Instagram welcomed the month of August with the introduction of a new feature it calls Instagram Stories. This answers the need of most Instagram'ers – who through the years have maintained a feed that is thematic or stylized, or curates a selection of creatively filtered photos and videos – for sharing every day snapshots without over-posting or "breaking" their well thought out Instagram profiles.
While others were quick to dismiss this as a copycat move by Instagram to directly compete with Snapchat, presently the darling of social media networks, this new feature has been accepted positively and used widely by fellow IGers, as it allows you to share multiple photos and videos displayed together in a slideshow, but will disappear after 24 hours. And these rather raw, quick snaps won't be added to your profile grid, disrupting none of your artistic endeavors in photography and videography.
Instagram has somehow made the app almost all-in and your go-to for anything worth snapping and sharing, now here are 8 things you can do with Instagram Stories.
(1) Snap and share your candidness. Like Snapchat, the idea behind Instagram Stories is to let others in on what's keeping you busy day-to-day, but minus the fancy, face-play lenses (for now). It's like the behind-the-scenes of your Instagram feed, with which you simply just be your candid self, surrounded by friends and the people you care about, in the many places you traverse regularly or for the first time. "Woke up like this" is perfectly fine, daring to get that morning look shared is already admirable – so drink up that morning cup of latte art, that seemingly awkward but uniquely beautiful outfit of the day, strolls on the street with your favorite pair of dirty white shoes – these are temporary photos and videos that will disappear after a day of posting, so go ahead and share like there's no tomorrow.
Tap that plus button on the top left of your homepage to start with your very own Instagram stories.
(2) Upload your most recent snapshots. Aside from instant snaps you took with Instagram Stories, you can actually upload photos or video clips snapped in the last 24 hours, including that of your Boomerang, Hyperlapse, and Layout (apps developed by Instagram). All you need to do is swipe down after tapping on the plus button, then choose what to post.
(3) Swipe left or right for filters. Instagram popularized the used of filters to change how photos looked and thankfully with Stories you get the same selection of filters, though limited to 7 as of the moment, to add another layer of color or tone to snaps. After snapping a photo or video, swipe left or right and choose the best look and feel for your story.
(4) Express yourself with doodles, text, and emojis. Aside from filters, there's a drawing and text tool you can use to doodle or draw or add text including emojis. After snapping a photo or video, tap on the drawing or text icon on the top right of the screen. The drawing tool offers three marker tip options and three sets of colors. The text tool only has one font and comes only in white, but you can combine doodles and text as well as add emojis on top of your photos or videos.
(5) Check out your friends' stories. Only stories from Instagram'ers you follow are displayed in a row on top of your homepage. Tap on a profile picture to see a story, which will automatically scroll from one Instagram'er's to the next. Tapping the screen skips to the next photo or video, or you can swipe right or left to skip between people's stories. Swiping down on the screen or tapping x in the top right will exit an Instagram'er's story and return to your homepage. Unseen stories are displayed as rainbow rings on profile pictures.
(6) See who's looking at your stories or hide them. To find out who's checking you out, open your story and swipe up or tap on the number at the bottom of your story. You will then see a list of Instagram'ers who's seen your story.
Your stories follow the privacy settings of your Instagram account, so if you're set to private, only your approved followers can get to see your stories on their homepage feed or from your profile. If your account is public, anyone can see your stories. To choose the Instagram'ers you'd like to hide your story from, go to your profile and tap on the gear icon (iOS) or three dots (Android), tap on Story Settings and then tap on Hide My Story From, select the Instagram'er/s from the list, then tap Done. You can also do this when viewing your story, tap on the three dots at the bottom right, choose Story Settings, tap on Hide Story From, then choose the username.
(7) Interact via message replies. While Instagram forego likes and comments for this feature, you can comment or leave a note via direct messages. Direct messaging is one of the most overlooked features of Instagram, but with the launch of Instagram Stories, it brought back Instagram'ers to engaging from within the app, exchanging messages about books, toys, movies, places, or simply dropping words of encouragement. To leave a comment or message, when viewing other's story, you'll see Send Message at the bottom left of the screen, tap and type away. Note that this will only work for Instagram'ers who enabled Message Replies for everyone or people you follow.
(8) Save your stories or re-share as a regular post. If a story's worth keeping, then there's an option to save it from disappearing, but you'll have to do so within 24 hours after posting. Open your story, then tap on the three dots at the bottom right of the screen, then choose Save Photo. You can also re-share the story as a regular post. While viewing the story, tap on the three dots, choose Share as Post, then filter, add location, and caption like you normally do with an Instagram post, then Share, it will then be added to your Instagram feed with which others can like and comment on.
Need more help? Here's the complete documentation from the Instagram Help Center.


text:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
El Plan de Hermosillo es un manifiesto político mexicano proclamado el 3 de marzo de 1929 en Hermosillo, Sonora, por el general de división José Gonzalo Escobar. En él se desconocía a Emilio Portes Gil como presidente interino de México y se pedía la destitución de todos los legisladores, gobernadores y magistrados de la suprema corte que se opusieran a su realización. Igualmente proclamaba a Gonzalo Escobar como Jefe supremo del Ejército Renovador de la Revolución.

Mediante este documento dio inicio la rebelión escobarista, la cual duró pocos meses y fue disuelta por falta de apoyo.

Antecedentes
En julio de 1927 resultó elegido como gobernador del estado de Sonora Fausto Topete. Durante su mandato inició la aplicación de la educación grautita a nivel primaria y secundaria en el estado, igualmente redujo la deuda de Sonora y realizó inversiones en infraestructura.

En julio de 1928 se celebraron elecciones federales en México para escoger a un nuevo presidente de la república, resultando ganador Álvaro Obregón. Sin embargo, pocos días después de haber sido elegido, Obregón fue asesinado, dejando el puesto vacante. Ante esto el congreso decidió nombrar a Emilio Portes Gil como presidente interino de México.

Después de que Portes Gil asumiera la presidencia empezaron a surgir grupos políticos contrarios a él, acusándolo de ser dirigido por el expresidente Plutarco Elías Calles, cuyo gobierno había concluido el año anterior. De manera paralela Calles seguía teniendo gran influencia en escenario político nacional, lo que fortalecía las acusaciones contra el presidente interino. Entre las personas que se manifestaban en contra de su mandato estaba el gobernador Fausto Topete.

Proclamación
El 3 de marzo de 1929 fue proclamado el Plan de Hermosillo, desconociendo la presidencia de Portes Gil. El movimiento originado por él fue denominado rebelión escobarista, en referencia a su líder, el general de división José Gonzalo Escobar. El movimiento tuvo apoyo en varias entidades del país. Al día siguiente, 4 de marzo, el congreso de Sonora expidió la Ley 120, desconociendo al gobierno de Ciudad de México y otorgando facultades extraordinarias al gobernador del estado, entre ellas el mando sobre las oficinas federales, los asuntos de hacienda y guerra. Dos días después se le concedió una licencia para que pudiera encargarse de las acciones militares, siendo nombrado como gobernador provisional en su ausencia Jesús Lizárraga.

Al movimiento se sumaron los generales Jesús M. Aguirre en Veracruz, Francisco R. Mazo en Sonora, Francisco Urbalejo, Juan Gualberto Amaya y Enrique R. Nájera, en Durango y Marcelo Caraveo en Chihuahua.

Firmantes
El Plan de Hermosillo fue firmado por 36 personas entre ellas múltiples diputados federales y diputados locales de Sonora. Entre los firmantes más destacados están el gobernador de Sonora y su secretario de gobierno.
 General de División Francisco R. Manzo
 General de División Roberto Cruz
 General de Brigada Fausto Topete, gobernador de Sonora
 General de Brigada Eduardo C. García
 Coronel Gabriel Jiménez
 Senador Alejo Bay
 Jesús J. Lizárraga, Secretario de Gobierno de Sonora
 General de Brigada, Ramón F. Iturbe

Diputados federales
 Adalberto Encinas
 J. R. Rizo
 Gabriel V . Monterde
 Licenciado Adolfo Ibarra
 Selder Ramón Rossains
 C. Eugenio Gámez
 Teodomiro Ortiz
 R. Bracho
 Miguel Guerrero
 Ingeniero Flores G.
 Ricardo Topete
 Alfredo Romo
 Adalberto González
 Aurelio Manrique, Jr.
 Coronel L. Robles
 Gumersindo Esqueda
 Coronel Martín Bárcenas
 A. Rivera Soto
 C. García Bracho
 G. Madrid
 General Agustín Olachea
 Rafael Esqueroa
 M. José J. Meléndez
 Enrique Rivera

Diputados locales de Sonora
 Bernabé A. Soto
 Manuel L. Bustamante
 José J. Cota
 Félix Urías Avilés.

Véase también
 Guerra del Yaqui
 Maximato

Referencias

Hermosillo, plan de
México en 1929
Política en 1929
Historia del estado de Sonora
Hermosillo

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Economics, Finance and Strategy TBS Professor Joanna Pousset, PhD, focuses her research on the group dynamics that develop within boards of directors. As she explains it herself, it is her curiosity that moves her to unravel the mystery of that which happens behind closed doors. She studies how narcissism, machiavelism and ego are present in those in power, and how that affects business relationships and power struggles. Watch her analyse and discuss the group efficiency of boards of directors as well as the socially constructed differences between genders in business in our #TBSInsights interview.


At Stout Defense, P.A., clients are given Adam Stout's cellphone number so that they can readily contact him and discuss the status of their cases. Don't settle for an attorney who is hard to reach or fails to return your calls.
The law office of Stout Defense, P.A. is open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m., Monday through Friday. However, Adam Stout is available any day of the week, no matter the hour, for a free criminal defense consultation. Get the help you need now. Call, email or complete the Free Consultation form below to schedule your consultation.


