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Gardens on the Wall 2: The French Connections →
Amorous polygamy at Abbotsbury
No – it's not south-east Asia but south-west Dorset! Abbotsbury, a garden founded by the Strangways family in the late 18thc, was my first point of call recently on an out of season tour of some gardens in the south-west.
In 1863 Henry Fox Talbot, the inventor of photography, must have been rather surprised by the contents of a letter he had just received from his uncle, William Fox Strangways, the 4th earl of Ilchester. The two corresponded regularly and often about gardens but this time Uncle William was complaining about his elderly gardener not just chopping bulbs in two & trying to stick them together again but asking what he should do about "amorous polygamy". This was surely scarcely a subject fit for the pen of a Victorian gentleman so no wonder William said it had "left indelible impression in my memory."
Amyris polygama
From: Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles. by Jussieu & Turpin.
1816-1829, volume 5, plate 266
Actually its nothing as potentially scandalous as one might think. Uncle William's gardener was rather confused and asking what he should do with Amyris polygama, more commonly known as the Chilean pepper tree, one of the rarer plants in the garden. So sorry if you'd read this far expecting a bit of salacious gossip but read on to find out more about this amazing sub-tropical garden and its origins.
[All photos are my own from Feb 2018 unless otherwise stated]
Abbotsbury, unsurprisingly given its name, was the site of a monastery sold, after its dissolution by Henry VIII in 1539, to Sir Giles Strangways, He paid £1906 10s for the buildings, its manor, land, and the famous Swannery. Some of the abbey buildings were converted into a house, although it was never the main family home. It was besieged and largely destroyed in 1644 by the Parliamentary party.
Strangways Castle, later Abbotsbury Castle
By the mid-18thc taking the sea air and sea bathing was becoming popular, and the family began to visit Abbotsbury more regularly. However the rebuilt house was much smaller and in the village, inconveniently half a mile from the sea. So in 1765 William's grandmother, Elizabeth, the first Countess of Ilchester, had Strangways Castle built as a seaside home in the newly fashionable Gothick style. Although the architect is unknown it is known that Charles Hamilton (of Painshill fame) was consulted. The "castle" commanded "a very extensive sea prospect from the Bill of Portland to Torbay, between which no ships can pass without being distinctly seen", and by the 2nd edition of Hutchins' History and Antiquities of the County of Dorset in 1796 there was "a neat bathing-house on the beach, which is accommodated with hot and cold baths, dressing rooms, etc."
The view from the remains of the castle terrace over Chesil Beach, the Fleet and the Swannery [on left] towards Weymouth [far right]
The Countess much preferred Dorset to London and she and her eldest daughter Susanna, [Lady Susan O'Brien,William's aunt], planned a garden which sloped down away from the castle on the seaward side. They started planting it with "exotics" since "the climate is uncommonly genial and the grounds are so well sheltered". [Gardener's Chronicle, 18 August 1899].
Their original garden was rectangular and surrounded by high walls, with a stone summer-house in each corner so there was always somewhere to shelter from the strong winds and sea spray. It also included a rock garden that Alicia Amherst, the pioneering garden historian argued was probably the first purpose-built one in Britain, rather than any of "the stone compilations of the 'landscape' period." [Proceedings of the Conference of the Royal Horticultural Society and the Alpine Garden Society, RHS, 1936, p.13].
Another more sheltered walled garden, some two acres in extent, was also created a few hundred yards away in a valley behind the hill that faced the sea. This was to become the garden we see today.
In 1906, in his Book of English Gardens M.R.Gloag noted that "the rock garden she made, the Fig trees she planted, and the Arbours she built are there unchanged and have an eighteenth-century air about them, forming a veritable 'souvenir heureux' of a very charming woman."
Salisbury & Winchester Journal – 18 Sep 1815, Image © Britsih Library
The setting and hospitality attracted several royal visitors including Princess Charlotte of Wales who made several visits to Abbotsbury in 1814, and was "struck with admiration at the sublimity of this charming summer residence" [Morning Post, 11th October 1814].
Hampshire Telegraph – 06 December 1824
Image © Britsih Library
There was severe damage caused in 1824 by a "great storm" which swept over Chesil Beach: "the embankment gave way and the whole [was] filled with sea and shingle. A hundred bodies were washed up on the beach and the house was filled with wretched shipwrecked mariners of all nations". It also destroyed the earl's swannery, and presumably washed away his bathing house and ruined the gardens.
London Daily News – 22 August 1846
Princess Victoria and her mother visited in August 1833 and again in 1846 when as Queen, she returned with Albert on the royal yacht. As they had just dropped by unannounced the Earl was not at home, so instead they were shown round by Mr Nicolson, his lordship's gardener, and were obviously impressed. That's probably because all the Strangways family seem to have have been interested in gardening.
Henry Fox-Strangways, 3rd Earl of Ilchester
In 1802 after, Henry Fox Strangways, the third Earl inherited the estate he began enclosing the open fields and commons within it. In 1811 he planted Stavordale Wood, immediately east of the walled garden then known as Castle Gardens.
Working closely with William, his younger half-brother he built up an extensive plant collection in the Castle Gardens, extending them westwards into the fields outside the walls and into the valley along the northern edge of Stavordale Wood. He remained in charge until his death in 1858, when William succeeded him at the age of 63.
The Dell, Rustic Steps and Serpentine Water, Gardener's Chronicle 19 August 1899
William Fox Strangways from The Abbotsbury Garden Story by Stephen Griffiths, 2015
William had been a diplomat and travelled around Europe, building up a network of botanical contacts not just on the continent but all over the world: in 1818 for example, he had made a contact in the Crimea: 'The very lists make one's mouth water' and as early as the 1820s, William excitedly wrote to Henry: 'I have just this moment received a magnificent box of seeds from Mexico.'
William Henry Fox Talbot, by John Moffat 1864.
The plant collections at Abbotsbury were further enhanced by exchanges with the gardens of other family members including their principal seat at Melbury, but also nephew Henry's Laycock Abbey, Penrice in the Gower the home of William's half-sister Mary, and the homes of their Digby connections at Minterne and Sherborne Castle. The extensive correspondence between them all provides references to specific species and varieties introduced at Abbotsbury Gardens. There is a huge database of Henry Fox Talbot letters online which includes 246 references to Abbotsbury, many giving great detail about plants.
William Fox-Strangways, 4th Earl of Ilchester, from The Abbotsbury Garden Story by Stephen Griffiths, 2015
Despite all his travelling William's heart was definitely at Abbotsbury where he planted a belt of protective evergreen holm oaks to provide shelter for his other plantings. He was almost certainly responsible for the magnificent Caucasian wingnut tree which still dominates the original 18thc walled garden.
He was honoured with having the genus Stranvaesia (closely related to Photinia) named after him by John Lindley. Shortly after he died in 1865 The Journal of Horticulture published an article about the Abbotsbury gardens, which the author had toured with Mr McNeil the head gardener and which listed many of the rarities that William had introduced.
The 5th earl, another Henry, succeeded and he and his wife, Mary, continued to take great interest in the garden, but it really began to blossom in the 1890s when they appointed Joseph Benbow as gardener. He had trained at Kew and worked for some years at 'La Mortola', the garden on the Italian Riviera created by Thomas Hanbury who also had a nearby estate at Kingston Maurward, Dorset.
The Rockery Steps and Pool, Gardener's Chronicle, 19 Aug 1899
It's likely that it was Benbow who encouraged or influenced the Earl and Countess to create a Mediterranean or even subtropical, garden. Certainly during this period, the Castle Gardens were extended again to the north-east and more shelter belts were planted to the south-west.
Dams were installed along the stream in the valley to create a series of pools and two formal lily ponds were built. Benbow also contributed several articles to Gardener's Chronicle and "most heartily enters into the labour connected with the planting and cultivation of the numerous exotic and sub-tropical plants that here exhibit such vigour."
A man fishing in one of the ponds in the gardens at Abbotsbury Castle. Country Life 09/12/1899
Abbotsbury was certainly a great example of the great golden age of Edwardian gardening, although not in the usual sense of grand Jekyllesque herbaceous borders. In 1899 both Gardeners Chronicle and Country Life featured Abbotsbury, and in that same year Lady Ilchester also printed a catalogue listing an astonishing 4000 different plant species and varieties from every continent. By 1912 the collection had expanded further to over 5000 species.
from Gardener's Chronicle 3 Dec 1892
Gloag listed many of the rarer trees and shrubs, and described a large recently built and plant-filled winter garden adjoining the castle, its interior walls and glass roof covered in tender climbers. He also noted that everything in it was planted into the ground with no flowerpots allowed.
Outside round the castle itself there were "Seventy or eighty varieties of Mesembryanthemum (commonly known as Ice Plant) [which] run wild over the stones." Many of these had been imported by Benbow and unfortunately all were killed by heavy frosts later in 1906 when the temperature even in Abbotsbury dropped to -6C.
In the valley garden the Ilchesters had made a wild garden where "a brook runs right through it crossed by various bridges, and at intervals are small ponds bordered by Arum Lilies, Sagittaria, Aponogeton, Nymphaeas and other water plants; on either side a choice selection of trees are planted." The planting has changed – with Gunneras, now dormant predominating, but the brook still runs underneath "various bridges", all now painted Japanese red.
from Gloag's A Book of English Gardens
Elsewhere were rhododendrons, bamboos, mimosa, 30 varieties of eucalyptus, agaves, crinodendrons and edwardsias and indeed "every part of the world has been called upon to contribute to this earthly paradise."
Disaster struck in 1913 when the castle caught fire and was reduced to a shell, taking its contents and many of the garden's records with it. Matters were made worse when it was quickly rebuilt using sand from the beach in the mortar. This meant the structure was so weak that it had to be demolished in 1936. During World War II the remains were levelled, the garden filled in and the site became a base for American troops.
Looking up at the castle site from the beach
Nowadays the castle's site is largely overgrown and almost inaccessible. A track leads to the old terrace and although apparently it is possible to make out outlines of walks and other garden features unfortuntely I couldn't find any sign of them.
The site of the terrace/garden
There are also supposed to be a large range of naturalised garden plants surviving in the fields and hedgerows including fritillaria, verbascum, geraniums, myosotis, iris, and salvia, as well as tamarisks and fig trees. Again, it being winter, I saw no sign.
Abbotsbury's gardens were then gradually engulfed and overgrown until inherited by the 7th earl's daughter, Lady Theresa Agnew who began their restoration in the late 1960s. It was a slow and painful process but included, in 1982-4, the further expansion of the Gardens into Stavordale Wood to house a Chinese plant collection.
Her death in 1989 and the immense damage caused by a storm in early 1990 coincided with the arrival of new garden curator, Stephen Griffith. He found the shelter belts uprooted and over 100 specimen trees felled by the force of the gales.
A ten-year plan for restoration and renewal followed, with advice from experts such as John Bond of the royal gardens at Windsor, Sir Simon Hornby, Martin Lane-Fox and Roy Lancaster, leading to what the Royal Horticultural Society describes as 'a highly spectacular renaissance'.
New plant collections and garden features such as a rope bridge to cross one of the many ponds, have been introduced, as well as a shop, nice restaurant, and garden centre. The transformation was recognized in 2012 when Abbotsbury was awarded the coveted accolade of Garden of the Year by Christies and the Historic Houses Association.
Out of season or not its easy to see why.
Looking down on Abbotsbury, with St Catherine's Chapel on the hill and Weymouth beyond.
For more information check the garden's website: https://abbotsbury-tourism.co.uk/gardens/
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged Fox Talbot, Mediterranean, Queen Victoria, Rockery, subtropical, water gardens. Bookmark the permalink.


