이 연구는 각 시대별 사회환경의 변화에 따라 교회가 어떠한 사회복지 활동을 펼쳐 왔는지를 체계적으로 정리하면서, 사회복지 활동이 교회 복음 선교에서 차지하는 자리를 그 시대의 특성과 한국 사회와의 관계 안에서 재확인하여, 교회가 앞으로 어떤 모습으로 선교와 복지를 해 나가야 하는지 알아보기 위한 목적이다.
한국 천주교 사회복지 역사를 초기 신앙정립기와 신앙의 자유 선택권 획득 이후, 일제시대, 해방이후, 한국 천주교 주교회의 인성회라고 불리는 한국 카리타스 설립 이후, 사회복지 전담기구인 한국 천주교 주교회의 사회복지위원회 설립 이후부터 현재에 이르기까지 6시기로 구분하고, 구분된 각 시기 별로 첫째 정치 사회 및 교회 사회복지적인 배경을 살펴보고, 둘째 분야별 천주교 사회복지사업을 살펴본 후, 셋째 사회복지 활동의 시대적 성격과 의의를 살펴본다.
그리고 천주교 사회복지를 "개인적으로 대처하기 어려운 욕구나 문제에 그리스도의 사랑의 정신으로 함께 참여하여 그 문제를 나누고 함께 풀어나가기 위한 교회의 가르침과 교회의 사목적 지침 그리고 그 가르침에 따른 교회 공동체의 직·간접적인 행위와 신자 개인이 신앙의 정신을 가지고 교회의 이름으로 또는 교회의 가르침과 지침을 실천하려는 다양한 노력"이라고 규정한다. 이를 교회적인 용어로 바꾸어 말한다면, "하느님 사랑에 응답하는 이웃사랑의 구체적인 형태의 활동"이라고 할 수 있겠다.
제1기 '초기교회 신앙정립과정의 활동기'(1777∼1886) 동안 교회는 사목자들의 가르침과 사목정책, 평신도의 활동을 통해 하느님 사랑의 표현이 이웃사랑, 그중에서도 가난한 이웃에게 대한 사랑이라는 것을 증거했다.
제2기 '종교자유획득과 수도회 결성이후의 활동기'(1886∼1910) 동안 교회는 천주교회 기초단위인 각 본당이 본당에 파견된 수도자들과 함께 지역사회 안에서 그 지역사회의 기초복지랄 수 있는 고아 수용과 영유아 보육, 노인 수용과 보육, 수용된 고아와 노인의 치료를 위한 시약소를 운영하며 사회복지 활동을 펼쳤다.
제3기 '일제식민시기의 활동기'(1910∼1945) 동안 교회는 한국을 효과적으로 통치하기 위해 교회의 사회에의 영향력을 통제하기 위한 일제식민정부의 의도에 따라 보육, 양로, 교육, 의료 분야의 사회복지 활동 분야에서 쫓겨났지만, 교회는 사회의 기본교육과 언론문화 복지를 통해 사회복지 활동을 펼쳤다. 그리고 이러한 일제의 박해로 인해 여성 수도자들이 본당의 전례보조와 예비자 교리 등의 기능적인 일로 축소 종사하게 됨과 동시에 다른 한편으로는 수도회가 본당과는 별도로 자체적인 사회복지 활동을 시작하게 되었다.
제4기 '해방후 활동기'(1945∼1975) 동안 교회는 미국 가톨릭 구제위원회를 비롯한 외원단체의 후원 아래 해방과 전후의 한국 민중들에게 사회복지 활동을 펼쳤다. 그러한 과정에서 '인보성체 수도회' 같은 사회복지 전문 수도회와 '빈첸시오 아 바울로회'와 같은 전문 사도직 단체가 설립되었다.
제5기 '인성회 조직 이후의 활동기'(1975∼1991) 동안 교회는 미국 가톨릭 구제위원회의 활동과 자산을 한국 천주교 주교회의 인성회로 이어받아 인간 개발과 사회복지를 실현했다. 그리고 본당 중심의 지역사회 복지가 교구나 수도회 차원의 전문 사회복지 활동으로 대체되고, 정부는 사회복지 시설의 운영을 천주교에 맡기기 시작했다. 또한 사회복지를 전담하는 사목자들이 생겨났다.
제6기 '한국 천주교 주교회의 사회복지위원회 조직 이후의 활동기'(1991∼) 동안 교회는 한국 천주교 주교회의 산하의 인성회를 사회복지위원회로 개칭하고 사회복지를 전담하도록 했다. 그래서 각 교구마다 사회복지회(국 또는 위원회)가 설립되고 교구 내의 사회복지 업무를 통합적으로 계획, 조정, 지원하도록 했다.
이상의 한국 천주교 사회복지 역사 연구에 따라 아래와 같이 제언한다.
첫째, 초기 교회사에서 보듯이, 교회의 복지 활동을 선교와의 별개로 삼지 말고 통합되고 체계적으로 조화된 사목을 해야 한다. 아울러 교회 사회 복지 활동의 근거와 방향을 이웃의 구원을 위한 자기 희생이라는 신앙적인 관점에서 찾도록 해야 한다.
둘째, 종교자유획득과 수도회 결성 이후의 시기에서 보듯이, 천주교회의 기초단위인 각 본당은 자기가 속해있는 지역의 영유아, 노인, 장애인 등의 기초적인 복지혜택이 필요한 이들에게 직접적으로 응해야 한다. 아울러 사회복지 시설이나 기관과 해당 지역의 본당이 깊은 유대와 구체적인 연결을 가지고 활동해야 한다.
셋째, 한국 교회 사회복지 역사 안에서 빈번하게 보듯이, 지역 교회 공동체의 사목자들이 바뀔 때마다 사목형태가 변하지 않도록 사목자는 교회 구성원인 사목의 협조자들과 평신도 지도자들 그리고 교우들 모두와 함께하는 사목을 펴나가야 하겠고, 또 평신도들도 사목자의 권유와 명령에 의해서만 움직이는 일회적이고도 육체적인 단순 노력봉사 차원의 것이 아니라, 스스로 능동적이고도 적극적으로 가난한 이들과 함께하고자 하는 열정에서 우러나와 지속적이고도 책임 있는 서비스를 제공해야 하겠다.
넷째, 일제시대처럼 전문성을 빌미로 사회복지활동에서 밀려나지 않도록 선교와 복지 활동을 하는데 있어서 전문성을 지녀야 하겠다. 그리고 교구 사회복지회나 관련 사목 담당 부서에서는 본당이나 수도회에서 처음 지역 사회복지를 시작하는 사목자와 수도자, 평신도 지도자를 위한 행정처리 안내와 체험에서 비롯된 실질적이고도 구체적인 가이드 라인을 미리 체계적으로 준비하여 제공해 주어야 하겠다. 그리고 사목자의 양성과정 안에 자발적으로 사회복지사 자격취득과정을 선택할 수 있도록 하면 좋겠다.
다섯째, 해외 원조를 받아 운영했던 사회복지 활동의 역사를 기억하여, 한국 교회도 외국의 가난한 나라의 사회복지 대상자들을 위한 원조도 하고, 국제 카리타스와의 연대와 유대 속에서 보다 나은 사회복지 활동을 해야하겠다.
여섯째, 교회 사회복지 활동의 역사 안에서 가톨릭의 정신과 방법을 잘 몰라 빚어졌던 불필요한 오해와 마찰을 피하고 천주교 정신에 따라 깊이 있는 천주교 사회복지 활동이 이루어지기 위해, 단지 사회법의 요구를 채우는데 그치지 말고 가톨릭의 정신과 방법론을 명확히 규명하고 교육하여 천주교의 정신이 적용되고 구현되도록 해야 하겠다. 그래서 "여기 있는 형제 중에 가장 보잘 것 없는 사람 하나에게 해 준 것이 바로 나에게 해 준 것이다"(마태 25,40)라는 기초 아래 클라이언트의 요구를 조물주의 호소와 동일하게 받아들이고, "어떤 형제나 자매가 헐벗고 그 날 먹을 양식조차 떨어졌는데 여러분 가운데 누가 그들의 몸에 필요한 것은 아무 것도 주지 않으면서 '평안히 가서 몸을 따뜻하게 녹이고 배부르게 먹어라.'고 말만 한다면 무슨 소용이 있겠습니까? 이 어리석은 사람이여, 행동이 따르지 않는 믿음은 아무 소용이 없다는 것을 알고 싶습니까?"(야고 2,15-16.20)라는 성서 말씀을 따라 구체적이고 직접적인 사회복지를 해야하겠다.
The Catholic University of Korea.
The purpose of this study is to seek how the Church should be in order to fulfill the mission and the welfare tomorrow through arranging what is the Social Welfare which the Church has done according to the change of social environment and through confirming the position that the Social Welfare has been on the evangelization of the Catholic Church in relation with the Korean society and the specific character of the ages.
The history of Catholic Social Welfare in Korea was divided into 6 periods : 1) the Early Church, 2) the period of Freedom of Religion, 3) the period of Japan's Colony, 4) the post Liberation period, 5) the period after establishing the Korea Caritas which is called the Human Development Committee of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of Korea and 6) the period from establishing the Social Welfare Committee of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of Korea to nowadays; and seeking first the background of the policy in the Society and the Church Social Welfare, secondly the various fields of the Catholic Church Social Welfare, thirdly the character and meaning of the Social Welfares of each period.
And it is the Social Welfare that "the various ways to realize the teachings and directives of the Church which are based on the love and thought of Christ for doing and sharing and fulfilling the needs and problems which are hard to respond individually" in this study. Saying this in Church words, it can be called "the concrete acting of the loving neighbor which is responding the God's love".
During the 1st period, 'the Early Church' (1777∼1886), the Catholic Church was persecuted. The loving God was through the teachings and pastoral policies of the pastor and the acting of the layman, especially for the poor.
The 2nd period, 'the period of Freedom of Religion' (1886∼1910), each of the parishes, the unit of the Catholic Church had done Social Welfares, the orphan asylum and the asylum for the aged and the pharmacy for needy patient, etc., with the Religious who were sent to the Parish in Communities located in the Parish territory.
The 3rd period, 'the period of Japan's Colony' (1910∼1945), even though the Catholic Church was dismissed from the Social Welfare that had cared for the orphan, the aged, the education, the medical, etc because the Japan's colonial government wanted to control easily the Korean society. The Church conducted basic courses of education of the society and the press, culture services. And by this reason, the women Religious Societies were restricted to assistant roles of the liturgy and the catechism. Otherwise, the Societies of Religious had started to do Social Welfare by themselves separately from the Parish.
The 4th period, 'the post Liberation' period (1945∼1975), the Catholic Church did Social Welfares under the sponsoring of the Catholic Relief Service(C.R.S.) of U.S. and other sponsors of foreign organizations after the Liberation and the World War Ⅱ. And there was established the professional Society of Religious, Congregation, Caritatis S.S. Sacramenti (C.B.S.S.) and the professional association of St. Vincent de Paul Society in the field of the Social Welfare.
The 5th period, 'the period after establishing the Korea Caritas which is called the Human Development Committee of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of Korea' (1975∼1991), the Catholic Church received the finances and acts from the C.R.S. to the Human Development Committee of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of Korea. And the community service which was done by the parish was changed to the professional service performed by the dioceses and the Societies of Religious. And the Government has started to entrust the management of organizations of the Social Welfare to the Church. And appearing the full-time director who is in charge of the Social Welfare.
The 6th period, 'the period from establishing the Social Welfare Committee of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of Korea to nowadays' (1991∼), the Church renamed the Human Development Committee of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of Korea to the Social Welfare Committee of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of Korea and put that Committee in charge of the Social Welfare. And so it was established the Caritas (committee) of each Dioceses to plan and control, support the Social Welfare.
First, as appearing in 'the Early Church', it should be not separated the mission and the welfare but integrated and harmonized systematically. And the principle and direction of the Church Social Welfare should be based on the point of view of faith that is the sacrifice for saving our neighbor.
Secondly, as appears in 'the period of Freedom of Religion', the parish, the unit of the Catholic Church should be to respond directly to the client, the infant, the aged, the handicapped etc who is needed basically in its area. And agencies and organizations of Social Welfare should keep relationship with the community parishes.
Thirdly, as appearing often in the history of Korean Church Social Welfare, changing the pastoral direction according to the change of the pastor should be avoided. And the pastor should plan with pastoral assistants and leaders, laymen. In other hand, laymen should be to act actively and positively and support continuously and responsibly not move passively by the pastor's suggestions and commands.
