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Reptilekeeping In Ireland
Leanne Dunlop March 6, 2018 6:16 pm
Reptilekeeping has become more popular in Ireland over the last 10 years.
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Could Saint Patrick's supernatural ability to famously rid Ireland of all snakes upon his arrival in the fifth century be the reason none occur there? Whether or not the apparently ophidiophobic saint really had anything to do with it, it is true there are no indigenous Irish snake species and, in fact, only one reptile resides on Irish soil: the common lizard (Zootoca [formerly Lacerta] vivipara, also known as the viviparous lizard).
reptiles4all/shutterstock
In my 33 years of living in the stunningly beautiful countryside of Northern Ireland, I have never seen a common lizard. Nor have I seen any of the leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) that are sometimes spotted in the waters off the coast. Yet, despite the rarity of wild reptiles in the country, reptile ownership, and enthusiasm for the animals in general, is a hobby that been trending upward here in the past decade. So I decided to take a look at some of the current reptile-related goings-on across Ireland, to determine if my homeland really is a herpetological desert or if some hidden herping pots o' gold could be discovered.
An Uncommon Sighting Of the Common Lizard (Zootoca [formerly Lacerta] vivipara)
In August 2016, over the course of three hours, more than 40 common lizards, including 16 newborns, were observed basking in the summer sunshine at Slievenacloy Nature Reserve in the Belfast Hills by local volunteer Philip McErlean.
Horia Bogdan/Shutterstock
Slievenacloy Nature Reserve provides an ideal home for these secretive creatures, the common lizard (Zootoca vivipara).
Retirement led Philip, who's from Belfast, to take up surveying the lizards across Northern Ireland in 2011. Prior to this, like most people in Ireland, he was unaware of their existence, even though Northern Ireland — made up of the six counties of Antrim, Down, Tyrone, Fermanagh, Londonderry and Armagh — had actually designated the common lizard, as the Province's only native reptile, an officially protected species (it is also protected in the Republic of Ireland, comprised of all the other counties on the island).
One of the ways this solo native reptile has survived and settled in Ireland is by adaptation, surviving the cooler Irish climate by hatching its eggs internally and giving birth to live young in the later summer months. During winter, the lizard hibernates. McErlean explained, "During the summer there is a great boost to numbers, with lots of little, dark-colored, baby lizards making an appearance, though last year, the poor spring and summer weather contributed to a huge drop in the birth rate."
Slievenacloy Nature Reserve provides an ideal home for these secretive creatures – rough field margins and open sunny banks protected from grazing, and unimproved grassland providing a plentiful supply of insects. Common lizards, therefore, are at least one wild reptile you can go herping for in Ireland. However, they're not the only reptiles to be found.
Ireland's National Reptile Zoo
James Hennessy, from Kilkenny in the Republic of Ireland, owns and operates Ireland's National Reptile Zoo, the only establishment of its kind across the entire island. It opened to the public 10 years ago and has been thriving year-by-year since. "I was bringing a lot of my collections home with me, and opening [the zoo] became a bit of a necessity," he explained, "after travelling around South America, Africa and Asia.
Caspian Summer/Shutterstock
The National Reptile Zoo is home to a six foot Gaboon viper, like this one.
"A certain section of the reptile industry has grown, and the advent of the internet has made more stuff available to people in Ireland," Hennessy continues. "[The reptile-keeping hobby] is now more accessible here. Impulse buys have increased, but for those with a major passion, that has always been there." He explains that in the Republic of Ireland, there are no licensing laws governing the ownership of reptiles, whereas in Northern Ireland (which is a part of the UK), there is.
"We've got two American alligators that are 12 feet long. One of them is named Battle, and he was one of the last alligators to come to Europe from Florida before new laws preventing this went into effect about 20 years ago. He came to us from a zoo that closed down in England. They are breeding quite well in Europe, and there are alligators available in the UK and within Europe, though they are not being bred in Ireland."
When asked about visitors' reactions to the reptiles at the National Reptile Zoo, Hennessy states, "For the Irish public who come here, they are often fearful when they come in and are quite shocked to see all these rare reptiles, but then it's very educational. The way we present the animals, visitors come to realize reptiles are not the evil beings they may have thought they were before they came in! Kids from kindergarten to college come and visit us. We are very family oriented, and during the summer, the National Reptile Zoo can have up to 25,000 or more visitors.
"Visitors are quite taken with our rhino iguana, a large and impressive animal named Jarred, as he tends to come up to the glass to head-bob at them. They also find our venomous species fascinating. Our monocled cobras are always a favorite, especially during feeding time. Our 6-foot Gaboon viper also tends to amaze people. Her sheer girth tends to leave people in awe."
According to Hennessey, the National Reptile Zoo houses 170 individual animals comprising 60 species. They include saltwater crocodiles, Fiji iguanas, a Chinese alligator, roughneck monitors, crocodile monitors, a pancake tortoise, casque-headed iguanas, blue-tongued skinks, caiman lizards, scheltopusiks, green anacondas and alligator snapping turtles to name just a few.
Hennessy described what visitors could expect. "The zoo is self guided for the average visitor. There are 50 exhibits with placards detailing each species inside, their habitat, conservation status, etc. We also incorporate as much interaction as we can in order to gain the public's empathy for reptiles, to further our conservation goals. As such we have Animal Encounter Sessions every hour, using two different animals each time, during which we let visitors get closer and even hold certain species. We also do our health checks and take morphometric data during some of these sessions, showing the public the kind of work that's carried out here.
"We also have an Interactive Tropical Dome containing green iguanas, red- and yellow-footed tortoises and a few other species, where visitors are taken inside to experience the true feel of where these animals live. All the animals inside it are free roaming, and visitors can come into contact with them."
Hennessy's obvious passion for his work with reptiles and activism shines through. "I don't see it as a job, really. I see it as a vocation. I and the staff (five in the winter, up to 12 in the summer) almost see the animals as family. We enjoy seeing Irish people's attitude change after they've been through our doors. They go from fearing the reptiles to being in awe of them."
Meanwhile, in County Antrim
On a quiet Saturday afternoon, together with my two nieces and nephew, aged 9, 4 and 7 respectively, I went on an Irish type of herping adventure and viewed an exciting gathering of rare reptiles (for this part of the world) in a small, independently owned business in Clough Mills, County Antrim. Within no time, my youngest niece and nephew, Anna and Sam, were enjoying touching a Carolina corn snake (Pantherophis guttatus) and fascinated by the reptiles before them.
Daniel Wilson/Shutterstock
There is only one Aldabra tortoise in Ireland.
Richard Potter, from Ballymena, hosts a fabulous array of reptiles at Jungle Pets, which is home to many reptiles. This includes Sammy-Jo, who is, "The only Aldabra tortoise in the whole of Ireland," Potter proudly tells me. Jungle Pets is also home to other creatures I had personally never seen before in real life, including two spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus).
From the Seychelles, now residing in County Antrim via a 400-mile-trip to London, Potter told me a bit more about Sammy-Jo. "Sammy-Jo's from the Seychelles," he said, "but I picked her up for a sum of £1,500 (around $2,000) in London and took her home in my van (including on the ferry over the Irish Sea). I wouldn't part with her for less than £4,500. She's beautiful and only 4 years old."
Potter explained his avid, rare-for-an-Irishman interest. "For the last 20 years or so, I've developed my passion for reptiles. I also saw a gap in the market. There was only one other reptile store in the whole of Northern Ireland, so I decided to go for it [and open Jungle Pets]. I tried to do a different interpretation, with modern procurements and spacious habitats, bringing it up to date with the UK market."
He explained that in the early days, before licensing laws were introduced in Northern Ireland in 2006, he even kept cobras. "But not now!" Potter says. "Back then, there was no licensing law, so I became very adept at keeping them — cobras and rattlesnakes, and I had anacondas, too. There's now a UK law — the Dangerous Wild Animal Act – and so there are animals we can sell, and certain types we can only sell to people with licenses. The rest of the UK — Wales, Scotland, England — I would say is quite relaxed about that law, but over here [in Northern Ireland] they are quite stringent about it. So because of that stretch of water [the Irish Sea] between us and the mainland, people find it hard to get certain kinds of species. That's where we come in. We are able to source those." He tries to get over to one of the big reptile shows in Europe, either Germany or the Netherlands, once a year.
