phase would likely involve one of the key gateway areas at the tip of Mare Island or at American Canyon / Napa Junction that will create strong, visible, and equitable connections between the communities of western Solano County and the Grand Bayway.We won't wait for the end of that process to create in the field. In the next month we hope to plan a "room for the river" project in collaboration with the Sonoma Land Trust and others to generate some relief for landowners in the area south of Schellville dealing with constant flooding and lack of levee maintenance. This and other "bottom up" type projects and interventions will let the community know tangible results are already being realized and worthy of their involvement.


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After making an appointment with us, one of our team members will come to your location and review your business to tell you what is and what isn't working. More importantly, they'll work with you on how to make it better. Please feel free to contact us today!


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Heinrich Rudolf Paul Karl Schoppen – nadburmistrz Łodzi w latach 1915–1917.

Był burmistrzem Gniezna (Oberbürgermeister) od 1905 roku. Od lutego 1915 roku był referentem do spraw komunikacyjnych i ekonomicznych Cesarsko-Niemieckiego Prezydium Policji w Łodzi. Po likwidacji Głównego Komitetu Obywatelskiego został mianowany najwyższym przedstawicielem cywilnej władzy administracyjnej w Łodzi. Powszechnie uznawany za wielkiego wroga Polaków.

Burmistrzowie Gniezna
Ludzie związani z Gnieznem (zabór pruski)
Niemcy związani z Łodzią
Urzędnicy Generalnego Gubernatorstwa Warszawskiego 1915–1918

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Letter to US Department of State in Support of Belarus
Step-by-step instructions and a letter template to reach out to Secretary Michael R. Pompeo and US Department of State. Please take this seriously and try to submit it ASAP as we need to continue our push to get our voices heard.
Файл с инструкциями и примером письма на английском и русском языках.
Step 1. Please submit the letter by going to the following page:
- Go to https://register.state.gov/contactus/ContactUsForm
- Fill out the form with your first and last name and email.
- Under Subject line, please use "Letter in Support of Belarus".
- In a Message box, copy-paste the letter (see the letter below), fill in Signatory Name (your first and last name).
- Enter the displayed code to authenticate your identity.
- Click 'Submit'.
Step 2. Optional: Once the forms have been submitted, please send an email to democracyforbelarus@gmail.com confirming your submission so we can track it. No other information is required.
Step 3. If you have technical difficulties and require assistance, please send an email to democracyforbelarus@gmail.com in English, Russian or Belarusian and we will get back to you within 24 hours. Please include your country of residence (state if in the US).
Step 5. Thank you for joining us in supporting free and fair elections and continued growth of democratic movements and institutions in Belarus! Please share this form as well as the letters with your friends and partners.
Letter for Submission
Dear Mr. Pompeo and the State Department Team,
As an American resident and a taxpayer, I am seeking the support of the United States government in light of the recent human rights crisis and significant deterioration of the political situation in Belarus. I appreciate the U.S. support to date along with the recent acknowledgement that the presidential election in Belarus was neither free nor fair. I am writing to urge the U.S. government to respond more strongly to the current events in Belarus.
As you know, peaceful protests erupted throughout Belarus following the announcement of the contested election outcome. The regime's security forces responded with a heavy crackdown. Police and army units used unnecessary and excessive force against largely nonviolent protestors, firing rubber bullets, using tear gas, throwing stun grenades, and in some cases, using live ammunition. The police also utilized ambulance vehicles to transport officers disguised as emergency responders.
Reports suggest that more than 7,000 people, including minors, were detained over several days following the election. This indicates a trend of large-scale arrests in clear violation of international human rights standards. Even more disturbing are the reported accounts of mistreatment and torture during and after detention. Hundreds of people have been injured, multiple civilians have died during the protests and in police custody, and dozens are still missing. Many protesters are facing criminal charges with multi-year sentences.
Starting on August 24, Belarusian authorities resumed arbitrary detentions and criminal investigations of activists and peaceful protesters, including by arresting more than 200 people on August 27. Members of labor unions and strike committees who participated in the protests were also targeted.
Journalists covering the demonstrations have been attacked. Over 100 reporters and bloggers have been detained, with criminal investigations opened against some of them. The government shut down the internet access on multiple occasions, and blocked many social media platforms, NGOs and news websites. These actions are an attack on freedom of expression.
Given the blatant human rights violations described above, I urgently call on you to:
Unequivocally condemn the Belarusian government's violent crackdown on peaceful protests and acknowledge the 2020 presidential election as illegitimate, such as by issuing a public statement.
Pressure the Belarusian authorities to:
ensure that the fundamental right of peaceful assembly is fully respected;
avoid the use of force against and refrain from criminal persecutions of peaceful protesters;
stop any interference with the right of freedom of expression; and
initiate criminal investigations against those responsible for excessive use of force.
Call for the immediate release of all political detainees.
Support Belarusians in demanding the resignation of former president Alexander Lukashenko and recognize Svetlana Tikhanovskaya as the new president-elect or call for new free and fair elections.
In case the above demands are not met, I urge you to implement the following measures:
Invoke and further enhance the Executive Order 13405, including by revoking the General License 2G issued on October 22, 2019, and by expanding the designated-persons list.
Invoke the Global Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act, including by processing on an expedited basis any referrals for imposing sanctions on persons responsible for gross violations of human rights from the appropriate parties.
In reliance on existing or new Executive Orders, institute asset freezes and entry bans on all human rights violators in Belarus, such as members of the election committees with confirmed election violations, members of the police and armed forces responsible for the violence against peaceful protesters, and members of the judiciary responsible for arbitrary rulings without due process.
Support sanctions against Russian state actors responsible for interference in the democratic processes in Belarus, as evidenced by the proliferation of Russian propaganda experts in Belarus and public offers of military assistance from the Russian government.
To prevent financing of the repressive apparatus in Belarus, cease all financial, charitable and technical assistance to the regime and impose a strict import ban on products made by state-owned enterprises. This freeze should include any additional Eurobond issuance by the Government of Belarus currently planned for 2021.
Appeal to the U.S. ambassador to Belarus to make a strong statement in support of human rights and democracy for Belarusian citizens.
Please stand with the majority of Americans in supporting free and fair elections and the continued growth of democratic movements and institutions in Belarus. Thank you for your time and consideration.
[Signatory Name]
If you have technical difficulties and require assistance, please send an email to
democracyforbelarus@gmail.com in English, Russian or Belarusian and we will get back to you within 24 hours. Please include your country of residence (state if in the US).
letter to state department
democracyForBelarus
release political detainees
resignation of president
stop violence
peaceful assembly