Fourth, not to repeat the dismissal from the field by reason of the lack of professionalism when in the time of Japanese Colony, to be professional is very required in the mission and the welfare. And it should be prepared the information and guide line of the related administrative process and content of the Social Welfare for the pastor and the religious and the layman who want to start.
Fifth, as remembering the history of Social Welfare which was sponsored by foreign Churches, the Korean Church should support the poor and the client of the foreign countries to promote solidarity and so to do more and better.
교회는 지상에서 하늘 나라로 향해 순례하는 하느님 백성들의 모임이다. 이들은 하느님이 인간을 지으시고 사랑하시고 구원해주시리라고 믿는다. 그래서 이들은 하느님이 다스리시는 하느님 나라에 들어가기를 희망한다. 그리고 한편 이들은 자신들이 하느님 나라에 들어가기 위해, 또 하느님 나라의 신비를 이 땅에서 미리 앞당겨 살기 위해 주 예수 그리스도의 생애를 기억한다. 이는 곧 하느님께서 인간을 구원하기 위해 그 외아들 예수를 세상에 보내시어 제물로 삼으실 정도로 인간을 사랑하신 그 사랑을 살고자 한다. 이 사랑은 바로 예수님께서 인간을 구원하기 위해 자신의 생명을 바치신 구원을 위한 희생이다. 그리고 그 희생은 죽음에 그치지 않고 부활하심으로써 인류의 주님이 되셨다. 그래서 예수님은 주님이시고 참으로 인간에게 기쁜 소식이다.
그러므로 교회는 부활하신 그리스도께서 "너희는 가서 이 세상 모든 사람들을 내 제자로 삼아 아버지와 아들과 성령의 이름으로 세례를 베풀고 내가 너희에게 명한 모든 것을 지키도록 가르쳐라"(마태 28,19-20遁)하신 말씀에 따라 온 세상에 복음을 전한다. 그런데 복음을 전하는 것이 곧 '신자가 되게 하는 일이다.'라고 한계 지어 말할 수는 없다. 교황 바오로 6세는 이미 '현대의 복음선교'에서 복음 선포한다는 것은 단지 '전교'(傳敎)에 그치지 않고, 그리스도를 모르는 이에게 그리스도를 알리고 신자로 만들 뿐 아니라 그들이 생활하는 삶의 현장에 구체적인 변혁과 역전이 전개되도록 하는 데까지 나아가야 한다고 밝혔다.(바오로 6세 : 17∼19항) 그러기에 이제는 더 이상 과거처럼 교회의 사목형태 중에 교리교육을 '직접 선교'로 사회복지 활동을 '간접 선교'로 구분하고, 간접선교는 직접선교를 위한 하나의 방편에 불과한 것으로 격하시키거나 덤으로 주어지는 것으로 간주해서는 안된다. 다시 말해서 교회의 사회복지활동은 하느님께서 인간을 사랑하신다는 구체적인 표징이며, 가난한 이들이 그 표징을 통해 하느님이 자신들을 사랑하신다고 느껴 고백하게 됨으로써 복음화가 이루어지는 것이다.
그러나 한편 아직도 일부에서는 2,000년대를 향한 교회의 복음화를 깊이 받아들이고 적용하지 못한 채 과거에 머물러 있다. 일례로, 최근 서울대교구의 어느 한 본당에서 그 관할 지역사회에 홀로 사시는 할머니들을 위한 집을 마련하기 위해 양로원을 지으려고 시도했다. 그런데 그에 대한 교회 안팎에서 들려온 다양한 반응 중에는 복음화를 잘못 이해하는 이들의 목소리도 있었다. "왜, 본당 신부가 본당 일은 안하고 엉뚱한 일만 벌리느냐?", "교회가 왜 사회복지를 하나?", "양로원은 특수사목이지 본당사목이 아니지 않느냐?" 등 사회복지가 선교에 차지하는 내용을 부정적으로 평가하는 목소리였다.
본당 사목과 특수 사목을 완전히 별도의 것으로 치부해서는 안된다. 하느님 사랑의 구체적이고 현실적인 표징이 사회복지적인 형태로 드러나는 것이다. 오갈 데 없는 할머니를 방문하고 위로하는 것은 본당 사목이고, 그 할머니들을 위한 집을 짓고 모시는 것은 특수 사목이라고 할 수는 없다. 나이가 이미 70대가 넘어선 노인들에게 지금까지 자기가 살아왔던 집과 이웃과 고향 산천을 떠나 노인 요양소에서 새로운 인생을 시작하라는 것이 진정 인간에게 총체적인 해방과 구원을 가져다주는 사목적인 행위라고 할 수 없다.
그렇다면 진정 본당 사목을 단순히 예비자 교리와 성사집전, 신자방문 만을 본당 사목으로 국한한다면, 과연 사목의 목적과 목표가 무엇인지 의아해진다. 무엇 때문에 사목하고, 왜 성당에 나오라고 하는지 되새겨야 한다. 개인의 심리적인 안정과 이기적인 행복을 추구해주기 위해 나오라고 하지는 않는다. 가난한 이들에게 기쁜 소식을 전하기 위해, 신자들에게 기쁜 소식을 전하고 기쁜 소식을 들은 신자들이 기뻐서 세상에 나아가 사람들에게 기쁜 소식을 전하도록 하기 위해 사람들을 교회로 모으는 것이다.
가난한 이들에게 기쁜 소식이라는 - 사목 수행의 현실적인 한 형태로 드러나는 - 사회복지적인 행위를 교회의 부수적이고 이차적인 것으로 취급하지 말고, 교회의 본질을 이루는 것으로서의 사목의 직접 선교와 간접 선교라는 동전의 양면과도 같은 것으로 보아야 하는데도 현실은 그렇지 못하다. 그러므로 교회의 역사가 이를 어떻게 말하고 있는지 이 논문을 통해 고찰해 보도록 한다.
한국 교회의 역사 안에서 특별히 신앙을 가졌다는 이유 때문에 세상으로부터 박해를 받아 몸을 피해야 했던 박해시대에도 이 사회복지적인 이웃사랑이 없지 않았다. 초기교회로부터 현대에 이르기까지의 교회의 역사 안에서 사회복지적인 애덕 활동이 교회가 처한 내외적 환경 안에서 어떤 역할과 비중을 차지했고, 그리고 교회는 어떤 형태의 사회복지를 했으며, 그러한 교회의 모습은 그 당시 사회와 어떤 영향을 주고받았는지, 또한 그러한 사회복지적인 활동이 어떤 변천과정을 밟아 왔는지를 살펴보기로 한다.
한국 천주교의 사회복지에 관한 연구를 한 박석돈(1981)과 최정복(1952) 등은 신자들의 자선사업에 대해 실례와 한국 최초의 아동복지시설 영해회와 양노원, 시약소, 성 라자로 요양원 및 미국 가톨릭 구제위원회의 활동 그리고 천주교 사회복지 전국조직인 한국 천주교 주교회의 인성회를 다루었고, 최석우(1982)는 시약소를, 유흥렬(1962)은 한국 최초의 노인복지 양로원 설치에 대해, 조화영(1992)은 영해회에 대해 다루었다. 그리고 전찬범(1994)과 김용태(1993)와 이현숙(1997)은 성서와 성전(聖傳) 그리고 교황 요한 바오로2세의 '가난한 이들에 대한 우선적인 사랑'이라는 권고에 따라 가난하고 고통받고 억눌려 있는 모든 사람들에 대한 사랑과 배려가 크리스챤의 의무이자 권리이며, 물질적인 지원 뿐만아니라 정신적이고도 인격적인 차원에서 교회가 적극적으로 대응 참여해야 한다는 관점에서 초기 한국 천주교회의 사회복지 활동에서부터 현대에 이르기까지 천주교 사회복지의 흐름을 살펴본 바 있다.
이상의 선행연구들에 나타난 천주교 사회복지 활동을 보면, 한국 천주교회는 박해시대부터 지금에 이르기까지 끊임없이 그리고 가난한 이들에게 기쁜 소식을 전하려는 교회의 본질적인 형태로 사회복지 활동을 해왔다는 것을 부분적으로나마 확인할 수 있었다. 1777년부터 시작된 221년간의 한국 천주교회의 역사는 한국 천주교회 사회복지의 역사가 아닌가? 이 한국 교회의 역사 안에 엄연한 현실로 살아 있는 '가난한 이들에게 기쁜 소식' 자리를 간접 선교로 간신히 본당 사목 속에 넣어 주거나, 있으면서도 한 구석으로 밀어 놓기 보다 적극적으로 찾아주고 계승 발전시켜야 한다.
그러나 지금까지 한국 천주교회의 사회복지 활동에 대한 역사가 전체적인 면에서 구체적이고도 통합적으로 정리되어 있지 않았기 때문에, 천주교회 내에서 사회복지를 시작하는 사람들이 천주교 사회복지의 정신과 그 적용에 있어서 매번 개별적으로 처음부터 다시 새롭게 풀어나가야만 했다. 또 어렵게 사회복지 활동을 시작했어도, 이렇게 사회복지의 정신과 적용이 체계적이고 이론적으로 정립되어 계승 발전이 되지 않았기 때문에, 특별히 관심이 있는 사회복지사업가 개인의 당대에 그치거나, 또 그 후임자들로 넘어가는 과정에서 혼란과 사업의 변환이 거듭되는 일을 이제는 멈추도록 해야 한다.
그러므로 이 연구는 각 시대별 사회환경의 변화에 따라 교회가 어떠한 사회복지 활동을 펼쳐 왔는지를 체계적으로 정리하면서, 사회복지 활동이 교회 복음 선교에서 차지하는 자리를 그 시대의 특성과 한국 사회와의 관계 안에서 재확인하여, 교회가 앞으로 어떤 모습으로 선교와 복지를 해 나가야 하는지를 모색해 보고자 한다.
샤를르 달레(Ch. Dallet) 신부는 1784(1592)년부터 1866년 병인박해(丙寅迫害)까지의 한국 천주교회 역사를 둘로 나누었다. 첫째는 1592년 임진왜란시 일본인들의 조선 침략으로 인해 일본에 잡혀가 입교 순교한 조선 사람들의 뒤를 이어 1784년 이승훈의 첫세례 후 1827년 교회가 정해박해(丁亥迫害)를 받기까지를 '초기의 한국교회'로 잡았다. 둘째는 1831년 천주교 조선교구가 설정되고 1866년 병인박해로 베르뇌(Berneux) 주교 및 그의 동료신부들의 순교에 이르기까지를 '시련과 발전의 한국교회'로 잡았다.
그리고 유홍렬은 한국 천주교회 역사를 예수회 포르투칼인 가스파르 빌렐라 신부가 일본에서 조선으로 선교하려고 계획했던 1556년부터 '일제 압정하의 교세와 해방 후의 교회 발전'까지를 10편으로 나누어 잡았다.
위에서 언급한 이 둘의 한국천주교회사는 초기 교회의 순교와 순교로 지킨 신앙의 자유 획득 그리고 해방 전후를 기준으로 역사를 나누고 있다.
그리고 초기 교회 이후 역사의 연구의 기준이 되는 시대 구분은 김성태 신부 지도의 가톨릭대학교 신학과 학생들의 일제시대 교회사 졸업논문에 나타난 시기구분을 참조할 수 있다.(강형석, 1995; 김선용, 1996; 백지영, 1998) 그리고 이들은 해방이후를 한 시기로 잡았다.(정승호, 1992; 한정희, 1996; 유환민, 1996) 한편 일제시대를 사회복지 역사의 한 획으로 구분한 것은 권오구(1997 : 241)와 함세남 외 7인(1996 : 542)의 경우와도 같다.
전찬범(1992)은 1784년 한국 천주교회의 성립에서 1886년 선교 자유까지를 '제1단계 : 박해시대'로 구분했다. 그리고 선교 자유에서 1945년 해방 전까지를 '제2단계 : 문호개방과 일제강점기'로 구분했다. 그리고 해방이후 1975년 인성회 설립 전까지를 '제3단계 : 자치교회의 발전시기'로 구분했다. 그리고 인성회 활동시기부터 1991년 사회복지위원회 설립 전까지를 '제4단계 : 인성회 활동시기'로 구분했다.
