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Home Latest News Technology is key to unleash Africa's economic potential
Technology is key to unleash Africa's economic potential
News Drummer
Paul Emeka Chimodo
Economy players in Africa are of the opinion that for the continent to continue the pace of progress, technology must be brought to center stage.
Despite limited resources and harsh environments Startups have beaten the odds and proved they could thrive in the continent. Excellent examples showing the promise that entrepreneurship and technological development offer to both strengthen the economy and serve the needs of their populations.
Many countries are well on their way to making ICT a core component of their long-term growth strategies by Channeling technological innovation to strengthen a wider economy which has been tried and tested and have proven to be a way to simultaneously boost growth while strengthening the foundation for future success
Infrastructure as a priority
Few Governments across Africa are operating with the clear understanding that technology is a critical channel to economic growth and that continuing the development of our ICT sector should remain high on the agenda. Many still priorities analogue processes over digital choices.
Cities like Lagos, Kigali, and others looking to become "smart" will need to give service providers the ability to be accessible to their users at all times. Rwanda has already made internet access a priority throughout the country and soon will introduce wi-fi to public places in major cities. A small investment in connectivity offers service providers the ability to engage with customers on a level that competes with international cities.
The rise in tech hubs across Africa – right now there are more than 65 – is part of a strategy to give young software developers and recent graduates in science and engineering the training and skills they need. Tech entrepreneurs at these hubs now have a place to develop their product and receive guidance from experienced mentors. Without strong infrastructure, which only the government can provide, the sector will never reach its full potential.
ICT across sectors
The benefits of technology can be felt far beyond high-tech industries. ICT developed at one of the many African tech hubs can be used to meet people's needs everywhere. From mobile payment systems like M-Pesa, which many suggest has overtaken the West in terms of ubiquity and ease of use, to the world's first drone port, African nations are certainly aware that technology outside the tech scene is exactly what governments can and should foster.
The technology that is solving a problem also contributes to the economy by providing jobs and injecting cash into outdated systems. More widely, it can revolutionize the way African populations engage with everything from healthcare to banking, transportation and more.
International investment
Friendly business policies and tax incentives are being used by some governments to great effect and these activities are helping to change perceptions and unlock new opportunities but more has to be done by Other countries in Africa if it to attract more investment.
Rwanda's system is structured to enable anyone to establish a new business in just three hours and flexible visa policies have allowed Kigali to become a hub for regional entrepreneurs. This type of action helps create a win-win scenario where the local economy and foreign investors can benefit equally and substantially.
ICT investment opportunities are very rich, and span from major innovations in mobile connectivity to hardware development. Top research universities in the West are establishing degree-granting programmes in Africa, and major companies such as Microsoft and Intel have invested in Africa's potential with a range of new schemes.
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Marco Oetken (* 1967) ist deutscher Chemiedidaktiker und Hochschullehrer.

Leben
Seit 1989 studierte Oetken Chemie und Biologie für das Lehramt an Gymnasien an der Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg. Nach dem 1. Staatsexamen (1994) folgte 1997 die Promotion zum Dr. rer. nat. im Fachbereich Chemie der Universität Oldenburg. Sein Doktorvater war Walter Jansen. Seit 1997 war Oetken Lehrbeauftragter für Didaktik der Chemie an der Universität Oldenburg und Habilitand. Parallel legte er die 2. Staatexamensprüfung für das Lehramt an Gymnasien in Wilhelmshaven ab. 2001 habilitierte er sich an der Universität Oldenburg. 2002 folgte er einem Ruf auf eine C2-Hochschuldozentur an die Pädagogische Hochschule Weingarten. Seit 2004 war er C3-Professur für Chemie und ihre Didaktik an der Pädagogischen Hochschule Freiburg. Rufe auf angesehene Professuren an der Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, der Universität Oldenburg und der Universität Münster lehnte er ab und ist seit 2012 W3-Professur für Didaktik der Chemie an der Pädagogischen Hochschule Freiburg.

Weitere Tätigkeiten
 Seit 2016 verantwortlicher Redakteur der Zeitschrift Chemie konkret – CHEMKON, Forum für Unterricht und Didaktik; Wiley-VCH
 Seit 2016 Kuratoriumsmitglied der GDCh-Zeitschrift "Nachrichten aus der Chemie"
 Seit 2016 stellvertretender Vorsitzender der Fachgruppe Chemieunterricht der GDCh (Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker)
 Seit 2009: Schriftenleiter der Zeitschrift Praxis der Naturwissenschaften – Chemie in der Schule; Aulis Verlag Deubner
 Seit 2008: Herausgeber der Zeitschrift Chemie konkret – CHEMKON, Forum für Unterricht und Didaktik; Wiley-VCH
 Seit 2008: Herausgeber der Zeitschrift Praxis der Naturwissenschaften – Chemie in der Schule; Aulis Verlag Deubner

 Seit 2018 ist er einer von drei Chefredakteuren der Zeitschrift Chemkon.

Auszeichnungen

 1999 erhielt Oetken den zusammen mit Matthias Ducci den Manfred und Wolfgang Flad-Preis.
 Im Rahmen des Wissenschaftsforums Chemie 2017 (WiFo) in Berlin erhielt er am 12. September den Heinz-Schmidkunz-Preis.

 Literaturpreise 2018 für besonders herausragende Fachartikel in Chemie & Schule (Österreich).

Schriften
 Oszillierende Reaktionen in elektrochemischen Systemen als Beispiel strukturbildender Prozesse. Selbstverlag, Oldenburg 1997 (Dissertation, Universität Oldenburg, 1997).
 mit Matthias Ducci: Nerven wie Drahtseile. Elektrochemische Modellexperimente zur Simulation der Erregungsleitung in Nervenfasern. Aulis, Köln 2007.
 mit Jens Friedrich: Chemie unterrichten. Neue Aufgabenkultur – eine anregende Beispielsammlung. Sekundarstufe I und II. Weka, Kissing 2007.

Weblinks
 Marco Oetken auf der Website der Pädagogischen Hochschule Freiburg

Einzelnachweise

Chemiedidaktiker
Pädagoge (21. Jahrhundert)
Pädagoge (20. Jahrhundert)
Chemiker (21. Jahrhundert)
Chemiker (20. Jahrhundert)
Hochschullehrer (Pädagogische Hochschule Freiburg)
Deutscher
Geboren 1967
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


