text:
Why would anyone argue against billionaires paying more tax? Just see Useful Idiot theory
Arwa Mahdawi
Photograph: Stephanie Keith/Getty Images
There is a school in my Manhattan neighbourhood that has been giving out free meals during the pandemic – and every time I walk past it the line seems longer. A community fridge recently popped up a couple of blocks away; it's one of many that activists have installed across the city to combat growing food insecurity. Just around the corner there's a young woman who has become a new fixture among the beggars I usually see in the area. She lost her job because of Covid, her cardboard sign says; she can't pay her rent.
It's not all doom and gloom. While the poor are getting poorer, the 1% are making out like bandits. America's 600-plus billionaires saw their wealth grow by more than $700bn (£525bn) in the first few months of the pandemic, according to an analysis by the progressive non-profit Americans for Tax Fairness. During the same period, more than 50 million American workers lost their jobs. The US government has printed trillions in economic relief, but many of the forgivable emergency loans earmarked for small businesses seem to have been nabbed by the super-rich. My local independent coffee shop has closed down, but Kanye West received a partially forgivable loan worth at least $2m. It is becoming increasingly clear that the US is experiencing one of the biggest wealth transfers in history.
Bernie Sanders has a plan to help. Last week, Sanders introduced a bill, the Make Billionaires Pay Act, that would establish a one-time 60% tax on billionaires' pandemic gains and use the money to guarantee Americans free healthcare for a year. There is very little chance the bill will get passed, but if it did Jeff Bezos would have to pay about $45bn in tax from the $75bn he has gained since mid-March, and Mark Zuckerberg would owe about $25bn out of the $42bn he has made in the pandemic, according to Americans for Tax Fairness (although these profit calculations have been contested). Somehow, I feel that each man would still manage to live a fairly comfortable life.
Billionaires shouldn't exist in the first place – the idea that they should be taxed at a higher rate during a pandemic to help subsidise healthcare shouldn't be remotely controversial. However, there are some who reckon such a move would be grossly unfair to poor unfortunate billionaires who, as we all know, are one of the most unfairly maligned groups in the world. Both Fast Company and MarketWatch, for example, argued that the way Americans for Tax Fairness calculated billionaires' profits during the pandemic was flawed, and they hadn't actually got that much richer after all.
We are teetering on the edge of a devastating global depression that could see 60 million people around the world pushed into extreme poverty. At a time like this why on earth would anyone argue against billionaires paying their fair share? The Useful Idiot theory might help explain it.
"During the 1930s and 40s and 50s, the right had derided liberal writers and editors as communists' 'useful idiots', unwittingly doing the communists' propaganda work," the American writer Kurt Andersen recently wrote in the Atlantic. "It looks in retrospect as if, starting in the 1970s, a lot of them – of us – became capitalists' useful idiots." A lot of educated liberal professionals got co-opted into helping the super-rich argue that their unconscionable wealth is well-deserved. It is not just economic policies that have led to extreme inequality, it is the normalisation of inequality and the gentrification of greed; the re-branding of robber barons as "philanthropists" and hard-working innovators. It is hard to Make Billionaires Pay when so many useful idiots are intent on pandering to them.
Arwa Mahdawi is a Guardian columnist
WILMINGTON, Del. — President-elect Joe Biden is proposing a $1.9 trillion plan to expand coronavirus vaccinations, help individuals and jump-start the economy. The plan, which would require congressional approval, is packed with proposals on health care, education, labour and cybersecurity. Here's a look at what's in it: CONTAINING THE VIRUS — A $20 billion national program would establish community vaccination centres across the U.S. and send mobile units to remote communities. Medicaid patients would have their costs covered by the federal government, and the administration says it will take steps to ensure all people in the U.S. can receive the vaccine for free, regardless of their immigration status. — An additional $50 billion would expand testing efforts and help schools and governments implement routine testing. Other efforts would focus on developing better treatments for COVID-19 and improving efforts to identify and track new strains of the virus. INDIVIDUALS AND WORKERS — Stimulus checks of $1,400 per person in addition to the $600 checks Congress approved in December. By bringing payments to $2,000 — an amount Democrats previously called for — the administration says it will help families meet basic needs and support local businesses. — A temporary boost in unemployment benefits and a moratorium on evictions and foreclosures would be extended through September. — The federal minimum wage would be raised to $15 per hour from the current rate of $7.25 per hour. — An emergency measure requiring employers to provide paid sick leave would be reinstated. The administration is urging Congress to keep the requirement through Sept. 30 and expand it to federal employees. — The child care tax credit would be expanded for a year, to cover half the cost of child care up to $4,000 for one child and $8,000 for two or more for families making less than $125,000 a year. Families making between $125,000 and $400,000 would get a partial credit. — $15 billion in federal grants to help states subsidize child care for low-income families, along with a $25 billion fund to help child care centres in danger of closing. SCHOOLS — $130 billion for K-12 schools to help them reopen safely. The money is meant to help reach Biden's goal of having a majority of the nation's K-8 schools open within his first 100 days in the White House. Schools could use the funding to cover a variety of costs, including the purchase of masks and other protective equipment, upgrades to ventilation systems and staffing for school nurses. Schools would be expected to use the funding to help students who fell behind on academics during the pandemic, and on efforts to meet students' mental health needs. A portion of the funding would go to education equity grants to help with challenges caused by the pandemic. — Public colleges and universities would get $35 billion to cover pandemic-related expenses and to steer funding to students as emergency grants. An additional $5 billion would go to governors to support programs helping students who were hit hardest by the pandemic. SMALL BUSINESS — $15 billion in grants to more than 1 million small businesses that have been hit hard by the pandemic, as well as other assistance. STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT — $350 billion in emergency funding for state, local and territorial governments to help front-line workers. — $20 billion in aid to public transit agencies. CYBERSECURITY — $9 billion to modernize information technology systems at federal agencies, motivated by recent cybersecurity attacks that penetrated multiple agencies. — $690 million to boost federal cybersecurity monitoring efforts and $200 million to hire hundreds of new cybersecurity experts. The Associated Press
What you need to know about COVID-19 in Ottawa on Friday, Jan. 15
Recent developments: The city is opening a second isolation centre for men to meet growing demand. What's the latest? Ottawa Public Health (OPH) is reporting 148 new COVID-19 cases and four more deaths Friday. The city's bylaw department issued two charges for indoor social gatherings on the first day of the province's stay-at-home order, along with three warnings — two for mask violations, one for a non-essential business staying open. A second isolation centre for men will soon open at a hostel on Nicholas Street near the Rideau Centre. The city says there's growing demand for beds, especially ones that are closer to other services than the existing isolation centre the Canada Science and Technology Museum. Shipments of Pfizer-BioNTech's COVID-19 vaccine to Canada will be cut in half for the next four weeks because of expansion work at Pfizer's factory in Belgium. Shipments are expected to be back on track by the end of March, and officials say the delay won't interfere with Canada's immunization goals. How many cases are there? In Ottawa, 12,027 people have tested positive for COVID-19 as its spread reaches a record high. There are 1,261 known active cases, 10,364 resolved cases and 402 deaths from COVID-19. Public health officials have reported more than 21,600 COVID-19 cases across eastern Ontario and western Quebec, including more than 18,600 resolved cases. A hundred and three people have died of COVID-19 elsewhere in eastern Ontario and 139 people have died in western Quebec. CBC Ottawa is profiling those who've died of COVID-19. If you'd like to share your loved one's story, please get in touch. What can I do? Ontario says people need to only leave home when essential to avoid more COVID-19 cases, hospitalizations and deaths. People who leave home for non-essential reasons can now be fined, though police won't be stopping people just for being outside. Travel within Ontario is not recommended. Residents who leave the province should isolate for 14 days upon returning. Private indoor gatherings are not allowed, while outdoor gatherings can't have more than five people and it's strongly recommended people stick to their households. People who live alone are still allowed to interact with one other household. Outdoor recreation venues remain open. In-person shopping is limited to essential businesses. Others can offer pickup and delivery. The province will announce by Wednesday which schools can offer general in-person learning. The Ottawa-Carleton School Board has said it won't bring that back for secondary schools until at least Feb. 1. Child-care centres remain open. The lockdown rules are in place until at least Feb. 11. In western Quebec, residents are also asked not to leave home unless it's essential and not see anyone they don't live with, with an exception for people living alone who can visit one other home. Quebec's 8 p.m. to 5 a.m. curfew is now in effect, with fines of up to $6,000 for breaking the rules. The province has shut down non-essential businesses and has extended secondary school closures until next week. Travel from one region to another is discouraged throughout Quebec. Those rules are in place until Feb. 8. Distancing and isolating The novel coronavirus primarily spreads through droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, breathes or speaks onto someone or something. These droplets can hang in the air. People can be contagious without symptoms. This means people should take precautions such as staying home when they have symptoms, keeping hands and frequently touched surfaces clean and maintaining distance from anyone they don't live with — even with a mask on. WATCH | Canada Tonight on homelessness and the pandemic: Masks, preferably with three layers, are mandatory in indoor public settings in Ontario and Quebec and should be worn outdoors when people can't distance from others. OPH says residents should wear masks outside their homes whenever possible. Anyone with COVID-19 symptoms should self-isolate, as should those who've been ordered to do so by their public health unit. The length varies in Ontario and Quebec. Health Canada recommends older adults and people with underlying medical conditions and/or weakened immune systems stay home as much as possible and get friends and family to help with errands. Anyone returning to Canada must go straight home and stay there for 14 days. Air travellers have to show recent proof of a negative COVID-19 test. Symptoms and vaccines COVID-19 can range from a cold-like illness to a severe lung infection, with common symptoms including fever, a cough, vomiting and loss of taste or smell. Children can develop a rash. If you have severe symptoms, call 911. WATCH | How it feels to be home after more than two months in hospital: Mental health can also be affected by the pandemic and resources are available to help. COVID-19 vaccines have been given to health-care workers and long-term care residents in most of the Ottawa-Gatineau area. The exception for now is Renfrew County, which says it expects its first doses early next month. Ontario wants every long-term care resident and worker to have at least one shot by Feb. 15. Ottawa's mayor said Jan. 15 that was expected to happen by the end of that day in his city. In Ontario, it's expected that vaccination will expand to priority groups such as older adults and essential workers in April, and potentially even March, with vaccines widely available to the public in August. Ottawa believes it can have nearly 700,000 residents vaccinated by then. Quebec has a somewhat controversial policy of giving a single dose to as many people as possible rather than giving fewer people two doses. It says people will get their second dose within 90 days. As of Jan. 14, western Quebec's health authority had given out about 4,400 doses. It says it will have reached all of its long-term care homes by early next week. Where to get tested In eastern Ontario: Anyone seeking a test should book an appointment. Ontario recommends only getting tested if you have symptoms, if you've been told to by your health unit or the province, or if you fit certain other criteria. People without symptoms but part of the province's targeted testing strategy can make an appointment at select pharmacies. Travellers who need a test have very few local options to pay for one. Ottawa has 10 permanent test sites, with mobile sites wherever demand is particularly high. The Eastern Ontario Health Unit has sites in Cornwall, Hawkesbury, Rockland and Winchester. Its Alexandria and Casselman sites are temporarily closed. People can arrange a test in Picton over the phone or Bancroft, Belleville and Trenton, where online booking is preferred. The Leeds, Grenville and Lanark health unit has permanent sites in Almonte, Brockville, Kemptville and Smiths Falls and a mobile clinic. Renfrew County test clinic locations are posted weekly. Residents can also call their family doctor or 1-844-727-6404 with health questions. Kingston's main test site is at the Beechgrove Complex, another is in Napanee. In western Quebec: Tests are strongly recommended for people with symptoms and their contacts. Outaouais residents can make an appointment in Gatineau at 135 blvd. Saint-Raymond or 617 ave. Buckingham. They can check the wait time for the Saint-Raymond site. There are recurring clinics by appointment in communities such as Maniwaki, Fort-Coulonge and Petite-Nation. Call 1-877-644-4545 with questions, including if walk-in testing is available nearby. First Nations, Inuit and Métis: Akwesasne has had 116 residents test positive on the Canadian side of the border, 25 of them active cases, and five deaths. More than 230 people have tested positive across the community. Its curfew from 11 p.m. to 5 a.m. is back and it has a COVID-19 test site by appointment only. Anyone returning to the community on the Canadian side of the international border who's been farther than 160 kilometres away — or visited Montreal — for non-essential reasons is asked to self-isolate for 14 days. Kitigan Zibi logged its first case in mid-December and has had a total of 18. The Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte had its only confirmed case in November. People in Pikwakanagan can book a COVID-19 test by calling 613-625-2259. Anyone in Tyendinaga who's interested in a test can call 613-967-3603. Inuit in Ottawa can call the Akausivik Inuit Family Health Team at 613-740-0999 for service, including testing, in Inuktitut or English on weekdays. For more information


