text:
Little Python is a restricted subset of Python 3. (and 2.7)

**This is a work in progress.** The implementation does not yet match
this spec. As a result, the grammar will be slightly bogus. You hopefully
get the idea though.

## Semi-formal syntactic language features todo:

### Built in types to be supported

Simple:

* Numbers
* Strings
** Characters - the only extension beyond standard python because we're working in a restricted environment
* Booleans

Harder:

* NULL - Probably constrained **[TBD]**
* LISTS - Probably constrained **[TBD]**
* TUPLES - Probably constrained **[TBD]**
* DICTIONARIES - Probably constrained **[TBD]**
* Objects - classes **[TBD]**

### Lexical Analysis TODO

    Keywords: "and", "not", "or",
              "True", "False",
              "class", "def", "yield", "return",
              "while", "for", "in", "if", "elif", "else", "break", "continue",
              "from", "import",
              "pass",
              "print"

    Punctuation: ','  '('  ')'  ':'  '*'  '/'  '+'  '-'  '**' **[TBD]**
                 COMPARISON_OPERATOR      **[TBD]**
                 ASSIGN

    COMPARISON_OPERATOR: (<|>|==|>=|<=|<>|!=|in|not +in|is|is +not)
    ASSIGN: '='

    Structural: EOL INDENT DEDENT
        EOL -- Should be logical, actually '\n'
        INDENT -- emitted after increased number of leading spaces after EOL
        DEDENT -- emitted after decreased number of leading spaces after EOL

    Literals: IDENTIFIER NUMBER STRING
        IDENTIFIER:     [a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*

        NUMBER: BINARY OCTAL HEX FLOAT INTEGER
            BINARY -- 0b\d+
            OCTAL -- 0o\d+
            HEX -- 0x([abcdef]|\d)+
            FLOAT -- \d+\.\d+
            INTEGER -- \d+

        STRING: DQUOTESTRING | SQUOTESTRING
            DQUOTESTRING: "([^"]|.)*"
            SQUOTESTRING: '([^']|.)*'

        CHARACTER: SCHARACTER | DCHARACTER
            SCHARACTER: c'([^']|.)'
            DCHARACTER: c"([^"]|.)"

            I'm actually contemplating having b'<char>' instead, but that
            makes single character byte string tricky.  This will probably
            be revisited, but one thought is this: If a single character
            byte string is actually required, do this: b'C'+b'' - ie append
            an empty byte string.  The compiler will be special cased to
            detect this and force the expression to be the single bytestring
            b'C'. It's a bit icky, so for the moment I've added a character
            literal instead to see what works better.

            This isn't ideal, but it deals with the fact that often we do
            want to be able to deal with just characters C in embedded
            systems.

### Grammar todo

#### High Level

    program              : statements

    statements           : statement
                         | statement statements

    statement_block      : INDENT statements DEDENT

    statement            : EOL
                         | assignment_statement
                         | general_expression  **[PARTIAL]**
                         | while_statement
                         | break_statement
                         | continue_statement
                         | if_statement
                         | for_statement
                         | import_statement  **[TBD]**
                         | class_statement  **[TBD]**
                         | def_statement  **[TBD]**
                         | return_statement  **[TBD]**
                         | yield_statement  **[TBD]**
                         | pass_statement

**NB** Previously this included a print_statement. This is now a function call, ala python 3.

Note: general_expression  **[PARTIAL]** means we have parsing of general
expressions but not all types have appropriate functionality yet

Open question:

* try/except
* assert

(These are open questions because they are harder to implement on some levels,
assert would be useful though, but more useful if try/except were implemented)

### non-specific statements

    pass_statement       : PASS

### Support for class definition  **[TBD]**

    class_statement      : CLASS PARENL ident_list PARENR COLON EOL class_block
    class_block          : INDENT class_statementlist DEDENT
    class_statementlist  : def_statement
                         | assignment_statement

### Support for function definition  **[TBD]**

    def_statement        : DEF identifier PARENL PARENR COLON EOL statement_block
                         | DEF identifier PARENL ident_list PARENR COLON EOL statement_block

    yield_statement      : YIELD general_expression

    return_statement     : RETURN
                         | RETURN general_expression

    ident_list           : identifier
                         | identifier COMMA ident_list

### Assignment Statement

    assignment_statement : identifier ASSIGN general_expression

### Namespace Functions  **[TBD]**

    import_statement     : FROM identifier IMPORT identifier
                         | IMPORT identifier

### Block Statements  **[WIP]**

#### Loops

All of these have been done - to a BARE level. That is:

* In for_statement general_expression is required to be an iterator function listed
  in pyxie.model.functions.builtins. This is currently just the function range with
  an interator implementation in clib. This is however the "correct" structure, not a
  sidestep.

