Since September 11, 2001, our nation has seen an unprecedented attack on civil liberties in the name of preventing terrorism. From the USA Patriot Act, to radicalization hearings and mysterious domestic surveillance operations, our government often seems too willing to sacrifice freedom in the name of security.
Since 9/11, Muslims have been subjected to unlawful state surveillance, profiling, and deportation for imagined threats to the United States. This treatment has permanent consequences for individuals and their families and is a stain on our collective conscience. In his first days in office, President Donald Trump acted on his campaign promise of "a total and complete shutdown of Muslims entering the United States" by implementing anti-immigrant executive orders.
By January 27th, 2017, three executive orders were signed by the president concerning immigration. The "Muslim Ban" restricted immigration from Iraq, Syria, Iran, Sudan, Libya, Somalia, and Yemen for 90 days, suspended all refugee entry for 120 days, and suspended Syrian refugee entry indefinitely. After numerous court cases, including one filed by the ACLU, federal courts stepped in to stop the "Muslim Ban" from being implemented.
Weeks later, the president signed a revised executive order, dubbed by the media "Muslim Ban 2.0." The revisions removed Iraq from the list of banned countries as well as language about preferential treatment to non-Muslims, and exempted all visa and green-card holders. It also replaced the complete ban of Syrian refugees with a 120-day freeze. What stayed the same? The discriminatory and unconstitutional core of the executive order. On March 16, federal judges in Hawaii and Maryland stopped the Trump administration from refusing to grant visas from six predominantly-Muslim countries on the grounds of religious discrimination. In Hawaii, the judge went further to also stop the freeze of Syrian refugee entry.
On June 26, the Supreme Court of the United States granted certiorari which means they will hear arguments on both cases in the fall. Additionally, the Supreme Court has allowed part of the ban to go into effect. Starting June 29, the government can ban people who are subject to the ban and do not have a "credible claim of bona fide relationship with a person or entity in the United States." For example, visa holders, lawful permanent residents and dual nationals cannot be denied entry.
The ACLU created this informational guide to assist Ohioans in having productive conversations with their United States Senators and Representatives at Town Hall meetings. We highlighted some of the most pressing issues of 2017, including but not limited to the Muslim Ban, Sanctuary Cities, and Border Protection. We also included sample questions that may be of use to constituents and grass roots organizations. Please feel free to share with other members in your community!
Read the one-pager: Going to a Town Hall Near You?
Cleveland is hosting the 2016 Republican National Convention (RNC). The RNC is a National Special Security Event, which means that Cleveland will receive $50 million to help pay for heightened security measures, including expanded law enforcement and surveillance. In July 2014, the Cleveland City Council passed an ordinance that places numerous pertinent locations in downtown Cleveland on hold for the RNC Host Committee's use and grants the city permission to take out an insurance policy.
Cleveland has said it will spend $30 million on expanded personnel and $20 million on security equipment. Additionally, the city is requesting a large insurance policy to not only shield them from liability for injuries and accidents, but also lawsuits arising from First and Fourth amendment violations.
This slideshow by the Ohio Chapter of the National Lawyers Guild provides an overview of current city ordinances which relate to the RNC, the equipment and weaponry that Cleveland is planning to purchase for the RNC, as well as examples of items that past convention host cities purchased.
On March 21, 2016 the ACLU of Ohio and a coalition of activists called on city officials to provide opportunities for public input and transparency on the purchase of equipment for the RNC, as well as the decommissioning of this equipment after the convention. This group sent an open letter to the Cleveland mayor and city council and provided a draft resolution for demilitarization of the city's police force.
The United States government is using "predictive judgment" to prevent certain people from using commercial air transportation. In other words, the government is trying to predict whether people might commit a terrorist act, whether or not they have a criminal record.
People on this list need ways of redress to demonstrate their innocence of crimes they haven't committed. The government refuses to provide these safeguards in its current system. It also declines to tell these people the reasons it has for predicting misconduct or what evidence it has collected, leaving them to guess. Finally, it will not provide a hearing for people to press their case and challenge government witnesses.
The ACLU has asked the courts, on behalf of victims of predictive judgment, to strike down the government's current redress process and make it responsive to those wronged by predictive judgment.
On Friday, July 8, 2015, the U.S. Department of Justice actually recommended in a congressional hearing that Congress pressure companies to weaken their encryption efforts by building into them a so-called "back door" into their products.
Supposedly, according to the DOJ, commercial information technology is becoming so protected by encryption that even companies servicing that technology can't access the information it protects. It also gets in the way of legitimate law enforcement investigations, thus impacting national security.
The DOJ indicated that, while it's not yet trying to get this recommendation mandated into law, it isn't ruling that out in the future.
The ACLU always has opposed efforts to mandate weakened securityencryption. "Whether through a mandate or another form of government pressure, weakened cybersecurity is a lose-lose proposition for security and privacy," said Neema Singh Guliani, ACLU Legislative Counsel.
Authorities in the intelligence field maintain it's impossible to make a law enforcement backdoor that isn't also open to criminals, hackers and dishonest government individuals.
The DOJ offered no evidence that weakened cybersecurity is actually needed.
Government-mandated cybersecurity weakening puts the private sector even more solidly into a position of responsibility for building the government's surveillance infrastructure.
This DOJ recommendation, if it is adopted, does not protect national or corporate security. More important, it also threatens critical Fourth Amendment guarantees of personal privacy.
Download a printable one-page PDF of Drones and Domestic Surveillance: A civil liberties briefing.
Drones are unmanned aerial vehicles controlled by a human operator. They are used by both the government and private sector for a variety of purposes: from scientific research to agriculture to military operations. Domestic drone use is regulated by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). Thus far, the FAA has proceeded cautiously, permitting only a small number of domestic law enforcement agencies to operate drones. However, there is increasing pressure from industry, law enforcement, and some in Congress to permit more domestic drones and expand their use.
Increased surveillance. The high cost of manned aircraft has always imposed a limit on the government's aerial surveillance capacity. The low cost and flexibility of drones erode that limit.
More invasive technology. Increasing technology, such as high powered night vision cameras and see-through imaging, provide more and better detail and exacerbate privacy issues.
Threats to free speech. Surveillance curtails individual liberty and freedom by placing Americans under constant scrutiny. Innocent people may fear punishment if they exercise their First Amendment rights on issues where they do not agree with the government.
Misuse of data. Local and federal law enforcement agencies routinely store all kinds of data on Ohioans. Without limits on data retention and sharing, we risk the creation of databases that facilitate the pervasive, permanent monitoring of innocent Ohioans.
Association of Chiefs of Police, the national Republican Party, and the ACLU all agree that guidelines on domestic drone use will help protect against unreasonable government intrusion.
Currently, there is a surge of activity in state legislatures all over the nation aimed at regulating domestic drone use. To date, approximately 95-percent of these bills include a requirement that law enforcement officials get a warrant before using drones in their investigations.
H.B. 207: Permits law enforcement to operate drones for evidence and information collection after a search warrant is obtained; in an emergency; or when necessary to thwart a terrorist attack.
S.B. 189: Permits state employees to operate drones after a search warrant is obtained or in an emergency; codifies limits on data retention; bans weapons on drones; and establishes a reporting requirement for drone operations.
The ACLU of Ohio supports both of these bills, which work proactively to balance civil liberties and public safety.
KindHearts for Charitable Humanitarian Development, Inc. v. Geithner et al.
The ACLU and several civil rights lawyers filed a lawsuit on behalf of KindHearts for Charitable Humanitarian Development, Inc., an Ohio-based charity whose property was frozen by the U.S. Treasury Department's Office of Foreign Assets Control based simply on the assertion that KindHearts was "under investigation." Get details in our legal docket.
Kindhearts' assets were frozen for over three years, despite no formal charges and no evidence presented against them. Unable to function as a charity, the organization finally ceased operations in January 2012.
Kindhearts has maintained all along that they did not support terrorism. Along with the ACLU, the charity won a major victory in 2011 when the federal court, for the first time, struck down the post-September 11th government's troubling record of seizing private property and condemning organizations without presenting evidence or providing any semblance of due process.
In May, 2012, the government settled the lawsuit brought by KindHearts, agreeing to remove the organization from their blacklist and to let it distribute the funds it has raised for humanitarian causes.
This is the first time the government has agreed to remove an organization from a watch list as a result of a lawsuit, and then allowed the organization to distribute its assets. The government also agreed to pay KindHearts' attorney fees.
Senate Bill 9 — the Ohio Patriot Act — was signed into law January 11, 2006, and went into effect April 14, 2006. Originally introduced in the Ohio General Assembly to ostensibly fight terrorism, the law infringes on Ohioans' due process rights, chills dissent and encourages racial profiling of immigrants and people of color.
For many civil libertarians, the "declaration" is eerily similar to the McCarthy-era loyalty oaths of the 1950's, when so many lives were ruined by fear-mongering accusations of Communism.
Current state of Ohio regulations related to the declaration form can be found here.
Many airports now require passengers to go through a scanner that uses radiation to provide agents with an electronic image of your naked body. Passengers who opt out will be subjected to a standard pat-down procedure. The ACLU believes that routine full body scanning, embarrassingly intimate pat-downs and racial profiling threaten our civil liberties and are not proven to be effective in enhancing security. Read more on the national ACLU website.
October 26, 2011 marked the ten year anniversary of the Patriot Act, one of the most sweeping and decisive blows to civil liberties in the United States.
We all watched as our government used the Patriot Act to unleash unprecedented campaigns of intimidation and surveillance on its own population. Over a decade later, the Department of Homeland Security has grown to monolithic proportions while the true scope of our nation's domestic surveillance programs remains shrouded in secrecy.
For more information about the Patriot Act, click here.
Rep. Peter King (R-Long Island) announced in 2011 that he would conduct hearings on Muslim "radicalization" in the U.S. House Homeland Security Committee. King alleges that Muslims who hold devout religious beliefs are more likely to be associated with terrorism. The ACLU strongly opposes targeting of any person based on religious belief. Rep. King's crusade evokes frightening imagery of past Congressional hearings targeting Jews, atheists, and left-leaning activists.
Read the ACLU's testimony to the House Homeland Security Committee here.
On February 23, 2011, the ACLU of Southern California and the Council on American-Islamic Relations filed suit against the Federal Bureau of Investigations after revelations that they placed informants in mosques to spy on innocent Americans. From 2006-2007, an FBI informant posed as a Muslim convert and collected information on others at the mosque. Reportedly, the FBI directed the informant to specifically target devout Muslims.


