Edgar Schein is Sloan Professor of Management Emeritus at the Sloan School of Management at the MIT. With this book, Organization Culture and Leadership (4th Edition), the author has published a summary of his life long experience (born in 1928, PhD in Harvard of Social Psychology in 1952) of organizations.
It aims at explaining what culture is, how it affects the organization, how to understand and decipher it and how to act on it with culture change. And it does succeed, providing excellent material, shedding direct light to one of the most misunderstood dimension of organizations.
A pattern of shared basic assumptions learned by a group as it solved its problems of external adaptation and internal integration (…) A product of joint learning.
According to Schein, there are 4 categories of culture : Macrocultures (nations, occupations that exists globally, …), Organizational Cultures, subcultures (groups within organizations, and microcultures (microsystems with or within organizations).
Schein identifies 3 levels of culture : artifacts (visible), espoused beliefs and values (may appear through surveys) and basic underlying assumptions (unconscious taken for granted beliefs and values : these are not visible). The latest being the more important since as Schein puts it "Human minds needs cognitive stability and any challenge of a basic assumption will release anxiety and defensiveness". Many change programs fails for that very reason.
According to the Emeritus professor, Leadership is the source of the beliefs and values and the most central issue for leaders is to understand the deeper levels of a culture (…) and to deal with the anxiety that is unleashed when those assumptions are challenged.
Check out this great diagram by Chad Renando describing these levels and corresponding assumptions in a telling post.
Inside organizations, there may be different subcultures. Schein identifies three of them : operator's (based on human interaction, high levels of communication, trust and teamwork), engineers (elegant solution, abstract solutions to problems, automation and systems) and executives (financial focus, lone hero, sense of rightness and omniscience).
Schein is adamant that in any organization, the alignment between these three subcultures is critical : Many problems that are attributed to bureaucracy, environmental factors or personality conflicts among managers are in fact the result of the lack of alignment between these subcultures.
This are the core problems groups and organizations are faced with : survival in and adaptation to the external environment and integration of the internal processes to ensure the capacity to continue to survive and adapt.
For long range growth, the author shows that the key is to keep the needs of the major stakeholders of the organization : investors, suppliers, managers and employees, the community and government and the customers.
For external adaptation, the main challenge companies face is to obtain a shared understanding and consensus on 1/Mission and Strategy, 2/Goals, 3/Means, 4/Measurement and 5/ Correction (repair strategies).
For internal integration the main problems according to the author are : 1/ Creating a common language, 2/ Defining group boundaries and criteria for inclusion and exclusion 3/ Distributing power authority and status 4/ Developing norms of trust, intimacy, friendship and love 5/ defining awards and punishment and 6/ explaining the unexplainable. All groups develop norms around these categories and if these norms get external tasks done while leaving the group reasonably free of anxiety, the norms become critical genetic elements of the culture DNA.
All kinds of society are based on deeper assumptions on general abstract issues.This is how people relates to reality and truth, time and space, human nature and how people should relate to each other. Reaching consensus for instance is a process of building a shared social reality. There are many different criteria for determining truth, from belief and morality (pure dogma and right / wrong dichotomy) to pragmatism (scientific method).
This does not only relate to how truth is defined but also to uncertainty avoidance (refer to Geert Hoftede Work). The ability to embrace uncertainty is a genuine advantage as, how Schein puts it, Organizational Cultures that can embrace uncertainty more easily will be inherently more adaptive. A key advantage in today's economy.
This is the second axis along which the structure of a culture is built. Anthropologists have noted that every culture make assumption about time. Schein identifies three types of organization depending on their time orientation : past, present and future. Hofstede again has found that economic development was correlated with a future orientation.
A second dimension for how we relate to time is the notion of monochronic and polychronic. Monochronic is a view of linear time that ca be split, wasted, spent etc … This is typical of the western rational cultures. Some culture in Southern Europe or Middle East view time as polychronic, a kind of medium defined more by what is accomplished than by a clock, within which several things can be done simultaneously. In polychronic cultures, relationships are viewed as more important than short-run efficiency and may leave monochronic managers frustrated and impatient.
Besides, there may be different relation to time depending on the organisation subcultures. For instance, operators time frame is the present, while Engineering subculture (R&D) has a much longer and different time horizon.
Space has both a physical and a social meaning and feeling about distance have biological roots. This ends up in different levels of distance (intimacy, personal, social, public) whose length may differ depending on the culture. Also space includes a symbolic value through different allocations (executives at the top of the building, managers with dedicated office etc …). This is one of the reason why the introduction of new communication technologies (email, collaborative spaces, social networks) causes anxiety : it forces to the surface assumptions that have been taken for granted in terms of relation to space.
This set of issues and dimensions reviewed constitute a kind of grid against which to map a given organizational culture.
Douglas Mc Gregor has a well-known framework on this subject known as Theory X (managers believe people are lazy and must be motivated and controlled) and Theory Y (people are basically self-motivated and need to be channelled and challenged). The latter assume it is possible to design organizations that enable employee needs to be congruent with organizational needs. This is the dimension of organizations seeking to grow and to dominate their market.
A second useful framework is the one about orientation. There is the Doing orientation whereby nature can be controlled and manipulated, there is a pragmatic orientation toward the nature of reality and a belief in human perfectibility. On the other hand, the Being orientation where nature is powerful and human is subservient to it, an orientation that implies fatalism and enjoying what we have, here and now. This is the orientation of organizations looking for a niche, trying to adapt to external realities rather than creating markets.
In between both there is the Being-In-Becoming organization where the focus is on development rather than on a static condition. It is more on what the person is and can become rather than what the person can accomplish.
This human related dimension is critical in making the organization safe for all.
Typologies are abstract construct that are derived from factor analyzing perceptual data. These construct help in providing some order out of observed phenomena and predicting some new phenomena that may arise. These are abstract and therefore do not reflect adequately the reality. Yet they help in comparing different organizations.
Gathering data on an organization can be achieved by asking employees how they perceive their organisation in terms of purpose, strategy or mission.
There are different types of organizations : coercive (prisons, military camp …), utilitarians (private companies), and normative (political parties, non profit …). Some type of organizations fit the culture and in Asian or Latin countries for instance, Business cannot be effective unless they are coercive.
Another axis of culture typology is the variation of authority. It can range either be : autocratic, paternalistic, consultative, participative, delegative and abdicative. The search for the universally correct leadership is doomed to failure because of cultural variation, organization history and the actual task to be performed.
There are four types of organisation depending on their orientation : power (autocratic founders), achievement (results), roles (bureaucracies) and support.
Another typologie can be carried out along 2 dimensions : solidarity (like-minded) and sociability (friendly). Low on both is Fragmented, High on solidarity alone is Mercenary, High on Sociability alone is Communal and High on both is Networked.
Cultures basically spring from three sources : 1/ beliefs, values and assumptions of founders 2/learning experience of group members and 3/new beliefs brought in by new members/leaders. The first one is by far the most important. Leadership is highly sought by group members to reduce the group's anxiety.
Again, if the way to do things allow to get task completed while keeping group anxiety at a low level, this will become organizational culture. But if the environment changes and those assumptions become dysfunctional, the organization must find a way to change its culture. This is the role of the leader as John Kotter reported in his book What Leaders Do.
There are embedding mechanisms a leader defines that will define the culture. What leaders measures, how he reacts to critical incidents, how he allocates resources, how he allocates rewards and status, how he recruits, promotes and excommuniates. Then there are the structural mechanisms (organization structure, procedures, rituals, physical spaces, stories, statements. Through the way leaders handle these mechanisms (embedded and structural) they communicate both explicitly and implicitly on their assumptions. If they are conflicted, these conflicts become part of the culture.
Figure out from the above the deeper assumptions that determine the observed behavior.
However, deciphering a culture requires the analyst to understand the potential consequences of an investigation and clearly communicates this to executives : the members of the organization may not want to know or may not be able to handle the insights into their own culture.
obtaining leadership commitment : leader should also emphasizes that openness and candor are needed and that culture is not good or bad).
identify shared underlying assumptions (do the espoused values explain the artifacts or is there anything more ?) – this is the most important step : once assumptions are made conscious, it triggers a whole new set of insights and begins to make sense of things that weren't making any sense before.
identify cultural aids or hindrance (within artifacts, values and assumptions which are the ones that help / hinder the goal). It is much easier to draw on the strengths of the culture than to overcome the constraints by changing the culture.
Edgar Schein proposes a conceptual model for culture change (chapter 17). The most important takeaway is this : change creates learning anxiety (leaving what we know to something we don't). This learning anxiety can be fueled by any of the following (valid) reasons : fear of loss of power/position, fear of temporary incompetence, fear of subsequent punishment, fear of loss of personal identity and fear of loss of group membership. The higher the learning anxiety, the stronger the resistance and the defensiveness.
Change agents must draw on Survival Anxiety (what will happen if we don't do anything) to unfreeze the situation and make sure that Survival Anxiety is greater than Learning Anxiety. This is similar to the Burning Platform of Darryl Conner or the Sense of Urgency of John Kotter. In order to achieve this, it is strongly recommended to lower Learning Anxiety in a view to create psychological safety, doing the following : communicating a compelling vision, formal training, involvement of the learner, informal training of groups, practice fields coaches and feedback, positive role model, support groups in which learning problems are discussed and consistent systems and structures with the new way of thinking and working. The only way to overcome resistance is to reduce the learning anxiety by making the learner feel "psychologically safe".
The change goal must be defined concretely in terms of the specific problem you are trying to fix, not as culture change. The change may not be possible without cognitive redefinition whereby people will have to unlearn the former way of working to learn the new one. This unlearning period is psychologically painful. These new cultural elements can only be learned if the new behavior leads to success and satisfaction.
This is a wonderful book moulded with wisdom and experience and it provides unvaluable scientific hindsight to something we generally are quite uncomfortable and clumsy with. No doubt #hypertextual will relentlessly come back to it.
Hi Jon, Happy new year my friend !
A great summary – well done.
But I still prefer his short, accessible book: "Helping", which in a way for me is the key to the door of "Organisational culture and leadership".
Hi Peter, thank you very much for your kind comment. I'll check out Helping – thanks for the recommendation.
Culture is key to so many organisational change initiatives, and is often overlooked as a factor.
Hi Chad – thanks for sharing your article in the first place. loved the diagram.
Hi Krishna, thanks for your comment.
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Hi Cecil – I wanted to source you for a paper I am writing…how would I do that 🙂 are you wiling to share your last name?
HI Sheri – OK to share my last name, thanks for asking.
Hi Sheri – Did Cecil ever provide you his last name? I wish to know for my academic paper as well.
Hi, this is very informational. this is a great help for someone doing some paper like me. I'd like to ask your permission so i may use and cite this as one of my sources. Please let me know how can i properly cite this article. thank you.
Hi Claire, you certainly can. You may refer to it as "#hypertextual blog article – Edgar Schein : Organizational Culture and Leaders". Thanks !


