We would like to thank Nino Lombardo for the wonderful photo shoot he gave us in Favignana. We have explained the importance of these photos (we expect our first child) and Nino has perfectly understood this special moment we are living. The result was a beautiful photo shoot with surprising and spontaneous photos. Nino has captured all our happiness with the beauty of that incredible place! I was sure the photos would be beautiful, but it exceeded our expectations. We are extremely happy and satisfied !!
One word "thank you": thank you because we were excited to see the best moments of the most important day of our lives, because you were able to grasp what we are with our embarrassed smiles and our funny grimaces, because you have been able to catch every single emotion, because you have put us at ease with your delicacy ... congratulations because before being an undisputed professional you are a humble person who we have been lucky enough to know !!!!!
"When I decided to offer my girlfriend a trip to Sicily, I wanted to have a photographer present for the engagement proposal. After careful research, I found Nino online. I spent some time looking at the style of his photos. and I liked them immediately. I decided to contact him and he replied in a very friendly and quick way, he lost time to help me in my search for the perfect city in Sicily, he was very flexible in the date and time and responded a lot. quickly via e-mail every time. On the special day, he took his time for me and my fiancée with the photo shoot, walking around the beautiful town of Cefalù and giving instructions when needed.Also delivering the (very nice) photos he has less time required than expected. I would recommend Nino to everyone, from abroad and from Sicily, for their photo shoots. I would hire him again in the blink of an eye. "
The professionalism of an expert and his team will remain forever in our memories that through his photography will relive forever! Simply thank you!
On our wedding day we had lost some details, because of the emotion, but Nino with his photos made us relive instant by instant. We magically relived everything, in each photo we can perceive all the experience, professionalism, creativity, attention and attention to detail. Knowing, knowing how to do, knowing how to be! Nino Lombardo, the top!
We got married in front of our families and our great friends in such a wonderful and memorable place. We had to make sure we had a photographer who could capture our special moments. We searched online to find someone in Cernobbio but we didn't find anyone we could say that we liked their photos enough. Rather by chance we saw the website of Nino Lombardo, we immediately loved the way he had captured the moments, he felt that there was so much captured every photo of him. We contacted him and he was so professional and reassuring. We knew immediately that we were in good hands.
Finding a photographer among the many offers of the province of Trapani was not easy, but when by chance we saw the photos of Nino Lombardo we said to ourselves: we found it !! luckily we could not have made a better choice !! Looking at the video of that day we realize that he was not simply the photographer, but he managed all the situations that involved a certain attention and form, from the dressing of the bride, to leaving the house, to entering the church, in sala ... His presence was constant and always discreet, we never had the feeling of being 'followed' by someone, we lived the day in a simple and natural way precisely because we did not have a photographer who made special requests, as often It happens It is a careful and sensitive photographer, who has been able to grasp the various nuances of the day, the result is wonderful !!
The day of your wedding the emotion will be so much that the next day you would like to try to relive and remember everything. Well ... With his work you will be able to excite yourself in the same way by looking at his photos. You will hardly notice his presence and that of his team and you will wonder where he was when he caught you in that precise and spontaneous moment. I am sure that not everyone is able to make you fully relive your day as you really felt it and lived it. He did it. ... When you decide to choose Nino, you will have chosen for the best! Thank you!
Nino is extremely professional and he helped us a lot even when we heard from Skype, because we live abroad. The photos are wonderful and his work meticulous; a little less than two weeks from the big day we received the link to our online gallery. The only difficulty now is choosing the photos for the album with so much choice!
A great professional! High-level photos, exciting and emotional ... He accompanied us in our day in a silent way, absolutely present but not intrusive! Each shot tells the moment immortalized with all its nuances ... Top!
It was an emotion to live it but it was incredible and special to see everything with your eyes. The people we love, the smiles, the worries, the joy, the tears of happiness, the warmth ... We looked at your photos two years ago and we were thrilled in the stories of others! Then we met you and we understood what makes what you tell special: you. Your world. Your look. Your feelings. It was an honor to meet you and share this special day with you. Thanks Nino, thanks for getting excited once again.
Our shyness told your goal "read me" and choosing the "blue" you wanted to paint and impress on canvas the intimacy and the profound, the 'Beyond' that is within us. That Blue, evokes in my mind Chagall, he used it to describe the divine essence of his Love. Leafing through each photo, it is a journey between reality and fiction that becomes, at the same time, an autobiography of the characters ... awkward and true to external looks. Our world has merged with your eye, catching and respecting our nature. Your work is sublime and we can't do anything but tell you immensely THANK YOU.
Opinions and comments of the spouses on Wedding Photography Services. What do they think of Nino Lombardo. Testimonials and Wedding Photographer Reviews.
"I love photographing weddings and I am always very happy to receive letters, thank you notes and warm emails from happy couples. I had the privilege and honor of capturing engaged couples and weddings throughout Sicily. Some wonderful weddings around Italy and one in India over the years, so first of all thanks to everyone for choosing to tell your story through my eyes, in fact it was a pleasure to meet you and your guests. for having placed full trust in me in my passion and creativity. Here are some beautiful words of kindness from my couples".
EVERYTHING THAT GETS OUT OF YOUR AMAZING FANTASTIC AND SO MUCH EXPECTED DAY OF MARRIAGE ARE PHOTOGRAPHS!
We plan an appointment in the studio or send me an email and tell me about you.
How do we organize your wedding report? Let's talk about.


Accelerated rejection of allografted rat liver perfused with anti-ICAM-1 monoclonal antibody.
Infusion of mouse anti-rat ICAM-1 into the portal vein of ACI rat liver graft before transplantation resulted in accelerated rejection by LEW recipients (2.9 +/- 2.5 days), when compared to the ACI liver grafts perfused with either Lactate-Ringer's solution (9.8 +/- 1.3) or anti-human ICAM-1 mAb (9.8 +/- 3.1). Histologic features of anti-rat ICAM-1 perfused grafts were spotty ischemic necrosis, whereas those of control grafts were marked cellular infiltration. These combined survival and histologic data suggest that the accelerated rejection may be mediated by vascular deterioration.
Department of Surgery, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
Previous Document: Detection of thyroid-stimulating antibody in patients with inflammatory thyrotoxicosis.


High quality Dont Let Anyone Dull Your Sparkle inspired T-Shirts, Posters, Mugs and more by independent artists and designers from around the world. All orders are custom made and most ship worldwide within 24 hours.
Never Let Anyone Dull Your Sparkle What others are saying "I put this in here, not because it is a "Fight Club" quote, but merely to point out just how obsessed we become as consumers.


We bring together healthcare professionals who have a special interest in pulmonary vascular diseases and right ventricular function from across medicine to play an active scientific and clinical role in our community.
The Working Group supports a wide variety of initiatives from basic science to clinical medicine, to stimulate debate, to organize education and training, to undertake scientific papers and surveys, and to provide clinical management guidelines and recommendations in the fields of acute pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular function.
Members are expected to take an active part in the activities of the Working Group by organizing and participating in its activities, including its Nucleus.


A bright geometric cushion cover in blue triangles.
Brighten up your home with this bright blue geometric triangle cushion cover.
Would look great in any room to liven up a dull space.
Made from cotton this geometric triangle pattern is a popular scandi style trend, the reverse is a lovely natural brown linen.
You have the option of just the cushion cover only where you will need a 45cm cushion pad or 50cm cushion pad for a plumper cushion. Or alternatively choose the cushion with pad at checkout to receive the whole cushion.
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Papworth Hospital is a three star trust providing specialised adult services in cardiology, cardiac surgery, thoracic surgery and respiratory medicine, known as cardiothoracic services. It serves principally the 2.5 million people in Norfolk, Suffolk, Cambridgeshire and mid and north Bedfordshire and is the country's main heart and lung centre.
The University of Cambridge consists of over 100 departments, faculties and schools plus a central administration. It is world-famous for the quality of its research. This web-site gives you access to information on each of the roles of the University, from undergraduate courses to current research.
This scientific research group, part of the University of Cambridge Department of Medicine is based at Addenbrooke's Hospital in Cambridge and headed by Dr. David Grainger, one of the members of the MaGiCAD Management Committee. They conduct research into the role of inflammation in a range of human diseases, with a particular interest in the role of cytokines in the control of immune function.
One of the leading Medical Research charities in the UK, the BHF supports a wide range of research into heart disease, including clinical studies and basic science. One of the members of the Management Committee, Dr. David Grainger, is currently a BHF Senior Research Fellow.
Working at Imperial College, London, Prof. Nicholson, together with his colleagues Dr Elaine Holmes and Prof John Lindon, is one of the world's leading scientists in the field of metabonomics. Our collaboration with his laboratory has brought real progress in the field of clinical metabonomics, and some of the analysis of the MaGiCAD samples will take place at with Prof. Nicholson and colleagues.


text:
package org.apache.ignite.platform;

/**
 * Binarizable object for task tests.
 */
public class PlatformComputeBinarizable {
    /** Field. */
    public int field;

    /**
     * Constructor.
     */
    public PlatformComputeBinarizable() {
        // No-op.
    }

    /**
     * Constructor,
     *
     * @param field Field.
     */
    public PlatformComputeBinarizable(int field) {
        this.field = field;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


I loved PAINTED FACES. It was in my top reads for 2013. While you wait for Killer Queen read Painted Faces.
L.H. Cosway has a BA in English Literature and Greek and Roman Civilisation, and an MA in Postcolonial Literature. She lives in Dublin city. Her inspiration to write comes from music. Her favourite things in life include writing stories, vintage clothing, dark cabaret music, food, musical comedy, and of course, books.She thinks that imperfect people are the most interesting kind. They tell the best stories.Her next book, Killer Queen (A Painted Faces Novel), will be released on October 20th, 2014.L.H. is represented by Louise Fury at The Bent Agency.


