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LewRockwell.com ANTI-STATE•ANTI-WAR•PRO-MARKET
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The Rousseau of the Right
By Thomas DiLorenzo
Rousseau's wish to free the current majority from all restrictions, to dissolve the people into a homogeneous mass, abolish decentralization, and remove representative institutions could not be in sharper contrast to American traditions of constitutionalism, federalism, localism, and representation.
~ Claes G. Ryn, America the Virtuous, p. 73
In his important book, America the Virtuous, Professor Claes Ryn of Catholic University makes the compelling case that Rousseau is the ideological inspiration for the neoconservative movement, which he calls the new Jacobinism. Rousseau conjectured that some nebulous "general will" of the people was always right, and therefore government should have absolute power over a highly centralized and militarized state, all in the name of promoting if not imposing "democracy."
It is not at all surprising, then, that another of the neocons' American idols is Alexander Hamilton, whom historian Cecelia Kenyon labeled "the Rousseau of the Right" (Cecelia Kenyon, "Alexander Hamilton, Rousseau of the Right," Political Science Quarterly, June 1958, pp. 161—178). The neocon love affair with "the Rousseau of the Right" was on display recently in a Sunday, April 25 New York Times book review of a new biography of Hamilton (Alexander Hamilton, by Ron Chernow) by Times op-ed columnist and house neocon David Brooks. Brooks is just wild about Hamilton, crediting him with nothing less than "creating capitalism." (He also seems gratified that the Chernow book supposedly does a "devastating destruction job on Thomas Jefferson").
Now, Alexander Hamilton can and should be admired for many things. But the one thing that Brooks says was his "greatest achievement"— his role as Treasury Secretary — should not be. Hamilton was a mercantilist. This was the corrupt system of political patronage and special privilege held into place by economic superstition in the Europe of Hamilton's day (and before). As such, he championed protectionism, corporate welfare, central banking, excessive excise and property taxation, and government debt. Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations was a critique and repudiation of mercantilism and a defense of capitalism. Brooks and Chernow have it all backwards when they write that these policies were capitalistic. In fact, they were just the opposite.
As Larry Schweikart writes in The Entrepreneurial Adventure: A History of Business in the United States (p. 63), Hamilton's central bank, the Bank of the United States (BUS) "brought out the mercantilist Hamilton" and "fit perfectly with the mercantilist view of using business in the service of government." (This was also the view of the Italian and German governments during the 1920s and u201830s). The BUS was thankfully disbanded by President Andrew Jackson after several decades of corruption, inflation, and political mischief making. It did serve, nevertheless, as a precursor of the Fed.
Far from being a champion of capitalism, Hamilton was a champion of economic interventionism. Historians have long thought of him as "among the most eloquent defenders of state activism in the economy," writes Schweikart (p. 61).
Hamilton championed and did more than anyone to create the national debt, arguing successfully that it should be created as a means of taking over the state debts that were incurred to finance the Revolution. (Brooks praises this has having "bound the states together" and centralized more power in the nation's capital). The reason Hamilton gave for the national debt, however, was that making property-owning taxpayers "reliant on the federal government for redemption of the debts they held would generate greater future support for federal taxation and centralization of financial policy. . . he wanted to make the wealthy dependent on the government so that in the future he could take more of their wealth!" (Schweikart, p. 61). He was a scheming plunderer, in other words, and the public debt was an integral part of his statist scheming.
Hamilton popularized the "infant industry" argument for protectionism, arguing that young industries needed to be protected from competition. Well, it turns out that industrial infants never grow up. Hamilton's protectionism has only led to the permanent infantilization of industry. For example, the 1861 Morrill Tariff was vigorously promoted by steel manufacturers and congressmen Thaddeus Stevens of Pennsylvania and Justin Morrill of Vermont because it "protected" steel from international competition. In keeping with the Republican Party's big-government roots, one of the first things President George W. Bush did upon taking office 140 years later, almost to the day, was to place 50 percent tariffs on steel, which he apparently believed had not yet grown up.
The Hamilton/neocon notion that the national debt is a "blessing" repudiates the thinking of most of the other founders on the issue. Government debt has always been an underhanded means of disguising the true costs of government to the public by forcing future generations to pay for government spending that benefits only the current population. It allows politicians to plausibly promise the public something for nothing by deferring the tax bill to future generations of taxpayers.
If you think Hamilton's idea of a national debt is a blessing, consider this: according to recent news reports the total U.S. federal debt is $7.2 trillion. In the past year alone, the Hamilton/Lincoln-loving neocon cabal that runs the Bush administration has increased the national debt by $700 billion, which equates to almost $100,000 for every second of every eight-hour working day according to financial advisor Sean Corrigan. This is more debt than was run up in the first 200 years after the Declaration of Independence. Some blessing.
Hamilton did as much as anyone to destroy his own political party, the Federalist Party, with his excessive taxation schemes. He persuaded Congress to impose the hated Whiskey Tax (to help pay for the states' debts, which the central government had assumed), which led to the Whiskey Rebellion in western Pennsylvania. The Official View of the Whiskey rebellion used to be that it was a successful example of the putting down of a rebellion or insurrection by George Washington himself, and therefore cemented into place the taxing power of the central government. But this view is now recognized as fallacious. In fact, virtually no whiskey taxes were ever collected, and despite Washington's show of force, no tax rebels were punished; all were given amnesty. Furthermore, the entire episode fueled the anti-tax mentality that was so prevalent during the Revolution, and helped elect Thomas Jefferson president in 1800. Jefferson abolished all of the hated federal excise taxes. (See Murray Rothbard, "The Whiskey Rebellion: A Model for Our Time.")
Hamilton created another tax rebellion with his national property tax. This time the rebellion was in Massachusetts. When some of the tax rebels were imprisoned a man named John Fries organized a march on the courthouse and freed the tax protesters. Fries was imprisoned and sentenced to be hanged for treason. President John Adams pardoned him despite the strongest of protests by Hamilton, who was the leading proponent of hanging Fries. (See Charles Adams, Those Dirty Rotten Taxes: The Tax Revolts that Built America, pp. 70-72). Early Americans despised taxation with representation as much as taxation without representation. Hamilton's tax-raising "activism" led directly to the death of the Federalist Party and the success of the Jeffersonians.
David Brooks also credits Hamilton with literally creating "the fluid capital markets that are today the engine of world capitalism." Well, not exactly. As Nathan Rosenberg and L.E. Birdzell, Jr. write in their treatise, How the West Grew Rich: The Economic Transformation of the Industrial World (p. 220): "The earlier stock exchanges . . . trace their origins to . . . the Amsterdam market, formed at the beginning of the seventeenth century," though there were also precedents in "Italy, France Spain, the Hanseatic towns, and . . . in German mines at the Leipzig fair as early as the fifteenth century." "In London, securities traders formed their own exchange in 1773. In New York, systematic trading was conducted on the street (literally), beginning in 1792."
Moreover, the large-scale trading of stocks in industrial corporations that Americans think of today was not invented by any one man, even a man as brilliant as Alexander Hamilton, but "traces its origins to trading in the trust certificates issued by the trusts of the 1880s" (Rosenberg and Birdzell, p. 223). The hated late nineteenth-century "trusts" invented the large-scale trading of stocks, not "the Rousseau of the Right."
Such fantasies are typical of the neocons or neo-Jacobins, as Claes Ryn would call them. They seem unaware of or unwilling to accept the fundamental idea that the civil society is the result of the peaceful efforts of many individuals who collaborate and cooperate for their own mutual benefit. It is not created by any one Great Central Planner. "Democracy" cannot be created by political fiat; the institutions of democracy evolved over many centuries. The same is true of the institutions of capitalism, as Rosenberg and Birdzell explain in painstaking detail.
David Brooks does hit the nail right on the head with regard to one point that he makes in his New York Times review. Hamiltonian mercantilism, which he confusingly labels the "activist, pro-market Hamiltonian tradition," was "later embraced by Henry Clay and the Whig Party, by the early Republicans in the age of Lincoln, and by Theodore Roosevelt-style progressives." This of course is one of the main themes of my book, The Real Lincoln: The North's victory in the War to Prevent Southern Independence was, among other things, a Triumph of Hamiltonian Mercantilism that led inevitably to so much government corruption that historian Mark W. Summers wrote an entire book about the period entitled The Era of Good Stealings!
The Best of Thomas DiLorenzo
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$bio: Dr. Thomas DiLorenzo [send him mail] is a senior fellow of the Ludwig von Mises Institute. His latest book is The Politically Incorrect Guide to Economics (Regnery, August 2022).
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[0] => Dr. Thomas DiLorenzo [send him mail] is a senior fellow of the Ludwig von Mises Institute. His latest book is The Politically Incorrect Guide to Economics (Regnery, August 2022).
Dr. Thomas DiLorenzo [send him mail] is a senior fellow of the Ludwig von Mises Institute. His latest book is The Politically Incorrect Guide to Economics (Regnery, August 2022).
Previous article by Thomas DiLorenzo: The Blockian School of Journalism
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Thus, if you are interested in blogging about library collection issues, just let us, um, me know. Steven Harris: srharris@unm.edu.
Welcome to Collection Connection: The Library Collection Management Blog. The name of the blog is Collection Connection, but our banner uses a typographic trick with an equal sign to suggest that collections are connections. As libraries move into new and uncertain territory, it becomes more important than ever that librarians make real and significant connections with library users and that the collections on our shelves (physical or virtual) serve tangible user needs.
The purpose of the blog is to present new ideas about library collections and to provide a forum to discuss changes in the practice of collection management and development. We look forward to exploring a wide range of collection issues with you.
Collection Connection is sponsored by the Collection Management and Development Section of the Association for Library Collections and Technical Services (ALCTS), a division of the American Library Association.