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Visit Euronews
Florez lights up the stage in Orphée et Eurydice at Covent Garden
Juan Diego Flórez is one of the most sought after tenors of our time. Far from his usual Bel Canto repertoire, Flórez shines singing in French at the Royal Opera House in London in Gluck's "Orphée et Eurydice". The version presented in Paris by the German composer in 1774 is reinterpreted from a realistic perspective.
People love it, really. It's like a rock concert in the audience, for everybody. Usually the orchestra, the conductor, the director, they don't have that kind of ovation. But here, it's a feast.
In the myth, Orpheus goes to hell to bring back his departed love Eurydice to the world of the living.
"In this production, and I think it's a very intelligent interpretation, Eurydice is dead from the beginning, but she's dead for the whole opera, Flórez says of the heroine. "She never comes back. Everything that happens in between is in my head."
Orchestra on stage
The co-directors, John Fulljames and Hofesh Shechter, broke from convention, placing the orchestra – the English Baroque Soloists conducted by Sir John Eliot Gardiner – on stage.
Shechter, also the choreographer, says it felt "absolutely natural."
"The piece is about music, the piece is about a musician, the piece is about the power of music to open doors to open hearts, to gives you a path, a way, that's what Orphée is using you know as his tool as his weapon," he adds.
"And then, like kids we discovered how we can play with it. It can go up, down. All the play with levels, with worlds with realities, with the confusion of realities, we really loved that."
Orphee et Eurydice, Royal Opera House, review: One of the most brilliantly original shows on this stage in years http://t.co/35RyzJz7PE
— Roberto Angulo (@RobertoAnguloS) 27 Septembre 2015
For Florez, the positioning of the orchestra took a little getting used to: "I never had the orchestra behind me in an opera all the time. It's a different reception of the sound of the orchestra because we have it from back to front. You cannot look at the conductor and you cannot, in a way, have a connection, complete connection with him.
"Sometimes he wants to give you some kind of input, expressive input and he cannot do that. I'm used to singing in Italian. In Italian the vowels are open : a é i. In French you have many u, e, eu. And that makes it a little bit harder."
Moving performance
Shechter, the Israeli Brighton based choreographer, has become a reference of the contemporary dance stage. This was his debut in the world of opera.
"In my work with my own company, I can just cut what doesn't work for me," he says. "Here I just had to face the whole structure of the piece as it is. So, that was sometimes difficult trying to find solutions, trying to find simplicity and something earnest, something real through pieces of music I didn't necessarily completely connect to sometimes."
The choreography gives the opera a new dimension," according to Flórez: "People love it, really. It's like a rock concert in the audience, for everybody. Usually the orchestra, the conductor, the director, they don't have that kind of ovation. But here, it's a feast because it's a production that has passion, it's very important passion, and it works very well."
Juan Diego Flórez: conveying Orphée's pain with style
Hofesh Shechter: simply dancing
Ludovic Tezier shines in Verdi's dark epic ''Simon Boccanegra"
Paris Opera - attracting a younger audience
Female DJs step up and break taboos in Tunisia
Traditional Azerbaijani dance lies at the heart of the Azeri culture
Meet the creator of the smallest micro art in history
Tu Bishvat: What is the Jewish holiday for trees happening this week?
Nino Cerruti: The king of luxury, ready-to-wear fashion dies aged 91
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Some people learn songs from recorded parts. I always teach songs 'live'. I only make recorded parts available after a song has been learnt.
It's then a resource for people when we revive a song for a concert, or for new choir members who want to catch up with old repertoire in their own time.
I feel strongly about singers learning together in the same space at the same time.
social bonding – being part of a choir is an innately social experience. Learning a song together helps strengthen social bonds and creates a sense of community and 'ownership' of the song.
understanding harmony – teaching a song live allows me to break it up into small chunks and bring harmonies in as soon as possible. This allows singers to understand and experience the harmonies as they go along, as well as getting familiar with the structure of the song.
'duetting' as we go – I always teach songs by involving all the parts as soon as possible. This allows me to 'duet' the harmony parts together (e.g. the tenor and alto part are sung together) so singers can get a sense of how the harmonies work. It also gives those singers not singing a chance to learn by listening. Liz Garnett has written about duetting very clearly on her own blog.
can be isolating – singing in a choir is a team effort. Sitting at home learning a part on your own can feel isolating, but worse you can end up focusing so much on being perfect that you forget everything else: musicality, harmony, blend, etc. It can result in you feeling pressure to always get it 'right' when you finally rehearse with the other singers. That can also remove the fun element of singing together.
you can fall apart later – I used to work in the theatre and learnt my lines at home. I had them off perfectly, but as soon as I began working with the other actors and moving around, I forgot them all! Same with songs. You might think you have your parts down pat, but as soon as you hear the other harmony parts live (even if you've sung against them on a recording), you can easily be put off.
the focus is on you – back in my theatre days we were told not to highlight our own lines in the play text as that meant we would only think about our own part and have no sense of the whole. If you learn your part at home you never really get a sense of the whole song or how all the parts fit together. When you get to rehearsal you'll need to learn all over again to focus outwards.
This is my personal opinion of course. I know lots of people prefer to learn their part on their own. And with certain genres (e.g. barbershop) where competition and precision are paramount, it's maybe important.
What's your experience? Have you tried both methods? What works best for you and why?
Do drop by and leave a comment – we'd love to hear from you!


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Q: How to maintain original file name after compile in Next.js app? I'm using next framework version 11.1.2 and I'm quite new to it. Does anyone knows how to maintain the original file names after compile and the pages being served?
Example:
I have an image called: frontend-desktop-logo.png
But after compile, it's change to: frontend-desktop-logo.f4735b2f97bf9b97dd8bbee4ea16928d.png
I suspect that I need to change something on the next.conig.js file. I've tried this configuration:
generateEtags: false,

But didn't seem to work. My other though would be on applying some change on the webpack configuration. I searched the web for it, but didn't find anything.

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<!doctype html>

    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <title>CMSCDN | Welcome</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/foundation/5.2.2/css/foundation.min.css" />

Welcome to CMSCDN.net

I have no idea how you found us, but I'm glad you're here!

This domain will host core JavaScript and CSS for Drupal.

I'd highly recommend checking out the following projects, as they've all been used here:

Drupal
This is the first CMS we're supporting

jscompress.com
Initial Node.js examples were pulled from this project.

Node.js
Generating the compressed files is done with Node.js

UglifyJS
This library actually does the JavaScript compression.

jQuery
What doesn't use this these days?

Foundation
This is what you're looking at now.

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Last week, Matthew Joseph Erris thought it would be a good idea to play cop by attempting to conduct a traffic stop on a detective.
The president had planned to nominate the Godfather's Pizza CEO to the Federal Reserve's Board of Governors after an interview.
Officials say a Kansas zookeeper who was attacked and badly injured by a Sumatran tiger is out of intensive care.
An unidentified man in an Easter Bunny costume was involved in an all-out brawl in downtown Orlando on Sunday night.