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Story of Groundbreaking British Muslim Spy Who Resisted Nazis in WWII Acquired by Sky History (EXCLUSIVE)
U.K. broadcaster Sky History has acquired "Liberté," a short film about a female Muslim spy who served as a British secret agent during World War 2.
"Liberté" tells the true story of Noor Inayat Khan, the daughter of a Sufi preacher and an American, who became a France-based spy and radio operator for the British during the war, and was ultimately held captive by the Nazi regime and executed at the Dachau concentration camp.
The drama is written and co-produced by Sky News anchor, broadcaster and journalist Sam Naz, who also stars as Khan. The film is based on testimony given by Khan's German captors after the war. "Liberté" is believed to have been the last word uttered by Khan before her death.
This year marks the 80th anniversary of Khan's mission.
"Here was a key figure in the war effort who looked like me, yet I had known nothing about her growing up," said Naz in a statement. "I felt I had a duty to put Noor's courage front and centre."
Naz has worked for broadcasters including the BBC, Sky, ITN and NBC Euronews. Her production company Laconic Raven is currently developing the drama mini-series "S.O.E." — about the Special Operations org that was set up during the war, and which Khan was a part of — and the comedy drama "Off Air." She can regularly be seen anchoring Sky News.
Featuring music composed in Khan's memory by her late brother, Hidayat Inayat Khan, "Liberté" has been described by her nephews as an "extremely moving tribute" which "offers a glimpse of Noor's heroism that is both awe-inspiring and heart-wrenching."
The film also stars Oliver Boot ("The Time of Your Life") as the Nazi intelligence chief Hans Josef Kieffer, and is directed and co-produced by Christopher Hanvey ("Justice").
"Liberté" premieres on Sky History on Feb. 21.
Cardano Price Soars By 5% As Buying Pressure Is Increasing
See Kenny Omega as Sephiroth at NJPW Wrestle Kingdom 17

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I like this – "do not heap up empty phrases." An empty phrase would be anything we add to our communication that is grandiose beyond our normal style, that is meant to sound impressive to others or to make a point. Our God already communicates in every known language and in ways that are not language. Flowery speech and impressive words fall flat with our God. He wants us to speak normally and from the heart.
"They think they will be heard for their many words." This is a real problem for many believers today. We so easily add words upon words to our prayers, and before long we are telling God what to do and how to do it. Imagine, if you will, the five-year-old who is talking endlessly, telling you how you should be cooking that turkey, and exactly how to make the gravy. It seems at times that this is our approach to praying to our God. Fortunately for us, our God is abundantly patient with us.
This is the kind of praying the 400 prophets of Baal utilized in the showdown between their man-made religion of statues and true faith in the one God of all (recorded in 1 Kings 18). All day, all 400 of them prayed aloud. More and more loudly as the day wore on, we are told. They added all manner of visible signs of earnestness and piety, and nothing happened.
"Do not be like them, for your Father knows what you need before you ask." The point is that we are not to add unnecessary words to our prayers. We need not fill God in on the situation, as if He is unaware of what is going on. Nor does He need instructing on what we need or how the answer should be delivered. When the 400 prophets of Baal had exhausted themselves, Elijah prays one simple, short prayer and the answer was immediate. The point here is not that only simple prayers are answered, but that we need not heap up many words in order to be heard. Our God hears all prayers.
When Jesus states that our Father in heaven knows what we need before we ask, the implication is clear – we do not know what we need. Why do we insist on telling our God, who created everything and holds it all together, how to run the world or solve our problems? Most of the time, we really know only what we want, and not what we truly need, for faith, godliness, or any other need or situation. We really know nothing, because we have no way of knowing the details and outcomes of any situation. Unless our God divinely reveals something to us (He does that), we have only our opinions, and they are woefully selfish, short-sighted, and uninformed.
When we remember that Paul in Romans 8:26-27 reminds us that it is not the fitness or eloquence of our prayers that matter, rather the fact that the Holy Spirit is interceding for us in our praying. He in His infinite wisdom and mercy interprets our praying to our God. He knows the mind of God, and the Father knows the Spirit. Our prayers are in much better hands with the Holy Spirit than they could ever be in reliance on our ability to fashion an appropriate prayer.
When we overstep and begin to direct our God by our prayers, we are turning the tables in our relationship with Him, treating Him like a servant while we assume the role of an all-knowing master. This derives from our rebellious nature, and when we do it we are operating out of an unsurrendered mindset. We are essentially telling our God, "This is how you need to act; now, get on that." We dress it up more nicely than that, but at the core this is what we are doing.
As we learned in the last post, our praying is intended mostly as an expression of our intimate communion and companionship with our God. It is not primarily a forum for delivering our "grocery list" of spiritual and temporal wants. Certainly, our God is pleased when we bring our every concern to Him in prayer, yet we need to do so keeping two things in mind. First, our praying is not to be primarily about asking, it is about oneness and relationship first of all. Second, we can keep our petitions simple and short, for it is the work of the Holy Spirit to get our praying right before God and appropriate for the need.
That job is not up to us.
In the next post, we will explore relying on our God to direct us in prayer.
New covenant living is the life of Christ Jesus Himself, lived in us when we abandon our self-life and self-direction. Commit to this life, and you will live in the presence and power of the Spirit of Christ every day. You will not lose anything of eternal value, and you will find the life for which your soul longs.


text:
Craig Sandle
Edinburgh-bornCraigSandle joined Galvin Restaurants to head up the kitchen of the fine dining Pompadour by Galvin and Galvin Brasserie de Luxe in August 2012. He returned to his city of birth 15 years ago, and has since worked in a handful of establishments, most notably as Head Chef at Michelin-starred Restaurant Number One at Edinburgh's
Edinburgh-bornCraigSandle joined Galvin Restaurants to head up the kitchen of the fine dining Pompadour by Galvin and Galvin Brasserie de Luxe in August 2012.
He returned to his city of birth 15 years ago, and has since worked in a handful of establishments, most notably as Head Chef at Michelin-starred Restaurant Number One at Edinburgh's Balmoral Hotel for nine years.
He was instrumental in gaining its first Michelin star and retained this accolade for eight consecutive years.He was also an Acorn Award winner in 2005, Craft Guild of Chefs Restaurant Chef of the Year in 2008, a finalist in the 2006 National Chef of the Year and winner of Copa Jerez British Final.
Craigwas also a member of the Scottish Culinary team for four years. During that period the team won several medals including three gold medals at the 2001 World Culinary Grand Prix. He prides himself on developing his team and providing people with opportunities to grow. His menus are inspired by seasonal Scottish and French ingredients.
1 Michelin Star,Restaurant Number One
Acorn Award winner, 2005
Craft Guild of Chefs Restaurant Chef of the Year, 2008
National Chef of the Year, finalist, 2006
Copa Jerez British Final winner
The Pompadour by Galvin
Sommelier sessions with Jane Peyton
FOUR speaks to the UK's first beer sommelier of the year, Jane Peyton about how beer can complement almost any type of food, and why artisan beers are growing in popularity amongst men and women…
FOURNews | Michelin Guide UK & Ireland 2016 now out!
In true Michelin style the 2016 guide has been released ahead of schedule and has shocked us all with some fabulous surprises, celebrations and disappointments in store for culinary professionals.
#FOURNews | UK Pastry open has announced its latest participants
The highly anticipated UK Pastry open has official revealed the contenders for this year's competition…
FOURty Seconds with Taylor Bonnyman
Chef-owner Taylor Bonnyman of The Five Fields restaurant in Chelsea, London tells us about his wonderful cuisine and culinary life…