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Либреттология — наука о либретто как литературной основе вокальных произведений, изучающая соотношение либретто и литературных источников, а также роль либретто в истории культуры.

История
Одним из первых исследователей в области либреттологии был Ульрих Вайсштайн (), специалист по компаративной литературе и компаративному искусству, который в своих работах много внимания уделял изучению оперы. Его эссе «Либретто как литература» () было посвящено историческим, культурным и литературным аспектам изучения либретто. По мнению некоторых исследователей, сам термин «либреттология» приобрёл известность благодаря работам Вайсштайна.

Специальное внимание либретто как значимому элементу оперы уделял американский музыковед Патрик Джон Смит, опубликовавший в 1970 году книгу «Десятая муза: Исторический очерк оперного либретто» (). В германской традиции значительным шагом в изучении либретто стал сборник трудов «Опера как текст: Изучение либретто в рамках романистики» (; 1986), подготовленный профессором Бамбергского университета Альбертом Гиром; другие учёные, внёсшие заметный вклад в развитие этой дисциплины, — Клаус Гюнтер Юст, Курт Хонолка, Кристоф Нидер. В романском научном сообществе легитимация либреттологии как особой отрасли исследований была проведена в работе Мариз Жёлан-Мейно «Легитимность либреттологии» (; 1976).

В СССР «остро поставил вопрос о настоятельной необходимости изучения оперных сценариев (а также выработке специальной теории "либреттологии")» харьковский музыковед Григорий Ганзбург, придавший термину «либретто» расширительный характер: по Ганзбургу, в качестве либретто следует рассматривать «любой литературный (словесный) текст, который, вступая во взаимодействие с музыкой, образует синтетическое произведение», то есть не только сценарий оперы, оперетты или балета, но и вербальный элемент песни, романса, хора, мелодекламации и т. п.

В 2000 году в Вене открылся Институт Да Понте (, по имени выдающегося либреттиста Лоренцо да Понте), одним из направлений работы которого объявлена либреттология — преимущественно на материале оперы XVII—XVIII веков.

Источники

Литература
 Соллертинский И. И. Драматургия оперного либретто (Сокращенная стенограмма доклада на Всесоюзной оперной конференции, 18 декабря 1940 г.) // Советская музыка. — 1941. — № 3. — С. 21-31.
 Оголевец А. С. Слово и музыка в вокально-драматических жанрах. — М.: МузГИЗ, 1960. — 522 с.
 Ярустовский Б. М. Очерки по драматургии оперы XX века: В 2 кн. — Кн. 1: М.: Музыка, 1971. — 358 с. Кн. 2: М.: Музыка, 1978. — 261 с.
 Ганзбург Г. И. О перспективах либреттологии // Музыкальный театр XX века: События, проблемы, итоги, перспективы / Ред.-сост. А. А. Баева, Е. Н. Куриленко. — М.: Едиториал УРСС, 2004. — С. 244—249. ISBN 5-354-00812-3.
 Ганзбург Г. И. Лібретологія // Українська музична енциклопедія. – Т. 3. – Київ: Інститут мистецтвознавства, фольклористики та етнології ім. М. Т. Рильського Національної академії наук України, 2011. – С. 151-152. ISBN 978-966-02-6061-0
 Либреттология. Восьмая нота в гамме. Сборник статей : учебное пособие / Ю. Димитрин, А. Стеценко (составление) ; Г. Ганзбург (предисловие). — Санкт-Петербург : Лань : Планета музыки, 2020. — 336 с. — (Учебники для вузов. Специальная литература). ISBN 978-5-8114-5032-9 ISBN 978-5-4495-0454-8
 Patrick J. Smith. The tenth muse: a historical study of the opera libretto. — Gollancz, 1971. — 417 p.
 Klaus-Dieter Link. Literarische Perspektiven des Opernlibrettos: Studien zur italienischen Oper von 1850 bis 1920. — Bouvier, 1975. — 157 S.
 Maryse Jeuland-Meynaud. Légitimité de la librettologie // «Revue des Études Italiennes» (Paris), Tome XXI (1976, nouvelle série), pp. 60–101.
 Oper als Text: Romanistische Beiträge zur Libretto-Forschung. / Hrsg. Albert Gier. — Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, 1986. — 318 S.
 Albert Gier. Das Libretto: Theorie und Geschichte einer musikoliterarischen Gattung. — Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1998. — 338 S.
 Léonard A. Rosmarin. When Literature becomes Opera: Study of a transformational process. — Rodopi, 1999. — 160 p.

Ссылки
 Albert Gier. Analytische Bibliographie zur Libretto- und Opernforschung
 Heinrich K. Notes on Librettology // «Maske und Kothurn». Internationale Beiträge zur Theater-, Film- und Medienwissenschaft. 52(4), 2006. p. 11—15. ISBN 978-3-205-77617-8

Теория музыки

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Q: How to replace 'gluOrtho2d' in a Qt app I am working on bring back to life a program I wrote seven years ago.  It is all written in Qt and uses some OpenGL to draw some frame lines on an image that the application is displaying.  The problem is that 'gluOrtho2D' is used but is no longer found.  I am wondering how I can get around the problem.  Here is the code:
void MSContext::ResizePaint(int width, int height)
{
    // setup viewport, projection etc.:
    glViewport(0, 0, (GLint)width, (GLint)height);
    glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
    glLoadIdentity();
    gluOrtho2D(0.0, (GLdouble) width, 0.0, (GLdouble) height);
    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);

    glClearColor(0.5, 0.5, 0.5, 1.0);
    glShadeModel(GL_FLAT);
    glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);

    CreatePrintCropMarks();
}

void MSContext::CreatePrintCropMarks()
{
    GLuint print45CropId = openGLListMgr()->print45CropId();
    glNewList( print45CropId, GL_COMPILE);
    {
        qreal lineSize = 4.0;
        // Shrink down the canvas by 4 pixels so that the crop will show up
        const QRectF& viewPort = primaryCanvas()->imageView()->viewRectangle();
        QRectF shrunkingCanvas = viewPort.adjusted(lineSize, lineSize, -lineSize, -lineSize);

        QRectF print45Crop = GetCropRect(shrunkingCanvas, 5, 4);
        QRectF print57Crop = GetCropRect(print45Crop, 7, 5);

        glLineWidth(lineSize / 2);
        glLineStipple(1,0xFF00);
        DrawBox(print57Crop);
        glLineWidth(lineSize);
        glLineStipple(1,0xFFFF);
        DrawBox(print45Crop);
    }
    glEndList();
}

A: At the back of my head, I was wondering why I'd never heard of this function... turns out there is a fine alternative in (old-school) OpenGL. From the SGI GLU implementation:
void GLAPIENTRY
gluOrtho2D(GLdouble left, GLdouble right, GLdouble bottom, GLdouble top)
{
    glOrtho(left, right, bottom, top, -1, 1);
}

