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video. When I asked what would be an improvement, the best I could get out of the complainer is something about "doing it all online." Not that Twitter is a good place for explaining complex issues, but from her point of view, it sounded to me like anything more complicated than a Twitter post was "too complicated."
Well, I'm sorry, but "simple" and "democratic" tend to be contradictory goals. There are very simple solutions like "Do everything I personally say without question," but they aren't particularly democratic. There are hyper-democratic solutions like "anyone who wants to speak gets unlimited discussion and unlimited times at debate, and nothing can be done without unanimous consent," but these aren't particularly practical. (The current form of the US government is the outgrowth of a realization that requiring unanimous consent of the states for anything important was impractical.)
The reason that parliamentary procedure is complex is that it's trying to balance a bunch of contradictory rights. If you're someone who is convinced that your personal, individual right to speak for as long as you want and as many times as you want trumps the rights of the group to be able to finish the discussion and reach a decision in a reasonable time, well, it's unlikely that you'll ever be happy with any rules that allow for limits on debate. If you're someone who has no patience with debate and just wants the Strong Man to Make Decisions, you'll never be pleased with rules that allow for people to debate and reach a group decision through voting.
Despite my respect for parliamentary procedure and the rule of law as it applies to deliberative assemblies (groups of people gathering to debate and decide upon things), I am not 100% enamored of the most common American parliamentary rules manual, Robert's Rules of Order, Newly Revised. (Hereafter RONR.) That has not stopped me from becoming something of an expert in it, because it is effectively the technical manual of parliamentary democratic procedure in most of the USA and many other places.
RONR is big and complicated because it's been accumulating more and more material over time, and it tries to cover every possibility. This leads to bloat. In addition, RONR contains a number of moderately archaic terms and practices that trace back to at least the founding of the USA and probably earlier. For example, the technical name of the procedural motion "to end the debate and bring the matter to a vote now," is called, for reasons unclear to me, "Previous Question." (Because I know this isn't obvious to anyone but a parliamentarian, I consider "Call the Question," "End the Debate," "Vote now," and any obviously similar request to be identical to "Previous Question," and treat it accordingly.)
So if I dislike RONR that much, why am I such a champion for it? Because I tried once to introduce a simpler manual, and the members rejected it. Specifically, the book currently known as the Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure. (Hereafter TSC.) This book, previously known as Sturgis' Code, is a simplified form of American parliamentary procedure. In my opinion, it's actually closer to what the members of WSFS and Westercon want, with one big exception: Objection to Consideration. A fair chunk of the Worldcon Business Meeting Standing Rules modifies RONR to be closer to TSC.
Some years ago (during the Spokane Westercon, as it happens), I pushed hard to get TSC adopted as the parliamentary manual for Westercon business meetings. The rules on amending the Westercon bylaws were easier then, and I managed to get my way, by a single vote. But the following year, I wasn't able to attend the Westercon in Hawaii, and the Meeting changed things back to RONR. I usually know when I'm defeated, and there are limits to how many times I'm prepared to invest effort in a losing cause. The people who show up and vote voted to stick with the older, more complicated rules, probably because they already know how they work, and they feared any change that might require them to learn anything new, even if it was easier. I understand that. Westercon and WSFS Business Meetings tend to be fundamentally conservative in the sense of "reluctant to change," not in the US political philosophy sense.
So change comes slowly and incrementally. Abuse of Objection to Consideration, and the unseemly behavior of people deploying it against every single proposal, led to the WSFS Business Meeting agreeing to make OTC a higher hurdle (3/4 vote instead of 2/3) and allowing the use of Postpone Indefinitely (previously banned under WSFS rules) as a motion with limited debate, allowing for a short debate about why something is worth discussing, but allowing 2/3 of the members to kill the proposal after that short debate.
WSFS rules are complicated because the people who attend the meetings have effectively voted for complexity, but also because some of the complexity is required to protect the rights of members, both individually and in groups, and including the members who aren't even at the meeting. If you have a better way for deciding how we should run things, the onus is on you to propose something. As long as you just complain that "it's too complicated," without proposing something both easier and workable, don't expect to be taken seriously.", "url": "https://kevin-standlee.livejournal.com/1481104.html", "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://l-stat.livejournal.net/img/sign.png" }, "author": { "@type": "Person", "name": "Kevin Standlee", "image": "https://l-userpic.livejournal.com/66768398/4545815" }, "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Journal kevin_standlee", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://kevin-standlee.livejournal.com", "contentUrl": "https://l-userpic.livejournal.com/47686788/4545815" } } }
Mood: grumpy
Meeting Rules: Instead of Complaining, Propose Something Workable
I'm going to surprise some people here with my opening statement: Robert's Rules of Order is too complicated.
I got complained at on Twitter a couple of days ago about how the rules for the WSFS Business Meeting are too complicated and shouldn't require outreach like the Business Meeting Basics video. When I asked what would be an improvement, the best I could get out of the complainer is something about "doing it all online." Not that Twitter is a good place for explaining complex issues, but from her point of view, it sounded to me like anything more complicated than a Twitter post was "too complicated."
WSFS rules are complicated because the people who attend the meetings have effectively voted for complexity, but also because some of the complexity is required to protect the rights of members, both individually and in groups, and including the members who aren't even at the meeting. If you have a better way for deciding how we should run things, the onus is on you to propose something. As long as you just complain that "it's too complicated," without proposing something both easier and workable, don't expect to be taken seriously.
Tags: business meeting, parliamentary procedure, westercon, worldcon, wsfs, wsfs business meeting


We dreamt of writing our story for ten years and hired several writers that didn't deliver. We met writers and editors all the time but none of them felt right. We wanted someone with great writing skills, but we also needed someone who loved our story as much as we did. When we met Cynthia, we knew she was different.
She took the time to get to know us, understand what we stand for, and tell the story the way we want it told. After our consultation, we hired her to help us with our story and book proposal.
Our book is almost finished and we're delighted. Our dream is coming true and it feels awesome!
Before I had my session, I could think of a million things that I needed to get done before my writing. And then if I did sit down to write, I was plagued by so many distractions (from family interruptions to my own lack of willpower over the internet). Because of all of that, the second book of my trilogy was taking months longer to write than I had originally anticipated. But then I had my Time Alchemy Session with Cynthia. She was immediately warm, welcoming and knowledgeable at the start of our session.
She was also practical and results-oriented. One of the most meaningful things that happened in our session is that she helped me see just how important my writing project is to me. Once I had that knowledge I was able to create the boundaries I needed to easily get my writing done.
Because of the gifts Cynthia gave me in our session, I was able finish my second book (and I mean finish…even sent off for publication!) in ONE week.
I now look forward to my scheduled writing times every day and plan to make it a lifelong habit.
I had a chapter to write under a tight deadline and called Cynthia. I knew my chapter was okay but wrote it under duress so I wanted an extra pair of eyes. What Cynthia did with it was amazing. She made the angels sing and I can't wait to work more with her!
The Time Alchemy Program changed my life.
I wasn't even sure exactly what I needed when I enrolled except for more time to devote to my memoir. But once I received what I needed through the program, I realized it was a lot more than just time.
When you aren't famous, writing a memoir can appear a bit frivolous. Cynthia helped me embrace my story, define what I wanted to experience in the writing of it, and confirmed the legitimacy of my project. Her support was amazing, and my progress in one month was far beyond what I expected.
Cynthia's thoughtful coaching style was the exact support I needed to launch my project. In her direct yet gentle coaching style, she seemed to effortlessly land on the important issues I needed to address in order to support myself while writing this deeply personal and emotional piece. Cynthia's knowledge and experience, coupled with her supportive style was exactly what I needed to create a safe space to explore my life story.
I highly recommend Cynthia and the Time Alchemy program for other writers navigating this delicate terrain!
Cynthia is the type of person a writer wants in their corner.
Her approach is so simple, yet profound. She's incredibly supportive and holds space for your process while also keeping you focused to meet your goals. She was supportive and non-judgmental, helping me to process the blocks that prevent me from writing regularly. She helped me clarify the importance of writing in my life and her focus on actionable steps that I could take made it easy to follow through on my commitment.
I'm a mom with 3 kids under 5. Cynthia was very understanding of the demands and limitations on my time right now. She gave me accountability to make my own writing a priority, encouragement, and permission to be flexible in my writing schedule –the point is not to set a firm schedule and never deviate. The point is to set an intention to make my own writing as important as the writing and needs of others.
As a result of working with Cynthia I have finished some anthology work, and dusted off my book project.
The more I read the things I write and the more I talk to people about my perspective on writing and editing, the more I realize that my unique gifts and viewpoint are needed NOW.
There was something magical about talking with Cynthia because it gave me permission to write "my own stuff" with the same degree of devotion and seriousness as I treat others' projects.
I'm planning 3-4 mini-writing retreats monthly to keep me on track and to allow for deeper focus–and making up for sometimes-scattered weeks. I've had to be more flexible than is ideal with my writing hour, but the main thing for me right now is that I HAVE writing time that's mine. So thank you Cynthia for being the catalyst.
Not only did Cynthia help me carve out 28 extra hours of writing time in the upcoming month, she also gave me fresh tips I hadn't heard before for supporting my new writing habit. She was both supportive and professional, and her kindness and understanding was such a comfort to me. She truly understands what it's like to be both passionate about writing and terrified of writing, and she knows how to make "showing up" easier. I'm so pleased with our session, and am excited to jump into my schedule next week!


