text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}

We are accustomed to describe fundamental interactions in nature in
terms of quantum fields which manifest themselves as particles.  Our
most successful description of all the available experimental data
today is given by the Standard Model (SM) which is based on such
quantum fields. Extensions of the Standard Model, such as supersymmetric,
grand-unified, or extradimensional models,  also rely on these
ideas and give rise to a plethora of new particles that may be
discovered soon at the LHC. However, other types of quantum fields may
be present in Nature.

Recently, Georgi~\cite{georgi1,georgi2} proposed a novel scenario
where no new particle states emerge but where scale invariant fields
with non-trivial infrared (IR) fixed point can be part of physics
above the TeV scale. If these fields couple to SM operators they can
give rise to effective interactions at lower energies that may have
impact on particle phenomenology.  He denominated this scale invariant
matter coupled to SM fields at lower energies {\em unparticle}, as it is
not constrained by a dispersion relation like normal particles.

Since then there has been a number of papers in the literature
devoted to map the unusual observable consequences of unparticles to
experiments. QED bounds to unparticle interactions have been obtained
in \cite{unpar:qed}. Signals of unparticle have been studied in
past and future collider
experiments~\cite{cheung,unpar:collider}.  Possible
unparticle contributions to CP violation~\cite{cpviol}, deep inelastic
scattering~\cite{dis}, lepton flavour violating processes~\cite{lfv} as
well as to hadron mixing and decay~\cite{hadron}, neutrino
interactions~\cite{neutrinos,kam} and nucleon decay ~\cite{pakvasa}
 have been investigated. Several
cosmological and astrophysical bounds have also been
devised~\cite{cosmo1,cosmo,wyler}.

Another striking spin-off of the unparticle idea is the advent of
long-range forces operating at macroscopic distances and generally
governed by a non-integral power law. This unique behavior was first
pointed out in Ref.\cite{spin}, in connection to microscopic
spin-dependent interactions between electrons and has also been
investigated in connection to deviations of the Newtonian
gravitational inverse squared law mediated by a tensor-like {\em
  ungravity} interaction~\cite{lr1}. Limits on vector-like unparticle
interactions coupled to baryon and lepton flavour numbers were
established in \cite{lr2} by comparing with results from
torsion-balance experiments.

Neutrino oscillations have been shown to be a very powerful tool in
constraining new dynamics. Being an interference phenomenon it can be
sensitive to very feeble interactions as their effect enters linearly
in the neutrino propagation. Furthermore the effect of new fermionic
interactions can be enhanced when neutrino travels regions densely
populated by those fermions.  In this way it has been shown  that
neutrino oscillation data can place stringent bounds on long-range
forces coupled to lepton flavour
numbers~\cite{ourlrange,others,mohanty}.  Therefore it is expected
that they can provide very strong limits also on the couplings of
unparticles to fermionic currents.

Assuming that scale invariance is not broken in the IR we
derive in this paper, from solar and reactor neutrino
experimental data, limits on scalar, vector and tensor
unparticle operators which mediate long-range interactions
through their couplings  to fermionic flavour-conserving currents.
In Sec.~\ref{sec:form} we briefly present the formalism of unparticle
dynamics relevant to the present study. We present the effects of
the induced long-range forces in solar neutrino oscillations in
Sec.~\ref{sec:solarosc}. We derive the bounds from the no observation
of such long-range effects from the global analysis of solar and
KamLAND data in Sec.~\ref{sec:const} and in the final Section we discuss
our conclusions.

\section{Unparticle Formalism in Brief}
\label{sec:form}

We will consider hypothetical fields of a hidden sector of a theory with
a non-trivial IR fixed point which can interact with SM fields at very
high energies by the exchange of a particle with a large mass $M$ as
proposed in Ref.~\cite{georgi1}. So the ultraviolet (UV) couplings of
this hidden sector operators ${\cal O}_{\rm UV}$ of dimension $d_{\rm
UV}$ with SM operators ${\cal O}_{\rm SM}$ of dimension $d_{\rm SM}$
take the form
\begin{equation}
\frac{1}{M^{d_{\rm UV}+d_{\rm SM}-4}} \, {\cal O}_{\rm UV}
\, {\cal O}_{\rm SM}\, .
\end{equation}

Scale invariance emerges at a lower energy scale $\Lambda_u$. As
the hidden sector runs towards the IR fixed point, these couplings are
so to speak {\em sequestered}, their scaling dimension is increased by
the anomalous dimension $d$ from the hidden sector dynamics. From this
point on the hidden sector operator matches onto an unparticle
operator ${\cal O}_{\rm U}$ whose interactions with the SM operators
are described by the non-renormalizable effective lagrangian

\begin{equation}
 C_{u} \frac{\Lambda_{u}^{d_{\rm UV}-d}}{M^{d_{\rm UV}+d_{\rm SM}-4}} \, {\cal O}_{\rm SM} \, {\cal O}_{\rm U}\, ,
\end{equation}
where $C_{u}$ is a dimensionless constant of order 1.

Our starting point will be the lagrangian which contains the effective
flavour diagonal interactions which satisfy the SM gauge symmetry,
between scalar, vector and tensor unparticles and the SM fermions $f$
\begin{equation}
{\cal L}=-\sum_f\frac{\lambda^f_S}{\Lambda_u^{d-1}} \bar f f{\cal O}_U
-\sum_f \frac{\lambda^f_V}{\Lambda_u^{d-1}} \bar f\gamma_\mu f{\cal O}^\mu_U
-\sum_f i \frac{\lambda^f_T}{2 \Lambda_u^{d}}
(\bar f\gamma_\mu \partial_\nu f- \partial_\nu \bar f \gamma^\mu
f){\cal O}^{\mu \nu}_U \, ,
\label{eq:lagrangian}
 \end{equation}
where the unparticle operators are taken to be hermitian. Additional
four fermion contact interactions could also arise as discussed
in Ref.~\cite{grinstein}. In the absence of cancellations they will
add up to the effects discussed here making the unparticle effects
larger. In what follows we will conservatively neglect the
contributions from contact interactions.

The natural size of the $\lambda^f_{S,V,T}$ coefficients is
\begin{equation}
\lambda^f_{S,V,T}=C^f_{S,T,V}\left(\frac{\Lambda_u}{M}\right)^{d_{UV}-1}\, ,
\end{equation}
where $C^f_{S,T,V}$ are again of order 1.

Scale invariance determines the propagation properties of these
operators up to a normalization factor. Using the same convention as
in Ref.~\cite{georgi2,cheung}, including the corrections given
in \cite{grinstein},
we obtain that the propagators corresponding to
scalar, vector and tensor unparticle operators are correspondingly
\begin{eqnarray}
&&\Delta (P^2)
=\frac{A_d}{2\sin(d \pi)} (-P^2)^{d-2} \, ,\\
&&[\Delta (P^2)]_{\mu\nu}=\Delta (P^2)\; \pi_{\mu\nu} \, , \\
\text{and} &&[\Delta (P^2)]_{\mu\nu,\rho\sigma}=\Delta (P^2)\; T_{\mu\nu,\rho\sigma} \, .\\
\end{eqnarray}
\begin{equation}
\pi_{\mu\nu}=-g_{\mu\nu}+ a
\, \frac{P_\mu P_\nu}{P^2} \, ,
\end{equation}
where $a=1$ for transverse ${\cal O}^\mu_U$ and $a=\frac{2(d-2)}{d-1}$
in conformal field theories~\cite{grinstein}.

For transverse and  traceless  ${\cal O}_U^{\mu \nu}$ operators
\begin{equation}
T_{\mu\nu,\rho\sigma}=\frac{1}{2} \left\{
\pi_{\mu\rho}\pi_{\nu\sigma}+\pi_{\mu\sigma}\pi_{\nu\rho}-
\frac{2}{3}\pi_{\mu\nu}\pi_{\rho\sigma}\right\} \, ,
\end{equation}
while in conformal field theories
\begin{eqnarray}
T_{\mu\nu,\rho\sigma}&=&\frac{1}{2}
\bigg[\left(g_{\mu\rho}g_{\nu\sigma}+\mu\leftrightarrow\nu\right)
+\frac{\left[4-d(d+1)\right]}{2d(d-1)}g_{\mu\nu}g_{\rho\sigma}
\\ \nonumber
&&
-2\frac{(d-2)}{d}\left(g_{\mu\rho}\frac{k_\nu k_\sigma}{k^2}
+g_{\mu\sigma}\frac{k_\nu k_\rho}{k^2}+\mu\leftrightarrow\nu\right)
\nonumber \\
&& +4\frac{(d-2)}{d (d-1)}\left(g_{\mu\nu}\frac{k_\rho k_\sigma}{k^2}
+g_{\rho\sigma}\frac{k_\mu k_\nu}{k^2}\right)
+8\frac{(d-2)(d-3)}{d(d-1)}
\frac{k_\mu k_\nu  k_\rho k_\sigma}{(k^2)^2}\bigg]~ \;.
\end{eqnarray}
In the equations above
\begin{equation}
A_d=\frac{16 \pi^2 \sqrt{\pi}}{(2\pi)^{2 d}}\frac{\Gamma(d+\frac{1}{2})}
{\Gamma(d-1)\Gamma(2d)}\, .
\end{equation}