* In while_statement this is a general expression expected to evaluate to a bool.

    for_statement        : FOR identifier IN general_expression COLON EOL statement_block

    while_statement      : WHILE general_expression COLON EOL statement_block

    break_statement      : BREAK
    continue_statement   : CONTINUE

#### Selection

    if_statement : IF general_expression COLON EOL statement_block
                 | IF general_expression COLON EOL statement_block extended_if_clauses

    extended_if_clauses : else_clause
                        | elif_clause

    elif_clause : ELIF general_expression COLON EOL statement_block
                | ELIF general_expression COLON EOL statement_block extended_if_clauses

    else_clause : ELSE COLON EOL statement_block

### Expressions involving sub-expressions

    general_expression : boolean_expression

    boolean_expression : boolean_and_expression
                       | boolean_expression OR boolean_and_expression

    boolean_and_expression : boolean_not_expression
                           | boolean_and_expression AND boolean_not_expression

    boolean_not_expression : relational_expression
                           | NOT boolean_not_expression

    relational_expression : relational_expression COMPARISON_OPERATOR expression
                          | expression

NOTE: Not all **types** are valid yet, and truthiness needs implementing

### Core Expressions  **[WIP]**

    expression           : arith_expression  **[WIP]**
                         | arith_expression PLUS expression
                         | arith_expression MINUS expression
                         | arith_expression POWER expression  **[TBD]**

    arith_expression     : expression_atom
                         | expression_atom TIMES arith_expression
                         | expression_atom DIVIDE arith_expression

    expression_atom      : value_literal
                         | func_call
                         | PARENL general_expression PARENR

    value_literal        : number
                         | identifier
                         | string
                         | character
                         | boolean

Note: These are done for ints, floats, and for some strings. ("hello"+"world"
for example using std::string)

The lack of strings is why it's not listed as done

### Core Literals

    number               : INTEGER
                         | FLOAT
                         | HEX
                         | OCTAL
                         | BINARY
                         | MINUS number

    string               : STRING

    character            : CHARACTER

    boolean              : TRUE | FALSE

    identifier : IDENTIFIER

### Function Calls

    func_call            : IDENTIFIER PARENL PARENR
                         | IDENTIFIER PARENL expr_list PARENR

    expr_list : general_expression
              | general_expression COMMA expr_list

## Practical Details

## C++ Interaction

Pyxie is intended to interact with C++, in that it compiles to C++
targetting embedded systems. To that purpose it is useful to be able
to pass through commands to C++. In particular the pass through ONLY
supports #include pre-processor directives.

The way this is done is through python comments, so for example this is
legal:

    #include <stdio.h>

As is this:

    #include <Arduino.h>

By definition this does not support every aspect that might be needed, but
it's a useful start.

## Lexical Analysis Implementation

Lexical analyser has the following states:

* INITIAL - Starting state - actually the same as BLOCKS
* NORMAL - This is used for usual parsing rules
* BLOCKS - Switched into after we detect a newline - to allow injection of
  indents, and switching to dedent or code if appropriate.
* ENDBLOCKS - Used for emitting sufficient dedents - contains just one rule,
  that either returns a dedent if needed or switches to CODE. Does not
  consume any tokens

