text:
Application of a novel method to estimate incidence of hepatitis C among injecting drug users in Scotland
N. Palmateer, E. Allen, A. Taylor, S. Hutchinson, D. Goldberg
Research output: Contribution to journal › Conference Contribution › peer-review
Prevalence of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Scotland is high. Through an HCV Action Plan, the Scottish Government has invested significantly in harm reduction interventions with the goal of reducing HCV transmission among IDUs. In evaluating the effectiveness of interventions, estimates of the incidence, rather than the prevalence, of HCV are essential. The traditional approach to measuring incidence—follow-up of a cohort of uninfected individuals to measure seroconversion—can, however, be costly and suffer high participant attrition rates. We report the first large-scale, national application of a novel method designed to determine incidence of HCV using a cross-sectional design.
During 2008–2009, IDUs were recruited from needle exchange services, completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire and provided a dried blood spot for anonymous HCV-antibody (anti-HCV) and HCV-RNA testing. Incident infections were defined as individuals who were anti-HCV negative and HCV-RNA positive.
Prevalence of anti-HCV was 55% among the 2563 participants. Among anti-HCV negative respondents, twenty-one were HCV-RNA positive, yielding an incidence estimate of 12.1 per 100 person-years (corresponding to a viraemic pre-seroconversion window period of 51 days). Individuals currently receiving methadone had lower odds of incident infection (adjusted OR 0.15; 95% CI 0.035 to 0.68) relative to those on methadone in the previous 6 months (but not currently).
This approach to measuring incidence will allow us to gauge the impact of preventive interventions associated with the HCV Action Plan.
P1-44
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
Supplement 1
https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2011.142976c.37
IEA World Congress of Epidemiology - Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Duration: 7 Aug 2011 → 11 Aug 2011
IDU
injecting drug user
10.1136/jech.2011.142976c.37
Palmateer, N., Allen, E., Taylor, A., Hutchinson, S., & Goldberg, D. (2011). Application of a novel method to estimate incidence of hepatitis C among injecting drug users in Scotland. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 65(Supplement 1), A79-A79. [P1-44]. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2011.142976c.37
Palmateer, N. ; Allen, E. ; Taylor, A. ; Hutchinson, S. ; Goldberg, D. / Application of a novel method to estimate incidence of hepatitis C among injecting drug users in Scotland. In: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 2011 ; Vol. 65, No. Supplement 1. pp. A79-A79.
@article{d7b2a501960a4edca6433f42073d04af,
title = "Application of a novel method to estimate incidence of hepatitis C among injecting drug users in Scotland",
abstract = "Prevalence of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Scotland is high. Through an HCV Action Plan, the Scottish Government has invested significantly in harm reduction interventions with the goal of reducing HCV transmission among IDUs. In evaluating the effectiveness of interventions, estimates of the incidence, rather than the prevalence, of HCV are essential. The traditional approach to measuring incidence—follow-up of a cohort of uninfected individuals to measure seroconversion—can, however, be costly and suffer high participant attrition rates. We report the first large-scale, national application of a novel method designed to determine incidence of HCV using a cross-sectional design.During 2008–2009, IDUs were recruited from needle exchange services, completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire and provided a dried blood spot for anonymous HCV-antibody (anti-HCV) and HCV-RNA testing. Incident infections were defined as individuals who were anti-HCV negative and HCV-RNA positive.Prevalence of anti-HCV was 55% among the 2563 participants. Among anti-HCV negative respondents, twenty-one were HCV-RNA positive, yielding an incidence estimate of 12.1 per 100 person-years (corresponding to a viraemic pre-seroconversion window period of 51 days). Individuals currently receiving methadone had lower odds of incident infection (adjusted OR 0.15; 95% CI 0.035 to 0.68) relative to those on methadone in the previous 6 months (but not currently).This approach to measuring incidence will allow us to gauge the impact of preventive interventions associated with the HCV Action Plan.",
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author = "N. Palmateer and E. Allen and A. Taylor and S. Hutchinson and D. Goldberg",
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pages = "A79--A79",
journal = "Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health",
number = "Supplement 1",
note = "IEA World Congress of Epidemiology ; Conference date: 07-08-2011 Through 11-08-2011",
Palmateer, N, Allen, E, Taylor, A, Hutchinson, S & Goldberg, D 2011, 'Application of a novel method to estimate incidence of hepatitis C among injecting drug users in Scotland', Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, vol. 65, no. Supplement 1, P1-44, pp. A79-A79. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2011.142976c.37
Application of a novel method to estimate incidence of hepatitis C among injecting drug users in Scotland. / Palmateer, N.; Allen, E.; Taylor, A.; Hutchinson, S.; Goldberg, D.
In: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, Vol. 65, No. Supplement 1, P1-44, 2011, p. A79-A79.
T1 - Application of a novel method to estimate incidence of hepatitis C among injecting drug users in Scotland
AU - Palmateer, N.
AU - Allen, E.
AU - Taylor, A.
AU - Hutchinson, S.
AU - Goldberg, D.
N2 - Prevalence of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Scotland is high. Through an HCV Action Plan, the Scottish Government has invested significantly in harm reduction interventions with the goal of reducing HCV transmission among IDUs. In evaluating the effectiveness of interventions, estimates of the incidence, rather than the prevalence, of HCV are essential. The traditional approach to measuring incidence—follow-up of a cohort of uninfected individuals to measure seroconversion—can, however, be costly and suffer high participant attrition rates. We report the first large-scale, national application of a novel method designed to determine incidence of HCV using a cross-sectional design.During 2008–2009, IDUs were recruited from needle exchange services, completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire and provided a dried blood spot for anonymous HCV-antibody (anti-HCV) and HCV-RNA testing. Incident infections were defined as individuals who were anti-HCV negative and HCV-RNA positive.Prevalence of anti-HCV was 55% among the 2563 participants. Among anti-HCV negative respondents, twenty-one were HCV-RNA positive, yielding an incidence estimate of 12.1 per 100 person-years (corresponding to a viraemic pre-seroconversion window period of 51 days). Individuals currently receiving methadone had lower odds of incident infection (adjusted OR 0.15; 95% CI 0.035 to 0.68) relative to those on methadone in the previous 6 months (but not currently).This approach to measuring incidence will allow us to gauge the impact of preventive interventions associated with the HCV Action Plan.
AB - Prevalence of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Scotland is high. Through an HCV Action Plan, the Scottish Government has invested significantly in harm reduction interventions with the goal of reducing HCV transmission among IDUs. In evaluating the effectiveness of interventions, estimates of the incidence, rather than the prevalence, of HCV are essential. The traditional approach to measuring incidence—follow-up of a cohort of uninfected individuals to measure seroconversion—can, however, be costly and suffer high participant attrition rates. We report the first large-scale, national application of a novel method designed to determine incidence of HCV using a cross-sectional design.During 2008–2009, IDUs were recruited from needle exchange services, completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire and provided a dried blood spot for anonymous HCV-antibody (anti-HCV) and HCV-RNA testing. Incident infections were defined as individuals who were anti-HCV negative and HCV-RNA positive.Prevalence of anti-HCV was 55% among the 2563 participants. Among anti-HCV negative respondents, twenty-one were HCV-RNA positive, yielding an incidence estimate of 12.1 per 100 person-years (corresponding to a viraemic pre-seroconversion window period of 51 days). Individuals currently receiving methadone had lower odds of incident infection (adjusted OR 0.15; 95% CI 0.035 to 0.68) relative to those on methadone in the previous 6 months (but not currently).This approach to measuring incidence will allow us to gauge the impact of preventive interventions associated with the HCV Action Plan.
KW - IDU
KW - injecting drug user
KW - Scotland
KW - hepatitis C
U2 - 10.1136/jech.2011.142976c.37
DO - 10.1136/jech.2011.142976c.37
SP - A79-A79
JO - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
JF - Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
IS - Supplement 1
M1 - P1-44
T2 - IEA World Congress of Epidemiology
Y2 - 7 August 2011 through 11 August 2011
Palmateer N, Allen E, Taylor A, Hutchinson S, Goldberg D. Application of a novel method to estimate incidence of hepatitis C among injecting drug users in Scotland. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 2011;65(Supplement 1):A79-A79. P1-44. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2011.142976c.37