연구자는 달레와 유홍렬과 함께 1777년 국내의 천진암 주어사에서 유학자들이 처음으로 천주교를 연구하기 시작해서 1784년 이승훈이 세례성사를 받고 이어지는 박해 속에서 1831년 조선 교구가 설정되고 1866년 병인박해로 많은 신앙인들이 순교한 후 그 열매로 1886년 한불수호조약을 맺고 신앙의 자유를 얻기까지를 '제1기 초기교회 신앙정립과정의 활동기'(1777∼1886)로 구분한다.
그리고 신앙의 자유를 얻은 이후 교계제도가 정식으로 설정되고 수도회가 진출하며 평신도들도 세상에서 드러내놓고 공식적으로 활동하다가 1910년 한일합방으로 다시 한국 천주교회가 정치적으로 주권을 잃고 박해를 받기 전까지를 '제2기 종교자유획득과 수도회 결성이후의 활동기'(1886∼1910)로 구분한다.
그리고 한일합방의 설움과 압제에서 신음하다가 해방이 되어 다시 주권을 되찾은 1945년 8월 15일까지를 '제3기 일제식민시기의 활동기'(1910∼1945)로 구분한다.
그리고 이 논문은 교회의 사회복지 활동을 다루기 위한 연구이므로 전찬범과 함께 해방이후를 1948년이나 1960년대까지로 한정하지 않고, 한국 천주교회의 사회복지 활동을 전국적인 조직체계로 연결한 1975년 주교회의 인성회 설립 이전시기까지를 '제4기 해방후 활동기'(1945∼1975)로 구분한다.
그리고 1975년 6월 26일 한국 카리타스인 한국 천주교 주교회의 인성회 설립되고 그 산하에 전국적인 사회복지조직이 결성되고 체계적인 사회복지활동을 펼친 '제5기 인성회 조직 이후의 활동기'(1975∼1991)로 구분한다.
그리고 주교회의 인성회가 주교회의 사회복지위원회로 개칭되어 사회복지 전담으로 축소 집중된 1991년 10월 이후 전국적으로 각 교구에 사회복지회(국 또는 위원회)가 설치되어 활동하기 시작하여 현재까지를 '제6기 한국 천주교 주교회의 사회복지위원회 조직 이후의 활동기'(1991∼)로 구분한다.
한국 사회복지사를 연구하기 위해서 무엇을 사회복지의 대상으로 볼 것인가를 정해야 한다. 사회복지의 대상을 정하기 위해서는 사회복지의 개념을 이해할 필요가 있다.
사회사업사전에서는 "사회복지는 사회를 유지하는데 기본적인 사회, 경제, 교육, 건강의 욕구를 사람들에게 충족시키고 지역사회와 전체 사회의 집단적인 복지상태를 유지하기 위한 국가적 프로그램, 급여, 서비스 체계."(로버트 L. 바커 : 110) 라고 한다.
그리고 "사회복지는 인간의 복지를 증진시키기 위해 사회적, 경제적 문제를 해결하고자 하는 사회의 조직화된 노력이다."(김융일, 조흥식, 김연옥 : 20) 라고도 한다. 또 김융일(1986)은 "사회복지는 정부 및 민간기관들이 개발과 개입전략을 통해 모든 국민들이 적절하고 창조적인 사회적 역할을 수행할 수 있도록 인간과 사회제도들 사이에 위치해서 그들의 상호작용을 회복 유지 강화시킴으로써 개인의 자기실현과 사회의 정의를 구현하려는 공사의 조직화된 활동들의 체계로서 제일선 사회제도들 중 하나이다."라고 한다.
한편 하상락(1989 : 12)은 사회복지사 연구의 대상을 찾기 위한 사회복지 개념의 불명확성을 언급하면서도 사회복지에 대한 가장 포괄적인 개념 규정을 해 본다면, 개인적으로 대처하기 어려운 욕구나 문제를 해결하기 위한 협동적인 노력 또는 제 3자에 의한 원조의 체계라고 할 수 있을 것이라고 했다.
그러므로 한국 천주교회사를 연구하고자 하는 이 논문에서는 사회복지를 "개인적으로 대처하기 어려운 욕구나 문제에 그리스도의 사랑의 정신으로 함께 참여하여 그 문제를 나누고 함께 풀어나가기 위한 교회의 가르침과 교회의 사목적 지침 그리고 그 가르침에 따른 교회 공동체의 직·간접적인 행위와 신자 개인이 신앙의 정신을 가지고 교회의 이름으로 또는 교회의 가르침과 지침을 실천하려는 다양한 노력"이라고 규정한다. 이를 교회적인 용어로 바꾸어 말한다면, "하느님 사랑에 응답하는 이웃사랑의 구체적인 형태의 활동"이라고 할 수 있겠다.
이러한 사회복지의 규정아래 이 연구에서는 천주교 사회복지사 연구의 대상을 한정된 사회적 약자와 사회적 낙오자에 두고 그 구제, 보호, 예방, 회복의 원조를 행하는 시책과 방법체계로 이해하여(이계탁 : 13) 사회복지사업을 중심으로 하는 협의의 사회복지(김상규, 윤욱, 전재일 : 30)와 사회복지를 포괄적으로 표시하는 광의의 사회복지(김용태 : 9) 모두로 잡는다.
그리고 "사회복지는 인간의 존엄성을 수호하기 위한 사회 공동체적 활동이므로 사회복지는 자선활동뿐 아니라, 정의를 실현하는 수단으로 인식되어야 한다."와 "교회의 복지시설은 사회에서 소외된 사람들에게도 인간다운 삶을 영위하도록 도와주도록 하는 시설이다.(사목회의 사회복지 의안, 제 8절 참조)."라고 한 한국 천주교 주교회의의 결정(한국 천주교 주교회의 : 82)도 참조한다.
한국 천주교회 사회복지에 관한 선행 연구들을 보면, 달레(Ch.Dallet) 신부의 한국천주교회사와 유홍렬(柳洪烈)의 한국천주교회사 등 기존의 천주교회의 역사 연구는 순교로 지킨 신앙과 신앙을 전하는 선교 측면에서의 성장과 성숙을 기술하고 있다.
그리고 한국 천주교회 사회복지사를 부분적으로 연구한 선행연구들도 있었다. 박석돈(1981)은 이승훈 베드로와 원 베드로, 강완숙 골롬바, 김시우 알렉스, 김명숙, 김종한 안드레아, 조신철 가를로, 최경환, 최해성 요한, 이문우 요한, 민극기 스테파노 등의 자선사업에 대해 실례를 들어 기록하였고, 김옥현, 서상돈, 대구교구의 인애회를 기술한 최정복, 안성 본당의 공신부 등에 의해 빈민구제사업이 이어졌다고 하였다. 그리고 해방과 6 25를 겪는 동안 '미국 가톨릭 구제위원회'(Catholic Relief Service)가 한국에 진출하면서 대대적이고 조직적인 구빈사업과 사회개발사업이 펼쳐졌다고 기술하고, 1946년 구호사업을 시작하여 1952년 외원법에 의해 외원단체로 보사부에 등록한 한국의 C.R.S.가 한국 인성회에 양도되기까지의 역사를 기록하였다.
그리고 1852년 한국에 파견되어 나온 매스트르 신부의 1854년의 영해회를 시작으로 한 고아원 사업과 1894년 한국 샬트르 성 바오로 수녀회가 인천에 고아원을 설립하며 시작한 시약소의 의료복지사업 그리고 1948년부터 세브란스병원 부속 결핵요양소를 구입하여 성 라자로 요양원을 설립하여 시작된 구라사업 등을 상세히 기술하고 있다.
그리고 교회예산에 공식적으로 배정되어 있는 자선비(현재의 찬조비)를 언급하고, 이어 그는 교회의 사명을 복음선포(Kerygma)와 전례(Liturgia) 및 애덕(Caritas)과 봉사(Diaconia)에 둠으로써 교회 초창기부터 불우한 형제들에게 애덕을 실천할 것을 주교(사제계급 중 신부의 윗단계 신분) 축성식의 내용에 포함하고 있다는 사실을 소개한다. 그리고 모금운동으로 시작된 인성회(국제적인 이웃돕기 사업인 Caritas의 한국조직명)의 설립과 그 취지 및 활동을 기록했다. 그리고 가톨릭 아동복지협의회와 가톨릭 결핵사업가협회, 심신장애인사업 종사자회, 교회 여성 사회사업 종사자회, 국내정착 월남 난민문제에 대한 회와 대구 중심의 사회복지시설 자원체계를 기술했다.
조화영(1989 : 79)은 위 박석돈에 이어 1854년 매스트르 신부에 의해 설립 운영된 한국 최초의 아동복지시설인 영해회를, 교회의 사목자가 당시의 시대상황 속에서 어려움에 처한 백성들에 대한 직접적인 사목활동으로 간주하고 다루었다. 그리고 그는 연구의 결론에서 "첫째, 근대적 의미의 아동복지 사업의 발아기를 1854년 매스트르 신부의 영해회 사업 전개로 봄이 마땅하다고 생각하므로 기존의 한국 사회복지사 문헌에서 제시하는 근대적 사회사업의 실시시기를 1894년 갑오경장의 개혁정치 이후(구자헌, 1970 : 47)나 1897년 대한제국 선포 이후(지윤, 1969 : 248-250)로 보는 것은 마땅치 않다고 생각한다. 둘째, 기존의 사회복지사 문헌에서 최초의 고아시설 설립 년도를 1888년으로 보는 것(하상락, 1989 : 82)은 수정되어야 한다고 생각한다."며 기존의 사회복지사 문헌에서 제시하고 있는 두 가지 사실에 대해 수정요구를 하였다.
전찬범(1992)은 "자생적 교회로 이 땅에 뿌리를 내린 한국 천주교회는 어려운 박해시기가 채 끝나기도 전에 이미 그리스도의 사랑과 나눔을 실천하기 위하여 사회복지활동을 펼치기 시작하였다. 그리고 민족적 굴욕과 아픔의 시대인 일제치하와 6·25동란을 겪는 동안에도 사회복지활동은 복음 정신에 따라 교회의 명분을 유지하면서 꾸준히 전개되어 왔다."고 했다.
김용태(1993 : 62)는 "교회 사회복지활동이 자선과 애긍의 덕이라는 차원에서, 교황 요한 바오로 2세의 '가난한 이들에 대한 우선적인 사랑'이란 사도직 권고에 따라 가난하고 고통받고 억눌려 있는 모든 사람들에 대한 사랑과 배려가 크리스챤의 의무이자 권리임이 천명되면서, 교회는 사회복지에 대한 다양한 요구를 수용하게 되었다. 또한 사회복지 대상자들에 대한 물질적인 지원뿐만 아니라, 비물질적이고 인격적이고 정신적인 사회복지의 요구들이 대두되었고, 이러한 요구에 적극적으로 대처하고 능동적으로 참여하는 것이 교회의 사명으로 여겨지게 되었다."고 밝혔다.
이현숙(1997)은 '가톨릭 사회복지의 현황과 발전 전망'과 '한국 복지제도의 발전과 한국교회의 사회복지 참여 전망'에서 "천주교 사회복지사업의 역사를 보면 역시 19세기말로 거슬러 올라가며, 다양한 영역에서 사회복지활동을 선구적으로 전개해 왔을 뿐 아니라, 서구적인 사회복지 개념과 방법론을 소개하는 등 한국사회의 사회복지 발전에 지대한 영향을 미쳤다."고 했다.
한편 김인숙(1997 : 4)은 '지역사회 안에서의 교회의 역할'에서 "한국 가톨릭 교회의 사회복지활동은 외국의 수도회들이 선교의 보조 수단으로 사회복지시설을 운영했던 일제시대부터 시작되었다고 말할 수 있다. 이 당시 한국의 사회복지는 일제가 도입한 '조선구호령'이라는 생활보호사업 형태가 고작이었다."라고 했다.
이상의 연구를 보면 초기 교회사에 있어서 박석돈은 평신도 신자 개인차원의 자선사업 사례만을 다루었으며, 그 이후는 대구교구에 치중한 듯한 모습이 보인다. 또한 김인숙의 글은 이미 1777년부터 한국 천주교회가 시작되었는데도 교회 존재의 양면인 선교와 사회복지라는 양면 중 사회복지 부분을 간과했을 뿐만 아니라 사회복지를 사회복지시설 운영으로 한정시킨 것이다.
한국 천주교회가 종교의 자유를 얻은 시기에서 최석우와 유흥렬은 교회사의 관점에서 교회가 사회복지사업을 하였다는 사실을 기록하는데 그치었고, 조화영은 아동복지에 대해서 성실히 다루었으나 당대 교회 복지사업의 전반을 소개하지는 못했다.
