text:
Open Letter to the Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada and Ministers
Petition to the Government of Canada
ՍՐՏԱԳԻՆ ԿՈՉ ԵՒ ՍՏՈՐԱԳՐԱՀԱՒԱՔ ՓՐԿԵՆՔ ՀԱՅԵՐԷՆԸ
Dr. Dikran Abrahamian's non-partisan website devoted to community activities, human rights and democracy
Two Hits in Seven Days
By Keghart
Editorial, 15 December 2015
The last week of November was seven dismal days for Armenians and two of their top charities. The United Armenian Fund (UAF), which has sent, since its inception, some $720 million worth of assistance to Armenia and to Artsakh, announced that it had shuttered its operations. A week earlier, the All-Armenia Telethon had announced that it had raised $10,378,000—the lowest amount since 2005 and a far cry from the glory days of 2011 ($31,000,000) and 2008 ($35,000,000).
The UAF board of directors stated that it would concentrate its efforts on other projects in Armenia and in the Diaspora. It's an open secret that the death of long-time philanthropist Kirk Kerkorian and the winding down of his Lincey Foundation would severely impact the UAF. The board is composed of representatives from the Armenian General Benevolent Union, the Armenian Missionary Association of America, Armenian Relief Society, the Diocese of the Armenian Church of America, and the Prelacy of the Armenian Apostolic Church of America.
We will address the UAF demise at a later date.
The steady decline of moneys contributed to the All-Armenia Fund, the charity which has raised somewhere between $250 million to $300 million, is a painful fact. It deserves the attention of every Armenian.
Why the sharp decline in the Hayastan All-Armenia Fund contributions? The reasons cited by pro and con fund sources are various. Pro-fund people point out that in its heyday almost one-third of the contributions came from a small group of wealthy Armenians in Russia. The severe economic downturn in that country has almost dried up that important source of contribution. As well, some traditional sources have switched their attention to the Armenians of Syria. Several individuals who have been major supporters of the fund have passed away in recent years. A fourth explanation is that the first generation of immigrants was more involved in Armenian affairs and supported the fund. Their assimilated or partly-assimilated progeny do not have the same closeness or commitment to the nation. Finally, when Armenia and Artsakh became independent and Armenians were resisting Azeri attacks there was an enhanced spirit of patriotism. Some people have since become blasé about Armenia and Artsakh while others don't know of a time when there was no independent Armenia.
All-Armenia Fund critics put the largest blame in the decline of the contributions on the close links the fund has with the corrupt Republic of Armenia government. Whether the RoA was headed by Levon Ter-Petrossian, Robert Kocharian or Serge Sargsyan, the government and its cronies have dipped their fingers into the fund till, critics allege. In addition, they say, there has been mismanagement and incompetence (for example, badly-constructed buildings which required repairs a few years after they were built).
Ara Manoogian, a vociferous critic of the fund, reports that in 2010 fund Executive Director Sarkis Kotanjian admitted to him, in a taped conversation, that the fund reeked to high heaven. According to activist and gadfly Manoogian, Kotanjian said: "You know all kinds of things have occurred in the fund's history. Again, very frankly, openly I'm talking to you: they've stolen money, eaten it, and what not. It has happened."
Critics have accused the fund of having a high overhead. While individual "chapters" have been scrupulous about administrative expenses (the Toronto branch has no payroll, no rent, no printing expenses for its newsletter and no travel expense), the Armenia head office hasn't been as responsible. There have been scandals going back to the Ter-Petrossian regime.
Some diehard supporters of Sargsyan claim the big contributions of Moscow Armenians were partly due to Sargsyan's lobbying and attendance at the annual dinner where huge sums of money were raised. Some supporters also say that the money raised by the fund is so miniscule (1% of RoA's budget) that regime's hangers-on wouldn't consider it worth fleecing. A weak argument, but nonetheless part of the give and take.
Armenians are ever-ready to raise their voice about how much they love their nation and their homeland, but most of them fail to put their money where their mouth is when it comes to helping Armenian causes. "Let Kirk Kerkorian do it… let the AGBU donate…they have millions" they huff and puff while paying big monthly fees for their indispensable Netflix membership and for wasteful luxuries. They don't think twice about coughing up $50,000 for a BMW SUV or a high-end Toyota but flinch at donating a few hundred dollars a year to their brothers and sisters who are living in terrible conditions and face daily attacks from the enemy.
There are about 3.5 million Armenians, not counting those living in Armenia, Artsakh, and Russia. If we divide 3.5 million by the average four members per family, we get 875,000 families. How much did these 875,000 families raise before the Armenians of Moscow began to pitch in and before people began asking questions about the management of the fund? A grand total of $7,700,000! You do the math as to how much that is per family. You do the math as to how much is that per 3.5 million Armenians.
And year after year–to add to the shame–it's the same people who donate. While Toronto is one of the lucky communities (its dollar numbers have grown substantially in the last five year), it's the same individuals who continue to donate year after year. The pattern is the same across the globe: of the 875,000 families it's only 25,000 families who bother to help their impoverished brethren in Armenia and in Artsakh.
There was a time when critics questioned the organization's audits. It's safe to say that the audit is no longer an issue: Hayastan All-Armenia Fund Yerevan (the head office) financial audit is done by the well-known firm of Grant Thornton and a physical audit of its home page is performed by an independent engineering company in Yerevan. Representatives of the latter go to every major project site while they are under construction. A third audit–internal–is done by Ara Aslan of Nice.
Migirdic Migirdicyan, the founding chair of Hayastan Foundation Toronto, says: "We have no choice but to increase the standard of living of the Hayasdan and Artsakh by building humanitarian infrastructure so that they can have a normal life and stay on their ancestral lands. After all, it is those villagers' children who are defending our lands." Migirdic's dedication is understandable and admirable but his argument has so far failed to impress most potential donors.
Assuming the above reasons as to why there has been a sharp decline in the donations are valid… assuming that the auditors are on the ball… and assuming that the thieves of Yerevan have in recent years failed to shave the donations… Where does that leave the All-Armenia Fund? What will be its future? Will next year's telethon contributions continue to go south? To point out that 3 to 4 million Diaspora Armenians managed to raise no more than $10 million dollars must make the ghosts of Gulbenkian, Manoogian, and Kerkorian wonder as to why they bothered to help their nation in the first place. Another fact is that many Diasporans have attended heavily-subsidized Armenian schools. They have received elementary and even secondary school education because the Gulbenkians and the Manoogians of this world, in addition to individual Armenians, donated to the Armenian schools in Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Cyprus, etc. Do the graduates of these subsidized schools remember the times when their principal waited anxiously for that much-needed check to arrive from New York or Lisbon?
To reverse the decline in donations, the Hayastan All-Armenia Fund leaders should come up ASAP with a new game plan. The current situation is untenable. If the fund maintains its current vector, it risks becoming irrelevant. Considering the dire need for increased donations and considering the millions of Armenians who live comfortably in the west, it should not be difficult for the fund executives to come up with a new battle plan, a new approach that will resonate with the Diaspora public. The old ways aren't working. The need in our homeland is urgent.
Let's not waste our time listening to excuse seekers. There will always be people who will find an excuse not to open their purse. They will talk about the depressed economy, the cost of filling their giant SUV's gas tank, the high cost of macchiato. The Armenian language has a ringing slap for them: "We saw you in the summer and we saw you in the winter" (Kezee amarn al dessank tsmern al dessank). We honor them when we call them Armenian.
Keghart
Transparency is needed
The Editorial is a bit confusing because it does not provide clear and precise answers to the questions/concerns raised, nor does it make specific recommendations for actions to be taken.
The All Armenia Fund is an extremely important and critical entity for the fabric of Armenia/NKR. What is the game plan being proposed? What does it have to do to regain the trust and confidence of donors? Chastising them will not do.
Here are some thoughts:
1- The $ 300 million raised. Where was it spent? What were the major projects? Were they successful in achieving their goals? An accounting of the $ 300 million will shed light on the worthiness of the specific projects and make the donors gratified.
2- Publish and circulate the audited reports. Make them available and explain the contents to the people. Most people are not accounting savvy and cannot fully comprehend audited financial statements.
3- Outline and provide details of projects that are being studied/considered. Broad statements are not sufficient. To garner enthusiasm and open up peoples' wallets
the importance and need of each project should be explained.
Vart Adjemian
The bottom line is the declining donations
I disagree with Vart. The editorial provided a detailed background of the history–particularly the recent history–of Himnatram.
It made it clear there's lots of contradiction, confusion and disagreement about the situation. Since the bottom line is the declining donations, it recommended that the Himnatram convene ASAP and come up with a solution to the problem. It would be safe to assume that when it does, the executives and the chapter managers will have no option but to address the corruption and other allegations which we have all heard in the past few years.
Vahakn
What happened this year
The proposed plan for this year was to build housing for veterans with 5 or more children. This was the least attractive vision ever for the fund. Compare this plan with building vital roads, hospitals and schools and you will see why not many people did not get interested or motivated to help. Also, why build only houses for big families only, which sounds discriminatory, instead of having a more imaginative and equitable way of finding families in need. For example finding would be owners by the number of veterans and wounded in their families?
I believe that Vahakn, instead of disagreeing with me, is in agreement with me.
I agree that the editorial clearly covers the contradictions, the confusion and the disagreement about the situation.
What the editorial does not do , is to provide any clarification of the contradictions,
the issues underlining the disagreements and help eliminate the confusions.
It is easier to criticize. Constructive suggestions, other than broad statements, are insufficient.
Vart
Dear Vart
Dear Vart,
After reading your comment, I went back to the article and read it again. Contrary to what you wrote–that it doesn't provide a solution or recommendation–the fact is in the final paragraphs the article does just that when it says that Himnatram executives should convene to come up with solutions which would reverse the downward trend in funds collected. The editorial also stresses the urgency of the situation by saying Himnatram executives should get together ASAP.
Incidentally, the article has already done a commendable job by spotlighting the dire situation.
The All-Armenia Fund (AAF) audits show that the money collected was spent on the project. To my knowledge there has never been an audit of any AAF project to address the issue of whether a particular project is overpriced. It is the potential disappearance of funds up the pyramidal steps of the oligarchy to the top through this overpricing that is the main concern, and the one never-audited aspect.
When the chairmen of the AAF, their relatives, and their party members become hundred-million and billionaires, when over time diasporans working on the ground in Armenia witness the pyramidal mafia-style oligarchic system of governance in all spheres, when the judiciary is patently not-independent, when the AAF chairmen steal elections and referenda, when the AAF chairman is thus an impostor on the AAF board… obviously questions arise and donations sink.
If the AAF board wants to salvage the enterprise they should ask for independent audits of the money spent on projects compared to what it should have been based on market price. I am not holding my breath…
