text:
Production Design and Manufacturing
Specialz Create Chemistry with Robots & Reflectors
"The visuals are the priority with this band," opens Marcus Lyall, "For a long time the stage has been dominated by the upstage screen and we wanted to develop that imagery and bring it closer to the audience." Lyall shares the responsibilities of show director and designer for the Chemical Brothers with Adam Smith who has worked with the band for over twenty years.
"We wanted to try and create a 3D experience for the audience," agrees lighting designer Paul Normandale, "And bring some of the video content to life, blurring the lines between screen and reality. We went to Specialz as they did such a great job on the last tour and this mechanical, visual, yet tourable challenge is very much their area of expertise."
To this end, Specialz were charged with creating a huge 3m diameter reflector, a set of bespoke dollies pre-rigged with Sharpys and last but certainly not least two mechanical robots, George and Mildred respectively and standing approximately 15' high apiece. Specialz's Dave Smith begins with the reflector: "The initial idea came from the design team of Marcus Lyall and Adam Smith who essentially inverted accepted lighting protocols and put the entire rig on the floor. The traditional way to create height, angles and perspective would be to use mirrorballs but this design team likes to think outside the box."
"The brief was it had to be quick to deploy and de-rig and had to fit on an aircraft pallet. We sourced the medical grade steel, which is faceted, and essentially designed the unit and the flight cases. It splits in two for transport. The top hemisphere is lifted out of its case on motors and the bottom hemisphere, still in its case, is manoeuvred into position below the hanging top that is then gently lowered onto the bottom section and bolted together. The complete reflector stays off stage until required; then it's deployed via two Kinesys motors straight from its case. It comes with a protective cover to stop people touching the surface and to protect from dust. There is also a lightweight quick-change cover which is used to cover the reflector when it's being rigged so that the gag is not given away whilst being deployed."
The lighting dollies are essentially a mobile framework to enable Normandale to reverse the normal show environment by putting the lights on the floor, rather than in the air and use the reflector. It's also an intelligent way of maintaining an individual design look for the band in a festival environment. As Smith explains, the brief was centred around the ability to 'roll and rig', "The dollies are mainly rigged with Sharpys along with Solaris LED Flares and SGM X5 Strobes. Everything is pre-wired and cabled so it can roll out of the truck straight onto the stage, get plugged in and work straight away, so the final weight load was crucial. The dollies were a simple way of moving a fair few lights with time constraints as it is a very tightly scripted show."
Lyall warms to the subject of the robots: "The robots have been part of our video footage for the last decade at least. The originals were tin robots that Adam borrowed from his mum! When we were considering how we could bring some of the screen imagery to life, the robots were just there, waiting to be transformed into a reality on stage. And everyone said: they must have lasers in their eyes! We went to Specialz with our design as we knew, from past experience, this was a concept that would require their particular brand of ingenuity and proficiency. We wanted something that might utilise the best in lighting and effects but looked essentially low-tech – a 1950's version of a robot if you will."
"When the robots were delivered to rehearsals, they simply bought the proceedings to a grinding halt; everyone was just blown away by them. Specialz have managed to bring personality to them in the way the LEDs work in their eyes and the pupils move around."
"Once the size and design of the robots was clearly established it was left to us to work out the logistics within the timeframe and without breaking the bank," explains Smith. "The robots have a dolly for airfreight which includes a top-box for the arms and legs - the biggest dolly we've ever had made! For truck transportation, they have transit skates and soft cases for the arms and legs. For onstage rigging they are lifted by motors, the arms attached and dropped onto their rigging skates. The legs are attached so they stick out behind the robot. For deployment, the robots are moved into position under their motors. As the robots are lifted the legs automatically move forward to an upright position and are locked into the mechanical movement system. After their stint on stage the procedure is reversed. Essentially, no matter the complication, there is always a way to make a project work and we try and keep it as simple as possible."
Lyall concludes, "Considering the amount of mechanism within the robots, along with the built in Ayrton MagicBlades, O LED in the eyes, Look Solutions smoke machines, Mac Auras, video PSUs and lasers with everything built in and pre-wired, it is a testament to the quality of their build that we've had absolutely no reliability issues whatsoever, particularly when you consider the band are playing the festival circuit at present where load-in/outs and change-overs can be pretty fraught."
"Specialz have delivered on this project in bucket-loads: they took a slightly silly idea very seriously and turned it into a workable and remarkable reality. How you achieve that is a whole Black Art of its own and Dave and his team at Specialz are masters of it."
Web design by TH