text:
Metros Mumbai 11 Oct 2017 State cuts petrol by Rs 2, diesel by Rs 1
Metros, Mumbai
State cuts petrol by Rs 2, diesel by Rs 1
Published : Oct 11, 2017, 1:22 am IST
Updated : Oct 11, 2017, 1:22 am IST
Revised fuel rates were applicable from Tuesday night.
The state will have to bear burden of about Rs 940 crore for reducing petrol prices and about Rs 1,075 crore for the cut in diesel prices.
Mumbai: Responding to the Centre's appeal to reduce Value Added Tax (VAT) on petrol and diesel, Maharashtra government on Tuesday cut prices by Rs 2 for petrol and Rs 1 for diesel respectively. The revised fuel rates would be applicable from Tuesday midnight.
"We have reduced petrol prices by Rs 2 and diesel prices by Rs 1 to bring some relief for the people. This will put a burden of about Rs 2,000 crore on the state exchequer. The government is ready to bear the additional financial burden despite Maharashtra's economy not being in good shape," state finance minister Sudhir Mungantiwar said.
Maharashtra has a different level of taxes on petroleum products. The state government has been criticised in the past for having the highest taxes on petroleum products in the country.
However, Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) leaders have supported these taxes by citing the use of revenue generated from them being used for developmental projects.
Looking at the backlash over high petrol prices however, the Centre has slashed tax on petrol by Rs 1.17 per litre. At the same time, the Union finance ministry had asked the state government to reduce taxes. Maharashtra pockets Rs 7,300 crore from petrol taxes and Rs 10,500 crore from diesel taxes.
Maharashtra and Gujarat are the only two states that have reduced the VAT on petrol and diesel. Gujarat has cut the VAT by four per cent.
Tags: petrol price, vat
ALSO FROMLife
Mumbai malls to reopen but the vibe will be odd
For Vangani's visually impaired people, lockdown spells doom
Weddings amid a pandemic
Desperate Mumbai turns untested drug
My life in Covid-19 quarantine
Framing the Mundane

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Police have appealed for information after a prisoner custody officer was seriously assaulted at Blackfriars Crown Court.
At about 1.35pm on Monday police officers were alerted to a Serco prisoner custody officer who is said to have been seriously assaulted by a male prisoner at Blackfriars Crown Court.
The prisoner custody officer – a woman believed to be aged in her fifties – was assaulted as she escorted a prisoner between the court and a waiting van which was parked inside the court precincts.
London's Air Ambulance landed in Tabard Gardens and the victim was treated at the scene before being taken to an east London hospital. She remains there in a critical condition.
A man aged 22 has been arrested on suspicion of attempted murder and remains in custody at a south London police station.
Anyone with information that could assist the investigation is asked to call the incident room based at Sutton on 020 8721 4054 or call Crimestoppers anonymously on 0800 555 111.


