text:
- Honda were one of four manufacturers making power units for Formula 1 in 2021.
How Does a Formula 1 Power Unit Work?
All F1 fanatics will be familiar with the 'power unit' that allows the cars to reach such incredible speeds, but how exactly do they work?
Matthew Parry posted in Home Of F1
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Before we start, I'll warn you that this is a loooong read. If you're still interested to learn how modern Formula 1 engines work, pull up a chair and let's get cracking!
In some respects, the power plant of a Formula 1 car could not be more similar to your everyday road car. In others, the technology is alien in comparison. To fully understand the magnitude of the task at hand for Formula 1 engine manufacturers, it's important to step back and gain some perspective on exactly what they're trying to build.
In the ever-changing world of Formula 1 the cars can no longer refuel during the race, so must start the race with all of the fuel it needs to reach the finish line. A full fuel tank means a lot of weight which slows the car down, so the most efficient engine minimises the amount of fuel the car needs to complete the race, providing a weight advantage and more speed. Not only is a minimal fuel load important, but the materials used in the power unit components must also be as light as possible. The engine weight is also proportional to its size. The larger it is, the heavier it is and the more space it consumes in the car. A large power unit (PU) will restrict the freedom of the aerodynamicists to design around it, so a compact PU is advantageous.
Upon their return to Formula 1 in 2015, Honda revealed their 'Size Zero' directive, an attempt to make their engine as compact as possible without sacrificing power.
Lightness can mean weakness, though. Aside from the risk of retirements due to component failure, there are penalties for exceeding a maximum number of each PU component used throughout a season. The materials in the power unit must therefore have incredible strength and durability as well as being light. In their efforts to shed pounds while maximising structural integrity of their parts, Formula 1 teams have pioneered exotic materials in manufacturing like carbon fibre and metal alloys. In short, the teams can achieve north of 1000 horsepower from an engine lighter and more compact than the one found in your daily runner, that can also run at full capacity for over 1500km without failing.
The world's answer to both the depletion of natural resources and climate change has universally been the introduction of hybrid and battery technology in motoring, in a bid to reduce consumption of fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions. By the end of the 'non-hybrid' Formula 1 engines in 2013 a simple hybrid system was already utilised but, because of minimal research into hybrid technology, the peak output was much lower than today and the engines were limited in their longevity. In 2014, the Formula 1 engine regulations changed to make more fuel-efficient turbo-hybrids mandatory for all teams.
The level of research and development this demanded from the manufacturers was unprecedented and building an F1 engine had never been so complex or costly. Only the world's biggest car manufacturers can now justify shouldering the costs of designing and manufacturing F1 engines. Although all manufacturers are now pushing for breakthroughs in clean and sustainable power, it is these rising costs that are also pushing businesses away from Formula 1. Where it became a common sight to see seven or eight different engine manufacturers competing on one grid, now we are reduced to just four. However, the directive has now produced the most energy-efficient engines ever built. Let's take a deeper look to see how these incredible feats of engineering work.
Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)
At the heart of the PU is the Internal Combustion Engine, or ICE. The power plant of choice for almost all road cars for more than 100 years, the ICE is the most mainstream component of a modern Formula 1 PU.
A mixture of fuel and air is injected into a cylinder, which is then compressed by a piston. The compressed mixture is ignited by a spark plug and the rapid expansion of gas pushes the piston downwards with great force. The output gases from the combustion are expelled through the exhaust and the cycle begins again. The pistons are connected via connecting rods to a crankshaft, which rotates as the pistons are pushed downwards by the combusting fuel-air mixture. The rotating crankshaft is connected to a gearbox and differential, converting the longitudinal engine rotation into lateral drive at the wheels.
This is what's known as a 'reciprocating engine' – the crankshaft continually rotates as it is powered by certain pistons, enabling the other pistons to rise back to the top of the chamber to start new strokes. Each chamber is referred to as a cylinder, and the cylinders must fire in a defined sequence to keep the crankshaft rotating smoothly and reliably.
ICEs produce horsepower in abundance, with generations of knowledge and refinement making them efficient and reliable. Before the turbo-hybrid engines were introduced in 2014, ICEs were the one and only power source for Formula 1 cars. Today, they still produce the majority of the car's power, but are smaller and more energy efficient than ever.
Formula 1 engines now commonly use pre-chamber ignition, pioneered by Mercedes. In a normal combustion chamber the spark plug ignites the fuel-air mix and the flame created spreads outwards to the edge of the chamber, burning all the fuel-air mix in the process. This is fine when there is sufficient amounts of fuel and air to mix in the right ratio throughout the combustion chamber. When there isn't, it can be hard to achieve full combustion. With fuel consumption now a key issue, the engines run leaner (a lower proportion of fuel in the fuel-air mix) than ever but with the demand for power output remaining the same. This creates a problem as the fuel-air mix can often be too weak to achieve full combustion through normal means.
Mercedes' clever pre-ignition idea helps the engine ignite all of the fuel-air mixture. Image: CAR Magazine
Mercedes' trick splits the fuel-air mix into two places; the standard weak fuel-air mix in the combustion chamber, with a richer mix held within a small chamber around the spark plug. With this pre-chamber set up, the spark plug fully ignites the rich mix. As this expands, it's directed through small slots between the pre-chamber and into the combustion chamber below. These jets of flame fully ignite the rest of the lean mix, delivering full combustion and maximum power while using less fuel in total.
The turbo hybrids use 1.6-litre combustion engines which, at full power, can produce around 850bhp on their own. That's a power output comparable to the fastest petrol-powered road cars from an engine as small as the one you'd find in a Ford Fiesta. Combined with the hybrid system which is capped at 161bhp, that figure ticks over 1000bhp at maximum capacity.
The output of the modern ICEs may not be much different than most Formula 1 engines since the 1980s, but not only are they more compact than virtually anything that has gone before, they use around 33% less fuel than the 2.4-litre V8s of the previous generation. The newest engines have a thermal efficiency of over 50%, so more than half of the energy in the fuel is converted into useful work to drive the car forwards. From 2022 onwards, Formula 1 will use E10 fuel which contains 10% biofuel, naturally sourced from living matter. Despite offering lower carbon emissions, biofuel is less energy-dense than standard fuel so a reduction in power is expected, unless the teams can recover it through other means.
Formula 1 engines through history have featured as few as four cylinders and as many as twelve. Now, they must use six. While some engine manufacturers have experimented with flat and inline cylinder configurations in the past, they now must be arranged in a V-configuration at a 90-degree angle. The engine valves open and close in time with the pistons to allow the fuel-air mix into the combustion chamber and the exhaust gases to leave it. Since the mid-1980s, these have been opened and closed pneumatically (with pressurised air), replacing traditional metal springs. This valve technology has since enabled engines to rev faster and achieve higher power outputs.
The engine block, pistons and crankcase are traditionally made from cast or wrought aluminium alloys, the crankshaft and camshafts are iron-based alloys, and the valves can be alloys based on iron, cobalt, nickel or titanium. The ICEs are connected directly to an eight-speed gearbox. Teams are allowed to use three ICEs freely throughout the season without penalty.
To prevent a return to the crazy 1500bhp beasts of the 1980s, the engines are capped at 15,000rpm and have a fuel flow meter to regulate consumption. The engines are short-stroke to allow them to operate at high speed without catastrophic failure, meaning the bore of the cylinder is unusually large for the displacement. Due to the fuel flow restrictions, there isn't enough fuel to optimise the engine past 12,500rpm so drivers will change gear before hitting the rev limiter. For perspective, the naturally aspirated engines of old would rev to around 20,000rpm. Fuel is injected at a maximum pressure of 7,250psi – this sounds like a lot, but normal petrol engines inject at around 5,000psi while modern diesel engines regularly exceed 30,000psi.
Turbocharged monsters from the 1980s, including this BMW inline-four engine from the 1986 Brabham BT55, could produce around 1500bhp at peak output.
Intricate oil and water systems lubricate the moving parts and prevent the engine from overheating. The oils themselves and ideas used in Formula 1 tend to be mirrored in road cars, as the oil companies prefer to bring their findings into the mainstream to improve reliability and cooling efficiency of your daily motor. The ideal operating temperature of the engines are also similar to your everyday road car (between 100 and 120 degrees Celsius), just below the point at which the coolant fluid turns from liquid to gas.
The turbocharger has been a common component on road car engines for several decades. Some Formula 1 teams dabbled with the technology in the 1980s and managed incredible power outputs, but they were banned from 1989 onwards before their reappearance in 2014. The turbocharger boosts power by reusing the outgoing exhaust gases. The fast-flowing gas spins a turbine at incredible speeds (around 120,000rpm). The turbine is connected to a compressor which draws in air as it enters through the air box above the driver's head, compressing it before it reaches the combustion chambers of the ICE.
Compressed air contains more particles in a given area than atmospheric air. More oxygen means better combustion and more power. However, compressing the air does mean that its temperature increases, which will decrease its density and reduce power. Turbos therefore come with an intercooler to reduce the temperature of the air from the compressor. Intercoolers can either use colder atmospheric air to cool the compressed air, or a water-based cooling system.
Most manufacturers opted for tightly packaged, conventional turbo designs which had been tried and tested on road vehicles for many years. However, this compact turbo design can lead to heat bleeding from the turbo to the compressor, increasing combustion air temperature and reduces the effectiveness of the intercooler.
Mercedes pioneered the 'split turbo' design, where the compressor sits on the front of the engine and the turbine at the rear. The two are connected by a much longer shaft than usual, but efficiently use the space in the middle of the 'V' of the engine which would otherwise remain empty. Not only does this reduce heat bleed and allow a smaller intercooler to be used, there are also much greater packaging benefits by using this setup including shorter piping for intakes and the exhaust. All of these things lead to greater power, less lag and more driveability.
The split turbo design pioneered by Mercedes improves intercooler efficiency among many other benefits. Image: CAR Magazine
The longer shaft used to connect the compressor to the turbine exacerbates even the smallest oscillation significantly, and greatly decreases the tolerance of the turbo. Reliability is therefore absolutely paramount and difficult to achieve, perhaps explaining why only Honda have managed to exploit Mercedes' split turbo idea to date and Ferrari will only do the same in 2022, eight years after its first use. It has quickly emerged as the preferred turbo layout for a Formula 1 engine. Teams are allowed to use three turbochargers freely throughout the season without penalty.
Motor Generator Units
Now we can look at the first of the hybrid parts working to power the car electrically. The Motor Generator Units, or MGUs, are capable of both regenerating electricity and deploying charge to either provide more power for the PU or improve its responsiveness. Electrical power delivers instant torque, unlike the power from combustion of fuel which has 'torque bands' in different rpm ranges. The MGU is split into two key components – the Kinetic (MGU-K) and Heat (MGU-H) components. Teams are allowed to use three of each MGU component freely throughout the season without penalty.
The MGU-K is geared to the front of the engine's crankshaft so that it can both drive and be driven by the ICE. It recovers some of the kinetic energy that would otherwise be lost as the car decelerates, converting it to electrical charge that can be stored and deployed again later. It does this through the use of permanent magnets and coiled wires, which I will explain in more detail a little later.
In deployment mode, the MGU-K generates a maximum of 161bhp, deploying it directly through the crankshaft to aid acceleration. As the car decelerates, its Electronic Control Unit (ECU) switches the MGU-K from deployment to recovery, allowing the motor to rotate with the drivetrain. The motor has permanent magnets which, when rotated through a coil, produce electrical current which is transferred to the battery. This concept is crucial for both MGUs as they regenerate.
The resistance that this generates also slows down the rotation of the drivetrain, otherwise known as 'engine braking'. This action means the rear brakes are barely used at low speed and can be reduced in size as a result. In generator mode, the MGU-K is only allowed to save 2mJ of energy to the battery.
A failure of the MGU-K could destroy the engine, but at minimum would mean a reduction in energy recovery and the tiny rear brakes would be put under more load to slow down the car. At most circuits it would lead to retirement, but we saw Daniel Ricciardo win the 2018 Monaco Grand Prix with a failed MGU-K due to the circuit's reduced need for straight-line speed. Ricciardo could not use his two highest gears as the engine was no longer producing sufficient power to sustain them. He also had to force his brake bias forwards to take some strain away from his tiny rear brakes.
The MGU arrangement on a Formula 1 engine. Image: CAR Magazine
The MGU-H is a more complex component which connects to both the hybrid battery and the MGU-K. The motor is also connected to the turbo and, like the MGU-K with the ICE, can drive or be driven by it. The MGU-H can use power from the battery to keep the turbine spinning at maximum speed when not at full throttle, acting as an anti-lag system to maximise the engine's power when it would otherwise bog down. This electrical system is much more efficient than other fuel-hungry anti-lag solutions used elsewhere.
In generator mode, the MGU-H can be used in several ways. Conventional turbos can produce too much boost as the high-pressure exhaust gases spin the turbo too quickly on the throttle. This is controlled by a wastegate, which slows the turbo and expels the high-pressure gas through a separate exhaust pipe. This wastes the useful exhaust gases, so Formula 1 engines use the MGU-H to slow the turbo, again using a magnetic field, generating electricity.
There is no cap on how much energy can be recovered through the MGU-H and the battery has capacity for 2mJ from each of the MGU-K and the MGU-H. So, the more they can use the MGU-H in generator mode, the more energy can be deployed. The obvious use would be to keep the turbo spinning off-throttle for the anti-lag benefits, but the energy generated by the MGU-H is also permitted for use by the MGU-K. The regeneration can therefore be used to extend the 161bhp boost delivered by the MGU-K, that would otherwise only last for around 30 seconds.
However, simply recovering energy through the MGU-H as an alternative to a wastegate isn't enough. Conventional turbos house the components in one package, so the parts have to be compact. In 2014, Mercedes realised a gain could be made with their split turbo setup by running an enormous compressor. This was not necessarily for extra boost, but rather that a larger turbo needed more 'wastegate time' to prevent it over-boosting the engine. The MGU-H would therefore be spun for longer and regenerate more – although the back pressure effect all of this regenerating creates will reduce peak ICE horsepower, the increased regeneration and subsequent battery deployment led to faster lap times. Ferrari and Honda, meanwhile, missed this trick after prioritising raw horsepower over regeneration. They soon realised their mistake but took a couple of years to perfect their new MGU-H strategy.
While the cap on the MGU-K means it only generates enough energy for just over 30 seconds of full deployment, the MGU-H produces enough in addition to virtually provide this 161bhp boost for an entire lap. Rather than permanently trying to deploy the full battery charge and draining the supply, the engine's ECU software decides when to apply the energy based on information from 'engine maps'.
The maps can be configured by the teams to pinpoint areas on the circuit where the power unit will deploy some charge or start 'clipping', another word for regenerating. You'll often see the lights on the back of the cars flashing as the drivers reach the end of the straights. This means the car is regenerating, sacrificing a bit of top speed as it approaches the braking zone to maximise the amount of energy recovered.
Drivers will switch between maps throughout a race, with each map providing a different combination of deployment and clipping throughout the lap. Engine braking can also be adjusted, altering the regeneration and deceleration that is experienced as the MGU-K regenerates.
Energy Store
The Energy Store is essentially a fancy way of saying 'battery'. As the MGUs generate electricity, that energy is stored as direct current (DC) in the battery to be deployed later. The battery uses Lithium ion (Li-ion) technology, something which even the most mainstream batteries have been using for years. These batteries are effective, but also one of the heaviest individual components of the cars. Teams therefore try to minimise the size of their battery packs without costing capacity or performance, also placing it strategically in the car to reduce the effect this weight has on balance.
The maximum capacity of the battery for racing is 4mJ, however most teams will push beyond this capacity for their battery even if they're not allowed to use it. The reason for this is simple – a battery capable of storing 4mJ will be at 100% capacity on a full legal charge, but a battery capable of storing 8mJ would only be at 50%. As with the batteries in everyday items, fully charging the battery to its maximum capacity reduces its lifespan compared to partially charging it, so it is best to build more capacity into the battery and cap the charge to minimise wear. Teams are only allowed two Energy Stores throughout the season, so longevity is key.
While most parts of the power unit are cooled traditionally by water or air, the battery uses dielectric fluid to prevent the risk of electric shock should it be damaged. You'll often see mechanics wearing large insulating gloves while working on the PU or while recovering a crashed car, again to minimise their risk of an electric shock. The fuel is stored in a malleable Kevlar-rubber bag and, like the battery, is positioned strategically low down across the chassis for a low centre of gravity. The high-strength flexible tank minimises the risk of a puncture leaking fuel onto the hot engine or near the live battery, which could result in a catastrophic explosion.
Crashed Formula 1 cars have to be handled with extreme care, with a potentially damaged battery and fuel tank in close proximity.
The Control Electronics of the car manage all electrical components in the PU, namely the MGUs and the battery. Teams can use two sets of Control Electronics throughout the season without penalty.
The main job of the Control Electronics is to convert the alternating current (AC) generated by the MGU-K and MGU-H into direct current (DC) which can be stored in the battery. Likewise, it can invert this process using battery power to spin the MGUs. There are different sets of electronics for each system, dubbed the Control Unit Kinetic (CUK) and Control Unit Heat (CUH).
Capacitors are the storage components used to switch the power between the MGU and the battery, while IGBTs (insulated gate bipolar transistors) switch the current from AC to DC and vice versa. The process of converting AC to DC and back creates heat which is lost. Keeping the electronics at working temperature is key to reliability so removing this heat is important. Like the MGUs, the electronics have a water-cooling circuit with a pump and radiator stored in the car's sidepod.
CE positioning changes depending on the manufacturer's philosophy, but they're often housed with the battery in a recess under the fuel tank or in the sidepods. It all depends on the team's fuel tank strategy and its impact on the length of the wheelbase, the size of the sidepods and cooling. Bigger sidepods can allow the CEs to be positioned there strategically and are preferred for air-cooled turbos, but do create drag and are restrictive for the aerodynamicists. Smaller sidepods do the opposite, improving aerodynamic effectiveness but forcing the teams into a water-cooled turbo system and having to think more about compact packaging and cooling in general.
Formula 1 has always been at the forefront of technological innovation in motoring, and the hybrid powertrains they've utilised since 2014 are no different. With an output of over 1000bhp, engines more energy-efficient than any other on the planet and durability good enough to run a whole season on just a few PUs is nothing short of incredible. While full-electric power is the direction for mainstream motoring, it's unlikely Formula 1 will be giving up on combustion any time soon so it's important that they put effort into maximum sustainability through other means. It may be costly and complex, but these power units certainly push the realms of possibility for a good cause. They really are one of the most amazingly intricate and precise pieces of engineering the world has seen.
Award Matthew
Raoul Ndessabeka
Wow!!! Incredible. The best article ever on Drivetribe.com and I mean it. It is very rare to see this amount of research well put together. Congratulations. Please do a YouTube video with graphics and you will have millions of views in no time. Once again thank you.
Phil Philadelphia
Matthew Parry
Thanks mate 😊
Kris Setiadi
Awesome articles... great in detail
Mr Fix It
It's articles like this that make me sad about the end of this app
David Sperry
You warned us it was a looong read but I hung in there. It's the best explanation ever of how a modern F1 engine works. I understood the details as I read along, but please don't give a test. Congratulations!
you need to introduce yourself to the 2022 Genesis GV70
Mark Holgate
DriveTribe Australia
Could Vettel Replace Hamilton At Mercedes?
MOTORSPORTS NEWS
Home Of F1


