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Publish, not perish: LGBTQ media confront COVID-19
'At the end of this, we will be stronger than ever'
Scott Stiffler
The March 20 front page of the Los Angeles Blade. (Image courtesy of the Blade)
The LGBTQ media are reeling from the economic fallout of the COVID-19 crisis, as venues remain shuttered and public gatherings are cancelled or postponed in markets across the country.
But those at the helm of several publications say they're determined to keep delivering the news, information, and insight their loyal readership relies on, by shoring up steadfast relationships and cultivating new clients.
"Almost immediately, we got calls to cancel advertising" at the onset of COVID-19, recalls Jan Stevenson, co-publisher and CFO of Pride Source Media Group, whose biweekly LGBTQ print publication, Between The Lines, is normally available for free pickup at over 600 locations throughout the greater Michigan area (see pridesource.com for more info).
The closure of most of their distribution sites, notes Stevenson, led to the decision to publish "only a PDF version of the paper, and to include all the booked ads, except for events that were cancelled, at no charge."
Pride Source, which Stevenson owns alongside her wife, Susan Horowitz, sent a message to advertisers "acknowledging that with everything they are facing, the last thing they need to worry about is their ads with us—so we froze, in place, all contracts, to be revisited when things open up. The response has been overwhelmingly positive, and thankful."
Between the Lines re-established itself as a print publication when the hard copy edition resumed on April 30. Still, says Stevenson, "Michigan's largest Pride celebrations have all been either rescheduled or cancelled. It will result in a huge loss of revenue for our publications. We are conserving our resources now, applying for whatever assistance we can, and hoping to weather the rest of 2020."
Pride month and its perennial attendant revenue "is everything for every gay publication," says Troy Masters, publisher of the Los Angeles Blade (losangelesblade.com), a weekly print publication that, like Between the Lines, is part of the 12-member National LGBT Media Association (nationallgbtmediaassociation.com). "It represents a disproportionate percentage [of annual sales income]," notes Masters.
Says Masters of the postponed LA Pride Festival and Parade and other events: "Events are critical in this market and very popular with potential sponsors, but presently impossible… Asking people to spend money on marketing is very hard, although we have had success talking to our regular clients about collections. We've actually gained a few small ones. A hardware store comes to mind, but we remain down in advertising numbers and revenue."
The Los Angeles Blade has gone down from an average page count of 28-32 to 16-20.
On March 6, anticipating the looming crisis, the paper revised its distribution to focus "on every residence and apartment building on key blocks of West Hollywood, as well as grocery stores we can access," says Masters, who notes the Blade continues to be available via street boxes, albeit only within the West Hollywood area.
Norm Kent, founder/publisher of the South Florida Gay News (southfloridagaynews.com), is similarly determined to forge ahead.
"I will just give you the grim outline," says Kent. "We are facing a disease that is threatening our lives, as well as our livelihoods—and I am more concerned about our community surviving and my friends living than I am my newspaper printing. You can start a paper up again, not a life. So what material losses I endure are inconsequential compared to the friends I may lose."
The advertising revenue lost from the postponement of April's Pride of the Americas festival in Fort Lauderdale and March's Miami Beach Pride and Palm Beach Pride, notes Kent, represents "the balance of our year. So we're going to have to find a way to engage this adversity, with a smaller paper that is laser-focused, understanding that bigger is not always better, and sometimes, less is more."
Last March 24, recalls Kent, "I published one of the largest weekly gay papers in history, at 124 pages. One year later, the paper was 28 pages. But the real losses are being endured by the social service programs that were the intended beneficiaries of those events."
Notes Kent, who left his position as executive director of AIDS Project Florida to found his publication, "I've always cared more about people than profits, and that's why I'm going to use all my resources to tread water in the tides of a rising ocean—and I'm pretty confident, because I'm a good swimmer."
Some silver linings remain, notes Masters, of the Los Angeles Blade. Advertisers including the AIDS Healthcare Foundation, AIDS Project Los Angeles, and the City of West Hollywood, who've been a consistent presence throughout since the paper's 2017 inception, have increased their visibility throughout the COVID-19 crisis, both in print and online.
Stevenson says that online traffic is up significantly, noting, "People obviously want to stay connected, and are concerned about how the pandemic is impacting LGBTQ people and organizations. The other non-pandemic news about LGBTQ issues—like the passage of anti-trans legislation—is getting a lot of traction."
Furthermore, says Stevenson, local health departments wanting to communicate messages about HIV testing and COVID-19 services have come on board, along with several others who've requested banner ads and other online outreach.
That presence sends more than just a message about products and services.
"Our community is especially receptive to seeing that people are supportive," maintains Masters. "That's always true, but in a pandemic that echoes the trauma of the AIDS crisis, it's especially true. We want to know that our gains are important and that we are included."
"There are some real heroes out there in LGBTQ media, like Comcast and [HIV/AIDS treatment provider] Gilead, who are continuing their campaigns in LGBTQ media," says Todd Evans, president and CEO of Rivendell Media (rivendellmedia.com), which places advertisements for the National LGBT Media Association. Together, the association's members — including Boston's Bay Windows and the Dallas Voice— reach an estimated 500,000 weekly print and online readers.
"In a time when the news is dominated by a crisis," notes Evans, "LGBTQ consumers want to know who is supporting us, and who is not.
One big difference with this crisis versus 9/11, Hurricane Sandy, and the financial crisis of 2008/2009, says Evans, is, "We've had virtually no cancelling of ads. I've had a few campaigns that were just ready to start now, so they're delaying, which makes sense. So I think that shows that advertisers are waiting for information—how long we stay at home, how long distribution points are closed."
That said, says Evans, "The community still needs its news. We still want to know who supports us, and who doesn't. I know myself, as a super-consumer of news media, when it comes to the LGBTQ community, I only find out, especially the political stuff, via our own media… I truly feel, at the end of this, that we will be stronger than ever as a community, because we're used to fighting—and we're also used to being under attack."
Related Topics:AHFAIDS Healthcare FoundationAIDS Project FloridaAIDS Project Los AngelesBay WindowsBetween The LinesCity of West HollywoodcoronavirusCOVID-19Dallas VoiceFort LauderdaleGileadHIVJan StevensonLA Pride FestivalLA Pride ParadeLGBTQ mediaLos Angeles BladeMiami Beach PrideNational LGBTQ Media AssociationNorm KentPalm Beach PridePride Source Media GroupRivendell MediaSouth Florida Gay NewsTroy Masters
Nat'l Center for Transgender Equality Action Fund endorses Biden
World Press Freedom Day and #GivingTuesdayNow
Mandates, mandates, and more mandates
D.C. mayor to lift all restrictions on bars, nightclubs on June 11
'We will definitely be celebrating Pride' next month
Mayor Muriel Bowser announced Monday that she will fully lift capacity and other restrictions on most businesses, including restaurants and places of worship, on May 21. (Washington Blade file photo by Michael Key)
D.C. Mayor Muriel Bowser announced at a news conference on Monday that a continuing trend of significantly lower numbers of coronavirus cases and deaths in the city has enabled her to fully lift capacity and other restrictions on most businesses, including restaurants and places of worship, on May 21.
The mayor said bars and nightclubs will be allowed to increase indoor capacity from the current 25 percent to 50 percent on May 21, with all capacity restrictions for bars and nightclubs to be removed on June 11.
The mayor's announcement came after representatives of the city's nightlife businesses, including the city's gay bars and restaurants, expressed concern that D.C. had yet to lift its capacity restrictions beyond 25 percent while surrounding jurisdictions in Maryland and Virginia had already lifted most restrictions.
"On May 21, restrictions on public and commercial activity, including capacity limits, types of activities, and time restrictions, will be lifted," the mayor's directive says.
It says restrictions for bars and nightclubs would continue at a 50 percent capacity from May 21 through June 11. The directive says restrictions for large sports and entertainment venues would also continue from May 21 to June 11, which includes a requirement such events apply for a waiver of the restrictions on a case-by-case basis.
"On June 11, capacity limits and restrictions will be lifted on those venues that cannot fully reopen on May 21," the directive says.
In response to a question at the news conference, Bowser said the June 11 date would essentially end all restrictions on nightclubs and bars, including the current requirement that they close at midnight rather than the pre-epidemic closing times of 2 a.m. on weekdays and 3 a.m. on weekends.
In a development that could have a major impact on plans for D.C.'s LGBTQ Pride events, the mayor's revised health directive announced on Monday includes the lifting of all capacity restrictions on large outdoor and indoor sports and entertainment events beginning on June 11.
That change would remove restrictions that have, up until now, prevented D.C.'s Capital Pride Alliance from holding its annual Pride Parade and Festival in June during Pride Month.
Capital Pride Executive Director Ryan Bos told the Washington Blade shortly after the mayor's announcement that Capital Pride is assessing its options for expanding its current plans for in-person events in June.
"We will definitely be celebrating Pride in June," Bos said. "We just received this information as well. So, we will be getting further information," he said. "We have not been informed that they will be issuing any permits yet, so at this time we are moving forward with our original plans for doing things."
Bos was referring to a city requirement for obtaining permits for street closings and use of other public spaces for events such as a parade or street festival. He said existing plans, among other things, call for an informal parade of cars and other vehicles on June 12 that will drive throughout the city to view homes and businesses that will be decorated with Pride displays such as signs, photos, and other symbols of Pride.
Those familiar with the city's past Pride events don't think there will be enough time for Capital Pride to organize the traditional large parade and street festival in time for June. But Capital Pride officials have talked about holding a possible parade and festival in October, and the lifting of the capacity restrictions announced by Bowser on Monday would likely make that possible.
In addition to lifting all capacity restrictions on May 21 for restaurants, the mayor's May 21 timeframe for lifting restrictions includes these additional venues and events:
Business meetings and seated conventions
Non-essential retail
Private at-home gatherings
Libraries, museums, galleries
Gyms and fitness centers
"We're very pleased that over the last several days, we have seen our case spread, our community spread numbers, venture out of the red into the yellow and fast approaching the green," Bowser said in referring to a health department chart that shows the changes in coronavirus cases in the city.
"You might remember that our daily case rate peaked in January at 45.9. And today you can see it's down to 6.6," she said at her news conference on Monday.
"Throughout this process I have said how proud I am of D.C. residents and businesses who have responded, who have followed health guidance and have worked together to help protect our community throughout the pandemic. And we see it in these numbers today," she said.
"Containing the virus will continue to require all of us to be focused on maintaining a robust health system," the mayor said, adding that while over 200,000 D.C. residents have been fully vaccinated since December 2020, "many more thousands" still need to be vaccinated. "Vaccines are free and available on demand at walk-up sites across the District," she said.
The mayor also noted that the city will continue to require residents and visitors to use a mask in accordance with existing and updated guidance set by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Mark Lee, coordinator of the D.C. Nightlife Council, an association that represents restaurants, bars, nightclubs and other entertainment venues, said the mayor's directive on May 10 leaves some details to be addressed but will open the way to bring nightlife businesses back to life.
"What we do know is that on Friday, May 21, businesses begin returning to normal operations and, three weeks later, on June 11, all restrictions for all businesses in the District will end," Lee said. "It's a day we've long awaited and one that will save much of our community enterprise from financial ruin."
DC residents with HIV eligible for COVID vaccine
Mayor announces expanded eligibility as vaccine supply increases
D.C. Mayor Muriel Bowser announced on Feb. 24 that D.C. residents between the ages of 16 to 24 who have one of 19 pre-existing medical conditions, including HIV, will now be eligible to make an appointment to receive the COVID-19 vaccine.
The mayor and D.C. Department of Health Director Dr. LaQuandra Nesbitt said the appointments could be made through the city's special site, vaccinate.dc.gov, beginning Thursday and Friday, Feb. 25 and 26. The vaccinations themselves for the expanded group of residents, including people with HIV, would begin March 1, the mayor said in an announcement.