text:
Home/Billy Graham Devotions/Billy Graham 15th January 2023 – Lean on the Rock
Billy Graham 15th January 2023 – Lean on the Rock
BILLY GRAHAM DAILY DEVOTIONAL FOR 15 JANUARY 2023
You're welcome as you read Billy Graham Today Devotional 2023. William Franklin Graham Jr. was an American evangelist and an ordained Southern Baptist minister who became well known internationally in the late 1940s. He was a prominent evangelical Christian figure, and according to a biographer, was "among the most influential Christian leaders" of the 20th century.
Billy Graham 15th January 2023 Today's Topic: Lean on the Rock
Streams of JOY Daily Devotional Message 12 January 2023
Seeds of Destiny 12th January 2023 Devotional
MFM Devotional 12th January 2023: Restoration With Compensation (1)
Billy Graham 15th January 2023 – Bible Verse
When my heart is overwhelmed: lead me to the rock that is higher than I. —Psalm 61:2
When you become a Christian, it doesn't mean that you will live on a perpetual "high." The Psalmist David went down to the very depths, and so did the Apostle Paul. But in the midst of all circumstances God's grace, peace, and joy are there. The tears will still come, the pressures will be felt, and so will the temptations. But there is a new dimension, a new direction, and a new power in life to face the circumstances in which you live.
Listen to a 1-minute message on hope in the midst of suffering.
Prayer for the day: David and Paul have given me the example of trusting You, Lord, even in the excruciating valleys of life. Like them, I praise You.
Read More Daily Devotional Message on DAILYDEVOTIONAL
Billy Graham Devotions 2023
Joyce Meyer Devotional 15 January 2023 || True Love
Billy Graham 29 January 2023 Devotions || Share What He Has Done
Billy Graham 28 January 2023 Devotions || Jesus Is Our Comforter
Billy Graham 27 January 2023 Devotions || Responsibility of Family


text:
Kid Cudi Reveals Floral Dress Is Part Of His Upcoming Off-White Collection
Apr 11 2021 3:46 pm By Aron A.
Kid Cudi reveals he asked Virgil Abloh to design a floral dress for his SNL performance "to show love to Kurt."
Kid Cudi received a polarizing response to his choice of clothing on Saturday Night Live. The Ohio rapper donned a t-shirt with Chris Farley's face underneath a green cardigan that many believed to be a tribute to Kurt Cobain. It was indeed true, and Cudder took it a step further by rocking a floral dress similar to the one that Cobain wore on the cover of The Face Magazine.
https://www.instagram.com/p/CNg90Ggl8lW
If there's one major takeaway from Kid Cudi's music, it's that you should be yourself and embrace every part of it, even if others think it's weird. The rapper responded to the critics on Twitter where he confirmed that it served as a tribute to Kurt Cobain that was designed by Virgil Abloh. "Virgil designed the dress for me. I told him I wanted to show love to Kurt w a floral print sundress and this man made a masterpiece. Thank You @virgilabloh ur a fuckin genius!! Love you man we did it!!!" He tweeted.
The piece isn't a one-off, either. The rapper confirmed that he had an upcoming collection with Off-White on the way with the floral dress serving as one of the pieces. "Im doin a collection w Off White and the dress will be included," he added.
Check his tweets out below. Did you enjoy his performance on SNL? Sound off in the comments.
https://twitter.com/_/status/1381302409671143425


text:
Jade's Story: From the classroom to the COVID unit
Jade Nardi is a young woman who, in many ways, raised herself. In a life that taught her early to either sink or swim, she's lived without the luxury of a life raft for as long as she can remember.
Growing up, Jade's family frequently struggled with dependency issues and less than adequate access to necessities like food and housing. So, when it came time for Jade to create a world of her own, she envisioned a life opposite to the experiences she encountered as a young girl.
Despite the lack of role models in her earlier life, Jade continued to push for something more. Along the way, she held close to "an inner-knowing that [she was] destined for greatness," and through her perseverance, she navigated a new life for herself.
When one door closes…
Even though she did not receive much support in her younger years, Jade always found herself helping others, "It's in my personality," she shared.
While working as a traveling Certified Nursing Assistant for hospice care, Jade became particularly fond of one elderly couple, Justine, a retired judge, and Harvey, a former pilot. Jade grew so close to the pair that she would cook breakfast for them on her days off.
"Harvey, Justine's husband, had cancer, and at the time, I didn't know how bad it was," Jade described. "I knew that cancer had infiltrated his brain and that it was a closing door, but I didn't know how fast the door was going to close or when."
"I was there when Harvey passed, and his family had a lot of questions. At the time, I couldn't answer most of them because I didn't know the disease process. After seeing what death looked like and felt like, and in a swirl of emotions that I had never felt before, I asked myself how I could better help and offer my services."
"While working in hospice, I fell in love creating relationships with my patients, and I knew I wanted to spend more time with them," Jade acknowledged. "I knew I had to go back to school, and I knew I needed to further my education."
The signs and signals on the screen
Next, Jade was taking pre-requisite courses at a local community college when her sister suddenly became incredibly sick and was admitted into an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) at a nearby hospital.
"My sister was in the ICU for two weeks, and it was very touch-and-go," Jade detailed. "They sent in a priest, and we got ready to say our goodbyes. At the time, I was taking pictures of the monitors and prescriptions because I knew one day I'd know what all of this stuff meant, and I'd make sense of it."
Jade's sibling remarkably survived and has since recovered, much thanks to her sister's compassionate care.
But Jade still had the pictures of her sister's monitors and medications, and she still had the determination to uncover what it all meant.
A flexible plan for her professional future
With the thought of furthering her career always in the back of her mind, Jade heard about Goodwin University after listening to a radio commercial coming through her car speakers.
"Once I learned that Respiratory Care was a two-year program, that Goodwin offered classes at night, and that I could work full-time while attending school, that's what led me on the respiratory route," Jade explained.
"Then, when I walked into Goodwin, right as I entered through the doors, I was greeted by this sweet 'hello,' and I felt welcomed. Even though it was just a 'hello,' since I don't have a support system of my own, that was a huge deal for me."
Enthusiastic professors and an extraordinary clinical experience
It didn't take long for Jade to enroll at Goodwin, and as a first-generation student, she began taking evening classes four days a week while working full time.
"The professors were unbelievably upbeat and positive," Jade stated. "Whatever challenges arose, the students, including myself, were able to go to them and get the support they needed. One professor started every class with a joke — it was a cheesy joke every time — but after a long day at work, it was great.
The clinical instructors gave me the skillset to know what I'm doing with my patients, too. They were always available, a huge help, and wonderful at being hands-on."
For clinical training, "Goodwin provided the opportunity to be exposed to long-term care facilities, level-one hospitals, and children's hospitals," she specified.
During her time at Connecticut Children's Medical Center in Hartford, Jade got to witness a procedure on a 17-month-old who had an open chest cavity and coded.
"At the pediatric patient's bedside, I had to hand the doctor a pair of scissors so he could open the patient's bandage and start cardiac massage. It was a once in a lifetime experience," Jade disclosed.
Connections with her classmates
When it came to her cohort, "I really developed some phenomenal friendships within the group," Jade revealed. "There were around 12 of us, and we were all there for one another; they were my family."
"In Respiratory Therapy, doctors count on you, and everyone looks to you for advice in the middle of life-and-death situations with your patients. When you see someone die in the movies or hear a code called, it's nothing like it is in person, so we all leaned on each other and talked about our experiences. We would stay after on Saturday for a study group, or we would all go to dinner to decompress.
"Whether I went through a breakup or had an awful day at the hospital, my peers told me that it would be ok, that I was going to make it, and that they were there for me. It was the only time I ever felt valued and supported by individuals who started as strangers and ended up becoming my best friends. My classmates became my family," she expressed with gratitude.
When confidence meets her calling
Once she completed all of her classes and clinical hours, Jade graduated from Goodwin, passed her qualification exams, and earned her title as a Registered Respiratory Therapist.
Not letting life struggles define her or using her past as an excuse for defeat, "I'm proud of myself for beating the odds, pursuing my dreams, and continually stepping up my game," Jade celebrated.
A lifelong learner, Jade recently earned her bachelor's degree in Respiratory Therapy from Boise State and is currently working on her prerequisites to become a physician's assistant. Jade now works at Backus Hospital in Norwich.
"Goodwin gave me the foundation for my career, and I've built on that foundation," Jade stated proudly. "I get my name out there, make a name for myself, form relationships with people, and I do my best to succeed in anything that leads me toward my dream."
The realities of respiratory therapy
"Attending Goodwin allowed me to understand the nitty-gritty of mechanical ventilation and empowered me to be confident in my assessment skills by evaluating situations as a whole. I remember learning that the first thing you do when you walk into a room is look at the patient; a lot of people working in hospitals don't do that. Instead, they will look at the monitor, the drips, or the ventilator, but what's most important is looking at the patient first," Jade enlightened.
"That advice became particularly valuable during COVID. Nothing fully prepared anyone for the pandemic, so when we didn't have enough of what we usually depend on to assess a patient, I had to rely on my patient assessment skillset to tell myself, 'This is where my patient is, and that is what I need to do right now.'"
As part of her daily workwear, Jade gets ready for her hospital shift by putting on a full hospital gown, scrub cap, surgical mask, N95 mask, face shield, and gloves.
"I've had enough personal protective equipment (PPE), but it has been limited," Jade admitted, "So all I can do is try to be as clean and healthy as possible."
But even among all precautions, Jade was diagnosed with the Coronavirus in March of 2020, just as the pandemic began. "I was exposed, and patients were coming in. At the time, we didn't know that they were COVID positive, and then the pandemic hit."
Since she recovered, Jade uses her previous COVID diagnosis to better relate to her patients. "I had a very small symptom set compared to my patients, but when people come in, and they're short of breath, I understand that feeling.
"But by the time I step into the room, the situation is severe. My patients have the feeling that they're going to die, and I know that they might not going to come off of the ventilator alive. So the job, in part, is helping to calm my patients, whether that be with medication or telling them, 'you're in great hands… I'm not going to leave you… everything will be ok.'
"The pandemic reinforced that my purpose in life is to be the bridge between life and death — that's what respiratory therapy is. For the most part, when I put people on the ventilator, I'm the last one they look at, the last one they talk to. When I intubate patients, or pull the tube out to let them go and pass as they please, I'm the last one with the hands on the body.
"I talk to every single patient as they pass, and I will go into the room and physically hold their hand just so a person doesn't pass on their own. It's a tremendous job, and I feel so grateful and an overwhelming sense of privilege to be the one to do it."
A hopeful healthcare hero
When crediting her character and career success, "Everyone in life has struggles, but they shouldn't let those struggles deter them from succeeding," Jade advised. "We are so privileged to be alive, to have the chance to breathe, and we are privileged to have the opportunity to be educated.
"Goodwin gave me the opportunity to become the woman that I dreamed of becoming. I can support myself, do my job, and save lives. Since February of last year, I've been working with COVID patients. I've lost a multitude of patients over these past months, and I still have the strength in me to keep going to save my patients from this pandemic.
"If it weren't for Goodwin and getting my degree, I wouldn't have one of the top jobs in the nation right now. I am extremely grateful that I fell into the respiratory therapy path. I feel so valued as an individual, and I'm doing remarkable work. When it comes down to it, it's all because of Goodwin."
Click here to learn more about Goodwin's Respiratory Care program!
February 8, 2021 Goodwin UniversityAssociate Degree in Respiratory Care, Respiratory Care, Respiratory Therapy, Student Success Story
Previous Previous post: Public Health Salary Information in Connecticut
Next Next post: The Most In-Demand Majors of 2020-2021