Thread: Which P4 heatsink to buy?
- can you re use the heatsink?
- do i need some heatsink paste to re attach it to the p4 in the new machine?
- what is the best p4 heatsink to get if i need a new one?
- what heatsink paste should i get to glue it?
Yes you can re-use the heatsink. Make sure that the surface of the chip and sink are clean. Use acetone or something similar to wipe it clean. Then use a thermal paste such as Arctic silver when you re-fit it. You don't need much paste, just a small blob.
If it's a socket 478 then there are 2 levers on the top of the standard P4 heatsink which when flipped up release the sink. Though you then need to carefully lever the retaining hooks out of their locators. There often isn't a lot of room to get to them unless your motherboard is sitting on a bench. Dead easy then.
Not a difficult or demanding job in all so you shouldn't have too many problems.
Hi M8! What Spec you putting together? Have you decided what Graphics card you want?
radeon pro 9800 BUT I received a 256MB DDR2 version not the 128 so I think this is better.
Jon came over to do mine, as id never fitted a processor etc before. Its good to see someone else do it first.
Yep will bring my angle grinder. Thatl sort it. Cut the chip in half and you can use half for each stick of ram. Makes sense to me weeeeee.
Ive got some arctic silver and a good selection of industrial solvents at home, so cleaning wont be a problem. Havent done a P4 before, just remid me where does the oil and anti-freeze go?
mobo hasnt arrived yet they put it on a pallet van this morning 8-/ the driver delivered 1 package yesterday and left the second package in his van (same destination address) to return it to the depot last night..you really couldnt make it up doh!
What's your Dell HSF like then? Is it not the usual passive heatsink (no fan on it) with a ducted shroud leading the air to an exhaust fan? If it's this kind of setup you'll probably have probs trying to reuse it.
Also, Dells are very non standard. I replaced the 3.06 CPU cooling system on my Precision and then found that the Dell fan & mobo connectors were NOT standard! Nothing a Stanley knife couldn't fix but you don't wanna do that to your MAX3... my tip is to check the connectors before you start transplanting!
I can Breakdance as well!!
Best check on the dell forums which are also helpfull!
Baz last time I saw you breakdace I thought you were having an epileptic fit.