Abby Fenton, a spokesperson for Whitman-Walker Health, the D.C. community health center that provides services to the LGBTQ community and people with HIV, said Whitman-Walker has begun contacting its HIV patients about the availability of the COVID vaccine for them.
"We are urging people to try to make an appointment with the city because we have such a limited supply," Fenton said. She said Whitman-Walker is dispensing the vaccine for those who the city determines are eligible at its medical center locations at 1425 14th Street, N.W., and at its Max Robinson Center at 2301 Martin Luther King Jr. Ave., S.E.
Michael Kharfen, the DOH official in charge of the city's HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis, STD, and Tuberculosis Administration, said the limited supplies of the COVID vaccine that the city has been receiving from the federal government has prevented the allocation of vaccine supplies to community health centers like Whitman-Walker until a few weeks ago.
He said supplies of the vaccine have increased in recent weeks and the Department of Health was hopeful that it will be able to provide additional supplies of the vaccine to community health centers and other facilities and health care providers.
Kharfen noted that the city has been increasing the availability of the vaccine to different groups of residents in stages as supplies have increased. Front line medical workers and nursing home residents were the first to receive the vaccine. The most recent group to become eligible prior to the mayor's most recent expansion this week were people 65 years of age and older.
The mayor's announcement on Feb. 24 listed these pre-existing medical conditions, including HIV, that would make city residents between the ages of 16 and 64 eligible for the COVID vaccine:
Asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and other Chronic Lung Disease; Bone Marrow and Solid Organ Transplantation; Cancer; Cerebrovascular Disease; Chronic Kidney Disease; Congenital Heart Disease; Diabetes Mellitus; Heart Conditions, such as Heart Failure, Coronary Artery Disease, or Cardiomyopathies; HIV; Hypertension; Immunocompromised State; Inherited Metabolic Disorders; Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities; Liver Disease; Neurologic Conditions; Obesity, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2; Pregnancy; Severe Genetic Disorders; Sickle Cell Disease; and Thalassemia.
D.C. gay bars struggling to stay open in pandemic
Mayor's new rule banning liquor sales after 10 p.m. called 'devastating'
Nellie's Sports Bar (Washington Blade photo by Michael Key)
John Guggenmos, co-owner of the D.C. gay bars Number 9 and Trade, says he and his business partners support Mayor Muriel Bowser's efforts to keep people safe as the number of people testing positive for COVID-19 continues to rise in the city.
But Guggenmos and other gay bar owners say the mayor's most recent order requiring bars and restaurants to stop serving alcoholic beverages after 10 p.m. has had a devastating impact on what had already been a major decline in business since the COVID restrictions were put in place earlier this year.
"We see hope on the horizon," Guggenmos said. "But for many places it's just going to be too late. It is sad because even if I am in a position that we can weather this storm better, if other places in the neighborhood don't, then we all suffer."
Exterior of Trade, which is working to serve customers amid new 10 p.m. cutoff for alcohol sales. (Washington Blade photo by Michael Key)
David Perruzza, owner of the Adams Morgan gay sports bar Pitchers and its adjoining lesbian bar A League of Her Own, said gay bar customers traditionally come out to the clubs after 9 p.m. and often remain there several hours later.
Under the mayor's current Phase II rules for addressing the COVID health emergency all restaurants and bars must close at midnight, two hours earlier than the pre-epidemic closing time of 2 a.m. during the week and three hours sooner than the normal 3 a.m. closing time on weekends. That restriction by itself has resulted in a significant drop in revenue for bars and nightclubs, including LGBTQ clubs, officials with the clubs have said.
The new restriction put in place last month banning liquor sales after 10 p.m. allows bars and restaurants to continue to stay open until midnight. But Guggenmos, Perruzza and other bar owners say few if any customers would likely come in to order non-alcoholic beverages. Thus they and nearly all of the city's bar and restaurant owners have decided to close at 10 p.m. until the restrictions are lifted, a development that has further curtailed their businesses.
"I've had the worst two weekends of my life at the bar," said Perruzza in referring to the weekends following the ban on liquor sales after 10 p.m. "I can't sustain a business this way," he said.
Pitchers (Washington Blade photo by Michael Key)
Dr. LaQuandra Nesbitt, director of the D.C. Department of Health, has said city inspectors have found that more violations of the COVID-related health restrictions at restaurants and bars, such as social distancing and mask wearing, were occurring after 10 p.m. as patrons consumed more alcohol. But nightlife advocates have disputed claims that riskier behavior occurs after 10 p.m. They say there are no studies or data to back up those claims.
Perruzza said he understands that while the mayor's intention is to curtail the spread of the coronavirus he believes the 10 p.m. cutoff on alcohol service will result in large numbers of bar customers going to private parties in people's homes where there will be fewer safeguards to curtail the virus.
"By her doing this she is going to push people to have more house parties," Perruzza said. "At least if they're in a restaurant or bar they're in a controlled environment where they take their temperature. They make sure everything is sanitized after people leave," Perruzza said. "People are not required to wear masks when they go to house parties."
Prior to the start of the pandemic, D.C. was home to at least 15 gay bars or nightclubs in which the clientele was largely LGBTQ. A number of other D.C. bars and nightclubs are considered LGBTQ friendly, according to gay D.C. nightlife advocate Mark Lee, who said those additional establishments have a significant LGBTQ clientele.
In March, Bowser issued her initial emergency health order requiring all "non-essential" businesses, including bars and restaurants, to temporarily close their indoor operations to customers in an effort to curtail the spread of the coronavirus. Carryout food and drink orders were allowed, and some of the gay clubs joined other bars and restaurants in putting in place a take-out order business.
A short time later, the DC Eagle, the city's longest continuously operating gay bar, announced it was permanently closing. The Eagle's majority owner filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy following longstanding financial problems, but many of the Eagle's customers believe the pandemic played some role in the permanent shutdown.
At the same time, the popular LGBTQ nightclub Ziegfeld's-Secrets closed its doors indefinitely after the owner of the building where it was located in the city's Buzzard's Point area invoked its longstanding plan to demolish the building to make way for a new condominium and retail development. Ziegfeld's-Secrets manager Steve Delurba said the club would like to reopen in a new location but efforts to reopen would have to wait until all COVID-19 restrictions on such establishments were lifted.
Among the city's remaining 13 LGBTQ bars and clubs, all but one has reopened after the mayor put in place the city's Phase II business reopening plan in June, which allowed bars, restaurants, and other businesses to resume limited indoor operations.
The Fireplace, a gay bar at 2161 P St., N.W. near Dupont Circle, decided to remain closed rather than operate under the COVID restrictions but "definitely" plans to reopen, according Larry Ray, a longtime customer who said he spoke with one of the owners.
Among the other Phase II restrictions for bars, restaurants and nightclubs put in place by Bowser in the spring was the requirement that such establishments must operate at 50 percent of their normal indoor capacity, all patrons must be seated at tables spaced six feet apart, and at least three food items must be served that are prepared on the premises regardless of whether the establishment was exempt from serving food prior to the pandemic. The Phase II order also bans the establishments from offering live entertainment.
Two weeks ago, when the mayor issued her updated order banning the serving of alcoholic beverages after 10 p.m. at bars and restaurants, she also included in the order a reduction in the capacity of customers from 50 percent to 25 percent based on concern that the number of COVID-19 cases was rising in D.C. after the case number had gone down in the spring and summer.
Perruzza told the Blade that due to the Phase II social distancing requirements and the spacing of tables and the ban on allowing customers to stand except to walk in and out and go to the bathroom, Pitchers and his adjoining bar A League of Her Own were never able to reach a 50 percent capacity. At most, he said, he was able to reach a 33 percent capacity, which now must be reduced to 25 percent.
Meanwhile, the D.C. gay bar Dirty Goose at 913 U St., N.W. is among the establishments hit with a fine for allegedly violating the Phase II food serving requirement. According to a report in the Washington City Paper, an inspector from the city's Alcoholic Beverage Regulation Administration on Nov. 27 cited Dirty Goose for serving only cookies as a food item, saying it failed to provide at least two other types of food such as popcorn or brownies instead of just cookies.
Co-owner Justin Parker told City Paper he plans to contest the citation on grounds that the establishment serves multiple types of cookies that are prepared on the premises and that the different types should be accepted as different food types. He said that ABRA inspectors came to Dirty Goose six or seven times in November prior to citing him for the food violation and found his establishment to be in full compliance with all of the COVID related requirements.
On its Facebook page the Dirty Goose announced on Nov. 10 that it had voluntarily closed its doors after one of its employees tested positive for COVID and out of caution it would remain closed until all remaining employees were tested. On Nov. 15 it announced "we have received all our employees test results and we are ready to reopen," which happened less than a week later.
In a Nov. 25 Facebook message, Dirty Goose conveyed what appears to be the sentiment shared by the other LGBTQ bar owners and operators.
"First, we would like to thank all of our wonderful family of patrons who have kept us going since May," the message says. "What a crazy 8 months it's been!" After announcing the Dirty Goose would be closing at 10 p.m. each day due to the mayor's order banning alcohol sales after that hour, the message added, "We look forward to continue serving all of you and please know we are continuously following the safety requirements set by the DOH and the safety of our staff and patrons remains our main priority."
Dirty Goose was recently fined for allegedly violating rules about serving three kinds of food to remain open. (Washington Blade photo by Michael Key)
Lee, the longtime D.C. nightlife advocate who served as director of the D.C. Nightlife Council before being furloughed, said the 10 p.m. cutoff for the sale of liquor at bars and restaurants will be especially harmful coming with all the other restrictions.
"The most maddening aspect of Mayor Bowser suddenly halting all alcohol consumption after 10 p.m. at local bars, restaurants, and nightclubs operating in full compliance with public safety protocols and highly restricted service limitations is that there is no actual data or evidence-based rationale for this financially devastating roll-back curfew," Lee told the Blade.
"This arbitrary edict jeopardizes the survival of hospitality establishments by causing them to lose the major portion of revenue they had been able to generate," he said. "We're getting reports that this decision is costing operators up to 60 percent or more of the little money they were making, leaving most with no choice other than to shut down two hours earlier rather than attempt to now serve only food items and non-alcoholic beverages until midnight," Lee said.
Lee noted that at a press conference on Dec. 7, Bowser acknowledged that nightlife establishments, including restaurants and bars, have done an exemplary job of complying with health requirements and providing a safe space for patrons and employees.
At that press conference the mayor also said she looks forward to being able to lift all restrictions on businesses once the COVID vaccine becomes widely available. But she said that with a resurgence of COVID cases in D.C. in recent weeks along with the rise in cases in the surrounding suburbs the city could be forced once again to order the complete shutdown of indoor operations of businesses like restaurants and bars if the local COVID situation worsens.
Perruzza, Guggenmos and Doug Schantz, owner of the gay sports bar Nellie's at 900 U St., N.W., each said their establishments and others like them serve as a place where LGBTQ people can go to be themselves, which many are unable to do at work, school, or even at home in some situations.
"At some point safe human interactions are what people are craving," said Guggenmos. "You see someone on the street and how they desperately just want that interaction again," he said. "If we could do that safely, why not?"
D.C.'s LGBTQ Bars/Restaurants
Nellie's Sports Bar
900 U Street, N.W.
Uproar
639 Florida Ave., N.W.
The Dirty Goose
JR.'s
1519 17th Street, N.W.
Windows/DIK Bar
Upper floor at Dupont Italian Kitchen
Annie's Paramount Steakhouse restaurant/bar
Larry's Lounge
Pitchers/League of Her Own
Duplex Diner
2161 P Street, N.W.
[Temporarily closed during pandemic]
Number Nine
1335 Green Court, N.W.
D.C. LGBTQ-friendly Bars/Clubs
Dacha Beer Garden
1600 7th Street, N.W.
815 V Street, N.W.
DC 9 Nightclub
Dito's Bar
Lower floor at Floriana Restaurant
(Washington Blade photo by Michael Key)