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Today as I shoveled snow off the roof here in Chautauqua County, I was thinking about the first winter for the Swedes in Sugar Grove, many of that group were living in the barn of William Faulkner. It is not very likely that they ate bruna bönor med fläsk or potatiskorv -- maybe some venison.
The early cooking of these Swedes is not a subject that I have run across in my research. Ingredients were different: the berries weren't the same, the sirap now was maple syrup, maybe the apple cider was similar. A great deal of adjustment had to have been made to cook in this new world.
A nice discussion of brown beans and their role in Swedish cooking can be found at www.oland.se/en/the-swedish-brown-bean
If you have any stories related to early (pre 1880) cooking of the Swedes in our area, please forward them to this site: jamestownswedes@hotmail.com. Tack!
Posted by John Everett Jones No comments:
Andover, Illinois
Soybeans, Henry County, Illinois. The power company pays $1000+ per year for each windmill. This almost was your family farm...
One of the most influential events in the history of Jamestown, New York happened a hundred and sixty-nine years ago in the summer of 1848 and 625 miles (1000 km) west in Andover, Illinois. You could even argue that the decision made that summer by Samuel Dahl was the most consequential decision ever made by any single individual in the history of our area.
In 1848 Samuel Dahl [1846.001] traveled from Buffalo, New York to Andover, Henry County, Illinois to see the farming and living conditions of a new Swedish settlement there. He returned to the Swedes working as farm laborers in Hamburg township (Erie County, New York) with an unfavorable opinion. Several families decided to go to Andover anyway, but the remaining group decided to settle near Germund and Catherine Johnson's farm in Sugar Grove, Pennsylvania.
Accounts of the Trip
The information about this trip comes from a single source, Frederick J. Johnson [1846.003]. Johnson was interviewed late in life by A.J. Lannes and the account of the trip in Civic and industrial progress of the Swedish people in Jamestown, 1848-1914 noted:
The plan of the party stranded in Buffalo had been to join the Bishop Hill settlement [sic ] in Illinois as soon as they had earned enough to pay their way there. Samuel Dahl even went westward for an investigation but returned to those who had remained in Buffalo and Hamburg (to which an addition of later immigrants also had come) with a harrowing tale of hardship and privation for their co-migrants and of bad drinking water in the western country. Frederick Johnson, who seems to have been the leader of the group, made a decision there and then to move with his family and kin and clan up to that fine country where Germund and Catherine were located, and which they had described as both fertile and beautiful. He went ahead with Samuel Dahl to look up sites, and on the 13th day of October, 1848, the other "trekked" to Sugar Grove, using horse wagons for their conveyance.
An earlier account with different details was included in the article "Svenskarne i Sugar Grove (Pennsylvanien), Jamestown (N.Y.) och å kringliggande platser." published by Hemlandet on 28 Mar 1877. That article included information that was almost certainly contributed by the same Frederick J. Johnson. Its likely author, Johan Alfred Enander (the editor of the paper), wrote this account1 of the events:
Month after month passed and they were filled with difficulties and trials. One year after the arrival in Buffalo, two of the Swedes, Hans Hurtig and Samuel Samuelson, left for Andover, Illinois. When they got there, they wrote their friends in Buffalo that, if they wished to come to Andover, they would be met with conveyances at Chicago. As a result of this letter, six or seven families journeyed to Andover in August, 1848.
... Germund Johnson therefore returned alone to Buffalo to get the rest of his family and his possessions and bring them to Sugar Grove. On the strength of his description of that place, Frederik Johnson and Samuel Dahl, both of whom had been to Andover but were dissatisfied with the soil there, accompanied him to Sugar Grove to "spy out the land."
The Trip Itinerary
These accounts suggest that Samuel Dahl returned to Buffalo with his opinion about the conditions in Andover before the families who made the decision in favor of Andover left in August 1848. These accounts also indicate that the fellow Swedes who had migrated to Andover in the summer of 1847 had written to the group and that Dahl's trip was in response to that letter. It is likely then that Samuel Dahl made his trip after the Spring planting in 1848, sometime from May to July of 1848.2
Henry Schenck Tanner. Tanner's Universal Atlas, 1844, p 31. Library of Congress permanent link: lccn.loc.gov/map45000245
The most likely route that Samuel Dahl would have taken was by lake steamer from Buffalo to Chicago. Advertised steamship travel from Buffalo to Chicago indicate that the trip would have taken three or four days. After arriving in Chicago, which had a population of about 20,000 in 1848, Dahl might have found support (lodging) from the small Swedish population there.
The distance from Chicago to Andover is about 170 miles (270 km). If he had been lucky, Dahl could have taken a packet or line boat on the newly opened 96 mile Illinois & Michigan Canal from Chicago to LaSalle. This travel required one full day (24 hours). From LaSalle it would be 80 miles to Andover, by stagecoach. It's more likely that Dahl went on foot – a distance similar to that walked by Germund and Catherine Johnson enroute to Sugar Grove.3 That amounts to about three days walking and a total minimum travel time from Buffalo to Andover of one week.
Overall, the trip would have taken about three weeks and would have cost the equivalent of 15 or 20 acres of undeveloped land in Warren County. The cost of the steamship one-way from Buffalo to Chicago was likely about $6 with better accommodations onboard costing $10. My guess is that this investigative trip was a communal decision and that the overall cost was shared in some manner.
The timing of Samuel Dahl's trip was fortuitous. While much warmer than western New York, the weather in Illinois during the summer of 1848 seems to have been a little cooler than normal. The next summer (1849) was marked by the outbreak of cholera along the entirety of this route. Hans Hurtig,4 one of the Swedes named in the 1877 article, died in Andover in 1849.
Named Factors for the Decision
The reason given in the 1877 account, the condition of the farm land in Andover, is nearly stupefying. A comparison of the contemporary USDA rating of soils on Germund Johnson's farm in Chandlers Valley indicate a typical productivity for corn at 80 to 105 bushels per acre, oats at 65 to 80 bushels per acre and hay at 3.0 to 3.5 tons per acre. The rating for the soils near Andover indicate a typical productivity for corn at 140 to 195 bushels per acre, oats at 70 to 105 bushels per acre and hay at 3.2 to 7.0 tons per acre. The prairie soil was unfamiliar to the Swedes and its mechanical qualities (stickiness) made it difficult for iron plows of this era (John Deere had introduced his improved steel plow in 1837). But generally speaking, you can look at the land and see that it would be much better for farming and Samuel Dahl was an experienced farm worker.
The later account (Lannes, 1914) indicated that Samuel Dahl had encountered problems with water quality. In an era of cholera, typhoid and other diseases this was a major concern. Henry County is normally a little bit dryer than our region. The rainfall in Henry county is typically 37 inches (930 mm) of rain and 27 inches of snow. Sugar Grove has an average of 44 inches (1115 mm) of rain and 80 inches of snow; and Erie County (where they were working) gets 41 inches with 108 inches of snow. The Henry County prairie has slow moving creeks rather than the fast moving small streams and rivers of Warren County.
The misery that may be referenced in the Lannes account could be the situation at the Bishop Hill Colony5 during the summer of 1848. Bishop Hill was a religious colony/society near Andover where members of the Eric Jansson sect settled. Most of this group were from northern Sweden and began arriving in numbers in 1846. In 1848 there were possibly 800 - 1000 immigrants, although several hundred of them arrived later in the summer. Historical accounts indicate that a shipful of Janssonites had arrived at the colony with a disease (questionably listed as scurvy), and that about thirty of this party died in Bishop Hill after an extended and horrific battle with the malady. That episode was made worse by the religious leadership who forbade medical treatment and promoted fasting and prayer as the cure. Outside parties attempted to intervene, including Jonas Hedstrom, the brother of Olof G. Hedstrom and a Methodist minister.
Unnamed Factors for the Decision
It's hotter in Andover – just as cold as our area in the winter, but 90° F (32°C) weather in the summer is common and 100°F (38°C) is not unusual. Enough said for a Swede who is concerned about work, not vacation.
It is prairie land in Andover. It doesn't look anything like the terrain around Lönneberga where Samuel Dahl was born and worked. There are two small lakes, swamps and ponds near the beginning of the Green River in the north, but no major lake in the area. There were some wooded areas, but Bishop Hill had to bring in lumber from outside the area quite early in its construction.
I would suggest that it was the absence of substantial forests (sustainable woodlots) that may have been the pivotal factor in the decision against moving to Andover. The importance of the forest and a good edge tool to a Smålander likely superseded the attractive features of Andover. The woods of Warren and Chautauqua counties would provide a self-reliant independence for these Swedish immigrants.
Accounts indicate that it was very tough cutting through the native sod to turn the prairie into cultivated land, but that effort pales compared to the work involved removing tree stumps from a forest land to make it tillable. It is quite a price to pay for a place that looks like home.
Sophisticated Decision Making
While this trip by Samuel Dahl is a footnote in our histories, I find the communications involved and the investigation conducted to be signs of a fairly sophisticated community, albeit that they were penniless immigrants.
The group of Swedish immigrants who arrived in 1847 and settled in Andover wrote to their compatriots in Buffalo.6 That seems simple until you consider the logistics.
First, how do you find out where another group of immigrants is living? That information would have been gathered from either 1) triangulated communication through letters home to Sweden; 2) triangulated communication through an intermediary such as the Hedstroms and the Bethel ship who communicated with both groups; or most likely, 3) a Swede who happened to meet someone from the Virginia group in Buffalo and then met the Swedes in Andover, Illinois. It is no small feat making this connection.
Second, how do you successfully get a letter to the other group? Most likely, that was accomplished by the U.S. mail, but you need to be able to send it to a fixed address. That is complicated when the recipients are day laborers and farm workers.
The letter that is referred to in the 1877 article is a much simpler communication – it seems likely that Samuel Samuelsson, one of those who left Buffalo for Andover in 1847, would have written to his fourteen year-old son, Samuel Leonard, who had been taken in by the Swift family in East Hamburg.
Next, the group had to raise enough money to pay for an expedition. Remember, these immigrants were on the margin of subsistence. Then, the group needed to send someone who they could agree upon as dependable and who they could trust to provide a fair report. This speaks volumes about the character of Samuel Dahl.
Once Dahl returned from Andover, then a further aspect of the group was shown. The Swedes in Buffalo did not make a decision as a cohesive group. Instead, half chose to go to Andover based on Dahl's report and half chose Sugar Grove. Unlike the passengers of the Augusta who had pooled their resources to get to Iowa (see blog footnote), the passengers of the Virginia acted as family units whose responsibility to the larger community was limited.
This text is from an anonymous translation made of the later, slightly revised article by Rev. H.O. Lindbland that is in the collection of his papers archived at the Swenson Center, Augustana College.
I doubt that Frederick J. Johnson made this trip (as indicated in the 1877 article). The high cost of the trip and the absence of any indication in the A.J. Lannes history strongly suggest that the trip was made only by Samuel Dahl.
Also, in my opinion, Frederick J. Johnson's short (auto)biography in Schenck's History of Warren County, 1887, p Li (51) was somewhat boastful (I have not been able to verify his land holdings) leading me to believe that if he had indeed made this trip that he would have made note of it in this write-up.
Another passenger from the Virginia may have also gone West to investigate and returned to the group in Buffalo (alone or with Samuel Dahl). Anders and Ingrid Catherine Norman are credited as the second Swedish settlers in Burlington, Iowa in 1847. Anders Norman died there in 1871 and "Carrie" Norman died in Burlington in 1896. However, in our local histories one member of the small group who settled in Sugar Grove in October 1848 was the old soldier Norman. That was clearly a reference to Anders Norman [i2160], yet there is no reference to his wife or his son. Both of these two historical notes might be correct, but they demand a peculiar sequence of events best explained by a scouting trip.
It is unlikely that Dahl would have missed work during the Fall harvest in 1847 and the Spring planting of 1848. Travel during the winter months was very difficult and lake traffic stopped for several months.
A shipload of Janssonists arrived during the summer of 1848 having walked from Chicago to Henry County.
Hans Hurtig [O-W 2091] arrived 6 March 1847 in New York City aboard the Edla from Stockholm. Hurtig was not connected to any of the passengers of the Virginia who were in Buffalo. Hurtig was an ex-Janssonist who likely met Samuel Samuelsson in Buffalo and then traveled together to Andover. Hurtig died of cholera in 1847 or 1849 (Olsson and Wikén, 1995: 294).
The Bishop Hill Colony was an anomaly in Swedish immigration. It can be compared to the later immigration of Swedish converts to Mormonism – both emigrations were typically organized by the church hierarchy. The Janssonist emigration was substantial and represented an important portion of all Swedish emigration during a decade beginning in 1846.
Their settlement in Henry County was largely due to the influence of O.G. Hedstrom in New York and his connection with his brother Jonas Hedstrom in Victoria, Illinois, near Henry County. There is a great deal written about this sect. See Wikipedia or this article by H. Arnold Barton for additional basic information.
It is very clear from the migration of the Swedish immigrants who arrived aboard the VIRGINIA in 1846 that their initial destination was Jefferson County, Iowa and Peter Cassel's settlement. In 1847 another group of Swedes from their home area settled near Andover, Henry County. Like the Janssonists, their settlement in Andover was related to the advise of the Hedstroms. Their objective had also been Peter Cassel's New Sweden settlement in Iowa, but because of complications crossing the Mississippi River, they remained in Illinois – they were never part of the religious colony at Bishop Hill (15 miles/25 km southeast of Andover).
This curious error by A.J. Lannes mistaking their destination as the Bishop Hill Colony likely reflects the changed perception of the sect at the turn of the twentieth century. The reconsideration of the Janssonist community began with the first substantial history of Swedish immigrants by Johnson and Peterson in 1880. Their history includes a chapter written by Eric Johnson (son of one of the founders of the colony) dedicated to the history of Bishop Hill, see "Bishops Hill-Koloniens Historia" in Svenskarne i Illinois, Historiska Anteckningar. Swedish-American historians became fascinated with this communal society and many books and articles were written about the Janssonists, see for example Michael A. Mikkelsen, The Bishop Hill colony, a religious communistic settlement in Henry County, Illinois. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins, 1892.
This correspondence between groups is discussed by Maria Erling in "The Connections Correspondence Made," Swedish-American Historical Quarterly, vol 56, No 2-3 (April-July 2005), p 173-182.
Labels: Andover, Illinois, Samuel Dahl
I have recently come across a March 25, 1863 article in the Swedish language American newspaper Hemlandet that described the local Swedes in the Chautauqua Regiment, the New York 112th Infantry. The article was written by Carl Johan Neil (aka Charles Neil from Harmony) and listed the Swedes in various companies and described their activity up until the end of February 1863.
From countrymen in the New York 112th regiment.
Names of the Swedes who last year enrolled in the New York 112th Volunteer regiment:
Company A: Teodor Pettersson from Jamestown, Chautauqua Co., N. Y.
Jan Petterson, ditto.
Jan A. Peterson, ditto.
William Peterson, Fluvanna.
Johan August Nathanaelson, Town of Poland.
Company F: Ekelund, Jamestown,
Jan Larson, ditto.
Augustus Jons, ditto.
Jan Swenson, ditto.
William Swanson, Warren co. Pa.
August Janson. Bucklins Corner [Gerry].
Company H: George Thompson, Mayville.
John Dalen, ditto.
Carl Gorman ditto.
Company E: Andr. Anderson, Mayville.
Peter Johan Peters, ditto.
Peter Larson, Portland.
Company G: Gustaf Spencer, Portland.
Fredrik Lindal. Mayville.
Levant Sharpshooters: Alfred Linquist.
Jan Larson from Fluburg [Frewsburg], dead.
Conrad Bens, dead, Town of Eilre [Ellery], (raised and named by an American.)
Fredrik Janson, Sugar Grove, courier with this regiment.
Company D: Johan Janson from Busti.
August Neil, Harmony.
Carl Johan Neil, ditto.
These twenty-six Swedes had enlisted in 1862 in the Chautauqua Regiment and the independent company of the Levant Sharpshooters (NY 1st Battalion, Company 7). The article was written after six months of duty and noted that two countrymen had died. By the end of the war, seven more of the Swedes on this list had given their life for their adopted county, including the author of this Hemlandet article, Charles Neil.
Company H
†George Thompson [i1941] died from a shell wound in the right thigh 25 Apr 1863 at Black Island, SC, likely burial in Beaufort National Cemetery, Section 27, Site 2560. He was baptized August Andersson born 16 Jul 1833 in Liared parish, Älvsborgs län. He had emigrated from his home parish in 1852 and lived in Iowa where he married in 1856 then moved to Chautauqua County and enlisted in Westfield. Pension documents indicate that his widow Christina died in 1902.
†John Dalen [1850.063] died as a prisoner of war at Salisbury, NC on 6 Jan 1865. He had been taken P.O.W. at Chaffins Farm, VA on 29 Sep 1864 and is likely buried in Salisbury National Cemetery (Findagrave #109659725); however his name, or any variation (John A. Delain), is not included in the US Veterans Affairs Nationwide Gravesite Locator database. Johan Alfrid Dahlén was born 21 Nov 1840 in Djursdala parish in Kalmar län. His family received their exit permission from that parish in 1849, but the family arrived aboard the Swedish barque Virginia on 3 Sep 1850 in New York City and later settled in the Town of Pomfret (Fredonia) in northern Chautauqua County.
Company E
†Andrew Anderson [i3198] died 17 Jan 1865 in hospital from wounds received in the Fort Fisher battle. He is likely buried in Wilmington National Cemetery (Findagrave #109698564) but his name is not included in the US Veterans Affairs Nationwide Gravesite Locator database. Andrew Anderson was born about 1838, and lived in Brocton, Town of Portland. His origin and immigration have not yet been identified.
†Peter J. Peterson [1851.008] died 19 Jan 1865 from wounds received in the battle for Fort Fisher. He had been previously wounded in action at Cold Harbor. He is likely buried in Wilmington National Cemetery (Findagrave #109667407) but his name is not included in the US Veterans Affairs Nationwide Gravesite Locator database. Peter Johan was born 27 Nov 1842 in Vimmerby parish, Kalmar län, and emigrated with his family in 1851 who settled near Mayville in the Town of Chautauqua, Chautauqua County.
†Peter Lawson [1853.034] died 8 October 1863 in hospital at Folly Island, SC and is buried in Beaufort National Cemetery, Section 27, Site 2431. Peter Larsson was born 10 Oct 1844 in Björketorp Parish, Älvsborgs län, and emigrated with his family in 1853 who settled in the Town of Portland in northern Chautauqua County.
Levant Sharpshooters
†John Lawson [ 1852.226] died of disease, December 20, 1862, at Suffolk, VA and is buried in Hampton National Cemetery, Section C, Site 1997. The Hemlandet article lists him as Jan Larson from Fluburg, and the New York Adjutant General report indicates that he enlisted in the Town of Ellery, however the Town Clerks' Record of Soldiers and Officers who served notes that he was from the Town of Carroll suggesting that he was from Frewsburg not Fluvanna (Town of Ellery). His birthdate and parents names identify him as Lars Johan the son of Anders Larsson and Anna Johansdotter born 30 June 1844 in Hillared parish, Älvsborgs län, who emigrated with his family in 1852 from neighboring Ljushult parish and settled near Ivory in the Town of Carroll.
Pvt Joseph C. Benz (image edited),
New York State Military Museum,
Item PA.199.0014.0088
†Conrad Benz died from disease 2 Nov 1862 in Suffolk, VA and was buried in Hampton National Cemetery, Section B-H, Site 4594. Conrad Bens was described in the Hemlandet article as a countryman from the Town of Ellre [sic, Ellery] who had been raised and named by an American family. He has not been identified in the 1855 NY State census, but he is enumerated in the 1860 US census living/working at the Erasmus Darwin Strong farm in Ellery. Benz was listed as born in Germany in the Ellery Town Clerk's Report.
His older brother, Joseph C. Benz, was raised by the same family and served in the New York 72nd Infantry, Co. B. All listings for his brother indicate place of birth as Germany and in the censuses of 1900 and 1910 he indicated that he had arrived in America in 1853 (age 12).
While listing Conrad Benz from Ellery, Charles Neil ommitted any listing for †Andrew Johnson [1852.155] who died 3 Jun 1864 in the battle of Cold Harbor and was buried in Cold Harbor National Cemetery, Section A, Site 6. This was Anders Gustaf Svensson born 29 Aug 1840 in Asby Parish, Östergötlands län who emigrated with his parents in 1852 and settled in Columbus Township, Warren County, Pennsylvania. The Ellery Town Clerk records listed the same birth date and indicated that his father was S.P. Johnson, an almost certain reference to Sven Peter Jonsson (S.P. Jones) of Columbus. The Ellery Town Clerk record incorrectly listed his place of birth as Germany.
Company D
†John Johnson died 18 Nov 1864 at Fort Monroe, VA from the wounds he received in the battle at Darbystown Road. His burial location is uncertain, but he might be interred as "J Johnson" in Section E, Site 1157 or as "Jno Johnson" Section E, Site 222 in Hampton National Cemetery. He was listed in the Hemlandet article as Johan Janson from Busti, but his origin and immigration have not yet been identified.
†Charles Neil [1852.099] died 29 Aug 1863 at Folly Island, SC from disease, six months after writing this article for Hemlandet. He is buried as "Charles Niel" in Beaufort National Cemetery, Section 27, Site 2451. Carl Johan Nihl was born 5 Jun 1820 at Husartorpet Nr. 74 Kallersebo in Målilla parish, Kalmar län, the son of Nils Fredrik Nihl and Christina Magnidotter. He was the only soldier from our area who had previously served in the Swedish military.
His father was career military, a husar (calvaryman) in the Överstelöjtnantens skvadron of the Smålands lätta Dragoner. The Smålands Husarregemente's origins dated back to the 16th century. Husar Nils Fredrik Nihl died from typhoid in 1843.
Carl Johan enlisted in November 1840 in the Aspelands Compani of the Calmare Regemente. From 1842 until retiring 3 Mar 1852 he was stationed as a reserve infantry soldier at Soldattorp No. 73 Backen u. Ryds Nerby in Järeda parish. He was listed in the muster rolls as Carl Johan Nilsson Hjelm, the military surname Hjelm (hjälm = helmet) recurring at this soldattorp. He and his family left from this post for America in 1852.
The Nihl family emigrated from Målilla and Järeda Parishes in 1851 and 1852 and settled in the Town of Harmony in Chautauqua County. Charles's wife, Louisa, whose father was also a husar, never remarried, and died 29 Aug 1886 in Harmony. Only four of their nine children survived to adulthood. A family history written by Rosa Neil Crandall in 1908 is a unique and interesting description of the lives of the early Swedes in Chautauqua County. See The Neil family, Sweden-America, 1718-1908. Albion, N.Y.: A.M. Eddy Press. 1908. It is available as a digital edition.