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Attorney-general deports two
By Staff Reporter June 29, 2018 10 69
Attorney-General Costas Clerides
Two third-country nationals were deported on the instructions of the Attorney-General Costas Clerides on Friday, both of whom had been accused of stealing.
A 23-year-old domestic worker who was suspected of stealing from her employer and arrested is being deported to India, her country of origin, after appearing before Paphos district court on Friday.
Police arrested the young woman on Monday to help with investigations.
A home owner from Konia, 63, who was the employer of the suspect, reported to police that the assistant left her home taking clothes worth €3,000, a diamond ring worth €5,000, and a pair of earrings valued at 500 pounds sterling.
The young woman denies stealing the objects.
The second person expelled is a 31-year-old Jordanian who was arrested on June 25 when he presented a fake Jordanian identity at Paphos airport.
He was suspected to have been involved in a burglary during which €43,000 worth of jewellery was stolen in Kato Paphos in 2013.
His case was heard in the Paphos court on Friday.
At the hearing, the attorney-general decided to deport him to Jordan as no evidence was found that the Jordanian man was involved in the theft.
For the same incident, four people have already been convicted. Each of them was sentenced to three and a half years in prison.
Cyprusdeportations
Manager's job has shorter shelf life than fresh milk
Turkey 'arrests former opposition lawmaker on terrorism charges'
Man jailed for six years for cocaine trafficking
George Psyllides January 20, 2020 January 20, 2020

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


If you pay too much for a stock, your return on investment won't be satisfactory. In the AAII world of Shadow Stocks—companies with some history of growth, little or no dividend yield and a small amount of the stock outstanding owned by institutions—you hope to profit mainly through appreciation in the price. You expect that earnings will grow over time and that later on you can sell the stock to someone else for more than you paid for it. The key word is "expect." Optimistic expectations can lead you to pay a share price that turns out to have been unrealistically high. The key question, then, is: What is a reasonable price?
Let me suggest one method of pricing. But first, let me comment on a theory of valuation which I don't recommend. This theory says that a stock is worth the present value of all its future earnings. I have found this idea useless in trying to establish an acceptable price for the shares of a company with growing earnings. It frequently turns out that the projected earnings, even after discounting, keep increasing, and you never know when to stop adding them up. So, the indicated price just keeps getting bigger. The system works fine for looking over a history of actual earnings, so that you could determine what would have been an acceptable price at the beginning of the history, but that doesn't help you now.
In fact, when you want to sell the stock, it will be exactly what someone will pay you for it—no more and no less. So, you have to guess what a stock of its type will be going for.
the annual earnings growth rate for the next five years.
The formula for this is derived in the accompanying box, and the equations in it are used in the explanation below. To see why this method is useful, let's look at some examples.
The example, though, assumes that the price-earnings ratio will be the same in five years. And it illustrates the point that you're in danger of paying too much for a stock if the price-earnings ratio is high when you buy it and low when you sell it.
The earnings haven't grown as fast as anticipated.
The company has grown—price-earnings ratios tend to be smaller for larger companies.
The supply of stock has grown.
Investors believe other investments will yield more.
The price of a stock five years from now can be estimated simply by multiplying the expected annual earnings by the expected price-earnings ratio. For XYZ, you might want to know what the price and your return on investment would be if the price-earnings ratio was not today's 25, but only 15 when you decided to sell. The answer, using equation 3: P = 15 × $2.49 = $37.35. The return on your $25 investment over five years would then be only 8%, quite a comedown from the 20% per year by which earnings are supposed to grow.
In this case, $25 may be too high a price to pay for the stock of XYZ. How about $20? Selling out at $37.35 in five years would bring you appreciation at the rate of 13% per year.
It's possible, of course, that you may underestimate the price-earnings ratio five years out—a rarer error. Suppose XYZ was the investor's dream: After five years, it seems capable of growing just as fast—the public's appetite for the stock is even greater, the company refrains from issuing more shares and the price-earnings ratio goes to 35. You could sell for 35 × $2.49 = $87.15, achieve a rate of return of 28% annually and experience the joy of expanding multiples.
If you start playing around with the table, doing expected return calculations for different possibilities, you may run into some results that startle you. Let me anticipate a few questions that may come up.
Can the answer be a negative expected return? You better believe it. The earnings growth hasn't been enough to overcome a decline in the price-earnings ratio.
Do you expect earnings to decline? No problem—just plug in the negative growth rate. Perhaps you judged that the price-earnings ratio will deteriorate. Try an earnings decline of 20% per year, for example, and a P/E dropping from 20 currently to 10 in five years.
ROI = 0.87(–20 + 100) – 100 = –30% per year.
On the other hand, perhaps the price is already low and the multiple may expand. Would an increase in the price-earnings ratio from a current 5 to 10 in five years be enough to offset the earnings decline of 20% per year?
ROI = 1.15(–20 + 100) – 100 = –8% per year. Answer: No.
Does the firm have negative earnings or no earnings? Consider using a sales-based instead of an earnings-based projection, as suggested by Kenneth Fisher in his book "Super Stocks" (Dow Jones-Irwin, 1984; reissued 2007) to value companies that are losing money now but may become profitable.
= 4.4% per year expected return.
May you avoid overpriced stocks and find underpriced ones.
The article was written by AAII member C.R. McEwen for the October 1986 issue of the AAII Journal.


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Home Open Access Research-Driven Organizations Reduce Document Delivery Costs with Open Access (OA) Filter from...
Research-Driven Organizations Reduce Document Delivery Costs with Open Access (OA) Filter from Reprints Desk
Reprints Desk, Inc. announced today the launch of a new Open Access (OA) filter for the company's document delivery service that is used by research-driven companies and institutions to acquire single copies of scholarly, peer-reviewed journal articles. The OA filter sends customers to the source and supplements other Reprints Desk order filtering capabilities for subscription, token, print collection, and workgroup repository content, employing a dynamic process-driven approach to identify OA content rather than a data-driven one that may have limitations in coverage and accuracy.
"The first rule of document delivery is to help customers avoid unnecessary document delivery expenditures. We have made significant system improvements over the last year with those customer savings specifically in mind," said Peter Derycz, Reprints Desk President and CEO. "The new service feature for finding Open Access articles on the Internet does just that for larger research-driven companies who switch to Reprints Desk. It aids smaller organizations in the same way, but also delivers much needed cost controls and time savings so they can safely transition to end user self-servicing."
Open access (OA) is the practice of providing unrestricted online access to scholarly, peer-reviewed journal articles and increasingly other content types. According to the results of one study, Open Access is responsible for roughly 20% of the total output of peer-reviewed articles published. Other recent developments include Research Councils UK (RCUK) announcement that beginning in April 2013, scientific papers must be made free to access within six months of publication if they come from work paid for by one of the United Kingdom's seven government-funded grant agencies, which spend billions of dollars each year on research.
Corporations, academic institutions and government organizations use document delivery as a legal method for retrieving single copies of full-text papers from scholarly peer-reviewed journals when subscription access does not exist. Reprints Desk has held lone honors as the top-rated document delivery supplier in every document delivery market research survey conducted by information analyst and advisory firm Outsell, Inc., since 2008. Reprints Desk was founded by Peter Derycz, a pioneer in the document delivery business since 1987 when he originally founded Infotrieve, Inc.
For more information, visit www.reprintsdesk.com.


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In 1997 Devonport Community Baptist Church began in the hearts of a group of individuals from Mutley Baptist Church, Plymouth, and grew into a vision of mission and outreach in the Mount Wise and Devonport area. Seven people came together to form a prayer meeting that began the process of a church plant. Very soon, the local council invited the leaders of Mutley Baptist Church to plant a church in the Devonport area. At the same time we were given funding for a the training of a new pastor, Nathan Fisher, by an anonymous gift.
The church held it's first service on 20th September 1998 and given the use of the Neighbourhood Centre in Mount Wise and it was known then as Mount Wise Baptist Church. After a year the church had outgrown the centre and temporarily moved to a local primary school before moving to it's present meeting place, Welcome Hall and became Devonport Community Baptist Church.
Rev Nathan Fisher was one of the founding members of DCBC. He trained at Bristol Baptist College and began at DCBC as a student pastor. He became our full time pastor after his ordination. Nathan pastored DCBC for 11 years before he was diagnosed with cancer and sadly died in May 2010.
With help from Monty Wills a formally retired minister and interim pastor Malcolm Hunter, the church is coming through this period heartened and focused.
A new chapter started in July 2012 with the appointment of Michael Shaw. The church has seen up's and down's since, but remains in Devonport to serve the people of Devonport, Stoke and Plymouth.