Moving forward, Cobalt is working on some sculpture projects, and art for private developers.
Cobalt Designworks is also continuing to pursue public art projects and calls for art, and working with individual homeowners or businesses.
"We're working right now on some privacy panels. The client wants them to be art, not just metal panels that block the view of the house the next door," said Corio.
The company started in a studio behind the couple's home. Since 2007, they have expanded and now also have a commercial space on McLoughlin Boulevard and C Street in Vancouver.
Moving forward, Corio said the company is looking forward to creating more art for private and public settings, and to continuing to bring art into functional, architectural pieces.


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Home › Posts tagged "lamp"
Yeshua/Jesus often spoke in Parables. A parable is a story told that has hidden value of wisdom, the story on the surface has a lesson in it, but the deeper Truths are concealed so that only people "in the know" can extract the full value of the intended meaning. I have had many people say to me, "The Word of God is simple, it says what it means and means what it says, I don't need to treat the Bible like it is some encrypted secret code, Jesus made it simple so even a child can understand it". Let's hear what the Messiah says on the issue.
Mat 13:11 He answered them, "You have been given knowledge about the secrets of the kingdom of heaven, but it hasn't been given to them.
Mat 13:12 For to anyone who has something, more will be given, and he will have more than enough. But from the one who doesn't have anything, even what he has will be taken away from him.


text:
\section{Introduction}
The existence of a pressure in granular media at rest is the simplest way to represent their stiffness.
 When the concentration of grains
is above the random close packing, the granular medium acts as a poro-elastic solid and its pressure
 is a function not only of the compaction but also of the elastic constants of the material the grains are made of.
When the granular medium has a smaller compaction, in the range between the random loose and random close packings,
the grains can be considered as rigid and
the expression of the granular pressure is far less evident. The difficulty comes from the glassy behaviour which makes
 it quite usual to find dense granular media in a \emph{frozen} state concerning their compaction. Hence the feeling
 that the granular pressure is largely dependent on the way the medium was prepared. However, experiments
 have been conducted which aim at allowing the granular medium to reach a steady and quasi-equilibrium
 state concerning its compaction.
These experiments relied on regular tappings or cyclic fluidization favouring the exploration
 of many microstates (see e.g. \cite{Now98} and \cite{Swi04}).
We propose that a systematic exploration of the microstates can also be achieved
starting from a flowing granular medium, and \emph{slowly} reducing its velocity down to rest.
As a consequence, we suggest that some of the experiments on rough plates (inclined with angle $\theta$)
 which led to define the thickness $h_{stop}(\theta)$ which remains after the flow has stopped,
can also be used to infer the relation
between granular pressure and compaction.\\ While the pressure in poro-elastic media originates from elastic forces
 and granular deformations,
the pressure in dense and flowing granular media (those with a compaction between the random loose and
random close packings)
results mainly from the many possible random spatial configurations
of the grains.
We will present the main features of this "randomness" pressure as well as those of
 the more classical elastic pressure.
 Then some general expressions for the granular pression will be proposed. Finally two particular expressions will be deduced from experimental data concerning $h_{stop}$.