GF: OK. Can you tell me a little bit about that?
GF: Yeah, I saw her on the film.
NB: She is terrific. .And then there were 5 of us Lieutenants.
GF: .And you were one of them?
can't remember the names of the other 2, there were 2 more.
working when you were fired?
GF: AC. I~nd what date v1as that? Can you remember?
working. I was the oldest of 5.
GF: OK. What did you do at AC?
I worked on the punch press, the first press of the line.
right off of the die cast.
GF: And why were you fired?
or when were you first approached about going?
that yet but I think that it was the latter part of Novem-ber.
NB: When Windham Mortimor and them first crone into Flint.
GF: OK. Now, hovv did you first hear about the union?
night and he was telling us that they were organizing.
GF: Do you remember his name?
one, I think, that was fired.
join or at least get you to go ru1d find out about it?
woul cl take 2 buses, you l:J.1ov;r, to go back and forth.
GF: And you weren~t paid for that time?
that night vvas Windham Mortimor.
GF: What kinds of thj_ngs did he say to you that night?
as fa..r as women went because you didn't have any security.
out there waiting to take your job.
GF: Well how did most of the people res~pond to him, Mortimor?
work out so I thinh: that people were a little bit leary.
ca.rpenter but he was there for moral support,.
GF: When did you first join the union?
NB: Either the last of November or the first of December.
around the 11th or 12th of something of December.
GF: .So did you join before you vrnre fired or after?
NB: Oh I joined before.
GF: Before you were fired?
sta..rted working with the unions to help get them in order.
AC but they never did - they never bothered her a bit.
GF: Maybe they didn't find out about it.
vms a meeting in the Pengally Building, was there not.
GF: OK.,. Now, about how many women were there that day?
gathering of women, was it not?
some 500-600 women all together.
GF: Who notified you about it?
were in. At least we didn't let it get to us.
GF: When did you first hear about a strike?
and she got married in the time that we.were organizing.
Best. They were both in here from college to help organ-ize.
time I went out I would have a body guard go with me.
NB: Curly LaFay was usually the one that they sent.
coming down to the Pengally Building or what?
GF~ A day or two?
thought we were in there fooling around ·with their men.
Walker, she is in the movie. Did you see her?
GF: I don't recall which one she was?
she sat right beside me.
GF: - Did she have glasses on?
GF: Yeah, I thi.nk I remember her.
NB: I think that there mu.st have been about that.
GF: Who spoke to them?
was there but I cantt remember if he spoke or not.
sure they were concerned about their husbands.
Right. I think that the biggest that barred_ _ th---e-- cross is .. --.
know, there vms jw:;t nothing to look forward to.
there at that meeting to those speakers?
but I can 1 t tell you which difj_ni tely.
GF: Noitv, were there many women dovvn at the battle of bulls run?
weapon and I couldn't be charged with a concealed weapon.
GF: Because it was a bar of soap.
NB: So that is what I used, a bobby sock and a 1Jar of soap.
were down the middle and the men vrere on the opposite side.
going on the men went through. It was a beautiful sight.
we were in the position that we were in.
clubs to break. out the windows?
was the only one that knew.
GF: The only women, right?
move us if they had to lrne force but they didn't touch us.
Not a hand was laid on any vvomen.
time, I thinlt tha~c we were getting a little anxious.
GF: time that they would have those in case they needed them.
had to reach in order to break them out even.
GF: V!ho gave the order to break them out?
GF: Did she know that plant 9 was going to be gassed at all?
Did she knowledge of that?
then we went into action.
absolutely - it could be your own brother.
GF: Because of the stookies?
After Fisher II went out.
NB: You mean February 11?
that we ended up vrn had a real large amount.
GF: When was that approzimately?
NB: I think thiE was just before plant 2 - Fisher 2 was taken.
GF: Just before January 11.
GF: Vfl10 chose the color red?
NB: Some of General Motors goons.
GF: They ran you right off of the road?
we just put them away until we got there.
GF: So, who decided on the name the emergency brigade?
were the present January 11, as the emergency brigade?
was there. I wasn't there but there were quite a few there.
GF: Yeah, that was on the film.
°Come on women, this is your time to show what we can do."
GF: Did she have her red band on then?
sent home. So, it was mostly relatives.
to gain, you know, more than what the vii ves felt they had.
brigade i tsel:fl 1rather than the womens auxiliary.
stand that in case of emergency we would be called out.
them to the nurs<\ry a..nd they vvould be there for the day.
1I1he jobs that we did were so various.
GF: Viforking in the soup kitchen, also?
picket line at the Pengally Building, into the action.
off all of their things and sat right there and said, ~,1 ~t' ~ ..
strike, alot of the Chevrolet and alot of the Fisher.
it was. I think that the biggest share joined the brigade.
rest of them just more or le,s.s did it for backup.
NB: I think·we had more people come in after plant 4, 9 and 4.
GF: Oh, after 9 and 4.
distance that there is there.
to Chevrolet and then to Kearsley Park for that victQJry.
that particular evening, the night of the victory.
emergency brigade at its pealr., at its height of membership?
NB: Oh, I think around a good 800.
GF: Around 800 j_n the brigade itself?
union. Florence Knight was from the electrician's union.
it just seemed to all at once spark up.
the windows out on February 1.
GF: Were any women hurt?
jacket, that was the front line.
NB: Jenora was arrested once.
GF: She was~ At that incident or was this later?
GF: What did they charge her with?
GF: Both Jenora and Bruce'?
organization except the AF of 11 skilled trades, you know.
on that could have been very dangerous.
Big Rapids and Reed City.
GF: What did your father do?
GF: He was a carpenter. Where at?
GF: Various jobs all over the area, the Flint area?
GF: He dicl.n t t move around much at all?
NB: No, he was in the Flint area.
GF~ Did they have a union at all, the carpenters.
NB: Oh yes, they had a good one.
GF: What year was that formed in?
that he joined just as soon as he came to Flint.
GF: Where was he born at?
GF: He was born in Paris, Fra.~ce?
NB: No , Paris , M.i. chi g an.
GF: Oh, Paris, Michigan, oh.
carpenter and a cabinet maker and like that, you know.
GF: And your mother, what background did she come from?
we were going to high school of going to school or dating.
things in them days. It was the 3 old fashion tiR's"'.
that we should put acros:S when we speak at a union meeting.
I did alright because he ·1;vas sending me all over.
really unfamiliar to you, you were quite familiar vJith it.
: 100% all of the way in this.
GF: Did your father belong to any party at all?
me to speak out in public.
What religion vms your father and your family?
At that time vrn were all going to the llmven ~ngelico_ ..
GF: Was that in Flint?
l'rn: Yes. That's on Dartmouth and Dayton, no Thorton.
.!.. • How old were you when you first started vrorking at AC.
GF: You were 19, and what year was that?
GF: How long had you been working there vvhen they fired you?
raw- that first night when I left the job, 8 hours of it.
and they called the day foreman in - thir-J vms second shift ..
little plai."1.t off all by itself at AC.
GF: About when was this?
NB: I think around June or July of '37.
GF:= You were hired back in in what month?
thought I might slov:r down.
on. I couldn't have asked to be treated any nicer.
fact that they might close the lJlace down.
an important plant if they would have closed it dovm.
NB: Oh yes he did. Roy, in my opinion, he was the greatest.
was vrorking with us day and night.
GF: Would he meet ·with the brigade every day?
GF: I j_magine that he vrorked quite close with Jenora, too.
just a very outstanding person as far as I was concerned.
that's how dedicated she was. IFJould you find that today?
GF: I don t t think that you vvould.
anything at all for 2 or 3 hours rest and we would go again.
role in it., John L. Lewi,s played an ar11azing role.
It took all of us, it took everybody together as a whole.
disagreement among the women in the emergency brigade?
yet there never was any special attention.
NB: I have never seen people get along as well as they did then.
and your role in the emergency brigade?
GF: They vreren't hostile towards you then at all.
diem' t seem to resent me at all.
afterwards because we chose the color red.
GF: VJere there any communists at all in the emergency brigade?
G1T: Jl1st a hand full. VVl1~ere \JVere t,l1ey sei1t in frorn?
sent from all different places.
aboutWindhcur1 Mortimor and Bob Travis and their affiliation.
didn 1 t do anything different then anyone else, really.
depression and they didn't have things to keep them warm.
anything and everything that we could and this is unusual.
knov1 that there v1as a job to do and did it.
fevv of the vmmen might have carried hand guns with them.
GF: J\rnt strictly clubs and soap and the bobby socks?
billy clubs that vrnre made out to J?i sher Body.
GF: You mean like those blackjack things?
GF: V!fhat was that all about?
haFpened aftervvards, I Vf8J3 never allowed to know.
car, you said that you were in the sound ca_r a few times.
Where did you tal~e the sound car when you were in it?
NB: .Sitting in it and talking.
GF: Where abouts did you go?
NB: Mostly to the AC.
were striking at the time that we were trying to organize.
i.J..L .. Wl1at kinds of things would say on the loud speal":er?
NB: Well, our jobs need protecting, that was the big thing.
have got to have job protection, job security.
NB: they did - I say within a year they vrnre organized 100%.
a year there was probab1y 1 OO}s orga.nized.
out alot to organize 1~eople?
they could be in my place too if they joined the union.
GF: When do you recall the brigade disbanding?
NB: I think that within a year it had pretty well disbanded.
I went back to work so I didn't have the time to spend.
GF: Were they saying that all along during the si t-dovm too?
GF: So they were all for the women, most of the men?
way and then they don't respect you anyway.
is viJOrking with the women in the auxiliary.
auxilia.r·y and not particularly the emergency bri.gade.
vmmen that I told you walked dovm there, she :passed away.
she would be pretty close to 70.
GF: Novv is Bully a married name of hers?
GF: But she had alot to do with the organizing of women?
heavy set and she gets around very slowly.
that would still be armmnd?
time I did. Her name is Lottie Pora.
NB: I have her phone number, 733-0155.
NB: She lives off of Pasadena.
GF: She joined the brigade about the same time as you did?
joined the brigade, I can't remember.
GF: Union meetings or meetings for the brigade?
NB: Yes, st. lTames, Michigan.
GF: Where abouts is that, .st. Jmnes?
GF: Yes, we have interviewed Delia. Judy interviewed Delia.
where does she ••• ?
GF: What was Rosemary Bully's husband's nrune?
GF: Is he deceased now?
vvi f e passed away. Clyde Hill, now he was very acU_ ve.
GF: Yeah, when is that?
NB: The 12th of August.
GF: Oh, the 12th of August.
was a sit-dovrner. The man that come into to see him was.
GF: He's probably gonna come then too.
knows somebody or so on and so forth.
are ai1yway. OK. 'rliat v .s about it on the tape I think too.
Description She discusses the formation and activities of the Women's Emergency Brigade and the UAW Women's Auxiliary, organizing women workers. She discusses her father, a carpenter, and organizing at AC Sparkplug.


text:
Dilemmas of 2022 and Challenges Facing Armenia in the Next Year
The year 2022 has been yet another challenging one. Unprecedented pressures, including direct military aggression against Armenia and dramatic shifts in global security architecture make this year's outcomes something that hardly an observer by the end of the year could have predicted.
Text: Tigran Zakaryan
The blockade of Artsakh, which is nominally still under the protection of Russian peacekeepers deployed there as per the 9 November 2020 accord, poses an existential threat to the Armenian statehood. The year clearly demonstrated shakiness of Armenia's security built for decades on an underlying assumption of Moscow's support. Its possible alternatives are highly debated with some arguing that the West – already busy in Ukraine and other conflict areas – is not indeed interested in getting involved in this region and antagonizing Turkey and Azerbaijan as a consequence.
Part of domestic expert community and politicians blame Russia for the erosion of Armenia's security and the current quagmire in Artsakh on Russia, while a different section points at the Armenian leadership, who are held liable for upsetting relations with the Kremlin and failing to enlist western support. What those positions have in common is that they overestimate the role of one specific party while neglecting the others.
Instead an Armenian policy maker needs to calculate the consequences of dwindling Russian influence in the region and face the fact of inevitable rapprochement between Moscow and Ankara. Yerevan also needs to formulate clearly its expectations from Tehran in the meantime accomplishing the hard task of finding understanding on both sides of the fault line dividing the West and Iran.
It is a discomforting prediction, but in all likelihood, Armenia will have to face a major threat to its independence in the coming year. This could be in the form of a possible "syrianization" becoming a battleground for opposing powers. On the other hand, Armenia eventually will have to confront an impossible choice between (mostly perceived, rather than real) security and independence. In fact, Armenia needs to clearly realize – based on the previous experience, that renouncing independence does not give any security guarantee.
There is a lot to do in 2023, but first and foremost in the agenda is strengthening the nation, its independence, for if there is no Armenian state, there will be neither Artsakh nor the diaspora in the near future. All those suggesting that Armenia's only salvation is becoming part of a major regional state in fact give up the nation's future.
Armenia will need, more than ever, a sound broad dialogue including a broad range of different political factions and individual politicians who care about Armenian sovereignty and can offer solutions for fostering it. A broad, nationwide consensus on this problem will make us stronger and more resilient to all kinds of external threat.
Armenia is capable of building a better future and it depends on Armenians first and foremost. Let the year 2023 prove it!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
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Intel's Quick Web Technology Speeds Access - InternetNews.
Intel Corporation introduced Quick Web Technology, software designed to speed network performance.
Intel describes Quick Web as "a new software capability that helps Internet providers and digital distribution companies increase the delivery speed of Web pages containing photos, drawings and other graphics."
Frank Gill, executive VP of Intel's Small Business and Networking Group, said: "The Internet has become a rich resource of information, but consumers want to speed up the process of downloading web pages with graphic content. Intel Quick Web Technology makes the Internet-connected PC a more valuable tool by helping Internet providers offer a simple way to help consumers retrieve online information at faster speeds."
Quick Web Technology analyzes a Web page for graphic images and then "compresses" bits of data to speed the delivery of the page to the user. It also caches images by storing them locally on the Internet provider's server. When anyone asks for a page that has already been requested, it is the cache rather than the original server that delivers it.
Quick Web Technology works with most common desktop platforms and Java-enabled browsers. Users can turn the compression on or off by using a speed selector switch on the screen.
The first Internet providers to offer Quick Web-enhanced services are NETCOM and Erols Internet.