The European Union is a "disaster" and a "danger" for Europe that has no place in its future, leaders of European parties said at a gathering in Prague. They also vowed to develop cooperation outside the EU structures.
Her words were echoed by Geert Wilders, the leader of the Dutch Pro-Dutch Party for Freedom (PVV), who also called the EU an "existential threat" for European nation states.
"My party is convinced that the Netherlands would be better off outside the European Union, and it will be better for our economy, for our security," Wilders said. He also once again called for putting an end to mass immigration into Europe and said that the European countries should follow the example of US President Donald Trump on this issue by imposing travel bans to restrict the inflow of migrants and even by building walls.
The leaders were attending a congress of the Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom (MENL), a European Parliament group established in 2015, which consists of far-right, far-right and Eurosceptic parties. The congress, held under the slogan "For a Europe of sovereign nations," was organized by the Czech populist Freedom and Direct Democracy Party (SPD), which itself is not a member of MENL.
The SPD leader, a Czech businessman of Japanese descent, Tomio Okamura, also denounced the EU model as "dysfunctional" and called for reform. Apart from Le Pen and Wilders, the meeting was also attended by far-right politicians from Belgium, the UK and Poland, as well as by members of the Austrian FPO and Italy's Northern League parties.
The congress was held as the far-right are gaining in popularity across Europe due to growing anti-immigrant sentiments. On Friday, the FPO entered Austria's new government in a coalition with the conservatives, following its resounding success in the recent parliamentary elections in October.
Earlier, another populist party known for its extremely hardline stance on immigration and Islam, Alternative for Germany (AfD), enjoyed what it described as a historic success in federal parliamentary elections.
In late October, anti-immigrant and Eurosceptic parties also led the parliamentary elections in the Czech Republic. Okamura's SPD became the fourth largest political force in the parliament as it gained slightly more than 10 percent of the vote.
In the French presidential elections in spring 2017, Marine le Pen, the leader of the far-right National Front party, made it into the run-off, beating candidates from such major establishment parties as the Republicans and the Socialists. And in the Netherlands, Geert Wilders' ultra-nationalist Party of Freedom came second in this year's parliamentary elections.
The opposition to the far-right remains nonetheless significant. The Czech police had to tighten security measures around the congress venue, as hundreds of protesters demonstrated in Prague against the congress, according to Radio Praha. Police also took additional security measures to protect Wilders, who has faced death threats over his radical anti-Islam remarks.


text:
A time and chance to say 'Enough!' and end sexual harassment and violence
Social media allows all women to make our voices heard. We also need men, silent too often, to join us as partners in changing culture.
By Lee Roper-Batker
November 15, 2017 — 5:57pm
Are we finally at the tipping point to understand and end the scale and scope of the sexual harassment, assault and violence women face?
Social media has given new voice and power: the hidden and private violence and pain is now public and visible. Women's experiences, and some men's, are united through thousands of stories shared on social media demonstrating this violence is ubiquitous.
It is a systemic sickness that's gone untreated for generations, from Hollywood, to Silicon Valley and tech companies, to Fox News and National Public Radio, to schools and sports teams, to Congress and our own very state Legislature.
It's been 40 years since sexual harassment was defined and deemed unacceptable and corporations were held to account. We've had three watershed moments that courageous women made possible.
The first sexual harassment ruling involved a brave young woman, Mechelle Vinson. In 1978, she filed charges against the bank where, as a 19-year-old teller trainee, she was assaulted and raped by her manager over the next three years of her young life. Her case first held companies liable for sexual harassment on June 19, 1986, when the Supreme Court unanimously ruled that sexual harassment violated federal laws against discrimination.
Two years later, Minnesota's Lois Jensen saw her case — and the first class-action lawsuit — succeed in awarding damages. And, in 1991, Anita Hill shared her stories to a shocked world. (I proudly wore my "I believe Anita" button. Did you?)
Today, rather than lawsuits and the stories of a few brave women, we have a new key driver to amplify the volume and power of women's lived experiences. Social media is controlled by no one. Women's voices are loud, uncensored.
We're not starting from scratch. Good work has been built by survivors and nonprofits across the United States, to heal and to change culture. Today, I am filled with hope that we're ready to listen and act. That in this moment, with millions of conversations happening, no one is silenced and there is a palpable, unstoppable thirst for awareness, voice, agency and change.
We know that behavior and culture can change. We've seen it with seat belts, smoking cessation and sex trafficking, and we'll end sexual harassment and assault, too.
Human beings can live many contradictions. But one contradiction that must change is that men can be both upstanding citizens and community and faith leaders — and abusers. This contradiction has been built and sustained through a system that ensures women have less value, power and voice than men, and that does not hold men accountable for their actions. As a culture, we are now saying Enough!
Yet, it will take all of us: those with stories to share and those willing to listen and learn. A basic tenet of change is that you must recognize a problem before you can deal with it. As a society, we must recognize that objectifying, disrespecting and seeing women as having less value is as antiquated as cave men with clubs, ready to drag you to their den. Our culture holds toxic messages around women — and the time is now to clean it up.
Most men are good men. I'm surrounded by them. But most men are also silent. Quiet when the guys are grabbing a beer and one of them is ogling the waitress. Quiet when someone is razzed for wearing pink socks, or for being "whipped" when choosing to leave after one drink to be with his family.
It's time that men understand that their silence is complicit in allowing sexual violence. This isn't a "women's issue," it's a men's issue — it's a cultural issue — it's everybody's issue.
We invite all men — all people — to join us as equal partners in changing culture. Let's not look back in another 20 years to think of this tremendous moment in history as just another steppingstone that led nowhere.
Let's all commit to knowing that this generation stepped up and ended sexual harassment and violence.
Lee Roper-Batker is president and CEO of the Women's Foundation of Minnesota.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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I sometimes encounter a strange problem on some "archive" pages.
I don't know why, and without any action on my part and in a random way, the content of the title tag or meta description skips/disappears while the fields are correctly filled in the backoffice.
Is this a known issue for you?
I hope you can give me some help.
there is a difference between the content of Title filled in the Wordpress admin (fig. 1) and the Title in front (fig. 02).
thank you for replying : I just filled the form .
thank you for your fast reply. Did you test the switch to the default theme on my website? Did you see where is the issue / the reason on my custom theme, then I could help my developer ?
thank you for your answer, I'm going to feedback your answers to my developer.