So you can write:
glOrtho(0.0, (GLdouble) width, 0.0, (GLdouble) height, -1, 1);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Home Outdoor Recreation Proposed lottery recreation could possibly be good for out of doors recreation,...
Proposed lottery recreation could possibly be good for out of doors recreation, dangerous for native authorities | Native Information
SHERIDAN – A potential new WyoLotto game could create a new source of funding for outdoor recreational development in Wyoming, but critics remain concerned about the new game's impact on local governments.
During its October 25th session, the Wyoming Legislature's Committee on Travel, Recreation, Wildlife and Cultural Resources voted 7-6 to continue discussions on a bill creating scratch cards in Wyoming.
The Department of State Parks and Cultural Resources will spend the proceeds from the scratch cards "to promote, improve, and manage access to Wyoming's recreational areas, resources, and outdoor facilities, and to further enhance outdoor recreation opportunities in the state." , so the bill.
Currently, the revenue from WyoLotto's games is distributed to local governments, according to WyoLotto CEO Jon Clontz. This totaled $ 2.98 million distributed across the state in fiscal years 2019 and 2020, with $ 140,670 going to Sheridan County and its county, city and town councils. Sheridan County is expected to receive an additional $ 45,145 in WyoLotto revenue during the current fiscal year, Clontz said.
While scratch cards could be a valuable source of funding for outdoor recreational projects across the state, Rep. Sandy Newsome, R-Cody feared that the addition of scratch cards would "cannibalize" traditional lottery ticket sales, increasing the amount of money raised by lottery sales to cities and towns Counties is going to decrease.
Jerimiah Rieman, executive director of the Wyoming County Commissioners Association, said his association had not held an official vote on the scratch card issue, but it was "very likely that we would oppose it."
Rieman said he was particularly concerned about the "standup cost" of setting up the new game, which Clontz estimated at $ 600,000 to $ 700,000. Those dollars must come from somewhere, said Rieman, and he feared they would come from revenue that would otherwise go to the counties.
"It costs something to produce these new games, and we need a mechanism to protect local governments if we want to channel the money elsewhere," said Rieman.
When asked by Rep. Pat Sweeney, R-Casper, Rieman replied that district commissioners would not worry about the bill if the dollars were distributed to local governments. While the bill is being written, the counties could potentially see a loss of valuable revenue, he said.
Senator Bill Landen, R-Casper, argued that while local governments would not see any direct revenue from the scratch cards, they would certainly be the beneficiaries of the projects funded by the tickets.
"Anything we've talked about in the meantime about state parks and cultural resources and the potential development of hiking trails will benefit our local governments," Landen said. "I think this can get lost in the discussion at times, but when we invest in our outdoor recreational needs, our local governments will be the direct recipient. I just don't want us to forget that. "
Local governments aren't the only ones who could be negatively affected by adding scratch cards. Mark Larson, executive vice president of the Wyoming Petroleum Marketers Association, expressed concerns about the proposal, arguing that it could harm small convenience stores.
"Scratch cards take up valuable counter space, take a long time to inventory and track scratch cards, and are a magnet for employee theft," Larson wrote in a letter to the committee. "The 'buy, scratch, cash, buy' cycle clogs the registers, is unhealthy in a COVID environment … and has a negative impact on productivity."
Clontz said any retailer can opt out of selling the tickets if they so choose. However, he also said the addition of scratch cards could be a welcome addition to the WyoLotto portfolio and would likely generate lots of revenue for outdoor recreational projects. In a survey conducted by WyoLotto, 74% of Wyoming citizens said they would like to add scratch cards to the state's gambling portfolio, Clontz said.
"Scratch games are hugely popular and we get asked for them all the time," said Clontz. "… The reason we love the idea of creating Scratch is because we want to make people more entertaining. This is number 1 what they ask us for and what they go to other states for. # 2, we think it's a good source of income to add to the lottery. "
MPs on the committee were divided over the proposal, with some – like MP Mark Jennings, R-Sheridan – arguing that the idea looks promising but needs further development.
"It just feels like this isn't fully checked or fully operational," Jennings said. "… Throwing something in at the last minute might harm something we don't intend."
Others, like Landen, encouraged lawmakers to continue the discussion in the coming weeks.
"In the meantime, I was forced to … try to come up with something that would encourage discussion about our outdoor activities," said Landen. "In the absence of this instrument, I am not sure that we will move anything forward. So I can really praise the department for at least suggesting this. "
If the bill is passed by the legislature this spring, the bill would offer scratch cards from January 1, 2023.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


PrimeLending is a Dallas-based residential mortgage originator with more than 290 locations in 42 states. In 2012 and 2013, PrimeLending was listed as the No. 4 mortgage lender in the nation for purchase loans. Offering fixed, adjustable rate, FHA, VA, USDA and jumbo loans, refinancing and relocation programs, PrimeLending is licensed to originate and close loans in 50 states. Founded in 1986, PrimeLending is a member of the PlainsCapital Corporation family of companies. PlainsCapital Corporation is a wholly owned subsidiary of Hilltop Holdings (NYSE:HTH).
Can you briefly explain what a renovation loan is and what it can be used for?
If they like it, now they will love it. That's how we like to refer to home renovation loans. Many homeowners purchase a property that fits most of their needs but in some cases, not all. A renovation loan allows them to add those finishing touches. A renovation loan is a home loan that combines the principal mortgage with additional funds needed, or wanted, to rehab or renovate a property. Renovations can be as minor as putting on a fresh coat of paint. Or they can be as extensive as adding new rooms.
What are some of the advantages of using a renovation loan program versus another type of loan or personal credit?
1. It preserves personal savings. Many homeowners pay cash for their renovations as they accumulate them.
2. You can get all the work done at one time, instead of bit by bit as you have the cash.
3. Interest rates are typically lower than personal credit cards.
5. They are available for purchases and refinances.
What are a few of the most popular renovation loan programs and who are they best suited for?
Some of the most popular renovation programs are the Homestyle Renovation loan, HomePath renovation loan and FHA 203K renovation loan. We also offer a variety of smaller, rehab-specific escrow holdback programs as well as a Jumbo renovation loan. So, we really have a program suited for most needs.
Is there anything different about applying and qualifying for a renovation loan compared with other home loans?
The main difference in qualifying for a renovation loan is that we need to evaluate the budget and feasibility of the desired/required upgrades. They must be permanent fixtures and add value to the property.
Do you have any advice for someone in Southern California who recently bought a foreclosure that needs a lot of work?
Don't be afraid of a renovation loan. Interest rates still remain low. It's an excellent time to preserve cash, lock in a low payment and convert a house you like into a home that you love.
I can be reached directly at 949.973.0141 or by email at SStorace@PrimeLending.com: NMLS number #226339.
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Zakaluzny () is a Ukrainian masculine surname. Its feminine counterpart is Zakalyuzhnaya. It may refer to:
Oksana Zakalyuzhnaya (born 1977), Russian basketball player
Polina Zakaluzny (born 1992), Israeli rhythmic gymnast
Walt Zakaluznyj, Canadian association football player

Ukrainian-language surnames


Letter: Should Greenburgh Pedestrians Wear Reflective Clothing?
GREENBURGH, N.Y. -- The Greenburgh Daily Voice accepts signed and original letters to the editor up to 350 words. To submit your letter, email greenburgh@dailyvoice.com .
Almost every night, when I'm driving around town, I see pedestrians walking or jogging wearing very dark clothes. It's difficult to see them -- especially if they are crossing the street at the same time you want to cross the street.
The city of Edmonton, Canada attempted to do something about this by starting an ad campaign (which they abandoned) asking pedestrians to wear reflective clothing. The town of Greenburgh has embarked on a campaign to improve pedestrian safety. We are building more sidewalks around town this month and will continue building more sidewalks around town in the future.
We have started a task force to address motorcycle safety (a third meeting to plan a spring, 2017 initiative is planned for Wednesday night). We have placed digital speed boards around town.
Earlier, a blinking crossroads light was installed on East Hartsdale Avenue and the Automobile Club of New York is awarding Greenburgh their highest pedestrian safety award later this month recognizing the town for our efforts to promote pedestrian safety.
We are one of only three communities in the state that will receive this award. Sadly, there have been pedestrian fatalities in the town over the years. Some have taken place in the evening hours. Motorists need to be more careful and look out for pedestrians.
But pedestrians should also be more careful.
What are your experiences? Have you almost missed hitting a pedestrian because you did not see them? Do you think the Edmonton effort to encourage pedestrians to wear lighter or more reflective clothing makes sense? How would you improve what they started? Regardless of what this says, drivers CANNOT see people in dark clothing, especially at night. If we can't see them how can we avoid them?


here are the rules for the PS3 ACC/SEC Dynasty.
No glitching. Please do not use the pump fake glitch or any other glitch at any time during the dynasty. Doing this will result in a 1 season ban and the game will be wiped.
This IS NOT a Sim Dynasty. If somebody chooses to go for it on 4th and 8 while up 17 in the 4th quarter, there is nothing we can do to stop them. Everybody has their own style, and we don't want to limit them from playing it.
We advance every day at no particular time. As long as you play your game and recruit everyday, you should be good. Try to do them simultaneously so we don't advance when we've seen your game has been played, because recruiting is a vital part of the Dynasty. If you have a User vs User game, add them on PSN and make a thread in here during the times you may be ready. If you're going out of town, tell us so we can put you on autopilot just in case.
PLEASE DO NOT QUIT. Please do not sign up, and not be active, or quit 4-5 days later. This makes advancing a user game very bad if the guy who quits 4 days later wins, and the active guy gets a loss.
Please abide by these rules so the Dynasty can be smooth.