"When the chairmen"
"When the chairmen of the AAF, their relatives, and their party members become hundred-million and billionaires,…."
Do you have any proof, or you are just recycling the misinformation and lies you picked up here and there gossiping ?
"… obviously questions arise and donations sink."
Obviously donations did not, quote, "sink".
Questions have been raised since Day 1 and donations have gone up, and gone down, and gone up, and gone down.
Care to guess why?
Diaspora Armenians who want to donate, will donate no matter what. Those who do not want to donate will always find an excuse.
Widespread Image Problem
AAF has a widespread image problem. That is how I perceive. Avery perceives otherwise. Do I have proof? No, I do not. Does Avery have proof to back his rebuttal? I have no reason to believe that his is also no more than a perception.
Audits are necessary but they cannot dispel suspicion. After the earthquake of Spitak, there circulated a joke with the irons claiming that that they cannot be blamed for they were not where they were supposed to be to reinforce the buildings made of concrete. I bet the constructions of those houses were also audited to make sure that the proletariat money was not exploited.
Surely Armenians in the Diaspora do contribute and will continue to contribute. Our sentimental ties to our motherland transcend our concerns. Persons like Berge who share they concerns are driven by such sentiments, otherwise they would have retreated in their cocoons that is their lives, careers, jobs, families and vacation time on the hospitable shores of Americas.
I also continue to harbor suspicion much like Berge does. As far as I am concerned, much like governance in Armenia, the AAF has an image problem. It is to the AAF to heed to these concerns and do more to put dispel these concerns.
Proof for Rebuttal
Vahe asks "does Avery have proof to back his rebuttal? I have no reason to believe that his is also no more than a perception." I don't have proof. I don't have proof that "…the chairmen of the AAF, their relatives, and their party members become hundred-million and billionaires". Neither I nor anybody else can have proof, because it is impossible to prove a negative. Is it not the common law in Anglo-Saxon countries that the accuser must prove his/her case against the accused? Is it not true that one is innocent until one is proven guilty?
Where is the evidence of the accusers? My rebuttal is based on logic: how is it possible for people to accumulate "hundred-million" and be "billionaires" and there is nobody other than poster [Berge] who knows about it? Let's see the names of those alleged billionaires. Where are those alleged AAF billionaires?
By citing Ara Manoogian,and repeating his words ("Ara Manoogian, a vociferous critic of the fund, reports that in 2010 fund Executive Director Sarkis Kotanjian admitted to him, in a taped conversation, that the fund reeked to high heaven.") Keghart.com contributes to the perception. Manoogian says there is a taped conversation. Let Keghart.com obtain that conversation from Manoogian and let us listen to it and make up our minds re the fund. Did Kotanjian say what Manoogian claims he said? By the way, if Manoogian taped his alleged conversation with Kotanjian surreptitiously, he committed felony.
Vahe, Berge, Varuj …
Vahe, Berge, Varuj, Vahe… What can I say but repeat Avery's words: You will find any excuse not to donate to any Armenian cause. You know what? Don't donate! Your donation is not needed. You go out of your way to complain criticize, denigrate without providing any proof because you are frustrated at your own failure in attracting community support other than a couple of people at the Armenian Renaissance. The fact that you try to find even non-existent flaws within the AAF when you know very well that most American or Canadian charities, which raise billions, spend most of the money towards anything but the actual cause they're raising money for. Shame on you.
The only mission of the Armenian Renaissance is to poison and divide Diasporans and seed hate in them towards the Armenian authorities. No one said the RoA authorities are perfect, but I don't doubt their patriotism one little bit. And on the other hand, you just need to look at the Armenia leaders that the Renaissance supports: Raffi Hovannisyan, Sefilian, Chugaszyan, and the rest. After monitoring what they have done in 2015, I'd like to mention that they tried to create discord in Artsakh; they tried to start a revolution on April 24, another one on December 1 all of which had comical endings.
I thank God for Serj Sargsyan. We are more than lucky to have him at the helm. Just look at the alternative: I wish they can finally go home and get real jobs. Even if they're not qualified to work as circus clowns, the least these people can do, instead of their meaningless "Panchounee" tirades and "revolutions", they can go and stand beside our brave soldiers who are defending the borders.
Take your money; get off your comfortable couches and go to Armenia-Artsakh and spend your money on our heroic soldiers. The rest of your talk is simply a waste of cyber space. You're doing nothing but harm while feeding your egos. I wish you more wisdom in 2016.
Artur jan, Thank you
Artur jan,
Thank you for your wishes of more wisdom for me during 2016. I have never considered myself wise, so that should help.
At present, as you would guess I consider the oligarchy that is in charge of Armenia to be a disgrace and the biggest threat for our nation. But, I will be very happy to admit that I was wrong in my judgment, if in the future, Armenia, under their rule becomes a prosperous and lawful country. That will be a worthwhile price to pay.
One thing that bothers me though is those street gangs (taghin dgherke) that act as election observers for the oligarchy. There are many videos showing them spitting on a young girl journalist, threatening them with physical violence during the referendum. They remind me of a close protege of Sargsyan, the Sunik mayor, who is also known to physically attack female journalists. I know those are small details and not worthy of cyberspace as you say. Anyway, when those boys get married, I am sure they will not treat their wives and daughters in similar fashion. After all they do not carry Turkish genes. So, the traditional Armenian family will flourish with the blessings of our church.
Lastly, I would like to act on your advice about how I should spend my money on heroic Artsakh soldiers. I have one condition though. I would like those in the ruling party, say the very wealthy mayor of Yerevan, who has never served in the army, visit the families of those recently killed soldiers and explain to them why he himself does not qualify to being a heroic soldier.
Allow me to wish all of us a better moral judgment for 2016.
Copy/Paste Comments
Varuj,
Your comment could have been copy/pasted from the comments of the numerous other self-hating Armenians flourishing on social media. I call the attitude ինքնահաստատման անհույս փորձեր: Usually the sentence starts with "I have one condition" or "when the day comes", etc . This goes hand-in hand with the Hovhannisyan-Sefilian act, when they start preaching: "Նոր Հայաստանում, Հայը ապրելու ա…" (you fill in the blanks).
Putting forward utopian visions of virtual reality to excuse the attacks, boycotts and "revolutions"… I will assure you of one thing: with this attitude you will not contribute anything to Armenia. Hence my first comment: we don't need your donation! Because it will always be accompanied by մուննաթ. The best you will accomplish is to feed your ego with excuses and justification for your "heroic" boycotts. That's the difference between you and a Sam Simonian of Tumo fame or Ruben Vardanyan and numerous other patriots, who build, instead of casting stones . That's the difference between Armenian Renaissance members and true patriots involved in the AAF, or COAF (for example) or many other organizations which do good for Armenia DESPITE knowing all the flaws of oligarchy or the corruption. Their legacy will live forever, while your comments and complaints will end up in the dustbin of cyberspace.
Since you live the United States, I suggest you concentrate on protesting against the American oligarchy–the greatest democracy in the world. Why don't you complain about it? Because you've been taught that it's legal. So it's OK. Besides, it's always easier to attack your relatively weak ancestral homeland. The gap between the average income of the top 1 percent of Americans versus the remaining 99 percent is $1,303,198 versus $43,713, a gap of roughly 30 to 1. What makes this possible? The politicians who are in the pockets of the top 1%. If that's not oligarchy what is?
Moral judgment? Why don't you start with yourself? Stay away from excuses which never built a country nor have left a legacy. Selfless devotion has.
US Democracy
Well said, Artur.
On US democracy ("rule of the people"), how many posters constantly ragging on Armenia and its imperfect democracy know about the SCOTUS Citizens United ruling? The US Supreme Court ruled that corporations can legally 'buy' elections and politicians. Indeed, corruption and theft are institutionalized in US, but you never hear the same people complain because they have been told it is "legal".
The Supreme Court's 5-4 First Amendment decision in 2010 that extended to corporations for the first time full rights to spend money as they wish in candidate elections — federal, state and local. American oligarchs aka corporations can buy and sell politicians legally. There you go.
Self-Hating Armenian
If calling someone who holds different views from what you believe a "self-hating Armenian" makes you calmer, I am happy for you. I am taking it as a compliment.
Still Calm
I would never disturb my calm for the "self-hating Armenian". I feel sorry for that type of disorder and treat it as comic relief, because the repetition of the same statements, complaints and apocalyptic requiems are staggering, and funny. But I make a point of refuting their gossip with the truth for the simple reason that more people aren't infected by it.
You Are Saying
It's good that you are saying whatever you think is right, but try to do it in a civilized way. It is so easy to try to denigrate others by calling names. But that only shows one's character and nothing more.
Do Me a Favor…
Do me a favor and check again what has been said about the president of the RoA, the Catholicos, and Armenian leaders, in some of the articles and comments on this website. You will then discover the true meaning of what denigrating is. In comparison, what I say about the so-called opposition and Renaissance, is too soft and kind. I truly believe "self-hating Armenian" is a mild psychological disorder, which might have its roots in the after-effects of the Genocide, with no insult meant to you or the other ones who have it, on this forum. Consider it an observation and a wake-up call for self discovery.
Dear Artur,
You mention "self-hating" Armenians in your letter. Can you please elaborate on that? Who do you consider a self-hating Armenian? What kind of behavior or utterance is considered self-hating by you? What are your qualifications in diagnosing what you label self-hating as a mild psychological disorder? Does it have a long history (Vassag, for example) or is it a recent phenomenon? Thank you.
Mesrob
Artur's Oligarchs
Artur Mazmanian rightly points at the large gap between the incomes the 1% vs. 99% in the United States, but he errs when he alludes that the Armenian-American does not seem to mind that gap but is consumed by the oligarchy in Armenia. Should readers make Keghart.com a forum for the societal ills of the greater society they live in, Keghart.com may end becoming a veritable Babylon. The issue we discuss on this forum pertains to Armenia and Armenians and hence to Armenian oligarchy and not American or Russian oligarchies.
Having said that I would also admit the following: When I walk on the streets of New York City it never crosses my mind that each domestic and commercial square footage of the bustling city is owned by someone and the Trumps among them own millions of such square footage. But when I walk on or envision the streets of Yerevan that thought crosses my mind.
Why is that I think of such things while promenading on the streets of Yerevan but not on the streets of New York City? I think of such things because I know that not even 25 years ago the people of Armenia, through the state they had instituted, owned real estate that is Armenia lock, stock and barrel, so to speak. Surely there was a class–the so called nomenklatura whose members passed their inheritance by placing or appointing their children to the lucrative posts of the state but they did not possess capital. According to all indications, nowadays a small select group, may be the former members of the nomenklatura, just do so these days. They own considerable capital and hence exercise undue influence on the economic, social and political lives of the emerging country.