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Jordan Valley: Thirsting for a drink
By Returned EA Andy. Andy recently returned to the UK after serving as an EA with EAPPI in Israel and occupied Palestine.
It's a very hot day in a parched landscape, but it's OK – my water bottle is still cool from the fridge. For Ali, the Bedouin farmer I am visiting, it's not so easy. Like all the families in his small community, he regularly has to drive his tractor to another town and bring back his water by tanker.
Ali and sons in their Bedouin tent [Photo: EAPPI/Andy]
Not connected to water
Along with over 70 per cent of Palestinians living in Area C of the West Bank (the nearly two thirds that is under full Israeli control) they are not connected to a water network, and rely entirely on tankered water (UN data).
Going to the source: a sheep tries to get water direct from the tanker [Photo: EAPPI/Andy]
Ali buys water for his family and flock from Duma, a Palestinian village some four kilometres away. Water is a scarce resource for Palestinians, so the more you need each month, the more you pay per cubic metre.
Watering his flock means that Ali pays the highest rate for his water, double what a small family in Duma would pay. Filling his water tank costs him some ₪30 shekels (about £7), but the cost in tractor fuel can add another ₪70, raising the total to over £22.
Water tanker in the community [Photo: EAPPI /Alex]
Almost total control of water
Water is a vital, but not rare, commodity in Palestine. Ramallah has a higher annual rainfall than London according to EWASH, an NGO working to improve the water situation for Palestinians.
Israel exercises almost total control over the water provision in Area C, whether supplying its own illegal settlements or Palestinian towns and villages. The Mountain Aquifer lies under the West Bank, from which Israel extracts 87 per cent of the water for its own use.
A heavily protected Israeli water installation in the Jordan Valley [Photo: EAPPI /Andy]
When Bedouin communities had freedom of movement and access to water resources they used the natural springs throughout the area.
Due to movement, planning and water access restrictions imposed by the occupation, Bedouin communities now tend to stay in one place. Even where a spring is right beside their community, they can be fined by the Israeli authorities for attempting to take even small quantities of water from it.
Child and water tank in the Jordan Valley [Photo: EAPPI/Alex]
Articles 54 and 55 of the Geneva Conventions explicitly prohibit the denial of water supplies to a civilian population under occupation. In 2010, the UN General Assembly explicitly recognised access to safe and clean drinking water and sanitation as an essential human right.
A natural spring in the Jordan Valley. Bedouin are fined if they attempt to take any of this water [Photo: EAPPI/Andy]
Water now a scare and expensive commodity
Water is now a scarce and expensive resource for Palestinians. The Palestinian Water Authority estimates that where Israelis living in illegal settlements spend just 0.9 per cent of their monthly expenditure on water, Palestinians spend on average 8 per cent.
"We would love to be able to go back to our old ways and take water from the land as necessary; now it's harder each year to find the money to buy the water we need."
Worldwide, the figure is 3.5 per cent. Palestinians on average consume just under 80 litres of water per person, per day. For Israeli citizens, the comparable figure is almost 300 litres per day. (The World Health Organisation recommends 100 litres per day.)
The lush and green, but illegal, Israeli plantations that are gradually spreading across the otherwise arid landscape of the Jordan Valley are the most visible evidence of this imbalance.
A Bedouin tent in the Jordan Valley, with Israeli settlement plantation behind [Photo: EAPPI/Andy]
The Bedouin of the West Bank are forced to be even more careful than other Palestinians. Their average water consumption can be as little as 20 litres per day, and yet they pay some 400 per cent more per litre for clean water (EWASH figures).
Ali is resigned to the situation: "We would love to be able to go back to our old ways and take water from the land as necessary; now it's harder each year to find the money to buy the water we need."
This entry was posted in Access and movement restrictions, Settlements, Water equality. Bookmark the permalink.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Derick Davies
Voice: Bass
Nationality: Welsh
Also known as Frederick Davies
Chorus 1959.
Notary / Der Rosenkavalier, 28 May 1959 at Glyndebourne view performance details
Notary / Der Rosenkavalier, 03 June 1959 at Glyndebourne view performance details
2nd Prisoner / Fidelio, 03 July 1959 at Glyndebourne view performance details
Notary / Der Rosenkavalier, 02 July 1960 at Glyndebourne view performance details
Klaas, A Sailor / Die Entfuhrung, 25 May 1961 at Glyndebourne view performance details
Klaas, A Sailor / Die Entfuhrung, 01 June 1961 at Glyndebourne view performance details
2nd Prisoner / Fidelio, 16 June 1961 at Glyndebourne view performance details
Klaas, A Sailor / Die Entfuhrung, 02 July 1961 at Glyndebourne view performance details
Antonio / Le Nozze Di Figaro, 24 May 1962 at Glyndebourne view performance details
Antonio / Le Nozze Di Figaro, 01 June 1962 at Glyndebourne view performance details
Antonio / Le Nozze Di Figaro, 05 July 1962 at Glyndebourne view performance details
2nd Prisoner / Fidelio, 23 May 1963 at Glyndebourne view performance details
Antonio / Le nozze di Figaro, 22 July 1963 at Royal Albert Hall, London view performance details
Madhouse Keeper / The Rake's Progress, 02 August 1963 at Glyndebourne view performance details
Antonio / Le Nozze Di Figaro, 22 August 1963 at Glyndebourne view performance details
A Doctor / Macbeth, 21 May 1964 at Glyndebourne view performance details
A Doctor / Macbeth, 02 June 1964 at Glyndebourne view performance details
La Roche / Capriccio, 12 July 1964 at Glyndebourne view performance details
A Doctor / Macbeth, 15 July 1965 at Glyndebourne view performance details
A Doctor / Macbeth, 01 August 1965 at Glyndebourne view performance details


text:
@interface UpdatePassWordVC ()<UITextFieldDelegate>
{
    UIView      *_updateView;

    MCWordText  *_phoneText;
    MCWordText  *_yanzhengText;///验证码
    MCWordText  *_passwordText;///密码
    MCWordText  *_sureMimaText;
    UIButton    *_registerBtn;
    UIButton    *_getYzhmaBtn;

    NSTimer     *_registerTimer;
    NSInteger    _time;
}
@end

@implementation UpdatePassWordVC

- (id)initWithNibName:(NSString *)nibNameOrNil bundle:(NSBundle *)nibBundleOrNil
{
    self = [super initWithNibName:nibNameOrNil bundle:nibBundleOrNil];
    if (self)
    {

    }
    return self;
}

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
    self.title = @"忘记密码";

    [self addAllViewsSub];
}

#pragma mark - SubViews
- (void)addAllViewsSub
{
    _updateView = [self createLoginView];
    [self.view addSubview:_updateView];

    [self.view addGestureRecognizer:[[UITapGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(tapVCViewGesture:)]];
}

- (UIView *)createLoginView
{
    UIView *bgView = [[UIView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, self.navView.bottom, kKeyWindow.width, 260)];
    bgView.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];

    _phoneText = [[MCWordText alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake((kKeyWindow.width - 240)/2, 10, 200, 30)];
//    _phoneText.nameLable.text = @"手机号";
    _phoneText.wordTextField.keyboardType = UIKeyboardTypePhonePad;
    _phoneText.wordTextField.delegate = self;
    [bgView addSubview:_phoneText];

        /// 获取验证码
    _getYzhmaBtn = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];
    _getYzhmaBtn.frame = CGRectMake(_phoneText.right + 5, _phoneText.top, 80, 30);
    _getYzhmaBtn.layer.borderColor = kAppNormalBgColor.CGColor;
    _getYzhmaBtn.layer.borderWidth = 0.5;
    _getYzhmaBtn.layer.cornerRadius = 2.5;
    _getYzhmaBtn.clipsToBounds      = YES;
    [_getYzhmaBtn setTitle:@"获取验证码" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    [_getYzhmaBtn setTitleColor:kAppNormalBgColor forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    _getYzhmaBtn.titleLabel.font = gFontSystemSize(13);
    _getYzhmaBtn.titleLabel.adjustsFontSizeToFitWidth = YES;
    [_getYzhmaBtn addTarget:self action:@selector(clickGetYanzhengMaBtn:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
    [bgView addSubview:_getYzhmaBtn];