Autonomous Maintenance is a powerful technique that can eliminate between 40% – 60% of unplanned downtime. Autonomous Maintenance is the focus of our Maintenance Miracle Kaizen event. The article below provides insight from a past event we held at Acushnet's Ball Plant III.
To learn more about our next Maintenance Miracle session visit our training and certification section.
The morning sessions were spent in the classroom where the principles of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) and AM were taught. Afternoons the teams worked to immediately apply what was learned out on the shop floor. Throughout the 3 application days, teams implemented the various elements of AM, including running TPM Scans, cleaning and inspecting 'their' equipment to detect abnormalities and writing up TPM Tags to identify abnormalities and improvement ideas. Once the abnormalities had been detected and tags created, teams consulted with Acushnet's maintenance crew to come up with solutions (many at low to no cost) to address the problems. The structure of the event made it possible for the principles to move from the textbook to the real-world (shop floor) in just a few hours. Lori Crovello of Acushnet commented that "This is an absolutely "makes sense" program – or should I say "process"!
200 abnormalities detected – 48% corrected• 29 improvements identified – 14 improvement tags written.
TPM scans improved by 30% per team during course of the week.
Attendees were surprised with what they were able to accomplish in just 4 days' time, but Ellis New, program facilitator for Productivity wasn't. "This happens all the time when you have a great host plant and a group of dedicated people looking closely at the process. I get the biggest kick watching a group of people that were strangers on Tuesday, bond and become a team. By Friday you would think they'd known and liked each other their whole lives."!
Improvements in machine reliability and uptime are the benefits most people think of as the results of total productive maintenance (TPM). But what many people are gradually coming to realize is that TPM can also be a way of helping the environment.


This pair of Arnette Chop Shop Sunglasses features a flexible Grilamid frame, moulded injected hinges and 8 Base modified polycarbonate lenses for durability and comfort. The style is classic Arnette cool with some modern touches that add to the fashion appeal of these sunglasses.
8 Base Modified Polycarbonate Lens.


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We all have fertile creative periods and times when we can't figure out how we ever did it.


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Heritage Bank debuts 'HB LAB' tech start-ups to boost economic growth
…As winner gets $25, 000 grant, other benefits
Heritage Bank Plc, Nigeria's most innovative banking service provider, adopts a focused approach that removes barriers and galvanizes the critical sector of the economy around a bold growth agenda with the launching of its innovation accelerator programme tagged, "HB LAB".
The maiden edition of HB LAB is a 12-week programme, expected to provide technology startups with enabling environment, resources and support required to innovate and accelerate impactful solutions with the potential to radically improve financial Inclusion/Intermediation, agriculture and other related problems affecting critical sectors of the economy.
The application portal https://www.hblabs.com.ng/ which was launched on the 31st January 2019 closed on the 14th February 2019.
About 154 applicants who applied were reviewed and 24 of them scored above 60, whilsts the final selection will produce seven successful applicants, which the winner will emerge.
Speaking on the HB LAB, the MD/CEO of the bank, Ifie Sekibo explained that in Nigeria, technology startups still account for a relatively small share of all businesses, but they have an outsized impact on economic growth, because they provide better-paying, longer-lasting jobs than other start-ups, and they contribute more to innovation, productivity, and competitiveness.
He disclosed that the team with the most compelling solution will be awarded a $25,000 grant alongside access to workspace and IT infrastructure for solution testing and development for a defined period.
According to him, the HB Innovation Lab Programme is open to product development teams and technology driven startups across Nigeria.
Sekibo stated that the critical areas of focus are Fintech, agriculture, education, digital, security and power, whilst noting that the application requirements include names, age, gender, contact number, home and email addresses of the participants.
Meanwhile, for participants who have previously enlisted to participate in any entrepreneurial/innovation programme with a current website or demo reference point, were expected to discuss idea/solution not more than 140-character limit.
Also, such participant discussed problem statement (not more than 140-character limit), ideation/solution stage (not more than 140 characters), target market (Max 150 words), any challenge(s) faced requiring professional intervention (Max. 150 words), introduced its team (Max 150 words) and upload business plan.


text:
Visit the official Pet Shop Boys Shop here
PetShopBoys.co.uk
Pet Texts
And meanwhile I was enjoying the extraordinary Pina Bausch dance company at Sadler's Wells! Thanks to Spin for clarifying that I was the victim of a sick hoax. Neil x
> Spin magazine
> Pina Bausch/Sadler's Wells
Pet Texts Archives
Recent Pet Texts
Pet Text
PSB questions are answered in this popular British TV show. Link below.
Off West End Awards
Finalists for this year's Off West End Awards have been announced, ahead of a ceremony in February. Nicknamed The Offies, the awards look to celebrate small-scale theatre productions in London
If you've watched the reissue of "It Couldn't Happen Here", you might be interested in this short film of the seaside locations then and now. Link below.
"I love the Pet Shop Boys!" Bruce Springsteen plays two PSB songs on his latest Sirius radio show. Full story at the link below.
Very sad to read that Harold Budd, one of my favourite musicians and composers, died from the Covid virus ten days ago
Barbara Windsor
Rest in peace beautiful Barbara Windsor. We had such fun making our film with you and it was always a joy to see you
A survey on the music website Stereogum of every number one record in the USA has arrived in 1986 and "West End girls". Read what they have to say at the link below.
Work is underway for the 2021 issue of Annually and this year it will include a bumper selection of letters from you
© 2021 Warner Music UK Limited


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Drought, conflict driving desperate Afghans to marry off children for money: UNICEF
November 27, 2018 by safoora
GENEVA: With a devastating drought worsening an already horrendous humanitarian situation in Afghanistan, parents are increasingly compelled to "sell" young daughters into marriage to pay off debt or buy food, the UN said Tuesday.
In the drought-hit Herat and Baghdis provinces of Afghanistan, the UN children's agency estimates that at least 161 children between the ages of one month and 16 years were "sold" over just a four-month period.
"The situation of children is dire in Afghanistan," UNICEF spokeswoman Alison Parker told reporters in Geneva.
Speaking as an international conference on Afghanistan got underway in the Swiss city, Parker said the children in the July to October survey were "either being betrothed, married or … sold because their parents are in debt."
"Prior to the drought, over 80 percent of households were already in debt," she said, adding that many people who had hoped to pay off their debt when crops came in have been unable to do so.
"Unfortunately the children are now becoming the collateral," she said.
The youngest girls in the survey, some just babies, had been betrothed while girls of 11 and even younger were married off.
Six of the 161 affected children were boys, she said, adding that "there is an increase in child forced labour."
Parker pointed out that "the practice of child marriage is sort of a an ingrained social norm in Afghanistan," with 35 percent of the population engaging in the practice across the country, and as high as 80 percent in some places.
"Unfortunately it is getting worse. Children are paying the price for conflict, children are paying the price for the drought," she said.
– 'Very shocking' –
Members of Afghan civil society who have gathered in Geneva for the conference agreed that there had been a clear increase in young girls being "sold" into marriage.
"It is very, very shocking," said Suraya Pakzad, who heads Voice of Women, Afghanistan.
"Girls aged between 8-12 years old (are being) sold to old men to solve the economic issues … of their families," she told reporters on the sidelines of the conference.
[also_read url="https://www.siasat.com/news/un-allocates-34-6mn-drought-affected-afghans-1421434/"]UN allocates $34.6mn for drought-affected Afghans[/also_read]
She described speaking with a father who had "sold" his seven-year-old daughter into marriage, and who said he had no other choice.
She said he had told her: "I love my daughter. I know what I did. I am suffering from that. But can you give me some option?… I have five other daughters. I may not do the same to them if you give me some options today to feed my children."
"People are in desperate need of help, services. Particularly food," she added.
The UN refugee agency also said that the worst drought in decades has made a desperate situation worse.
The drought and ongoing conflict have seen more than a quarter of a million Afghans being displaced in the west of the country since April alone, UNHCR spokesman Babar Baloch said.
[source_without_link]Agence France-Presse[/source_without_link]
Categories News, World Tags conflict, drought, humanitarian crisis, UN, UNICEF Post navigation
Congress ray of hope for Madhya Pradesh: Rahul
Kerala HC rules no more protests at Sabarimala temple


The notice doesn't indicate the location of the tent, though by 1882 it was a fixture at the corner of Flatbush and Fifth in Brooklyn. Thomas J. Doutney, "a converted liquor seller and reformed inebriate" (Brooklyn Eagle 26 May 1882, p. 4), took on the cause of Temperance and committed to saving poor souls not through dull, monotonous meetings but, rather, through peppy encouragement and attractive entertainments. His stable of performers included his wife, a soprano; an elocutionist, Miss Florence K. Bacon; and a group of jubilee singers.
Everybody who knew Quinn said the Irishman was a straight arrow. His first biographer, Jim Walsh, joined Quinn's contemporaries in celebrating the Irishman's "clean living." Giving his time and his voice in support of the Temperance movement would seem to fit that mold.