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Voice Lab: Songs of being as embodied philosophical inquiry
BRENNAND, John - THESIS_nosignature.pdf - Submitted Version (1MB) | Preview
Brennand, John (2017) Voice Lab: Songs of being as embodied philosophical inquiry. PhD thesis, Victoria University.
This PhD by Creative Project consists of three distinct but interwoven parts – the development and investigation of a wordless vocal performance practice with volunteer participants, a culminating performance 'product' which creatively documents, elucidates and illuminates the investigation, and a written exegesis which contextualises and complements the investigation and culminating production. The project sets out to cultivate an original voice practice and performance practice philosophy through an innovative re-interpretation and application of established practices and ideas. I locate the core generating propositions of the project in three recurring themes derived from the articulations and artistic life of Joseph Beuys (1921-1986), around the potential of every person as artist, the notion of artist as shaman, and the notion of creativity sourced at its spring point. I both concur with and diverge from Beuys through these themes in the cultivation of a practice and practicing philosophy that speaks of my desire to acknowledge and engage with the invisible yet emergent forces inherently available in inspiration, emotion, instinct, intuition, and perception, as implicit in the multi-resonant possibilities of voice, and as material for art practice and creative agency. The research project proposes that this immersive experiential performance practice can provide creative methods that broaden the constituents of knowing via the expansion of each individual's perceptual and expressive palette, in relational creative engagement. The thesis is conducted through, for, and into, performance as art practice and generative method, as process and outcome via a practice led research methodology. The performance practice explored in the project is the primary site of embodied knowledge production. The practice drew upon, synthesized, and developed from a very broad range of established body, perceptual, meditative and theatrical voice and breath-based practices. This includes influences and melding of practices from Ilse Middendorf (Perceptible Breath), Paul Newham (Voice Movement Therapy), Karlheinz Stockhausen (Composition "Stimmung"), Yoga (Prana and Nada), Chi gong, voice for actor training of Zygmunt Molik and of Michael Chekhov, the extended voice work of Linda Wise, and includes methods that have evolved from my own dedicated practice over several decades. The complementary exegesis performs as a map of the evolution, contextualization, and imbrication of the practice towards performance and performance philosophy, and comprises 30% of the overall creative project. The exegesis will be provided to examiners immediately following the performance. The creative component of the thesis comprises 70% of the project and included conducting voice workshops with two groups of volunteer participants from Melbourne and Adelaide spanning a period of one year. The heart of the creative project involved conducting intensive monthly four-hour workshops with participants in two groups - one in Adelaide, one in Melbourne - over a period of one year. These workshops evolved through the process of applying, and building upon, techniques drawn from the practices listed above, and included reflective journaling. This workshop process was followed by a systematic collection of individual improvised vocal recordings, and interview/conversational recordings from participants over a further four months. The journals were exclusively used as a resource for the participants own reflections, which they were able to access and review during the audio recording process. At the end of the recording phase of the project I asked the participants to fill out a questionnaire regarding their personal experience with the practice and the project. The intention of the questionnaire was to provide reflective space and bring to the surface any additional insights and reflections regarding the participants' experiences. This information is integrated to the exegetical writing regarding the experiences of the participants in "Participants' Experiences and Insights" (p. 82) and provided in full in Appendix (p. 103). The culminating multi-modal performance uses audio recordings from the participants' engagement in wordless improvisation collaged with recordings of interviews with the participants about the effects and affects of the practice. The multi modal performance of orchestrated pre-recorded audio, visual projection and live solo performance is a creative documentation and applied extension of the practical philosophies cultivated in the project. The performance itself is designed to provide reflective space for the audience to have individual generative subjective responses, in alignment with and as an extension of Beuys' notional potential of 'everyone as artist' and as an extension of the project's intention toward inviting subjective perceptual agency. The development of the performance draws propositional dialogic ground from the work and ideas of artist Susan Hillier and her notion of 'Voice as body', which suggests that the 'truth' of the body is found in the voice as non-representational extension of the body as opposed to body represented by image. I also propose a multi-sensory embodied perceptual reading of the performance by drawing alliance and constructively imbricating Maurice Merleau–Ponty's assertions on synaesthesia as performative philosophical ground. The thesis questions the ingrained and pervasive logocentric world-view that prioritizes the rational and seen over the invisible but perceivable felt. Instead of the Cartesian dictum of "I think therefore I am", as a practice based researcher I suggest a notion of resonant embodiment that shifts and broadens the locus of self and knowing, proposing a more relational dictum of "I resonate therefore I am in 4 active concert with all that is becoming". This project creatively addresses the knowledge gap inherent in dominant scientific academic epistemologies arrived at through verbal argument and deduction, by focusing on the acquisition of wordless tacit generative 'living' knowledge evoked through engaging experiential emergent and creative endeavour, to discover 'what works', while inviting insightful rhizomatic perspective, and asserting multiple ways of 'knowing'. This project, through both the performance and exegetic components, suggests that engaging in the experiential process specific to this performance practice offers transformative meta-value for those that participate, and is analogous to and builds upon Beuys' notion of the expanded concept and function of art to enliven individual and interconnected creative capacity.
Doctor of Philosophy (by Creative project)
Subjects Historical > FOR Classification > 1904 Performing Arts and Creative Writing
Historical > Faculty/School/Research Centre/Department > College of Arts
Keywords artist, creativity, Joseph Beuys, performance practice, performative art practice, voice practice

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Golden Turtle Farm for booking Tele : +91-9810002772, 9910002772.
As a part of our expansion plan we have acquired 'Golden Turtle Farm' near Manesar, Haryana. Spread in 2 acres of land, Golden Turtle farm is a multi - purpose destination for individuals as well as corporates. It is a home away from home for individuals looking for a weekend getaway. The farm is also a complete offsite destination as we offer in house facilities for all kinds of corporate events, offsites, trainings and parties. It is also suitable for birthday, engagement and wedding celebrations.
Projects, deadlines, traffic, family responsibilities, …pulling you in all different directions? Come de-stress in our Golden Turtle Farm getaway. 45 minutes from Gurgaon off NH-8, our farmhouse is set in 2 acres of beautifully landscaped land. Ethnic décor with all the modern comforts, this quiet getaway is just what the doctor ordered! Six comfortable rooms, a book nook, a TV/DVD lounge, balconies and patios make this ideal for a quick family retreat, or a small corporate brainstorming session, or catching up with busy friends, or jamming with buddies! Our farm offers a swimming pool, a putting green, a small soccer field, and the cuisine is from the owner's own kitchen.
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Stay in our Farmhouse set in 2 acres of beautifully landscaped land,This quite getaway with an ethnic décor and modern comforts offers comfortable rooms,a book nook, a TV/DVD lounge, balconies and patios,a swimming pool , a putting green, a small soccer field , Table tennis and the cuisine ………….. Is from the farms own kitchen.
Golden Turtle Farm is not just a beautiful place to stay at. In addition to all the usual high quality amenities for your stay and events, there is a large Swimming Pool, Golf Putting Green, Pool Table, Table Tennis, Carrom, an in-house library, movies, board games etc.
Valid From 01st Oct 2017 to 31st Mar, 2018.
Day Picnics Package (Minimum 12 Adults).
Rs.650/- per kid (6 to 12 years).
Includes: Welcome drink on arrival. Tea/Coffee with sandwiches. Veg / Non Veg Lunch in standard buffet arrangement. Hi-Tea / Coffee with Pakoras.
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Includes: Welcome drink on arrival. Veg / Non Veg lunch and Dinner is standard buffet arrangement. Evening Tea / Coffee with Pakoras, Morning Tea / Coffee with cookies, Buffet Breakfast.