These massless unparticle operators induce long-range forces between
fermions. In particular, the effective lagrangian describing the
long-range force generated by a static distribution of fermions $f$
with number density $n_f(r)$, assumed to be spherically symmetric and
of radius R, on a relativistic fermion $f'$ is given by

\begin{equation}
{\cal L}=\left[\frac{ C^f_S C^{f'}_S}{4 \pi}\bar f' f' -
\frac{ C^f_V C^{f'}_V}{4 \pi}
\bar f'\gamma^0 f' +
  \frac{ C^f_T C^{f'}_T}{4 \pi} \frac{m_f E'}{\Lambda_u^2} \, B\, \bar f'\gamma^0 f'
\right] W_f(r) \, ,
\label{eq:llr}
\end{equation}
where $B=2/3$ for a transverse and traceless unparticle tensor operator,
while in conformal field theories $B=1-\frac{\left[4-d(d+1)\right]}{4d(d-1)}$.
The potential function, irrespectively of the Lorentz structure of the
unparticle operator, can be shown to have a universal form as a function of
the distance $r$ from the center of the matter distribution
\begin{eqnarray}
W_f(r=x R)&=&
\left(\frac{\Lambda_u}{M}\right)^{2(d_{UV}-1)}
\frac{2}{\pi^{2(d-1)}}\frac{\Gamma[d+\frac{1}{2}]\Gamma[d-\frac{1}{2}]}
{\Gamma[2d]}
R^3  \frac{1}{\left(R \Lambda_u\right)^{2(d-1)}}
\nonumber \\
&&\times \frac{2}{r} \;
\begin{array}{l}
\frac{1}{3-2d}\int_0^1 y \,n_f(y)
\left[(x+y)^{3-2d}-|x-y|^{3-2d}\right] dy
\;\;\;\;\;\; {\rm if}\; d\neq \frac{3}{2} \\[+0.5cm] \frac{1}{2}
\int_0^1 y \, n_f(y)
\ln\left[\frac{(x+y)^2}{(x-y)^2}\right]
\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; \;\;\;\;\;\; \;\;\;\;\;\;
\;\;\;\;\;\; \;\;\;\;\;\; \;\;\;\;\;\;
{\rm if}\; d= \frac{3}{2}\, .
\label{eq:W}
\end{array}
\end{eqnarray}
For $d \to 1$ one recovers the Coulomb-type potential characteristic
of a massless particle exchange.  This potential function is always
finite for $d<2$ whereas for $d>2$ there are infinite contributions
that appear when $x=y$.  In order to render a finite answer for $d\geq
2$ this infinite contribution has to be canceled out by the
introduction of some counterterm. In principle, this could be done by
means of the effective four fermion contact interactions whose
couplings gets renormalized.  Technically this is equivalent to remove
the point $x=y$ from the integration in Eq.~(\ref{eq:W}). In principle
a finite contact contribution to the potential can remain. As
mentioned above in what follows we will neglect this contribution.
In practice we will only be quantitatively discussing the results for
$d<2$, since, as we will see below, the effects become very feeble for
larger dimensions.

If the theory is not only scale invariant but also conformal invariant
the dimension $d$ of the unparticle operator is bounded
from unitarity constraints~\cite{grinstein}. For scalar, vector and
symmetric tensor operators $d>$ 1, 3 and 4, respectively.
We will relax this constraint in our phenomenological analysis.

One must also notice that the Higgs coupling to scalar unparticles
generally breaks scale invariance at a scale close to the electroweak
scale ~\cite{fox,feng,Delgado:2008rq,Delgado:2007dx}.  Therefore for
the scalar unparticle effects to be relevant at solar and reactor
energies ($\sim$ MeV) discussed here, one must assume the Higgs-scalar
unparticle couplings to be suppressed. For vector and tensor
unparticles, the Higgs only couples to higher dimension operators
which relaxes the bound on the scale of scale-invariance breaking.

\section{Unparticle Effects in Neutrino Oscillations in the Sun}
\label{sec:solarosc}

Under the assumptions discussed in the previous section, unparticles
mediate a long-range force coupled to fermions in the way described by
Eq.~(\ref{eq:llr}). Such force will affect neutrino oscillations in matter
in a similar fashion to the leptonic forces discussed in
Ref.~\cite{ourlrange}.

In our description of the effect of unparticles in the evolution of
neutrinos in matter we have to take into account that conventional
mass-induced neutrino oscillations describe very well
atmospheric~\cite{atm}, K2K~\cite{k2k}, MINOS~\cite{MINOS},
solar~\cite{chlorine,sagegno,gallex,sk,sno,sno05} and
reactor~\cite{kamland,chooz} neutrino data as long as all three
neutrino flavours must participate of oscillations \cite{myreview}.
The mixing among neutrino mass eigenstates and flavour eigenstates is
encoded in the $3\times 3$ lepton mixing matrix that in the standard
parametrization takes the form
\begin{equation}
    U=\begin{pmatrix}
    1&0&0 \cr
    0& {c_{23}} & {s_{23}} \cr
    0& -{s_{23}}& {c_{23}}\cr\end{pmatrix}
    \begin{pmatrix}
    {c_{13}} & 0 & {s_{13}}e^{i {\delta}}\cr
    0&1&0\cr
    -{ s_{13}}e^{-i {\delta}} & 0  & {c_{13}}\cr
\end{pmatrix}
\begin{pmatrix}
    c_{21} & {s_{12}}&0\cr
    -{s_{12}}& {c_{12}}&0\cr
    0&0&1\cr
\end{pmatrix}
\end{equation}
where $c_{ij} \equiv \cos\theta_{ij}$ and $s_{ij} \equiv
\sin\theta_{ij}$.

The neutrino oscillation data is consistent with the following hierarchy of
the neutrino mass squared  differences
\begin{equation} \label{eq:deltahier}
    \Delta m^2_\odot = \Delta m^2_{21} \ll
|\Delta m_{31}^2|\simeq|\Delta m_{32}^2|
=\Delta m^2_{\rm atm}.
\end{equation}
Recent KamLAND~\cite{kamland} and MINOS~\cite{MINOS} results lead to
$\Delta m^2_{21}/\vert \Delta m^2_{31}\vert \approx 0.03$ \cite{myreview},
so for
KamLAND and solar neutrinos, the atmospheric neutrino oscillation scale
contributions are completely averaged and the interpretation of
these data in the three neutrino oscillation framework depends basically
on $\Delta m^2_{21}$, $\theta_{12}$ and $\theta_{13}$. In contrast,
atmospheric and long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments are
driven mostly by $\Delta m^2_{31}$, $\theta_{23}$ and
$\theta_{13}$.  Moreover, the non observation of oscillations in
the CHOOZ  reactor experiment~\cite{chooz} imply that $\theta_{13}$, the
mixing angle connecting solar and atmospheric neutrino oscillation
channels must be very small, {\it i.e.}, $\sin^2\theta_{13} \leq 0.041$
at 3$\sigma$~\cite{myreview}.  These considerations make that
the 3-$\nu$ oscillations effectively factorize into 2-$\nu$ oscillations
of the two different subsystems: solar plus reactor, and atmospheric
plus long baseline.

Because the new couplings are flavour diagonal,
their effects in the evolution of atmospheric neutrinos do
not change the hierarchy (\ref{eq:deltahier}) ~\cite{mohanty}. Thus
the 2$\nu$ oscillation  factorization still holds and as long
as we neglect the small $\theta_{13}$ we can
perform the analysis of solar and reactor neutrinos in an effective
two-neutrino mixing scenario.
In this framework, one can easily read from Eq.~\eqref{eq:llr}
the effect  of the long-range unparticle force in the evolution of
solar neutrinos as:
\begin{eqnarray}
i \frac{d}{dr}
\left(\begin{array}{c} \nu_e \\
\nu_a     \end{array}\right)=&&
\left\{
\frac{1}{2E_\nu}
\left[
     \mathbf{U}_{\theta_{12}}
\left(    \begin{array}{cc}
        m_1 & ~0 \\
        ~0& m_2
    \end{array}\right)
\;
     \mathbf{U}_{\theta_{12}}^\dagger
-\left(    \begin{array}{cc}
        M_{\rm UNP}(r) & ~0 \\
        \hphantom{-} 0 & ~0
    \end{array}\right)\right]^2 \right.
\nonumber \\
&&\left.
+\left( \begin{array}{cc}
        V_{\rm CC}(r)+ V_{\rm UNP}(r) & ~0 \\
        \hphantom{-} 0 & ~0
    \end{array}\right)\right\}
\left(\begin{array}{c} \nu_e \\
\nu_a    \end{array}\right),
\label{eq:evol}
\end{eqnarray}
where  $E_\nu$ is the neutrino energy,
$m_{1,2}$ are the neutrino masses in vacuum,
and $\mathbf{U}_{\theta_{12}}$ the mixing
matrix between neutrino flavour and the vacuum mass eigenstates and
$\nu_a=c_{23}\nu_\mu +s_{23} \nu_\tau$.
$V_{\text{CC}}(r)=\sqrt{2} G_F n_{e}(r)$ is the
Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein (MSW) matter potential.

In Eq.~\eqref{eq:evol}
$M_{\rm UNP}$ and $V_{\rm UNP}(r)$ depend on the Lorentz structure
of the unparticle operator.
The function $W$ will enter either  as an extra mass term
(scalar unparticle) or as an addition
to the MSW potential (vector or tensor unparticle).
For scalar unparticles,
\begin{eqnarray}
&& M_{\rm UNP}\equiv M_\text{S}(r)=
\frac{C^e_S (C^{\nu_e}_S-C^{\nu_a}_S)}
{4 \pi} W(r) \simeq  \alpha_S  \, W(r)\; ,  \;\;\;\;\;\;\;
V_{\rm UNP}(r)=0 \; ,
\end{eqnarray}
while for vector unparticles,
\begin{eqnarray}
&&V_{\rm UNP}(r)\equiv  V_\text{V}(r)=\frac{C^e_V (C^{\nu_e}_V-C^{\nu_a}_V)}
{4 \pi} W(r) \simeq  \alpha_V   \, W(r)\; ,
\;\;\;\;\;\;\; M_{\rm UNP}=0 \; ,
 \end{eqnarray}
and for tensor  unparticle operators,
\begin{eqnarray}
&&V_{\rm UNP}(r)\equiv -
V_\text{T}(r)=-\frac{C^e_T (C^{\nu_e}_T-C^{\nu_a }_T)}
{4 \pi} \frac{m_e E_\nu}{\Lambda_u^2}\, B\, W(r)
\simeq  -\alpha_T   \frac{m_e E_\nu}{\Lambda_u^2} \, W(r)\; ,
\;\; M_{\rm UNP}=0  \;,
\end{eqnarray}
where $C^{\nu_a}_{S,V,T}=
c^2_{23} C^{\nu_\mu}_{S,V,T}+s^2_{23}C^{\nu_\tau}_{S,V,T}$.
In all cases,  $W(r)$ is given in Eq.~(\ref{eq:W}) with
\begin{equation}
n_f(r)=n_e(r)
\Big[1+\frac{C^p_{S,V,T}}{C^e_{S,V,T}} R_p+
\frac{C^n_{S,V,T}}{C^e_{S,V,T}}\frac{Y_n(r)}{Y_e(r)}
R_n\Big]\,,
\end{equation}
with $R_{p,n}=1$ for scalar and vector unparticles and
$R_{p,n}=m_{p,n}/m_e$ for tensor unparticles.
$Y_f(r)$ is the relative number density of fermion $f$, it is different
for neutrons than for protons and electrons because of the
change in composition along the Sun radius. Because of this
composition change, not only the normalization
but also the $W(r)$ profile (in $r$) has some dependence
on the unparticle  couplings.  We have neglected this small unparticle
effect in the profile of the potential and absorbed it in the definition of
effective $r$ average couplings:
\begin{equation}
\alpha_{S,V,T}  =
\frac{C^e_{S,V,T} (C^{\nu_e}_{S,V,T}-C^{\nu_a}_{S,V,T})}{4\pi}
\Big[1+\frac{C^p_{S,V,T}}{C^e_{S,V,T}} R_p+
\frac{C^n_{S,V,T}}{C^e_{S,V,T}}
\langle\frac{Y_n(r)}{Y_e(r)}\rangle R_n\Big]\,,
\label{eq:alcoup}
\end{equation}
where $\langle\frac{Y_n(r)}{Y_e(r)}\rangle$ stands for the average of the
relative number densities along the neutrino trajectory.