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Home » Oedipus Rex , Sophocles » Write on Sophocles's art of characterization in King Oedipus
Sophocles's art of characterization in King Oedipus
Sophocles as a dramatist was, in many ways, different from Euripides, another great Greek tragedian. In terms of characterization the two dramatists are quite different. Whereas Euripides portrayed characters 'as they were, Sophocles portrayed 'as they ought to be': Although both of their characters were flawed and committed crimes, the motives of Sophocles's characters tenderd to be more honourable, and appeared to be more concerned with the will of the gods rather than personal gain or vengeance. Sophocles tends to give his characters more heroic features, whereas Euripides is more concerned with portraying the human wealknesses of his characters. As a dramatist Sophocles always emphasizes the heroic qualities of a character and his ability to learn and change accordingly. His characters are not static of flat rather dymamic and possess the ability to change. In his Oedipus Rex Sophocles has drawn his characters with utmost care. Not only the protagonist but also all the other characters are meticulously drawn. The dramatist has made all his characters integral part of the play. Oedipus is the protagonist of the play king Oedipus. The character of Oedipus is considered by many to be the epitome of the tragic hero. Aristotle also admired Sophocles's characterization in king Oedipus as a classic tragic hero. The character of Oedipus is characteristic of Sophocles's intentions to portray his characters as They ought to be.'The character shows the typical elements of a Greek tragic hero; he is a good man that comes to a bad end due to a 'hamartia'. Sophcles always portrays his characters as honourable.He through his artistic touches, manages to instill honour into even the basest aspects of his characters. In the play King Oedipus Sophocles the dramatist delineates the character of Oedipus as honourable.
Oedipus is neither wholly good nor wholly bad, rather a mixture of both. His good qualities are so prominent that when at the end of the play he suffers ignominiously, the audience is able to pity him for his misfortune and recognize his heroism in placing the city first in his priorities. The downcast man that we witness at the end of the play is almost unrecognizable in comparison to the strong and confident leader that opened the play by addressing the city "I, Oedipus,/ Whose name is known afar." The Oedipus in the last scene is very different from the Oedipus in the first few scenes of the play. In the last scene, after the dreadful revelation of the terrifying facts of his life, Oedipus appears a transformed man. From a prideful, heroic king at the beginning of the play, Oedipus becomes a condemned but humble man. Through the complete humbling of such a proud man, Sophocles shows us a man who, despite the adversity he is facing, is able to understand his duties as the once ruler of the city. Although he is worthy of the pity of the audience, he is still able to command their admiration as one who has recognized the fact that he must leave in order to protect his citizens, and despite his personal anguish, is still able to adhere to his earlier promises to both the citizens of Thebes and the Gods. It is in Oedipus's downfall that he becomes a true hero, casting aside his personnel trauma in order to bring in to affect his decrees for Thebes. Sophocles, in his portrayal of Oedipus, show us a character who, although flawed, is heroic enough to admit his faults. He truly regrets his mistake and ill-fortune at the end of the play, showing a heroic man portrayed as he should be. In Sophocles's plays all the secondary characters are also thoroughly drawn. They are sharply defined individuals. Each has a function partly determined in advance by the legend. But these characters are so broadly and carefully drawn that they contribute a feeling of authentic humanity to the play and heighten its intense emotional effect. Sophocles draws Jocasta as a conventional loving wife. She gains in dramatic interest because of her relationship with Oedipus. Her fate seems to be intractably tied with the fate of the protagonist. Jocasta is queenly, but at the same time without being less heroic she is womanly and warm too. She possesses courage and talent to handle a repulsive situation. She confidently intervenes when Oedipus and Creon run into a haughty argument. Though religious she is often skeptical about oracles and Teiresias's words. However, her skepticism may have sprung from her own immediate situation, from her desire to protect Oedipus. Towards the end of the play Jocasta frantically bemoans her fate and finally commits suicide. Creon is Oedipus's brother-in-law and he is drawn as an honourable character. Oedipus feels threatened by Creon and believes that he covets the throne. However, Creon appears a sensible and reasonable man. At the end of the play, after Oedipus has blinded himself, Creon becomes king and acts with commits suicide.
Creon is Oedipus's brother-in-law and he is drawn as an honourable character. Oedipus feels threatened by Creon and believes that he covets the throne. However, Creon appears a sensible and reasonable man. At the end of the play, after Oedipus has blinded himself, Creon becomes king and acts with compassion towards the repentant Oedipus, leading him into the palace and then, as Oedipus requests-and Apollo has ordained-into exile. The character of Teiresias is important in the context of the play Sophocles has given this blind prophet a significant role. He, early in the play, foreshadows the catastrophic outcome of the play. He is also a valiant character. When Oedipus accuses Teiresias of being an enemy for not responding, he remains calm and collected. Significantly, Teiresias is also the first character in the play to question Oedipus's assumption that he knows his parentage and to tell him that he has committed atrocities that he does not yet know are his own. He tells Oedipus that he will become blind and poor, that Oedipus is himself Laius's murderer, and that he will learn that he has fathered children with his mother. While Teiresias's presence on stage is brief, as a prophet representing the god Apollo he remains one of the most powerful characters in the play.
The minor characters, though play significant roles, are not fully developed in the play. The Chorus, a group of elders, acts like an actor taking part in the action of the play. Its role is significant. It prays, sings and frequently talks to the protagonist. Messengers were common devices used in Greek drama. They were often used to relate action that occurred offstage or to summarize events that have taken place between acts or scenes. But, in King Oedipus messengers play more important roles. Oedipus learns from the Corinthian messenger that Polybus was not his father; the messenger himself had been given Oedipus as an infant by one of Laius's men. He causes the shepherd who left Oedipus to die to come in and testify that Oedipus is Laius's son. After Oedipus's opening lines, the Priest of Zeus is the next character in the play to speak, and he does so as a religious leader and elder representative of the people of Thebes. He praises Oedipus, who has solved the riddle of the Sphinx, for his wisdom and ability to improve their lives, and asks of him, on behalf of the people, swiftly and decisively to act and end the suffering. The old shepherd testifies that Oedipus is Laius's son. From his statement Oedipus realizes his identity and his crimes of patricide and incest. Throughout his plays, Sophocles portrayed his characters as they should be; heroic, honourable and pious, and even the flaws of these characters do not detract from the fact that they are true tragic heroes, as their motives remain honourable. All Sophoclean characters seem to belong to a higher caste, with astounding heroic natures. All the characters are essential and play vital roles in bringing about the final outcome of the play. Omitting any character would destroy the structure of the play.
By Green Land - July 24, 2018
Labels: Oedipus Rex, Sophocles


Gambling online is gaining recognition among peoples from around the world. Gamblers are actually doubting if they'd like to gamble online because of laws and regulations about gambling online which are popping as the phenomenon spreads. Should everybody have the authority to gamble online no matter their country's laws and regulations towards physical gambling? This is posed to players since there are different laws and regulations for various countries. There are specific legalities to follow along with regarding gambling online because the industry now handles immeasureable money. However regardless of this no government must have the authority to tell its citizens whether or not they should gamble online or otherwise.
Because it stands now legal rights to experience rely on the nation where you reside and also the different laws and regulations that affect your country. Europe is among the greatest bases of internet casino users on the planet since European governments enables its individuals to gamble online. However, Europe isn't the only place that enables gambling online, the Asian bloc keeps growing in an even faster rate than every other region on the planet.
The Usa has lately banned gambling online in other words banned the processing of transactions for gambling online activities. The U . s . States banks do not let change in money to gambling online companies because the condition law doesn't let them achieve this. However the U . s . States law is broad in the manner it's written and you will find methods for Americans to still gamble online. One particular strategy is using the special prepaid charge card that enables the gamblers to bypass all limitations provided by the federal government to limit Us residents from participating. These prepaid cards permit the US gamblers to experience on the internet and simultaneously not break any condition laws and regulations. But nearly all gamblers feel their government shouldn't impose laws and regulations on gambling online and examine using internet casinos for gambling as not really a crime but instead a game title.
Nonetheless lots of non-gamblers view gambling inside a negative light. The explanation for this really is children who're under age are utilizing their parent's charge cards to gamble online. The truth is most internet casinos try everything to determine the chronilogical age of the account holder before letting them gamble online. But this doesn't stop children from circumventing all limitations but still gambling online. Also gamblers could possibly get in to the practice of gambling online for twenty-four hrs each day and obtain hooked on it. Therefore, governments pass laws and regulations to manage gambling online. Precisely what it takes though is much more purchase of technology to enhance the recognition and protection against underage gambling.
Gambling online is a well-liked gaming activity it provides pleasure and pleasure to a lot of people around the world. Because of this , why no government must have the authority to let them know whether or not they should gamble online or otherwise.