text:
Home | About us | Editorial Board | Search | Ahead of print | Current Issue | Archives | Submission | Subscribe | Advertise | Contact | Login
Sundar AS
Kodali R
Sulaiman S
Ravullapalli H
Karthekeyan R
Vakamudi M
Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting
intubation response
off-pump
The effects of preemptive pregabalin on attenuation of stress response to endotracheal intubation and opioid- sparing effect in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting
Ayya Syama Sundar1, Rajeshkumar Kodali1, Sajith Sulaiman1, Harish Ravullapalli1, Ranjith Karthekeyan1, Mahesh Vakamudi2
1 Department of Cardiac Anaesthesiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Porur, Chennai, India
2 Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Porur, Chennai, India
Date of Acceptance 20-Sep-2011
The clinical study was designed to evaluate and compare single preoperative dose of pregabalin to a placebo regarding hemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation, to assess perioperative fentanyl requirement and any side-effects. It was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel assignment, efficacy study. The study was done at a tertiary university hospital. This study was a comparison between two groups of 30 adult patients scheduled for elective off pump coronary artery bypass surgery. In the control group, the patients were given placebo capsules, and in the pregabalin group, the patients were given pregabalin 150 mg capsule orally 1 h before surgery. The patients were compared for hemodynamic changes before the start of the surgery, after induction, 1, 3, and 5 min after intubation. Additionally, fentanyl requirement during surgery and the first postoperative day was also compared. The present study shows that a single oral dose of 150 mg pregabalin given 1 h before surgery attenuated the pressor response to tracheal intubation in adults, but the drug did not show any effect on perioperative opioid consumption and was devoid of side-effects in the given dose.
Keywords: Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting, intubation response, off-pump, pregabalin
Sundar AS, Kodali R, Sulaiman S, Ravullapalli H, Karthekeyan R, Vakamudi M. The effects of preemptive pregabalin on attenuation of stress response to endotracheal intubation and opioid- sparing effect in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Ann Card Anaesth 2012;15:18-25
Sundar AS, Kodali R, Sulaiman S, Ravullapalli H, Karthekeyan R, Vakamudi M. The effects of preemptive pregabalin on attenuation of stress response to endotracheal intubation and opioid- sparing effect in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Ann Card Anaesth [serial online] 2012 [cited 2021 Jan 21];15:18-25. Available from: https://www.annals.in/text.asp?2012/15/1/18/91473
Preemptive analgesia is defined as an antinociceptive treatment that prevents the establishment of altered central processing of afferent input, which amplifies postoperative pain. [1] The concept of preemptive analgesia to reduce postoperative pain was founded on a series of successful animal experimental studies that demonstrated central nervous system plasticity and sensitization after nociception. [2],[3],[4] A variety of interventions have been used to achieve a pronounced preemptive effect, such as epidural analgesia, peripheral local anesthetic infiltrations, systemic N-methyl d-aspartate receptor antagonists, systemic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and systemic opioids. [5],[6]
Gabapentinoids (gabapentin and pregabalin) are relatively new drugs, which were originally introduced as antiepileptics and also have analgesic, anticonvulsant, and anxiolytic effects. These drugs are well tolerated by patients and produce limited side-effects. Pregabalin is a structural analog of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). It acts by presynaptic binding to the α -2-λ subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels that are widely distributed in the spinal cord and brain. [7] By altering calcium currents, pregabalin reduces or modulates the release of several excitatory neurotransmitters, including glutamate, norepinephrine, substance P, and calcitonin gene-related peptide, producing inhibitory modulation of "overexcited" neurons and returning them to a "normal" state. Thus, pregabalin appears to reduce the hyperexcitability of dorsal horn neurons that is induced by tissue damage. [8]
Pregabalin had been shown to be effective in neuropathic pain, diabetic neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, acute postoperative pain, and in reducing the postoperative opioid requirements. [3],[9] Furthermore, a growing body of evidence suggests that perioperative administration is efficacious for preoperative anxiolysis, preventing chronic postsurgical pain, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and delirium. [10],[11],[12] Because patients may be anxious in the perioperative period, the anxiolytic effects of pregabalin may be beneficial. [13],[14]
Gabapentin was effectively used to attenuate hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. [15],[16],[17],[18] Only one study in the available literature evaluated the efficacy of pregabalin for preventing intubation response. Eren et al., evaluated the effectiveness of pregabalin in suppressing the hemodynamic response to intubation in lumbar spinal surgeries. [19] Till now the efficacy of pregabalin in attenuation of stress response during tracheal intubation has not been reported in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) grafting. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of pregabalin on the changes in blood pressure and heart rate observed during laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. Another aim was to assess the opioid sparing effect of pregabalin in the perioperative period.
Study type: Interventional.
Study design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel assignment, efficacy study.
The preoperative administration of pregabalin 150 mg orally as premedication will suppress the stress response to intubation without causing hemodynamic compromise and reduce perioperative fentanyl consumption in patients undergoing OPCAB grafting.
Objectives of the study
The objective of this study was to assess the possible effects of pregabalins on attenuation of the hemodynamic response to oropharyngeal instrumentation and the opioid sparing.
The study was approved by the hospital ethical committee. After obtaining informed and written consent, 60 adult patients scheduled for elective OPCAB surgery under general anesthesia in Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute between July and December 2010 were enrolled in a double-blind, randomized study. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups of 30 each, using a computer-generated randomized list. The control group received a placebo capsule similar to pregabalin and the pregabalin group received pregabalin 150 mg (Lyrica capsules, manufactured by Pfizer Co., India). Both groups received their tablets orally, 60 min before surgery.
Exclusion criteria
Ejection fraction of less than 50%.
Preoperative left bundle branch block.
Known sensitivity to pregabalin.
Documented pre-existing chronic pain on or off analgesics.
Seizure disorders.
Patients who were taking pregabalin or gabapentin.
Patients on chronic neuroleptic medications and taking tricyclic antidepressants or serotonin and norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitors.
Age more than 70 years.
Pregnant or breast-feeding females.
Anticipated difficult airway.
Severe systemic disorders (e.g., insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, uncontrolled hypertension, kidney or liver insufficiency, and severe respiratory disorder).
The day before surgery, all patients were visited for pre-anesthesia assessment and to explain the study protocol. All the patients received oral diazepam 10 mg and pantoprazole 40 mg the evening before surgery and morning of surgery. The patients were randomly divided into two equal groups using a computer-generated table of random numbers, to receive the medication orally 60 min before surgery. Those enrolled in the pregabalin group received 150 mg of pregabalin, whereas those in the control group received placebo (capsule similar to pregabalin). The study drug was prepared by the pharmacy and an appropriate code number was assigned. Angiotensin- converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor antagonists were stopped at least a day prior to surgery. Calcium channel blockers were stopped on the day of surgery, while beta-blockers were continued. Medication administration and data collection were performed in a double-blind manner, so that neither the patients nor the healthcare personnel were aware of the medication assignment. The coding remained blinded until the end of the study.
On arrival in the operating room, noninvasive monitors (electrocardiography -II and V leads, noninvasive blood pressure, pulse oximetry, and bispectral index monitor) were commenced. A 16-G intravenous cannula was inserted in an appropriate anterior cubital vein and a 20-G radial artery cannula was inserted for direct arterial blood pressure measurements and to obtain blood samples. A 7-F pulmonary catheter was introduced via a 9-F introducer sheath into the right jugular vein and it was advanced to a wedge position under continuous pressure monitoring. Monitoring included direct arterial blood pressure, pulmonary arterial pressures, nasopharyngeal temperature, urine output, and capnography. All the cannulations were performed under local anesthesia.
After 3 min of preoxygenation, general anesthesia was induced with intravenous administration of fentanyl 5 mcg/kg, midazolam 50 mcg/kg, and 4 mg/kg thiopentone. To facilitate laryngoscopy and intubation, vecuronium bromide 0.1 mg/kg was administered intravenously. Later, laryngoscopy using Macintosh blade size 3 or 4 and intubation using endotracheal tubes (size 7.0-8.5) were performed by an experienced anesthesiologist. After tracheal intubation, the lungs were mechanically ventilated to maintain endtidal carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) tension between 30 and 35 mmHg. anesthesia was maintained with a 50% nitrous oxide in oxygen and sevoflurane to titrate bispectral index score 40-60. An intermittent vecuronium bromide 1 mg was administered when required. After completion of the surgery all the patients were transferred to the intensive care unit for postoperative management. Intravenous fluids were administered to maintain the diastolic pulmonary artery pressure of 14 mmHg. Ephedrine (3 mg) was administered if hypotension occurred. (Hypotension was defined as a decrease in the systolic arterial pressure <90 mmHg or a decrease of >30% from baseline values for >60 sec.).
Intravenous infusion of propofol was commenced in the intensive care unit at a rate of 1 mg/kg/h until the patients reached extubation criteria. They were extubated once they met the following criteria:
Awake and cooperative.
Core temperature greater than 36.5°C.
Blood draining through the chest drainage tube less than 100 mL/h.
Urine output >0.5 mL/kg/h.
Partial pressure of arterial oxygen ≥70 mmHg at an inspired oxygen fraction <0.5.
Partial pressure of arterial CO 2 <50 mmHg and a spontaneous respiratory rate 20 or less at a pressure support ventilation of 10 cm H 2 O.
No life-threatening arrhythmias.
Stable hemodynamics.
No evidence of new myocardial ischemia.
No attempt was made to pharmacologically reverse any residual neuromuscular blockade. Time to extubation was recorded in each patient. Postoperatively fentanyl 0.5 mcg/kg was given whenever visual analog scale (VAS) was 4 or more (0 representing no pain and 10 the worst imaginable pain). From the first postoperative day onward all of the patients received the following medications routinely: Enoxaparin 40 mg/day subcutaneously, clopidogrel 75 mg/day, aspirin 75 mg/day, to inhibit platelet aggregation, and 20 mg/day pantoprazole for gastric protection.
The primary outcome measures were hemodynamic response to intubation and fentanyl consumption during surgery and 0-24 h after operation. Secondary outcome measures were postoperative pain score and sedation score and side-effects of nausea and vomiting and dizziness.
Assessment of outcomes
Preoperative variables were noted to describe the population under study, co-morbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and history of myocardial infarction were noted. Other variables such as ejection fraction, presence of regional wall motion abnormalities, number of vessels diseased, and preoperative medication (beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, and diuretics) were also recorded.
Outcome measures for the study were assessed by a research or acute pain service nurse who was blinded to patient group assignments. The patients were asked to quantify their pain on a VAS between 0 and 10.
Sedation scores was measured on a numerical score of 1-6 (Ramsay sedation scale, 1: Patient is anxious and agitated or restless, or both, 2: Patient is co-operative, oriented, and tranquil, 3: Patient responds to commands only, 4: Patient exhibits brisk response to light glabellar tap or loud auditory stimulus, 5: Patient exhibits a sluggish response to light glabellar tap or loud auditory stimulus, 6: Patient exhibits no response).
Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure were recorded after arrival to operation theatre (baseline), 3 min after administration of induction, and 1, 3, and 5 min after the intubation.
The sedation scores were recorded after arrival at the operation theatre (baseline) and 6, 12, and 24 h after shifting to the intensive care unit. VAS scores were recorded 6, 12, and 24 h after shifting to the intensive care unit.
The dose of fentanyl requirements during surgery and 24 h postoperatively were recorded. The duration of ventilation and intensive care unit stay, respiratory depression (respiratory rate <8 breaths/min), and nausea and vomiting, drowsiness, and headache was also recorded.
Pre hoc power calculation suggested that a minimum of 25 patients per group would detect a 15% difference in hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation and perioperative fentanyl requirement between groups after intubation (α =0.05, β=0.2). To take care of any dropouts, we enrolled 30 patients in each group. All data were presented as mean±standard deviation. All data were analyzed by Student's t test (independent samples t test) and Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test wherever applicable. Nonparametric tests (Wilcoxon signed rank tests (2 tailed)) were used whenever the mean value was less than two times the standard deviation. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The package SPSS 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used for statistical analysis.
The demographic data were comparable between the two groups as shown in [Table 1]. The distributions of risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and history of myocardial infarction in the two groups were statistically insignificant [Table 1]. The distribution of antihypertensive drugs (beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and diuretics) between the two groups are shown in [Table 2]. The number of patients with regional wall motion abnormality, the mean ejection fraction, and the number of diseased coronary vessels between the two groups was insignificant [Table 2].
Table 1: Patient characteristics and preoperative variables
Table 2: Preoperative variables