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Barcelona confirm Carrasco clause as part of Memphis transfer
SoccerNews in La Liga 20 Jan 2023
Barcelona have confirmed they have the option to purchase Yannick Carrasco as part of the deal that saw Memphis Depay join Atletico Madrid.
Atleti announced the signing of Depay on Friday on a two-and-a-half-year deal after Diego Simeone's side agreed to pay Barca €3million up front with a possible €1m in add-ons.
LaLiga leaders Barca included a non-compulsory purchase option for Atletico winger Carrasco, who is in his seventh season as an Atleti player, either side of a short stint in China.
Reports from Spain suggest Barcelona will have to hand over €20m should they wish to sign the 29-year-old Belgium international.
Carrasco has played in 23 of Atletico's 26 games this season, 15 of those starts, and has the fifth-most goal involvements with five – four goals of his own and one assist.
Atleti have already allowed Joao Felix to join Chelsea on loan for the rest of the season during the January transfer window, while Matheus Cunha made the switch to Wolves.
FC Barcelona and Club Atlético de Madrid have reached an agreement on the transfer of Memphis Depay
— FC Barcelona (@FCBarcelona) January 20, 2023


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Above the Law's KMG dies
Home » Hip Hop News » Above the Law's KMG dies
Big Sean seen with Kanye West, in Los Angeles, months after West said signing Sean to G.O.O.D. Music was worst thing he'd done
Tyrese celebrates 43rd birthday, says he is working on a new album, and he isn't aging [VIDEO]
50 Cent ft. Lil Durk and Jeremih – "Power Powder Respect" [VIDEO]
Kanye West being investigated for battery, in Los Angeles, as he allegedly punched a fan [VIDEO]
Rightfully so, Eazy-E, NWA, and Ruthless Records are credited for putting West Coast hip hop on the map. However, there were several other figures who helped solidify the Los Angeles hip hop scene. Many of these other players also found themselves on the Ruthless roster, even after the departures of Ice Cube and Dr. Dre.
Above the Law was a group, comparable to NWA, which also provided a number of hits off two gold-selling albums for Ruthless Records. After the death of Eazy-E, which was the effective end of the Ruthless label, Above the Law moved on. Other labels the group called home included all-time Ruthless rival, Death Row Records, and Tommy Boy Records.
KMG rose to fame alongside the other members of Above the Law. Over the years, however, the crew has been overlooked. Yesterday, however, the spotlight returned to them with news of the death of KMG. Though the cause of his death has yet to be revealed, he will truly be missed as he was a pivotal player during an important period in hip hop history.
Related Topics:above the law, death row records, dr. dre, eazy-e, ice cube, kmg, los angeles, los angeles hip hop, nwa, ruthless records, tommy boy records, west coast hip hop
No Malice talks popularity of new book, religion, and "Hear Ye Him" album [VIDEO]
DJ YRS Jerzy and J Paq at "Poppin' Bottles" video shoot [PHOTO]


So you've heard the buzz: you need to be present in the digital space in order to stay relevant and generate leads, and now you are looking to hire a digital marketer.
As a digital marketer, I have noticed a recent trend in the workforce. On one hand, digital marketers are highly in demand, and on the other, we are highly misunderstood. It seems that everybody is racing to hire somebody to keep their business relevant on social media, yet few recruiters know precisely who (or what) they are looking for in an applicant.
These seven tips are designed to make your digital marketer hiring process quick and painless and to bring you the best return on your investment.
1. Understand the difference between a marketing expert and a media expert.
Simply put, media is about creating and marketing is about analyzing. Media experts will create promotional materials to send into the digital space and marketers will analyze the data signifying whether these materials had any real benefit. Although top candidates will possess skills in both, these candidates will typically come with a much higher price tag.
2. Personal social media accounts matter.
Many professionals actively censor their personal social media accounts for fear that potential employers might search them and be turned off by what they find. Good social marketers understand this, but take it one step further: instead of censoring their social media accounts, they curate them. They have thriving accounts on multiple channels, filled with thoughtful posts and a high level of community engagement. They want you to find these channels so that you can see that they are already an experienced expert in the social space.
If you are deciding between two candidates and one has 1,000 Facebook friends with 10 plus likes per post, and the other has 200 friends and only posts once a month, your decision is pretty easy — isn't it?
3. Hire a candidate who is memorable.
There was an excellent article posted about this recently. Good marketing copy is memorable — it makes an impression on the viewer. Good marketers will make an impression on you with their personality and public conduct. It might be a way of dressing, a way of speaking, a unique set of mannerisms and body language or something even more nuanced and subtle. Whatever it is, if a candidate makes an impression on you so that they stick out in your mind after all your interviewees have left, they are probably a good option.
4. Hire somebody who can write.
Digital marketing involves a lot of writing and, in terms of the marketing battlefield, digital marketers are on the front line. Although certain skills in the marketer's repertoire can be learned, writing is something that should come naturally. Hire a digital marketer who is capable of quickly producing thoughtful, engaging, bulletproof copy that they can safely distribute to the public at their discretion.
5. Ask them what they love to do.
This is true for most professions, but for digital marketers it is especially important. Digital marketers must be actively engaged online with a high level of energy and excitement for what they do — this excitement is what breeds compelling marketing copy. They need to be enthusiastic, willing to take risks and able to embrace change. They need to be braced for failure and be dynamic enough to turn every failure into a new success. If your digital marketer isn't in love with the important aspects of their job — reading, writing, learning, analyzing and experimenting — these traits just will not rise to the surface.
6. Understand what you are hiring them to do.
Are you looking for a graphic designer, a web developer, a blogger, an analytics expert or a community manager? Despite what many recruiters seem to believe, these are mutually exclusive and valuable skill sets. You can't just hire an Internet savvy university graduate and expect them to act as a one-person digital marketing department. Hire somebody to perform a specific, predefined set of duties and be prepared to offer them support with the rest.
For example, I learned early in my career to make it abundantly clear in job interviews that I enjoy reading and writing and am best suited to do these things. I've worked as a jack-of-all-trades before, and it's exhausting. In my most recent interview with Lone Wolf Real Estate Technologies my manager took my concerns seriously and ensured me that I would have access to resources such as graphics, videos, photos etc., so that I could focus on doing what I do best. Needless to say, as I sit here writing this article, I am enjoying my job very much.
7. Make them work for it.
There was a great article posted recently on Inman about this topic. You've narrowed your job search down to a few candidates who fulfilled all of the requirements above. They are all enthusiastic and memorable, with great portfolios and strong writing ability — you've got a tough decision to make. Now it's time to challenge them.
Ask each candidate to create a free account on Instapage and mock up a landing page specifying why they would make an excellent employee, or have them open a free WordPress.com site and publish a blog post detailing why you should hire them. The ideal candidate will do a great job, and they will do it quickly, and hiring them will be a no-brainer.
Patrick manages the Lone Wolf Real Estate Technologies Blog. He is interested in empowering real estate professionals with dynamic content marketing strategies and recipes for personal success.


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Theodor V. Ionescu, né en Roumanie en 1899 et décédé en 1988, a fait des découvertes en physique des plasmas, de la ionosphère et de l'effet Zeeman.

En 1936, il obtient un brevet pour des images en relief au cinéma et à la télévision.

En 1946, avec un autre physicien roumain, il a inventé et construit une installation avec laquelle il a obtenu la première émission stimulée, de type maser (amplificateur quantique de micro-ondes), précurseur du maser inventé en 1954.

Il est mort le  à Bucarest.

Liens externes

Physicien roumain du XXe siècle
Naissance en février 1899
Décès en novembre 1988
Décès à 89 ans

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


2B: Was 1, A. Eaton (4). NYY 2, A. Judge (14), G. Bird (4).
HR: Was 2, J. Soto 2 (5). NYY 2, G. Bird (3), G. Torres (12).
HR Detail: Was, J. Soto (Inning: 4 , 2 Out, 2 on) off S. Gray, Was, J. Soto (Inning: 7 , 1 Out, 0 on) off C. Shreve. NYY, G. Bird (Inning: 2 , 1 Out, 0 on) off E. Fedde, NYY, G. Torres (Inning: 5 , 0 Out, 0 on) off E. Fedde.
Scoring Position: Was - 2 for 5.NYY - 1 for 7.
SF: Was 1, A. Rendon (1). NYY 1, A. Judge (1).
Errors: Was 1, S. Kieboom (1).
Double Plays: NYY 1, (Torres to Gregorius).
Stolen Bases: Was 1, T. Turner (19). NYY 1, B. Gardner (7).
Caught Stealing: Was 1, M. Taylor (4). NYY 1, D. Gregorius (4).
Wild Pitches: Was 1, S. Solís.