## Informal done list
(The changelog is a better place to look as to what specifically has been done)

* Statements are separated by NEWLINES
* Block structure generates INDENT/DEDENT tokens
* Value literals: Integers, String, Boolean
* Identifiers
* basic assignment statements - ie identifer equals expression
* function calls with expressions as arguments
* print python 2 style statements
* expression statements
* expressions - specifically:
    * Those involving value literals, identifiers and function calls
    * Infix expressions involving * + / -
    * Parentheses ( ) for nested expressions.
* Arithemtic expressions for strings "+", "*", etc
* Loops - while / for
* forever_loop (while True)
* while takes an expression for the condition
* for takes an identifier for the iterator, and expression to be
   iterated over. The expression is treated as indexable thing with
   a length. A range() function call is detected and treated as a
   special case.
* If statements including elif and else clauses
* Can "import" C++ libraries - at least pre-processor directives work
* break / continue statements
* Partial comment support (check)
* Internals of implementation for generators (for implementing builtins first)
* print replace as python 3 style statements

## Informal todo list

* Comments are started with a # character [*]   **[TBD]**
* Lists, list literals   **[TBD]**
* Dictionaries, dictionary literals   **[TBD]**

* function definitions with an optional argument list  **[TBD]**
* Iterator version/expression of for_statement is tided up, and pluggable **[TBD]**
* parsing of yield statements   **[TBD]**
* parsing of import statements, parsing of from...import... statements   **[TBD]**
* Expressions - bitwise operators, logical operators, boolean operators   **[TBD]**
* doc strings   **[TBD]**
* Objects / object attribute access   **[TBD]**
* return statement   **[TBD]**
* The parser is line oriented, should be logical lines   **[TBD]**
* Lines are logical lines    **[TBD]**
 * ie Newlines are not yet suppressed.   **[TBD]**
 * Explicit line joining is not supported [2.1.5]    **[TBD]**
 * Implicitly line joining is not yet supported  [2.1.6]   **[TBD]**
* Generator implementation   **[TBD]**

## Language features NOT supported    **[TBC]**

Note: Operator precedence needs ironing out   **[TBD]**

* Encoding declarations are not supported. Files are UTF-8 only
* General assignment statements -
    * No unpacking of identifier lists - ie no x,y,z = <rhs>, nor x,(y,z) = <rhs>
    * No augmented assignment - eg no += -= *= and so on
* Generalised classes (classes are specifically limited here)
* No dynamic functions, classes
* No dynamic lists, dictionaries yet*
* exceptions - exception values; raise statements;  try, except, finally, else blocks. (maybe later)
* operators: ** (power), ~ (bitwise negation), modulo, //, string templates via modulo operator, shift operators, conditional expressions
* Line continuation: using parentheses, using string literal, for string concatenation
* function calls : named arguments, calling with *argv, **argd
* function definitions : optional arguments, named arguments, *argv, **ard
* redirected print statements
* generator expressions
* list/dictionary/set comprehensions, slices - not generally supported - just a subset
* tuples, sets - not generally supported - just a subset
* with statements
* decorators
* long integers, imaginary numbers
* backquoted string conversions
* variant string literal types. (include r'' strings)
* Escaped strings (for now)
* else clauses for while / for loops
* for does not support unpacking of iterated objects - ie for x,y,z in <thing> is not supported
* for does not support single line nesting (for x in y for y in z)
* yield expression parsing
* implementation of yield
* asserts, del statement
* importing modules, importing names from modules, relative imports
* future statements
* exec statement, eval expressions
* global statements, nonlocal statements
* The python standard library is not available

## Language features To be decided   **[TBD]**

* Scope & Implementation of Lists, Dictionaries, Sets, Tuples, Objects, Classes, import
* Tuple unpacking
* List access
* Blank lines are valid [2.1.8]
* Whitespace separates otherwise ambigious tokens [2.1.9]
* Identifiers follow the syntax [a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z_0-9]* - the extended syntax for identifiers - for not Roman literals is not supported (yet)
* The following identifiers are reserved:
 * and as assert break class continue def del elif else except finally for from global if
 * import in is lambda nonlocal not or pass raise return try while with yield True False None
* Reserved classes of identifiers are not supported as yet [2.3.2]
* There may be an additional syntax to assist with tweaking C compilation.
 - This is partially supported at present - specifically the "#include thing"
 - This approach may be used further
 - If it does, this may use the term "pragma"
* How to handle/provide exceptions, if at all -- Seems odd not to