text:
Pacific Drilling strikes deal with creditors. No recovery for common shareholders
Offshore driller Pacific Drilling said on Monday its plan of reorganization filed on July 31, 2018, based on a proposal presented to the Company's Board of Directors by an ad hoc group of its secured creditors, now has the full support of the company's majority shareholder, Quantum Pacific ('QP').
Pacific Bora drillship; Image by Jacklee/Wikimedia. Shared under CC BY-SA 3.0 license
The driller said the plan had already been supported by all of the Company's major creditor interests. Under the Plan, existing holders of Pacific Drilling common shares would receive no recovery.
"With QP's participation, the company expects a smooth plan confirmation process and a quick emergence from its Chapter 11 proceedings," Pacific Drilling said.
Under the plan to the Plan, Pacific Drilling expects to raise $1.5 billion of new capital comprised of $1.0 billion in a combination of first and second lien secured notes and $500 million of equity through a rights offering and a private placement.
Pacific Drilling CEO Paul Reese commented, 'The agreement reached by QP and the Ad Hoc Group delivers the final piece needed to make the Company's Plan a consensual one that has the support of the Company's major stakeholders. The agreement should allow the Plan to move forward efficiently and expeditiously through the implementation and confirmation process.'
'Ample liquidity'
Under the agreement reached in successful mediation proceedings, QP and its investment partners will commit to purchase $100 million of the first lien secured notes and $100 million of the second lien secured notes to be issued pursuant to the third-party syndicated financing contemplated by the Plan and will commit to purchase $50 million of the new equity in the Company through a private placement.
Cyril Ducau, the Company's Chairman of the Board, stated, 'After over a year of negotiations, we are happy to see a breakthrough in the talks between the Quantum Pacific Group and the Ad Hoc Group. With significant new capital commitments from both groups and the support from all stakeholders, Pacific Drilling is now on track to exit Chapter 11 with one of the strongest balance sheets in the industry and ample liquidity to see it through the long-expected recovery of the offshore drilling industry.'
Upon consummation of the Plan, the Company expects to pay all unsecured trade claims in full. Consummation of the Plan is subject to execution and delivery of definitive agreements, Bankruptcy Court approval, completion of the anticipated financing transactions and other customary conditions.
"Given the consensus now achieved among all of the Company's key stakeholders, it is expected that the remainder of the Chapter 11 proceedings can be concluded quickly," Pacific Drilling said.
Posted on August 21, 2018 with tags Pacific Drilling.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Ronald (Ronny) Jumeau, representative of the President of Seychelles on the Board of the Global Island Partnership, is also Seychelles' Permanent Representative (Ambassador) to the United Nations, Ambassador to the United States and unofficial ambassador for climate change, sustainable development, oceans and other SIDS issues. He is also the Alternate Member of the Board of the Green Climate Fund (GCF), representing Small Island Developing States (SIDS), and a Member of the Executive Council of SIDS DOCK, the global sustainable energy and climate resilience organisation for Small Island Developing States (SIDS). He was Chair of the GLISPA Steering Committee from 2013 to 2015 and is currently the Seychelles board member.


text:
Hot Topics at Debating London – Vauxhall
By MD on March 24, 2018 in Do
Rhetoric – the art of persuasion, or the art of manipulation? It's a question that perplexed many of the ancient Greeks, including Plato and Aristotle, and is hugely relevant today. Aristotle identified three elements of rhetoric: ethos – the esteem and respect the audience has for the speaker; pathos – the speaker's appeal to the emotions, and thirdly, logos – the use of logic and knowledge to inform an argument.
We can see all three of these elements in the greatest and most passionate public debate of our time – Brexit. Both sides wheeled out experts to give credibility to their arguments, emotional appeal was everywhere and endless 'facts' were produced to convince the public to vote leave or remain. The process may have been imperfect, but nevertheless it's clear that debate is fundamental to a democratic society.
Putting your point over with passion
Debating London is a bi-monthly series of debates organised by The Great Debaters Club. Based at the lovely Tea House Theatre in Vauxhall, the events are free, open to all and cover topics of current interest. In a period when public discourse seems to have become more and more polarised, often descending into personal insult and invective, we went along to see if it was still possible to have a civilised yet robust discussion of a current hot topic. In fact, it turned out to be a really interesting and stimulating event.
The opposition disagrees
The evening is organised like this: firstly the audience is invited to confer with their immediate neighbours about the topic for 5-10 minutes – in this way you get to know some of the people around you and get a feel for where the topic might lead. An audience vote is taken – usually there are quite a lot of abstentions at this stage. Then, the first of three speakers for each side is invited to speak for a maximum of five minutes each, followed by questions from the floor. The second speakers from each side then develop the points for and against, again followed by more questions. After a 10-15 minute break, the chair asks for any contributions from the floor, lasting about 20 minutes, and the evening is rounded off by the summary speakers and a final vote.
Question from the floor
One of the interesting things about the debates is that, on average 20% of the audience change their vote after hearing the arguments. Another fascinating aspect is that, after the result is announced, each main speaker reveals their true personal standpoint, which is often the opposite of their side in the debate. The point is that the club exists to train people in public speaking, developing their confidence and argumentation skills, as well as providing a lively forum for public debate. Topics are decided a week in advance to ensure relevance: recent topics include; should crypto-currencies be made legal, should the UK join the EU customs union, and does identity undermine diversity. You can see all the topics and results on the Debating London website.
The final vote
These days it's easy to be a 'keyboard warrior' on social media, but it's a lot more difficult to stand up in a crowded room, make a coherent argument and have it challenged by an audience. I'm not sure what Aristotle would make of Twitter, but I'm pretty sure he would approve of Debating London.
WeFiFo Dinner Party at Ronnie Murray, Peckham
A Summer of Food at Mercato Metropolitano – Borough


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text:
What they said about the Irish Open at Royal Portrush - five Major winners on playing Portrush
DARREN CLARKE - "Everyone who knows me knows that I have been looking forward to the Irish Open on my home cour...
PATRICK COUNIHAN
Portrush Golf Course County Antrim Google Images
"Everyone who knows me knows that I have been looking forward to the Irish Open on my home course ever since it was announced. I will really be raring to go.Everyone in Northern Ireland is counting down the hours for this championship to start and I'm one of them."
KEEGAN BRADLEY
"I'm very proud of my Irish heritage and I've wanted to represent them in the Irish national championship. Also, Graeme and Darren both have told me what a fabulous layout Portrush is, so I'm doubly excited about the opportunity to compete there."
"I came close to winning the North of Ireland Amateur Open there a fair few times but never quite managed it, so to win the first Irish Open to be held in Northern Ireland in my lifetime would be very special. It's my favourite golf course in the world."
GRAEME McDOWELL
"Having lived and grown up in Portrush all my life, it's definitely a dream come true and I'm going to be very proud to welcome The European Tour to my neck of the woods. I'd love to win it. To win the Irish Open at Royal Portrush would be right up there with a Major Championship."
"It would be incredible to win. I haven't played competitively at Royal Portrush since 2005, so to go back there and have the chance to win my National Open is something that is very, very important to me. Hopefully I can give it a real good go this year."