\section{The Configuration Pressure and the Disorder Pressure}
Consider a large volume containing many \emph{rigid} spheres with a high enough volume fraction
$\tilde \phi$ for a contact network to invade the whole volume.
 Let $\Omega (\tilde \phi) d \tilde \phi$ be the number of different spatial
 configurations of these spheres in the range between $\tilde \phi $ and
 $\tilde \phi + d\tilde \phi $.
 To belong to $\Omega (\tilde \phi)$, a configuration must display a large enough number of contacts, but with zero
 forces at the contact points. The density of micro-states $\Omega (\tilde \phi)$ is thus a purely geometric concept.
If instead of rigid spheres we were considering soft ones, we would say
we are counting the number of configurations with zero energy ("incipient" contacts),
 yet able to resist an infinitesimal external pressure load. This density of states presumably vanishes
 below a minimum compaction $\phi_{min} \simeq 0.40$ (the gel threshold)
and above the maximum compaction
 $\phi_{max} \simeq 0.74$ (the most compact crystalline configuration). At some intermediate
volume fraction $\phi _m$ the density of microstates displays a large maximum value. This
intermediate compaction with the maximum number of microstates happens to be the loosest random packing.
According to Onoda and Liniger \cite{Ono98} its value for spherical grains is $\phi _m = 0.555$.
 Introduce now a number $P$ which represents a \emph{non-dimensional
 measure of the configuration pressure} and define the partition function
 \begin{eqnarray}
 Z(P) = \int _{\phi _{min}}^{\phi_{max}} e^{P \tilde \phi }\; \Omega (\tilde \phi) \; d \tilde \phi .\nonumber
 \end{eqnarray}
 The mean volume fraction is then related to the configuration pressure in the form:
$ \phi = \frac{d}{dP} \; Log \; Z .$
 This relation can be used to obtain  both $P(\phi)$ and
 the variance of the density fluctuations
$<(\tilde \phi - \phi )^2 > = d \phi / dP$. Another useful quantity is the configuration entropy
$S = \; Log \; Z - \; P\phi $ . This configuration entropy is a function of the mean volume fraction
and the non-dimensional configuration pressure is nothing but $P \;=\; - {dS}/{d\phi }.$
Many works starting from Kanatani \cite{Kan80} and revived by Edwards and Oakeshott \cite{Edw89}
 strived to find an explicit form for the
 partition function or for the configuration entropy.
The general trends of their results are the followings : for a vanishing pressure, the mean volume fraction is
 $\phi_m$  while   for an infinite pressure, the volume fraction is $\phi_{max}$
and the compressibility $d\phi /dP$ vanishes.
 A very simple expression meeting these conditions is
\begin{eqnarray}
p^{configuration} \; \sim \; P \; \sim \;Log \frac{\phi_{max} - \phi _m}{\phi_{max} -\phi} .\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
Close to the maximum volume fraction the configuration pressure has an expression quite similar
to the pressure deduced from the entropy
 of the lattice-gas model (see e.g.
\cite{Wit04}). Note that the configuration pressure stems from the total number of different
configurations, including both random and
crystalline ones. It is also possible to select random configurations only. In this case one introduces the
 random close compaction $\phi _M$ above which all configurations display some cristalline order. For spheres, it is
generally admitted that $\phi _M = 0.635$  and a possible expression for the disorder
 pressure is
 \begin{equation}
p^{disorder} \; \sim \;Log \frac{\phi_{M} - \phi _m}{\phi_{M} -\phi} .\label{eq:pdis}
\end{equation}
The gradient of the disorder pressure acts as a diffusion force which pushes the grains towards lower compactions,
those with a larger number of microstates. For the grains to have a chance to explore all microstates with
equal probability, the best solution is a steady flow. This is why the concept of a disorder granular pressure
 is more pertinent for dynamic situations and that it must be handled with care in static ones.
 The disorder pressure confers the granular medium a compressibility (variance of the compaction
fluctuations) which decreases with the compaction. When taking the above expression for granted the compressibility is
proportional to $\phi _M - \phi $,
in agreement with the experimental results of Nowak et al. \cite{Now98} but \emph{not} with those of Schroter et al.
\cite{Swi04} which display a minimum of the compressibility for a compaction between $\phi _m$ and $\phi _M$.
 The main features
 of $p^{disorder}$ are drawn schematically in Fig.1.
\section{The Elastic Pressure}
The configuration or disorder pressure is a purely geometric (or entropic) concept.
What matters is a minimum coordination
number between particles but the forces at the contact points are of no concern. It is then obvious that
 the configuration pressure is not the whole story. There is a second (and more intuitive)
source of granular pressure which witnesses
 to the elastic stiffness of the granular medium and for which the magnitude of the contact forces is
 of utmost importance. That second
 contribution is the elastic   pressure $p^{elastic}$.
According to Aharonov and Sparks \cite{Aha99} and to O'Hern, Silbert, Liu and Nagel \cite{Her03} (see also
Head and Doi \cite{Hea05} for a first principles approach) $p^{elastic}$ vanishes below a volume fraction $\phi_c$ which depends on the friction between grains and is \emph {sligthly smaller} than the random close packing $\phi_M$. Above $\phi_c$ it was found that
 $
 p^{elastic}\sim (\phi - \phi_c)^{\alpha }
$
with $\alpha =1$ for Hookean contact forces and
$\alpha = 3/2$ for Hertzian ones.
What is not apparent in the above expression is that
 the bulk modulus $dp^{elastic}/d\phi $ is
usually \emph {orders of magnitude larger} than $dp^{disorder}/d\phi $. When
plotted on the same graph as $p^{disorder}$, it is as if $p^{elastic}$ was zero for $\phi <\phi _c$
and infinite for $\phi >\phi _c$, as
sketched in Fig.1 where the difference between $\phi _c$ and $\phi _M$ was exagerated for clarity.
\section{The Rate-Independent Granular Pressure}
The pressure in a moving granular medium is generally made of two parts : a rate-dependent part
which represents dilatancy effects in shear flows and a rate-independent part (hereafter noted $p$) representing
the physical phenomena involved in both
 $p^{elastic}$ and $p^{disorder}$. We are interested in the latter rate-independent contribution $p$.
 It seems clear that the very high stiffness for
$\phi \simeq  \phi_c$ is a feature of $p^{elastic}$ that must be shared by the total granular pressure.
Much less obvious is
 the behaviour of $p$ for volume fractions slightly above $\phi_m$. Should we trust the linear behaviour displayed by
the above expression for $p^{disorder}$ ? In fact, since our final aim is a comparison with experimental results,
it seems wise to introduce a general expression like
$p \sim (\phi - \phi _m)^n/(\phi _M -\phi)^m $
where the positive exponents $m$ and $n$ are left undetermined and we neglected the small difference between $\phi _c$ and
 $\phi _M$. Note that this expression for the rate-independent granular pressure
holds in the very small range $\phi _m < \phi  < \phi _M$ specific of dense granular
media, and that the granular pressure vanishes for $\phi =\phi _m$ and diverges for $\phi =\phi _M$. In what follows
 we scale that
granular pressure with $\rho_p g D$ where $\rho_p$ is the mass per unit volume of the grains and $g$ is the
acceleration of gravity. That scaling seems obvious when gravity is responsible for the confinment of the grains
but we checked \cite{Jos05} that the same scaling is also convenient when the confinment is due
to an external pressure applied on the granular material.  The physical meaning of that special scaling is clear :
 the loads exerted on a granular medium with compaction in the range $\phi _m < \phi  < \phi _M$ are \emph{much
 smaller} than those leading to poro-elastic media with $ \phi  > \phi _M$. The latter ones involve elastic deformations
 of the grains while grains with a smaller compaction can be considered as rigid. Consequently we can not accept any
scaling involving elastic constants and we are left with $\rho_p g D$ as the only relevant order
of magnitude for stresses. Defining
the \emph{relative compaction} $\varphi$ as
\begin{equation}
\varphi \; = \; \frac {\phi - \phi _m}{\phi _M -\phi _m} ,
\end{equation}
we will test the potentialities of two expressions
for the rate-independent granular pressure in the range $0 \leq \varphi \leq 1$ :
 a rather general one with exponents $m>0$ and $n>0$
\begin{equation}
p \; = \; P_0 \;\rho_p g D \; \frac{\varphi ^n}{(1 - \varphi )^m},\label{eq:p1}
\end{equation}
and a special one identical to $p^{disorder}$ as given in (\ref{eq:pdis})
\begin{equation}
p \; = \; P_0 \; \rho_p g D \; Log \frac{1}{(1 - \varphi )}.\label{eq:p2}
\end{equation}
That latter expression was already adopted in previous works \cite{Sav98,Jos04} and it suggests
that the elastic pressure plays a negligible role except for $\phi \simeq \phi _M$. We now
 consider an experiment likely to discriminate between (\ref{eq:p1}) and (\ref{eq:p2})
and able to give an order of magnitude for $P_0$.
\section{The Maximum Thickness of a Granular Layer that Stops on a Rough Incline}
Consider a layer of granular material flowing down a rough inclined  plate. Upon gently reducing the
inclination, the layer ultimately stops at some angle $\theta$, with a thickness $h$.
Since the flow velocity was slowly reduced to zero, the granular layer had time to explore a lot (if not all)
 of the microstates
involved in $p^{disorder}$. And since the flow was slow, the rate-dependent part of the granular pressure was already
negligible before the layer jams. It is thus likely that the peculiar jammed state which the layer arrives at
is described by the rate-independent pressure $p$ defined above. The mechanical equilibrium of the
\emph{freshly} jammed layer
 is thus expressed by
\begin{eqnarray}
0 = - \frac {\partial p}{\partial z} + \phi \rho _p g cos\theta , \quad  \mbox{and} \quad
\tan{\theta } \; = \;min\;[\mu (z)] ,
\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
where the $z-$axis is orthogonal to the free-surface of the layer and points downwards while $\mu $ is the friction
 coefficient which is possibly non-uniform over the layer thickness. Substituting
expression (\ref{eq:p1}), one deduces that the reduced compaction profile $\varphi (z)$ increases from zero close
 to the free-surface up to values close to one at a distance of order $L$ with
$
\frac {L}{D} = \frac{P_0}{\phi _M cos\theta} \; .
$
Close to the free-surface
that is to say for $0 \leq z \ll L$,
and  far from the free-surface ($L \ll z$) the profile behaves asymptotically like
$\varphi (z) = (\frac {\phi_m}{\phi_M} \frac {z}{L})^{\frac {1}{n}}$
and $
\varphi (z) = 1 - (\frac{L}{z})^{\frac {1}{m}}$.
Concerning the particular pressure (\ref{eq:p2}),
 the whole profile is exponential-like and given by
\begin{equation}
\varphi (z) = 1 - \frac {1}{1 + \frac{\phi _m}{\phi _M}(e^{\frac{z}{L}} - 1)} \; .\label{eq:fi}
\end{equation}
A similar "Fermi-Dirac" profile was already observed in experiments \cite{Cle91} and was also
obtained in simulations of a frustrated lattice-gas model \cite{Nic97}. \\
Knowing the compaction profile, let us now focus on the layer thickness $h$. Da Cruz \cite{DaC04}
 has deduced from numerical simulations
 a very important (and a bit counter-intuitive) result : the
macroscopic friction coefficient \emph{decreases} almost linearly with the compaction and can be written as
\begin{equation}
\mu = tan \theta _{max} - (tan \theta _{max} - tan \theta _{min})\; \varphi \; .
\end{equation}
Since the compaction increases with the distance from the free-surface, \emph{the smallest value of $\mu$
happens very close to the rough plate}, that is to say for $z \simeq h$. Just after jamming, we thus have
$tan \theta _{max} - (tan \theta _{max} - tan \theta _{min})\; \varphi (h_{stop}) = \tan \theta $.
Taking the compaction profiles (\ref{eq:fipl}) into account, one deduces that when $\theta $
 slightly exceeds $\theta _{min}$ the layer is very thick and
\begin{equation}
\frac {h_{stop}}{D} = \frac{P_0}{\phi _M cos\theta _{min}}
\left(\frac {\tan\theta _{max} - \tan\theta _{min}}{\tan \theta - \tan\theta _{min}}\right)^m .
\end{equation}
while when $ \theta$ comes close to $\theta _{max}$ the layer is thin and
 \begin{equation}
\frac {h_{stop}}{D} = \frac{P_0}{\phi _m cos\theta _{max}}
\left(\frac {\tan\theta _{max} - \tan \theta}{\tan\theta _{max} - \tan\theta _{min}}\right)^n .
\end{equation}
 For the special case (\ref{eq:p2}), one obtains
a rather simple expression that holds in
the whole range $\theta _{min} \leq  \theta \leq \theta _{max}$
 \begin{equation}
\frac {h_{stop}}{D} = \frac{P_0}{\phi _M cos\theta }\;
Log \left[1 + \frac{\phi_M}{\phi_m}\frac {\tan\theta _{max} - \tan \theta}
{\tan \theta - \tan\theta _{min}}\right] \; .
\end{equation}
\section{Experimental results}
Systematic measurements of the layer thickness were initiated by Pouliquen \cite{Pou99} who distinguished between
 the thickness $h_{start}(\theta)$ for an initially static layer and $h_{stop}(\theta)$ for an
 initially flowing layer. The experimental results
were fitted by two different expressions
 \begin{equation}
 \frac{h_{start,stop}(\theta )}{D} = B \; Log \; [\frac {\tan \theta _2 - \tan \theta _1 }{\tan \theta - \tan \theta _1}] \quad \mbox{or} \quad
 \frac{h_{start,stop}(\theta )}{D} = B \;\frac {\tan \theta _2 - \tan \theta }{\tan \theta - \tan \theta _1} \; .
 \label{eq:h12}
 \end{equation}
 where $D$ is the grain size while $B$, $\theta _1$ and $\theta _2$ are constants, different
 for $h_{stop}$ and $h_{start}$.
Assuming that $\theta _2 = \theta _{max}$ and $\theta _1 = \theta _{min}$, these data fittings suggest
two possible expressions for the granular pressure : either expression (\ref{eq:p2}) or expression (\ref{eq:p1})
with $n=1$ and $m=1$. However, most of the experimental values obtained for
 $B$, $\theta _1$ and $\theta _2$ must be considered
as non representative of the \emph{bulk} granular pressure because they were found to depend on
 the roughness of the inclined plate. In fact, the main difficulty
 with the interpretation of experimental results is to estimate the effective friction coefficient
 associated with this roughness. Our theoretical predictions were based on one main assumption :
the minimum of effective friction occurs somewhere close to
 the incline, at the limit between the bulk and a thin boundary layer strongly influenced by the plate roughness.
 This supposes the effective friction in the boundary
layer to be \emph{much larger} than its value in the bulk. In other words,
  to deduce the bulk granular pressure from experiments on inclines,
we are led to exclude those experiments performed with relatively smooth plates, and more generally those for which
the curves $h_{start,stop}(\theta )$ are strongly modified upon changing the plate roughness. And concerning those
 with a high enough roughness,
 we must exclude some boundary layer of thickness $\delta$
 and consider $h-\delta$ as the relevant thickness for bulk behaviour.
 Accordingly, we were led to discard all the experiments performed with glass beads because the friction generated
by the beads glued on the incline is only slightly larger than the friction in the bulk. But we considered as
significative the experiments with
 sand flowing on carpets of various roughnesses. And for these experiments with sand we discarded
a boundary layer with thickness estimated to $\delta \simeq 4D$. Because of the scarcity of data, we could not fully
discriminate between expression (\ref{eq:p2}) and expression (\ref{eq:p1}) with $m=1$ and $n=1$.
We could fit the experimental results for sand on carpets
(see Fig.2) with
 \begin{eqnarray}
\mu = 0.73 -  0.16 \varphi \quad \mbox{and} \quad
p \simeq \; 5.3 \;\rho _p g D \; Log \frac{1}{1 - \varphi } \;,\label{eq:p2f}
\end{eqnarray}
as well as with
 \begin{eqnarray}
\mu = 0.73 -  0.20 \varphi \quad  \mbox{and} \quad
p \simeq \; 5.2 \;\rho _p g D \; \frac{\varphi }{1 - \varphi } \;.\label{eq:p1f}
\end{eqnarray}
\section{Conclusions}
The concept of a rate-independent granular pressure
 was proposed long ago for poro-elastic media \cite{Pas84}. We suggest this concept can be extended to dense and flowing
 granular media for which this compaction-dependent pressure is the consequence of two distinct physical
phenomena, of entropic and
mechanistic nature respectively. We proposed to deduce the bulk granular pressure from experiments
on rough inclines and particularly those giving $h_{stop} (\theta )$. It happens that most
 of the experimental results concerning this
 thickness depend more on the roughness of the incline than on the bulk behaviour of the granular medium.
 However, the scarce results representative of the bulk behaviour can be interpreted with
 a granular pressure and an effective friction depending both on the compaction. Concerning sand,
a rather satisfactory fit with the
 experimental results could be obtained with either expression (\ref{eq:p2f}) or expression (\ref{eq:p1f}), witnessing
 to the
 predominance of entropic effects in almost the whole compaction range $\phi _m <\phi <\phi _M$, while elastic effects
  come into play when approaching
  the random close packing $\phi _M$ only. \\
One may wonder why numerical simulations of flows down rough inclines (see e.g. \cite{Sil01}) predict flat compactions
profiles which are closer to those resulting from $p^{elastic}$ than $p^{disorder}$.
 In fact, numerical simulations have so far described
 with great care the deterministic contact forces (hence the elastic stress) while they completely discarded the
stochastic processes associated with the exploration of the many microstates with contacts but zero contact forces.
How to introduce these stochastic processes with the minimum change for the equations of motion ?
A possibility is to write the equation of motion of particle $\alpha$ in the form
\begin{eqnarray}
m^{\alpha } \frac{d^2 \vec{R}^{\alpha }}{d t^2} \;=\; \sum_{\beta \neq \alpha}\vec{F}^{\alpha \beta} + \vec{F}^{\alpha } +
m^{\alpha } \vec{g}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\vec{F}^{\alpha \beta }$ is the force exerted at contact with particule $\beta$ while the stochastic force $\vec{F}^{\alpha }$ plays the role of the brownian force for thermal systems and
 witnesses to the random exploration of microstates. When tapping granular matter
one creates a series of short-lasting stochastic forces, while in steady flows this force is steadily acting.
There is no theory of $\vec{F}^{\alpha }$ we are aware of but, much like the brownian diffusion force
 is the coarse-grained consequence of the stochastic brownian force, the gradient of the disorder
 pressure acts as a diffusion force which is the coarse-grained consequence of the granular stochastic forces.
Hence, the concept of a rate-independent granular pressure
 can be used without moderation in the dense regime, provided this use is restricted to steadily flowing media.\\