text:
Q: Determining the sign of the Gauss sum under the change of variable $x\mapsto 1+u$. I'm having a hard time deciphering some old notes. The aim is to determine the sign of the Gauss sum. Paraphrasing:

Take the polynomial
  $$
\sum_{i=1}^{p-1}\left(\frac{i}{p}\right)x^i-\sigma\prod_{j=1}^{(p-1)/2}(x^{2j-1}-x^{p-2j+1})
$$
  where $\sigma=\pm 1$. We know $x^p-1$ divides this polynomial, so write it as $(x^p-1)f(x)$. Changing variables to $1+u$, we obtain
  $$
\sum_{i=1}^{p-1}\left(\frac{i}{p}\right)(1+u)^i-\sigma\prod_{j=1}^{(p-1)/2}((1+u)^{2j-1}-(1+u)^{p-2j+1})=((1+u)^p-1)f(1+u).
$$
Comparing coefficients, reducing modulo $p$, and applying Wilson's theorem shows $\sigma=1$.

I should mention that $\left(\frac{i}{p}\right)$stands for the Legendre symbol. The last sentence skips too many details for me to reproduce. Can anybody show in a bit more detail how to conclude $\sigma=1$? I appreciate it, thanks kindly.

A: Let $A(x) = \sum_{i=1}^{p-1}\left(\frac{i}{p}\right)x^i$ and $B(x) = \prod_{j=1}^{(p-1)/2}(x^{2j-1}-x^{p-2j+1})$, so that $$A(x) - \sigma B(x) = (x^p - 1) f(x).$$
Observe that in $\mathbb{F}_p$, $x^p - 1 = (x-1)^p$, and for $j=1,2,\ldots,(p-1)/2$, $1$ is a simple root of $b_j(x) = x^{2j-1} - x^{p-2j+1}$ (i.e. $x-1\mid b_j(x)$ but $(x-1)^2\nmid b_j(x)$). Thus $$(x-1)^{(p-1)/2} \| B(x) \implies (x-1)^{(p-1)/2} \| A(x).$$
None of this is strictly necessary, but it does tell us that in order to find $\sigma$, it suffices to look at the $(p-1)/2$th derivative evaluated at $1$, or equivalently, the coefficient of $u^{(p-1)/2}$ under the substitution $x\mapsto 1+u$.
Clearly $$[u^{(p-1)/2}]((1+u)^p - 1) f(1+u) \equiv [u^{(p-1)/2}]u^p f(1+u) = 0 \pmod{p}$$ and $$[u^{(p-1)/2}] B(1+u) = \prod_{j=1}^{(p-1)/2} (2j-1-p+2j-1).$$ To compute $[u^{(p-1)/2}]A(1+u)$, recall that $\sum_{i=1}^{p-1} i^r$ is congruent to $-1\pmod{p}$ when $p-1\mid r$ and $0\pmod{p}$ otherwise, and for $i=1,2,\ldots,p-1$, $\left(\frac{i}{p}\right)\equiv i^{(p-1)/2}\pmod{p}$. (Actually, by taking derivatives, we can directly use these two facts to prove that $(x-1)^{(p-1)/2} \| A(x)$.) Hence $$[u^{(p-1)/2}]A(1+u) \equiv \sum_{i=1}^{p-1} i^{(p-1)/2}\binom{i}{(p-1)/2} \equiv \frac{-1}{((p-1)/2)!} \pmod{p}.$$ It immediately follows that $$0 \equiv -1 - \sigma((p-1)/2)!\prod_{j=1}^{(p-1)/2}(4j-2) = -1 - \sigma\prod_{j=1}^{(p-1)/2}(2j)\prod_{j=1}^{(p-1)/2}(2j-1) \equiv -1+\sigma \pmod{p},$$ where we use Wilson's theorem in the last step. Thus $\sigma \equiv 1 \pmod{p}\implies \sigma = 1$, as desired.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
DEADLINE ALERT for EAR, NNOX, INNV, ZEV: Law Offices of Howard G. Smith Reminds Investors of Class Actions on Behalf of Shareholders
NNOX
Law Offices of Howard G. Smith
BENSALEM, Pa., Dec. 03, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) --
Law Offices of Howard G. Smith reminds investors that class action lawsuits have been filed on behalf of shareholders of the following publicly-traded companies. Investors have until the deadlines listed below to file a lead plaintiff motion.
Investors suffering losses on their investments are encouraged to contact the Law Offices of Howard G. Smith to discuss their legal rights in these class actions at 888-638-4847 or by email to howardsmith@howardsmithlaw.com.
Eargo, Inc. (NASDAQ: EAR)
Class Period: (i) October 2020 IPO and/or (ii) between October 15, 2020 and September 22, 2021
Lead Plaintiff Deadline: December 6, 2021
The complaint alleges that throughout the Class Period the defendants made false and/or misleading statements and/or failed to disclose: (1) that Eargo had improperly sought reimbursements from certain third-party payors; (2) that the foregoing was reasonably likely to lead to regulatory scrutiny; (3) that, as a result and because the reimbursements at issue involved the Company's largest third-party payor, Eargo's financial results would be adversely impacted; and (4) as a result, Defendants' statements about its business, operations, and prospects were materially false and misleading and/or lacked reasonable basis at all relevant times.
Nano-X Imaging Ltd. (NASDAQ: NNOX)
Class Period: June 17, 2021 – August 18, 2021
The complaint alleges that throughout the Class Period the defendants made false and/or misleading statements and/or failed to disclose that: (1) Nano-X's 510(k) application for the Nanox.ARC was deficient; (2) accordingly, it was unlikely that the FDA would approve the 510(k) application for the Nanox.ARC in its current form; (3) as a result, Nano-X had overstated the Nanox. ARC's regulatory and commercial prospects; and (4) as a result, the defendants' statements about its business, operations, and prospects, were materially false and misleading and/or lacked a reasonable basis at all relevant times.
InnovAge Holding Corp. (NASDAQ: INNV)
Class Period: March 2021 IPO
Lead Plaintiff Deadline: December 13, 2021
The complaint alleges that throughout the Class Period the defendants made false and/or misleading statements and/or failed to disclose: (1) that certain of InnovAge's facilities failed to provide covered services, provide accessible and adequate services, manage participants' medical situations, and oversee use of specialists; (2) that, as a result, the Company was reasonably likely to be subject to regulatory scrutiny, including by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services; (3) that, as a result, there as a significant risk that CMS would suspend new enrollments pending an audit of the Company's services; and (4) that, as a result of the foregoing, Defendants' positive statements about the Company's business, operations, and prospects, were materially misleading and/or lacked a reasonable basis.
Lightning eMotors, Inc. (NYSE: ZEV)
Class Period: May 7, 2021 – August 16, 2021
The complaint alleges that throughout the Class Period the defendants made false and/or misleading statements and/or failed to disclose that: (1) the Company would record a substantially greater net loss per share in the second quarter of 2021 compared to the second quarter of 2020 and would pull its full year guidance for the remainder of 2021; (2) accordingly, the Company materially overstated its financial position and/or prospects; and (3) as a result, Defendants' statements about its business, operations, and prospects, were materially false and misleading and/or lacked a reasonable basis at all relevant times.
To be a member of these class actions, you need not take any action at this time; you may retain counsel of your choice or take no action and remain an absent member of the class action. If you wish to learn more about these class actions, or if you have any questions concerning this announcement or your rights or interests with respect to these matters, please contact Howard G. Smith, Esquire, of Law Offices of Howard G. Smith, 3070 Bristol Pike, Suite 112, Bensalem, Pennsylvania 19020, by telephone at (215) 638-4847, toll-free at (888) 638-4847, or by email to howardsmith@howardsmithlaw.com, or visit our website at www.howardsmithlaw.com.
This press release may be considered Attorney Advertising in some jurisdictions under the applicable law and ethical rules.
Howard G. Smith, Esquire
howardsmith@howardsmithlaw.com
www.howardsmithlaw.com
Student Volunteerism Hits New High as Student Volunteers Contributed 16,000 Hours to Singapore's Cybersecurity Community in 2021
AiSP continues to partner with Ensign InfoSecurity and other industry players to support more youths to explore their interests and pursue a cybersecurity career in the future SINGAPORE - Media OutReach - 20 January 2022 - A total of 130 students in Singapore contributed more than 16,000 volunteer hours to the cybersecurity community as part of the Student Volunteer & Recognition Programme (SVRP) initiative in 2021. 2021 saw the highest number of volunteers and volunteer hours recorded since the