김용태와 이현숙과 전찬범은 현대교회의 사회복지의 진단과 미래방향을 제시하느라 역사의 구체적이고 실제적인 사료부분을 폭넓고 깊이 다루지는 않았다.
이상의 연구들의 한계점을 종합하면, 교회 사회복지 활동이 교회사 안에서 차지하는 비중이나 의의를 뚜렷이 밝히지 않았고 또한 교회 사회복지 활동의 전체적인 체계와 세대 간 사회환경의 변화 속에서도 꾸준히 사회복지 활동을 실천케 한 연결고리가 되는 일관된 교회 사회복지의 맥락을 이끌어 내지 못했다.
그래서 연구자는 한국 천주교회가 초기교회부터 순교로 지킨 신앙을, 시대와 세대를 거치며 한국 전체 교회와 각 교구별로 현대에 이르기까지 어떻게 현실에서 실현하며 살아왔는지를 '하느님 사랑의 표현인 이웃사랑'이라는, 즉 어려움에 처한 이웃과 단체 및 지역사회를 말로 위로하고 수용과 보호 및 양육 그리고 제도적이며 체계적으로 돕는 '교회의 사회복지'라는, 일관된 시각에서 각 시대와 각 복지분야를 통합적으로 밝혀보고자 한다.
셋째, 사회복지 활동의 시대적 성격과 의의를 살펴보고자 한다.
정치 사회 및 교회 사회복지적인 배경은 구분된 각 시대의 사회복지활동을 가져오게 한 사회상과 교회의 토대를 기록하며, 그 내용은 시대별 활동내용에 따라 구체화한다.
그리고 분야별 천주교 사회복지사업은 아동복지(보육원과 어린이집, 탁아소, 유치원)와 교육복지, 야학 및 기술복지, 장애인복지, 행려자복지, 근로자복지, 청소년복지, 여성복지, 노인복지, 의료복지, 지역사회복지 순으로 다루는데, 나환우 복지처럼 각 시대의 특징 및 중점사업은 먼저 다루고 특별히 현대의 복지분야로 분류할 수 없는 시대적인 특정사업은 기타 항목에서 다룬다.
분야별 천주교 사회복지사업 중 문맹인들과 가난한 이들에 대한 기초적인 사회 지식습득 그리고 사회적응과 취업 차원에서의 교육 그리고 사회복지 전문 교육과정을 사회복지사업의 교육복지 범주 안에 넣는다. 이는 아동복지의 유치원과 의료복지의 경우 의·병원도 같은 맥락이다.


Apr 30, 2015 ... If a basket-hanger was espied by the recipient, the recipient would give chase and try to steal a kiss from the basket-hanger. ... it contains almost anything, by way of small presents you have in mind to put in it, together with your respects, ... Follow me @NPRHistoryDept; lead me by writing lweeks@npr.org.


This listing is for 5 pieces of beautiful bleached and dyed black peacock sword feathers. The length of this feathers are 10 - 12 inches long. There will be mixture of left and right sword in this pack. However, there will not be an even number as it is very hard to pack it that way.
Everything came as described and the feathers were in very good shape. Order received quickly. However, the pictured bundle is probably about 10-12, rather than 5. I wish I had ordered twice as much as a result. I had no sense of how full or fluffy each individual feather would be. So I was a bit disappointed in the quantity received (although it was what was described).


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Honorary Regent's Welcome
Our Patriots
P E P
Major Isaac Sadler - La Belle Vue Chapter, DAR
Chapter Patriots
In January 1911, the State Regent of Nebraska Society Daughters of the American Revolution, asked for the organization of a new DAR chapter in the Omaha area, primarily for daughters of Daughters. The new DAR chapter was organized March 1, 1911, and chartered as Major Isaac Sadler Chapter on November 18, 1912 and Organizing Regent Blanche I. McKelvy named the chapter after her patriotic ancestor, Major Isaac Sadler. With few exceptions, the members of this young new DAR chapter were women under forty years of age. They were full of enthusiasm and eager to do their part for Historic Preservation, Education, and Patriotism. At the March 1912 meeting, Mrs. William A. Dilworth, a charter member, presented the chapter with a gavel made from a Cherry tree grown at Mount Vernon, which she purchased in Washington, D. C.
In 1992, the Goldenrod Chapter, merged with Major Isaac Sadler. Goldenrod Chapter was organized October 18, 1959 and named for the Nebraska state flower.
La Belle Vue Chapter was organized with twenty members December 5, 1998. Ms. Susan Henshaw was organizing regent. La Belle Vue, was named for the city of Bellevue, which was the oldest community in the state of Nebraska. Bellevue began it's growth during the fur trade in the early 19th century, which was greatly enhanced by the Native American agency tribes of Pawnee, Omaha, Otoe, and Missouri.
In October 2004 the National Board of Management approved the merger of the Major Isaac Sadler Chapter, with the La Belle Vue Chapter. With 30 remaining members, Major Isaac Sadler no longer had the people power to maintain a board of directors, so after considering their options, chose to merge with the five-years-young La Belle Vue Chapter because of their quick growth and enthusiasm. The members felt it important they maintain their rich history, and requested La Belle Vue adopt their name. La Belle Vue felt it equally important to keep their name. This young new chapter was proud of their quick growth and accomplishments. Both chapters agreed to preserve their history by combining the two names into one and adopted the name: Major Isaac Sadler - La Belle Vue Chapter, DAR.
"The most persistent of all legends in Bellevue's history is that which purports to explain the community's name. It is said that sometime between 1805 and 1807, the intrepid fur trader and entrepreneur on the Missouri River, Manuel Lisa, climbed to the top of the largest hill, Elk Hill. When confronted by the breathtaking view of the Missouri Valley area, he said "La Belle Vue," meaning "The Beautiful View." Bellevue has carried the name since." *
*From: Jerold L. Simmons (Ed.), La BelleVue: Studies in the History of Bellevue, Nebraska, (Marceline, MO: Walsworth Pub. Co., 1976), pp. 20-21.
Manuel Lisa
DAR in Omaha, Nebraska
Major Isaac Sadler-La Belle Vue website
created by Sharon Hanson Frey & Jen Miner
Contact the Webmaster
This website was updated on October 2, 2018
Web hyperlinks to non-DAR sites are not the responsibility of the NSDAR, the state organizations, or individual DAR chapters.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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May 8, 2017 Cactus Pop TV
10 Reasons to Watch Tierra de Reyes
Telenovela? Check. Cowboys? Check. Mucho, mucho, mucho romance? Check, check, check. Tierra de Reyes is another Telemundo goodie that has landed on our Netflix watch-list, and this has easily become my favourite. Read ahead, to see why.
1. the plot
Without giving away too many spoilers, the basic premise is this: three (very attractive) brothers, the Gallardos, are devastated when their sister, Alma, is murdered. Alma was having an affair with rich businessman, Ignacio del Junco, who is also murdered. The brothers believe Ignacio's family (namely matriarch/HBIC Cayetana), is behind the death of their sister, so they decide the best way to investigate, and wreak revenge, is to go work at Ignacio's ranch, using a false surname. What they didn't count on was Ignacio's three beautiful daughters getting in the way. Or falling in love with them.
There are also other sub-plots providing extra suspense. To start with there's Soledad, the del Junco housekeeper, who was forced to give her daughter up for adoption – who is the daughter and will she find out Soledad is her real mother? Then there's singer, Patricia Rubio (aka La Reina de la Noche), who dreams of becoming a star but is stuck working at Palenque Night Club, under her controlling manager/boyfriend Ulises. Finally, there's also a subplot involving illegal gun shipments, but really that's all just there for the sake of moving along various romances and outing the villains of the story.
2. the chicos
There's a whole selection of attractive men who make watching this telenovela very easy on the eye. The most obvious being the Gallardo brothers – Arturo, Flavio and Samuel. They're the heroes of the telenovela, and all-round nice guys.
3. the chicas
The three del Junco sisters – Sofia, Andrea and Irina – are all good value to watch. Sofia is stuck in an abusive relationship with her husband Leonardo, and is scared to fall in love. Andrea is majorly stuck-up and serious and spends a lot of time yelling insults. Irina is the youngest, and the free spirit of the sisters – she's hilarious.
4. the ships and the songs
There are so many romantic pairings in this show! And what I love most about this show is you don't have to wait for a hundred episodes to pass before anyone gets together. I'm only going to reveal the three couples that are shown in the opening credits (which is full of spoilers, so it's fair game), but the many others you'll just have to watch (and wait) and see. And their songs are all super catchy! (Seriously, why can't all shows have songs for their ships?)
Sofia and Arturo. Possibly my favourite pairing. If only because Arturo seems like a total grouch most of the time, but he's completely smitten with Sofia right away. And Sofia is pretty much terrified of the male species, which is only natural given who she is married to. But she can't resist Arturo's charms. *sigh* There are rescues, and Arturo defending her against Leonardo, and both of them trying to fight how they feel. It's great.
Where Sofia and Arturo are sweet, Flavio and Irina are spicy. They have the best chemistry. I can't give away too much of their storyline, but let's just say there are lots of secrets being kept between them, and between their families. They're both very stubborn and fiery so they argue a lot, and play revenge pranks on each other a lot (all very entertaining!). Plus there's a pretend marriage and a real marriage thrown in there to complicate things. Who, when and why? Watch and see!
And finally, according to the opening credits, Samuel and Andrea get together. Although this is definitely a slow burn! They have oodles of unresolved sexual tension – which they deal with by almost kissing, kissing as a form of punishment (eye roll) and calling each other names. Samuel calls her bruja (witch) and she switches between calling him imbecil (idiot), desgraciado (bastard) and infeliz (fool). And while Samuel has other relationships, Andrea laments her feelings for Samuel and keeps them well-hidden. It's fun watching it play out, but enough is enough. By the halfway point in the series, you'll be ready for this ship to get moving. But in the meantime, here's Andrea's reaction to a phone call from Samuel. Too. Cute.
5. Dario
Dario is "top, just top". He's a friend of the del Junco family and he's in Houston to open a spa. He has great catchphrases like "not nice" for anything bad, and "top" for anything good. He's one of the rare gay telenovela characters (at least in the telenovelas I've seen) and I find him so fun and so lovely! He's a real nice guy, he's up against his homophobic aunt, and I hope he gets a happy ending!
6. THE hats
Who knew there were so many ways to bend a cowboy hat? I can't help but chuckle at Arturo's and Pablo's in particular. Arturo can barely see past his, and it makes things awkward as hell for Sofia to manoeuvre around when she wants to kiss him. Pablo looks like he's about to take flight.
There's also the 'stack hat' favoured by Samuel when he's riding his motorbike. There's something really unattractive about this hat. Sorry, Samuel. I love you. Just not in this hat.
7. the outfits
Every time I watch this show, I think the show is very Britney Spears in her "I'm Not a Girl, Not Yet a Woman" years. That is, there are a lot of midriffs, fringe, and large belt buckles. The show is set in Texas, so there are plaid shirts, cowboy hats and bolo ties galore. Sometimes it's hot. Sometimes, it's not.
8. leonardo
He's the numero uno villain. Not only does he abuse his wife, but he's most likely behind the deaths of Ignacio and Alma, has ties to illegal gun traffickers, is a serial cheater, and is likely going to seduce Cayetana to have access to the del Junco fortune. He does this creepy whistle when he's done something bad, and he cackles like nobody's business. He's pure evil and great to watch!
9. damsel in distress moments
Disclaimer: I might be a feminist, but that doesn't mean I can't appreciate a good damsel in distress moment or twenty. There are several equestrian accidents, kidnappings, snake-related dramas, fainting spells, all manner of tripping over that immediately leads to the person falling unconscious, and much more. And there's ALWAYS a Gallardo brother around to save the day, whisk the women up into their arms and carry them to safety. And I can't help it. I swoon like an idiot every time.
10. whodunnit? And why?
We all suspect Leonardo is behind everything, but who knows? With telenovelas you can never be sure! So is it Leonardo all along? Or is it a long sought-after revenge on behalf of Emilio Valverde, the show's other villain, who has another agenda related to the Gallardo brothers? Will they meet their sticky ends and who will be alive at the end?!
Tagged Netflix, telemundo, telenovela
2 thoughts on "10 Reasons to Watch Tierra de Reyes"
Donna smith says:
I can't stand that Leonardo! I'm glad he gets it at the end! A real psycho! One thing I've seen this actor before & don't care too much for him. When you play a part too good is because he are really like that!
Bia says:
loved it! and im glad you're a feminist!