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Butch Engle & The Styx
08 Apr 2014 - Colin Nagy
From: Mill Valley, CA, USA
Butch Engel & The Styx were an American rock band formed in the early 1960s out of Mill Valley, California. Originally known as the showman, the band consisted of Butch Engle (vocals), Bob Zamora (lead guitar), Mike Pardee (organ), Harry "Happiness" Smith (bass), and Rich Morrison (drums). The band lasted for five years, releasing three singles over this period. In 2000, a compilation album featuring all of the band's recordings was released.
In 1964, The Showmen released their debut single, "You Know All I Want." It was in 1965 that the band changed their name to Butch Engel & The Styx. Their debut single not-withstanding, all of the band's songs were written or co-written by Ron Elliot of The Beau Brummels. According to Engle, "Ron, Sly Stewart (later known as Sly Stone), [and Autumn Records executives] Tom Donahue and Bobby Mitchell would choose which songs would go on [a Beau Brummels] album, and then we could take what we wanted from whatever was left". In 1966, Butch Engle & The Styx released their next single, "I'm A Girl," on the Warner Bros. Records subsidiary, Loma Records. The following year, they shortened their name to The Styx and released the single "Hey, I'm Lost." This is considered to be the band's strongest release. They would break up in 1968. In 2000, Sundazed Records released the compilation No Matter What You Say: The Best of Butch Engle & the Styx, a collection of all three of the band's singles. ~ Wikipedia
From the 1967 single "Hey, I'm Lost"
Hey, I'm Lost