Those Boyd boys have Sean wrapped around their lee-tle grubby fingers. Every day, when he get's home, they run out front and jump in his car to take turns driving around the cul-de-sac. It's pretty cute and I'm sure a giant waste of gas, but they'll probably have fond memories of it when they grow up. So I don't complain.
My house is a house of Legos. They're everywhere. Bathroom counters, under pillows in bedrooms, in kitchen drawers. Pretty much all surfaces. I even found a Lego man in my fridge this week because he needed to "cool off" after being in the hot car all day.
This tomato plant produces the best maters ever. It needs to hurry up and grow more! Hey wanna hear a joke? Three tomatoes are walking down the street--A Poppa tomato, a Momma tomato, and a little baby tomato. Baby tomato starts lagging behind. Poppa tomato gets angry, goes over to the baby tomato, and smooshes him... and says,...Catch up.
We went to the Zoo with the Crandall crew this week. Summer at the San Diego Zoo is kind of obnoxious with all the out-of-towners and all. Luckily we found great parking spots right near the front and had a great little excursion with the minions. We went to their pool and had Bronx Pizza afterwards, which made it a pretty kick-arse day.
Lots of fort making going on. Or as Zane calls it, "his club."
My little Indy. Oh how I love him. Indy loves books. All my kids like books but he LOVES them. I've never had a toddler so interested in books before. I often find him flipping through them in little nooks and comfy places throughout the house. It makes my heart sing--really it does.
We had Lexi over while her parentals were working. She's a dream baby and Indy sure loved having her here. He kept calling her baby, taking her binky so he could give it back, stealing her yogurt melts and kissing her right on top of her head and saying "mwah!"
And ERIN is home! After weeks away visiting family, she is finally here and brought me back a turquoise ring from Montana. I lubb her.
The quidditch picture kills me. And, babies in just diapers are my favorite. So cute!


The new Ebb to Street bra, In the Flow shorts, and Leg Warmers.
The Plum Ebb to Street Tank. I just bought one of these today. However, they are tagged as the Ebb and Flow Racerback tank but ring up as the Ebb to Street tank. It comes with cups and is very soft. I thought the fit was a snug TTS. The eds were telling me that some people have been sizing up because the armpits hit them high but I didn't think that was the case. I thought the Plum fit looser than the black. I plan to use it for spin and weight lifting.
The new First Base Tanks. Also show are Soot Inspire crops with Angel Wing Hyperstripe Inserts.
The Yoga Over Skirt. Shown with the Ebb and Flow tank in the bottom photo. My store (Fashion Island if anyone is looking) had this in but I didn't try it on.
The Angel Wing Dance Studio Jacket is really pretty in real life but I'd prefer if it was all Angel wing with no white.
More CYB photos. I tried this on and thought the fit was similar to the Flow N Go. It dipped too low in the back for me to feel comfortable wearing it but I saw another woman try it on and it looked really nice.
Ebb to Street bra and Wunder Under crops.
Ziggy Wee Nice Asana jackets.
Angel Wing Hyperstripe Speed Shorts.
I think these are the September Black Ziggy Wee Hi Lo Wunder Unders.
The Plum Ebb and Flow Tank. I really like the look of this in the front.
Angel Wing Dance Studio Jacket and Ziggy Wee August Glo Wunder Unders.
Sprint Beanie, Track to Reality Pant, and Plum Swiftly LS.
Cornflower Swiftly Tank and Free to Be bra in the Angel Wing Hyperstripe.
More Ziggy Wee print Nice Asana jacket photos.
Waistband on the Gather and Crow Crops.
Ziggy Wee August Inkwell Wunder Under Pants and CRB tank.
Journey Crop and matching Energy Bra.


Sporty yet polished, our Leora Top is a Willow & Clay favorite. Rendered in a rich satin, this relaxed fit button down top features a tie-front drawstring hem that lends to a cropped silhouette. Pair with high-waisted denim for an effortlessly-chic everyday look, or wear unbuttoned over a cami as a light jacket.
Size Small: length 21", sleeve 24"


This review is based on both the E900 and the E1200. We've had a linksys router for about 10 years and I was starting to have trouble with speed and pages opening, so it was time to replace.
Our VPN routers come with an always-on VPN so that your real IP address and location can never be revealed. Instead only the IP address of the VPN router is exposed: 10.0.221.1 We highly recommend our.
In this page you will find the setting for most common router used for eLife service. I have added some more information also and I hope they will match your Internet requirements.
A worm is spreading on a number of home and small business routers manufactured by Linksys. Researchers at the SANS Institute. E1200, E1000, and E900. After landing on the router, Moon connects to.
Linksys N300 Wi-Fi Router (E900) Enjoy reliable Wi-Fi coverage throughout your home with the Linksys N300 Wi-Fi Router (E900). This wireless Internet router offers Wireless-N speeds of up to 300 Mbps and features MIMO antenna technology to boost Wi-Fi signal.
Linksys E32200 router not working. Cannot Connect To The Internet. I have purchased a new E3200 to replace my old Linksys router. It locates my computers and sets up a network, but cannot connect to the internet via my Comcast cable modem.
Learn about the Linksys E900 N300 wireless router, delivering Wireless-N technology for essential home network coverage. Shop now.
The company has produced Linksys routers supporting the latest version of the 802.11 standard for more than a decade with the most current models capability of supporting the 802.11N standard supporti.
Linksys router firmware upgrade is very easy and you can do it on your own. Download the latest file from the Internet and save it on your computer. Open the setup page of the router and update the file.
See Also. Windows Password Recovery Tools; NK2Edit – Edit, merge and fix the AutoComplete files (.NK2) of Microsoft Outlook. Description Most modern routers allow you to backup the configuration of the router into a file, and then restore the configuration from the file when it's needed.
Posted on November 8, 2018 November 8, 2018 by admin	This entry was posted in Helpful Articles. Bookmark the permalink.


Ordinary Kitchen Set Minimalis Kecil #3 - 40 Contoh Gambar Desain Dapur Minimalis Sederhana was posted in July 19, 2018 at 3:17 pm. If you want to apply this photo as your computer background, you can click the download link below or you may just right click on the photo at the top and choose "Save Image As" to download the Ordinary Kitchen Set Minimalis Kecil #3 - 40 Contoh Gambar Desain Dapur Minimalis Sederhana or by select the "Set Desktop Background As" section if your browser has that capability. If you were no able to find the the most wonderful photo you are expecting for, you shall go for "Search Column" at top right or browse some other photo wallpapers which you want. This image has the image size is 155kB and the resolution of 1024x756. Ordinary Kitchen Set Minimalis Kecil #3 - 40 Contoh Gambar Desain Dapur Minimalis Sederhana has been seen by 12 viewers and it is an attachment from Kitchen Set Minimalis Kecil.