Ability to transfer funds every time and everywhere even outside office hours and during weekends.
Ability to check information on holders of online beneficiary cards/accounts before conducting transactions.
Diversified and suitable transaction channels for various customers.
A maximum funds transfer limit of up to 300 million VND per transaction (that may vary depending on each bank's policy on applicable transaction channels).
Receivers' accounts are immediately credited in a fast and easy manner.


The post How To Fold Shirts & Pants : Folding Men's T-shirts appeared first on Saif Ahmed Khatri's Blog.
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If you do not know what to look for when buying Folding Table and Chairs for Kids, it is not easy to make the right decision. There is a too big risk of choosing Folding Table and Chairs for Kids and being disappointed when you receive the product. This guide will help you.
The post Top 10 Best Folding Table And Chairs For Kids Comparison appeared first on Saif Ahmed Khatri's Blog.
If you do not know what to look for when buying Folding Beach Wagon with Big Wheels, it is not easy to make the right decision. There is a too big risk of choosing Folding Beach Wagon with Big Wheels and being disappointed when you receive the product. This guide will help you.
The post Top 10 Best Folding Beach Wagon With Big Wheels Comparison appeared first on Saif Ahmed Khatri's Blog.
If you do not know what to look for when buying Outdoor Folding Table and Chairs Set, it is not easy to make the right decision. There is a too big risk of choosing Outdoor Folding Table and Chairs Set and being disappointed when you receive the product. This guide will help you.
The post Top 10 Best Outdoor Folding Table And Chairs Set Comparison appeared first on Saif Ahmed Khatri's Blog.


[ROM] MIUIPro 6.3.31 XIAOMI REDMI NOTE 3 ~ Komunitas Orang Pintar !!!
Use SP Flash Tool from the ZIP.
Choose Download agent - DA_SWSEC.bin from SP Flash Tool folder.
Choose Scatter - MT6795_Android_scatter.txt from Images folder.
And finally and very important - UNCHECK preloader.
Turn off RMN3 and Press only Volume down button on RMN3 and plug USB cable immediately. Keep button pressed.
See the red bar in SP Flash Tool. Now you can leave the Volume down button.
See the yellow bar in SP Flash Tool - that means flashing is started, wait until progress is 100% and window with green check mark appear. Flashing is done.
Now disconnect USB cable, close the SP Flash Tool and turn on RMN3. First start may take up to 10 minutes.


text:
Stoops Red River Special Debuts Monday
By Digital Team
Oklahoma Athletics
NORMAN – Relive the best of OU-Texas during the Bob Stoops era through the eyes of those who lived it.
Bob Stoops & the Red River Rivalry debuts Monday at 10 p.m. CT on FOX Sports Southwest. Featuring Stoops himself, DeMarco Murray, Adrian Peterson and others, the one-hour special takes a look back at the highs, the lows and some stories you've never heard before.
The program will re-air multiple times throughout the week leading up to this year's edition of the AT&T Red River Showdown.
Oklahoma went 11-7 during the Stoops era, including five straight wins from 2000-04. During that stretch, the Sooners handed the Longhorns two of their worst losses in program history — 63-14 in 2000 and 65-13 in 2003. Stoops walked away a winner in his final game against the arch-rival, 45-40 in 2016.
var page_ADS_SCRIPT_1 = '
googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("dc-ad-7474847123594-0"); });'+'ipt>
else { /*Desktop*/
The SMO: Why doesn't Texas fall into the Gulf of Mexico?
Oklahoma Football: Previewing the new food options at the State Fair of Texas (2018)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Results 11 - 20 of 756,909
Querying Semi-Structured Data
by Serge Abiteboul , 1997
CONDENSATION - conditional density propagation for visual tracking
by Michael Isard, Andrew Blake - International Journal of Computer Vision , 1998
"... The problem of tracking curves in dense visual clutter is challenging. Kalman filtering is inadequate because it is based on Gaussian densities which, being unimodal, cannot represent simultaneous alternative hypotheses. The Condensation algorithm uses "factored sampling", previously appli ..."
Abstract - Cited by 1499 (12 self) - Add to MetaCart
The problem of tracking curves in dense visual clutter is challenging. Kalman filtering is inadequate because it is based on Gaussian densities which, being unimodal, cannot represent simultaneous alternative hypotheses. The Condensation algorithm uses "factored sampling", previously
Base-calling of automated sequencer traces using phred. I. Accuracy Assessment
by Brent Ewing, Ladeana Hillier, Michael C. Wendl, Phil Green - GENOME RES , 1998
"... The availability of massive amounts of DNA sequence information has begun to revolutionize the practice of biology. As a result, current large-scale sequencing output, while impressive, is not adequate to keep pace with growing demand and, in particular, is far short of what will be required to obta ..."
improved accuracy of the data processing software and reliable accuracy measures to reduce the need for human involvement in error correction and make human review more efficient. Here, we describe one step toward that goal: a base-calling program for automated sequencer traces, phred, with improved
An Efficient Boosting Algorithm for Combining Preferences
by Raj Dharmarajan Iyer , Jr. , 1999
"... The problem of combining preferences arises in several applications, such as combining the results of different search engines. This work describes an efficient algorithm for combining multiple preferences. We first give a formal framework for the problem. We then describe and analyze a new boosting ..."
The problem of combining preferences arises in several applications, such as combining the results of different search engines. This work describes an efficient algorithm for combining multiple preferences. We first give a formal framework for the problem. We then describe and analyze a new
Contour Tracking By Stochastic Propagation of Conditional Density
by Michael Isard, Andrew Blake , 1996
"... . In Proc. European Conf. Computer Vision, 1996, pp. 343--356, Cambridge, UK The problem of tracking curves in dense visual clutter is a challenging one. Trackers based on Kalman filters are of limited use; because they are based on Gaussian densities which are unimodal, they cannot represent s ..."
. In Proc. European Conf. Computer Vision, 1996, pp. 343--356, Cambridge, UK The problem of tracking curves in dense visual clutter is a challenging one. Trackers based on Kalman filters are of limited use; because they are based on Gaussian densities which are unimodal, they cannot represent
TaintDroid: An Information-Flow Tracking System for Realtime Privacy Monitoring on Smartphones
by William Enck, Landon P. Cox, Jaeyeon Jung, et al. , 2010
"... Today's smartphone operating systems fail to provide users with adequate control and visibility into how third-party applications use their private data. We present TaintDroid, an efficient, system-wide dynamic taint tracking and analysis system for the popular Android platform that can simultaneous ..."
Today's smartphone operating systems fail to provide users with adequate control and visibility into how third-party applications use their private data. We present TaintDroid, an efficient, system-wide dynamic taint tracking and analysis system for the popular Android platform that can
Cost-Aware WWW Proxy Caching Algorithms
by Pei Cao, Sandy Irani - IN PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 USENIX SYMPOSIUM ON INTERNET TECHNOLOGY AND SYSTEMS , 1997
"... Web caches can not only reduce network traffic and downloading latency, but can also affect the distribution of web traffic over the network through costaware caching. This paper introduces GreedyDualSize, which incorporates locality with cost and size concerns in a simple and non-parameterized fash ..."
-parameterized fashion for high performance. Trace-driven simulations show that with the appropriate cost definition, GreedyDual-Size outperforms existing web cache replacement algorithms in many aspects, including hit ratios, latency reduction and network cost reduction. In addition, GreedyDual-Size can potentially
Pfinder: Real-time tracking of the human body
by Christopher Richard Wren, Ali Azarbayejani, Trevor Darrell, Alex Paul Pentland - IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE , 1997
"... Pfinder is a real-time system for tracking people and interpreting their behavior. It runs at 10Hz on a standard SGI Indy computer, and has performed reliably on thousands of people in many different physical locations. The system uses a multiclass statistical model of color and shape to obtain a 2D ..."
Pfinder is a real-time system for tracking people and interpreting their behavior. It runs at 10Hz on a standard SGI Indy computer, and has performed reliably on thousands of people in many different physical locations. The system uses a multiclass statistical model of color and shape to obtain a 2
Instance-based learning algorithms
by David W. Aha, Dennis Kibler, Marc K. Albert - Machine Learning , 1991
"... Abstract. Storing and using specific instances improves the performance of several supervised learning algorithms. These include algorithms that learn decision trees, classification rules, and distributed networks. However, no investigation has analyzed algorithms that use only specific instances to ..."
Abstract. Storing and using specific instances improves the performance of several supervised learning algorithms. These include algorithms that learn decision trees, classification rules, and distributed networks. However, no investigation has analyzed algorithms that use only specific instances
Activity recognition from user-annotated acceleration data
by Ling Bao, Stephen S. Intille , 2004
"... In this work, algorithms are developed and evaluated to detect physical activities from data acquired using five small biaxial accelerometers worn simultaneously on different parts of the body. Acceleration data was collected from 20 subjects without researcher supervision or observation. Subjects ..."
In this work, algorithms are developed and evaluated to detect physical activities from data acquired using five small biaxial accelerometers worn simultaneously on different parts of the body. Acceleration data was collected from 20 subjects without researcher supervision or observation


Atlanta residents are buzzing about rumors that the Atlanta Central Library may be demolished.
But the resolution's author said people are misunderstanding his intent.
"I've never favored doing demolition of the library," Councilman C.T. Martin told The Atlanta Journal-Constitution Wednesday. Rather, he said, he was simply proposing that that the main-branch of the library remain downtown – not necessarily on the same plot of land. He plans to rewrite the resolution to clarify.
"We're going to amend it and change up the language so people don't think we're trying to tear it down," Martin said.
The hitch is, the city council has no say in the matter anyway.
Dr. Gabriel Morley, the director of Atlanta-Fulton Public Library System, told the AJC Wednesday that the fate of the downtown library is in the hands of the Fulton County Board of Commissioners, and to the best of his knowledge, tearing down the current building is not an option they're considering. Fulton County officials expect to either renovate the current 265,000-sq.-foot headquarters or sell it and build a new, smaller library at a different location.
Martin said the resolution was simply a way to share the city council's opinion with the Fulton County Commissioners, as well as bring the issue to the public's attention.
Councilman Kwanza Hall, whose district includes the Central Library, has been fighting for this building from the start, though. He proposed that the resolution go to a committee for further review, but didn't garner enough support to postpone the vote.
"It was so quickly framed and put up, I think it missed the point," Hall said of the confusion surrounding Martin's intent.
He's glad this resolution has catapulted a building he cares about into the public interest, but wishes the discussion could focus more on how to revitalize the current structure, either as a library or other adaptive reuse building.