Left: Charles Gorman, 112th NY Infantry shown in military uniform.
Right: Kalmar Regemente 1845 uniform (shown with N.C.O helmet)
It is curious that Charles Neil, Augustus Neil, Augustus N. Jones and Frank Jones who were all sons of career military husars did not enlist with the NY 9th Cavalry. This may indicate the importance of the timing of the enlistment over individual interests or background.
Additonal Notes
Augustus Blood [1851.188] who was taken in by Luther Blood and raised by Asa Blood in Portland is likely listed by Neil as Gustaf Spencer, Portland. Spencer likely refers to Blood's use of the surname Swanson (his father was Jonas Peters Svensson who died three years after arriving in America).
Fredrik Janson, Sugar Grove, the courier or newspaper correspondent for the Levant sharpshooters is an unknown reference. There is no entry for this person in the Report of the New York Adjutant General for this regiment. This might refer to Frederick J. Johnson [1846.003], one of the founders of the settlement in Chandlers Valley, but it seems unlikely since he was 44 years old in 1862.
The thirty-five per cent (35%) fatality rate is high but not among the worst of the war. In addition to these deaths, several veterans returned to the area disabled, including Augustus N. Jones [i0527], the younger brother of my great, great-grandfather. He was wounded at the Battle of Cold Harbor and lost the use of his right arm. After the war he lived in Sugar Grove and then Jamestown, but never married.
Other Regiments
The death toll in other local regiments was similar. In total, about 25 Swedes from the area died for the Union cause. As with research in general about Civil War veterans, the information is inconsistent and at times ambiguous. For additional information see the previous blog on the participation of Swedes in the Civil War.
New York 72nd Infantry Regiment
†F. Maurits Fincke [1854.008] died of typhoid fever 21 Dec 1862 in Jamestown after being discharged for disability 17 October from chronic diarrhea and was buried in Lake View Cemetery, Cypress Section, Lot 45. He was one of the first wave from Chautauqua County who enlisted with Col. James M. Brown to fight for the Union in the first month of the war. Fincke signed-up as a private in Company B of the NY 72nd Infantry Regiment and was soon reassigned as a hospital steward, but not as a surgeon. At his discharge, Fincke was serving at the US Army (Marcus Ward) Hospital in Newark, NJ, a 4-storey warehouse converted to medical facility that received the injured via the adjacent rail line.
Fincke daily diary, May 1862 at Fort Scott, Arlington, VA
Frederic Mauritz Finke was born 14 Dec 1815 in Stockholm. He received his medical training there and then moved to Karlshamn where he was the physician for the Alms house. He married Lovisa Harms in Karlshamn in 1842 and the family emigrated in 1854 - his wife giving birth to a so
n, Ely Wilhelm Frederick Fincke, aboard the Cambria en route to America. The family first lived in Brooklyn, but Fincke encountered difficulty finding work because of his limited English. After a year, the family relocated to Jamestown, but the doctor found similar conditions in the village and his family lived in poverty.
After Fincke's medical discharge he returned to Jamestown in time to be the attending physician for his wife who died from consumption on 28 November 1862. Fincke died three weeks later leaving two orphaned sons: Gustavas M. Finkey who was serving in the NY 100th Regiment and Ely who was taken in by the Jamestown lawyer Levant Brown. The tragic effects of the Civil War on the family continued when Gustaf was captured 6 May 1864 at Drewry's Bluff, VA, and imprisoned at Andersonville. He survived the ordeal, but on release was described as a broken man. Gustaf settled in Michigan and died 8 Mar 1919 in Augusta, Kalamazoo County. The younger son used the name Ely Brown and died 8 Dec 1932 in Wickliffe, Lake County, Ohio.
†Otto Nelson [1851.118] died from his wounds 16 Dec 1861 at Williamsburg, VA and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery, Section 13, site 12749. Otto Nelson enlisted in the Town of Kiantone and indicated that he was 21. He is very likely to have been Nils Otto Larsson born 24 Mar 1837 in Västra Eneby parish, Östergötlands län, who emigrated with his widowed mother and siblings in 1851. Two of his unmarried younger sisters used the surname Nelson suggesting that their mother, Stina Nilsdotter, had adapted her patronymic name to Nelson in the United States.
†John A. Peterson [1852.015] died from his wounds 10 May 1862 at Williamsburg, VA. There is a marker for him at Hessel Valley Lutheran Cemetery, however he was likely buried at Yorktown National Cemetery (although he is not listed in the US Veterans Affairs Nationwide Gravesite Locator database). He was born 1&nbspJun 1836 in Lönneberga parish, Kalmar län, and emigrated with his family in 1852, settling in Sugar Grove township, Warren County.
†Andrew Johnson [i1943] died of disease 20 Feb 1864 as a prisoner of war in Richmond, VA. The location of his burial is unknown. Johnson was born about 1834 and according to pension documents he lived in the area of Stenberga parish, Jönköpings län. His origin and identity remain undocumented, however, he is possibly Anders Gustaf Johansson, born 31 Mar 1828 in Skirö parish, who emigrated in the same year (1853) and from the same parish (Stenberga) as his future wife. In Oct 1855 he married Johanna Maria Jonsdotter in Busti in a ceremony celebrated by Rev. Bargland (sic, B.G.P. Bergenlund). Andrew Johnson has not been identified in the 1860 U.S. census, but his wife and children were enumerated in Meeker County, Minnesota in the household of her siblings. After the war, Johanna remarried and remained in Minnesota.
New York 9th Cavalry Regiment
†Frederick Lawson [1850.031] died 11 Jun 1864 at Trevilian Station, Louisa County, VA, during the largest cavalry battle of the war. His burial location is unknown although some of the dead were buried as unknown soldiers in Oakwood Cemetery in Lousia, VA. Nils Fredrik Larsson was born 4 Oct 1838 in Pelarne parish, Kalmar län and emigrated with his family in 1850, settling in Sugar Grove township.
†Charles J. Jones [1851.044] died of disease 19 May 1862 at City Hospital, New York City, NY, burial location unknown. Carl Johan Carlsson was born 25 Oct 1839 in Viserum parish, Kalmar län and emigrated with his family from Vimmerby in 1851. His parents, Charles P. and Helen M. Jones, settled in Sugar Grove Township.
†Charles Peterson [i1937] died of disease 4 Dec 1862 at Chantilly, VA, and was buried in Lake View Cemetery (Jamestown), Monument Hill Section, Lot 7, Row 1, Grave 3. Charles Peterson is very likely to have been Carl Johan Petersson who was born 13 Feb 1835 in Stora Åby parish, Östergötlands län, likely emigrated in 1853, and worked in the Town of Ellicott/Jamestown. Carl Johan's sister, Mrs. Lars August (Mary) Johnson died from consumption 18 Aug 1864 in Jamestown.
†John A. Barge [1851.092] died of disease 7 June 1862 at David's Island Army Hospital, New Rochelle, New York, and was likely buried on the hospital grounds. Many of these soldiers were later re-interred at Cypress Hill National Cemetery, Brooklyn/Queens, New York. John A. Barge was almost certainly Johan August Berg who was born 14 Aug 1838 in Hässleby Parish, Jönköpings län who had emigrated with his parent in 1851, and worked in the Town of Busti. There is almost no documentation about this soldier, although he entered at age 23 and rose from private to sergeant in Company F.
New York 49th Infantry Regiment
†Ole Olstrom [i3217] died 17 May 1863 in Williamsburg, VA according to the compiled list of soldiers from the Town of Ellicott. Olstrom was listed as enrolling August 1862 as a private at age 24 (b. 1838). Olstrom is not included in the roster of the Adjutant General for the 49th Infantry nor other documentation located so far. His name, regiment and death date are uncertain; his identity and origins are unknown.
This list by the Town Clerks included deaths as "reported by the families to which the deceased belonged when at home" but there is no indication for the source of this information and there was no family with this surname in our area during this time period. The New York 49th was not in the vicinity of Williamsburg in May 1863, but it was there in May 1862.
This is very possibly a misreported listing for a soldier named Ole Ole, who enlisted 23 Jun 1861 in Staten Island in the New York 72nd Infantry Regiment, Co. G and who died from his woulds 18 May 1862 in Williamsburg and is buried in Yorktown National Cemetery. This soldier's identity and origin are unknown as is any connection to our area.
Coincidentally, there was an Ohlstrom of the correct age living with Germund Johnson [1846.007] in Goodhue County, Minnesota in 1860. This was the young Methodist minister, Nicholas S. Ohlstrom who died 28 Sep 1864 at Jefferson Barracks, St. Louis, Missouri, likely from malaria. He was buried at Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery, Section 34, Site 3395 (he is listed with his name misspelled as Nichalas S. Olstrum). Ohlstrom had been appointed in August 1862 to raise a company of recruits in Goodhue County for the Minnesota 6th Infantry Regiment (The Stillwater Messenger, August 12, 1862, p 3) but was not mustered in due to poor eyesight. He enlisted later in the war with the Minnesota 7th Infantry Regiment, Co. F. His origins in Sweden or Norway and his emigration are unknown.
New York 154th Cavalry Regiment
†Elias B. Skone [i3138] died of disease 2 May 1863 at Chancellorsville, VA, and was buried in a battlefield grave. He enlisted in the Town of Portland. His identity as a Swedish child who had been taken in by an immigrant Irish family named O'Hare is confirmed by the 1855 NY and 1860 US censuses, but his origin and emigration remain unknown (possibly from Skåne).
111th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment
†John Anderson [1852.046] died 14 Oct 1862 at Antietam, VA, burial at Antietam National Cemetery, Site 3716. Johan Gustaf Johansson (Andersson) was born 18 Aug 1838 in Hult parish, Jönköpings län and emigrated with his family in 1852, settling near Wrightsville in Warren County.
†Charles Hultberg [1851.034] died 20 Jul 1864 at Peachtree Creek, GA, burial location unknown. He had been wounded previously at Cedar Mountain, VA. on August 9, 1862. Carl Magnus Hultberg was born 25 Jun 1846 in Frödinge parish, Kalmar län and his family emigrated from Vimmerby in 1851, settling in Sugar Grove Township. His older brother Andrew served in the same company and was taken as a prisoner of war the same day that Charles was killed.
†Peter J. Lind [1855.005] died 15 Sep 1862 at Alexandria, VA and was buried at the Soldiers' Home Cemetery, Site D 4221 (now the US Soldiers' and Airmen's Home National Cemetery) Washington, DC. His name is included on the Lind family monument in Berea Lutheran Cemetery. Peter Johan Hansson was born 6 May 1843 in Hässleby parish, Jönköpings län and emigrated with his parents in 1855 and settled near Wrightsville, Warren County.
†John Lind [1855.007] died 28 Dec 1864 at Savannah, GA and was buried at Beaufort National Cemetery, Section 38, Site 4414. His name is included on the Lind family monument in Berea Lutheran Cemetery. Johannes Hansson was born 24 Jun 1847 in Hässleby parish. He was a younger brother of Peter J. Lind.
Pennsylvania 64th Cavalry Regiment
†Charles G. Agrelius [1851.106] died 24 Aug 1862 in the US Army General Hospital in Chester, PA, and was buried at Philadelphia National Cemetery, Section A, Site 71. His name is included on the Agrelius family monument in Elmwood Cemetery, Lindsborg, KS. Carl Gustaf Agrelius was born 26 Dec 1840 in Järstad parish, Östergötlands län, his family emigrated from that parish in 1851 and settled in Brokenstraw Township, Warren County.
Pennsylvania 83rd Infantry Regiment
†Andrew P. Agrelius [1851.107] died 15 Oct 1864 as a prisoner of war at Florence, SC, and was likely buried at Florence National Cemetery in an unmarked grave. His name is included on the Agrelius family monument in Elmwood Cemetery, Lindsborg, KS. He enlisted in the 83rd Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment and was captured 5 May 1864 at the Battle of the Wilderness where he was mistakenly reported killed in action. Agrelius was a prisoner of war at Andersonville before his transfer to Florence Prison. Anders Peter Agrelius was born 23 Jul 1843 in Järstad parish. He was a younger brother of Charles G. Agrelius.
Labels: Agrelius, Civil War, NY 112th Infantry, NY 49th Infantry, NY 72nd Infantry, NY 9th Cavalry, PA 111th Infantry, veterans
From illegal immigrants to American citizens
Many of the Swedes who settled in our area entered the United States unlawfully.1 These immigrants were not approved for entry, held no visas permitting them access to the country and arrived without sufficient financial resources to be independent. Despite their unassured circumstances, they came and created a new community in our area. As we recount the stories of these ancestors who survived and prospered here, we should not lose sight of all of the other immigrants who died of hunger and sickness, undocumented along the way.
The story of Germund and Catherine Johnson, the founders of the Swedish community in our region (Sugar Grove/Chandlers Valley) recounts the events surrounding a shipload of Swedes who did not meet the financial qualifications for legal entry in the port of New York. Unable to travel to their destination (Iowa), these Swedes had to depend on American goodwill in their newly adopted land just to survive. Through the assistance of a charity, Louisa and Josephine (Sara Sophia) Johnson were taken in by American families and as a result of that kindness, Swedes ended up settling in northwestern Pennsylvania and western New York.2
Citizenship and Land Ownership in Pennsylvania
One of the major factors pushing our Swedish ancestors from their homeland was their inability to own land. The limitations built into Sweden's class structure meant that an increasing part of the population did not have the prospect of owning their own farm. America pulled these Swedish emigrants to our shore with the enticement of land. Although the issues of citizenship and land ownership were interconnected for this history, in practice it usually took Swedes many years to become land owners – usually sufficient time for them to also become citizens.
Arriving Swedes were not required to be citizens to own land in Pennsylvania. The legal basis for Swedish settlers to purchase land in Pennsylvania was established in the Commonwealth's first constitution in 1776 – this incentive for immigration was built into the law from the beginning. The success of Pennsylvania in extending rights to new immigrants influenced other states and the national government in its policies.
The "progressive" granting of property rights prior to naturalization was unobjectionable in part because a few states had already granted property rights to foreigners. The Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776, for example, granted property rights to aliens who had declared their allegiance to the state and allowed them to be elected to state office after two years as "free denizen[s]."
PENN. CONST. of 1776, § 42. The Constitution stated: Every foreigner of good character who comes to settle in this state, having first taken an oath or affirmation of allegiance to the same, may purchase, or by other just means acquire, hold, and transfer land or other real estate; and after one year's residence, shall be deemed a free denizen thereof, and entitled to all the rights of a natural born subject of this state, except that he shall not be capable of being elected a representative until after two years residence
Source: Allison Brownell Tirres. "Ownership Without Citizenship: The Creation of Noncitizen Property Rights." Michigan Journal of Race and Law, Volume 19, Issue 1, p 18.
Citizenship and Land Ownership in New York
There were legal restrictions in New York State for alien ownership of land. These restrictions were eased in 1825, however, in principal, land ownership was to be limited to American citizens.3 This issue of foreign ownership was especially relevant in our region.
Nearly all of the land in western New York had been owned by non-citizens: the Holland Land Company.4 The legal basis for the Holland Land Company remained complicated during the first decades of land settlement in Chautauqua County. The Holland Land Company employed various advocates and lobbyists in Albany to fight for their interests, including both Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr. In 1836 setbacks in Albany resulted in new taxation and the Dutch investors sold their remaining interests in Chautauqua County to an investment group of Trumbull Cary, George Lay and others from Batavia, New York.5 This group brought in William Seward as land agent, who worked in the county from 1836 to 1838 (he ran for Governor and was elected in November 1838). His brother, Benjamin J. Seward, then replaced him as land agent. Payment of William Seward with land resulted in Seward being the grantor of the land title registered to the first Swedish family in Chautauqua County – Isaac and Christina Been.
Land Title registered 17 June 1852, Grantor: William Seward, Grantee: Isaac Killian Been. Although Isaac and Christina Been immigrated here on 25 March 1844, they only became naturalized citizens on 15 June 1863.
Naturalization and Land Contracts
Conditional land sales had been used by the Holland Land Company since the earliest settlements in Chautauqua and Warren County. These conditional sales required new settlers to begin making improvements during a grace period and then make a down payment. After the down payment, a land contract was signed that guaranteed the land to the settler once they had completed payments. Time limits set by the land contracts were not usually strictly enforced. When the land contract was fully paid the title was transferred at Mayville or Warren. These conditional sales continued as a practice with the new group represented by Seward that succeeded the Holland Land Company in Chautauqua County and likely by Harm Jan Huidekoper of Meadville who succeeded the Holland Land Company in Warren County. Because this process could take many years, we don't find a large number of land titles granted to Swedes prior to the Civil War.
This extended purchase time for land coincided with the time required by immigrants to become citizens.
The law for becoming a citizen of the United States for the early Swedish immigrants was the Naturalization Law of 1802 signed on April 14, 1802. The law allowed naturalization after five years of residence in the United States and three years after making a declaration of intent to become a citizen. This process was handled at the county courts in Mayville (Chautauqua County) and Warren (Warren County). The process was quite simple, aside from various restrictions that usually didn't apply to these early Swedish settlers:
they had to be white6 and over twenty-one;
they had to be free -- if they were "held in service" then their master had to apply;
they had to reside in the county for a year prior to application;
they required proof that they had resided for the required time, usually provided by a witness or affidavit;
they had to be of good moral character;
they could not be native citizens of a belligerent country (the United States has never been at war with Sweden); and,
they had to renounce any noble title.7
The court in Warren charged for registering the petition of intent ($1.00) and naturalization ($1.50). There were significantly fewer applications in Warren County than there were in Chautauqua County.
The children of naturalized citizens were made citizens of the United States under the statute. Women were not excluded, however, very few applicants were women, and no Swedish women were applicants. Wives of natural citizens were extended citizenship by an amendment in 1855 (see Wikipedia article).
A list of naturalized Swedish immigrants in Warren and Chautauqua County has been added to this website (community lists > naturalized citizen lists). The earliest possible date for becoming a citizen was 25 March 1849 in Chautauqua County and 5 August 1851 in Warren County. On 7 October 1852 in Warren, the first Swedes in our area became naturalized citizens: Germund Johnson [1846.007], Charles M. Johnson [1846.006], and Frederick J. Johnson [1846.003]. The earliest Swedes to become naturalized citizens in Chautauqua County were Otto Peterson [1850.003] and Samuel Johnson [1849.026] on 25 July 1856.
It is not without merit to argue that many Swedish immigrants did not meet the lawful requirements of aliens wishing to enter the United States through the port of New York, although technically the ship owners were bonded to prevent entry of immigrants without means. Paupers were restricted from entry into the port of New York under the New York State Passenger Act of 1824 . Similar laws applied in Massachusetts for the port of Boston. These laws were weak, poorly enforced and ineffective. There was no equivalent measure preventing entrance into the United States of America.
New York State's restrictions on the entry of sick or indigent immigrants was upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court in the 1837 case New York v. Miln. The decision of this case, between the Mayor of New York City (authorized by New York State) and the owner of a ship that transported immigrants, upheld an 1824 New York State law that in effect denied entry of immigrants at the port of New York if they did not have sufficient means.
This 1837 decision was limited by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1849 in its ruling Smith v. Turner that a New York per capita charge to ship owners based on the number of immigrants transported was unconstitutional because it was in effect a tax, a power exclusive to the federal government. This decision did not restrict New York's limits on immigration based on quarantine or indigence and did not prevent the state from recouping costs from ship owners. See the Passenger Cases (Wikipedia)
New York State laws limiting immigration were later overturned by the U.S. Supreme Court in the 1875 Henderson v. Mayor of New York decision.
For this reason, it is likely that the temperature of the earth is warmer this winter in the burial ground of these first immigrants (Hessel Valley Lutheran Cemetery) as all of those dead Swedes are surely spinning in their graves. Their descendants, in both Chautauqua County (58%) and Warren County (68%), voted for Donald J. Trump who ran on an anti-immigration platform in November 2016.
"Between 1825 and 1913 a simpler, alternate proceeding was available to enable aliens to acquire, own, and dispose of real property: the alien made a deposition of intent to become a citizen and filed it in the Secretary of State's office in Albany. The alien's rights in regard to real property expired six years after filing the deposition. The so-called alien depositions, now in the State Archives, typically give name of alien, date and place of deposition, and sometimes the country of origin. A few of the earlier depositions give additional information, such as place of residence in New York, date of entry into the United States, and marital status of a woman (married, single, or widowed). After the mid-nineteenth century many of the alien depositions (up to one third of the total) were made by women. (Statutes passed between 1848 and 1862 allowed married women in New York to own real property in their own names.)" Source: Records of Aliens Enabled to Own Real Property
Reed Library of the State University of New York at Fredonia has an important collection of materials related to the Holland Land Company.
Interests: Cary, Schemerhorn and Rathbone, each 22% and Lay 11%; William Seward received 22% for his work. See lecture by G.P. Crandall "Recalling William Seward" at the Chautauqua County Historical Society, 7 Oct 1939.
It's our own unChristian history, own it. Americans of African descent became citizens in 1870, Americans of Asian descent would not be recognized until the end of the nineteenth century.
Although there are various family stories of Swedes who were illegitimate children of royalty or nobility, there are no known residents of this class in our area. This noble claim occurs quite frequently among Swedish immigrants. The nearest real case of noblese was Isaac Been. His parents were from two important families of Helsingborg, connected to shipping, trade and the Swedish East India Company. His brother, Peter von Möller, was knighted by King Karl XV in 1860. Isaac and Christina Beén named their only child Peter Möller Beén, later shortened and translated as P. Miller Been.
Labels: illegal immigrants, naturalization
▼ Dec 2017 (1)