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The ideal goal of every shooter is to achieve a one-shot kill. For those shooters who only concentrate on paper targets, their ideal goal is to hit the target exactly where they intended to hit. The chances of achieving the ideal goal are greatly enhanced when shooters choose to mount and use scopes on their firearms. The question then becomes, should they do away with traditional lenses to focus an image or should they try a newer alternative? Read on to discover the answer to the question 'What is a prism scope'?
What Is a Prism Scope?
What Is a Traditional Multi-Lens Scope?
How Does a Prism Scope Work?
Advantages of a Prism Scope
Is a Prism Scope the Best Option?
A prism scope is an aiming device that uses a prism to focus an image coming through the scope rather than the series of lenses used in a traditional scope. Prism scopes are usually more compact and limited to the lower range magnifications between 1X and 5X. Size and lower magnification range makes them ideal for tactical rifles such as AR-15s. They often serve as alternatives to other short-range optics, such as red dot sights.
The best way to answer the question 'What is a prism scope?' is by breaking down the basic concept of a prism scope and comparing and contrasting it to a traditional multi-lens scope. The advantages of doing away with traditional lenses to focus an image by utilizing a prism scope can then be discussed.
What Is a Prism?
Those of you sharpshooters out there that can already answer the question 'what is a prism scope?' may need to take a break while we begin at the beginning. In geometry, a prism is a figure that has two similar, equal end-faces, parallel rectilinear figures and parallelogram sides. For this discussion, a prism is a glass or other transparent object the shape of a triangular prism with refracting surfaces at acute angles to each other so that white light is separated into a spectrum of colors.
In order to answer the question 'what is a prism scope?' we need to compare it to the traditional multi lens scope.
A traditional rifle scope is similar to a miniature telescope. A series of lenses within the tube or body of the scope focuses light in a specific location. The lens closest to the end of the barrel is called the objective lens. The lens closest to the shooter is called the ocular lens. The purpose of the objective lens is to transmit light back to the ocular lens. The ocular lens magnifies the light from the focal point.
Reticles
When the shooter looks through the ocular lens, the light illuminates the focal point of the target. Rifle scopes also have reticles, which are also called the crosshairs. These are markers inside the scope that show the shooter where the shot will go (hopefully) once the trigger is pulled.
Magnification
Magnification is measured in X times your vision. When the scope is set to 5X, the image that is viewed will appear five times larger than when viewed without the scope. Most manufacturers set their rifle scopes so that they are focused at 100 yards. This means that the target should be clear when seen through the scope 100 yards away. Errors can occur with magnification.
Eye Relief
Eye relief refers to the distance between the scope and the user's eye such that a full picture is visualized. The distance between the eye and the scope must be far enough so that when the rifle recoils after firing, it doesn't send the scope back far enough to hit the eye; this is called "getting scoped."
Parallax Issues
Parallax refers to a displacement or alteration in the apparent position of an object when viewed along two different lines of sight, as measured by the angle of inclination between those two lines. This means that nearby objects show a larger displacement or parallax than farther objects when observed from different positions.
Focal Plane
In terms of shooting, the focal plane of the target in the scope is offset from the reticle or crosshairs, creating a change in position of the target when the user shifts their gaze. Parallax is usually negligible in low magnification. Tactical style scopes such as the prism scope commonly measure at 100 yards.
A prism scope works similarly to a traditional scope, but instead of lenses, a prism is used to focus the light. This creates a much more compact optic. Prism scopes usually have an etched reticle and an illuminated reticle.
Etched Reticle
An etched reticle is made of glass with laser incised marks called hashmarks and bullet drop compensators. Etched glass tends to be more precise, because it allows for the customization of hashmarks and bullet drop compensators, and are much more durable than wire reticles.
Illuminated Reticle
An illuminated reticle shows a red or green light point. It uses light to illuminate the point of focus. This enhances accuracy in low light and at night.
image source: unsplash
Prism scopes are limited to lower range magnifications, typically from 1X to 5X. As previously mentioned, the compact size and lower magnification makes them suitable for tactical rifles such as the AR-15s. They are preferred by many shooters as an alternative to other short-range optic devices.
A prism scope provides a brighter, crisper and sharper image. This makes the acquisition of a target quicker. The prism is compact and lightweight.
A prism scope allows for magnification, giving the shooter a larger site picture and extending the effective range, when compared to a red dot site. Magnification with a prism site is low when compared to a traditional scope.
Illumination
The illuminated and etched reticles give the shooter what they need to achieve their goal of achieving a one-shot kill. The etched reticle does not require batteries or fiber optics to be viewed.
Prism sites need to be aligned with the eye and set at a certain distance away in order to obtain a clear image. In terms of eye relief, a prism scope has a relatively shorter distance. Unless the shooter requires extra long eye relief, this is an ideal situation.
Diopters
A diopter is a small dial or knob that allows the user to adjust the sharpness to match their own eyesight. This feature is a godsend for people with astigmatism or other eyesight deficits that make other scope types useless. Shooters who apply excessive diopter change usually experience more parallax issues.
Specificatunsplashions
image source: Freepik
Part of discovering what a prism scope is includes determining the specifications. Since there are different types and brands of prism scopes, we randomly selected one to describe. The specifications for prism scopes include more details than discussed here. This means that due diligence and adequate research will be required to decide which prism scope is ideal for any given person:
Battery Type = CR2032 3V Lithium Coin
Brand = Primary Arms
Click Value = 1 /2 MOA
Eye Relief = 3.70 in
Field View =1 0076.30 ft
Illuminated = Illuminated
Magnification = 1X
Manufacturer = Primary Arms
Night Vision Compatible = Non-Compatible
Reticle = ACSS Cyclops
Total Elevation Adjustment = 50 MOA
Total Windage Adjustment = 50 MOA
Turret Features = Capped Turrets, Tool Adjustable
Type = Fixed Magnification
Weight = 9.7 Oz
image source:pexels
Depending on your needs, you may not want to do away with traditional lenses to focus an image. That is because a prism scope has benefits and drawbacks, once again depending on the user's needs. A prism scope is an aiming device that uses a glass prism to focus an image coming through the scope, rather than a series of lenses.
Prism scopes are limited to lower ranges of magnification; between 1X and 5X. This means that prism scopes are indicated for use to acquire targets that are at the short to medium range. Prism scopes are ideal for tactical weapons intended for use at close to medium ranges, for example between 25 and 50 yards.
The Goldilocks Range
Scopes that have too much magnification at close range will take time to visually acquire the target. Scopes that have too little magnification at longer ranges will fail to achieve a one-shot kill. The best advice that can be given about a prism scope is to practice. Learning to use your preferred scope in synchrony with the weapon it is attached to is the only way to determine the perfect range for you, in terms of your intended target.
Bigger Is Not Better
Out there in the world of social media, advertising and male competitiveness, it's tempting to buy more magnification than necessary. Certainly, there are some very sexy and very high-powered, multi functional scopes out there to seduce the shooter, but just as you would not show up at a gunfight with nothing but a paring knife, shooters do not want to be in a situation where their choice of scope could result in a failure to achieve a one-shot kill or even a failure to save their life.


text:
Q: Convert array from spreadsheet into associative array with header row as keys I've been having difficulty visualizing how to return a specific array pattern from my extracted array from the spreadsheet table. You may refer to the extracted arrays below.
Here are the extracted arrays from my spreadsheet table
Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [0] => Order Number
            [1] => Status
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [0] => 1111
            [1] => Shipped
        )

    [2] => Array
        (
            [0] => 2222
            [1] => For Veri
        )

    [3] => Array
        (
            [0] => 3333
            [1] => Delivered
        )

    [4] => Array
        (
            [0] => 4444
            [1] => Problematic
        )

    [5] => Array
        (
            [0] => 5555
            [1] => Onhold
        )

)

I would like for the array to be returned as below:
 Array(
      [1111] => Array
         {
          [Order Number] => 1111
          [Status] => Delivered
          }
       [2222] => Array
         {
          [Order Number] => 2222
          [Status] => Delivered
          }
     )

Would like to confirm if the array_combine function would work on this? Any help would be greatly appreciated.
Edit: This has been resolved thanks to
Markus AO. Had to make some tweaks with the provided snippets and was able to get the expected result.
 //$retrieveArray = extracted arrays from the spreadsheet table.
        $index = null;
        $keys = array_shift($retrieveArray);

        //to declare new set of array
        $named = [];

        // to loop the remaining array
        foreach($retrieveArray as $ln => $vals) {
            $key = !is_null($index) ? $vals[$index] : $ln;
            $named[$key] = array_combine($keys, $vals);
        }

echo "<pre>";
print_r($named);
echo "</pre>";

Updated Output:
Array
(
    [0] => Array
        (
            [Order Number] => 1111
            [Status] => Shipped
        )

    [1] => Array
        (
            [Order Number] => 2222
            [Status] => For Veri
        )

    [2] => Array
        (
            [Order Number] => 3333
            [Status] => Delivered
        )

    [3] => Array
        (
            [Order Number] => 4444
            [Status] => Problematic
        )

    [4] => Array
        (
            [Order Number] => 5555
            [Status] => Onhold
        )

)

Thanks!