THE spring sun is trying its best to shine upon Portobello beach and it's almost warm enough to take off your coat. The promise of late afternoon warmth has brought out the locals and ice cream shops along the promenade are doing a roaring trade while hardy kids, still in school uniform, chase each other in and out of the surf, unperturbed by the freezing waters of the Firth of Forth.
As the buzz of walkers, families, joggers and cyclists grows, you get a feel for how important this stretch of caramel sand just outside Edinburgh is to the people who live here, the part it plays in the story of Portobello.
Playwright David Greig says that he currently spends an inordinate amount of time thinking about the significance of beaches as he works on one of most keenly anticipated pieces of homegrown theatre in years.
Greig and filmmaker Bill Forsyth are adapting the latter's renowned 1983 film Local Hero for the stage as a musical, and a beach had the starring role in the original alongside Burt Lancaster, Fulton Mackay, Peter Riegert and Denis Lawson, bringing a sense of magic and even mysticism to this strange and beautiful tale of a Texan oilman's journey of discovery after he is sent to buy a Scottish village earmarked for development as an oil refinery.
In the movie, Pennan in Aberdeenshire stands in for the fictional village of Ferness, its red telephone box becoming a tourist attraction in its own right, while the beach was memorably played by the glorious white sands of Camusdarach, near Morar, some 180 miles west. One memorable scene near the end of the film features Lancaster and Mackay discussing the meaning of life on the sand, as the clear blue west coast waters lap in the background.
Re-imagining a beach for the theatre was always going to be challenging, never more so than when it's a vital and enigmatic element in an adaptation of arguably the best-loved Scottish film of all time. No pressure, then. But Greig, writer, director and now artistic director of the Royal Lyceum theatre in Edinburgh, has experience of adapting the "impossible" – his 2015 version of Alasdair Gray's novel Lanark was a revelation – and he is quietly confident that he and Glasgow-born Forsyth will find a way to pull it off.
"One of the things that is so elusively brilliant about Local Hero is that it's got a spiritual side to it, a slightly transcendental sense," he explains. "The character of Ben the beachcomber [played in the film by Mackay] raises so many questions. Who is he? Has he been on that beach forever?
Crucially, wonderfully, the music Greig refers to is being provided by Mark Knopfler, the former Dire Straits frontman who composed the evocative folk-tinged soundtrack that helped make the film become such an international hit, especially in the US. Knopfler is writing new songs to accompany and enhance his original score, with the show receiving its world premiere at the Lyceum in spring next year, before transferring to London's Old Vic.
It was announced this week, meanwhile, that the production will be directed by Irishman John Crowley, the Oscar-nominated director of the films Brooklyn and Boy A, whose theatre work – which includes The Present, starring Cate Blanchett, and Martin McDonagh's The Pillowman – has taken the West End and Broadway by storm.
You get the feeling Greig, 50, a Scot who grew up watching Local Hero and Gregory's Girl, Forsyth's endlessly charming 1981 cult classic about teenage love in Cumbernauld, still can't quite believe he's assembled such a dream team.
"Mark has conquered every musical field but he's particularly interested in folk music, Americana and country, and producing a suite of songs for these characters piqued his interest," says the playwright, whose previous work includes Dunsinane, The Events, Midsummer and the book for the West End and Broadway versions of Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. "He's not a composer in a Broadway style. But productions like the Bob Dylan musical Girl From the North Country and Hamilton have really opened up the musical theatre palette to other tones and textures.
As for working with Forsyth, Greig says the collaboration has offered new creative experiences for both of them.
"Bill is a filmmaker, director and writer so there's a bit of a language barrier that we had to overcome," he explains. "He had to get his head round theatre and I had to get my head round how you talk to someone whose storytelling medium is cinema. That took a bit of time.
"It made me think about what's important. What does someone who has bought a ticket for Local Hero really want to see? I think it's Bill Forsyth-ness. That's the thing I grew up with.
"Sometimes the lines he writes are quite odd but they have that certain 'thing'. It's like hearing a singer you like – you can instantly recognise it.
Greig also believes contemporary audiences will find new and varied resonances in the story, 35 years after the film was released to critical acclaim on both sides of the Atlantic.
"You can see Local Hero as being about Menie beach and Donald Trump – a billionaire buying up a chunk of Scotland – environmentalism and oil, community and capitalism," says the Fife-based writer. "But it's also a love story about a man who falls in love with a couple, which is very unusual. He totally falls for their life.
There a certain pressure on the production to deliver, he says, especially for the home crowd. But he and the team are embracing the chance to create something new than just repackaging an old favourite.
"The notion of birthing Local Hero at the Lyceum felt very fortuitous because it gave us the chance to make something on an intimate scale for a home audience," he says. "If we can make it so that the audience in Scotland likes it, then it will have integrity.
"If we make something that is truly beautiful, moving, delicate and joyful on its own terms, a sister to the film rather than riding on the coat tails, it will be really worthwhile.
Local Hero is the centrepiece of an exciting and intriguing new season at the Lyceum, Greig's third as creative director. Other highlights include the late Glasgow-born poet Edwin Morgan's Scots version of classic love story Cyrano de Bergerac, a production of Shakespeare's Twelfth Night set amid the psychedelia of the 1960s, and for Christmas 2018, a new re-telling of Peter Pan.
Elsewhere, another film adaptation, this time a theatrical re-imagining of Touching the Void, written by Greig, will explore Joe Simpson's extraordinary tale of human survival in the Andes, and award-winning Edinburgh-based playwright Zinnie Harris will continue her female-focused examination of the canon with a new version of Jacobean revenge tragedy The Duchess Of Malfi.
Greig has never been one to shy away from confronting the political, either with a big or small "p" (he was a vocal supporter of independence during the 2014 referendum) but he says the current climate of division and uncertainty made him keen to focus on universal stories.
"The season we're coming to an end of now was quite political and had an edge of questioning. This year I felt we needed a coming together with what I'd call 'campfire' tales – stories that bring everybody to the theatre, like Local Hero, Cyrano de Bergerac and Touching the Void. All of these are stories you could tell round a campfire, that everyone from the teenager to grandad would enjoy.
Like much of the creative community in Scotland and elsewhere in the UK, Greig has spoken out against Brexit and the negative impact he believes it is having across many sectors of society, including the arts.
"Over the last 30 to 40 years, Scotland has benefitted from its sense of European-ness," he says. "I've made work in Spain, Greece, the Czech Republic and my work has been put on in many European countries. When I took over the Lyceum I wanted our theatre to be on the European map, to make work with European directors and have it travel. There's no question that it's more difficult now. We're going in the wrong direction.
"You cannot underestimate how precarious it is being a young artist or theatre maker in Scotland right now. It's a borderline terrible place to be – austerity and local authority cuts have really bitten.
"The act of remaining in Scotland to make your work has always been a bit of a statement of faith in your country. If you're about practical success, you'll go to London, New York or Paris as so many Scots have done in past. That's a great thing, of course – we should travel and do different things. But having an indigenous community of makers who live in Scotland is also a brilliant thing. We've managed to have that in the last 30 years, partly because of that sense of connection, that feeling of being just as plugged in as we would be if we lived in Copenhagen or Berlin.
Back at Portobello beach, all this talk of culture, division, meaning and value has got me thinking of Local Hero again. I wish we could bump into a Ben the beachcomber type character, someone enigmatic and wise who could help us put current events into perspective round the campfire. By 7pm the evening sun has finally broken through and the scene is bathed in shimmering light. Sadly, we haven't found our Ben, but there is a certain Forsyth-ness in the air all the same.
In many people's eyes this 1981 classic rivals Local Hero as Forsyth's best film. At turns funny, adorable and odd, it follows the travails of unrequited teenage love as Gregory (John Gordon Sinclair) falls for footballing sensation Dorothy (Dee Hepburn) but ends up catching the eye of Susan, played by Clare Grogan. Famously features a scene where Gregory shows Susan how not to fall off the side of the world while dancing. Cumbernauld has never looked so romantic.
Also starring a young John Gordon Sinclair and made for £2000, this 1979 film was the cheapest movie ever to get a cinematic release. Centring on four bored, skint Glasgow teenagers who get into trouble while selling kitchen sinks, it showed Forsyth's mastery of surreal humour on a shoestring budget. It also features a cameo by arts impresario Richard Demarco.
Starring Bill Paterson as a frustrated DJ whose life goes off the rails after his girlfriend leaves him, this 1984 film is funny and bizarre in equal measures. Kleptomania, a rabbit and a turf war between rival families all find a place in this gem, set in Glasgow just days before Christmas. Ricky Fulton, Alex Norton and Clare Grogan all turn up in this one.
This 1994 comedy drama stars Robin Williams, John Turturro and Bill Nighy in Forsyth's exploration of the experience of a single human soul through the ages. A flop on its release, it divides both the critics and Forsyth aficiondos.
Picking up Gregory's story in 1999, John Gordon Sinclair returned as the eponymous, still awkward and unlucky-in-love hero, now a teacher at his old school in Cumbernauld. Warm and thoroughly watchable.


I am currently a DPhil student at the Oxford department of statistics, and a member of the Oxford Warwick Statistics Programme (OxWaSP).
I'm doing research in the area of statistical genetics; in particular my research concerns the development of improved inference algorithms for coalescent-based models. I find it to be a fascinating area of research since it ties together ideas from stochastic processes, population genetics, combinatorics, and modern statistics. This research is in collaboration with (and supervised by) Professors Jotun Hein and Paul Jenkins.
Beyond its application within my own research I am interested in statistics and probability theory, and in particular in the intersection between probability and functional analysis. Combinatorics (in particular analytic combinatorics) also interests me a great deal.
On the softer side of things, I have an interest in mathematical history (and the history of statistics) as well as the question of how to communicate statistical and probabilistic concepts and arguments to non-expert audiences.
Beyond this, I am a member of and contributor to both the classic papers reading group and the humanities book club.
Book review: Phylogeny: Discrete and Random Processes in Evolution by Mike Steel. Published in SIAM Review vol. 59 issue 2 (June 2017), pages 450-458.
The slides for a talk on my research given at the University of Warwick statistics department's Young Researchers Meeting on 3 Nov 2015 are available here.
I presented a poster on some of my research at ProbGen16 in September 2016. It is available here.
A poster on counting how many different sequences of events can produce a specific set of genetic sequences at the leaves of a coalescent-tree (under an infintie sites model of mutation) is available here. These results were intially presented at ProbGen17 in Aarhus Denmark in September 2017.
I have co-written a book review of Phylogeny: Discrete and Random Processes in Evolution By Mike Steel (published 2016). The review is available on the SIAM News blog in three parts: (part I, part II, part III). It is an edited version of an earlier (and more detailed) review of the same book which we have made available here.
As part of our Classic Papers reading group I wrote a summary of Rivest, Shamir, and Alderman (1978) (the original RSA-paper) which I think turned out rather well.


Managing Partner, Tailwind Capital, a private investment firm, since 2006. Senior Advisor to Soros Private Funds Management from 2003 to 2006. President of Soros Private Funds Management from 2000 to 2003. Managing Director of Soros Funds Management from 1998 to 2000. Mr. Sica is also a Director of CSG Systems International, an account management and billing software company for communication industries, JetBlue Airways Corporation, a commercial airline, and NorthStar Realty Finance Corporation, a real estate finance company.
He received an M.B.A. degree from the Amos Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth College in 1979 and a B.A. degree in Biology from Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut in 1973. He holds a Bachelor's degree in Architecture from the University of Virginia.


And you're so cynical, Narcissistic Cannibal!
Got to bring myself back from the dead!
Can you feel it in the air?
Oh Billy, why you got that gun?
Try to see it once my way.
Flying, not yet quite the notion.
If I would, could you?
Happy Birthday Grammy! If you were still here, you would be 111 years old. Yup, my Grammy loved him! She listened to him a lot. She said he could sing a love song better than anyone else (However, Please Release Me is not a love song, but the other way around). She loved his voice and said he was also nice on the eyes! So here is to my Grammy.