Asia fixed income: Risk-reward still attractive In the past month, idiosyncratic issues transformed into broad concerns for EM bonds and caused broad EM bond outflows. EM local currency bonds fell by 6%, while EM hard currency bonds fell by 1.7%. Asia, on the other hand, has been rather resilient (see chart). This can be attributed to the region's lower percentage of foreign currency debt and a larger local investor base. China's recent policy shift toward stabilizing liquidity has also had a positive impact on the rest of Asia.
Looking ahead, despite the ongoing trade uncertainties, both EM and Asian bond markets continue to offer attractive risk-reward. Coupled with anticipated USD consolidation and a very gradual rise in US Treasury yields, we expect EM and Asian bonds to deliver positive returns for the rest of the year.
Asian bond portfolios: short-duration USD IG credits favored: our preference for short-duration IG credits has been rewarded as they have outperformed most major Asian bond benchmarks year-to-date. Resilience in choppy markets coupled with attractive yields makes this section of the market the best risk-adjusted opportunity in Asian credits in our view. Hence we continue to prefer IG over high-yield corporates. Overall, fundamentals are still intact as credit metric AAUC are in an improving trend and valuations have turned more attractive. Moreover, short-duration (1–3 year) Asian corporate bonds are resilient to movements in the US.
Treasuries and credit spread over a 12-month horizon. In our central scenario, where we expect US Treasury yields to rise gradually as credit spreads tighten by 50 bp over the next 12 months, the bond portfolio is forecast to return an appealing 4.7%.
USD corporate high yield – maintaining a neutral stance: Asian high yields are stabilizing as the People's Bank of China's (PBoC) fine-tunes its policy on credit and its currency. The benchmark index ended flat, even as sentiment toward EMs turned negative. Trade tensions and refinancing issues continue to weigh on this market segment, but attractive yields and improving fundamentals are likely to provide support. We thus retain our neutral stance and forecast total returns over the next 12 months at 6%. We continue to consider only high-yield credits with strong fundamentals. We believe investors should continue diversifying into other EM bonds and preferred shares to dilute the acute risks facing the high-yield segment.
Local currency sovereign bonds – upgrade Thailand and Malaysia to neutral: we remain positive on EM local currency bonds based on their attractive valuation vis-à-vis G10 bonds, especially after recent repricing. EM growth fundamentals remain supportive and real rates are attractive. In Asia, we are changing our underperform view on Thailand to neutral. The recent macro data point to a somewhat slower growth rate in H2 after a robust H1. Moreover, after sending a strong signal for a rate hike earlier in the year, the central bank governor recently expressed a view that Thailand is not facing pressure to hike in the near term. We have also changed our view on Malaysia from underperform to neutral. The central bank is likely to be on hold as growth is weaker than desired and inflation is low, and fiscal consolidation since the election is likely to keep future bond issuances in check. Hard currency sovereign bonds – upgrade the Philippines to neutral and China to outperform: we remain positive on EM hard currency bonds after the recent correction. We think the asset class offers much wider credit spreads and lower sovereign ratings than the economic fundamentals warrant. We have turned more constructive on Asia over EMs due to the region's resilience to capital outflows.
In our Asian hard currency sovereign portfolios, we have now changed our long-held underperform view on the Philippines to neutral. The technicals have turned positive and the prospect of further underperformance by the longer- duration Philippine sovereign segment seems limited as we no longer expect US yields to rise much in the next 3–6 months. We have also changed our view on China to outperform as the shift in policy toward a stimulus is likely to bolster domestic demand. Moreover, China's FX debt (as a % of GDP) is one of the lowest in the EMs. We remain neutral on India, Indonesia, and Malaysia.
Asia FX: In a tug-of-war After a month of mixed performance, Asian currencies will likely remain in a tug-of-war with the USD due to elevated event risks. The ongoing US-China trade tensions will continue to weigh on the CNY, which will likely have a knock-on effect on other Asian currencies. The recent stabilization of the CNY has benefitted the trade-sensitive currencies like the THB, but the calm may not last if tensions escalate yet again. In addition, deficit currencies like the IDR and INR could remain under pressure amid EM contagion risks. Turkey's currency crisis has led to the weakened sentiment with regard to EMs. Within Asia, the INR and IDR!


