The dates for this year's road lottery are September 13, 15, 16 and 17. September 14 will be Military Appreciation Day.
An average of around 11,400 lottery applications were received in each of the last few years (giving odds of being drawn at about 1 in 7). Winners of the lottery must then pay a $25 permit fee to drive the park road. Road lottery entries can be made online at www.recreation.gov beginning at 6:00 am (Alaska Daylight Time) on May 1 until midnight (AKDT) on May 31. All lottery applicants must pay the application fee; lottery winners will incur one or two other fees, explained in the "If You Are Drawn" section below.
The 2019 lottery application period is May 1—May 31, 2019. We'll link from here to the application site (recreation.gov) on May 1.
To apply to the lottery, recreation.gov requires you to pick your most-preferred date first (out of September 13, 15, 16 or 17). Then it will let you order the remaining dates however you prefer. If you're drawn, it will assign you your most-preferred date which hasn't yet been filled up (400 winners are assigned to each day).
Remember, you cannot apply til May 1. If you try to apply outside the application window (May 1—May 31), Recreation.gov will allow you to walk through the first few steps of applying, but then eventually show you an error message. So, don't waste time trying to apply before May 1.
Military Appreciation Day permits are distributed by the military. Prospective applicants should ask their superior or base commander for details.
Information about application status or questions on how to use the application website should be submitted to recreation.gov online or by calling (877) 444-6777. Applications by mail are not accepted.
Everyone who submitted a road lottery entry will be notified whether or not you were drawn. Those who are selected will also receive an email confirming the day of their permit, with additional information on how to obtain the road permit and prepare for their visit to the park. Please note, some email services filter messages from rec.gov as spam; if you feel like you are missing your notification, check your trash or spam folder.
Recreation.gov will automatically charge you for the road travel permit, which costs $25. Warning: If recreation.gov tries to charge you for the permit and the transaction fails for any reason (e.g., an expired card), you will be disqualified from the lottery and a new applicant will be drawn in your place. Make sure to check that your card saved in recreation.gov isn't close to its expiration date! The road travel permit fee pays for keeping facilities open beyond the end of the summer season (e.g., flush toilets, visitor centers, etc) and covers the cost of more staff working through the event than would otherwise be needed.
Permit holders for the road lottery may have to pay the park entrance fee upon arrival in the park. You do not need to pay the park entrance fee if you have a federal recreation pass such as the Denali Annual Pass, the "America the Beautiful – National Parks and Federal Recreational Lands Pass" (Annual, Senior, Access, or Volunteer) or the free U.S. Military annual pass. Find additional information on these passes.
Road lottery permits are transferable prior to use, i.e. the person awarded the permit can give it to someone else if they are not able to participate for some reason. The person transferring the permit must provide the notification they received from recreation.gov and a short note explaining the transfer to the new permit holder, who must bring that documentation to the park when they check in for the road permit. Once picked up, permits are not transferable between vehicles.
See the Trip-Planning Info for Lottery Winners section lower on this page for more details about what to do if you are drawn in the lottery!
What are the Road Lottery and Military Appreciation Day?
Each September the park hosts a four-day event called "Road Lottery." During these four days, winners of a lottery drawing are given a chance to purchase a single, day-long permit, allowing them to drive as much of the Denali Park Road as weather allows. In years with early snow, the Park Road might open no farther than Savage River (Mile 15); in milder years, lottery winners are able to enjoy a trip out to the end of the park road (Mile 92).
An extra (fifth) day of lottery, called Military Appreciation Day, is open only to active duty military service-members and their families. The military is in charge of distributing road travel permits for Military Appreciation Day.
How Does this Lottery Work?
The drawing of winners occurs in June. As winners are drawn, they are assigned one of the four possible dates for driving the park road—those dates vary each year, but they are always the second weekend after Labor Day.
Applicants can arrange the available dates in the order of their preference when applying and, if drawn, the applicant is awarded their most-preferred date which still has space in its allocation of 400 winners.
Chances of winning vary—1600 winners are drawn each year, but the number of entrants fluctuates. In general, odds of being drawn are around 1-in-7.
The lottery entry and drawing are handled by a contractor, recreation.gov. If you have questions about your application status or otherwise have difficulty using their website, please visit their site or call them at (877) 444-6777.
If your name was drawn in the lottery, please be sure to read the items below. You should also read the frequently asked questions lower on this page before coming to the park in September.
Pick up your permit at the Denali Visitor Center. You can get your permit in advance, or the morning of your drive into the park.
However, lines can be long in the morning—consider coming a day or two early to pick up your permit!
On Thursday, September 12, we will be open from 8 am—7 pm; Friday—Monday, 7 am—7 pm; and on Tuesday, 7 am—5 pm.
You can also pick up your permit during our normal summer hours (8 am—6 pm) as early as September 6, 2019, if you're in the area. We will not have the printed permits on-hand before September 6, so you cannot pick it up before that date!
Check out the zone weather forecast. Please know that it is often snowy in September. Sometimes, this means only part of the road is open for lottery winners to drive (and in very wintry years, almost the entire road may close due to snow and ice).
What do I need to know about driving the Denali Park Road?
All lottery winners should watch the "Rules for Driving the Denali Road" video. The park road is mountainous, narrow and mostly dirt / gravel, with very soft shoulders. If you get into an accident on the road, you'll incur significant expense in paying for a wrecker to drive all the way into the park to help you. Also note that there are no gas stations in the park - plan accordingly.
Please drive slowly when encountering hikers or bikers on the road, to avoid choking them with road dust.
We will briefly remind you of the driving rules when you pick up your permit in the park, and your permit has the most important rules listed on it as yet another reminder. Additional vehicle info is lower on this page, in the FAQ section.
Be smart around animals, especially moose and bears. When outside of your car, get no closer than 25 yards to any animal, except bears—get no closer than 300 yards to black or grizzly bears! Back up or get back into your car if any animal approaches closer than the distances mentioned above. Even seemingly mild-mannered animals like Dall sheep can seriously injure someone if they feel threatened by people being too close.
Please also remember to stay quiet when viewing wildlife. Do not be the rude person who scares away an animal, ruining the experience for dozens of other eager wildlife watchers. Many animals are used to the sound of engines, as they hear buses all summer long, but are unused to human voices.
What ranger programs occur during Road Lottery?
Some ranger programs are still offered during the lottery weekend! See our schedule of events for September.
In the park, you can pick up sandwiches and other food at the Morino Grill, located next to the Denali Visitor Center. There are no other restaurants in the park - do not begin your drive into the park without bringing food along in your car! You can refill water bottles at Eielson Visitor Center. This is the only place in the park, other than the entrance area, to get water, so plan accordingly.
Three park campgrounds are open during lottery (Riley, Savage and Teklanika). Reservations should be made in advance, via www.reservedenali.com. There are no NPS-run hotels in the park—if you do not wish to camp, consider starting with the local Chamber of Commerce as you search for accommodations outside of the park.
Road Lottery is a great time of year, but it can be kind of complicated to figure out, particularly if you've never participated before. To help answer some of the most confusing parts of this weekend, please read through our FAQs, below. If you're unfamiliar with the layout of the park, you might find our various maps handy.
How does the road travel permit work?
If you are drawn in the lottery, you'll be automatically charged $25 for a one-day road travel permit. Warning: If recreation.gov attempts to charge you the $25 road travel permit fee and the charge is declined (e.g., perhaps your card expired), you will be disqualified from the lottery and a new winner will be drawn in your place! Make sure the card you keep on file with recreation.gov is not going to expire any time soon.
The day will be assigned to you in the drawing—that is why you should specify the dates in your order of preference when applying (see the application guidelines above).
On the day for which you were drawn, the road travel permit will let you drive the entire park road between 6:00 am and midnight. Please note, however, that some or all of the road might close prematurely (for example, in cases of inclement weather or under the direction of law enforcement staff).
Please be aware that a road travel permit can be revoked in certain cases, such as violating the law or failing to follow directions given by park staff (for example, when told to refrain from approaching wildlife that is reacting to your presence).
How do I obtain a Military Appreciation Day Pass?
The military distributes the 400 passes for Military Appreciation Day. In years past, each unit was allotted a certain number of tickets and it is the unit's responsibility to distribute them to the final users. A Military Appreciation Day pass will work essentially the same as a general road lottery pass, where a vehicle of people (family, friends etc) can all accompany the pass-holder.
When is the actual lottery drawing?
The drawing is held by June 15. All applicants will be notified by email of whether or not they were drawn. You can also log into your rec.gov account to determine whether or not you won. Please note, some email services filter messages from rec.gov as spam; if you feel like you are missing your notification, check your trash or spam folder.
Are there vehicle size restrictions?
The Denali Park Road beyond Teklanika Campground narrows significantly. Therefore, vehicles traveling the Denali Park Road during Road Lottery must be within the following maximum dimensions: 22' long x 8' wide x 12' high. This is inclusive of side mirrors and bumpers, and is strictly enforced at the Savage River Checkstation (mile 15).
Oversize traffic (i.e., RVs larger than those dimensions) is only let through Savage River if it's bound for Teklanika Campground, and those Tek Campers must have their campground permit in hand.
The possibility of inclement weather in September is always a factor. Some years the road has only been partially opened because of snow. Lottery participants are encouraged to contact the park or follow our forecast for the latest weather info.
Where can I camp during Road Lottery?
Open: Riley Creek, Savage River and Teklanika River Campgrounds are all open during Road Lottery.
Closed: Wonder Lake, Igloo Creek and Sanctuary Rivers are always closed during Road Lottery. Please also note that people can backpack during Road Lottery, but not in conjunction with a drive into the park (i.e., you cannot drive to a point on the road, park for a few nights while you backpack, and then hike back to your car).
You may camp with both an RV and a smaller vehicle to use during Road Lottery—but to fit in a single campsite, the length of an RV or tow trailer should not exceed 40'. If your vehicle exceeds 40', look into campgrounds outside the park.
Note: Being drawn in the lottery does not guarantee you a campsite in the park. You should consider booking ahead through our reservation concessioner. Additionally, you do not have to be a lottery winner to use a park campground! Non-lottery winners are still welcome to reserve a campsite and visit Denali during the lottery weekend. They just can't drive the entire park road, as the lottery winners can.
If staying at Teklanika Campground, you may begin driving west (i.e., farther into the park) at 7:00 am on the day of your permit. You must be back in your campground by 11:00 pm that night.
Teklanika Campers must leave the campground by 11 am on their final morning. Driving east, i.e., back to the park entrance, can be done as early as you'd like. You just need to have vacated your campsite by 11 am, so that someone else can show up and claim it.
As mentioned in other questions on this page, the usual 3-night minimum stay at Teklanika is waived during Road Lottery. You can therefore just camp one or two nights at Tek if you'd like.
The usual 14-night maximum is still in effect (i.e., no one can camp more than 14 nights in Denali campgrounds during a given summer season).
Is there a minimum-length stay at Teklanika Campground?
Unlike the main summer season, there is no minimum-length stay at Teklanika Campground during Road Lottery. Also, you may camp at Tek with an RV and a tow vehicle during the days of Road Lottery, so long as the length of RV is 40' or less. This allows folks to camp with a large RV and still bring a smaller vehicle out with which to drive the road. (In the main summer season, RVs cannot bring towed vehicles with them to Teklanika, so this exception is just for the Road Lottery event).
Can I bring my pet dog, cat, etc?
Pets (that fit inside your vehicle) are welcome. However, please note that a pet that impacts wildlife behavior—like a dog barking at a moose as you pause to view it from the road—is unacceptable. If your pet disturbs wildlife when you pause to view said animal(s), you must continue driving to prevent your pet from harassing wildlife.
Can I hike or backpack during Road Lottery?
What if I get a flat tire or need a tow?
The NPS does not have a tow truck. If you break down or your car finds itself off of the road somehow, you will have to hire a tow company from outside of the park to come and retrieve you. This will probably be extremely expensive, so please bring at least one full-size spare tire, and pay close attention to soft shoulders on the dirt road!
Where do I check in for Road Lottery?
Check-in is at the Denali Visitor Center, at Mile 1.5 on the park road. You may check in upon arriving in the park, as early as the Friday before Road Lottery begins. This is a particularly good idea if you stay at Savage or Tek Campgrounds. Lottery winners should remember that they'll need to pay the park entrance fee ($10 per person age 16 or older, unless in possession of a park pass already).
How many people may travel with me?
If you are drawn in the lottery, you may bring as many people with you as will (legally) fit in your non-commercial vehicle (though note vehicle size limits above).
May I drive a motorcycle during the lottery?
Absolutely. If you're drawn in the lottery you can drive any non-commercial, street-legal vehicle which is smaller than the aforementioned maximum size dimensions.
What is the history of the lottery? How did it come about?
Before 1972, the entire Denali Park Road was open to private vehicles in summer, though bus service was also offered for anyone without a vehicle (or anyone who didn't want to drive the mountainous road). The construction of Alaska Highway 3 in the early 1970s shortened the driving time to Denali from Anchorage and Fairbanks considerably and led to an increase in the number of vehicles on the park's sole road.
In 1972, the NPS limited travel on most of the park road to only buses in summer. At the same time, the park opened allowed private vehicle access in the fall, after bus season ended, to anyone who wanted to drive the road. As the years went by, the popularity of this opportunity grew.
In the late 1980's the "open to all comers" offer became unmanageable when almost 2000 vehicles per day came into the park. Major traffic jams made for an unpleasant experience, while the sheer numbers made it difficult to avoid problems with pets and wildlife, food storage and sanitation. In 1990, park management decided to implement a lottery system, wherein people could apply for a chance to drive the road after the bus season ended. Initially, the number was capped at 300 vehicles per day; in 1994, it was raised to 400 per day.
Applications to the lottery steadily increased each year. In 2003, nearly 18,000 people applied. This meant entrants only had around 1-in-11 odds of being drawn; and conducting the lottery (done by hand initially) took an ever-increasing amount of park staff time. In 2004, the park began charging a fee to enter the lottery, to offset the increasing costs and to improve the odds that an entrant would actually be picked.
Today, the road lottery is run using recreation.gov. There is a per-person entry fee and an individual may only enter once. The entry fees pay for recreation.gov to operate the lottery. Those chosen in the lottery are notified by email and charged for a road travel permit. The permit fees help pay for the staff and materials needed to run the event in the fall. Since charging an application fee, the lottery typically sees around 10,000 applications each year for the 1,600 permits. Buses continue to run to Teklanika (Mile 30) during road lottery, so that visitors who are not lottery winners may still enjoy the park in the fall. The Denali Park Road is wider from the entrance to Mile 30, and narrows after that point, which is why buses stop at Teklanika during the lottery.
When did Military Appreciation Day begin?
In the late 2000s, a military official in Alaska asked if the park would host a first-ever "Military Appreciation Day" event in the style of the road lottery. It occurred the day after the main lottery ended, all fees were waived and road passes were given out by the military to 400 Alaska-based active duty personnel. In 2014, Superintendent Don Striker made this an annual event.
In 2015, the park decided that it made more sense to offer Military Appreciation Day on the weekend of Road Lottery, rather than on a Tuesday, and rearranged the dates of the public lottery to accommodate this change.