A: This is a common issue with spreadsheets and CSV data imported into arrays: The keys become the first array member. It's easy enough to rebuild into an associative array. All we need is to shift the keys off the first row, and then combine them with all remaining values. As follows:
function named_keys(array $array, ?int $index = null): array
{
    // Shift the keys from the first row:
    $keys = array_shift($array);

    $named = [];
    // Loop and build remaining rows into a new array:

    foreach($array as $ln => $vals) {

        // Using specific index or row numbers?
        $key = !is_null($index) ? $vals[$index] : $ln;

        // Combine keys and values:
        $named[$key] = array_combine($keys, $vals);
    }

    return $named;
}

First argument $array is the source array itself. Second argument $index (optional) is the index (numeric) for the value that should be used as the index of the resulting array. If none, row numbers from source array (starting from 1) are used. Works as follows:
$raw = [['a', 'b'], [111,'foo'], [333,'bar'], [555,'nix']];

$named = named_keys($raw, 0);

/* // results in:

array(3) {
    [111] · array(2) {
        ["a"] · int(111)
        ["b"] · string(3) "foo"
    }
    [333] · array(2) {
        ["a"] · int(333)
        ["b"] · string(3) "bar"
    }
    [555] · array(2) {
        ["a"] · int(555)
        ["b"] · string(3) "nix"
    }
} */

*

*Source at BitBucket

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


OKLAHOMA – For another consecutive year, Crowe & Dunlevy ranked among the top five "highly recommended" Oklahoma law firms in the 2019 rankings by Benchmark Litigation, a national peer-review publication that researches and ranks the leading litigation law firms and attorneys in North America. The publication also designated the firm as "recommended" in the newly added Labor and Employment – Oklahoma practice area.
Nineteen Crowe & Dunlevy attorneys received honors from the publication in 2019, including 11 named Local Litigation Stars, four named Future Stars and four named Labor & Employment Stars – South. Additionally, Christopher M. Staine and Evan G.E. Vincent were named to the publication's 40 & Under Hot List. Overall, honors span across more than 20 practice groups and areas of legal service.
*Crowe & Dunlevy has no input in the rating methodologies used by Benchmark Litigation.


First and foremost objective is to serve our clients with the exceptional customer service. We own a fleet of the industry's high-end and very reputable automobile companies. Our staff is a group of qualified professionals in the car rental business with several years of expertise. We excel in our service and will surpass your rental expectations. Our service is delivered with reliability and your satisfaction is always our goal.
Skyward Luxury Car Rentals is a company dedicated to provide our clients with their auto rental needs and going above and beyond making their rental experience unique. We offer both luxury and everyday cars where we cater to social and private rentals as well as insurance replacement vehicles.Our vehicles consist of Compact, Midsize, and Full Size vehicles, SUV's, Mini-Vans and Luxury cars. Our fleet is one of the best in the market with admirable luxury cars in the lineup. All our rentals come with 24-hours roadside assistance. Check Our Fleet for details.
We offer great rates and discounts on short-term and long-term rentals. We provide custom rates to our corporate clients who choose to sign up for our corporate account packages, which best suits their business needs. Our customer pick-up and drop-off service is in place to add to your conveninece within our location areas. Some restrictions may apply.
An Ontario car dealer, who has been in the auto industry since 1986, founded Skyward Luxury Car Rentals. His vision was based on the demands of those clients who look for reliable and affordable luxury cars for rental.
The luxury car rental market has been under-served for several years and our effort is to fill this void in the growing market. To achieve the best results, in addition to hiring the best staff, we are using cutting edge technology for our car rental bookings, not only at our facility but also online. Bookings can also be made through our website. Our booking portal has been custom-designed and the payment processing is done with industry leading security in place.
Contact us today by phone, email, or in person by visiting us at our location for your luxury car rental needs.
At Skyward Luxury Car Rentals, our customers are our primary focus. We are satisfied when you are satisfied.
Skyward Luxury Car Rentals looks forward to serving you.


text:
Romeoville school raises nearly $4,000 to 'Scare Away Cancer'
By The Herald-News Jan. 14, 2020
Photo provided
Skoff Elementary School in Romeoville recently raised nearly $4,000 to "Scare Away Cancer." by selling T-shirts for $10. Skoff physical education teachers David Haskins and Christine Wright organized the event with the help of the Skoff school community.
On a recent Saturday morning, Skoff Elementary School students, parents, and staff gathered to "Scare Away Cancer" and raise money to donate to organizations dedicated to the fight against childhood cancer.
Participants in the event collected pledges for the Scare Away Cancer Walk and sold "Scare Away Cancer" T-shirts for a donation of $10.
Skoff physical education teachers David Haskins and Christine Wright organized the event with the help of the Skoff school community.
In-school food pantry opens at Romeoville school
Valley View schools in Bolingbrook and Romeoville use food to build community
The total amount raised was $3,922 with $2,000 donated to St. Jude Children's Hospital and the remainder to local organizations.
For more local news, visit The Herald-News at https://www.theherald-news.com.
Woodstock School District 200 opens preschool tuition application, registration for 2020-21
McHenry County hit by up to 5 inches of snow, plummeting temperatures to follow
DuPage Children's Museum in Naperville reimagines spaces for youngest learners
Mendota police chase man on foot
Sen. Richard Durbin says impeachment trial should be a fair, "real trial"
Delnor to host seminar on identifying, protecting victims of child abuse
McHenry County 3:41 pm
DuPage County 3:23 pm
Rough night on the roads Friday
News 12:48 pm
News Tribune 12:46 pm
Bureau County
Grundy County
LaSalle County
Ogle County
Whiteside County
© 2020 Shaw Media Illinois


text:
Q: How to Custom Authorization from database Normally use authorization settings to interact with the roles.
<location path="Register.aspx">
  <system.web>
    <authorization>
      <allow roles="Administrator"/>
      <deny users="?"/>
    </authorization>
  </system.web>
</location>

But I would like to have this setup in the database in a table
tblAuthorization
-IdAuthorization (Identy(1,1))
-IdCompany=5
-IdRol=5 (Administrator")
-Path="Register.aspx"

Is there a setting for a class to do this? There is something like Profile, RoleProvider ..
<roleManager enabled="true"  defaultProvider="MyAccessRolProvider">
   <providers>
      <clear />
      <add name="MyAccessRolProvider" type="MyAccessRolProvider" connectionStringName="MyConnectionString" applicationName="/" />
      <add name="AspNetWindowsTokenRoleProvider" type="System.Web.Security.WindowsTokenRoleProvider" applicationName="/" />
   </providers>
</roleManager>

Right now the only I think that can to implement a validation in the Page_Load event
And if it is invalid making a Redirect but I would do a little more "Professional"
protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
   if (!IsPostBack)
   {
      if(!ValidateAuthorization())
      {
          Response.Redirect("Login.aspx");
      }
   }
}

Could help me with examples?
Thank you very much in advance

A: Your best bet is to implement a custom RoleProvider - you seem to be heading in this direction as your question includes a configuration section with a custom RoleProvider (MyAccessRolProvider).
You need to specify the fully-qualified name of your RoleProvider, e.g. MyNamespace.MyAccessRoleProvider, MyAssembly.
MSDN describes how to do this, including a sample implementation.

A: There is no out of the box support for this as far as I know however I would suggest you implement something as follows:
Create a new class that derives from AuthorizeAttribute, add an ID property and override the "AuthorizeCore" method.
  public class CustomAutorizeAttribute : AuthorizeAttribute
        {
            public Guid ActionId { get; set; }

            protected override bool AuthorizeCore(HttpContextBase httpContext)
            {
                //Check user has access to action with ID = ActionId
                //implementation omitted
            }
        }

You can add a new database table to hold on the Actions and their associated ID values. You can either add the record to the table manually or write some code to do this using reflection (I would advise this if you have quite a few actions and are likely to add more in the future).
Once this is done you can assign users or application roles access to these actions.
In you custom Authorize attribute you have to check whether the user has access to the given action returning true or false accordingly from the AuthorizeCore method.
I would advise grabbing a collection of all actions a user has access to when a user logs in and storing them in either the server cache or some kind of distributed cache so that you aren't hitting your database on every request.
UPDATE - Sorry just realised you're using ASP.NET Forms and not MVC. My approach is for an MVC application so its probably not relevant although I'll leave it up here in case any MVC developers happen to stumble across your question.