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While commercial trucks serve as a vital part to the economy, they also account for an unfortunate large amount of accidents resulting from driver negligence. Luckily for us, not just anyone can jump into a tractor-trailer and drive it down the roads of Florida. Operators of commercial vehicles, such as tractor-trailers must obtain a commercial driver's license (CDL) before they may begin driving. In order to obtain a CDL, a driver must first possess a non-CDL license, apply for a commercial learner's permit (CLP), pass a vision test, and pass a skills test. The skills test includes aspects such as vehicle inspection, basic controls, and a commercial driving road test.
While commercial vehicle operators are held to similar standards as operators of regular motor vehicles, there are some additional precautions they must take before and during the operation of these vehicles. For example, they must inspect their vehicle to ensure they are in a proper operating condition, they must not operate their vehicle with a blood alcohol concentration of 0.04 or greater, and they may not operate their vehicle for more than 14 consecutive hours.
Unfortunately, even these extra precautions cannot prevent all operators of commercial vehicles from driving their vehicles negligently. In 2014, there were over 2,000 commercial vehicle-related accidents in Hillsborough County alone. Due to the sheer size of these vehicles, it is no shock that these accidents can have a devastating effect on the injured person's life. Injuries that can result from commercial vehicle related injuries can be, but are not limited to, spinal injuries, traumatic brain injuries, or even death.
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If you are the victim of an automobile accident caused by one of these acts of negligence, you may be wondering who is going to be responsible for your injuries. Typically, there are a number of parties that may be responsible. The most common parties will be: the insurance company for the commercial vehicle, the owner of the commercial vehicle, the operator's employer, and the operator himself.
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Dennis started practicing law at just 24 years old. He obtained his undergraduate degree from Duke University and continued on to earn law degrees from Florida State University College of Law and Harvard Law School. Blessed with multiple associations, memberships and awards, Dennis graduated from the Trial Lawyers College. Mr. Hernandez is one of only 1,378 attorneys who claim this distinction.  In 1996, he founded firm Dennis Hernandez & Associates, P.A., which concentrates in the areas of personal injury, medical malpractice and product liability.
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March 4, 2021 March 4, 2021 / Hugh Coyle	/ 1 Comment
For over a century, biographers of both Alfred Nobel and Bertha von Suttner have searched far and wide for the initial catalyst that drew them together: his newspaper advertisement in a Viennese newspaper for a secretary/housekeeper at his home in Paris. The only available clue for historians was Bertha's account of the job posting in her memoirs: "A very wealthy, cultured, elderly gentleman, living in Paris, desires to find a lady also of mature years, familiar with languages, as secretary and manager of his household."
At the time of the advertisement's publication, Bertha's secret affair with Artur Suttner, the son of her employer, had just been discovered by his disapproving parents. Having been asked to relinquish her position as governess to Arthur's younger sisters, the job posting provided a rare opportunity for a woman of her talents. It would also keep Bertha and Artur far apart, which would have pleased his parents immensely.
A few years ago, I sat down for coffee at the Nobelmuseet in Stockholm with curator Ulf Larsson, whose fascinating book Alfred Nobel: Networks of Innovation provides a wealth of information and images from an exhibit of the same name. When I asked him about the sought-after advertisement, he replied that someone might have found it after all, but that it remained both unverified and inconclusive. Most scholars agreed that it had probably appeared in the Neue Freie Presse, but searches through that paper's archives (my own included) had turned up nothing. Having unsuccessfully chased down many such ambiguous leads during my own research, I moved on to other topics.
My recent conversations with peace studies scholar Peter van den Dungen reignited my curiosity about this purported secretarial advertisement. In 2019, the Swedish journalist Ingrid Carlberg published a new biography of Alfred Nobel, Nobel: Den gåtfulle Alfred, hans värld och hans priser (Nobel: The Enigmatic Alfred, His World and His Prizes). The book features new and in-depth research from her travels across multiple countries. Over the course of several pages, she documents her own unsuccessful efforts to find the advertisement that Bertha had described. By process of elimination, however, she settles instead on something from the Illustriertes Wiener Extrablatt more closely resembling a personal ad: "A wealthy elderly gentleman in need of spiritual stimulation seeks acquaintance with an educated beautiful girl or widow, whom he is willing to support with advice and deeds. A marriage may not be excluded. Reply under 'Good luck'" Carlberg concludes, "This ad is more likely than the one Bertha von Suttner reproduced. … So while awaiting the critical review that is the basis of all truth-seeking activity, not just science, I venture the claim that (this) ad may actually be the right one."
This ad, on an intuitive level at least, didn't sound to me at all like Alfred. Likewise, it didn't sound like anything that Bertha might have considered worthy of a response. She was madly in love with Artur and had demonstrated on numerous past occasions a strong and stubborn sense of self in matters of the heart. What she wanted was work, not romance.
Knowing that the world's information databases have been growing almost exponentially day by day, I decided to hop down the proverbial rabbit hole once again. I reconnected with Ulf Larsson and reminded him of our conversation years ago. In his reply, he sent along a digital file of what might—or might not—be the advertisement in question. "A historian in Oslo received it from someone in Sweden some 15 years ago," he wrote, "but no one remembers the source anymore. So I am not sure which newspaper it was and have not been able to check it."
Here is the transcription of the German ad followed by a translation into English:
Gesuch.
Vermögender, hoch gebildeter äl-
terer Herr, in Paris wohnhaf,
such, wegen Anstellung einer
Sekretärin-Hausvorsteherin,
mit einer sprachkundigen Dame
im reifen Alter Kontakt.
Wealthy, well-educated elderly gentleman, living in Paris, seeks contact with a language-proficient lady of mature age for employment as a secretary-head of household.
[NOTE: While the original advertisement contains two errors (wohnhaf should be wohnhaft, and such should be sucht), my friend and professional translator Patricia Paige-Pfennig notes that the composition of the ad demonstrates a high level of sophistication and linguistic accuracy. Because of that, she believes that the errors are, in fact, typos. On the other hand, I wouldn't be at all surprised if Alfred purposefully introduced the errors himself in the hopes that any successful applicant would be both bold and confident enough to point them out. I once worked for someone who did things like that all the time. That, to me, sounds a lot more like Alfred than the ad mentioned by Carlberg above!]
This advertisement matches Bertha's description so accurately that at first I worried someone had mocked it up as an illustration. This had been done previously with the apocryphal newspaper headline "The Merchant of Death is Dead," a premature death announcement claimed by many biographical sources to have motivated Alfred to establish the Peace Prize.
Equipped with this physical specimen, however, the task of locating the original source—and thereby providing proper authentication—became much easier. Diving back into Vienna's newspaper archives, I found that the style of the post matches the typeface and set-up of classified advertisements in the popular newspaper, Neues Wiener Tagblatt. It most likely appeared within the "Kleine Anzeigen" (small advertisements) section under the category "Dienst und Arbeit" (Services and Work). The number in the lower-right-hand corner also matches the newspaper's tracking system for similar postings.
Via his own independent path of inquiry, Peter van den Dungen had come to some of the same conclusions. As with proper scientific experimentation, we were able to produce the same results under different conditions, thereby moving closer and closer toward proving a hypothesis and providing final authentication.
Unfortunately, as of this writing, the online archives for Neues Wiener Tagblatt are incomplete. Fearing that the issues I've been searching for had been lost or destroyed, I contacted the research department at the Oesterreichische Nationalbibliothek. A few days later, librarian Daniela Köck responded that the particular volumes I was seeking had simply been overlooked in the digitization process. In fact, she now had the physical copies right there on her desk for my perusal and would request that they be scanned and properly archived.
I'm eager to complete this last step of authentication so that historians (and historical novelists such as myself) will at last have a more definitive time line for these important initial interactions between Alfred and Bertha. If only we could find the letters that she and he exchanged between Vienna and Paris as a result of this ad… For now at least, fiction (or, as some might call it, narrative nonfiction) will have to suffice to bridge the remaining gaps in their stories.
October 24, 2020 / Hugh Coyle	/ 1 Comment
Today the world celebrates the 75th anniversary of the United Nations, an international alliance forged in the crucible of World War II to prevent future military cataclysms. The preamble to the UN Charter lists four guiding aspirations:
to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind
to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small
to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law can be maintained
to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom
President Harry Truman watches as U.S. delegate Edward R. Stettinius signs the UN Charter
The United Nations succeeded the League of Nations, formed after the first World War in 1920. Though U.S. President Woodrow Wilson would receive a Nobel Peace Prize for his fundamental role in developing the league, the United States never joined as an official member. During the second World War, U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill envisioned a stronger global organization and developed the Atlantic Charter, the seed from which the UN Charter sprang. Years later, the Nobel Peace Prize committee first acknowledged the role of the UN by honoring Ralph Bunche, a U.S. diplomat who helped bring about peace in the Middle East after the original negotiator was killed by extremists. Bunche was also the first person of color to become a Peace Prize laureate.
Interestingly, Woodrow Wilson and Bertha von Suttner spent some time together at Skibo, the luxurious Scottish castle owned by the American pacifist and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. Woodrow was then president of Princeton University; Bertha had hopes of convincing Carnegie to become her new patron after the death of Alfred Nobel some years earlier. It's not hard to imagine Bertha bending Woodrow's ear about peace during the long carriage ride from the train station to Carnegie's countryside estate. In fact, their signatures appear, one atop the other, in Skibo's guest registry.
At the Fourth World's Peace Congress in Bern, Switzerland, in 1892, Bertha had co-sponsored a proposal concerning "the formation of a confederation of states on the basis of the solidarity of their interests." She and her co-signers invited "all the societies in the world, especially at the time of political elections, to draw attention to the necessity of a permanent congress of nations, to which every international question should be submitted, so that every conflict may be settled by law and not by force." Their vision would eventually be realized not only in the League of Nations and the United Nations but also in the establishment of the International Criminal Court and the International Court of Arbitration. These latter organizations are both housed in the Peace Palace in The Hague, Netherlands, a grand building funded in large part by Carnegie at the request of Suttner and her pacifist colleagues.
The Peace Palace in The Hague, the Netherlands
All of the efforts noted above evolved from centuries of philosophical inquiry, most notably, perhaps, from the written works of Hugo Grotius and Immanuel Kant. They also stand as a testament to the value of shared knowledge, received and transmitted through time. Imagine how our world leaders today might fulfill the goals of the U.N. charter if they educated themselves more deeply in the history and philosophy of pacifism. Such inquiries can inspire us all as we work together toward a more peaceful coexistence around the globe.
BONUS: Hear Sir Laurence Olivier read aloud the preamble to the UN Charter.
September 14, 2020 September 15, 2020 / Hugh Coyle	/ Leave a comment
Replicas of the Nobel Peace Prize inside the Nobelinstitutt building in Oslo, Norway.
This year, the Norwegian Nobel Prize Committee reports that they have received 318 valid nominations for the 2020 Nobel Peace Prize. Per the committee's standing rules, they will not publicly confirm, identify, or discuss any of these candidates for fifty years, a guideline that they likewise expect the wide range of nominating officials to honor. These stipulations, as well as details of the decision-making process itself, are clearly spelled out on the agency's Web site. Even so, whenever the annual awards season nears, various parties begin to boast about their nominations and declaim the likelihood, pro or con, of their becoming one of the distinguished laureates. The prize itself becomes a political tool, an opportunity to promote self over society in ways that run counter to Nobel's core ideals.
When Nobel envisioned the peace prize in his last will and testament, he established three criteria directly linked to the ongoing work of Bertha von Suttner and her contemporary pacifists: "fraternity between nations," "the abolition and reduction of standing armies," and "the holding and promotion of peace congresses." Future Nobel wannabes can quickly estimate their eligibility by evaluating their own efforts toward these three goals. Not surprisingly, perhaps, many who outwardly crave such a high honor are often among the least deserving. Any male U.S. politician who brags about developing new weapons of mass destruction, for example, might just as well campaign for the title of highest-scoring female South American soccer star. Such behavior not only demonstrates both disregard and disrespect for Nobel's clearly stated wishes; it demeans the efforts of legitimate peacemakers around the globe.
The Peace Prize decision-making process. Nominations must be made by February 1.
Still, critics continue to point out that none of the five Nobel awards has avoided controversy of some sort during their history. The achievements of female scientists, such as Marie Curie, have long been shadowed by male counterparts; theories based on racist assumptions, such as eugenics, have been discredited over time. Likewise, some peace prize laureates, despite showing good faith and promise in their initial peacemaking efforts, eventually failed in their efforts or fell back upon more violent solutions in response to events around them. One recent article by Graeme Wood in The Atlantic suggested that, because of this, the world should abandon the peace prize altogether, though this seems akin to shutting down an entire university after one or two scholarship recipients courted scandal after graduation, a common enough occurrence.