Who Killed Jason Blossom?
Every Bughead Scene – Part 1


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Home World News Emerging Markets Ethiopia's income from metal, engineering export registers major downfall
Ethiopia's income from metal, engineering export registers major downfall
Ethiopia's income from the export of metal and engineering products has registered a major downfall, Ethiopia's Metals Industry Development Institute revealed on Tuesday.
The east African country had an initial target of generating 75 million U.S. dollars from the export of metal and engineering products during the just concluded 2016-2017 Ethiopian fiscal year. The country, however, was only able to earn 47.9 million U.S. dollars from the sector during the reported period.
The Ethiopian Metals Industry Development Institute, announcing its annual report on Tuesday, attributed the reported decrease mainly to challenges associated with lack of foreign currency and shortage of raw materials.
According to the institute, sector's poor competitiveness both in quality and quantity of production was also another major factor for the registered export income downfall.
Mobile phone export, contributing more than 44 million U.S. dollars income, was said to be the largest source of export revenue in the sector. Export of jewelries, home appliances and machineries have also contributed more than 3 million U.S. dollars of the total 47.9 million U.S. dollars that was generated from the sector during the reported period.
The institute further expressed its ambition to solve the major challenges that hinder the sector during the just concluded 2016-2017 Ethiopian fiscal year.
The east African country has previously announced 74 million U.S. dollars earning from gold exports during the same fiscal year. The revenue was smaller by half from the last fiscal year 2015-2016, when Ethiopia earned 150 million U.S. dollars from gold exports.
The Ethiopian Mines, Petroleum and Natural Gas has blamed primarily contraband gold trading for the decrease registered in gold exports revenue. Enditem
Source: Xinhua/Newsghana.com.gh
Ethiopia's income
major downfall
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Apropos of Nothing: 24 Hours of Tesla
October 8, 2018 October 8, 2018 gamingballistic
So, my wife is pretty cool. When I turned 40, she suggested that my relatives get me a unique gift. That gift was a one-hour lesson in how to fly an actual helicopter, which ended with me piloting a Robinson R22 after a brief introduction to the theory of rotary-wing flight. It was amazing.
Well, last week was my birthday (47 this time) and this time, after a week of cryptic hints that ranged from casual fun to 1970s naughty bacchanalia. One never knows with a redhead. But we started out on Sunday, having been only told "block out the afternoon" and made our way to Mall of America, where much to my surprise, she informed me that she'd rented a Tesla Model 3 for us for a day, and soon thereafter, we left to tool around the western edge of the Twin Cities (mostly around Lake Minnetonka) for the afternoon and evening. I had the car from 3pm Sunday to 3pm Monday, which let me drive it in various conditions.
My Other Car is A . . .
In terms of prior experience, I've driven a lot of cars. I'm a big fan of a manual transmission, too. I like driving my cars, and working through the gears is fun. My personal vehicles over the years have been a loaner Nissan Stanza, my own Honda CRX Si, then an Acura Integra (stolen! twice!), then a loaner Saturn SL1, and we've owned as a family an '03 Forrester, '05 WRX, '12 Outback, and '15 WRX.
Yeah, we like Subarus. The AWD here in the Twin Cities, paired with Real Snow Tires, makes for a solid ride. The 'Rex is a fun car, too. The '15 has about 200-230 hp to the wheels, with a listed power of 268. The torque comes in the 240 ft-lbs range on the Road and Track dynometer. I'm not a car guy, but I'll quote those numbers and see.
The WRX is a fun car to drive, and with good summer or winter tires on is a beast for road handling. It's pretty hard to break loose from the road, even when I try. And I have. Though my children keep asking me to drive sideways on I-35, a request which is typically politely but firmly denied.
I've also experienced an electric hybrid before, in the form of a 2009 Prius. We rented that one and drove it all over Yosemite national park, up and down mountains and switchbacks, and other terrain. It puts down about 100 hp effective on a dyno test I saw, and about 80-85 ft-lbs of torque claimed. Nonetheless, it was a fine car that got 50+ mph, which is its design point. What did impress was that while the acceleration was not spectacular, it did quite well from a standing stop, since the electric motors have max torque at 0 speed, whereas gas engines tend to require some revvin'.
It also have me some prior feel for the "Stealth Car" aspect of an electric vehicle.
But THIS Car is A BEAST
The Model 3 I got to drive had the Big Battery but was rear wheel drive. Nearly 100% of my driving experience, straight line or off-road or driving sideways or winter, was front- or all-wheel drive. So that made me a bit nervous about recovery from anything, um, dynamic (read: stupid) I might do. It's a bit tricky to find the data, as Tesla has apparently been playing with software algorithms, but I found one source that showed an "at the wheels" horsepower and torque for the RWD Model 3 of about 325 HP and 325 ft-lbs of torque on the dynometer. Short version, this thing has 50% more horsepower and 35% more torque, and that power is available right the heck now.
The WRX hits 0-60 in about 5.5 seconds. I've seen Tesla Model 3 quoted as anywhere from 3.5 to 4.5s, depending on lots of things. So I expected to be impressed with the car's performance. In fact, based on a price tag of $55,000 for the car I drove, I expected to be impressed.
I was not disappointed.
Sit Down, Feel the . . . What?
Teasing aside, two things about the seats. First, while I did not sit in the back seat, both front and passenger seats are really, really comfortable. I would be happy to sit in these while driving the car hard or in stop and go traffic, and over the last 24 hours I did both. Really, really comfortable.
The "leather" seats are actually a soy-based product. "Vegan leather," so I'm told. Clever. I'm OK either way: the darn things are comfy to sit in.
In terms of adjustments and other comfort, the throttle had a very long stroke (not a complaint; you need that range to control the vehicle), and the steering wheel had a solid and somewhat . . . beefy is the wrong word. It was just the right size and shape to control the vehicle, and like the seats was a tactile pleasure to use. I'm very happy with my WRX steering wheel, but the Tesla's is better.
Oh, also: four adults, several of them over six feet tall, had no issues with legroom and size. This is a spacious car.
Welcome to the New Enterprise
The interior is basically controlled by a giant iPad. It's maybe a 15″ touchscreen display, and everything is on it. Everything. Map and navigation? Of course they're on the screen. Music? Same. Driver adjustment, trunk release, front/rear hood, and basically preferences screens for the car's performance are all toggled from an interface that will cause no stress to any mobile phone user.
What was not so awesome? The speedometer was in the top left corner of the display, as was the remaining charge in miles (not that bad). The weather was rainy for the entire time I had the car (mist, light rain, drizzle mostly) and so I was constantly using the wipers. That is also done on the screen.
That means I had to look down at the display while driving for both speed information (critical to not getting ticketed, which I did not do), as well as adjusting the wipers.
The speed and charge thing would need to be a hardware fix. My preference would be an awesome heads-up display that tucked that information into a small strip down near the base of the window. Color display, of course, because Tesla. Change the color based on lighting conditions or even contrast, because there are movie studios with fewer cameras on them than the Model 3 uses for its traffic and cruise control and lane-sensing suite. But being able to not take one's eyes off the road to ensure that two or three pieces of key info are there would be nice. Speed is key. Battery charge optional. Speed limit, which is niftily available via the Tesla map, would be handy. Some of the lane-sensing information is only available if you're effectively staring down at the LCD while driving, and sometimes (in the rain/mist) that jumped around on me – one car suddenly seemed (on screen) to swerve at me; in reality it did no such thing, and I did not over-react (or react at all), but it was very much a lesson in "eyes on the road, dummy."
Nifty visual interface thing: as the car gets better and better information about "where are the lanes," the lane-centering graphics become darker and more defined. It's a certainty-o-meter that's subtle and effective.
The wiper thing is a software fix. Push the button and the wipers go once, but the cursors on the steering wheel can be used to increase the blade rate, from 1 to 4 to Auto.
The Auto wipe had issues detecting misty rain, and I used manual for that. But when it was actually raining, it did a nice job and while I might have wished for a slightly faster blade rate, it worked well.
The key entry was a pain, until I realized the sensor was lower in the B-pillar than I was placing the key card. But owners, not rentals, get to use a phone app
We Have Regenerated!
One of the nifty things that takes getting used to is the regenerative braking. Take your foot off the throttle (not the gas; where we're driving we don't need gas), and the regenerative braking takes power from the motion of the wheels to recharge the battery. It's about the same feel as a mild but committed easing of the brakes on a regular car. It's disconcerting at first . . . until you realize that other than a quick-stop or a definitive halt, it means that a rush-hour commute is an exercise in never having to touch the brake in slow-and-go traffic. Your either going, or regenerating the battery. Rarely actually stopping. You can "coast" but you have to maintain positive and light pressure on the throttle to do it. This is merely a matter of getting use to it, and took less than the day I had to play with the car. By the time I (sigh) returned it, I didn't have the "oops, sorry about that" thing going on with the regeneration.
Bless You, Scotty . . . Go, Sulu!
So, like Vizzini said in The Princess Bride, "you must go back to the beginning."
The controls are anywhere between great and adequate. The visuals and fit and finish of the car are what a car costing $55,000 should be.
But holy crap this thing goes like a bat out of hell.
All day today I basically got no work done, as a procession of friends and co-workers showed up or were invited for a ride. Some singly, sometimes in groups of three.
My very staid, imperturbable (Vulcan-esque, to continue the Trek metaphors) manager? Giggled uncontrollably after I stopped at the exit to out factory and pushed the pedal to the floor. Mildly uphill, then a right-left fade around the corner, then a bit of straight followed by a wide right turn, ending at a stop sign and T-intersection. And remember: wet road. Pretty much no one was prepared for the off-the-line acceleration, which was even impressive with three passengers in the car. Despite my best efforts, in maybe 10 trips around a 2-mile stretch of road, I was only able to make the car let go of the road at all twice. And I tried. Recovery was smooth and easy with applied power and without.
Model 3 Battery Pack Covers the Floor
Guess that's what happens when you put 1,000 lbs of battery (about 28% of the total weight of the car) spread over the vehicle's entire floor. Really stable. I'd be interested in objective data on roll-over g-forces required for the WRX vs the Model 3, but wow, I was expecting a lot more slip-and-slide out of the car, especially on wet pavement.
Every single passenger was impressed by the vehicle's performance. Including me. And my wife.
Given that I already have two gas vehicles, replacing one of them with a Model 3 would be a luxury upgrade but a worthy one. I tend to the frugal and practical when it comes to my big purchases, but darn, this is a nifty car. And I thought that before I knew that there is an AWD version (and a Performance AWD version at that!) available, because Minnesota and All-Wheel Drive go together like peanut butter and jelly.
The Twin Cities is not Houston. From top to bottom it's not that many miles, and my WRX with a 300-mile range lasts for about a week or so on a tank of gas. With my usual driving pattern and an in-garage charger (6 hours to a full charge), I would effectively never have to worry about stopping for a recharge around Minneapolis. Ever. I could basically go back and forth to Duluth if I wanted to, and since when I visit friends there I stay the night, a one-hour stop at the super-charger there for dinner would allow much tooling about town should it be needed.
It's a big purchase. Effectively $1,000 per month for five years or so. But in terms of driving pleasure, it's an amazing car, and I'm saying this as a guy who loves his 6-speed. Whether screaming around corners or in stop and go traffic it's equally comfortable, which is a neat trick.
Wishful Thinking in this Garage
The AWD fixes the biggest worry I have about a car like this (winter/ice driving); a software patch would fix the wiper thing and bring a bit more HOTAS (hands on throttle and stick, from jet fighter game days) to the car and not have you take your eyes from the road for that mundane task. A wished-for HUD (and it wasn't just me; most of my passengers made the same comment) would fix the last niggling issue.
My wife gave me an inspired gift for my birthday, and while she gets to pick the next car, I suspect that the Model 3 might be on the list. If so, we'll have to discuss actively who gets to drive it each day.
That'll be fun too.
If I lick it, its mine, right?
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WorldWide Solar Cell Production Growth Flattens but still Gigantic in 2011
Visit http://www.photon.info for further information
Photon International Market Survey Reveals Chinese Companies dominate top 10
AACHEN, GERMANY, Mar 26, 2012 (MARKETWIRE via COMTEX) -- Global PV cell production grew to an impressive 37.2 GW in 2011, according to a market survey by PHOTON International - The Solar Power Magazine, for a 36-percent increase over the 27.4 GW produced in 2010.