"We try to replicate as close to the reptiles' habitat as we possibly can," Potter says about maintaining the animals at Jungle Pets, "by studying, talking to various people, and working very hard. We've got contacts in certain zoos, so we talk with them. We also supply them with certain animals, and over the years, that's helped us to put together the best possible habitat for these reptiles to thrive in captivity in Northern Ireland, and every bit as much as they would in their own original environment." A carpenter by trade, Potter built the reptile enclosures at Jungle Pets himself. "My favorite reptiles are the caimans, and I like making their habitats. Feeding time's always good fun!"
Potter has his share of quirky reptile tales "When we were located in Ballymena (one of the larger cities in Northern Ireland), a rhino iguana named Mr. Kipling escaped through the side gate. He accessed an entry onto a main street, and sure enough, he drew a crowd. There were about 20 or 30 people out looking at him, in the main shopping area of the town, while he calmly basked in the sunshine!
"Another time, a guy came into the store with a fish and chip shop box, laughing, and I thought he was bringing me chips. But he said to me, 'There's a snake in this box.' He told me he was going to the chippy, and there was a woman outside screaming her head off. It was due to a corn snake that got out of the store, and we didn't even know it was missing! So he brought it back up to us in this fish and chip box. I was disappointed I wasn't getting my cod and chips!"
Potter also presents reptile demonstrations at schools and local events, educating and inspiring mostly the younger generation. "I've got a wee son, Jack, who's big into his frogs, so, hopefully, this will catch on with him, too. Kids love the reptiles, and it's often their first time seeing any of these creatures in real life. So it's great for them to get a feel of a real snake, or even just to hold a strange-looking lizard."
Having never seen or touched a snake before, my youngest niece and nephew, Anna (4) and Sam (7), both loved the opportunity to engage with the many snakes and reptiles at Jungle Pets that they would otherwise never get a chance to see or touch. It was a fun first kind of herping adventure together with these kids, and hopefully not the last! Where else would an Irish child get to have up-close encounters with such creatures as a royal python (Python regius, otherwise known as the ball python), the mildly venomous leaf-nosed snake (Langaha madagascariensis), or a even a red-eyed treefrog (Agalychnis callidryas) — never mind a spectacled caiman or Yemen, or veiled, chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus).
We were also treated to many other well-kept and seemingly very content herps, including the warty chameleon (Furcifer verrucosus), mountain horned dragon (Ancanthosaura sp.), Malagasy rainbow frog (Scaphiophryne gottlebei), sungazer lizards (Smaug [Cordylus] giganteus), a banana morph of the Mexican spiny-tailed iguana (Ctenosaura pectinata) and various tortoises such as the Hermann's (Testudo hermanni) and Horsfield's (Testudo horsefieldii, also known as the Russian) tortoises.
In speaking about the specific differences between looking after reptiles in Ireland and the U.S., Potter said, "It's more expensive to keep reptiles here than in America. Over here, we have to spend quite a lot on heating and artificial lighting. A bit like everyone else here in Ireland, reptiles are affected by the weather!" he joked. "As long as they're kept warm, at the right regulated temperatures, then they're happy reptiles."
More Reptiles in Ireland
In northwestern Ireland, in the beautiful rural town of Letterkenny, County Donegal, is the Tropical World complex, which features a sort of mini zoo that includes reptiles. Tanya Jacobs, who's in charge of maintaining the reptiles, states, "We've had these reptiles here since we opened five years ago. Everyone is very fond of the sulcata tortoises."
Csakanyl/Shutterstock
Leopard geckos are popular in Ireland.
Tropical World houses a variety of other cold-blooded creatures, including but not limited to leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius), leopard tortoises (Stigmochelys pardalis), Indian star tortoises (Geochelone elegans), red-footed tortoises (Chelonoidis carbonaria), and some North American yellow-bellied terrapins (Trachemys scripta scripta).
"We've had a very busy summer, with probably over 20,000 visitors in through the doors," said Jacobs. The summer was rainy, which seems to result in more visitors. "Of course, the reptiles are like everyone else in Ireland – they are subject to the weather!" Jacobs joked, echoing Potter's previous comments. "We keep the heated lamps on and keep the temperature at a regulated 28 degrees Celsius (82 degrees Fahrenheit) for all the reptiles. In the winter, we close down from October until Easter, and we go to great lengths to insulate the whole roof and walls to keep the reptiles warm and well protected during the cold and wind of the winter months."
And what of the pet reptile trade in Ireland? Pets at Home is the largest pet store chain in the UK, and I visited the Derry/Londonderry shop in Northern Ireland, where a small reptile section is maintained. I was told it was the last remaining such display to be found in any of the chain's Northern Ireland stores. "We don't sell many reptiles here," an employee told me, "but a regular small number, maybe four snakes and two bearded dragons a month. It's a pretty specialized market here."
Meanwhile, in Belfast, you can find City Reptiles, owned by Wayne Hall and one of the longest-established reptile stores in all of Ireland, having been in business for 27 years. Hall's son, Nathanial, told me, "We have pythons, tortoises, corn snakes, bearded dragons and various other things. We used to get a lot more variety, but those are the main things now."
He added, "The more people hear about reptiles in Belfast over the years, the more people have gotten them as pets, especially the bearded dragons. Bearded dragons are very popular here in Belfast."
While the Irish may not have yet attained the same level of pet reptile keeping as U.S. hobbyists, or even had the opportunities to be exposed to them as regularly, as you can see, some reptile experiences can be found. So if you're thinking of a trip to Ireland, a stunning place where Americans are nearly always warmly welcomed, there are evidently more beautiful reptiles to be seen and appreciated than one might at first imagine — even if St. Patrick did rid the land of snakes all those years ago!
Leanne Dunlop is a freelance journalist and writer based in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. Her science degree background in Psychology from Queen's University Belfast includes minors in animal behavior.
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It can prove surprisingly easy for drivers to land themselves with a penalty sanction without realising their mistake, whilst driving (or indeed parking) on British roads. Last year The Daily Mail revealed that nearly 10 million driving fines were issued in the decade to 2012.
While many of these fines will have been for perfectly legitimate reasons, plenty of them will have caused drivers to feel unfairly treated, especially if they received a fine for an "offence" that road conditions made impossible to prevent.
1. Idling whilst stationary: Not everyone knows that leaving a car idling can land the driver with a fixed penalty notice for up to £40. Local authorities tend to take individual approaches to enforcement of this rule, and are encouraged not to be overzealous – but taken to extremes this can even mean a fine for leaving a car stationary to warm up on a cold day. This rule does NOT apply when sitting still in traffic.
2. Driving around obstructions: Sometimes obstructions in the road may cause a driver to have to mount a kerb or go into a bus or cycle lane – triggering a fixed penalty that couldn't have feasibly been avoided but still requires an appeal.
3. Failing to give pedestrians right of way: Pedestrians having right of way on all British roads is a hotly-debated theory – something clear from the hundreds of lively (and heated) forum threads on the subject.
In actual fact, The Highway Code makes a point to all road users that "the rules in The Highway Code do not give you the right of way in any circumstance," and instead refers to who has priority in certain circumstances.
While, strictly speaking, the Highway Code is an advisory rather than a legal document, this explains why drivers can sometimes find themselves with a Fixed Penalty Notice if they fail to stop and let a pedestrian finish crossing a road.
4. Not obeying traffic signals and signs: Obviously drivers should always try to follow the rules of the road, but as with the case of driving around obstructions, circumstances can sometimes make this impossible. Often drivers are left with impossible dilemmas – such as moving away beyond a now-red light or continuing to obstruct a crossing.
5. Single yellow lines: Sometimes the rules around parking on single yellow lines almost seem designed to catch people out and generate revenue. The thing that trips many drivers up is assuming that parking on these lines is OK at the weekend or on bank holidays. In fact, these Controlled Parking Zones (CPZs) are subject to local rules that will determine the exact restrictions, and it's down to drivers to carefully check the information signs to make sure they don't end up with a fixed penalty.
Anyone who disagrees with a Fixed Penalty Notice has the right to appeal. Such notices are issued and dealt with by local councils, who also handle appeals individually. As such, people wishing to appeal will need to follow the guidelines set by the council where the alleged offence took place.
Penalty points (or endorsements) are the government's way of penalising people who drive carelessly or fail to follow the rules of the road. Points also cost drivers money, as insurance companies always load the price of premiums for drivers with points, as they're perceived to be more of a risk.
Points can also lead to disqualification, with the ban threshold being 12 points for experienced drivers, and just six for new drivers within two years of passing their test. In the latter case, novice drivers also have to retake their driving tests if they are banned for accumulating these points.