Stylish t-shirt from the video game DOTA 2, showing Earthshaker in a cute cuddle design. Comes with an Ingame Code to unlock Imbued Sculptor's Pillar 2015. Made of 100% cotton. Produced by Gaya Entertainment.


text:
ADR Neutral: Terence K McGee
Terence K McGee
19020 BOTHELL WAY NE, STE D
tkmcgee@mcgeelaw.net
admiralty, commercial litigation, environmental litigation, insurance coverage litigation, business counseling and transactions, mediation
Member, McGee Law Offices PLLC, Seattle, 2004-present Of counsel, Danielson Harrigan Leyh & Tollefson, Seattle, 1995-2003; Member, Tousley Brain, Seattle, 1993-94; Partner, McGee & Reno, Seattle, 1986-1993; Partner, Detels, Madden, Crockett & McGee, Seattle, 1981-86; Partner, LeGros Buchanan & Paul, Seattle, 1980-81; Associate, LeGros Buchanan & Paul, Seattle, 1976-80; Law Clerk, Judge Herbert A. Swanson, Washington State Court of Appeals, 1975-76
United States Supreme Court, 1978; United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, 1976; United States District Court for the Western District of Washington, 1976; District of Alaska, 2009; District of Oregon, 2010; Eastern District of Washington, 2011; United States Tax Court, 1978; United States Court of International Trade, 1996; Washington Supreme Court, 1975; Alaska Supreme Court, 2005; Oregon Supreme Court, 2010
J.D., University of the Pacific, McGeorge School of Law, 1975; B.A., University of California at Berkeley, 1970
Washington State Bar Association, Alaska Bar Association, Oregon State Bar, Maritime Law Association of the United States, King County Bar Association, Federal Bar Association of the Western District of Washington, American Bar Association
Professional Mediation Skills Training Program, University of Washington School of Law, 2007; 15th Annual Northwest Dispute Resolution Conference, University of Washington School of Law, 2007; Alternative Dispute Resolution Seminar, Federal Bar Association, WD Wash., 2011; 7 Secrets of Successful Business-to-Business Mediation, ALI-CLE, 2014; Best Practices of Successful Mediation, WSBA CLE, 2014; Ethics of Truthful Mediation, WSBA CLE, 2014; Mediation--the Good, the Bad, the Ugly, WSBA CLE, 2014; What is the Relevance of the Joint Opening Session in Today's Commercial Mediation Process? ABA CLE 1.25 hours, 5/24/17; Venting in Mediation: Helpful or Harmful? Insights from Science, ABA CLE 1.25 hours, 5/30/17; Ethics and Professionalism in Mediation: Ethical Issues faced by Mediators and Advocates, ABA CLE 1.25 hours, 5/31/17; Closing the Deal: Getting to Yes (and Evading No!), ABA CLE 1.25 hours, 6/2/17
Participation in many Rule 39.1 mediations as counsel for a party and in a substantial number as mediator or arbitrator. Participation in voluntary mediation of complex, multi-party disputes as counsel for a party, mediator, and arbitrator. Participation in King County Superior Court mandatory arbitration as counsel for a party. Participation in contractually mandated arbitration proceedings as counsel for a party, mediator, and arbitrator.
Admiralty/Maritime, Business Litigation, Contracts, Environment, Insurance


The world record holder Usain Bolt has lost for a second time in three days to Yohan Blake at the Jamaican Olympic trials.
Blake set himself up as the man to beat in London with a stunning 200 metres victory to go with his emphatic win in the 100 metres, catching the triple Olympic gold medalist down the stretch before holding him off in the closing metres to win in 19.80 seconds to a massive roar from a frenzied crowd at the National Stadium.
Bolt secured his Olympic spot by taking second in 19.83, grinning as he hugged his training partner in the finish area.


Our reclaimed Wormy Chestnut is true American treasure. The native Chestnut once grew to a diameter of up to 10 feet and a height of 100 feet in our eastern virgin forest. These trees existed in abundance in the late 1800's and early 1900's, and often became infested by the wormy chestnut timber worm boring tunnels through the tree trunks and branches. Around 1905 a lethal strain of Blight Fungus began infecting the American Chestnut. By 1950, three and a half billion American Chestnut trees were killed. Today, the American Chestnut is almost extinct. As the years passed, the wormy chestnut timber worm continued feasting on dead American Chestnut trees as they rested on the forest floor. These wood boring artists left uniquely beautiful worm holes in their wake. Today, Scotland Neck Heart Pine, Inc. reclaims "Wormy Chestnut" from the forest and from old buildings and provides this extremely rare specie as floorings, paneling, molding, and rough stock.


text:
Events calendar العربية
11 – 18 January 2020 ABU DHABI, UAE
Now open for registration
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Explore ADSW 2020
Zayed Sustainability Prize
The Future Sustainability Summit
WFES Expo and Forums
Youth 4 Sustainability Hub
Policy Events
About ADSW
HE Eng. Khalid A. Al-Falih
HE Eng. Khalid A. Al-Falih, Minister of Energy, Industry and Mineral Resources for Saudi Arabia
About Speaker
HE Khalid A. Al-Falih has been Chairman of the Board of Saudi Aramco since April 2015.
He is Minister of Energy, Industry and Mineral Resources for Saudi Arabia. HE Al-Falih served as the President and Chief Executive Officer of Saudi Aramco from 2009 until 2015, and previously held a range of roles at the company.
HE Al-Falih has a Master of Business Administration from King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, and a Bachelor's degree in Mechanical Engineering from Texas A&M University.
Explore ADSW Events
Visitors pack
For general enquiries, please contact us using the below options
+97126533333 adsw@masdar.ae Masdar City, Presidential Flight, Khalifa City A, Abu Dhabi, UAE P.O. Box 54115
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© 2019 MASDAR


Earl Nightingale said that he came to his "aha" moment at the age of twenty-nine while reading Napoleon Hill's Think and Grow Rich – specifically the words "we become what we think about". Shortly thereafter he recorded The Strangest Secret which went on to earn a gold record and became the largest selling non-entertainment recording in record industry history.
Think and Grow Rich is the standard against which all motivational books are measured. The book (and audiobook) has helped millions of people create their own success and realize their dreams. This audio condensation brings those two worlds together again – an audio lecture by famed broadcaster Earl Nightingale that clearly and quickly reviews Napoleon Hill's classic success principles.If you've never read or listened to Think and Grow Rich before, this audio condensation may serve as your own personal "aha" moment. And if you have read or listened before, then this forty-two minute motivational gem maybe the best refresher course ever to set you back on the road to riches. For the Two-CD package – Plus a bonus disc of Napoleon Hill's lecture on The Three Major Causes of Failure!
Earl Nightingale said that he came to his "aha" moment at the age of twenty-nine while reading Napoleon Hill's Think and Grow Rich – specifically the words "we become what we think about". Shortly thereafter he recorded The Strangest Secret which went on to earn a gold record and became the largest selling non-entertainment recording in record industry history.
Think and Grow Rich is the standard against which all motivational books are measured. The book (and audiobook) has helped millions of people create their own success and realize their dreams. This audio condensation brings those two worlds together again – an audio lecture by famed broadcaster Earl Nightingale that clearly and quickly reviews Napoleon Hill's classic success principles.If you've never read or listened to Think and Grow Rich before, this audio condensation may serve as your own personal "aha" moment. And if you have read or listened before, then this forty-two minute motivational gem maybe the best refresher course ever to set you back on the road to riches. For the Two-CD package – Plus a bonus disc of Napoleon Hill's lecture on The Three Major Causes of Failure!


text:
# pilt-lib-chat: module **client**

## Usage
``` javascript
var ChatClient = require("./"),
  Jid = require("../jid"),
  client = new ChatClient({
    accountName: "MyAccountName",
    password: "MyPassword",
    server: "NA"
  });

client.on("online", function () {
    console.log("Connected.");
});

client.on("offline", function () {
    console.log("Disconnected.");
});

client.on("message", function (message) {
    var sender = client.getFriendlist().filter(function (friend) {
        return (friend.jid === message.from);
    })[0].name;
    var text = message.body;
    console.log("%s: %s", sender, text);
});

// Friendlist
// The friendlist will always return friend objects
// which are instances of Friend from friend.js
var friend;
friend = client.friendlist.getFriendByName("Summonername");
friend = client.friendlist.getFriendByJid("s000000@pvp.net/resource");
friend = client.friendlist.getFriendByJid("s000000@pvp.net");
// The resource will always be ignored when querying for a friend

var jid = new Jid(/* ... */);
friend = client.friendlist.getFriendByJid(jid);
// You can also query by jid with an instance of Jid from the jid-package

var friendRequests = client.friendlist.getFriendRequests();
// Get an array of all open friendrequests (invites)
// friendrequests will be instances of FriendRequest from friend-request.js

client.friendlist.sendFriendRequestToName("Summonername");
client.friendlist.sendFriendRequestToJid(jid);
```

## General information

All supported servers can be found in the `servers.json` file.