MM Packaging Products Inc. was established in 1993 from an identified need in the market for specialized wooden crates to handle items from sculptures to large, high-tech equipment. MM Packaging Products also provided wholesale packaging supplies and fulfillment services to companies. As our business grew, our customers sought more diversified and complex solutions. In turn, we expanded our services and level of expertise to include package design engineering, manufacturing and professional services, machine moving and rigging, transportation and facility relocation. In 2000, we became MM Solutions to better reflect our philosophy and strengths of listening to and providing solutions for our clients based upon their specific challenges and requirements. The same year, MM Solutions was accredited by the Better Business Bureau (BBB) and received the highest possible rating, an A+, for its customer service practices. More than 25 years later, we continue to grow and evolve by staying true to our company anchors. It's all about Team, Partnership, and Leading. MM Solutions, packaging leader, has established long-term trusted relationships with clients and suppliers who share our principles. We conduct business with the highest levels of integrity, teamwork, safety, and knowledge to provide industry leading solutions and valued results.
MM Solutions, packaging leader, brings together the highest skilled and collaborative team members that have a will to be the best and achieve industry leading results. We create deep relationships in order to provide clients with the necessary people, services and equipment for every job. MM Solution never stops innovating and challenging ourselves to be the leader for our partners. We collaborate, question, and discover opportunities.