From Eq.~\eqref{eq:alcoup} we see that, as expected, the unparticle
effect on the solar neutrino evolution does not factorize out as long
as the unparticle coupling to neutrinos are non-universal. As a matter
of fact, under the same assumption, solar neutrinos may also invisibly
decay in their way from the Sun to the Earth as described in
Ref.~\cite{kam}. In what follows we will neglect the decay and
concentrate on the effects due to the long-range forces, which as we
will see, turn out to be more constraining.

\begin{figure}[t]
\includegraphics[width=4.in]{compa_pot.ps}
\caption{{\sl Potential} function $W(r)$ due to the density of
  protons (or electrons) in the Sun as a function of the distance from the solar
  center in units of the solar radius, $R_{\odot}$, for various values
  of the dimension $d$ and the mass scale $M$. We take $\Lambda_u= 1$
  TeV and $d_{UV}=3$.  For comparison, we show the value of the $W(r)$
  function for a Coulomb-type ($d=1$) long-range force with range
  $\lambda=0.1 \, R_\odot$ and with the same strength at the center of
  the Sun.}
\label{fig:pot}
\end{figure}

In Fig.~\ref{fig:pot} we show the function $W(r)$ in the Sun as
function of the distance from the center in units of $R_{\odot}$.
As seen in the figure, the dimension $d$ acts as a kind of range of the
potential.  Inside the Sun and up to 0.1 $R_\odot$, $W$ is constant,
independently of $d$.  We notice that for any value of $d<1.7$, there is
always a value of $M$ for which, at any $r$, the
$W(r)$ function is always larger than the corresponding one for a $d=1$
long-range force of range $\lambda=0.1$.

We show in Fig.~\ref{fig:probs} the survival probability of solar
$\nu_e$ at the sunny face of the Earth as a function of the neutrino
energy $E_\nu$ for some values of the parameters.
The probability is obtained by numerically solving Eq.~(\ref{eq:evol})
along the
neutrino trajectory from its production point in the Sun to its detection
point on the Earth. We have verified that for the range of parameters of
interest the evolution in the Sun and  from the Sun to the Earth is
always adiabatic. From the figure we can infer the expected order
of magnitude of the bounds that can be derived from the
solar and KamLAND analysis which we describe next.
\begin{figure}[hbt]
\includegraphics[width=4.in]{probs.eps}
\vglue -1.5cm
\caption{Survival probability of $\nu_e$ in the Sun as a
function of the neutrino energy $E_\nu$ for a
scalar (upper panel), vector (middle panel) and
tensor (lower panel) unparticle force, for various
values of the parameters. For all curves we have used
$\tan^2\theta_{12}=0.44$ and $\Delta m^2_{21} =
7.9\times10^{-5}~{\text{eV}}^2$.}
\label{fig:probs}
\end{figure}
For the scalar case we have chosen $m_1=0$ so  $m_2=\sqrt{\Delta m^2_{21}}$.
As shown in Ref.~\cite{ourlrange}, the effect of scalar interactions
becomes stronger as $m_1$ grows, so we chose  $m_1=0$ which gives
the most conservative constraints.

\section{Constraints from Solar and Reactor Neutrino Data}
\label{sec:const}
We present in this section the results of the global analysis of solar
and KamLAND data for the unparticle long-range forces discussed in the
previous section.  Details of our solar neutrino analysis have been
described in previous papers~\cite{pedrosolar,myreview}.  We use the
solar fluxes from Bahcall, Serenelli and Basu 2005~\cite{BS05}.  The
solar neutrino data includes a total of 118 data points: the
Gallium~\cite{sagegno,gallex} and Chlorine~\cite{chlorine} (1 data
point each) radiochemical rates, the Super-Kamiokande~\cite{sk} zenith
spectrum (44 bins), and SNO data reported for phase 1 and phase 2.
The SNO data used consists of the total day-night spectrum measured in
the pure D$_2$O (SNO-I) phase (34 data points)~\cite{sno}, plus the
full data set corresponding to the Salt Phase (SNO-II)~\cite{sno05}.
This last one includes the neutral current and elastic scattering
event rates during the day and during the night (4 data points), and
the charged current day-night spectral data (34 data points). It is
done by a $\chi^2$ analysis using the experimental systematic and
statistical uncertainties and their correlations presented
in~\cite{sno05}, together with the theoretical uncertainties. In
combining with the SNO-I data, only the theoretical uncertainties are
assumed to be correlated between the two phases.  The experimental
systematics errors are considered to be uncorrelated between both
phases.

In the analysis of KamLAND, we neglect the effect of the long-range
forces due to the small Earth-crust density in the evolution
of the reactor antineutrinos. For KamLAND we have used the observed
events as a function of $L_0/E_\nu$, with $L_0$ fixed at 180 km
~\cite{kamlandlast} and minimized the $\chi^2$ function

\begin{equation}
\chi^2_{\rm KL} = \sum_{i=1}^{24} \left[2 (f R^{\rm th}_{i} - R^{\rm ex}_i +
R^{\rm ex}_i \, \log \left( \frac{R^{\rm ex}_i}{f \, R^{\rm th}_i} \right)
\right] + \left( \frac{1-f}{0.041}\right)^2
\,.
\label{eq:kam}
\end{equation}
with respect to $\Delta m^2_{21}$, $\tan^2 \theta_{12}$ and $f$. Here
$R^{\rm ex}_i$ and $R^{\rm th}_i$ are, respectively, the observed and
theoretical (which depends of the oscillation parameters) number of events,
for the i-th bin.

One must also notice that the lagrangian given in
Eq.~(\ref{eq:lagrangian}) also leads to extra neutral current
contributions to neutrino interaction cross-sections at the detector.
However, we will ignore those effects which in the absence of
cancellations will add-up to the propagation effect.  In this sense the
bounds established here are conservative.

\begin{figure}[t]
\includegraphics[width=4.in]{mlamb_sca.eps}
\caption{Bounds from the analysis of solar and KamLAND data on the
fundamental parameters $(\Lambda_u,M)$ for a scalar unparticle for
$d=1.1,1.3,1.6$ and $d_{UV}=3$. The region below the curves is
excluded. We have fixed $\alpha_S=10^{-3}$. The dashed lines
correspond to the approximation given in Eq.~\eqref{eq:ksd}.}
\label{fig:scalbounds}
\end{figure}
As an illustration we show in Fig.~\ref{fig:scalbounds} the bounds
obtained from our combined analysis of solar and KamLAND data on the
fundamental parameters for an scalar unparticle. For the sake of
concretness we have chosen $\alpha_{S}>0$ but similar order of
magnitude bounds can be derived for negative $\alpha_S$.

First we notice that the bounds from the long-range force effects
are orders of magnitude stronger than the corresponding ones from the
unparticle-induced invisible solar neutrino decay described in
Ref.~\cite{kam}. This justifies our approximation of neglecting the
decay in the present work.

The order of magnitude of the bounds derived in
Fig.~\ref{fig:scalbounds} can be quantitatively understood from the
comparison shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:pot} between the unparticle induced
potential function and that expected from a standard finite-range
interaction.  As seen in the figure, for any value of $d\lesssim 2$
the $W$ function is always larger than the corresponding one for a
$d=1$ force of range $\lambda=0.1\, R_\odot$.  Consequently, for any
value of $d\lesssim 2$ the bounds on the unparticle effects must be
comparable or stronger than the limits obtained in
Ref.~\cite{ourlrange} for a leptonic scalar, vector, or tensor,
long-range force with coupling $\kappa_S$, $\kappa_V$ and $\kappa_T$,
respectively, and of range $\lambda=0.1 R_\odot $ with the identification
\begin{eqnarray}
\kappa_S&\rightarrow& \alpha_S
\left(\frac{\Lambda_u}{M}\right)^{2(d_{UV}-1)}
\frac{2}{\pi^{2d-1}}\frac{\Gamma[d+\frac{1}{2}]\Gamma[d-\frac{1}{2}]}
{\Gamma[2d]} \frac{1}{\left(R_\odot \Lambda_u\right)^{2(d-1)}}\leq
6.8\times 10^{-45}
\label{eq:ksd} \, ,\\
\kappa_V&\rightarrow& \alpha_V
\left(\frac{\Lambda_u}{M}\right)^{2(d_{UV}-1)}
\frac{2}{\pi^{2d-1}}\frac{\Gamma[d+\frac{1}{2}]\Gamma[d-\frac{1}{2}]}
{\Gamma[2d]} \frac{1}{\left(R_\odot \Lambda_u\right)^{2(d-1)}}\leq
4.5\times 10^{-53}
\label{eq:kvd} \, , \\
\kappa_T&\rightarrow& \alpha_T \frac{m_p} {\Lambda_u^2} B\,
\left(\frac{\Lambda_u}{M}\right)^{2(d_{UV}-1)}
\frac{2}{\pi^{2d-1}}\frac{\Gamma[d+\frac{1}{2}]\Gamma[d-\frac{1}{2}]}
{\Gamma[2d]} \frac{1}{\left(R_\odot \Lambda_u\right)^{2(d-1)}} \leq
\frac{2\times 10^{-61}}{{\rm eV}}\; .
\label{eq:ktd}
\end{eqnarray}
For comparison we also plot in Fig.~\ref{fig:scalbounds} the bounds
directly given by Eq.~\eqref{eq:ksd}. As seen the results from the full
analysis are in reasonable quantitative agreement with the approximations
above.

