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Q: (The?) Lions in the zoo are very aggressive
We use a plural count noun with no article if we mean all or any of
  that thing. For example:

Lions are very aggressive.
I don't like lions.

We only use the with general plural nouns when we are referring to
  a specific set within a general class of people or things. For example:

Books are so important in my life. (I mean all books in general.)
The books were all over the floor. (I mean specific books that you and I know.)

Let's say you and I are living in New York. There is only one zoo in NY. You and I know about that zoo but we have never been there.
Should I say

Lions in the zoo are very aggressive. (Lions that are in the zoo are very aggressive)

or

The lions in the zoo are very aggressive. (The lions that are in the zoo are very aggressive)

Similarly, should I say

Students in Accounting class are smart.

or

The students in Accounting class are smart.

A: You can use both phrasings and people will understand what you mean.  The difference is subtle and for this particular sentence does not matter all that much.
"Lions" is a category, as is "Lions in the zoo."  If you make the statement "Lions in the zoo are very aggressive," you are making a statement about every animal that fits in that category.
When we add "the" in such sentences the meaning changes subtly.  "The lions in the zoo" refers to a specific set of lions which we have identified as being in the zoo.  Thus "The lions in the zoo are very aggressive" is a statement about a specific set of animals.
The subtle difference matters if we consider hypothetical scenarios.  Consider a case where we added a new lion to the zoo.  If you said "Lions in the zoo are very aggressive" before adding the new lion, you would expect this new lion to be very aggressive as well because it fits into the category of "lions in the zoo."  If, on the other hand, you had said "The lions in the zoo are very aggressive," you might not be certain if this new lion is aggressive.  It was not part of the original grouping at the time the statement was made.  Maybe this lion is less aggressive.
On the other side of things, if I were to take one of these lions from the zoo and move it elsewhere, and you had said "Lions in the zoo are very aggressive," you might not be certain that this lion would still be aggressive, because it has been moved out of that category.  Maybe they were aggressive because of the environment, and a change in environment changed their aggression.  On the other hand, if you had said "The lions in the zoo are very aggressive," you would expect this lion to remain aggressive, even though it had been moved.  While it is no longer a "lion in the zoo," it is still one of the individual lions referenced in the original statement.
In general, people will apply common sense and their own past experiences when being faced with both of these sentences, so if you get the phrasing wrong, you likely will not run into issues.  At worst you might have to correct yourself if the conversation progresses to talk about moving lions in and out of the zoo.  But if you want to be precise, there is a difference in how we talk about a category of things vs. a specific set of things, the word "the" is how we denote that subtle difference.

A: Lions in the zoo are very aggressive
Can be paraphrased:  When lions are put in a zoo they become aggressive.
You are stating a general fact about lions in zoos everywhere.
"in the zoo" need not refer to a particular zoo, just as "in the hospital" need not refer to a particular hospital. "in the zoo" there can be paraphrased as in captivity.
If you want to say that these lions are unlike other lions found in other zoos, you need to point to this zoo in particular:

The lions in this zoo are very aggressive.

or

Lions in this zoo are very aggressive.

The first refers to those particular lions in captivity in this zoo. The second, without "the", is a more general statement than the first. It is more a statement about what this zoo does to lions than about the particular lions that are there now.  We could add the word "always" and not really change its meaning:

Lions in this zoo are always very aggressive. That has been the case ever since the zoo opened, over 100 years ago. The caged area hasn't changed in size in all that time, and people think it might be too small for the number of lions in captivity here.

A: You made some astute observations about categorizing specific lions vs. lions in general (including in your comments).  You give two pairs of examples at the end of your question.  Both sets are similar and in both sets, either sentence can be correct, depending on what you mean.  I'll stick with lions and add some other examples to clarify.  The key point is that the general context or "setting" of the sentence gives clues as to which version to use, but it is your intended meaning that determines it.
No "the"
Leave out "the" when you refer to lions in a general sense: as a class of animal, or to lions in general, or to quantities of lions that are so large and contain so much diversity that the aggregate does not seem to be a meaningful subset.  "Lions in zoos", or your example of "lions in India", would be such cases.  I'll cover an exception, later.
It is more obvious when you are referring to large, diverse collections of lions, but you can mean "generic" lions even when referring to a relatively small quantity, or a collection of lions that would commonly be viewed as a specific group, like the collection of lions at one zoo.  Some examples:

*

*You could say "Lions at the zoo are well fed", referring to the class of animal.

*If you were, say, a nature photographer and were assigned to get pictures of lions, you would say, "I'm going to the zoo to photograph lions."  In that case you are talking about lions in the general sense, and they happen to be at the zoo.

"The"
If you mean to refer to a specific subset of lions, include the article.  For example, if you are planning a trip to the zoo to observe the collection of lions there, you would say, "I'm going to the zoo to see the lions", referring to that specific collection.  It's not so much whether it's a specific collection of lions, it's the meaning in which you want to refer to them.
I mentioned an exception earlier.  You define a subset if you make a comparison.  For example, if you were comparing lions in zoos to lions not in captivity, that distinction creates specific lions that you are referring to.  In that case, you would say "the lions in zoos" to differentiate them.  if you were comparing Indian lions to lions in America, you are defining each of those groups as a specific subset, so you would use "the lions in India" in that context to differentiate them.
Ambiguity
The specificity of "the" can actually introduce ambiguity if you use it in a way that isn't consistent with what seems like the obvious context of the sentence, or to match apparent specificity when that is contrary to your meaning.  A few examples:
When you refer to huge aggregates of lions, like all lions in India, we tend not to think of them as a specific group, so we don't expect to see an article.  If you include an article, people will infer a reason.  If you say, "the lions in India", people will assume that you mean to differentiate those lions from some other lions, even if it was not your intention to make a comparison.
Take the earlier example of "lions at the zoo are well fed."  That would unambiguously refer to lions as a class of animal.  The sentence also qualifies that statement as talking about the ones at that zoo, so you don't really need "the" to establish specificity.
If instead, you use, "the lions at the zoo are well fed", it isn't clear whether "the" is an unnecessary, redundant reference to the specific collection of lions at that zoo.  "The" can also be added to make a comparison. So perhaps "the" differentiates how well the lions are fed compared to some other types of animals at the zoo.  "The lions at the zoo are well fed; the monkeys aren't so lucky."
Your examples

Lions in the zoo are very aggressive.

or

The lions in the zoo are very aggressive.

The first example refers to the case in your comment of general lions at a specific zoo.  It refers generically to the class of animal.  It could have a number of meanings, though, depending on how you interpret the rest of the sentence.  For example:

Lions in the [or "a"] zoo are very aggressive, just like lions in the wild. or
Lions in the [or "a"] zoo are very aggressive, unlike lions in the wild. or
Lions in that particular zoo are very aggressive, unlike lions at other zoos.

Note that in the first two examples, "zoo" is being used to draw a comparison to non-zoos.  So "the" can mean differentiation rather than reference to that specific zoo, in which case, "a" would have the same meaning of referring to any zoo.
The second example refers to the specific lions at that zoo.  It could similarly have a number of meanings, though, depending on how you interpret the rest of the sentence.  For example:

Those particular lions are very aggressive compared to lions at other zoos, or lions in the wild.
The lions at that zoo are very aggressive compared to some other animals at that zoo.

A: Because you are talking about the lions in the NY zoo, you should use the article. (Otherwise, your sentence makes it sound like you are talking about all lions at all zoos.)
As for the accounting example, if you are talking about a specific course at an institution, or a particular section, use the definite article:

The students in Accounting 101 are smart.

However, if you are talking about a group of students more broadly (i.e., engineering students at Oxford, Princeton, Winthrop, McGill, etc.), then leave the article out:

Students in nuclear engineering are smart.

As for your comment, about the lions in India, I see that as middle ground. You can say:

The lions in India are very aggressive.

because you are talking about a specific group of lions – the ones in India. However, you can also omit the article:

Lions in India are very aggressive.

because when we talk about a species of animal in general, it's okay to omit the article. (That's why we can say things like, "Elephants are heavy," or "Cheetahs are fast.") The phrase lions in India refers to a set that is broad enough to be referred to generally (no article), or subset narrow enough to include an article.

A: There's some subtle difference.
If we're excited to go, but you cautiously say:

Lions in the zoo are very aggressive.

This sounds more general.  I would get the idea that something about being in zoos tends to make lions more aggressive. There's a notion that this applies to all lions, and possibly all zoos.

The lions in the zoo are very aggressive.