text:
Syzygium cormiflorum
Family: Myrtaceae
Distribution: Rainforests of north Queensland.
Common Name: Bumpy satinash.
Derivation of Name: Syzygium...from Greek syzygos, joined, referring to paired leaves and branchlets of a Jamacian species.
cormiflorum....a reference to the flowering habit in which masses of flowers appear directly from the trunk, presumably 'corm-like'.
Conservation Status: Not considered to be at risk in the wild
Syzygium is a genus of over 1000 species occurring in tropical and subtropical rainforests. There are about 50 species in Australia occurring in the Kimberly region of Western Australia, the Northern Territory, Queensland and northern New South Wales. The genus includes species previously classified in the genus Acmena as well as a number previously classified as Eugenia, including S.cormiflorum.
Cauliflorous flowers of Syzygium cormiflorum
Photo: John Wrigley
Syzygium cormiflorum is a tree which can reach 30 metres high in rainforests, though considerably smaller, 8-10 m, in cultivation (as is the case with many rainforest species). The habit is erect, with a straight trunk which may become buttressed on large specimens. The leaves are oblong, elliptic to almost lanceolate and about 60 to 210 mm long by 25 to 115 mm wide. The new growth is pink or purple in colour. The flowers are remarkable in that they appear on the trunk (described as cauliflorous), mainly in spring but they may occur in any season except summer. The flowers produce copious nectar and are up to 50 mm in diameter. They are followed by ovoid fruits, which are white, cream, pink or even reddish and around 30-60 mm long. Although technically edible they are not particularly palatable.
Despite its origin in tropical areas, S. cormiflorum can be grown in temperate and subtropical climates. Bumpy satinash is rarely seen in cultivation, despite its distinctive horticultural features. Furthermore it can be fairly compact in cultivation with a crown of foliage of only 2-3 metres as it grows taller. Unfortunately it may take 8-12 years to flower from seed, but its flushes of new growth are very attractive. It prefers rich soils and assured moisture in sun or dappled shade. Like other species of Syzygium, scale infestations are occasionally observed. This can be controlled by the use of white oil.
Propagation may be carried out from fresh seed, either by sowing the fruits whole or after removing the flesh. The species can also presumably be grown from cuttings of firm, current season's growth.


Fortinet Inc. FTNT reported strong results for fourth-quarter 2018, wherein both earnings and revenues surpassed the respective Zacks Consensus Estimate.
Fortinet's non-GAAP earnings per share (EPS) of 59 cents beat the Zacks Consensus Estimate of 51 cents and increased significantly from the year-ago quarter figure of 32 cents.
Revenues of $507 million surpassed the consensus estimate of $496 million and increased 22%.
Management notes that strong global demand for the company's Security Fabric offerings due to digital transformation across most industries is a tailwind. Growing adoption of its SD-WAN solution is also a positive. Further, the U.S. federal government shutdown, Brexit issues and the slowdown in the Chinese economy had no material impact on fourth-quarter results.
Moreover, the company's full-year results were also impressive with 20% year-over-year increase in revenues, which came at $1.8 billion. EPS for 2018 was $1.84 compared with $1.04 in the prior year.
Security Fabric architecture contributed to market share gain throughout 2018, along with improved sales and marketing.
Segment wise, Product revenues increased approximately 24% year over year to $200.8 million while Services revenues jumped 20% to $306.2 million. The company's traditional support offering FortiCare grew 21% to $141 million and its security subscription offering FortiGuard jumped 19% to $165 million in the quarter.
Product revenue growth was driven by the new E-series products, software sales and growth in fabric platform solutions.
Billings were up 22% on a year-over-year basis to $649 million. Strong billings growth was witnessed in each of the regions. Americas and EMEA were up 23% each. Strong enterprise growth in the United States was noteworthy.
During the quarter, the company reached 47 total deals worth more than $1 million, up 17.5% year over year.
Management noted that Service providers and MSSPs continued to be its largest vertical, representing 11 of its top 25 deals in the fourth quarter, including a large SD-WAN deal with European retailer Blackmine. Per the deal, Fortinet will provide integrated SD-WAN functionality and security in a single device.
The company at the end of the fourth quarter surpassed 600 issued patents.
Moreover, Fortinet and Symantec SYMC entered into a partnership to provide customers comprehensive and robust security solutions across endpoint network and cloud environments.
Gross margin increased to 75.7%, driven by a 40 basis points (bps) increase in services gross margin. The shift in sales mix to higher-margin subscription services was a positive.
Non-GAAP operating income surged 66% to $130.6 million. Non-GAAP operating margin expanded 700 bps to 26% on the back of solid revenue growth.
Fortinet exited the reported quarter with cash and cash equivalents, and short-term investments of approximately $1.65 billion, up from $1.63 billion recorded at the end of the previous quarter.
During the fourth quarter, the company generated operating cash flow of $167.7 million compared with $142.2 million in the previous quarter. Free cash flow came in at $168.6 million compared with $158.5 million in the third quarter.
For 2019, management projects revenues in the range of $2.06-$2.10 billion. The Zacks Consensus Estimate is pegged at $2.06 billion. Billings are expected to be within $2.45-$2.50 billion.
Non-GAAP gross margin is projected to be 75.5-76.5%. Non-GAAP operating margin is expected in the 22.5-23.5% range.
Non-GAAP earnings per share are estimated between $2.05 and $2.10. The Zacks Consensus Estimate stands at $1.99.
For the first quarter of 2019, the company expects revenues of $465-$475 million. The Zacks Consensus Estimate is pegged at $468.42 million. Billings are estimated in the range of $515-$535 million.
Non-GAAP earnings per share are anticipated in the band of 37-39 cents. The Zacks Consensus Estimate is pegged at 41 cents. Non-GAAP gross margin is expected in the range of 75.5% to 76.5%, whereas non-GAAP operating margin is anticipated between 18% and 18.5%.
The company expects strong adoption of its secure SD-WAN offerings, Security Fabric architecture, security processor unit, SPU, ASIC technology and the recently announced high performance FortiGate Next-Generation Firewalls E-series products over the next few years.
Fortinet currently carries a Zacks Rank #2 (Buy).
Some other top-ranked stocks in the broader Computer and Technology sector are Twitter, Inc. TWTR, and Xilinx, Inc. XLNX, each sporting a Zacks Rank #1 (Strong Buy). You can see the complete list of today's Zacks #1 Rank stocks here.
Long-term earnings growth for Twitter and Xilinx is projected to be 22.05% and 9.5%, respectively.