From Eqs.~\eqref{eq:ksd}--~\eqref{eq:ktd} we can see that for a given
value of $\Lambda_u$ at the same scale dimension $d$, the bounds on
$M$ are $\sim 100$ times more stringent for vector unparticles. For
tensor unparticles the bounds on $M$ will be
$\sim 3/\sqrt{\Lambda_u/{\rm TeV}}$ times those  for the scalar
case. The bounds tend to get substantially relaxed as $d$ increases.
Consequently, , if the low energy scale is of the other
$\Lambda_u\sim$ TeV,
one cannot provide very significant constraints on vector and
tensor unparticles arising in a full conformal symmetry
-- for which $d>3,4$ respectively-- from their long-range effects on
neutrino oscillation data.

\section{Discussion}
\label{sec:disc}

We have studied the effect of the long-range forces induced by the coupling of
unparticle operators to fermions of the SM, which are exerted along the
the neutrino trajectory from its production point inside the Sun
to its detection at the Earth.
We have used data from solar neutrino experiments and the newest KamLAND
results to show that one can place stringent constraints on the parameters
involved in the description of these new interactions.

For a scalar unparticle, for instance, assuming the non-universality of
the lepton couplings to unparticles to be of the order of a few per mil,
{\it i.e.} $\alpha_s =10^{-3}$, and $d_{\rm UV}=3$,
we find that the mass $M$ of the UV exchanged particle is constrained to be
$M>8\times  10^{8}$ TeV ($M> 7\times 10^{9}$ TeV), for the scaling dimension $d=1.1$, if
the lower energy scale  is at $\Lambda_u =$ 1 TeV (10 TeV).

In general the bounds derived here are much stronger than the reach at
present and near future colliders. They are comparable with those
imposed from cosmology and astrophysics and from the effect on
the modification of the Newtonian law of gravity. For the sake of comparison
we show in Table~\ref{tab1} our bounds together with those imposed by
BBN~\cite{cosmo1}, and from the compilation in Table 2 of
Ref.~\cite{wyler} of the bounds from astrophysics and 5th force experiments.
In order to make this comparison we have assumed all $C^f_S$ to be
of order 1 but that some violation of universality is allowed at the
per mil level.

\begin{table}
\begin{tabular}{|l|r|r|r|r|}
\hline
Scalar Unparticle & \multicolumn{4}{c|}{$M>$ (TeV)} \\
\hline
 $\Lambda_u$ & \multicolumn{2}{c|}{1 TeV} &
\multicolumn{2}{c|}{10 TeV} \\
\hline
d & 1.3 &  1.6 & 1.3 & 1.6 \\
\hline
This work & $1.3\times 10^{6}$ & $100$  & $9 \times 10^{6}$ & $500$  \\
\hline
BBN &  $3.2\times 10^{5}$ & $5.8\times 10^3$
& $4.7\times 10^6$ & $1.2\times 10^6$\\
\hline
E\"{o}tv\"{o}s-type~ &
$1.9\times 10^{6}$ & $3.5\times 10^{3}$
& $1.3 \times 10^{7}$ & $1.6 \times 10^{4}$ \\
\hline
Energy loss from stars~ & $800$ & $26$ & $5.5\times 10^3$ & $120$ \\
\hline
SN 1987A~ & $430$ & $55$ & $3\times 10^3$ & $260$ \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{Limits on $M$ from various sources testing for signals from
scalar unparticle couplings to fermions. Here $d_{\rm UV}=3$ was
used in deriving all bounds and $\alpha_s =10^{-3}$ was used for
our work.}
\label{tab1}
\end{table}
We can see that for low values of the scale $d$, the bounds
derived in this work are comparable to the most stringent ones, coming from
scalar unparticle mediated 5th-force tests. However, unlike these last ones,
the bounds from the solar neutrino oscillation effects would apply even
if the unparticles do not couple baryons.

Conversely, the bounds we derived in this work can also be
converted into severe constraints on universality violation of the neutrino
couplings to unparticle operators with scales which can be accessible at
future colliders.
For example, for $M=\Lambda_u=1$ TeV and $C_S^f={\cal O}(1)$, the bounds in
Eq.~\eqref{eq:ksd} imply that
\begin{equation}
\frac{C^{\nu_e}_{S}-C^{\nu_a}_{S}}{C_S^{\nu_e}} \leq
4.5\times 10^{-38}- 1.5\times 10^{-9}
\end{equation}
for $d=1.1$--$1.6$.
Therefore in the absence of a model justification of why flavour
effects on the neutrino couplings to unparticle operators are more constrained
than on unparticle couplings for other fermions, this analysis implies that most
likely the fermion couplings to unparticles which can be tested at colliders
will be flavour blind.

\vspace{-0.3cm}
\begin{acknowledgments}
\vspace{-0.3cm}
One of us (R.Z.F) is grateful for the hospitality of the
Departament d'Estructura i Constituents de la Mat\`eria,
Universitat de Barcelona during part of this work.
This work is supported by National Science Foundation
grant PHY-0354776, by Spanish Grants  FPA-2004-00996,
by Funda\c{c}\~ao de Amparo \`a Pesquisa do Estado
de S\~ao Paulo (FAPESP) and by Conselho Nacional de Ci\^encia e
Tecnologia (CNPq).
\end{acknowledgments}

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Reports now suggest the home of a Syrian Refugee family is involved in a terrorism-related investigation.
According to various news outlets, the home was one of two in Ontario raided on Thursday. The family was sponsored by a local group. Two people have been arrested, but details on their identities have not been released. The RCMP is expected to release an investigation update this afternoon.
The partial government shutdown in the US is now grounding flights.
Various airports including LaGuardia in New York are reportedly too understaffed to allow flights to take off. This will lead to massive delays in many flights arriving and leaving from the US.
The FBI has arrested another man aligned with Donald Trump.
Roger Stone's home was raided this morning and he was arrested on allegations he obstructed the ongoing Russia investigation by lying to the FBI. White House officials have commented on the arrest saying the charges have nothing to do with President Trump.


Jamie Carragher's Bar, just off Time Square, New York is now home for several Spirit of Liverpool Liver Birds. Named after the Liverpool FC legend it is a hot favourite with Reds fans and ex-pats.
It is owned by Irishman Brian Mclaughlin, who describes himself as an 'adopted Scouser'.
The bar and restaurant is packed with football memorabelia and Jamie himself has visited a number of times.
Brian is working with Spirit of Liverpool partners Arthur Johnson and Rick Myers on a number of ideas to strengthen the links between the two cities.
The Spirit of Liverpool has finally landed!


text:
Advertiser Training Seminar
Meet the UK Team
Awin Thoughts: What role can affiliate marketing play in the era of climate change?
Written by Robert Davinson on
27th Sep 2019 .
Anyone familiar with the late, great US stand-up Bill Hicks will know his acerbic views on those of us working in advertising.
Such a view is not uncommon as far as the wider public are concerned either. In fact it was only back in January that the UK's Advertising Association published a survey revealing the public perception of advertising had plummeted to an all-time low of just 25%.
Making a positive difference to society is not something closely associated with what we all do on a daily basis. Like it or not, that complicated report you've wrestled with all week to accurately benchmark your client's share of the insurance market isn't going to alleviate global poverty in any discernible way.
Which is why it was interesting to note the prominent presence of the ad industry at the climate protests last week.
I headed down to Westminster on Friday to join the massed ranks along with many others, not just in London, but right across the world.
Awin had made a positive decision to allow its staff to attend the protests, supporting them in their right to get behind the cause.
Down by the riverside in Victoria Tower Gardens, next to the historic Houses of Parliament, thousands of protestors listened to speeches decrying the political apathy shown by government, chanted for change, and held aloft banners and placards articulating the full gamut of emotions that the climate crisis has provoked. Hope, satire, despair and fury.
Among those held aloft were several from the cross-industry initiative 'Create and Strike', a movement focused on illustrating how the advertising industry can help make a contribution to the wider campaign.
Such an initiative would appear paradoxical to many (Bill Hicks foremost). Here was an industry traditionally in the business of encouraging mass consumption protesting against the crushing impact such consumption has so far had on our planet's environment.
But advertising and marketing are ultimately amoral entities. They're tools for achieving specific actions, chiefly the sale of goods and products to consumers currently.
With a change in priorities though, those same tools can be a profoundly effective means of achieving positive societal improvements.
And those priorities are beginning to change as consumer habits start to reflect a burgeoning awareness of how the things they buy impact the environment.
In fact, with governments and policymakers still dragging their feet in implementing green laws and genuinely constructive regulation, many individuals are realising they hold more power to enact actual change via their wallets rather than via the ballot box.
What's great about the affiliate channel is how you can see the industry's entrepreneurial spirit respond to this evolving consumer appetite. It's apparent in the affiliates that arrive and provide solutions for it.
Consider reGAIN, an award-winning UK app that prevents unwanted clothing going to landfill by offering users a discount code in exchange for those same clothes. reGAIN recycle the unwanted item and now work with a host of prominent retailers who are keen to support and be associated with the proposition.
Or Ethical Fashion Guide, a site dedicated to gathering in one space all of the global fashion brands that sell ethically manufactured fashion goods to make it easier to shop with a conscience.
Or Shop Green, a retailer directory site that uses the commission it earns from sales to fund the planting of trees around the world, offsetting carbon emissions.
And that's not to forget the increasing number of ethical brands that are entering the channel, using affiliates as a means of connecting with the growing band of conscious consumers online.
Brands like Hand in Hand in the US, a personal care brand which donates a bar of soap and one month of clean water to a child in need for every product purchased.
Or Natura Brasil, a carbon neutral Brazilian beauty product retailer that is the first publicly-traded B Corp and a vocal advocate for environmental sustainability.
Or, away from the beauty sector, the Italian clean energy provider Alperia, using affiliates to promote its renewable energy supply to local customers.
Ultimately, if actions are what's required to achieve the kind of dramatic changes that experts argue we need, then affiliate marketing can perhaps be an influential lever in this overall drive.
Its strength as an ad model is premised upon its anchoring in the real world. The affiliate channel prides itself on delivering real actions from consumers. Historically that has always been in the form of validated sales or leads. Publishers are awarded by their advertiser partners for delivering these tangible results.
Therefore it makes logical sense that affiliates can similarly drive real world environmental changes if the reward mechanisms are similarly aligned.
An affiliate programme configured to reward higher commissions for more environmentally friendly products, or one that rewards publishers for reducing customer return rates, thereby reducing the environmental impact of further delivery and packaging costs, can bring about these kinds of change.
But an expectation that advertisers change their incentive models overnight is unlikely, unrealistic and unfair. More intervention is needed by governments to ensure that environmental issues are made a priority for all businesses, sitting alongside profitability as a desired outcome.
Allied to the increasing consumer demand for ethical values from the businesses they buy from, affiliate marketing (and advertising in general) can fulfil a pivotal role in changing the direction of climate change.
Awin Thoughts
© 2020, AWIN Ltd. All rights reserved. Awin is part of Axel Springer Group. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner.
United Kingdomchange

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Aussie Arcade > Game Consoles, Computers, Radio Controlled, Mobile Phones and GPS > Computers > Back yard Pc Repair on the sunnycoast??
View Full Version : Back yard Pc Repair on the sunnycoast??
Does anyone know of any one that fixes old pcs on the sunshine coast??