Financial Reform Newsletter – April 16, 2014 – Financial Reform, the SEC and Better Markets Winning in the Courts.
The same is true for more straightforward financial reform rules: a stable market less likely to crash and cause bailouts, transparency in the derivatives markets, investor confidence, deterring fraud and criminal market behavior, are all unquantifiable, as is the pain and suffering inflicted on American families from historically high unemployment, foreclosures, lost health care and from the rest of the economic wreckage caused by the financial crash. Yet, in Wall Street's upside-down Alice-in-Wonderland world, no financial reform rule can be adopted to protect the American people from Wall Street recklessly crashing the global financial system again unless the rule doesn't cost that very same industry too much. Because it ignores the massive costs of the last crisis to the American people and the even larger benefits to them of avoiding the next crisis, that's just nuts and, for the second time, the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals agreed with us.
First, and maybe most importantly, some of the big buy side firms may be entering the battle over predatory hft and pushing the SEC to take action, as reported by the Wall Street Journal. Even more encouraging, it reported that Jeff Sprecher, Chief Executive of the IntercontinentalExchange Group (ICE), which now owns the New York Stock Exchange, has also recently met with the SEC to push for some sensible curbs on predatory HFT, as SEC Commissioner Aguilar suggested in a recent speech.
Second, the EU just passed "landmark reforms" to banking and markets laws, including directly "imposing the world's toughest curbs on HFT" in a "crackdown" on predatory trading, but that's just "the start of a complex process" to make those reforms become a reality.
Third, the SEC itself is considering taking action, targeting predatory hft by changing the "maker-taker" fee plans as well as considering a "trade-at" rule, among other things.
Fourth, a group of traders have filed suit against CME Group Inc., the operator of the world's largest derivatives exchange, alleging CME provided high-frequency traders with special access to information on futures and interest rate contracts.
Fifth, those developments and many more may be positive, but the HFT industry is already fighting back hard, having set up a new multi-million dollar lobby group months ago to immediately criticize Lewis' book and anyone else daring to criticize predatory HFT and now they are on a DC lobbyist hiring spree – reform won't come easy and the industry fog machine confusing the issues will be working nonstop to prevent any reforms.
Sixth, an excellent example of the industry's fog machine is former SEC Chairman (now Goldman Advisor) Arthur Levitt who asserts that "we're all high frequency traders now," which is irresponsibly and laughably false as Themis Trading's devastating blog post demonstrated.
INET's (the Institute for New Economic Thinking) annual conference. Titled "Human After All: Innovation, Disruption, Society," it was a blend of interesting speakers and interesting topics. You should visit their website, check out the program and watch some of the videos of the panels and speakers. You won't be disappointed.
And the Pulitzer goes to… Congratulations to Stephen Henderson of the Detroit Free Press for winning the Pulitzer Prize for distinguished commentary on the financial crisis facing his city. Henderson's incisive commentary on Detroit's struggles over the years has served as a revealing exploration of one of the hardest hit regions in the U.S. after the 2008 financial crisis. From his coverage of the streetlights going dark to Detroit's filing for bankruptcy, Henderson has portrayed the plight of the people of Detroit left suffering from the worst economy since the Great Depression.