\begin{figure}
\psfrag{h}{$h_{stop}/D$}
\psfrag{th}{$\theta$}
\psfrag{pm}[bc]{ $\phi_m$}
\psfrag{pM}[bc]{ $\phi_M$}
\psfrag{pc}[bc]{ $\phi_c$}
\psfrag{p}{ $\phi$}
\psfrag{P}{ granular pressure}
\includegraphics[width=7cm]{cmp.eps}
 \caption{ Schematic representation of the elastic pressure (dashed line) and disorder pressure (plain line)
as a function of the compaction in the range between the random loose packing $\phi_m$ and the
random close packing $\phi_M$. The disorder pressure vanishes below $\phi _m$ and diverges at $\phi _M$
while the elastic pressure vanishes
 below  $\phi_c$ and strongly increases above.
 }
\label{fig:1}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\psfrag{h}{$h_{stop}/D$}
\psfrag{th}{$\theta$}
\psfrag{pm}[bc]{ $\phi_m$}
\psfrag{pM}[bc]{ $\phi_M$}
\psfrag{pc}[bc]{ $\phi_c$}
\psfrag{p}{ $\phi$}
\psfrag{P}{ granular pressure}
\includegraphics[width=7cm]{spr.ps}
 \caption{ Dependence of $h_{stop}/D$ on the inclination $\theta $. Comparison between experimental results
 (points) for sand over carpets (from  \cite{DaC04})
and fitting curves deduced from the granular pressure (\ref{eq:p1f}) (plain) and (\ref{eq:p2f}) (dashed).
Experimental results with
$h_{stop}/D \leq  3.6$ were discarded and the value $\theta _{max}\approx 36.1$ was adopted.}
\label{fig:2}
\end{figure}