Stay-up bands can be uncomfortable and don't always stay in place. Proper sizing can be a big problem too. This is due to the fact that thigh diameters come in a wide range of sizes that can make a comfortable fit difficult to achieve. This consumer dissatisfaction has relegated stay-ups to special occasion use instead of every day wear. These challenges have kept the category small and innovation has been stagnant until now!
New single layer top band construction makes the top band invisible in stay-ups and thigh-highs.
Garment knitted from top band to toe with one yarn, so the extra steps needed to knit the lace top band, color match the yarn and sew it on are eliminated.
Top band construction limits rollover and stays in place with less dig in and no muffin top effect.
A single line application of silicone goes directly onto each finished garment.
Uses any type of LYCRA® fiber for hosiery in every course (preferred) or alternate course.
Patent-pending single layer construction can be knitted using any LYCRA® fiber for hosiery and using standard knitting machines.
New construction eliminates the extra step of sewing on the top band as well as the extra material—Simplification of the production process.
Eliminates color matching challenges because it's a knitted in one piece.
Knitting construction creates a garment that fits a variety of leg sizes (possibly cutting down on SKUs).
Add value to your stay-ups and drive sales downstream by leveraging the power of the LYCRA® brand name and its history of quality and innovation.
Sell stay-ups that really stay up without rollover, dig in or muffin tops.
Increase consumer satisfaction, brand loyalty and sales by offering stay-ups with all-day comfort, flexible fit and lasting performance.
Attract millennials and new consumers who don't usually wear hosiery but would be willing to try something new that underlines their style.
Improved garment performance will create new wearing opportunities for consumers leading to repeat purchases.
Extends the hosiery season into the summer months and increase sales.
Reinvigorate the stay-up category with exciting news that's not related to design or color.
Unique garment construction frees designers to be more creative and stretch their imagination.
New construction eliminates sewn on band and seams that often cause wearer discomfort.
Add value to collections and differentiate your stay-ups by eliminating two major causes of consumer dissatisfaction: top band discomfort and fit and band does not stay in place.
Leverage LYCRA® brand power on packaging to increase purchase intent using pictograms that describe key performance benefits.
Enjoy stay-ups that actually stay up all-day long while providing lasting comfort and fit.
Top band offers second-skin comfort and is less visible thanks to its single-layer band.
Experience less dig in and no muffin top. Stay-ups made with LYCRA® MADE TO FIT YOU technology adjust to fit a wide range of thigh sizes so you can find your perfect fit.
Over 85% of participants in a global wear test experienced reduced red marks or no marks at all.
Performance benefits are permanent and don't wash out.
To learn more about LYCRA® MADE TO FIT YOU technology, see its launch at LYCRA® FIBER MOVES™ 5, visit the product page, or contact Katharina Doernfeld.


Description: The ''Jade'' floor plan under construction in South Wind phase of Bluewater Rise. Builder offering 2% buyers closing cost assistance with use of preferred closing attorney Steve Bell. This impressive floor plan features plenty of room for the growing family. 1st floor master bedroom, granite counter tops & covered back porch. Quick commute to Cherry Point MCAS and Downtown New Bern. 1.5 miles from Creekside Elementary School.


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Avenida México es el nombre que recibe una arteria vial en el Municipio Libertador al oeste del Distrito Metropolitano de Caracas y al centro norte del país sudamericano de Venezuela. Fue bautizada así como su nombre lo indica en honor a México.

Descripción

Se trata de una vía de transporte carretero que conecta la Avenida Universidad cerca de la Plaza Parque Carabobo con la Avenida Libertador a la altura del Hotel Alba Caracas.
En su recorrido también se vincula con la avenida Sur 23, Avenida Sur 19, Avenida Sur 17, Avenida Sur 15, Avenida Sur 13, atravesando partes de los sectores de Bellas Artes y Quebrada Honda. Entre los puntos de interés que destacan en sus alrededores, se pueden citar el Ministerio Público, el Paseo Anauco, el Liceo Andrés Bello, la Galería de Arte Nacional, el Mercado de Economía Popular Bellas Artes, la estación de Metrobús de Caracas Bellas Artes, la estación de metro Bellas Artes, la torre Bellas Artes, el edificio Tequendama, el edificio Radio Continente, el Banco Industrial de Venezuela, el Desarrollo Habitacional "Gigante de la Patria", el Patronato San José de Torbes, la plaza de los Museos, y la Universidad Nacional Experimental de las Artes.

Véase también
 Avenida Perimetral (Tucupita)
 Autopistas y avenidas de Caracas

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Mapa de localización

Avenidas de Caracas
Transporte de Caracas
Municipio Libertador (Caracas)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Tchobanoglous, G., H. Theisen, and R. Eliassen. 1977. Solid wastes: Engineering principles and management issues. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Tchobanoglous, G., H. Theisen, and S. Vigil. 1993. Integrated solid waste management. McGraw-Hill, Inc.
---. 1993. Integrated solid waste management: Engineering principles and management issues. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Tuttle, K.L. 1986. Combustion generated particulate emissions. National Waste Processing Conference, Denver, 1986. ASME.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1976. Decision makers' guide in solid waste management. 2d ed. Washington, D.C.: U.S. EPA.
Vesilind, P.A. and A.E. Reimer. 1980. Unit operations in resource recovery engineering. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
Walsh, P. and P. O'Leary. 1991. Evaluating a potential sanitary landfill site. Waste Age 22, no. 8: 121-134.