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Business / Banking and Finance / Remittances down 0.8% end-November 2020
Banking and Finance, Business
Remittances down 0.8% end-November 2020
Published January 14, 2021, 4:02 PM
by Lee C. Chipongian
Overseas Filipinos' cash remittances reached $27.013 billion as of end-November 2020, down 0.8 percent year-on-year from $27.231 billion same time in 2019, the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) reported Thursday.
The BSP had projected that cash remittances will contract by two percent in 2020 due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. For this year, they estimate a return to its annual growth of four percent which was the usual growth projection before the global public health crisis.
(Ali Vicoy/Manila Bulletin)
"This is proof that remittances continue to be robust and thanks to our overseas Filipino remittances who I think — basically because of their altruistic motive — continue to send remittances to their families back home, knowing there are problems at home," said BSP Governor Benjamin E. Diokno during his now weekly virtual "GBED Talks" with the media.
Diokno has been saying for months that their outlook on remittances were not as bad as initially projected. Some private sector analysts estimated a big drop by as much as 20 percent. But the BSP which earlier projected a decrease of four percent in 2020 stuck to its projections. Later this was revised to just two percent decline in remittances.
"This is again a big departure from the projections by many analysts that overseas Filipino remittances will contract or will go down by at least 20 percent. So, the decline is only 0.9 percent (for personal remittances) from January to November. That's good news," said Diokno.
For the month of November, the bank-channelled cash remittances went up slightly by 0.3 percent to $2.379 billion from $2.372 billion same time in 2019. The BSP said cash remittances from land-based workers rose by 0.5 percent to $1.852 billion while sea-based workers' fund transfers dipped by 0.2 percent to $527.3 million.
ING Bank economist Nicholas Mapa said remittances is "on track to close flat from last year" and that its support "has been crucial in 2020 as recession grips the Philippine economy."
"Steady remittances coupled with implosion of import demand, lending support to the peso amidst the weak global US dollar narrative," he said. For this year, he added that "2021 could see a continuation of the trend of modest remittance gains although import demand may improve marginally, bouncing from the low base of 2020."
For the 11-month period, cash remittances coming from Saudi Arabia, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Germany, and Kuwait were lower than previous numbers. Remittances from the US, Singapore, Qatar, Oman, Hong Kong, and Taiwan increased.
"The US posted the highest share of the total remittances at 40.1 percent, followed by Singapore, Saudi Arabia, Japan, the UK, the UAE, Canada, Hong Kong, Qatar, and Korea," said the BSP. "The combined remittances from these countries accounted for 78.6 percent of the total cash remittances."
The BSP also reported that as of end-November, personal remittances amounted to $29.988 billion, down 0.9 percent from $30.252 billion in 2019.
For the month of November, personal remittances slightly increased by 0.1 percent year-on-year to $2.643 billion from $2.639 billion in 2019.
According to the BSP, the "moderate growth was attributed to the 0.5 percent increase in remittances from land-based workers with work contracts of one year or more to $2.01 billion from $2 billion recorded in November 2019. Meanwhile, remittances from sea-based workers and land-based workers with work contracts of less than one year fell slightly by 0.3 percent to $575 million in November 2020 from $577 million a year ago."
Benjamin Diokno
1.5 M jobs generated under work recovery strategy
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DA needs bigger budget to help typhoon victims rebuild
NGCP warns of thin power supply this summer
Stocks bounce on bargain hunting
BOI approved projects decline 35% in 2021
["banking-finance","business","business"]
Long term interest rate rises on US Fed concerns
Business, Trade & Energy
Biden admin seen 'no appetite' for bilateral FTA
Asia Link Finance explores funding options
Business, Business News
PH lags behind regional peers in basic education spending—PIDS Study
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Grab PH quadruples fund assistance to drivers
BSP extends banks' higher single borrower's limit until end-2022
Business, Stock Market & Foreign Exchange
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Aboitiz Power's bond issue scores highest credit rating

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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OpenVPN: OpenVPNServer Interface - usefull?
I have a working OpenVPN server on my up-to date OPNsense (18.7.4) box.
2. corresponds to a interface with the same name.
This interface get's the first IP of my tunnel network (I don't know how it knows that, because the settings in the interface are empty).
I can disable this interface - and the VPN still works!
If I, however, check "Block Private Networks" in the interface settings: I can connect to the VPN but I can not use internet (everything seems blocked) - So it seems to have some sort of function.
- What is the function of the Firewall instance of OpenVPNServer?
- What is the function of the OpenVPNServer interface and why can I disable it without consequence?
- How does the OpenVPNServer interface gets it's IP?
Re: OpenVPN: OpenVPNServer Interface - usefull?
OpenVPN Interface on the Firewall Section is usefull in some scenarios.
Imagine you don't want the remote VPN server accessing to your PFSense/OPNSense, this only applies if you have services listening on all interfaces.
By blocking incoming connections you deny the server to reach for example your 80, 443 or 22 port, or even ICMP.
OpenVPNServer interface gets ip because when the VPN starts it is creates an interface usually called tunX (tun0, tun1...) and it will assign the first ip address from the ip range you specify in the vpn config.
I get somehow the impression that the two sections in the Firewall Rules are linked after some fiddeling with the settings: If I copy the pass rule from 1 to 2 (OpenVPN to OpenVPNServer) all is working well.
Maybe OpenVPN is some sort a symlink or alias to OpenVPNServer?


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«Звёздные во́йны: Скайуо́кер. Восхо́д» () — американская эпическая космическая опера от продюсеров Кэтлин Кеннеди, Дж. Дж. Абрамса и Мишель Рейван, снятая Абрамсом по сценарию, написанному им совместно с Крисом Террио. Девятый эпизод эпопеи «Звёздные войны» продолжает внутреннюю хронологию серии и завершает Сагу Скайуокеров. Это также третья и последняя часть трилогии-сиквелов «Звёздных войн». Фильм совместного производства компаний «Disney» и «Lucasfilm». Съёмки начались в Лондоне 1 августа 2018 года и завершились 15 февраля 2019 года. Международная премьера состоялась 16 декабря 2019 года в Лос-Анджелесе, в прокат СНГ фильм вышел 19 декабря 2019 года.

Через несколько месяцев после известия о том, что режиссёром картины станет Колин Треворроу, поклонники опубликовали петицию с просьбой заменить режиссёра «Мира юрского периода» на создателя франшизы Джорджа Лукаса. Сюжет картины не связан со сценарием, написанным Лукасом, для седьмого, восьмого и девятого эпизода. Смерть актрисы Кэрри Фишер привела к изменению планов, хотя и рассматривалась возможность участия её персонажа с использованием компьютерной графики, однако от этой возможности впоследствии отказались, вместо этого Абрамс воспользовался кадрами, не вошедшими в финальный монтаж «Пробуждения Силы».

Треворроу решил снимать на 65-миллиметровую плёнку, в отличие от двух предыдущих фильмов, кроме того он планировал отснять некоторый материал о событиях в космосе на студии «Пайнвуд» в Англии и Нью-Мексико. Представители студий «Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures» и «Lucasfilm» начали обдумывать, что будет после фильма уже в 2017 году, однако Кеннеди подчеркнула, что всё будет зависеть от успеха готовящихся картин.

В начале сентября 2017 года Треворроу по причине «творческих разногласий» с продюсерами покинул пост режиссёра. 12 сентября 2017 года стало известно, что новым постановщиком станет Дж. Дж. Абрамс, ранее уже снявший седьмой эпизод саги. Абрамс отказался от большинства сценарных наработок Треворроу и написал новый сценарий в соавторстве с Крисом Террио.

Фильм получил смешанные отзывы, эксперты и зрители похвалили картину за актёрскую игру, невероятный уровень графики, музыку Джона Уильямса и чествование всей саги, но раскритиковали темп повествования и сюжет. Также критике подверглось некоторое игнорирование тем и событий предыдущего эпизода. Фильм заработал в прокате более $1 млрд, став восьмой самой кассовой картиной 2019 года и 35-й самой успешной лентой за всю историю кинематографа (без учёта инфляции). Ожидалось, что фильм соберёт не меньше, чем предыдущие фильмы новой трилогии «Пробуждение силы» (более $2 млрд) и «Последние джедаи» (более $1,3 млрд), однако прокат фильма оказался усечён из-за вскоре начавшейся пандемии COVID-19 и последующего закрытия кинотеатров.

Сюжет

«Мертвые заговорили! Галактика услышала таинственное послание, угрозу МЕСТИ зловещим голосом покойного ИМПЕРАТОРА ПАЛПАТИНА.

ГЕНЕРАЛ ЛЕЯ ОРГАНА направляет секретных агентов для сбора информации, в то время как РЕЙ, последняя надежда джедаев, тренируется, готовясь к битве против дьявольского ПЕРВОГО ОРДЕНА.

Тем временем верховный лидер КАЙЛО РЕН бушует в поисках Призрачного Императора, решив уничтожить любую угрозу его власти….»

Через год после событий «Последних джедаев» верховный лидер Кайло Рен находит на Мустафаре навигационное устройство, ведущее на планету Экзегол, убежище древних ситхов. Он обнаруживает физически слабого галактического императора Шива Палпатина, который рассказывает, что создал Сноука в качестве марионетки для управления Первым Орденом. Палпатин предлагает объединить усилия, вводя в строй флот звёздных разрушителей типа «Ксистон», с помощью которых можно создать новую Галактическую Империю. Он поручает Кайло найти Рей, которая продолжает обучение на пути джедая под началом генерала Леи Органы.