Roewer et al. had previously discovered structure in European Y-chromosomes with Y-STRs. The new study, five years later, uses a huge database of population samples. While Y-SNPs defining haplogroups are safer due to the avoidance of homoplasy, which can be a problem with a few Y-STR markers, I believe that most major haplogroups can be distinguished even with few Y-STRs, so the paper's results are valid.
Interesting that such a small fraction of haplotypes corresponds to almost half the Y chromosomes. 7 Y-STRs are generally not sufficient to define monophyletic lineages (as the Cohen Modal Haplotype folks well know by now). It would be interesting to see what this fraction is expected to be under an assumption of reproductive equality, to assess the strength of social selection that I've speculated may be behind the mega-haplogroups we observe in the world today.
the second frequency in western Europe.
The correspondence is not perfect, but it's pretty close to merit study. The little differences can be ascribed to 7,500 years of history; for example, in 5,500BC there were probably no Germanic speakers in Scandinavia.
Two clusters were assigned to large areas of the Balkan Peninsula: 1) Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Romania,Western and Eastern Hungary, and Central Ukraine: cluster 18;(2) continental Greece, Bulgaria, and Macedonia: cluster2. Cluster13 was assigned to Albania and to the western area of the Balkans 10 and cluster 11 to the Caucasus.
We examined the multifarious genetic heterogeneity of Europe and neighboring regions from a geographical perspective. We created composite maps outlining the estimated geographical distribution of major groups of genetically similar individuals on the basis of forensic Y-chromosomal markers. We analyzed Y-chromosomal haplotypes composed of 7 highly polymorphic STR loci, genotyped for 33,010 samples, collected at 249 sites in Europe, Western Asia and North Africa, deposited in the YHRD database (www.yhrd.org). The data set comprised 4176 different haplotypes, which we grouped into 20 clusters. For each cluster, the frequency per site was calculated. All geostatistical analysis was performed with the geographic information system GRASS-GIS. We interpolated frequency values across the study area separately for each cluster. Juxtaposing all 20 interpolated surfaces, we point-wisely screened for the highest cluster frequencies and stored it in parallel with the respective cluster label. We combined these two types of data in a composite map. We repeated this procedure for the second highest frequencies in Europe. Major groups were assigned to Northern, Western and Eastern Europe. North Africa built a separate region, Southeastern Europe, Turkey and Near East were divided into several regions. The spatial distribution of the groups accounting for the second highest frequencies in Europe overlapped with the territories of the largest countries. The genetic structure presented in the composite maps fits major historical geopolitical regions and is in agreement with previous studies of genetic frequencies, validating our approach. Our genetic geostatistical approach provides, on the basis of two composite maps, detailed evidence of the geographical distribution and relative frequencies of the most predominant groups of the extant male European population, examined on the basis of forensic Y-STR haplotypes. The existence of considerable genetic differences among geographic subgroups in Europe has important consequences for the statistical inference in forensic Y-STR haplotype analyses.
I looked at the map close-up, and the Peloponnese is green, like Egypt and southwest Asia. There is what appears to me to be a data point in the center of the peninsula. So the Peloponnese is different genetically than the rest of Greece?
The Peloponnese seems to have a high frequency of haplogroup E1b in Greece, so this probably links it to other E1b-heavy populations. But, I don't see any sample points in Egypt and a few ones in the Levant, so I'm not sure what's going on. These interpolated surfaces are good visually, but it's always best to look at the raw data for particular sample points.
How come the western half of Europe is in the same cluster with the Peloponnese, the eastern half of Turkey, the Levant, Egypt, Azerbaijan, most of Armenia and the eastern half of Libya while places in between are in completely different clusters from them?
They just re-used the same colors I'm sure.
(1) Cluster 6 (green) seems to be the main basal structure from the Caucasus and Middle East to northern Scandinavia. Cluster 6 must be R1 which leads me to suspect the sensitivity. I would have expected I to to be the basal group. Presumably the distinction between R1a (southern route) and R1b (northern route) is disguised in the combined green. Which is why it looks different from the autosomal info.
(2) Cluster 17 (red) appears to be a later overlay (later population wave) on both the green cluster 6 and blue (Finland/Lithuania) unknown cluster.
(3) Cluster 20 (grey) seems to be the Balkans spreading out. Note the touches in southern Sardinia.
(4) Clusters 1/13 (Blue) looks to be Turkish, and the Black Sea. Ottomans maybe. Interesting that the Greek Cypriots show green and the Turks blue.
(5) The strong impact of northern African men on Turkey (or vice versa) is fascinating. Is this the Troy impact? Or is it more modern?
I should have written "are completely in" here.
Ugh, once again they only test western Switzerland even though the Swiss have already been shown to be genetically differentiated based on language (or geography). I really want to see them test northeastern Switzerland like Zurich (the biggest city), Schaffhausen, or St. Gallen. I wander if they would cluster with the central Germans.
Its interesting that by the map the Swiss cluster with the eastern Austrians northern and western Italian, and the very southern German but they do NOT cluster with the French.
It is also interesting the the people just north of the Alps should cluster with the people just south of the Alps since the Alps are a geographic barrier. Perhaps this gives some credence to the italo-celtic connection; the Celts I'm referring to are the ones of the "Celtic homeland" involving Switzerland, Austria, and southern Germany.
Question, if a data point appears in a certain color/cluster must it therefore belong to that color/cluster?
In the map b, there is a sky blu color touching Italy, Switzerland and Austria, basically where the celtic cultures of La Tene and Halstatt(more or less)were.
Following that map it's not a case then that there was an italo-celtic language and maybe celts were more widely diffused on the peninsula than historical accounts tell us.
Doesn't make sense. Every color represents a specific Y-STR cluster.
Clusters 1/13 (Blue) looks to be Turkish, and the Black Sea. Ottomans maybe.
The Black Sea area of the Balkans is in the same cluster, so it can't be Turkish or Ottoman in origin. The golden cluster that exists in central Turkey also exists in almost all of Sweden, the eastern half of Norway and parts of Iceland, thus not exclusive to Turkey, so it too cannot be Turkish or Ottoman in origin.
Interesting that the Greek Cypriots show green and the Turks blue.
Cyprus wasn't sampled, its coloring is just interpolation.
The strong impact of northern African men on Turkey (or vice versa) is fascinating.
Y-STR clusters don't tell anything about overall genetics. Autosomal studies are much much more informative. So your conclusions are certainly unjustified.
The Black Sea area of the Balkans is in the same cluster, so it can't be Turkish or Ottoman in origin.
I've just noticed. Also most of Albania.
@ Annie Mouse, the blue/ green island in the east Med is Crete not Cyprus. Cyprus is shown in blue.
The barriers between the groups in the Balkans seem much less distinct than those between the groups elsewhere. The Balkans also seems most complex, with the blue, red, grey, green and purple layers. Compare the Balkans to the solid green in western Europe or to the distinct green, yellow and blue blocks in Scandinavia.
The red in the Balkans seems to overlay the blue and the grey. Notice the blue on both the Adriatic and the Black Sea coasts; and the grey on the Baltic coast and at 5 and 7 o'clock south from there.
The blue and the grey look distinct from each other, like non-Balkan groups.
The purple looks painted over the top as a top layer.
So my guess is blue at the southern part and grey at the northern, with red over the blue and grey and purple over the top of the red.
Clearly the western green looks much less present than the eastern red in the Balkans.
Yes, there are two different green clusters: 6 and 7.
Interesting to see that there are two (presumably different R1a haplotypes) red (17) and "Aubergine" (cluster 18). The area of 18 is largely made up of non-Slavic speaking people (Romania, Hungary) in addition to Serbs and Croats and goes all the way to the Ukraine. This may indicate that this region (like Eastern Germany) already had its own R1a before Slavic expansion, and likely before the advent of the Slavic language. The known high frequency of haplogroup I in Serbia/Croatia is also an indication for a persistence of local groups.