This marvelous silk night dress dates from about 1910, and is one of the best-preserved Edwardian era silks in Richard's amazing collection! We have listed this pale-green beauty in both the "Flapper Frillies" and "Bridal Trousseau" categories. Click on one of the 'Gloria' models to explore our special boutiques!
For a silk lingerie piece that is about 100 years old, we are amazed to find this gown looking almost as if it were made just yesterday! The silk crepe fabric is in perfect condition, and the lace neckline and hip pockets are also in mint condition. This gown has stitched-down pleats which are just as sharp as they originally were. The gown is cut on the straight-of-grain, and is designed to hang straight from the shoulders. No belt is provided, and there are no belt loops at the sides. A silk ribbon-belt could be added, but we feel the gown looks and feels best without a belt. Although the gown is essentially a "one-size-fits-all", we think this is a wonderful gown for anyone of any size.
We offer this beauty as a wonderful boudoir gown that will be a joy to the fortunate buyer. It is ready to wear and fit for today's Star – YOU – the Leading Lady of your Life!


text:
Poor Elijah's Almanack: All is not lost - yet
Peter Berger
President Obama, followed by student body President Reginald Sarpong, waves to students as he arrives for the graduation ceremony for Worcester Technical High School, Wednesday, June 11, 2014, in Worcester, Mass. Afterward he will attend a democratic fundraiser in Massachusetts, before returning to Washington. (AP Photo/Charles Krupa)AP
Every June Poor Elijah accepts that the President and Oprah have garnered all the commencement invitations. Fortunately, nothing exciting ever happens on my porch, so he always has a venue for his annual address.
Pour yourself some iced coffee and settle in.
The President says "education is everything to our children's future." Secretary of Education Arne Duncan agrees I'm doing "the most important work in the country." Apparently, though, I'm not doing it very well. I know this because Mr. Duncan also says I'm part of a "school to prison pipeline." He further claims a "staggering" forty percent of college freshmen require remediation, even in Massachusetts, which ranks first in achievement nationwide.
Inconveniently, his forty percent figure was roughly double the actual number. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, the number crunchers in Mr. Duncan's education department, the average percentage for all fifty states is closer to twenty percent.
I mention this because Mr. Duncan, like most policymakers, is adamant that data should drive education reform. It's bad enough that most education data is meaningless, unreliable, and expensive. It's even more unnerving when experts who zealously judge and "transform" schools according to data can't even get their faulty data right.
Of course, at the same time Mr. Duncan complains that too many students graduate unprepared for college, he also maintains that most students drop out of school "not because it's too hard, but because it's too easy."
In other words, students who complete high school don't know enough, but students who don't complete high school drop out because learning all the things they don't know would have been too easy.
Most dropouts weren't getting A's. They were failing the "easy" classes Mr. Duncan condemns. Making those classes more academically difficult might be a good idea, but it's unlikely to result in fewer students dropping out.
Students who aren't meeting allegedly low standards aren't likely to succeed if you make the standards higher. If I can't vault over a three-foot bar, setting the bar at six feet probably won't help. Therein lies the flaw in most reform schemes, including reform's current flavor, the Common Core.
Welcome to the looking glass world in which my "important work" takes place.
Mr. Duncan and the plague of experts like him who don't know the first thing about teaching are problematic. Forty years of education reform, premised on pipedreams, have been counterproductive. Some teachers are incompetent and should be dismissed. But none of these is education's most pernicious menace.
Over the years I've known many students and their parents. Most have been decent, hard-working people with ordinary human blind spots and flaws, liable to intemperate moments, but generally reasonable.
Some have not been so.
This is to be expected.
What's unexpected and ill-advised is how we deal with these aberrant individuals.
Individuals who harm other students, threaten them, or disrupt their education should be excluded from school. I don't care what the Attorney General and Mr. Duncan say. They don't live every day in a classroom. Their glib platitudes about safe schools and the "learning process" ring as hollow as Marie Antoinette's suggestion that the peasants eat cake.
I don't know that I could bear what some of my students do. I cut them some slack when I can. But in the end I'm more obliged to care about the rights of the students they terrorize and whose educations they steal. Education may be a right, but it's a right that can be lost, like the right of drunks to drive and the right of criminals to roam freely in society.
If we don't stand united against violence and disruption, don't come to me about why my students don't learn.
Students aren't failing because the material is too easy or too boring. Some things have always been boring. That formerly didn't stop Americans from learning them.
Learning isn't always fun, and the harder it gets, the less fun it becomes. That's why three-year-olds don't feel the burden of work as much as thirty-year-olds do. Life isn't an arcade. The fact that so many policymakers think that's what school should be helps explain why our nation is growing less productive and competitive.
Students don't need to learn because it's fun or even interesting, or because it gratifies their immediate appetites. They need to learn because if they don't, no one will, and that will mean an end to American life as they know it. If that's not enough motivation, I don't have anything better.
If we can't impress that imperative on our children, don't come to me about why my students don't learn.
Families increasingly expect schools to feed their children, exercise their children, treat their illnesses, teach them values, prevent their pregnancies, and generally fill in as parents.
Parents increasingly come to school demanding, "What are you going to do to solve my child's problem." Irrational demands, obscenities, and intimidation are daily fare for too many teachers and principals.
If we don't stand united against the most irresponsible among us, don't come to me about why my students don't learn.
All is not lost yet. It's important that you as this year's graduates understand that.
More than my words can say rides on your understanding.
Godspeed.
Peter Berger teaches English in Weathersfield, Vermont. Poor Elijah would be pleased to answer letters addressed to him in care of the editor.


The Guardians' latest foe is Phase, who, like his name, is able to pass through objects. This makes it especially difficult for the heroes to capture the parkour-happy villain, who dabbles in small time theft.
After being humiliated for the umpteenth time, Chaos finds inspiration from a fisherman; soon, the Guardians are able to capture Phase.
By now, Guardians has established its pattern for storytelling: the brothers Chaos & Element reflect on the current situation, and then go off to save the city or fight the next villain. It's a good set-up, but it needs to be pushed past these 'slice-of-life' moments; I do believe, however, that the story is being pushed in that direction with the end of the issue, showcasing the superpower-blessed villains in their prisons.
There is obviously a bigger force at work—who, or where are these antagonists receiving their powers from—and the story is in prime positioning to transition to the next arc.
Justin Jordan talks GUARDIANS and SIDEWAYS at NYCC 2017!


text:
DOSARAF INTRODUCES OVEN DRIED CATFISH INTO NIGERIA MARKET
Home/Agriculture • Catfish • entrepreneur /DOSARAF INTRODUCES OVEN DRIED …
By admin August 17, 2017 Agriculture, Catfish, entrepreneurAgribusiness, Agriculture, Catfish, entrepreneur, Fish
Dosaraf Multtibiz Koncep as launched their first food product kwon as Dosaraf Oven Dried Catfish. According to Mr Aderonmu, the Chief Executive Officer said that the product was launched to take advantage of the market opportunities in bridging the gap that exist in providing good, affordable food product. It is known that fish is an important and main food material of Nigerian. The continued growth of population, income and urbanization assures the high demand for fishes in Nigeria. Nigeria has a large market for smoked catfish, with a population of over 165 million people and an estimated national population growth rate of 5.7% per annum, an average economic growth rate of 3.5% per annum in the past five (5) years, it's consumption cuts across every strata of the society both the rich and poor, coupled with the health benefits of the product as a source of omega-3 fatty acids that as continually played an important role in the prevention of heart disease and type 2 diabetes.
The product that is well packaged is Free of preservatives, Tasty, Ready to eat, Free of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) and has a Six (6) months shelf life. Speaking on target market, the product will be sold to individuals, hotels, bars and restaurants and other processors, the packaged smoked catfish will be sold to individuals, shops and supermarkets.
With installed production capacity to process 2.4 tonnes of Live catfish monthly, the company engages a unique marketing strategy in the sales of their Packaged Oven Dried Catfish engaging wholesale distributorship across the country and empowering youths their distribution channel. The product is been sold across the country and is available in various supermarkets. Speaking on exportation of the Dried Catfish Mr Aderonmu said they are looking at the export opportunity in the nearest future as they target the local market while improving on the product on a daily basis.
Distributorship opportunities still exist for youths and young entrepreneurs who are ready to be their own boss and start their own business to partner with our organization in our distribution supply network.
AFRICALEAD USAID HOLDS ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND AGRIBUSINESS DEVELOPMENT TRAINING FOR YOUTHS IN NIGERIA


Meet beautiful baby William. He was only 4 days old and he was so awake and alert. He loved to follow his momma with his eyes and his favorite pacifier is his daddy's left pinkie! He was so cute and such a trooper.