text:
Glenn Hughes Cancels UK/Europe Tour After Co-Headliner Living Colour Jumps Ship
(CelebrityAccess) — Bassist Glenn Hughes announced that he was canceling his planned tour of UK and Europe, after co-headliner Living Colour booked a conflicting support slot on Alter Bridge's European tour.
Hughes contends that Living Coulor's management knowingly booked the tour with Alter Bridge, while neither Alter Bridge, their management and agents or even Living Colour's agent at TKO were aware of the conflict.
Hughes says that promoters were forced to offer refunds on all tickets for the tour, which had been on sale since April, after Living Colour backed out of the co-headlining slot.
"I am saddened and disappointed that I will not be able to perform for my UK and European fans as I had originally intended," Glenn Hughes. "When I partnered with Living Colour to do this tour, I thought we would be able to make something special happen at these shows. Unfortunately, an undermining manager got involved and in turn ruined what would have been an amazing tour. I can't wait to get back to the UK and Europe to bring the new songs of 'Resonate' to my fans overseas."
Hughes has performed with groups such as funk rock pioneers Trapeze, the Mk. III and IV line-ups of Deep Purple, as well as briefly fronting for Black Sabbath in the mid-1980s.
We reached out to Living Colour's management for comment. – Staff Writers


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The Simona Restaurant is in gentle light colors and creates a relaxed atmosphere, predisposing to the seclusion so much needed in the big city. There are 90 seats for selected guests and special events. You can take advantage of our garden which is separated from the road by greenery.
Preliminary free tasting for two of the selected dishes included in the festive menu of the wedding party.
Accommodation in the restaurant – up to 90 seats.
Free accommodation for newlyweds at Art Studio of your choice, specially decorated for your wedding day.
Preferential rates for the guests of the party.
We offer a four-course menu with a cover price of 35 BGN and no extra charge after the agreed hours.
Weddings of Didi and Niki, Stefan and Tsveti, Maria and Tihomir, Vladislava and Ivailo, Jeni and Stoyan and many other happy couples like them!


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Q: Spark Scala SQL: Take average of non-null columns How do I take the average of columns in an array cols with non-null values in a dataframe df? I can do this for all columns but it gives null when any of the values are null.
val cols = Array($"col1", $"col2", $"col3")
df.withColumn("avgCols", cols.foldLeft(lit(0)){(x, y) => x + y} / cols.length)

I don't want to na.fill because I want to preserve the true average.

A: I guess you can do something like this:
    val cols = Array("col1", "col2", "col3")
    def countAvg =
      udf((data: Row) => {
        val notNullIndices = cols.indices.filterNot(i => data.isNullAt(i))
        notNullIndices.map(i => data.getDouble(i)).sum / notNullIndices.lenght
      })

    df.withColumn("seqNull", struct(cols.map(col): _*))
      .withColumn("avg", countAvg(col("seqNull")))
      .show(truncate = false)

But be careful, here average is counted only for not null elements.
If you need exactly solution like in your code:
    val cols = Array("col1", "col2", "col3")
    def countAvg =
      udf((data: Row) => {
        val notNullIndices = cols.indices.filterNot(i => data.isNullAt(i))
        notNullIndices.map(i => data.getDouble(i)).sum / cols.lenght
      })

    df.withColumn("seqNull", struct(cols.map(col): _*))
      .withColumn("avg", countAvg(col("seqNull")))
      .show(truncate = false)

A: aggregate function can do it without udf.
val cols = Array($"col1", $"col2", $"col3")
df.withColumn(
    "avgCols",
    aggregate(
        cols,
        struct(lit(0).alias("sum"), lit(0).alias("count")),
        (acc, x) => struct((acc("sum") + coalesce(x, lit(0))).alias("sum"), (acc("count") + coalesce(x.cast("boolean").cast("int"), lit(0))).alias("count")),
        (s) => s("sum") / s("count")
    )
)


Comprehensive list of Thousand Oaks, California based commercial and residential electrical contractors and companies offering installation, replacement and repair services.
Priority Electric is Here for You, to take care of your Electrical, Lighting, and Landscape Lighting Needs for your Home.
With over twenty years of practical construction knowledge in the mechanical and electrical fields, he is involved in each project in every phase, from the beginning to finish, delivering on-time service - every time. Thousand Oaks Electric provides full-service, electrical contracting to domestic and commercial clients since 1994. We are a family-owned and run business and we stand behind our work.
Tri-County Electric is a medium size electrical contracting company. Employing approximately 20 qualified electricians. With his 20 plus year background in Electrical engineering, construction and individual management. Tri County Electric TCE started operations in Southern California to supply quality electrical services to customers within the Ventura county region more than a decade ago.
An active member of the National Electrical Contractors' Association NECA, Zeller Electric is an founded union contractor and a signatory with the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers IBEW Local 11 Los Angeles, Local 952 Ventura and Local 40 Television/Motion Picture Industry. Zeller Electric employs workers reputed for their responsibility, integrity and honesty.
Our safety program is managed at all levels. The Safety Administrator is responsible for Safety & Loss Control, on a complete-time basis. Since 2002 TH-Electric has delivered quality and reliable electrical service to customers in Los Angeles County. Customer's satisfaction is our #1 goal. 24/7 Emergency services, all jobs guaranteed free estimate.
I am very happy to use NORTHSTAR services. they available/ affordable and honest. Recommended!
We're a complete-service Electrical Contractor that supplies prompt, economical, around-the-clock service for General Contractors, Commercial and Industrial Customers, Property Owners, Management Companies and Tenants.
Herbert & Sons Electric is a family run and run business licensed with the state of California serving the Greater Los Angeles and Ventura Counties. We provide a huge range of domestic electrical services at realistic prices. If you are searching for an expert electrician to work on new construction or simply upgrades to your home, enable us the possibility to bring our talents to your project.
With over 21 years of electrical experience, Cartier Electrical Technologies only employs a field team that is 100% compliant with the state of California's electrical certification needs in order to provide the best quality construction and expertise. Cartier Electrical takes our dedication to quality very seriously.


text:
#ifndef include_vnet_trace_config_h
#define include_vnet_trace_config_h

extern trace_main_t trace_main;

always_inline trace_profile *
trace_profile_find (void)
{
  trace_main_t *sm = &trace_main;

  return (&(sm->profile));
}

#endif

/*
 * fd.io coding-style-patch-verification: ON
 *
 * Local Variables:
 * eval: (c-set-style "gnu")
 * End:
 */

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Matthew William "Matt" Taylor, ameriški komik in igralec, * 31. december 1966, Flint, Michigan, ZDA.

Zunanje povezave

Živeči ljudje
Ameriški komiki
Ameriški filmski producenti
Ameriški filmski igralci
Ameriški televizijski igralci