On the other hand, (17) goes along with the traditional view of northward migrating Slavs and Balto-Slavs from between the Ukraine and the Urals.
In map (b) with he second-highest frequencies, yellow (4) appears to be the "Germanic" haplogroup I2. Note, however, that this haplogroup and its distribution also predates the Germanic languages.
People just haven't really moved all that much in the past 7,000 or so years.
Dieneke, I'm very sorry for the multiple posting. To counteract redundancy in posting I've conflated all of my unpublished posts on this thread, so please don't publish them and also this post, only publish the conflated post that I will send after this one.
I've asked you many times not to triple post. Opening up a text editor, combining ALL your thoughts into one post and then posting is not difficult.
Not sure why Wiik's map is seen as important here. It is extremely speculative and speculation about European pre-history is not hard to find.
But compare to any other map, for example just a basic geographical or bio-region map, and you'll also see approximate correspondences.
There are things like mountain ranges and swamps involved, which mean that no matter who was living in the various regions of Europe, those regions are the regions where people also have more contact with each other.
7 (dark green) is only used in the second map, whose color coding is obviously entirely unrelated with the first one. In the first map the only green used is 6 (light green), which is the same in both Europe and the Middle East.
True. But Cyprus wasn't sampled, so it is open to speculation. But considering the coloring of Turkey and Crete, Cyprus' interpolated coloring seems plausible. The point is, no cluster in Turkey is exclusive to Turkey, but they are all found also in either non-Turkish parts of Europe, non-Turkish countries lying east and south of Turkey or both.
If on the same map, should be so, just as a color/cluster at the same K of an ADMIXTURE analysis.
They sampled 7 STRs and some of the samples they are assigning to 'cluster 6' - in particular the Jordan and I *think* it was Egypt or N. Africa are a different group from the rest of cluster 6 which are most certainly R1b (including the Armenian one). I know R1b is quite frequent in the Jordan highlands but I'm not sure the 'most frequent' cluster identified is even the same haplogroup as the rest of cluster 6. There was a link to the supplementary info but I think it was taken down.
I'm highly skeptical of the timeline of the linguistic map at 5500 BCE. But, I think it is fair to think it may have looked like that sometime around ca. 1300 BCE-2500 BCE, which would have the same genetic impact. So, it could be an IE origin cluster, just a sevearl thousand years younger one.
Alternately, because it isn't very clear how much of a Y-DNA demographic impact IE expansion had in this region, it isn't implausible to think that the area labeled IE in the linguistic map may really correspond to the area that spoke languages in some now extinct LBK linguistic family around 5500 BCE. The initial cultural unity and common cultural origin of the LBK (per artifacts and crop/domesticated animal ancient DNA), apparent low level of assimiliation of autochronous peoples in the first thousand years or so of that expansion (per-ancient DNA and physical anthropology), and rapid rate of demographic expansion across Europe in the early European Neolithic all point to probable linguistic unity among those populations.
But, it seems more likely that the LBK language was not IE, and that instead Proto-IE was a creolization of a language in that extinct LBK language family and a Uralic language that was formed in the ethnically mixed Sredny Stog and Novodanylovka cultures initially in a very small North Pontic area ca. 4500 BCE to 3500 BCE that didn't really make big territorial gains into places where we have historical records until around 2500 BCE or later.
It is clear from the first map that they misspelled "eastern" as "western" here.
Both maps use the same color coding - the colors that define the clusters are to some degree mixed or they partially overlap on the maps.
Cluster 7 was found in Turkey (2.6%) and Syria (5%). I think the resolution is really poor and likely doesn't even properly distinguish between the two main stars of R1b (western Europe and Turkey). For example for cluster 6, the haplogroup found in 10% to 15% from Spain to Ireland is 14_13_29_24_11_13_13, while that found to 23% in Jordan is 14_13_29_23_11_11_12 (but also lumped under cluster 6). Compare that with 14_14_30_24_11_13_13 - which was assigned cluster 9, instead (Spain, Finland).
The color codings of the two maps do not correspond to each other. This makes me think that they are entirely unrelated or there is something that we don't know here.
"(a) composite map showing the 13 clusters (out of a total of 20 clusters) accounting for the highest frequency per tract of land; (b) composite map showing the clusters with the highest frequency per tract of land after excluding the most frequent clusters in the continental region of Western Europe (primarily covered by cluster 6); lighter and darker shading indicates higher and lower cluster frequency, respectively; dots indicate sampling sites"
Cluster 11/13 seems to be the Black Sea and Turkey. There is a wave of expansion west into Greece etc that may be the Ottoman empire.
Haplogroup R1b and subclades are green.
Haplogroup J is pale blue (cluster 13).
Haplogroup I is possibly yellow (cluster 4) in Sweden.
Not sure what the grey of the Balkan spread is. Could it be an an underlay of a Haplogroup I subclade?
Yes, yellow is I2, as I mentioned above. However, navy blue is just another R1b and not N, as I also mention above. Their resolution is so poor that their cluster system is off: the prime "haplogroup" that makes up blue is closer to the Iberian haplogroups that make up most of the green cluster than the main haplogroup that make up the near-East (but yet is grouped under green). Look at the underlying STR data I posted above.
"Haplogroup" in this context means the identifying string of 7 STRs - not ySNPs.
But it also includes most of Albania, which refutes your hypothesis, as Albania has never had any meaningful number of Turkish-speakers. Also the demographic impact of the Ottomans on the Balkans was considerably small.
"However, navy blue is just another R1b and not N, as I also mention above."
I think she means the left map.
Do you think that blue in Finland and northern Russia is "just another R1b?" There is only 3.5% R1b in Finland.
So I think she is talking about the left map and you is talking about the right map.
And I dont think both maps use the same clusters.
Yellow MAY be I2 on the right map, but more like I1 on the left one.
I would even doubt if that is I2 on the right map.
Why should a super tiny minority haplogroup like I2, that is at 4%-6% in Germany, be "representative" for Germany on such a map?
I would rather think that is just another (a specially "Germanic" one) branch of R1b.
Again - same color scheme on both maps. Both use the same clusters, both use the same colors. It says so in the paper - just read it! I am truly getting tired of this useless speculation of people who dont even ' the paper.
Think about it: this represents subsets of "real" y-DNA and projects them into questionable clusters - and most are represented in the percent range, only, because only the largest contribution is displayed. Look at the actual data sheet - or some of the examples I posted above.
You are plainly misinformed. In some regions of Germany, R1b, I2, and R1a are roughly equally represented. However, if you only count the most prevalent strains, I2 may be enhanced there, locally, i/e/, in Scandinavia, since it does not have the 40,000 years of different R1b strains in that region.
Just look at Scandinavia. Is it brighter yellow than Germany in (b) because it has more I2? No. it is brighter because it has (due to founder effects and drift) more of a particular STR variation, which dominates there and makes for a large percentage of the population. It is not that Germany has any less I2 - but it has way larger diversity of I2 - and as such, less of what is counted in this rather imbecile analysis, grouped in cluster 4.
Northern Russia is a different blue and a different "haplogroup" cluster.
In that case I must say this paper must be crap, done by morons.
Just as I guessed when writing "there is something that we don't know here".
I dont know what to think about someone who would chose I2 as the representative cluster of Sweden.
I apologize, I typed I2 when I meant I (in modern nomenclature). You are absolutely correct that I1 and I2 in modern nomenclature have different regions of prevalence - and perhaps, cluster (4) on this study simply is some strange superposition of these two - similar what appears to be happening with R1b.
Finland has a navy shading to a purple in Northern Russia.
The second ranked haplogroup is Iberia is navy in Spain shading to purple in Portugal.
There is also a that similar looking purple patch in Hungary (primary haplogroup). Anyone know the primary Y-Haplogroups in Hungary? Don't they have a Finno Ugric connection?
Regarding cluster 20 (grey), present on the northwestern Black Sea coast and in Slovakia, could somebody explain it?