The baseline hemodynamic parameters between the two groups were similar (no significance, P>0.05) and clinically no difference was observed. The increase in heart rate 1 min after intubation was significantly higher in the control group in comparison with the pregabalin group. The heart rate changes at other time periods between two groups were insignificant. The mean systolic arterial pressure measured during different time periods between the two groups was significantly lower in the pregabalin group except the baseline systolic arterial pressure. The mean diastolic arterial pressure measured during different time periods between the two groups was significantly lower in pregabalin group except the baseline diastolic arterial pressure [Table 3].
Table 3: Hemodynamic data
A significant change of the mean arterial pressure was noticed between the two groups. It was higher in the control group except the baseline mean arterial pressure, which was similar in both the groups [Table 3]. The mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure measured at 1, 3, and 5 min after intubation showed significantly higher values in the control group compared with the pregabalin group. The baseline and post-induction measurements were similar in both the groups [Table 3]. The mean duration of intubation (s) between groups showed no statistical significance [Table 4]. The mean duration of surgery, ventilation, intensive care unit stay, and the number of vessels grafted were similar in both the groups [Table 4].
Table 4: Perioperative variables
There were no significant differences in the consumption of fentanyl between the two groups during surgery and 0-24 h after surgery in the intensive care unit [Table 5]. There were also no significant differences in the VAS between the groups at any time point. There was no significant difference between the groups in the VAS measured at 6, 12, and 24 h after surgery. Ramsay sedation scores measured after arrival to operation theatre (baseline), 6, 12, and 24 h after surgery were also similar between the groups [Table 6]. Although the incidence of nausea was high in the control group, the difference was statistically not significant. No patient in our study group developed vomiting or dizziness during the study period.
Table 5: Fentanyl required during study
Table 6: Visual analog and Ramsay sedation scores
This study demonstrated that a single oral dose of 150 mg pregabalin administered 1 h before surgery attenuated the pressor response to tracheal intubation in adults but the drug did not show any effect on intraoperative and postoperative opioid consumption or postoperative pain relief. The elevation of the pulse rate and blood pressure may be transient, variable, and unpredictable. Usually these changes are well tolerated by healthy individuals. However, such changes may be deleterious in patients with severe hypertension, coronary artery disease, or intracranial hypertension. A variety of drugs have been used to control this hemodynamic response; they are vasodilators, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, alpha-2 agonists, and opioids. [20],[21],[22]
Although many studies proved the efficacy of gabapentin to attenuate intubation response, only one study showed the efficacy of pregabalin to suppress intubation response. [19] The author's result correlates well with the report of Eren et al. [19] They determined the effect of a single dose of pregabalin 150 mg, administered 1 h prior to surgery on reducing the cardiovascular response and stated that 150 mg of pregabalin had significantly decreased the mean arterial pressure and heart rate response to tracheal intubation of the patients undergoing lumbar discal hernia repair under general anesthesia. The mechanism by which pregabalin attenuates the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation remains unknown.
Pregabalin inhibits membrane voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channels; it is possible that it may act in a manner similar to calcium channel blockers in controlling the hemodynamic response. Memis and co-workers reported that the inhibitions of Ca 2+ efflux from muscle cells with a consequent inhibition of smooth muscle relaxation might explain the effectiveness of gabapentinoids in the relaxation of laryngoscopy. [17]
Ali et al., demonstrated that administration of gabapentinoids did not affect basal plasma catecholamine (epinephrine and norepinephrine) concentrations before intubation, failed to attenuate the catecholamine response to intubation and conversely, enhanced the increase of plasma norepinephrine concentration. [18] The results of this study also showed that despite higher plasma concentration of norepinephrine in patients receiving gabapentin than in the control group after intubation, the increase in mean arterial pressure and heart rate was lower in the gabapentin group during the study period. The cardiovascular response to catecholamines may be attenuated by gabapentinoids without affecting their secretion. The important determinant of the level of arterial pressure to tracheal intubation may be reactivity to norepinephrine and not the plasma concentration. [23] One of the drawbacks of our study was that the plasma concentration of stress mediators was not measured.
In this study systolic arterial pressure, diastolic arterial pressure, mean arterial pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and heart rate baseline values did not differ significantly between the controls and the patients pretreated with pregabalin. The analgesic and opioid-sparing effect of pregabalin given as premedication appears to be limited. The use of pregabalin in acute postoperative pain management has been evaluated in recent studies. These studies sought to determine whether perioperative pregabalin was effective in reducing postoperative pain and whether it had opioid-sparing effects. However, differences in the pregabalin dosages and types of surgery have yielded contrasting results. A study investigating pain relief after dental extraction showed that 400 mg pregabalin administered after operation was more effective than ibuprofen in attenuating acute post-procedural pain. [24]
Reuben and colleagues observed that in patients undergoing lumbar laminectomy, pregabalin 150 mg before and after surgery was as effective as celecoxib in reducing postoperative pain and patient-controlled morphine consumption, and the combination of both drugs was the most effective. [25] In another clinical trial, Jokela and colleagues observed that perioperative administration of pregabalin 300 mg before and after laparoscopic hysterectomy decreases oxycodone consumption, but is associated with an increased incidence of adverse effects. [26] Based on the existing data, a more pronounced analgesic and opioid-sparing effect of pregabalin was anticipated but not seen in the present study.
In contrast to these trials, the authors did not find any analgesic effect. The possible explanations are as follows. The dose of pregabalin administered may have been sub-therapeutic. Hill et al., [24] found no difference between pregabalin 50 mg and placebo, but a statistically significant reduction in pain and pain intensity at a dose of 300 mg. Reuben et al., evaluated the comparative analgesic efficacy of pregabalin 150 mg and celecoxib 200 mg when administered both before and after spinal fusion surgery. Analogous to celecoxib, pregabalin reduced postoperative opioid usage compared with a placebo. However, neither drug was found to reduce opioid-related side-effects in the postoperative period. [25] We chose to study a dose of 150 mg because the recommended starting dose is 150 mg/day and because dizziness and somnolence, the most common side-effects, generally begin shortly after initiation of dosing. We particularly wished to avoid these side-effects. It appears that administration of a larger dose, which might further increase the incidence or severity of side-effects, would not be appropriate in this particular surgical population. This could be tested in future research.
Besides being analgesic, pregabalin has anxiolytic properties. In fact, in the present study the level of sedation was similar after premedication with placebo or pregabalin 150 mg. The missing effect on anxiety may be caused by the administration of the drug on one single day. Dizziness and somnolence are the most common side-effects of long-term pregabalin use during the treatment of chronic pain. However, somnolence and dizziness with pregabalin were not reported in a majority of the postoperative pain studies in which pregabalin was only used preoperatively. Similarly, in the present study, sedation scores were similar in both the groups. No patient in this study developed pruritus.
The present study showed that patients in the pregabalin group experienced less nausea than the patients in the placebo group, although it is statistically not significant. The low incidence of postoperative nausea after the 150 mg dose of pregabalin may be related to the opioid-sparing effect. In a previous study with pregabalin, vomiting was one of the most frequently reported side-effects, [24] whereas in another the incidence of nausea was lower after the perioperative administration of celecoxib and pregabalin. [25] The mechanism of pregabalin in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting is unknown but it could possibly be due to the indirect effect of opioid-sparing or a direct effect on tachykinin activity. A similar drug, gabapentin, has been shown to be useful in reducing chemotherapy-induced nausea in an open-label preliminary study. [27] Mitigation of tachykinin neurotransmitter activity by gabapentin has been a postulated mechanism. To demonstrate the difference in the incidences of postoperative nausea and vomiting, a substantially larger sample size is required.
Stress mediators such as endogenous plasma catecholamines or cortisone were not measured.
Evaluation of the dose response or the effect of continuation of therapy was not done.
Fentanyl was not continuously infused during surgery and postoperatively.
Dynamic component of mechanical hyperalgesia (pain during mobilization) was not assessed.
Pregabalin administered as a single oral dose an hour prior to OPCAB produces the following effects:
Suppresses reflex tachycardia and hypertension related to laryngoscopy and intubation of trachea in patients coming for elective OPCAB grafting.
The analgesic and opioid-sparing effect of pregabalin given as premedication was not apparent.
Does not produce dizziness and visual disturbance (including blurred vision and diplopia).
1. Kissin I. Preemptive analgesia. Anesthesiology 2000;93:1138-43.
2. Woolf CJ, Wall PD. Morphine-sensitive and morphine-insensitive actions of C-fibre input on the rat spinal cord. Neurosci Lett 1986;64:221-5.
3. Frampton JE, Scott LJ. Pregabalin: In the treatment of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Drugs 2004;64:2813-20; discussion 2821.
4. Woolf C, Chong MS. Preemptive analgesia-treating postoperative pain by preventing the establishment of central sensitization. Anesth Analg 1993;77:362-79.
5. Wilder-Smith OH. Pre-emptive analgesia and surgical pain. Prog Brain Res 2000;129:505-24.
6. Wilder-Smith OH. [Pre-emptive analgesia]. Anaesthesist 1995;44 Suppl 3: S529-34.
7. Fink K, Dooley DJ, Meder WP, Suman-Chauhan N, Duffy S, Clusmann H, et al. Inhibition of neuronal Ca(2+) influx by gabapentin and pregabalin in the human neocortex. Neuropharmacology 2002;42:229-36.
8. Ben-Menachem E. Pregabalin pharmacology and its relevance to clinical practice. Epilepsia 2004;45 Suppl 6:13-8.
9. Frampton JE, Foster RH. Pregabalin: In the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia. Drugs 2005;65:111-8; discussion 119-20.
10. Ho KY, Gan TJ, Habib AS. Gabapentin and postoperative pain-a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Pain 2006;126:91-101.
11. Ménigaux C, Adam F, Guignard B, Sessler DI, Chauvin M. Preoperative gabapentin decreases anxiety and improves early functional recovery from knee surgery. Anesth Analg 2005;100:1394-9.
12. Pandey C, Priye S, Ambesh S, Singh S, Singh U, Singh P. Prophylactic gabapentin for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Postgrad Med 2006;52:97-100.
13. Shneker BF, McAuley JW. Pregabalin: A new neuromodulator with broad therapeutic indications. Ann Pharmacother 2005;39:2029-37.
14. Kavoussi R. Pregabalin: From molecule to medicine. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2006;16 Suppl 2:128-133.
15. Kaya FN, Yavascaoglu B, Baykara M, Altun GT, Gülhan N, Ata F. Effect of oral gabapentin on the intraocular pressure and hemodynamic responses induced by tracheal intubation. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2008;52:1076-80.
16. Fassoulaki A, Melemeni A, Paraskeva A, Petropoulos GGabapentin attenuates the pressor response to direct laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. Br J Anaesth 2006;96:769-73.
17. Memis D, Turan A, Karamanlioglu B, Seker S, Ture M. Gabapentin reduces cardiovascular responses to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2006;23:686-90.
18. Ali AR, El Gohary M, H. Salah El-din A, El-Kerdawy HM, Essa HH. Efficacy of Preoperative Oral Gabapentin in Attenuation of Neuro-Endocrine Response to Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation. J Med Sci 2009;9:24-9 .
19. Eren G, Kozanhan B, Hergunsel O. Pregabalin Blunts Cardiovascular Responses To Laryngoscopy And Tracheal Intubation. J Anesthesiol Reanim 2009;7:82-7.
20. Kovac Al. Controlling the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. J Clin Anesth 1996;8:63-79.
21. Maguire AM, Kumar N, Parker Jl, Rowbotham DJ, Thompson JP. Comparison of effects of remifentanil and alfentanil on cardiovascular response to tracheal intubation in hypertensive patients. Br J Anaesth 2001;86:90-3.
22. Habib AS, Parker JL, Maguire AM, Rowbotham DJ, Thompson JP. Effects of remifentanil and alfentanil on the cardiovascular responses to induction of anaesthesia and tracheal intubation in the elderly. Br J Anaesth 2002;88:430-3.
23. Pillipp T, Distller A, Cordes D. Sympathetic nervous system and blood-pressure control in essential hypertension. Lancet 1978;2:959-63.
24. Hill CM, Balkenohl M, Thomas DW, Walker R, Mathé H, Murray G. Pregabalin in patients with postoperative dental pain. Eur J Pain 2001;5:119-24.
25. Reuben SS, Buvanendran A, Kroin JS, Raghunathan K. The analgesic efficacy of celecoxib, pregabalin, and their combination for spinal fusion surgery. Anesth Analg 2006;103:1271-7.
26. Jokela R, Ahonen J, Tallgren M, Haanpaa M, Korttila K. A randomized controlled trial of perioperative administration of pregabalin for pain after laparoscopic hysterectomy. Pain 2008;134:106-12.
27. Guttuso T Jr, Roscoe J, Griggs J. Effect of gabapentin on nausea induced by chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer. Lancet 2003;17:1703-5.
Ranjith Karthekeyan
Department of Cardiac Anaesthesiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, No. 1, Ramachandra Nagar, Porur, Chennai 116
1 Efficacy of Pregabalin in Acute Postoperative Pain Under Different Surgical Categories
David M.H. Lam,Siu-Wai Choi,Stanley S.C. Wong,Michael G. Irwin,Chi-Wai Cheung
Medicine. 2015; 94(46): e1944
2 Adição de 75mg de pregabalina ao regime analgésico reduz escores de dor e consumo de opiáceos em adultos após nefrolitotomia percutânea
Harun Aydogan,Ahmet Kucuk,Hasan Husnu Yuce,Mahmut Alp Karahan,Halil Ciftci,Mehmet Gulum,Nurten Aksoy,Saban Yalcin
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology. 2014;
3 Impact of pregabalin on acute and persistent postoperative pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis
B. M. Mishriky,N. H. Waldron,A. S. Habib
British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2014;
4 La adición de 75mg de pregabalina al régimen analgésico reduce puntuaciones de dolor y consumo de opiáceos en adultos después de la nefrolitotomía percutánea
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology (Edicion en Espanol). 2014; 64(5): 335
5 Adding 75mg pregabalin to analgesic regimen reduces pain scores and opioid consumption in adults following percutaneous nephrolithotomy
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology (English Edition). 2013;