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Latest in turkey
Oral Argument Preview: Turkiye Halk Bankasi A.S. v. United States (Halkbank)
Emma Svoboda Tue, Jan 17, 2023, 9:08 AM
The case raises novel questions of the FSIA's applicability, as well as the extent of foreign sovereign immunity within criminal law.
Read more about Oral Argument Preview: Turkiye Halk Bankasi A.S. v. United States (Halkbank)
Sweden's Challenging Road to NATO Membership
Naman Karl-Thomas Habtom Tue, Jan 17, 2023, 8:31 AM
Despite widespread support for a record-fast accession into NATO, Sweden's path to membership has been slow and contentious.
Read more about Sweden's Challenging Road to NATO Membership
The Lawfare Podcast: Turkey, NATO and Alliance Membership
David Priess Wed, Jul 6, 2022, 12:00 PM
Earlier this year, Finland and Sweden applied to join the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. But both of their applications were held up, due to an objection by Turkey. NATO being a mutual security alliance, any one member can prevent new countries from joining. To fully understand the background dynamics at play here and to explain the agreement that the three countries recently signed, allowing the applications to move forward, Lawfare Publisher David Priess spoke with two people who have covered Turkey from a multitude of angles.
Read more about The Lawfare Podcast: Turkey, NATO and Alliance Membership
Fault Lines: Return of the Ottomans?
Lester Munson Thu, May 6, 2021, 1:45 PM
The latest episode of Fault Lines
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What's Driving the Conflict in the Eastern Mediterranean?
Agneska Bloch, Israa Saber Mon, Jan 25, 2021, 8:01 AM
The dispute brings together intertwined disputes over energy sources, geopolitical dominance and domestic factors influencing policy toward Turkey.
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Crowdfunding the Women of the Islamic State
Vera Mironova Thu, Oct 29, 2020, 12:01 PM
There's a ton of online fundraisers for women affiliated with the Islamic State. Many of these fundraisers take place relatively openly on social media.
Read more about Crowdfunding the Women of the Islamic State
Turkey's Troubles in Idlib: Does Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty Hold the Answer?
Aurel Sari Mon, Mar 2, 2020, 2:59 PM
Since a lethal airstrike against Turkish forces in Syria on Feb. 27, speculation has been rife as to whether Turkey could request military assistance under Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty. At least for now, such speculation is misplaced.
Read more about Turkey's Troubles in Idlib: Does Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty Hold the Answer?
The Berlin Conference on Libya: Will Hypocrisy Undermine Results?
Jeffrey Feltman Fri, Jan 24, 2020, 9:00 AM
International actors committed to not interfere in Libya, but can they be held to it?
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International Law: LOAC
The Jus in Bello of White Phosphorus: Getting the Law Correct
Matthew J. Aiesi Tue, Nov 26, 2019, 8:00 AM
Focusing on the weapon, and not how it is being used, muddies the law and facts surrounding the circumstances in which a war crime may have occurred.
Read more about The Jus in Bello of White Phosphorus: Getting the Law Correct
How to Salvage Syria and Protect U.S. Troops
Michael O'Hanlon Fri, Nov 22, 2019, 8:19 AM
The United States still has some leverage to push for a deal.
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text:
Bird on a Wire (1990)
27 continuity mistakes
Directed by: John Badham
Starring: Bill Duke, David Carradine, Goldie Hawn, Mel Gibson
Genres: Action, Adventure, Thriller
All mistakes 3 audio problems27 continuity mistakes6 factual errors2 other mistakes2 plot holes7 revealing mistakes1 visible crew/equipment mistake Order by popularity Order chronologically Add a plot summary Add the ending Titles starting with B
Continuity mistake: Look at the station of the teller in the Racine bank. In the closest angles the pen by the calculator is at a perpendicular angle and touches the machine, while in the wider angles it is a bigger distance. (00:50:35)
Sammo
Continuity mistake: The cop giving chase to Rick and Muffy can't stand being stuck at the railway crossing and takes off. On the sidewalk, a little family (dad mom and baby in a stroller) has suddenly appeared. (00:40:20)
Continuity mistake: During the mistaken cash withdrawal at the teller, the lady descending the stairs in the background is at a different height in the different shots. (00:50:40)
Continuity mistake: When Diggs gets locked In the lion's cage, the light and shadow areas in the cage keep changing at every shot. (01:36:30)
Continuity mistake: Marianne Graves gets out of the limo at the beginning of the movie; the smoke in the chimney goes from left to right between shots. (00:02:50)
Continuity mistake: Goldie and Mel are on his boat at the end - Mel unfurls the sail to reveal the words "Mister Wiggly." Note that the words are printed at an angle: rising from left to right. Instantly the scene cuts and the words on the sail are printed at the opposite angle: lowering from left to right.
Kit Sullivan
Continuity mistake: When Goldie's boyfriend is watching surveillance video of the "bank robbery" Mel Gibson and Goldie Hawn are in the wrong positions and Mel Gibson's reaction to taking the security guards gun is all wrong.
More for Bird on a Wire
Continuity mistake: When Mel Gibson is getting the bullet pulled out of his backside, watch his trousers throughout the scene. First they're around his knees, then his ankles, then around his waist.
More mistakes in Bird on a Wire
Rick Jarmin: I haven't had a girlfriend for 5 years.
Marianne Graves: Really?
Rick: Yeah - Mr. Wiggly's been on bread and water for 5 years.
More quotes from Bird on a Wire
Trivia: When the agent pulls from the computer record Richard's file, an alias listed is "David Putnam - Columbia Pictures", employed from 06/04/1973 to 02/01/1975. That's an obvious reference to producer David Puttnam (two Ts), who had a brief stint as head of Columbia Pictures in 1986-87, not making many friends in the then Coca-Cola owned production company. (00:12:50)
More trivia for Bird on a Wire
Mistake & trivia booksMost popular pagesBest movie mistakesBest mistake picturesBest comedy movie quotesMovies with the most mistakesNew this monthFriends mistakesMax Payne trailerAce Ventura: When Nature Calls mistakesRob Lowe movies & TV showsAce Ventura: When Nature Calls quotes10 Things I Hate About You plotThe Addams Family endingA.I. Artificial Intelligence questionsAbout Last Night... triviaAlien mistake pictureMore for Bird on a Wire
Mel and Goldie board a ferry. A visible sign states 'Detroit-Racine Ferry'. Detroit is on the east side of the state of Michigan but Racine, Wisconsin is west of Michigan, across Lake Michigan. The only water route to get from Detroit to Racine would be to circumnavigate the entire state of Michigan.
Rick Jarmin: What does it matter to you - you're happily married?
Marianne Graves: I'm not.
Rick: Not happy?
Marianne: Not married.
When the agent pulls from the computer record Richard's file, an alias listed is "David Putnam - Columbia Pictures", employed from 06/04/1973 to 02/01/1975. That's an obvious reference to producer David Puttnam (two Ts), who had a brief stint as head of Columbia Pictures in 1986-87, not making many friends in the then Coca-Cola owned production company.