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text:
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Goodwill. Goodwill represents the cost in excess of the fair value of the net assets acquired in a business combination. As discussed in Note 1, goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis and on an interim basis if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. We perform our annual goodwill impairment tests as of September 30 each year. The fair value estimates for our reporting units were determined using a combination of the income and market approaches in accordance with the Company's methodology. Our annual impairment tests as of September 30, 2016, 2015 and 2014 resulted in no impairment of goodwill.
In the first quarter of 2016, we acquired Veda, which operates primarily in Australia and New Zealand. We have included Veda's operations within a newly-created Asia Pacific reporting unit within the International operating segment. Additionally, we moved the TDX Australia and India operations that were included in our Europe reporting unit to the Asia Pacific reporting unit to align with how we manage our business. Our financial results for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, reflect our new organizational structure. Lastly in 2016, we have renamed our Personal Solutions operating segment Global Consumer Solutions.
To reflect this new organizational structure, we have reallocated goodwill from the Europe reporting unit to the Asia Pacific reporting unit based on the relative fair values of the respective portions of Europe. A change in reporting units requires that goodwill be tested for impairment. During 2016, we performed goodwill impairment tests prior to and following the reallocation of goodwill, which resulted in no impairment.
In the third quarter of 2016, we acquired Barnett and Computersoft for which the acquired goodwill has been allocated between the Verification Services and Employer Services reporting units within the Workforce Solutions operating segment.
In 2015, the personal solutions business in the United Kingdom was consolidated into the North America Global Consumer Solutions operating segment, which was reorganized into the Global Consumer Solutions operating segment. Additionally in 2015, the direct to consumer reseller businesses in the U.S., Canada, and the United Kingdom were also consolidated into the Global Consumer Solutions operating segment. These changes were driven by an enterprise wide strategy to maximize the penetration of our products and services in our targeted markets. We determined that market focus and operating efficiency could be further improved by reorganizing and consolidating the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom Global Consumer Solutions and direct to consumer reseller operating activities into one segment, Global Consumer Solutions.
To reflect this new organizational structure, we have reallocated goodwill from the USIS, Canada, and Europe reporting units to the Global Consumer Solutions reporting unit based on the relative fair values of the respective portions of USIS, Canada, and Europe. A change in reporting units requires that goodwill be tested for impairment. During 2015, we performed goodwill impairment tests prior to and following the reallocation of goodwill for USIS, Canada, Europe and Global Consumer Solutions, which resulted in no impairment.
On July 1, 2014 the North America Commercial Solutions operating segment was consolidated into the U.S. Consumer Information Solutions and International operating segments. The change was driven by an enterprise wide distribution marketing strategy to maximize the penetration of our products and services in our targeted markets. In an effort to accelerate our penetration and simplify how our commercial information customers interact with us, we have reorganized our operating segments. The U.S. portion of the North America Commercial Solutions ("NACS") operating segment was consolidated into the U.S. Consumer Information Solutions operating segment. The combined operating segment was renamed U.S. Information Solutions. The Canadian portion of the NACS operating segment was consolidated into the Canada operations of the International operating segment. To reflect this new organizational structure, we have reallocated goodwill from NACS reporting unit to U.S. Information Solutions and Canada reporting units based on the relative fair values of the respective
portions of NACS, in accordance with ASC 350. When reporting units are changed, ASC 350 requires that goodwill be tested for impairment. During the third quarter of 2014, we performed our goodwill impairment test prior to and following the reallocation of goodwill, which resulted in no impairment.
Changes in the amount of goodwill for the twelve months ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, are as follows:
Global Consumer Solutions
Balance, December 31, 2014(1)
Foreign currency translation
Balance, December 31, 2015
Adjustments to initial purchase price allocation
(1)The December 31, 2014 balances have been recast to reflect the new organizational structure. As of December 31, 2014, the Global Consumer Solutions goodwill includes $49.3 million and $88.8 million of goodwill from the USIS and International segments, respectively.
Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets. Indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of indefinite-lived reacquired rights representing the value of rights which we had granted to various affiliate credit reporting agencies that were reacquired in the U.S. and Canada. At the time we acquired these agreements, they were considered perpetual in nature under the accounting guidance in place at that time and, therefore, the useful lives are considered indefinite. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized. We are required to test indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually and whenever events or circumstances indicate that there may be an impairment of the asset value. We perform our annual indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment test as of September 30. Our 2016 annual impairment test completed during the third quarter of 2016 resulted in no impairment of indefinite-lived intangible assets.
Purchased Intangible Assets. Purchased intangible assets net, recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2016 and 2015, are as follows:
Accumulated
Definite-lived intangible assets:
Purchased data files
Acquired software and technology
Reacquired rights
Proprietary database
Trade names and other intangible assets
Total definite-lived intangible assets
Amortization expense related to purchased intangible assets was $176.5 million, $122.3 million, and $129.9 million during the twelve months ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively.
Estimated future amortization expense related to definite-lived purchased intangible assets at December 31, 2016 is as follows:
Name: us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureAbstract
The entire disclosure for the aggregate amount of goodwill and a description of intangible assets, which may include (a) for amortizable intangible assets (also referred to as finite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, the amount of any significant residual value, and the weighted-average amortization period, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization (also referred to as indefinite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, and (c) the amount of research and development assets acquired and written off in the period, including the line item in the income statement in which the amounts written off are aggregated, if not readily apparent from the income statement. Also discloses (a) for amortizable intangibles assets in total and by major class, the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization, the total amortization expense for the period, and the estimated aggregate amortization expense for each of the five succeeding fiscal years, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization the carrying amount in total and by major class, and (c) for goodwill, in total and for each reportable segment, the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the period (including the aggregate amount of goodwill acquired, the aggregate amount of impairment losses recognized, and the amount of goodwill included in the gain (loss) on disposal of a reporting unit). If any part of goodwill has not been allocated to a reportable segment, discloses the unallocated amount and the reasons for not allocating. For each impairment loss recognized related to an intangible asset (excluding goodwill), discloses: (a) a description of the impaired intangible asset and the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method for determining fair value, (c) the caption in the income statement or the statement of activities in which the impairment loss is aggregated, and (d) the segment in which the impaired intangible asset is reported. For each goodwill impairment loss recognized, discloses: (a) a description of the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method of determining the fair value of the associated reporting unit, and (c) if a recognized impairment loss is an estimate not finalized and the reasons why the estimate is not final. May also disclose the nature and amount of any significant adjustments made to a previous estimate of an impairment loss.
Name: us-gaap_GoodwillAndIntangibleAssetsDisclosureTextBlock


Occoquan Bible Church: Woodbridge, VA > Why take our kids to worship?
We invite you to reread Jared's helpful post "Why take our kids to worship?" as we get ready for the upcoming change to our Sunday morning schedule.
Taking your child to the Sunday worship service can be jarring. Trust me, I know -- it once gave me a concussion.
Years ago, we had recently begun introducing our then 4 year-old to the worship service, with all the potential misbehavior that entails. During corporate prayer, my son decided to lay down on the floor. Like a good father, I knelt over him and told him immediately to get up. Like a good son, he obeyed immediately and enthusiastically – a little too enthusiastically.
As he jumped up, the full weight of his 95th percentile head drove directly into my semi-opened jaw. My teeth sank into my tongue before sending the rest of my cranium upward, and for a fleeting moment I saw stars. Somehow I managed to make it through the rest of the service with a growing dull buzz inside my head. The incident gave me a new perspective on impactful worship.
Not every instance of bringing our kids to the worship service is like that, of course, but it can be a difficult transition – both for our little ones and for us. To help ease that transition, I'd like to take a look at the topic of children in corporate worship in two parts: first, the "why" of having kids join us there, and then in the next post we'll look at some practical ways to make that happen.
So, why does Occoquan Bible Church encourage kids to sit in worship with their families? I'd like to focus on four areas why I believe this is helpful: discipleship, education, tradition, and opportunity.
At the core of Jesus's Great Commission to his disciples (Matthew 28:19-20) is the call to make disciples of all nations, or people groups. The "all" in "all nations" includes the very people within our own families, and the commission is not restricted to age. The making of disciples is seldom an abbreviated event. It more often than not takes a long time. Discipleship in following Christ certainly takes place after our conversion, but it in many ways takes place before it as well.
Hearing the gospel preached, and seeing its affects in the corporate worship of the church family is a powerful way to make disciples. What better way for a child to be introduced to what it means to be a disciple than to experience life with disciples of all ages and levels of maturity?
It follows that the words of God should be taught to our own children today. A corporate worship service in which the Scripture is read, biblically-rich songs are sung, and the whole counsel of the word of God is preached only helps us to teach the word to our kids.
The art of listening to a sermon is not something easily obtained in the soundbyte social media-driven culture in which we live. There is virtually nowhere else kids will learn this skill, and there's no other way to learn than to sit in on sermons and listen to them (although there are ways to facilitate this, which we will look at next week).
Someone who is suddenly introduced to a worship service as a teenager will have a much more difficult time learning how to listen to a sermon than one who has been raised to slowly appreciate the intricacies of this unique (and biblical) form of communication. Being in the worship service teaches them how to worship.
Evangelicalism has a long history of eschewing tradition. You might say it's our tradition to not think much of tradition. But therein lies the rub. Evangelicals are right to not blindly serve tradition, but there is no biblical prohibition on allowing tradition to serve us and our children. Seeing my grandfather give the offertory prayer as I stood and sang beside my grandmother who had the hymnal memorized was a powerful influence upon me as a kid.
Jude urges the audience of his epistle "to contend for the faith that was once for all delivered to the saints" (Jude 1:3b, ESV). The faith that was delivered to those who went before us is the same faith that is now being handed down to us. While it is possible to pick up bad habits from tradition, it's also possible for tradition to help keep us from falling into error. When novel teachings arise in the church, their very novelty can be a warning to us: if no one has ever done this before, is it wise for us to start now?
When children are raised in the "ancient paths" (Jer. 6:16), they have at least a starting point from which to find the good way, and to walk in it.
Even if our children don't at first understand everything that is encompassed in the readings, songs, and preaching – and make no mistake, they won't understand it all – one thing they will understand are the people who love them and who are standing beside them.
They won't understand it all, but that gives us a great opportunity to explain to them what they don't understand. Children hear more than you think, and you might be surprised at what your four year-old will ask you about when you think she is completely tuned out. In worship, we have the opportunity to introduce our children to a taste of the eternal – God's people worshiping together. At its least, worship attendance with your child may cause them to ask you for a reason for the hope that is in you (1 Peter 3:15).
As I mentioned before, transitioning kids to the worship service is difficult, but it is a difficulty worth having. You may have a few months (or a few years) of distraction. IF all else fails, we archive the sermons on the website. The distraction won't last forever, but you might just be building upon something that will.
This all sounds good, you say, but how do we put this into practice? Easier said than done, right? In the next post, we'll look at some practical ways to help your kids make the transition to worship (which may or may not involve duct tape!).