Тем временем Финн, По и Чубакка от шпиона Сопротивления в Первом Ордене получают информацию об открытии Кайло. Узнав, что Палпатин вернулся, Рей обнаруживает заметки об артефакте ситхов в текстах джедаев, оставленных Люком Скайуокером. Рей, По, Финн, Чубакка, BB-8 и C-3PO отправляются на планету Пасаана, чтобы найти «зацепку».

На Пасаане они встречаются с Лэндо Калриссианом, который объясняет, что он и Люк отследили артефакт до его последнего известного местоположения в пустыне. Кайло с помощью Силы узнаёт, где находится Рей, и отправляется на Пасаану вместе с рыцарями Рен. Рей и другие обнаруживают останки убийцы-ситха, его корабль и кинжал с надписью на ситхском языке. C-3PO способен прочитать текст, но в его памяти стоит блок на перевод ситхского со времён Галактической Республики. Первый Орден захватывает «Тысячелетний сокол», Чубакку и кинжал; Рей, пытаясь спасти Чубакку, случайно уничтожает транспорт Первого Ордена молнией Силы. Группа убегает на корабле убийцы, предполагая, что Чубакка был убит в результате взрыва.

По предлагает им отправиться на Киджими, чтобы извлечь текст ситхов из памяти C-3PO, но в результате дроид полностью теряет память. В тексте содержатся координаты навигационного устройства ситхов на одной из лун Эндора. На Киджими прибывает Рен на своём флагмане. Рей чувствует, что Чубакка жив и находится на борту новейшего разрушителя. Пока Кайло ищет Рей, остальные проникают в его звёздный разрушитель с помощью Зории Блисс, давней подруги По. Рен с помощью связи через Силу говорит Рей, что она внучка Палпатина, который отдал приказ о её убийстве в детстве, боясь её силы. Рей забирает кинжал, и в видениях понимает, что убийца использовал его для ликвидации её родителей.

По и Финн, освободив Чубакку, попадают в плен. Генерал Энрик Прайд приказывает казнить всех троих. Генерал Армитаж Хакс забирает бластер у одного из штурмовиков, заявляя, что сам хочет их казнить, но вместо этого расстреливает палачей. Хакс заявляет, что это он — шпион, движимый исключительно ненавистью к Рену. Он позволяет повстанцам бежать на «Соколе», предварительно подстрелив его. Но Прайд раскрывает заговор и убивает Хакса. Звёздный разрушитель Империи уничтожает Киджими осевым суперлазером.

Группа следует по координатам к Кеф-Биру. Они встречают Джанну и её группу бывших штурмовиков Первого Ордена, которая ведёт их к обломкам второй «Звезды Смерти». Рей находит в соседнем с тронным залом помещении навигационное устройство;и прикоснувшись к нему, она увидела себя ситхом. Рен, отследив её до Кеф-Бира, уничтожает устройство и вовлекает Рей в поединок. Умирающая Лея зовёт Кайло через Силу, и Рей в этот момент пронзает его мечом. Генерал Органа в присутствии R2-D2 и Маз Канаты умирает. Чувствуя смерть Леи, Рей лечит Кайло и забрав его TIE Fighter, улетает на Ак-То. Затем она сжигает корабль, чтобы не иметь возможности покинуть остров, и выбрасывает меч Скайуокеров, но его ловит дух Люка, побуждающий Рей встретиться с Дартом Сидиусом, как когда-то он встретился с Дартом Вейдером. Он даёт ей световой меч Леи. Рей улетает на Экзегол, используя навигационное устройство Кайло с его корабля. Между тем, к Рену в видении приходит его отец, Хан Соло. После короткого разговора Кайло выбрасывает свой световой меч и отрекается от Тёмной стороны.

По, Финн, Чубакка, BB-8 и C-3PO возвращаются на базу Сопротивления. По Дэмерон по завещанию Леи назначен командующим. Стоя над телом принцессы, он разговаривает с Лэндо, вдохновляясь на продолжение борьбы. На связь выходит Красный-5 — X-wing Люка. По поднимает флот сопротивления и направляется на Экзегол. Тем временем R2-D2 восстанавливает память C-3PO.

Рей прибывает на Экзегол, передавая свой маршрут через гравитационные аномалии Сопротивлению. Бывший император требует, чтобы Рей убила его — после такого ритуального жертвоприношения девушка должна превратиться в новую Императрицу, тем самым став ситхом. Сопротивление вступает в бой с флотом Палпатина. Флагман-разрушитель Прайда продолжает передавать координаты кораблям флота ситхов, пока Финн и Джанна не уничтожают передатчик, не дав тем самым флоту покинуть орбиту. Бен Соло прибывает, чтобы помочь Рей, одолевая рыцарей Рен. Палпатин, поняв, что Рей не будет его убивать, использует Силу, чтобы поглотить жизненную сущность Рей и Бена, омолаживая себя, а затем атакует флот Сопротивления молнией Силы. Ослабленная Рей слышит голоса джедаев прошлого, а именно Луминары Ундули, Асоки Тано, Энакина Скайуокера, Оби-Вана Кеноби, Йоды, Мейса Винду, Ади Галлии, Кэнана Джарруса и Квай-Гон Джинна. Они побуждают Рей восстать против ситха, который атакует её своей молнией Силы. Рей перенаправляет молнию световыми мечами Люка и Леи на самого Палпатина, окончательно убивая его, но сама погибает от энергетического взрыва после смерти Дарта Сидиуса. Бен воскрешает её с помощью Силы, Рей целует его. Они улыбаются друг другу, но Бен умирает. Его тело мгновенно исчезает одновременно с телом матери. Финну и Джанне удаётся перенаправить одно из орудий главного калибра флагмана на мостик. Корабль Прайда взрывается прежде, чем он успевает его покинуть и передать координаты флоту ситхов. Тем временем к Сопротивлению присоединяются добровольцы из Центральных миров, набранные Калриссианом. Вместе с подошедшими кораблями повстанцы уничтожают флот ситхов, ставя тем самым финальную точку в войне против Первого Ордена.

Галактика восстаёт против Первого Ордена, уничтожая его новейшие разрушители. Сопротивление празднует безоговорочную победу над ситхами и Первым Орденом. Рей отправляется на Татуин, на ферму Ларсов, где рос Люк. Там она закапывает световые мечи Скайуокеров, после чего активирует свой собственный собранный меч с клинком золотого цвета. Местная жительница интересуется её именем, на что гостья, посмотрев на горизонт, где появились призраки Люка и Леи, отвечает: «Рей Скайуокер».

В ролях

Производство

Колин Треворроу

В марте 2015 ходили слухи о том, что кресло режиссёра может занять Дж. Дж. Абрамс, так как представителям студии «Дисней» очень понравился отснятый режиссёром материал для «Пробуждения силы». Абрамс опроверг свое участие в съёмках картины незадолго до объявления имени нового режиссёра. Позднее режиссёр сожалел, что продолжение снимет не он. В августе 2015 стало известно, что режиссёром девятого эпизода станет Колин Треворроу постановщик «Мира юрского периода». Однако на закрытую премьеру 7 эпизода, состоявшуюся в начале декабря, он приглашен не был, в отличие от Гарета Эдвардса, режиссёра «Изгоя-один». Треворроу признался, что в восторге от того, что сможет поработать с актёрами оригинальной трилогии. По мнению Кэтлин Кеннеди, его выбрали, так как в нём сочетались талантливый человек, опытный режиссёр и хороший рассказчик. Кеннеди заметила Треворроу после его первой картины «Безопасность не гарантируется», а порекомендовал режиссёра, её друг Брэд Бёрд. В сентябре он уже изучал вселенную «Звёздных войн».

Несмотря на отсутствие возможности много говорить о картине, режиссёр напомнил, что речь идёт о проекте масштаба вселенной и любая история может быть рассказана в её рамках, так как она безгранична. Он также уточнил, что никак не связан с разработкой проекта о Бобе Фетте и то, что снимать картину серии, это не работа и не задание, а обязанность старшего поколения рассказать историю у костра, чтобы научить чему-то новое поколение, дабы они могли создать что-то своё. Известно, что режиссёр сам был поклонником саги с детства, а его любимым персонажем во франшизе «Звёздные войны» являлась «Сила».

В январе 2016 года группа поклонников франшизы обратилась с петицией к Джорджу Лукасу с просьбой заменить режиссёра. Авторы петиции заметили, что не имеют ничего против Треворроу, но считают, что последнюю картину должен снимать создатель франшизы Лукас. Треворроу в одном из интервью сообщил, что не собирается прекращать работу над фильмом и сделает все возможное, чтобы стать достойным преемником. На кинофестивале Сандэнс режиссёр рассказал, что местом действия некоторых сцен станет космос и для того, чтобы снять эти сцены, он уже отправил запрос на получение камеры IMAX.

Компания Lucasfilm опубликовала заявление о том, что не намерена возвращать героя Кэрри Фишер на экраны с помощью компьютерной графики ещё в январе 2017 года. Треворроу подтвердил то, что персонаж актрисы должен был стать главным в его фильме.