text:
Who Is Isabella Calthorpe? What You Need to Know About Prince William's Rumored Former Crush
By Kayleigh Roberts
David M. BenettGetty Images
Everyone has a past, even royals. While Prince William only has eyes for Kate Middleton now (and presumably forever more), there was reportedly a time, way back in 2004, when he harbored a crush on someone else.
That someone was Isabella Calthorpe (full name: Isabella Anstruther-Gough-Calthorpe), an objectively beautiful British heiress. Here's what you need to know about Will's former crush.
1. She comes from a very posh family.
Isabella is the daughter of banking heiress Lady Mary Gaye Curzon and John Anstruther-Gough-Calthorpe, (the son of Sir Richard Anstruther-Gough-Calthorpe, 2nd Baronet).
2. Her sister also has a connection to the royal family.
Isabella has several siblings, two full (her older sister Georgiana, who is an artist, and her younger brother Jacobi), and four half-siblings, one of whom happens to be actress Cressida Bonas. Cressida and Isabella have the same mother, the same blonde hair, and the same magnetic pull on the men of the royal family. Cressida famously dated Prince Harry from 2012 until 2014.
Karwai TangGetty Images
3. She's best friends with other royals.
In spite of Isabella's awkward history with the royal family (more on that below), she's still tight with the Windsor clan. She's close friends with Princess Beatrice and Princess Eugenie, both of whom attended her wedding in 2013.
4. She is married to Virgin heir Sam Branson.
In 2013, Isabella married Sam Branson, the son of business tycoon Sir Richard Branson, in South Africa.
5. She's a professional actress.
Jorge HerreraGetty Images
Isabella attended the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art from 2003 to 2005 and went on to become a successful stage and television actress in the United Kingdom. Her credits include Stage Beauty, How to Lose Friends & Alienate People, Trinity, and The Prisoner, among others.
6. Prince William (in)famously had a huge crush on her.
In spite of her family pedigree and impressive personal accomplishments, Isabella is most famous in many circles for catching the eye of Prince William in 2004. Royal expert Katie Nicholl wrote in her 2010 book William and Harry: Behind the Palace Walls that William visited the Anstruther-Gough-Calthorpe family home in Chelsea to see Isabella that summer and even contributed to Will and Kate's decision to take a trial break from their relationship at that time.
Will reportedly tried very hard to woo Isabella, but was unsuccessful. She turned him down.
"He had fallen for her in a huge way and wanted to be with her. He propositioned her several times that summer and although Isabella was single, she knocked William back and said it would be too damaging for her and her career," a royal source told the Daily Mail in 2007. "She is a name in her own right and on her way to becoming hugely successful. In her view, being affiliated with William in a girlfriend capacity would be damaging for her.
7. Kate Middleton reportedly felt threatened by her.
In William and Harry: Behind the Palace Walls, Nicholl revealed that Kate went so far as to ban Will from contacting Isabella after their 2004 break, writing: "It was obviously the break that William needed, and by Christmas they were back together again, although Kate had a condition. Word had reached her of William's visits to Isabella, and Kate insisted that William was not to contact her again.
HandoutGetty Images
In 2007, a royal source told a similar story to the Daily Mail saying, among other things:
"Isabella was very much on the scene that summer. I would go so far as to say that William dumped Kate because he thought he had a chance with Isabella and Kate knew that. Kate's a tough cookie, though, and stood aside and waited for William to come back to her which eventually he did. Before that, though, he did everything he could to woo Isabella."
"William was madly in love with her but when he knew there was no chance of them getting together he went back to Kate. Kate was very aware of his obsession with Isabella and she was incredibly threatened by her. Isabella is drop-dead beautiful and would leave any girl in the shade. Kate accepted William back again but on the condition that he would not speak to Isabella again."
8. She still attended the royal wedding in 2011 though.
Danny MartindaleGetty Images
After all that, Isabella was ultimately on the guest list for Will and Kate's royal wedding in 2011, so there seem to have been no hard feelings in the long-run.
Kayleigh Roberts Contributor Kayleigh Roberts is the weekend editor at Marie Claire, covering celebrity and entertainment news, from actual royals like Kate Middleton and Meghan Markle to Hollywood royalty, like Katie Holmes and Chrissy Teigen.
More From The Ultimate Guide to the Royal Family
A Look at Royal Family Portraits Through the Years
Kate Had a Big Regret About Her Engagement to Will
An Attack Dog Once Mistook Will for an Intruder
The Queen Is Still Prince Harry's Mentor
Harry Was Homesick for a While, But Is Happy Now
Meghan Wasn't Appreciated for Royal Contributions
Harry & Meghan Have Had a Painful Year Since Exit
The Queen's Hot Grandnephew Is a Thirst Trap
Watch Diana Play Impromptu Piano in Rare Clip
The Ultimate Guide to the Royal Family
Prince William Hurt Kate During Their Breakup
Kate Middleton Teases William About His Hair
What You Need to Know About French Wines
30 Things You Didn't Know About the Royal Wedding
Will's "Passionate" Pre-Kate Middleton Romance
What Prince William's Nickname for Charlotte Means


Ideas, Friendly Letter Format For Kids was posted March 21, 2018 at 9:34 am by breadandrosesfoodcoop.org . More over Friendly Letter Format For Kids has viewed by 3197 visitor.
Miscellaneous, Friendly Letter Format Heading was posted February 7, 2017 at 4:23 pm by breadandrosesfoodcoop.org . More over Friendly Letter Format Heading has viewed by 3146 visitor.
Ideas, Friendly Letter Format 2nd Grade was posted March 10, 2018 at 6:39 pm by breadandrosesfoodcoop.org . More over Friendly Letter Format 2nd Grade has viewed by 3205 visitor.
Ideas, Friendly Letter Format High School was posted January 15, 2017 at 5:53 am by breadandrosesfoodcoop.org . More over Friendly Letter Format High School has viewed by 4319 visitor.
Ideas, Friendly Letter Format For Middle School was posted December 27, 2017 at 5:36 am by breadandrosesfoodcoop.org . More over Friendly Letter Format For Middle School has viewed by 3219 visitor.
Ideas, Friendly Letter Writing Format was posted September 25, 2018 at 7:31 pm by breadandrosesfoodcoop.org . More over Friendly Letter Writing Format has viewed by 4437 visitor.
Ideas, Friendly Letter Format Pdf was posted June 9, 2017 at 5:15 am by breadandrosesfoodcoop.org . More over Friendly Letter Format Pdf has viewed by 3097 visitor.
Ideas, Friendly Letter Format Printable was posted August 23, 2017 at 3:54 pm by breadandrosesfoodcoop.org . More over Friendly Letter Format Printable has viewed by 3389 visitor.
Ideas, Friendly Letter Format was posted August 12, 2017 at 3:19 pm by breadandrosesfoodcoop.org . More over Friendly Letter Format has viewed by 3142 visitor.
Miscellaneous, Informal Friendly Letter Format was posted September 4, 2018 at 8:53 am by breadandrosesfoodcoop.org . More over Informal Friendly Letter Format has viewed by 6140 visitor.