text:
From L.A. to the Farm
Informing Urbanites about Agriculture
#AgChat
FDA's Pesticide Residue Monitoring Report -something consumers should know, but nobody's talking about
February 16, 2019 February 16, 2019 / Charles J Wallace	/ 1 Comment
On October 23, 2018, I ran across a tweet from Jon Entine at the Genetic Literacy Project that caught my interest. It was an article referencing a piece from Keith Nunes titled, "F.D.A pesticide data demonstrate industry commitment to food safety" published in The Food Business News. As Entine noted, the data should have helped to alleviate the public's fear of chemicals in food, and yet no news organizations covered the story.
According to Nunes, The International Food Information Council Foundation (IFIC) conducted a survey in 2018 that identified the top three food safety concerns for consumers. Foodborne illness was the top concern, followed by "carcinogens or cancer-causing chemicals in food," "chemicals in food," and "pesticides/pesticide residues," all of which are similar. As Nunes notes, "the IFIC survey clearly shows some consumers have significant concerns about how raw materials are processed, and food and beverage products are formulated."
However, there is a report that has received little attention, and as Nunes and Entine note could help calm some of the fears that consumers have. The FDA's Pesticide Residue Monitoring program released in October published findings from 7,413 samples in its regulatory monitoring program: 6,946 human foods and 467 animal foods in 2016.
Of the 6,946 human foods, 4,276 were imported foods, and 2,670 were from 46 states and U.S. territories. The FDA found that over 99 % of domestic and 90 % of import human foods were compliant with federal standards. Further, no pesticide chemical residues were found in 52.9 % of the domestic and 50.7 % of the import samples that were analyzed. In its regulatory pesticide residue monitoring program, FDA selectively monitors a broad range of import and domestic commodities for residues of over 700 different pesticides and selected industrial compounds.
The study also tested 527 samples of domestic milk, shell eggs, honey, and game meat samples. Only one of the 527 samples were found to be violative. 98.0% of the milk, 83.8% of the egg, and 72.9% of the honey samples had no residues.
Another aspect of the testing is a program called the Total Diet Study (TDS), which is based on what consumers eat, and they buy, prepare and analyze about 280 kinds of foods and beverages from representative areas of the country, four times a year. FDA analyzed 1,062 total samples in the TDS program and found no foods contained violative pesticide levels. Of all the residues found in TDS foods, 87 % percent were at levels below 0.01 parts per million (ppm), and 2 % were above 0.1 ppm or 100 parts per billion (ppb). (Remember the Cheerios scare?)
For the first time, the FDA conducted a study to test for the presence of glyphosate and glufosinate. The FDA analyzed, "glyphosate and glufosinate residue levels in 274 grain corn, 267 soybean, 113 milk, and 106 egg samples. No samples contained violative levels of glyphosate or glufosinate, and no residues were found in the milk and egg samples. Non-violative levels of glyphosate were found in 173 (63.1%) of the corn samples and 178 (67.0%) of the soybean samples and non-violative levels of glufosinate were found in 4 (1.4%) of the corn samples and 3 (1.1%) soybean samples."
Lastly, the FDA also tested 467 animal food samples, 242 samples were domestic, and 225 samples were imports. No residues were found in 104 (43.0 %) of the 242 domestic samples, and 0.8 % (2 samples) were violative. Of the 225 import samples, 123 (54.7 %) contained no residues and 3.1 % (7 samples) were violative. Commodities used to feed livestock consumed by humans comprised a minimum of 81.8 % of the samples analyzed, i.e., Whole and Ground Grains/Seeds, Mixed Livestock Food Rations, Medicated Livestock Food Rations, Plant Byproducts, and Hay and Silage. Of the 367 samples analyzed from these five animal food categories, four violations (1.1 %) were found.
According to Nunes and the IFIC survey, consumers were also asked who they trust when it comes to making recommendations on what food to eat and avoid, and the FDA was listed at 38%. The only group that ranked higher was health care professionals and nutritionists. These professionals, along with those who talk about food, agriculture and the issues affecting consumers need to spread the information and to dispel those who continue to or will fight these figures and spread evidence based on what they deem to fit their views.
Conservation Programs in the Farm Bill – A win-win-win for farmers, environmentalists, and … hunters?
November 16, 2018 November 16, 2018 / Charles J Wallace	/ Leave a comment
When most people think of the Farm Bill, they think of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) or crop insurance for farmers. While these two programs make up most of the funding for the Farm Bill, there are many other aspects to the bill, and one is for conservation. While the 2018 Farm Bill is currently in limbo, the House wants to cut programs by merging them and cut monies for a host of programs concerned with conservation. These programs are a win-win-win for farmers, conservationists, and hunters.
You may wonder hunters? I'll answer that question after a general overview of three of the larger programs that will be impacted by the 2018 Farm Bill:
Conservation Reserve Program (CRP)
This is the most substantial aspect of the conservation program, and there are currently 23.7 million acres under the supervision of the Farm Service Agency (FSA) and support from the National Resource Conservation Service (NRCS). Farmers are paid on a per acre basis for 10 to 15 years based on how land is scored on an Environmental Benefit Index (EBI) and average rents for the area. The EBI looks at erosion, water quality, wildlife benefits, and enduring benefit factors. The program was also put into place to encourage farmers not to plant certain crops due to sagging commodity prices. Pat Westoff, director of the Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute at the University of Missouri, spoke with Harvest Public Media.
"Certainly, there are people who would like to see the ability to roll more acres both for environmental purposes but also frankly as a supply-control measure," he says. "If there's less land being used for crop production, that will give at least a modest bump to commodity prices and therefore protect the income of other farmers."
Bruce Knight writing for Agri-Pulse takes a different approach, "As we look at renewing contracts on expiring acres or raising the acreage cap, we need to be sure that the program focuses on environmentally sensitive acreage, and we don't wind up with high-quality land under CRP contracts. At the birth of the CRP program, it was used to short the corn and wheat supplies – let's not make that mistake again." Knight would rather see it moved into other programs (which I will talk about below) and use CRP for nutrient runoff and specific habitat benefits rather than whole fields.
There are about 5.7 million acres that expired at the end of the funding for the Farm Bill in September. Most of that land that is expired or due to expire is currently in trees and grassland and we need to ensure that the CRP focuses on these environmentally sensitive lands. The World Wildlife Federation supports the program as it preserves grasslands from development and conversion, further supporting wildlife habitat, water conservation, and erosion control.
Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP)
The Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) provides farmers and ranchers with a financial cost-share and technical assistance to implement conservation programs. These programs include improvements to irrigation, restoring pasture, and nutrient and pest management. Payments for conservation improvements cover costs incurred from the planning, materials, equipment and installation including labor and training. The USDA may pay up to 75 percent of these costs based on water quality and improvement, air quality improvement, wildlife habitat; including pollinator habitat and invasive species management. However, socially disadvantaged, limited-resource, beginning and veteran farmer and ranchers are eligible for cost-share rates of up to 90 percent of project costs. Currently, 60 percent of the funds are set aside for livestock producers with five percent for beginning farmers and ranchers, and an additional 5 percent is set-aside for socially disadvantaged farmers – including minority and tribal producers.
The National Sustainable Agriculture Coalition (NASC) notes that between 2009 – 2015 the NRCS funded over $6.4 billion in financial and technical assistance through EQIP cost-share contracts. Over 260,000 farmers and ranchers received contracts, covering more than 81 million acres. In the fiscal year 2015 alone, there were over 32,900 EQIP contracts covering nearly 9 million acres and obligating over $861 million in financial assistance.
Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP)
The CSP works like the EQIP program and is the largest in terms of land under conservation with over 70 million acres. Through the CSP, farmers and ranchers receive technical and financial assistance to maintain existing conservation programs and technical support as well. Farmers and ranchers can implement additional conservation activities on land currently in agriculture production. The CSP program targets are funding activities such as: assist farmers and ranchers improve soil, water, and air quality including conservation of water and energy; provide increased biodiversity and wildlife and pollinator habitat; sequester carbon and reduce greenhouse gases to mitigate climate change. Payments are determined by costs incurred for the design, materials, installation, labor and maintenance or training. Additional payments are made for crop rotations that include cover crops, and forages that help to sequester greenhouse gases. According to the NASC, "Payments are capped at $40,000 per year or $200,000 over the life of the 5-year contract. Nationwide, payments and technical assistance average $18 per acre. However, payment amounts vary greatly, from lower-cost rangeland improvement contracts to mid-range pasture contracts to higher-range cropland contracts."
Under the House version of the Farm Bill, this program would be eliminated and merged into the EQIP program. Eliminating this program would be counter-intuitive as a report issued by NASC states that members the Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS), asserts that for every dollar spent on the program ~$3.95 is generated in the returned value. States primarily in the Upper Great Plains and the Midwest will see a net decrease in funding over ten years.
Win-Win-Win
By now you may be asking, how does this benefit hunters? In an article published in AgWeek this October, hunters were lamenting this year for the pheasant season in North Dakota. Part of the reason was the decline in acreage in the CRP program. In 2007, during the height of acreage in the program, "populations of pheasants, waterfowl, deer and other wildlife soared, and North Dakota hunters in 2007 shot 907,434 roosters, Game and Fish statistics show." Since that time land enrolled in the program has declined, and that number dwindled to 309,400. Game and Fish has worked with farmers and Pheasants Forever to plant cover crops and other alternative practices on less profitable land to restore the population. Both versions from the House and Senate of the Farm Bill will increase CRP acreage, but the other conservation programs will also help restore habitat, not only for pheasants but other wildlife as well. This is a win for environmentalists to establish more property into conservation programs, and a win for farmers to get assistance for their less-profitable land, make their farms more sustainable and improved for future generations.
There are some people who think there will be some efforts to pass a Farm Bill during the lame-duck session at the end of the year. If so, contact your representative in the House and let them know you want to maintain these conservation programs and to pass the Senate version of the bill.
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text:
Back to the Woods è un cortometraggio muto del 1919 diretto da Hal Roach. Il film, di genere comico, fu interpretato da Harold Lloyd, Snub Pollard, Bebe Daniels.