Most people around the world continue to anticipate the annual announcements of the Nobel awards as opportunities to restore our faith in humanity, especially in dark and dire times such as these. We look forward to hearing about new discoveries and initiatives in various fields that might, as Nobel envisioned, "confer the greatest benefit on mankind." We reject nihilism and, instead, embrace the idealism of young peacemakers, such as Malala Yousafzi and Nadia Murad, whose enduring optimism helped them transform personal trauma into societal progress.
Personally, I welcome the announcement of a surprise laureate, someone who has toiled until now in relative silence and obscurity. The world stands ready to receive these new heroes, peace pioneers who inspire hope and progress and don't tempt us down the dark path to cynicism. As historian Burton Feldman reflects in his book The Nobel Prize: A History of Genius, Controversy, and Prestige: "The peace movement is dedicated to the greater good, not private glory." The more pompous Nobel wannabes of the world would do well to remember that.
(The charts above appear on the Web site of the Nobel Prize Organization, which you are encouraged to visit by clicking here.)
A Response to COVID-19
March 17, 2020 / Hugh Coyle	/ Leave a comment
With the COVID-19 pandemic currently looming large in all our lives, it's difficult to maintain focus on our normal workloads. In addition to practicing social distancing, observing quarantines, and sanitizing relentlessly, all extremely important responsibilities during this health crisis, we need to remain vigilant about the viral disinformation and pseudo-science that routinely infects social media sites such as Facebook and Twitter. The lives of our friends and family members may very well depend on it.
That's why the following quote from Alfred Nobel has been on my mind lately: "To spread knowledge is to spread well-being. I mean general well-being, not individual prosperity, and with the arrival of such well-being, the greater part of the evil we have inherited from the dark ages will disappear. The advances in scientific research and its ever-expanding fields of interest arouse a hope in us that pernicious microbes, both those of the soul and body, will gradually be eradicated and that the only war humanity will wage in the future will be the war against these microbes."
(Note: The quote originally appeared in an early Nobel biography written by Henrik Schück, one of the first chairpersons of the Nobel Foundation's Board of Directors. I have taken the liberty of adding the word "pernicious" to describe microbes in this translation, as the current English definition of "microbes" is broader and more neutral than the original application of the term.)
French scientist Louis Pasteur, whose work in the 1800s validated the "germ theory" of disease by demonstrating the link between microbes and contagion
Nobel's words resonate not only because of his enduring faith in science, but also because of his unique understanding of the dangerous gap that often exists between public and private interests. In nearly every endeavor, Nobel trusted science to provide a clear and rational solution to a specific problem. He valued facts and data over opinion and conjecture. His letters contain frequent diatribes against those who challenged his idealism, including politicians, lawyers, "quack" doctors, and even his closest, profit-minded business associates. Our often scattershot responses to the COVID-19 epidemic today would have appalled him, I'm sure. Would they have surprised him? Possibly, but mostly because he believed that, by now, humanity would have outgrown any lingering distrust of science.
Such a distrust, which has grown epidemic in its own right here in the United States, represents one of the more sickening "microbes…of the soul" that Nobel mentions above. People with little or no knowledge of medicine and epidemiology spread untested rumors and proven fallacies about COVID-19, and for what purpose? Most often private interests. Some seek to address the growing psychological dissonance around their personal political affiliations; others hope to be applauded for performing public acts of altruism, however indirect or ill-conceived. The most selfish of all hope to make a quick profit or protect their existing investments from contagion.
Early plague doctors, outfitted in heavy coats and hats, filtered air through a beak-like prostheses to prevent exposure to the so-called "miasma" of disease.
"We do not yet know." Throughout my reading about both Nobel's life and the COVID-19 pandemic, I've found these five simple and truthful words repeated by some of the most intelligent and compassionate people in history. They are humbling, true, and yet they have inspired explorers to venture into uncharted territories just as much as they have guided scientists toward examining previously inexplicable mysteries. Success was never guaranteed. In fact, as Nobel well knew, repeated failure would often precede the most significant discoveries. Some might have called this optimism. Nobel, whose melancholic nature leaned more toward pessimism, preferred to call it idealism.
As Nobel said, "to spread knowledge is to spread well-being." Diseases that once ravaged entire populations have been tamed and vanquished by scientific break-throughs, some of which provide the foundation for our current understanding of COVID-19. To accept and promote that knowledge is to reduce the global impact of the virus and save lives. To spread ignorance is to facilitate unwarranted fear and delusion. In too many instances, such disinformation leads to death.
Without scientific understanding, it was easy to envision disease as a specter from beyond against which the traditional weapons of war were powerless.
In these challenging times especially, the world needs to leave behind, once and for all, "the evil we have inherited from the dark ages," including all the debunked snake-oil remedies and hero-worship mythologies that adulated military leaders over the medical professionals who continue to work so tirelessly to save lives and maintain the health of our civil societies. This is why Nobel chose to establish his prizes in the fields of science and pacifism. Therein lay his best hopes for the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Therein, too, lies our strongest hope for the twenty-first.
Sweet Peace
January 13, 2020 / Hugh Coyle	/ 1 Comment
The best part of historical research occurs when unexpected passions intersect. In today's instance, it was peace-work and chocolate.
While following various threads in multiple search engines, I came upon these candy wrappers from the French company Guérin-Boutron. The elite chocolatier, established in Paris in 1775, achieved notoriety throughout Europe for their colorful labels. At the turn of the 19th century, they produced a collection featuring 84 "Benefactors of Humanity." Along with familiar notables such as Pythagoras, Hippocrates, Isaac Newton, and Galileo, the company also paid homage to both Alfred Nobel and Bertha von Suttner for their contributions to the world.
As we enter the 2020s, it's worth reflecting on which historical figures we might include on a similar series of collectible artwork. Likewise, we should identify and support those who might lead the world toward greater wisdom and harmony in the years ahead.
November 26, 2019 November 26, 2019 / Hugh Coyle	/ Leave a comment
During the impeachment inquiries against the president of the United States of America, many spectators were confused by the various pronunciations of Kyiv (Kiev), the capital of Ukraine. As it turns out, most Americans rely on the Russian pronunciation over the native rendition. In a way, this comes as no surprise. Not only do foreigners frequently mispronounce international place names; in many instances, they spell the proper names of countries and cities in nearly unrecognizable ways, even when relying on a common alphabet. Endonyms (the names people and places use for themselves) no longer match exonyms (the names given to people and places by foreigners). (To see an interactive map of the world featuring country names in their original languages, click here.)
If we could take one definitive step toward respecting one another on this planet, might we not start by calling each other by our given names?
Country names are one thing, but settling on universal names for bodies of water could prove to be a far greater challenge.
Local place names often reflect a region's cultural history. For example, the names of many geographical features in the U.S., such as Lake Winnipesaukee and the Mississipi River, have deep roots in indigenous languages. Throughout history, however, colonizing forces around the globe imposed their own languages on subjugated nations, often ignoring long-standing nomenclature. Tribal power shifts within countries have also affected both the spelling and pronunciations of local names. The various exonyms for today's Deutschland (Alemania in Spanish, Germany in English, Niemcy in Polish, Saksa in Finnish, Tyskland in Scandinavian languages) result from numerous geopolitical and linguistic shifts that took place over the region's history.
István Türr, also known as Stephan, Stefano, and Étienne.
On the personal level as well, the names of people often change dramatically in translation. That's why I was called José in my high school language class, as there was no Spanish equivalent for Hugh. In her memoirs, Bertha von Suttner recalls greeting the chairman of the 1896 Budapest Peace Congress, the Hungarian General István Türr, with a sign that read "Wilkommen, Stephan Türr." During the congress itself, the Italian delegation called Türr Stefano while the French representatives referred to him as Étienne. Would it have been so difficult for everyone to agree to call him by his given name, in his native language?
Apparently, such due respect might be more difficult than we imagine. Phonemes in some languages (i.e. the sounds that make up a given word) have no counterparts in others. In extreme instances, oral physiology has adapted to some sounds (or their absence) to such a degree that it becomes difficult, if not impossible, to pronounce certain foreign words properly. Many people have difficulty saying my name properly, so much so that calls of "hey Hugh!" sound more like "hey you!" depending on the regional accent. That explains why, when I worked in a record shop, with loud music constantly playing in the background, I received the nickname Bert. I rarely looked up when someone across the store called my name.
Bertha and other 19th-century pacifists, including Alfred Nobel himself, regarded a universal language as one possible pathway toward peace. Even so, the developers of these languages, such as Volapük and the more recent Esperanto, faced nearly insurmountable challenges. Some historians claim that Martin Schleyer's devotion to the umlaut doomed Volapük. It certainly opened his efforts up to ridicule, as this limerick from the Milwaukee Sentinel shows:
Johann Martin Schleyer, the founder of the universal language Volapük
A charming young student of Grük
Once tried to acquire Volapük
But it sounded so bad
That her friends called her mad,
And she quit it in less than a wük.
The French author and caricaturist John Grand-Carteret, having described Bertha as "the apostle of peace and civilization," proclaimed her work to represent "the feminine Volapük of the future, a language that…will permit the women of all countries to utter the cry, 'Die Waffen Nieder!'" It wasn't enough for women to raise their voices; they needed to modify their native languages (ironically called the "mother tongues" in English) to communicate their needs and desires more effectively as well. Even the German title of Bertha's most popular book remains difficult to translate into English. Initial editions bore the clumsy title Ground Arms!, while subsequent versions were updated with Lay Down Your Arms! I'd suggest that Lower Your Weapons! is a more accurate translation, though it lacks the clear military reference of its predecessors.
The emblem for the international language Volapük bears the inscription "One mankind, one language."
Despite the clear challenges, it would serve humanity well to attempt the languages of others, if only in speaking the names of people and places. Doing so would not only show respect for others; it would further our continuing education about the rich array of languages and cultures around the world. It might also provide a necessary first step toward adopting a global language, one that might bring us all closer together rather than driving us farther and farther apart.
On Brexit and the European Union
March 26, 2019 March 27, 2019 / Hugh Coyle	/ Leave a comment
With so much debate roiling around the United Kingdom's decision to leave the European Union, I've found myself wondering, "If Brexit succeeds, should UK citizens be asked to forfeit their Nobel Peace Prize?"
The Norwegian Nobel Committee awarded the 2012 Nobel Peace Prize to the entire European Union in 2012, noting that "the work of the EU represents 'fraternity between nations' and amounts to a form of the 'peace congresses' to which Alfred Nobel refers as criteria for the Peace Prize in his 1895 will."
The 2012 Nobel Peace Prize medal and diploma, which honors the EU motto "United in Diversity."
Nigel Farage, then leader of the United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP), disagreed and called the decision "baffling." He further claimed that the committe had dragged the award "into total disrepute." Since then, Farage has continued to campaign vociferously against the idea of a united Europe, earning him the moniker "Mr. Brexit" from Donald Trump.
It's worth noting that Farage began his career as a trader on the London Metal Exchange and that the UK was not one of the six founding members of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), which many consider to be the precursor to the European Union itself. Former Atlantic editor Robert Wright noted, "It's possible that, had far-seeing leaders not in 1951 created the European Coal and Steel Community, and had this not led to a series of free trade agreements among European nations, economic nationalism would have started trade wars that led to real wars."
An engraving of Bertha von Suttner appeared on Austria's 1,000 schilling note prior to the adoption of the Euro.
The ECSC formed after World War II as a result of the Paris Treaty, which intended to foster a new era of economic cooperation and supranationalism. (Please be careful not to read that last word as "supernationalism." Supranationalism refers to an aggregate political entity above the level of state or country, not a claim that any one nation or empire is superior to others or has comic-book-style superpowers.) In his favorable response to the question "Did the European Union deserve a Nobel Peace Prize?" author Steven Pinker wrote, "The EU grew out of the European Coal and Steel Community, which was designed in 1950 to reduce the chances of a recrudescence of war between Germany and its neighbors. The rationale came right out of Immanuel Kant's 1795 essay 'Perpetual Peace': democracy, free trade and an international community should discourage leaders from dragging their countries into war. More than half a century of Western European peace later, we can see that the architects of European economic unification had a point."
In his essay, Kant argued that scientific reason and respect for the rule of law were prerequisites for the formation of a Völkerbund, or "union of nations." While allowing that such a political entity might result in enhanced economic prosperity, his prime objective was to eliminate war as a means of settling disputes between nations. Though Darwin hadn't yet been born, Kant saw a European confederation in evolutionary terms, part of a natural progression of human society and civilization.