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
FAGAN: WE WORKED OUR SOCKS OFF
Craig Fagan praises the work ethic of the Gills side after securing 1-0 win over MK Dons at stadium:mk
.weekend defeat to Crewe after the MK Dons on TuesdayCraig Fagan said the Gills team were determined to put on a performance for the travelling supporters at
The former Hull forward netted the winner on 50 minutes to open his account for the club, and he was delighted for the squad who defended superbly for long periods in the second half.
He said: "Massive team performance; the lads were gutted after the weekend so we wanted to go out and give a better account of ourselves and I think we did that.
"Everyone worked their socks off and I wouldn't say anyone let the team down, everyone gave their all and we managed to come to a team that will be pushing for the play-offs and get a result.
"We work hard for each other and we are a group that want to put things right and you saw that in the performance.
"They had a lot of possession but we nullified their attacks."
Fagan's goal came courtesy of a decent run by Myles Weston on the left wing, but he praised Cody McDonald for the assist that gave him the opportunity.
He added: "To be fair a lot of it is down to Cody, I was shouting at him to back heel it. If it was full to the brim [inside the stadium] he wouldn't have heard me but fair play and I put it in the back of the net.
"It's good for myself, I came here to help out and use my experience. Just for anybody to score tonight and nick a result it was massive.
"I'm pleased to get off the mark and hopefully I'll get some more goals between now and the end of the season.
"The season isn't over; we are not mathematically safe so we will be working hard trying to get three points for the next game."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


What could come as a major boost to the Indian Air Force and it's Sukhoi-Su30MKI fleet, IAF is set to receive the first batch of Astra Beyond Visual Range Air-to-Air Missile (BVR-AAM) from India's state-owned missile maker Bharat Dynamics Ltd (BDL) by end of this year, informed reliable industrial sources close to idrw.org. BDL last year received pre-induction orders for 50 Astra BVR-AAMs and with the help of 50 private and public sector industries involved in development and production of the different subsystems of the Air-to-Air missile, BDL is confident to start deliveries of the first batch by end of 2019.
General Electric Company which previously supplied engines for India's Tejas Mk1 fighter jet has recently offered to supply F414 Enhanced Engines to power India's upcoming Medium Weight Fighter (MWF), and 5th Generation AMCA fighter jet program. According to reliable industry sources close to idrw.org, ADA officials were officially briefed by GE Officials on F414 Enhanced Engines and how it can be incorporated into e F414-INS6 engines selected by ADA for Previous MKII version of the Tejas Light Combat Aircraft.
Recently at Aero India 2019, ADA for the first time disclosed it's intentions to develop a Medium Weight Fighter (MWF) based on its LCA-Tejas design elements but it will be, completely new program with little or no major technology borrowed from its predecessor Tejas Mk1/1A and more of its technologies will be borrowed from India's 5th Generation AMCA fighter jet program which has been under research and development for much longer time then MWF.
Two IAF's Sukhoi-30MKI fighter jets came close to 12km of the LOC yesterday around 7 pm after some aerial activities were seen across the LOC by Pakistani air force near Poonch district of Jammu and Kashmir. Pakistani Army had resorted to small arms gunfire in the area since 5.30 in the evening which was retaliated at the same intensity by the Indian Army.
While India might be getting next generation Meteor Beyond Visual Range Air-to-Air Missile (BVRAAM) along with Rafale fighter jets which will start arriving by end of this year, but, the possible sale of Meteor missile system for other platforms like Tejas Mk1A and Sukhoi-30MKI was brick walled by MBDA due to their reservations to limit their integrations only to European Radars.
Like Mig-21Bis, R-73E short-range air-to-air missile was on verge of retirement after IAF planned to replace them with much improved European heat seeking Advanced Short Range Air-to-Air Missile (ASRAAM) among all platform,but missile system received a much-needed boost to the image when R-73E a Standard missile model procured in the '80s managed to bring down a Pakistani F-16 last month.
ASRAAM procurement will be on and will be standard air to air missile system on all current and future aircraft but due to high procurement cost, Sources close to idrw.org have informed India is now actively considering procuring improved model of the missile system called K-74M which Russia has developed to be armed on next generation Mig-35, Sukhoi-35 and Sukhoi-57 fighter aircrafts.
India's Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) which is developing Infrared image search and track system (IRST) for Sukhoi Su-30 MKI aircraft of the Indian Air Force to replace its current Russian origin OLS-30 IRST system will also find its way also into India's Medium Weight Fighter (MWF) fighter jet which was recently showcased at Aero India 2019.
According to reliable industry sources close to idrw.org, IAF and ADA are discussing the possibility of having a common Non-TVC and TVC Turbofan engine rated at 110kN with afterburner for both platforms to reduce the cost of the new engine development and also lower the cost of each unit due to the higher scale of production.
Michael Koch. Vice President, Boeing India Defense, Space & Security has confirmed to press at ongoing Aero India 2019 that last unsold C-17 before production line was closed will be delivered to India by August this year and will be 11th on to join IAF fleet making it second-biggest operator of the type in the world after USAF which operates nearly 220 of them.
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) chairman R Madhavan has said that first flight of upgraded LCA-Tejas Mk-1A will happen in 2022 and it is expected it will enter production by 2023. R Madhavan who was speaking in HAL press conference at the ongoing Aero India 2019 also confirmed that since airframe will remain same, the company is treating it has an upgrade rather than a new development.
Indian Army Chief Gen. Bipin Rawat will be carrying out a sortie on the LCA-Tejas Trainer Today at the ongoing Aero India 2019. This is for the first time Indian Army Chief will be flying indigenously developed fighter jet which recently was awarded Final Operational Clearance (FOC).
DRDO has finally showcased its Medium Weight Fighter (MWF) also known as Tejas Mk-2 at ongoing Aero India 2019. As previously reported by idrw.org, MWF now Sports Canards but the most interesting revelation has been wingtip pylon which means MWF will now sport 11 Hard-point instead of previously estimated 9 hard-points after Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-23 gun position was moved from right intake to the upper spine of the MWF.
BrahMos Aerospace is currently working on a miniature version of the BrahMos missile, called BrahMos NG which is still in the design stage and development is a few years away but a mock up of the missile system has been displayed under the wings of the LCA-Tejas Mk-1 aircraft at Aero India 2019.
Naval Variant of ALH-Dhruv has been showcased at Aero India 2019 with a new Automatic Rotor Blades Folding (ARBF) system that will allow the helicopter to be stored onboard ships where hanger space is at a premium.