So, it clearly makes sense for all drivers to avoid accumulating points. However, it turns out that it's actually surprisingly easy to do so for some rather low-level offences that seem like little more than misdemeanors.
A full government breakdown of endorsement codes and point values is available here – but it's in the unwritten detail that it really gets interesting.
With the exception of "play street offences," which earn two points, the minimum number of points handed out for driving offences is three. (A play street offence is when a vehicle is driven on a road designated and signposted for play, outside of the published times).
Contravention of pedestrian crossing regulations with stationary vehicle (PC30): This sounds awfully serious but can actually just mean being a tiny way over a white line at a traffic light.
Causing or likely to cause danger by reason of use of unsuitable vehicle (CU20): This could come down to something as minor as improperly maintained windscreen wipers or a broken mirror, but it's still three points. Generally speaking, police officers can issue a "Vehicle Defect Rectification Notice" in these cases, but it's at their discretion.
Furious driving (DD90): This earns a minimum of three points and potentially up to nine. Anyone who shows their displeasure with other drivers by making a point (think breaking or tailgating), runs the risk of points for this offence.
The full list of offences that attract points makes interesting reading. Another point that many people are unaware of is that it's not only drivers who can earn penalty points. Passengers can be punished with endorsements on their own licences for offences that are construed to be inticing or aiding and abetting others.
Obviously the key way people can avoid points is to drive safely and legally at all times. Keeping vehicles well maintained is important too.
However, people who do inadvertently trip themselves up and land up eligible for points can help themselves by being as co-operative as possible. If a police officer has the choice of issuing points, or a handing out a "ticking off" in the form of a "Vehicle Defect Rectification Notice," they're unlikely to choose the latter if they're faced with petulance or rudeness.
Similarly, those caught speeding often have the choice of endorsements or a paid speed awareness course. The cost of the course may well prove lower than the insurance increase for the points. Furthermore, many people reluctantly admit that they do really learn something from such courses.
Have you had any experience with penalty points or Fixed Penalty Notices? Any incidents you feel were unfair? Share them in the comments below.
Many examples cited while sounding onerous on the car driver make good sense when taking the well being of all including the hapless pedestrian. For exampke I walk and drive. At a side street while walking I always check if a car will cross my path. Sometimes car drivers assume at 30mph they can push a pedestrian out of the way while cutting into a side street. If roads and motorways are places where the vehicle reigns would not it be fair for the pedestrian's safety to be a priority in some circumstances?
Absolutely; but this needs to be defined – and what do we do about 'chicken playing' pedestrians? I have always thought that the pavement (if there is one) is for the pedestrians and the road for the vehicles. Vehicles should keep off the pavements unless they need to cross them to gain entrance somewhere, and pedestrians should keep off roads unless they need to cross them to gain entrance somewhere – even so pedestrians should give way to vehicles on the roads and vehicles should give way to pedestrians on the pavements. Logical? or not.
There is anothr side to this. Much signage etc is not legal in that it does not meet government specifications. This is true of almost all of the parking bays in my town and presumably other towns in this authority area.
Also there is (or maybe was now) a book written privately that tell you how to avoid penalties for many driving offences.
Your comment that a "speed awareness course" can often be cheaper than the cost on your insurance for receiving points for speeding is interesting. Surely a points award AND a course both have to be declared to your insurance company so the final cost would be the same – assuming that your insurance company regard accepting a course is as bad receiving points. After all the offence is the same in both circumstances!
The offence is the same but a course doesn't have to be declared to insurance; and the point of an awareness course is to make you less of a risk on the road. So people shouldn't be penalised if they are willing to take some time out of their lives to educate themselves further and hopefully, make them a more considerate road user.
At the one I went to, admittedly some many years ago, we were all told by the experienced Tutor that we did NOT have to declare anything to our Insurance Coy.
One turn I regularly make is left into a blind junction. Usually cars parked both sides of the road and sometimes pedestrians in the road. I wish following drivers could understand my disability: I can't see round corners and I need time to assess the situation in the road I'm turning into. Any vehicle approaching in the minor road will be in exactly the same place in the road that I need to be as will pedestrians crossing the road.
Needless to say the next time an ambulance can wait till the lights change as i certainly won't do that again.
So, because you failed to challenge the ticket due to mitigating circumstances (which would have been reasonable due to allowing an ambulance on a red run to pass), someone can now potentially die because you wouldn't do the same again?
Even 'smarter' is the person who handed out the penalty notice – who can apparently sleep at night after taking action that will put the sick and dying at greater risk for fear of a traffic offence being penalised.
The law needs to specifically allow for situations such as this.
Suppose a blue-light police car is hindered because to let it through would be a traffic offence? What then? Lose – lose for the motorist.
However, I think the SAC is designed for the driver who is inattentive rather than reckless, and hence is willing to be warned and educated. No amount of education will correct the deliberately reckless driver.
Pedestrians should be given priority, as should cyclists when crossing side-streets (roads should be so-marked to make this clear). By making the streets more pedestrian and cyclist friendly, more people would choose to leave their cars at home, so reducing traffic and pressure on car parking spaces, and of course benefitting people's health. Seems like a win-win situation!
Is there a difference between a Fixed Penalty Notice and a Parking Charge Notice?
A fixed penalty notice is issued by the council or police and must be paid. Normally council owned car pars or on the street.
A parking charge notice is just an invoice or bill issued by the car park owner charging you for parking badly say over two bays or overstaying your paid parking time, usually if you ignore them the company will go away, or you can use photo or witness evidence to prove you were not at fault.
there are another group of rogue drivers who together as a team drive in a manipulative and deceitful manner forcing an innocent driver who maybe unaware and drives into traffic signs area where it prohibited to stop or drive through. another situation where there are speed cameras when a driver ahead of you slows down irritably forcing the driver behind him to overtake at a speed and breaking the speed limit and being caught on a camera. beware of evil drivers.
If you try to go round some mini-roundabouts correctly then others seem to think from the line you have to take that you are going straight on – and they pull out in front of you.
We told at the end of a speed awareness course that we did not need to notify the insurance company of the attendance at the course as no penalty points had been accued.
On a recent visit to Australia I was warned by the locals of the punitive fines for speeding, any limit is strictly enforced with no leniency for 1 or 2 kph over the limit. However low speed limits in the vicinity of schools are applied at specific times, unlike here where limits apply 24/7. It was quite common to have 15kph limits applied at roadworks 15kph = 9.3 mph.
I was fined for driving om a bus lane in Plymouth. For some reason, the original letter did not reach me, and in consequence the Council (in a repeat letter) added a 50% surcharge. I appealed, and they were entirely fair: they restarted the process, which meant that I not only did not have to pay the 50% surcharge, but had the opportunity to obtain a 50% reduction for prompt payment. Thus I only had to pay £30 instead of £90. Thank you, Plymouth!
Kingston Council in South London, sent me a FPN and £130 fine, for driving in a bus lane. The bus lane signs had been sent away for painting. The FPN was cancelled on appeal, to the Parking and Traffic Appeals Service. How many people just paid the £130 and didn't appeal?
If pedestrians have to be given the right of way if they have begun to cross the road why do we have zebra crossings and what do we do about the passive-aggressive 'chicken' player pedestrians?
Out of city or town centres crossings are fewer so I will presume that the highway code reflects that and this is the reason vehicles AND cyclists are expected to give way to pedestrians who have already started to cross the road.
If everyone took their case to court instead of paying the fixed penalty fine, it would very quickly clog up the courts & the authorities would stop isuing these unjust rediculas fines, paying the fixed penalties only encourages tho police, DVLA & counciles etc to issue more & more.
The article doesn't inspire confidence by confusing 'right of way' and 'priority'. Right of way is the right to use a certain road/path/whatever; priority is about who gives way to whom.