This sounds more specific. I would get the idea that perhaps the zoo had a string of bad luck and aquired a set of particularly aggressive lions. There's a notion that this caution only applies to the specific lions currently inhabiting the zoo in New York.
Similarly with your second example:

Students in Accounting class are smart.

Perhaps Accounting class is difficult to get into, or something else about it tends to result in smart students enrolling in the accounting class. This makes it seem like the class has a reputation for either attracting or only allowing smart students.

The students in Accounting class are smart.

This makes it seem like you've met or observed the students currently enrolled in the accounting class, and got the impression they are bright. The presence of "the" strongly implies you are talking about a specific group of people, and not stating a general rule.
I can give a third example:

The shows on The History Channel are silly.

Whatever shows The History Channel is currently airing are silly.

Shows on The History Channel are silly.

The History Channel almost always airs only shows that are silly. In general, if you hear that a new show is coming to The History Channel, you would assume it was silly because "shows on The History Channel are silly," as a rule.

A: If you say "the zoo", you should probably say "the lions". "In the zoo" is a restriction on the general noun (if it wasn't, you wouldn't have to add it at all). Of course that's still a generalization.
Compare that with "Lions in India are very aggressive", which is slightly wrong, I guess, because adverbials of location should come at the end of a sentence as indirect object of "to be". Use of "the" would indicate that you mean a noun phrase to restrict the noun to a specific subset of lions, not an adverbial phrase.
The same is definitely true for "the Indian lion". This is needed to help parse the sentence. Of course, it's simple enough that the intended meaning is still understandable, so it's not exactly wrong. But that sentence is a sweeping generalization, and therefore not appropriate in formal register. If you speak informally, prescriptive rules aren't as strong, so you are entitled to your opinion. But I understand the omission of the definite article and use of the plural instead when you specifically are trying to weaken the generalization, because you probably didn't check each one individually.


The school uniform is to be worn as specified here below during the week; and each item must be labelled with the students Name & Class. All students must wear the School uniform daily. A pupil who is not dressed neatly and tidily in the full school uniform may not be permitted to sit in the class. The newly admitted students must start wearing the school uniform within two weeks of their admission.
Bottle green short pants, white & green striped shirt, white socks with two green stripes and black lace-up Velcro shoes.
Bottle green full pants, white and green striped shirt ,tie and school belt, white socks with two green stripes black lace-up shoes.
Bottle green frock attached with short sleeved shirt with green stripes, box pleats till knee , green bloomer, green striped white stockings, green hair band and school Tie & Belt.
Bottle green salwar, white kurta with green stripes & checkered jacket (pattern given by the school ) white socks and buckled black shoes.
Green track suit with school logo, beige T-shirt with green collar and shoulder stripes, black sports shoes and white socks with two green stripes.
Green track suit with school logo, beige T-shirt with house coloured collar and shoulder stripes, black sports shoes and white socks with two green stripes. House colour ribbons for girls.
Long pants, white stockings with two green stripes & Sweaters.
Along with school uniform, bottle green blazer and socks/Stockings with two green stripes to be worn by both boys and girls during winter.


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Q: Android : How to bypass Do Not Disturb So that it plays notification audio in background I am targeting Android 8.0 and above and want my remote notifications to play the channel configured audio sound when
a) the device is in do not disturb mode (with exceptions enabled)
and
b) the device is in the background.
Notifications work as expected when not in DND mode.  When in DND mode there is a visual notification when in foreground, but no audio in background.
I set my channels up as follows:
private void InitialiseNotificationChannel(NotificationManager notificationManager, string channelID, string name, string soundFilename)
{
    // create channel
    NotificationChannel channel = new NotificationChannel(channelID, name, NotificationImportance.High);

    // create sound URI
    Android.Net.Uri uri = Android.Net.Uri.Parse("android.resource://" + Application.Context.PackageName + "/raw/" + soundFilename);

    // create audio attributes
    AudioAttributes alarmAttributes = new AudioAttributes.Builder()
       .SetContentType(AudioContentType.Sonification)
       .SetUsage(AudioUsageKind.Notification).Build();

    // setup channel
    channel.SetSound(uri, alarmAttributes);
    channel.EnableVibration(true);

    channel.EnableLights(true);
    channel.LightColor = Resource.Color.red;

    long[] vibrationPattern = { 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 1000 };
    channel.SetVibrationPattern(vibrationPattern);

    // Bypass Do Not Disturb
    channel.SetBypassDnd(true);
    channel.LockscreenVisibility = NotificationVisibility.Public;

    // add channel
    notificationManager.CreateNotificationChannel(channel);
}

I also set filtering up to handle exceptions:
            if (Build.VERSION.SdkInt >= BuildVersionCodes.M)
                 notificationManager.NotificationPolicy = new NotificationManager.Policy(NotificationPriorityCategory.Events, NotificationPrioritySenders.Any, NotificationPrioritySenders.Any);

            notificationManager.SetInterruptionFilter(InterruptionFilter.All);

I have all types of exception selected on the Device for the App, namely :
All Calls,
All Messages,
Alerts/Tasks ON,
Reminders ON
But still no audio sound when a notification is received in background.
Any ideas what I am missing ?
Thanks

A: Do keep that in mind that, according to the docs, the SetBypassDnd can only be modified by either the system itself (the user clicking through device settings), and the notification ranker.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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The Food Institute Blog
Expert Analysis on Today's News
Chipotle's Fall from Grace and Plan to Revive Itself
By Chris Campbell
In 2015, a number of major companies in the food industry were forced to deal with the backlash surrounding a foodborne illness tied to their products. Chipotle Mexican Grill was the focus of scrutiny following an e. coli outbreak surrounding its West Coast stores and a norovirus outbreak linked to a Boston location.
Although the two foodborne illness outbreaks linked to Chipotle may be over, the court battles the chain will face have only begun. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) released a notice Feb. 1 that indicated both e. coli outbreaks linked to the chain appeared to be over. The initial outbreak enveloped 11 states and sickened 55 people, resulting in 21 hospitalizations. A second, smaller e. coli outbreak linked to the chain spread to three states, infecting five and sending one to the hospital. CDC noted that no deaths were linked to the outbreak. The chain will still need to contend with a class-action lawsuit filed Jan. 19 that alleges the company attempted to cover up a norovirus outbreak in Aug. 2015. The lawsuit focuses on a norovirus outbreak linked to a Simi Valley, CA, location that sickened at least 234 customers, reported Fortune (Jan. 21).
Chipotle stated that it was served with a federal grand jury subpoena as part of a criminal investigation tied to a norovirus outbreak this summer at one if its California restaurants that sickened 234 people. The investigation is being conducted by the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Central District of California in conjunction with the FDA's Office of Criminal Investigation. The company said the subpoena requires the company to produce a "broad range" of documents and that it intends to fully cooperate with the investigation, reported NBC News (Jan. 6).
Later, Chipotle confirmed that the scope of a previously disclosed federal criminal investigation widened beyond a single restaurant in California. The company was served with a subpoena requiring it produce documents related to company-wide food safety dating back to the start of 2013, reported The State (Feb. 2).
In addition, a Chipotle shareholder filed a class action lawsuit against the chain and two top officials. The suit seeks to recover damages caused by the defendants' violations of the federal securities laws in the wake of the California norovirus outbreak that allegedly sickened 100 customers before expanding to a number of other locations. The suit alleges that the defendants made materially false and misleading statements regarding the company's business, operational and compliance policies.
In an effort to improve its food safety procedures, the company will close its stores for a few hours Feb. 8 for a company-wide meeting on food safety. The shutdown will offer an opportunity to talk about food safety changes and answer employees' questions about the recent outbreaks of E. coli, norovirus and salmonella, reported Chicago Tribune (Jan. 14).
The company will also will spend upwards of $50 million for a marketing campaign in the first quarter aimed at winning back customers scared away by multiple food-borne illnesses last year. The company hopes that the campaign, in conjunction with stricter food safety protocols, will help reverse a drop in same-store sales that reached as high as 36% in January, reported The Denver Post (Feb. 2).
Editor's note: This blog post contains information from the Jan. 11, Jan. 25 and Feb. 8 editions of The Food Institute Report. To stay up-to-date with the latest Washington regulatory news, become a Food Institute member and receive access to our bi-monthly 24-page report. Visit https://www.foodinstitute.com/joinfi for more information.
Meatless Burgers Go Mainstream
Plant-based burgers are finding their way on to more and more menus — and customers are responding.
Impossible Foods Plant-Based Meatless Vegan Beef Quick Service
Cut Back on Beef, Save the Planet
Americans will need to reduce beef consumption to a burger and a half a week to feed the planet 30 years from now.
Beef Meat Plant-Based Milk Dairy Ice Cream
Chipotle Food Safety Foodservice CDC Washington
Chris Campbell
The Food Institute
Chris focuses on fresh, canned and frozen fruit and fresh and dried vegetables for the Food Institute Report. In addition, he assists in compiling data for various Food Institute publications throughout the year. He is a proud Rutgers University alumnus with a degree in English, and has a background in web writing for a variety of industries, including legal, foodservice and small-to-medium sized businesses. In his downtime you can find him watching New York Yankees baseball, hiking, enjoying live music and spending time with his dog Kaiden. He invites you to contact him via email at chris.campbell@foodinstitute.com to talk about anything food-related.
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Comment by: - January 3, 2019

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Here are 3 colour choices to choose.
To customised this card, please contact us together with the card code.
We'll show you the proof with your names, your wedding date, and your preferred theme colour.
Supplies used: white card stock, flat back rhinestones.