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text:
package ment;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;

public class BrowserInvocation {

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		//System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver", "C://drivers/geckodriver.exe");
		//WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();

		System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C://drivers/chromedriver.exe");
		WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

		driver.get("http://www.onet.pl");
		System.out.println(driver.getTitle());
		System.out.println(driver.getPageSource());
		System.out.println(driver.getCurrentUrl());
		driver.close();

	}

}


this song is perfect for a shojo anime opening theme.
Wasn't sure before, but after hearing the full song I totally love it.
The sparkly intro is awesome and the trumpets and instrumentals are really cool.
The melody and their singing really sounds jpop.
hmm still not really liking the whole songs.
Thanks for sharing. I'll watch it when I have time.
The song does have a very J-Pop sound, but as someone who grew up listening to J-Pop, I'm liking what I'm hearing! I think this will be another big hit! I can't wait to hear an HQ version and I've even more excited to see an MV if there is one!!
very catchy song~~ love it~!!
owh... It kinda great if this become ost for anime~!!
omo~~ cant wait for the mv!!! KARA JJANG!!
This song is the bomb.. hopefully they would be able to comeback with this song... I have a hunch that its gonna be the next hit..
Does anyone have the origional version to this song?
Jet Coaster Love is actually what got me interested in Kara, and to know them in the first place. I was looking for a song that would have theme or line related to roller coasters, and this is what I found.