I also admit that history is more likely to be on the side of Artur Mazmanian for there grows a generation of thirty years and younger whose only recollection is the present reality. The Soviet era with its cherished ownership of the proletariat, I bet, is not even taught in schools. A generation of Diaspora Armenians has two to three decades to make the younger citizens of Armenia aware of the injustice that has been rendered to their parents whose labor made Armenia a functioning entity. Their parents and hence they were disfranchised by the new order and robbed of what was rightfully theirs also.
Should that awareness and activism not take hold in the younger generation the Artur Mazmanian mindset would have carried the day to the detriment of the citizens of Armenia but not of the Armenians living in the Diaspora whose economic, social and political well-being are not affected by what goes on in Armenia.
Wealthy Yerevan Mayor
Re the comment: "…the very wealthy mayor of Yerevan, who has never served in the army, visit the families of those recently killed soldiers and explain to them why he himself does not qualify to being a heroic soldier."
If you can explain why is it that BarevaLeader Raffi Hovanissian, who was in Armenia at the time and was about 30, did not participate in the NKR War (1991-1994), we might be able to find out about the Yerevan mayor. Also, if you can explain why is it that while their father is agitating for war with Azerbaijan, his four draft-age, strapping sons have avoided serving in the military of either the RoA or the NKR. Thank you.
Raffi and Serving the Armed Forces
As far as I know those from Diaspora who opt for dual citizenship be it while they continue to reside in Diaspora or not, such as refugees from Syria or Iraq in case of the latter, are exempt from military service if they are past certain age even not 30 yet. As far as I am concerned the individuals past that age who have dual citizenship should pay a penalty for not having served in the Armenian armed forces.
For all I remember Raffi Hovanissian was catapulted into his historic role as the Third Republic's first foreign minister when was not even a citizen of Armenia. Interestingly he encountered considerable obstacle when he applied to become a citizen. Raffi may have been excused for serving for those reasons: not being a citizen and old enough not to serve.
As far as Raffi's children are concerned, they should have served the Armenian armed forces–so should the children of a mayor or president or whoever. It would be no surprise if a reporter searching the reasons for the pampered children of the wealthy in Armenia–who have not served the armed forces–finds some mitigating "health" reason for exempting these otherwise healthy young enjoying the trappings of their dads' newly-gotten wealth.
Avery, I expected you to fault the "wealthy mayor of Yerevan" and Raffi or whoever instead of resorting to the defensive and uncalled for rebuttal.
I met Raffi, for the very first time, before he became foreign minister, when he gave his youthful moving testament of his recent visit to historic Western Armenia. It must have been in the early '80s. During his testimony, he even sang a couple of lines from a nationalistic song whose lines I still remember: "kele lao yertank mer yergeer". I had newly arrived in the U.S. with some antiquated notion of a "lost" Armenian-American youth. His testament was an eye-opener. Raffi is an ardent Armenian but that does excuse his children from serving the armed forces. I do not think he would have avoided doing his civic duty under the law.
Raffi's Citizenship Woes
Raffi was told he could not have Armenian citizenship unless he gave up his US citizenship. The USA told him that forgoing US citizenship is not reversible.
Raffi had just left the All-Armenian Fund when he refused to participate in stealing that was proposed to him by the Kocharyan regime. When Raffi said he is prepared to let go of his US citizenship, Kocharyan told him he will not give him Armenian citizenship. Notwithstanding, Raffi went to the US embassy and officially, and forever, abandoned his US citizenship, and became stateless. At the time, the pressure on Kocharyan from the Diaspora was very strong on this matter, and the regime did not yet feel it had the impunity it now has, so Kocharyan gave in and Raffi received Armenian citizenship.
Today, one of the main liberators of Artsakh, Jirair Sefilian, still has no Armenian citizenship, and is followed, harassed, wantonly thrown in prison and beaten up.
Acknowledging the Four
At least you acknowledge that Raffi Hovanissian's four sons should have served in the army. When all four serve, we can discuss the pampered sons of others.
Hovanissian went to Armenia in 1988: to his credit. Karabagh fighting already started around 1988. Volunteer squads were already forming. Hundreds of Diaspora Armenians, who were not RoA citizens, fought in Karapagh, and quite a few were martyred. Not being an RoA citizen was no obstacle to volunteering. Hovanissian was foreign minister from Nov. 1991 to Oct. 1992. Ceasefire was signed in May 1994. The point is, he did not participate in the NKR war and today is agitating for war while his four sons are not in the army. Hovhanissian may have been excused from serving because he was not a citizen and too old to serve, but many men in their forties and fifties fought and were KIA. Many had multiple small children.
Hovanissian is no "ardent" Armenian: he is a disruptive demagogue.
Raffi is a Diasporan
Raffi is a Diasporan Armenian who let go the comforts and security of the United States, including a great career and dedicated his life to Armenia. He was one of the earliest Diasporans to directly experience the institutionalization of corruption in Armenia and the grave risk this posed to our nation. He extricated himself from the regime and has been a crucial voice of peaceful opposition against a brutal murderous regime.
Knowing what we all know about the state of the military in Armenia (do not misinterpret this onto the brave young soldiers), I would myself have serious qualms about placing my sons in the clutches of the regime's armed services. As dual citizens, these young men have every right not to join the military in Armenia. That is the law. They are adults who themselves decide what to do, and I suspect concerns over their safety is what kept them out.
Bottom line: Raffi is not a perfect person. He is a father, and an Armenian who has sacrificed greatly and dedicated his life to making Armenia better. Comparing him to those who grabbed power, rob a nation and destroy its chances for a future makes no sense. This whole thing is not about Boghos versus Bedros. It's about do we want an extractive regime of governance that cripples the economy and drives emigration, or inclusive governance that would fire up the economy, reduce emigration, encourage foreign investments and donations, and raise Armenia to outstanding status in the region.
The defenders of the regime should ask whether they want to be with the status quo or status grow.
Berge, re Raffi Hovhanissian's four sons you wrote "as dual citizens, these young men have every right not to join the military in Armenia. That is the law." No. Quite the opposite. Like your other claim about billions of dollars, this is not true.
Please note that there is a mandatory two-year military service requirement for all Armenian males. Dual nationals are also subject to this service requirement and can be expected to be detained and required to fulfill their military service obligation. (source: armenia.usembassy.gov)
Avery,
For the millionaires-billionaires bit, you know I am right.
For the Hovanissian boys, I will look more into this. Maybe you can help in the meantime: Do you have any idea why were they not detained and required to fulfill their obligation?
Reductio ad absurdum
Telethon 2004 $11.4 million
Telethon 2005 $ 7.7 million
Telethon 2008 $35.0 million ($30 million pledged by about 120 individuals and businesses)
Telethon 2010 $20.8 million ($8 million from Russian-Armenian businessmen)
Telethon 2012 $21.4 million ($12.1 million from Russian-Armenian businessmen).
Telethon 2015 $10.4 million.
Since inception, the total collected is about $200 million.
Let us assume every last dollar was stolen by the AAF: going beyond what Berje alleges. What kind of investment turns $200 million into "billions" over 10 years?
At a fantastic, unrealistic, compound interest of 10%, your investment will double in 10 years: to about $400 million.
Assume every last dollar was stolen by AAF, and nothing was built. And that all those photographs of roads, schools, hospitals, etc. are fakes. Maybe Berje can tell the readers of Keghart how to turn $200 million into billions in 10 years.
Latin for – Absurd.
Total Collected
According to the Himnatram website (Google it), the money collected is more than $250 million.
The numbers I listed for 2004
The numbers I listed for 2004 thru 2015 are from himnadram.org site. Under Events – Annual Telethons.
The numbers are 'pledged'. If more was 'collected', so much the better.
Does not change the logic of Reductio ad Absurdum: "At a fantastic, unrealistic, compound interest rate of 10% per annum, your investment will double in 10 years: to about $500 million." (doubled from $250 million)
Where are the alleged $Billions ?
"Reductio ad absurdum" Indeed
Your citing and summing the funds raised by AAF year after year is impressive, much like the Latin term you quoted whose meaning you justly felt is needed to be explained to the uninformed readers. It, however, is also no less an exercise in Reductio ad absurdum,and presumptuous because it misses the spirit of the exchange.
We all know that the trustees of the AAF sit at the apex of the social and political strata in Armenia and have the upper hand in leveraging economy of the country. It is not hard to fathom that they also direct the use of the funds raised along, since the Soviet days entrenched, Kh-Tz-P; that is to say Khnami (in-laws), Tzanot (acquaintance) and Paregam (friends). I wonder if they resort to competitive bidding.
Also bear in mind that Berge never alluded, although liberally to drive his point, their being millionaires or billionaires necessarily and only through AAF let alone in Green Bucks ($) but could very well had TRAM in mind and we know the TRAM is no less corrupting the MART in Armenia.
Figures in Dollars
Vahe,
I can't read poster [Berge's] mind. Maybe you can. However, he is posting from Canada. Keghart article sites all figures in dollars: there is no mention of RoA tram/dram. Based on that, I am certain Berge meant US$ or Canadian$.
I am familiar with ԽԾԲ (Խնամի, Ծանոթ, Բարեկամ). Neither I nor anybody of like mind claims or has claimed everything in RoA is pure.
Do I deny there is ԽԾԲ leakage from the Fund: of course not. But roads, schools, hospitals, water mains….have been built. The evidence is there for all to see.
Would it be better if there was no leakage? Sure. But it is human nature. It's the same as here in the US, in Europe, everywhere.
When someone makes an outrageous claim about alleged accumulated billions of dollars, there must be a challenge. I am thankful to Keghart.com for allowing me to do just that. My only regret is that there are more among us here who believe the nonsense about alleged billions of dollars, despite the utter impossibility of the claim.
Some questions to think
Some questions to think about;
How long one should financially support a heroin (not to mention gambling) addicted relative?
Under the present system, what would change in the life of ordinary Armenians if Armenia fund collected 100 million dollars every year?
Can the present government in Armenia survive without enslaved farmers who cannot sell their grape? street thugs that attack election observers, young journalists? hungry grandmothers that are ready to sell their soul for a piece of bread?
So, who benefits from the present dire situation in Armenia, if not the criminals (and their relatives) that run it?
Armenia fund? Cui Prodest? Support it if that makes you feel good.
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ԱՐԿԱԾԱԽՆԴԻՐՆԵՐԸ
Manchurian Candidates: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia
ՀԱՅԵՐԻ ԱՐԺԱՆԻՔԸ (արժեւորումը)
Ցանցային Պետություն․ նոր Հայաստանի տեսլականը
ՀԱՅԿԱԿԱՆ ՄԱՐԶԱՇԽԱՐՀԻ ՀԱՆՐԱԳԻՏԱՐԱՆԱՅԻՆ ՀԱՏՈՐ ՄԸ
Factory Town in Prose and in Poetry
Blunders of an Intelligent Man
Նոր Մտածելակերպ, Նոր Հայաստան
Ժողովուրդին հետ, ժողովուրդով, եւ ժողովուրդին համար
Arusyak Karapetyan
Publisher, Canada
Karen Mkrtchyan MA
Editor (English), Armenia
Dr. Gevorg Yazichyan
Correspondent, Armenia
Dr. Minas Kojayan
Consultant, USA
Jirair J. Tutunjian
Consultant, Canada
Razmig Mardigian
Dikran Abrahamian MD
Circulation, Canada
Circulation: 10,000 (Armenians), 4,000 (non-Armenians)
Keghart Library
Or read online here.
Philosophers' Abode
Shara the Glutton
Apostle Matthew's Grave
The Armenian Arbiter
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text:
Q: Breaking changes in Rails 4 JSON rendering? I started a new app atop Rails 4 and I've noticed what seems to be a breaking change in how JSON rendering is implemented by default, but I can't find it written up anywhere so I was wondering if anyone can give me some insight on (1) whether the API has actually changed and (2) how I can obtain the behavior that I need (namely, the old behavior).
In particular, what I'm seeing is that, where in Rails 3
@answer.as_json