Shakhtar maintains leadership in the U21 League: the Donetsk team has 10 points with goal difference being 14-2. In the last round the Pitmen played a draw with Karpaty in Lviv (1-1). Having conceded a penalty shot, Valeriy Kriventsov's squad created a dozen chances, but only scored once - Mykyta Adamenko distinguished himself.
After four rounds Dnipro are 4th in the standings. Oleksandr Poklonskyi's squad earned seven points - two wins, a draw and a loss. Last weekend the Dnipro team defeated Vorskla in a home game (2-0) thanks to the goals by Yevhen Bokhashvili and Vladyslav Supriaha.
The Ukrainian national U18 team is participating in a tournament which is currently underway in the Czech Republic. Dnipro has delegated a group of players born in 1999 and 2000, which are now risking to miss the match against the Pitmen (Andrii Lunin, Timofei Sukhar, Oleksandr Safronov, Yaroslav Homenko, and Vladyslav Supriaha). The Donetsk club's players called to the junior team this season are playing for Shakhtar U19.
Two years ago, Dnipro became the winners of the U21 League and last season they finished third. Dmytro Mikhailenko who headed the reserve team was promoted to lead the first team of the Blue-and-Whites this season, which includes the leading players of the U21 team.
In the Youth and reserve team league the opponents held 24 matches. Shakhtar has 11 wins, 6 games were drawn, and Dnipro won 7 times. The goal difference is 38-28 for the Pitmen.
In the 2015/16 season, the Orange-and-Blacks beat the Dnipro team in Shchaslyve: Andrii Boiarchuk scored in the 1st minute, and Serhii Grin scored on the 60th (2-0). The March encounter at an away game against Dnipro ended in a 0-0 draw.
The top scorers of the U21 championship are Shakhtar players Giorgi Arabidze and Mykyta Adamenko with four goals each with the Ukrainian midfielder having scored in each of the four games of the season. Dnipro's top scorers are Yevhen Bokhashvili and Yehor Nazarin (three goals each).
Shakhtar midfielder Oleksandr Mihunov played for Dnipro's reserve team from 2010 to 2015 (95 games, 3 goals) and appeared in three games for the first team. And the Pitmen's defender Illia Ichuaidze is a native of Dnipro city.
This season, Shakhtar U21 have not conceded in a home game, scoring 11 goals against their opponents (Zirka and Oleksandriya).


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Discussion in 'Wild Camping' started by Wildbill, Jan 21, 2017.
So how many actually wild camp in the winter.
We love wild camping in the winter. We've a great heater in the RV and have silver screens, thermal curtain linings and a Norwegian blanket on the bed so very toasty inside. Last Feb had breakfast outside in glorious sunshine and 12" of snow under foot! Can't beat it!
Bill I wild camp all year round. We had a great time away over Christmas and woke up to some very fresh, cold, frosty days, but I love them. Sitting inside all nice and warm, eating breakfast looking at frosty trees and fields is great.
I don't use the silver screens, can't be bothered with the mess and then the storage, or the fitting etc. I don't take anything extra from what I carry all year round, apart from using the winter quilt, but even that's kept in a vacuum sealed bag ready for use.
When we wild camp I close off the air vents, put a strap across the doors, fit the crook lock and exit the cab. I then drop a number of blankets tucked in under the mattress on the overcab bed and then tuck them in behind the front seats. Not only does it insulate the living area, it also acts as a great blackout too and doesn't advertise too much, the fact that we're wild camping.
Silver screens, what the hell are them. You only need them where its cold. Wilding is best done in a warm climate. Best keep well away from Spain this year, Tagazout is looking good at the minute.
We are off grid all the time never hook up even at home.
Glad to hear not everyone uses Silver Screens. I intended to buy some as everyone else seems to use them, but hadn't got round to ordering any before we left for Pembrokeshire for 5nights over the Christmas break. I am now in two minds whether or not to buy them as we were more than comfortable with just the cab curtains closed. Can't work out if the cost and faff is really worth getting some?
One other thing if wild camping , you want to be ready to drive off in case of any trouble, not collecting screens up off your windows.
Good point! Makes me wonder how many people use them and if they make a big enough difference to make buying some a priority?
They have quite a big following on here but must say we have never felt the need , as you found we are never cold in winter, and in the summer we welcome the sun in , that's why we opted for a van with big windows and roof lights, not for covering up.
Wild camp all year round, luv it, sometimes get a little fed up of the childish idiots who see you parked up late at night and have to pamp their horn - fkin idiots !
This was us weekend before last @Wildbill Up at Tan Hill Inn.
We have a silver screen and use it. Stops condensation and keeps the diesel heating in ! Though we wouldn't if we were parked up somewhere we thought we may have to make a quick getaway. Saying that , we wouldn't wild somewhere if we felt like that , really Anyway.
But we take the silver screen out most trips. The only time we use the remi blinds is in the summer. We've got Michelin agilis mud and snow tyres on Pug. So yes, we go out all weathers all year round. Without hook up.
My screen are home mad and internal can rip them down and be gone in a blink.
But in all our years of wild camping never had any problems but i think we maybe go very remote or we have ben lucky.


A composing which consists of more than 40 different pictures and nearly 100 PS-layers. I made this picture in Semptember 2012.
A composing which consists of more than 40 different pictures and nearly 100 PS-layers.
I made this picture in Semptember 2012.


text:
Q: Accepting cookies with Emacs URL package I'm sending a POST request, it goes through fine but when I receive a cookie back it always gets rejected.
I've tried adding the url that sends me a cookie to the url-cookie-trusted-urls but they still get rejected.
Any idea why this might be?
There's really not much else to say I think... I'll be glad to answer any questions you might have.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


ACADIA 2014: 3D Printed Design Innovations Using Stratasys Systems - Part 2 - Robolab Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
At the recent ACADIA (the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture) conference held at USC, a prestigious line-up of renowned artists collaborated with Stratasys to showcase 3D printed innovations.
In these exclusive interviews, you'll learn how Alvin Huang, Jose Sanchez, Jenny Wu and Dr. David Gerber are pushing the design boundaries for everything from furniture and fashion to interactive games and architecture.
The unique 3D printed pieces featured in Part 1 and Part 2 of this video explore the relationships between form and performance, and the design nuances made possible with color, multi-material 3D printing.


As a practice we have been using the herd management software DairyComp 305 extensively for over three years, and understand how to use this system at a very advanced level. Stuart Russell worked very hard to get this software into our practice as he felt it's simply the best dairy data analysis tool in the world.
Some of our clients have already installed it on farm and those of you who receive our monthly CowWatch reports will be a little familiar with it's formatting, maybe without realising it. The detail of information we can extract about your herds is unbelievable, and we have used it to make some serious management decisions on farms calculating the likely herd and cost benefits of the change.
Whether you have it installed on farm or just allow us to access your information together we can look at your fertility and production data in more detail than ever before. Remember that software that isn't up to scratch could well be giving you the wrong advice! All we require is your permission to access your on-farm DairyComp 305 or milk recording data.


I remember when I first decided to become a Communication major at UCSB, my high school friends furrowed their eyebrows in confusion and asked, "So, are you studying the way people talk?" Well, in a way.
Communication is the study of how to craft a message, the medium in which the message is placed, the effects of that message, and so much more. This field intersects with many other disciplines such as psychology, anthropology, English (and any other language), economics, sociology, political science, and philosophy. Because of its flexibility, the major is versatile enough to be useful in different professions--the options are almost limitless.
Marketing is the promotion, product, placement, and price that a company offers to its public. Having a Communication degree under your belt will allow you to make smart decisions when analyzing the demographics and demands of your target audience. Even in a general sector of business, marketing is a huge umbrella that encompasses several other professions such as advertising.
UCSB offers COMM166 (Marketing Communication) for course credit. I took it over the summer for a 3-week crash course, and I personally found Professor Myers' lectures to be very informative and useful, especially during my summer internship in which I had to use marketing jargon on the daily.
Public relations is the professional maintenance of a celebrity's, organization's or company's public image. Professionals in this field have to earn their placement in media by continuously shaping their client to have a positive image in order for news, TV, and radio to give them a promotion. A Communication degree will be very helpful in obtaining press coverage, holding press conferences, and managing social media.
UCSB offers WRIT107P (Writing in Public Relations), a class that will be useful for this career path. Although it is not a Communication class, this writing course will prepare you for the daunting PR tasks of press releases, media kits, social media, and newsletters, while subsidizing it with everyday professional activities such as memos and emails.
Advertising is a marketing communication tactic that employs sponsorship. Unlike public relations in which a company has to earn media placement, advertising allows the company to take control of the message and where its placed. Communication is vital in crafting a promotional message to the audience as sellers would want to maximize their sales and profits.
UCSB offers COMM138 (Advertising Lit) if you are interested in learning more about the advertising industry, advertising campaigns, and how to make a successful ad.
Journalism is the profession of writing hard facts and news coverage for newspapers, TV, magazines, and other types of broadcast publications. The world of journalism heavily requires communication skills from gathering information, interviewing key subjects, and writing the content for the audience to read.
UCSB offers WRIT107J (Writing in Journalism) in which students can learn to write articles from heavy background research, strategic interview techniques, editing, writing formatting, and much more. The school has recently started a journalism certificate as an extension thanks to Professor Nomi Morris!
Practicing law means enforcing American laws and prosecuting or defending your client. This profession requires strong communication skills in order to convey logical and substantial arguments, especially in public speaking.
UCSB offers COMM170 (Communication Law) to provide a historical overview of the First Amendment in the U.S. Constitution and the modern application of it.
Providing an educational curriculum for the future generations involves strong communication skills to implement effective teaching methods. Whether to a kindergartener or a high school student, teachers need to be able to explain concepts and assignments clearly to ensure that students are learning.
UCSB has an education minor available to those who are interested in pursuing a career in this field. This will complement a Communication major for future teachers!


You will not find information leading to a connection to Bisphenol A and breast implants. While information is being circulated about a connection, the proponents of a connection fail to show one evidentiary document that proves Bisphenol A was in any breast implant.
From 1962 until the early 90's, there were over 700 formulas in the manufacturing of silicone gel breast implants. While Bisphenol A may be in some, there is no evidence of Bisphenol A in the formulas I have examined.
The site mistress has examined over 200,000 evidentiary documents. To this date, January 11, 2009, I have found no documents that show Bisphenol A in any of the formulas I have reviewed.
If I ever do find such evidence, I will post the information here. Until such time as I do, there will be no call to action from this site.
Thank you for dropping by. This site is dedicated to the 800,000* women who obtained breast implants from 1962-1992. They were the true "lab rats" in an unauthorized "study" that has never been objectively presented to the world. Many are gone but they are not forgotten.
All evidentiary documents found on this site are public domain and may be ordered from the National Breast Implant Depository.
Irondale is located on the southeastern side of Birmingham, Alabama. The Depository will be open and available for use by the parties in Birmingham on October 2, 2000.
Thanks to all the plastic surgeons whose links are appearing on this site. Your advertising dollars to Tripod/Lycos help me present the truth about the dangers of breast implants to the women you lure into your offices. That is not the way you intended, but is the way the "rest of the story" gets told: the story the majority of plastic surgeons never share with their patients.
Journey through this world with us. Learn from the court evidence. Share the knowledge you gain in this site and those that link to it. Enter here.
FDA MEDWATCH - Critical - report all health and implant related incidents.
Last fall, my daughter Brenna began to experience vision problems. In the following months, she bravely kept on with her school work, valiantly striving toward her Masters in Criminal Justice Administration in spite of undergoing four surgeries in her left eye.
On May 26th, 4 1/2 classes from her Masters, after posting a message to her online class, Brenna went to bed about 3 AM. She was fine then. At 9 AM, when I went to awaken her, she had suffered an anoxic event of unknown cause.
Brenna is not awake yet but is greatly improved. She knows when Mom arrives in her room. She listens to her favorite music and to Alister Begg, her alltime favorite radio minister.
Let me share this with you. After a long day at the hospital, I came home, tired and worried. Not long after I went to sleep, I awakened suddenly to these words, "She SHALL BE HEALED!". The next day, as I sat by her bed, I told her that God is healing her and that God keeps his promises. Always. And I was reminded that not long before this incident, she told me that doubt and worry is an insult to God.
My little girl, your mom loves you so much and you have taught me so much. I look forward to the day when you will teach your mom again.
She has had the prayer support of so many people across this nation and even in foreign countries. I placed a map on her wall and place a star in the location where someone is praying for her. I want her to know that the power of united prayer upheld her in this very tragic time in her life.
For all of you who have prayed for her and sent the message to others, as her mom, I am forever grateful. Your prayers have given me wings of hope.