The trading update for Pokémon GO will bring a host of new features to the game. If you're keen to get sharing Pokémon between friends then it's important you understand how each mechanic works. Friendship Level is one such new addition, and thanks to its effect on the Stardust cost to each trade, you'll want to make sure you're making the most of it. In this article we'll explain what your Friendship Level is and how it affects trading and more in Pokémon GO.
What does your Pokémon GO Friendship Level mean?
Friendship Level is a new mechanic coming to Pokémon GO. To start, you'll need to make sure you know how to add friends in Pokémon GO and view your friends list as it's here you can see your Friendship Level. Each player on your friends list will have an individual Friendship Level indicated by a number of hearts underneath their trainer icon. Select that trainer to see the name for your current level.
There are four levels you can obtain in friendship: Good Friend, Great Friend, Ultra Friend and Best Friend. Each level grants additional bonuses to your interactions with that player. The higher your friendship level, the less stardust is required to trade between the two of you. In addition, you'll receive a higher attack bonus when battling Gyms together. You'll even earn extra balls and items for completing raids with friends. In one example Niantic provided, trading a Legendary Pokémon between Good Friends may cost 1,000,000 stardust, whereas for Best Friends that could be reduced to 400,000 - a significant drop.
How can you increase your Friendship Level?
You can improve your Friendship level with anyone on your list by interacting with them in a number of ways. Of course, trading Pokémon is included in this, but you can also take part in Gyms and Raids as well as sending each other gifts. Another new feature coming with the friends list is PokéStop gifts. Anytime you check in at one of these points, you'll have the option to send a friend a surprise gift which includes items and new 7km yellow eggs along with a postcard showing the location you were at when sending. The yellow eggs are important as they'll be the only way to unlock Alohan forms of certain classic Pokémon.
A key point of note is that you can only increase your Friendship Level once per day per friend. This means you shouldn't spend ages trying to grind out Friendship Level increases each day. Niantic reckon it'll take roughly seven days to increase from a Good Friend to a Great Friend, but a full three months to reach Best Friend. Don't worry about rushing through this, Friendship is designed to be a slow process in Pokémon GO.
Now that you understand Friendship Levels, you're almost set for trading in Pokémon GO. There are some other rules and restrictions which apply, however. Make sure you're in the know by reading our guide on how to trade in Pokémon GO.


…as I have been too short on time in the last couple of days to give it the proper attention it deserves. It will be up Friday, I'm reasonably certain.
It sort of dawned on me that perhaps I wasn't clear about the origins of that "Mike Sterling is a jerk!" image that Bully, the Little Photoshopping Bull, made for me and I linked to at the end of this post. It was created in response to this Twitter post of mine in which I quote Employee Aaron expressing his opinion of me, based of course on the famous X-Men comic splash page. So, to be very clear, Bully does not actually think I'm a jerk, nor did I ever think he did. I know he was just teasing!
However, Bully does think Professor X is a jerk, and for good reason!
For this post, my example of Power Pack #27 was used almost entirely at random. In fact, as I was writing the post, it was originally New Warriors #27, until I decided to write a little something about New Warriors #1 at the end. I thought "well, that's two mentions of New Warriors in one post, clearly that violates some sort of zoning law" and Power Pack was the first thing to pop into my head to replace it. So, I wasn't really making any kind of specific point about Power Pack #27, just a general one about guide-pricing versus real world sales potential.
However, in response to my mention, this nice person (who also says a few much-appreciated kind words about my goofy site) takes a more in-depth look at the comic in question.
MrJM was only kidding with the "Thanks, Obama!" comment. Honest!
A few of you have noted that Howard the Duck #1 was a comic that was once red hot and inflated in value, due to its 1970s popularity, and remained fairly pricy up until a certain movie of some note was released. I wish I'd remembered to dig up some of the old guides while I was at the shop to double-check pricing, but in general I do recall a sudden dip in demand and value on the comic. Exactly how much, monetarily speaking, I am not sure, but yeah, it certainly happened. In recent years prices have been creeping back up, partially because those comics are sort of crawling out from under the shadow of the film and regaining some critical appreciation again, and partially because it's a noteworthy series that's approaching its 40th birthday and it's getting more difficult to find high-grade copies.
Anyway, that's enough of that. I'll bring a proper end to civilization tomorrow, I (mostly) promise!
"this nice person," gave me a chuckle, even if I was only inferring the "don't anger the interwebs" in it. I promise there's no need to use the protective oven mitts to guard against bites from the Rabid Power Pack fan. :) Though, hey, since I've been more or less blogging in the dark since I picked it back up again after so long, a big thanks for the link!
Seriously, Power Pack's always a good example of stuff that doesn't sell, so I didn't think you were indulging any kind of vendetta against Louise Simonson or kid super-heroes or anything. It just happened to jog my memory on what I really do remember as a tear-jerky scene from my youth, and I thought that was as good a jump off point to indulge myself as any other.
Also, I got to make a pun title involving "ruin," because the world doesn't have enough puns to satisfy my evil love of them.
also the KISS app. several issues later!
That link to EARWOLF… I didn't know that was a thing.
Now, I'll be surfing that site forever.
That will be my background listening for every day until I die.
Hey, Mike. I'm not that familiar with memes, as I'm not on the ubernet that often. To be honest, where I live, all I hear are random outbursts from people at bus stops.
Your apology is appreciated but unnecessary — When a joke relies on me behaving like a kook, I can't get bent if people mistake* me for a kook.
Yeah, but still. Trust me, I'm the kook. Unless you can top my love for The Red Bee as Dc/Quality's greatest character ever.
You've made an alarmingly solid case, Wayne.