...would return...
{
  id: 1,
  body: "lorem ipsum..."
  ....
}

in Rails 4 it seems that the same method is returning:
{
  'answer':
    {
      id: 1,
      body: "lorem ipsum..."
      ...
    }
}

Can anyone else confirm that this behavior has changed? Is there any way to get the old behavior back short of overriding as_json for every model?
This new implementation is making it more cumbersome to return JSON responses containing multiple models (which now would either have to be done with a hash merge in the "render :json ..." call in the controller action or by overriding as_json).

A: There is an option ActiveRecord::Base.include_root_in_json that controls the top-level behaviour of as_json method. The name is self-explanatory, I guess.
As for a breaking API change: If you dig into the source, you can see that the default value for this option was changed to true in Rails 4.0.0.beta1 but later it was reverted to false in Rails 4.0.0.rc1.
If you want to be sure that JSON will not contain root node, specify include_root_in_json option in config/initializers/wrap_parameters.rb:
ActiveSupport.on_load(:active_record) do
  self.include_root_in_json = false
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I missed it by minutes.
Honda were performing a TV ad live tonight on Channel 4 - a first for British TV. The ad was due to feature a team of skydivers leaping out of a plane over Madrid, as part of their latest "Difficult is worth doing" campaign.
Great idea. I wonder how they got on. I couldn't find it on youtube but I maybe I'll give them an hour or two to upload it.
More info at Guardian.co.uk - where I also stole this picture above from.
Here's my take on it - I have to admit it was pretty breath-taking . . .
hi Tamsin, thanks for that. Love that idea that we generally watch tv shows and are exposed to ads, while in this case you were exposed to the tv show cause you wanted to see the ad. Last time people did that was probably the Levi's ads of the 80/90s?


This book contains more than 200 supplications from the Qur'an and Hadith in Arabic for daily reading, along with their transliteration, translation, and commentary in English. The commentary explains historic background, meanings, merits, and special significance of the supplications in question.
This book contains more than 200 supplications from the Qur'an and Hadith in Arabic for daily reading, along with their transliteration, translation, and commentary in English. The commentary explains historic background, meanings, merits, and special significance of the supplications in question. This selection was originally compiled by Mawlana Ashraf Ali Thanawi under the title Munajaat-e-Maqbul. Like his Bihishti Zewar (Heavenly Ornaments), it has been very popular in the countries of the Indian subcontinent, where it has become a household name. This edition aims at making it accessible to the English-speaking world.


text:
Live Casino / Software / Pragmatic Play / Pragmatic Play creates a new slot
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Oh my gosh, I made this last week for a fancy dinner party with my boyfriend, and it was AMAZING. The sauce was a little thick, but it was a quick fix to add more almond milk. Also, I added some spinach, tomato basil seasoning. Next time I would leave out some of the vegan parmesan, because it added a little too much of the fake cheese taste.
SO GOOD, though. So good. We ate up every bite and passed out in a pasta coma, it was awesome.
Overall, its a yummy recipe. I thought that it was way too buttery and a little too thick. But, I did double everything in the recipe to make more of the sauce. So, next time, I would remove a Tbs of butter and add just a little more soymilk or water to make it thinner.
My boyfriend absolutely loved and claims that its the best vegan Alfredo sauce that has ever been made!


text:
Corrs.de > News > The Corrs > Jetzt geht es richtig los
Jetzt geht es richtig los
(TheCorrsWebsite.com) – From the 29th March "Summer Sunshine",
from the band's forthcoming new album, will start to hit your radios,
followed closely behind by the new video, all leading up to the singles
release in mid April.
With all the new activity around the single and album release
(not to mention the upcoming tour) the band has kicked into high gear.
In the last two weeks the band has been shooting the covers of
the approaching single and album with French photographer Patrick
Ibanez. They also shot the video you will be seeing soon at Shepperton
studios in London with renowned video director Kevin Godley.
As if that wasn't enough they have also been rehearsing and
recording an acoustic set of some songs from the new album with their
long time musicians Keith Duffy and Anthony Drennan, which sounded
Lastly, they have been doing a ton of press including an EPK
(that's an electronic press kit to you and me) that we are hoping to
put on the website. They then had just a day or two off before Andrea
and Sharon flew to Munich for a day with the Press and then onto
Hamburg for more of the same while Caroline and Jim did 15 phone calls
each to various newspapers and radio stations around the world from
Canada to Korea.


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Task templates enable you to save templates which can be scheduled automatically in the Auto Task screen.
Use templates for repeated tasks that shall be generated automatically such as check-in procedure, check out cleaning, etc.
Task template creation is under listing → tasks and can be attached to only one listing.
What is automation upon task completion?
Automation upon task completion enables you to automate actions you would like executed when a task is completed, with a goal of saving you time otherwise spent on manual work one would have to perform after a task (e.g. setting cleaning status to 'clean' or sending an email/SMS to a task supervisor to notify them of task completion).
In order to add automation, open the relevant task template and add the required automation.
Update cleaning status to clean.
Send a message (SMS/email) to the guest.
Send a message (SMS/email) to a team member.
To learn more about how to create and edit task.