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Ragnarök ("somrak bogov") je v nordijski mitologiji zaporedje dogodkov, napovedano v pesnitvi Völuspá, ki pripeljejo do velike bitke. V njej se spopadejo bogovi in ostala mitološka bitja, konča pa s smrtjo večine glavnih božanstev (Odin, Thor, Týr, Freyr, Heimdallr in Loki). Bitki sledijo številne naravne katastrofe, ki svet uničijo in potopijo.

Po ragnaröku se svet znova rodi, zavladajo mu preživeli bogovi, človeški rod pa se nadaljuje. Ragnarök je v nordijski mitologiji izjemnega pomena in je kot tak že dolgo predmet akademskih razprav. O njem govorita predvsem Poetična Edda, sestavljena iz starejših virov v 13. stoletju, in Prozna Edda, ki jo je v 13. stoletju napisal Snorri Sturluson.

Etimologija

Staronordijska beseda "ragnarök" je sestavljena iz dveh besed, "ragna" ("bogovi") in "rök" ("razvoj", "vzrok", "usoda", "konec"). Pomen besede "ragnarök" se zato večinoma razlaga kot "končna usoda bogov".

Ragnarök v literaturi

Poetična Edda
V Poetični Eddi je ragnarök omenjen v preroški pesnitvi Völuspá, kjer vidka Odinu razlaga, kaj se bo zgodilo v prihodnosti. Po napovedi propada bogov nadaljuje s pripovedjo o novem začetku. V 64. kitici nekateri strokovnjaki vidijo prihod krščanskega boga, a ker Codex Regius te kitice ne vsebuje, je v večini izdaj Edde izpuščena.

Prozna Edda
Völuspá Snorriju Sturlusonu predstavlja glavni vir pri pisanju o ragnaröku, hkrati pa sam vključi podatke, ki pesnitvi nasprotujejo.

Ragnarök v sodobni kulturi

Koncept ragnaröka je kot navdih služil veliko metal skupinam. Tako npr. o padcu nordijskih pogov govorita albuma Ragnarok (2006) ferske zasedbe Týr in Twilight of the Thunder God (2008) Švedov Amon Amarth.

Dogodki, ki napovedujejo veliko bitko bogov, so nemalokrat omenjeni tudi v stripu Thor.

Viri

Opombe in reference

Literatura

 Hollander, Lee M., 1962. The Poetic Edda. Austin: University of Texas Press.
 Crossley-Holland, Kevin.,1980. The Penguin Book of Norse Myths. London: Penguin.

Nordijska mitologija

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Android remove onClickListener In my Android app I have a custom table where each row has an OnClickListener and an OnItemLongClickListener.
Now I would like to remove only the OnClickListener.
I tried this:
 row.setOnClickListener(null);

This works fine. The OnClick functions will not execute,
but my OnItemLongClickListener doesn't work anymore after I remove the OnClickListener. Where is my mistake?

A: Try this code instead:
//row.setOnClickListener(null);
row.setClickable(false);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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China Is Creating Its Own 'Entity List' to Avenge Huawei and Punish Foreign Firms
In Business/Economy
By Eamon Barrett
The cracks in Huawei Technologies are starting to show.
Speaking to an audience gathered at the company's headquarters in Shenzhen on Monday, Huawei founder and CEO Ren Zhengfei revealed that action taken against the Chinese telecom manufacturer by the U.S. had forced Huawei to cut its projected annual revenue from $120 billion to $100 billion-pretty much flat with last year. The company's overseas smartphone shipments are facing a 40% drop-off too. As Huawei tailspins-a victim of the U.S.-China trade war-Beijing is gearing up to exact revenge on U.S. companies.
Last month, the U.S. Department of Commerce placed Huawei on its so-called Entity List-a blacklist of businesses Washington considers a threat to America's strategic interests. It was a critical blow. Under U.S. law, companies are required to request government permission before conducting business with a listed "entity." Permission is often denied.
U.S. firms quickly abandoned Huawei, rather than risk falling foul of regulators. Google announced it was withdrawing Android services from the Chinese firm's range of smartphones, Intel announced it would stop delivering chips, and various other Huawei suppliers put relations on hold while they determined whether selling to Huawei would now violate U.S. laws. Last week, Huawei had to cancel the launch of a new laptop line because it can't procure components required to make it.
But in a trade war marked by tit-for-tat measures, Beijing is working to match Washington's punitive move.
Its Ministry of Commerce (Mofcom) announced it was developing its own 'Unreliable Entities List' to target foreign firms soon after Huawei was designated an entity by the U.S. "I think it's a fair move by Beijing," says Chen Long, an economist at China-based consultancy Gavekal Dragonomics. "Beijing needs non-tariff measures to retaliate too since it is also facing non-tariff restrictions from the US."
Observers suspect U.S. tech companies will be the first entries on Mofcom���s blacklist, in retribution for Huawei's suffering. However, actual details on the Unreliable Entities List are scarce. Speaking at a press conference in late May, Mofcom spokesperson Gao Feng said the blacklist would target entities that "block or cut supplies to Chinese firms for non-commercial reasons." That puts U.S. companies complying with U.S. regulations in a murky gray area.
"American companies aren't going to violate American laws, especially in such a high-profile context where their actions are scrutinized," Scott Kennedy, a senior adviser at the Washington-based Center for Strategic and International Studies who studies Chinese economic policy, told the New York Times. "The companies are between a rock and a hard place, but that hard place will win out."
Painful uncertainty
Jon Cowley, an expert on international trade at Hong Kong-based law firm Baker McKenzie, points out that the concept of an entities blacklist is not entirely new in China. Mofcom first raised the prospect of creating one two years ago when it drafted an Export Control Law to amend China's current piecemeal export control system.
"That draft export control law did introduce the concept of blacklisting and this idea that China could restrict exports to blacklisted foreign parties. In that respect it would have many of the features and characteristics of the U.S. export control regime," Cowley says, but adds that the new Unreliable Entities List is separate from the Export Control Law, which has yet to pass.
"I am not certain whether over time the unreliable entities list and the proposed export control law will be merged into a single comprehensive and coherent regulatory regime…In fact, I honestly do not know where China will take this."
The core uncertainty, Cowley says, is how restrictive the conditions of China's entity list are. Mofcom hasn't yet disclosed what the consequence of being placed on the unreliable entities list will be. If Mofcom presents a moderate set of rules, it could signify that Beijing is still hoping to strike a favorable deal, while a more aggressive regulation would make reaching an agreement even more difficult.
But for now the uncertainty is painful enough. As the trade war drags on, a poll from the American Chamber of Commerce revealed that 40% of surveyed firms were considering moving manufacturing out of China to avoid future fallout. Joerg Wuttke, president of the European Union Chamber of Commerce in China, warns the Unreliable Entities List could hurt China's own interests even more.
"The European Chamber sympathises with China's frustration over the trade war, but the creation of a new tool made exclusively to target foreign companies is counterproductive at a time when China's economy is slowing and foreign investor confidence is deteriorating," Wuttke says.
Last week, Mofcom warned the latest addition to its economic arsenal would be released "soon." Companies will be watching to see if the list is as ominous as it sounds.
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Russia's Vladimir Putin and China's Xi Jinping have established themselves as the world's most powerful authoritarian leaders in decades. Putin's sudden announcement this week of constitutional changes that could allow him to extend control way beyond the end of his term in 2024 echoes Xi's move in 2018 to eliminate constitutional term limits on the head of state. Russia and China are on another level though when it comes to influencing international events - China through its economic might and rising military, Russia through its willingness to insert itself into conflicts such as the Syrian one and to try to influence overseas elections through misinformation or make mischief through...
The 1 Downside to Building Fake Islands China Didn't See Coming
World/Latin America
Too much land to defend?
China set to post weakest growth in 29 years as trade war bites, investment sputters
China is expected to report on Friday that economic growth slowed to its weakest in nearly three decades in 2019 amid a bruising trade war with the United States, and more stimulus steps are expected this year to help avert sharper slowdown. While recent data have pointed to some signs of improvement in the ailing manufacturing sector, and a newly-signed Sino-U.S. trade deal has helped lift business confidence, analysts are not sure if the gains can be sustained. For the whole of 2019, growth is expected to slow from 6.6% in 2018 to 6.1% -- the weakest since 1990 -- and cool further to 5.9% in 2020, a separate Reuters poll showed, reinforcing views that Beijing will roll out more...
Japan reports case of mystery virus behind China outbreak
Japan has confirmed a case of a mystery virus that first emerged in China and is from the same family as the deadly SARS pathogen, authorities said Thursday. It appears to be only the second time the novel coronavirus has been detected outside China, after the World Health Organization (WHO) confirmed a case in Thailand. Japan's health ministry said a man who had visited the central Chinese city of Wuhan, the apparent epicentre of the outbreak, was hospitalised on January 10, four days after his return to Japan.
The $95 Billion Centerpiece of the Trade Deal Is Already In Doubt
(Bloomberg) -- Terms of Trade is a daily newsletter that untangles a world embroiled in trade wars. Sign up here. China has pledged to buy almost $95 billion worth of additional U.S. commodities as part of a phase one trade deal. The market is not so sure.Prices fell Wednesday for most raw materials
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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First "True 8K" 120fps Dome Demo
Oct 17, 2016 Chris ChinnockAnalyst Blog, Display Industry, ProAV & Commercialblending, Christie Digital, domed theater, IMAX, projection
That was the headline that enticed me to fly to Toronto and the annual Giant Screen Cinema Association International Conference and Trade Show (GSCA). This event is all about the latest planetarium, IMax and other larger format curved screens – primarily in a dome or partial dome configuration. It attracts content creators, technology suppliers and operators of these theaters to see new content and discuss technology trends.
The session that was held in the Ontario Science Center featured a temporary "True 8K" resolution installation in the existing 15/70 film-based OmniMax 24-meter domed theater. This allowed side-by-side comparisons of this new digital solution vs. the IMax film-based gold standard. Yes, for such large screens, film is still the gold standard and one of the last bastions where this is true. While the technical committee of GSCA is inching theater operators in this direction, it remains a tall order to exceed the quality of film.
In this Display Daily article, I will summarize some of my impressions while a second article ( First "True 8K" 120fps Dome Demo – Extended Version for subscribers) provides more of the details about the set up, content and analysis.
Suffice it to say that dome theaters, like this OmniMax, face several challenges. As HDR and WCG displays become more common, attendees will expect to see the high contrast and brilliant colors of these displays. Creating this in a 24-meter dome is and will continue to be very, very difficult. Yes, such theaters have the advantage of being big and immersive and the demo done at this event showed that resolution can increase to 8K and frame rates to 120 fps – and this will clearly help, but the low contrast has a big impact on overall image quality.
The demo at the Ontario Science Center featured 10 Christie Mirage 30 4K projectors that after blending and warping, created a "true 8K" image meaning 8K x 8K or 8K along any meridian in the dome. Previous 8K domed theaters have used 8 4k projectors that yield an image of about 6.5K x 6.5K. The demo was created by Evans & Sutherland and they worked closely with FotoKem to create the content for the demos.
For the demo, both film and digital projection solutions were shown separately and side-by-side. The IMax projector booth sits in the center of the seating area, but for the digital projection part, six of the Mirage projectors were set up in a booth at the top of the seating area with four mounted in front of the seats on the floor in front of the screen.
The center of screen luminance for the film projector is nominally 3 ftL, but falls off toward the edges. The Evans and Sutherland team tried to match this film luminance but miscalculated a bit and ended up with about 4 ftL. This level was much more uniform over the entire screen due to the use of the 10 projectors and the blending/warping/calibration procedure.
For the main part of the demo, content from the all-film captured "Alaska" was shown along with a scene from a piece called "Jerusalem" which featured a mixture of film and digital captured content. With the help of FotoKem, film and digital masters for each sequence were created. These were then shown first in full-screen film, then full-screen digital and then side-by-side.
In the photos below, the first one of the bear and water shows the brightness difference and a color shift between the two (film on left and digital on right). The second one from the Jerusalem clip shows a nighttime scene and the elevated black level of the digital solution. The third shot shows the loss of black level details in the film solution. The fourth shot shows the difference in the diffuse white.
After looking at the content, here are a few of my observations:
The digital content was noticeably brighter – much more than you would expect from an increase of 3 to 4 ftL.
The digital diffuse white was brighter and less warm (yellow) compared to the film diffuse white
Film projector weave was clearly evident on a static test pattern shown in side by side format. This slight movement of the image on the screen will reduce apparent resolution
Image resolution looked nearly identical – no pixels were evident even close up (although you could see the screen perfs clearly)
The film projector's black level clearly much lower than the digital solution, but the team did not measure either. One participant said he saw crushing of the blacks in the film version as the details were evident in the digital version.
Colors in the digital version were clearly different and looked brighter and more saturated than the film image. Presumably, FotoKem tried to master them equivalently, but it is unclear what accounted for the difference. One participant commented that he thought the skin tone in the film solution looked better, but that may have been a partial impact of the warmer diffuse whites.
Noise levels in each solution looked similar. FotoKem removed film grain and digital noise in the mastering process.
Content captured in 4K and upscaled to 8Kx8K looked a little soft on this giant screen
In conclusion, the progress made with this demo is another important milestone in this journey from film to digital, but it is unclear if the transition to digital will now see rapid uptake.
Are VRcades the Next Big Opportunity?
BBC Describes Gamut Compression Method