text:
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INVESTMENT BANKING AGREEMENTS IN US CASELAW
Lucas Fulanete Gonçalves Bento
Consulta Jurídica Elaborada a Pedido de Escritório de Advocacia de Tel Aviv - Israel
Question of Research and Definition of Scope
The questions presented was framed around the three following points:
Which ones the industry praxis are for compensation under investment banking engagement letters in US.
Weather, under business relevant state and federal courts in US, during the investment banking engagement letter service duration (term), any and all deals made upon the object of the service will yield payment to the engaged bank.
And weather, in case of payment for transactions that the bank played no role but was engaged onto the object, require the courts as mandatory to define these conditions for payment in expressive terms in the Agreement.
The specific economic transaction target is agreements in where a company engage an investment bank in order to, in use of its know-how and market network, prepare the company or environment necessary, as well as introduce relevant parts, to pursue a selling of a block of stock shares, including control or totality of shares; purchase of block stock shares, including control or totality of block shares; acquisition of stock shares in retail stock & exchange market in order to build a relevant block of stock shares; obtain investors in debt bond issuing transactions; obtain loan for specific business needs; and obtain investors for project finance transactions.
Data Base and Results Analyzed
As for acquiring data to address the questions above, we have used Find Law for Legal Professionals Cases & Codes, and Corporate Counsel - Contracts data bases. Thomson Reuters' FindLaw for Legal Professionals is one of the first and most popular online source for legal content, including the largest US data base available online on legal documents, as well caselaw from state and federal courts, and statutes from nearly all the 50 states, with a quite well structured search engine.
Searching for the terms "engagement letter" and "investment banking" in the Corporate Counsel - Contracts data base, it was provided 2922 results, from which we selected 7 after excluding all non-related to the business transaction in our scope.
When exploring caselaw data base, we narrowed our search to the courts related the states of New York (28 results), Delaware (23 results) and California (38 results). After reading the files of the results, only 3 cases, from the United States District Court for Southern District New York, the Supreme Court of New York and the United States Court of Appeal 2nd Circuit[1] respectively, showed relevant as to the scope, as either in a parallel point, the questions above.
Relevant Content of Conclusions
Industry Praxis
As from the categories of compensation provided in the contracts, we have identified 4 categories, as well as 2 related clauses to our research questions. The categories are:
Retainer fee: compensation due upon the signing of the engagement letter or in specific dates provided in it. Such provision is usually linked to compensation of services of best efforts in preparation of a desired transaction, but not linked to its occurrence. Sometimes, the such fees are deductible of a provided transaction fee, when the transaction turns out successful.
Transaction fee: compensation due to the closing of a pursued transaction under the scope of the engagement letter. Usually provided as a percentage of the total consideration involved in the contract resulting of the transaction.
Issuance of Warrant/Purchase option: an alternative used for both, retainer fee and transaction fee, upon which instead of a higher cash layout, the engaged bank is related to risk of the transaction pursued as its payment are upon the value of a determined call option or vesting of a block of stock interest in the object of the engagement.
Reimbursement of Expenses: a provision for the compensation of costs of the engaged bank in specifically layouts made pursuant the engagement.
Analyzing the rational of the contracts, as well as some fact backgrounds provided in the caselaw files bellow mentioned, it was possible to affirm that higher retainer fees and reimbursement of costs are usual in cases where great part of the service engaged by the bank is to prepare the company for the transaction (for instance, IPOs, price building, financial organization for pension funds investment, venture capital, financing for loans). As well as, transaction fees and issuance of warrants are usual in cases where the finding of investor and closing the deal are the keystones of the engagement.
More on the analysis of the contracts, we could identify two types of clauses that seemed closely relevant for the questions above, as well as mentioned in the reasoning of the cases bellow referred. Those are:
Tail Period: the definition of a period after the end of force of the engagement letter, during which transactions related to object of engagement, as well as with the parts introduced by the engaged bank, shall yield payment of the transaction fee or trigger the vesting of determined parts of warrants issued.
Exclusivity: the definition that the services provided as scope of the engagement shall not be pursued by the contractor with any other bank, as so making the engagement in the pursing the desired transaction, and potentially gain of a provided transaction fee, in the engagement letter shall be exclusively hold by the engaged bank.
Court Analysis and Parameters of decision
According to the cases analyzed from the courts, any fee due to the signing of the contract, when not provided its link to the success of any transaction, is due, even if the purpose of engagement is not successful.[2]
Upon the possibility of due payment to the Investment Bank for transactions during its period of term as peer as the engagement letter, no matter if it played or not a role in the transaction, it is recognized by the courts as a valid assumption.[3] However, such possibility shall be provided in the contract as intended by the parts, or at least have in the contract enough ambiguous provision that admits the use of external evidence to clarify which were the intentions of the parts in contracting.[4]
In summary, as general principles of interpretation of the contract, the courts inform that no external evidence, besides the strict provisions of the contract, shall be considered to create or deny any obligation of the parts.[5] As such, the non-reference of such payment of compensation for any and all transaction with the object of engagement shall not yield payment due to the engaged bank. On the other hand, when the provision of such payment shall be provided, any and all transaction would yield payment due to the engaged bank. [6]
Analyzing an ambiguous provision in the contract, only because the ambiguity, the court admitted the use of external evidence to proof the intention of the parts by the moment of drafting the provision, from which the interpretation in both alleged ways were possible just upon merely reading.[7]
[1] Is one of the thirteen United States Courts of Appeals. Its territory comprises the states of Connecticut, New York, and Vermont.
[2]"[…] the Engagement Letter required Hollander to deliver the warrants to OGSI "shortly after the execution of the Engagement Letter." As a result of his failure to do so, the district court concluded that Hollander "unequivocally" breached the Engagement Letter." (see OSCAR GRUSS SON INC v. HOLLANDER [2003])
[3] "[…]can be reasonably read as requiring a fee even when defendant played no active role in the transaction and this interpretation (which is a reasonable but not a mandated interpretation of section two) finds some further support in a later section providing for a fee up to 24 months after termination of the agreement 1". (see CV HOLDINGS, LLC v. ARTISAN ADVISORS, LLC [2004]); "[…]the mere fact that CIBC did not locate or identify the Series-B Investors is wholly irrelevant to whether Techtrader is obliged to pay a transaction fee to CIBC." (see CIBC World Markets Corp. v. TechTrader [2001]).
[4] "When the terms of a written contract are ambiguous, however, a court may turn to evidence outside the four corners of the document to ascertain the intent of the parties. Scholastic, Inc. v. Harris, 259 F.3d 73, 82 (2d Cir.2001); Curry Rd. Ltd. v. K Mart Corp., 893 F.2d 509, 511 (2d Cir.1990). If contractual terms have a definite and precise meaning and are not reasonably susceptible to differing interpretations, they are not ambiguous. Seiden Assocs. v. ANC Holdings, Inc., 959 F.2d 425, 428 (2d Cir.1992)." (see CIBC World Markets Corp. v. TechTrader [2001]).
[5] "A contract will not be interpreted as creating an exclusive right to sell unless it "clearly and expressly provided that a commission was due upon sale by the owner or excluded the owner from independently negotiating a sale" (id. at 916, 502 N.Y.S.2d 835)." (see CV HOLDINGS, LLC v. ARTISAN ADVISORS, LLC [2004])
[6] "The Series-B Investment involved a significant transfer of securities and a change in control of Techtrader, so it was within the contractual definition of a "Transaction" for which a fee is due under either party's reading of the Agreement" (see CIBC World Markets Corp. v. TechTrader [2001]).
[7] "Our reading of the agreement reveals ambiguity regarding the disputed issue of whether a fee is due when defendant had no involvement in the transaction. Having found an ambiguity, consideration of evidence outside the contract is appropriate." (see CV HOLDINGS, LLC v. ARTISAN ADVISORS, LLC [2004]).
Advogado e treinador titular-responsável pelo Núcleo de Arbitragem e Mediação da FDRP-USP, formado em Direito pela Universidade de São Paulo, com período sanduíche na Universidade de Illinois em Urbana-Champaign, mediante Bolsa de Estudos de Mérito Acadêmico- USP. Concluiu o programa Análise Econômica do Direito Societário e Contratos Comerciais do Instituto Coase-Sandor de Direito e Economia da Universidade de Chicago e desenvolveu seus estudos de pós-graduação, nível mestrado, em Direito Comercial na Universidade de São Paulo. Atualmente é Pesquisador e Doutorando na Universidade de Hamburgo com financiamento Albrecht Mendelssohn Bartholdy Graduate School of Law e vinculado à cadeira de Law & Economics do Institut für Recht und Ökonomik.
Atuo com Consultivo e Contencioso Estratégico de Direito Societário, Mercado de Capitais e Contratos Comerciais, incluindo processos administrativos e sancionadores CVM.
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Mike Mitchell could perhaps transition to linebacker late in his career.
With the Philadelphia Eagles releasing Mychal Kendricks and losing Paul Worrilow to a torn ACL on Tuesday, they could use some added help at linebacker.
• Dannell Ellerbe: Ellerbe earned a Super Bowl ring with the Eagles as a late-season rental after an assortment of linebackers didn't work out. As we noted during our "stay or go" series, he was unlikely to be back in 2018, though the team could keep him on speed dial during the season just in case.
With Nigel Bradham and Kendricks manning the nickel linebacker roles, Ellerbe made sense for the Eagles a year ago as a run-stopping MIKE linebacker in the base defense who didn't have to play many snaps.
With Kendricks gone this year instead of MIKE linebacker Jordan Hicks, the Eagles' need for a player like Ellerbe isn't quite the same as it was a year ago. My sense is that the Eagles would prefer to add a linebacker who is more geared toward coverage than stopping the run, though Ellerbe does have the advantage of knowing the scheme, and potentially serving as some kind of insurance if Hicks went down again.
• Keenan Robinson: Robinson played the first four years of his career in Washington, then signed with the Giants in 2016. He played in 16 games, starting 6, and was competent in coverage while serving as a nickel linebacker. He had 7 pass breakups that season, in addition to 82 total tackles on 780 defensive snaps. In 2017, he dealt with a concussion during training camp and had his season cut short in November after suffering a quadriceps injury.
At 6'3, 245, Robinson has good size, and could be a good fit both as a backup to Hicks in the middle of the defense, and as a player capable of playing in nickel on obvious passing downs.
• Mike Mitchell: In the similar way that Jim Schwartz likes his safeties to have cornerback experience in their backgrounds, He has also shown interest in undersized linebackers who were formerly safeties. For example, Kamu Grugier-Hill and Nate Gerry both played safety in college.
This thinking is perhaps a little too out of the box, but with a need both for linebacker and safety, Mitchell could be a versatile reserve who could help at both positions.


Arnold Lobel's lovable characters from his classic children's books, Frog and Toad, come to life at Imagination Stage in a Tony Award-nominated musical, A Year with Frog and Toad, with books and lyrics by Willie Reale and music by Robert Reale.
The cast: L to R: Tracy Lynn Olivera, Jobari Parker-Namdar, Stephen Edwards Horst, Matt Dewberry, and Nova Y. Payton. Photo by Margot Schulman.
Two vastly different friends awaken from their hibernation and together they experience the seasons through adventures full of pure silliness and tons of heart. They are visited by multitudes of friends, the moles, the birds, a mouse, a turtle, a lizard, and a snail, which all join in on the ride.
The creative team behind this production did an incredible job of making the story feel genuine and real. Colin Hovde directs this stellar production, with dynamic choreography by Rachel Leigh Dolan.
The set and stage, designed by Andrew Choen, are gorgeous, with a playful pond and lily pad stage floor. The show imaginatively incorporated the use of shadow puppets and other great lighting effects, designed by Andrew Cissna.
Kendra Rai is the Costume Designer and her fantastic creations are beautiful, and quite clearly distinguishable for each of the animals portrayed, without hindering the actors' movement.
Three birds started off the show with the song "A Year with Frog and Toad". Their voices were beautiful.The excitement was contagious. And from that moment on the audience was hooked.
The birds were played by Matt Dewberry, Tracy Lynn Olivera, and Nova Y. Payton. These three performers magically manage to portray 15 different characters throughout the production. From birds to moles to frogs and more, the talent in this trio is incredible.
Playing up-beat Frog is Jobari Parker-Namdar. He sings, he dances, he charms. Parker-Namdar's Frog is 100% lovable with a gorgeous smile that radiates Frog's happy nature.
The more worrisome, but just as adorable, Toad is played by Stephen Edwards Horst. He frets and frowns and plays the awkward friend to Frog's easy-going ways. Horst and Parker-Namdar are a perfect pair and their devoted friendship is inspiring and joyful to watch.
This cast of five was truly flawless and each of the performers stood out at different times. A crowd song favorite is Snail's "The Letter," which gets reprised throughout the show. Snail takes on a mission to deliver Frog's letter to Toad and it is not a job that he takes lightly. His journey to "quickly" get Toad his letter is ridiculous fun played out through the whole show.
The birds sing goodbye to the forest and friends as they prepare to head south for the winter. (L-R:Nova Y. Payton, Matt Dewberry, and Tracy Lynn Olivera). Photo by Margot Schulman.
Every song was bursting with energy and perfectly sung. "Getta Load of Toad" was another extravaganza of silliness. Toad is shy and embarrassed about the way he looks in his bathing suit so, naturally, everyone happens by to catch a glimpse.
From top to tail, A Year with Toad and Frog is non-stop excitement and laughter. Performed perfectly, with an incredible production team behind them, A Year with Toad and Frog is a must-see, and this goes for all age groups. I saw the production with my three young boys, who had a blast, but I would happily go again with a group of my friends. So grab a buddy, hop over to Imagination Stage, and go escape the world to enter a place where the beauty of true friendship is celebrated. What a great holiday treat for the entire family.
A Year with Toad and Frog plays through January 10th, 2016 at Imagination Stage – 4908 Auburn Avenue in Bethesda, MD. For tickets, call the box office at 301-280-1660, or purchase them online.