Trama
Harold e Snub sono autoproclamati cacciatori di selvaggina grossa che si fermano in un remoto avamposto. Assumono due guide indigene per condurli nel bosco, ma le guide corrono terrorizzate quando vedono un orso piuttosto addomesticato in lontananza. Harold è seccato di non riuscire a trovare nessun orso da cacciare, ignaro che due timidi orsi lo stanno seguendo da vicino. Nel frattempo Snub incontra un gatto selvatico altrettanto docile che mangia il suo pranzo al sacco. Snub scappa via. Tornato all'avamposto, Harold salva Jeanne due volte, una dalle grinfie di un corteggiatore indesiderato e una da uno degli orsi. Jeanne, grata e armata di pistola, dice ad Harold che vuole che lui sia il suo "tesoro".

Voci correlate
Filmografia di Harold Lloyd

Collegamenti esterni

Cortometraggi commedia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Archirodon, a large diversified international contracting organization, was established in 1959 in the form of a J.V. of the Greek firms Archimidis, Greece's foremost marine contractor at the time and Odon & Odostromaton, a road construction specialist group.
members of the Project Team and the Regional Office.
The company in addition to a competitive salary will offer the selected candidates a package which includes accommodation, transportation, insurance, a shared scheme on pension fund, tickets for traveling to and from country of origin during vacations, etc.


I have long had my misgivings about Edupunk. I know the idea is pure in Jim Groom's heart, and I have gotten a kick out of seeing how the idea has resonated in unexpected places. But too often the baggage associated with "punk" seemed to overwhelm and distract from what I thought was a fairly simple idea of doing it ourselves. Subsequent mutations such as DS106, and "reclaiming" have captured the spirit more usefully.
But I am nothing if not shamelessly opportunistic. When I was invited to spend a little extra time in Guadalajara with Tannis and Alan to pitch in on a keynote and some workshops on the idea of Edupunk, I immediately agreed. I was pleased with how our events went this past week, though my favourite bits were those that diverged from the punk idea. Like how Tannis reworked the idea as EduBauhaus, or when we focused the discussion on the continuum between "do it for me" and "do it yourself" (and how "do it ourselves" fills a gap between them).
I'm grateful to Alan not only for making a fun movie, but also for letting me ham it up in a couple roles I truly enjoyed inhabiting. We agreed my persona should be the self-aggrandizing nostalgist who is oblivious to how his current role as an LMS manager (sadly, art imitating life on that point) undermines his credibility as an edupunk. I tried to channel the vibe of one of those self-absorbed 60's radicals who talk as if their youthful rebellion was the pinnacle of social resistance, and that subsequent movements don't measure up. Alan also invited me to indulge my love of doing horrible impersonations, this one of Jack Klugman in the legendary "punk" episode of Quincy, M.E.. (Though I was really doing Joe Flaherty's take from Quincy: Cartoon Coroner).
And damn, doesn't Jim look groovy and relaxed in his Italian digs? The Bava abides.
I was going to finish with the Rollins Band punk version of "Do It". But I'm more of a heavy psych kind of guy, and I much prefer the original version by The Pink Fairies. This song not only does it, it kills it.
Love it. Eagerly awaiting the return. I promise to behave, but then again, I'm more furious than ever!
Nice to see you swing by Leigh. I hope you don't behave *too* well.


text:
City of Tacoma » Government » City Departments and Offices » Police
About the Tacoma Police Department
In 1874, a small village on the shore of Commencement Bay incorporated as the City of Tacoma and appointed its first town marshal. Since then, we have grown to serve over 215,000 residents as an agency committed to community-oriented policing, relationship-building and reducing crime through effective partnerships. Our department is accredited by the Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies, which only 2 percent of agencies nationwide hold. The accreditation assures our policies and procedures, management, operations and support services meet the highest standards of contemporary law enforcement.
To create a safe and secure environment in which to live, work, and visit by working together with the community, enforcing the law in a fair and impartial manner, preserving the peace and order in our neighborhoods, and safeguarding our Constitutional guarantees.
Act with Integrity
Respect for Our Employees and Citizens
Service to Our Community
Accountability for Our Actions and Results
Team for the Common Good
Innovate to Better Serve
Reverence for the Law
Department Policies
Use of Deadly Force Cases
Request a Police Report
Request a Vehicle Collision Report
Concealed Pistol Licenses
Employment at TPD
Property Claim Form
Theft Inventory Form
Identity Theft Brochure
Residential Burglary Prevention Brochure
Tacoma Police Department
3701 South Pine Street
Police Non-Emergency: (253) 287-4455
Commendation of a TPD Employee
Complaint on a TPD Employee


text:
Q: Prevent page scrolling using CSS I am building an app using Bootstrap.
The panels automatically grow so the user has to scroll their browser window down, I don't want this to happen.
Here is how it looks at the moment:

I want the Chat panel to be the complete height of the browser, so that the input box and send button is at the bottom of the browser, and I want the user list to grow to the current browser window size only, and then the scrolling to happen within it.
Is it possible using CSS?

          Room:

Chat

          <form id="chat">

              <input type="text" class="form-control" id="chat-input" />

                <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Send</button>

          </form>

Users

A: Clicking on the button, you generate something. You can also type and send something. The chat window has it's own scroller. Use the full screen preview. Also since I used the scrollTop(), it always scrolls to the last message.
Snippet

$(function () {
  var sendChat = function () {
    $(".input-area .chat-area ul").append(($(".message-box").html().length) ? '
' + $(".message-box").html() + '
' : '
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Iusto optio culpa eum, hic recusandae temporibus earum consequatur laudantium esse itaque unde, vero! Sunt delectus debitis, alias reiciendis necessitatibus consectetur voluptatem.
');
    $(".message-box").html("");
    $(".input-area .chat-area ul li.just-inserted").slideDown(function () {
      $(".input-area .chat-area").scrollTop($(".input-area .chat-area ul").height());
      $(this).addClass("next-insert");
      setTimeout(function () {
        $(".next-insert").removeClass("next-insert just-inserted");
      }, 500);
    });
  };
  $(".input-area button").click(sendChat);
  $(".message-box").keydown(function (e) {
    if (e.keyCode == 13)
      sendChat();
  });
});
* {box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; font-family: Segoe UI;}
.input-area {position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; overflow: hidden; padding: 15px 350px 15px 15px;}
.input-area .message-box {border: 1px solid #999; margin: 10px 0; padding: 5px;}
.input-area button {padding: 3px 15px; cursor: pointer;}

.input-area .chat-area {position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; bottom: 10px; width: 325px; border: 1px solid #999; margin: 10px 10px 0; padding: 10px; overflow: auto;}

.input-area .chat-area ul li {margin: 5px; padding: 5px; border: 1px solid #999; transition: background-color 0.5s ease;}

.just-inserted {background: #ccc;}
.next-inserted {background: #999; color: #fff;}

Enter Message Here

  <button>Send</button>

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Iusto optio culpa eum, hic recusandae temporibus earum consequatur laudantium esse itaque unde, vero! Sunt delectus debitis, alias reiciendis necessitatibus consectetur voluptatem.