The `ChatClient` class inherits from nodes `events.EventEmitter` class, so it inherits the

## API
### `ChatClient(options)`
Constructs a client object with the given mandatory `options` object with the following fields.
``` javascript
{
    accountName: "", // String with your accountname. Not your summonername.
    password: "", // String with your accounts password
    server: "", // Case insensitive string with the server abbreviation
    replaceLeagueChat: false // Optional boolean weather you want the chat to replace the League Client chat or exist side by side (Defaults to false)
}
```

### `#isOnline()`
Returns a `boolean` wheather or not the client is online.

### `#isClosed()`
Returns a `boolean` wheather or not the connection is fully closed.

There is currently no way to reconnect a closed connection.

### `#getFriendlist()`
Returns the full `friendlist` array the client is currently aware of, like following.
``` javascript
[
	{
		jid: "", // JID of the friend
		name: "", // The friends summonername
		online: true, // Boolean wheather the friend is online or not
		note: "", // Optional string with the note you added for this friend
		group: { // Optional object with information about the group this friend is in
			name: "", // Name of the group
			priority: // Optional number which specifies the order of the group
		},
		statusColor: "", // Optional string with the color the friend appears in the League Client Chat
		status: "" // Optional string with the friends status-text
	},
	{ ... }
]
```

### `#disconnect()`
Disconnects the client and fully closes the connection.

There is currently no way to reconnect a closed connection.

### `#sendMessage(jid, message)`
With `jid` being a **valid JID** and `message` of type `string`

Sends a simple chat message to the specified jid.

### `#changePresence(color, [status])`
With `color` being a **valid chat availability color string** and `status` of type `string`

Changes the own presence and status.

### `#getOwnJid([includeResource])`
With `includeResource` of type `boolean`

Returns your own internal JID, which differs from the one used to authenticate.

### `#changeNote(jid, note)`
With `jid` being a **valid JID** and `note` of type `string`

Changes the user defined note of the user with the given JID.

Returns `true` if successful.

### `#changeGroup(jid, group, [priority])`
With `jid` being a **valid JID**, `group` being of type `string` and priority being a `number`

Changes the group the user with the given JID belongs to.

Returns `true` if successful.

### `#addListener(event, listener)`
### `#on(event, listener)`
Inherited from `events.EventEmitter`.
[See here for more info.](http://nodejs.org/api/events.html "Node.js Documentation: Events")

### `#once(event, listener)`
Inherited from `events.EventEmitter`.
[See here for more info.](http://nodejs.org/api/events.html "Node.js Documentation: Events")

### `#removeListener(event, listener)`
Inherited from `events.EventEmitter`.
[See here for more info.](http://nodejs.org/api/events.html "Node.js Documentation: Events")

### `#removeAllListeners([event])`
Inherited from `events.EventEmitter`.
[See here for more info.](http://nodejs.org/api/events.html "Node.js Documentation: Events")

### `#setMaxListeners(n)`
Inherited from `events.EventEmitter`.
[See here for more info.](http://nodejs.org/api/events.html "Node.js Documentation: Events")

### `#listeners(event)`
Inherited from `events.EventEmitter`.
[See here for more info.](http://nodejs.org/api/events.html "Node.js Documentation: Events")

### `#emit(event, [arg1], [arg2], [...])`
Inherited from `events.EventEmitter`.
[See here for more info.](http://nodejs.org/api/events.html "Node.js Documentation: Events")

## Events

### `error`
Emitted with the occurred `errorObject` which is an custom Error and instance of `Error`.

### `xmpp-error`
Emitted with the occurred `errorResponse` like following.

``` javascript
{
	stanzaType: "", // stanza-type on which the error occurred
	errorType: "", // One of [ "cancle", "continue", "modify", "auth", "wait" ] according to http://xmpp.org/rfcs/rfc3920.html#rfc.section.9.3.2
	text: "", // optional descriptive error text
	definedErrorConditions: [
		"gone",
		"not-allowed",
		"jid-malformed"
	], // List of camel-cased Defined Error Conditions according to http://xmpp.org/rfcs/rfc3920.html#rfc.section.9.3.3
	xml: "" // xml string of error stanza
}
```

### `online`
Emitted without data when the client connects to the server.

### `offline`
Emitted without data when the client closes the connection to the server.

### `presence`
Emitted with the presence-changing `friend` like following.

``` javascript
{
	jid: "", // JID of the friend
	name: "", // The friends summonername
	online: true, // Boolean wheather the friend is online of not
	note: "", // Optional string with the note you added for this friend
	group: { // Optional object with information about the group this friend is in
		name: "", // Name of the group
		priority: // Optional number which specifies the order of the group
	},
	statusColor: "", // Optional string with the color the friend appears in the League Client Chat
	status: "" // Optional string with the friends status-text
}
```

### `message`
Emitted with the received `message` like following.

``` javascript
{
	from: "", // JID of the sender
	date: new Date(), // Date the message was sent or if not accessible current date
	body: "" // string of the message-body or if not accessible ""
}
```

### `roster`
Emitted with the received full `friendlist` array like following.

``` javascript
[
	{
		jid: "", // JID of the friend
		name: "", // The friends summonername
		online: false, // Boolean wheather the friend is online or not
		note: "", // Optional string with the note you added for this friend
		group: { // Optional object with information about the group this friend is in
			name: "", // Name of the group
			priority: // Optional number which specifies the order of the group
		}
	},
	{ ... }
]
```

### `roster:update`
Emitted with the changing `friend` like following.
This is not the same as the `presence` event.
It can only occurr when the user actively changes information in his friendlist.

``` javascript
{
	jid: "", // JID of the friend
	name: "", // The friends summonername
	online: false, // Boolean wheather the friend is online or not
	note: "", // Optional string with the note you added for this friend
	group: { // Optional object with information about the group this frien$
		name: "", // Name of the group
		priority: // Optional number which specifies the order of the group
	}
}
```

### `newListener`
Inherited from `events.EventEmitter`.
[See here for more info.](http://nodejs.org/api/events.html "Node.js Documentation: Events")

### `removeListener`
Inherited from `events.EventEmitter`.
[See here for more info.](http://nodejs.org/api/events.html "Node.js Documentation: Events")

## Resources

### XMPP Settings

| Setting                | Value                        |
|:---------------------- |:---------------------------- |
| protocol               | XMPP                         |
| username               | <your LoL accountname> |
| password               | AIR_< LoL password>    |
| domain                 | pvp.net                      |
| connection security    | old-style SSL / legacy SSL   |
| connect port           | 5223                         |

### Server URLs

| Abbreviation | Region                   | URL                           |
|:------------ |:------------------------ |:----------------------------- |
| EUW          | EU West                  | chat.euw1.lol.riotgames.com   |
| EUNE         | EU Nordic & East         | chat.eun1.lol.riotgames.com   |
| US           | US                       | chat.na1.lol.riotgames.com    |
| PBE          | Public Beta Environment  | chat.pbe1.lol.riotgames.com   |
| OCE          | Oceania                  | chat.oc1.lol.riotgames.com    |
| BR           | Brazil                   | chat.br.lol.riotgames.com     |
| TR           | Turkey                   | chat.tr.lol.riotgames.com     |
| RU           | Russia                   | chat.ru.lol.riotgames.com     |
| LAN          | Latin America North      | chat.la1.lol.riotgames.com    |
| LAS          | Latin America South      | chat.la2.lol.riotgames.com    |
| TW           | Taiwan                   | chattw.lol.garenanow.com      |
| TH           | Thailand                 | chatth.lol.garenanow.com      |
| VN           | Vietnam                  | chatvn.lol.garenanow.com      |
| PH           | Phillipines              | chatph.lol.garenanow.com      |

### Sources

- [LoL Wikia ~Sevenix Connecting to the LoL chat using XMPP protocol](http://leagueoflegends.wikia.com/wiki/User:Sevenix/XMMP_Chat)
- [XMPP Defined Error Conditions](http://xmpp.org/rfcs/rfc3920.html#rfc.section.9.3.3)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Bio-inspired nanoreactors
by Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Scientists of KIT and QUT in Brisbane/Australia have developed bioinspired, catalytically active single-chain nanoparticles. Credit: Ella Maru
Catalysis, in the course of which a substance accelerates a chemical reaction, but remains unchanged, is of central importance to many industrial processes. To develop efficient catalysts optimized for various applications, researchers of different disciplines working in the Collaborative Research Center "Molecular Structuring of Soft Matter" (CRC 1176) of KIT were inspired by biological models. The chemists combined the structuring of natural enzymes with the design of synthetic macromolecules.
As reported by the scientists in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, their work is inspired by the structure of metallo-enzymes, catalytically active proteins containing a metal. They specifically insert metal ions into a tailored-made polymer framework. The results are catalytically active single-chain nanoparticles. "In first studies, these new multi-functional nanoreactors reached very promising results as regards both catalyst characteristics and product formation," say Professor Christopher Barner-Kowollik, Head of the Macromolecular Architectures Group of the Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), and Professor Peter Roesky, Head of the Chair for Inorganic Functional Materials of KIT's Institute for Inorganic Chemistry (AOC).
The catalytically active single-chain nanoparticles have been developed by the KIT-coordinated collaborative research center "Molecular Structuring of Soft Matter" (CRC 1176) funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) in close cooperation with Queensland University of Technology (QUT) in Brisbane/Australia. Within this collaborative research center, scientists are working on theoretical, analytical, and synthetic processes to specifically adjust the chain length or sequence of the building blocks of large molecules, for instance. The goal is the controlled structuring of soft matter on the molecular level in three dimensions in order to obtain macromolecules precisely designed for defined functions.
Chemical Passwords and Molecular Tissues
Within CRC 1176, KIT researchers also found a way to reliably protect digitally transmitted sensitive information. They combined computer science and chemistry knowledge, i.e. a common encryption process and a chemical password. It represents a chemical compound with a certain sequence of building blocks and attached side chains. Letters and numbers are assigned to the chemical components.
Another highlight of CRC 1176 are two-dimensional fabrics made of monomolecular polymer threads. To produce these tissues of a single molecular layer in thickness, the researchers used surface-mounted metal-organic frameworks, called SURMOFs, as "looms." The polymer threads are kept together by the chemical forces resulting from the weaving pattern, such that the molecular tissues are as flexible as conventional fabrics.
Researchers use light to design defined molecule chains
More information: Hannah Rothfuss et al. Single-Chain Nanoparticles as Catalytic Nanoreactors, Journal of the American Chemical Society (2018). DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02135
Journal information: Journal of the American Chemical Society
Provided by Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Citation: Bio-inspired nanoreactors (2018, October 15) retrieved 18 January 2020 from https://phys.org/news/2018-10-bio-inspired-nanoreactors.html
Why do I observe ice formation on the exterior of this pipeline?
A paint-on paper material?
Battery to support Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC) Film
Polymers that have spring properties similar to spring steel
Hydrogen permeation through carbon-carbon composites
Coatings on double edged razor blades
More from Materials and Chemical Engineering
Metal-organic frameworks used as looms
Blue light special—researcher finds new chemical clusters emit highly efficient light
3-D inks that can be erased selectively
Researchers study DNA polymerases at the molecular level
A molecular ripcord for chemical reactions
Complex, porous, chiral nano-patterns arise from a simple linear building blocks
Nano-engineering technique could aid exploration, scalability of next-gen electronics
Azopolymer material allows light-assisted imprinting of nanostructures for structurally colored surfaces
A tool to democratize nanopore research
The most sensitive torque measuring device ever built
Most engineered nanoparticles enter tumours through cells, not between them