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Amazon, Breaking, Business, Entertainment, Hardware, Mobile, News, Tablets, VR World
Is Amazon Saving the Tablet Market?
March 15, 2016 March 15, 2016 Kevin Parrish
ABI Research reports that Amazon has set the tablet market "ablaze" thanks to the launch of its $50 Fire Tablet. The device was released in late September 2015, sporting a 7″ display, a 1.3 GHz quad-core processor, and 8 GB of internal storage. Even more, it features a microSD card slot allowing the owner to beef up the internal storage to a massive 136 GB (total). Amazon evidently expects customers to download media left and right from the company's various online services.
According to ABI Research, Amazon took a big chance by launching the tablet with such a low price point. The move was a "calculated risk," one that the company could clearly make financially as it shifts its primary focus away from hardware sales and on recurring digital content sales like music, movies and TV shows. Perhaps even more important was the launch of Fire for Kids, which is a $79.99 version of the $49.99 tablet with a child-proof case and a child-proof warranty. That's right – Amazon is offering child-proof warranty and perhaps this is the reason why Fire sits on #1, #2 (Fire for Kids Blue) and #3 (Fire for Kids Pink) spots for best-selling 'Computers & Accessories'.
Are Fire for Kids tablets the reason why sales of Amazon tablets exploded?
"Unlike other tablet manufacturers, Amazon views hardware as a commodity and emphasizes focus on its recurring digital content revenue stream, generated from selling digital books, music, TV, and video programming to owners of its devices," says Jeff Orr, Research Director at ABI Research. "The incredibly low pricing of the Fire Tablet is a smart and strategic move, as few others can afford to accept a lower margin on their tablet devices in favor of driving a surplus of content-related revenues."
Fire Table is powered by Amazon's new Fire OS 5 operating system, which currently does not offer device encryption. However, the company recently said that it plans to bring encryption back to the platform in an upcoming update. Files will not automatically be protected: users must manually set the encryption feature to protect sensitive information like passwords and credit card numbers.
Did Amazon's move to offer a $50 tablet pay off? ABI Research reports that the company sold 5.0 million units in 4Q 2015 compared to the 1.5 million tablets it sold in the same quarter back in 2014. All in all, Amazon sold 7.6 million units in calendar year 2015, but it still fell short when compared to the units pushed by Apple, Samsung, and Lenovo.
In a chart provided by the research firm, Apple sold 49.6 million units in calendar year 2015, followed by Samsung with 34.1 million units, Lenovo with 11.5 million units, Huawei with 7.7 million units, and Amazon with its 7.6 million units. Amazon was actually one of two companies that saw tablet growth in 4Q 2015, the other being Huawei with 2.3 million units sold in that quarter compared to 1.3 million units sold in 4Q 2014.
"Most tablet vendors continue to take a wait-and-see approach to Amazon's Fire Tablet release," continues Orr. "It's a path only few can follow, as vendors without content distribution rights and value-added services can only rely on the transaction price of their hardware to stay in business. For instance, LeEco, formerly LeTV, in China is attempting a similar model. Conversely, content owners may find value in broadening their ecosystems by striking relationships with tablet vendors to get their programming in front of more users."
Amazon's $50 Fire Tablet is supposedly nearly two times more durable than the latest iPad Air tablet from Apple, and has both front-facing and rear-facing cameras. The tablet also sports Amazon-exclusive features like the Amazon Underground app store, an Activity Center for kids who have outgrown Amazon FreeTime, X-Ray, Second Screen, and more. Customers can purchase this tablet in a six-pack for $250.
Although there's talk in the industry that the tablet sector is growing stale, ABI Research's latest discovery shows that consumers are looking for a quality solution for a relatively low price. Amazon has indeed taken a bold move, one that seems to be paying off as more cheaply-priced Windows 10-based solutions are saturating the computing market with various high-performance form factors.
Tags: AAPLABI ResearchAmazonAMZNAppleFire for Kidsfire Tabletkids-proofresearchsamsungtablet for childrenTablet for KidsTablets
March 15, 2016 March 15, 2016 0
By Kevin Parrish
Tech and gaming journalist who can't seem to figure out the Moonwalk.
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How to cite a review in mla format workscited4u. How to Identify Common Nitidulid Beetles Associated with Oak Wilt Mats in Minnesota. Follow the last name with a comma and then the first. If the motion picture is widely available, list the country of origin and the name of the distributor. News and World Report 10 May 1999: 78+. And finally there is no in-text citation format for the because footnotes and endnotes are utilized with this guide instead. Jane the Virgin: Season 1.
How do I cite information about a movie from a Web site like IMDB?
Issue 1 may have page numbers 1-234, Issue 2 235-356, etc. How to cite a film moviefirst mlast. Follow this with the date of the video upload and the full website link. Include the last name followed by the first. After that, the name of the studio need to follow then the comma and year when the movie was released then followed by a period.
How Do You Cite A Movie In MLA?
Title of the film or video. Formatting style and citation overview A prerequisite to citing anything is a format and guideline to follow. Place of publication: Group responsible for publication, date of publication. Their writers will definitely help you with your assignment and cite all necessary resources correctly. The format for notes slightly differs as well.
Tom Hanks, Michael Duncan Clarke, James Cromwell, David Morse, and Bonnie Hunt. In some cases, it might be helpful to your reader to have the print information for an item you accessed electronically. For example: A Midsummer Night's Dream. When citing a part of an online book, place the title of the part between the author's name and the title of the book. If the article is not printed on consecutive pages, write only the first page number followed by a + sign.
Instead of struggling to decipher and record an exact statement, a keyword search in the work's transcript can just as easily provide the same results. Thus, this guide also provides some examples of commonly cited sources. All quotes surrounded by quotation marks need to be the exact words that have been spoken in the film. Mla in text citations for media sources parkland college. Interview When citing an interview you conducted, use the following format: Name of person interviewed.
It may be helpful to become familiar with all the styling guides to make things easier for you in the long run, but typically you'll just need to know the details of the one being requested of you, when preparing your paper or for publication. These names need to be placed in italics. Adding in an Endnotes and Works Cited section makes it even easier to keep track of your sources. Cite the date for the format you used only. ProQuest Historical Newspapers: The New York Times, search.
The second example is writing about Gina Rodriguez's performance in a particular episode that was watched online during the season. Do not use italics or quotation marks. New York Times 10 May 2011: 15. Date of access day, month, and year. If all or part of the publication information is missing, use N.
How to cite a film mla citation guide bibme. You may include other information such as the names of the writer, actors, producer, etc. . Put the title in quotations. When obtaining a movie or film quote save some time by not watching anything at all. Wright , Will and Steven Kaplan , eds. Date of access day, month, and year.
Also your citation may be altered based on whether or not you provide a signal phrase or include the full reference in the text of your paper as oppose to using parenthetical citations. That is why you should be very attentive writing essays and always cite all sources you used in your paper. Author or editor's name if given; if editor is mentioned, include ed. A full stop has to be placed after the movie title. Citing film in mla format youtube. Any producers, actors, and other movie crew and members need to be included in the in-text citations. Department of English and Program of American Studies, University of Minnesota, 23 Aug.


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Ctenolepisma longicaudatum, generally known as the gray silverfish, long-tailed silverfish or paper silverfish, is a species of Zygentoma in the family Lepismatidae. It was described by the German entomologist Karl Leopold Escherich in 1905 based on specimens collected in South Africa, but is found worldwide as synanthrope in human housings.

In recent years, gray silverfish have increasingly become an issue in indoor environments in Europe, especially in newly built houses with a stable climate beneficial for the growth and reproduction of this species. As a food generalist with the ability to digest the cellulose contained in paper and cellulose-based textiles like rayon, Ctenolepisma longicaudatum is considered a pest species in cultural heritage institutions like libraries and archives.

Nomenclature
Most authors have historically treated the nomenclatural gender of Ctenolepisma as feminine, but in 2018 the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature issued a formal ruling (ICZN Opinion 2427) stating the gender of Lepisma (and all genera with that ending) is neuter, following ICZN Article 30, which resulted in changes to the spelling of several well-known species, including Ctenolepisma longicaudatum (formerly longicaudata).

Description

The nymphs and adults are slender, agile, fast-moving insects with long, paired antennae and three long appendages at the posterior abdomen: a pair of cerci and the single central epiproct. Apart from the earlies instars, the body is covered with scales, giving the light- to dark greyish animals a glimmering appearance. With their brushes and bristles along the body sides, gray silverfish somewhat resemble the related firebrats.

The eyes consist of twelve stemmata, which are rather more rounded in early instars.

Developmental stages
The eggs have an oval shape with dimensions of about 1.15 x 0.83 mm. Two to twenty eggs are laid per lot, and they are normally deposited about 2 mm into crevices or cracks, or under the edge of paper. Freshly laid eggs are smooth and cream-coloured; after three days the chorion turns yellow and exhibits shallow reticulate markings.

First instar nymphs have a special hatching organ on the frons of the head that helps them break free from the egg shell; this organ is shed with the first moulting. The air-filled crop pulsates vigorously in the hatching process, which takes about five minutes. The hatched first instar nymphs have a pale cream body colour and lack hairs and scales, the appendages are short and soft, and the anus seems to be closed.

The 2nd instar nymphs exhibit a firmer, darker cream sclerotisation, and the longer appendages can be freely vibrated. A few bristles mark the position where the "brushes" of the mature stages will be. This number of bristles increases with subsequent moultings, and the bristle pattern might be indicative for each instar.

The 3rd, very active instar shows the body colour pattern of the succeeding instars: a dark cream colour with the edges of the thoracic terga and the anal lobes tinted purple.
The first three instars also have an increasing number of tarsal segments, by which they can be distinguished: the 1st instar has legs with two tarsal segments, whereas the 2nd instar exhibits three-segmented tarsi on the metathoracic pair of legs. The 3rd instar exhibits the three-segmented tarsi of all following stages.

In the 4th instar, the first pair of styli appears on the ninth abdominal sternum, as well as the scales covering the body.

Instars five to seven exhibit no particular distinguishing characters.

In the 9th instar, the second pair of styli appears on the eighth abdominal segment in males; in female, these appear in the 11th instar.

The genitalia first appear in the 8th nymphal instar, developing from two small lobes on the intersegmental membrane at the base of the cleft in the ninth sternum. The shape of this cleft, which first appears in the second instar and becomes more pronounced until the eighth instar, allows the distinction of the sex. A small cleft in the female's eighth sternum, which develops in early instars and completely divides this sternum in later instars, further facilitates sex determination.

The genitalia lobes remain short in males until the shape of the penis can be distinguished in the 11th nymphal instar, when the internal reproductive organs will also have developed, including seven large testicles. The two short vasa deferentia, which fuse immediately anterior to the penis, are thin-walled and slightly dilated at their distal ends; they lengthen in the next instar and form two loops between the two cercal nerves. The seminal vesicles form in the 13th instar, when also the penis reaches is final adult form by the ventral fusing of its rolled edges.

In comparison to males, the female's genitalia lobes elongate in succeeding moultings. In the 10th nymphal instar, a second, anterior pair of lobes develops from the intersegmental membrane between abdominal segments 8 and 9 and extends to the ninth sternum's cleft in the 11th instar. In the following 12th instar, both pairs of genitalia lobes are almost of equal length. In the 13th instar, the ovipositor of the adults is formed by fusion and interlocking of the posterior lobes with the anterior ones. The complete ovipositor extends circa 1.2 mm beyond the sternum. The spermatheca first appears in the 10th instar as a short lobe directed anteriorly from the gonophyses. In the 12th instar the two side sacs and the central neck are still thin-walled and rather undifferentiated, whereas in the following 13th instar, well-marked, soft walls have formed. The internal reproductive organs are developed until the 13th instar, although the accessory glands and the "yellow" glands still lack pigmentation and the ovarioles contain not yet differentiated ova.
From the 14th instar on, no further development apart from a gradual increase in size takes place.

At 24 °C, eggs hatch after 34 days, and nymphs develop to the 13th instar within 11 months, with sexual maturity probably reached at 18 months of age. Gray silverfish can reach ages of about eight years, and unlike the hemi- and holometabolous insects, the ametabolous silverfish undergo further moultings even as imagines, with three to five moults per year.