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Minarvia
About Minarvia
Minarvia1980
Minarvia's Achievements
Prioritizing DLC Over Patching Game-Breaking Bug
Minarvia replied to iBuzz7S's topic in Batman: Arkham Origins
What is up with this year's games and their game breaking bugs and studios not taking the time to fix them?
Severe Framerate Issues? (Xbox 360)
Minarvia replied to Maka's topic in Episode 1: All That Remains
Especially when it pops during the loading/saving screen, made me worry that I had reset my 360. Didn't experience any frame rate drops during the action scenes. Had one happen when you break's the head of the zombie that was tied up to a tree.
YouTube Changes Their Monetization Structure
Minarvia replied to Rapture639's topic in Off Topic Discussion
If that is true, why haven't they put a video clip talking about yet? While it is nice to see that publishers are against this, they aren't the big ones. While Ubisoft and Capcon are big publishers they aren't real heavy hitters, we need EA and/or Acitivsion to speak up about this to make Google double think this. While Blizzard is apart of Activision, in a fashion Activision is speaking out against this, we need an official statement from the company to see what is their point of view on this. Also it not the publishers that are doing this, its the music labels that are doing this. Look at this video from DSPGaming, love him or hate him, he dig up some more details about this whole issue, WARRING he dose curse toward the end of the video: [ame=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=91A36neoaDo]Dec 12 2013 - HUGE Content ID News: Publisher Responds, and COPYRIGHT STRIKE!!! WTF - YouTube[/ame]
That's makes sense, it also could be the fact that they are news channels and thus are immune to this new policy. Also from what other partner channels are saying, they aren't immune to this as well, it seems that Goggle did and end run around them as well. Also some developers/publishers have spoken out about this saying they were totally unaware of this and aren't happy with Googgle with this. Since this policy automadic(Sp?) it flagging videos that have copywritted stuff that is from THQ and isn't that a studio that is out of business.
Bugs that you have encounter in XCOM: Ememy Within
Minarvia replied to Minarvia's topic in XCOM: Enemy Within
Here is another thing, that I don't think is a bug, but a little strange Alien adducation missions appearing when I have complete statlie coverage, I know for a fact that in Unknown when you had complete statalie coverage those missions will stop appearing. Also in the locations, one of the location was from a country that I lost, I also recall in Unknown, if you lost a country you couldn't do a mission in that place for the rest of the game. I am thinking the game is trying to give me missions that will unlock the International Service Cross, which didn't unlock in this game, or because of the EXALT missions that CAN happen in countries that you have lost, but at this point of the game I destroyed the EXALT base.
How do you get the Prospect/Furies mission?
It seems to me if those specific missions don't trigger earlier on in the game that won't trigger at all. On my second game and I in Nov. and the Site Recon mission that trigger earlier on isn't triggering at all despite the fact that I got the best armor and weapons to deal with the aliens in that mission.
Minarvia posted a topic in XCOM: Enemy Within
We all know that XCOM: Ememy Unknown had two big bugs naming the teleoparting bug that you got when you hunker down your troops, and yes I have encounter it many times and the seeing enemies that aren't there, another one that I encounter before. Now, I would like to know what type of bugs that you have encountered in XCOM:Emeny Within. 1.) Stuck in Alien Acitivity bug, yes I have encountered this one several times and the only way to get out of it, is to Dashboard out, you can't even bring up the pause menu at this time, destroying any progress that you might have if you didn't save. I feel sorry for PC users whom get this because I know that they can't dashboard out. Twice this happen in the Temple Ship and right at the end as well. Thank god, I wasn't doing this on Ironman mode. 2.) Critical Wounded soldiers falling through the map, I had an assault get cirtical wounded by a Sectopod, again those things got to be nerfed somehow, and fell through the map, because of that I was unable to get to them before they bled out. This happen on a Supply ship. I had to reload that mission, thank god I save right before I encountered that thing. 3.) Having an alien adducation mission pop up while you are en route to an EXALT mission and you can't select either one of them. The only thing that you can do is scan for activity and because you didn't do the EXALT mission you lose your troop whom was on it. While you found the alien base on top of it and because of that I was forced to do the alien base assault much earlier than I liked. 4.) And it seems according to this video, the teleporting bug is still around in Enemy Within: Head to the 5:26 mark of the video and you will see what I mean. Also you should note he is playing the PC version of the game, but I don't think that matters.
Yes, I did and if you look up my gamertag on XBOX.com you will see that I got the achivements for them as well. I really like the Dam mission map, it ashame that map is only used on that mission unlike the Train Station map that was used on the Confirming Light mission, which can be used on Bomb mission and/or Alien Adducations mission. Not for me, those missions appeared before I found found the Exalt base so I don't think that is a factor as well. I think the right tigger for their mission to show up is when you build a Psy Lab.
Achievement Guide and Roadmap
Minarvia replied to Welsh Phoenix's topic in XCOM: Enemy Within
I always use Rapid Fire and Close and Personal on my assaults. I found out that Suppression on both Supports and Heavies actually works on Sectopods, because it causes the target to suffer a 30% aim debuff, snice Sectopods in this version of XCOM are pretty dam good shots. In Unknown they sucked at aiming. I also read up on 2K forums that Disabling Shot from Snipers actually works on them while in Unknown it never worked.
I think my game glitch AGAIN, because I am playing again to get the other DLC missions, which I did, but the International Service Cross medal never unlocked, and I did the base defense mission and I don't think it will ever unlocked on my second game. So it look like other playthrough to get this achievement and I don't think I will get "An Army of Four" any time soon, because of the buffed Sectopods in the later missions. Seriously, Fraxis needs to nerfed them, not to the point that they were in Unknown, but fine a middle ground with them.
No I didn't and I don't think that matter, because in Unknown I lost China, but I was still able to do the Slingshot missions. Anyway I am doing another playthrough on Easy just get these missions, and I did complete Portent and the Slingshot missions, which came one after another.
Load times
Yeah, but those longer load times freak me out a little, because I think the game has crashed and it is stuck in a loading screen.
So how do we pronounce "XBone" exactly? Odd question I know...
Minarvia replied to Kung Fu Man's topic in Xbox One
Especially where I live, because XFinity has a cable box/DVR called the X1. I just call it the One.
Anybody noticed that the load times are longer than the ones that were in Unknown. Also I am watched some Let's Plays of this game on the PS3 and it seems that the game on the PS3 loads faster.
I never got the Portent mission yet and I did build the Psy lab, so what is up with the game?