Separately in a plastic or steel bowl put meat and add yogurt, ginger, garlic, lemon juice and Kisan Mutton Handi Recipe Mix. Mix well and marinate for one hour to marinate.
Heat Kisan ghee / oil, add tomatoes, keep stirring and cook on low flame till tomatoes water almost dries.
Add the marinated meat to the tomatoes gravy with 1-2 glasses of water. Cook on low flame till the meat is tender and the gravy leaves the oil. Now add butter and keep stirring. When the gravy is also fried, add cream and immediately remove from flame.
Delicious Mutton Handi is ready.
Serve hot with naan, chapati or taftan.
Copyright © 2011 Kisan Food. All Rights Reserved.


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text:
Los Olivos, CA
AARP Events Around Los Olivos
Displays the list by events nearest to the center of Los Olivos.
AARP CA: DLV (District Liaison Volunteer) Virtual Recruitment
Tuesday, Jan 18, 2022 at 2:00 p.m.
Zoom | Link Will Be Provided Before the Event
Wednesday, Jan 19, 2022 at 10:00 a.m.
AARP CA: Downsizing and Decluttering
Wednesday, Jan 19, 2022 at 2:00 p.m. Pacific Time
View More Featured
AARP Los Angeles Soul Steppers Walking Group
Tuesday, Jan 25, 2022 at 6:00 a.m. Pacific Time
Prepare to Care Workshop: Creating a Plan
Tuesday, Feb 8, 2022 at 6:00 a.m. Pacific Time
Healthy Living for Your Brain and Body, 02.16.22
Wednesday, Feb 16, 2022 at 2:00 p.m. Pacific Time
Zoom: Link Will be Provided
Tuesday, Feb 22, 2022 at 6:00 a.m. Pacific Time
Tuesday, Mar 8, 2022 at 6:00 a.m. Pacific Time
Tuesday, Mar 22, 2022 at 6:00 a.m. Pacific Time
Tuesday, Apr 12, 2022 at 6:00 a.m. Pacific Time
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Tuesday, Jun 14, 2022 at 6:00 a.m. Pacific Time
Tuesday, Jul 12, 2022 at 6:00 a.m. Pacific Time
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Tuesday, Aug 23, 2022 at 6:00 a.m. Pacific Time
Tuesday, Sep 13, 2022 at 6:00 a.m. Pacific Time
Tuesday, Oct 11, 2022 at 6:00 a.m. Pacific Time
Tuesday, Nov 1, 2022 at 6:00 a.m. Pacific Time
AARP CA Jump Start Your Job Search Workshop, San Diego, CA 1/20/2022
Thursday, Jan 20, 2022 at 10:00 a.m. Pacific Time
Straighten Up with Ergonomics
Monday, Jan 24, 2022 at 7:00 p.m. Eastern Time
Exercise: Restorative Yoga by D.O.S.E
AARP Smart Driver Courses Around Los Olivos
More from AARP in Los Olivos
Los Olivos Happenings | Upcoming AARP Events | About AARP
AARP in California
How and Where to Get COVID-19 Vaccines and Boosters in California
A guide to where, when and how to get a COVID-19 vaccine or booster.
Reforms Bring Greater Oversight, Accountability for California Nursing Homes
California nursing homes will contend with greater scrutiny this year under a new set of reforms aimed at increased…
How to Vote in California's 2022 Elections
All registered voters can request a no-excuse mail-in ballot and vote from home for the primary and general election
Los Olivos Happenings
An ally on the issues that matter most to you in Los Olivos


text:
Q: Django FormPreview: Save form data to database Probably a simple question but having trouble implementing a form preview page using django-formtools. I've configured everything per the docs. I'm stuck on what to add to the done() method to save the data to db.
forms.py
class JobForm(ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Job
        fields = ('title', 'category', 'company', 'website',    'description',)

class JobFormPreview(FormPreview):
    def done(self, request, cleaned_data):
        # add what here to save form data as object?
        return HttpResponseRedirect('/success')

urls.py
...
url(r'^jobs/new/$',
    JobFormPreview(JobForm),
    name='job_form'),
...

Using the default templates. The form and preview both render fine, but obviously data doesn't save on submit. Tried self.form.save() per this answer but get an error save() missing 1 required positional argument: 'self'.
I appreciate any guidance.

A: Looking at the formtools code, it looks as if self.form is the form class, not the validated form instance. Therefore self.form.save() will not work. I've removed the suggestion to call self.form.save() from the linked answer.
I can't see a straight forward way to access the validated form in the done method. I suggest that you create the instance using the cleaned_data instead:
class JobFormPreview(FormPreview):
    def done(self, request, cleaned_data):
        job = Job.objects.create(**cleaned_data)
        return HttpResponseRedirect('/success')


text:
Félix Vicq d'Azyr (ou Vicq-d'Azyr selon les sources), né le  à Valognes et mort le  (2 messidor an II) à Paris, sous les toits du palais du Louvre où il résidait, est un médecin, anatomiste et naturaliste français. Il est considéré comme le fondateur de l'anatomie comparée et à l'origine de la théorie de l'homologie en biologie. Il est célèbre pour avoir été le médecin de la reine Marie-Antoinette. Il est à l'origine de la fondation de la Société royale de Médecine officiellement créée en 1778, afin de suivre et de prévenir  les épidémies. On lui doit aussi d'importantes découvertes en neuroanatomie, notamment celle d'un faisceau reliant les corps mamillaires aux noyaux antérieur du thalamus, diverses structures cérébrales impliquées dans la mémoire, qui porte son nom (faisceau mamillo-thalamique de Vicq d'Azir). Il se montre critique à l'égard de la fumigation, très en vogue au .

Famille
Il est le fils de Félix Vicq, médecin établi à Valognes, et de Catherine Le Chevalier.

Le 11 janvier 1779, il se marie en l'église Saint-Sulpice de Paris avec Louise-Françoise Lenoir (1752-1782), fille d'Eugène-Thibault Lenoir, huissier audiencier au Châtelet, et Marie-Hyacinthe Houlette-Dumesnil. Mme Lenoir était veuve en premières noces d'Etienne Bouttevillain de la Ferté, huissier commissaire-priseur au Châtelet, et mère de Marie-Thérèse-Adélaïde Bouttevillain de la Ferté, épouse Edme Louis Daubenton (1730-1785), et de Pierre-Etienne Bouttevillain de la Ferté.

Un médecin célèbre du
Vicq d'Azyr devient lui-même un médecin brillant et un spécialiste renommé de l'anatomie animale et humaine. Arrivé à Paris en 1765, il se livre à l'étude des différentes branches des sciences physiques et naturelles, de l'anatomie comparée, qu'il enseigne à partir de 1773 au Jardin des plantes, à l'amphithéâtre des écoles de médecine, alors qu'il n'est encore que simple licencié. Choisi par Antoine Petit pour lui succéder dans la chaire d'anatomie du Jardin des plantes, il se voit évincé par suite d'intrigues. Loin de se décourager, il ouvre des cours particuliers, dans lesquels il se propose d'éclairer l'anatomie et la physiologie humaines par la comparaison des mêmes organes et des mêmes fonctions chez les animaux, conception éminemment philosophique qu'il reproduit dans l'Encyclopédie méthodique, et dans un Traité dont il n'a pu donner que la première partie.

Son mariage en 1779 avec une cousine de Louis Jean Marie Daubenton lui crée des relations parmi les célébrités scientifiques du temps. L'Académie des Sciences, dont il enrichit les mémoires de recherches nouvelles sur des animaux étrangers, lui ouvre ses portes en 1774. L'année suivante, il est chargé d'aller étudier les causes de l'épizootie qui touche les provinces méridionales ; une société est créée, sous son impulsion, pour l'étude des maladies épidémiques. C'est de là que sort en 1778 la Société royale de médecine, qu'il fonde avec Lassone (1717-1788) et dont les travaux s'étendent bientôt à toutes les branches des sciences médicales et spécialement à la topographie médicale et à l'hygiène publique, connaissances jusqu'alors négligées. En 1778, il traduit en français l' de  (1774). Élu secrétaire perpétuel de la Société royale de médecine, il se retrouve en butte aux pamphlets et aux attaques passionnées de la faculté, qui voit avec déplaisir s'élever une institution rivale. Il devient pour autant membre de la Société royale d'agriculture de Paris en 1784. Cette nomination lui permet cependant d'être logé au palais du Louvre.

Il est chargé par arrêt du Conseil d'État de concevoir un questionnaire sur les problèmes d'épidémies et d'épizootie destiné à tous les médecins de province. Plus de 150 médecins de province y répondront. Ces documents conservés à l'Académie de médecine sont une source primordiale pour étudier, entre autres, les maladies régnantes et l'hygiène publique à cette époque. Il compilera sur seize années un grand nombre d'informations variées sur les maladies, les médecins, les ressources économiques et alimentaires, les conditions climatiques  etc. Le travail de compilation et d'organisation de l'information sera poursuivi dans son Instruction sur la manière d'inventorier et de conserver, dans toute l'étendue de la République, tous les objets qui peuvent servir aux arts, aux sciences et à l'enseignement (1794), rédigée dans le cadre des saisies sous la Révolution pour la Commission temporaire des arts. Dans celle-ci, il propose un codage alphanumérique de tous les objets saisis. Les relevés d'observation météorologique recueillis dans le cadre de ces enquêtes sont d'un apport précieux pour la connaissance du climat en France sur la période 1778 -1794. Ils ont été numérisés dans le cadre du projet ANR CHEDAR,

Sa fonction exigeant de lui qu'il rédige l'éloge de ses collègues, le grand talent avec lequel il s'acquitte de cette tâche lui vaut d'être élu à l'Académie française en 1788 au siège de Buffon. Il est le premier médecin fait académicien par le suffrage de l'Académie elle-même.