text:
After The Flash, Michael Keaton will return to Batman in Batgirl
In addition to returning in "The Flash", Michael Keaton will reprise his role of Batman in the next film "Batgirl". The actor played Bruce Wayne in 1989 and 1992 under the direction of Tim Burton.
The face of batman
On the Marvel side, we decided to bring back a good number of actors who have worked in Marvel superhero films, but who were not until now associated with the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU). Indeed, with Spider-Man : No Way Home, we saw, among others, Alfred Molina and Jamie Foxx come back in the shoes of Dr. Octopus of Spider-Man 2 and Electro from The Amazing Spider-Man 2. Also present is Willem Dafoe's Green Goblin, and many other surprises. At DC, we probably thought a bit of the same thing with Michael Keaton returns as Batman.
Bruce Wayne (Michael Keaton) – Batman, The Challenge © Warner Bros.
The comedian was the first memorable incarnation of the Dark Knight in cinema with the Batman from 1989 and its sequel, Batman, the challenge (1992) directed by Tim Burton. For a long time, Batman was him. At least until Christopher Nolan realizes Batman Begins (2005) and that Christian Bale does not mark the spirits in a completely different style than that of Michael Keaton.
Michael Keaton returns for Flash and Batgirl
The actor therefore goes put on this costume again thirty years later. We already knew he would come back for The Flash, scheduled for the end of the year 2022. The film will be inspired by the Flashpoint arc in the comics and will see Barry Allen travel in the past. Logically, it should open, as for Spider-Man : No Way Home, a multiverse since Michael Keaton's Batman will be in the game (proof with the first teaser), and not only … Except that in addition to stacking up for The Flash, the actor will also participate in the adventure Batgirl, as revealed Deadline. We will follow Barbara Gordon, the daughter of Commissioner Gordon, who became the superheroine Batgirl.
Not much else is known about this feature film, other than that the role of Batgirl has reverted to Leslie Grace (Where we come from) and that the production will be ensured by Adil El Arbi and Bilall Fallah (Bad Boys for Life). However, the film is currently scheduled for a release exclusively on HBO Max in 2022. As the American platform is not yet available in France, we do not yet know who to turn to in order to find out. Batgirl.
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text:
Све́тлое (; до 2016 г. Улья́новка Втора́я) — село в Красиловском районе Хмельницкой области Украины.