Our recent trip to Sri Lanka was a busy one insofar as we moved hotel almost every night. On a map the distances around Sri Lanka don't look that great and it appears to be feasible to base yourself somewhere and do lots of day trips with a return to the same hotel every night. But a hundred kilometres in Sri Lanka is not equivalent to a hundred kilometres in most other countries as the top speed you can logistically do is often around 40km/h. The roads are winding and narrow, with cars sharing the road with tuk tuks, cows, buses, trucks, bikes and pedestrians (footpaths aren't really a thing in Sri Lanka).
So, we moved from place to place and adjusted to the slower than usual travel pace.
It was suggested when we were planning our itinerary that we should catch the train that runs from the high country area of Nuwara Eliya to Ella as it travels through some really beautiful countryside and it turned out to be one of the travel highlights of my life. And all for only 60 cents (Singapore) an adult and half of that for the kids!
As we wanted to catch the early train that departs Nanu Oya station at 9.30am we didn't have a choice of classes – so we travelled in Third Class. This had actually been our plan all along so it didn't bother us at all but it did bewilder our driver a little.
The distance travelled is only about 30 kilometres but it took 3.5 hours to get to Ella with a few lengthy (but interesting) stops at stations along the way.
I can't rave about this journey enough. I loved the scenery. I loved sitting in the open doorway and waving to people we passed. I loved that when I offered a lollipop to the Sri Lanka girl across the aisle she checked with her father before saying yes. Never take lollies from a stranger translates across cultures. I even loved how cold it got as we climbed to the highest peak of just over 1900 metres, and then how quickly it warmed up as we descended to 1200 metres at Ella.
Should you go to Sri Lanka you have to this train trip and I'd really encourage you to travel like a local – and save yourself some cash!
The departure board at Nanu Oya.
The tea fields covered in mist.
We saw people waiting along the track & men on the train throwing parcels to them. Mail delivery, I guess.
I was surprised to travel through eucalypt forests. It reminded me of home.
Even the locals like to hang out the windows.
Traders selling goods as we were stopped at a station.
Two snakes "dancing". Well…that's what we told the Little Missy they were doing!
Sitting in the doorway watching the world go by.
Gorgeous way to travel !!
This looks like very special memories made! What a great idea to explore like this. Your pics & descriptions took me back to Michael Palins tv series. Loved it too!


Why your AVWELLNESS workout videos are the perfect way to start or further your fitness journey.
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Outback Accessories' long-range fuel tanks are fully internally baffled to prevent fuel surge, require no exhaust modifications and retain original parts where possible.
Manufactured to the highest standards, tanks are cleaned, checked and pressure tested prior to being coated. All Outback Accessories long range tanks are covered by a comprehensive 2-year warranty.


Beautiful matching silver brooch and side pieces featuring sculpted woodland fauns make this set truly unique. The complementing swag and necklaces are enhanced with crystal bezels. he necklaces can be configured in several ways to complement different bodice types.
Center Piece: 2" x 2"
Side Pieces: 1 1/4" x 1 3/4"
Materials used: a vintage signed tara parure set and vintage bezel necklaces. the pin is original and new clips were added to the side pieces.


text:
import sys

import asyncio
import aiohttp

BASE_URL = 'http://localhost:8000/'

async def get_chars(client, word):
    url = '{}index/{}'.format(BASE_URL, word)
    async with client.get(url) as resp:
        assert resp.status == 200
        text = await resp.text()
        _, chars = text.split('\n', 1)
        return set(chars.split())

async def get_name(client, char, semaphore):
    async with semaphore:
        url = '{}name/U+{:04X}'.format(BASE_URL, ord(char))
        async with client.get(url) as resp:
            assert resp.status == 200
            return await resp.text()

async def query(loop, words):
    async with aiohttp.ClientSession(loop=loop) as client:
        to_do = [get_chars(client, word) for word in words]
        res = await asyncio.gather(*to_do)
        chars = set.intersection(*res)
        semaphore = asyncio.Semaphore(2)
        to_do = [get_name(client, char, semaphore) for char in chars]
        names = await asyncio.gather(*to_do)
    return names

def main(args):
    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
    res = loop.run_until_complete(query(loop, args))
    for line in sorted(res):
        print(line)

    loop.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main(sys.argv[1:])


How Did You Get Into That (or How'd You Get Into That?) is the podcast you've been looking for! Grant Baldwin (GrantBaldwin.com) interviews people from all walks of life that are doing something interesting to make a living. Whether you're looking for your first career, ready to make a career shift, interested in starting a business, becoming an entrepreneur or just need an inspirational and motivational kick in the pants, you'll find it here. Each episode will bring you the stories and journeys of people just like you who wanted something more out of their life and career and did the work to make that happen.
Grant interviews entrepreneurs, small business owners, artists, designers, musicians, speakers, writers, authors, bloggers, vloggers, filmmakers, videographers, photographers, athletes, venture capitalists, Etsy sellers, consultants, coach, teachers, comedians, trainers, nutritionists, and more. We talk with people from all kinds of industries including fitness, health, nonprofits, medical, creatives, technology, startups, music, marketing, online business, social media, web, food/restaurant, engineering, and sports!
There's a nice variety of guests. Their stories are interesting too. Very unique.
Thank you for providing insight!
Thanks so much Grant for providing great insight for people looking for more!