Il fut également professeur d'anatomie comparée à l'École royale vétérinaire d'Alfort, créée par Bourgelat en 1766, ainsi que surintendant des épidémies. Durant la Constituante en 1790, il est chargé de rédiger un Nouveau Plan de constitution pour la médecine de France. Il fréquente alors assidûment le salon de Madame de Flahaut. Durant la Terreur, sa qualité de premier médecin de la reine Marie-Antoinette en 1789 et de médecin consultant de Louis XVI lui fera craindre pour sa vie, malgré son ouverture aux idées de la Révolution au côté de son ami Condorcet. Suspecté de trahison, il est menacé de mort par Couthon mais sera protégé par Fourcroy, qu'il avait soutenu pendant ses études.

Il est considéré comme l'un des grands précurseurs de l'anatomie comparée. Il fut parmi les premiers à utiliser les sections coronales du cerveau et à employer l'alcool afin de faciliter la dissection. Il a donné, en 1786, une description du locus cœruleus et de la bande de Vicq-d'Azir, un système de fibres situé entre la couche granulaire externe et la couche pyramidale externe du cortex cérébral, ainsi que du faisceau mamillo-thalamique qui porte son nom. Toutes ses études des circonvolutions cérébrales sont devenues des classiques et il fut parmi les premiers neuroanatomistes à dénommer les gyri. Il a également étudié les noyaux gris profonds du cerveau et le système limbique à la base du cerveau.

Malesherbes et Turgot furent de ses amis et Desgenettes fut son étudiant.

Il est mort d'une pneumonie, vraisemblablement tuberculeuse, peu après avoir assisté à la fête de l'Être suprême en 1794.

Hommage
 Rue Vicq-d'Azir (Paris)
 École Vicq-d'Azir (Paris)
 Place Vicq-d'Azir (Valognes)

Œuvres et publications
 Observations sur les moyens que l'on peut employer pour préserver les animaux sains de la contagion et pour en arrêter les progrès, Bordeaux : Impr. de M. Racle, 1774, in-12, 108 p.
 Instructions sur la manière de désinfecter les cuirs des bestiaux morts de l'épizootie et de les rendre propres à être travaillés dans les tanneries sans y porter la contagion, Paris : Impr. royale, 1775, in-4°, 6 p., et Lille : Impr. de N.-J.-B. Peterinck-Cramé, 1775, in-4°, 4 p, Texte intégral.
 Recueil d'observations sur les différentes méthodes proposées pour guérir la maladie épidémique qui attaque les bêtes à cornes, sur les moyens de la reconnaître par-tout où elle se pourra manifester, et sur la manière de désinfecter les étables, Paris : Impr. royale, 1775, in-4°, 35 p.
 Exposé des moyens curatifs et préservatifs qui peuvent être employés contre les maladies pestilentielles des bêtes à cornes, divisé en trois parties [La première contient les moyens curatifs. On y compare les maladies des hommes avec celles des bestiaux. La seconde renferme les moyens préservatifs. La troisième comprend les ordres émanés du Gouvernement : on y a joint les principaux édits et règlemens de Pays-Bas, relativement à la maladie épizootique, et le mandement de , sur le même sujet. Publié par ordre du Roi], Mérigot l'aîné (Paris), 1776, in-8°, XVI-728 p., Texte intégral.
 Nouveau plan de conduite pour détruire entièrement la maladie épizootique, Paris, et Lille : Impr. de N.-J.-B. Peterinck-Cramé, , in-4°, 4 p.
 La médecine des bêtes à cornes, publiée par ordre du gouvernement, Paris, 1781, 2 vol. in-8° (recueil de ses travaux sur les épizooties).
 Rapport fait par ordre du Gouvernement, sur un Mémoire contenant la Méthode employée par feu M. Doulcet, Docteur Régent de la Faculté de Médecine de Paris, dans le traitement d'une maladie qui attaque les femmes en couche et que l'on connaît sous le nom de fièvre puerpérale, Ph.-D. Pierre (Paris), 1782, Texte intégral.
 Traité d'anatomie et de physiologie, avec des planches colorées représentant au naturel les divers organes de l'homme et des animaux, Impr. de Franç. Amb. Didot l'aîné, et chez  Huzard (Paris), 1786, grand in-folio, [8]-123-3]-111 p. :
 tome premier, Texte intégral.
 tome second, Texte intégral.
 Éloge historique du médecin Girod, J.F. Couché (Besançon), 1785, Texte intégral.
 Discours prononcés dans l'Académie françoise le jeudi , à la réception de M. Vicq d'Azyr, avec la réponse de Jean-François de Saint-Lambert(1716-1803) directeur de l'Académie, Demonville (Paris), 1788, .
 Nouveau plan de constitution pour la médecine en France, présenté à l'Assemblée nationale par la Société royale de Médecine de Paris, 1790, Texte intégral.
 Instruction sur le traitement de la fièvre miliaire, qui est épidémique dans le Département de l'Oise, [Imprimerie Desjardin (Beauvais)], [1791], Texte intégral.
 Instruction sur la manière d'inventorier et de conserver, dans toute l'étendue de la République, tous les objets qui peuvent servir aux arts, aux sciences, et à l'enseignement, proposée par la Commission temporaire des arts, et adoptée par le Comité d'instruction publique de la Convention nationale, Paris, 1793-1794, Texte intégral.

En collaboration
 avec Jacques-Louis Moreau, Médecine : contenant : 1° l'hygiène, 2° la pathologie, 3° la séméiotique et la nosologie, 4° la thérapeutique ou matière médicale, 5° la médecine militaire, 6° la médecine vétérinaire, 7° la médecine légale, 8° la jurisprudence de la médecine et de la pharmacie, 9° la biographie médicale…, mise en ordre et publiée par M. Vicq d'Azyr et continuée par M. Moreau, Paris : Panckoucke,  Agasse, et Liège : Plamtoux, 1787-1830, 13 vol. in-4°, Texte intégral en ligne.
 Ses Œuvres complètes en 7 volumes dont un in-quarto de planches ont été publiées en 1805 par Moreau de la Sarthe chez L. Duprat-Duverger :
 tome premier ;
 tome deuxième ;
 tome troisième ;
 tome quatrième ;
 tome cinquième ;
 tome sixième ;
 planches pour les œuvres de Vicq d'Azyr ;
 avec Linné, Carl von (1707-1778); Mouton-Fontenille de La Clotte, Marie-Jacques-Philippe (1769-1837), Linné françois, ou Tableau du règne végétal d'après les principes et le texte de cet illustre naturaliste, chez Auguste Seguin, libraire (Montpellier), 1809.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie
 Nouvelle Biographie générale, 1866, t. 46, c. 89-91.
 Éloge de Félix Vicq d'Azir, suivi d'un Précis des travaux anatomiques et physiologiques de ce célèbre médecin, présenté à l'Institut Jacques-Louis Moreau, Laurens (Paris), 1798, .
 Béatrice Bach-Lijour, « Vicq d'Azyr et l'épizootie de 1774 dans le sud-ouest de la France [d'après un mémoire de DEA sur ce même sujet] », in R. Durand (éd.), L'Homme, l'animal domestique et l'environnement, du Moyen Âge au , Nantes : Ouest-Éditions, 1993, .
 Cécile Cavrot, La participation d'un académicien, F. Vicq d'Azyr, à la résolution de l'épizootie de 1774, Nantes : thèse doct. vétérinaire, 1999, 199 p.
 Pascale le Bellais, Le temps des foudres, Publishroom factory, 2020,
 Rafael Mandressi, Félix Vicq d'Azyr : l'anatomie, l'État, la médecine, 2006 (en ligne avec le texte intégral d'une quarantaine d'ouvrages de Vicq d'Azyr).
 Paul Mazliak, Félix Vicq d'Azyr. Créateur révolutionnaire de l'anatomie comparée, Hermann éditeur (collection Histoire des sciences), Paris, 2017 ; 198 p.
Jean-Jacques Peumery, « Vicq d'Azyr et la Révolution française », in : Histoire des sciences médicales, 2001, 35 (3), , Texte intégral.
Yves Pouliquen, Félix Vicq d'Azyr, les Lumières et la Révolution, Paris : Odile Jacob, coll. « Histoire », , 240 p. .
 Yves Pouliquen, « Félix Vicq d'Azyr, médecin de Marie-Antoinette », Document audio en ligne.
 Florian Reynaud, Les bêtes à cornes (ou l'élevage bovin) dans la littérature agronomique de 1700 à 1850, Caen : thèse de doctorat en histoire, 2009, annexe 2 (publications) et annexe 22 (biographie) (ressources en ligne).
 Stéphane Schmitt, « From Physiology to Classification: Comparative Anatomy and Vicq d'Azyr's Plan of Reform for Life Sciences and Medicine (1774-1794) », Science in Context, vol. 22 (2), 2009, .
 Pierre Thillaud: « Vicq d'Azyr (1748-1794). Anatomie d'une élection », in : Histoire des sciences médicales, 1986, 20 (3), , Texte intégral.
 François Vallat, « Félix Vicq D'Azyr et l'épizootie de 1774-1776 », in : Bull.Soc.Hist.Méd.Sci.Vét., 2007, 7 : 127-140, Texte intégral.

Liens externes

 « Félix Vicq d'Azyr : l'anatomie, l'État, la médecine » dossier complet par Rafael Mandressi, dans le site de la Biu Santé.
 Félix Vicq d'Azyr dans la Banque d'images et de portraits de la Biu Santé.
 Félix Vicq d'Azyr dans le site du Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques.
 Œuvres numérisées de Félix Vicq d'Azyr dans le site Internet Archive.
 Œuvres numérisées de Félix Vicq d'Azyr dans le site Europeana.
 Œuvres numérisées de Félix Vicq d'Azyr dans le site The Oneline Books.