You can also fade out the new message that has got posted by the way. Have a try above.

A: Yes it is possible. You may force chat and users divs to have their own scrolls.

html,
body {
  margin: 0;
  height: 100%;
}
.chat {
  position: relative;
  float: left;
  width: 70%;
  height: 100%;
  overflow: auto;
  background: #ccc;
}
.users {
  position: relative;
  float: right;
  width: 30%;
  height: 100%;
  overflow: auto;
  background: #f00;
}
.tempHeight {
  width: 100px;
  height: 2000px;
}

Chat

User list

A: Without knowing more of your markup I can only post some help
When I want things to be full height, I set the page to know this first
html,body {
    height:100%;
}

And then the elements (if they are direct children of the body) can use this
.chat {
    height:100%; /* You may have to use some more appropriate working out here with the help of calc() maybe */
    overflow: auto /* this will allow the scroll to happen in element not in window */
}

This would be using markup similar to this

    This is the chat

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


NursingJobCafe.com - the premier career management tool for nursing professionals - is hosting an online career fair on June 19, 2019 from 6 - 9 pm EST.
Click the link to register! Once you register, you're all set. Simply log in during the event to explore exhibitor booths and chat with recruiters and employers about their job opportunities!
Our career fair will focus on ALL SPECIALTIES for Nurse Practitioners, Advanced Practice Nurses and RNs.
Interested in Exhibiting? Questions? Contact us today at (715) 803-6360 or via email at careerfairs@nursingjobcafe.com.


Crumbling stonework? Leaky roof? Clogged gutters? Overgrown grass? Pro Exterior Design, LLC can handle all of this and more. We're a comprehensive solution to your outdoor property needs, including masonry, landscaping, roofing, stonework, guttering, chimneys and patios. Call to discuss your maintenance, repair or building requirements.
We offer full chimney cleaning and repair services at a competitive price. Chimney cleaning includes a complete visual inspection from the foundation to the top of the chimney. We also offer Tuckpointing, chimney liners, caps, dampers, crowns, and stove installation inspections — and we will work with your insurance!
Masonry is one of our areas of expertise. Put us in charge of repairing your basement, water retaining wall, firebox or any stonework that may need some refreshing.
From design to repair, we cover patios, ponds, waterfalls, trees, sod, lawn maintenance, horticulture and yard configuration to make your space look its best.
As part of our general services, we also offer gutter and drain services, fencing, roofing, pressure washing, storm cleanup, tile work, painting and more.


How Does the Heart Work? Your heart muscle (myocardium) is about the size of your clenched fist. It sits behind your breastbone and beats constantly, starting shortly after conception and continuing for more than seventy years for most of us. The heart pumps oxygenated blood to all the cells in the human body, including its own cells, bringing them nourishment and hormones. It then sends the used or deoxygenated blood back to the lungs, so the process can begin again.
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) begins with a build up of plaque in either the left or right coronary artery or their branches. This reduces the supply of blood to the heart, but early on this reduction is not severe enough to compromise the heart muscle or produce any symptoms. Later, as the plaque enlarges and further reduces blood flow, this interruption can reach the critical point where the heart muscle no longer gets adequate oxygen delivery when it is working vigorously – as when you exercise.
Cardiac arrest,< though, strikes suddenly and out of the blue. Most cardiac arrests occur when the heart's powerful lower chambers, the ventricles, start beating very fast (ventricular tachycardia [ta-kih-car-dee-uh]) or fast and chaotically (ventricular fribrillation). Either one of these makes it impossible for the heart to pump blood to the body.
After just five seconds without blood circulation, a person passes out. Another few seconds, the oxygen in the brain causes nerves to start firing, making the muscles twitch and the eyes roll back. Even that activity stops in less than a minute. The chances of surviving a cardiac fall about 10% for each minute the heart stays in ventricular fibrillation. Shock the heart back into a normal rhythm within two minutes and the victim has an 80% chance of surviving. Deliver that shock after seven minutes and the odds are less than 30%.
If someone near you goes into cardiac arrest, calling 108 (Indonesia Medical Emergency) is a must. CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) is also important because it keeps blood flowing to the brain and other vital organs.
How Does Coronary Heart Disease Happen The cause of the blockages that set off these events is called atherosclerosis. The artery walls become filled with soft mushy deposits, which eventually harden to make the artery stiff and narrow. There are four steps that occur in what is known as the coronary cascade to a heart attack.
1. Weakened Lining The first step on the road to heart disease appears to require an elevated level of blood cholesterol, carried particularly in the LDL (low-density lipoproteins). When there is an excess LDL in the bloodstream, some of it moves out of the blood and into the artery wall. The higher the LDL level, the more LDL finds its way into the artery wall.
Every artery wall has three layers. The inner layer (intima), has a delicate single layer of cells (endothelial cells) between it and the bloodstream, which acts as kind of Teflon coating for the artery. High cholesterol, high blood pressure, smoking and diabetes, can disrupt the function of endothelial cells.
2. Inflammatory Response is generated by these events. The endothelial cells at key locations in the arteries release chemical messengers (chemokines), which in turn call immune cells (macrophages) to the scene. Macrophages ingest the LDL and become engorged with cholesterol, forming a foam cell (so named because the cell looks foamy). When the prey is a lipid particle that continually produced by the body, it becomes like an infection that never ends. More LDL keeps being deposited and more macrophages keep getting called to clean up the mess.
3. Plaques Form in an attempt to form a cap over the inflammation. This is the birth of smooth muscle cells, called plaque, which can narrow the artery. Some early stage plaque formation may be reversible but later stages are permanent.
4. Clot Causes Heart Attack Though the reduced blood flow caused by the plaque and inflammation taxes the heart, it usually doesn't cause a heart attack. Heart attacks occur when the plaque ruptures. Plaque deposits teem with inflammatory cells. The more inflammatory cells and cholesterol – and the thinner the cap that covers them - the more unstable the plaque.
About two-thirds of all heart attacks result from the rupture of smaller plaques – those that narrow the artery only by 40% - 60%. Though larger plaques narrow the arteries by 70% - 80%, they tend to be covered by thicker caps with fewer inflammatory cells underneath.
The problem is that in the case of an atherosclerotic plaque rupture, the wound is inside the artery wall. In the coronary arteries however, the clot further blocks the blood flow. The clot is known as a thrombus. Deprived of blood and oxygen, the portion of the heart muscle that depends on the artery begins to die. This process is medically known as myocardial infarction or MI (em-eye).
We laymen would call it a heart attack.