Треворроу был искренне рад тому, что с ним работают некоторые блестящие специалисты: такие, как продюсер Кири Харт и сценаристы Lucasfilm, а также Кэтлин Кеннеди, Ларри Кэздан, Дж. Дж. Абрамс и Райан Джонсон. Он полагал, что эти люди — лучшие умы, и с их участием можно быть уверенными, что будет создан лучший финал из возможных. Он вырос на «Звёздных войнах», поэтому намерен приложить 120 % усилий, чтобы сделать всё правильно.

Дж. Дж. Абрамс

В сентябре 2017 руководство компании «Lucasfilm» сообщило, о том что было принято решение заменить Коллина Треворроу на посту режиссёра картины. Дэвиду Финчеру студия предложила кресло режиссёра до Абрамса, однако он отказался, предпочтя франшизе новые проекты, в том числе «Охотника за разумом». Новым режиссёром стал Дж. Дж. Абрамс, работавший над «Пробуждением силы». Через неделю после сообщения о смене режиссёра появилась петиция с заголовком «LucasFilm: уберите Дж. Дж. Абрамса с поста режиссёра Звёздных войн IX», с просьбой заменить Абрамса на посту режиссёра эпизода IX и, на момент публикации новости 18 сентября, она собрала 1811 подписей. Автор петиции аргументировал свою позицию тем, что, по его мнению, Абрамсу не хватает креативного мышления, и он как зритель не хотел бы увидеть ещё одну копию оригинальной трилогии, кроме того автор напомнил обещание, согласно которому у каждого фильма должен быть свой режиссёр. Руководство компании «Paramount Pictures» также не было в восторге от этой новости, так как режиссёр, согласно истекающему контракту, должен был снимать ещё один фильм для неё. Однако не все отреагировали на эту новость также негативно, например, актёр Джон Бойега был искренне рад тому, что вновь будет работать с Абрамсом.

Сценарий

В апреле 2017 режиссёр картины Колин Треворроу сообщил о том, что работа над сценарием закончена. Режиссёр признался, что написать сценарий фильма, завершающего трилогию, было не просто, так как пришлось рассматривать сценарий картины в контексте предыдущих фильмов По его словам, несмотря на то, что картина будет являться самостоятельным произведением, она все же будет продолжением восьмого эпизода саги. В работе над сценарием Треворроу помогал Дерек Коннолли. Планировалось, что персонаж Фишер будет играть значительную роль в картине, однако в связи с её смертью планы были пересмотрены. Поэтому сценаристам пришлось переосмыслить подготовленный материал и с января начать заново работу над сценарием, который уже не включал персонажа Фишер. Также ранее предполагалось появление нового персонажа, по имени Элло Аста, летчика на стороне Сопротивления, чей девиз «Рождён сумасшедшим». В конце апреля 2017 Кэтлин Кеннеди подтвердила, что сценарий написан и скоро его будут читать. Предполагалось, что Райан Джонсон, режиссёр 8 эпизода будет помогать Треворроу писать сценарий, для того, чтобы увязать сюжет картин друг с другом. Но в апреле 2017 Райан Джонсон сообщил, что не принимал участия в написании сценария к картине. Незадолго до своей отставки с поста режиссёра, Треворроу пригласил постановщика пьесы о Гарри Поттере, Джека Торна, переписать сценарий. После замены режиссёра Треворроу, место сценаристов заняли Дж. Дж. Абрамс и Крис Террио. Их сценарий стал четвёртым по счету с момента начала работы над картиной, не считая задумок Джорджа Лукаса.

В сценарии Колина Треворроу Кайло Рен должен был найти древнего ситха — Тора Валума, в лафкравтовом стиле, который должен был обучить Кайло. Тот должен был в конце обучения сразиться с призраком Дарта Вейдера и проиграть ему. После этого он бы минимум дважды сразился с Рей — на планете Мортис, известной как планета Отца, Сына и Дочери из мультсериала «Войны Клонов» и в финале, погибнув от руки Рей, предварительно ослепив её

После премьеры своей картины Райан Джонсон рассказал, что не писал в своем сценарии о том, кто должен быть родителями Рэй. Так что ими может оказаться кто угодно. В декабре 2017 режиссёр представил первые наброски для сценария, и тот получил рабочее название «Чёрный алмаз», предыдущая картина носила рабочее имя «Космический медведь», а «Изгой Один» снимался под именем «Лос-Аламос». В феврале 2018 года, Дж. Дж. Абрамс сообщил, что новый сценарий готов. Однако уточнил, что тот будет редактироваться по ходу работы над картиной. И что он с нетерпением ждет момента, когда зрители смогут увидеть фильм по этому сценарию. После премьеры «Последнего джедая» актриса Дейзи Ридли рассказала, что Абрамс так же писал сценарий к фильму, который поставил Джонсон, однако ей не известно, были ли эти сценарии связаны, дополнял ли один другой или сценарий Джонсона не имел ничего общего со сценарием Абрамса.

Подбор актёров

В августе 2016 Марк Хэмилл намекнул своим поклонникам, что его персонаж вернётся в девятой картине. Актёр одним из первых узнал о готовящихся съёмках новой трилогии в 2011 году от Джорджа Лукаса, что стало для него полной неожиданностью, как и то, что Лукас не будет режиссёром для новых частей. Он полагал, что Лукас сообщит о выходе на пенсию или о каких-то смежных проектах, в которых ему, как актёру, нет места из-за возраста. Тот отреагировал на это бурно:

Узнав о том, что Лукас продаёт компанию, Хэмилл испытал смешанные чувства, однако заметил, что компания Диснея является неплохим управленцем, и по его мнению сначала это казалось немыслимым, но чем больше он узнавал об этом, тем интереснее это становилось. Хэмилл не был согласен с теми решениями, которые принимали режиссёры седьмого и восьмого фильма относительно его персонажа и, все же, сыграл свою роль будучи профессионалом, сказав о том, что является большим поклонником франшизы. Подбор актёров осуществлялся с февраля 2017 года с помощью агентств в Лондоне и Лос-Анджелесе. В марте 2017 стало известно, что Гэри Барлоу прослушивался на роль и успешно прошёл кастинг, однако не уточнил, какую именно роль получил, из-за того, что побоялся лишиться работы.

В связи со смертью Кэрри Фишер пришлось пересматривать планы, однако рассматривалась возможность использования компьютерной графики. Позднее появилось сообщение о том, что персонаж Фишер все же появится на экране, так как её семья дала разрешение на использование её образа, однако не уточнялось, как именно. В середине апреля 2017 года Кэтлин Кеннеди сообщила, что персонаж Фишер не появится в девятом эпизоде. Фишер предполагала, что поскольку персонаж Харрисона Форда был на передовой в 7 фильме, а герой Марка Хэмилла оказался в центре сюжета 8 фильма, то её героиня должна была очутиться в гуще событий девятого эпизода:

И так должно было быть. Треворроу признался, что приготовил интересную развязку для персонажа Ридли. Юэн Макгрегор говорил о том, что с радостью сыграл бы вновь своего персонажа в новых фильмах, и ходили слухи о том, что рассматривают такую возможность. Джон Бойега уже в мае 2017 сообщил о том, что его персонаж появится в 9 эпизоде, хотя он пока не знает подробностей.

Съёмки

Съемки планировалось начать в апреле, однако их перенесли на июль 2017 года в Лондоне, на студию Pinewood Atlanta Studios, где снимались предыдущие картины серии. В мае 2017 сообщили, что съёмки начнутся в январе 2018 года. Треворроу решил снимать картину на 65-миллиметровую плёнку, в отличие от предыдущих двух фильмов, которые были сняты в 35-мм формате. По его мнению, плёнка должна помочь вернуть детские ощущения, которые возникали при просмотре старых картин. Он шутил, что не может снимать картину, так как её действие происходило «давным-давно, в далекой галактике». Режиссёр планировал отснять некоторые кадры в реальном космическом пространстве. Часть натурных съёмок пройдет в Нью-Мексико. Треворроу попросил Райана Джонсона отснять небольшой материал на местности, пока последний снимал свою картину. В конце сентября 2017 королева Британии Елизавета II ответила отказом на возможность провести съёмки на территории Винздорского парка, который является собственностью королевской семьи.

После замены режиссёра дата начала съёмок вновь была перенесена, на этот раз на июнь 2018 года. 25 февраля 2018 года стало известно, что съёмки стартуют в июле. 1 августа начались съемки на Pinewood Studios. Одним из мест съёмок стала пустыня Вади-Рам в Иордании, где ранее уже снималась планета Джеда в первом спин-оффе саги «Изгой-Один». Съёмки закончились 15 февраля 2019 года.

Музыка

10 января 2018 года было подтверждено, что Джон Уильямс вернется, чтобы сочинить и дирижировать музыку для Скайуокер. Восход. В следующем месяце Уильямс объявил, что это будет последний фильм Звездных войн, для которого он будет составлять музыку. В августе 2019 года выяснилось, что Уильямс написал около 35 из ожидаемых 135 минут музыки для фильма, который, по словам брата Уильямса Дона, будет включать все основные темы Саги Скайуокеров. Создание музыки началось в июле 2019 года, когда Уильямс и Уильям Росс дирижировали и оркестровали сессии в течение шести месяцев. Walt Disney Records выпустил альбом саундтрека в цифровом виде 18 декабря 2019 года, а физический выпуск последовал 20 декабря.