text:
Who Wants Our President Dead? - Politics - Nairaland
Nairaland Forum / Nairaland / General / Politics / Who Wants Our President Dead? (31968 Views)
The Crooked Nigerian Senate Wants Our Citizens To Celebrate Cheats - Sowore / " Our President Is Rulling Us With NEPA BILL As Certificate"- Lere Olayinka / I Produced More Billionaires Than Any Nigerian President Dead Or Alive – GEJ (2) (3) (4)
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Who Wants Our President Dead? by ijustdey: 8:03pm On Jun 10, 2016
by Olalekan Waheed Adigun
What started as a big joke suddenly became a reality. In a desperate bid to stop the emergence of President Muhammadu Buhari the heat of the 2015 presidential election, Mr. Ayodele Fayose, the Ekiti state Governor, did the unthinkable. He single-handedly placed an "obituary" of a living person on the front pages of The Punch and The Sun (January 19, 2015). What was his reason for this: "Will you allow history to repeat itself? Enough of State burials." These he told Nigerians who listened to him eagerly. Suffice to say that many political analysts described the advert as one of the lowest moments in the run-up to the election. Trust "Prophet" Fayose he did his utmost to make his "prophesies" come to pass. He told us all that Buhari had "advance stage" cancer, even coming up with a "medical report" from Ahmadu Bello Teaching Hospital (I meant the one in Ikare, not ABUTH please)!
Let us spare the Fayose's infantile theatrics for a while. Recently, a group that calls itself the Niger-Delta Avengers (NDA), threatened to assassinate President Buhari if he goes on with his intention of going to Rivers state on official visit on Thursday 2 June, 2015. An NDA member reportedly issued a threat to the President on his visit to the volatile region. In a phone monitored on the pirate Radio Biafra, the militants say the president will be signing his death warrant by visiting Ogoniland as scheduled.
If the President is visiting the land with a history of oil spills to assess the extent of damage(s) done by multinational oil companies in the region, it still baffles rational minds to know those who really wish the president dead!
I happened to be one of the people who wished the President will call the bluffs of these so-called militants who threatened to assassinate him should he attempt to visit the region. I was so disappointed to know that the president will later shelve his plans to attend the official launch of the cleanup of Ogoniland.
The reason for my disappointed steams from the fact that, as Commander-in-Chief of the Nigerian Armed Forces, the President should not be seen to be cowardly. This was the reason some of us supported him in the first instance. Is there any part of the federation that the President cannot visit? Can the so-called Avengers be more powerful than the Nigerian Army? What becomes of the morale of hardworking soldiers under the Joint Task Force (JTF) fighting the militants when his C-in-C is "too afraid" of "assassination threats" from a ragtag group? That also reminds us, why the president made the visit a public announcement when he could have appeared unannounced?
Let us take the argument of these groups that they are indeed fighting a course on behalf of their "offended" ethnic groups. Let us assume for the sake of analysis that the NDA wants to "right the wrongs" meted out on them by the Federal Government in the past. To whose benefit really is the cleanup of Ogoniland when it is finally done?
On getting the news of the cancelled Buhari's visit to Ogoni, a colleague of mine quickly, in a desperate attempt to attract my attention, told me how he wished to "disappoint" me with the piece of news having barely resumed work that day. "Buhari shouldn't be afraid of these Niger-Delta Avengers because they are smaller than Boko Haram. Buhari should have gone to launch the cleanup." I had to agree with him. While agreeing with him, I thought about the what the headlines will be in the online media. "Coward President Buhari Succumbs to Niger-Delta Militants" will be a good one on an anti-Buhari media platform. Is is just about the president not honouring his own visit, or is he just being "bullied" or misadvised?
I remember sometimes last year when late Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe's son, Chukwuma, was to be buried. The drama was so sensational that, just for some people to justify their arguments of Buhari "hating Igbos", they won't mind insulting the late son of the Zik of Africa even in death just because of his friendship with the President. He was buried, Buhari did not attend the ceremony and they were happy! To these ones, as long as Buhari has no 'footings in the South East', the party can continue.
On the assassination threats coming from the Avengers is really nothing new. If Buhari had attended the event, the worst that would have happened would have been some pockets of protests here and there just to "show the world how unpopular Buhari's administration is." Their own problem is that they see it as a taboo that a Fulani man (a tribe they told the world hates them) is the one to commence the cleaning up of the oil spills in "Biafra land" a feat "our son" could not achieve in several years in power. Does it surprise anyone that as Buhari was planning to launch Ogoniland's cleanup brought "our son" back home from his "hiding spot"?
Earlier this year, the fiery Enugu Catholic priest and Founder, Adoration Ministry, Rev. Fr. Ejike Mbaka, alleged that there were plans by unnamed people to assassinate President Muhammadu Buhari. According to the clergyman, many people were plotting to kill the President because of what he described as his campaign against corruption, saying, "I am not a sycophant, but I want to tell you that so far, God is happy and he, who God has blessed, no one can curse. Many people are planning to kill Buhari - there are many plans on how to eliminate his life so that corruption will continue, so that embezzlement will continue."
When Mbaka made this statement, the so-called NDA that threatened to assassinate Buhari was still in incubation. They were waiting to see whether some of their paymasters, like Sambo Dasuki will be granted a leave to travel abroad for "medical treatments" or granted bail on his present corruption charges. The question some of us ask ourselves is whether Dasuki comes from Niger-Delta that these ones are avenging!
The forces that have been battling the president before his elections are not giving up the fight as one may have thought. For these once, they will prefer a dead man occupying Aso Rock than for Buhari to withdraw from them their daily bread!
Adigun, a political affairs analyst, wrote this piece from Abuja.
http://www.dailytrust.com.ng/news/opinion/who-wants-our-president-dead/150515.html
11 Likes 3 Shares
Re: Who Wants Our President Dead? by gists: 8:09pm On Jun 10, 2016
ijustdey:
"I am not a sycophant, but I want to tell you that so far, God is happy and he, who God has blessed, no one can curse"
May God Almighty continue to strengthen the president and guide him with divine wisdom.
156 Likes 11 Shares
Re: Who Wants Our President Dead? by 989900: 8:38pm On Jun 10, 2016
The old man at his age, has got nothing to fear about death.
If he dies and corruption wins, it will be our loss.
MrAdetunjiBayo:
We yoruba muslims like me and waheed Olalekan have said it times without number, we must defend the fulani muslims against yoruba christians like Peter Fayose. The Fulani brought Islam to us after conquering us and we must be grateful to them, even if it means selling out our yoruba christians.
Well, I think you are on your own.
I am a Full-Blown Yoruba Muslim too. But I cannot defend anybody just because Islam came to Yorubaland from their axis. I do not owe them any dime! And I certainly don't support selling anybody based on religion. But I do agree we need to sell out the crazy ones among us. Like that one-chance crazy governor that posted Obituary of a man that is still living.
We must support the effort of whoever is in Aso rock to kill corruption (irrespective of his/her religious affiliation). Otherwise, corruption will kill us - Boko Haram is a good/practical example of how corruption can kill.
Re: Who Wants Our President Dead? by Tonnierichy(m): 9:55pm On Jun 10, 2016
Mmmmmmm....big one.
We pray to God to intervene in our affairs in Nigeria and disappoint all predictors of doom for this country.
Nigeria shall stand, united!
Buhari shall return stronger
And our economy will be bounce back in style In Jesus Name. Amen
22 Likes 1 Share
Re: Who Wants Our President Dead? by martin92(m): 9:56pm On Jun 10, 2016
nobody fit kill am
Re: Who Wants Our President Dead? by myners007: 9:56pm On Jun 10, 2016
Re: Who Wants Our President Dead? by Flashh: 9:57pm On Jun 10, 2016
Biáfrauds want him dead.
Re: Who Wants Our President Dead? by AntiWailer: 9:57pm On Jun 10, 2016
Re: Who Wants Our President Dead? by DeRoyalFranco(m): 9:58pm On Jun 10, 2016
Re: Who Wants Our President Dead? by Leboska(m): 9:58pm On Jun 10, 2016
Is buhari still alive?
Re: Who Wants Our President Dead? by ANTONINEUTRON(m): 9:59pm On Jun 10, 2016
* But Wait oo!!
Ogoniland Belong To Biafra
* U Said D President Visited Ogoniland To Start The Clean Up!
But GEJ Gave North 8 Universities Out Of 12, Created 400 Almajiri Schools.
That's Why We Are One Nigeria.
* To D Issue; Deep Down Nigeria Re Nice Piple, No One Want D President Dead.
Re: Who Wants Our President Dead? by PigMeat: 10:00pm On Jun 10, 2016
no one will want a dead man dead.
Re: Who Wants Our President Dead? by tempest01(m): 10:00pm On Jun 10, 2016
Lemme read first and see if there is common sense
1 Like 1 Share
Re: Who Wants Our President Dead? by Francis95(m): 10:01pm On Jun 10, 2016
Every igbo wants him dead...
dunno about other tribes
Re: Who Wants Our President Dead? by tonero92: 10:01pm On Jun 10, 2016
His ear infection
Re: Who Wants Our President Dead? by hucienda: 10:01pm On Jun 10, 2016
Re: Who Wants Our President Dead? by babydioku(f): 10:02pm On Jun 10, 2016
Who doesn't? Lol
Re: Who Wants Our President Dead? by abdulskulboy(m): 10:02pm On Jun 10, 2016
i am my brothers keeper, i am my sister keeper, that will make us ONE, NIGERIA, we mus UNITE together and say NO to TRIBALISM.
9 Likes 2 Shares
Re: Who Wants Our President Dead? by Nobody: 10:03pm On Jun 10, 2016
Nobody wants him dead. And nobody has the power to take another's life.
Re: Who Wants Our President Dead? by Detonator: 10:03pm On Jun 10, 2016
This one dem don dey start will phone and video calls, no be Yar'Adua season 2 dey load so?
Re: Who Wants Our President Dead? by abubkhr: 10:05pm On Jun 10, 2016
Time will tell whether he Buhari did good or otherwise and for those who want him dead let give them a thousand years and see what they will achieve.
Re: Who Wants Our President Dead? by Elobyte: 10:06pm On Jun 10, 2016
Yorubas alwaz on d fence.d biafrans will go nd u can die for ur nonse islam
Re: Who Wants Our President Dead? by Xbee007(m): 10:07pm On Jun 10, 2016
gists:
So you really believe that impostor to be a Yoruba man? Lol...
Re: Who Wants Our President Dead? by menxer: 10:07pm On Jun 10, 2016
That one na question? even a kindergarten knows the answer.
Re: Who Wants Our President Dead? by White007(m): 10:07pm On Jun 10, 2016
I think his own brothers knows better and they are already making plans to unseat Osinbajo and install Saraki.
Re: Who Wants Our President Dead? by Tonnierichy(m): 10:08pm On Jun 10, 2016
PigMeat:
Pig meat
Re: Who Wants Our President Dead? by alacantra: 10:11pm On Jun 10, 2016
I want him deaf
Re: Who Wants Our President Dead? by omusiliyu(m): 10:11pm On Jun 10, 2016
There's nothing like Yoruba Muslims or Fulani Muslims... We're one and its forbidden for us to associate with Kufar.
Tonnierichy:
yea?
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PLEASANTON, Calif. – February 8th, 2011 – Five9, Inc., announced today that its Five9 Virtual Call Centre Release 8 is a recipient of the 2010 INTERNET TELEPHONY Product of the Year Award.
The Five9 Virtual Call Centre is the leading on-demand call center software offering in the marketplace. It delivers robust call center capabilities, can be rapidly deployed, and has lowered costs for over a thousand inbound and outbound call centers around the globe. Five9 software processes over one billion telephone calls per year, for tens of thousands of agents worldwide.
Five9 Virtual Call Centre Release 8 adds Speech Recognition to the Five9 Self-Service IVR (Interactive Voice Response), which may be ordered from Five9 as a standalone product or in combination with either the Five9 Inbound Call Centre or Blended Call Centre. Over 100 additional new features are provided in the release, including an option for geographic redundancy, a new library of over 100 standard call center reports, expanded Cloud APIs and more.
"We are thankful for industry recognition of our ongoing technology leadership and innovation in the on-demand call center software market. We will continue to leverage the largest engineering team in the market to deliver robust, full-featured call center solutions that take our customers' Sales, Marketing and Support operations to the next level," said Jim Dvorkin, Five9 Chief Technology Officer.
2010 Product of the Year winners are published in the February 2011 issue of INTERNET TELEPHONY magazine, (www.itmag.com). INTERNET TELEPHONY has been the authority in IP communication since 1998™.