This sort of idealism sat well with Alfred Nobel and his fellow Enlightenment thinkers. It also inspired Bertha von Suttner and her fellow pacifists E.T. Moneta and S.J. Capper (himself a Brit) to propose "A Confederation of European States" back in 1892 at the International Peace Congress in Bern, Switzerland. "At the time the idea had not yet begun to be understood at all," Bertha wrote in her memoirs. "It was generally confounded with the idea of the United States, that the North American pattern was being proscribed for Europe."
Here, in full, is the Suttner/Capper/Moneta proposal:
"Whereas both the injury caused by armed peace and the danger that is ever threatening the whole of Europe from a possible great war have their basis in the condition of lawlessness in which the different states of Europe stand toward one another;
Whereas a confederation of European states, which would be desirable also in the interest of commercial relations of all countries, would do away with this condition of lawlessness and create permanent legal relations in Europe;
And finally, whereas such a confederation would in no wise impair the independence of the individual nations as regards their internal affairs, and therefore as regards their forms of governance;
The Congress invites the European peace societies and their adherents to exert themselves, as the highest aim or their propaganda, for the formation of a confederation of states on the basis of the solidarity of their interests. It moreover invites all the societies in the world, especially at the time of political elections, to draw attention to the necessity of a permanent congress of nations, to which every international question should be submitted, so that every conflict may be settled by law and not by force."
The 1892 International Peace Congress convened in Bern, Switzerland.
At the time, Europe had yet to endure the sort of "great war" that Suttner and her colleagues envisioned in 1892. Nations might have agreed with their proposed "European Confederation" in theory, but in practice, world leaders continued to promote military tradition and to finance standing armies, favoring costly force over the rule of moral law in settling international conflicts. Peace remained the pipe dream of philosophers such as Kant, and, as the first of two world wars soon demonstrated, the world paid dearly for the oversight.
Today, some world leaders are once again stoking the furnaces of misguided patriotism and despotism, insisting on separatism and isolationism in place of cooperation and unification. Stubborn partisanship has replaced rational political discourse in both the public square and the chambers of government.
Shortly after the Nobel committee's announcement in 2012, Wall Street Journal writer Simon Nixon remarked that the EU was "on the brink of failure." With so much at stake, he considered the awarding of the Peace Prize to be an "inspired decision." Like the Nobel Committee, citizens of the world today should continue to feel inspired and work to support and strengthen the European Union's stated commitment to "the ideals of international unity, solidarity, and harmony"—with or without the United Kingdom.
Confronting Sexual Violence
October 6, 2018 October 6, 2018 / Hugh Coyle	/ Leave a comment
Nadia Murad shares her stories of violence and her demand for justice at the Global Citizen festival.
Yesterday, the Norwegian Nobel Committee honored Nadia Murad of Iraq and Dr. Denis Mukwege of the Democratic Republic of the Congo with the 2018 Nobel Peace Prize "for their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war and armed conflict." As both a victim and witness of rape, and female enslavement, Ms. Murad has spoken out around the world and raised awareness of this heinous aspect of the war against her community, the Yazidi people of northern Iraq. Dr. Mukwege has become famous throughout Africa for his role as "The Man Who Mends Women," helping victims to overcome the physical and emotional trauma associated with sexual violence and genital mutilation.
Because men are the major perpetrators of sex crimes and their victims are mostly women, the world remains largely unaware of the scope and nature of this violence. Too often, media reports shy away from the gruesome details and sickening images. We ask how human beings can act in such depraved and amoral ways as if that negates their very occurrence.
Critics of Bertha von Suttner's novel Lay Down Your Arms! expressed concerns about the similarly graphic descriptions of war in its pages. Having conducted numerous interviews with soldiers and other witnesses of battlefield horrors, she chastised the "gentle reader" that we might otherwise associate with 19th-century literature. "Oh, away with your prudery! Away with your affected decorum!" she wrote in the book. "That is cruel ethics, I would have you know—cruel and cowardly. … This looking aside, with the physical and the spiritual eye, allows so much misery and injustice to persist. If only we had the courage to look steadily upon our fellow humans who are pining in pain and misery, along with the courage to reflect upon what we saw!"
Both Ms. Murad and Dr. Mukwege have witnessed such pain and misery first-hand. They have spoken out forcefully, sharing their stories while seeking reparations. For Ms. Murad, this means demanding justice for the Yazidis at the International Criminal Court in The Hague. For Dr. Mukwege, it means constructing hospitals, clinics, and legal centers in his homeland to help repair, both surgically and psychologically, the many victims of sexual violence.
Dr. Denis Mukwege has provided critical medical services to victims of rape and other forms of sexual violence.
"This is the only way Yazidis will possibly be able to move on with our lives, mourn our dead, and try to rebuild what we lost," Ms. Murad said of her efforts. "A trial tells the militants that the world in the twenty-first century is built in a way that values life and humanity above mere power and fear, and that not only are we capable of protecting the most vulnerable, but that we will, no matter what."
Dr. Mukwege acknowledges the difficulties of empowering witnesses to testify against their victimizers, especially since sexual violence remains a taboo subject in many cultures. "The women we treat are only the tip of the iceberg because many of them are afraid to say they have been raped for fear of being rejected by their husbands," he said. "We've found that when they are doing well physically, when they feel strong enough psychologically and when they are economically independent, that's when women start seeking justice," he added.
It has been ten years since the UN Security Council adopted a resolution classifying sexual violence as both a war crime and a threat to international peace and security. The decision of this year's Norwegian Nobel Committee serves to highlight that important and long-overdue decree and reminds us that, in times of both war and peace, Bertha's calls for disarmament—and Alfred Nobel's echo of her demand in creating the Peace Prize—can mean lowering one's hands and fists along with laying down one's guns and rifles.
You can read the full announcement from the Norwegian Nobel Committee here: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2018/press-release/
To read an interview with Nadia Murad:
https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/555106/the-last-girl-by-nadia-murad/
To read an interview with Denis Mukwege:
https://news.un.org/en/story/2016/03/524722-interview-fate-shaped-injustice-one-mans-mission-help-women-dr-congo
To see "The Man Who Mends Women," a documentary about Dr. Mukwege's work:
http://mukwege-themovie.com
Facts, Fake News, and Fiction
December 13, 2016 December 13, 2016 / Hugh Coyle	/ Leave a comment
This past weekend, as the 2016 Nobel Prize winners received their awards on the anniversary of Alfred Nobel's (actual) death in 1896, the western world continued to grapple with a "post-truth" political landscape that threatens the very foundations of the laureates' achievements: evidence-based research and discovery. In his introductory remarks, Carl-Henrik Heldin, chairman of the board of the Nobel Foundation, said, "The grim truth is that we can no longer take it for granted that people believe in science, facts, and knowledge."
In my own explorations into the origins of the peace prize, I've been surprised at how often historical "facts" have been twisted and manipulated into false narratives, even in supposedly authoritative, academic texts. Take, for instance, this excerpt from the Encyclopedia Brittanica's biographical entry on Nobel, which chronicles a bit of "fake news" concerning his (supposed) death in 1888:
The French newspapers reported Ludvig's death but confused him with (his brother) Alfred, and one paper sported the headline "Le marchand de la mort est mort" ("The merchant of death is dead"). Perhaps Alfred Nobel established the prizes to avoid precisely the sort of posthumous reputation suggested by this premature obituary. (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Alfred-Nobel)
I've found versions of this story repeated throughout my research, though neither I nor many of the historians who have studied Nobel's life have been able to document or verify the headline quoted above. I have, however, been able to verify that the false obituary did appear in newspapers around the world, including in The New York Times (see right). In many instances, Nobel biographers draw a direct correlation between the mistaken obituary and his development of the peace prize, despite the fact that eight years (and at least two prior drafts of his last will and testament, neither of which included a peace prize) separate the two events.
Once we have the "merchant of death" story in mind, however, we start looking for other facts and details that support this intriguing (and admittedly entertaining) narrative. This is called confirmation bias: starting with a hypothesis and seeking out evidence that supports it rather than remaining objective and drawing one's conclusions from the evidence itself. Sadly, we expect to find an abundance of confirmation bias in politics, but it's doubly distressing to see it infiltrating academic texts. As a false correlation like the one above is referenced and footnoted throughout subsequent works, it becomes harder and harder for us to discern the "fake news" from the facts. Key words such as "perhaps" from the original encyclopedia entry have a way of disappearing in subsequent retellings.
As someone writing a fictionalized account of the origins of the peace prize, I'm tempted by some of the more dramatic and entertaining options available, such as suggestions of a romantic relationship between the two protagonists, Nobel and Bertha von Suttner. Fiction, however, prefers to revel in complexities, not settle for simplistic explanations. By extension, historical fiction insists upon careful research and analysis, with the central narrative(s) supported by both evidence and logic.
Taken from a plaster cast of his face, Alfred Nobel's "death mask" rests atop engraved lines from his last will and testament.
This isn't always possible, especially when theorizing about what drove and distracted major and minor figures in the 19th century. Like a good detective, the historical fiction writer looks for probable cause, not merely plausible cause. The latter may attract a wider readership (by suggesting that Abraham Lincoln was a vampire hunter, for example), but it borders on being irresponsible. When you consider that the creators of "fake news" are, in fact, peddling this same sort of fiction, you can begin to appreciate the rising anxiety levels of already anxious writers today.
Fiction posing as fact is not a new phenomenon, nor is the eager gullibility of the general public. Literature may invite us as readers to "suspend our disbelief" when entering imagined worlds of the past, but readers should do so sparingly, and then only temporarily. Above all, we should continue to question and explore the topics that interest us and influence our lives beyond the final pages.
Some might protest that homework ends in adulthood, but that's hardly true in any civilized society. Many farmers continue to research and practice new ways to improve their crop yields just as doctors constantly research and practice new life-saving procedures. Likewise, our civic duty demands a critical attentiveness to the present-day news and, as a kind of "healthy skepticism," a steadfast desire to verify the truth of that news. This is the ongoing and absolutely vital kind of education promoted by both Nobel and Suttner throughout their lifetimes. Without it, we remain vulnerable to all manner of future horrors and atrocities, as Suttner herself warned right up until her own death—just days before the violent outbreak of World War I.
Response to a Demagogue
November 11, 2016 / Hugh Coyle	/ Leave a comment
General Georges Boulanger, who served for many years as France's Minister of War
During this U.S. presidential election cycle, I've been working on a section of Peace at Last that features General Georges Boulanger, a handsome and charismatic French demagogue from the late 1800s who rallied the French public to take up arms against Germany in the hopes of avenging the nation's prior defeat in the Franco-Prussian war. On election night in January of 1889, emboldened mobs took to the streets of Paris and exhorted Boulanger to seize control of the government and establish a new, populist, authoritarian regime. Instead, and quite unexpectedly, Boulanger chose to pass up the opportunity and spend the evening with his mistress.
Perhaps because of his businessman's knowledge of each country's military capabilities, Alfred Nobel strongly believed that Germany would have readily defeated France if Boulanger had initiated a second war between the nations. He also clearly understood the dangers of demagoguery and how a man such as Boulanger could incite and inflame the vengeful sentiments of the uneducated masses. A resident of Paris at the time, Nobel noted in a letter, "In former days, governments used to be more narrow-minded and aggressive than their subjects. Nowadays, it seems as though the governments endeavor to appease the idiotic passions of a public roused into hysteria by pernicious newspapers."
In 1892, shortly after Nobel and Bertha von Suttner had discussed the idea of establishing a global prize for peacemakers, he shared his darkening cynicism about mankind in a letter to the Baroness. "A new tyranny—that from the lower strata—stirs in the darkness," he wrote, "and one can hear its distant rumble."
Just months after the death of his mistress, General Boulanger went to her grave with a pistol in hand and took his own life.
In the United States, that rumble no longer sounds in the distance. Unlike France in the late 19th century, it appears that the demagogue will have his day. Though the origins of Donald Trump's electoral appeal may differ somewhat from Boulanger's, the parallels are hard to ignore: a sensationalist press, an ill-informed public, and a list of grievances that have remained unresolved for decades.
Throughout his final years, Nobel found it difficult to overcome the growing sense of despair and depression he felt on reading the daily news. To her credit, Suttner remained an uplifting influence in his life, nursing his wounded idealism despite the mounting evidence of bigotry, prejudice, and nationalism spreading throughout Europe. When he revised his will shortly before his death, Nobel finally followed through on his promise to fund the peace prize that he and Suttner had envisioned.
From a period of turmoil and adversity, then, at least one great and affirming good emerged. I remain hopeful that peace-affirming beliefs such as those embodied by both Alfred Nobel and Bertha von Suttner will guide the world in its responses to the unfolding events of our own time.