Специальные эффекты

В основе практических эффектов лежат модели, созданные дизайнером Коллином Канвелом, среди которых «Звезда смерти», «Тысячелетний сокол», «Крыло-Х» «Имперские крейсеры» и «TIE-Истребитель». Дизайнер был рад тому, что модели на основе его концептов вошли в новую трилогию. Хотя он пока ещё не успел посмотреть «Звёздные войны: Пробуждение силы». Он так же рассказал, что некоторые идеи к нему пришли в одном из британских пабов, так например, игра в дартс вдохновила на создание «Звезды смерти». А над созданием «TIE-Истребителей» ему пришлось хорошенько подумать и однажды они просто появились. Канвелл заметил, что у него нет любимого дизайна, каждый из них служил выполнению конкретной цели.

Маркетинг
Первые сообщения о предстоящей картине появились в августе 2015 года. Представители компаний «20th Century Fox» и «Lucasfilm» регулярно информировали о том, как продвигаются работы, ещё до того, как состоялась премьера восьмого эпизода. Режиссёр давал интервью, сообщая некоторые подробности о работе над сценарием и съёмках. Картина широко освещалась прессой, в основном американской, но и российские издания следили за развитием событий. Ряд актёров сообщили о своём участии ещё до начала подбора актёрского состава. Петиция с просьбой сменить режиссёра также не осталась без внимания прессы, однако не привела к замене режиссёра и возвращению Джорджа Лукаса.

Прокат
Изначально старт кинопроката в США был назначен на 23 мая 2019 года: компания Lucasfilm решила вернуться к традиции, в рамках которой первые 6 фильмов выходили в мае, и перенесла премьеру с декабря. В сентябре 2017 года, после замены режиссёра, было объявлено о переносе даты премьеры на 20 декабря 2019 года.

Отзывы критиков

После выхода фильм получил смешанные отзывы от критиков, которые хвалили экшн, но критиковали сюжет и темп повествования. На сайте-агрегаторе Rotten Tomatoes картина имеет рейтинг 51 %, основанный на 478 рецензиях, со средней оценкой 6,15/10. обобщённое мнение критиков звучит так: «Скайуокер. Восход» страдает от разочаровывающего недостатка воображения, при этом завершает любимую многими сагу с большим уважением к её поклонникам.» На сайте Metacritic фильм имеет средний рейтинг в 53 балла из 100, основываясь на шестидесяти рецензиях, которые обозначены как «смешанные или средние обзоры». Опрошенные случайным образом компанией CinemaScore на выходе из кинотеатров зрители присвоили фильму рейтинг «B+», по шкале от «A+» до «F».

В рецензии для журнала «Мир фантастики» Алексей Ионов дал следующую оценку фильму: «Восход» получился столь же противоречивым и неоднозначным, как и вся новая трилогия. Яркий, зрелищный, динамичный и безупречный с технической точки зрения фильм страдает от спорных сценарных решений, нулевой мотивации большинства персонажей и отсутствия хоть какого-то объяснения происходящего, и временами лишь отличная актёрская игра и достойная режиссура вытягивают провальные по написанию сцены.» При этом он похвалил режиссёра картины Джей Джей Абрамса написав, что тот «заслуживает только добрых слов за то, как он обставил на экране прощание с Кэрри Фишер и её героиней», а также выразил надежду что «теперь «Звёздным войнам» и правда пора на перезагрузку, поскольку нельзя и дальше выезжать на одном лишь наследии оригинальной трилогии.»

Продолжение

Ещё в начале 2017 года Боб Айгер и команда специалистов «Дисней» начали думать над тем, что будет после 9 эпизода саги, в следующие 15 лет. Президент Lucasfilm — Кэтлин Кеннеди считает, что после 9 эпизода будет продолжение, но Джордж Лукас изначально планировал 9 фильмов, связанных воедино историей семьи Скайуокеров, и стало неясно, будут ли они в новой серии фильмов или нет. Она отметила, что сейчас идет обсуждение, всё будет зависеть от успеха готовящихся картин — если их история покажется интересной, то они продолжат работу в этом направлении. Также она сообщила, что анонса о следующих картинах следует ждать в 2018 году. Лукас ранее заявлял о том, что компания Дисней решила не использовать его сценарии для съёмок седьмого, восьмого и девятого эпизодов саги. А также о том, что режиссёр создавал сагу, посвящённую семейным проблемам, а не космическим кораблям и что, прежде всего, это мыльная опера.

Режиссёр Райан Джонсон в июне 2017 года рассказал о том, что на тот момент велись какие-то разговоры, но не было никаких планов для развития истории после IX эпизода.

9 ноября 2017 года Disney и Lucasfilm анонсировали выпуск 4-й трилогии «Звёздных войн». Режиссёром первой картины новой трилогии стал Райан Джонсон, режиссёр и сценарист 8-го эпизода «Последние джедаи». Сюжет не будет связан с членами семьи Скайуокеров, речь должна пойти о новых героях из нового уголка вселенной. Никаких планируемых дат выхода озвучено не было.

Примечания
Комментарии

Источники

Ссылки

Эпизод 9
Фантастические фильмы 2019 года
Фильмы на английском языке
Фильмы-сиквелы
Диснеевские фильмы
Скайуокер. Восход
Фильмы США 2019 года
Сценарии Дж. Дж. Абрамса
Фильмы, спродюсированные Дж. Дж. Абрамсом
Фильмы Bad Robot Productions
Фильмы Lucasfilm
Фильмы с музыкой Джона Уильямса
Фильмы, спродюсированные Кэтлин Кеннеди

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Lady Sarah Chatto
Lady Sarah Frances Elizabeth Armstrong-Jones
(1964-05-01) 1 May 1964 (age 56)
Kensington Palace, London, England
Daniel Chatto
( m. 1994)
Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon (father)
Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon (mother)
Armstrong-Jones family
Lady Sarah Frances Elizabeth Chatto (née Armstrong-Jones; born 1 May 1964) is the only daughter of Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon, and Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon, and a niece of Queen Elizabeth II. She is the youngest granddaughter of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother. At the time of her birth she was seventh in line of succession to the British throne and is currently 24th.
Sarah Armstrong-Jones was born on 1 May 1964[1] at Kensington Palace in London. She was christened in the private chapel at Buckingham Palace[2] on 13 July 1964.[3] Her godmothers were Prudence, Lady Penn (née Stewart-Wilson), stepsister of Jocelyn Stevens; Jane Stevens, the wife of Jocelyn Stevens and one of Princess Margaret's ladies-in-waiting; and Marigold Bridgeman.[4] Her godfathers were David Fane, 15th Earl of Westmorland, and her father's friend Antony Barton.[4]
Lady Sarah is herself a godmother to Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex,[5] Lady Rose Gilman,[6] and Lady Louise Windsor.[7]
Lady Sarah and her brother, David, then Viscount Linley, grew up in the nursery of Kensington Palace, Apartment 10.[8][9] They were raised with a nanny called Verona Sumner, although their parents, most especially their father, were comparatively hands-on (for the time), with their father teaching them to build things and be creative.[8] They spent weekends, depending on with which parent, at either Nymans or Royal Lodge.[8] Holidays were given to the royal estates at Sandringham and Balmoral, where Lady Sarah did a lot of landscape painting.[8]
Lady Sarah was a bridesmaid at the wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Lady Diana Spencer. She accompanied her mother and brother on an official visit to China and Hong Kong in May 1987.[8]
She attended Bedales School, which she left with a single A level in Art.[8] She enrolled at the Camberwell School of Art.[10] She also studied art at the Royal Academy Schools.[10] After her studies there, she took a two-year sabbatical to travel with her father to India, where he was employed to photograph the production of A Passage to India.[8] The film's producer, John Knatchbull, 7th Baron Brabourne, gave her a job as an intern, assisting the wardrobe department (without credit)[4] and studying wood gilding under her father's cousin Thomas Messel.[8] Returning to England, she enrolled at Middlesex Polytechnic (renamed as Middlesex University since 1992).
From 9 December 2015 to 23 April 2016, the Redfern Gallery exhibited "recent paintings and drawings" by "Sarah Armstrong-Jones."[11]
She has been exhibiting her work, always under the name Sarah Armstrong-Jones, at the Redfern Gallery since 1995.[12] Her work has won awards: The Windsor & Newton Prize in 1988 and The Creswick Landscape Prize in 1990.[12]
She is vice-president of The Royal Ballet,[4] an appointment she accepted in 2004, following the example of her mother, who was also a patron of the Royal Ballet until her death two years before.[8]
Marriage and issue
The arms of Lady Sarah, being her father's borne on a lozenge.
Lady Sarah met Daniel Chatto during her sabbatical in India with her father in the 1980s. He was also working on a film, albeit a different film—Heat and Dust.[13] Chatto proposed to her with a "vintage cluster ring."[14] She married Chatto on 14 July 1994,[1] the marriage being officiated by the Reverend Chad Varah at St Stephen's, Walbrook, in the City of London. The bride's wedding gown was designed by Jasper Conran.[13] The Snowdon Floral Tiara which is made out of three brooches secured her veil.[15] Her bridesmaids were Lady Frances Armstrong-Jones, Zara Phillips (daughter of her cousin Anne, Princess Royal), and Tara Noble.[13] The couple have two sons:
Samuel David Benedict Chatto (born 28 July 1996) who is 25th in the line of succession to the British throne as of May 2019[update].
Arthur Robert Nathaniel Chatto (born 5 February 1999) who is 26th in the line of succession to the British throne and a former page of honour to Queen Elizabeth II (his grand-aunt) from 2009[16] to 2015.[17]
Both children attended Eton College. In 2018, Samuel graduated from the University of Edinburgh with a degree in the History of Art and now works as a potter. Arthur is currently enrolled at the University of Edinburgh.
^ a b Wayne C. Thompson (20 July 2016). Western Europe 2016–2017. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 30–. ISBN 978-1-4758-2905-1.
^ "The Royal Christening (Part 2)". Days of Majesty. Archived from the original on 23 September 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2017.
^ "Princess Margaret with her baby daughter". Getty Images. Retrieved 15 November 2017.
^ a b c d Knightley, Emma; Michaels, Ashley (2017). Coco, Tatiana (ed.). The Queen's Niece and Nephew (3 ed.). Archived from the original (Kindle) on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 9 December 2018. [self-published source?]
^ Smith, Terry; Thorpe-Tracey, Rosemary. "A Windsor War". People. Retrieved 15 November 2017.
^ Koenig, Marlene. "Windsor-Gilman Nuptials". Royal Musings. Archived from the original on 19 March 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2017.
^ "Royal Godparents". Yvonne's Royalty Page. Archived from the original on 27 August 2011. Retrieved 15 November 2017.
^ a b c d e f g h i Aronson, Theo (2013). Princess Margaret: A Biography. Thistle Publishing.
^ Their mother moved to 1A, currently occupied by the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, after divorcing Snowdon, while Prince and Princess Michael of Kent took Apartment 10. This information is clearly stated in Theo Aronson's biography of Princess Margaret.
^ a b Archived entry for "Lady Sarah Chatto" at Debrett's: https://web.archive.org/web/20100809210733/http://www.debretts.com/people/royal-family/biographies/lady-sarah-chatto.aspx
^ "Sarah Armstrong-Jones: Recent Paintings and Drawings". The Redfern Gallery. Archived from the original on 15 November 2017. Retrieved 15 November 2017. CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
^ a b "Sarah Armstrong-Jones". The Redfern Gallery. Archived from the original on 16 November 2017. Retrieved 16 November 2017. CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
^ a b c Green, Michelle. "An Artful Match". People. Retrieved 15 November 2017.
^ Chang, Mahalia (27 November 2017). "A Thorough History Of British Royal Engagement Rings". Harper's Bazaar Australia. Retrieved 31 May 2018.
^ "The Top Ten: Princess Margaret's Jewels". The Court Jeweller. 9 February 2015. Retrieved 31 May 2018.
^ Koenig, Marlene Eilers. "Four Pages at the State Opening of Parliament". Royal Musings. Archived from the original on 20 April 2015. Retrieved 16 November 2017. CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
^ "Queen Appoints Pages of Honour". Royal News. Archived from the original on 16 November 2017. Retrieved 16 November 2017. CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
Sarah Armstrong-Jones on IMDb
Sam Chatto
Born: 1 May 1964
Lines of succession
Lady Margarita Armstrong-Jones Line of succession to the British Throne
24th position Succeeded by
Samuel Chatto
Orders of precedence in the United Kingdom
The Countess of Snowdon Ladies
The Lady Sarah Chatto Succeeded by
The Duchess of Gloucester
This page is based on the Wikipedia article Lady Sarah Chatto; it is used under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY-SA). You may redistribute it, verbatim or modified, providing that you comply with the terms of the CC-BY-SA.