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text:
package org.optaplanner.core.impl.heuristic.selector.move.composite;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;

import org.apache.commons.collections.IteratorUtils;
import org.optaplanner.core.impl.heuristic.selector.common.iterator.UpcomingSelectionIterator;
import org.optaplanner.core.impl.heuristic.selector.move.MoveSelector;
import org.optaplanner.core.impl.move.CompositeMove;
import org.optaplanner.core.impl.move.Move;

/**
 * A {@link CompositeMoveSelector} that cartesian products 2 or more {@link MoveSelector}s.
 *

 * For example: a cartesian product of {A, B, C} and {X, Y} will result in {AX, AY, BX, BY, CX, CY}.
 *

 * Warning: there is no duplicated {@link Move} check, so union of {A, B} and {B} will result in {AB, BB}.
 * @see CompositeMoveSelector
 */
public class CartesianProductMoveSelector extends CompositeMoveSelector {

    public CartesianProductMoveSelector(List<MoveSelector> childMoveSelectorList, boolean randomSelection) {
        super(childMoveSelectorList, randomSelection);
    }

    // ************************************************************************
    // Worker methods
    // ************************************************************************

    public boolean isNeverEnding() {
        if (randomSelection) {
            return true;
        } else {
            // Only the last childMoveSelector can be neverEnding
            return !childMoveSelectorList.isEmpty()
                    && childMoveSelectorList.get(childMoveSelectorList.size() - 1).isNeverEnding();
        }
    }

    public long getSize() {
        long size = 1L;
        for (MoveSelector moveSelector : childMoveSelectorList) {
            size *= moveSelector.getSize();
        }
        return size;
    }

    public Iterator<Move> iterator() {
        if (!randomSelection) {
            return new OriginalCartesianProductMoveIterator();
        } else {
            return new RandomCartesianProductMoveIterator();
        }
    }

    public class OriginalCartesianProductMoveIterator extends UpcomingSelectionIterator<Move> {

        private List<Iterator<Move>> moveIteratorList;

        private List<Move> subSelections;

        public OriginalCartesianProductMoveIterator() {
            moveIteratorList = new ArrayList<Iterator<Move>>(childMoveSelectorList.size());
            subSelections = new ArrayList<Move>(childMoveSelectorList.size());
            for (int i = 0; i < childMoveSelectorList.size(); i++) {
                if (i == 0) {
                    moveIteratorList.add(childMoveSelectorList.get(i).iterator());
                } else {
                    moveIteratorList.add(IteratorUtils.emptyListIterator());
                }
                subSelections.add(null);
            }
            createUpcomingSelection();
        }

        @Override
        protected void createUpcomingSelection() {
            List<Move> moveList = new ArrayList<Move>(subSelections); // Clone to avoid CompositeMove corruption
            for (int i = moveIteratorList.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                Iterator<Move> moveIterator =  moveIteratorList.get(i);
                if (moveIterator.hasNext()) {
                    moveList.set(i, moveIterator.next());
                    break;
                }
                if (i == 0) {
                    upcomingSelection = null;
                    return;
                }
                moveIterator = childMoveSelectorList.get(i).iterator();
                moveIteratorList.set(i, moveIterator);
                if (!moveIterator.hasNext()) { // in case a moveIterator is empty
                    upcomingSelection = null;
                    return;
                }
                moveList.set(i, moveIterator.next());
            }
            // No need to clone to avoid CompositeMove corruption because subSelections's elements never change
            subSelections = moveList;
            upcomingSelection = new CompositeMove(moveList);
        }