Metabolic Nutrition! For Your Metabolic Type!
Early in my career as a dentist, it became obvious to me that the condition of the teeth in particular, and the health of the mouth in general, had to be connected to the overall health of the body. While this may seem like simple common sense to you, the reader, it remains to this day a radical idea in the world of dentistry. Other than warning of the dangers of excess sugar consumption in causing dental caries, most dentists (and certainly their professional dental organizations) do not proceed to make the logical connection between dental health and nutrition. I was fortunate in that my meeting with Adelle Davis, as recounted in Chapter 1, turned my head around about the importance of nutrition. From then on, I sought newer and better ways to incorporate nutritional work into my dental practice, and I began to devote one day each week to nutritional counseling for my dental patients. I explored numerous ways of assessing the state of the health of the body, particularly focusing on urinalysis, as the urine offers an easily accessible window into the complex world of our own biochemistry. This work led me, over time, to discover George Watson's research into the Oxidative system, and I used this model for about ten years before Bill Wolcott introduced me to the integrated system of Metabolic Typing that we have been exploring together in this book. When I decided to retire from my dental practice, I devoted myself to my nutritional work, in what was originally intended to be a part-time endeavor, which has since blossomed into a full-time preoccupation.
During the course of my dental career, I also became aware of the toxic nature of many of the procedures that we dentists and our patients normally take for granted. I am indebted to the pioneering and courageous work of several leaders in this field, including George Meinig, D.D.S., Hal Huggins, D.D.S., and my long-time friend Doug Cook, D.D.S. These men have had, to varying degrees, to fend off less-than-good-natured challenges from their more closed-minded colleagues and the very conventional state dental boards and national organizations. It often comes as a shock to lay people to hear that many health problems can be caused inadvertently by traditional dentistry. What I am about to discuss will probably be new to most of you, although some of you will have some knowledge on this subject. We will be discussing toxic metals, such as mercury and nickel, oral galvanism, possible toxic effects from root canals, cavitational problems from previous extraction sites, fluoridation, and, finally, the role of acupuncture in dentistry.
A "silver" amalgam composition, or filling, consists of 50% mercury and 50% silver filings, to which small and varying amounts of tin, copper, and zinc may be added. The two main substances are triturated, or mixed together, into a mass that hardens in a short period of time. The widespread use of silver amalgams started in the mid 1800s. Since that time, there has been an ongoing controversy about the toxic nature of mercury, and the appropriateness of it's use as a dental restorative material. Because of growing public awareness of its dangers, the use mercury for industrial purposes has waned. It is interesting to note that G. Agricola (in De Re Metallica) warned of the dangers of mercury pollution as long ago as 1556 (1).
Dental toxicity from mercury has been a highly inflammatory issue for the last one hundred and fifty years. In fact, the term quackery — which is often indiscriminately applied to alternative health practitioners by their more conventional colleagues — was originally used in the 19th century to describe dentists who used the new silver amalgams, to the amazement of their more rational colleagues who were well aware of their dangers. However, over time, the quacks took over newly formed the American Dental Association (ADA), and their quackery became standard practice. It has been the contention of the American Dental Association (ADA) that, once the amalgamation (or solidification of the amalgam) took place, there could be no leakage of mercury vapors from the filling. However, a landmark research project by Svare et al in 1981 succeeded in documenting the release of mercury vapors upon chewing (2). Even this did not phase the ADA, and their revised contention is that the amount of leakage is so small it has no ill effects on the tissues of the body.
However, another landmark study was conducted by Vimy, Takahashi, and Lorscheider of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Calgary, in Canada. They placed twelve radioactive silver amalgam fillings in five ewes. Each sheep was mated, and both ewe and fetus were monitored. Absorption of mercury into the fetus commenced on day two after placement of the amalgams in the ewes. The highest concentrations of mercury in the adult sheep occurred in the kidney and liver, with substantial levels also present in the endocrine glands, oral tissues, stomach, and respiratory tract (3). This research project has been hailed worldwide for it's meticulous documentation of mercury transmission from dental amalgams to distant parts of the body, but the ADA still refuses to accept its validity.
In 1984, I conducted before-and-after immune panels on twenty-nine patients with mercury and nickel restorations. Not only did the immune panels improve in most of these cases after the removal of the mercury and nickel, but various symptomatic health problems also improved dramatically. My report on this study was published in three different alternative medicine journals (4). I would like to discuss two of those cases.
The first was a sixteen year-old boy with exostosis, an abnormal growth of the bone. His father explained that the young man needed to have surgical procedures to free up his legs and arms every six months; he also said that the doctors did not expect him to live past the age of twenty one. After hearing one of my public lectures on the hazards of mercury fillings, the father asked me if there was any possibility that mercury could be affecting his son's condition. I told him that mercury typically lowers the lymphocyte (white blood cell) count and this, in turn, reduces the levels of T-lymphocytes (T-cells), special white blood cells produced by the thymus gland that are essential for the proper functioning of the immune system. I explained to him that having the mercury fillings replaced would almost certainly improve immune functioning, and that this could only be beneficial.
He brought his son to see me and, upon examination, we found eight relatively small mercury fillings. We had an immune panel test performed by ImmunoDiagnostic Laboratories (IDL), and this panel showed an extremely compromised immune system. We removed the eight mercury fillings and replaced them with composite restorations. Six months later, we ran another immune panel, and the change for the better was astronomical. The father called me a year later and told me that his son did not need any more surgeries, and he was doing just great; he called me again the following year to report on his son's continued good progress. He told me that the young man would probably live to be eighty or ninety, just like the rest of us.
You do not need a degree in immunology to see the sizable increase in all these numbers after the removal of the mercury fillings. The T4s are helper cells, providing a supportive function for other immune cells, while the T8s are cytotoxic killer cells, which destroy damaged tissues. There should be roughly twice as many T4s as T8s, but in this situation it was reversed, with more T8s that T4s. The immune weakness was due to a lack of T-4's. This suggested an autoimmune problem, a situation characterized by an excess of one type of immune cell at the expense of another. The young man's disease condition completely reversed itself after the mercury fillings were replaced.
The next patient was a forty-eight year old female who had had breast cancer and a subsequent mastectomy five years before. I discovered that she had seven nickel crowns in her mouth, so I explained to her that nickel was carcinogenic, and suggested that they should be replaced with gold. She was agreeable to this, and an immune panel was taken, which revealed a slightly compromised immune system. Six months after I replaced the nickel crowns with gold replacements, we ran another immune panel test.
Her total immune system strengthened substantially after the nickel was removed. You will notice in this profile that the T8s nearly doubled, while the T4s increased by 50%. Diseases characterized by a low T8 count include cancer, multiple sclerosis (MS), and lupus. There is a very real possibility that, if this patient had the stronger immune system shown in the second column, she might have never contracted cancer, or, if she had, that her immune system might have been more effective in destroying it.
I would like to describe two other immune related case histories that were published in the American Journal of Prosthodontia in the early 1980s (5). The first was a young lady in her early twenties with seven mercury amalgam fillings. An immune panel was conducted to check her T-lymphocyte count before the removal of any amalgam fillings. The immune panel showed that 48% of her total lymphocytes were T-lymphocytes, whereas the optimal number should be 80%. The mercury fillings were removed and filled with temporary plastics. After waiting thirty days, another immune panel was taken. The T-lymphocyte count had gone up to 80%. Her dentist then embedded four small mercury fillings in the lower plastic restorations. These fillings never touched the tooth structure. Another immune panel was run thirty days later, and the T- lymphocyte count had dropped down to 53%. All the temporary plastic and amalgam fillings were then removed, and permanent gold fillings were put in their place. Then, thirty days later, yet another immune panel was taken. This one showed that the T-lymphocyte count had once again climbed back up to 80%. This very powerful research, conducted by David Eggleston, D.D.S. of the University of Southern California, clearly shows that our immune system can indeed be strongly negatively impacted by mercury fillings, and that the body is capable of reversing the compromised immunity once the mercury is removed (5).
Another interesting case history relates to a young lady who checked herself into a university hospital suffering from a kidney ailment. The doctors diagnosed her as having glomerulonephritis, a potentially fatal inflammation of the kidneys, which they termed idiopathic (of unknown cause) as they could not find the causative factor. As the weeks went by, her condition became worse. They discussed the possibility of a kidney transplant to keep her alive. One of the doctors suggested she should have an electromagnetic allergy test performed to see if an allergy might be responsible for her condition. She did indeed show a severe reaction to nickel, and was asked if she had had any dental work performed recently. She replied that she had had two porcelain-to-metal crowns put in six months ago. Sure enough, the metal under the porcelain turned out to be nickel. She immediately had the crowns removed, and seven days later the symptoms of her nephritis disappeared. A kidney transplant was not necessary and she totally recovered (6). How often does this kind of situation occur in today's world? Until the profligate use of mercury and nickel is curtailed, scenarios like this will continue to baffle physicians and cause unnecessary suffering in those unfortunate enough to be sensitive to these toxic metals.
The next area of dental toxicity that I wish to review is oral galvanism. Oral galvanism is the difference of electrical potential created by two or more dissimilar metals in the mouth, or even by a single metal that conflicts with the body's own bioelectrical currents. Other names for oral galvanism are galvanic mouth currents, "mouth battery", and metal tension fields. All regulating events in the human body are communicated by electrical charges. Therefore, any conflicting electrical charges that emanate from dissimilar metals in the oral cavity create an imbalance that can lead to pathogenicity. In other words, the electrical currents created by the metals used in fillings and root canals can conflict both with each other and with the body's own electrical system, leading to blockages and interferences in the body's own bioelectrical currents. We were not born with such galvanic charges in our mouths; they are purely man-made. Our immediate concern should be to identify the nature of this problem and to stop using incompatible metals in the mouth.
Further toxic fallout comes from the dissemination of non-precious metal ions (atoms that carry an electrical charge) to distant areas of the body. Various fluids in the mouth — saliva, bone fluid, and dentinal plasma — act as conductors for electrolytes (minerals that dissolve in a fluid medium into electrically charged ions). Whenever a non-precious metal post is placed in a root canal for reinforcement, or an amalgam buildup is installed, or a gold crown constructed as a final restoration, measurable electrical currents emanate from that tooth. This leads to a disruption of the body's own internal electrical currents, which in turn has a negative impact on the functioning of the immune system, rendering us more vulnerable to inflammation and infection elsewhere in the body. Imagine the foci of infection and toxicity that can indirectly result from this "battery effect" in the mouth, silently permeating the body, and causing untold damage and ill health. This problem is exacerbated by using different metals in the mouth, as they cross-react with one another. For example, even more galvanic currents will be created if a gold crown is installed, followed by a non-precious metal partial (a removable bridge) that contacts this gold crown. Unfortunately the brain does not pick up and neutralize these currents in the mouth, and so the spiral continues. I would estimate that between four and five million Americans suffer from this scenario. Couple this with fifty to sixty million Americans running around with mercury amalgams, and another twenty million with porcelain-to-nickel crowns, and what do you have? The set-up for a lot of degenerative diseases in the making. It is far preferable for only one metal ever to be used in the mouth, gold being the most desirable choice as it does not readily oxidize.
You might ask, if all I have discussed is true, why hasn't organized dentistry picked up on this? Perhaps the two biggest reasons, which are closely connected, are fear and money. The fear comes from the many possible lawsuits that might occur if organized dentistry finally admitted that mercury in amalgams and other dental metals were toxic to humans. The official dental organizations have defended that position for so long that an about-face might open up a can of worms. The other reason is money. A dentist with a spouse, three children, a home mortgage, two cars, a dog and a cat has to have a steady income. If such a dentist were to deviate from mainline policies and practices, he or she might be faced with the very real possibility of reprisals from the state dental board. The possibility of a costly lawsuit or the loss of one's license are very real threats, and such a scenario did indeed devour many of my colleagues. It obviously behooves the enlightened spirit to be not so outwardly enlightened, for fear of such reprisals!
I myself understand this situation all too well. The dental board visited my office on three occasions warning me of my failure to abide by the code of ethics, due to my refusal to toe the conventional dental line. These were weightless claims which merely served as a subtle form of harassment. Later the American Medical Association (AMA) secretary visited me to inform me that I was practicing medicine without a license. He told me that the dental board had supplied the AMA with information about my nutritional testing protocols, and that the AMA had deemed that I was treating cancers, kidney disease, etc., which went beyond the scope of my dental license. In fact, this was totally erroneous, as I was simply offering nutritional advice to my dental patients, and my dental license did indeed authorize me to practice nutrition. They told me if I ceased performing nutritional testing, they would drop their plans for taking away my dental license. I could ill afford to lose my license at that time, so I agreed to stop practicing nutrition for three years. This enabled me to get my house in order to prepare for my retirement. When the three years were up, I once again started performing nutritional testing. At this point I no longer fear any reprisals, as I am now only practicing nutrition, not dentistry, and so my license to practice dentistry has become inconsequential. I tell you this story to reiterate how difficult it is to be an enlightened spirit in a structured, inflexible, and dogmatic profession. One would like to believe that the dispassionate spirit of scientific inquiry would govern such matters, but all too often entrenched power interests overpower the very scientific point of view that they were originally intended to uphold. To quote Albert Einstein: "great spirits often encounter violent opposition from mediocre minds".
Where does organized dentistry stand today on the issue of oral galvanism? The ADA has a similar position as on mercury amalgams. Although the scientific literature abounds with references to the problems caused by galvanic currents in the mouth, the powers that be are content to sit on their hands in the hopes that these findings will somehow go away. It is difficult to fight city hall; so even with technological advances and our growing knowledge of the problems of toxicity, fewer and fewer dentists are opting to travel the enlightened path. The progressive, holistic (or biological) dentist is between a rock and a hard place, but it is ultimately you, the patient, who is being short-changed.
Next we turn our attention to root canals as a possible source of toxicity. Approximately twenty five million Americans undergo root canal therapy every year in an effort to prevent the loss of teeth that have become abscessed. The root canal refers to the central portion of the tooth, a canal that houses the nerve and blood vessels. During a root canal procedure, the dentist endeavors to clean and sterilize this canal, and then fill it in with a sterile, non-toxic, inert material. This usually renders this tooth serviceable and no longer painful.
The bulk of the tooth is made up of dentin, a material harder than bone, which is laced with a very large number of dentinal tubules. These tubules, or tiny tubes, facilitate the circulation of lymphatic fluid from the central root canal through the dentin, and out though the cementum (the outer membrane encasing the root of the tooth below the gum line) to the bone and gum tissue outside of the tooth. This is a viable circulatory system designed to service the root canal itself, its nerve network ,and the periodontal ligament (gum and bone tissue) surrounding the tooth. If the body chemistry is healthy, the lymphatic fluid flows properly from the root canal through the dentin to the surrounding tissue, creating an irrigation system that serves to prevent an accumulation of plaque from forming around the root of the tooth. However, if the body chemistry is imbalanced, then the circulation can reverse, with lymph flowing from the outside of the tooth, through the cementum, and into the inner root canal — rather than out from it. This prevents proper irrigation, leading to an accumulation of plaque.
There are many additional reasons for maintaining the integrity of the circulation in the dentinal tubules, but root canal therapy completely destroys this integrity by filling in the root canal and preventing the proper directional flow of the lymph. So what, then, happens to the non-circulating lymph trapped in these tubules? It becomes stagnant and toxic, leaching out septic poisons into the bloodstream through the porous cementum. Mercury amalgams are said to be like caskets in the body, and root canals like cadavers. They are dead organisms that only serve to add to the body's burden of toxicity. I do not recommend root canals for anyone. However, each individual has a right to own their decisions, and many people simply do not wish to opt for the alternative, to lose the tooth (which is, after all, part of their body) through extraction. I respect this point of view, but I think it is important to always discuss the potential consequences of this decision.
Another related area of discussion is whether the root canal filling actually succeeds in sterilizing the apical end, or tip, of the tooth. This is a debatable point, as there are so many lateral canals at the root of the tooth that can harbor bacteria that it is unlikely that a completely aseptic, or sterile, condition will exist. But, again, the acceptance of root canal therapy as a viable alternative to extraction is completely and whole-heartedly supported by organized dentistry. A dentist is considered to be in violation of the code of professional ethics if he or she speaks out against root canal therapy. When I was a practicing dentist, I always let my patients make the decision for themselves after explaining all the pros and cons.
The next and last area of dental toxicity I will be discussing is the problem of unhealed extraction sites. These are called neuralgia inducing cavitational osteonecrosis (NICO), or jawbone cavitations. These areas may be a source of pain, but they cannot always be seen on an x-ray. The cause of these lesions is difficult to pinpoint. It is believed that, if infection follows an extraction, or if a dry socket occurs after an extraction, the likelihood of a NICO lesion occurring is more likely. Even though the surgical site appears normal, a problem can exist in the bone for years. When these areas are biopsied, the abnormal features of a NICO lesion are discovered. It is not understood why some of these lesions are painful while others are not.
Based on laboratory findings, one or more of the following factors contribute to NICO development: immune system dysfunction or deficiency; unusual microbial pathogens; reduced blood flow to the affected part of the jaw; lack of one of several intra-bony growth factors; and nerve dysfunction. NICO lesions can cause pain, from mild to severe in some people. Pain from these lesions can be referred, or transferred, to distant organs. They can even refer pain across the midline, from one side of the mouth to the other, giving a false impression as to the source of the pain. Obviously, the best treatment is prevention, and this is accomplished by the dentist properly cleaning the soft tissue attachment, scraping the bone, and irrigating the socket with a homeopathic remedy. Generally, once NICOs are pinpointed, they are surgically cleaned out and biopsied to confirm diagnosis. NICO lesions are very perplexing. Even after surgery, they can reappear years later. Many times after the removal of these lesions, trigeminal facial pain subsides (the trigeminal nerves control facial movement and chewing, and trigeminal pain can manifest in various parts of the face). Many dentists are not familiar with this problem, but most oral surgeons are (7). In the last fifteen years of my practice of dentistry, I observed approximately twenty patients exhibiting NICO, so you can see that, while not especially common, they do pose a very real problem.
Many of you are familiar with the controversy concerning fluoride. "No other procedure in the history of medicine has been praised so highly nor at the same time condemned so thoroughly," states Dr. George L. Waldbott in his book Fluoridation: The Great Dilemma (8). The pro-fluoride forces believe that the benefits outweigh the risks, and that those risks are so small at the levels to which most of us are exposed as to be insignificant.
However, in 1977, John A. Yiamouyiannis, Ph.D. presented to Congress a controversial study that found that people living in the nation's ten largest fluoridated cities suffered 15% more cancer than those living in the ten largest non-fluoridated areas. What is even more frightening that is William L. Marcus, a senior scientific advisor for the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Drinking Water Program, recently stated that the committee report not only overlooked liver cancer incidence but also would have reported "some" or "clear" evidence of carcinogenicity, had they not buckled under to pressure from pro-fluoride groups (9). After making this announcement, Dr. Markus was given 30 days to leave his job — another sad but clear example of moneyed interests outweighing serious public health concerns.
S you may already have guessed, my own feelings are strongly against fluoride. Fluoride is a form of the mineral element fluorine that is quite toxic at anything above infinitesimal levels. Too many vital enzyme systems in our body are compromised by it, leading to possible complications with arthritis, gastric ulcers, atherosclerosis, kidney disorders, migraine headaches and, of course, cancer. The debate continues, but the pro-fluoridation forces are slowly losing ground. As our technology becomes more sophisticated, its detrimental effects are becoming more evident. There is the possibility that the fluoride might prevent dental caries to a limited degree, but the price we have to pay health-wise is simply not worth it. The bottom line is: I would not prescribe fluoride treatments for my children; I would vote against fluoridated water; and I would recommend drinking only purified, non-fluoridated water.
The last topic I will be discussing in this chapter is the role of acupuncture in dentistry, even though it does not directly relate to our primary theme of dental toxicity. There are two types of acupuncture: the traditional Chinese form that uses very fine needles inserted into acupuncture points located along the meridians (the bioelectrical pathways that connect up to different organ systems in the body); and electro-acupuncture. Both accomplish the same function but electro-acupuncture uses special equipment that allows the practitioner to determine the degree of imbalance in any meridian, as well as to deliver a mild electrical impulse to the acupuncture point to help correct that imbalance. The uses of acupuncture in dentistry are many. Pain relief, anxiety control, anesthesia, speeding up of the healing process, and differential diagnosing are the principle reasons for its growing popularity among holistic dentists, though it does take a few years to become proficient in this modality. Traditional Chinese acupuncture is taught in colleges of oriental medicine and at some universities, but electro-acupuncture is only taught through specialized professional groups.
Electro-acupuncture was researched and developed about fifty years ago by Dr. Reinhardt Voll, a medical doctor from Germany. After curing himself of colon cancer using Chinese acupuncture, he concluded he could make an instrument that would ascribe an accurate electrical value to each meridian. This is how the EAV (Electro-Acupuncture according to Voll) unit was born. It was serendipitous that he discovered that homeopathy could also be used in conjunction with the EAV to determine exact potencies. The use of electro-acupuncture is still in its infancy, but the discipline is so accurate that I believe it that it will be universally adopted by the medical profession for diagnostic purposes in the coming decades. In dentistry, where pain and rapid healing are so important, acupuncture can be very beneficial. I still use electro-acupuncture in my nutritional practice, not for diagnostic purposes, but for quantifying my clients' progress as they balance out their blood pH. Needless to say, it is a blessing that acupuncture is becoming an ever more accepted part of our health delivery system, and it is my contention that it is only going to grow in popularity.
Q. How do I know if I have electrical currents in my mouth?
A. Many dentists have galvanometers to test millivolts, microamps, and microwatts per second. It is very similar to the voltmeter used in regular electrical work, but much more sophisticated. There is a state-of-the-art instrument called Pertec®, which provides reproducible readings and is user-friendly.
Q. I hear that a lot of people get sick from having their mercury fillings removed.
A. This can indeed happen because the mercury is vaporized at it is being drilled out of the tooth, allowing it to easily pass though the mucous membranes that line the mouth, thereby entering the bloodstream. Certain precautions (such as the use of dental dams and air extractors) need to be taken by the dentist to minimize the chance of this occurring. Before any amalgam or nickel fillings are removed, a complete nutritional work-up should ideally be performed. Balancing the body chemistry and fortifying it with proper antioxidants and homeopathics is very desirable to prepare for this procedure. Some dentists also use intravenous vitamin C infusions during the actual procedure to provide additional protection. Generally, when these precautions are taken, it is unlikely you will have any problems afterwards.
Q. Is it necessary to have material compatibility tests performed?
A. There are certain materials that are toxic to everyone, such as mercury and nickel. These should definitely be avoided. It is my feeling that anyone who already has toxic metals in his or her teeth will tend to demonstrate negative reactions to many other materials to which they would ordinarily not be allergic. The average cost for the blood compatibility test is $300. If proper judgment is used in the selection of non-toxic materials, I feel the compatibility testing is unnecessary.
Q. How do you feel about implants?
A. I have negative feelings about implants, as they represent a toxic foci similar to root canals.
Q. You holistic dentists each have different ideas on ways of rebuilding the mouth. Who do I believe?
A. Get a second and third opinion. It is your mouth, so exercise your own judgment, and go with the treatment plan that makes the most sense to you, and the dentist who most inspires your confidence.
Q. I have a bad reaction every time I have a local anesthetic. Do you have any suggestions?
Q. How do I find a holistic dentist?
A. This can be very difficult. Ask your friends if they know of any. Keep in mind that it is difficult for these enlightened spirits to practice openly, for the reasons I already mentioned. Please refer to the Resources section of the Appendix for the names of several organizations that can assist you. You might also look up the American Holistic Dental Association on the internet.