    _yanzhengText = [[MCWordText alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(_phoneText.left, _phoneText.bottom + 9, _phoneText.width, _phoneText.height)];
//    _yanzhengText.nameLable.text = @"验证码";
    _yanzhengText.wordTextField.delegate = self;
    [bgView addSubview:_yanzhengText];

    _passwordText = [[MCWordText alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(_phoneText.left, _yanzhengText.bottom + 9, _phoneText.width, _phoneText.height)];
//    _passwordText.nameLable.text = @"新密码";
    _passwordText.wordTextField.secureTextEntry = YES;
    _passwordText.wordTextField.delegate = self;
    [bgView addSubview:_passwordText];

    _sureMimaText = [[MCWordText alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(_phoneText.left, _passwordText.bottom + 9, _phoneText.width, _phoneText.height)];
//    _sureMimaText.nameLable.text = @"确认密码";
    _sureMimaText.wordTextField.delegate = self;
    [bgView addSubview:_sureMimaText];

    _registerBtn = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeCustom];
    _registerBtn.frame = CGRectMake((kKeyWindow.width - 180)/2, _sureMimaText.bottom + 26, 180, 40);
    _registerBtn.layer.borderColor = kAppNormalBgColor.CGColor;
    _registerBtn.layer.borderWidth = 0.5;
    _registerBtn.layer.cornerRadius = 3.5;
    _registerBtn.clipsToBounds      = YES;
    [_registerBtn setTitle:@"确定" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    [_registerBtn setTitleColor:kAppNormalBgColor forState:UIControlStateNormal];
    _registerBtn.titleLabel.font = gFontSystemSize(15);
    [_registerBtn addTarget:self action:@selector(clickRegisterBtn:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
    [bgView addSubview:_registerBtn];

    return bgView;
}

- (void)tapVCViewGesture:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)gesture
{
    [self inforViewEndAnimation];
    [self.view endEditing:YES];
}

#pragma mark - UIButton Actions
- (void)clickRegisterBtn:(id)sender
{
    [self tapVCViewGesture:nil];

    UIButton *btn = (UIButton *)sender;
        //    btn.enabled = NO;
    NSString *username = _phoneText.wordTextField.text;
    NSString *password = _passwordText.wordTextField.text;
    if (![RegularExpression isMobileNumber:username])
    {
        mAlertView(@"提示", @"您输入的用户名不合法\n请重新输入");
        btn.enabled = YES;
        return;
    }
    else if (![RegularExpression isValidatePassword:password])
    {
        mAlertView(@"提示", @"请确认密码为6-16位,并且只含字符、数字和下划线!");
        btn.enabled = YES;
        return;
    }

    [self requestUpdatePassword:@{@"mobile": username, @"password" : [DES3Util encrypt:password]}];
}

- (void)clickGetYanzhengMaBtn:(id)sender
{
    UIButton *btn = (UIButton *)sender;

    if (!_registerTimer) {
        _registerTimer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:1.0 target:self selector:@selector(timerChangeSecond:) userInfo:btn repeats:YES];
        btn.enabled = NO;

        _time = 60;
    }
}

- (void)timerChangeSecond:(id)sender
{
    if (_time > 1) {
        _time--;

        [_getYzhmaBtn setTitle:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"重新获取(%ld)", _time] forState:UIControlStateNormal];;
    } else {
        if ([_registerTimer isValid]) {
            [_registerTimer invalidate];
            _registerTimer = nil;
        }
        [_getYzhmaBtn setTitle:@"获取验证码" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
        _getYzhmaBtn.enabled = YES;
    }
}

#pragma mark - Requests
- (void)requestUpdatePassword:(NSDictionary *)params
{
    [[LWaittingView sharedInstance] showWaittingView];
    __weak typeof(self) _wself = self;

}

#pragma mark - UITextFieldDelegate
- (BOOL)textFieldShouldBeginEditing:(UITextField *)textField
{
    [self inforViewBeginAnimation];
    return YES;
}

    ////======================////
- (void)inforViewBeginAnimation
{
//    if (_updateView.top == kKeyWindow.height - 260) {
//        [UIView animateWithDuration:0.35 animations:^{
//            _updateView.top -= 250;
//        }];
//    }
}

- (void)inforViewEndAnimation
{
//    if (_updateView.top != kKeyWindow.height - 260) {
//        [UIView animateWithDuration:0.35 animations:^{
//            _updateView.top += 250;
//        }];
//    }
}

@end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
4 Pièces caractéristiques by Clara Schumann was composed between 1834 and 1836, and published in 1836. The entire work is labeled as opus 5, and is written for solo piano. The pieces are as follows.

 I. Impromptu: Le Sabbat is written in a time signature of 3/8. It is in A minor and the tempo marking is "Allegro furioso."
 II. Caprice à la Boléro is written in a time signature of 3/4.  It begins in E minor with a tempo marking of "Presto." After the opening statement, it transitions to E major with a tempo marking of "più tranquillo e dolce."  The E minor theme and tempo return, and the piece concludes with an E major variation of the original E minor theme and tempo.
 III. Romance is written in a time signature of 3/4. It begins in B major with a tempo marking of "Andante con sentimento." It transitions to D major with a tempo marking of "con anima."  It concludes in B minor with a tempo marking of "a tempo dolente."
 IV. Scene Fantastique: Le Ballet des Revenants is written in a time signature of 4/4. It begins in B minor with a tempo marking of "Allegro ma non troppo." It transitions to 2/4 with a marking of "L'istesso tempo."  From there, it stays in 2/4 but transitions to G major and B minor in turn.  The concluding section's key signature is B minor, but the section is functionally in B major via the use of accidentals.  That concluding section is marked "più moderato."

This piece was performed frequently by Clara, especially during her early career.
Chopin heard her perform this piece, along with her op. 6 and op. 7, and he left with a copy of the score for the op. 5, "over which he had declared himself especially enchanted and enthusiastic—and leaving a page for her album behind him. Anyone who looks at this Op. 5 more closely will easily be convinced by the lively opening and the beautiful elegiac middle movement, that Chopin's praise by no means sprang from mere gallantry."

The Pièces caractéristiques were recorded by Jozef De Beenhouwer for the Classic Produktion Osnabrück label in 2001 as part of Clara Schumann: Complete Piano Works (cpo 9997582)

See also
List of compositions by Clara Schumann

References

External links

Compositions by Clara Schumann
Compositions for solo piano
1836 compositions

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Free Picks » Soccer Picks » Lorient vs Montpellier Prediction, 12/29/2022 Ligue 1 Soccer Pick, Tips and Odds
Lorient vs Montpellier Prediction, 12/29/2022 Ligue 1 Soccer Pick, Tips and Odds
by Tony Sink - 12/27/2022
Game: Lorient vs Montpellier
Date: Thursday, December 29, 2022
Location: Stade du Moustoir in Lorient, France
TV: Fanatiz USA
Odds/Point Spread: Lorient (+103) Montpellier (+250)
The Paillade (4-2-9) are on their way to Stade du Moustoir on Thursday where they will attempt to beat the Merlucciidaes (8-4-3). Lorient are priced at +103 while the Paillade are at +250. The betting total comes in at 2.5. The goaltenders who are expected to start will be Vito Mannone for Lorient and Jonas Omlin for Montpellier.
The Merlucciidaes sit at 11th in regard to expected goals having 20.2, and the xGA sit at 22.6. FC Lorient has given up 21 goals while allowing 1.40 goals per 90, and opposing teams have earned 73 shots on target on them. This team's differential on goals is at 5 by way of 26 goals scored in addition to 21 goals given up. They have recorded 3 shut outs, which has them sitting at a % of 20.0 so far this season. Lorient has earned 53 saves and also hold a save percentage of 71.2 over the course of the season. Lorient has recorded 18 yellow cards on the season in addition to 1 red card. So far this year, this team is averaging 1.87 pts per fixture (28 points) and rank 8th in soccer with 16 assists.
Get all of our Soccer Parlay Picks
Montpellier has recorded 24 goals and this squad's goals expected on the campaign is at 18.3. This club's goals against per 90 is at 1.93 in addition to 48 saves, and they have 2 shut outs. This season, Montpellier HSC has a save rate of 67.9 (78 SoTA), and have a ranking of 13th in soccer with 14 points. Montpellier sits at 11th in relation to goals allowed having 29, and the team's goal differential is sitting at -5. Montpellier HSC has tallied a CS% of 13.3 so far this year and also 31 yellow card warnings. The Paillade average 0.9 points per match while earning 17 assists and 5 red cards.
The man protecting the net for Lorient is Vito Mannone. Mannone has played for 19,603 minutes and has 801 stops in his pro soccer career. His goals against per 90 minutes is 1.36 (296 goals allowed) and his save % is .731. The goalkeeper born in Italy has had 1,096 shots tried against him in 216 career starts. Mannone (69-63-84 mark in his professional soccer career) has recorded 59 clean sheets, which gives him a 27.3% clean sheet percentage.
Jonas Omlin will reside in front of the goal for Montpellier. So far in his career, Omlin has allowed 217 goals while tallying 489 saves in 180 starts. He has surrendered 1.22 goals per 90 while earning a record of 76-40-62. He sports a save percentage of .711 and his clean sheet rate is 22.2%. Omlin has accumulated 40 shutouts and defended 688 shots tried against him in 15,950 career minutes.
Ibrahima Kone is one member of the team who can be a force for Lorient. The forward from Mali has totaled 26 goals in 4,877 professional minutes. Kone has been given a starting assignment in 53 matches in his pro soccer career while he scores 0.48 goals per 90 mins. He has accounted for 7 assists while earning 16 yellow cards so far in his career.
Montpellier features a difference maker in Elye Wahi, who opposing coaches will have to gameplan for in this fixture. The forward hailing from France has earned 3,509 professional minutes while scoring 19 goals. He is currently averaging 0.49 goals per 90 minutes and has started 38 contests in his career. He has totaled 7 yellow cards during his pro soccer career and has assisted on a goal 3 times.
Who will win tonight's Ligue 1 game against the spread?
Tony Sink's Pick: Take Lorient (+103)


text:
Q: Создание списков и словарей Здравствуйте!
У меня есть список, состоящий из, допустим, 5000 элементов. Создал я его с помощью цикла for или генератора списка. После заполнения значениями я могу обращаться к любому из них, но как сделать, чтобы не запускать скрипт каждый раз и заполнять список, а записать его один раз и потом либо дополнять, либо править и чтобы была возможность импорта в другие модули? Потому что запуская скрипт, создавая список из n-го количества элементов - это очень долго.
Может, в таком случае необходимо пользоваться базами данных? Прошу прощения, если неясно объяснил суть вопроса. :)
A: Если создавать список из 5000 (маленькое число) элементов слишком долго при старте программы, то можно попробовать оптимизировать её производительность или считывать уже посчитанные данные с диска, сети и т.д., если это занимает приемлемое время, или просто держать программу всё время запущенной (почему нет).
Можно использовать разные форматы для сохранения:

*

*json -- простой человеко, машино-читаемый формат, понимаемый многими языками;

*sqlite3 -- реляционная база данных в одном файле;

*pickle -- удобный, поддерживает многие Питон-объекты, как есть, что может приводить к проблемам с разными версиями программы (если классы поменялись). Непереносим и небезопасен (может привести к исполнению произвольного кода);

*shelve -- как словарь, но на диске (использует pickle внутри).

чтобы была возможность импорта в другие модули

Можно просто объект глобальный импортировать (сам список или прокси, с определённым интерфейсом, например, чтобы запретить модификацию другими модулями):
from source_module import your_list_proxy

item = your_list_proxy[index]

Подскажите еще, пожалуйста, а возможно ли списки записывать в таблицы postresql?

@Piroru: возможно. Существует несколько способов, например, каждый элемент списка в свою строку в таблице (или даже несколько таблиц) или весь список как одна json колонка.  Какой вариант выбрать, заслуживает отдельного вопроса (ещё вопрос, какую ORM использовать или использовать ли вообще). Что может помочь ответить на вопрос: что за список, какие операции с ним необходимо производить, как часто, какие требования к производительности, переносимости на разные системы, возможности по установке Питон-пакетов с Pypi.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Biographical information about Laurent DeGive has not been determined.
This collection contains a certificate and document given Laurent DeGive by the Belgian government, as consul for Belgium in Atlanta, Georgia, and a gravestone rubbing.
Laurent DeGive collection, MSS 483, Kenan Research Center at the Atlanta History Center.


Just last week, the President told a crowd in North Carolina that Republicans are in favor of, quote, "dirtier air, dirtier water, and less people with health insurance." Can you think of a pettier way to describe sincere disagreements between the two parties on regulation and health care?
Just for the record: why is this petty? Why is it anything but a literal description of GOP proposals to weaken environmental regulation and repeal the Affordable Care Act?
I mean, to the extent that the GOP has a coherent case on environmental regulation, it is that the economic payoff from weaker regulation would more than compensate for the dirtier air and water. Is anyone really claiming that less regulation won't mean more pollution?
And Republicans have not proposed anything that would make up for the loss of the measures in the ACA that would lead to more people being insured. Let me also point out that whatever else you think of it, Romneycare — which is essentially the same as the ACA — clearly has sharply reduced the number of uninsured people in Massachusetts.
So Ryan is outraged,outraged, that Obama is offering a wholly accurate description of his party's platform.
Let me add that this illustrates a point that many commenters here don't seem to get: criticism of policy proposals is not the same thing as ad hominem attacks. If I say that Paul Ryan's mother was a hamster and his father smelt of elderberries, that's ad hominem. If I say that his plan would hurt millions of people and that he's not being honest about the numbers, that's harsh, but not ad hominem.
And you really have to be somewhat awed when people who routinely accuse Obama of being a socialist get all weepy over him saying that eliminating protections against pollution would lead to more pollution.


text:
Episode #216 - Take Me To The City
Matt and Chris play jams from the world of garage rock, punk, post-punk and beyond by Straight Arrows (Sydney, Australia), Naked Roommate (Oakland, CA), Shame (London, UK), Terry (Melbourne, Australia) and more.
Food news features Arby's meat mountain, air protein, and Slipknot vs Burger King.
This week's edition of the eBay Price is Right.
Australian track of the week: "21st Century" by Straight Arrows.
01 - Straight Arrows - 21st Century straightarrows.bandcamp.com/album/on-top
02 - Tne Balloon Farm - A Question Of Temperature
03 - The Gruesomes - What's Your Problem?
04 - Hinds - Spanish Bombs (The Clash) hinds.bandcamp.com/album/spanish-bombs
***Talking break***
05 - Gomme - Wuthering Heights gommegomme.bandcamp.com/album/hiss
06 - CCFX - The One To Wait ccfx.bandcamp.com/album/ccfx-ep
07 - Naked Roommate - Mad Love nakedroommate.bandcamp.com/album/do-the-duvet
08 - Terry - Take Me To The City terryhq.bandcamp.com/album/remember-terry
Matt's 2018 interview with Terry: www.50thirdand3rd.com/terry-the-50thirdand3rd-interview/
09 - Thee Oh Sees - Chem-Farmer ohsees.bandcamp.com/album/carrion-crawler-the-dream
10 - Girls At Our Best - Politics www.girlsatourbest.com
11 - Total Control - Carpet Rash ironlungpv.bandcamp.com/album/henge-beat-lp-lungs-021
12 - Shame - Tasteless shamebanduk.bandcamp.com/album/songs-of-praise
13 - Yucky Duster - Elementary School Dropout yuckyduster.bandcamp.com/album/dusters-lament
Production notes: Due to music licensing issues, full episodes including music are only available on Spotify and Mixcloud. Talking version without music is available on other podcast platforms.
Intro music: "Dephase" by Roboy. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons 4.0 Attribution License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/


I am voting "yes" on the Marco Island ambulance referendum because we cannot trust Collier County to deliver on its promises.
"Is this the same County EMS that took away 14 drugs from Marco Island Fire certified paramedics, preventing them from giving live-saving drugs to those suffering from a heart attack, stroke, or allergic reaction?" Yes.
"Is this the same County EMS that took away the only ambulance stationed on Marco Island leaving us without an emergency transport during Hurricane Irma?" Yes.
"Is this the same County EMS chief that has said on the record that she would pull the ambulance from Marco Island again in a future storm situation?" Yes.
"Is this the same County EMA chairman that wants to raise Marco Island residents' taxes for the bare minimum services we get right now?" Yes.
"Is this the same County that uses Marco Island as a piggybank for County projects and services and gives a fraction back?" Yes.
Collier County giveth and Collier County taketh away. Take back control by voting YES for our city ambulance service!
You are experiencing crushing chest pain from a heart attack and can barely breathe. Marco paramedics arrive in four minutes or less, give life-saving meds as needed and transport you immediately to a hospital.
Or Marco paramedics arrive, do chest compressions, then stand around another five minutes waiting for Collier County paramedics to arrive.
Sure, Collier County tells us their response times meet the standard. That's because Marco paramedics arrive first and that bolsters Collier's response times.
If I am having a heart attack, I want faster response and transport times. I prefer sooner over later any day. I am voting YES for the COPCN.
It is pointless to name a medical director until the COPCN has been voter approved. It would be reckless to appoint a director until an advisory panel of medical and business experts has been established to thoroughly review and vet all applicants. The advisory panel would recommend an individual who has a proven successful background in emergency medicine and one who will answer to the needs of Marco Island citizens.
Ambulance service for Marco Island is not something that will happen overnight, nor should it. Time and careful planning are critical for transitioning control from the County to the City's future medical director who will effectively manage Marco's emergency medical service.
A bonus for us, there is already an inter-local agreement in place with the County. When needed, Marco will back the county, and the county will back Marco Island.
To qualm a previous writer's concerns, the medical director appointment would be a lifesaving appointment. There is absolutely no place, nor should there ever be, for a political platform when seeking quality lifesaving emergency medical service that will provide Marco Island with faster response and transport times.
I have confidence that Marco Island will hire an excellent medical director. I am voting yes for the COPCN. I believe it could save my life and my life is worth paying an extra $2 a week.
Having leaders and law enforcement officials who get into positions to cater to personal agendas is what's going on in the United States of America. We don't need law officers or presidents who worry about what's going on in other nations while neglecting what's going on in this one.
Who works in supermarkets, hospitals, pharmacies, etc., is crucial to the safety of our food and medical care. Presidents and law enforcement officials don't seem to be concerned until a complaint is filed regarding these areas. They should know how criminals and other terrorists work before complaints are filed. Not everyone reports to law enforcement or to the president. This sight comes from God or intuition working in someone.
When criminals play political leaders or law enforcement they don't use intuition, they use "smarts." Criminals depend on a smart, deceptive way to keep themselves in control. But they contradict their performance when it's obvious intuition doesn't work for them.
The medical field and shopping areas are a playground for crime and terrorism, yet they run themselves until law enforcement proves with rare evidence that they commit crimes in these positions. You don't usually hear about Jane Doe dying from medication or John Doe in the hospital from food poisoning.
The fact of the matter is that people are no good when God isn't working in them.
I have been reading the letters to the editor about the customary use (beach bill) law recently passed by the Florida Legislature. Since I live on Marco Island and the beach is very important to me, I became concerned by the comments in the letters that the bill privatizes the beaches in this state. So I decided to find out all I could about this new law.
I first contacted Florida Realtors since I'm a member. Florida Realtors has a good explanation of the bill on its website. It says that public access to Florida's beaches is not cut off under the new law and that the law only changes the process a local government would follow to adopt a customary use ordinance in order to expand public access to private beachfront property. That seems to me to be a good thing, which would actually increase public access, not close it.
I also read the bill. There is nothing in the bill at all about privatizing the beaches or blocking public access.
I'm not sure where all the negativity in the letters comes from, but I suspect it's a political ploy to disparage our Republican-led Legislature in this highly contentious election year. So, to anyone who has concerns about beach access, I suggest you read the bill itself. It should set your mind at rest.