The exhibition gallery space is upstairs in a fully restored 1909 Carnegie Library. The 440 square foot gallery has 96 feet of movable wall space, flexible track lighting and a large selection of pedestals.
The Featured Artist exhibitions represent the highest quality art by emerging, mid-career, and established artists from the local, Eastern Oregon region and larger Pacific Northwest region. We strive to show a broad and diverse range of visual art styles.
Solo exhibition proposals and group proposals are considered.
The selection process takes place once a year. Submission guidelines will be posted here in our forms library.
No upcoming exhibits to show at this time.
Open shows are open professional and amateur artists aged 18 years and older from around the region. Hanging guidelines apply. Traditionally we feature 3 open shows per year, in April, September and December. Submission guidelines will be posted two months prior to the deadline here in our forms library.
April Open "Theme" show - Traditionally is based around a theme.
Art at the Crossroads - In September each year. A judge is invited to select the artist cash awards.
December Open "Gift" show - Featuring fine art, fine crafts, high quality local hand-crafted gifts, holiday cards and original tree ornaments.
No upcoming shows to display.
No past shows to display.
The mission of the Crossroads Carnegie Art Center, Inc., a 501(c)3 non-profit founded in 1963, is to create opportunities for the entire community to be engaged, inspired, and transformed by the arts through participation in classes, workshops, exhibits, mentorships, and partnerships – A welcoming place where people meet and the arts speak.
We're located in beautiful Baker City Oregon!