text:
Dulcamara, L'ELISIR D'AMORE
Opera Birmingham
"Paul Houghtaling was an impossible-to-ignore Dulcamara. Stealing the night, along with the villager's cash, he gave more depth to the character than one could expect . . . His voice was commanding and communicative, his patter articulate, and his chemistry with leading lady Alicia Gianni enchanting. 'Udite, udite, o rustici' was a tour de force."
Edward Forstman, Arts Birmingham
Soloist, CHRISTMAS ORATORIO (Bach)
St. Cecilia Chorus and Orchestra, Carnegie Hall, December 2007 and 2010
"Paul Houghtaling supported his strong bass-baritone with an appealing interpretive sensibility."
Allan Kozinn, The New York Times
"And despite my partiality for tenors, the bass-baritone, a gentleman named Paul Houghtaling, impressed mightily, if only to wonder where he kept that voice in such a relatively slender frame!"
Sir Joseph Porter, H.M.S. PINAFORE
Nashville Opera
"There are many notable performances, first and foremost bass-baritone Paul Houghtaling who makes a hilarious entrance, twirling his umbrella like a drum major. Houghtaling is a short, wiry stage presence — he moves like a cat, and he's a consummate showman. He's also a standout in the marvelously incessant trio 'Never Mind the Why and Wherefore.'"
Martin Brady, Nashville Scene
"The cast mined H.M.S. Pinafore for every comic possibility — none more than bass-baritone Paul Houghtaling as the effete, overweening Sir Joseph Porter. He delighted the audience with his impressive umbrella twirling, and the crowd stayed with him throughout the evening."
Jonathan Marx, The Tennessean
Soloist and Stage Director, THE SCHOOLMASTER (DER SCHULMEISTER)
Anchorage Opera "Second Stage" series
"Paul Houghtaling translated [and directed] The Schoolmaster and starred as its title character…a flamboyant, cocktail swilling, self-important music instructor…amusing class roster…the artists responded with some truly inspired performances. Houghtaling played the vocal gymnast, deftly negotiating the extensive ornamentation, simultaneously poking fun at and celebrating the elaborate style."
Sarah Henning, Anchorage Daily News
Nanni, L'INFEDELTA DELUSA (Haydn)
Bard Music Festival/American Symphony Orchestra
"Paul Houghtaling revealed a striking and flexible baritone."
Barrymore Scherer, Opera News
The Monk, LE JONGLEUR DE NOTRE DAME
Peter Maxwell Davies, Dinosaur Annex, Boston
"Paul Houghtaling has personality and a splendid voice."
Richard Dyer, The Boston Globe
Soloist, FIRST BOOK OF AYRES FOR THE LUTE (Dowland)
My Lord Chamberlain's Consort
"Paul Houghtaling gave a thrilling account of 'His Golden Locks' toward the end of the program, at once noble and expressive."
Paul Griffiths, The New York Times
Ko-Ko, THE MIKADO
Lake George Opera
"To put in bluntly, I went cuckoo for Ko-Ko, and that's no puff….Houghtaling sang the role with sharp diction and ample tone, and his antic acting included a kaleidoscope of well-timed double takes, a flight up the proscenium arch and even a stint when he twirled his executioner's sword with the precision and style of a Dallas cheerleader. It was a total, integrated performance — part Harold Lloyd, part patter-singer extraordinaire, all scintillating."
Doug de Lisle, The Record, Troy, NY
"Houghtaling maneuvered about the stage like a sinuous elf, investing his movements and lines with whatever comic aside he could imagine … the capacity audience loved every moment. He still showed he could sing with melting simplicity as in 'Tit-Willow.'"
Geraldine Freedman, The Post-Star, Glens Falls, NY
"[Houghtaling's] gift for physical comedy is prodigious, and by using his own version of the G&S patter-singer voice, he was second to none in putting the music across."
James Hennerty, The Times Union, Albany, NY
Anchorage Opera
"There were three performances that really stole the show: Ko-Ko, played so dramatically fussy by Paul Houghtaling…[the show] keeps the audience thoroughly engaged, from the introduction of Ko-Ko, with his drum major-like ax spinning…."
Katie Stine, Anchorage Daily News
"But the darling of the evening was clearly baritone Paul Houghtaling, whose antics as Ko-Ko reached their zenith in Act. II. Houghtaling is familiar to Anchorage audiences from past productions, but has never had quite such a flamboyant role with which to display his many talents, including axe juggling."
Kristina Church, The Anchorage Press
Papageno, DIE ZAUBERFLÖTE (THE MAGIC FLUTE)
Teatro Lirico d'Europa, Abilene Opera, Rimrock Opera
"The cast offered two remarkable performances. Paul Houghtaling was a marvelous Papageno and Lisa Ericksen a sensitive, desirable Pamina. Nothing gave the audience as much pleasure as these two singers."
La Nouvelle Républic, Le Mans, France
"…a Papageno [Paul Houghtaling] play by play jovial and tearful, but without the excesses of bouffonerie…"
Albin Jacquier, Tribune de Genève
"Young American baritone Paul Houghtaling created an extraordinary Papageno of comic sensitivity, naivete and tenderness, served by a superb voice and a remarkable physical agility."
Le Provencal, Salon de Provence, France
"It is, however, the Papageno of Paul Houghtaling which we speak of most enthusiastically because this young baritone is not only a solid singer, but one who has a sense of presence, who loves Mozart and his full range of emotions, and who plays excellent comedy."
France Ouest, Rouen
"… perfectly in harmony with the Papageno of Paul Houghtaling who remains the major element of the performance. Very at ease [on stage] and equally brilliant in the vocal part … an excellent, generous actor … very piquant."
Journal Toulouse, France
"The nice-sized audience's favorite was baritone Paul Houghtaling who put a unique spin on the comic character…. [his] antics as Papageno brought the impact of Mozart's comic genius to life…"
Abilene Reporter-News
"Another standout . . . Paul Houghtaling's Papageno. He provides the audience with merriment by using body language to convey his character's indiscretions and charming feckless nature. He is a delight to watch and hear, with a deep, animated voice and stage presence to match."
Christene Meyers, Billings Gazette
Don Pasquale, DON PASQUALE
Tacoma Opera
"The wicked old man is bass-baritone Paul Houghtaling, and I've not seen a better singing actor. He leaves no doubt of his intention (or dementia). I enjoyed him greatly at the company's season-opening gala last month, and the promise tendered then was delivered in spades tonight — he's worth the price of admission by himself."
Theatre Puget Sound
"His Pasquale was a far cry from the traditional character usually seen in this role – portly, slobbering, pathetic. Instead, he forged a character quick on his toes and his heart. He danced around the stage with clownish glee and numerous pratfalls, making the audience laugh throughout the opera."
The News Tribune, Tacoma, WA
Rauschenberg, THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOSTON
Wheeler, Charlestown Working Theater
"Paul Houghtaling is] an intelligent singer with a secure, colorful distinctive voice and excellent diction, who also knows how to carry himself."
Lloyd Schwartz, The Boston Phoenix
"Paul Houghtaling's deep baritone register conveys Rauschenberg's solemnity with impressive richness."
Jules Becker, The Patriot Ledger, Quincy, MA
"The cast is young, talented, personable… the very talented baritone Paul Houghtaling as Rauschenberg really seems in control of his music, his character and his place in [Kenneth] Koch's cosmos."
ICH HABE GENUG, Cantata 82, Bach
BachWorks, NY
"Houghtaling possesses a dramatic presence and riveting vocal quality which moved the audience to tears . . . perfectly suited to Bach."
Mary Kerner, Chelsea News, NY
ST. JOHN PASSION, Bach
Bach Society of Worcester
"Paul Houghtaling's vocal presence as Jesus was rich, dark and stoic. With remarkably few lines to sing, Houghtaling's interpretation was deeply sensitive to Bach's portrayal of the forbearing, heroically suffering Christ of St. John's gospel."
Emily Van Hazinga, Sentinel-Enterprise, Worcester, MA
"Houghtaling's resonant full-bodied voice was perfect for the part… blessed with precise diction…striking nobility and simplicity."
William A. MacPherson, The Worcester Telegram
Njegus, THE MERRY WIDOW
Longview Opera, Abilene Opera
"It's hard to take your eyes off the comedic Houghtaling…His quirky physical reactions alone drew hearty laughs and cheers in several scenes…his expression is nearly ecstatic as he leads the can-can dancers in a grand finale performance, complete with baton twirling."
Robin Galiano, Longview News-Journal, Texas
"And Paul Houghtaling…threatens in Acts I and II to steal the show — much as he did two years ago as Papageno in The Magic Flute — before completing the pilfering job with a good part of Act III. Later, when baton-twirling Houghtaling joins the high-stepping Grisettes for an old fashioned can-can, you will think of Joel Grey as the emcee in Cabaret."
Bob Lapham, Abilene Reporter-News
Benny, THE DESERT SONG
Boston Concert Opera
"The best performance came from the comic lead, rubber-legged Paul Houghtaling as the cowardly reporter…he had tremendous verve and personality and sang better than the romantic leads."
"For my money, the best work of the night was from Paul Houghtaling and Lynn Torgove in the comic roles…both have a sense of high definition, the sell-it-to-the-balcony gestures, diction and enthusiasm that is the heart of musical theater."
Jon Lehman, The Patriot Ledger, MA
"But the show was stolen by the hilarious antics of Benny, a wacky newspaper reporter played brilliantly by Paul Houghtaling."
Barry Palmer, The Union Leader, Manchester, NH
"The best performances in this production are those by Deborah Collins, Lynn Torgove and, most especially, Paul Houghtaling. Mr. Houghtaling is really delightful to watch as the impish Benny. He prances, hops, skips and mugs with such verve and energy, and he also has an excellent baritone voice."
Paul McMahon, The Mirror, Boston, MA
The Major General, THE PIRATES OF PENZANCE
Knoxville Opera, Anchorage Opera, Colorado Symphony
"His tour-de-force performance of the Major General's signature number grabbed the audience from the opening note…a wonderful performance as Major General Stanley…the veteran opera star's portrayal would be a standout in any production and his acting is as fine as his singing."
Doug Mason, The Knoxville News-Sentinel
"Richard Lewis (The Pirate King) and Paul Houghtaling (Major General Stanley) play their roles with obvious glee. Some of the sight gags were quite funny, such as the Major General's drill [umbrella twirling] routine."
Donna Freeman, Anchorage Daily News
"Then there is the principal comic role of the Major General, done with flair by baritone Paul Houghtaling."
Glenn Diffin, Denver Post
Hard-Boiled Herman, ROSEMARIE
Central City Opera
"Paul Houghtaling manages to make his small frame look ludicrous in any costume and his size enables other characters to swat him around the stage — not a problem, but an asset for this show stealer."
Alan Young, Rocky Mountain News
"Yet it's the marvelously comic Hard-Boiled Herman of baritone Paul Houghtaling that almost stops the show."
Wes Blomster, The Boulder Daily Camera, CO
"However, it is Paul Houghtaling as Hard Boiled Herman whose elastic body, face and voice tickle the senses and pin the laugh meter. He manages to make his small frame look ludicrous in any costume — not a problem, but an asset for this show stealer."
Kay Turnbaugh, Voice of Peak-to-Peak Region, CO
"Paul Houghtaling brings smart movement and clever singing to Hard Boiled Herman, another dated role he manages to make his own."
Alan Young, Rocky Mountain News, CO
"The campily comic figure of the wimpish Hard Boiled Herman (Paul Houghtaling) gets a chance to steal the show and almost does."
Jeff Bradley, Denver Post
"And there are so many stellar voices [in the season] it is impossible for me to speak of them all. So I'll just say that Paul Houghtaling's Hard Boiled Herman in Rosemarie and Dana Krueger's Dame Quickly in Falstaff are worth the price of admission alone."
David Marlow, KGAY, National Radio Network, Denver, CO
EIGHT SONGS FOR A MAD KING, Peter Maxwell Davies
DICHTERLIEBE, Robert Schumann
Elebash Hall, New York, NY
Show concept and direction by Paul Houghtaling
"… singers seem to growing impatient with that [standard recital] format … a growing number of them – including Simon Keenlyside … and John Kelly and Paul Houghtaling, in appropriately madcap stagings of Schumann cycles, have been livening up their acts."
"Baritone Paul Houghtaling raised the roof with his wild performance of Peter Maxwell Davies's 'Eight Songs for a Mad King.' This was paired with a staged rendition of Schumann's 'Dichterliebe' [both works staged by Paul Houghtaling] — another example of a performer off the beaten path drawing imaginative connections between standard repertory and contemporary music."
David Salvage, Sequenza 21/The Contemporary Classical Music Weekly (Jan. 2005)
Graduate Center Contemporary Ensemble, New York, NY; New England Conservatory of Music, Guest Artist; Alea III Ensemble, Boston
"But the show's closer was truly a feast fit for a king. A medal should be given to Paul Houghtaling, the mad king in a grueling, physical performance that included running into the wall and stage door, disrobing and shattering a violin to bits. Great theater? I think so actually, because he had us all entirely convinced of his madness, demonstrated by a panoply of ridiculously daring vocal techniques, and honed by what surely must be a featured piece for Houghtaling."
Sean Hickey, New Music Connoisseur
"The musical performance was expertly rendered. Houghtaling was a man possessed: racing about the stage, sitting cross-legged and blank-eyed, screaming and through it all singing forcefully, in eerie falsetto highs and chesty baritonal lows. The Davies sent you home stunned."
Anthony Tommasini, The Boston Globe
"As a climax, the Eight Songs for a Mad King . . . worked better than a grizzled '60s-surviving, non-admirer of this piece might have expected. It had a baritone, Paul Houghtaling, who could and did sing (besides scream, wriggle, etc.)."
Richard Buell, The Boston Globe
THE CHRISTMAS STORY
The Waverly Consort
"Paul Houghtaling's rich-hued bass-baritone and commanding delivery did stand out."
Scott Cantrell, Kansas City Star
Cadmus/Somnus, SEMELE
"[Paul Houghtaling] shows a keen sense of farce as an over-the-top god of sleep. The antics never seem to distract the performers from their singing, which is excellent."
Ken Dinitz, Anchorage Daily News
SNEDEN'S LANDING VARIATION, Virgil Thomson
Frank O'Hara Festival at Harvard Poet's Theatre, Harvard Gay and Lesbian Caucus
"Performed by baritone Paul Houghtaling, Virgil Thomson's 'Sneden's Landing Variations' was delivered with the knockout punch the composer intended."
AVENTURES, Ligeti
New England Conservatory of Music Contemporary Ensemble, Boston
"The great hit of the evening was Ligeti's Aventures…the knockout singers were Laura Knoop, Bobbi Kelley and Paul Houghtaling."
DETTINGEN TE DEUM, Handel
Miami Bach Society, Miami, FL
"The principal soloist of the Te Deum was baritone Paul Houghtaling who performed his solo sections with a full, rich baritone voice and with an excellent mastery of musical line and interpretation of text."
Raymond Barr, Coral Gables Gazette
MESSIAH, Handel
The Billings Symphony, Billings, MT
"Four accomplished soloists [including] bass-baritone Paul Houghtaling … joined the Billings Symphony Orchestra and chorale in a stirring performance…all four soloists have impressive resumes and performed flawlessly."
Tom Howard, Billings Gazette
© Paul Houghtaling 2023 | Website by Ellanyze