Its cool that they bring out such large patches again, I just wish they would have done it many years earlier.
Reading the comments on the hive about this patch they are replacing the sound library with a new one, which will kill injection using .mix files, which the last iteration of gproxy uses.
Then again with third-party bnet servers we can always go back.
With this, and if Blizzard doesn't introduce more bugs, EotA will be great again. Then again last weekend we managed to play Storm twice and AI pathing was a bit... let's say they danced back and forth on some lanes, many times without nothing going on... but let's wait for the patch, and then let's wait again for a chance to play Storm and confirm it.


text:
Q: Python to Create Schema in Postgres Not showing up I have this super simple Python code to connect to Postgres and to create a schema. It shows no error but I don't see the schema being added in Postgres. I must be missing something that's apparent.
I am not even sure if this's connected to Postgres because when I gave it a wrong password, it still returned without errors. But when it keeps saying connection is in place when I do trial and error. Please help~ thanks!
import psycopg2

psycopg2.autocommit = True

def build_archive(db1):

    db1 = psycopg2.connect(database='postgres', user='operator', password='1234', host='localhost', port='2280')
    cursor = db1.cursor()
    sql = """CREATE SCHEMA app_tools AUTHORIZATION operator;"""
    cursor.execute(sql)

A: No where in your code do you actually call build_archive() so the code inside of it is never executed. You need to add a call to build_archive() below the function definition and then you will start seeing output.
For example:
import psycopg2

psycopg2.autocommit = True

def build_archive(db1):
    db1 = psycopg2.connect(database='postgres', user='operator',
           password='1234', host='localhost', port='2280')
    cursor = db1.cursor()
    sql = """CREATE SCHEMA app_tools AUTHORIZATION operator;"""
    cursor.execute(sql)

build_archive()  # Add this call to build_archive()

To learn more about how to use functions in Python read here.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This week has taken me on a journey I never wanted to take. For the first time, my mother does not know me. She has lost all connection to my face, my identity and my voice. For the past five years, Mom has been living with Alzheimer's and lives in a rest home nearby. Every day, my husband and I have visited her and taken her out for a ride or for tea. It has been a special ritual that helped her quality of life and provided sensory stimulation Likewise, it has given us the satisfaction of knowing she looked forward to our times together.
In December, she became 100 years old. Even then, she was able to walk without a cane and chat about the simple joys of nature, trees, sunshine, clouds and changing weather. I often joked that she is my best teacher on focusing and coming into the present moment.
July 2009 will long live in my memory. It is the beginning of an ending. It marks the beginning of an end of life as we knew it and an ending of a life as her only child, her daughter.
After returning from a few days' vacation, my husband and I were both shocked to find that my mom has "lost" any memory of us or the fact that we are married. She has forgotten entirely that we have been coming to see her daily for the past five years. She continues to ask me who I am, if I know where her daughter is and why her daughter never comes to visit.
I am familiar with the symptoms of Alzheimer's. I knew that this could happen one day, although one is never prepared for the emotional impact of becoming a total stranger to your own mother.
These changes are further evidence that the disease in now progressing full scale to take away even the smallest consolations we had as caregivers and that she had lviing with Alzheimer's.
Unless one has had an "up close and personal" encounter with a family member who has dementia, it is difficult to imagine the heartbreak it creates and the amount of emotional readjustment it demands from both caregiver and loved one.
I have been told that the best way to approach our visits now is to avoid making any reference to being her daughter. Unless she brings it up, I do not mention that I have been there to see her. In spite of the personal pain I am feeling, it is important to confront the reality and not walk away from her at a time when she is most vulnerable.
Consequently, I must now try to focus on the calmness and comfort I can bring to her. We have let go of titles and relationships. We are now just two pilgrims on this journey and our focus is on how to relate purely at the heart level. I am holding on to the moments of comfort in the midst of pain and suffering over a lifetime of lost memories.
Note from Mary: This is my personal story, but I hope it has a message for other families who are facing the progression of Alzheimer's and its impact on relationships.
Do you think it is better to not mention who you and not get her to exercise her brain and remember you?


McHale & Co. Solicitors :: Divorce - Who gets the dog?
It is now well accepted in modern day society that couples live together before marrying. This has created demand for pre-marital arrangements, especially where one party brings more to the dinner table than the other. Pre-nuptial agreements will deal with the situation where the couple gets married and divorce. Everyone seems to be well aware of their rights in relation to pre-nups which have gained media spotlight through footballers and other celebrities. Cohabitation agreements are becoming more popular. A cohabitation agreement is a form of legal agreement reached between a couple who have chosen to live together (whether they are heterosexual or homosexual). In some ways, such a couple may be treated like a married couple, such as when applying for a mortgage or working out child support.
Pre-nups and cohabitation agreements offer financial certainty. However what happens if a couple get a pet which becomes part of the family and then a relationship breakdown occurs?
The Blue Cross have addressed this situation by producing a 'pet-nup' – a legal document for couples who need to declare what will happen to their pet in the event of splitting up. The charity were concerned as research revealed that four pets are taken in every week by the animal charity due to relationship breakdowns, resulting in an extra 1,000 animals in their re-homing centres in the last five years alone.
McHale & Co have specialist lawyers who can assist with pre-nups, cohabitation agreements and now pet-nups. Pets do become part of the family and deciding who gets to keep them following a relationship breakdown can be extremely troublesome. Victoria Richardson comments "Pets, especially cats and dogs, are treated as members of the family and, very often, are the children of the family. Therefore if a relationship breaks down the arrangements for the pet can often cause more upset and distress than anything else.
I have seen parties, upon the breakdown of their relationship, make an arrangement regarding their pet that are not dissimilar to contact arrangements for the children so that both parties get to spend time with the pet. Alternatively, I have also seen parties who are quite happy for the other party to have the ownership of the pet – and everything that comes with it! What this does show, however, is that whether you agree with them or not a 'pet-nup', like 'pre-nups' offers clarity regarding the arrangements for the pet so that in the event of a breakdown of the relationship there is less animosity".


Stunning luxury villa in the unspoilt area of idyllic Sotogrande. An amazing architect-designed property that combines classic Andalusian style with an overarching sense of contemporary comfort and incorporates all the latest home technologies. Panoramic views offer sea vistas over the estate. A 1.385sqm villa constructed on three levels, which consists of 9 bedrooms, a spacious living room, dinning room and personal library with large glass doors opening onto undercover terrace, and a 4 car garage. The kitchen design is subject to final detailing bespoke to client's wishes.
An exclusive resort frequented since the 1960's by distinguished Spaniards. The Puerto has over recent years increasingly appealed to foreign investors and holidaymakers seeking a place somewhat quieter resort. Apart from the incredible golf courses onsite, the area also boasts the Costa del Sol's most attractive equestrian center, and an international school with a great reputation. The resort is more family-friendly than some other areas on the coast, with a number of activities such as kayaking and other water sports available and that can be practiced.


What was served in the party?
Jared nodded with a smile.
Radek was such a cute kid.
How did this happen to you?
I didn't give it to Tharen.
Rahul can't take it any longer.
Where's the nearest travel agency?
Greg goes swimming every day.
You don't even know where Ramneek is.
In China, they celebrate New Year by the lunar calendar.
Betsy is a very sincere person.
She was invited to a party.
Let's cook and eat the fish!
I'm so glad you liked it.
I'd like to know where you stand.
Is that all you wanted to tell me?
Mierscheid was a German politician.
That's exactly what I'd say.
She'd do anything for you.
I can tolerate cold weather but not hot weather.
Patrice went back to his writing.
Too much or too little of anything is never good; it's all about balance.
Mick has an older brother named John.
He works with me at the office.
Do you want me to confess to the murder?
Did you know that Cathryn has a son?
Earthquakes and floods are natural disasters.
We need something a bit more subtle.
Jerald had his fortune told.
Gunnar suffers from erectile dysfunction.
Moran put her purse on the kitchen table.
Rub two sticks together to get the fire started.
I have some checks for Vijay to sign.
I don't have time to make you a sandwich.
Giving Phillip a bicycle was a good idea.
When I opened the refrigerator, I noticed the meat had spoiled.
Dan found it hard to adjust to life in the monastery.
I can speak Chinese, but I can't read Chinese.
His paintings so impressed me that I was interested in him.
Ravi orchestrated all of this.
You were a warden in a prison for ten years.
Earle wanted Elijah to talk to John.
She was aching all over.
Please be careful not to overexert yourself.
Suwandi wouldn't let Liza do what she wanted to do.
Slow down, Raul! Where's the fire?
When did you get back home?
He was elected captain of the team.
He was famous during his long life and his work was very popular.
Have you spoken with Carlos?
I saw Avery and Jussi making out.
Kim is a crooked cop.
Brodie says that he's fed up with this hot weather.
Last night we worked until 10 p.m.
I will accomplish that no matter what the cost.
Emmett offered Claude a chair.
The stylists, in all their pompous, branded majesty, doubted that the girl who had just approached them was fixable: her clothes were greasy, tattered, and devoid of rhinestones and logos.
The carrots cost three dollars.
Will someone please tell me what to do?
The baby doesn't walk yet.
He's armed to the teeth.
Kenn is hard to please.
Svante couldn't afford a lawyer.
Vassos bought a small house on a quiet street.
They aren't going to help Hartmann.
You were not of great help to me today.
Mr Smith gave a lecture on literature.
Plastic grocery bags have been banned.
I think it's possible for people to live on the moon.
He has a new girlfriend already.
Hillary was hiding a secret from Evan.
The sound of trumpet will bode the end of the world.
She did so out of curiosity.
Generally speaking, children like to play outdoors.
We are looking into the cause of the accident.
Deborah didn't seem to be upset.
Are we going to have a problem with that?
Let me have a talk with them.
Micheal runs a 9 minute mile.
During this trip I met several interesting and very kind individuals.