But the annual survey also reveals a dramatic reduction in year-on-year growth. Compared to a record 120-percent jump in 2010, the 2011 cell output was the PV industry's lowest growth rate since a 34-percent increase in 2003. The survey also shows a continuation of Asian dominance, with six Chinese manufacturers in the top 10 - with Suntech Power in first place for the second year in a row - and two from Taiwan. For the first time since PHOTON International began surveying solar cell producers, the top 10 did not include any solar cell producers from Europe or Japan.
"The days of solar cell production in western countries are numbered," says Michael Schmela, editor-in-chief of PHOTON International. "Like other commodities, solar cell production will continue its rapid shift to low-labor-cost countries in Asia, especially China." In 2008, only 33 percent of solar cells were made in China, a share that grew to an impressive over 57 percent in 2011.
The shift in cell manufacturing to Asia will get a further push as consolidation increased momentum in 2011, when demand - which the most optimistic analysts estimate was around 28 GW last year - could not catch up with supply. While consolidation has primarily hit Western companies so far, resulting in the first large bankruptcies and job cuts at many production plants, the strong decrease in product prices has affected companies across the board, including Asian cell manufacturers, even causing several of the smaller ones to stop production. "PV companies had better find partners, new parents or subsidiaries to be able to develop new business streams and expand into up-and-coming solar markets. Otherwise they won't have the strength to weather the storm," says Schmela.
With many of the major markets preparing for cuts in their solar funding programs, the imbalance in supply and demand won't change in the short term. Cell producers are still predicting a combined production of around 52.5 GW in 2012 - a 41-percent growth year-on-year. Overall, they are planning to increase capacities by 19 percent to around 69 GW in 2012, after raising capacity by 57 percent to nearly 58 GW by the end of 2011. "While the cell makers' ambitions to expand are much more modest than a year ago, the real production number will not likely increase much beyond 37 GW, if at all," says Schmela. But much, he adds, depends on how the two major markets - Germany and Italy - finally revise their funding schemes.
Chinese cell manufacturers will continue to dominate in 2012, probably taking over the first five places in the rankings. The two Western companies - First Solar Inc. and SunPower Corp., both headquartered in the US - that are likely to remain in the top 10 not only will descend the ladder, both will produce the majority of their cells in Asia.
The full survey on cell production 2011 is available in the March issue of PHOTON International.
Further details and an outlook on solar supply and demand will be discussed at PHOTON's 7th PV Investors Conference on March 27, 2012, in Berlin. The event is part of PHOTON's Solar Terawatt-hours Conference Series Europe 2012, taking place from March 26-28, which includes conferences on silicon, inverters, PV safety, solar electric utilities and production equipment.
About PHOTON group
Started as a publisher in the field of phototovolatics, the PHOTON Group, headquartered in Aachen, Germany, is active today in providing comprehensive information on solar power generation. The photovoltaic magazines are published in English, Chinese, French, German, Italian and Spanish. In addition, the PHOTON Group organizes international conferences, seminars and workshops on specific photovoltaics topics. PHOTON Lab verifies the quality of solar components and PHOTON Consulting advises industry and government. The PHOTON Group has approximately 240 employees, with offices in Aachen, Athens, Berlin, Boston, Hong Kong, Hyderabad, Madrid, New York, Paris, Rome and San Francisco. Further information is available at: www.photon.info .
The publishing group maintains offices in Athens, Berlin, Boston, Hong Kong, Hyderabad, Madrid, New York, Paris, Rome and San Francisco.
Sierra Instruments, Inc.- MASTER your Flow Energy!
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AFC Darwen Reserves earned their first home point of the season when they drew with promotion chasing Chaddertonians at the WEC Anchor Ground. Manager Simon Littler introduced new signings Connor Bellamy and Jacob Sauverain into the team but will be disappointed that defensive lapses again cost the team victory which they would have fully deserved.
The first effort of the game came in the second minute when a Chaddertonians free kick was easily gathered by Josh Cosgrove. Play was mainly confined to the mid field, but in the ninth minute another chance for the visitors was cleared off the line. It took until the eleventh minute for the home side to muster an effort but this was wide of the goal. Two minutes later the visitors were ahead through a penalty from David Jackson after a Chaddertonians forward was felled in the box. Worse was to follow for Darwen shortly afterwards when an intended back pass was left woefully short and a Chaddertonians player nipped in and set up Tom Arnold to fire home. Gradually Darwen began to dominate the game and in the twentieth minute an effort from Jack Beech was saved the visitors keeper, this was followed by a scrambling save from their keeper from an effort from Cameron Austin after being set up by Danny Taylor. Two minutes later a Danny Taylor free kick was easily saved by the keeper. However Darwen's persistence paid off in the twenty seventh minute when an excellent cross from Jack Beech was turned in at the far post by Cameron Austin. Darwen were now well on top with the visitors relying on breakaways to relieve the pressure. The deserved equaliser came in the thirty ninth minute when Scott Walsh headed home from a corner. Two minutes from the break a Jack Beech was again scrambled away by the keeper and from the resulting corner another effort went over the bar. On the stroke of half time the visitors had a chance to edge ahead but Josh Cosgrove saved the effort to leave the sides level at half time.
As in the first half all the early play was confined to mid field with both sides struggling to create any clear cut chances. The first effort of the half came in the fifty first minute to the visitors but a weak shot was easily saved by Josh Cosgrove. The visitors still looked dangerous on the break and a dangerous cross was cut out by Josh Cosgrove, he then pulled off an excellent save in the sixty fourth minute to keep the scores level. Darwen went ahead in the seventy fifth minute with a penalty from Danny Taylor after a goal bound shot from Elliott Welsh was handled in the area despite the protests from the visitors. Almost immediately Darwen had another chance to extend their lead when Danny Taylor was played through by Scott Walsh but Chaddertonians keeper made a brave save at his feet to deny him. With nine minutes remaining the visitors were reduced to ten men when Jay Mehmet was sent off for using foul and abusive language towards the referee. Darwen then had a goal from Danny Taylor disallowed for offside which brought protests from the Darwen players. Chaddertonians equalised in the eighty fifth minute when the ball found its way to Connor Hall in acres of space in the are and he made no mistake. The last chance of the game fell to Darwen but Danny Taylor pulled his effort wide of the post from just inside the area to leave the sides to share the points.
1. Josh Cosgrove, 2. Casey McLellan, 3. Matthew Fenton, 4. Elliott Welsh, 5. Fenton Brown, 6. Connor Bellman, 7. Scott Walsh, 8. Jacob Sauverain, 9. Danny Taylor, 10. Cameron Austin, 11. Jack Beech. Subs. 12. Jorge Hayhurst, 14. Chris Mbeka, 15. Matthew Halsall.


text:
COVID-19 PH DASHBOARD
SUPER TYPHOON ODETTE
PHILSTAR VIDEOS
NEWS COMMENTARIES
headlines==
'PWDs more prone to abuse': Suspect in rape-killing of special needs girl in Quezon killed
Franco Luna - Philstar.com
February 27, 2020 | 6:36pm
Image shows the International Symbol of Access, also known as the (International) Wheelchair Symbol.
Photo by Charles on Unsplash
MANILA, Philippines — A pedophile and rapist linked to the killing of a 10-year-old autistic girl was killed by police in Tagkawayan, Quezon province on Wednesday after he supposedly resisted arrest.
According to police reports, Mauro Gravamen, 52, was cornered by police officers at his hideout, where he attempted to throw a grenade at them before he was put down in self-defense.
Groups say House reps' slamming of PWD card abuse exposes holes in disability legislation. Here's how
De Lima files bill empowering disability council on int'l day of PWDs
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Police said the man was the principal suspect in the rape-killing of Grade 5 student Kaycee Oabel that occured on Friday, February 21, after she went missing the day before.
Reports said the girl had been raped both before and after her death, which was linked to signs of severe trauma to her face.
"We saw there were signs that she was hit hard in the face," Police Master Sergeant Aurelia Garcela from Tayabas Child Protective Services said.
'PWDs believed to be helpless'
Autism is classified as a developmental disability and qualifies one to avail of a PWD (person with disability) ID.
More than the victim's age, it was her ailment that made the crime much more chilling. But this is not uncommon: a 2015 study by the United States Department of Justice found that the disabled are more likely to fall victim to violent crimes than non-disabled people.
"Persons with disabilities experienced 1.3 million violent victimizations, accounting for 21% of all violent victimization," the study said.
This statistic is only worsened once gender is factored in. According to a submission to an Australian Senate committee, a troubling 90% of women with intellectual disabilities have been sexually assaulted, with more than two-thirds, or 68% of them happening before they even turn 18.
Closer to home, a 2013 report by NGO Philippine Coalition on the U.N. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities submitted to the United Nations admits, "Describing the overall situation of human rights reveals violations of civil, political, cultural and economic rights as undeniable realities in the lives of many persons with disabilities."
"It is true that PWDs are more prone to abuse and more likely to be victims of crimes against chastity and property," Organization for Pinoys with Disabilities Inc., or PWD Philippines President Arpee Lazaro told Philstar.com in a text exchange, referring to the girl.
"Problema yan ng lahat ng PWD," Lazaro said.
"That's because many think that they [can] pick on PWDs because PWDs are believed to be helpless due to their condition."
'Needs are rarely considered in policy'
Disability legislation does little to alleviate this. Although the Safe Spaces Act and the pending SOGIE Bill nuance existing laws by penalizing abuse and discrimination that were committed on the basis of gender, no laws yet exist outlawing disability-based violence.
A study published in 2016 by Gender & Development also points this out, saying in its abstract, "The Philippines has developed a range of national laws, policies, and programmes in response to violence against women and girls (VAWG). However, as elsewhere, the needs and experiences of women with disabilities are rarely considered in government policies or development activities."
For Philippine contemporaries, similar laws are condensed into one. Around the world, there exists legislation prohibiting discrimination based on age, disability, gender reassignment, marriage and civil partnership, pregnancy and maternity, race, religion and belief, sex and sexual orientation. These include Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 in the United States and the United Kingdom's Equality Act 2010
These are just a number of problems further paralyzing the disability community and its plight. Despite the state's commitment to the mainstreaming of the disabled in society, the community continues to suffer from a lack of government protection. The existing stigma affects the quality of their employment and the securing of their state-guaranteed benefits, among many other facets.
"PWDs are [also] not considered as credible witnesses for crimes against ther person especially those with psychosocial disabilities. PWDs are considered to be unreliable and unable to identify properly when accusing a suspect, especially those with visual and hearing disabilities," Lazaro said, saying these only contributed to the likelihood that of PWDs falling victim to similar crimes.
DISABILITY LEGISLATION EXPLAINER PERSONS WITH DISABILITY PWDS
Comelec junks petition to cancel Marcos' COC
This clears Marcos of another legal challenge filed to block his presidential bid.
UP researchers recommend lagundi for COVID-19 patients
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Science Secretary Fortunato dela Peña has urged those afflicted with COVID-19 who are taking lagundi to follow the...
A guide to getting a booster shot after COVID-19 infection
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DOTr says no tickets just yet in first day of 'no vax, no ride' implementation
By Franco Luna | 11 hours ago
"We are just warning about PUV's today. We are not stamped. 'Those on bikes, Task Force Discipline of the QC LGU are...
DOLE urges paid quarantine, isolation leave for workers
Quarantine can last for two weeks and isolation can take as long as three weeks depending on vaccination status and the severity...
House approves HR defenders bill
By Delon Porcalla | 2 hours ago
The House of Representatives hit the ground running yesterday with the three-week resumption of sessions by approving on third...
Moreno proposes drive-thru vaccination sites at toll booths
By Marc Jayson Cayabyab | 2 hours ago
Manila Mayor Isko Moreno yesterday urged the government and private sector to use the toll booths in expressways as drive-thru...
Biz groups urge Congress to ratify transport safety bill
By Louella Desiderio | 2 hours ago
Foreign business groups are urging Congress to approve a bill that would create a body to probe transportation-related accidents...
Go lauds DOH for Basic Kalinga Kit for COVID-19 patients
The Basic Kalinga Kit for COVID-19 patients program is a big step toward protecting Filipinos from the virus, Sen. Bong Go said yesterday.
Commuters might soon see gov't bike share system, end-of-trip bike facilities
Heading into 2022, the DOTr will have two billion pesos for active transportation alone in the General Appropriation...


Hanger Steak with Chimichurri Sauce: Juicy grilled Hanger Steak and a zesty cilantro mint Chimichurri Sauce.
Holidays can be busy and chaotic. But if there was ever a day to relax with the family, its Father's Day.