text:
Digital Transformation: 3 Phases Every Enterprise Should Follow
A Conversation With Mindtree's Hariharan Ugendran
Tags: Digital Transformation CIO 5G
Steven Lerner
If an enterprise wants to have a successful digital transformation, it should follow a strategic plan or road map. Sometimes, that strategy may involve key pillars, or the entire plan might be divided into critical phases.
Hariharan Ugendran, a digital transformation product manager at Mindtree, believes that there are three phases that must be followed in order to accelerate a digital transformation. We spoke with Ugendran about the three phases, and current trends in the space.
Enterprise Digitalization: What are the three phases of digital transformation?
Hariharan Ugendran: The first phase is strategy and vision, which is where we measure the actual contextual risk. This is in terms of when you actually define the vision and strategy of the program, you need to be able to identify and prioritize the different digital enablers that you would want in terms of changing the business objective. What are these digital enablers which you think is essential for your business? You cannot just want the entire system to be changed, and you cannot do everything at once. You just need to pace it out. I think essentially, we need to identify those key enablers and then set up road maps for each of those enablers during the transition. You need to set the tone of the risk management at the design stage itself so that you will be able to achieve minimal disruption.
The second phase is the implementation where you've identified these enablers and you want to transform the tools and capabilities to deliver these services. I would say when you develop these technical stacks, you start to incorporate the digital enablers with respect to vendors, compliance, and security. Select the right technology for different business processes. You basically start to map these different technologies and tool sets, which is going to help you achieve your end vision. From an implementation standpoint, I would a start incorporating these risk assessing measures within the architecture itself. Also, bring in that mindset of the digital first approach. Rather than implementing everything and then saying that this is how it is going to function, start to inculcate that mindset within your stakeholders.
And the final phase is program management. We need to ensure cross functional synergy and that we eliminate risks arising due to these interdependent processes. There needs to be a clear understanding when you set up the governance within the organization. You need to identify the stakeholders and clearly define what is that risk that would arise, and how would you mitigate it. Rather than dealing with the risks later on, you know the mitigation measures and you are preparing for that.
ED: What type of industries do you see as leading the pack when it comes to digital transformation?
HU: Banking is definitely the forerunners in this. I think of banking in general is something that everybody uses on a day-to-day basis. I feel healthcare has done well, and since it's a highly- regulated industry, there is a lot of work that needs to be done. The potential is huge in healthcare. Defense is another industry where I think digital transformations are taking off.
ED: Who is driving the digital transformations?
HU: I see digital transformation a successful one when it comes from the top most level, which is from the CIO or CEO level. They need to feel it because if they are not ready to support this initiative, then I think it will break down in its course of time.
ED: What is driving digital transformation today?
HU: There is a large penetration of smart devices. A sudden change in culture where everybody has a smartphone, more customer expectations, and there is a change in demographics. We are dealing with millennials who are always connected through some sort of a digital device. To connect with the customer agent, it is important for organizations to understand the persona of its customers and cater them. I would say also the increase in the internet speed. When we were all dealing with a dial up connection, I didn't see a lot of transformation happening. Now with 4G and eventually 5G, I'm seeing a lot of change in terms of accessibility and in terms of data transfer. That is one driver. Also, the shift in the mindset of the people where we are all adapting to innovations and our inclination towards advanced technologies. I see these factors to be driving digital transformation. It all revolves around the customer.
ED: Regarding the three phases of digital transformation, which of those phases do you think presents the biggest challenge to enterprises?
HU: I would say the strategy and vision (the first phase) because that involves identification, people management, and knowing how much you want to spend. This is where you start to be the devil's advocate, and you start questioning the mission of why this is required. Go to a trade fair and you see all these options which are fancy, but do you really need that as part of your core business? When it comes to the core business, I need to understand if this is going to enable reaching out to my customer to improve the user experience.
ED: If an enterprise follows the three phases that you've described, what will be the final result?
HU: The final result will be that you have already made out the blueprint of what you are expecting. You'll know exactly the areas that you need to focus on in order to get a strong structure. Making an informed decision of what this transformation is going to be, and at the same time you are bringing in that culture of the digital mindset throughout the organization at a much earlier pace. As it is being set during the strategy and vision phase, it enables a smoother delivery and the adoption rate is amazing when you do this phased approach.
Industry On The Move: Cisco Acquisition Signals Rise Of 5G
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By Esther Shein