text:
Stories about: "filesoup"
Expand All Posts Collapse All Posts
When The Entertainment Industry Can't Legally Shut Down A Site It Doesn't Like, Bogus Charges Can Do The Trick
from the industry-bullies dept
Tue, Jun 12th 2012 04:03am - Mike Masnick
Back in 2009, we wrote about how anti-piracy organization FACT worked closely with UK law enforcement to have the guy who operated Filesoup arrested. At the time, we noted that it wasn't at all clear what he was doing that was illegal, as the site was merely a forum. Though some people did, in fact, use that forum for the sake of infringement, that shouldn't implicate the forum host. And, in fact, after about a year and a half, the courts dropped the case, realizing that the arguments the industry kept feeding law enforcement didn't add up to anything illegal. The court noted that the charges never should have been brought in the first place. Of course, that's small comfort to the folks who ran the site and had to go through this ordeal. The site has announced that it's shutting down, and the arrests and lawsuits were a big part of what killed it.
Filed Under: bullying, fact, forums, liability
Companies: filesoup
UK Court Dismisses Yet Another Bogus Criminal Lawsuit Against Torrent Tracker Admins
from the and-yet-they'll-do-it-again dept
Fri, Feb 25th 2011 05:30pm - Mike Masnick
Just about a year ago, a court in the UK found OiNK's operator, Alan Ellis, not guilty of criminal charges for running the community. Even though plenty of people had pointed out from the very beginning that it was crazy to charge Ellis with criminal charges for actions by people in the community, prosecutors still went through with it. What was even more amazing is that they continued to try to do the same thing to others as well. In the summer of 2009, we wrote about how UK police arrested the operator of the FileSoup community based entirely on claims by the entertainment industry, which showed a near total lack of understanding of the basic technology at play. It turns out that law enforcement pushed forward with the case, despite the fact that they did no investigating on their own and simply accepted the industry's claims as fact, despite numerous errors. Thankfully, the courts recognized all of this and noted that these criminal charges probably never should have been brought and dropped the case against two of the admins of the site. At what point do law enforcement folks realize that the entertainment industry is a biased party and that you can't just accept everything they say as fact?
Filed Under: filesoup, oink, torrents, uk
Entertainment Industry Decides FileSoup Doesn't Have Enough Publicity; Has Owner Arrested
from the forums-are-bad,-m'kay? dept
Thu, Aug 6th 2009 02:21am - Mike Masnick
A bunch of people have been submitting variations on the story that a guy who runs a site called FileSoup has been arrested. FileSoup apparently was a tracker site for a while, but for the past few years has actually just been a forum where people post links — many of which, one assumes, were for unauthorized content. It's a little unclear what he was arrested for. At times they quizzed him about FileSoup (and didn't seem to fully understand the technology). But on the form they gave him, it said he was arrested for downloading movies (to which he wonders why that's not a civil offense). It'll be worth watching as more details come out, but it's a bit troubling when someone is arrested for running a forum, when the real concern is the actions of the people in the forum, rather than the forum host (admittedly, they may have evidence of direct infringement by him as well, but the questioning seemed to cover the operation of FileSoup itself).
Either way, you do have to wonder what good this does the entertainment industry or anti-piracy organization FACT (who many believe is closely involved in the investigation — though that has not been confirmed). Frankly, I'd never heard of FileSoup, and having the name in headlines all over is likely to only give it that much more attention. The same thing has happened in the past multiple times, including with sites like The Pirate Bay, which most people had never heard of prior to it being raided by the government. So, as long as the site remains up, more people find out about it. If the site goes down, the users quickly scatter to alternative sites. What has the entertainment industry accomplished? Not much useful.
Filed Under: file sharing, forum, uk
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I arrived in New York City on an unusually warm day in December on a quest. I wanted to spend the entire day eating amazing food -- of which NYC has a lot -- and pay without ever pulling out my wallet. This was my first trip to New York City since I joined my sister, the founder of Treatmo, as co-founder.
Because I had just 24 hours to see and eat as much as possible, ordering ahead with my phone through Treatmo would allow me to plan, save time and share my trip with friends all at once through one app. I wanted to reduce friction as much as possible in the checkout process and record my experience, too. All that in mind, I brought a large appetite, plugged my credit card into the app and left my wallet behind.
Digital commerce platforms help emerging food brands compete quickly.
More new natural food business are launch online instead of in grocery stores. See how.
Finding and accessing local real food is easier now with artificial intelligence. Discover how it's being used in the Treatmo App.
Grocery shopping is rapidly changing. Experts predict that the majority of food shopping will be online in five to seven years. Find out how your business can benefit.


text:
Reviews Archaeology
'Origin' explores the controversial science of the first Americans
A new book looks at competing theories of how the Western Hemisphere was settled
Origin examines what genetics and archaeology, including stone tools such as these Clovis spearpoints, reveal about how people settled the Americas tens of thousands of years ago. The book also takes a hard look at how geneticists can overcome unethical practices and collaborate with Native American tribes.
Center for the Study of the First Americans/Texas A&M Univ.
Jennifer Raff
Twelve, $30
Scientific understanding of the peopling of the Americas is as unsettled as the Western Hemisphere once was. Skeletal remains, cultural artifacts such as stone tools and, increasingly, microscopic pieces of ancient DNA have sparked heated debates about which of several origin stories best explains available evidence. Additional conflict stems from a tragic scientific legacy of ignoring and exploiting Indigenous groups whose ancestries are on the line.
Anthropologist and geneticist Jennifer Raff offers her take on the state of this fascinating and turbulent research field in Origin: A Genetic History of the Americas.
Raff wants to tell the most accurate, if still incomplete, story of how humans settled the Americas by integrating research on ancient and modern DNA with archaeological finds. She refers to people who inhabited the Western Hemisphere before Europeans arrived as First Peoples, a term favored by some of her Indigenous colleagues.
Most researchers think that ancestors of the First Peoples lived in Siberia and East Asia 20,000 years ago or more during the Ice Age, Raff explains. A consensus view holds that those groups eventually crossed a now-submerged expanse of land — the Bering Land Bridge — that connected northeastern Asia and North America. Analyses of ancient human DNA indicate that these migrants gave rise to populations that lived south of an ice sheet that ran across northern North America from around 80,000 to 11,000 years ago. But much remains unexplained.
Raff delves into several competing models of how, when and where people first made inroads into the Americas. One approach holds that Ice Age Siberians, known from archaeological finds, reached North America between 16,000 and 14,000 years ago and, within a few millennia, journeyed south across the continent through a gap in the melting ice sheet. Those settlers probably founded the Clovis culture, known for its distinctive stone points (SN: 1/15/22, p. 22).
Another view contends that people came to the Americas much earlier, 30,000 years ago or more. A minority of researchers in this camp contends that settlers may have even reached what's now southern California by 130,000 years ago (SN: 5/27/17, p. 7).
But archaeological and genetic evidence best fits a third model, Raff writes. In this scenario, First Peoples reached the Americas as early as 18,000 years ago and perhaps over 20,000 years ago. These folks — including groups that were not predecessors of Clovis people — probably traveled by boat or canoe along North America's west coast, arriving in South America no later than about 14,000 years ago (SN: 12/26/15, p. 10).
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Raff articulates scientific arguments for these settlement scenarios in clear, nontechnical language. But her narrative revs up when she describes how geneticists, with some admirable exceptions, have treated Indigenous groups as afterthoughts or as passive DNA donors.
One example concerns a roughly 9,000-year-old skeleton found in Washington state in 1996, dubbed Kennewick Man or the Ancient One. That find sparked a legal battle between scientists who wanted to study the man's remains and local tribes intent on reburying their ancestor. The scientists won. Years later, geneticists who consulted with one tribe in the dispute worked out an agreement to sample the tribe's DNA for comparison with the Ancient One — and demonstrated an ancestral connection — before his bones were interred by the tribe (SN: 7/25/15, p. 6).
Many Native American groups, especially in North America, nurse bad memories of genetic researchers who misled them about study goals or never met with them to discuss DNA results at odds with tribal oral histories, Raff writes. As a result, Indigenous communities today often refuse to participate in genetic studies. Only a commitment by researchers to collaborate with those groups will resolve this standoff, she argues, as belatedly happened with the Ancient One.
Raff also provides a glimpse of how she came to study ancient DNA. A lifelong love of exploring caves, starting as a child in a caving club, imbued Raff with a respect for extensive preparation and intense focus in the moment. Those traits proved essential for conducting the many exacting lab procedures she outlines for coaxing DNA out of bone samples.
After mentioning that a few large, well-funded labs dominate ancient DNA research, Raff leaves unexplored the implications of that concentration of resources for studying ancient human migrations. But her book gives a balanced view of what's known about the First Peoples and how scientists can cooperate with their modern-day descendants.
Buy Origin from Bookshop.org. Science News is a Bookshop.org affiliate and will earn a commission on purchases made from links in this article.
A version of this article appears in the February 12, 2022 issue of Science News.
Northwest Passage: Americas populated via Alaska, genetics show
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text:
Edgar Bloom Stern Sr. (1886–1959) was an American leader in civic, racial, business and governmental affairs for the city of New Orleans, Louisiana. He was successful at an early age in the cotton business in New Orleans, later diversifying into other businesses. Stern was an organizer of Dillard University, Flint Goodridge Hospital, and the Bureau for Governmental Research. Stern's family home, Longue Vue House and Gardens, is now a museum open to the public.

Early life and education
Edgar Stern was born in 1886 in New Orleans as the second son of Maurice Stern and Hannah Bloom Stern. His family was Jewish. Maurice had immigrated to New Orleans from Germany in 1871, beginning employment with cotton factors in the city. Maurice Stern succeeded in the cotton trade, and by 1883 his firm of employment bore his name, Lehman, Stern and Company. He married Hannah Bloom in the same year, and his family benefited financially from his success as a cotton merchant.

For his family's affluence, Edgar Stern traveled frequently, became involved in charitable works, and became active in Temple Sinai synagogue, all beginning in early childhood. Stern attended New Orleans public schools, and subsequently enrolled in Tulane University. However, after one year, he transferred to Harvard University, where he obtained a scholarship. At Harvard, Stern earned a BA in 1907 and an MA in 1908.

Career and philanthropy

Business and civic affairs
Following his 1907 graduation from Harvard University, Stern began his employment with Lehman, Stern and Company in New Orleans in the cotton trade. Stern served as president of the New Orleans Cotton Exchange in 1927 and 1928. He also became involved in civic affairs, being elected to the Orleans Parish School Board and the Board of Directors for Charity Hospital of New Orleans in 1912. His involvement in business matters extended beyond cotton trading, and so he was elected president of the New Orleans Association of Commerce in 1915, a forerunner of the local Chamber of Commerce. Stern also became a director of the New Orleans Public Belt Railroad in 1916.