My dad and my husband both love to celebrate their special day in a leisurely fashion. Sit on the deck, watch some sports, take a casual hike, enjoy a relaxed meal. We always plan Father's Day to be a day of ease.
So that means preparing an eas-y meal, right?
Easy doesn't have to be mundane. This beautifully charred hanger steak with a bold chimichurri sauce recipe is a wonderful way to honor dad. It takes only minutes to make and will have the whole family awestruck by it's vibrant flavor.
Dad will love it, guaranteed.
So what is a hanger steak?
A hanger steak hangs below the lower rib area on the cow, hence the name. Texturally, the hanger steak is similar to a flank steak or skirt steak, so it's great to cook quickly over high heat, then sliced thin to combat toughness. In the past it was known as the "butcher's cut" because it is so flavorful for a lesser cut of meat, that the butcher's would keep it for themselves.
I love hanger steak because of it's rich beefy flavor and thick loin shape, but you could definitely substitute flank, skirt, even a flat iron steak in this recipe.
Traditional chimichurri sauce is an Argentinian recipe with parsley, olive oil, garlic and lots of spice. Its smoky, bright and herby and literally tastes good on everything.
I have a traditional chimichurri recipe here, but today's chimichurri sauce omits the parsley and is loaded with fresh cilantro and mint to intensify the flavor. The combination of the garlic, cilantro, mint, red wine vinegar, cumin and crushed red pepper accentuates the beefy flavor of the hanger steak and offers a pop of freshness.
Dad's Hanger Steak with Chimichurri Sauce dinner is made perfect by the addition of Bush's Texas Ranchero Grillin' Beans. These zippy beans taste amazing straight out of the can with a rich red chile sauce and jalapenos. Holidays are a great time to count on a favorite go-to side like Grillin' Beans, so you can enjoy more time with your family.
Grilled tender hanger steak smothered in vibrant tangy cilantro mint chimichurri recipe.
Preheat the grill to high heat. Sprinkle the hanger steaks with salt and pepper on all sides.
Meanwhile, place all the ingredients for the chimichurri recipe in the food processor. Puree until mostly smooth.
Slice the hanger steak into 1/2 inch pieces and serve warm with chimichurri sauce drizzled over the top with side of Bush's Texas Ranchero Grillin' Beans.
Disclosure: This post is sponsored by Bush's Beans. All opinions are my own. These are killer beans folks!
Awesome post with a lot of making recipes at home with your guidance videos & ingredients quantity.
Yummy! The chimichurri sauce looks killer.
Can I pretend to be a father just to get this?
I've never made chimichurri–I've always been intimidated by it. I think it's time I tackle it. This meal looks fab!
looks great! I love chimichurri!
Gorgeous photos, Sommer! You cooked that steak to perfection. I know my husband would adore this meal on Father's Day – steak, grillin' beans and all!
Funny you mention Father's Day…I've been thinking of what I could do for my pop and truth be told, he'd probably enjoy a good steak meal much better than any material gift. Thanks for a GREAT idea!
I love the Chimichurri Sauce, it sounds fantastic! My Husband would love this dish for Father's Day!!!
Really want to try the chimichurri sauce! Great cookout meal!
This is one good looking meal & the chimichurri sauce looks incredible!
Looks incredible Sommer! I love the chimi sauce. Happy Friday!!
So funny, but I went to bed thinking of chimichurri sauce last night. I know, normal.
I have got to make this, my mint and culantro are doing very well right now, would love this on some fish as well!! Yum girl!
i have yet to try chimichurri! it looks so good and flavorful…i need to get on that!
That steak lookss perfectly cooked and I'm drooling over the chimichurri!
I love chimichurri on steak! I know my husband would love this for Father's Day.


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October 31: Saint Wolfgang of Ratisbon
October 30: Saint Alphonsus Rodriguez
October 29: Saint Narcissus, "the Holy Priest"
October 28: Feast of Saints Simon and Jude
October 27: Saint Frumentius of Ethiopia
October 26: Pope Saint Evaristus
October 25: Saint Antônio de Sant'Anna Galvão
October 24: Saint Anthony Mary Claret
October 23: Saint John of Capistrano, the "Soldier...
October 22: Blessed Alix Le Clerc
October 21: Saint Gaspar del Bufalo
October 20: Saint Maria Bertilla Boscardin
October 19: Saint Isaac Jogues & Seven North Ameri...
October 18: Saint Luke the Evangelist
October 17: Saint Ignatius of Antioch
October 16: Saint Marguerite d'Youville
Saint Teresa of Avila: "Hallowed Be Thy Name, Thy ...
Saint Teresa of Avila: "Friendship with Jesus"
Saint Teresa of Avila: General Audience of Pope Be...
Saint Teresa of Avila: Selected Quotations
October 15: Saint Teresa of Avila
October 14: Pope Saint Callistus I
October 13: Saint Edward the Confessor
October 12: Saint Serafino of Montegranaro
October 11: Saint Gummarus
October 10: Saint Francis Borgia
October 9: Saint John Leonardi
October 8: Feast of Two Saint Pelagias
Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary
October 6: Saint Bruno of Cologne
October 5: Saint Faustina
October 4: Saint Francis of Assisi
October 3: Saint Mother Théodore Guérin
October 2: Saint Leger of Autun
October 1: Holy Protection of the Mother of God, T...
"Let God be your love around."
Today, October 22, we celebrate the feast day of Blessed Alix Le Clerc (1576-1622), foundress of the Augustinian Canonesses of the Congregation of Our Lady. Dedicated to educating poor young girls and women, tending to the needs of the poor, and serving their communities, the congregation continues its good work today. Blessed Alix endured opposition and suffering during her lifetime, but the steadfast work of her hands endures, creating positive change in the world!
Born at Remiremont, Lorraine in France to a solid, well-respected family, little is known about her childhood. By her own report, Alix had first lived recklessly. She said "I had so much company of vanity and youth ... I loved to dance hard." As she entered her late adolescence, the family moved due to her father's illness and their search for a cure. There, in Hymont, her life would be changed by the Lord.
The historian who recorded her life described Alix as: "sweet-natured and easygoing, approachable, pleasant, with a modesty which inspired admiration, along with some seriousness, grace and gentleness that made her fear and love. Her presence gave the respect and restraint to those who conversed with her. She was tall, straight and well made, a little blond, white and delicate complexion, blue eyes, the nose long enough, beautiful mouth, but a little flat, mind and judgment healthy, strong and wise restraint in his words, in a quiet mood and always equal." (translated from the French).
Despite her worldly ways, Alix felt drawn to the internal and contemplative. She began experiencing vivid dreams, which drew her closer and closer to the Lord. Eventually, Alix consecrated herself to God, pledging her virginity, and devoting herself to His service. "When I prayed to God," she said, "I always felt in my mind that I should make a new home for girls to practice all the good we could." Later, she had a vision in which she picked up from the fields the small straws abandoned by others, while her neighbors looked on with contempt. She then heard a voice, which told her "I want these little souls who are like children abandoned by their mothers. Now you have a mission." She subsequently had a profound vision of Mary, the Mother of God, calling her to missionary work. She was also gifted with conversations with angels.
At the same time that Alix was experiencing her visions and dreams, she met Saint Peter Fourier, who became her spiritual director. His sermons encouraged her to confide in him her visions and her calling to establish a foundation under his direction. "Where will you find companies that want to join you?" he challenged her. Alix recruited three friends, who, together wished to give their lives to God, live together, pray together, and educated the little girls who the current French educational system was ignoring.
On Christmas Eve, 1597, the young women dedicated themselves publicly to Our Lady, beginning " the gathering of our Lady: Canonesses" in the church at Mattaincourt. For his part, Alix's father was opposed to her involvement in a new order, and insisted that she instead join the convent at Ormes. Ever obedient, Alix followed his direction, but was unimpressed by the secular atmosphere at the convent. As a wealthy benefactress gave
Alix a house to serve as the motherhouse of her order, she left the convent to begin her foundation. For twenty-five years, along with Peter Fourier, Alix lived the difficulties of the first foundation's struggle to maintain the spirit of the original project, participated in the development of the constitutions of the congregation, traveled and established new homes, and worked tirelessly in service to the Lord. Due to the pronounced opposition the order received friends, family, and ecclesiastical authorities, her mantra to her sisters became: "Let God be your love around." In 1616 they received two papal bulls from Rome, formally approving the Augustinian Canonesses of the Congregation of Our Lady.
Sadly, after her hard work, Alix was to experience rejection and suffering during the last years of her life. Differences regarding what the bulls granted, and internal strife within the Order, caused Father Fourier to replace Alix as superioress of the Congregation. Shortly before her death, she gathered her sisters before her and said to them: "I remember you all before God. For your part, keep always in the most perfect union, exercising charity towards each other, for charity and unity are the only ways to keep your order." She died in her convent at Nancy on January 9, and was beatified in 1947. Her remains rest in the chapel of Notre-Dame at Alix.
Today, there are 31 monasteries and schools of Notre Dame across Europe. The Order has also extended to Brazil, Vietnam, Congo, Hong Kong, and Mexico. The sisters of the Order continue the educational charism of their founders, educating the poor in the ways of math, science, and language—as well as the gift of Christ—around the world.
We are reminded today, as we commemorate Blessed Alix Le Clerc, that our mission in the world can be quite simple, can come at any time, and can make a profound difference. As we look around our communities, where can we be making a difference? The poor, the marginalized, the homeless, the ill, the judged unfairly? We are each called to make a difference in the lives of others by reflecting the Light of Christ, giving of ourselves, and serving those in need. What more could we be doing?
Prayer Intentions: Social Justice; Hearts of Service
| Labels: Blessed, Charity, Feast Day, Service, Social Justice


If you have any questions or would like more information about any of our products, please feel free to contact us. We'd love to hear from you!
Copyright © 2010-2017 Tennis Rakes Solutions All rights reserved.


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"life on the curve" is 1010's catchy lit tle slogan, but the old firestone store, which it replaced, was a very much cooler building----
from a gen y human, as quoted on andrewsullivan:
I'll just put that out there. If Obama is done in by this whole Wright thing I am done with politics. I can't invest myself in something that is so sure to disappoint me time and time and time again. If the Democratic party decides that it can not risk nominating a great and decent African American man because his pastor is a scary African American man, it does not deserve power because it will have caved to what is worst about America. Racists on both sides of the divide will rejoice at having taking down the biggest threat to their belief system since Martin Luther King....and young people like myself will burrow deeper into to the holes we were in before Barack Obama dug us out.
NEW YORK - The for-sale listings on the online hub Craigslist come with plaintive notices, like the one from the teenager in Georgia who said her mother lost her job and pleaded, "Please buy anything you can to help out."
obama on "rev." wright
i don't know what else he can do----wright is clearly a total idiot
viewpoint appears to be finished, and i've even seen a few lights on at night, but no other signs of life---the store fronts are all dressed up with no place to go---
the palomar hotel, which dog is completely ignoring, is about halfway to the top---
mockingbirds are the best and have great names in english and in latin----there was always one on sinclair avenue who would wake me up some spring mornings, since they like to sing at 4 in the morning--- when i moved, it was good to hear one over here my first spring---since then i've seen and heard him a lot---he and/or she even stopped on my balcony railing for a brief moment one day---now the bird is apparently nesting in the trees and shrubs at the back of the old bank lot----it was dive bombing guinness, and as i was watching him raising hell on top of the wall at the back of the property, this woman stopped and asked if it was the bird "that liked to touch people"---i said it might have a nest, just as a second guy stopped to say the bird had pecked him on the head---when i told robert he said it had rushed at him the other day, too---they are fierce defenders of their nests, as all the poor people schlepping back and forth to the marta station must be finding out---
evolving landmarks
peachtree place was laid out in 1895 with a one block landscaped median (north avenue had a similar feature at one time as well)---the margaret mitchell house was built in 1899 in what was then the middle of the block and was the first building on the block---in 1902, willis denny, architect of rhodes hall, among others, designed a great classical revival house that was built on the south end of the block---the margaret mitchell house is visible in the background, the only historic image of the house on its original location that has been found---
commercial development of the Peachtree Street frontage began in 1904 while houses were built on both sides of the Crescent Apartments in 1905----another apartment building and more stores were constructed on the peachtree side of the block in 1906, and in 1913, the margaret mitchell house was moved to the rear of its lot and reoriented with a crescent avenue address so that the peachtree street frontage could be developed commercially----in 1919 the house was converted into the ten-unit crescent apartments----five years later, the classical revival house at the south end of the block was knocked down for construction of a new a & p grocery store----by then the block was almost completely built up, with residences on crescent avenue and a theater and retail stores on peachtree and peachtree place---in 1954, the theater at the corner of Peachtree and Tenth and the two houses just north of the Crescent Apartments were demolished in order to widen Tenth Street to eliminate one of the dog-legs that impeded automobile traffic and low-rise office building replaced the two houses on crescent just south of the margaret mitchell house---in the mid-1980s, everything but the mitchell house and the 1924 commercial row that is now proposed for landmark status were demolished, which created a scene that mitchell herself would not recognize----
crescent avenue
Before the Federal Reserve Bank was constructed in 2001, Crescent Avenue, the street that bisects the Atlanta History Center's property, actually formed a crescent and it was apparent how it had once been a portion of an earlier alignment of Peachtree Street when it was still a country wagon road. Older than the city itself, the road followed the topography and originally looped around a deep ravine where the bank now sits. In the wake of the Civil War, a shanty town evolved around the gulch, gaining notoriety 1867, when John Plaster and Jerome Cheshire, sons of two of the old pioneers in the area, were assaulted. Plaster's death and Cheshire's serious injury provoked a large public outcry, and there were vigilante efforts to clean up the area. It was noted that it could be "a mighty tight squeeze getting through there with your life," giving rise to the area's nickname, Tight Squeeze. By 1872, there was a church at the intersection of Peachtree Road and Plaster Bridge Road (near present Eighth Street) along with a wagon yard, a blacksmith shop, several small wooden stores, and "the Tight Squeezers up and down the gulch."