The Multicultural Community Centre (MCC) was established in 1989, in Chinatown, to meet needs of Brisbane's Culturally And Linguistically Diverse (CALD) community, in the specific local communities of Fortitude Valley and New Farm, and in the wider Brisbane community.
MCC was formally incorporated in 1996 and operates as a charitable organisation (a public benevolent institution) in its own privately-funded building at 977 Ann Street Fortitude Valley. MCC targets migrants, the disadvantaged, the poor and the elderly. MCC is actively involved in combating any forms of racism and acts as an advocate and liaison body where government and non-government bodies are concerned. It also actively promotes multiculturalism and cultural maintenance of traditions, language and customs.


Each resident (with the exception of certain minors living in graduate housing) is provided with a room/apartment/suite key(s) upon move in to their MIT housing assignment, which they are responsible for returning when they move out at the end of the academic year/license agreement.
Keys will only be issued to the authorized residents of the assigned housing. MIT staff are not permitted to issue a key to a friend, family member, or designee, unless otherwise stated below. Residents are prohibited from giving their keys to anyone who is not an authorized occupant (as defined below).
Residents are prohibited from duplicating room, apartment, or house keys, or possessing a master key. Residents may be subject to severe disciplinary action for unauthorized use of keys.
Keys will only be issued to the MIT-licensed resident and authorized occupants of the licensed resident's specific room or unit.
At the request of the licensed resident, MIT will issue one key for the resident's unit, and one access card for the building to each authorized occupant age nine (9) or older.
Keys and access cards are intended solely for use by the licensed resident and their authorized occupants. Authorized occupants are also prohibited from giving their keys to anyone else.
An "authorized occupant" is defined as the spouse, domestic partner, dependent child, or legal dependent of a MIT-licensed resident. For the purposes of this policy, Heads of House are deemed to be MIT-licensed residents.
All lost or presumed stolen access cards should be reported to the House Operations Manager or Area Director immediately. Residents will be charged $25 for each replacement access card. All access cards issued to a resident (including a resident's authorized occupants) must be returned to the House Operations Manager (or as otherwise directed by Housing & Residential Services staff) upon checkout. Residents will be billed for any access cards that are not returned.
If a resident is locked out of their room, they should go to the front desk and sign out the lock-out key. Students are required to show a valid MIT ID. If a student does not have their ID, the front desk personnel will verify the resident's identity via their yellow card and by asking informational questions. Under no circumstance shall a room key be given to anyone but the resident of that specific room.
Residents are required to return their lock-out key within 30 minutes of signing out the key. If the key is not returned within 30 minutes, the resident may be fined no less than $30. The fee amount is dependent on how long the key remains signed out past the initial 30-minute period.
If no lock-out key is available, residents should notify their house operations manager or area director. If it is after hours, residents should call (617) 253-1500 and ask for Housing Unit 12.
All lost or presumed stolen keys should be reported to the house operations manager or area director immediately. At that time, all locks accessible by that key will be rekeyed immediately. The first time a resident needs a new key(s), they will be charged $30. After the first replacement, the resident may be charged a $150 lock replacement fee.
All keys issued at move-in must be returned to the house operations manager--or as directed--upon checkout or the resident will be charged a $150 lock replacement fee.


The Together Collective – Music to be shared TOGETHER!
fundraser celebration for dear friend Nicole Ramsey!
'DRONES' NOW AVAILABLE ON ITUNES!
Our new single 'Drones' is set to be released by the end of January 2019! We're very proud and super excited to get it out to the people for mass consumption! Stay tuned!
The Together Collective is taking the first part of 2019 to finish work in the studio, various side projects, and new material. Be sure to check back for upcoming shows beginning in May 2019!


The Canon EOS R just hit the street this month. Dave and Evelyn had the opportunity to test it for several weeks in the real world. They also talked to special guests Mike Drew and Rob Galbraith to see what their thoughts are on one of the most talked about camera launches of 2018.
NEXT POST Next post: Keeping Electroneum in an Exchange Because of KYC?


text:
Around the World with Corey Sandler
VISIT MAIN WEBSITE AT www.coreysandler.com
Tag Archives: Honningsvåg
30 June 2019:
Honningsvåg and Nordkapp, Norway:
The Far North
June 30, 2019 Corey Sandler
By Corey Sandler
We've reached the top of Norway.
Honningsvåg is the northernmost city on the mainland of Norway.
There are a few gotchas in that description. Mainland, not on an island. City, not a town or village or settlement.
Honningsvåg has only about 2,484 inhabitants, which is below the Norwegian definition of a city as a place with at least 5,000 residents. But its status as a city was grandfathered in place.
Searching for a northeast passage to India in 1553, British navigator Richard Chancellor—among the early explorers of the far north—came upon a jut of rock 307 meters or 1,007 feet above the Barents Sea.
Chancellor named the dramatic landscape North Cape.
A small fishing village near the cape was totally destroyed by the Germans in 1944 and never rebuilt.
What today is called Nordkapp, North Cape, arose in 1950 as the northernmost municipality on the mainland of Europe.
The steep cliff of North Cape at 71 degrees 10 minutes North Latitude is about 2,102 kilometers or 1,306 miles from the geographic North Pole. But it is not the northernmost piece of land in Europe to purists like me.
The tourist attraction at Nordkapp includes a metallic sculpture of planet earth a display of art and artifacts, plus a gift shop.
Nordkapp is just across the bay from the actual northernmost piece of land in Europe.
So why is the gift shop there?
Because Nordkapp has a road, a parking lot for buses, and plumbing and electricity.
Neighboring Knivskjellodden Point, just to the west, extends about a mile further north. But that place is a rather difficult hike and has no parking lot or plumbing.
But actually, since both of these points are situated on an island, some purists will maintain that neither is on the mainland of Europe.
And so, they point to Cape Nordkinn (Kinnarodden) about 70 kilometers or 43 miles to the east. It's not quite as far north, but it is on the mainland of Europe.
Silver Wind at the pier in Honningsvåg, the big fish in a sea of fishing boats.
Repurposing some of the tools of winter with hopes of summer.
Nordkapp, which is near the northernmost piece of mainland Europe. The actual northernmost finger of land is almost inaccessible and doesn't have space for tour buses to visit.
The marker at Nordkapp.
All photos and text Copyright 2019 by Corey Sandler, all rights reserved. See more photos on my website at http://www.coreysandler.com
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Around the World with Corey SandlerCorey SandlerHonningsvågNordkappNorth CapeNorwaySandlerSilversea
25 July 2018:
The Top of Europe, Or So They Say
July 25, 2018 Corey Sandler
There are a few gotchas in that description. Mainland, not on an island. And city, not a town or village or settlement.
That said, Honningsvag has only about 2,436 inhabitants which is below the Norwegian definition of a city as a place with at least 5,000 residents. But its status as a city was grandfathered in place.
All photos by Corey Sandler, all rights reserved.
It's a rather small place, too, especially in the wide open spaces up north. The city consists of 1.2 square kilometers or 300 acres. Honningsvåg is within a bay on the southeastern side of the large island of Magerøya.
The ice-free ocean in the southwestern Barents Sea draws cruise ships in the summer and fishing vessels most of the year.
There are at least five large docks in the port, which makes it an almost irresistible lure for cruise ships.
Nordkapp. All photos by Corey Sandler, all rights reserved.
The famous Nordkapp or North Cape and its visitors center is on the northern side of the island.
Nordkapp has a road and a parking lot for buses and plumbing and electricity. But it is not mainland Europe's northernmost point, even though that is exactly how it is advertised.
The steep cliff of North Cape at 71 degrees 10 minutes North Latitude is about 2,102 kilometers or 1,306 miles from the geographic North Pole.
But the neighboring Knivskjellodden Point, just to the west, extends about a mile further north. But that place is rather difficult to get to except by a somewhat arduous hiking path.
So North Cape gets the glory.
All photos and text Copyright 2018 by Corey Sandler, all rights reserved.
Around the World with Corey SandlerCorey SandlerHonningsvågNordkappNorwaySandlerSilversea
Honningsvåg, Norway:
The Northernmost* City of Europe
Honningsvåg is the northernmost* city on the mainland of Norway.
*There are a few gotchas in that description. Mainland, not on an island. And city, not a town or village or settlement.
(And in case you are wondering, Murmansk in Russia just around the corner is slightly to the south and Reykjavik in Iceland is not on the mainland.)
That said, Honningsvag has only about 2,436 inhabitants which is below the Norwegian definition of a city as a place with at least 5,000 residents. But its status as a city wa s grandfathered in place.
COLD COMFORT TODAY
Tomorrow is midsummer's day here in Norway but we arrived this morning to find wintry conditions: 4 degrees Celsius or a bit less than 40 degrees Fahrenheit and drizzle.
But we spent the day walking around what is for us a familiar place in a very remote corner of the world.
Here is some of what we saw.
It's a rather small place, too, especially in the wide open spaces up north. The city consists of 1.2 square kilometers or 300 acres, within a bay on the southeastern side of the large island of Magerøya.
The famous North Cape and its visitors center is on the northern side of the island.
Searching for a northeast passage to India in 1553, British navigator Richard Chancellor—among the early explorers of the far north—came upon a jut of rock 307 meters or 1,007 feet above the Barents Sea. Chancellor named the place North Cape.
It's a dramatic place, a rite of passage for many visitors to the far north. There are a small number of Sami people who still live something close to a traditional life in the far north.
The tourist attraction at Nordkapp, which includes a metallic sculpture of the planet earth—plus a display of art and artifacts, plus a gift shop, is just across the bay from the actual northernmost piece of land in Europe.
Why is the visitors center not at the actual northernmost spot in Europe? Because the northernmost spot is at the end of a narrow and somewhat fragile cliff, and there's no place to park tourist buses.
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Around the World with Corey SandlerCorey SandlerHonningsvågNorwaySandlerSilversea
26 June 2013. Honningsvåg, Norway: Almost All the Way North
By Corey Sandler, Destination Consultant Silversea Cruises
There are a few gotchas in that description. Mainland, not on an island.
A city, not a town or village or settlement.
That said, Honningsvag has only about 2,436 inhabitants which is below the Norwegian definition of a city as a place with at least 5,000 residents.
But its status as a city was grandfathered in place.
A CAPTAIN EARNS HIS PAY
We arrived to face a stiff wind coming out of the north, and blowing across the dock where Silver Cloud was due to tie up.
It took us three tries, the last one with the help of a boat that came out from shore to take our lines and pull them to mooring points in the harbor. We winched ourselves alongside.
There are times when a ship's captain earns his keep in ways other than shaking hands at a formal reception line; this was one of those days.
A MEAGER PLACE
Honningsvåg is within a bay on the southeastern side of the large island of Magerøya. That name speaks volumes about the fruitfulness of the land: it means "meager."
All that seems to grow on Magerøya is lichen, huge numbers of fish, reindeer (only when they visit on summer vacation), and cloudberries.
I'll pass on the lichen, but I have tried reindeer (and caribou, the same creature) and I'm sorry to report that Rudolph is rather tasty. It reminds me of a mix between beef and calf's liver.
Cloudberries, which grow only at very high latitudes—in places like Norway and Scotland—are delicious, delicate fruit and very high in Vitamin C.
HOW FAR NORTH?
Searching for a northeast passage to India in 1553, British navigator Richard Chancellor came upon a crag 1,007 feet (307 meters) above the Barents Sea.
Chancellor named the jut of rock North Cape.
The Norwegians would later adjust that to Nordkapp.
It certainly is far north, but first of all, it is not the North Pole, and secondly it is not actually the farthest north piece of land in Europe.
The neighboring Knivskjellodden Point, just to the west, extends about a mile further north.
It's a lot harder to get to, though, and so the more convenient North Cape gets the glory. And the visitor's center, gift shop, and restaurant. The northernmost gift shop in Europe, of course.
But actually, since both of these points are situated on an island, some purists will maintain that neither is on the mainland of Europe. Instead they point to Cape Nordkinn (Kinnarodden) about 70 kilometers or 43 miles to the east. It's not quite as far north, but it is on the mainland.
The marker at North Cape, near the gift shop
And just to put things in perspective, the steep cliff of North Cape at 71 degrees 10 minutes North latitude is about 2,102 kilometers or 1,306 miles from the geographic North Pole.
In any case, the North Cape on the northern side of Magerøya island, is a dramatic place, a rite of passage for many visitors to the far north.
The drive from Honningsvåg—a city in name alone—is about a 40-minute trip across a slightly green moon-like landscape that is mostly empty. There are not that many settled places in the world above 71 degrees North, and the geography shows why.
In Finnmark County at the top of Norway, an area about the size of Switzerland, there are about 1.5 humans per square kilometer; reindeer outnumber people two-to-one.
THE SAMI
All through this region of Norway, and then across the border into Finland, are the Sami people.
They are also known in some languages as Lap or Laplanders, although modern Sami may reject that term.
Traditionally, the Sami have pursued a variety of livelihoods, including coastal fishing, fur trapping, and sheep herding.
Their best-known livelihood is semi-nomadic reindeer herding.
Since prehistoric times, the Sami people of Arctic Europe lived and worked in an area that stretches over parts of what is now northern Norway, Sweden, Finland and the Russian Kola Peninsula.
On our way to the North Cape we visited the remote home of a Sami couple. The man, who spoke little Norwegian and no English, posed with one of his favorite reindeer. His wife worked inside at the gift shop counter.
Changes in latitude, changes in attitude.
Text and photos copyright 2013 by Corey Sandler. If you would like to obtain a copy of a photo from this blog, please visit the tab Order a Photo.
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Under the Cold Moon, the End of the Beginning?
The Sky is No Limit
November 2020:
Waiting to Inhale
When Fall Comes to New England
Imagination Out of Focus
Calendar of Postings to this blog