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EPP Group Position Paper on Fighting inflation and tackling the rise of energy and living costs: ensuring a winter of solidarity
Russia's war of aggression is causing immense suffering for the people of Ukraine and constitutes a direct attack on European values. It has a significant impact on the EU's economy, notably through a dramatic rise in energy and food prices. The euro area inflation rate gradually reached 9.1% in August 2022, with almost half of its Member States suffering from double-digit rates, some hitting as high as 25% inflation. In addition, and due to the indirect impact of high energy costs, most indicators of core inflation have risen and inflationary pressure is fuelled further by the devaluation of the euro exchange rate. All this adds to the challenges our economies are already facing due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Companies need to rethink their strategies because of increased production costs due to higher raw material costs, constrained supply chains and transport/energy prices combined with changing consumer behaviour and the commitment to our climate targets. Citizens are struggling to make ends meet and, in addition to low-income households, the middle class is more and more affected. We need to be honest: the winter that lies before us will not be easy. Ukraine needs us to stand united in these testing times. And to remain united we also need to ensure solidarity with those most affected by the economic fall-out of this war. More Europe must be a part of a comprehensive solution addressing our imminent challenges.
1. Targeted action is needed to fight rising costs
The rising cost of living is already making millions of Europeans face tough choices, and winter will only exacerbate this. As there is a lack of supply and a gradual slowdown in demand, government measures all over Europe need to strike a delicate balance between reaching those most in need without unnecessarily fuelling inflation even further. Against this background, the EU has a coordination role to organise the security of energy supply, stabilise the price levels and to help businesses to survive and grow. The key question is how the EU can best enable, facilitate and support such targeted support measures, which organise solidarity in and between Member States.
The existing frameworks allow Member States to apply reduced rates on certain motor fuels. The possibility to apply 0% VAT rates to certain products needs to be assessed against keeping a stable source of revenue. A majority of Member States have employed some of the existing flexibility provided by EU legislation in recent months, but more can be done. Joint and coordinated EU action is needed.
The EPP Group calls on the Commission to consider giving all Member States space to introduce further temporary exemptions or reductions of excise duties and energy taxes to alleviate the burden on households and businesses.
The EPP Group calls on Member States to consider exempting staple foods (such as unprocessed fruit and vegetables and dairy products) from VAT in the entire EU, as long as the crises continues; and calls, in this regard, on the Commission and Member States to provide effective monitoring and enforcement by market surveillance and competition authorities to ensure that the reduction is passed to the citizens.
The Commission should make sure that all requests by Member States for temporary exemptions or reductions are dealt with quickly and consistently. All relief action needs to actually reach households and businesses.
For better coordination of Member States' policies, the EPP Group calls for a quick response forum: the establishment of a monthly EU Ministerial 'Cost of living' Council meeting bringing together ministers from across relevant policy areas, reporting to the European Parliament. This would allow to identify best practice and mitigate the potential cross-border impact of divergent national policies.
The EPP Group supports the Commission's proposal to establish a temporary emergency cap on market revenues obtained from the sale of electricity at European level. The plan aims at a cap for revenues of non-gas and non-hard coal electricity producers as well as an additional reasonable levy on fossil fuel company surplus taxable profits and for this temporary solidarity to contribute to reduce energy costs for households and businesses. The EPP Group criticises the fact that this proposal comes in the form of a Council Regulation (Art 122 TFEU), excluding the legislative role of the European Parliament. Time pressure is no excuse to circumvent democracy!
Expects from the Commission must ensure a close and thorough investigation of the measures taken up by Member States based on the proposals of the Commission to ensure compliance with the objectives of burden-easing for final electricity consumers; the EPP Group stresses the importance of market-based interventions, such as temporary price caps that do not disturb the functioning of the Internal Market of the European Union, do not destroy incentives for energy savings and do not hinder investments into renewable energies and infrastructure projects.
We support the idea of intervening in the ETS, which will generate the necessary money and at the same time mitigate the ETS price. This is not an unwanted side effect but something we desperately need in these times of crisis. We want to contribute to the reduction of the electricity price and energy costs for industry. At the same time, we strongly commit to the position of the European Parliament on the 2030 climate target. Member States' fiscal policy must play a relevant role in the current inflationary context: fiscal efforts should focus on the lowest income households and companies most vulnerable to economic shocks. Moreover, they should be temporary in nature so as not to accelerate the structural deficit and to avoid distortions in price signals.
The EPP Group notes that several Member States, where fiscal space allows, carried out minimum wage increases in line with national practices, and in particular with collective bargaining, to reduce the impact of the double crisis on workers and households in a targeted manner and to help address labour shortages in certain sectors, without creating a wage-price spiral.
The EPP Group calls for the organisation of a follow-up to the Porto Social Summit to discuss and further act on the social and economic challenges of this extraordinary situation and to protect a growing number of people in Europe from the increasing risk of poverty. The EPP Group calls for more and harmonised tax incentives for research and development to achieve technological leadership and - at the same time - find solutions to save energy, improve energy supply and the roll-out of renewable energy infrastructure.
2. Monetary Policy
In respect of the European Central Bank's independence, the primary objective of monetary policy is to maintain price stability, which is thereby a powerful tool to fight inflation. The European Central Bank has traditionally had a strong track record in keeping inflation at bay. We share the observation that higher interest rates have a two-sided impact on lowering inflation expectations and increasing borrowing costs at the same time. The same strategy should be followed by the central banks of the non-euro Member States.
The EPP Group calls on the ECB to keep up the determination to raise interest rates as long as the ECB's forecasts remain unchanged while taking the Proportionality Assessment into account. We take note of the launch of the Transmission Protection Instrument (TPI).
The ECB has to develop a credible communication strategy backed up by swift and tangible action to convince European citizens that the ECB means business when fighting inflation.
While focusing on price stability, the ECB needs to monitor the single currency's external value and its interaction with other developed economies to avoid an even higher 'imported inflation'. In this context, the euro's slide against the Dollar is particularly concerning, given that energy derivatives are traded in Dollars and are becoming more and more expensive for European wholesale buyers. The recent decline in the euro/Dollar exchange rate has therefore become a major contributor to energy price inflation. In order to prevent a further deterioration of the euro's external value, the ECB needs to act in lockstep with other large central banks, in particular the Federal Reserve.
3. Rethinking energy supply in Europe
An affordable, sustainable and secure energy supply is the key to Europe's future. To achieve this, we need more European energy policy. The reform of the EU's internal energy market must be pursued more consistently; dependencies that are too high need to be avoided and key infrastructure needs to remain in European hands. To keep energy affordable and to achieve climate-neutrality, all options must be on the table. This means above all the expansion of renewable energy, which will reduce energy prices in the medium-term. In the short-term, however, there is a need for major investment in the necessary infrastructure and for transition energies to avoid energy supply disruptions.
Investments in renewable energy, energy efficiency and energy infrastructure, particularly cross-border projects, should be accelerated to avoid future energy shocks to the EU economy, including through investments from the EU Recovery Plan and RePowerEU.
The EPP Group calls on the Commission to present a concrete legislative proposal for fast-track procedures for key cross-border energy infrastructure - interconnectors enabling alternative energy supply especially need to be prioritised. By upgrading our energy and storage infrastructure and our cross-border interconnection, Europe can be more self-sufficient and can ensure a better functioning energy market and supply of security. Europe shall never again depend on Russian energy.
The EPP Group calls for the creation of a fully integrated Internal Market for Energy through more interconnectors, as the example of the one connecting the Iberian Peninsula with France shows, and better trading platforms, which will alleviate price pressure on businesses and consumers alike. The EPP Group believes that a functioning Single Market for Energy is a better tool to ensure the security of energy supply in the long-term than ad-hoc emergency decisions.
The Commission and Member States should urgently establish the necessary Solidarity and Compensation Mechanism and swiftly implement the new storage obligations.
We call for the use of voluntary common purchases of energy products to lower prices in negotiations and to ensure security of supply for all Member States.
In order to fight high energy prices, the Commission should urgently propose a review of the EU Energy Price Building Mechanism. This review should improve the functioning and resilience of the EU wholesale electricity market and benefit consumers and businesses, especially the most vulnerable ones. Measures not adopted at an EU level that prevent the functioning of the EU Internal Market and free competition should be avoided.
To speed up the transition it is necessary, in particular, to mitigate the electricity price. We need electricity to decarbonise industry, buildings and transport and to be less dependent on Russia.
Member States should do whatever it takes to maintain or increase their domestic energy production. The postponement of nuclear power and coal phase-out are not taboos and need to be considered by Member States to ensure the supply of security and decrease energy prices. The postponement of fossil fuel phase-out must be temporary for as long as the current crisis lasts and be accompanied by a concrete calendar. Existing infrastructure needs to be upgraded to create a proper hydrogen backbone. The hydrogen ramp-up must be accelerated by scrapping bureaucracy and by allowing all renewable energy plants to produce renewable hydrogen. The use of low carbon energy technologies can help mitigate the energy sectors' impact on climate change, while at the same time ensuring a resilient, strong and diversified energy supply.