text:
Éva Angyal, född den 18 april 1955 i Budapest, Ungern, är en ungersk handbollsspelare.

Hon tog OS-brons i damernas turnering i samband med de olympiska handbollstävlingarna 1976 i Montréal.

Referenser

Källor

Externa länkar

Ungerska handbollsspelare
Ungerska olympiska bronsmedaljörer
Olympiska bronsmedaljörer 1976
Tävlande vid olympiska sommarspelen 1976 från Ungern
Tävlande i handboll vid olympiska sommarspelen 1976
Tävlande vid olympiska sommarspelen 1980 från Ungern
Tävlande i handboll vid olympiska sommarspelen 1980
Kvinnor
Födda 1955
Levande personer
Idrottare från Budapest

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
The Mysterines have shared a new video for 'In My Head'
The Mysterines have shared a new video for 'In My Head'.
Out via Fiction Records, the single arrives ahead of the Liverpool four-piece's upcoming UK headline tour, which kicks off on 13th October.
Frontwoman Lia Metcalfe says: "'In My Head' appears to be a love song, but that was not the original intention. I did want it to superficially be seen as that, but in reality it's a song about people who struggle with their mental health. Partly autobiographical, it's about how sometimes life can feel like you're being haunted by something out of your control."
Give it a watch below, and catch the band live at the following:
13 The Trades Club, Hebden Bridge (SOLD OUT)
14 The Garage, London
20 O2 Academy, Leicester
21 The Crescent, York (SOLD OUT)
22 The Key Club, Leeds
23 Club Academy, Manchester
28 The Mash House, Edinburgh
29 St Doms, Newcastle
30 O2 Academy, Liverpool