A: With the understanding that you are taking about authorization at the page level you could add a HTTP module (IHttpModule) and use your module to do the authorization checking.  If the authorization failed then you could redirect as appropriate.
Something like this might work:
public class MyAuthorizationModule : IHttpModule
{

    public void Init(HttpApplication application)
    {
        application.AuthorizeRequest += (new EventHandler(AuthorizeRequest));
    }

    private void AuthorizeRequest(Object source, EventArgs e)
    {
        bool isAuthorized = //your code here to check page authorization

        if (!isAuthorized)
        {
            var response = //will need to get current response
            response.Redirect("Login.aspx", true);
        }
    }
}

Note: Don't forget you'll need to add the module to your web application.


text:
Sydney suburbs to swelter under climate change
by Cameron Jewell 9 July 2013 Updated 17 July 2014
9 July 2013 — A new report has found the temperature of Sydney suburbs could rise by up to 3.7°C by 2050 due to climate change and the urban heat island effect.
Researchers from the ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science found new urban developments, such as the many new estates on Sydney edges expected to house more than 100,000 residents, were prone to the greatest temperature increases.
"Interestingly, we found that overnight temperatures increased far more than temperatures during the day," said lead author Dr Daniel Argueso.
"This has implications for health problems related to heat stress accumulation and at an economic level where the higher energy consumption needed to power air conditioning overnight may lead to higher power bills."
The urban heat island effect occurs because urban structures can store more heat than undeveloped land. The heat is released during the night, leading to increased minimum temperatures. Urban surfaces also hinder evaporation and its cooling effect.
Read our story recent story on research from University of South Australia First-of-a-kind project to tackle urban heat island effect
The study, Temperature response to future urbanization and climate change, said that green spaces, trees and bodies of water were important design features for future development in the suburbs.
Changes to planning guidelines could ease the heat impact, said Dr Paul Osmond from the University of New South Wales Built Environment.
"Current research shows that along with other strategies green spaces, street trees and bodies of water can have a marked effect on reducing urban heat island effect," he said.
"Not only do these help keep suburbs cooler, there is also a knock-on effect where these places gain social advantages through additional amenities and recreational areas. Quite often, leafy suburbs that contain a number of parks and bodies of water also tend to see increased real estate values. It's a win-win situation for everyone."
The authors said that while the regions most affected would be new developments, existing developments would still see increased temperatures, and while the research was focused on Sydney, there were lessons for other Australian cities.
Dr Argueso said more work was needed to show the impacts of climate change and the urban heat island on cities.
"We need to develop a complete profile of temperature changes for different cities taking into account their various urban expansion prospects and locations," Dr Argueso said.
"With this information, we can provide an invaluable tool to help with the future development of Australian cities and the environment many of us live in."
Cool roads trial begins in Sydney
In "Engineering/Technology"
Western Sydney set to sweat without a low emissions transition
In "Urbanism"
Heatwave deaths predicted in State of Australian Cities report


text:
\section{Introduction}
The Sachdev--Ye--Kitaev (SYK) model~\cite{Sachdev-Ye:PRL1993, Kitaev1,Kitaev2,Sachdev:PhysRevX.5.041025} in which $N$ fermions have all-to-all $q$-fermion random couplings has been studied intensively in the last six years.
Though the Hamiltonian is very simple, this model exhibits rich physics and serves as an important toy model for quantum chaos and holography~\cite{Maldacena-Stanford:PhysRevD.94.106002,Trunin_2021,Chowdhury-Georges-Parcollet-Sachdev-2021,Bousso:2022ntt}.
It is also a good target for quantum simulation in the near future, which can be the first step toward laboratory experiments for quantum gravitational systems via holographic duality~\cite{Danshita:2016xbo,Franz:2018cqi}.
Moreover, the SYK model and its variants have been used in condensed matter as a candidate overarching theory to describe \emph{strange metals} (non-Fermi liquids) and their behavior~\cite{Sachdev:2010um,Song:2017pfw}.
Given the importance of the SYK model for understanding strongly-correlated and disordered systems, a natural question is: Can we simplify the model further while keeping the essential properties leading to its complex and rich physical behavior?
There are at least a few motivations to ask such a question, including: (i) we want to know which feature of SYK is important for chaos, and (ii) simpler models may admit simpler experimental realizations or quantum simulation protocols.

Simplifications that retain all the main features of the full, and more cumbersome to study, SYK model may come from thinking about the role of the $q$-fermion interactions.
Firstly, the all-to-all nature of the interaction may not be necessary; perhaps, some of the couplings can be turned off.
Such a sparse version of the SYK model was proposed and discussed in Refs.~\cite{xu2020sparse, garciagarcia2020sparse}.
The spectral form factor of the model has been studied in Ref.~\cite{Caceres-Misobuchi-Raz:2204.07194}.
Alternatively, one may relax the Gaussian condition on the random couplings.
The effect of non-Gaussian random couplings has been studied in Ref.~\cite{Krajewski_2019}.

In this paper, we propose a novel parsimonious version of the SYK model, the \textit{binary-coupling SYK model}.
We set many couplings to be zero as in the sparse SYK model, and set nonzero couplings to be binary, just $+1$ or $-1$.
\footnote{The idea to use binary couplings appeared as early as in \cite{Kitaev1}, though quantitative comparison between Gaussian and binary couplings has not been made to the best of the present authors' knowledge.}
We study the spectral statistics of the energy spectrum, including the gap ratio and the spectral form factor, which are crucial to determine the connection with random-matrix universality.
Our main result is that this model generates correlations in the spectrum more efficiently, in terms of the number of nonzero terms. Specifically, we observe a stronger spectral rigidity, or equivalently, a quicker onset of the random-matrix universality in the spectral form factor.

We present our results for the Majorana-fermion version of the SYK model with four-fermion couplings.
Other variants of the model have also been extensively studied in the literature, such as the complex fermion~\cite{Sachdev:PhysRevX.5.041025,Louw-Kehrein-PhysRevB.105.075117,Zanoci-Swingle-PhysRevB.105.235131}
(also known as the two-body random ensemble since 1970s~\cite{French1970,*Bohigas1971}),
bosonic~\cite{PhysRevResearch.2.033025},
large $S$ spin~\cite{PhysRevB.100.155128},
multiflavor fermions~\cite{Gross_2017},
supersymmetric~\cite{Fu:2016vas,Li_2017,PhysRevLett.124.244101,Gates_2021a,*Gates_2021b},
and nonhermitian versions~\cite{Garcia-Garcia:2021rle},
as well as the two-site~\cite{Maldacena:2018lmt,Jia-Rosa-Verbaarschot2022}
and lattice versions of the model~\cite{Berkooz:2016cvq,Gu_2017},
and SYK-like models with
Yukawa coupling~\cite{PhysRevB.103.195108},
and electron-phonon coupling~\cite{Esterlis_2019}.
Our approach may generalize to a large portion of such systems.
Because of the simplicity and good scaling with $N$, the use of the binary-coupling models should make simulations more tractable.

This paper is organized as follows.
In Sec.~\ref{sec:Model}, we define the model, discuss the choice of the sign of the coupling $\pm 1$, and explain that the number of possible realizations of the model is finite but very large.
In Sec.~\ref{sec:Results}, we present our numerical results based on exact diagonalization.
Then we summarize the paper.

\section{Model}\label{sec:Model}
The Hamiltonian of the Majorana-type SYK model with $q$-fermion interactions is written as
\begin{align}
    \mathcal{H}_{\mathrm{SYK}_q} = i^\frac{q}{2}\sum_{1\leq a_1 < \cdots < a_q\leq N}J_{a_1a_2\ldots a_q}\chi_{a_1}\chi_{a_2}\cdots\chi_{a_q},
\end{align}
in which a set of $N$ Majorana fermions $\chi_{1,2,\ldots,N}$ have the anticommutation relation
\begin{equation}
\{\chi_a,\chi_b\}\equiv \chi_a\chi_b + \chi_b\chi_a = 2\delta_{ab}, \label{eqn:MajoranaNormalization}
\end{equation}
and the $N_\mathrm{total}\equiv \begin{pmatrix}N\\q\end{pmatrix}$ couplings $\qty{J_{a_1a_2\ldots a_q}}$ obey the Gaussian distribution~\cite{Kitaev1,Kitaev2,Sachdev-Ye:PRL1993}.
We assume $q$ is even and $J_{a_1a_2\ldots a_q}$ is real.

The sparse SYK model \cite{xu2020sparse, garciagarcia2020sparse} is defined by setting $J_{a_1a_2\ldots a_q}$ to be zero at a probability $(1-p)$.
Then the number of couplings left nonzero is
\begin{align}
    \Kcpl\equiv p N_\mathrm{total}.
\end{align}
Let us call this model the \textit{Gaussian sparse SYK model}, to distinguish it from the model we propose below.
Typically, the number of nonzero couplings is chosen to be $\Kcpl=\mathcal{O}(N)$.
Let us also call the original model that corresponds to $p=1$ as the \textit{Gaussian dense SYK model}.