Do we grade the midterm by ourselves? Then where should we upload the scores? Is there a detailed policy for the midterm grading? I didn't quite get it in class today.
The midterms will be self-graded. The solutions are posted on the midterm page (note that the solution were updated around 5:30pm today).
Logistics: you should have your work back, – if you don't, visit me this Thursday during the office hours (or schedule an appointment).
Mark your corrections, subtracting points, in clearly visible ink (either physical or electronic), then either scan and send an email (Subject: ECE490 corrected midterm), or bring it to the class.
Deadline: midnight of April 4.
Rules: subtract 1/8 of the question value for arithmetic mistake; 2/3 for wrong method; 1/4 for wrong or missing (for whatever reason) answer. No work, subtract all.
If you got something wrong, write clearly what you should've been done instead. If you left a problem blank, produce your solution (copy-paste? no).
Circle your subtracted points and final score.
Final score: If we agree with your self-grading of a problem, you'll have your subtracted point halved for that problem. If we disagree, we'll grade it ourselves, and the subtraction will be in full.
Questions? Post them on the midterm page.
How are the points is correctly formulating the dual worth in problem 6? It doesn't say on the midterm.
For Problem 5, how many points we get if our answer contains only some parts of solution(for example, up to second or third line of uploaded solution for Problem 5)?
No path forward = wrong method.
For Problem 1, how many points do we get if we draw a picture, but don't have the function?
If the picture conveys a correct idea, full credit.
What kind of work needs to be shown for Problem 2?
If it is clear why you do what you do, it is enough.


text:
Listings >> District
Üsküdar is large and densely populated district of Istanbul, on the Anatolian shore of Bosporus. It is bordered by Beykoz, Ataşehir, Kadıköy, and Eminönü, old city, is on the opposite shore.
Üsküdar was found by ancient Greek colonists from Megara city state. Then, it was under control Byzantine Empire. Üsküdar was very important because all trade routes to Asia started here, and all Byzantine Army units headed to Asia mustered there. Above all, because of its location across from Constantinople, it was a natural target for anyone aiming at the capital. That's why emperors of Byzantine always paid special attention to Üsküdar. Turks started to be seen around Üsküdar during era of second Ottoman Sultan Orhan Gazi. Later, Üsküdar watched falling of Constantinople. In the Ottoman period Üsküdar was one of the three communities outside of the city walls.
Colour of Üsküdar has been always religions. Üsküdar was so important for Muslims and Kuzguncuk, neighbourhood of Üsküdar, was the same for Jewish. Üsküdar is on the east, and collected all the mysticism of east. Its dervish lodges and dervish convents were famous. In Üsküdar, mosque and church shared the same wall while a synagogue was neighbouring.
Üsküdar is a place where all the writers wrote something about it. Maybe many pages or just a two lines. But none of them skipped Üsküdar. Because it was the city who saw fall of Constantine. It saw the first ferryboat went from Üsküdar to Kabataş. It is the place where history, legends, green, blue and mysticism meet. Üsküdar has been always beautiful because it has Çamlıca, Çengelköy, Kuzguncuk, Salacak and view of Maiden's Tower from Salacak.
Nowadays, Üsküdar is construction site but still it has what it had. Now, it is home for retired people, many residents commute to European side for work or school. While all the residents of the city are suffering from traffic jam, residents of Üsküdar is always enjoying their trip meanwhile they are drinking their teas and watching sea from ferries. Due to transport across the Bosporus is easy by boat and cheap rent prices, central Üsküdar has a large student population.
Kız Kulesi also known as Maiden's Tower is located 150-200 meters away from shore of the Salacak district. It has been used for many different purposes over time. It was light house, tax collection area, a defence tower even it was used as a quarantine hospital. There are many legends about the tower. The legend of Leandros is sad and romantic. Leandros falls in love with a nun named Hero. She lives in Kız Kulesi. Every night, Hero builds a fire in the tower so that Leandros may find his way his way to her by swimming to the tower. Thus, they meet every night. One night, Hero is put out by storm, Leandros loses his way in the cold waters of Bosporus and dies. When Hero hears what happened, she cannot endure the pain and commits suicide. The Princess Legend says that soothsayer makes a prediction to the king that his daughter will die as a result of snakebite. Then, the King has a castle built in the sea in order to protect his daughter. Time passes and girl grows up in the castle. However, the prediction comes true as a snake hiding a fruit basket carried to the princess bites her and kills her. The Battalgazi legend is a Turkish one and it says that Battalgazi loves the daughter of the tekfur, a Christian ruler of a town. He doesn't bestow his daughter to Battalgazi so he places her in the tower in order to protect her. Battalgazi attacks the tower and abducts the girl. He mounts his horse with the girl and rides away.
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text:
King, Gandhi and non-violent protest
Published Sat 12 Feb 2000
What do socialists say?
By Helen Shooter
MANY PEOPLE who yearn for an alternative to capitalism also hope there is a peaceful way to transform it. Yet when non-violent protesters question the system's priorities they are frequently met with state repression-from arrests to teargas and, in extreme cases, live ammunition. Socialists want to build a society where wars and violence no longer happen. But is it possible to build a movement to challenge capitalism that has a principle of non-violence?
The black US civil rights activist Martin Luther King, and Gandhi, who campaigned to end British rule in India, are held up as proof that change can come through peaceful means. But that is not true in either of these examples. British rule in India reduced a country rich in resources to one where millions lived in dire poverty. Gandhi was part of the educated middle classes who wanted the British out of India. Like others of his class, Gandhi wanted a movement powerful enough to force Britain to leave. But he did not want it to spin out of middle class control and threaten to confront Indian business and leaders.
He always insisted his supporters obey the law, even though it was law imposed by Britain to defend its wealth and power. During the "Quit India" movement in 1942-3, which sparked off huge clashes with the police and army, Gandhi appealed for calm. The brutality of the British provoked mass strikes, peasant rebellions, armed attacks on police stations and the blowing up of railway lines. In 1946 there were even bigger protests, a wave of strikes and a naval mutiny that united Hindus and Muslims.
It was these confrontations, rather than Gandhi, which convinced the British ruling class they had to leave the "ungovernable" India. In the 1960s another bitter struggle took place. It was over civil rights for black people in the US. In the Southern US the Jim Crow laws meant black people were segregated from whites and denied the right to vote. Martin Luther King too came from a middle class background. He became leader of the 1955 Montgomery bus boycott, the campaign against segregation on the buses.
King argued the way to end discrimination in the south was to stage non- violent protests against those who believed in segregation and the racist police. The ensuing bloody battles forced President Kennedy to introduce civil rights laws in 1964 and his successor, Johnson, to put through the Voting Rights Act of 1965. But these "non-violent" gains depended on the repressive force of the state, such as the National Guard, to implement the laws against the wishes of racists. The US government would not play this role once King's protests spread to the north. Black people there faced discrimination even though the Jim Crow laws did not apply. King's protest movement now meant confrontation with the government. Many black activists came to the conclusion that they needed more radical protests. The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee members were increasingly influenced by the more militant Black Power ideas. Its leaders, such as Stokely Carmichael, began to talk of armed resistance.
The civil rights struggle hit the North after repeated police violence resulted in the Watts ghetto in Los Angeles exploding in a riot. King himself was shifted leftwards by the experience of struggle and his recognition that racism was built deep into the system. He broke with the government over the Vietnam War in 1967, saying the US should get out, and began to put across much more radical ideas. King was on his way to support a strike by black workers in March 1968 when he was assassinated.
To have a principle of non-violence can be a barrier to people fighting back. It can be used to attack those who defend themselves when the police weigh into demonstrators or strikers on a picket line. The danger is that by making non-violence into a principle we also make it impossible to build a movement which can effectively take on capitalism, the most violent system that has ever existed.
Sat 12 Feb 2000, 00:00 GMT