text:
Backdoor Broadcasting Company
Tommaso Bobbio – "Countrymen Within the City": The Construction of Citizenship and the Rhetoric of "Slum Development" in Twentieth-Century Ahmedabad
Tommaso Bobbio, Royal Holloway University of London
"Countrymen within the city": the construction of citizenship and the rhetoric of "slum development" in twentieth-century Ahmedabad
Industrial development and demographic growth have been two dominant features in the expansion of Ahmedabad city in the 20th century. Unplanned expansion of industrial neighbourhoods, migrations and urban poverty led thousands of casual and migrant labourers to live in large shantytowns. From the early 1920s slums emerged as an important issue in the city's administration: since then, state authority's attempts to deal with slums have assumed two different dimensions. The first one is legal and administrative: slums are considered as illegal settlements which hinder the enactment of planning policies and urban development. The second one involves a moral discourse and looks at the condition of slum dwellers, both in the public and private sphere, in terms of fitting a supposed ideal of urbanity. Dealing with the first dimension, planning authorities have invariably dealt with slums as a housing problem, while the moral side of the issue have called for social actions aimed at educating urban poor to life in the city. At a political level, the two dimensions have often overlapped in the enactment urban policies. Since the time of Mahatma Gandhi and Sardar Patel's leadership to recent slum redevelopment projects, Ahmedabad represent an interesting case study to observe how planning policies, with the aim of integrating urban poor in the texture of the city's society, have in fact deprived them from access to a full citizenship.
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text:
package com.alachisoft.tayzgrid.socketserver.eventtask;