text:
Institutional Capacity Building
Noor Majan hosts an Arabic language capacity building workshop with other Omani institutes
Critical Language Scholarship professional development and skills workshop, Amman, Jordan 2017
Noor Majan is committed to designing its goals and vision in line with the Sultanate's 2020 & 2040 visions. We believe in investing and developing the talents and abilities of our valued employees, strengthening their capacity to teach and compete in a competitive global economy. Our commitment to developing strong human capital enables usto be among the leading Arabic institutes in the Middle East.
The Sultanate's 2020 and 2040 vision call upon us to develop human capital and strengthen Omani skills and competencies so that Oman sits among the world's most competitive nations in a globalized economy. We believe in this and have developed capacity building workshops aimed at professionalizing the field of Arabic and English language teaching in the Sultanate. We have organized workshops with the Dhadh Institute, at the University of Nizwa and The Sultan Qaboos College for Teaching Arabic as a Second Language in Manah. We hold that mutual strengthening of skills and knowledge will lead to a more innovative and healthier economy.
Noor Majan participates in U.S. Department of State's Critical Language Scholarship (CLS) training and capacity building workshops aimed at improving the institute's performance in foreign language teaching, immersive best practices, and health/safety, logistics of study abroad programs. Noor Majan's managers, admin personnel, faculty and language partners have participated in these training opportunities online, in the United States,and in Jordan. These training workshops serve as general training for all CLS institutes and then there are specific ones for Arabic institutes, which culminated in a collaborative agreement between Noor Majan and Arab American Language Institute in Morocco (AALIM).
Professional and Institutional Capacity Buildinginfosystema2017-10-12T18:42:46+02:00


Combine lime zest, salt and cayenne; set aside.
Preheat soybean oil to 375° F in heavy frying pan or small deep fryer.
Cut ends off plantains; score each plantain lengthwise 5 times with sharp knife. Soak in bowl of hot water for 5 minutes before peeling.
Slice plantains into very thin strips, 1/8 inch thick, using a hand slicer or mandolin.
Fry in small batches, 30 to 45 seconds, turning as needed until golden. Drain in single layer on paper towels. Sprinkle with lime and salt mixture. Cool completely before serving or storing.


text:
L Train Service Suspended Due to Water Main Break
Grand Central Tunnels
NEW YORK (AP) — The Metropolitan Transit Authority has suspended L train service between Brooklyn and Manhattan because of a water main break.
The MTA says in a series of tweets that a water main break on the street level between 6th and 8th avenues prompted the service shutdown.
Passengers were told to take other trains or the bus.
Gov. Andrew Cuomo recently scrapped a plan that would have shuttered the L train for 15 months while crews worked to repair tunnel damage caused by 2012's Superstorm Sandy. He revealed a last-minute plan in December that would let crews work on the tunnel during nights and weekends. That plan will allow the trains to keep running amid the tunnel repairs.
AHEPA Ch. 405 Hockey Tickets for Trevor Zegras' 1st NHL Game in NYC, Mar. 15
NEW YORK – Greek-American Trevor Zegras, forward for the Anaheim Ducks is set to play in his first NHL game in New York City against the Rangers at Madison Square Garden on Tuesday, March 15, 7 PM.


At AFCA, Twin is really pleased to be co-hosting with AFCA the Coffee & Gender Summit, 'Better Coffee & Gender Justice Must Go Together' on Tuesday 2 Feb, and then be in Booth 20 for the Exhibition. Come and find us and have a cup of coffee from one of our JMI producers, very kindly roasted by our friends at Atlas Coffee.
Twin/JMI stand, AFCA 2015, Nairobi, Kenya.