Kathy Dawson Books, 9780525428688, 336pp.
Lindsay Ribar lives in New York City, where she works in book publishing by day and writes YA novels by night. She is the author of The Art of Wishing, The Fourth Wish, and Rocks Fall, Everyone Dies, as well as The Pros of Cons (co-written with Alison Cherry and Michelle Schusterman). Lindsay attends far too many concerts, watches far too much nerdy TV, and consumes fanfiction like it's made out of chocolate. She is fond of wine, cheese, and really cool accents. Ask her about her Harry Potter tattoo.


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Een kraplap of kroplap is de benaming voor een onderdeel van sommige Nederlandse klederdrachten. De kraplap is ontstaan uit onderkleding, waarbij deze het decolleté van de vrouw bedekte. In het Fries wordt de kraplap onderst genoemd.

In de Staphorster klederdracht is de kraplap het meest eenvoudig, een vierkante lap die loopt van onder de hals tot aan het middel. De kleuren van het kledingstuk spreken boekdelen: Normaal is het zwart, bewerkt met bloemetjes van bontgekleurd stipwerk (rood, geel, groen, blauw, wit). Als een vrouw in de rouw is, wordt een zwarte kraplap met blauwe en witte bloemetjes gedragen (soms ook helemaal zwart). De geruite omslagdoek, die over de kraplap wordt gedragen, is dan blauw in plaats van rood.

De kraplap van de klederdracht van Bunschoten/Spakenburg zoals die op markten in palinghandels nog regelmatig te zien is, spreekt waarschijnlijk het meest tot de verbeelding, omdat deze breed uitloopt over de schouders.

De kraplap van de klederdracht van Urk wordt door de draagsters zelf voorzien van kleurrijk borduurwerk.

In Zeeland wordt de kraplap doorgaans beuk genoemd.

Geschiedenis

De kraplap is ontstaan uit het modebeeld uit de 17e eeuw. Op een schilderij van Jan Steen draagt een meisje een vroege vorm van de kraplap.

Kleding in Nederland
Nederlandse klederdracht


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How Facebook Reactions Will Affect Marketing
If you've spent any time on Facebook recently, you've likely noticed that your timeline has gotten a whole lot cuter thanks to the addition of five new emojis that have replaced the old-school 'Like' button.
Welcome to Facebook Reactions.
Facebook has been testing the feature around the world for the last several months and users have been getting their first glimpses the past few weeks. While Reactions seems like an innocent enough feature, many marketers have some questions about how, exactly, it's going to affect their marketing endeavors. Here's what you need to know.
What is Reactions?
Reactions is pretty simple – it's an extension of the Facebook 'Like' button. Before the introduction of Reactions, Facebook users could simply like, share or comment on a post. Now, users can hover over the "Like" button to reveal five emojis meant to convey different reactions to a piece. In addition to the "like" emoji, Facebook is now offering "love," "wow," "haha," "angry," and "sad."
Why Does Reactions Matter?
While Reactions may seem like a somewhat arbitrary addition to Facebook, the mission to build the feature has been in the works for a little over a year. Facebook chose to add Reactions in order to provide its users with a more complex way to interact with Facebook posts. In a statement released on Facebook on Feb. 24, Mark Zuckerberg said, "Not every moment you want to share is happy…Our community has been asking for a dislike button for years…People wanted to express sympathy and…share a wider range of emotions."
Before Reactions was introduced, people who wanted to interact with a Facebook post in a way other than 'liking' it had to type a comment on the story. This doesn't seem like a huge inconvenience, until you take into account that 90 percent of the people who access Facebook on a daily and monthly basis do so from a mobile platform. While typing a comment may be no big deal on a laptop, it's a different ball game on a phone's tiny screen – especially for users attempting to engage in a conversation or share deep feelings about a piece. In light of this, Facebook realized that its huge mobile user base needed a nuanced way to interact with content and Reactions was born.
Four Ways Reactions Will Change Marketing
According to a recent Wired headline, advertisers don't just 'like' Facebook's reactions, "They love them." Although the Reactions feature is still quite new, the general feeling about the change has been positive. While it's undeniable that Reactions will have an impact on marketing, the general consensus so far is that it will be a positive one.
Here are the four ways that Reactions is most likely to change marketing right off the bat:
1. Facebook Reactions will offer more insight to readers' feelings
Because Facebook reactions are so simple and expressive, they'll provide an easy way for brands to gauge exactly how readers feel about their content or advertisements. Brands will be able to access Reaction counts through the Facebook page insights portal and adjust their content accordingly.
Too many 'angry' or 'sad' reactions may mean that you need to rethink your advertising or content strategy while an abundance of 'happy' or 'haha' Reactions likely means you're doing something right.
2. Increased customer insight
Before Reactions launched, customers who came across a piece of Facebook content could choose to share it, write a comment, like it, or simply scroll right on past. The introduction of Reactions, however, creates a much more nuanced way for readers to interact with content and, since it makes interaction fast and easy, users will be more likely to interact with content.
Plus, since Reactions are meant to specify emotions such as 'sad' or 'angry,' brands can gain far deeper insight into how their content is affecting their customers, since the old 'like' button didn't allow brands to determine if fans found their content shocking or amusing.
3. More streamlined content evaluation
Before Reactions, a Facebook publisher could look at a piece of content and evaluate reader response to it according to 'likes' and comments. With some content, however, evaluating comments is nearly impossible due to volume. Take this Humans of New York post, for example.
With more than 11,200 comments, it would be virtually impossible to comb through them all. Thanks to Reactions, however, you can simply click on the Reactions button and get a complete breakdown of how people (all 21,000 of them) have reacted to the article.
This feature makes it easier for publishers to evaluate their marketing content and gain instant insight into how readers are interacting with their pieces.
4. Reactions may affect Timeline algorithms
While there's nothing solid to go off of right now, it's possible that Reactions may eventually be factored into Facebook's Timeline algorithm – with pieces that have received the most positive or controversial Reactions ranking near the top. This would help users gain access to talked-about content and share their two cents. Marketers will have to wait and see on this one, however, since it's likely Facebook will do extensive testing before rolling something like this out to the public.
The Future of Reactions
While Reactions is still in its infancy, user response has been overwhelmingly positive. By providing Facebook users with a nuanced way to interact with content, and allowing them to do it quickly and easily, it seems like Facebook has hit this one out of the park.
As Reactions continues to settle in over the next several months, its affect on marketing will become more clear. For now, however, it seems obvious that Facebook Reactions will offer many benefits to marketers, including increased user insight and a more streamlined content evaluation process.
What's your reaction to that? Let me know in the comments!
Source: Julia Spence-McCoy
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This page shows businesses on Kenton Park Shopping Centre. Click on a business to bring up its details and a map showing its location.
Find out what people are saying about places on Kenton Park Shopping Centre.
Map showing Kenton Park Shopping Centre in Tyneside.


Increasingly, business is mobile. More and more customers have a smartphone in their pocket and rely on apps to find directions, find the best prices on products, download coupons, and locate businesses for daily purchases. But is mobile app development right for your business?
In a word: absolutely. In fact, it's becoming crucial. Businesses without a mobile app are increasingly being left behind. Your customers are doing more and more of their computing and conducting more business on the go, and just like a website and email address are crucial for a business that needs an Internet prescence, mobile app development is crucial for businesses if they want to stay in the forefront of customer minds.
Here are five ways that mobile app development is vital to the modern business environment.
It's difficult, at best, for any business to stay in touch with customers. Direct mail, newsletters, email lists, social media … a lot of these strategies take time, cost money, and are, at best, inefficient.An app, however, is "opt-in" marketing. You can place it on app stores across multiple platforms, and the customer downloads and uses it. You're reaching out not to customers who will toss your message in the recycling bin or send it to the spam folder, but to direct, engaged customers who want your products and trust your business.
It's in the interest of every business to limit the amount of "friction" in a transaction: That is, to make the process of reaching your business and purchasing goods and services feature as few steps as possible, and streamline those steps.Using mobile app development, you can allow customers to interact with your business on their schedule, and allow you to reduce friction. If a customer can use your app to make an appointment, book services from your business, and contact you directly while on the go, they're more likely to use your business and use your business more often.
A well-developed app, one that makes customers happy and makes your business simple to interact with and use, draws attention. Customers who have a good app experience, who download an app and discover your business is easy to interact with through the app, tell their friends. In turn, their friends download the app, allowing you to bring in customers without them having to visit your offices.
With an app, you'll be able to stay in touch with your best customers. You'll be able to send them coupons perfectly timed to key moments in your business, and send them marketing research, such as short surveys and other questions. You can find out what your customers want, and also have them reach out to you.
More and more brands have an app. It could be a complex app that allows customers to interact with the business, or it could be a silly widget built to promote the company. But increasingly, apps are crucial for attracting attention.
Without an app, you run the risk of being left in the cold and seeming out of touch. As apps become easier to use and computing shifts from the desktop to the tablet and the smartphone, websites will become less important and apps will come to the forefront. Just like many businesses that refused to develop a web presence regretted it, the day is coming where not having an app means putting your business at risk.
So get ahead of the curve, and help your customers work with you: Focus on mobile app development.