17/11/2009 · This can also be accomplished with a small hatchet. I've experimented with all three methods, and I prefer to cut the crabs in half. I've found that this makes the crab easier to clean before cooking and easier to pick after cooking. I prefer to kill crabs by cutting them in half. It seems to be the quickest and cleanest method. The Piercing Method: The Halving Method: How to Clean Crabs... Water hose cleaning: The best way to rinse the guts and goo from a crab is with a water hose. Crabs are clean and ready to be steamed. Sprinkle with seasoning: Give your crabs a good coating of your favorite seafood seasoning.
11/05/2011 · Jim Haguewood demonstrates how to clean a crab. Haguewood, a 1981 graduate of Washington State University's hotel and restaurant management programs, has been eating and cleaning crab for as long how to download pokemon red on android 12/06/2018 · Pull the top of the crab's shell off using your fingers. Stick your thumbs in the small opening at the backside of the crab. Pull in opposite directions with your thumbs until the top part of the crab's shell tears from the rest of its body.
Color and Spices How to clean crabs..
If you wish to preserve the actual crab's shell, you will need to separate it joint by joint to clean, and then reassemble it later. The anthill method is the best for this, and works best if you separate the top and bottom halves of the shell.
Typically, crab legs, both small and large ones, have a quick cooking time. Fresh and raw crab legs are prepared similarly as precooked and frozen crab legs. However, fresh or raw legs take longer to cook compared to the precooked.
Once cooked, place mud crabs into this and when cool, clean them in the slurry water. This way the FLAVOUR with salt stays within the mud crab. This way the FLAVOUR with salt stays within the mud crab.


There's a certain unmistakeable quality about the classic rich tone of vintage amps that makes them sought-after by countless guitarists. However, there are only so many of them to go around and they're disappearing fast, which means that more and more of us are searching for a modern amp that can evoke the same vintage character. That's exactly why 65amps guitar amplifiers were created. One of the masterminds behind 65amps is Peter Stroud, a professional guitarist who's toured with the likes of Don Henley, Sheryl Crow and Stevie Nicks. After Stroud teamed up with his colleague Dan Boul, the two set out to build heads, cabinets and combos that would take the tone of a big vintage tube amp and repackage it into a smaller guitar amplifier with a sound just as warm and fuzzy, even at lower volumes better-suited to small venues.
Devoted to the spirit of classic rock, 65amps guitar amplifiers are set apart by their high-end components and hand-made construction, essential elements in creating a vintage-authentic amp. Also essential is second-to-none sound quality. In the Stone Pony 25W Combo Amp, that means 12" Celestion drivers for wide-ranging frequency response backed up by a 7591 power tube delivering '60s-era fuzz distortion. Another fantastic combo amp choice is the Ventura 112, a versatile performer that can go from American to British tone with just a few adjustments.
Combos are just the beginning of what 65amps has to offer. If you want to build a compact stack, you have tons of options, one suggestion would be to match the Lil' Elvis head to a Lil' Elvis cabinet. Although it's a 1x12 cab, you'll be pleasantly surprised to hear how the Lil' Elvis guitar amp head can make it sound more like a 4x12 setup. Based on unearthed 1960s designs, this head is packed with two EL84 power tubes and a 12AX7 in front. For genres running the gamut from hard rock to country to R&B to smooth jazz, there's little that Lil' Elvis can't do - and that's just one of several heads from 65amps, each with its own distinct personality.
Thanks to 65amps, there's no need to hunt for a hand-me-down vintage '60s amplifier. These amazing guitar amps will give you all the tone you could ask for with reliability that an old amp just can't offer. That's why artists like Dan Auerbach, Vince Gill and Bruce Springsteen (whose "Magic" album was mostly recorded on a London Pro head) trust 65amps to deliver on their promise of outstanding performance.


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Cover Reveal: 'The Last Odyssey' (Sigma Force Series) By James Rollins
Thursday, August 15, 2019 Books No comments
I am solwly burning my way through the Sigma Force series by James Rollins. I am became fan of his when I first read Demon Crown a couple of months ago. Since then I bought all hardcover books in the series, and is eagerly awaiting for the next and fifteenth book. And come early next year The Last Odyssey by James Rollins will be in our hands.
It seems a long wait, but don't worry: the official cover of the said book has just been revealed! This consistenly OCD-compliant cover (a design pattern which I am loving so much since the earlier books don't have matching covers) will at least temporarily fill the void of anticipation.
Check out the cover of The Last Odyssey by James Rollins.
To save the world and our future, Sigma Force must embark on a dangerous odyssey into an ancient past whose horrors are all too present in this page-turning thriller from #1 New York Times bestselling author James Rollins that combines cutting-edge science, historical mystery, mythology, and pulse-pounding action.
For eons, the city of Troy—whose legendary fall was detailed in Homer's Iliad—was believed to be myth, until archaeologists in the nineteenth century uncovered its ancient walls buried beneath the sands. If Troy was real, how much of Homer's twin tales of gods and monsters, curses and miracles—The Iliad and The Odyssey—could also be true and awaiting discovery? In the frozen tundra of Greenland, a group of modern-day climatologists and archaeologists stumble on a shocking find: a medieval ship buried a half mile below the ice. The ship's hold contains a collection of even older artifacts—tools of war—dating back to the Bronze Age. Inside the captain's cabin is a magnificent treasure that is as priceless as it is miraculous: a clockwork gold atlas encircled by an intricate silver astrolabe. The mechanism is signed with the name of its creator, Ismail al-Jazari, a famous Muslim inventor considered to be the Da Vinci of the Arab world—a brilliant scientist who inspired Leonardo's own work.
Once activated, the moving globe traces the path of Odysseus' famous ship as it sailed away from Troy. But the route detours as the map opens to reveal an underground river leading to a hidden realm underneath the Mediterranean Sea. The map indicates that this subterranean world is called Tartarus, the Greek name for Hell. In mythology, Tartarus was where the wicked were punished and the monstrous Titans of old, imprisoned.
When word of Tartarus spreads—and of the cache of miraculous weapons said to be hidden there—tensions explode in this volatile region where Turks battle Kurds, terrorists wage war, and civilians suffer untold horrors. The phantasmagoric horrors found in Homer's tales are all too real—and could be unleashed upon the world. Whoever possesses them can use their awesome power to control the future of humanity.
Now, Sigma Force must go where humans fear to tread. To prevent a tyrant from igniting a global war, they must cross the very gates of Hell.
The Last Odyssey by James Rollins will be released on March 10, 2020.
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Greeting cards are a great way to show your feelings, celebrate an event or holiday or say something personal to a friend or loved one. Printing your own half-fold greeting cards can allow you to prepare customised and unique cards at home. You can create a greeting card for any occasion on your home PC and then print the card. By following these few easy steps, you can print a half- fold greeting card.
Take a sheet of blank copy paper and draw an arrow in the upper left-hand corner pointing toward the top of paper. Feed the paper into the printer with the arrow facing upward so it is visible and the arrow pointing toward the printer.
Open a word processing program on the computer and type a few words into the document. Print the document. From the direction of the arrow in correlation to the printed text, you can determine how the printer feeds in the paper.
Design or download a half-fold greeting card on the computer. Half-fold greeting cards consist of printed material on the front half of a piece of paper and printed material on the back half of the paper. When the card is printed and then folded, the result will be a greeting card with a front and interior design.
Insert a blank piece of card stock paper into the printer and print the first page of the greeting card. This will print the outside or front of the card.
Look at the printed test page to determine how to insert the greeting card to print the interior design. The directionality of the drawn arrow in regard to the printed text will determine how to reinsert the greeting-card paper into the printer. If the printed text and drawn arrow overlap each other in the upper left corner of the test page, insert the greeting-card paper into the printer with the printed side facing down and into the printer. If the printed text and drawn arrow are on opposing sides of the test page, insert the greeting card into the printer with the printed page facing upward and into the printer.
Print Page 2 of the greeting card design to complete the card printing.
Allow the ink to dry and fold the paper in half, with the front design facing forward, to complete your greeting card.


Post taged with uhaul picture boxes, slipcovers for dining room chairs that embellish your, dining room furniture with various designs available. Tips to consider when buying an antique dining room table. Go creative and pick unique dining room table and chairs.