Computational law is a branch of legal informatics concerned with the mechanization of legal reasoning (whether done by humans or by computers).  It emphasizes explicit behavioral constraints and eschews implicit rules of conduct. Importantly, there is a commitment to a level of rigor in specifying laws that is sufficient to support entirely mechanical processing.
Philosophically, computational law sits within the Legal Formalist School of Jurisprudence . Given its emphasis on rigorously specified laws, computational law is most applicable in civil law , where laws are taken more or less literally. It is less applicable to legal systems based on common law , which provides more scope for unspecified normative considerations. However, even in common law systems, computational law still has relevance in the case of categorical statutes and where the handling of cases has been de facto rules.
From a pragmatic perspective, a computational law is capable of doing useful legal calculations, such as compliance checking, legal planning, regulatory analysis, and so forth. Some systems of this spell already exist.  TurboTaxis a good example. And the potential is particularly significant in recent years – including the prevalence of the Internet in human interaction and the proliferation of embedded computer systems (such as smart phones , self-driving cars , and robots ).
Abstract: Compulsive science in the field of computational science and research in the field of computer science.  Further, AI and law and computational law do not seem to be easily separable. The forms that are speculated in a different way. This history will be sketch them as they were, attempting to show where they can be found.
Nonetheless, progress on the second type of machine, one that would more fully automate the law, while remaining relatively inert.  Research into machines that could answer questions in the way that Mehl's consultation machine would pick up somewhat in the late 1970s and 1980s. A 1979 convention in Swansea , Wales marked the first international effort to make the most of artificial intelligence in the world.   That said, little substantial progress seems to have been made in the following decade of the 1980s.  In a 1988 review of Anne Gardner's bookAn Artificial Intelligence Approach to Legal Reasoning (1987), the Harvard academic scholarly legal scholar and scientist Edwina Rissland wrote that "She plays, in part, the role of pioneer, artificial intelligence (" AI ") techniques have not yet been widely applied to Gardner, and this review, first describe and define the field, then demonstrate a working model in the field of contract and acceptance.  Eight years after the Swansea conference had passed, and still existed, and still existed as "pioneer [s]".
There have been many attempts to create a machine readable or machine executable legal code . A machine readable code would simplify the analysis of legal code, allowing the rapid construction and analysis of databases, without the need for advanced text processing techniques. A machine executable format would allow the specifics of a case to be input, and would return the decision based on the case.
Legal executable machine code is much less common. Notable among current efforts is the Hammurabi Project,  an attempt to rewrite parts of the United States legal code in such a way that a law can take facts as input and return decisions. The Hammurabi Project currently focuses on the following aspects of this type of specification, such as tax or immigration laws , in the long-term the developers of the Hammurabi Project plan to include as many laws as possible.
Visualization of legal code, and of the relations between various laws and decisions, is also a hot topic in computational law. Visualizations allow both professionals and the type to see large-scale relationships and patterns, which may be difficult to see by standard legal analysis or empirical analysis.
They are analyzed empirically as sub-sections of the network that are represented visually as a result.  However, there are still many technical problems in network visualization . The density of connections between nodes, and the sheer number of nodes in some cases, can make the visualization incomprehensible to humans. There are a variety of methods that can be used to describe the relationship between the two groups, and the relationship between these two groups, rather than between each node. This allows the visualization to be readable, but the reduction in complexity can obscure relationships. Despite this limitation, visualization of legal quotation networks remains a popular field and practice.
Creative Commons , which corresponds to custom-generated copyright licenses for internet content.
Legal Analytics, which combines big data, critical expertise, and intuitive tools to deliver business intelligence and benchmarking solutions.
Jump up^ Genesereth, Michael. "Computational Law – The Cop in the Backseat" .
Jump up^ Lawbots.info. Np, nd Web. 16 June 2017. <https://www.lawbots.info/>.
Jump up^ 18 Rocky Mntn. L. Rev. 378 (1945-1946) Does the Law Need a Technological Revolution; Kelso, Louis O.
Jump up^ Loevinger, Lee. "Jurimetrics: The methodology of legal inquiry." Law and Contemporary Problems(1963): 5-35. At 8.
Jump up^ "About Jurimetrics." About the Journal. American Bar Association Section of Science and Technology Law and the Center for Law, Science & Innovation, nd Web. Apr. 26 2014. <http://www.law.asu.edu/jurimetrics/JurimetricsJournal/AbouttheJournal.aspx>.
^ Jump up to:a b Ibid.
Jump up^ Mechanization of Thought Processes: Proceedings of a Held Symposium at the National Physical Laboratory on 24th, 25th, 26th and 27th November 1958. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1959. Print.
Jump up^ Niblett, Bryan. Computer Science and the Law: Inaugural Lecture of the Computer Science Professor Delivered at the College on January 25, 1977. Swansea, Wales: U College of Swansea, 1977. 7-8. Print.
Jump up^ "Automation in the Legal World." Mechanization of Thought Processes: Proceedings of a Symposium Held at the National Physical Laboratory on 24th, 25th, 26th and 27th November 1958. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1959. 755-87. Print. At 759.
Jump up^ "Automation in the Legal World." Mechanization of Thought Processes: Proceedings of a Symposium Held at the National Physical Laboratory on 24th, 25th, 26th and 27th November 1958. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1959. 755-87. Print. At 768-769.
Jump up^ Some Speculation about Artificial Intelligence and Legal Reasoning Bruce G. Buchanan and Thomas E. Headrick,Stanford Law Review, Vol. 23, No. 1 (Nov. 1970), pp. 40-62. At p. 40.
Jump up^ Some Speculation about Artificial Intelligence and Legal Reasoning Bruce G. Buchanan and Thomas E. HeadrickStanford Law Review, Vol. 23, No. 1 (Nov. 1970), pp. 40-62. At p. 51-60.
Jump up^ Niblett, Bryan. Computer Science and Law. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1980. 7-8. Print.
Jump up^ See, eg, L. Thorne McCarty,Reflections on Taxman: An Experiment in Artificial Intelligence and Legal Reasoning,90 Harv. L. Rev. 837-895 (1977).
Jump up^ Supra, Niblett, p. 7-8.
Jump up^ B. Niblett, editor. Computer Science and Law: An Advanced Course. Cambridge University Press, 1980. This volume is a record of the proceedings of a workshop held at the University College of Swansea, Wales, September 17-27, 1979.
Jump up^ McCarty, L. Thorne. "Artificial Intelligence and Law: How to get there from here." Ratio Juris3.2 (1990): 189-200. At 189.
Jump up^ Though this is questionable. For an argument supporting, see McCarty, L. Thorne. "Artificial Intelligence and Law: How to get there from here." Ratio Juris3.2 (1990): 189-200.
Jump up^ Rissland, Edwina. "Artificial Intelligence and Legal Reasoning: A Discussion of the Field and Gardner's Book." AI Magazine9.3 (1988): 45.
Jump up^ Rissland, EL, Ashley, KD, & Loui, RP (2003). AI and Law: A fruitful synergy. Artificial Intelligence, 150 (1-2), 1-15.
Jump up^ Bench-Capon, Trevor, Michał Araszkiewicz, Kevin Ashley, Katie Atkinson, Bex Floris, Filipe Borges, Daniele Bourcier et al. "A history of AI and Law in 50 papers: 25 years of the international conference on AI and Law." Artificial Intelligence and Law 20, no. 3 (2012): 215-319.
Jump up^ See "International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law (ICAIL)." International Conference on AI and Law (ICAIL). The DBLP Computer Science Bibliography, nd Web. 24 Apr. 2014. <http://www.informatik.uni-trier.de/~LEY/db/conf/icail/index.html>. The quote includes all past conferences and links to their contents. It appears that during the 1990s the number of papers presented, talks given, etc. 1987 and 1989, respectively.
Jump up^ See, eg, this syllabus from Stanford for CS 204 Computers and Law. Genesereth, Michael R. "CS 204: Computers and Law." CS204: Computers and Law. Stanford University, nd Web. 23 Apr. 2014. <http://logic.stanford.edu/classes/cs204/>.
Jump up^ "The Future of Innovation Law School (Conference @ColoradoLaw)." Computational Legal Studies. Np, nd Web. Apr. 18 2014. < http://computationallegalstudies.com/2014/04/17/the-future-of-law-school-innovation-conference-coloradolaw/ >.
Jump up^ Wolfram, Stephen. "Talking about the Computational Future at SXSW 2013-Stephen Wolfram Blog." Stephen Wolfram Blog RSS. Np, Mar. 19, 2013. Web. Apr. 17 2014. <http://blog.stephenwolfram.com/2013/03/talking-about-the-computational-future-at-sxsw-2013/>.
Jump up^ "University of Amsterdam Digital Academic Repository" .
Jump up^ The White House. Office of the Press Secretary. Executive Order – Making Open and Read the New Default for Government Information. Np, 09 May 2013. Web.
Jump up^ "The Hammurabi Project" .
^ Jump up to:a b c Fowler, JH, Johnson TR, JF Spriggs, S. Jeon, and PJ Wahlbeck. "Network Analysis and the Law: Measuring the Legal Importance of Precedents at the US Supreme Court." Political Analysis 15.3 (2006): 324-46. Print.
^ Jump up to:a b Bommarito, Michael J., and Daniel Katz. "A Mathematical Approach to the Study of the United States Code." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications 389.19 (2010): 4195-200. Print.
Jump up^ Bommarito, Michael J., Daniel Martin Katz, Jonathan L. Zelner, and James H. Fowler. "Distance Measures for Dynamic Citation Networks." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications389.19 (2010): 4201-208. Print.
^ Jump up to:a b c Fowler, James H., and Sangick Jeon. "The Authority of Supreme Court Precedent." Social Networks 30.1 (2008): 16-30. Print.
^ Jump up to:a b Bommarito, Michael J. "Empirical Survey of the Population of US Tax Court Written Decisions, An." Go. Tax Rev. 30 (2010): 523.
Jump up^ Shneiderman, Ben, and Aleks Aris. "Network Visualization by Semantic Substrates." IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics12.5 (2006): 733-40. Print.
Jump up^ "Legal XML" .
Jump up^ Katz, Author Daniel Martin (4 May 2010). "Visualizing Temporal Patterns in the United States Supreme Court's Network of Citations" .
Jump up^ Starger, Colin P. (30 June 2012). "A Visual Guide to NFIB v. Sebelius: Competing Trade Clause Opinion Lines 1789-2012". SSRN 2097161  – via papers.ssrn.com.
Jump up^ Starger, Colin P. (16 April 2012). "Expanding Stare Decisis: The Role of Precedent in the Unfolding Dialectic of Brady v. Maryland". SSRN 2040881  – via papers.ssrn.com.