text:
Q: Java Preferences using for remember user information I have jframe named LoginScreen for connect to DB. One textfield for username inputs, one password field for password inputs, one Login button and one checkbox for remember user name value. I want when user click Username Remember checkbox and attempt to login, when username and password is accepted from DB values must be stored in pref key. Let me share code;
public class LoginScreen extends javax.swing.JFrame {

    /**
     * Creates new form LoginScreen
     */
    public LoginScreen() {
        initComponents(); //initialize components
        if ( "null" == PREF_NAME){
        rememberCheckBox.setSelected(false);
        }
        else if ("null" != PREF_NAME){
        rememberCheckBox.setSelected(true);
        }

        if (true == rememberCheckBox.isSelected()){
        unameTextField.setText(PREF_NAME);
        }
        else if(false == rememberCheckBox.isSelected()){
        unameTextField.setText("your user name");
        }
    }

Preferences prefs = Preferences.userNodeForPackage(rememberexample.LoginScreen.class);
String PREF_NAME = "null";

private void loginButtonActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
        // TODO add your handling code here:

        try {
        Class.forName("com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver");
        String connectionUrl = "jdbc:sqlserver://192.168.100.100;" + "databaseName=ExampleDB;" + "user=" + unameTextField.getText() + ";" + "password=" + new String (jPasswordField1.getPassword()) + ";";
        Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(connectionUrl);
            if (true == rememberCheckBox.isSelected()){
            prefs.put(PREF_NAME, unameTextField.getText());
            System.out.println(PREF_NAME);
            }
            else if (false == rememberCheckBox.isSelected()){
            prefs.remove(PREF_NAME);
            System.out.println(PREF_NAME);
            }
        con.close();
        }
        catch (SQLException e) {
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "Wrong id or password!!");
        }
        catch (ClassNotFoundException cE) {
            System.out.println("Class Not Found Exception: "+ cE.toString());
        }
    }

public static void main(String args[]) {

java.awt.EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                new LoginScreen().setVisible(true);
            }
        });
    }

private javax.swing.JPasswordField jPasswordField1;
private javax.swing.JButton loginButton;
private javax.swing.JCheckBox rememberCheckBox;
private javax.swing.JTextField unameTextField;

But PREF_NAME always returns null. I have add one control to button action performed as you can see. System.out.println(PREF_NAME); returns null when button clicked. Any idea ?

A: you put:
 String PREF_NAME = "null";

then you are never changing its value (and you should not, see later..) and you are printing out:
 System.out.println(PREF_NAME);

==> obviously you get "null" as output

What you should do instead:
 final String PREF_NAME = "pref_name"; //define the name for your key

then later:
 prefs.put(PREF_NAME, unameTextField.getText()); //put something in your preference using your key
 System.out.println(prefs.get(PREF_NAME, "no value")); //output the preference *value* not the key

see the documentation


text:
Tweet @nicholaspwright
Manchester City's defeat to Tottenham raises questions of Pep Guardiola's team selection
Heung-Min Son scored the only goal as Tottenham claimed a Champions League edge over Manchester City
By Nick Wright | Twitter @nicholaspwright | Last Updated: 10/04/19 4:01pm
Heung-Min Son celebrates Tottenham's winning goal
Manchester City were beaten 1-0 by Spurs in a pulsating Champions League tie at the Tottenham Hotspur Stadium. Was Pep Guardiola guilty of overthinking his team selection again?
Sergio Aguero stood with his hands on his hips in front of the giant south stand. The Tottenham supporters behind the goal were still seething from the VAR decision to award Manchester City's penalty, but a few seconds later they were celebrating wildly. Aguero sent his spot-kick to Hugo Lloris' left but the Frenchman was equal to it.
It was a turning point which allowed Tottenham to go on and claim their victory, with Heung-Min Son scoring his second goal in as many games at their new stadium. For Manchester City, though, the inquest will focus not on Aguero's early penalty miss but on Pep Guardiola's team selection.
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The Catalan has a history of springing surprises in this competition. The problem is that they rarely seem to end well.
In the 2014 semi-finals, his Bayern Munich side were famously thrashed by Real Madrid when he used an unfamiliar 4-2-4 formation at the Allianz Arena. At Anfield last year, his decision to field four central midfielders backfired as Liverpool inflicted a similarly emphatic defeat.
Raheem Sterling battles for the ball with Kieran Trippier
Guardiola's side are still in a position to turn this particular tie around in the second leg. City have, after all, won nine of their last 12 home games by a margin of at least two goals. But their supporters are entitled to wonder whether their prospects would be brighter if Guardiola had not opted to switch things up again.
No De Bruyne or Sane
This time, the changes centred not on the system but on personnel. Bernardo Silva's absence could be explained by the muscle injury he had picked up in training, but the reasons for leaving Kevin De Bruyne and Leroy Sane on the bench were more difficult to understand.
De Bruyne had been showing signs of getting back to his best following his return from injury. There was a goal - his first since January - in the 2-0 win over Cardiff last week, and he followed that up with the assist for Gabriel Jesus' winner against Brighton in Saturday's FA Cup semi-final. He was even afforded a rest by his early substitution in that game.
Pep Guardiola insisted Manchester City controlled the game
Sane's omission was similarly curious. The German also scored in the win over Cardiff and seemed primed to start against Spurs having been an unused substitute against Brighton. But while Ilkay Gundogan was preferred to De Bruyne in midfield, Riyad Mahrez got the nod on City's right.
The former Leicester man did little to justify his inclusion. While Raheem Sterling tore into Kieran Trippier on the left, Mahrez was more tentative. He was pushed off the ball too easily and rarely threatened to beat his man. In fact, the statistics showed he only made one successful dribble to Sterling's five. Would Sane not have offered greater pace and penetration?
De Bruyne was missed, too. Guardiola said in his post-match press conference that he had opted for Gundogan and Fernandinho as they offered greater defensive solidity, but with David Silva struggling to get a grip on the game in the No 10 role - and despite City enjoying nearly 60 per cent of the possession - the visitors lacked creativity.
Aguero suffered due to the lack of service, touching the ball just 18 times in total, and it was the same story for his eventual replacement Jesus. City simply could not get the ball to them. Fernandinho, Silva and Gundogan completed 139 passes between them, according to Opta, but amazingly only four of them found Aguero and Jesus.
Riyad Mahrez struggled to make an impact for Manchester City
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Their passing lacked penetration and consequently they created just three scoring chances between them. For context, De Bruyne created twice that number in his last Premier League start alone.
Even more surprising than Guardiola's initial selection, though, was the decision not to throw on De Bruyne or Sane until the 89th minute. Son's goal had arrived 11 minutes earlier, when there was still time for City to salvage a draw, but instead the problems persisted. By the time the changes were made, hope was already running out.
Delph's difficult night
There was a big surprise at the other end of the pitch, too. Guardiola's options at left-back were admittedly depleted by Benjamin Mendy and Oleksander Zinchenko's injuries, but it was still strange to see him start a game of such magnitude with Fabian Delph in the position.
Fabian Delph's tackle on Harry Kane provoked an angry reaction
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The 29-year-old has impressed at times since being drafted into the role last season, but he had only started two games since December and those were against Burton and Swansea. At Tottenham's vociferous new arena, he looked uncomfortable and off-the-pace throughout.
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Indeed, it was his defensive lapse which allowed Son to dribble back into a shooting position in the build-up to the Tottenham goal.
The left-back's brief was not an attacking one, so would Guardiola have been better off moving Aymeric Laporte there and drafting one of John Stones or Vincent Kompany into central defence?
Questions to answer
It is just another question for Guardiola to answer. This defeat is not the disaster of last year's loss to Liverpool or Bayern Munich's 2014 thrashing by Real Madrid. In fact, it comes down to erring on the side of caution rather than being cavalier. But for Guardiola, missed penalty or not, it still puts another Champions League campaign in doubt.
It also underlines one of his few flaws as a manager. Guardiola has contested 26 Champions League knockout games away from home since the start of his top-level coaching career with Barcelona a decade ago, but has only won six of them, drawing 10 and losing 10. His coaching genius is indisputable, but it is a poor record.
City's quest for the quadruple could now rest on how he responds in next week's second leg at the Etihad Stadium. Will he revert to what he knows works? Or will the temptation to tinker take over again? Most Manchester City supporters will surely hope he opts for the former.
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