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Algeria is a sovereign state in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast.. Algeria is classified as an upper middle income country by the World Bank. Algeria's currency is the dinar (DZD). The economy remains dominated by the state, a legacy of the country's socialist post-independence development model.
Algeria Drugs & Pharmaceutical Industry
Algeria, a gateway between Africa and Europe, has been battered by violence over the past half-century. More than a million Algerians were killed in the fight for independence from France in 1962, and the country has recently emerged from a brutal internal conflict that followed scrapped elections in 1992.
Defense industry of Algeria Wikipedia
Algeria's military industry is a small but slowly emerging industry of Algeria.. Given its status as one of the most well-trained Arab militaries, Algeria is on track of significant development of its military industry, while remains a buyer of weapons mostly from Russia, China, France, South Africa and recently, Germany, Italy, Turkey and the United States.
Algeria Manufacturing Country Studies
Since the 1970s, smaller manufacturers of shoes and clothes and even smaller steel mills have been located in many parts of the country and have created some worthwhile opportunities for private investors. The manufacture of agricultural equipment, trucks, and machine tools, once the exclusive domain of the National Company for Mechanical
Algeria Import Tariffs export.gov
22/11/2019· Prepared by our U.S. Embassies abroad. With its network of 108 offices across the United States and in more than 75 countries, the U.S. Commercial Service of the U.S. Department of Commerce utilizes its global presence and international marketing expertise to help U.S. companies sell their products and services worldwide.
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National Plastic Factory
NATIONAL PLASTIC FACTORY. National Plastic Factory [NPF] is one of the leading plastic products manufacturers in KSA since 1976. NPF are structured along three factories, with two main strategic production lines, Injection and blow molding to manufacture a wide array of products for diverse sectors at KSA and some of export markets.
National Association of Manufacturers NAM
The National Association of Manufacturers (NAM) represents 14,000 member companies from across the country, in every industrial sector. We are the nation's most effective resource and influential advocate for manufacturers.
Al Muhaideb National Tanks Water Tanks, Barriers
In 1982, we opened the first Saudi integrated factory for water tanks and other fiberglass products. We became the first choice in the Saudi market and managed to maintain this reputation. In 1999, we became to be known as Al Muhaideb National Tanks instead of The National fiberglass Tanks
Home Bevpak
Bevpak (Nigeria) Limited . Bevpak is located in Ibadan, Nigeria and is one of the largest manufacturers of PET preforms in West Africa. Our customers include bottlers of the world's leading brands of soft drinks and mineral water and major bottlers throughout Nigeria.
Dates From Algeria, Dates From Algeria Suppliers and
Alibaba offers 363 dates from algeria products. About 44% of these are fresh dates, 42% are organic fruit, and 15% are dried fruit. A wide variety of dates from algeria options are available to you, such as date, jujube, and inner tube.
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The National Association of Manufacturers (NAM) welcomes this opportunity to provide the following submission for the 2018 National Trade Estimate Report on Foreign Trade Barriers. The NAM is the largest manufacturing association in the United States, representing businesses small and large in every industrial sector and in all 50 states
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Bahrain National Plastic Company (BANAPCO) is the result of purposeful research and development for polyethylene products and we started production from our plant at South Alba industrial since 2005.
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The complexity and cost of vaccine manufacturing An
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National Plastic Oman
National Plastic Factory L.L.C is a division of Al Hosni Group International, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman. One of the large & prominent group in Oman and Established in the year 1975 with diversified line of industries, Hospitality, Infrastructure Development and investment portfolios.
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The 8 infamous Black Sox. Joe Jackson can be seen, at far left, leaning on one of his many black bats -- he called them all "Black Betsy." At far right is George "Buck" Weaver -- he is the only figure not in contact with any of the other players. The gap which separates Weaver from the others is small, but it is significant as I believe that Buck, though he knew of the fix, played the Series "on the level." His many appeals to the Commissioner of Baseball to restore his good name were rejected. This suggests to me that he truly felt he had played the series on the "up and up." This is why I have set him slightly apart from the others. As a side note, unlike the other 7 players, he never took any money.
Having won the World Series in 1917, the Chicago White Sox were right back in it when they won the 1919 America League pennant. They would face the National League champions and heavy under-dogs, Cincinnati Reds.
The tough ex-pugilist first baseman for the Chicago White Sox was the fierce, hard-hitting, excellent fielding Charles Arnold "Chick" Gandil. Described by those who played with him and against him as a "professional malcontent." Gandil was the ring-leader for the Black Sox players.
Once known as "Error-A-Day" Weaver," Bucky developed into an excellent fielding third baseman. It was said that he was the only third baseman who Ty Cobb would not bunt against, which is high praise. When he learned of the "fix" he rejected the offer to join in -- but, when he would not rat on his teammates, he was banned from baseball with the rest of them merely because he KNEW of the "fix." He became forever known as a member of the Black Sox.
Edward Victor Cicotte was the ace right-handed pitcher for the White Sox. Cicotte (and there are various ways that I have heard his last name pronounced) was a solid work-horse, often rivaling if not surpassing, the great Walter Johnson in American League pitching statistics. He was nicknamed "Knuckles" for his superb ability to control the "knuckleball."
Although Fred Drury McMullin was only a utility infielder for the 1919 White Sox, he was considered a keen baseball strategist. He also scouted the Cincinnati Reds for the team in advance of the series and may have delivered false reports to his club. This raises the question -- did Fred earn his share of the money from the "fix" by delivering false reports? He had no real opportunities to throw the World Series as he only batted twice (with only one hit) in the 8-games played.
Claude Preston "Lefty" Williams helped Chicago to the 1917 World Series with a 17-8 record. In 1919, he enjoyed his finest season, going 23-11 while posting a 2.64 ERA. When Chick Gandil offered him $10,000 to join in the fix. Williams agreed to the $10,000 but he would only receive $5,000 which was about what he would have been rewarded as the winning share had they won the World Series "on the level."
The illiterate mill hand from South Carolina, Joseph Jefferson Jackson, spoke louder than everyone else with his bat, glove and arm. While playing a mill league game in Greenville, SC, Joe developed blisters on his feet. Removing the new cleats, Joe played the rest of the game in his socks and when a fan noticed this he called out, "You shoeless son of a gun, you!" The nickname stuck and he was, and is, forever "Shoeless Joe."
When he was playing in the mill leagues, Joe Jackson was such a powerful hitter that his line drives were called "blue darters" and his home runs were called "Saturday Specials." Ty Cobb considered him the greatest natural hitter that he ever saw. It is said that Babe Ruth emulated Joe's batting stance (photographs of the men's batting stance with their feet close together bears this out).
Due to the war effort, many of the major league teams suffered from lack of talented players as a result of the "work or fight" demand by the U.S. government. Consequently, players either took jobs that contributed to the war effort or enlisted. Thus, the major leagues suffered. The season was shortened from 154 games to 140 and combined with the lack of talent, the attendance dropped -- and in turn, so did the revenues for the owners. Money became a big issue. In 1919, to recoup some of their losses, the owners decided to implement a 9-game format in the World Series. Things were getting desperate for owners.
Both Joe Jackson (South Carolina) and Lefty Williams (Missouri) were from the South, so they became best friends on the team. Yet the 1919 White Sox was a very divided team. Though they played next to each other, first baseman, Chick Gandil, and second baseman, Eddie Collins, didn't speak all year. During warm ups between innings, Gandil wouldn't even roll the ball to Collins. Joe & Lefty were able to create a personal alliance in a divided team atmosphere. This ball club was hugely factionalized and that may have created a "perfect storm" for the fix.
Long before the 1919 World Series, the White Sox had been called the black sox. In an effort to save money in the years before the 1919 season, owner Charles Comiskey made his players pay to have their uniforms cleaned. Considering what little money the players made, they refused to do this, so they began playing games in uniforms that became progressively dirtier and dirtier as the season wore on. Their uniforms became so soiled, that they were coined "black sox" by their opponents. Comiskey eventually relented, not because it was the right thing to do, but because he didn't like the team being called the black sox.
Baseball players are a very superstitious group. Each player has his own ritual to conjure supernatural powers to enhance their performance. Joe Jackson was known to sit in a darkened room and stare at a candle with one hand over his eye until that eye went blind -- and then he'd do the same for the other eye. How he ever came up with this ritual is unknown but who can argue with it? His lifetime batting average of .356 is the third highest in baseball history!
In the summer of 1919, young Eddie Bennett, a hunchbacked dwarf, needed a job. He approached the White Sox center fielder, Happy Felsch, and promised him that he would bring him luck. Happy hired the little fellow and immediately his batting average improved as well as his fielding. As his other teammates noticed Happy's marked improvement, they adopted Eddie as their team mascot and he led them to the 1919 World Series!
Trying to capture baseball games "in action" without being too blurry was almost impossible in the early days of photography. Players often struck a pose based on the activity the photographer was trying to capture: batting, pitching, fielding and throwing. These "frozen" poses have always reminded me of ancient bronze statues of mythological Greek Heroes and Gods.
Ringgold Wilmer Lardner was a noted sports columnist and short-story writer who was greatly admired by many of his contemporaries like Ernest Hemingway, Virginia Wolff, and F. Scott Fitzgerald. When Hemingway was a young man writing for his high school newspaper, he often wrote under the by-line, Ring Lardner Jr.
Big money came down from New York betting on the Cincinnati Reds -- and everyone, rightly or not -- thought Arnold Rothstein (AR) was putting down the bets. One theory, is that Arnold Rothstein was backing it through his middle man Abe Attell (The Little Champ). Another theory is that Arnold wanted no part of it but The Little Champ put the money down invoking AR's initials, spurring a betting frenzy in favor of the Reds.
Abraham Washington Attell, known as "The Little Champ" enjoyed a six year reign as World Featherweight Champion from 1906-1912. As an associate of Arnold Rothstein, it is thought that Attell was the bag man for Rothstein and may have carried the money from Rothstein to the players to throw the World Series.
Other gamblers that participated in the "fix" included Billy Maharg, "Sleepy" Bill Burns and Joseph "Sport" Sullivan. In September 1919, Sullivan and Chick Gandil hatched the idea of the "fix." As a side note, it is thought that Rothstein agreed to back the "fix" for $80,000 by fronting it through a small-time gambler, Sullivan. Rothtstein gave Sullivan an initial payment of $40,000 to be distributed among the players. But Sullivan kept $30,000 of it for his own waging and gave Gandil and the players a mere $10,000 to share among themselves -- the betrayals began before the first pitch.
Fred McMullin, a utility infielder, overhead a conversation between Chick Gandil and Swede Risberg concerning the "fix." Concerned that he may have heard too much, Risberg invited Freddy to join in the conspiracy by providing "hush money" - even knowing that McMullin would probably serve in a very limited capacity in the series, but insuring he would keep quiet by complicity.
The White Sox were full of confidence as the Series approached. The owner, Charles Comiskey, had one of the highest payrolls in the American League and he had some of the very best players: Cicotte & Williams on the mound; Joe Jackson and Hap Felsch in the outfield; Buck Weaver, Swede Risberg, Eddie Collins and Chick Gandil around the infield -And the human firecracker, Ray Schalk, was behind the plate! Manager Kid Gleason was proud and confident in his boys!