[. . .] Different people cope with stress and trauma in different ways. Many people do so in whole or in part by calling out to the god they believe in and hospitals should not steer them away from that if that is indeed what they want and believe in. However, not everyone is religious or spiritual and it should never be assumed that the patients "need" to be ministered to when it is evident that they do not want it or if it's unclear if they even do want it. This would hold true even for religion-driven hospitals like those of the Jews and the Catholics. Indeed, the first focus should be on patient care, both in terms of expediency and quality. The second major thing that should be focused on is the involvement and visiting of friends and family. This can lift the spirits of the patient and will tend to be less lonely. Faith-based tactics have been shown to have a positive effect on perceptions and mood. Given that, if a hospital has a system in place to take advantage of those perceived gains, then this is all well and good. However, it should not be extended unless it is clear that the patient desires it. If the family says one thing and the patient says another, then the patient should be listened to. Family members with good and/or religious intentions may mean well but it is the patient whose opinion ultimately matters most. Finally, people that feel the need to minister to visitors or patients unsolicited need to dial back their behavior as ministering uninvited during a person's time of need and pain is not classy and it is not right. In fact, it could ultimately backfire for that person's spirituality. Some may not mind that but any pastor or other clergy member should care about that if they are as well-intentioned as they tend to state. However, a person decides to cope is their business but there are always options they can consider.
Any realistic and appropriate means that a person can use to cope with their challenges both minor and major should be embraced and not shunned. Spirituality and religion is one such way that works for many but is ignored or shunned by others. It should be a potential tool in the toolbox but it should not be used in a scorched earth fashion. People that have been traumatized and are at least temporarily unable to weather the storm do not want or need anything else complicating their recover or life.
Currier, J.M. (2014). Clinical considerations for morally injured veterans: Response to Dr. Brad Johnson. Spirituality In Clinical Practice, 1(1), 18-19.
Mihaljevi?, S., Vuksan-?usa, B., Mar-inko, D., Koi?, E., Kusevi?, Z., & Jakovljevi?, M.
Suffering from PTSD. Journal Of Religion & Health, 50(2), 464-473.
in Indigenous Trauma Therapy. Pastoral Psychology, 61(5/6), 975-991.
Schiraldi, G.R. (2009). The post-traumatic stress disorder sourcebook: a guide to healing, recovery, and growth (2nd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Sigmund, J.A. (2003). Spirituality and Trauma: The Role of Clergy in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Journal Of Religion & Health, 42(3), 221.
Tick, E. (2013). PTSD: the sacred wound. Health Progress, 94(3), 14-22.
"PTSD and Spirituality." 30 July 2014. Web. 23 April 2019. <https://www.essaytown.com/subjects/paper/ptsd-spirituality/36810>.
"PTSD and Spirituality." Essaytown.com. July 30, 2014. Accessed April 23, 2019.


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Meet Alan C. Haspel, DMD
Oral Surgeon in Stuart
Dr. Haspel grew up in North Miami Beach, Florida and moved to Palm City in 2012. He received his undergraduate degree from the University of Florida in 1998. He graduated summa cum laude from Nova Southeastern University College of Dental Medicine in 2004 and earned his Florida dental license at that time. During dental school, he served as President of his class and President of Alpha Omega Dental Fraternity. Throughout his undergraduate and graduate education, he received multiple academic awards and accolades. Dr. Haspel completed his internship and residency at the University of Miami-Jackson Memorial Hospital Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. From 2004 to 2009, he had the privilege to train with world renowned surgeon, Dr. Robert Marx. Over his last year of training, Dr. Haspel served as chief resident of the department. Upon graduation, he was awarded by the attending faculty as the most competent and artistic surgeon within the entire residency with the "Outstanding Surgical Skills Award." During his five years with the University of Miami, Dr. Haspel obtained vast experience with exceedingly difficult maxillofacial trauma, pathology and reconstruction cases, as this was an international referral center for the most complex patients. He performed surgery on many patients whose cases made international headlines on The Discovery Channel, CNN, MSN and The Doctors television show. Dr. Haspel is a diplomate of the American Board of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. From 2011 to 2012, Dr. Haspel obtained additional fellowship experience in Virginia and served as Assistant Professor for Howard University's Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.
Dr. Haspel brings to Oral-Facial Surgical Associates and to our dental and medical communities professionalism, integrity and compassion. His first priority is to provide the highest possible level of care for our patients. Dr. Haspel utilizes the most current scientific literature, clinical research and artistry to pursue excellence to that end.
Dr. Haspel lives in Jupiter with his wife, Beth and two sons, Jacob and Noah.
View Dr. Alan Haspel's CV


We no longer breed rabbits but will keep the website and facebook page running for people to see how our past babies are growing and also for us to keep in contact with people who have had bunnies from us. We also have a link page with friends that I know who have website and with the type of rabbits that they breed added next to their link. If you are not already on it and would like me to add you to this page and please contact me via facebook, a big heartfelt thank-you to everyone that has made our time breeding rabbits both happy and memorable, we have made so many friends and will keep in touch with each and everyone of them if they want us to that is.
We will no longer be breeding rabbits after March 2014 when our current babies have gone to their new homes. We will be keeping our married couple and Fudge our oldest breeding girl and then Billy my baby who is nearly 2 now, Billy has always loved Fudge and sat but her hutch for hours when he goes out and worshipped her from afar so now we can have Billy neutered and they can live together. The other breeding rabbits will be going to friends so I can still see them and how they are doing, it was a hard decision to make due to a change in personal circumstances, but I didn't have any other choice.
Charlie's kits are now available to be reserved, one of the girls has been reserved and one of the boys is on hold, the rest can now be reserved, they will be ready at the beginning of March, please call or email me for further information.
Girly is doing a fantastic job with her 7 babies and is eating for England to keep her strength up, she is feeding them twice a day to make sure they get enough milk, for a first time mum she is doing really well and we are very proud of her because 7 is a very large litter for any rabbit let alone a first time mum.
Fudge is busy making the finishing touches to her nest and is lining it with fur, so hopefully we will have some more babies soon.
We are pleased to announce the safe arrival of 6 (we think) kits to Charlie-Girl and Chubs, both mum and babies are doing very well and we will check them when it is light, but she has done a great job and has put them in the nest and covered them.
Bexie has done very well and is eating and drinking properly now and has made a full recovery. We are just happy she is okay, she wont be bred from again. We will keep he in our side place which isn't as warm as the house but not as cold as outside until her fur grows back underneath where they had to shave her for the c section.
Bexie started to deliver her baby at 5 on Thursday evening, when I checked at 5.20 I could see she was having problems with a kit stuck and rushed her to the vets where she had an emergency c section, the kit was delivered still born and was the only one, it had got it's head stuck and she would never of delivered it by herself. She came home at 8.30PM where she got lots of cuddles and we put her in the inside cage, she was very groggy but she has come through it very well and we will keep a close eye on her to make sure she is comfortable.


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Keith Alan Olson, 56, of Henry, passed away peacefully Friday January 13, 2017, 8:30 pm at his home surrounded by family and friends after a courageous battle with brain cancer.
Memorial services will be held Saturday January 21, 2017, 10:00 am at the La Prairie Presbyterian Church. Private family burial will follow at the church Cemetery. The Rev. Melinda Stevenson will officiate.
Celebration of Life services will be held at Shandy's Bar & Grill, Henry, after 11:30 am Saturday.
Memorials may be made to the Education fund for his children, Vitas Hospice, or Illinois Cancer Care, Peoria. Calvert & Johnson Memorial Home, Henry is assisting the family with arrangements.
Keith was born May 17, 1960 in Princeton, IL to William F. and Marlene (Carlson) Olson.
Surviving is his other half, Michelle Monier, of Henry, his children, Karlie Elizabeth Olson and Kody William Olson, both at home, Karlie and Kody's half-sisters, Kaycie Whitmer, of Lacon and Kylie (Brenden) Bogner, of Sparland, and Michelle's son, Marshall Rinaldo, of Mark, his mother, Marlene Olson (Gene) Froland, of Henry, his father, William (Yvonne) Olson, of Mesa, AZ, two sisters, Rita (Bob) Smith and Kristi (Steve) Smith, both of Henry. Also surviving are his nephews, Brad (Sybil) Schrock, Brian (Melissa) Schrock, niece, Allison Eckberg, all of Henry and great nieces and nephews, along with his furry companion's Jade and Ding Dong.
His brother, Steven Olson, preceded him in infancy.
Keith had worked for Lyle Wolf Construction, Princeton, IDOT, District 6 in Princeton for several years, and later worked with his brother-in-law, Bob Smith and Pavement Maintenance, of Henry. He operated Keith Olson Builders. He was known for his fine workmanship.
Keith loved to show quarter horses, hunting, fishing and boating. He enjoyed most spending time with his family and watching his children play ball.