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text:
Feinglosit ist ein sehr selten vorkommendes Mineral aus der Mineralklasse der "Phosphate, Arsenate und Vanadate". Es kristallisiert im monoklinen Kristallsystem mit der chemischen Formel Pb2(Zn,Fe)[(As,S)O4]2·H2O, ist also chemisch gesehen ein wasserhaltiges Blei-Zink-Arsenat-Sulfat und das Zn-dominante Analogon des Arsenbrackebuschits.

Feinglosit bildet radiastrahlige kugelige Aggregate, die meist einen Goethit-Kern besitzen. Daneben existieren individuelle Aggregate bis 0,5 mm Durchmesser, die aus sehr kleinen Kristalliten von 5 – 10 µm Länge bestehen. Das Mineral wurde in einem Hohlraum von 2 cm Durchmesser im massiven Chalkosinerz in der Tsumeb Mine, Namibia, gefunden.

Etymologie und Geschichte
Im Jahre 1984 übergab Mark N. Feinglos eine Stufe mit massivem Chalkosin, die einen Hohlraum mit blass olivenfarbenen Aggregaten aus einem ihm unbekannten Mineral ausfüllte, an A. M. Clark vom Natural History Museum, London, zur Identifizierung. Über die Herkunft der Stufe ist lediglich bekannt, dass sie "irgendwann in den 1970er Jahren" gefunden worden ist. Ursprünglich für Heyit gehalten, zeigten Mikrosondenanalysen, dass es sich um ein Blei-Zink-Arsenat handelt. Weitere Untersuchungen führten zur Feststellung des Vorliegens eines neuen Minerals, welches unter der Nummer "IMA 1995-013" im Jahre 1995 von der International Mineralogical Association (IMA) anerkannt und 1997 von einem britisch-kanadischen Forscherteam mit A. M. Clark und Alan J. Criddle vom Natural History Museum, London, Andrew C. Roberts und Maurizio Bonardi vom Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, sowie Elizabeth A. Moffatt vom Canadian Conservation Institute, Ottawa, im Wissenschaftsmagazin Mineralogical Magazine als Feinglosit beschrieben wurde.

Benannt wurde das Mineral nach dem amerikanischen Medizinforscher und auf Tsumeb-Minerale spezialisierten Mineralsammler Mark N. Feinglos (* 1948) aus Durham (North Carolina), der das Mineral entdeckte.

Das Typmaterial wird am Natural History Museum, London, (Sammlungs-Nr. BM 1984,943) sowie an der Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Katalog-Nr. 95.66), aufbewahrt.

Klassifikation
In der mittlerweile veralteten, aber noch gebräuchlichen 8. Auflage der Mineralsystematik nach Strunz gehörte der Feinglosit zur Mineralklasse der "Phosphate, Arsenate und Vanadate" und dort zur Abteilung der "Wasserfreien Phosphate mit fremden Anionen", wo er zusammen mit Arsenbrackebuschit, Arsentsumebit, Bearthit, Brackebuschit, Bushmakinit, Calderónit, Gamagarit, Goedkenit, Jamesit, Lulzacit, Tokyoit und Tsumebit die "Brackebuschit-Gruppe" mit der System-Nr. VII/B.24 bildete.

Die seit 2001 gültige und von der International Mineralogical Association (IMA) verwendete 9. Auflage der Strunz'schen Mineralsystematik ordnet den Feinglosit in die Klasse der "Phosphate, Arsenate und Vanadate" und dort in die Abteilung der "Phosphate usw. mit zusätzlichen Anionen; ohne H2O" ein. Diese Abteilung ist allerdings weiter unterteilt nach der Größe der beteiligten Kationen sowie deren Stoffmengenverhältnis zum Phosphat-, Arsenat- bzw. Vanadatkomplex, so dass das Mineral entsprechend seiner Zusammensetzung in der Unterabteilung "Mit mittelgroßen und großen Kationen; (OH usw.) : RO4 = 0,5 : 1" zu finden ist, wo es zusammen mit Arsenbrackebuschit, Arsentsumebit, Bearthit, Brackebuschit, Bushmakinit, Calderónit, Gamagarit, Goedkenit, Tokyoit und Tsumebit die "Brackebuschit-Gruppe" mit der System-Nr. 8.BG.05 bildet.

Die vorwiegend im englischen Sprachraum gebräuchliche Systematik der Minerale nach Dana ordnet den Feinglosit ebenfalls in die Klasse der "Phosphate, Arsenate und Vanadate", dort allerdings in die Abteilung der "Wasserhaltigen Phosphate etc." ein. Hier bildet er innerhalb der Unterabteilung der "Wasserhaltigen Phosphate etc., mit A2+(B2+)2(XO4) × x(H2O)" zusammen mit Brackebuschit, Arsenbrackebuschit, Feinglosit und Bushmakinit ebenfalls die "Brackebuschit-Gruppe" mit der System-Nr. 40.02.08.

Chemismus
Mittelwerte aus sieben Mikrosondenanalysen an Feinglosit aus Tsumeb führten zu Gehalten von 61,4 % PbO, 7,3 % ZnO, 1,8 % FeO, 22,1 % As2O5, 5,3 % SO3 und 2,1 % H2O (aus der Differenz berechnet). Daraus ergab sich (auf der Basis von acht Anionen) die empirische Formel Pb2,09(Zn0,68Fe2+0,18)Σ=0,86[(As0,73,S0,25)Σ=0,98O4]2·H1,76O, die zu Pb2(Zn,Fe)[(As,S)O4]2·H2O vereinfacht wurde. Die Typstufe ist eine eisen- und sulfatreiche Varietät des Feinglosits.

Feinglosit ist das Zn-dominante Analogon des Fe3+-dominierten Arsenbrackebuschits, Pb2Fe3+(AsO4)2(OH). Beide sind Vertreter der Brackebuschitgruppe von M2+-M3+-Oxysalzen (Phosphate, Arsenate, Vanadate, mitunter mit Sulfat-Gehalten) mit der allgemeinen Formel M2+2M3+(TO4)2(OH), in der für M2+ = Ca, Ba, Sr, Ba und für M3+ = Al, Fe und Mn (mitunter auch mittelgroße bis kleine M2+-Kationen wie Zn2+, Fe2+, Cu2+) stehen. Feinglosit ist der einzige Vertreter mit einem Wassermolekül in seiner Idealformel.

Kristallstruktur
Feinglosit kristallisiert monoklin in der  oder in der  mit den Gitterparametern a = 8,973 Å; b = 5,955 Å; c = 7,766 Å und β = 112,20° sowie zwei Formeleinheiten pro Elementarzelle.

Feinglosit weist strukturelle Ähnlichkeiten und Gemeinsamkeiten mit den anderen Mineralen der Brackebuschitgruppe auf. Eine Beschreibung der Struktur für Feinglosit existiert noch nicht.

Eigenschaften

Morphologie
In der "Tsumeb Mine" bildet Feinglosit radialstrahlige kugelige bis nierige Aggregate, die meist einen Kern aus Goethit besitzen. Daneben existieren individuelle Aggregate bis 0,5 mm Durchmesser, die aus sehr kleinen Kristalliten von 5 bis 10 µm Länge bestehen. Aus der "Christiana Mine" ist Feinglosit nur in Form von Pseudomorphosen bekannt.

Physikalische und chemische Eigenschaften
Die Aggregate und Kristallite des Feinglosits sind blass olivgrün, ihre Strichfarbe ist dagegen immer weiß. Die Oberflächen der durchsichtigen Kristalle zeigen einen deutlichen diamantartigen Glanz.