Goshen College recently recognized 234 students for excellence in academics on the 2012-13 fall semester Dean's List.
Goshen College recently recognized 239 students, for excellence in academics, on the 2011-12 spring semester Dean's List.
Goshen College recently recognized 219 students, for excellence in academics, on the 2010-11 spring semester Dean's List.
Goshen College recently recognized 211 students, for excellence in academics, on the 2010-11 fall semester Dean's List.
Goshen College recently recognized 293 students, for excellence in academics, on the 2009-10 spring semester Dean's List.
Goshen College recently recognized 243 students for excellence in academics, on the 2008-09 spring semester Dean's List.
Goshen College recently recognized 209 students, for excellence in academics, on the 2008-09 fall semester Dean's List.
Goshen College recently recognized 103 students for excellence in academics, releasing the names of students on the 2003-2004 fall semester Dean's List.


"He lays the sins of the parents upon their children; the entire family is affected—even children in the third and fourth generations."
Parents hand down possessions to their children. Antiques, rings, the family Bible, property . . . Through their influence, they also hand down character traits, beliefs, habits, behaviors . . .
Some hand-me-downs are good. Others can result in pain, dysfunction, and aimlessness. Whenever a family member has a life-controlling problem, the entire family is affected. These negative behaviors can be handed down from generation to generation if the chain is not broken.
Although much attention is given to alcoholism running in families, other dependencies and behaviors often have similar results. Negative attitudes and unproductive lifestyles can also pass from generation to generation.
Many children grow into adulthood carrying baggage they picked up during childhood. Dysfunctional behaviors and belief systems children learn from parents often affect their adult relationships.
The good news is that the grip of dysfunctional hand-me-downs can be broken. This week we will look at words of hope from God's Word for sons and daughters who have been handed down dysfunctional pain.
Father, I thank you that no matter what negative influences have affected my life, there is hope in Jesus and in the promises of the Bible. In Jesus' name . . .


Contrary to what many people believed, not everyone can lose the unwanted fats in the body through exercise and diet alone. There are some people who need more than just the conventional weight loss methods to get rid of excess fats. These include those who aresuffering from lipedema.
Lipedema is a condition on which fats are distributed irregularly beneath the skin.
Although it's initially considered as a cosmetic problem, it can eventually lead to other problems such as pain, bruising, infections, and formation of scar-like tissues (also known as fibrosis).
Its exact cause is unknown although it's believed that female hormones play a role in it. It usually begins or worsens during puberty, after pregnancy, or around the time of menopause.
Surgical intervention through liposuction is the only recognized treatment to remove the disproportionate storage of fats in the body. The most recommended procedure is the lymphatic-sparing tumescent liposuction.
After the procedure, patients are placed in a compression garment (2 weeks full time and another 2 weeks part time).
To prevent infection, doctors would usually prescribe antibiotics, to be taken for 5 days.
Light exercises such as walking are also recommended 2 days after the procedure.
Although the manual lymphatic drainage, which can be started days after the procedure, may speed up the healing process/recovery, it may take months to see results from the procedure. Most patients see significant results after a year.