    }

    public class RandomCartesianProductMoveIterator implements Iterator<Move> {

        private List<Iterator<Move>> moveIteratorList;
        private boolean empty;

        public RandomCartesianProductMoveIterator() {
            moveIteratorList = new ArrayList<Iterator<Move>>(childMoveSelectorList.size());
            empty = false;
            for (MoveSelector moveSelector : childMoveSelectorList) {
                Iterator<Move> moveIterator = moveSelector.iterator();
                if (!moveIterator.hasNext()) {
                    empty = true;
                }
                moveIteratorList.add(moveIterator);
            }
        }

        public boolean hasNext() {
            return !empty;
        }

        public Move next() {
            List<Move> moveList = new ArrayList<Move>(moveIteratorList.size());
            for (int i = 0; i < moveIteratorList.size(); i++) {
                Iterator<Move> moveIterator = moveIteratorList.get(i);
                if (!moveIterator.hasNext()) {
                    MoveSelector moveSelector = childMoveSelectorList.get(i);
                    moveIterator = moveSelector.iterator();
                    moveIteratorList.set(i, moveIterator);
                    if (!moveIterator.hasNext()) {
                        throw new NoSuchElementException("The moveSelector (" + moveSelector + ") is empty.");
                    }
                }
                moveList.add(moveIterator.next());
            }
            return new CompositeMove(moveList);
        }

        public void remove() {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Remove is not supported.");
        }

    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "CartesianProduct(" + childMoveSelectorList + ")";
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Funds Tagged For Chapter 1, City Schools
By Julie A. Miller
Secretary of Education Lamar Alexander last week proposed that $100 million that had been set aside for new programs be used to aid growing school districts and inner-city schools, and to involve defense personnel in schools.
Mr. Alexander last year asked lawmakers to include money in the fiscal 1992 spending bill to fund his America 2000 education strategy. Appropriators did so, but specified that if those programs were not separately authorized by the Congress by April 1, the funds would be "allocated among existing programs which provide direct assistance to local school districts in reaching the America 2000 education goals.''
The Congress has essentially rejected America 2000, and a Democratic alternative is still pending.
Mr. Alexander outlined his proposals in a letter to Congressional funding panels last week. Lawmakers would not need to approve his suggestions if the proposals conformed to the restrictions, but apparently they do not.
The funding bill passed last year limited the funds to "national programs in which funds are distributed by statutory formula.'' Only one of Mr. Alexander's proposals--to distribute $62.1 million under Chapter 1 to school districts where enrollments of disadvantaged children increased between 1980 and 1990--involves a formula grant. The Secretary also proposed a new funding mechanism, acknowledging that this would require legislation.
The plan would aid districts that would have received more Chapter 1 money if it had been distributed under new 1990 Census data. Mr. Alexander decided in April to allocate fiscal 1992 grants using 1980 data, because 1990 data would not be available soon enough.
Mr. Alexander also proposed:
$18 million for grants to cities to fight drugs and violence by sponsoring "alternative activities'' in schools before and after normal hours.
Earmarking $9 million for Los Angeles, in response to the recent riots there, including $7 million to fund job training and education for at-risk youth and adults under a vocational-education demonstration program, and $2 million to help fulfill a commitment President Bush made to provide $18 million to the city under the Administration's "weed and seed'' program.
Mr. Alexander's letter says the funds would be spent "under the authority of'' the Fund for the Improvement and Reform of Schools and Teaching, but they would pay for efforts to "weed'' criminals from neighborhoods and "seed'' the areas with social programs.
$4 million to fund "schools within schools,'' in which Defense Department personnel would teach and provide technical training.
$6 million to help states develop alternative-certification routes for displaced defense workers interested in teaching math and science.
Published in Print: June 10, 1992, as Funds Tagged For Chapter 1, City Schools


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* 5120x3200 at 60Hz with dual DisplayPort connectors.
** Recommendation is made based on PC configured with an Intel Core i7 3.2 GHz processor. Pre-built system may require less power depending on system configuration.


The IEA was proud to support the performance-installation As The Air Moves Back From You, which took place in the Fosdick-Nelson Gallery of the School of Art and Design of the New York State College of Ceramics at Alfred University. Created by D. Chase Angier in collaboration with Petra Bachmaier and Sean Gallero of Luftwerk, the Tiffany Mills Company, Kristi Spessard, Laurel Jay Carpenter, Andrew Deutsch, John Laprade, and Markéta Fantová, As The Air Moves Back From You represents a big collaborative effort involving elaborate dance and performance works, several different musical and sound compositions, and intricate projection mapping all interweaving with 8,000 pounds of rice, all shifting and changing throughout the five week duration of the show.
Luftwerk and Chase started to develop this piece with the IEA's help in the spring of 2014 where tests of rice formations and projection mapping. Many hours were poured into this piece by all parties and the result shows the extent of everyone's hard work.
During their time here in January, Luftwerk also took the time to make prints on transparency to test Degrees of Lightness for a show they participated in February, Invisible, at The Glass Curtain Gallery of Columbia College, Chicago.
Below are a set of images of the setup and performance of As The Air Moves Back From You and documentation of Luftwerk's experiments at the IEA.