import com.alachisoft.tayzgrid.socketserver.ClientManager;
import com.alachisoft.tayzgrid.socketserver.ConnectionManager;
import com.alachisoft.tayzgrid.common.protobuf.ResponseProtocol;
import com.alachisoft.tayzgrid.caching.EventContext;
import com.alachisoft.tayzgrid.socketserver.util.EventHelper;
import com.alachisoft.tayzgrid.common.util.ResponseHelper;
import com.alachisoft.tayzgrid.runtime.events.EventDataFilter;
import com.alachisoft.tayzgrid.common.protobuf.BulkEventItemResponseProtocol.BulkEventItemResponse;
import com.alachisoft.tayzgrid.common.protobuf.BulkEventResponseProtocol.BulkEventResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
/**
 This event is fired when an item is updated in cache
*/
public final class ItemUpdatedEvent implements IEventTask
{
    private Object _key;
    private String _cacheId;
    private String _clientId;
    private EventContext _eventContext;
    private EventDataFilter _updateDataFilter;

    public ItemUpdatedEvent(Object key, String cacheId, String clientId, EventContext eventContext,EventDataFilter updateDataFilter)
    {
        _key = key;
        _cacheId = cacheId;
        _clientId = clientId;
        _eventContext = eventContext;
        _updateDataFilter=updateDataFilter;
    }

    public void Process()
    {
        ClientManager clientManager = null;

        synchronized (ConnectionManager.ConnectionTable)
        {
            clientManager = (ClientManager)ConnectionManager.ConnectionTable.get(_clientId);
        }

        if (clientManager != null)
        {
            ResponseProtocol.Response.Builder response = ResponseProtocol.Response.newBuilder();

            BulkEventItemResponse.Builder eventItems=com.alachisoft.tayzgrid.common.protobuf.BulkEventItemResponseProtocol.BulkEventItemResponse.newBuilder();

            eventItems.setEventType(BulkEventItemResponse.EventType.ITEM_UPDATED_EVENT);
            try {
                eventItems.setItemUpdatedEvent(EventHelper.GetItemUpdatedEventResponse(_eventContext, _key, _updateDataFilter, _cacheId));
            } catch (IOException ex) {
                //suppressing I/O exception,(caused by key serialization), not expected to occur
            }

            BulkEventResponse.Builder eventResponse=com.alachisoft.tayzgrid.common.protobuf.BulkEventResponseProtocol.BulkEventResponse.newBuilder();

            eventResponse.addEventList(eventItems);

            response.setBulkEventResponse(eventResponse);
            response.setResponseType(ResponseProtocol.Response.Type.BULK_EVENT);

            byte[] serializedResponse = ResponseHelper.SerializeResponse(response.build());

            ConnectionManager.AssureSend(clientManager, serializedResponse);

        }
    }
}


text:
class AddWelcomeNotificationToRewardDetails < ActiveRecord::Migration
  def up
    execute <<-SQL
  CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW "1"."reward_details" AS
   SELECT r.id,
    r.project_id,
    r.description,
    r.minimum_value,
    r.maximum_contributions,
    r.deliver_at,
    r.updated_at,
    paid_count(r.*) AS paid_count,
    waiting_payment_count(r.*) AS waiting_payment_count,
    r.shipping_options,
    r.row_order,
    r.title,
    s.sent_at AS survey_sent_at,
    s.finished_at AS survey_finished_at,
    r.common_id,
    CASE WHEN is_owner_or_admin((select user_id from projects p where p.id = r.project_id))
        THEN r.welcome_message_subject
        else ''::text
    end as welcome_message_subject,
    CASE WHEN is_owner_or_admin((select user_id from projects p where p.id = r.project_id))
        THEN r.welcome_message_body
        else ''::text
    end as welcome_message_body
   FROM (rewards r
     LEFT JOIN surveys s ON ((s.reward_id = r.id)));
    SQL
  end

  def down
    execute <<-SQL
  CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW "1"."reward_details" AS
   SELECT r.id,
    r.project_id,
    r.description,
    r.minimum_value,
    r.maximum_contributions,
    r.deliver_at,
    r.updated_at,
    paid_count(r.*) AS paid_count,
    waiting_payment_count(r.*) AS waiting_payment_count,
    r.shipping_options,
    r.row_order,
    r.title,
    s.sent_at AS survey_sent_at,
    s.finished_at AS survey_finished_at,
    r.common_id
   FROM (rewards r
     LEFT JOIN surveys s ON ((s.reward_id = r.id)));
    SQL
  end
end


Lock in a great price for Finca Hotel El Rancho De Salento – rated 9.1 by recent guests!
The place is very authentic, they look after the property very well and they are extremely helpful and nice. You can truly rest there. It location is just perfect to reach most towns on the zona cafetera. Thanks a lot, we would love to stay again.
Everything was amazing!!! Wonderful and peaceful place. The owners and staff are so helpful and kind. We loved it!!!!
The house is lovely, very colorful and quiet. Surrounded by cows and horses. The breakfast was ok.
Rustic elegance, impeccably clean, preserved and updated for small modern comforts like hot showers, with all of the charm of simpler times long ago. It was like an iconic classic movie scene come to life. The design and care of the gardens was amazing- Bushes full of hummingbirds, trees dropping sweet oranges at your feet, baby cows, bamboo thickets and jaw dropping natural splendor at every turn. The staff arranged a three hour horseback tour of the country side and a coffee plantation. That mini adventure provided amazing quality and value at about $USD 35 per person. We also took a jeep ride and hiked deep into the dreamscape Cocora Valley and cloud forests, followed by a delicious evening trout dinner on the charming Salento town plaza....all in one memorable and relaxing day! A very romantic place for couples or meeting easygoing adventure travelers from many lands.
Super nice staff, quiet place with beautiful garden and view.
Great breakfast, really helpfull staff, beautiful environment, a good place tot relax!
We loved Finca Hotel El Rancho, the place is even more beautiful than in the pictures! The owners are lovely and helped us with everything we needed, assisting us with tour bookings and giving us recommendations. Breakfast was delicious and the kitchen staff was also lovely. We are looking forward to coming back.
Nice old finca in the middle of the nature Friendly staff!
Located in Salento, Finca Hotel El Rancho De Salento offers accommodations with free WiFi access. The property also offers free parking.
Each bedroom has bed linen and a private bathroom with a shower and free toiletries. You can enjoy mountain view from the room.
At Finca Hotel El Rancho De Salento you will find a 24-hour front desk, a garden and a terrace. Other facilities offered at the property include a shared lounge, a tour desk and luggage storage. Food orders are available upon request until 19.00 hs.
An array of activities can be enjoyed on site or in the surroundings, including hiking, camping, horse riding and ATVs.
Santaguida Airport is 28 mi away.
When would you like to stay at Finca Hotel El Rancho De Salento?
House Rules Finca Hotel El Rancho De Salento takes special requests – add in the next step!
Finca Hotel El Rancho De Salento accepts these cards and reserves the right to temporarily hold an amount prior to arrival.
Breakfast could have a bit of alternatives. It's good breakfast very fresh and tasty, just that they could add something else to the menu.
Far from city center, and it is complicated to walk, you need a jeep. Breakfast was disappointing.
Breakfast was a bit disappointing.
Tip: arrange your own transport! The transport the finca arranges is really expensive... Its just a walk of 10 min to the main road, and 1200 COP to Salento by bus. From Salento to Valle de Cocora and back is 8000 COP.
A few miles from town, possible best for people with their own car, part of road from main road to hotel is farm/gravel is a little bumpy, not too bad or muddy, aprox. 300 meters ??.
The hosts were great and really helpful with anything we needed! The location is quiet and perfect to relax.
Very calm and nice ranch lost in the middle of the incredible views of Salento. The owners were of rare kindness and responded to all of our needs.
There were some discrepancies between the price we had from the booking.com and information of the staff so we had some discussions by our check out. The beds could be wider.
We really enjoyed our stay here. Staff is really kind and helpful, the breakfast was good and the location is perfect for the people travelling with the car (close to the road and away from the noise).


Mix classic country style with modernity with the Logan snuggler chair. Its timeless English design, featuring scroll arms and two choices of plaid cushions, creates that homey yet elegant feeling. Its combination of fabric and leather make for an interesting and stylish piece, while the fillings keep the whole family feeling nice and cosy. This version features a plush pillow back for comfort and luxuriousness.