During World War I, Stern served as a captain in the US Army's ordinance department. He was a director of the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta and director of the New Orleans branch of the Federal Reserve Bank in 1917 and 1918. During World War II, Stern served as the chairman of the transportation committee of the United States War Production Board, a position that he held for a salary of $1 per year. As part of his endeavors in international trade, Stern was a founder of International House in New Orleans in the mid-1940s. He served as a member of the board of directors of Sears, Roebuck and Company from 1932 to 1958. He was also a member of the boards of directors for Tulane University and for the New Orleans Times-Picayune newspaper. He was a trustee of the Howard-Tilton Memorial Library from 1932 to 1948. Stern was a trustee of the Julius Rosenwald Fund and of the Tuskegee Institute, in addition to being a member of the American Academy of Political and Social Science.

In 1933, Stern was a founder of a bureau aimed at improving local government efficiency, especially for New Orleans. This organization later evolved into the Bureau of Governmental Research.

In 1947 Stern and his family purchased New Orleans radio station WDSU from the Stephens Broadcasting Co. Stern, together with his son Edgar Jr., then opened WDSU-TV one year later, its first broadcast being on December 18, 1948. This television station was the first in Louisiana, the 6th major television station in the South, and one of the first 50 stations in the United States.

Author Gerda Weissmann Klein published a list of business and civic positions that Stern held as of 1953.

Dillard University
Stern's involvement with Dillard University and Flint-Goodridge Hospital began with a solicitation in 1928 by Edwin R. Embree, then president of the Rosenwald Fund, concerning the educational and health care needs of African-Americans in the city of New Orleans. At about the same time, the president of Straight College sought Stern's financial aid for the college. A possible merger of historically black Straight College and New Orleans University was under discussion by leaders of each institution, reasoning that each was fairly weak but the combined universities would be strong. Additionally, the Rosenwald Fund was interested in developing centers for education of African-Americans, believing that New Orleans could be one of those centers if the two institutions merged. Edith Stern's biographer Gerda Weissmann Klein wrote that, while Edgar Stern had no prior convictions about African-American affairs, "he had strong convictions about right and wrong, along with a keen perception of social injustice, the debris of which was all around him". These circumstances led to Stern's immersion in addressing the educational needs of African-Americans.

The merger of the two colleges, together with the New Orleans University-operated Flint Goodridge Hospital, was completed in 1930 with Stern as a key member of the board of trustees, and later board president. As board member, Stern addressed several critical issues facing the newly formed Dillard University, including financial matters, navigating the distinctly different cultures of the two parent colleges, appointing effective administrators, and developing a suitable physical plant, including a new campus. On financial matters, the board of trustees under Stern's leadership obtained $2 million in funding, with a new campus in the Gentilly section of New Orleans and a new hospital in the uptown section of New Orleans. These site selections were complex matters that he negotiated with local government officials and were sensitive because of perceived impact of negro institutions on local property values in the Deep South at the time. Stern chose to pursue construction of the hospital complex first, with it opening in 1931 and with the new campus for Dillard University opening for the Fall semester of 1935.

Stern selected Will W. Alexander to be the first president of the newly formed Dillard University. Alexander was the southern white director of the Commission on Interracial Cooperation, whom Stern viewed as being able to navigate the complex racial relations of white-dominated New Orleans and the factionalism that persisted from the two universities from which Dillard was formed. Alexander retained his position on the Commission on Interracial Cooperation while serving as university president, which did not adequately serve the university's interests.  In 1936, Stern and the board of trustees, therefore, replaced Alexander with William Stuart Nelson, the university's first full-time and first African-American president. However, financial difficulties persisted, and Stern subsequently appointed Albert W. Dent as the new president in 1940.  Dent had been Stern's protégé during his tenure as chief executive at Flint-Goodridge Hospital, and Dent's presidency lasted until his retirement in 1969. Through his relationship with Dent, Stern's outlook on racial matters became increasingly progressive.

Other philanthropy
Shortly following World War II, Stern and his wife Edith were part of the group that founded Pontchartrain Park, a New Orleans housing sub-division specifically for African-Americans, the first in the New Orleans area and one of the first in the United States. This was initially a $15 million, 1000-home development in the Gentilly section of New Orleans.

Stern and his wife Edith Stern made significant financial contributions to Dillard University, Tulane University, Harvard University, and the New Orleans Philharmonic Symphony. With a $145,000 grant in 1955, he funded a project by the Governmental Affairs Institute of Washington, DC, a project to compile statistics on elections in the United States.

Stern was personally interested in the sport of tennis. In 1973, Stern provided financial assistance to enable the New Orleans Recreation Department to acquire the former site of the New Orleans Lawn Tennis Club. The facility in this way became the Atkinson - Stern Tennis Center. This acquisition made the sport of tennis accessible to underprivileged people, especially underprivileged African-Americans.

Personal life

In 1921, Stern married Edith Sulzberger (1895-1980) (née Rosenwald), daughter of Sears Roebuck magnate and philanthropist Julius Rosenwald. Each of their children were notable in their own rights.  Stern gave each of the three children money to begin their own foundations.

Son Philip M. Stern (1926–1992) was a Democratic Party activist, philanthropist, and writer. His books included criticisms of the political establishment and the legal profession, and he wrote treatises on poverty. His noted books included "The Best Congress Money can Buy" and "The Oppenheimer Case", among others. He died in 1992 at age 66.

Daughter Audrey Stern Hess (1924–1974) served as director and as president of the Citizens' Committee for Children, in addition to being president of the National Girls Club. She served as a trustee to the John F. Kennedy Library and held board memberships at the Eleanor Roosevelt Foundation and the Osborne Association. Hess was appointed by the Kennedy Administration and the Johnson Administration to advisory positions for the Federal Reformatory for Women and the National Council on Alcoholism. She was married to art critic and author Thomas B. Hess. Audrey Hess passed away in 1974 at age 50.

First son Edgar Bloom Stern Jr. (1922–2008) served in the US Army's Signal Officer Corps in World War II and in the Korean War. With Edgar Sr, he founded WDSU-TV, the first commercial television station in the Gulf Coast region of the United States. Through his Royal Street Corporation, Edgar Jr pursued real estate developments, especially in New Orleans and Aspen, Colorado. He lived in Aspen and on the San Juan Islands from 1968 until his death.

For his merits early in his career, Edgar Bloom Stern Sr. was invited to join the exclusive Boston Club of New Orleans, despite its reputation at the time for anti-semitism. Stern declined the invitation on learning that close Jewish friends would be unable to join. Stern continued to prosper in New Orleans business circles even though he was excluded from much of the city's society because of the widespread anti-semitism of the time.

Stern's brother S. Walter Stern was also in the cotton business and was a philanthropist in the city of New Orleans.

Legacy
In 1936, Edgar and Edith Stern founded the Stern Family Foundation, ultimately distributing $25 million. Believing that foundations became bureaucratic if they persisted too long, Edgar Stern and Edith Stern chartered the Stern Family Foundation to spend itself out of existence. The spending was complete in 1986. The fund was noted for sometimes supporting unconventional causes. For example, in addition to its support for inner-city causes, it on occasion supported challenges by shareholders to encourage social responsibility of corporations, public-interest law firms, tenant groups, and the anti-nuclear movement. It preceded other foundations in supporting black voter registration in the Deep South.

Edgar Stern and his wife Edith Stern built a home in suburban New Orleans, Louisiana, during the period 1939–1942, intending from the start to open the house to the public as an educational institution. The home was built in Classical Revival style. The home was partially opened to the public in 1968 and fully opened as a museum and gardens in 1980. Edgar Stern and wife Edith Stern also maintained a summer home in Lenox, Massachusetts.

Awards and honors
In 1931 the New Orleans Times-Picayune newspaper presented Stern with its Loving Cup Award for his service in founding Dillard University. A replica of the trophy is on his tomb at Metairie Cemetery in New Orleans. Government, civic, and religious leaders gathered in New Orleans in 1953 to recognize Stern's philanthropic accomplishments. In the presentation, then New Orleans Mayor deLesseps S. Morrison referred to Stern as "Mr. Citizen of 1953". The Stern Science Hall at Dillard University was dedicated in 1953. The Edgar B. Stern Tennis Center in New Orleans is named in his honor, which was subsequently renamed the Atkinson-Stern Tennis Center to commemorate Nehemiah Atkinson.