Digestive tract
Gray silverfish have a simple digestive tract, consisting of a hypopharynx, a large, thin-walled crop (with the same pH as the ingested food) that occupies more than half of the body length, followed by the toothed gizzard, the mid-intestine, anteriorly (pH 4.8–5.4) with sacculi and further posteriad (pH 6.4–7.0) with a peritrophic membrane enclosing the ingested food mass, the hind intestine (pH 2.6–3.8) with an anterior dorsal loop and ending in the rectum, with the anus being surrounded by two rows of papillae. The anterior region of the midgut exhibits gastric caeca, bladder-like extensions that absorb the nutrients of the digested food. Histologically, the midgut epithelium consists of a single layer of columnar cells that border the midgut lumen with a brush border membrane. Interspersed in the midgut epithelium are nests of stem cells. The surface of hind intestine and rectum is greatly increased by deep longitudinal folds, presumably extracting water from the faeces. The hypopharynx is flanked by a pair of large salivary glands which open into its lumen.

The mid-intestinal cells of early instars are already as differentiated as in mature stages, and the gizzard is of the same form, although with fewer serrations and hairs on the teeth. The malpighian tubules are relatively large until approximately the twelfth larval instar.

Biology

Diet
Ctenolepisma longicaudatum is a synanthrope in human housings, and its natural food sources are unknown so that information on the biology of this species comes from indoor observations and rearings. Gray silverfish feed on a wide spectrum of substrates, ranging from plant remains like dried grass over insect remains to bread crumbs, paper, and artificial silk and cotton fabrics. They also eat cast skins from previous moults, as they prove rich in nutrients, containing 1% of the fat and 6% of the nitrogen stored in the body. Gray silverfish will not feed on wool felt, flannel, carpet, fur felt and natural silk. Paper made from mechanical pulp is not attacked, and that from Kraft and Esparto pulps is slightly attacked; only paper produced from (bleached or unbleached) sulphite pulps is readily eaten. Paper consisting of 80% sulphite pulp and 20% mechanical pulp greatly reduces the attack by gray silverfish as compared to 100% sulphite pulp paper. Papers with 45% or more of mechanical pulp content are not attacked. Starvation experiments showed that gray silverfish can survive without food for up to around 250 to 300 days.

While Lindsay (1940) states that gray silverfish do not actively take up (i.e., drink) water, but obtain it from the ingested food and from oxidation of food, Heep (1967) shows that free, dyed water is taken up into the gut by dehydrated gray silverfish. Dehydrated C. longicaudatum are able to replenish their body water content from the water vapour in air of 60 to 100% relative humidity.

Rearing
For rearing purposes, gray silverfish nymphs and adults can be fed on tissue paper, gummed paper, artificial silk, ground whole wheat and yeast, or oat flakes. The related firebrat, Thermobia domestica, can be fed whole wheat or plain flour; thoroughly dried and pulverised meat can be used as a strong attractant.

In a dry environment, gray silverfish will die within one month, therefore a high humidity of 70–85% must be maintained under rearing conditions, e.g. through open containers of water next to the rearing containers. In addition, a moist cotton wick or a shallow tray of sand that has to be kept always damp might be provided in the rearing containers. The cultivation temperature should be around 24 °C.

For egg deposition under rearing conditions, cotton wool can be provided. Since silverfish are nocturnal and photonegative, the light regime for a successful culture should be kept in favour of darkness, e.g. eight hours of light and 16 hours of darkness.

Reproduction
Reproduction is slow, as gray silverfish reach sexual maturity at the age of two to three years. They will reproduce for at least three years. The related firebrat reproduces only once a year and in irregular intervals.

Attractants
In the past it was assumed that gray silverfish use a contact pheromone for aggregation and arrestment, and that the aggregation pheromone of the Lepismatidae species Lepisma saccharinum (common silverfish) and Thermobia domestica (firebrat) has the same effect on the gray silverfish. Later research, first conducted on the firebrat Thermobia domestica, indicated that aggregation behaviour is not triggered by pheromones, but by an endosymbiotic fungus, Mycotypha microspora (Mycotyphaceae), and an endosymbiotic bacterium, Enterobacter cloacae (Enterobacteriaceae), which are present in the faeces. It was also shown that firebrats detect the presence of E. cloacae based on its external glycocalyx of polysaccharides, most likely based on its D-glucose component. Mycotypha microspora is only detected by firebrats in the presence of cellulose, suggesting that metabolites of the enzymatic cellulose digestion by M. microspora (such as D-glucose) serves as the aggregation/arrestment cue. In a follow-up study, it was shown that gray silverfish also respond with arrestment to Mycotypha microspora.

Natural enemies
Two species of Ctenolepisma are known to be parasitised by Strepsiptera: C. ciliatum is parasitised by Mengenilla chobauti, and C. michaelseni by Mengenilla parvula. It is not known as of yet, whether the gray silverfish is also parasitised by Mengenilla or other strepsipterans.

Two species of gregarine parasites are recorded from the intestinal tract of the gray silverfish: Garnhamia aciculata and Lepismatophila ctenolepismae. The related Ctenolepisma lineatum contains on average 15 specimens of parasitic Apicomplexa per animal in their intestinal tract, especially the crop.

The spitting spider Scytodes thoracica preys on Lepismatidae like the gray silverfish.

Distribution
The natural distribution of the gray silverfish is unknown, since all observations are from within or near human dwellings.

The gray silverfish is recorded from the following European countries:

 Albania
 Austria: first record from a museum depot in Vienna in 2002
 Belgium: oldest record from 1998
 Bulgaria
 Cyprus
 Czech Republic: first record from 2017
 Denmark: first record in 2017
 Faroe Islands: recorded in 2017
 Finland
 France
 Germany: oldest record from Hamburg in 1906, where live specimens were intercepted from Echinocactus plants imported from Mexico
 Greece
 Ireland
 Italy: first record 1908 from Italy as misidentification C. ciliatum var. dives
 Lithuania
 Luxembourg
 Malta
 Netherlands: oldest record from 1989
 Norway: oldest confirmed records 1979 from the Zoological Museum of Oslo, and 2006 from Bærum, officially registered for the country in 2014
 Portugal
 Russia
 Slovakia
 Slovenia
 Spain
 Sweden: present since 1994
 Switzerland
 Ukraine
 United Kingdom: record from 2014

African countries with records of the gray silverfish:

 Algeria
 Botswana
 Egypt
 Malawi: oldest record from Blantyre in 1908
 Morocco
 Mozambique: oldest record from Beira in 1912
 Namibia: oldest record from 1933
 Seychelles
 South Africa: first record 1905 from Bothaville, the type locality of the gray silverfish
 Zimbabwe

American countries and regions with records of the gray silverfish:

 Argentina
 Brazil: oldest record from Santos in 1908
 Canada
 Colombia
 Cuba
 Ecuador
 El Salvador
 Mexico
 Panama
 Paraguay
 Peru: oldest record from Callao in 1908
 Puerto Rico
 Trinidad and Tobago
 United States: Florida, Louisiana, North Carolina, Missouri, Illinois, Hawaii, southern California (first(?) record 1955 from Pacific Beach)

Asian countries and regions with records of the gray silverfish:

 Afghanistan
 Armenia
 Bangladesh
 China: Hong Kong
 India
 Israel
 Japan
 Lebanon
 Malaysia
 Philippines
 Singapore
 South Korea
 Thailand
 Turkey

Oceanian countries with records of the gray silverfish:
 Australia: oldest record from 1905
 New Caledonia
 New Zealand
 Vanuatu

Damage of cellulose-based materials
The gray silverfish is able to feed on paper and similar materials comprising cellulose. In a comparative screening for cellulolytic activity, the gray silverfish was found to have the highest relative cellulase activity, by far exceeding that of other cellulose-digesting insects like Conocephalus strictus (Orthoptera), the termite Reticulitermes flavipes (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae), Cryptocercus roaches (Blattodea: Cryptocercidae) and Scolytinae bark beetles (Coleoptera).

The highest activity of plant cell wall degrading enzymes is found in the head and especially in the foregut of the gray silverfish. Endoglucanase, which breaks down the cellulose chain into smaller fragments, is found in both the head and foregut part of the digestive tract, whereas β-glucosidase, which catalyses the final degradation into glucose, is present in the foregut, but not in the head tissue; β-xylosidase activity is very low in the head, but the enzyme is present in the foregut. Polygalacturonase activity is not observed in C. longicaudatum. A cellulose-rich diet does not increase the cellulase activity, suggesting that the production of these cellulolytic enzymes is not diet-regulated.