Médecin français du XVIIIe siècle
Anatomiste français
Neuroanatomiste français
Biologiste français
Membre de l'Académie française
Membre de l'Académie des sciences (France)
Membre de la Société philomathique de Paris
Personnalité liée à la région Normandie
Collaborateur de l'Encyclopédie méthodique
Naissance en avril 1748
Naissance à Valognes
Décès en juin 1794
Décès à Paris
Mort d'une pneumonie
Décès à 46 ans

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


HAVERFORD, Pa. – Franklin & Marshall fell to Haverford by a 65-46 tally in Centennial Conference (CC) women's basketball action on Tuesday evening. Three three-pointers from Haley Pilone reset the program mark for career three-pointers made at 179, passing Dana Johns '06 (178).
The Diplomats dropped to 1-4, 0-2 CC while the Fords remained undefeated at 5-0, 2-0 CC.
Two layups from Kenna Williams evened the score at 4-4 with 7:32 left in the first quarter. A free throw from Sarosha Parsons followed by a Sarah Pisani three-pointer gave the Diplomats a four-point edge with four minutes left, but a 5-0 run from Haverford gave the Fords a 17-12 lead at the end of the quarter.
A Maia Lockhart layup stopped a seven-point run for Haverford to start the second quarter, bringing F&M within 10. Lindsey Powers notched a layup to decrease the deficit to eight with 7:12 left in the half. Alisyn Narracci tacked on two free throws with three minutes left in the half, but the Fords kept the momentum to take a 40-20 lead going into the break.
Pilone got in on the action in the second half with two three-pointers to bring the score to 47-26 with 7:10 left in the third. Parsons tallied the final points of the quarter, knocking down two free throws to decrease the deficit to 18 going into the final period.
The Diplomats opened the fourth quarter with four unanswered points to come within 14. Williams delivered seven points in the fourth quarter while Pilone drilled a three-pointer with 36 seconds left to reset the program record.
F&M held a 29-26 advantage on the boards. Williams notched her third double-double of the season with 14 points and 11 rebounds, going 6-for-8 from the free throw line. Pisani tallied her third-straight game with double-digit points, recording 10 points and three assists.
The Diplomats travel to Swarthmore on Saturday for a 1:00 p.m. contest.


Painting Services Gold Coast call us on 0403311125 today!
. Are you looking for your house, unit, commercial building or recreational area to be repainted? Well repaintpro is your local painting services on the Gold Coast. We can provide the painting service you need for any surface, interior or exterior.
The Gold Coast is a growing city and with new shopping centres, residential areas and more going in they are needing more painting services. Here at Repaintpro we can paint all sorts of surfaces that may need to be repainted or freshly painted.
When it comes to choosing the right painting service it is always good to know who you are trusting to paint your commercial building, house or recreational area. Someone who doesn't know what they are doing could miss a very important step or not produce the quality of work they promised, and this will mean you will need to find a new painting service to come in a fix the job. The best way to know who you are hiring is to look at their reviews, ask for references or ask people you know who have used the same company.
Repaintpro is a family owned business that have been working on the Gold Coast for over 20 years now. We receive many calls each year regarding a painting service and our customers are always extremely satisfied with the quality of work we put into our jobs. Were you painting service is required isn't an issue we do work all over the Gold Coast, from Coomera, Nerang, Worongary, Robina, Mudgeeraba, and all the way down to Coolangatta.
As we said before we do all sorts of Painting Services Gold Coast, from the interior and exterior or house to the interior and exterior of shopping centres and other commercial buildings. We also do recreational areas like carparks and recreational activity centres.
So, give us a call or an email today and we can come out and quote your job for free! Trust your local Gold Coast panting service to get the job done.


3 Ways To Warm Up Your Home This Fall.
If you're like me, you love the fall season. Crisp mornings, beautiful color, what's not to love! Even in sunny, southern California we've been waking up to chilly mornings and having cool temperatures throughout the day. It's the time of year that makes you want to wear comfy sweaters and boots and enjoy the cool outdoors. It's also the perfect time to bring those rich colors and textures inside to warm up your home while the outdoor temperatures drop.
Three easy ways to warm up your home.
#1. Bring in the color: Think deep russets, mellow oranges, soft yellows and rich browns. Get your inspiration from nature.
Furnishings in orange hues can create a, cozy atmosphere year round.
Color accents on the back of book shelves or ceilings also add a cozy feel.
#2. Add in the texture with throw blankets and pillows: Soft nubby knits or faux furs make the best warm and cozy additions.
Create a warm, cozy corner with layered pillows and throws.
Texture, texture, texture! Add a nubby blanket like this to your collection.
Adding a basket of blankets is a great way to add color and texture to any space.
#3. Light a fire: Nothing is cozier than a warm fire in a fireplace on a chilly day or lit groupings of wonderfully scented candles.
Create cozy spaces in your home. Who wouldn't want to curl up here?
This trio of pumpkin spice candles makes the whole house smell great.
Even in Southern California, the change of seasons provides new opportunities to change up your decor. I find that nature is always the best inspiration. Let's discuss how to bring more warmth and coziness into your home.
Alicia Paley Home Interiors ©2015. All photos credited.
You're an Interior Designer? How fun!
Such beautiful colors! I wish autumn would come to south Louisiana!
I so enjoyed your blog post. Autumn colors are my favorite!
Color is a great way to add a little fall here in Florida. I like to layer in some orange accents.
Love all the pumpkin tones. Beautiful!
My favourite time of year and colour palette! Beautifully presented!
These colors are very warming! What great examples and tips!
Wonderful advice! I never get to decorate the house for Autumn but I think I will now, after reading this wonderful post!
beautiful colors and photos, love this fall inspiration!


"Composure" is an exhibition of photographs by Dan Roche that capture moments of pause, concentration, single-mindedness, meditation. Dan Roche is chair of the Communication & Film Studies Department at Le Moyne, where he teaches classes in journalism, nonfiction writing, and multimedia storytelling.
On Friday, September 9, from 4 to 6 p.m., there will be an opening reception for the exhibit, which will be on display at the Wilson Art Gallery from September 9 – 30 during regular library hours. The reception and exhibit are free and open to the public.


Energy efficiency projects can only be recognized at their fair value if their impacts are measured and verified. The IPMVP defines a standardized approach to verify the savings of energy performance improvement projects. Measuring is required for a reliable determination of the actual savings generated by a given site. The IPMVP provides advice on the compromise between the measuring precision required and the associated costs. The IPMVP helps the parties involved in a performance contract to create appropriate contract terms concern-ing verification of the savings generated by a project. It supports the projects carried out by Energy Service Companies (ESCO) through international recognition of the way energy savings are verified.
The IPMVP emerges from the Efficiency Valuation Organization, an international non-profit organization run by volunteers all over the world, with an administrative -headquarters based in Sofia, Bulgaria. The Association of Energy Engineers based in the United States has adopted the IPMVP and provides training and certification to professionals who have taken the course and passed the examination to become a Certified Measurement and Verification Professional. The Association québécoise pour la maîtrise de l'énergie promotes and -organizes the training.
The IPMVP's rigorous approach requires measuring and verification (M&V) to determine reliably the actual savings generated by implementation of energy efficiency measures (EEM). The savings are determined by comparing the consumption measured before and after implementation of the EEM, while making appropriate adjustments to account for changes in conditions.
The IPMVP offers four options to determine the savings. The chosen option has an impact on the measuring. They offer a range of methods to evaluate the energy savings depending on the type of EEM implemented and the desired balance between precision and cost. A technique for isolating the changes is appropriate in the event that only the EEM performance must be evaluated. Options A, B or D thus may be chosen and are smaller in scale than if the entire site must be measured (options C or D). Table 1 gives an overview of the four options.
The savings are determined by measuring the main parameters, which define energy consumption of the systems affected by EEM.
Continuous or short-term measuring of the main operating parameters.
Estimated values. Periodic and non-periodic adjustments if required.
Improvement of a system with little variation in power. The power is measured before and after the EEM and the number of hours is estimated and based on operating system of the building. Example: replacement of a lighting system.
The savings are determined by measuring the energy consumption of all the parameters of the systems affected by EEM.
The savings are determined by measuring energy consumption for the entire site or a subsite.
Continuous measuring during the monitoring period. Analysis of data for the monitoring period and the reference base for the entire system.
Periodic and non-periodic adjustments if required. Several systems on a site. Measuring of energy with the energy providers' meters for a 12-month reference base and during the monitoring period. Example: Several EEM in modernization of a building.
The savings are determined by simulation of energy consumption for the entire site or a subsite.
The simulation routines are shown to model the energy performance measured on the site suitably. Install meters and gather the actual and measured energy consumption data from the modernized site.
Simulate the annual energy consumption of the site with the EEM by computer.
Compare the simulated and actual energy consumption. Adjust the simulation until the differences are minimal. The simulation is now calibrated.
Remove the EEM from the calibrated simulation and recalculate. This estimated result becomes the reference base. Energy management program with several facts, affecting several systems on the site where no meter existed during the reference base period. Example: Modernization of a pavillion on the campus where the meters are centralized.
Several variants of this equation are devel-oped in the IPMVP. Demand can be substituted for consumption. Adjustments can be periodic and non-periodic. The reference base can also be changed: consumption for the monitoring period and for the reference base can be adjusted from their actual conditions to the common conditions selected. Mathematical models then are required to account for the adjustments. For each of the four options described in the table, savings forms have been developed. For more details, consult the references.
Purpose of EEM: describe the EEM, the expected results and the commissioning procedures. Identify any changes fore-seen in the reference base conditions: temperature, humidity, occupancy rate, etc.
The IPMVP option described in the table and the measuring limits.
Reference base: consumption, demand, operating conditions, energy audit.
Monitoring period: can be as short as an instant measurement or as long as the return on investment period.
Adjustments: define all of the conditions to which all the energy consumption measurements will be adjusted.
Analysis procedures: specify the exact data analysis procedures, the algorithms and the assumptions to use for each savings monitoring report. Define the mathematical models used, their terms and the variables.
Energy prices: identify the prices that will be used to evaluate the monetary savings.
Meter features: specify the measuring points, the period, the duration, the measuring presence protocol, the calibration procedures, the data processing method, etc.
Responsibility for monitoring and record-ing of energy data, the variables, the static factors.
Expected precision related to measuring, data capture, data collection and analysis, the measurement uncertainty level.
Budget to define and resources required to determine the savings.
Report format with a model.
Quality warranty: indicate the quality assurance procedures for the savings monitoring reports and interim acti-vities.
For energy and atmospheric certification of LEED buildings, a credit is allocated to verify and optimize the building's performance continuously with the IPMVP. Within the context of the carbon market, the ISO-14064 standard recognizes projects set up and monitoring according to the IPMVP to quantify the GHG reduction.
The IPMVP is a framework of definitions and methods to evaluate consumption savings or energy demand correctly. The IPMVP guides the users in the development of the M & V plans, while allowing the necessary flexibility to be precise, complete, conservative, consistent, relevant and trans-parent. The IPMVP gives energy saving projects the required credibility and ensures that the savings are recognized at their fair value because they will have been measured and verified.