{\it Acknowledgments:}
The authors appreciate interactions with R. Ball, F. Chevoir, D. Dean,
J. Gollub, T. Harsley,
D. Head, V. Kumaran, M. Nicodemi, J.N. Roux, G. Tarjus and P. Viot. D.L. thanks the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics for hospitality and support through the Granular
Physics Program GRANULAR05.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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Data can provide great value to maximize the efficiency of industrial systems, thanks to the technological revolution centred on the information management and automatic analysis. Among the countless methods of obtaining value from data, one of the most explored is that which focuses on the early identification of deviations from normal operation or performance, the so-called predictive monitoring.
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text:
Q: Find command: Searching for executable files What type of parameter/flag can I use with the unix find command so that I search executables?
(if this question is better suited for another stackexchange forum, I welcome you telling me so)
p.s. If you know of one, I've been looking for a detailed (non-beginner) tutorial/screencast about grep and/or find.

A: Portably, the following command looks for regular files that are executable by their owner:
find . -perm -700 -type f

With GNU find ≥4.3, you can use -executable instead of -perm -700 to look for files that are executable by you.

A: Rather unsurprisingly, -executable. From the man page:

Matches files which are executable and directories which are searchable (in a file name resolution sense). This takes into account access control lists and other permissions  artefacts which the -perm test ignores

A: Another option is
find /path -perm /u=x,g=x,o=x -type f

It looks through /path, finds user, global and other executables that are regular files.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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From 2008-2012, I made apps for kids at Nickelodeon, where I designed wireframes and brought fun ideas to life. User research consisted of sitting on a playroom floor and making pipe cleaner prototypes with 7-year-olds.
I've collaborated with General Assembly to teach UX classes. I've also run workshops with the Institute of Advertising in Singapore, and have hosted some meetups during my time at Huge Singapore.
In 2008, I worked for a New York-based underwear and fashion brand called Undergirl. You could buy the underwear that I designed at stores like Urban Outfitters and K-mart.
I'm a Japanese girl born and raised in the U.S., but in the last five years I have also lived in Singapore and Chile. Now I call Berlin my home. I move so much because I'm driven by an insatiable curiosity to discover new things and meet new people. I speak three languages and am learning a fourth. I prefer dogs to cats and mountains to beaches. I'm currently open to new job opportunities and teaching gigs. Up for a chat? You can reach me via email or LinkedIn.


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text:
#import "CALayer.h"

@class IDEActivityPopUpReportLayer, NSArray, NSMutableArray, NSString;

@interface IDEActivityPopUpContentLayer : CALayer
{
    id <IDEActivityPopUpContentLayerDelegate> _delegate;
    NSMutableArray *_orderedReportLayers;
    NSMutableArray *_lineLayers;
    NSMutableArray *_orderedVisibleReportLayers;
    BOOL _issuesAreVisible;
    BOOL _botStatusIsVisible;
    NSArray *_issueCategories;
    NSString *_issuesContainerTypeString;
    NSArray *_botStatusCategories;
    IDEActivityPopUpReportLayer *_layerToHide;
    double _spaceNeededForMultiActionIndicator;
}

- (void).cxx_destruct;
- (void)addActivityReportLayer:(id)arg1;
- (void)addStandardLineLayer;
@property(copy) NSArray *botStatusCategories; // @synthesize botStatusCategories=_botStatusCategories;
@property BOOL botStatusIsVisible; // @synthesize botStatusIsVisible=_botStatusIsVisible;
@property id <IDEActivityPopUpContentLayerDelegate> delegate; // @synthesize delegate=_delegate;
- (id)init;
- (void)insertActivityReportLayer:(id)arg1 atIndex:(unsigned long long)arg2;
@property(copy) NSArray *issueCategories; // @synthesize issueCategories=_issueCategories;
@property BOOL issuesAreVisible; // @synthesize issuesAreVisible=_issuesAreVisible;
@property(copy) NSString *issuesContainerTypeString; // @synthesize issuesContainerTypeString=_issuesContainerTypeString;
@property(retain, nonatomic) IDEActivityPopUpReportLayer *layerToHide; // @synthesize layerToHide=_layerToHide;
- (void)layoutSublayers;
- (id)orderedVisibleReportLayers;
@property(readonly) double preferredHeight;
- (void)preferredHeightDidChange;
- (void)removeActivityReportLayer:(id)arg1;
@property(nonatomic) double spaceNeededForMultiActionIndicator; // @synthesize spaceNeededForMultiActionIndicator=_spaceNeededForMultiActionIndicator;

@end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Населені пункти та їхні частини

 Целіни — село в гміні Тшебешув Луківського повіту Люблінського воєводства
 Целіни — село в гміні Івановіце Краківського повіту Малопольського воєводства
 Целіни — село в гміні Лелюв Ченстоховського повіту Сілезького воєводства
 Целіни — село в гміні Ожаровіце Тарноґурського повіту Сілезького воєводства
 Целіни — село в гміні Сецемін Влощовського повіту Свентокшиського воєводства
 Целіни — село в гміні Бодзентин Келецького повіту Свентокшиського воєводства
 Целіни — село в гміні Ракув Келецького повіту Свентокшиського воєводства
 Целіни — село в гміні Хмельник Келецького повіту Свентокшиського воєводства
 Целіни — частина села Сьвеселиці в гміні Цепелюв Ліпського повіту Мазовецького воєводства
 Целіни — частина села Турув у гміні Ольштин Ченстоховського повіту Сілезького воєводства

Примітки

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The state electorate of Hill has an approximate area of 26,000 km².
It is comprised of 138 suburbs including Atherton, Babinda, Bamboo Creek, Barrine, Bartle Frere, Basilisk, Beatrice, Bellenden Ker, Belvedere, Bingil Bay, Birkalla, Bombeeta, Boogan, Bramston Beach, Bulgun, Butchers Creek, Camp Creek, Carmoo, Carrington and Coconuts plus parts of another 5 suburbs.
It is comprised of 23 localities including Cowley Beach, East Russell, Forty Mile, Gadgarra, Glen Ruth, Gulngai, Gunnawarra, Innot Hot Springs, Irvinebank, Kirrama, Koombooloomba, Kurrimine Beach, Mamu, Millstream, Minnamoolka, Mount Garnet, Munderra, Ravenshoe, Silver Valley and Wairuna plus parts of another 8 localities.
It is comprised of the council of Tablelands plus parts of Cairns, Cassowary Coast and Mareeba.
It is surrounded by the state electorates of Cook, Hinchinbrook, Mulgrave and Traeger.


text:
Ізооптоакустична точка (, ) — довжина хвилі, хвильове число чи частота, при яких загальна енергія, випромінювана зразком у вигляді тепла, не змінюється при протіканні в ньому хімічної реакції чи при його фізичних змінах. Її положення залежить від умов експерименту.