As the city grew in the 1880s, suburban development began to occur, especially after the city's exposition grounds were opened at Piedmont Park in 1887. As part of the preparations for the first exposition, the gulch at Tight Squeeze was filled and Peachtree Road realigned between Eighth and Twelfth Streets. By 1900, the old portion of the road had become Crescent Avenue.
now ain't that inneresting?
Excellent news for the view: the Atlanta History Center, which now owns and operates the Margaret Mitchell House, has apparently finalized their plans for the property. They are reported to have sold the parking lot and c. 1960 bank building, where the Tara entranceway is on display, for $7 million, which will form an endowment for the Margaret Mitchell House. A condo or office building will go up on the site but is supposed to be limited to 12 stories. In addition, they are transferring, presumably for a good bit of money, development rights for the 1920s commercial row where the visitor center is now located. It will be designated a city landmark, giving it the same protection as the Margaret Mitchell House itself. On the south side of Peachtree Place, the Palmer Apartments (1907) and Phelan Court Apartments (1915), some of the city's earliest apartment buildings, are also protected as city landmarks. The landscaped median in the first block of Peachtree Place is historic, too, completing an excellent little historic district that I walk through almost every day. Hearings on the rezoning that will make all that happen are scheduled for May.
the american free-enterprise system at work
Pathetic. This is really supposed to be news...for the better? If you listened to Republicans talk you would think they actually liked the free market but if you believed them, you would be sadly mistaken.
Qwest Communications International Inc. on Thursday introduced DSL plans with faster download speeds, including one that is the fastest DSL service from a major U.S. phone company.
Qwest is charging $104.99 per month for a download speed of 20 megabits per second. For 12 mbps, it is charging $51.99 per month. The prices are $5 lower when combined with local phone service.
Compare this "great" offer to what I just signed in France, which we all know hates choice and hates the free market, according to the GOP. For €53 per month I receive a 100 mbps internet connection plus phone calls throughout Europe and North America plus TV channels. In local terms for local buyers one euro is one dollar but even with the terrible exchange rate this is a steal compared to the business friendly market in the US. The Republicans only care about giving business everything they want, always at the expense of consumers. It's hard to believe the GOP could do so much damage to the previously competitive US market.
dexter and guinness are the featured critters on AARF's "happy tails"---check it out
bumbot
ATLANTA - Cars passing O'Terrill's pub screech to a halt at the sight of a 300-pound, waist-high robot marked "SECURITY" rolling through downtown long after dark.The regulars hardly glance outside. They've seen bar owner Rufus Terrill's invention on patrol before — its bright red lights and even brighter spot light blazing, infrared video camera filming and water cannon at the ready in the spinning turret on top.
we no longer have a functioning free press, which you have to have in order to have a functioning democracy---foxs "news" is, and for most of its existence always has been, nothing but the mouthpiece for corporate/republican america---and for untold millions this is their only source of news---they are sharpening their knives for obama---watch this if you don't believe me:
the plutocracy
If Barack Obama or anyone else really cares to know what I think, I will simplify it all down to this. The landmark political fact of our time is the replacement of our middle-class republic by a plutocracy. If some candidate has a scheme to reverse this trend, they've got my vote, whether they prefer Courvoisier or beer bongs spiked with cough syrup. I don't care whether they enjoy my books, or would rather have every scrap of paper bearing my writing loaded into a C-47 and dumped into Lake Michigan. If it will help restore the land of relative equality I was born in, I'll fly the plane myself.
Thomas Frank,WSJ, today
he got it right before and he got it right today----his book what's the matter with kansas was excellent, i thought---it's just so messed up how people let themselves be manipulated over flag pins and queers or whatever-----
new politics
sharpton and robertson together for wecansolveit.org, a project of Al Gore's Alliance for Climate Protection----kinda leaves one speechless----
building and flowering
they're getting close with 1010----the lowe's hotel is just getting out of the ground---stuff is growing and blooming----
green things
the red oak across the street has been almost fluorescent the last few days
one more from the sixties
procol harum, 1967---back when, a lot of the rocknrollers didn't know what to do with their music---the beginning of art rock
leon russell redux
1964: pre-beard and top hat
joe cocker and leon russell---cry me a river, 1970---
Global food prices have risen because food grains are in short supply. Another strong reason given for this is the shift to biofuel, which are promoted as a green alternative to conventional fuels, like petrol and diesel.
and there are food riots all over the world----as close as mexico---
meanwhile, in haiti, they are eating "cookies" made of dirt, salt, and vegetable oil----
all of that is seriously fukd up---
ikea trains
ikea is decking out trains in kobe---
see, if martha would redecorate, maybe everybody would quit complaining---
now exactly what sort of quest would he have been on in the bushes in central park at 3 oclock in the morning?
Richard Quest, the host of CNN's "Business Traveler" and "Quest" and an international correspondent for the network, is being arraigned today on a misdemeanor drug possession charge after an overnight arrest in New York's Central Park:
holy crap! nephew-in-law daniel, whose chief political influence has been rush limbaugh, is now all for obama---or so he told me, although alexis was asking, "since when?" but he seemed to be serious---now i want to know why, which i didn't get to hear because we got sidetracked into a wierd rant from jeff about how none of it mattered and that all we needed was for people to work together "at the community level," or something---roads, national defense? oh, we'll have to work on that----jeez----
"can the cell phone help end global poverty?" before you laugh, read this piece---reminders of the huge amount of stuff that we totally take for granted----
Those are just names, probably fake names, coupled with real cellphone numbers — lending to Chipchase's theory that in an increasingly transitory world, the cellphone is becoming the one fixed piece of our identity.... Jan Chipchase and his user-research colleagues at Nokia can rattle off example upon example of the cellphone's ability to increase people's productivity and well-being, mostly because of the simple fact that they can be reached.... Over several years, his research team has spoken to rickshaw drivers, prostitutes, shopkeepers, day laborers and farmers, and all of them say more or less the same thing: their income gets a big boost when they have access to a cellphone.
fighting like cats and dogs
i think dexter and guinness are gonna do just fine together----
the dog bed
which is where they found this 37,000-year-old carcass of a baby wooly mammoth----innards all intact---
dog redux
i worried too soon about the dex/guinness dynamic---it's all chasing each other and having a good time already----early this afternoon it was like something snapped and suddenly dexter doesn't think the dog is such a problem after all---they have been running around, playing little dog and cat games---now if we can just keep the pee outside, we'll be all set----
so he's here--------and the name's guinness, thanks to robert------i had been thinking about henry but then decided tyrone would be better----then somebody said something about his being black and tan and robert piped up "guinness," so guinness it is---
a great little dog---kinda skinny, but he'll fatten up---
hasn't gone as smoothly with the dex as i had hoped---guinness hasn't gotten whacked yet, which needs to happen in order to establish proper boundaries, but he has figured out that the cat absolutely does not want to play with him----i'm taking a long weekend and maybe some more next week, hoping the transition will go quickly, he won't whine when i leave, and dexter won't be all freaked out----
the march issue of natl geographic had a wonderful cover story "inside animal minds"---all sorts of animals and how researchers are documenting what all us animal lovers already knew: many of them (all of them?) most certainly have minds and consciousness---including that cow that is now a hamburger----
oh. my. god.
you have never seen anything to compare with this----it gave me chills---chills of awe---
funny stuff here---unless maybe you are a hillary (an hillary?) fan----they have a web site----
this is fascinating---a type of dementia that destroys part of the function of the frontal lobe while opening up vast new worlds of creativity----trouble is it kills you in the end----
Some paintings are meant to be appreciated in silence – but not this one. It is called Unravelling Boléro, by Canadian artist Anne Adams, and is a bar-by-bar representation of the popular classical piece Boléro by Maurice Ravel.
The painting also provides a scientific window into the creative mind.
When Adams completed Unravelling Boléro in 1994, her brain was starting to be affected by a neurodegenerative condition called primary progressive aphasia. It later robbed Adams of speech, and eventually took her life.
In its early stages, however, the condition seemed to unleash a flowering of neural development in a brain area that integrated information from different senses. In part, Unravelling Boléro may be a beautiful symptom of a terrible disease.
this was the first color photograph, taken by James Clerk Maxwell, a Scotsman, in 1861!
Considered the first colour photograph. Maxwell had the photographer Thomas Sutton photograph a tartan ribbon three times, each time with a different colour filter over the lens. The three images were developed and then projected onto a screen with three different projectors, each equipped with the same colour filter used to take its image. When brought into focus, the three images formed a full colour image.
jardin de metropolis
i thought that we had lost a lot of our trees, hit hard by last year's easter freeze and then the drought and water restrictions in the fall---but they are all alive, some just slow to emerge---all this dampness has been great----
landmarks, continued
nearly all of the old bungalows and four-squares west of peachtree are gone----the house on w ptree at 12th (which was some trashy club the last time i went in it, sometime in the last century), along with the row of 1920s commercial buildings just to the north, will be gone as soon as the economy improves----likewise, some of the old trees are still there, for now---the red oak on 12th shaded a fine little bungalow, until a couple of years ago it burned---the tree now shelters the sales office for 1010, rising over it to the east----
the next slums
"For 60 years, Americans have pushed steadily into the suburbs, transforming the landscape and (until recently) leaving cities behind. But today the pendulum is swinging back toward urban living, and there are many reasons to believe this swing will continue. As it does, many low-density suburbs and McMansion subdivisions, including some that are lovely and affluent today, may become what inner cities became in the 1960s and '70s—slums characterized by poverty, crime, and decay. . . .
American metropolitan residential patterns and cultural preferences are mirror opposites of those in the 1940s. Most Americans now live in single-family suburban houses that are segregated from work, shopping, and entertainment; but it is urban life, almost exclusively, that is culturally associated with excitement, freedom, and diverse daily life. And as in the 1940s, the real-estate market has begun to react."
landmarks in midtown
foggy morning
a fitting tribute
Looking to honor the forty-third President of the United States of America, George W. Bush, the recently formed Presidential Memorial Commission of San Francisco is looking to change the name of the Oceanside Wastewater Treatment Facility. It seems the group would like to rename the SF Zoo adjacent facility to the "George W Bush Sewage Plant."
i especially like the plungers----
poor zimbabwe
from today's nytimes----i can't even imagine what their lives must be like----georgia sux sometimes, but nothing like zimbabwe under mugabe----from the continent's richest country and its bread basket to a total wreck in only two decades----


You've done it now, Donald Trump; now Marc Anthony is sassing you.
Singer Marc Anthony lashed out at President Trump via Twitter on Monday, imploring the president to "shut the f–k up" about the NFL, when Puerto Rico is in need of assistance following the devastation of Hurricane Maria.
"Wouldn't you love to see one of these NFL owners, when somebody disrespects our flag, to say, 'Get that son of a b–ch off the field right now. He is fired!'" Trump said Friday at a rally in Alabama.
Clearly, Anthony is singing a different tune.
On Sunday, the singer posted an Instagram video asking his followers to support Puerto Rico.