In the following, we present our proposal for the $q=4$ case for brevity. Generalization to $q\geq6$ is straightforward.
Here we study the Hamiltonian
\begin{align}
\mathcal{H} = C_{N,p} \sum_{(a,b,c,d)}J_{abcd}\chi_a\chi_b\chi_c\chi_d,
\label{eqn:SYK}
\end{align}
in which the summation is understood to be over choices of $(a,b,c,d)$ such that $1\leq a < b < c < d\leq N$, and
$J_{abcd}$ is $+1$ with probability $p/2$, $-1$ with probability $p/2$, and $0$ with probability $(1-p)$.
The normalization constant $C_{N,p}$ will be explained shortly.
We call this model the \textit{binary-coupling sparse SYK model} because nonzero couplings take only two values.
We can simplify the model further and define the \textit{unary-coupling sparse SYK model} by taking $J_{abcd}$ as $+1$ with probability $p$ and as $0$ with probability $(1-p)$.
We will discuss the unary-coupling model in Section~\ref{sec:all+1} of the Supplemental Material.

In the main text, we will focus on the binary-coupling model.
We assume $\Kcpl$ is even.
Rather than generating the value of each $J_{abcd}$ independently of others for an ensemble of models having varying numbers of $+1$ and $-1$, we randomly choose $\Kcpl/2$ couplings to be set to $+1$ and randomly choose $\Kcpl/2$ couplings from the remainder to $-1$.
\subsection{Normalization constant $C_{N,p}$}
The overall scaling constant $C_{N,p}$ does not affect the spectral statistics.
In the following, $C_{N,p}$ is chosen so that the variance of the energy eigenvalues equals unity.
The sum of the square of the energy eigenvalues $\qty{\epsilon_j}$ of the $2^{N/2}$-dimensional Hamiltonian $\mathcal{H}$ is obtained as
\begin{align}
    \sum_j \epsilon_j^2=\Tr \mathcal{H}^2=C_{N,p}^2 2^{N/2}\sum_{(a,b,c,d)}J_{abcd}^2 .
\label{eqn:en-eig-sq}
\end{align}

Thus, when $J_{abcd} = \pm 1$ for $pN_\mathrm{total}$ choices of $(a,b,c,d)$, the variance of the $\qty{\epsilon_j}$ equals unity for $C_{N,p}=1/\sqrt{\Kcpl}$.
Note that in many other publications for dense SYK, including \cite{Cotler_2017}, the variance of $J_{abcd}$ scales as $N^{-3}$, and the normalization of the Majorana fermions is often half of \eqref{eqn:MajoranaNormalization}, so that the variance of $\qty{\epsilon_j}$ takes a different form, $(N-1)(N-2)(N-3)/(64N^2)\sim N$.
\subsection{The finiteness of the possible realizations}
There are infinitely many realizations of the Gaussian dense and sparse SYK models because there are infinitely many choices of disorder parameters.
On the other hand, there are only a finite number of realizations of the binary-coupling model at each fixed $N$.
Still, the rapid growth of $N_\mathrm{total}\sim N^4/4!$ as a function of $N$ allows us to generate a very large number of distinct models even for $N\sim 10$.
Practically, the finite size of the realization ensemble is not an issue.
\section{Spectral statistics}\label{sec:Results}
The Bohigas--Giannoni--Schmit conjecture~\cite{BGS_PhysRevLett.52.1} and later studies stated that, for quantum mechanical Hamiltonians corresponding to classical systems with chaotic behavior,
the spectral statistics of the energy eigenvalues obey that of a Random Matrix Theory (RMT) having the same symmetry of the Hamiltonian.
For Hamiltonians without any symmetry, the random matrix ensemble is the Gaussian unitary ensemble (GUE),
whereas when the anti-unitary time-reversal operator $T$ commutes with the Hamiltonian, the ensemble is the Gaussian orthogonal (resp., symplectic) ensemble, GOE (resp., GSE), if $T^2=1$ (resp., $-1$).
This has been extended to quantum systems without direct correspondence to classical systems.
The Gaussian dense and sparse SYK models exhibit excellent agreement with the RMT~\cite{Cotler_2017,Gharibyan_2018, garciagarcia2020sparse,Caceres-Misobuchi-Raz:2204.07194}, namely GOE for $N\equiv 0~\mathrm{mod}~8$, GUE for $N\equiv 2,6~\mathrm{mod}~8$, and GSE for $N\equiv 4~\mathrm{mod}~8$.
\begin{figure}
    \centering
    \includegraphics{leastdegenN14-30.pdf}
    \caption{The observed ratio of samples with least degeneracy within a parity sector (no degeneracy for $N\not\equiv4~\mathrm{mod}~8$, twofold degeneracy for $N\equiv4~\mathrm{mod}~8$), plotted against the number of nonzero couplings $\Kcpl$.
    Half of the couplings are positive and the rest are negative.
    The number of samples is chosen so that $2^{24}$ eigenvalues are used for analysis for each $(N, \Kcpl)$.
    }
    \label{fig:pm_Nm-degen-parity-single-plot}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}
    \centering
    \includegraphics{r-leastdegen-N14-30.pdf}
    \caption{The average of neighboring gap ratio between non-degenerate eigenvalues for samples with least degeneracy in Fig.~\ref{fig:pm_Nm-degen-parity-single-plot}, plotted against the number of nonzero couplings. ``GSE'', ``GUE'', ``GOE'', and ``Poisson'' indicate the values in Ref.~\cite{Atas2013-PhysRevLett.110.084101}.
    }
    \label{fig:pm_Nm-r-avg}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Extra degeneracy for smaller numbers of couplings}
In the Gaussian dense SYK model with $q=4$, the eigenvalues are
\begin{itemize}
    \item not degenerate in general for $N\equiv 0~\mathrm{mod}~8$.
    \item doubly degenerate due to the bijective map between the two parity sectors for $N\equiv 2, 6~\mathrm{mod}~8$.
    \item doubly degenerate within each parity sector, but not degenerate in general between the parity sectors for $N\equiv 4~\mathrm{mod}~8$.
\end{itemize}

With only a very small number of couplings, there may be extra degeneracy due to some accidental symmetries, as have been discussed for the Gaussian sparse SYK model~\cite{garciagarcia2020sparse}. Such accidental symmetries increase the degeneracy of some of the energy eigenvalues. Therefore, for small values of $\Kcpl$, high orders of degeneracy is observed. In some samples, all eigenvalues have the same higher degeneracy such as four. In other samples, the eigenvalues have varying orders of degeneracy within one sample. For $\Kcpl\gtrsim N$, the degeneracy is uniform within each sample and the order is a power of two. Still, extra degeneracy is observed for some samples. At sufficiently large $\Kcpl$, samples with extra degeneracy becomes rarer.
The probability of observing samples without extra degeneracy is plotted in Fig.~\ref{fig:pm_Nm-degen-parity-single-plot}.
While how the probability approaches unity depends on $N~\mathrm{mod}~8$, we observe that for $N=14, 16, \ldots, 30$, more than half of the samples are without extra degeneracy if the number of couplings $\Kcpl$ exceeds $N$.
\subsection{Comparison with Random Matrix Theory}
A standard criterion to establish quantum chaos is to confirm the random-matrix behavior of the energy spectrum.
Not surprisingly, the binary-coupling SYK model passes this test.
In this subsection, we consider the average, over many realizations, of the binary-coupling SYK model. If $N$ is sufficiently large, a good agreement with RMT can be observed for each realization; see Sec.~\ref{sec:singleRealizations} of the Supplementary Materials regarding this point.

In Fig.~\ref{fig:pm_Nm-r-avg}, the average of neighboring nonzero gap ratio $r_i\equiv{\mathrm{min}(s_i,s_{i+1})}/{\mathrm{max}(s_i,s_{i+1})}$, where $s_i\equiv E_{i+1}-E_i$ for the ordered set of distinct eigenvalues $\{E_i\}\subseteq \{\epsilon_j\}$, is plotted for samples with least degeneracy within each parity sector.
As we have seen in the above, for number of couplings $\gtrsim N$, most samples do not have extra degeneracy.
For such cases, the value of $\langle r\rangle$ rapidly approaches that of RMT.

By using the partition function analytically continued as a function of the inverse temperature $\beta$ to $\beta + it$ with $t\in \mathbb{R}$,
\begin{align}
    Z(t,\beta)\equiv Z(\beta+it) = \sum_j \exp\left(-(\beta+it)\epsilon_j\right),
\end{align}
we define the spectral form factor $g(t,\beta)$ as
\begin{align}
    g(t,\beta)=\vert Z(t,\beta)\vert^2/Z(0,\beta)^2.
\end{align}
The late-time features of the spectral form factor, specifically the ramp and plateau, are useful criteria to see the universality described by RMT.