Gallery

References

External links
 A photograph of Edgar and Edith Stern can be viewed online.
 Bureau for Governmental Research
 History of the Royal Street Corporation

Jews and Judaism in Louisiana
Jewish American philanthropists
Philanthropists from Louisiana
Businesspeople from New Orleans
Harvard University alumni
People from Lenox, Massachusetts
Rosenwald family
1886 births
1959 deaths
20th-century American businesspeople
20th-century American philanthropists

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Hi would it be possible to have a tear film breakup analysis package on the medmont e300, ie a map which shows which ring/s distort/s first to show patients and also analyse areas of where the tear film first breaks up, this would be great when testing between contact lens solutions and their effect on soft lens moisture and end of day dryness, but also for the diagnosis treatment and management of dry/watery eye.
We are currently investigating adding tear film analysis to our E300 software package. There is no confirmed date for completing this feature as we are still in the early phases of design.
Having said that do you have any suggestions or opinions on what features you would find useful in tear film analysis?
i want that too. The non-invasive TBUT measurement has already available in other topographer system.
Can you please describe this TBUT measurement please?
Will it be possible to let the e300 to continuously monitor the placcido rings quality to check the tear break up time repeatily and provide an average tear break up time please?
For future reference you can change the notifications setting in your profile to send you an email whenever a change is made to a thread you have started. I have updated this setting in you profile so you should get notifications now.
I am not sure I completely understand the rest of the previous post. The E300 does support video capture with rings illuminated via 2 methods. One supports video playback and the other method supports topographical analysis.
Start an E300 exam by selecting Home > New Exam > Corneal Topography from the menu.
Once the exam window has opened select Home > Capture Mode > Video from the menu.
You should now be able to click on the Home > Video > Start button to start recording video with the placido rings illuminated and click it again to stop the video.
From the menu select Configure > DV2000 > Images Sources.
Give the source a name such as E300.
From the type drop down list select either Leutron if you have a capture card or E300 Converter Box if you are using the USB converter.
you will need to click on the Advanaced tab and place a check in the Pulse Output Trigger checkbox and click on OK.
Close down all of the dialog's by clicking on the OK buttons.
Now that the video source is set up select Home > New Exam > Digital Image to start the exam.
Select your video source from the list and click OK.
From the menu select Home > Capture Mode > Video.
You should now be able to capture live video from the E300 topographer now.
If these steps are unclear please let me know and I will get a set of more detailed steps or a video of how to set this up.
Mate that worked perfectly, I had it setup but needed to check the pulse output trigger box.
Did the thoughts on how the TBUT map could look make sense? if not I am happy to give you a call and email you?


text:
The Characteristics, Behavior, and Habitat of the Otter
Inhabiting almost every continent on the globe, the otter is a docile, territorial, and extremely intelligent aquatic mammal.
Written and verified by the dog trainer Laura Huelin.
Today we want to tell you all about one of the most amazing and enthralling mammals species around: the otter. Otters are aquatic mammals that not only live in rivers, but in the ocean as well. They're believed to be the most intelligent species on the planet, as they can even build their own tools.
The characteristics of the otter
Otters are a species that belongs to the mustelids, meaning they're related to ferrets, badgers, and minks. Despite what many people believe, otters are not related to beavers. Beavers belong to the rodent family, and therefore have nothing to do with otters.
Therefore, otters are aquatic mammals with a large hydrodynamic and slightly flat body. They can measure from 24 to 34 inches long, approximately. This is without taking into account their tails, which can measure almost half the length of their bodies. Their legs are short and they have a membrane between their toes that helps them swim and dive.
As for its fur, the otter has a brown colored back and a grayish belly. Its hair is impermeable, which allows it to maintain body heat while in the water. As for its life expectancy, the otter can live for up to between eight and fifteen years in the wild. However, in captivity, they can live for up to twice as long.
Despite popular belief, otters don't feed on berries and plants. For the most part, they eat fish, and, for that reason, we can call them carnivores. However, some otter species eat frogs. And there are also species that live in tropical regions and dig around the bottom of rivers to find shrimp and crabs.
The habitat of the otter
Otters live in almost every part of the globe, with the exception of Australia and Antarctica. And they tend to inhabit the shores of rivers and lakes, but there are some sea otter species, which usually prefer warm freshwater.
Thanks to their impermeable fur and their multiple layers of fat, otters can withstand cold waters. They live in areas where water is fairly shallow. This is because, though they are aquatic, they spend many hours each day stretched out under the sun.
Normally, they build their nests in swampy areas, marshlands, and forests that are along the water. This allows them to hide very well and escape from predators. Just the same, it's important to point out that otters don't have many predators. Their biggest threat is humans who hunt them for their skin.
Despite being aquatic animals, they build their dens on land. Some dig into the dirt in order to make their burrows, while others build nests in the branches of rocky shores.
Except during the reproductive season, otters don't live in burrows or in any permanent home. Rather, they define a territory that they live in and defend it, and they move about this territory freely.
We can find otter specimens in very diverse regions like Asia, Africa, tropical waters, etc. In North America, there's also a type of sea otter that feeds on mollusks. Interestingly, there's a type of giant otter than lives in South America. And while they appear in many different countries, the majority of them live on the shores of the Amazon River in Brazil.
Species of otters
There are 13 different otter species, although we can also take into account another species, the Maxwell's otter, which is now extinct. Below, we'll tell you about the most well-known.
The sea otter can be found in North America and along the Pacific Ocean. It has the roundest face among all of the otter species and it feeds on fish, which it hunts in groups.
The European otter lives in freshwater in different parts of Europe. It's recognizable because the gray on its belly is more extensive than in other otter species, covering nearly half its body.
The giant otter lives in South America and its population is concentrated along the shores of the Amazon. It can come to weigh between 66 and 88 pounds and come to measure some 6 feet long.
The clawless otter is a specimen that appears in Africa and is one of the smallest otter species. These mammals are very agile and feed on small crabs, frogs, and worms.
The behavior of the otter
Otters are docile animals that don't tend to attack without prior warning. They are territorial and may fight with members of their own species. However, they usually get along just fine with other animal species.
They spend many hours of the day outside of the water on the shore, soaking up the sun. The time when they are most active is at night, as they take advantage of the daytime to stay in hiding.
Otters have the ability to use tools in order to find their food. In fact, humans have spotted otters using rocks to smash shells that they are unable to open with their own claws. There are very few animals that know how to use tools, a characteristic that is a sign of great intelligence.
Despite being a very docile animal that's not afraid of humans, it's best to observe them from a distance and not interfere with their habitats. Not all of the otter species are in danger of extinction, but they all fight for their survival. They may become stressed and are essential to the ecosystems where they live .
Finally, The Fur Trade Is Coming To An End
In the fur trade, many animals suffer when their fur is torn off while still alive. In Denmark, more than 17 million mink skins are produced annually. Read more »
Carter, S. K., & Rosas, F. C. (1997). Biology and conservation of the giant otter Pteronura brasiliensis. Mammal Review, 27(1), 1-26.
Erlinge, S. (1968). Territoriality of the otter Lutra lutra L. Oikos, 81-98.
Prigioni, C., Balestrieri, A., & Remonti, L. (2007). Decline and recovery in otter Lutra lutra populations in Italy. Mammal Review, 37(1), 71-79.
Siriwat, P., & Nijman, V. (2018). Illegal pet trade on social media as an emerging impediment to the conservation of Asian otters species. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, 11(4), 469-475.
The contents of My Animals are written for informational purposes. They can't replace the diagnosis, advice, or treatment from a professional. In the case of any doubt, it's best to consult a trusted specialist.
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Over the last few days, firecrackers and rockets have been filling the air with smoke and the smell of gunpowder. As usual, the Germans have been getting warmed up for New Year's Eve — the one night of the year when they go completely crazy.
After my first New Year's Eve in Berlin, I bought my first ever fire extinguisher — and I have been the proud owner of one ever since. For there is only one word for what takes place here on New Year's Eve: Carnage.
Amidst all the noise and confusion, you'll sometimes hear a dog barking its head off as if trying to figure out what on earth possessed the humans. I, too, ponder a similar question every year: What happens to the Germans on New Year's Eve?
Among expats, the common joke is of course that the Germans haven't started a war in a while, so they need to blow things up once a year. I don't buy that explanation, but maybe someone from Germany's Ministry of Economy should look into it, because it might just be cheaper to have an actual war than to carry on like this. This year, the Germans spent 15o million on explosives. New Year's celebrations usually result in around 12,000 fires and more than 30 million euros worth of damage to cars, houses and other property. Last year, in Berlin alone, the fire brigade responded to 1500 emergency calls. The night always ends in countless injuries and even deaths.
Just recently, the Alternative for Germany (AfD) proposed banning fireworks in Stuttgart altogether. Clearly, we have a problem when even the far right party of Germany thinks that things have gone too far. Another attempt to get things under control came from Klinikum Dortmund, a German hospital that publicised an image of a mangled hand resulting from a firecracker accident on Wednesday. I doubt this will change anything, however, because New Year's Eve is to Germans what the full moon is to werewolves.
For most of the year, the Germans are busy wearing sensible shoes, putting their rubbish into the correct bins and following rules and regulations. Everyone is just so efficient and responsible and good. And then, on New Year's Eve, they completely transform.
Take for example, the environment – something the Germans are usually very concerned about. On New Year's Eve, the sheer number of fireworks let off makes January 1st is the most polluted day of the year. Or safety — if you try crossing the road when the pedestrian light is red, about ten people will point out your error and tell you that you are setting a bad example for children. But on New Year's Eve, drunk parents will hold lit fireworks in their hands while standing next to their children without a second thought for safety.
Clearly, the Germans repress their wild sides for the entire year to such an extent that it eventually has to break out in a terrible way. They are like those children with very strict parents who at some point go completely wild. The best solution would be for everyone to just let loose a little at regular intervals throughout 2017…maybe go out in the rain without a waterproof coat, be a few minutes late for an appointment, chuck some brown glass in the white glass bin, jaywalk, go crazy.
Will Arnett on Wetten, Dass…?
Wetten, dass..? is Germany's biggest Saturday night entertainment show, attracting around 10 million viewers (at its high point, it drew 23 million – in terms of figures, it remains Europe's most successful show). It's been on air since 1981, runs from between 2 and 4 hours, and centres around celebrities betting on outrageous stunts performed by ordinary people.
Wetten, dass..? is due to come off the air soon, due to a number of reasons, among which is falling ratings since the show's popular long-term host Thomas Gottschalk resigned.
Read more about ZDF pulling the plug on Wetten, dass…? at The Local.
A recent study has shown that half of Brits could have German blood in them. The Sun has come up with a brilliant survey to assess your German-ness "oompah" rating.