The Lowcountry's Compass to Recovery!
Bringing hope by educating, inspiring, and celebrating addiction recovery in our community.
Our focus is to unite & lead organized recovery efforts in the Lowcountry, to serve and support every individual & family impacted by drugs & alcohol in our community. No matter who you are or where you are - we are here to help you recover.
It takes a village. Opioid, Alcohol and other addictions impact our entire community. We need additional Recovery Organizations to become members of the coalition, as well as, additional partners to become recovery allies.
The LRC was developed to bring inspiration, education & celebration to addiction recovery in the lowcountry. Addiction to opioids, alcohol and other substances is a community problem and we need the help of the community.
We Need the Support of the Community!
The Lowcountry Recovery Coalition is a community response to the addiction crisis in our community.
Copyright © 2018 Lowcountry Recovery Coalition - All Rights Reserved.


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Our shoes are designed for comfort. Throughout the past 50 years, we have learned to listen to the orthopaedic experts, research institutions and - not least - to what satisfies our customers. We emphasise that our products are of modern design and that orthopaedic footwear can be stylish as well. Our special shoes have the additional values that patients and users require, but can hardly be distinguished from high street fashion shoes.
If you are experiencing foot pain or discomfort, you should consult a foot care professional who can provide shoe selection guidance and foot orthotics. To determine the need for custom-made foot orthotics, rehabilitation footwear, custom-made or modified footwear, a detailed examination must be executed by trained professionals with the appropriate expertise.
FOOTWEAR MODIFICATIONS Footwear plays an important part in the development of toe and foot disorders. In order to improve foot function or to accommodate specific pathologies, footwear may need specific adaptations. We have the know-how and skill to discreetly blend-in these modifications without affecting style. Consult a recognised orthopaedic shoe technician to help you choose the best footwear to suit your foot type or injury.
DIABETES For patients that have diabetes and have to deal with the loss of the protective sensation in the foot, proper footwear - with adequate fit, good support in all the right places - is important for preventing or reducing the risk of lower limbs complications.
Klaveness Rehabilitation and Medical collections are created to cushion while providing proper support to the body, avoiding painful pressure points. They are designed with few seams, stitching, and rough edges, and are made of soft and smooth linings and uppers, to minimise the exposure to foot trauma caused by footwear. These collections also provide extra room to accommodate custom-made foot orthotics if necessary and can include wide opening to ease the pain of putting on and taking off footwear.
THE RHEUMATIC FOOT The foot is a fantastic instrument. A sensitive interaction between bones, joints, and muscles keeps us upright, in movement and in balance. Rheumatic pain and swollen joints disturb this interaction, causing us to place an unnatural strain on our feet. This can subsequently lead to misalignment and repetitive stress injuries in other joints. It is therefore important for persons with rheumatism to practice preventive foot care and wear appropriate footwear at an early stage.
ARTHRITIS Arthritis is a progressive and very painful disease, and it can harm and cause pain to the joints in your feet. The pain caused by arthritis is hard to ignore, and can largely interfere with one's day-to-day activities. Wearing the appropriate and well-fitted shoes are crucial to relieving pain and discomfort. With roomy toe box, seamless stretch material incorporated in the construction of the forefoot part or cushioning foam, Klaveness Medical and Rehabilitation shoes are designed to alleviate pressure, ease pain and maximise mobility for those who suffer from arthritis.
Most of our styles are also available in various extra depths so they can comfortably accommodate, when necessary, custom-made foot orthotics.
BUNIONS (HALLUX VALGUS) Some of our styles have been designed with the special needs of bunion patients in mind. In this foot condition, the joint at the base of the big toe deviates outwards. Bunions often are associated with the widening of the foot in the ball region.
Padded and seamless shoes on the forefoot area can significantly reduce pressure on the ball of the foot.
HAMMER AND CLAW TOES To prevent pressure pain, we offer styles made with stretchable material in the toe region, and free from seams against which the foot could rub, thereby reducing pressure and enhancing wearing comfort.
ODD SIZED SHOES If you have two different sized feet, Klaveness can provide an odd sized pair - a pair of shoes in the same model but in different sizes. Talk to your clinician about this possibility.
FEET MEASUREMENT :: Your feet size can change throughout your life time and one foot may be larger than the other. A knowledgeable shoe fitter should measure both of your feet to choose adequate fitting footwear.
FOOT LENGTH :: Measure the length of the feet by standing up with full pressure on both feet. It's important to get the measure from the most prominent point in the back of the heel to the longest toe.
SHOE AND FOOT SHAPE MATCH :: For a shoe to fit perfectly, the shape of your foot must match the shape of your shoe.
COMFORT :: Proper fitting footwear should feel comfortable the moment you try it on.
TOE WIGGLE ROOM :: Your toes need wiggle room to avoid getting blisters, calluses or damaged toenails. A minimum of 5mm of space should exist between the longest toe of your largest foot and the shoe.
PROPER HEEL FIT :: Footwear should fit around your heels. Place your index finger between the shoe's heel and your heel. For proper fit, you should be able to slide your finger between them.
REMOVABLE FOOTBEDS :: Prefer footwear with removable footbeds. Footbeds play an important role to create comfortable shoes, as they provide moisture management and can be replaced when they wear out. If you need custom-made foot orthotics you must require footwear with a removable footbed to accommodate it.


COSTA RICA EXTRA – In October 2016, oscar winning actress said Emma Stone told Vogue magazine she would like to visit Costa Rica. This week, Costa Rica President Luis Guillermo Solis used his Facebook profile to personally invite the La La Land actress to vacation in his homeland.
In the video, recorded in English, speaking directly to Emma, "I take your word for it, you and your team are more than welcome…", says the President.
The reference is to film being Nominated for 14 Oscars. The Oscars takes place Sunday in Los Angeles.
The President continues with his message, sitting at the piano, rolling out the red carpet playing the notes from the "City of Stars", the main song from La La Land's soundtrack, also nominated for Best Original Song.
Don't miss to watch the video.
Article originally appeared on Costaricaextra.com and is republished here with permission.