In Fig.~\ref{fig:N24-30-Gt}, we plotted the spectral form factor for $N=24,26,28,30$. Late-time behaviors agree with those of GOE ($N=24$), GUE ($N=26,30$), GSE ($N=28$) random matrices: we observe a long ramp proportional to $t^{1}$ as $\Kcpl$ is increased.

\begin{figure}
    \centering
    \includegraphics{SFF-binaryN24-30-b0-with-dense.pdf}
    \caption{
    $g(t,\beta)=\vert Z(t,\beta)\vert^2/Z(0,\beta)^2$ for $Z(t,\beta)=Z(\beta+it)=\sum_j \exp(-(\beta+it)\epsilon_j)$ versus time $t$ for the binary sparse SYK model. $\beta=0$.
    The value of $N$ as well as the number of nonzero couplings, $\Kcpl$, are indicated in the legend for each plot.
    The shift of the height of the plateau for $\Kcpl\lesssim N$ is due to the extra degeneracy of the energy eigenvalues.
    }
    \label{fig:N24-30-Gt}
\end{figure}
\subsection{Comparison with Gaussian sparse SYK}
So far, we have seen that the binary-coupling sparse SYK model exhibits quantum chaos. Now we show that the binary model generates correlation in the spectrum more efficiently in terms of the number of nonzero terms. Specifically, we observe the stronger spectral rigidity for the same values of $N$ and $p$. This means the binary model is more chaotic than the Gaussian model, in the sense that the energy spectrum is closer to RMT.

Let us consider the unfolded energy spectrum. (Regarding the unfolding, see Ref.~\cite{Bohigas-1989,*Guhr_1998,*Haake-2001,*Gomez-PhysRevE.66.036209}.)
Let $\bar{\Delta}$ be the average nearest-neighbor level spacing. For $K>0$, we denote the number of energy eigenvalues between $E$ and $E+K\bar{\Delta}$ by $n(E,K)$. The number variance $\Sigma^2(K)$ is defined by
$\Sigma^2(K)=\langle n^2(E,K)\rangle-\langle n(E,K)\rangle^2$,
where $\langle\ \cdot\ \rangle$ denote the average over $E$. We can compare the number variance with RMT. If the agreement is observed up to a larger value of $K$, then the system is more strongly chaotic in the sense that the Random-Matrix universality sets in at earlier time scales.
RMT shows rather small $\Sigma^2(K)$, which means the spectrum is rigid due to the level repulsion. This property is called the spectral rigidity.

While the number variance provides us with a simple way to detect the spectral rigidity, it may depend on the details of the unfolding procedures~\cite{Gharibyan_2018}. The spectral form factor gives another way to see the spectral rigidity which is not sensitive to the details of the unfolding; if the spectral rigidity is stronger, the ramp is longer.
In Fig.~\ref{fig:SFF_binary_gaussian_g}, we show the spectral form factors for the binary and Gaussian, sparse and dense SYK models with $N=28$ and $N=30$.
The ramp starts significantly earlier for the binary model with $N$ and $2N$ couplings compared to the Gaussian model with the same number of couplings.
The ramp for the binary model with $2N$ couplings is as long as that of the Gaussian model with $4N$ couplings.
Finally, in the dense SYK limit, binary and Gaussian models are indistinguishable.

\begin{figure}
    \centering
    \includegraphics{SFF-binaryN28-30-b0-with-gaussian.pdf}
    \caption{
    Spectral form factors $g(t,\beta=0)$ versus time $t$, for the binary-coupling SYK and Gaussian SYK, for $N=28$ and $N=30$. }
    \label{fig:SFF_binary_gaussian_g}
\end{figure}

Strictly speaking, the onset of the ramp can be hidden if the decay of the spectral form factor at early time is not sufficiently fast. Note that the early-time decay (also known as slope) does not reflect the microscopic properties of the energy spectrum. To see the onset of the ramp more accurately, a modified spectral form factor $h(\alpha,t,\beta)$ defined by
\begin{align}
    h(\alpha,t,\beta)=\vert Y(\alpha,t,\beta)\vert^2/Y(0,\beta)^2,
\end{align}
where
\begin{align}
    Y(\alpha,t,\beta)\equiv \sum_j \exp\left(-\alpha\epsilon_j^2-(\beta+it)\epsilon_j\right),
\end{align}
is useful~\cite{DouglasStanford_2018,Gharibyan_2018}. By choosing an appropriate value of $\alpha$, the slope can be largely removed and the ramp can be seen from the earlier time. In Fig.~\ref{fig:SFF_binary_gaussian_h}, we plot $h(\alpha,t,\beta)$ for $\alpha=1$ and $\beta=0$. Again, the longer ramp can be seen for the binary-coupling model than the Gaussian model, for the same number of the couplings.

\begin{figure}
    \centering
    \includegraphics{N28-30h_a1_binary_Gaussian.pdf}
    \caption{
    The modified version of the spectral form factor $h(\alpha=1,t,\beta=0)$ versus time $t$, for the binary-coupling SYK and Gaussian SYK, for $N=28$ and $N=30$. }
    \label{fig:SFF_binary_gaussian_h}
\end{figure}

\section{Conclusion and discussion}\label{sec:Summary}
In this paper, we proposed the binary-coupling sparse SYK model. We demonstrated that the spectral statistics obey the RMT predictions for $\mathcal{O}(N)$ number of couplings as in the Gaussian sparse SYK models \cite{xu2020sparse,garciagarcia2020sparse,Caceres-Misobuchi-Raz:2204.07194}. With the same number of couplings, the binary-coupling model shows better agreement with RMT. Therefore, this model is an improvement, rather than just a simplification, of the Gaussian sparse SYK model.
The better agreement to dense models in the binary case compared to the Gaussian case may be attributed to the high probability of having relatively small coupling amplitudes in the latter.
If we approximate small couplings by zero, effectively the value of $p$ goes down in the Gaussian case.

We envisage the generalization of the present approach to other variants of the SYK model in a similar manner. For example, we may choose the coupling constants from the unit circle on the complex plane, or further limit the values of the couplings to $\{e^{2\pi j/Q}\}_{j=0,1,\ldots,Q-1}$, in which $Q\geq 3$ is an integer, to obtain a version of (sparse or dense) non-hermitian SYK model.

The binary nature of the couplings may simplify the physical realization of the model via digital or analog quantum simulations~\cite{Buluta-Nori-2009,Georgescu-Ashhab-Nori-2014,Luo:2017bno,PRXQuantum.2.017003}.
It would be nice if experiments on SYK models with sufficiently large $N$ are achieved and ``quantum gravity in the lab''~\cite{Danshita:2016xbo,Franz:2018cqi,https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1911.06314} becomes reality.
Simulations on optical Kagome lattices~\cite{Wei:2020ryt} may also be simplified in the binary-coupling sparse SYK, and could lead to tractable studies of high-temperature cuprate superconductors~\cite{Sachdev:2010um}.

\vspace*{1cm}
\begin{acknowledgments}
The authors thank Brian Swingle for helpful comments.
M.~T. thanks Antonio M. Garc\'ia-Garc\'ia, Chisa Hotta, and Norihiro Iizuka for discussions; Yoshifumi Nakata and Satyam Shekhar Jha for collaborations on related projects.

M.T. was partially supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) Grants No. JP17K17822, JP20K03787, JP20H05270, and JP21H05185.
O.O. was supported by TUBITAK Grant No. $2219$.
M.H. was supported by the STFC Ernest Rutherford Grant ST/R003599/1.
E.R. was supported by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT) Research.
F.N. is supported in part by: NTT Research, the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) [via the Quantum Leap Flagship Program (Q-LEAP), Moonshot R\&D Grant No.~JPMJMS2061], JSPS [via KAKENHI Grant No.~JP20H00134], the Army Research Office (ARO) (Grant No.~W911NF-18-1-0358), the Asian Office of Aerospace Research and Development (AOARD) (via Grant No.~FA2386-20-1-4069), and the Foundational Questions Institute Fund (FQXi) via Grant No.~FQXi-IAF19-06.
The authors thank the Royal Society International Exchanges award IEC/R3/213026.
Part of the numerical computations were performed using the facilities of the Supercomputer Center, the Institute for Solid State Physics, the University of Tokyo.
\end{acknowledgments}
\begin{center}
\textbf{DATA MANAGEMENT}
\end{center}
No additional research data beyond the data presented and cited in this work are needed
to validate the research findings in this work. Simulation data will be publicly available
after publication.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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text:
Q: Can't import image in image view When I run this code:
android:src="@drawable/cake"

it shows an error:

Error:(38, 22) No resource found that matches the given name (at 'src' with value '@drawable/cake').

A: Check if your image file is inside your project folders

A: Add the image to all drawable folders. Then it should work.

*

*/drawable-ldpi For low density screens

*/drawable-mdpi For medium density screens

*/drawable-hdpi For high resolution screens

*/drawable-xhdpi For extra high resolution screens

A: have you pasted your desired image in your drawable folder?


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