text:
USA Surfing
February 1999, Sarah Gerhardt became the first woman to surf Mavericks. It was a landmark for womens big-wave riding, and surfing in general. A new chldrens book chronicles Sarah's journey to becoming a big wave surfer. P/C: VisitCalifornia
SARAH AND THE BIG WAVE
On a cold, bright February day in 1999, Sarah Gerhardt became the first woman to surf Mavericks, the legendary big-wave surf break in Half Moon Bay, California. Writer and surfer Bonnie Tsui chronicled the legendary day Sarah met her first big wave in a new children's book out today — Sarah and the Big Wave.
The praise from reviewers continues to roll in. The Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books said:
"A determined young woman seizing the moment in vast, teal-blue ocean is a natural draw, and with the IOC adding surfing to its roster of events, librarians can expect extra interest when the next Olympic games are played."
USA Surfing caught up with author Bonnie Tsui to talk about the book, why she wrote it and what she wants those new to surfing to know about the sport and lifestyle making its Olympic debut this Summer.
Bonnie interviewed Olympic surfers Caroline Marks, Carissa Moore, Kolohe Andino, Coach Brett Simpson and medical director Kevyn Dean for a Popular Science feature about the science, technology and sports medicine innovations in surfing as it makes its Olympic debut. She's an incredible writer and ambassador for surfing and the ocean.
Whether you surf or not, you'll love what Bonnie has to say about surfing, writing books and observing surfers interacting with nature and each other.
If you surf, you're really in for a treat. For example, follow some of the links in her answers and your pre-dawn surfs will take on new meaning.
You can impress your friends by knowing the difference between astronomical dawn and civil dawn.
She shows us how surfing at dawn mimics the reentry into a changed new world that continues to make itself visible.
Q. What's special about this book being released at this time?
Sarah says the fear of surfing big waves never really goes away. She told WSL: "I think a good Mavericks surfer is someone who is flexible. Flexible meaning a surfer who can handle a lot of different surf conditions and is really tough. Someone who can handle the long paddle out, and the cold and just getting annihilated and coming up laughing. Someone who gives everything in life. Mavericks surfers are pushing the boundaries and living their lives to the fullest on every level, and Mavericks just happens to be another level."
A. This winter has been an extraordinary big-wave season at Mavericks, especially for female surfers, and with equal pay in effect on the WSL tour, Maya Gabeira surfing the biggest wave surfed by anyone in 2020, and the world's excitement for surfing's Olympic debut in Tokyo this summer, I'm just stoked that we have this gorgeous book telling the story of the day Sarah Gerhardt meets her first big wave at Mavericks.
The book also includes some of the milestones and little-known history of women and surfing.
Q. Why write a children's book about big wave surfing?
A. This whole project was a big, wonderful surprise. Back in the fall of 2018, I wrote a cover story for California Sunday magazine about how Bianca Valenti, Paige Alms, Keala Kennelly, Andrea Moller, Emily Erickson, and Sarah were preparing for a season at Mavericks. A children's book editor in New York saw the story and called me up to see if I'd ever thought about writing a kids' book (thank you, Kate Farrell!). And so I did. It is an absolute gift that fell into my lap.
Sarah and the Big Wave features beautiful illustrations that bring big wave surfing to life for chldren.
Q. What has the reaction been so far?
A. Amazing. Everyone I talk to about Sarah and the Big Wave wants to buy it for their kids, or their friends' kids, or their library or school or surfing buddies.
I think a story about a girl conquering all the obstacles thrown her way to do the thing that brings her the most joy in the world is just the story we want and need to hear right now.
Q. Any surprises?
A. There's a big, gorgeous surprise in the middle of the book but I won't spoil it for you. But you'll know it when you see it.
Q. What do you want budding writers to know about writing about surfing?
A. For me, one informs the other. Surfing is an exercise in preparation: being patient, recognizing the moment when it arrives, going for it when it does.
To be in the ocean is to be attentive and present. It's practice in being attuned to the world around you. That's what being a writer is, too.
Q. As more new audiences come to know surfing through the Olympics, what should they know about the sport and lifestyle?
A. I want more people to know that surfing can be for them, too. That the historic attitude that made a lot of folks feel excluded or unwelcome is not what the true spirit of surfing is.
The spirit of surfing is communal — you go out there respecting the ocean and its dangers, and the other people in the water with you. The ocean is open to all of us, and so is the invitation to dance on a wave.
Q. What's your reaction to surfing's Olympic debut?
A. I'm really looking forward to watching the world's best surfers perform in Japan — the conditions at Shidashita may not be the most technically challenging that these surfers have ever experienced, but there are other reasons it's super exciting. I spent some pre-Covid training time talking with Caroline Marks, Carissa Moore, Kolohe Andino, and Brett Simpson for a Popular Science story about all the new innovations shaping the sport and training in the lead-up to Tokyo.
The Olympic spotlight is pretty special, and I know this means a lot to athletes who have been waiting their whole lives to show the world what they can do.
Q. You're a parent and a surfer — have your sons started surfing yet? Is surfing a good sport for parents to introduce their kids to?
Sarah and the Big Wave was author Bonnie Tsui's first children's book. She loves surfing and is hoping to share the stoke of surfing with her two boys.
A. My boys love the water. They are their happiest selves when bodysurfing in warm water and feeling how the ocean is somehow alive to them. They know Mama is a surfer, and they were the first ones to hear the story of Sarah and her big wave — my 8-year-old even made this hilarious and awesome stop-motion Lego animation for the book. My 10-year-old has surfed before, but the cold water in the Bay Area is a bit of a deterrent. That said, my friend just made them a beautiful wooden surfboard that is just their size. I can't wait to see them on it.
The official ISA-recognized national federation for the sport of surfing in the USA // usasurfing.org
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During also believed that our ideas were
Philosophers admin April 25, 2019
During the time of one of the greatest modern thinkers and philosophers – Rene Descartes (1596-1950), Philosophy and science were overlapped. Physics was known as 'Natural Philosophy. ' Descartes used the word 'Philosophy,' (meaning the 'Love of Wisdom') to include science. Descartes thought of Knowledge as being represented as the 'Tree of Knowledge,' with the roots as Metaphysics, the trunk was Physics, and the branches were the other sciences.
Metaphysics meant to Descartes what we call 'Epistemology' which was derived from the Greek words 'episteme' (knowledge) and 'logos' (discourse about).Hence, Epistemology means the 'Theory of Knowledge,' which is the study of nature, source, limits and validity of knowledge that includes such questions as "What is knowledge? How can knowledge be obtained? What is the difference between knowledge and belief? " There are two opposed epistemological theories, which are empiricism and rationalism. The centre areas of disagreed concern are the source of our ideas and how we know necessary truths.Empiricists, such as that of Aristotle (384-322 BCE) – argued that knowledge of the form was 'a posteriori' – we only develop knowledge of the form of, e. g.a horse, after contact with lots of horses.
and also claim our ideas are derived from sense-experience. Rationalists, for example like Plato (428-347 BCE) – who thought 'a prior' was possible. Plato tried to show that mathematical knowledge was innate and not derived from sense experience, and also believed that our ideas were discovered by 'a priori' reasoning. Epistemology has been a major concern of philosophers ever since the philosopher Descartes called attention to its importance in the 17th century. Descartes was a rationalist, who played a prominent role in shaping the agenda and thus became the founder of modern philosophy.Descartes, as shown at the beginning of his 'Meditations,' was in search for indubitable knowledge (i. e.
knowledge that which cannot be doubted). In order for knowledge to be indubitable, Descartes believed that it must first be 'clearly and distinctly' shown to the mind. He adopted the idea that anything clearly and distinctly 'perceived' is true, and later the same for 'conceived. ' Also, for knowledge that cannot be doubted to be found, Descartes' 'Cogito Ergo Sum,' meaning 'I think therefore I am,' was the starting point to his search for indubitable knowledge.
In this essay, we will 'explain and discuss the significance of Descartes work on Epistemology' with reference to various authors such as Cottingham, John Shand, William Reaper and Linda smith, and to different philosophers such as Plato, Aristotle, Aquinas, and Augustine. At the end of the essay, we will draw up a conclusion by summing up the feeling of each paragraph, and then giving a general conclusion on that i. e. explaining and discussing the significance of Descartes' work on Epistemology.Descartes' epistemology is nowadays better known than the metaphysics it supported. His aim was to show that the only safe and reliable knowledge is what we would now call 'scientific knowledge. ' Like many at the time, he held that the sense-based, classificatory knowledge of the Aristotelian orthodoxy was unreliable at best but instead of giving up on natural knowledge and adopting the fashionable sceptical ideas of the time, he tried to show that genuine and lasting knowledge could be achieved, but only if we swept away the traditional learning and started again from scratch.This is what made Descartes' work on epistemology so important, is that unlike the other philosophers prior to his time, Descartes was the first to supposedly not rely on others' teachings, when discovering if or not there is indubitable knowledge.
Thus, as we have seen, at the commencement of Descartes' epistemology, Descartes was in search for indubitable knowledge. The philosopher Bernard Williams in his book 'The Great philosophers' said that Descartes thought "that you should not accept as true anything about which you could entertain the slightest doubt … Descartes was trying to get to the foundations of science …In order to put the foundations of knowledge beyond the reach of scepticism he said to himself, in effect: 'I will do everything that sceptics can do, only better.
By pressing the sceptic inquiry hard enough, I hope to come out the other side with something that will be absolutely foundational and rock hard. " However, as Descartes had discovered, he could not know for sure, which of his beliefs were certain. As the Bryan Magee puts it forward, in his book 'The Great Philosophers' – "Certainty is a state of mind, whereas truth is a property of statements, which usually reflects to the way things are out there in the external world ..
.Descartes believed that only if you had grounds for certainty, could you know you had hold of the truth … Therefore that pursuit of truth involves the pursuit of certainty. " Aristotle and Plato were other philosophers in search for knowledge – Plato thought true knowledge was that of his forms, and so exact knowledge could be confirmed by comparing what was being analysed to that of his forms, he believed in 'a priori' reasoning.
Aristotle disagreed with his teacher Plato.He argued that knowledge of the form was 'a posteriori' – we only develop knowledge of the form of, e.g. a horse, after contact with lots of horses.
So, he knew he had to start again, right from the foundations, for him to establish anything at all, in the sciences that were stable and likely to last. Thus, Descartes wrote his 'Meditations on Philosophy,' a kind of diary he presents his readers with that asserts to be the record of a spiritual retreat. The 'Meditations,' presents the record of this fictional six-day journey, with each day picking up from where he left off the day before, to follow through the train of thought wherever it may lead i.e. to the position that he has held all along, which is indubitable knowledge.Therefore, Descartes came up with two principle methods 'Foundationalism' and 'Doubt,' to eliminate all false beliefs, he had been led to believe during his life.
He gave the example of 'an architect' to explain his principle method of 'Foundationalism' – "Throughout my writings I have made it clear that my method imitates that of the architect.When an architect wants to build a house which is stable on ground where there is a sandy topsoil over underlying rock, or clay, or some other firm base, he begins by digging out a set of trenches from which he removes the sand, and anything resting on or mixed in with the sand, so that he can lay his foundations on firm soil. In the same way, I began by taking everything that was doubtful and throwing it out, like sand… " Thus the central insight of foundationalism is that a system of epistemic justification can be fashioned after the manner of a structurally sound house.Such a house might owe its unshakability to two features: a firm foundation and a well-anchored superstructure consisting of tightly linked support beams firmly grounded into the foundation.
Likewise, where warrant is construed in terms of unshakable certainty, a system of knowledge might emerge from two parallel features: a foundation of unshakably certain first principles, and a superstructure of further claims anchored into the foundation by means of unshakably certain inference.Among its considerable alleged benefits, foundationalism provides the means for a potentially indefinite expansion of one's stock of knowledge, from relatively insufficient beginnings. This is especially significant where there are few first principles. Though the method of foundationalism brilliantly allows for the expansion of knowledge from little beginnings, the method is incomplete if prejudices thwart our ability to identify the foundations. To help "set aside" these preconceived opinions, Descartes devises a second method–the method of doubt.
At the opening of his first meditation, Descartes asserted the need to "demolish everything completely and start again right from the foundations. " This was known as Descartes 'Mehodological Doubt. ' Descartes' aim, however, is not that of "the sceptics, who doubt only for the sake of doubting," but instead "to reach certainty.
" He used the example of a 'basket of apples,' to show how one can claim indubitable knowledge. Descartes said that you examine all human knowledge to see if it can be doubted. If it is dubitable, then it is "infected," thus it must be mercilessly rejected as flawed.Any apple of knowledge that is finally left behind after this procedure would obviously be very special. It would be the real thing – guaranteed, indubitable knowledge.
Like the philosopher Bernard Williams says in the book of 'The Great Philosophers' – "it's like having a barrel of apples, and some of them are bad and some of them are sound, and you wasn't to separate out the sound ones. " Hence, Descartes used his 'Methodological Doubt' to remove any of his beliefs that could be in doubt so as to find indubitable knowledge.Bryan Magee on his book on 'The Great Philosophers,' states that "doubt – is to find rock-hard, indubitable propositions, which can then function as the premises for arguments, thus providing unshakeable foundations on which an edifice of knowledge can be built upon. " Although as Bernard William says in 'The Great Philosophers' – "Descartes never meant for his philosophical doubt to be a tool for everyday living.
" Thus, Descartes thought that as he could not systematically doubt everything, he could solve this problem by asking himself where all human knowledge comes from, which for him were our senses and our reason.
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The ARLIS/NA Executive Board announces the publication of the State of Academic Art Libraries 2019 report. The report examines the current trends and issues facing academic art libraries and provides recommendations for librarians and administrators.
The ARLIS/NA Executive Board and the International Relations Committee announce the recipients of the 2019 Samuel H. Kress Awards for International Travel.
Happy New Year! I hope everyone had a festive and relaxing holiday.