Geomorphology plays an important role in understanding the interaction between human activities and the changing landforms of our rivers, estuaries, coasts and offshore areas.
To help our clients make informed decisions in these sensitive and dynamic environments, Royal HaskoningDHV has established a dedicated geomorphology team.
The team draws upon substantial expertise and experience to provide applied geomorphological services to a wide range of projects.


Sharan Burrow is the General Secretary, International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC). She is also a High Level Advisory Committee Member of the Climate Justice Dialogue. The Climate Justice Dialogue is a World Resources Institute (WRI) and Mary Robinson Foundation – Climate Justice. Find out more at www.climatejusticedialogue.org.


John Hachmeister received his BFA in painting in 1972 from the University of Kansas and his MA and MFA in 1974 and 1985 from Kansas State University. He has been a professional artist for 26 years. His work has been shown in over 100 venues nationwide, including the Dolphin Gallery in Kansas City, Mo.; the Holter Museum of Art in Helena, Mont.; Galeria Mesa in Mesa, Ariz.; and the Salina Art Center in Salina, Kan. He has presented numerous lectures on his own work and on grassroots environmental art sites.
John co-authored a book, "Backyard Visionaries, Grassroots Art in the Mid-West," and has worked for over a decade to preserve "The Garden of Eden" in Lucas, Kansas, an art site considered one of the top ten most important in the world. He has served on panels at both the College Art Association and the International Iron Art Casting Conferences. He has conducted workshops in metal casting and patination, and has designed and operated both commercial and academic foundries.
40 Years of Making Art.


text:
GoDo
====

Execute a directory of python code following the definition order.

Given a directory structure that looks like such::

    myscripts/
        1-init.gd
        2-run/
            1-stuff-a.gd
            2-stuff-b.gd
        3-finish.gd

GoDo will traverse through this directory running tasks defined in each file.

Tasks are defined as a function decorated with a ``@task`` decorator. Tasks
defined in a file will be executed in the order in which they are defined.

Task Files
----------

Any file ending in .gd will be read and evaluated as a Python source file. Any
function that is decorated by a the ``@task`` decorator will be added to the
list of tasks to execute.

Example ``mytasks.gd``::

    import os

    @task
    def first_task():
        print "Yay going and doing stuff!"

    @task
    def second_task(cfg):
        print "A config option: %s" % cfg["whee"]

Tasks are executed from the same directory where the file that defines them
is located.

Complete task file API:

  * ``@task`` - Decorate a function so that it will be executed.
  * ``cd(path)`` - Used in ``with`` statements to change the working directory.
  * ``run(cmd)`` - Run a shell command checking the return code.
  * ``sudo(cmd)`` - Prepends a command with sudo. Probably won't work if you
    don't use passwordless sudo. Obviously, that should be fixed.

Config Files
------------

By default, GoDo will look in the base execution directory for a ``godo.cfg.py``
file. (The base execution directory is ``./`` unless specified on the command
line). Alternatively you can specify a path. If a config file is found it is
evaluated and passed as a dictionary to any task function that takes an
argument.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
HomemiscHappy Janmashtami Free Vector Art
Happy Janmashtami Free Vector Art
Janmashtami Wishes In Hindi.
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This is expressed as solo or team dancing as well as dramatization occasions at Janmashtami, wherein Krishna relevant structures are sung, songs goes along with the efficiency, while stars and audience share and commemorate the performance by slapping hands to mark the beat. The childhood tricks of Krishna as well as the love affairs of Radha-Krishna are specifically popular. According to Christian Roy and also other scholars, these Radha-Krishna love stories are Hindu significance for the longing as well as love of the human soul for the divine concept and also reality it calls Brahman. Janmashtami is the biggest celebration in the Braj area of north India, in cities such as Mathura where Hindu practice mentions Krishna was birthed, and in Vrindavan where he grew up. Vaishnava areas in these cities in Uttar Pradesh, in addition to others in the state, along with areas in Rajasthan, Delhi, Haryana, Uttarakhand and also Himalayan north celebrate Janmashtami.
At the time, Shutterstock was offered in 20 languages consisting of Thai, Korean, French, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, German, Russian, Chinese, and Japanese. Shutterstock was established in 2003 by American business owner and computer developer Jon Oringer. Take a look at the site happy krishna janmashtami 2019 image. Developing his own online marketplace, Oringer originally uploaded 30,000 of his own stock images and also made them readily available by means of membership, with limitless downloads and also a month-to-month beginning cost of US$ 49. When demand exceeded his photo supply, he began hiring extra factors. In 2006, the firm claimed that it was the "largest subscription-based stock image agency worldwide" with 570,000 photos in its collection.
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They likewise keep vigil as well as fast with the evening, and the complying with day commemorate with family and friends sending them wishes and introductions like the ones below. Krishna Janmashtami is a Hindu celebration that is celebrated with excellent delight in India, and it marks the birth of Krishna, the eighth avatar of Vishnu. According to the Hindu schedule, it is observed on the eighth day of the dark fortnight or on the Ashtami of Krishna Paksha in the month of Shravan.
The company branched into movie in 2006 with the launch of Shutterstock Footage. Shutterstock increased beyond subscriptions into a la carte prices in August 2008, with its "On Demand" solution removing daily download limitations. On the coming before day followers maintain a vigil and fast till twelve o'clock at night, the conventional hr of his birth. After that the picture of Krishna is bathed in water as well as milk, dressed in new clothes, as well as worshipped.
With advancement in-house by Shutterstock Labs, the device "indexes hexagram information to produce search results by color." In July 2014, Shutterstock launched Combination, which permits individuals to add shades to the terms of the search, along with keywords. , developing short articles with his bot was reported to create as much as 10,000 short articles on the Swedish Wikipedia on specific days.
In 2012, Shutterstock launched Shutterstock Labs, a laboratory for "exploratory devices and items." In May 2012, Shutterstock Images LLC revealed the Shutterstock Split second device, which according to the firm was motivated by Shutterstock for iPad. The user interface shows pictures in an interlocking mosaic view, enabling individuals to watch more photos in much less time.
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The procedure of Wikipedia depends upon MediaWiki, a customized, totally free and also open source wiki software application system written in PHP and also built on the MySQL database system. The software includes shows attributes such as a macro language, variables, a transclusion system for templates, and also URL redirection. Check this link right now happy janmashtami video song. MediaWiki is certified under the GNU Public License and it is used by all Wikimedia tasks, as well as many other wiki projects. Initially, Wikipedia operated on UseModWiki created in Perl by Clifford Adams, which at first needed CamelCase for write-up hyperlinks; today dual bracket design was integrated later. Beginning in January 2002, Wikipedia started operating on a PHP wiki engine with a MySQL data source; this software program was personalized for Wikipedia by Magnus Manske.
Researchers from Washington College developed a statistical version to measure systematic predisposition in the behavior of Wikipedia's users relating to questionable topics. The authors concentrated on behavior adjustments of the encyclopedia's administrators after assuming the post, creating that systematic predisposition happened after the truth. Consequently of the open structure, Wikipedia "makes no guarantee of legitimacy" of its web content, considering that no person is inevitably in charge of any type of cases showing up in it.
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The number of readers of Wikipedia worldwide gotten to 365 million at the end of 2009. The Bench Web and American Life task discovered that third of US Web customers got in touch with Wikipedia. In 2011 Business Insider provided Wikipedia an appraisal of $4 billion if it ran promotions. The website additionally includes sex-related content such as photos and video clips of masturbation and also climaxing, pictures of zoophilia, as well as pictures from hardcore x-rated movies in its short articles. Taha Yasseri of the College of Oxford, in 2013, examined the analytical fads of systemic bias at Wikipedia introduced by editing and enhancing conflicts as well as their resolution.
Krishna Janmashtami, likewise recognized simply as Janmashtami or Gokulashtami, is a yearly Hindu festival that commemorates the birth of Krishna, the eighth avatar of Vishnu. It is observed according to the Hindu lunisolar schedule, on the 8th day of the Krishna Paksha in Shraavana or Bhadrapad, which overlaps with August or September of the Gregorian schedule.
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