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I grew up loving tomato ketchup, not to mention yellow mustard and Miracle Whip, which I always thought was mayonnaise. At home, those were our three condiments along with Milwaukee's Best Pickles, pickle relish and assorted salad dressings for iceberg lettuce salads. When we had green leafy garden lettuce my Mom would make my favorite homemade French dressing or my Dad would make the warm sweet and sour bacon dripping dressing which we all loved.
Ketchup does not need to have tomatoes as part of its base, though. It didn't have tomatoes at all at first. "Ketchup" can refer to any number of long-lasting condiments to be enjoyed with meals throughout the cold months. Through the years a myriad of ingredients including fruits, vegetables, shellfish and mushrooms have all been preserved by cooking them with vinegar, sweeteners and assorted spices into ketchups. The vinegar and sugar create an environment that allows the ketchup to be shelf stable for a long period of time with proper storage.
According to Wikipedia, the origin of ketchup seems to have come from a 17th century Chinese mixture of pickled fish sauce and spices called "kôe-chiap" or "kê-chiap." By the 18th century the English colonists tasted it in the Malay states where the word for it was "kicap" or "kecap" (pronounced "kay-chap"). This evolved into the English word ketchup which was brought to the colonies by English settlers, which is also where tomatoes were introduced into the recipe. (The English primarily had used mushrooms to make their ketchup.) By the way, my favorite story about the introduction of tomato in America is the tale of Colonel Robert Gibbon Johnson who consumed a tomato on the Court House steps in Salem, New Jersey in 1820 to prove that they were not poisonous, as many people thought at the time.
Back to ketchup, though; you can also call it "catsup." They're the same thing. I have my parent's old catsup container next to my ketchup bottle in the fridge and they seem to get along.
I even occasionally make my own tomato ketchup. I don't make it to replace store bought ketchup but as a way of using a bounty of summer tomatoes. I remember the first batch I made a few years ago. It was sublime. The texture was smooth and velvety, the color a deep rich red and the flavor made it taste like more. I had planned on canning my product later, so I put it in the refrigerator. Well I made one mistake. I had been stirring it with a metal spoon. When I placed it on the shelf in the fridge, the spoon slid off the top of the saucepan and into the ketchup. It was a riveted metal spoon and as it sat in the acidic sauce, it leached the metal flavor into the whole batch. That batch was gone and so too went the spoon. I felt like such a rookie.
Now when I make ketchup it is in small batches for special occasions and I use a wooden spoon for stirring. Below is a recipe that makes a nice small batch of tomato ketchup. I also occasionally make cranberry ketchup from a bounty of Wisconsin cranberries (my cousin manages a bog up north). That is really delicious! I'll share the recipe as soon as I can find it.
These days, there are so many good ketchups on the grocery store shelves, not to mention in specialty and ethnic stores, that it seems silly to make ketchup from scratch. Besides plain tomato ketchup, you can find Balsamic, Curry, Siracha, Banana, Mango and even Teriyaki Ketchup. But it is as easy to make some of these flavored ketchups as it is to buy them. Simply add concentrated flavor to plain commercial tomato ketchup and call it your own. Try either of the following recipes (or make up your own and share with me). Enjoy!
Method: Cook the tomatoes, apple cider vinegar, red wine vinegar, dark brown sugar, salt and pepper in a stainless steel or enameled sauce pot. Bring to a boil and simmer 30-35 minutes until thicken. Run through a food mill and stir in the Worcestershire sauce.
Method: Mix and enjoy with Weisswurst or other great German brats.
Method: Mix and enjoy with mushrooms, beef, pork or salmon.
Method: Cook the balsamic vinegar in a stainless sauce pot until reduced by about 2/3. Use as desired.


text:
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HomeClassic MoviesRicardo Montalban: 1940s 'Latin Lover' + Star Trek 'Khan'
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Ricardo Montalban: 1940s 'Latin Lover' + Star Trek 'Khan'
Andre Soares 12 years ago
Ricardo Montalban, who co-starred in several 1940s MGM musicals and later played the mysterious host in the long-running 1970s TV series Fantasy Island, died this morning at his Los Angeles home. The cause of death hasn't been announced. Montalban was 88.
Though never a major box office attraction, in the 1940s and early 1950s Ricardo Montalban (born in Mexico City on Nov. 25, 1920) played opposite some big names in lightweight fare such as Fiesta, On an Island with You, and Neptune's Daughter, all starring Esther Williams (right); the charming Two Weeks with Love, with Jane Powell; Sombrero, with Pier Angeli; and the laughable Latin Lovers, in which the Mexican Montalban plays a Spanish-accented Brazilian wooing Lana Turner.
Additionally, Montalban's fiery dancing with Cyd Charisse and Ann Miller is the highlight of the otherwise mundane The Kissing Bandit, starring Frank Sinatra and Kathryn Grayson.
Among Montalban's more serious roles during that period were those in Anthony Mann's crime drama Border Incident; William A. Wellman's Oscar-nominated (and dreadful) Battleground, in which he freezes to death; and John Sturges' watchable crime drama Mystery Street, playing a police investigator who teaches a lesson or two to some of the film's WASP characters. Mystery Street received an Oscar nomination for best motion picture story in 1950.
Among his more recent film appearances – as in, in the last 50 years – were supporting roles in Sayonara, Cheyenne Autumn, Madame X, The Singing Nun, the out-there campy villain in Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, and Spy Kids 3-D: Game Over.
Despite his extensive film career, Montalban is best remembered for his Mr. Roarke, the white-suited gentleman with long sideburns who makes sure that each visitor to Fantasy Island – often movie stars of yore – achieve their dream (or nightmare, as the case might be). The show, which co-starred Herve Villechaize, ran from 1978 to 1984. Among the featured guests were MGM alumni Jane Powell, Cyd Charisse, Peter Lawford, and Anne Francis.
Montalban also guested in loads of TV shows, from Dr. Kildare to Family Guy, and appeared on stage, starring opposite Lena Horne on Broadway in the 1957 musical Jamaica, for which he was nominated for a Tony. He also toured in George Bernard Shaw's Don Juan in Hell and in The King and I.
In his autobiography, Reflections: A Life in Two Worlds, Montalban discusses prejudice he encountered both in Mexico (his Spanish immigrant parents had different customs from the locals) and in the US (seeing a sign on a Texan diner, "No Dogs or Mexicans Allowed"). In the 1970s, he helped to found Nosotros (the title of a 1945 Mexican melodrama in which he had starred), an organization whose aim is to promote non-biased portrayals of people of Spanish-speaking origin in Hollywood films.
He was married to Georgiana Young, a younger sister of Loretta Young. She died in November 2007.
Ann MillerAnne FrancisCyd CharisseEsther WilliamsGeorge Bernard ShawJane PowellLana TurnerLoretta YoungPeter LawfordPier AngeliRicardo MontalbanWilliam A. Wellman
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Red Skelton Movies: Bathing Beauty + The Fuller Brush Man
'Earthquake' 1974 Revamp: Seismic Disaster to Obliterate California + Bring Estranged Couple...
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moe -
Ricardo Montalban was very impressing and attrackting as AMAL the warrior in the movie QUEEN of BABYLON co-starring Rhonda Fleming..He was handsome viril and very sexy ,. RIP senor Montalban.We ll always miss you
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