Література

Хімічна термінологія


Mentor, Ohio — February 6, 2013 — US Endoscopy, a world leader in endoscopy device design and manufacturing, is proud to announce the release of the Oracle™ EUS balloon. The Oracle™ balloon is a simplified solution for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) procedures.
Traditional EUS balloons on the market contain latex material and frequently tear during application and use. Balloons can also be difficult for medical staff to apply to the endoscope and may require an additional applicator. The new Oracle™ balloon is a simplified solution – made of a durable silicone material it offers superior tear resistance and easy application.


text:
About Badging Business Contacts Maps Mission Museum Organizations New Hires Publications Research Library
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Total employees: 13,137
Triad National Security, LLC: 9,397
Centerra Group, LLC Los Alamos (Guard Force): 281
Compa, Staff and support contractors: 478
Unionized craft workers: 1,160
Post doctoral researchers: 498
Located 35 miles northwest of Santa Fe, New Mexico, on 34.7 square miles of DOE-owned property.
1,280 individual facilities, including 47 technical areas with 9 million square feet under roof.
Replacement value of $14.2 billion
FY17:
63% Weapons programs
10% Nonproliferation programs
4% Safeguards and Security
7% Environmental Management
4% DOE Office of Science
3% Energy and other programs
9% Work for Others
Triad and students only
35% of employees live in Los Alamos, the remainder commute from Santa Fe, Española, Taos and Albuquerque.
Average Age: 43
65% male, 35% female
45% minorities
67% university degrees
27% hold undergraduate degrees
19% hold master's degrees
21% have earned a PhD
145 R&D100 awards
34 E.O. Lawrence Awards
9 Presidential Early Career Awards
3 Glenn Seaborg Medals
Edward Teller Medal
Nobel Prize in Physics, Frederick Reines
Albuquerque to Los Alamos, NM
98 miles; 1 hr, 51 min.
Click to larger view
As of Aug. 18, 2020
Keepin Nonproliferation Program grad takes a closer look at nuclear forensics chemistry
The Robert Keepin Nonproliferation Science Summer program is a component of the prestigious Nuclear Science and Security Consortium (NSSC) fellowship - 1/12/21
LANL-developed system offers better, faster, safer decontamination of surfaces
Researchers developed an integrated electrochemical decontamination and etching system that employs a reusable cleaning solution of highly oxidizing ions - 1/6/21
Groundbreaking software helps tame blazes
This first-of-its-kind tool will allow fire managers to explore different options for prescribed burns and fire control to maximize impact while keeping personnel safe - 12/14/20
Most detailed mapping of virus "sugar shield"
Novel imaging offers insights for HIV and coronavirus treatments - 12/1/20
Los Alamos post-doctoral student wins Hydrogen & Fuel Cell award
Eun Joo (Sarah) Park has won the Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Office post-doctoral award from the U.S. Department of Energy - 10/15/20
Hoffman wins DOE Early Career Research Award
Project focuses on regional sea level modeling capability - 7/1/20
Special issue of Nuclear Technology dedicated to KRUSTY test
- 6/30/20
Los Alamos software discovers new world-record lightning flashes
OrganiCam will search for life in space
New ultra-high-throughput capability for biocatalyst screening
The discovery of unique metal–ligand bonding
First restartable rocket motor to maneuver satellites in space
New class of switchable explosive could revolutionize explosive safety
Global Security Office collaborates with Weapons Program to develop next-gen DFEAT tool; receives DOE accolades
Global Security team plays major role in recent launch of new GPS instrumentation
A new, simple hydrogen approach is offering new opportunities to develop Ga2O3 as a material for bipolar transistors
- 4/9/20
Advancing the art of the possible in remote sensing phenomena
Enlisting bacteria to make your nylon for you
Los Alamos analysis of San Juan Generating Station carbon-capture study shows promise
- 12/13/19
Understanding a viral explosion
Global Security summer interns win Distinguished Student, Student Symposium and poster awards
- 10/2/19
Lab's fuel cell knowledge tapped for surveys of catalyst technology
Researchers develop software for complex CO2 capture, transport and storage infrastructure
BOM: The next generation of high-performance explosives
ALFa LDS: Autonomous, Low-Cost, Fast Leak Detection System
Managers from Global Security and Weapons delve into criticality safety training
Rapid detection of bacteremia in human blood
New, smaller X-ray spectrometers developed
Balancing the load
Lebensohn honored by The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
At the 2D scale, isotopic composition has unforeseen effects on light emission
RETRO Rx: A new capability helping public health organizations
Novel technology provides rapid and reliable outage assessments after natural disasters wreak havoc
Sergei Tretiak honored as Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry
Pete Silks selected as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry
Los Alamos pursues technology for more affordable fuel cell electric cars
New work at Los Alamos will create polymer fuel cells designed to make electric cars less expensive. - 11/30/18
New web-based technology assesses health of civil, mechanical and aerospace structures
Researchers have developed a revolutionary new way to measure the response of civil, mechanical and aerospace structures to dynamic loads and analyze their structural health. - 10/29/18
Clues to creating an HIV vaccine
Recent work at Los Alamos sheds light on the mechanisms that lead to broader immune responses in HIV infected individuals and will help inform future vaccine designs. - 10/23/18
Photocathodes grown on atomically thin layers of graphene
Researchers developed a unique approach that decouples two competing physical mechanisms that have prevented scientists from improving cold cathode efficiency. - 10/11/18
Radiation Hardened Single-Board Computer for space applications
These higher, more exclusive orbits may soon be accessible to small satellite vendors thanks to a novel technology, the Radiation Hardened Single-Board Computer. - 10/5/18
Narrow-band single-photon emission through selective aryl functionalization of zigzag carbon nanotubes
The researchers showed in this work that they can narrow the response by a factor of 4-6 by functionalizing so-called zigzag nanotube structures. - 9/27/18
Aluminum triple bond made for first time
The discovery of the Al≡Al classical triple bond represents a fundamental chemical bonding issue. - 9/27/18
New video highlights turbulence research essential to Lab mission
Los Alamos researchers are using experiments and computer modeling to enhance the Laboratory's understanding of turbulence and the ability to predict turbulence. - 9/11/18
Finding the infant massive black holes in the early universe
This work combines state-of-the art cosmological simulation with a radiative transfer post-processing analysis tool. - 9/10/18
Chemical selection of emission state configuration in a quantum-light emitter
Los Alamos researchers and their collaborators have found a new way to control quantum-light emitters using so-called zigzag nanotube structures. - 9/6/18
National Criticality Experiments Research Center
Welcome to the National Criticality Experiments Research Center (NCERC), home to some of the most highly trained individuals and specialized capabilities on Earth. - 9/5/18
Muon radiography verifies spent nuclear fuel in sealed casks
Researchers and collaborators have investigated a method to "see" inside sealed casks using naturally occurring cosmic-ray muons. - 8/29/18
Los Alamos National Laboratory's Discreet Oculus team recognized in DTRA's Hyper Critical Campaign
DTRA designated Los Alamos to lead this complex, multi-agency Campaign that went from inception to successful execution in seven months. - 8/28/18
All-solid-state cryocooler becomes a reality
Markus Hehlen and collaborators have — for the first time — demonstrated an all-solid-state optical refrigerator that operates at cryogenic temperatures and has no moving parts. - 8/21/18
ACCObeam technology produces novel collimated sound beam
The team determined that it could produce a highly collimated, powerful sound beam that also minimizes unwanted side lobes. - 8/20/18
A new neural network approach for seismic event detection
Scientists at Los Alamos National Laboratory have applied what is known as a "deep dense neural network" approach to the detection of seismic events. - 8/16/18
Multipoint satellite observations provide insight into the origins of substorms
A research team has investigated observations from multiple satellites to develop a more comprehensive picture of substorm interactions with the Earth's magnetosphere. - 8/16/18
Cuprate superconductor shows unique conductivity
Resistance studies reveal 'strange metal's' electrical peculiarity - 8/3/18
Los Alamos simulation tests innovative cancer treatment approach
More than 30 percent of human cancers have mutations in a small, specific group of genes, but attempts to design drugs specifically for these cancers have been unsuccessful. - 7/25/18
Laboratory lands Energy Frontier Research Center
DOE funds these research centers to accelerate scientific breakthroughs that are needed to strengthen the United States' economic leadership and energy security. - 7/24/18
Chikungunya challenge gets a close review by experts
To improve forecasts of emerging diseases, DARPA launched the Chikungunya Challenge to forecast the number of cases and spread of chikungunya disease in the Americas. - 7/24/18
Shining light on excited-state dynamics in perovskite materials
This study reveals the polaron formation via nuclear dynamics in perovskite that may be important for efficient charge separation and collection. - 7/17/18
Coherent exciton-vibrational dynamics and energy transfer in conjugated organics
Understanding this phenomenon is important when designing carrier transport in optoelectronic materials. - 7/3/18
NNSA awards Laboratory management & operating contract
The Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration announced it has awarded Triad National Security, LLC the management and operating contract. - 6/8/18
Los Alamos OSRP team recognized with Hodes Award 2018
The National Nuclear Security Administration and Off-Site Source Recovery Program were recognized with the Richard S. Hodes Award at the Waste Management '18 Symposium. - 6/5/18
AISES recognizes Los Alamos as top employer
In the latest AISES report, published in the spring 2018 issue of Winds of Change magazine, the Lab made the Top 50 list for the third year in a row. - 5/16/18
Leadership changes at the G.T. Seaborg Institute
Franz Freibert and Ping Yang have been named acting director and acting deputy director of the Los Alamos branch of the G.T. Seaborg Institute for Transactinium Science. - 4/25/18
David Fry named as a Fellow of the American Society for Nondestructive Testing
The ASNT Fellow Award acknowledges and honors members for outstanding service in the field of nondestructive testing. - 4/4/18
Wireless sensor network monitors remote areas
A research team has developed a novel system which covers large geographic areas using a self-healing, self-forming mesh network of long range radios. - 3/29/18
Dingus receives Mexican Physical Society Medal
The award honors her developments for physics in Mexico, particularly her work establishing the High-Altitude Water Cherenkov Gamma-Ray Observatory and her ongoing work on the project. - 3/26/18
A short history of women at Los Alamos
As part of the Laboratory's 75th Anniversary this year, this is the second in a series of stories celebrating the people and achievements that made us into an extraordinary scientific institution. - 3/22/18
Machine learning discovers patterns that reveal earthquake fault behavior
A new artificial intelligence-based method identifies sounds that indicate when a fault is about to rupture. - 3/20/18
Arthur Voter receives American Chemical Society Award
The American Chemical Society has awarded Arthur Voter the 2018 ACS Physical Chemistry Division Award in Theoretical Chemistry. - 3/19/18
Anderson-Cook chosen for American Society of Quality's Shewhart Medal
The American Society for Quality has selected Christine Anderson-Cook to receive the 2018 Shewhart Medal. - 3/19/18
Lighthouse directional radiation detectors
These novel detectors are a broad class of directional radiation detectors that use differential attenuation to reveal the vector components of a radiation field. - 3/8/18
Submit LANSCE proposals by March 2
The Los Alamos Neutron Science Center invites proposals for experiments to be performed at one of its three user facilities. - 2/8/18
Conduct research at CINT
The next call for proposals at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT) is March 1—31. - 2/7/18
Los Alamos sensors watch for potential nuclear explosions
If North Korea or anyone else were to detonate a nuclear weapon in the atmosphere or in space, how would we know? A fleet of sensors aboard satellites would tell us. - 1/31/18
Chen honored as Fellow of The Optical Society
The OSA cited Chen for "seminal contributions to the field of metamaterials, including active metamaterials and the realization of novel electromagnetic structures at terahertz frequencies." - 12/15/17
Wendelberger receives the William G. Hunter Award
The award is named in honor of the ASQ Statistics Division's first chair, William G. Hunter. - 11/14/17
Lab receives HPCwire Readers' and Editors' Choice Awards
The Lab received the HPCwire Editors' Choice for Best Use of AI, for its project CANcer Distributed Learning Environment (CANDLE). - 11/14/17
Helium channels in nanocomposites could be game changers
This finding could have value in determining if such channels not only do not damage the material, but may even help it to "self-heal" by providing paths for He to escape. - 11/13/17
Modeling deep water three-dimensional upwelling
A team of researchers examined the deep water upwelling the global overturning circulation in the Southern Ocean around Antarctica. - 11/7/17
Gordon named JSPS Invited Fellow
Gordon plans to establish mutually beneficial relations in chemistry for sustainable and renewable energy applications between Japan and the United States. - 10/30/17
Gray elected to National Academy of Engineering
He was cited for his contributions to the understanding of the dynamic and shock-loading deformation and damage response of materials. - 10/26/17
Electrochemical Society honors Kreller
The Electrochemical Society has recognized scientist Cortney Kreller for her work in the high temperature materials field. - 10/23/17
Muon detector developed for subsurface borehole imaging
This approach has the potential to become a direct, real-time, and low-cost method for monitoring fluid displacement in subsurface reservoirs. - 9/20/17
Keeping an eye on smoky skies
Los Alamos scientists have spent over a decade investigating airborne particle distribution and properties from fires. - 9/12/17
Mukundan named Electrochemical Society Fellow
Mukundan's research focuses on fuel cells, electrochemical gas sensors and energy storage devices. - 9/8/17
Geological Society of America Fellows
The Geological Society of America has chosen Catherine Snelson, Kenneth Wohletz and Hari Viswanathan as Fellows. - 8/31/17
HIV persists in macrophages
A research team has discovered that macrophages can serve as a reservoir for HIV virus during antiretroviral therapy. - 8/22/17
Tree hydraulic acclimation
Researchers subjected pinon and juniper at the world's first tree-drought/heat site. - 8/15/17
Hamada named ASQ Fellow
The ASQ honored the new Fellows at the 2017 World Conference on Quality and Improvement in Charlotte, NC. - 8/7/17
Uranium dioxide for nuclear fuel
Exploring the magnetic and thermal properties of uranium dioxide, researchers are improving understanding of an essential nuclear power plant fuel. - 7/27/17
Mimicking bacterial photosynthetic structure for energy applications
Collaborators have demonstrated the ability of a short-chain block copolymer to self assemble into a 3-D supramolecular light-harvesting system. - 7/12/17
Foley and Brown honored by The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
The TMS named Brown a 2017 Brimacombe Medalist and honored Foley with the 2017 Alexander Scott Distinguished Service Award. - 6/21/17
El Niños likely to help drive Antarctic melt
Scientists report that meltwater last summer formed on a large part of the surface of a major Antarctic ice sheet, extending over an area that was more than twice the size of California. - 6/19/17
Evaluating risk for Zika, chikungunya virus transmission across eastern states
The researchers examined conditions of variable human densities and seasonality. - 5/25/17
Mara honored with a Young Researcher award
Mara received the award at the 2017 International Symposium on Plasticity and its Current Applications. - 5/3/17
Tenner honored with Early Career Award
The DHS has funded Tenner for research in technical nuclear forensics. - 4/12/17
Risk analysis for CO2 sequestration at enhanced oil recovery sites
Los Alamos has developed a generic multi-scale statistical framework for CO2 accounting and risk analysis in CO2-enhanced oil recovery sites. - 3/28/17
Echo software revolutionizes data analysis
A team of engineers have developed Echo, a new data analysis environment. - 3/16/17
Bose-Einstein condensate observed in room-temperature experiment
New substance may be useful for phonon-based quantum computers; may shed light on conditions required to form biological Fröhlich condensates of collective modes. - 3/8/17
Pilania awarded Humboldt Research Foundation Fellowship
Ghanshyam Pilania is the recipient of a Humboldt Research Fellowship for Postdoctoral Researchers presented by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. - 2/13/17
Narrowing the search for new materials
Researchers have now combined data analytics and materials knowledge in the form of theory to guide experiments in the design of novel lead-free piezoelectrics. - 2/7/17
Livescu named AIAA Associate Fellow
Daniel Livescu is a new Associate Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA). - 1/18/17
Imaging the operation of high explosive detonators
A new capability combines state-of-the-art imaging capabilities with computed tomographic reconstruction in experiments performed at the Argonne National Laboratory's Advanced Photon Source. - 1/17/17
You think the reference in that online article links to what the author referenced?
This new paper is the first to scientifically quantify Content Drift for references to web pages made in scientific articles. - 1/5/17
In the quest for the origin of the elements, it helps to know where to look
How did the elements on the periodic table get produced? - 1/5/17
Self-assembly approach to engineer nanoscale metamaterials discovered
A research team has developed a novel self-assembly approach to fabricate nanoscale metamaterials made of metallic nanopillars in oxide matrices. - 1/4/17
Solar cell material is self-healing
Scientists at Los Alamos National Laboratory have been exploring a different material for constructing solar cells. - 1/4/17