'70s fashion encompassed various different styles, the era was host to an array of trends, some of which are making it to the catwalks today. Whether that's flares, over-the-knee suede boots, folk-inspired printed dresses, turtle neck jumpers or denim dresses – we all probably have a few sat in our wardrobe, that we may have even purchased recently.
With mass-market trend-driven fashion starting to lift off, a variety of styles started to take shape. The hippie look, the rise of casual chic sportswear, disco, and of course punk. The '70s stressed individuality, the beginnings of expressing yourself with clothing. Vogue is famously quoted for saying that 'there were no rules in fashion anymore'.
Androgyny also played a big part, with silhouettes for both men and women becoming increasingly similar. Women started to wear trousers more than ever, and outfits for both genders consisted of a tight top half and a loose bottom half. With high-waisted trousers frequently being worn by both men and women. The '70s also saw the birth of anti-conformist fashion; jumpers, t-shirts, jeans and sneakers were making a grand appearance.
Though the white or ivory wedding dress, popularised by Queen Victoria, has stood the test of time due to its romantic nostalgia, wedding dresses of the '70s were rebelling. Bridal dresses were starting to change and evolve; from the classic long-line silhouette, to women opting for white jumpsuits or pantsuits. Following suit brides of today are now branching out and opting for colours, florals and a range of styles and lengths.
The '70s in particular had an interesting take on bridal wear. As man-made materials were a lot more accessible in the '70s, more and more brides were able to afford beautiful, extravagant gowns. High, modest, Victorian-inspired necklines were popular throughout this decade, as were long, flowing Camelot sleeves (which were loose at the top and tightly fitted at the wrist). Brides often teamed their long, voluminous gowns with full detailed trains for a dramatic effect.
Going with the theme of the '70s being all encompassing, where there was no dominant trend, wedding dresses ranged from hippie frocks to fairy-tale princess gowns, pantsuits to punk-influenced dresses. It also saw the revival of '30s and '40s silhouettes. Elements of Victorian and Edwardian fashion were also creeping back in, for that rustic feel.
Take a look at some famous examples below, whether the high-collared gown of Princess Anne or the ground-breaking suit worn by Bianca Jagger.
Far from the modest neckline we mentioned above, when actress Bianca Macias married Rolling Stones frontman Mick Jagger, she wore a tailored Yves Saint Laurent jacket, minus the blouse. Breaking the tradition, instead of your average veil, Bianca's was attached underneath a large, over-sized hat.
On her wedding day in London in 1973, the Queens only daughter Princess Anne wore this high-collared white silk gown with excessively long sleeves that were typical of the time. The Tudor-style, raised neck gown, with its feature medieval sleeves was an iconic wedding dress that encompassed the varied styles of the '70s.


PeppyPals is a digital EQ-game for children over three years of age. The children can learn all about empathy, emotions and collaboration. There is no right or wrong in the game, only positive feedback, humor and roleplaying.