KWV has unveiled SA's first and only XO Cognac produced under a South African brand name, the KWV Héritage XO Cognac. They've also unveiled KWV Nexus 30 year old brandy, the world's first commercially available 30 year old brandy containing potstill up to 42 years old.
According to KWV's Marketing Director, Peadar Hegarty, KWV is challenging the conventions of the industry with these two additions to its luxury product range. "Cognac can only be produced in Western France and verification of its authenticity is taken very seriously, protected by an origin appellation, meaning that in order for the blend to qualify as a cognac grapes must be sourced and the product must be bottled and matured in the Cognac region in France," he explains.
For KWV's XO Cognac, KWV formed a collaborative partnership with the French House of Maison Charpentier* and developed KWV Héritage XO, created by KWV's award winning Master Distiller Pieter de Bod who developed the blend in his brandy cellar in Paarl.
"Pieter chose from 20 of the finest "Extra Old" cognacs from the Petite Champagne and Grande Champagne regions in France, aged between 12 and 30 years, making it one of the oldest blends available worldwide and earning this cognac its prestigious Heritage XO distinction," says Hegarty.
He recalls the moment, saying that it was like watching a master pianist. "Pieter tasted each one, picked up the notes, then carefully chose the most precious blend, and our XO Héritage was born - a perfect finish great moment."
de Bod then travelled to France for the blending and maturation process. Cognacs from the sought after Petit Champagne area are characterized by their elegance and Master Distiller De Bod says that the artisans at Maison Charpentier, which was founded in 1895, are true masters of their craft, distilling their cognac on site in small batches, which are then carefully nurtured throughout the maturation process in French Oak barrels. He points out that this is significantly different from the mass produced mainstream brands.
"We are very proud to be the first South African company to produce a South African branded cognac," says de Bod. "This represents what is believed to be the world's first cross-continental alliance, illustrated by our brand statement of Two Continents, Two Keys, One Extraordinary Cognac."
KWV XO is rich amber in colour, conjuring up fruity flavours of litchi, cinnamon and fruitcake on the nose with notes of citrus, mocha and roasted coffee. "On tasting, one discovers a well-balanced cognac with hints of coffee and dark chocolate and a lingering, velvety finish," says de Bod.
Cognac is one of the most important export products of France with 98% being exported. While the US was the most important cognac market in the 90s, Asia, especially China, took prominence. The total luxury alcoholic beverage category is worth R1.1-billion per annum in South Africa alone, with cognac representing 5.7% volume and 7.6% in value, and growing.
The KWV Nexus 30-year old is a premium potstill brandy, handcrafted in small batches at the KWV cellars in Paarl using a blend ranging in age from 30 to 42 years old.
"Retailing at a recommended price of R23,000 Nexus is for those who want to celebrate those finish great moments with an exceptional brandy, that is personalised on order, from our retail partners," says Hegarty.
The Nexus name means the highest point of a connection. "It links our KWV journey to finish great, representing the pinnacle of our brandy journey, which begins with our 3 year old," he adds. "KWV differentiates itself in the spirits industry in offering such a clearly signposted range of aged potstills. Our Master Distiller, Pieter de Bod, oversees each step to ensure the product is exquisitely crafted so that uncompromised purity and handcrafted quality is captured in every drop."
de Bod says that during the first stage of maturation clear potstill spirit absorbs the characteristic colour of the oak and develops its flavours and bouquets (the scent of oak, warm vanilla and the rich aromas brought out during toasting).
"Gradually the years pass, until after 20 years, the brandy mellows, the bouquet becomes richer and the flavour known as 'Rancio' appears," he explains. "This is a Charentais term, being notes of exotic mushroom and walnut oil, complex specific aromas that develop during the long barrel ageing accentuating their intensity."
At the culmination of its journey KWV Nexus 30 reaches its apogee, the climax of its development. In fact KWV Nexus contains brandy up to 42-year-old blends.
de Bod describes the Nexus taste experience: "The rich golden amber liquid has a sweet strawberry jam, honey, dried orange peel and green pepper corn nose, which is well balanced with cinnamon, macadamia nuts and a smoky aroma complimented by old woody tawny port flavours. A well balanced brandy, it has a long finish with notes of spices, caramelized fruit and roasted coffee beans."
KWV Nexus brandy is packaged in a hand-blown bottle crafted by internationally acclaimed glass artist, David Reade. Each individually crafted bottle is sealed with a handmade Baltic Amber stone with origins that can be traced to tree resins going back 50 million years.
Hegarty points out: "We chose unconventional packaging, as we wanted to showcase the beautiful bottle and the use of all natural products put together by these artisans fits beautifully with our Finish Great philosophy. From vine to glass, this precious blend is the proud fulfilment of an incredible brandy-making odyssey that represents our Master Craftsmen at their very best."


The word 'chores' came up in our English Cafe class yesterday, and none of the class members knew the meaning.
Dad: Have you finished your chores?
Dad: Thank you very much I'll have another pint!
Oh, by the way. Mines a glass (or two) of beer!
These pamphets found their way to us last week from Chiiku Lab and look a little interesting.
A classical concert will be held at the Roppomgi K concert Salon on June 2nd, featuringYoshihiro Kondo on piano, Hajime Otomo on cello, Yuko Higuchi dancing and of NHK children's English fame, Eric Jacobsen.
Apparently when Eric isn't busy performing at English events (see his Hi Eric site) he also has a grown up band The Eric Jacobsen Band.
More details of the classical concert can be found on the Confetti website: English Here, Japanese here.
Made this sign to remind our younger elementary students not to use their mamorino or kidsphone during class time! Not only does it disturb the lesson but they are more than likely calling mum; who then wonders why her child is calling her during their English lesson. Double trouble!!
This was part of a project bringing time expressions, actions and shop vocabulary together as part of the MacMillan English coursebook.
I was impressed with how the children who took part in this project used the language they had studied over several months to come up with their own ideas. We'll definitely be doing more of this kind of work during 2018.
Unfortunately I forgot to give this particular work back before the boy and his family relocated to the north of Japan. Sorry!
Recevied these brightly coloured candies as a thank you present from two of my students, K & R.
I was intrigued to find out more about them as I hadn't seen anything like them before, turns out they are from a Spanish company called papabubble.
Will have to take a trip to one of their Tokyo shops soon!
Delighted to receive the new textbooks for this year from our preferred supplier englishbooks.jp.
This batch contained the Macmillan English and the Cengage Explore Our World textbooks to be used in our elementary classes.
Thanks to the staff at englishbooks.jp for the swift delivery.
I have added a new page added to the englishpool website, it is intended to be a gallery of students written/presentation work.
The first images are from work completed just before the Spring break by our Elementary A students, featuring their favourite animals.
I was so proud of what they achieved that I wanted to share it. Great work children!
You can take a look by clicking here.
I was asked a few weeks ago by a mother and son, who are relocating to the UK soon, "What's Tomica in English?"
As someone who grew up in the 1970s my first thought was Matchbox cars..we call them Matchbox cars...but hang on didn't they change to Corgi during my childhood...and then again are Corgi cars still in production?
Seems the best answer I could finally come up with was "Toy cars, we call them toy cars."
Just a quick reminder (maybe too late for some) this week englishpool is closed for a short spring holiday.


1970 – Jim Morrison's public indecency trial began.
1995 – Jimmy Buffett led a White House birthday celebration for President Clinton's birthday.
1999 – Paul "Bonehead" Arthurs announced his departure from Oasis.


Kayakalpa is a legendary system of total body rejuvenation. Originating in India , it was first brought to the west by Dr. Raam Pandeya. Kayakalpa purifies, nurtures and revitalizes the constituent elements of the body, mind and psyche with a series of customized therapy sessions, herbo-mineral preparations, vital breathing practices, dietary guidelines, and daily living recommendations. Kayakalpa begins with an in-depth consultation with Dr. Raam Pandeya to assess your unique constitution and individual needs.
The experience of Kayakalpa is one in which time suspends. It is a journey which releases physical and emotional toxins and blocks at the same time as it nurtures and revitalizes your being in a unique applied alchemy, transforming the intelligence of every cell to refine awareness of the Divine within.


Does IBD affect the mode of delivery in childbirth and does the mode of delivery affect IBD?
The presence of perianal disease leads to increased rates of caesarean sections. The mode of delivery does not affect the severity or course of IBD.
From an established cohort of 11,028 patients with IBD (Partners Healthcare network comprised of 2 tertiary hospitals and associated medical centres), ICD 9 codes were used to identify women (18-45 years of age) who had at least 1 pregnancy and delivery. Only the first pregnancy and delivery after the diagnosis of IBD was included in this study. Pregnancies ending in spontaneous abortion were excluded from the study. During the follow-up after delivery (median: 4 years), the following outcomes were assessed: changes in medication, hospitalizations, and IBD-related surgeries.
The final cohort of 360 women (CD, 86; UC, 114) were followed for a mean of 2 years prior to pregnancy and 4 years after delivery. No details as to the number of live births and infants were reported. There were 161 C- sections (CD, 47%; UC, 53%) versus 198 vaginal deliveries (CD, 39%; UC, 61%).
There was no significant difference reported for mode of delivery and IBD type. However, women with perianal or complex diseases had significantly more C-sections than vaginal deliveries, and women who were older at time of pregnancy were also more likely to have a C-section.
In the 133 women with CD and no history of perianal disease, the mode of delivery did not increase the risk of perianal fistulae during follow-up.
During follow-up, no significant differences between the mode of delivery were reported for initiation of either immunosuppressants or anti-TNF therapies, IBD-related hospitalizations, or IBD-related surgeries.


KLDJ is an FM radio station broadcasting at 101.7 MHz. The station is licensed to Duluth, MN and is part of the Duluth-Superior, MN radio market. The station airs oldies music programming and goes by the name "Kool 101.7" on the air with the slogan "Superhits of the 60's and 70's". KLDJ is owned by Townsquare Media.


My education experience with MCBS was challenging throughout. It was difficult managing my studies while working full time. However I must acknowledge that none of what I have achieved would have been possible without the consistent support of my professors, precisely HOD Comp. Science and Math Dr. Joseph Mani.
Studying at MCBS has provided me with the foundation of every work I do today in my career life. Though I value everything MCBS has taught me, I believe a person must have the passion within to acquire an educational degree.
I was an officer in HSBC Bank in the field of Corporate Banking when studying at MCBS. After earning my Bachelors degree in Computer Science I decided to make a move in the field of eChannels. I am heading projects in the same field currently with Bank Sohar.
Tell me a bit about the company you currently work for?
Provide assistance in providing strategic direction for the development of Internet banking and SMS Banking system together with quantified justification for their introduction.
Manage of Internet Banking and SMS Banking application system projects, coordinating with business units to facilitate a smooth rollout.
Studying at MCBS has provided me with the foundation and groundwork of every work I do today in my career life. In addition to my core specialization subjects, the curriculum offered various subjects that helped me sustain a reputable position at my workplace and around the society.
Whom must you report to in your organization?
I am intending to pursue a Master's degree in the field of MIS. I believe this will groom me to handle higher positions in the bank and attain a spot in Bank's management team.
Have you received any awards during your career?
Do you intend to continue further studies in the future? Yes. I am intending to pursue a Master's degree in the field of MIS. I believe this will groom me to handle higher positions in the bank and attain a spot in Bank's management team.