Although a mixed diet is necessary for the natural development of C. longicaudatum, it can survive more than 600 days on a diet of cellulose alone. As such, the gray silverfish is a threat to cultural heritage institutions storing books, sheet music, paintings and similar objects. A Swedish survey on the damage impact of C. longicaudatum reports attacks on: watercolor paintings; packing material; cartons; books, where the outer cover, glued areas inside of the cover and marbled paper were eaten; historical documents of handmade paper; paper documents; transcripts; stamps in showrooms; newly produced signs labels in showrooms; historical paper labels on objects; mounting paper on the back of a photograph; roll painting in genuine silk, mounted with starch paste on masonite; insects caught in adhesive traps.

Control measurements
In recent years, gray silverfish have been reported from a number of European countries (see section Distribution), where they have been recorded as a nuisance pest in houses, kindergartens and schools, but also as damaging cellulose-based materials in a warehouse and in cultural heritage institutions like museums, libraries and archives. In Norwegian houses, the number of pest control measurements against the gray silverfish have drastically increased since the year 2016. The majority of insurance cases involving the gray silverfish apply to new houses built after the year 2000, which, due to the improved wall insulation, assumingly provide more favourable living conditions for this species.

Due to their relatively slow development and longevity and their ability to survive up to ten months without food, control measurements against the gray silverfish have to be applied over an extended period of time. An integrated pest management, applying several control measurements in parallel, has been proposed as the most promising approach for the control of this species. This includes the removal of potential food sources such as food crumbs by wiping the floor also beneath and behind cooking stoves and refrigerators, and storage of dried food products, including tea bags and animal food, in sealed containers. Reducing the amount of water used during cleaning will reduce indoor humidity, which is detrimental for egg development. It should also be kept in mind that gray silverfish do not have to drink, and can use the water vapour contained in air of 60% relative humidity and higher as their water source instead.

Trapping
A common control measurement is the use of sticky traps, especially for monitoring purposes to get an idea on the dimension of silverfish infestation. Adding milled cricket powder to sticky traps as protein-rich bait has been shown to result in a significantly higher average catch as compared to unbaited sticky traps.

Poisoning
Toxic baits are another means of reducing or eradicating silverfish infestation. Aak et al. (2020) tested different commercially available paste-based products, containing imidacloprid, clothianidin, fipronil or indoxacarb as active ingredient, regarding their effect in pest management of gray silverfish. Imidacloprid was found to cause a mortality rate of less than 50% after 18 days, whereas the other three pesticides caused mortality rates above 90%. Indoxacarb application in field trials decreased gray silverfish populations to less than 10% within 10 to 12 weeks. Since silverfish also consume dead insects, including specimens of their own species, secondary poisoning through the consumption of primarily poisoned individuals has an additional population-reducing effect. With 75% mortality, indoxacarb was found to be much more potent in secondary poisoning as compared to clothianidin with a 15% mortality rate. Indoxacarb was therefore evaluated as the most potent poison against gray silverfish, and even six-month old bait was still able to cause a high mortality rate. Fipronil as poison was not further investigated due to its comparatively high toxicity for humans.

When using toxic baits, attention should be paid to the secure placement of these baits to minimise the chance of unintentional ingestion by pets or children. Placing small droplets of gel-based poison into gaps, crevices and cracks that act as natural hiding places for silverfish during the day will reduce the likelihood of unintended contact and at the same time increase the chance of the poison being ingested by the gray silverfish. Distributing many small poison bait droplets, as opposed to few large portions, evenly over the infested area will further increase the success of the poison treatment.

A study on the efficacy of various poisonous baits (containing boric acid, hydramethylnon, indoxacarb, abamectin, chlorfenapyr, dinotefuran, fipronil, metaflumizone, and novaluron) against the related Lepismatidae species Thermobia domestica and Lepisma saccharinum has been conducted by Sims & Appel (2012).

Pesticide spraying
Studies on the effects of pesticide sprays on Ctenolepisma longicaudatum have not been published. A study by Faulde et al. (2003) investigated the knockdown (i.e., inability to move, and lying upside down) effect of fabrics spray-impregnated with permethrin on the related common silverfish (Lepisma saccharinum), where a 100% knockdown was observed after 5.5 ± 2.6 min of exposure to the permethrin coating.

Since the premises inhabited by gray silverfish are usually co-inhabited by humans, the application of pesticides in the form of sprays should be avoided wherever possible, and more targeted approaches like bait poisoning should be considered. As pesticide-sprayed areas will be avoided by silverfish, a risk of their dispersal towards unaffected areas is given, which will prolong the pest management efforts.

Temperature treatment
At temperatures of 16 °C and below, the growth rate is considerably decreased, with an average length of adult stadia (i.e., the time between two consecutive mouldings) of 126 days as compared to 15 days at 29 °C. 16 °C can therefore be seen as limiting temperature for active feeding and growth. Torpor sets in at a temperature of 13 °C, and at 11 °C, ecdysis stops. Nymphs are much more sensitive to cold: at a temperature of 1 °C, second instar larvae die within two days, whereas adult specimens can survive several months. At 21 °C, egg development takes on average 49 days, which decreases with higher temperatures; at 29.5 °C, hatching occurs after 20 days. At 21 °C, the first larval instar is on average 9 days long, which is reduced to 5 days at temperatures of 24 °C and above. Prolonged temperatures above 24 °C are eventually fatal for gray silverfish: At 26 °C, the survival is 4 months, and at temperatures of 29 to 33.6 °C, survival time drops to 1–3 weeks. Heeg (1967) found the optimum temperature range of the gray silverfish to be in the range of 8 to 25 °C, with the upper avoidance temperature at 40–43 °C. Survival rate at high temperatures is higher in dry air of 5% relative humidity (RH) as compared to 85% RH, presumably due to water evaporation from the insects' bodies. However, prolonged exposure to such low humidity levels will lead to death within 2–4 weeks. A critical humidity value seems to be 55%, below which the period of survival is drastically reduced.

These observations show that ambient temperature should be taken into account when applying an integrated pest management plan. If poisoned bait is used, temperatures should be at 20 °C or higher, as food is consumed much more rapidly as compared to 16 °C (at even lower temperatures, feeding comes to a halt). If the aim is to gain time to prepare control measures, a decrease in ambient temperature in the infested premises to 16 °C or lower is advisable to slow down population growth.

References

Further reading

External links

Lepismatidae
Articles created by Qbugbot
Insects described in 1905


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Surprisingly Popular Collectibles
The world has changed…and that includes the world of art and antiques.
No longer the exclusive domain of collectors with blue hair or blue blood, today there is a lighter side of collecting that is gaining both momentum and respect – albeit with tongue planted firmly in cheek.
While fine art and high-style antiques are a representation of the wealth and sophistication of past eras, kitsch is, arguably, the "antiques of the people," and many of these pieces have become extremely popular collectibles.
Long denied validity by academia, the popularity and ubiquity of kitsch has earned dashboard hula girls and penguin-shaped saltshakers the respect they deserve…but never demanded. And, perhaps, that's the point.
Fun collectibles
Kitsch does not impose itself. Rather, it simply, and unapologetically, "is." It calls to mind memories of family road trips and carnival game prizes or your quirky aunt's cookie jar collection. It's fun and nostalgic, and these collectibles represent our shared experience of pop culture.
The practicality of kitsch collectibles is two-pronged. Typically, items that are today considered kitsch were mass-produced at the time. So, there were a lot of them. The flip side of that is that they were usually novelties and, while not considered "disposable" exactly, they did not always receive the same care as, say, a fine set of Old Paris vases. So, their initial relative inexpensiveness may today contribute to their rarity – but that only contributes to the joy of the hunt for these collectibles.
Deciding to start a collection of kitsch can be easier than deciding which kitsch to pursue. After all, the term spans such a vast field of items.
Many collectors start with something they inherited or something from their childhood that holds a special memory. A friend of mine has a china cabinet brimming with a wonderfully weird collection of salt and pepper shakers that began with a set in the shape of dolphins bought by her grandmother on her honeymoon in Palm Beach sometime in the 1940s. Each subsequent set has been purchased from antique shops and flea markets while on a trip, and serves not only to be a reminder of the trip, but also of her grandmother's journey to Palm Beach and the shores of South Florida so many decades ago. While her home is otherwise filled with some of the finest 18th and 19th Century American antiques I've ever seen, she asserts that it is these collectibles that give her the most personal joy.
And isn't that collecting is all about?
Sharpen Your Art Show Strategy
Add a Little Americana to Your Fine Art Collection