Im reflektierten Licht (Anschliff) ist Feinglosit ganz blass bräunlichgrau und weist ein deutlich geringeres Reflexionsvermögen auf als der mit ihm verwachsene Goethit. Innenreflexe sind häufig; sie sind farblos beim Fehlen von Goethit und ganz blass gelb, wenn im Feinglosit Einschlüsse von Goethit vorliegen. Der Reflexionspleochroismus fehlt. Feinglosit ist nicht merklich anisotrop. Seine Bireflektanz ist sehr schwach, aber messbar.

An den Kristallen des Feinglosits wurde keine Spaltbarkeit festgestellt. Feinglosit weist eine Vickershärte von VHN100 = 253–283 kg/mm² (Mittelwert 263 kg/mm²) auf, was einer Mohshärte von 4–5 entspricht, und gehört damit zu den mittelharten Mineralen, die sich ähnlich wie die Referenzminerale Fluorit (Härte 4) und Apatit (Härte 5) mit dem Taschenmesser mehr oder weniger leicht ritzen lassen.

Wie gediegen Kupfer ist Feinglosit schneidbar. Gemessene Werte für die Dichte des Feinglosits existieren nicht, die berechnete Dichte für das Mineral beträgt 6,56 g/cm³.

Bildung und Fundorte
Als sehr seltene Mineralbildung konnte Feinglosit bisher (Stand 2016) nur von zwei Fundpunkten beschrieben werden. Seine Typlokalität ist die weltberühmte Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag-Ge-Cd-Lagerstätte der "Tsumeb Mine" (Tsumcorp Mine) in Tsumeb, Region Oshikoto, Namibia. Der genaue Fundpunkt innerhalb der Tsumeb Mine ist nicht bekannt. Ein zweiter Fundort befindet sich in der "Christiana Mine" bei Agios Konstandinos (St. Constantin, Kamariza) unweit Lavrion, Attika, Griechenland. Ein weiterer, bisher allerdings nur durch eine analysierte Probe bekannter, Fundort ist der Tagebau Vouves auf der griechischen Insel Thasos (siehe Bergbau und Metallgewinnung auf Thasos).

Feinglosit entsteht als typische Sekundärbildung in der komplexen, in Carbonatgesteinen sitzenden Cu-Pb-Zn-Erzlagerstätte der "Tsumeb Mine". Blei, Zink, Eisen, Arsen und Schwefel stammen dabei aus der Zersetzung ehemaliger sulfidischer Erzminerale. Auf der Typstufe wird Feinglosit neben Chalkosin und Goethit auch von Wulfenit und Anglesit begleitet. Ein zweites Vorkommen mit Kristallen von weniger als 1 mm Größe fand sich auf einer Stufe mit Arsendescloizit und dem neuen, unbekannten Blei-Arsenat GS 7. Schließlich sind reich mit Feinglosit mineralisierte Stufen auf Material gefunden worden, welches wahrscheinlich aus der 3. Oxidationszone stammt. Die winzigen, gelben Kristalle sind typischerweise mit Gips verwachsen.

Aus der "Christiana Mine" kennt man Feinglosit in gelbgrünen Pseudomorphosen nach idiomorphen Skorodit-Kristallen, nach nadeligem Adamin-Olivenit sowie nach Thometzekit. Die ehemaligen Adamin/Olivenit-Nadeln sind bis zu 2 mm lang und weisen Durchmesser bis zu 0,3 mm auf, während die pseudomorphosierten Skorodit-Aggregate bis zu 4 mm groß sind. Eine Reihe von untersuchten "Feinglosit"-Proben unterschiedlicher Ausbildung (Pseudomorphosen und Krusten) und Farbtönungen hat sich allerdings ausnahmslos als Chenevixit erwiesen.

Verwendung
Feinglosit ist aufgrund seiner Seltenheit lediglich für Mineralsammler interessant.

Siehe auch
 Liste der Minerale

Literatur
 Feinglosit. In: John W. Anthony, Richard A. Bideaux, Kenneth W. Bladh, Monte C. Nichols (Hrsg.): Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America, 2001 (PDF, 66 kB)

Weblinks

 Mineralienatlas:Feinglosit (Wiki)
 Webmineral – Feinglosit
 Mindat – Feinglosit
 RRUFF Database-of-Raman-spectroscopy – Feinglosit
 American-Mineralogist-Crystal-Structure-Database – Feinglosit

Einzelnachweise

Anerkanntes Mineral
Monoklines Kristallsystem
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Airwave's commercial department is here to help. We provide all customers with trained and certified service and installation technicians. They will help to get your HVAC equipment back online in the least amount of time possible. We are also dedicated to jobsite safety. Keeping safety in mind at all times is the most important thing to be sure a job can come in on time and at the highest quality.
We offer maintenance for all types of equipment with no contract. Which means you can cancel at anytime. Our goal during each maintenance is to catch things before they happen and avoid some of those costly service calls. During each inspection not only do your filters get changed we also thoroughly go through each units condition and operation and be sure that drain lines at each piece of equipment are free of any obstructions so that some of those summer time water leaks can be avoided.
Our service and installation technicians can assist you with any of your questions and concerns.
Call today to start your savings.


Fire drills will be conducted monthly. In case of an emergency, the provider and the children will gather at the church on the right side of the day care. If for some reason, due to the circumstance, we are unable to get to the church, we will exit from the rear of the house and proceed to the top of McClure Lane. If we are unable to return back to the day care, all of the parents will be contacted immediately and arrangements will be made.
All volunteers must be trained on Evacuation/Emergency procedures. Evacuation procedures/Fire drills are practiced monthly with all staff and children. Monthly inspections and maintenance of building facilities are completed to ensure safety is maintained.
This Evacuation/Emergency plan is reviewed monthly after drills and every 12 months to take into account any changes in physical location or evacuation procedures.
The following steps will be taken in case of an Evacuation/Emergency at the center.
Each staff member is responsible for the children in their group.
When the alarm sounds each staff member will gather the children, carry an attendance sheet & emergency contact list and any special provisions.
Staff members will exit the building and proceed to our designated safe area as outlined.
When all children and staff are accounted for, call 911 if not called yet.
The Director or Owner/Operator will do a check of all washrooms/offices/closets etc. to ensure no one is in the building before exiting. This person should be the last one to leave.
Under the direction of the Director or Owner/Operator, call parents to arrange pick up of children. Parents must sign the attendance sheet when receiving their child.