Though they may have been perceived as underdogs, the Cincinnati Reds were no push-over. They won the National League pennant "going away" with a record of 96-44, the New York Giants coming in second a full 9 games behind the Reds. A good all-around ball club, they had excellent starting pitchers like Hod Eller (19-9), Dutch Ruether (19-6) and Ray Fisher (14-5).
On the eve of the first game of the 1919 World Series, White Sox starting pitcher, Eddie Cicotte, found the $10,000 he had demanded BEFORE the Series was to start. The money was hidden under the pillows on his bed. He spent the entire night sewing the bills into the lining of his coat. He had taken the money and the "fix" was on.
The Cincinnati Reds were led by their manager, Patrick Joseph "Pat" Moran. As a catcher during his playing days, Moran help develop Grover Cleveland Alexander into one of the greatest pitchers of all time. When his playing days were over, Moran became a manager and had taken the Philadelphia Phillies to their first ever National League pennant in 1915 and now he had guided the Reds to THEIR first ever National League pennant in 1919.
The 1919 World Series would open in Cincinnati, the hometown of the National League pennant winning Reds. When the White Sox arrived, the town was buzzing-- but because of the shift in the betting, some of that buzz, especially from the betting world -- was the feeling that something wasn't quite right -- since the odds were indicating a shift in favor of Cincinnati. Those "in the know" could smell a rat.
It's the bottom of the first inning. The White Sox had an uneventful top half, and the Reds came up to bat. Their lead-off hitter was second baseman, Morrie Rath. Eddie Cicotte, the starting pitcher for the White Sox, fired a strike past Rath on his very first pitch. Eddie's second pitch uncharacteristically hit Rath in the back and he jogged down to first base. Some historians believe that this second pitch, that struck Rath, was a signal to the gamblers that the "fix" was on.
Cincinnati's starting pitcher was Dutch and he enjoyed a great day. He held the White Sox to only one run while smacking a two-run triple himself. Cicotte, in the meantime, gave up 5 runs in 4 innings before being taken out of the game. Final score: Cincinnati 9, Chicago 1.
Game 2 , 4 - 2.
Dickey Kerr started Game 3 for the White Sox in the first game played in Chicago. He had a good season in 1919 going 13-7 with a 2.88 ERA. It was thought by the gamblers, "Sleepy" Bill Burns and Billy Maharg, that if the players who were in on the "fix" didn't hit for him, Kerr would surely lose. Instead, little Dickey Kerr threw a 3-hit shutout. Sleepy and Billy placed their bets on what they thought was a sure thing -- but, they lost all their winnings and went home (their vengeance would be felt later).
The original plan was that the players would be paid after each game they lost. So, after losing Game 1, "Sleepy" Bill Burns and Billy Maharg went to Abe Attell to procure the money due the ballplayers. Attell refused to pay, keeping their share of the money for himself to place bets on Game 2. The next morning, Chick Gandil went to Attell and demanded payment -- and again, Attell refused.
Game 4 saw Eddie Cicotte going up against Reds' pitcher, Jimmy Ring. The game was scoreless until the 5th when Eddie fielded a slow roller off the bat of Pat Duncan but then threw the ball past Gandil for a two-base error. The next batter, Larry Kopf, singled to left. As Duncan ran towards third, the throw from left fielder, Joe Jackson, was deflected by Cicotte. As the ball rolled away, Duncan darted home for the first run.
The next hitter after Larry Kopf, Alfred "Greasy" Neal, then doubled, sending Kopf home with the second and last run of the game. Chicago was now down 3 games to 1.
Game 5 saw Lefty Williams pitching a duel with Cincinnati's Horace "Hod" Eller. It was a scoreless game until the top of the 6th when Happy Felsch, having fielded Eller's bloop single, made an off-line throw that allowed Eller to advance all the way to third.
Eller then scored on a single by Morrie Rath. After a walk to Heinie Groh, Edd Roush smacked a double which was misplayed by Happy Felsch sending two more runs home. Roush would score the fourth run of the inning and that was enough -- winning 5-0. The Reds were now only one win away from their first World Championship.
Game 6 saw Dickey Kerr facing off against the Reds' Jimmy Ring who had been the winning pitcher in Game 4. Due to three errors by the White Sox, the Reds jumped to a 4-0 lead. The Sox were able to tie the game in the 6th inning and won the game in the 10th inning when Gandil drove in Buck Weaver for what proved to be the winning run. With a final score of 5-4, Dickey Kerr and the White Sox had their second victory.
Eddie Cicotte got his third start in Game 7 and pitched a 7 hit, 4-1 victory. Chicago was now back in the race -- the Series now standing in Cincinnati's favor at 4-3.
The gamblers Joseph "Sport" Sullivan and Arnold Rothstein realized that there was now a good chance that Chicago just might rally. If they could win the next two games (and they surely could) both Sullivan and Rothstein would lose substantial amounts of money -- they had to do something.
Lefty Williams was Chicago's starting pitcher for Game 8. Legend has it that the night before the game, Lefty was approached by a mysterious stranger who made it clear that Lefty should lose the next game.
Whatever this threat was or whoever it was that made the threat -- it had a profound effect on Lefty. Obviously shaken, Lefty gave up 4 straight hits which scored 3 runs in the first inning alone! Kid Gleason had seen enough and replaced Lefty with Bill James. Although Joe Jackson hit the only home run of the series in the 3rd inning, Chicago lost the game anyway -- 10-5 -- and the World Series, 5 games to 3.
The 1919 World Series was over but rumors of a "fix" were rife.
With the World Series over and baseball not returning until the following year, national interest in the "fix" began to fade -- but one man kept stoking the fire. Hugh Fullerton would not let the rumors fade away. He began interviewing gamblers and players in an attempt to get to the truth.
Apparently Fullerton's dogged pursuit of the truth did not sit well with some people. One evening while he was walking the streets of Chicago, he was approached by a stranger. When the stranger asked if he was Fullerton, a frightened Fullerton replied, "No…Crane!" -- the first name that came to his mind. A second man approached them and Fullerton took off running. Two shots were fired -- Fullerton stumbled and fell to the ground. Assuming he was wounded, if not dead, the two strangers quickly ran into the darkness. Hugh was not hit -- he rose from the ground, dusted himself off and sprinted home.
As the 1920 season approached, Charles Comiskey offered contracts to the eight players who many suspected of being in on the "fix." Only Chick Gandil rejected the offer.
He moved to Southern California, bought a home and opened a plumbing company -- he was done with baseball.
The 1920 season saw the Chicago White Sox back in a three-team race with Boston and Cleveland. But gambler, Billy Maharg, gave an interview which confirmed the rumors of the 1919 "fix." Comiskey was forced to suspend the 7 players mentioned in Maharg's statement. Without the talents of Felsch, Risberg, Cicotte, Williams, Weaver, McMullin, and Joe Jackson, the White Sox fell out of contention.
Charles Comiskey and the other owners were now caught over a barrel. Everyone, owners and fans alike, had known for years that gambling was part of baseball (as it was with boxing and horse racing) - but no one wanted to admit it. With pressure mounting and details of a fix circulating in the media, the scandal was in full bloom and Comiskey saw that a trial would be forthcoming. In an effort to protect his players, his team and his investments, Comiskey hired the best legal team money could buy.
The Black Sox trial opened in the courtroom of Judge Hugo Friend in Chicago on June 27, 1921. The 8 suspected players were charged with (1) conspiring to defraud the public; (2) conspiring to defraud Sox catcher, Ray Schalk; (3) conspiring to commit a confidence game; (4) conspiring to injure the American League; and (5) conspiring to injure the business of Charles Comiskey.
The figure who loomed over the "fix" was "The Big Bankroll" Arnold Rothstein. But even today, it is not known the extent of his involvement -- but his presence was everywhere. When the three confessions went missing, it was believed that Rothstein had paid an insider to steal the documents. When the trial began, several gamblers were indicted, but Rothstein evaded indictment.
One of the first witnesses called for the prosecution was "Sleepy" Bill Burns. He described in detail the sordid machinations of the "fix" and mentioned specifically Gandil, Risberg, McMullin, Williams, Felsch, Cicotte and Buck Weaver. When asked about Joe Jackson, Burns said that he did not see him at the meeting.
Early in the trial, the prosecution asked to see the confessions of Cicotte, Jackson & Williams. It was revealed, however, that those confessions were missing (if not actually stolen). Eventually, the missing confessions "appeared" and were read in the courtroom. Judge Friend ruled that they could only be used against the players who gave those confessions -- therefore not implicating any other players.
The prosecution summed up their case on July 29, 1921 -- painting the 8 players as con-men who swindled "the public, the owners, even the small boys on the sandlots" and for turning "our national sport ... into a con game." The defense countered suggesting that Arnold Rothstein was the person who should be on trial and not the "underpaid ballplayers." The jury deliberated less than three hours and when they came back into the courtroom, they found the 8 ball players innocent of all charges.
As cheers filled the courtroom and hats were tossed into the air, it had become obvious that it was baseball itself that had been on trial. Something had to be done to restore the public's faith in the game. Enter Judge Kenesaw Mountain Landis.
Baseball owners had long been aware of the precarious relationship between the gamblers and the players. They needed to address the gambling element in their sport and their commitment in doing something about it. Several months before the trail began, the owners decided the time had come to hire a commissioner of baseball who would wield complete power over how the game would be run. This man would have to come from outside the baseball fraternity and he'd have to be a hard-hitter. They found their man in Judge Kenesaw Mountain Landis. October 5, 1920.
The eight ballplayers were now "out" of baseball -- forever.
A stunned and saddened Charles Comiskey now realized that his dream of a White Sox dynasty was over. Throughout the remaining years of his life he was often heard mumbling to himself, "I can't see why they did that to me." The White Sox would not appear in a World Series until 1959 - and they would not bring the pendant home until 2005.
Landis' harsh decision and commentary quickly faded when George Herman "Babe" Ruth began hitting balls out of the park and stole the headlines! In 1920, the Yankee's outfielder had smacked 54 home runs and the next year, 1921, he had hit 59! He was hitting more home runs in one year than the total number of home runs by entire teams. The "8 men out" were soon forgotten as the Bambino brought fans roaring back to the ball park.
All the gamblers involved in the "fix" escaped prosecution. In October of 1928, Arnold Rothstein took part in a 3-day poker marathon, losing upwards of $320,000 ($4.5 million today). Claiming that the game was fixed (I love the sense of irony here), he refused to pay. This set in motion the events leading to his murder.
A month later, in November of 1928, Rothstein was called to a meeting at Manhattan's Park Central Hotel. The meeting took place in a third floor room and it is thought that gambler, George "Hump" McManus, shot Rothstein -- mortally wounding him. As the gamblers fled the scene, Rothstein staggered down the hallway and down three flights of stairs before collapsing. Rushed to the hospital, Rothstein lingered two days before succumbing to his wounds.
The 8 banished Black Sox fanned out across America. Most living out the rest of their lives never talking about the "fix." Chick Gandil gave one interview to Sports Illustrated in 1956, but the others remained silent. Joe Jackson returned to South Carolina where he was received as a local hero and became a successful business man. But the memory of what they had once been, professional baseball players on maybe one of the greatest teams ever -- and could have been, if they were able to continue playing -- must surely have haunted them for the remainder of their lives.
Buck Weaver remained in Chicago and on several occasions wrote letters to the Commissioner of Baseball asking to have his name reinstated. Each request was refused. On a cold day in January, 1956, while walking down a Southside street, Buck Weaver collapsed and died of a heart attack. His indictment still standing.
Having retired from his plumbing business, Chick Gandil moved to northern California where he died in 1970 at the age of 83. His wife had him hastily buried and his obituary merely stated that Arnold Gandil, a retired plumber, had died that day. Not many took notice of his passing until someone recognized the name and realized who Arnold Gandil was, or at least had been. And so, beyond the grave, whether he had been a decent plumber, a good husband or even a wonderful father, he would ALWAYS remain a Black Sox.
In August 2007, while traveling north from San Francisco to Seattle, I stopped off in the tiny town of Shasta City which lies in the shadow of Mount Shasta. I located the grave of Charles "Swede" Risberg. The youngest of the Black Sox, he was the last of the 8 banished players to pass on -- he died on his 81st birthday in 1975.