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The Last Man on Earth 2.10: "Silent Night" Review
NOTE: Full spoilers for this episode of The Last Man on Earth, including a major character death, are present in this review
The Last Man on Earth really struck gold over the past few weeks, and seemed to achieve a new high point last week, with "Secret Santa", the first half of a two-part Christmas event for the show. Now, we have the second half of said event, "Silent Night", though any mention of Christmas takes a firm back seat, as the group desperately tries to deduce how to save a dying Phil Miller, the other one, from appendicitis.
The result is a spectacular new high point for the show, with "Silent Night" delivering truly outstanding comedy and drama in equal measure, and hopping between both of them at will without ever missing a beat. As much as the stakes are high, and Phil could die at any moment, there's plenty of effective laughs that are mined throughout events, as Gail must perform impromptu surgery with no knowledge or medical licensing, as everyone else scrambles to try and go on supply runs.
This proved to be a perfect device for the midseason finale of Season Two, as many characters must not only confront their own mortality, but also their sometimes strained relationships with each other. This, again, leads to breakdowns and emotional outcries that are both dramatic and funny in equal measure, particularly as Melissa breaks down in tears while finding supplies with Carol, following Todd rejecting her marriage proposal from the previous episode, and original Phil tries to keep everyone calm and focused with a series of increasingly terrible jokes. On that note, Will Forte easily gets some of the biggest laughs in an already surprisingly hilarious episode of The Last Man on Earth, since Phil's aggressive incompetence with making people feel better is rarely better than it is here.
When original Phil and Todd are unable to locate a cadaver at the nearby morgue for Gail to practice on, Phil makes the controversial suggestion to dig up the corpse of Gordon, leading to Todd having something of a nervous breakdown, and recounting all of the traumatic events that the group has suffered over the course of Season Two so far. It actually effectively puts things into perspective, showing how this show is so good at being dark, and yet also mining that darkness to produce very potent comedy, especially as Phil must try and slap Todd around until he calms down, similar to how Carol says that it's great that Melissa is opening up during her own breakdown, but tells her to put her feelings in an, "Emotional doggie bag" so that they'll be tastier later. As usual, Carol is one-of-a-kind with those kinds of examples!
As other Phil's condition worsens, Gail, despite Carol and Melissa finding a surgical practice dummy for her to try and perfect her surgery skills on, is forced into action, following original Phil and Todd then hilariously trying to cover up that they dug up Gordon, after they see Gail has found a practice dummy, in another of the episode's funniest jokes. It actually almost looks like Gail will successfully save Phil, particularly as Todd agrees to assist in the surgery, while everyone else watches from outside a plastic covering.
While all this is going on, we also occasionally cut back to Mike, up in space. After being blown out of the airlock at the end of last week's episode, Mike grabs on to a tether, and successfully pulls himself back into his space station. After interacting with the worm, whom he names, "Phil", in a rather touching moment, Mike resolves to return to Earth. He brings the worm into the evacuation pod, which he shoots into the atmosphere, even though it's unlikely that the pod will hold together without the aid of mission control, and Mike looks to be plummeting into certain death.
The ending was the best part in an already excellent episode, with quick cutting between Gail's surgery, and Mike's descent, both symbolizing the incredible leaps of faith that characters are taking to preserve their family, and any chance to stay together. Togetherness, and the need for others, no matter how seemingly different from you and your situation, is a big theme in The Last Man on Earth, and it's beautifully come to the forefront in these Christmas episodes especially.
The episode's ultimate ending is also both shocking and suspenseful, particularly for Mike, whose fate is never revealed. Phil however is a different story, as Gail and Todd try to stop Phil from internally bleeding when they inevitably make a mistake with removing the appendix, and the episode ends with a droning flatline, as the two fail to save Phil. Yes, the other Phil Miller has died, leaving Erica's future baby without its birth father. It might have been inevitable that Gail would fail to save Phil, since Boris Kodjoe isn't a series lead, and the joke of having two Phil Miller's in the same community has now fully run its course, but the moment is still sad, not to mention flawlessly directed.
"Silent Night" is one of the best midseason finales that this entire television season has offered in general, and definitely the best episode of The Last Man on Earth to date. In fact, the episode is so good, that it's all the more difficult to think about FOX now benching the show temporarily, alongside Bones, and not currently having a placement for it in 2016, so we don't know when exactly we'll see the fallout of Phil's death, and Mike's fate. There's eight episodes left in the Season Two order for The Last Man on Earth, and its recent ratings bump is sure to keep it healthy and strong for renewal again, but for now, we have to play the waiting game in the worst way, since no return date can be marked on the calendar yet. Hopefully, this isn't the case for too long though, as The Last Man on Earth wrapped its 2015 run by having never been better!
The Last Man on Earth 2.10: "Silent Night" Review
The Last Man on Earth delivered a stellar midseason finale, and its best episode to date, as it concludes its two-part Christmas event, seeing the group valiantly fighting, and ultimately failing to stop a tragedy, while Mike finally takes the leap of faith in returning to Earth.
Excellent balance of great comedy and drama
The group trying, but ultimately failing to save the other Phil
Mike finally attempting a risky return to Earth
boris kodjoechristmasfoxmary steenburgenphil millersilent nightthe last man on earthwill forte
Brooklyn Nine-Nine 3.10: "Yippie Kayak" Review
Supergirl 1.8: "Hostile Takeover" Review
X-Men spin-off series, Hellfire reportedly dead at FOX, in favour of new series
The Last Man on Earth 2.9: "Secret Santa" Review


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La competizione della staffetta 4x10 km di sci di fondo ai VI Giochi olimpici invernali si è svolta il 23 febbraio; il percorso aveva partenza e arrivo nello stadio di Holmenkollen e copriva un dislivello di circa 160 m. A partire dalle 12:00 presero parte alla competizione 13 squadre nazionali.

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Sci di fondo ai VI Giochi olimpici invernali


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900 W Olympic Boulevard #28A Los Angeles, CA 90015 $1,588,000
CENTURY 21 Excellence
900 W Olympic Boulevard #28A
Downtown Los Angeles Los Angeles Unified School District
HOA Dues: $3,108 (Monthly)
Secure your place in this dream home with sweeping panoramas of Downtown Los Angeles to the Pacific Ocean when you live in this exclusive Ritz-Carlton residence. This upgraded corner unit has 2 bedrooms and 2.5 baths with a re-imagined kitchen featuring an island bar. The unit also sports motorized blinds for the floor-to-ceiling windows in addition to a topline surround sound system. You'll also avail yourself to the Ritz-Carlton's five-star amenities including valet parking, concierge service, in-room dining and maid service. Plus, the building features a rooftop swimming pool and 8,000 sq. ft fitness center, spa and salon. And don't forget to make use of the executive boardroom, screening room and residents' lounge with a complimentary daily breakfast buffet. If you feel the need to leave this paradise, then you are only steps away from L. A. Live's vibrant entertainment scene and Crypto.com Arena -- home of the Los Angeles Lakers, Clippers and Kings.
MLS #22209673, Listed on 10/13/22 by CYNTHIA CARVEL, DOUGLAS ELLIMAN OF CALIFORNIA, INC.
Listing Information for 900 W Olympic Boulevard #28A
Spa/Sauna
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LALASED
CYNTHIA CARVEL
Located at Ritz Carlton LA Live
Olympic & Georgia St.
DOUGLAS ELLIMAN OF CALIFORNIA, INC. 424-281-7603
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INC.)
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900 W Olympic Blvd Unit 28A #28A Los Angeles, CA 90015
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900 W Olympic Boulevard #28A is a 2 bedroom, 3 bathroom Condo for sale in Los Angeles, CA. Currently listed for $1,588,000, this property features a 9.2 Acres square foot lot and was built in 2010. 900 W Olympic Boulevard #28A has been on CENTURY 21 for 0 days. This listing is provided courtesy of DOUGLAS ELLIMAN OF CALIFORNIA, INC.. Want to view more homes for sale in Los Angeles, CA? View all the latest MLS listings and explore photos, maps, schoolrankings, real estate agent reviews, and more - all on CENTURY 21.
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Website provided and owned by CENTURY 21 Excellence.


Pulitzer prize-winning oncologist Siddhartha Mukherjee, MD describes recent advances in AI-based image recognition algorithms and their potential use as a diagnostic tool for future radiologists.
In a Time Magazine op-ed, Former National Coordinator for Health IT Farzad Mostashari, MD discusses various health reform options that could win bipartisan support.
Rupert Murdoch walks away from his $125 million stake in Theranos, selling his shares for $1. Meanwhile, Theranos CEO Elizabeth Holmes has agreed to give existing investors more shares from her personal stock if they agree not to sue the company.
While the US Patent Office awarded CRISPR rights to researchers from the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, the European Patent Office just issued the same patent to UC Berkley, setting the stage for another round of patent disputes between the two organizations.
New Jersey Governor Chris Christie is selected by President Trump to lead a commission combating drug addition and the nation's growing opioid addition.