New Zealand All Blacks' Damian McKenzie celebrates his try with Argentina Puma's TJ Perenara in the second half in New Plymouth, New Zealand, September 9, 2017.
"There are some guys who aren't here that, if you were picking it on form, probably would be here, but the rules are the rules and we are all playing by them".
Hanson said he was impressed with the veteran centre's form this season.
"He's just been Ma'a, hasn't he?" Hansen said. "You get the subtle touches and you get the brutality, as ALB [Lienert-Brown] found out at the weekend".
"What is important is he comes back when he is ready and he is confident", Hansen said.
"He could be out for eight to nine months", Hansen told reporters.


text:
Lawsuit filed over burials on Maui project site
By Andrew Gomes agomes@staradvertiser.com
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A lawsuit filed Tuesday alleges that at least 182 Native Hawaiian burials have been disturbed by work on the final phase of a master-planned subdivision on Maui. Read more
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A Maui resident has sued the state, Maui County and a developer to stop construction of a housing subdivision after learning that at least 182 Native Hawaiian burials have been disturbed by the project.
Jennifer Ahia filed the complaint in state Circuit Court Tuesday to stop work on The Parkways at Maui Lani.
Ahia's complaint, prepared by the Native Hawaiian Legal Corp., alleges the project's developer, an affiliate of Towne Development of Hawaii Inc., is violating state historic preservation law intended to protect ancient Hawaiian burials.
The lawsuit also claims the state and county didn't follow the law either, and that the developer inadequately surveyed the Central Maui subdivision site for burials despite a significant likelihood of their presence.
"(These) defendants have ignored the clear sequential steps required under administrative rules of the historic preservation review process," the complaint said. "Instead, they have adopted an ad hoc, build it till you hit it approach to historic preservation."
The state Department of Land and Natural Resources, which is in charge of historic preservation laws through its State Historic Preservation Division, said it doesn't comment on pending litigation.
Maui County officials didn't respond to requests for comment.
Towne, a firm owned by Wisconsin-based Zilber Ltd., also didn't comment despite requests.
The Parkways subdivision represents the sixth phase of the master-planned Maui Lani community that began in the 1990s and covers 1,000 acres on the outskirts of Wailuku and Kahului.
Ahia's lawsuit and attorney David Kopper said the burials were disturbed over 10 years of construction work in a roughly 15-acre final piece of the 45-acre Parkways subdivision that borders The Dunes at Maui Lani Golf Course.
This last piece of the Parkways is to include about 70 single-family homes, and the plaintiff's attorneys believe most of the construction to date has been grading and infrastructure work.
The lawsuit argues that an archaeological survey, which Towne did for the 45-acre site by digging 52 test trenches, was inadequate given that the land comprising old sand dunes was known to contain burials.
Trenching discovered just one burial site containing five burial features, though three other burial sites on the 45 acres had been previously documented in state records, the lawsuit said.
If more testing had been done, Towne could have better known where burials were and could have designed its project to avoid them, the lawsuit contends.
"Construction continues while burials are hit or discovered," Kopper said in a statement. "If the law was followed, all parties would know where to build, if at all."
Another allegation in the lawsuit is that the developer didn't follow a monitoring plan approved by the State Historic Preservation Division, and that a new monitoring plan approved last year didn't involve consultation with the Office of Hawaiian Affairs and the Maui/Lanai Island Burial Council as required by law.
Maui County raised concerns in 2017 about the number of burials disturbed and a year ago suspended project grading permits, but the preservation division required only the new monitoring plan that was approved in June instead of requiring a new survey, the lawsuit said.
Since construction resumed last year, 12 burials have been disturbed, Ahia's complaint said.
The Native Hawaiian Legal Corp. obtained the burial counts after requesting documents from the preservation division last year.
Ahia, who is recognized by the state as a cultural descendent of the disturbed burials, said in a statement that the lawsuit was necessary because burials weren't being respected.
"It's sad that we have to take this route, but after decades of desecration, we must use every avenue available to secure protection for our iwi kupuna (bones of ancestors)," she said. "The erasure of kanaka maoli (native population) in our own homelands has become so normalized many barely notice. But we are still resisting the forces that would have our sacred burial grounds reduced to developments that destroy our history and collective mana (spiritual power)."
The Native Hawaiian Legal Corp. plans to seek an emergency injunction halting construction before arguments in the case are taken up in court.
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The guys at Channel O just rolled out an unofficial list of the fiercest female singers in Africa. The un-ordered list includes Efya from Ghana,Waje and Tiwa Savage from Nigeria.
We thought Nigeria deserves at least 4 of 10 on this list as Nigerian female singers put in great work right now, but hey, the sultry singers down South and East Africa are doing great too.