We need a new approach to diversifying energy supply, which should lead to an EU energy diplomacy approach with partner countries and international fora to prevent market failures – and to increase energy security for all. The EPP Group calls for a Hydrogen Import Strategy in order to ramp-up and diversify hydrogen imports from third countries.
The EPP Group calls for the establishment of a European Energy Resource Inventory collecting Members States' information on their available and potential energy resources for better coordination, an acceleration of necessary procedures and optimisation of the energy grid. On this basis, Member States could develop their 'go-to' areas according to the RePowerEU plan.
4. Diversifying supply and value chains
The energy and digital transition increases the demand for certain types of raw materials substantially; while, at the same time, the COVID-19 crisis and the Russian war have led to disrupted supply and value chains creating supply shortages and rising production costs. By working with international partners, we need to ensure the diversification of supply, boost new Free Trade Agreements, invest in our trade relations through new energy alliances (including on raw materials and advanced technologies), harness European market power through joint procurement and swiftly ratify key trade agreements.
To strengthen the international dimension, the EPP Group calls for a revitalised, pro-active and targeted trade policy, including strengthening trade relations with the European Free Trade Association countries, including on the issue of access to (critical) raw materials. We want a renaissance of cooperation with democratic partners around the world: now is the time to strengthen our relationships with reliable and likeminded partners with the aim of swiftly concluding Free Trade Agreements which are under negotiation.
At the same time, the EU needs to shorten supply chains and re-shore essential production procedures to increase resilience and strengthen its strategic autonomy. The development of a European market for secondary raw materials will also increase the availability of valuable inputs for European industry, reduce the environmental impact of their management and increase the circularity of our economy. The EPP Group calls for a strong Strategy on Raw Materials and Critical Raw Materials (CRM). We need an in-depth analysis of demand and supply, and to adopt measures to alleviate supply bottlenecks - and increase funding, including tools of risk funding. We call for the identification of projects of strategic importance and the creation of an Important Project of Common European Interest (IPCEI). Taking an example from the energy sector, these projects should profit from fast permitting procedures. Sustainable mining activities and sourcing possibilities in Member States should be further explored. We strongly welcome the Commission's efforts to conclude new Critical Raw Material partnerships with African countries.The EPP Group calls on Member States not to prohibit the exploration or sustainable mining activities in their land.
The EPP Group calls to explore the formation of a pan-European supply chain in order to enhance autonomy in critical sectors (such as semiconductor manufacturing). Nearshoring to the CEE countries could help curb disruptions in the future as well as lead to a greater diversification in supply chains.
5. The cost of doing business
High energy prices, disrupted supply chains, the transition towards climate neutrality, as well as new legislation in the pipeline - our businesses are bearing the brunt of all these developments. Taken together, their cumulative effect may endanger our businesses and the jobs they provide. This might also mean that business as usual is no longer sustainable.
The EPP Group calls to immediately ease the burden on businesses by invoking a regulatory moratorium and delay those acts that would unnecessarily increase costs for businesses already under strain (such as REACH).
The EPP Groups calls on the Commission to provide a sector-by-sector analysis of the cumulative effect of higher energy and raw material prices, new legislation and the impact of the war. We want to see a comprehensive, cross-sectoral impact assessment on revisions of existing legislation as well as on new legislation on energy.
The EPP Group calls on Member States to use the additional tax revenues based on higher energy prices directly to relieve the burden on citizens and SMEs.
The EPP Group supports deregulation of installation of renewables, particularly for households. Cutting red tape is important for the increase of energy production in private sector and it would also motivate households to manage energy efficiency. We urge Member States to decrease the regulatory burden for the installation and uptake of renewable energies; in particular, by removing administrative barriers and simplifying permitting and calls on the Commission to publish best practice examples of unbureaucratic installation and operating solutions for renewable energies as benchmarks in a "Guideline for the Rapid and Unbureaucratic Expansion of Renewable Energies" and to organise an exchange of experience between the Member States. We need a new approach to better regulation in order to deliver policies at the lowest possible cost for society. The Commission has to finally deliver a proactive implementation of the One-In-One-Out principle, which should be included in the preparatory phase of every legislative act.
As a priority, our policies and regulatory rules must offer assistance to SMEs by cutting red tape. This should be achieved through a full post COVID-19 'cutting red tape' initiative carried out by the Commission. To this end, we need to increase investments in the digitisation of public administration, including through the digitalisation pillar of the Resilience and Recovery Facility. Particularly, the access to finance for SMEs facing difficulties with rising energy costs needs to be improved.
In times of crisis, it is the Commission's role to ensure the functioning of the Single Market, guaranteeing the free movement of workers, goods and services especially in cross-border regions. COVID-19 and the Russian war have proven Europe must be better prepared for moments of crisis and act united. To that end, the EPP Group strongly welcomes the Proposal of the European Commission for a Single Market Emergency Instrument.
The EPP Group calls for the Single Market to realise its full potential to benefit European consumers and boost productivity and competitiveness by removing existing barriers, such as special technical requirements at national level and incorrect implementation of EU directives – and to improve the problem-solving mechanism "SOLVIT", thereby contributing to the reduction of the overall price levels.
The EPP Group call on Member States to improve labour market participation by removing obstacles, including in areas such as taxation, social policy and recognition of qualifications.
Member States are encouraged to reform their educational systems to make them more relevant for actual labour market needs. Vocational education systems have a strong track record in teaching relevant skills. Easier access to swift reskilling and upskilling is essential.
The current crisis shows the importance of food self-sufficiency. The EPP Group is convinced that we must do all we can to improve food self-sufficiency, including of inputs in agriculture such as fertilisers and feed. At the same time we must avoid further European legislation that endangers - or risks endangering - our self-sufficiency.
6. EU budget and financial support
The EPP Group calls to make full use of all means available in the current Multiannual Financial Framework and to reuse the entire amount of the 2014-2020 de-commitments to channel funds to necessary investment and help ease the supply shortages.
The EPP Group demands an urgent revision of the MFF to accommodate the increased financing needs following an in-depth analysis of the implications of the war on existing EU policies, as well as the shift to new political priorities and emerging needs. The proposal for the revision should come as soon as possible and no later than the first quarter of 2023. The EU's budget needs to become more agile in order to react to crises that emerge during the seven-year duration of the financial planning, while preserving funding for the existing programs.
Serious debate on the future financing of the EU budget is needed and the introduction of the new own resources should take place as set out in the legally binding Inter-Institutional Agreement of 16 December 2020. The EPP Group urges the Commission to present proposals for a second basket of new own resources by the end of 2023 and calls on Member States to cooperate. Those additional revenues from the new own resources are necessary to cover at least the repayment of the Recovery Instrument costs/ the costs related to NextGenerationEU, as well as to ensure sustainable financing of the EU budget on a long-term basis.
Within the framework of existing EU financing programmes, budgetary resources should be better put to use in order to tackle the impact of the inflation on our citizen and companies, particularly SMEs.
An increase in the level of the EU guarantee in the InvestEU programme could boost investment in support of European SMEs, including for the purpose of capital support, and the creation of a dedicated window for companies affected by the consequences of the war, and for projects related to energy independence, which includes supporting the energy and climate targets in this programme, financed with fresh funding.
Solidarity support for Members States to address rising energy costs has to be linked with the conditionality to make necessary efforts to detach their energy supply from Russia.
Member States and the Commission should continue to make best use of the State Aid toolbox, including the new State Aid Temporary Crisis Framework, as a time-limited departure from the status quo.
7. Saving energy
Reducing our energy usage is crucial to fight rising gas and oil prices. Ambitious EU-wide policies and programmes for energy-efficient housing and buildings must be based on meaningful public-private partnerships. Therefore, there should be greater incentives and public investment around retrofitting or renovating to make properties, factories, and offices more energy efficient.
The EPP Group strongly believes that energy efficiency across all sectors will be crucial both in the short-term to mitigate the effects of energy shortages, but also in the long-term to reduce consumer and industry costs.
The EPP Group calls on Member States, coordinated by the Commission, to develop an Energy Conservation Guidance for businesses, industry and households so that they can prepare for the winter ahead and improve energy efficiency. For households, as well as advice on energy usage, this should include pro-active information on funding schemes for home renovations.
Rooftop solar panels, heat pumps and small wind turbines across the EU need to be ramped-up with a view to reducing the use of gas. All administrative barriers should be simplified or removed and significant subsidy schemes made available by Member States.
The EU should make available detailed information campaigns on practical, effective, and realistic saving tips around the cost of living and energy costs in all languages, including information on consumer rights across the EU.
We call for more support for renovations. Deep renovations, such as the insulation of buildings, incur significant cost that the majority of households cannot afford. The EPP Group therefore calls for easier access to bank lending. We encourage more environmentally friendly initiatives such as vouchers for travellers who use railways or public transport and tax incentives to promote recycling and tax credits and deductions for renovation of materials and energy efficiency of buildings and installations. We call on the Member States to consider premium incentives in favour of consumers, especially micro and small businesses and households that make efforts to save energy; for example, through cutting gas and electricity, especially during peak hours.
ECONOMY, JOBS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Economy, jobs & the environment
OUR POSITION ON HOW WE MAKE IT HAPPEN


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