Searching for MILWAUKEE Annular Cutters and Sets? Grainger's got your back. Easy ordering & convenient delivery. Log-in or register for your pricing.
The Milwaukee 6-Piece Annular Cutter Kit is a perfect choice to use with small magnetic drill presses and large magnetic drill presses with correct arbor. It features proprietary steel to reduce breakage and long lasting life.
Get Milwaukee Tools' Steel Hawg Cutters from Ohio Power Tool today.
You want to ensure you have the right tools for the job, so shop Toolbarn's collection of Milwaukee annular cutters at prices every budget conscious consumer will love.
Ohio Power Tool carries annular cutters, metal hole saws, and metal hole saw kits from brands like Bosch, CS Unitec, Hougen, and Milwaukee.Every product carries with it its own unique set of features.
Largest Distributor of annular cutters and magnetic drills.
MILWAUKEE Annular Cutter 1-3/4" HSS 2" DEPTH Part # 49-59-2175. by Milwaukee. $154.99 $ 154 99 $215.50 Prime. ... carbide tipped Steel Hawg Annular Cutter.
With dual alternating tooth geometry and thin-wall construction, Milwaukee's durable annular cutters cut up to 15% faster than the competition.
Looking for MILWAUKEE 9/16" X 1/2" Carbide Annular Cutter, Three-Flat Drive, 1/2" Shank Dia. (48Z627)? Grainger's got your back. Price:$79.00. Easy ordering & convenient delivery.
Milwaukee Annular Cutter and Cutter Accessories are perfect for cutting holes in metal tubing and piping. Shop our great selection at Tools Plus.


This volume is part of the definitive edition of letters written by and to Charles Darwin, the most celebrated naturalist of the nineteenth century. Notes and appendixes put these fascinating and wide-ranging letters in context, making the letters accessible to both scholars and general readers. Darwin depended on correspondence to collect data from all over the world and to discuss his emerging ideas with scientific colleagues, many of whom he never met in person. The letters are published chronologically: volume 20 includes letters from 1872, the year in which The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals was published, making ground-breaking use of photography. Also in this year, the sixth and final edition of On the Origin of Species was published and Darwin resumed his work on carnivorous plants and plant movement, finding unexpected similarities between the plant and animal kingdoms.
IV. Presentation lists for Origin 6th ed.
Frederick Burkhardt (1912–2007), the founder of the Darwin Correspondence Project, was president of Bennington College, Vermont, 1947–57 and president of the American Council of Learned Societies, 1957–74. Before founding the Darwin Correspondence Project in 1974, he was already at work on an edition of the papers of the philosopher William James. He received the Modern Language Association of America's first Morton N. Cohen Award for a Distinguished Edition of Letters in 1991, the Founder's Medal of the Society for the History of Natural History in 1997, the Thomas Jefferson Gold Medal of the American Philosophical Society in 2003 and a special citation for outstanding service to the history of science from the History of Science Society in 2005.


Today's show is with my lovely lady (and now a bestselling app author), Alyson Bridge.
We just launched Gluten-Free Desserts featuring Alyson's delicious fat-burning treats, which debuted as the #1 Gluten-Free App in the world! Grab it below.
Caveman Feast, our bestselling Paleo Recipe app for Android is finally here! It's top 10 in the world overall in Health on Google Play and top 3 in Cooking on Amazon – check it out below!
Amazingly, BOTH apps are Top 5 bestsellers in iTunes at the same time! Thanks for all for your generous reviews, and let us know what you think of the recipes.
"Cooking should be a meditative experience" – Alyson Bridge *Click to Tweet!
Want to stay up to date and get free fat-burning goodies? Sign up below and I'll send you a free ebook!
What holiday treats are you making this season? Share in the comments below!
Fantastic talk from both of you! Alyson and Abel you both have SUCH amazing on camera chemistry and things flow so easily! One thing I wish would have been discussed a tiny bit more is how you guys are healing your leaky guts and what things in the foods you are tested for are giving you the problems and sensitivities :)! Thanks so much for this awesome podcast though!
Good podcast, I think a lot of women need to hear what Alyson was saying about being strong vs being skinny. You guys made reference to kits to test which foods were causing inflammation (Alyson was going to re-test chocolate). Can you share some good kits to try?
I really enjoyed the discussion about how "paleo" and "gluten free" meal choices are being individualized by people. I want to point out that it is informed decisions that allow individuals to take a standardized set of guidelines and transform them into something that is compatable and sustainable with the life they choose to lead. And it is thanks to shows like yours that educate that facilitate these informed decisions! Keep up the great work!!
Always enjoy your show. You and Alyson always look so healthy. Are the Brown Rice Flour, Almond Flour and Coconut Flour available at most Heath Food Stores?
Thank you for the kind words, Sarah! Haha, I love your honesty. Working on some cooking videos, so hopefully we'll have those out to you soon. 🙂 Happy new year!
Great show! What must one do to get her hands on a "food sensitivity kit?" This is intriguing.
Loved the show! Would love to hear more from Alyson about how her diet differs from yours and any adjustments she makes for women living this lifestyle compared to a man. Thanks for the great podcasts!
In the 50 Gluten Free Desserts e-book you suggest substituting xylitol (from birch trees) for sugar. Is that a one-for-one substitution? Can you recommend where to find it and which brand? Thanks!
Awesome video! You two are so great together. Thanks for all the info packed into one video. Love it!