On September 16th, Sir Knight and I marked our 16th year of living in Little Shouse on the Prairie. What we had intended to be a one year adventure living in a shop has become a sixteen year undertaking in off-grid ingenuity. It has shaped our family and pushed us to our limits. We have learned how to overcome and how to be content. We have learned that "self-reliance" doesn't exist, only heightened dependence on one another versus dependence on the established infrastructure. We have grown stronger and closer and more capable. We have experienced life as few people in our generation have had the opportunity to experience. And yet our daily life is still a challenge, replete with the highest of highs and the lowest of lows.
Our most recent off-grid hiccup has been generators (again). Generators, along with our solar array are the foundation of our power supply. We always keep two generators in our shed - one main generator and one back-up generator. Both of our current gensets are older Onan generators, which have become our generators of choice. Our main generator is a 6.5 KW and the back-up a 5 KW. We have been relying solely on our main generator for the last year because our back-up generator had carburetor issues, along with a few other problems. About two months ago we sent our back-up generator to my Dad's small engine mechanic so that we could have both generators up and running before winter. After our back-up generator had been in the shop about two weeks, our main generator up and died. What timing! We limped along, relying on solar energy alone, while waiting for our back-up to be repaired. In the meantime, we hauled our main generator in to Dad's small engine mechanic to add to his repair list, and waited, hopefully, for our back-up generator to be brought back to life.
Yesterday my parents brought us a wonderful gift - our back-up generator repaired and ready for work! After over a month of making do, we fired up our back-up generator and flipped the switch! Oh, the relief! The generator ran flawlessly, pumping our water and charging our batteries with ease. We are back!!
Our main generator is still in the shop. We are having the mechanic look at it before repairing it, then we'll decide if we're better off replacing or repairing - one step at a time.
We have found that maintaining an off-grid lifestyle requires constant creativity and tenacity. It requires ingenuity, perseverance and a hardy dose of rugged individualism. Not to mention a liberal draught of blood, sweat and tears.
Oh, to live the off-grid life!
We are fortunate that we have power from a utility company, although it could be more reliable. In an ideal world we would own a Honda EU7000iS inverter generator for backup power, but not having $4500 to spare looked for something at a better price. Talking to someone who rents generators to film crews, he mentioned that for years they rented the Honda ES6500K-1 generators that were the top of the line from Honda before they went inverter. He said they were the most rugged and reliable generators they rented. After looking for a year on Craigs List I found one for $700. It is made like a small car, but with a generator instead of wheels. It has two cylinders, a fan cooled radiator, two stage air filter, fuel filter, and a full size automotive style oil filter. As you probably know very few generators this size have oil filters. Having the oil filter and dual stage air filter (pleated paper, and oil filled foam) keep the dust and dirt out of the engine and make for long life. If you can find one, consider buying it. It is the best portable generator I have owned.


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Home ⁄ manshet ⁄ outcome of Engagements in the battle to defeat terrorism
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outcome of Engagements in the battle to defeat terrorism
sdf October 16, 2018 1329
1-Al-Bagouz axis: Strong engagements broke out between our fighters and terrorist Daesh organization the latter used heavy weapons and mortars randomly. As a result of engagements, our fighters seized a 120-mm mortar and a number of other weapons and military equipment, and several terrorists were killed.
In the morning, Daesh terrorists launched attacks on the positions of our forces south of Soussah village. Our fighters confronted it. Violent engagements broke out, in which a number of terrorists were killed. Our fighters also destroyed a motorcycle with a number of vehicles which were used by the terrorists. In addition to the bombing of a number of mines laid by terrorists in the area.
In the same axis, our fighters targeted the positions and Fortifications of the terrorists, through mortar shelling, which caused losses in their ranks, but were not known, due to the severity of the shelling and the presence of mines in the area.
Simultaneously with engagements, Coalition artillery shelled terrorist positions, and destroying 3 sites and causing casualties. Coalition jets also participated in shelling terrorist positions and points.
2- Hajan axis: This axis witnessed battles and engagements between our fighters and "Dahesh" terrorists, and due to that a number of them were killed, in addition to the destruction of some of the sites where they were holed up, and our fighters were able to detonate a number of mines which were laid by terrorists to prevent the progress of our fighters, International Coalition Forces targeting terrorist sites with Hummer missiles, which led to the destruction of some of its positions.
3-Outcome of engagements:
– Number of terrorists death:/ 9 / terrorists.
– International coalition jets strike:/ 2/ strikes.
– Number of rockets launched by International coalition on terrorist sites: /2/ rockets.
– Terrorist losses: destroy / 3 headquarters, destroy a motorcycle, and seized a 120-mm mortar.
Media Center of the Syrian Democratic Forces
ISISSDFYPGYPJ
The Health Directorate is preparing to inaugurate a clinic in Hol camp
Our forces are liberated 24 fighters from the terrorist "ISIS" organization
A brief on the trainings of the regiment of the martyr (Avrash)
The Military Council of Tabqa … importance and tasks
Statement to the public opinion
Final statement of the regular meeting of SDF Military Council
The toll of military operations between 2nd and 5th of January
Panorama 2019. Syrian Democratic Forces are a renewed model of resistance and the cornerstone of the future army of Syria


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Understanding Singing Seminar
Tue Feb 4 2014, 6:30pm–9:30pm
Wed Feb 5 2014, 9:30am–6:30pm
Where: Hotel Elizabeth, 24 Mount Elizabeth, Orchard Road, Singapore
General Admission: $595.00
Official Seminar Website
Listed by: UMS-Singapore
World-renowned Music Educator Duncan Lorien returns to Singapore to deliver a seminar for anyone who wants to sing, has tried to sing or who has been singing for a while and wants to improve their singing at every level.
This seminar on the basics of singing cuts through all the confusion on the subject by explaining what works and what does not work when it comes to learning how to sing well enough to enjoy performing for an audience.
What is learned in the seminar?
• Finding out what "to sing" originally meant; almost no-one teaches this information today and it instantly changes even the way a professional sings!
•How to train being relaxed in front of any audience.
•What is the meaning of the phrase "to sing in pitch" and how can it be trained?
•Improve your breath control with simple drills.
•Discover the way the voice box really works.
•How to visualise a sound before you sing it.
•Adding interesting effects to your vocal repetoire.
•Training your voice to sing any syllable while maintaining the pitch of the sound.
•Mastering intervals by using special references to well-known pieces of music.
•Handling what are called vocal breaks or transitions in the singing voice.
•Increasing the range of your singing voice.
•Projecting your singing voice and improving the tonal quality.
•Learn to sight-sing so you can look at music and know how to sing it.
•Specially designed vocal warm-up and cool-down exercises for the voice.
•How to do a simple daily practice schedule that really works.
•Each attendee is given a manual containing all the information and drills.
•Each attendee is given a DVD containing demonstrations of all the drills.
Everyone interacts with the manual throughout the Seminar and continues at home with the daily practice schedule and DVD demonstrating the drills. The Seminar manual and DVD is included in the cost of the Seminar.
Graduates of the seminar routinely rave about the experience and what it has done for their singing ability, their confidence and their life in general!
"I have learnt how to claim my OWN space!" - T.M.
"Thank you for your wonderful teaching methods and great sense of humor. Again, thanks a million!" - Y.A.
"In 20 years of being a professional singer nobody has given me so much help, information and understanding as Duncan did in 2 days. I always had problems with higher notes, now I have a way to manage them. I have also improved transitions between different registers of my voice. There is so much potential available by using the practice schedule in the handbook" - S.F.
"I didn't know where to start with my vocal training. This seminar has got me started and already increasing my vocal potential." - N.F.
"Thank you! Thank you! Thank you Duncan Lorien! I was thrilled and surprised to learn that I DO have power behind my voice!" - M.C.
"I have learned so much about singing and have improved dramatically. This data is not only limited to singing but is also about self-improvement." - C.W.
"Thank you for extracting the truth from a sea of rubbish to help us all make our musical dreams come true!" - B.A.
"Now I finally KNOW that I am NOT tone deaf and believe that I never should have been told that I was in the first place". - E.P.
"The handling of the vocal instrument, the excellent exercises and drills plus the handling of stagefright all stand out as voice and life-strengthening highlights of the weekend" - A.S.
"You have given me the exact tools I need to believe in myself and fine-tune my voice, thank you, thank you!" - K.E.
Save SGD$70 if you register and pay in full prior to December 31st, 2013.
There is a 100% money back guarantee for anyone who feels that a Seminar does not deliver exactly what it promises to deliver!
For your free info pack on what the singing seminar can do for you, email your name and contact details to:
Mark Farrelly
Organiser for Asia, Australia & New Zealand
info@singingseminar.com
Effective Communication In Customer Service
Wed Jun 16 9:00am
OkGlobal Coin Switch - MYID (Large Investor Zoom Meeting)
Tue Jan 26 8:30pm
Effective Workplace Communication
Tue Feb 2 9:00am – more dates
Professional & Effective Presentations
Thu Mar 4 9:00am – more dates
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West Brom winger Bakary Sako is in contention for the meeting with Aston Villa after making a return to training.
Birmingham Live have reported that the player is fit again after suffering an injury setback.
Sako has missed West Brom's three previous meetings but is now back available for selection, with Darren Moore handed a late fitness boost.
Speaking to the media, Moore confirmed the player's situation.
He's back in full contact training now. We're pleased to have him back. He's only been back in full contact for two or three days. When they've been out you want to give them that volume in training, but he is back in full contact now.
The former Crystal Palace and Wolves man has only featured twice since arriving at the club as a free agent, but he'll be hoping to kick on and prove his worth to the Baggies.
The two sides meet on Friday night in a game that could see Moore's side close the gap between themselves and Leeds, who currently occupy the second automatic promotion spot.
Should Sako start against Villa on Friday night?


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