text:
Source: TikTok/Getty Images
Kellyanne Conway's Twitter Account Leaked a Topless Photo of Daughter Claudia
By Michelle Stein
Jan. 26 2021, Published 2:29 p.m. ET
Well, the public conflict between former Donald Trump adviser Kellyanne Conway and her teenage daughter, Claudia Conway, has officially intensified. The 16-year-old revealed she was seeking emancipation in August 2020, alleging "years of childhood trauma and abuse" — and since then, she's shared videos of her mother verbally attacking her. Now, in a disturbing new development, Kellyanne's Twitter account posted a topless photo of Claudia.
Let's take a closer look at how the leaked photo got posted.
Was Kellyanne behind that leaked photo of Claudia Conway?
On Jan. 25, Kellyanne's official Twitter account shared a topless photo on Fleets, which deletes photos after 24 hours. The post was actually deleted earlier than that — but not before people took screenshots of it and then promptly alerted Claudia about what happened.
At first, Claudia couldn't believe what her followers were telling her. She soon realized the leaked photo posted by her mother's Twitter account wasn't a joke at all.
*SERIOUS* CW: Child Abuse
Former Trump counselor Kellyanne Conway allegedly posted picture of her 16-year-old daughter Claudia Conway topless on Twitter Fleet. The post was quickly deleted. This days after video of Kellyanne verbally and physically abusing Claudia went viral. pic.twitter.com/pZZIAFjcyA
— Def Noodles (@defnoodles) January 26, 2021
Claudia has since addressed the leaked photo via TikTok, confirming it was, in fact, real.
"I'm assuming my mom took a picture of it to use against me one day and then somebody hacked her or something," she explained in a since-deleted TikTok video that has been re-shared by fans. "Nobody would have any photo like that, ever. So Kellyanne, you're going to f--king jail."
@KellyannePolls leaked HER OWN CHILD'S nude photos on her Twitter story two hours ago. @FBI you need to be involved. This girl's entire TikTok feed is a huge cry for help and I am so saddened that nothing has been done sooner to help her. pic.twitter.com/KNGG1EsrIz
— LeighAnn Chase (@LeighAnnMChase) January 26, 2021
The fact that Claudia then began commenting in Morse code worried her fans even more.
"Please get people to talk about this," Claudia wrote in the comments over on TikTok. "I'm OK but scared af spread awareness pls."
kellyanne conway literally leaked her underage daughter's nudes and now she's on tiktok saying she's scared and begging for help in MORSE CODE how is this real life someone help claudia conway pic.twitter.com/2a7RriaABQ
— marianna (best ass on this app) (@itsmariannnna) January 26, 2021
On Jan. 26, Claudia again took to TikTok — but this time, it was to urge people to stop calling the authorities.
"I know that my mom would never, ever post anything to hurt me like that intentionally, and I do believe she was hacked," Claudia said in one of a series of videos.
She added, "My mom and I, we fight like mothers and daughters. But we also love like mothers and daughters, and I love her. I will be taking a break from social media because we are really tired of being headlines."
Her father, George Conway, also shared a link to the video via Twitter.
@claudiamconway
please stop sending hate to my family. please. i am putting an end to all of this. i'm okay. we are okay.
♬ original sound - claudia conway
In January 2021, Claudia alleged that her mother was abusive via TikTok.
It's not clear whether law enforcement is currently involved in the leaked photo of Claudia. However, officers had previously been called out to the Conway residence on Jan. 20 in response to a "juvenile matter," which is under investigation, per OK! magazine.
At the time, Claudia had shared video clips in which Kellyanne can be heard yelling and cursing at her daughter. Claudia also alleged that her mother hit her.
"She's probably going to publicly say that she's not abusive and whatnot, but that's what manipulators do and narcissists," Claudia told her 1.5 million TikTok followers at the time.
She added, "I'm not looking for attention. I'm not looking for anything. I'm in a situation that's really physically, mentally, and emotionally abusive and I think it's important that everybody sees that."
Claudia Conway shares videos exposing her mother former Trump counselor Kellyanne Conway verbally and physically abusing her. Claudia said in a comment CPS won't do anything because her parents are too powerful. pic.twitter.com/dAaBrXm9xU
If you or someone you know is experiencing domestic violence, call the National Domestic Violence Hotline at 1−800−799−7233.
Claudia Conway Takes to Social Media to Criticize Her Mom and Others for Handling of COVID-19 Breakout
Claudia Conway Claims Mom Kellyanne Is Abusive in Viral TikTok Video
Kellyanne Conway's Daughter, Claudia, Is Now Auditioning for 'American Idol'


Cryptocurrency has not only presented the fastest way to transfer the cash, but also a new entity to trade with and to make cash apart from the stocks and other commodities. Even though you can straight offer and buy Bitcoin, you can also use Bitcoin investing exchanges to proceed your trades in cryptocurrency. There are a whole lot of exchanges in which investing Bitcoin is safe and secured and also the clients are facilitated with a lot of prolonged services. Becoming a cryptocurrency investor or trader you can select any of the exchanges for your ease and comfort. It is however advised to sneak peek into the reviews of some before opting out the one particular. Beneath is a transient overview of top Bitcoin exchanges about the entire world.
CoinBase: It is probably one particular of the most reputed and biggest Bitcoin investing exchanges with twin facility investing right and via the wallet. CoinBase was launched in the yr 2012 as via undertaking finding of Y-Combinator and considering that then it has swiftly developed. It has several profitable services like numerous possibilities to deposit and withdraw funds, cash transfers amongst two CoinBase are instantaneous, Wallet amenities with numerous signature alternatives for more safe transfers, Bitcoin deposits are insured for any loss etc. CoinBase has the vast range of payment companions of Europe and US, who seamlessly allow the transactions to be carried on by means of them. It has fairly reduced transactions expenses and provides Bitcoin trade alongside with a big number of Altcoin buying and selling as well.
CEX.IO: 1 of the oldest and reputed exchanges which was began in 2013, London as Bitcoin Trading trade and also as cloud mining facilitator. Later on its mining electricity grew this kind of enormously that it held nearly fifty percent of the community mining capacities nevertheless, it has been now shut. "CEX.IO" permits consumers to expand to the considerably greater amount of Bitcoin trades, and it has the facility to make available the Bitcoin at asked for price tag instantly. Nonetheless, for this trade costs a little bit high exchange quantity, but this is compensated for the protection and facilities of enabling multi-forex transaction (Dollar, Euro, and Ruble) to buy Bitcoin.
Bitfinex: It is one of the most advanced buying and selling exchanges and it specifically suited to the skilled crypto-currency traders. With bitcoin trends for the Ethereum as nicely as Bitcoin, this exchange has far better possibilities like leveraging, margin funding and a number of purchase buying and selling. Aside from this Bitfinex provides the characteristics of customizable GUI, many orders kinds, like limit, end, trailing stop, marketplace etc. This trade also gives about 50 forex pairs that can be traded and with easy withdrawals for all. 1 of the biggest exchanges in terms of quantity traded Bitfinex delivers pseudonymity for trades and only for some of the solutions it needs identifications. The only drawback with this trade is that it does not assist the acquiring of Bitcoin or any other altcoin via fiat transactions.
Bitstamp: It was started in 2011 and is the oldest of exchanges who provide cryptocurrency and Bitcoin trades. The most highly regarded since regardless of getting oldest it has never ever been under protection risk and tills recently. Bitstamp presently supports four currencies Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin and Ripple and is accessible with the mobile app as effectively, apart from website to trade. It has lovely assistance for the European users or the traders obtaining their account in Euro Financial institutions. The protection is sophisticated and of cold storage variety, which means the coins are saved offline.So you can say it is wholly not possible for any hacker to infiltrate. Final of all its complex consumer interface indicates that it is not for the amateur person but for specialists and it provides relative lower transactions costs.
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