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Q: How to set User Defined field in Google Analytics (gtag.js, analytics.js) filter? In Google Analytics filters, it is possible to leverage a User Defined variable:

However, I cannot find any reference or documentation which specifically states how to set the User Defined variable nor do I understand if the value for Filter Pattern field should include the User Defined value or both the variable name and its value.
I'd like to understand the process for setting this User Defined variable with gtag.js and analytics.js. Can I set it in the Javascript tracking code? If so, how?
Thank you.
Update
I found a link here which goes deeper into User Defined. Now I understand its purpose. The problem is the examples in the link talk about setting this variable with the legacy Google Analytics version (ga.js). gtag.js and analytics.js ostensibly employ a different mechanism to set the variable. But it's still unclear how to set this User Defined variable.

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Thomas Bushnell, BSG, formerly known as Michael Bushnell (born December 13, 1967), is a software developer and Gregorian friar. He was the founder and principal architect of GNU's official kernel project, GNU Hurd.  Bushnell was Hurd's official maintainer from its instigation until November 2003. Bushnell was previously a Debian developer, and is employed by Google LLC since July 2010. He is a member of Saint Mark's Episcopal Church in Glendale, CA.

Academic background
Bushnell attended Carnegie Mellon University for one year in 1985-1986, and then almost two years at the University of New Mexico. Later on, he eventually graduated 1999 summa cum laude from the University of Massachusetts Boston with Bachelor's degrees in philosophy and classics. In 2007 he completed his PhD at the University of California, Irvine under supervisor Professor Bonnie Kent, with his dissertation titled Peter Abelard's Conception of the Good.

GNU Hurd

The GNU Hurd kernel was launched in 1990 and Bushnell was the lead developer. This kernel was to be one of the last free software components needed to complete the GNU operating system.  The project was experiencing delays however for various reasons, one of them being that Bushnell "several times redesigned and rewrote large parts of the code based on what he had learned, rather than trying to make the Hurd run as soon as possible", according to Richard Stallman. Stallman stated that "it was good design practice, but it wasn't the right practice for our goal: to get something working ASAP".

Bushnell was Hurd's official maintainer from its instigation until November 2003, when he posted to the GNU project's discussion mailing list saying that he had been dismissed by Stallman for criticizing the GNU Free Documentation License. Stallman said the dismissal was because Bushnell had been inactive since 2001 and wasn't responding to mail.

Goobuntu
Bushnell previously worked on Goobuntu, a Linux distribution based on Ubuntu created by Google.

Comments on Stallman
Following Stallman's resignation as president of the Free Software Foundation and his guest position at MIT, Bushnell wrote on Medium that although he felt sympathy for Stallman, he believes it was good for the free software community that he stepped down.

References

External links

The Deeds of the Divine Augustus translated by Thomas Bushnell
"Towards a New Strategy of OS Design" (an architectural overview of the HURD) by Bushnell
YouTube: Bushnell's talk about Goobuntu at NYLUG on 2012-11-08

Living people
Free software programmers
Members of Anglican religious orders
GNU people
1967 births
Google employees


text:
Q: Why is $\lfloor n/3 \rfloor + \lceil 2n/3\rceil = n?$ Why is $\lfloor n/3 \rfloor + \lceil 2n/3\rceil = n?$
It feels like I'm just doing basic fraction addition since
$$\frac{n}{3}+\frac{2n}{3}=n$$
So then how does ceil and floor play a role in addition?

A: Note that both $\frac n3-\left\lfloor\frac n3\right\rfloor$ and $\left\lceil\frac{2n}3\right\rceil-\frac{2n}3$ have a period of $3$. Subtracting we get that
$$
\left\lceil\frac{2n}3\right\rceil+\left\lfloor\frac n3\right\rfloor-n\tag{1}
$$
has a period of $3$. Thus, we only need to check $n=0,1,2$ to verify
$$
\left\lceil\frac{2n}3\right\rceil+\left\lfloor\frac n3\right\rfloor=n\tag{2}
$$
for all $n$.

A: Let $n=3k + r$, where $r\in \{0,1,2\}$. Then $\lfloor\frac{n}{3}\rfloor = k$. Also, $\lceil\frac{2n}{3}\rceil=\lceil\frac{6k + 2r}{3}\rceil=2k+\lceil \frac{2r}{3}\rceil$. Therefore, $$\left\lfloor\frac{n}{3}\right\rfloor + \left\lceil\frac{2n}{3}\right\rceil = 3k + \left\lceil\frac{2r}{3}\right\rceil.$$ The claim immediately follows by noting that $\lceil\frac{2r}{3}\rceil = r$ for $r \in \{0,1,2\}$.

A: Note that the following identities hold for all integer $n$, real $x$:

*

*$\lceil n+x \rceil = n + \lceil x \rceil$ (and $\lfloor n+x \rfloor = n + \lfloor x \rfloor$, but we don't need that)

*$\lceil -x \rceil = -\lfloor x \rfloor$

Thus, if $n$ is an integer, we have:
$$\lceil 2n/3 \rceil=\lceil n+(-n/3)\rceil=n+\lceil -n/3\rceil=n-\lfloor n/3\rfloor$$

A: Hint: do the actual computation (with floor and ceiling) for various sample values of $n$ - say $1$ through $6$.
You'd better assume $n$ is an integer. Can you see why?

A: For ease of typing let $f(z)=floor(z)$ and $c(z)=ceil(z).$
We have  $n=3m+x$ where $m\in \mathbb Z$ and $x\in \{0,1,2\}.$
(i). If $x=0$ then $f(n/3)+c(2n/3)=f(m)+c(2m)=m+2m=3m=3m+x=n.$
(ii). If $x=1$ then $f(n/3)+f(2n/3)=f(m+1/3)+f(2m+1/3)=m+(2m+1)=3m+1=3m+x=n.$
(iii). If $x=2$ then $$f(n/3)+c(2x/3)=f(m+2/3)+c(2m+4/3=f(m+2/3)+c((2m+1)+1/3)=$$ $$=m+(2m+2)=3m+2=3m+x=n.$$


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