Home-plate umpire Brian O'Nora was hit in the head by a broken bat and had to leave Tuesday night's game at Kauffman Stadium between the Rockies and Royals. O'Nora was struck in the forehead by the barrel of Miguel Olivo's maple bat which snapped as he hit a ground ball in the second inning. Royals' athletic trainer Nick Swartz reported that O'Nora suffered a small laceration of the forehead and was taken to St. Luke's Hospital for treatment.
For the last couple of years there's has been much talk and debate about whether or not maple bats should be banned from baseball. Major League Baseball and the Major League Baseball Players Association agreed on Tuesday that maple bats need to be tested, although they are not ready to call for a ban.
As far as umpire O'Nora, I've always wondered why umpires behind the plate only wear a hat under their mask? There are some umpires who use the hockey mask style face and head guard, but O'Nora like many umps wears just the face guard over a hat. I'm glad he's alright and it's a freak accident, but when will MLB or the umpire's union wake up and require umpires to wear a helmet similar to what the first and third base coaches wear under their mask. Had he been wearing that type of protection, the side of O'Nora's head wouldn't have been cut.


text:
201652 Conward John BANNING
According to Burbage School records, Conward John Banning was born on 21st December 1896; son of John Conward and Eliza Banning. He was baptised at All Saints' Church in Burbage in March 1897. In 1901 he was living on the High Street with parents, sister Margaret and younger brother Henry Alfred. His father was a Blacksmith. He went to school in the village from June 1905 to December 1910. The family were still in Burbage for the 1911 Census.
Pte Banning served with the 2/4th Hampshire Regiment. Records show that his battalion formed at Salisbury plain in September 1914, sailed for India in December, returned first to Suez in April 1917 and then France in June 1918.
The service record for Conward Banning was probably destroyed during the 1940 blitz. Theoretically, he would have had to wait until his 18th birthday in December 1914 to join the Army and then could not serve overseas until he was 19. So he could have joined the Battalion in India in 1915. The Battalion returned to Egypt in April 1917.
46318 Reginald Percy BELBEN
Reginald was John and Alice's third son. He was born on 18th March 1900, Christened at All Saints' Church, Burbage on 1st July the same year and attended Burbage School from 1st June 1908.
Reg joined the Wiltshire Regiment and was seconded to 2nd Battalion the Hampshire Regiment.


On Monday, March 17, 2003 at London City Council refused to consider a resolution in support of Canada's opposition to an attack on Iraq without the approval of the UN Security Council. Board of Control noted and filed a letter requesting a resolution to be passed against a war on Iraq and Council refused my request to vote against the filing of the request which in effect buried it. However, no organized effort was made by community groups to urge City Council to adopt a resolution against the war on Iraq.
Previously I had sent a copy of an article to all members of City Council noting that Regina City Council took a stand against the war. Board of Control received a request from Anna Edit, a UWO student, to pass a resolution against the war but noted and filed the request effectively ignoring it. The letter to Board of Control requesting that a Motion against the war was well intentioned but not part of a proper political campaign which stood much of a chance of being accepted. Council had to defeat the recommendation of Board of Control in order to bring forward a resolution which I had prepared and stated I was going to present to Council. I had prepared a Motion to be seconded by Ward 6 Councillor David Winninger but because Council voted 13 to 6 in favour of filing the request there was no opportunity to present a Motion to oppose an attack on Iraq without UN Security Council approval. I had previously approached Councillors Sandy Levin and David Winninger that if they were prepared to move a motion I would second it. There are good reasons for me not to move a motion due to my extensive past involvement with Middle East issues. However, nobody on Council was prepared to move a Motion so at the last minute I prepared one for Monday, March 17, 2003 meeting.
Only six councillors voted against the Board of Control recommendation to note and file the request for a Motion against a war on Iraq. Those who voted to oppose filing and ignoring the request were Councillors David Winninger, Harold Usher, Ab Chahbar, Joni Baechler, Susan Eagle and myself Ed Corrigan. The Councillors who voted in favour of ignoring the request were Mayor Anne Marie DeCicco, Deputy Mayor Russ Montieth, Controllers Bud Pohill, Gord Hume, Joe Swan, Councillors Sandy Levin, Rob Alder, Bernie MacDonald, Fred Tranquilli, Roger Caranci, Bill Armstrong, Cheryl Miller and Gary Williams.
Most of Council was opposed to discussing this issue. However, it must be noted that there was virtually no campaign from the Arab and Muslim community and virtually none from the peace activists community targeting City Council. Unfortunately there was no community support on for this issue and only two emails in favour of passing a resolution and no virtually campaign to get London City Council to take a position against the war. It that sense there is little surprise in the majority of the members of City Council were not interested in expressing any concern or opposition to an attack on Iraq.
In fairness, however, some Councillors, such as Sandy Levin, who are generally supportive of the peace movement and social justice issues do not think that City Council is the appropriate place to pass resolutions on International issues like Iraq. However, over 150 Cities across North America including Vancouver, New York City and Washington have passed resolutions opposing an attack on Iraq without the prior approval of the UN Security Council. This was an opportunity missed for London to officially voice its opposition to an attack on Iraq without the approval of the United Nations Security Council. People who are interested in this issue should remember who voted against ignoring this issue and remember the names of those who refused to deal with the war against on the people of Iraq.


text:
Q: In Firebase Database, How do I get the unique ID when I know the value? My database looks similar to this:

I'm trying to get the ID that is highlighted below. I already know "Item 2" but getting the key is confusing. Thanks

A: You're looking for orderByValue in that case.
Something like this:
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    print(event.snapshot.key)
});


text:
Mikael Minasjan (armenisch Միքայել Մինասյան; * 1. Oktober 1977 in Jerewan, Armenische Sozialistische Sowjetrepublik, UdSSR) ist ein armenischer Diplomat, Medienunternehmer und ehemaliger Botschafter der Republik Armenien beim Heiligen Stuhl, dem Souveränen Malteserorden und in Portugal.

Werdegang
Minasjan besuchte Anfang der 1990er Jahre Ca' Zenobio degli Armeni, ein armenisches Kolleg in Venedig. 1996 erwarb er seinen Bachelorabschluss. Vier Jahre später schloss er mit Auszeichnung die Universität Triest ab. Im Jahr 2004 verteidigte er an der Armenischen Nationalen Akademie der Wissenschaften seine Dissertation.

Minasjan war zwischen 1999 und 2002 im Büro von Demetrij (Mitja) Volčič, dem slowenisch-stämmigen italienischen Politiker und dem damaligen Mitglied des Europäischen Parlaments tätig, wobei er u. a. als Berater für die EU-Südkaukasus-Beziehungen zuständig war.

Von 2005 bis 2013 war Minasjan Honorarkonsul von San Marino in Armenien. Mit der Wahl von Sersch Sargsjan zum Präsidenten Armeniens im März 2008 rückte er zum ersten stellvertretenden Stabschef der Präsidialverwaltung auf und behielt diesen Posten bis 2011.

Am 9. März 2013 wurde Minasjan zum Botschafter Armeniens beim Heiligen Stuhl ernannt. Im selben Jahr erfolgte die Berufung zum Botschafter Armeniens beim Souveränen Malteserorden (mit Amtssitz in Vatikan). Im Mai 2016 wurde er Botschafter in Portugal (mit Amtssitz in Vatikan). Im November 2018 wurde er entlassen.

Kritik und Anschuldigungen
Im April 2020 warf das Komitee für Staatseinnahmen Armeniens Minasjan vor, sich illegal bereichert, falsche Angaben in seiner Einkommens- und Vermögenserklärung getätigt und das mit kriminellen Mitteln angeeignete Eigentum legalisiert zu haben. Per Gerichtsbeschluss wurde er zur Fahndung ausgeschrieben.

Minasjan hat ein angespanntes Verhältnis zu Nikol Paschinjan, dem amtierenden Premierminister Armeniens. Auf seiner Facebook-Seite veröffentlicht er seit Mai 2020 regelmäßig Videos, in denen er die von Paschinjan geführte Regierung unter anderem der Schmuggelgeschäfte (etwa mit Brillanten und Zigaretten) beschuldigt. Ihm zufolge habe Paschinjan Armenien in das internationale Mafia-System einbezogen. Laut Minasjan, habe der damalige Leiter des Staatssicherheitsdienstes Artur Wanezjan im Auftrag des Premierministers ein Angebot überreicht, an eine armenische Stiftung eine "symbolische Geldsumme" zu überweisen. Im Gegenzug würde Minasjan "ruhig leben" dürfen. Das Angebot sei von Minasjan abgelehnt worden. Wegen dieser Aussagen wurde Wanezjan (bereits nach seinem Rücktritt vom Amt des Direktors des Staatssicherheitsdienstes) im Mai 2020 zum Sonderermittlungskomitee Armeniens vorgeladen.

Mitte Mai leitete das Sonderermittlungskomitee Armeniens ein neues Verfahren gegen Minasjan wegen Amtsmissbrauchs ein. Die neuen Vorwürfe beziehen sich auf den Zeitraum von 2007 bis 2012, als Minasjan Assistent des Premierministers und stellvertretender Leiter der Präsidialverwaltung war. Er bestreitet die erhobenen Vorwürfe und bezeichnet diese als politisch motiviert.

Privates
Minasjan ist mit Anusch Sargsjan, der Tochter des ehemaligen Präsidenten Armeniens Sersch Sargsjan, verheiratet und hat zwei Kinder. Sargsjan musste im April 2018 im Zuge der Revolution in Armenien sein Amt niederlegen.

Einzelnachweise

Armenischer Botschafter beim Heiligen Stuhl
Armenischer Botschafter in Portugal
Botschafter beim Malteserorden
Politiker (Armenien)
Politiker (21. Jahrhundert)
Sowjetbürger
Armenier
Geboren 1977
Mann