Nader Shah or King Nader (1688-1747), the founder of Afsharid Dynasty, an enigmatic figure in Iranian history ruled from 1736 - 1747 A.D.
Nader Shah, or Nader Qoli Beg was born in Kobhan, Iran, on October 22, 1688, into one of the Turkish tribes loyal to the Safavid shahs of Iran. He was the son of a poor peasant, who lived in Khorasan and died while Nader was still a child. Nader and his mother were carried off as slaves by the Ozbegs, but after death of his mother in captivity Nader managed to escape and became a soldier. Soon he attracted the attention of a chieftain of the Afshar in whose service Nader rapidly advanced. Eventually, the ambitious Nader fell out of favour. He became a rebel and gathered a substantial army.
In 1719 the Afghans had invaded Persia. They deposed the reigning Shah of the Safavid dynasty in 1722. Their ruler, Mahmoud Ghilzai (�99-1725), murdered a large number of Safavid Princes, hacking many of them to death by his own hand. After he had invited the leading citizens of Esfahan to a feast and massacred them there, his own supporters assassinated Mahmoud in 1725. His cousin, Ashraf (�00-1730), took over and married a Safavid princess.
At first, Nader fought with the Afghans against the Ozbegs until they withheld him further payment. In 1727 Nader offered his services to Tamasp II (�04-1740), heir to the Safavid dynasty. Nader started the reconquest of Persia and drove the Afghans out of Khorasan. The Afghans suffered heavy losses, but before they fled Ashraf massacred an additional 3000 citizens of Esfahan. Most of the fleeing Afghans were soon overtaken and killed by Nader's men, while others died in the desert. Ashraf himself was hunted down and murdered.
By 1729 Nader had freed Persia from the Afghans. Tamasp II was crowned Shah, although he was little more than a figurehead. While Nader was putting down a revolt in Khorasan, Tamasp moved against the Turks, losing Georgia and Armenia. Enraged, Nader deposed Tamasp in 1732 and installed Tamasp's infant son, Abbas III (1732-1740), on the throne, naming himself regent. Within two years Nader recaptured the lost territory and extended the Empire at the expense of the Turks and the Russians.
In 1736 Nader evidently felt that his own position had been established so firmly that he no longer needed to hide behind a nominal Safavid Shah and ascended the throne himself. In 1738 he invaded Kandahar, captured Kabul and marched on to India. He seized and sacked Delhi and, after some disturbances, he killed 30000 of its citizens. He plundered the Indian treasures of the Moghal Emperors, taking with him the famous jewel-encrusted Peacock Throne and the Koh-i Noor diamond. In 1740 Nader had Tamasp II and his two infant sons put to death. Then he invaded Transoxania. He resumed war with Turkey in 1743. In addition, he built a navy and conquered Oman.
Gradually Nader's greedy and intolerant nature became more pronounced. The financial burden of his standing armies was more than the Persians could bear and Nader imposed the death penalty on those who failed to pay his taxes. He stored most of his loot for his own use and showed little if any concern for the general welfare of the country. Nader concentrated all power in his own hands. He was a brilliant soldier and the founder of the Persian navy, but he was entirely lacking any interest in art and literature. Once, when Nader was told that there was no war in paradise, he was reported to have asked: "How can there be any delights there?". He moved the capital to Mashhad in Khorasan, close to his favourite mountain fortress. He tried to reconcile Sunnism with Shi'itism, because he needed people of both faiths in his army, but the reconciliation failed.
In his later years, revolts began to break out against his oppressive rule. Nader became increasingly harsh and exhibited signs of mental derangement following an assassination attempt. He suspected his own son, Reza Qoli Mirza (1719-1747), of plotting against him and had him blinded. Soon he started executing the nobles who had witnessed his son's blinding. Towards the end, even his own tribesmen felt that he was too dangerous a man to be near. In 1747 a group of Afshar and Qajar chiefs decided "to breakfast off him ere he should sup off them". His own commanders surprised him in his sleep, but Nader managed to kill two of them before the assassins finished him off.
Nader was Persia's most gifted military genius and is known as "The Second Alexander" and "The Napoleon of Persia". Although he restored national independence and effectively protected Iran's territorial integrity at a dark moment of the country's history, his obsessive suspicions and jealousies plunged Iran into political turmoil. Little is known about Nader's personal life. His grandiosity, his insatiable desire for more conquests and his egocentric behaviour suggest a narcissistic personality disorder and in his last years he seems to have developed some paranoid tendencies. Nader was married four times and had 5 sons and 15 grandsons.


Mr. Frank Adu is an Investment Banker and the Managing Director of Cal Bank. He was the Chairman of the Council of the Ghana Stock Exchange and the GSE Securities Depository Company. Currently, he is the Chairman of Roman Ridge School. Also, a member of the Board of Okyeman Environment Foundation and the University College of Agriculture and Environment. He is the Chairman of the Golden Beach Hotels Group (La Palm Beach Hotel, Elmina Beach Resort and Busua Beach Resort).


Liverpool Biennial is the UK's largest as well as one of the most exciting contemporary visual arts events, and with 960,000 visits in 2008, it is one of the best attended in the world. I have covered the last three Biennials and have some great contacts and press access to the festival, installations and artists - please get in touch if you need a photographer to cover events / stories.
Biennial 2008 - Audiovision by Kinetophone Records - who produced a largescale video installation and an outdoor AV festival, transforming the Mersey Tunnel Air Vent into a spectacular array of colour, light and sound.
Biennial 2006 - Installation by Matej Andraz Vogrincic at St Luke's Church, Liverpool.


I've been to a lot of bars, eaten at a lot of restaurants, swam in a lot of pools, and watched the sun set over the ocean countless times in my life.
Getting all those fabulous things in one is what makes me feel: vacation mode on.
Potato Head Beach Club is still one of my favorite places in Bali. I know, I know, it's what everyone does and it's unoriginal. There is a reason EVERYONE does something, though. Duh. I fully suggest jumping on this bandwagon.
Make sure you go well before sunset to get a good spot.
I recommend making a reservation in advance for a poolside table. But if you don't, you can make one with the girls as soon as you walk in. They'll write your name and number down.
If you don't have a number, or don't know the number you're using on an Indo SIM, they will come and find you when it's your turn.
The place is usually pretty full and it's hard to get a seat. We ended up just putting our stuff in the basket cubbies they had beside the pool and ordering drinks from the swim up bar.
I would consider doing that, we weren't even bothered about our wait. I mean hello, we went for the pool and sunset anyway.
It does take a while to get a drink there. Chat to whoever else is waiting beside you. I met some super cute boys this way (wink, wink).
The venue is impressive and the sunset was incredible.
The waiter seated at our poolside table post sunset. We ordered loads of appetizers and then realized how absolutely delish everything was, then had to have entrees. I couldn't finish mine, but you better believe I shoveled as much in my body as I could. Every single thing was delicious.
The staff is friendly, helpful and polite. The whole establishment is clean, gorgeously manicured, landscaped, styled and designed.
I honestly don't have negative things to say about PHBC. I've been twice and pleased with everything both times.
They often have music festivals or great DJs playing. Be sure and check out what's happening, it will be on their Facebook page!
Have you guys ever been? What did you think? I love hearing from you guys! Leave me a comment with your own experiences, links and/or experiences, I love hearing from you!


Only in your case, you have much more to lose from not doing so. Look up Skyrim Nexus if u want to find it. From Gx D to 5d's E to Zexal's?? Keeping these muscles in shape is the only prevention you can take to avoid having your girls being doomed to the cruel game that gravity will play over time.


War of the Rebellion: Serial 024 Page 0490 WEST TENN. AND NORTHERN MISS. Chapter XXIX.
I fully believe the road to be in perfect order from Holly Springs to Lamar. I learn the force of cavalry which attacked us this afternoon to consist of five regiments, commanded by Jackson in person. In repulsing them we killed one officer and several of their men and horses. I think they have fallen back to Lumpkin's Mill. Our pickets are 2 miles south of the town. Their line of pickets is about one-half or three-fourths of a mile in front of us. In the attack of to-day they used three pieces of artillery. I have no good reason to believe, however, that their infantry (in force, at least) is this side of the Tallahatchie. I learn that General Sullivan has fallen back near Lamar. I shall endeavor to hold this position until you desire it vacated. I think I can do it. I sent to headquarters by General Sullivan seven commissioned officers, captured to-day.
Near Grand Junction, Tenn., November 22, 1862.
CAPTAIN: I have the honor to report that leaving camp at noon of the 19th with detachments from the Seventh Kansas, Second Iowa, and the Third Michigan Regiments of Cavalry, in all 1,024 men, I encamped at night 10 miles northwest of Ripley. At midnight I resumed the march and before daybreak had completely surrounded the city of Ripley without disturbing its inhabitants. In the town I found sleeping Lieutenant-Colonel Hovis, of the Second Mississippi, Colonel Falkner's regiment; also Major Rogers, of the Second Mississippi Infantry. Several private soldiers were also found. I here learned that Colonel Falkner and his men were to meet that morning at a point 13 miles south of Ripley for the purpose of collecting the scattered companies of his regiment and march to join the rebel army at Abbeville. I sent large detachments on every road radiating from Ripley in search of the enemy, and myself with 400 men left for the meeting of Falkner. Arriving within 2 miles of the place of meeting his pickets fired on us and galloped to the main body. From prisoners afterward taken we learned that Colonel Falkner immediately ordered his force to mount and galloped away. We dashed on, overtaking his rear guard, firing many shots, when they scattered in the woods in all directions.
We took here several prisoners, including officers. Falkner with about 100 men escaped by dint of the hardest running, going in direction of Holly Springs. We had parties on all roads leading to this place of meeting and captured frequently small squads of men, frequently led by an officer. We also relieved the county of such stock as our present necessities required.
On the present expedition Tippah County has been completely run over, our scouting extending 15 miles south of Ripley through the Hickory Flats. On my return I sent a regiment through the country below Salem and through that town. This column made several captures.
I consider Colonel Falkner's regiment now broken beyond any hope of reorganization, and a great source of petty annoyance to our forces entirely removed.


text:
Europeiska jordbruksfonden för landsbygdsutveckling (Ejflu) är en av de europeiska struktur- och investeringsfonderna. Den används för att finansiera åtgärder som syftar till att utveckla landsbygden inom ramen för den gemensamma jordbrukspolitiken. Fonden regleras genom en förordning antagen av Europaparlamentet och Europeiska unionens råd.

Se även
 Europeiska unionens regionalpolitik

Referenser

Noter

Europeiska unionens jordbruks- och fiskeripolitik
Fonder med anknytning till Europeiska unionen