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Postcard from the Past - Return to Council of War
Written by Dick Perue
In our last "Postcard" we related how Chico saved Charley Smith from being gored by a wild cow. In his book "My Sporting Holidays," English nobleman and Wyoming ranch owner Henry Seton-Karr continues the story as thus:
"To return now to our council of war.
"'That was a handy throw of yours this afternoon,' remarked Frank to Chico.
"'Maybe it had been better for this outfit if I'd missed that darned heifer!' retorted Chico.
"We both looked at him in some surprise.
"'See here, boss,' continued Chico, turning to me, 'Can I fire any of the hands I want to?'
"Frank and I assured him that he could, if the reasons were good.
"In response to further inquiry, it came out that Charley Smith and one Al Hurt, a Rawlins local butcher, had recently registered a brand, the 'flat-iron,' into which the 'Pick' brand could, with a few deft touches of a hot iron, be easily converted; that Charley's cows on the Pick range were increasing in number with surprising rapidity; that Charley could, single-handed, rope and throw any cow or steer on the range; and that, in short, some straight cattle-stealing was going on at the expense of the Pick Company, which he, Chico, was considerably qualified if he was not going to stop. Frank usually left all the details of running a roundup to the foreman, and in this case he was remaining behind at the ranch for a few days to attend to some business details, so that it was agreed to give Chico a free hand.
"The next day our hunting party crossed the North Platte River, and two days after, we were camped in a mountain valley, intent on a month's shooting and camp-life. The roundup party was to start on the day following.
"The Medicine Bow Range is now, to all intents and purposes, hunted out, but in those days it was different. Sheep ranching was in its infancy, and game had not yet been driven out or exterminated in this district of the Rockies. I had seen some fresh elk (wapiti) tracks as we got into our permanent camp that night, and as we sat round the camp-fire after supper, smoking the anticipatory and contemplative pipe, I well remember looking forward to the morrow with the keen delight only known in its fullness to the hunter who has just reached the happy hunting-grounds.
"Coming events, we are told, cast their shadows before, but not an inkling of the tragedy that had then occurred, as it happened, on Sand Creek, 30 miles or so away, crossed our minds; not a single foreboding of the news that was to reach us within 24 hours, and change all our plans, deepened the shadows of the night. . . ."
But, then, that's another cow chip to throw on the next campfire.


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Hello and welcome to the new By The Book website! The website is now mobile and tablet friendly so you can easily view our catalogue or browse the online store while on the go.
Wendy Plunkett from Wodonga Primary School.
Do you have a copy of Ash Road by Ivan Southall?