text:
Elective hand surgery after axillary lymph node dissection for cancer
R. Jay Lee, Dawn M. Laporte, Jaysson T. Brooks, Cornelius D. Schubert, E. Gene Deune
After axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), patients are cautioned against ipsilateral interventional procedures to avoid the theoretical increased risk of postoperative complications, particularly lymphedema. The authors' goal was to evaluate the complications of elective hand surgery after ALND. The authors reviewed patients presenting to their hand clinic from 1998 to 2011, selecting those with a diagnosis of breast cancer or melanoma and a history of previous ALND; the authors excluded those treated nonoperatively and those treated with elective surgery in the contralateral hand. Average age of the 22 patients meeting the criteria (20 with a history of breast cancer, 6 with preexisting lymphedema) was 53.9 years (range, 26.7 to 73.6 years) at the time of ALND and 63.1 years (range, 31.7 to 83.5 years) at the time of hand surgery. Average interval between surgeries was 9.2 years (range, 8 days to 37.3 years). Follow-up averaged 9.2 months (range, 8 days to 41.7 months). Fifteen patients were surveyed for long-term postoperative results (average surgery-to-survey interval, 4.3 years [range, 1 to 11.9 years]). Fifteen patients had uneventful postoperative recoveries, 4 had peri-incisional erythema requiring oral antibiotics, 1 had incisional pain and scarring, 1 had chronic wound-healing issues, and 1 had a dehiscence requiring a return to the operating room. In the 15 patients who completed the follow-up survey, there was no disease exacerbation in the 3 patients with preexisting lymphedema, and there were no new cases of lymphedema. Routine minor hand surgery did not result in lymphedema and did not increase existing lymphedema in these patients with previous ipsilateral ALND, but almost one-third of them had short-term complications in the postoperative recovery period.
e367-e373
https://doi.org/10.3928/01477447-20150504-52
10.3928/01477447-20150504-52
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Elective hand surgery after axillary lymph node dissection for cancer'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Lymph Node Excision Medicine & Life Sciences
Lymphedema Medicine & Life Sciences
Hand Medicine & Life Sciences
Minor Surgical Procedures Medicine & Life Sciences
Erythema Medicine & Life Sciences
Operating Rooms Medicine & Life Sciences
Jay Lee, R., Laporte, D. M., Brooks, J. T., Schubert, C. D., & Gene Deune, E. (2015). Elective hand surgery after axillary lymph node dissection for cancer. Orthopedics, 38(5), e367-e373. https://doi.org/10.3928/01477447-20150504-52
Elective hand surgery after axillary lymph node dissection for cancer. / Jay Lee, R.; Laporte, Dawn M.; Brooks, Jaysson T.; Schubert, Cornelius D.; Gene Deune, E.
In: Orthopedics, Vol. 38, No. 5, 01.05.2015, p. e367-e373.
Jay Lee, R, Laporte, DM, Brooks, JT, Schubert, CD & Gene Deune, E 2015, 'Elective hand surgery after axillary lymph node dissection for cancer', Orthopedics, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. e367-e373. https://doi.org/10.3928/01477447-20150504-52
Jay Lee R, Laporte DM, Brooks JT, Schubert CD, Gene Deune E. Elective hand surgery after axillary lymph node dissection for cancer. Orthopedics. 2015 May 1;38(5):e367-e373. https://doi.org/10.3928/01477447-20150504-52
Jay Lee, R. ; Laporte, Dawn M. ; Brooks, Jaysson T. ; Schubert, Cornelius D. ; Gene Deune, E. / Elective hand surgery after axillary lymph node dissection for cancer. In: Orthopedics. 2015 ; Vol. 38, No. 5. pp. e367-e373.
@article{ba5fca4904244c63a24f036b2f0b3b2e,
title = "Elective hand surgery after axillary lymph node dissection for cancer",
abstract = "After axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), patients are cautioned against ipsilateral interventional procedures to avoid the theoretical increased risk of postoperative complications, particularly lymphedema. The authors' goal was to evaluate the complications of elective hand surgery after ALND. The authors reviewed patients presenting to their hand clinic from 1998 to 2011, selecting those with a diagnosis of breast cancer or melanoma and a history of previous ALND; the authors excluded those treated nonoperatively and those treated with elective surgery in the contralateral hand. Average age of the 22 patients meeting the criteria (20 with a history of breast cancer, 6 with preexisting lymphedema) was 53.9 years (range, 26.7 to 73.6 years) at the time of ALND and 63.1 years (range, 31.7 to 83.5 years) at the time of hand surgery. Average interval between surgeries was 9.2 years (range, 8 days to 37.3 years). Follow-up averaged 9.2 months (range, 8 days to 41.7 months). Fifteen patients were surveyed for long-term postoperative results (average surgery-to-survey interval, 4.3 years [range, 1 to 11.9 years]). Fifteen patients had uneventful postoperative recoveries, 4 had peri-incisional erythema requiring oral antibiotics, 1 had incisional pain and scarring, 1 had chronic wound-healing issues, and 1 had a dehiscence requiring a return to the operating room. In the 15 patients who completed the follow-up survey, there was no disease exacerbation in the 3 patients with preexisting lymphedema, and there were no new cases of lymphedema. Routine minor hand surgery did not result in lymphedema and did not increase existing lymphedema in these patients with previous ipsilateral ALND, but almost one-third of them had short-term complications in the postoperative recovery period.",
author = "{Jay Lee}, R. and Laporte, {Dawn M.} and Brooks, {Jaysson T.} and Schubert, {Cornelius D.} and {Gene Deune}, E.",
note = "Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} SLACK Incorporated. Copyright: Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
doi = "10.3928/01477447-20150504-52",
pages = "e367--e373",
journal = "Orthopedics",
publisher = "Slack Incorporated",
T1 - Elective hand surgery after axillary lymph node dissection for cancer
AU - Jay Lee, R.
AU - Laporte, Dawn M.
AU - Brooks, Jaysson T.
AU - Schubert, Cornelius D.
AU - Gene Deune, E.
N1 - Publisher Copyright: Copyright © SLACK Incorporated. Copyright: Copyright 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
N2 - After axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), patients are cautioned against ipsilateral interventional procedures to avoid the theoretical increased risk of postoperative complications, particularly lymphedema. The authors' goal was to evaluate the complications of elective hand surgery after ALND. The authors reviewed patients presenting to their hand clinic from 1998 to 2011, selecting those with a diagnosis of breast cancer or melanoma and a history of previous ALND; the authors excluded those treated nonoperatively and those treated with elective surgery in the contralateral hand. Average age of the 22 patients meeting the criteria (20 with a history of breast cancer, 6 with preexisting lymphedema) was 53.9 years (range, 26.7 to 73.6 years) at the time of ALND and 63.1 years (range, 31.7 to 83.5 years) at the time of hand surgery. Average interval between surgeries was 9.2 years (range, 8 days to 37.3 years). Follow-up averaged 9.2 months (range, 8 days to 41.7 months). Fifteen patients were surveyed for long-term postoperative results (average surgery-to-survey interval, 4.3 years [range, 1 to 11.9 years]). Fifteen patients had uneventful postoperative recoveries, 4 had peri-incisional erythema requiring oral antibiotics, 1 had incisional pain and scarring, 1 had chronic wound-healing issues, and 1 had a dehiscence requiring a return to the operating room. In the 15 patients who completed the follow-up survey, there was no disease exacerbation in the 3 patients with preexisting lymphedema, and there were no new cases of lymphedema. Routine minor hand surgery did not result in lymphedema and did not increase existing lymphedema in these patients with previous ipsilateral ALND, but almost one-third of them had short-term complications in the postoperative recovery period.
AB - After axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), patients are cautioned against ipsilateral interventional procedures to avoid the theoretical increased risk of postoperative complications, particularly lymphedema. The authors' goal was to evaluate the complications of elective hand surgery after ALND. The authors reviewed patients presenting to their hand clinic from 1998 to 2011, selecting those with a diagnosis of breast cancer or melanoma and a history of previous ALND; the authors excluded those treated nonoperatively and those treated with elective surgery in the contralateral hand. Average age of the 22 patients meeting the criteria (20 with a history of breast cancer, 6 with preexisting lymphedema) was 53.9 years (range, 26.7 to 73.6 years) at the time of ALND and 63.1 years (range, 31.7 to 83.5 years) at the time of hand surgery. Average interval between surgeries was 9.2 years (range, 8 days to 37.3 years). Follow-up averaged 9.2 months (range, 8 days to 41.7 months). Fifteen patients were surveyed for long-term postoperative results (average surgery-to-survey interval, 4.3 years [range, 1 to 11.9 years]). Fifteen patients had uneventful postoperative recoveries, 4 had peri-incisional erythema requiring oral antibiotics, 1 had incisional pain and scarring, 1 had chronic wound-healing issues, and 1 had a dehiscence requiring a return to the operating room. In the 15 patients who completed the follow-up survey, there was no disease exacerbation in the 3 patients with preexisting lymphedema, and there were no new cases of lymphedema. Routine minor hand surgery did not result in lymphedema and did not increase existing lymphedema in these patients with previous ipsilateral ALND, but almost one-third of them had short-term complications in the postoperative recovery period.
U2 - 10.3928/01477447-20150504-52
DO - 10.3928/01477447-20150504-52
SP - e367-e373
JO - Orthopedics
JF - Orthopedics


The Chief Executive of New Zealand's Ministry of Justice had an epiphany when he went on his Christmas holidays at the end of 2013.
He realized the Ministry needed to transform into a data enabled organization and that it had to throw itself into the project, beginning with the culture.
"So, we've been on a journey of data enablement ever since 2014," Wendy Hamilton, the Ministry's Director of Information and Business Intelligence said at the Gartner Data & Analytics Summit in Sydney in late February.
"And you'd have to say that although we have succeeded in building that culture of enablement, it didn't go that smoothly at times," she said.
The Ministry of Justice is a national organization with around 4,000 employees throughout New Zealand supporting the judiciary. It is the largest legal firm in the country, providing legal aid, and policy advice to the Government on civil and criminal issues. It also deals with questions about money laundering, human rights, and privacy.
As a result of this heritage, it captures a lot of data that exists in silos. Operational teams rarely work with each other and share information and data.
"Before we went through this we couldn't tell you very much about the customer journey or experience, but we could tell you about the silos of our service delivery," Hamilton said.
"All of our reporting and analytics was descriptive and backward-looking," she added.
Hamilton and her team were responsible for implementing the CEO's vision. One of the early lessons was that it was not so much the strategy or technology--it was the culture.
The starting point was also daunting. There was no data governance, definitions and standards around data, and a data policy framework. Data quality was variable, and the products that were in use were not scalable.
The goal to become data-driven was a long way away. The ideal future was a new environment where data was reliable and easy to access. More importantly, it would help to create insights from data, which could then be turned into actions.
"It was like climbing Mount Everest, but we embarked on the journey, and it was incremental," Hamilton said.
"We didn't know all the details about how we would get to the top, but we knew that the strategy was not [good] enough, there were cultural barriers inhibiting our progress, and we needed to change," she added.
There was stiff internal resistance at first, but the analytics team soon proved their point.
They looked at data around legal aid applications. They found out that if there was a spike in application numbers, it resulted in a rise in court volumes several months later. The insight was that higher volumes could be predicted and better planned for regarding resource allocations.
"The analytics team made a bold statement and predicted a rise in volumes, but the operational team initially said they couldn't see it. They said that the data people were the only ones saying this and that they did not hear anything like this from the field," Hamilton said.
"But the data analytics guys held to their story because they trusted the data, and then three to four months later what they said would happen started to happen," she added.
Proving the potential of using data to deliver insights was a significant catalyst early in the transformation. Organizational leaders came on board with the project and the journey to "Mount Everest" began.
Once the change was driven by leaders, the department created multi-disciplinary teams to work on specific business questions and outcomes. For example, they wanted to achieve the goal of dealing with all cases involving "serious harm" within a 12-month timeframe.
It was not until later that new technology was implemented--a decision Hamilton said proved to be a good one.
"So often good technology is put into dysfunctional environments. We worked on fixing the people and the culture first, and it was only then that we started to implement some cool technology," she added.
The Department also involved its incumbent vendors in the process, speeding up the building of the new tools.
Today, the journey is ongoing. "Mount Everest" is in sight, though perhaps not yet conquered.
More importantly, the Department of Justice is embedding data and analytics, knocking down silos where the "sacred cows" lived, and building a new governance framework across the organization which has the ethical use of data at its core.
"The game changer for us was committed leadership at all levels focused on a common purpose," Hamilton said.
"That is what started to change behaviors and the culture, and began our journey to data enablement," she added.