If Mises's criticism of methods applies to economics, then it absolutely applies to psychology. The DSM is a book attempting to turning human behavior into a physics problem.
Has anyone taken a praxeological approach to psychology? I think REBT is a good start. Also Peter Raabe has a book on Philosophical Counseling that is worth a look.


Just a few (long overdue) notes from our last event, Going Pro featuring Sylvia Taylor.
We introduced our new online registration system, which worked well. Remember: preregister and save $5.
We moved from our old location of the Shebeen to the new one of the Everything Cafe, but at the last minute had to move from there again, because of a licensing issue. Rogue Wetbar stepped up and donated a private room (which normally costs $600) and made us a terrific custom menu. I had the halibut tacos, and they were fantastic.
We lost two people who'd preregistered, because they went to the Everything. I have issued them refunds.
We had one of our largest groups since the Social Media for Nonprofits night this past Spring, with 17 members showing up, including some new faces.
It was a very engaged and enthusiastic audience, thanks to Sylvia. Her presentation on professionalism and an entrepreneurial approach to a literary career was a big hit with the attendees, several of whom whipped out their business cards to see if they passed the Sylvia test!
So, if you missed it don't fret too much: you can always reach Sylvia, thanks to her website and contact details. And god knows, we're sure to have her back soon!
You think them sonnets write themselves?
Come Out of the Cave and Into the Village!
Getting published and making a living isn't just about writing anymore – it's about building a solid foundation, a platform, of credibility and expertise. For experienced and emerging writers alike, we need to build our presence from the ground up, with good planning, good tools, good materials and creative flair. Treat yourself as an entrepreneur and you add to your chances of business success, particularly in a hostile economic climate like this one.
About Sylvia Taylor: Sylvia Taylor is an award-winning writer, editor, consultant, journalist, and educator with a passionate commitment to communication. As an entrepreneur and Executive Director of the Federation of BC Writers she brings what needs to be said into the world through the sublime balance of the Art & Engineering of Creativity.
New! Improved! Tonight, for the first time we'll be at a new downtown location: a private dining room in the beautiful Rogue Wetbar in Waterfront Station. Register in advance and save $5!
You can has a famus?
You want a famus? There's one surefire way to develop your own public: get yourself on social media! On Saturday, June 19 I'll be teaching a four-hour workshop on how writers specifically can use social media platforms like WordPress, Facebook, Stumbleupon, Twitter, Tumblr, and others to develop fans, followers, avid readers, and even a few enemies (you're nobody till somebody hates you, darling!). This is a fundraiser for the Federation of BC Writers, and if you sign up as a member that day you'll get $15 off membership AND save ten dollars on registration!
Bring your laptop! This is a participatory course, and you will be working in various sites in the class; you can use a pseudonym if you like, but do register a new email for it in advance of the class.
This workshop is a hands-on, intensive introduction to Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and other popular social media platforms, all taught from a writer's perspective. We will cover the etiquette unique to each platform and how it can work to a writer's advantage, how to set up your profile with a professional tone, privacy concerns, how to promote your work and your persona via social media and how to separate the work and the personal in the intertwined world of social media. This course will make you aware of all your different social media options and give you some perspective to make an informed choice about your participation in the social media space. You'll leave the class with an active Facebook Fan Page, a professional Twitter account, and a LinkedIn profile, and a good grounding on how to use each to promote yourself and your works in a powerful, professional and authentic way.
So, guess who's giving the keynote at the Fed AGM on Thursday? That's right, it's my fine self, and if you're a BC writer who is not yet part of the Fed, you might want to attend, not just for the chance to hear my mellifluous tones and terrific tips on social media for writerly self-promotion, but also because they are giving a discount on membership to new members who sign up that night.
Social Media: you've heard about it, you've probably used it without even knowing, now learn how to make it work for you. Social Media is the most effective, most affordable way for a professional writer to promote her self and her works, develop a following, and gain experience in the public eye if she knows what she's doing. Lorraine Murphy, a professional blogger and social media instructor for the past five years, will give us the benefit of her experience on Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, blogs, Digg, reddit, Stumbleupon, and other social media platforms. Canada was the birthplace of that truly revolutionary social media device, the telephone, and as the heirs of Bell and Watson, Canadian writers have every reason to put themselves at the forefront of this increasingly-critical, literary communications platform.
Federation members attending the AGM are invited to bring their books for display and sales.
My ten-week Blogging for Writers course begins online 7-8:30pm Wednesday, April 21st 6:30pm-8 Tuesday, May 18th, then on Wednesdays from May 19th onward for ten weeks. You don't need any blogging experience; we'll build the blog right in the first class. You do need a computer with a mic, so you can join the Skype conversation, or you need an ability to type almost as fast as you think so you can textSkype and keep up. And, obviously, an internet connection of better than dialup speeds.
Learn how to get the most out of blogs for promotion, sales, networking and (unexpectedly) to improve your writing.
In this hands-on workshop we'll cover setting up a blog, connecting with and managing an audience, using the blog for promotion and sales, and how a blog can make you a better writer, working our way through writers' exercises and gathering feedback from the class. Be prepared to participate!
The discipline of a daily blogger is a prerequisite to developing a body of work that functions as your online portfolio. Use your blogging as a tool to develop a powerful, confident voice and tackle writing challenges in a supportive, low-pressure environment. Includes exercises and benchmarks to help you analyze your progress and keep your work growing even after the class ends.
I've offered this in abbreviated form before; this will be the first complete course, as opposed to an afternoon or a day's work. There WILL be homework, and it WILL be checked (in fact, it's due 24 hours before the next class, so I have time to check all the work).
Cost is $250 via Paypal in advance, email bloggingclasses at gmail dot com to register.
Got this in my regular VOX email from the Federation of BC Writers, a terrific group that, if you are a BC writer, you really should join!
Winners will be read their pieces at the Word On The Street Festival in Vancouver on September 26, 2010.
The competition is open to all BC writers and residents.
Entries must be original work, not previously published in any form. Copyright remains with the author.
Maximum 2,000 words per entry. No limit to number of entries.
Blind judging in effect: do not include your name on the manuscript.
Manuscripts should be typed, double-spaced, 12 font, Times New Roman, pages numbered consecutively and stapled together, title in the footer of each page. Include a cover letter with your name, address, telephone, e-mail and the title of your piece(s).
Manuscripts will NOT be returned; they are destroyed at the end of the competition.
Contest results posted on The Federation of BC writers website in September 2010.
Entry fee: $15 for Federation members and $20 for non-members. There is no limit to the number of entries an individual may submit but each entry must be accompanied by the entry fee. A person may win only one prize.
Make cheque payable to The Federation of BC Writers.


The Trio speaker system from Avantgarde Acoustic is undoubtedly an iconic loudspeaker. It has been refined over the years and now the German horn manufacturer is releasing a special, limited edition of their flagship product, to celebrate their 26th anniversary.
"What if we ignore the past, and put simply everything to question again?" says Holger Fromme of the design approach for the Trio Luxury Edition 26. And as improbable as it seemed initially, through research on mechanical structures, materials, and crossover parts Avantgarde did find some room for improvements.
Avantgarde Acoustic's careful material selection led to the choice of German oak veneer and solid V2A stainless steel bars for the frame. The limited edition Trios will even get a bit of a "Midas touch" with the option of 24k gold plated V2A steel bars and for the flare of the Bass Horns. Not just a visual makeover though, there are new crossover capacitors hand made in Germany resulting in weights of up to 700 grams per capacitor and a price of 1000€.
Avantgarde Acoustic have released the brochure, which is also available as a coffee-table book from selected dealers.