Население по переписи 2001 года составляло 123 человека. Почтовый индекс — 31050. Телефонный код — 3855. Занимает площадь 0,525 км². Код КОАТУУ — 6822783407.

Местный совет
31050, Хмельницкая обл., Красиловский р-н, с. Заслучное, пл. Ленина

Примечания

Ссылки
 Светлое на сайте Верховной рады Украины
 Административно-территориальное устройство Хмельницкой области

Населённые пункты Красиловского района
Переименованные населённые пункты Украины
Населённые пункты, названные в честь Владимира Ленина


Rapid Deployment Force (RDF): The RDF consists of five pre-identified teams, each with 105 multidisciplinary staff. The teams serve on a rotating call basis, with the on-call team capable of deploying within 12 hours of notification. RDF teams have a built-in command structure and can provide mass care at shelters (including FMSs), and staff Points of Distribution and Casualty Collection Points. The RDF can also conduct community outreach and assessments, among other functions.
Applied Public Health Team (APHT): The APHT is composed of experts in applied public health and can function as a "public health department in a box." An APHT can deploy within 36 hours of notification and provide assistance in public health assessments, environmental health, infrastructure integrity, food safety, vector control, epidemiology, and surveillance.
Mental Health Team (MHT): The MHT consists of mental and behavioral health experts who assess stress and suicide risks within the affected population, manage responder stress, and provide therapy, counseling, and crisis intervention. The MHT can deploy within 36 hours of notification.
Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT): DMATs provide primary and acute care, triage of mass casualties, initial resuscitation and stabilization, advanced life support and preparation of sick or injured for evacuation. The basic deployment configuration of a DMAT consists of 35 persons; it includes physicians, nurses, medical technicians, and ancillary support personnel. They can be mobile within 6 hours of notification and are capable of arriving at a disaster site within 48 hours. They can sustain operations for 72 hours without external support. DMATs are responsible for establishing an initial (electronic) medical record for each patient, including assigning patient unique identifiers in order to facilitate tracking throughout the NDMS.
Disaster Mortuary Operational Response Team (DMORT): DMORTs work under the guidance of local authorities by providing technical assistance and personnel to recover, identify, and process deceased victims. Teams are composed of funeral directors, medical examiners, coroners, pathologists, forensic anthropologists, medical records technicians and transcribers, fingerprint specialists, forensic odonatologists, dental assistants, x-ray technicians, and other personnel. HHS also maintains several Disaster Portable Morgue Units (DPMU) that can be used by DMORTs to establish a stand-alone morgue operation.
National Veterinary Response Team (NVRT): NVRT provides assistance in identifying the need for veterinary services following major disasters, emergencies, public health or other events requiring Federal support and in assessing the extent of disruption to animal and public health infrastructures.
National Medical Response Team (NMRT): NMRTs provide medical care following a nuclear, biological, and/or chemical incident. This team is capable of providing mass casualty decontamination, medical triage, and primary and secondary medical care to stabilize victims for transportation to tertiary care facilities in a hazardous material environment. The basic deployment configuration of an NMRT consists of 50 personnel.
The FMS is an HHS deployable healthcare facility that can provide surge beds to support healthcare systems anywhere in the U.S. that are impacted by disasters or public health emergencies. FMS are not mobile and cannot be relocated once established.
Because the equipment and supply cache does not include tents, each FMS requires an appropriate building of opportunity* in which to operate. Significant preparation is needed to employ FMSs in support of local, State, Tribal, and Territorial emergency plans. An FMS must be established in a structurally intact, accessible building with adequate hygiene facilities and functioning utilities (hot and cold potable water, electricity, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning, and internet accessibility or capability).
A 250-bed FMS requires roughly 40,000 square feet of open space, while a 50-bed FMS requires about 15,000 square feet. In addition, wrap around logistical services must be coordinated and in place before an FMS can be operational. Some of these include a 10-12 person set up team, contracted support for patient feeding, laundry, ice, medical oxygen, and biomedical waste disposal. Fewer beds can be set up in smaller facilities, but building attributes and wrap around services remain the same.
Once a request for FMS has been approved, the cache of equipment and supplies will be delivered in 24-48 hours, after which 12 hours is planned for set-up. ASPR Regional Emergency Coordinators are the primary points of contact for FMS preparedness by State, local, Tribal and Territorial authorities. CDC Division of Strategic National Stockpile (DSNS) can assist with site surveys and training for receipt and set-up of FMSs.
The MRC is comprised of organized medical and public health professionals who serve as volunteers to respond to natural disasters and emergencies. The MRC program provides the structure necessary to deploy medical and public health personnel in response to an emergency, as it identifies specific, trained, credentialed personnel available and ready to respond to emergencies.


We love hearing success stories from our Associates regarding their USANA business after all USANA is in the business of people and our Associates are the lifeline of our business.
Chris Folland and Fiona Jamieson-Folland in New Zealand, 2 STAR Diamond Directors, took up a challenge in 2010 to sponsor 16 Associates in 16 weeks! Here is Chris' story in his own words.
One way to think of personal sponsorship is that it's the life blood for growing your business. So we accepted Gill Stapleton's sponsorship challenge, back in September 2010, and set a goal – to sponsor 16 Associates in 16 weeks! Then, interestingly, the challenges appeared. We seemed to have less people to talk to about USANA, and we moved offices – twice! We had phone & internet glitches, many of our prospects said no; over and over again. Surely we had enough logical, 'legitimate' reasons to give up and everyone would think it was OK. However, we realized it wouldn't be okay with us. We chose to complete our goal because we said we would. We realised it made more sense to show our team, rather than tell them, that they can reach their targets too. Success was definitely testing us and we stepped up and decided to pass! So, re-focusing on how USANA has and is helping us, and how it has the potential to help others – our enthusiasm increased and we doubled our prospecting efforts. WOOHOO! What a feeling - we hit our target! And this just shows us that you can too. When you decide to stay focused on your business and share the gift of time, money and health with someone new every day, success is guaranteed to come your way!
We hope this story inspires you to take up your own USANA business challenge and succeed in meeting and exceeding your own expectations. Share Dr Myron Wentz's health and wealth vision with someone new every day and watch your dreams turn into reality.


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La semiósfera, o biosfera semiótica, es el mundo de los signos en el que todos los humanos viven e interactúan. Los signos son representaciones que conforman un espacio delimitado con respecto del espacio que lo rodea, que sería el espacio extrasemiótico. Estos ámbitos se encuentran divididos por una frontera de puntos que pertenecen a ambos espacios, la cual actúa como filtro y como traductor. Esta traducción se articula dando sentido a la realidad extrasemiótica, es decir, otorgando sentido dentro de alguno de los sistemas semióticos.

Según Yuri Lotman, la semiosfera funciona como un espacio de contención ante la violencia del mundo, el cual es formado por códigos. En este sentido, la semiósfera es el espacio semiótico fuera del cual es imposible la existencia misma de la semiótica.

Concepto general
El concepto general de la semiósfera remite a la idea de que el espacio de la semiosis no es homogéneo, ya que existen esferas únicas de sentido, así como "semiósferas particulares", que serían los espacios individuales o pertenecientes a distintos grupos sociales e históricos.

Dada la heterogeneidad de la semiósfera, como un conjunto de distintas manifestaciones semiósicas, el mecanismo de traducción adquiere una relevancia especial, ya que toda relación comunicativa es una relación de traducción.

Aunque los diversos sistemas semióticos no aparecen definidos de forma inequívoca en el planteamiento de Lotman, el concepto de cultura, ligado indisolublemente al de semiosis, actúa como un estructurador.

La frontera semiótica según Lotman
Para Yuri Lotman, los puntos de la frontera de la semiósfera pueden ser equiparados a los receptores sensoriales que traducen los irritantes externos al lenguaje de nuestro sistema nervioso, o a los bloques de traducción que adaptan a una determinada esfera semiótica del mundo exterior a ella.

Esta idea se centra en 2 puntos: la idea de que hay un mundo que se habita y la noción de que los mecanismos de traducción y filtro integran lo extrasemiótico en lo semiótico, lo cual deriva en una concepción del intercambio comunicativo como un proceso de recodificación.

Críticas
Kalevi Kull, por su parte, plantea que la semiosis sólo puede ser un producto de la conducta de un organismo en un determinado ambiente. Para este autor, es el organismo el que crea el signo que se convierte en una parte constitutiva de la semiósfera, y esto no constituye una adaptación al ambiente, sino que es un acto de continua creación del mismísimo ambiente.

Véase también
 Filosofía del lenguaje
 Semántica (estudio de los significantes lingüísticos)
 Cuadrado semiótico
 Competencia (lingüística)
 Actante
 Iconismo
 Semiosis

Bibliografía
 J.M. Lotman, El problema del signo y del sistema sígnico en la tipología de la cultura anterior al siglo XX, En J.M.Lotman y la Escuela de Tartu, Semiótica de la cultura. Madrid: Cátedra, 1979.
 J.M. Lotman. La semiósfera. La semiótica de la cultura. Madrid: Cátedra, 1996.
 J.M. Lotman – B. Uspenskij, Sobre el mecanismo semiótico de la cultura, J. Lotman y Escuela de Tartu, Semiótica de la cultura, Madrid: Cátedra, 1979: 77.

Referencias

Semiótica


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Jun 25, 2018 | Latest News
Sioux Falls Thrive ─ a cradle to career initiative aimed at eliminating obstacles to student success ─ is accepting applications from community members who want to ignite new strategies for kids when they're not in the classroom.
"In Sioux Falls, 84% of our children live in homes where all parents are part of the workforce," says Candy Hanson, president of Thrive. "Finding safe, affordable, enriching places for kids to be when they're not in school is a real challenge. Plus, the time working parents spend keeping tabs on their children and juggling work schedules and transportation has a direct impact on their employers."
The focus for Thrive's Out-of-School Action Team extends beyond traditional after-school care. It includes what kids are doing before and after school, on snow days and holidays, and over summer vacation. The team will base its work on findings from "Student Safety and Out-of-School Time" conducted for Thrive by Augustana Research Institute, https://siouxfallsthrive.org/student-safety-focus-latest-thrive-study/.
That research indicates that there's a balance between the supply and demand for after-school care for elementary school students, but cost, hours of operation, and location of services are problematic. At middle- and high school-levels, finding enrichment programs becomes more difficult, despite the number of service provides attempting to meet working families' needs.
"It's another case where Sioux Falls is program rich and system poor," says Hanson. "A fundamental goal of all of Thrive's action teams is to untangle existing resources and create stems that benefit kids and the service providers."
Thrive's Out-of-School Action Team will include volunteers who
are community volunteers or represent a cross-sector of the business, government, nonprofit and faith-based communities.
can make a commitment to participate regularly in team activities — a minimum of two hours/month over the next two years.
Applications for the Out-of-School Action Team must be submitted using the form posted at www.siouxfallsthrive.org no later than midnight July 16.


The team at Dermatology & Allergy Specialists of Virginia is dedicated to providing outstanding dermatologic care to the residents of Reston, VA, and the surrounding Washington D.C. community. We provide medical services, such as treatment for acne, psoriasis, skin cancer, and cosmetic services.
Our team is led by Dr. Theodore S. Sebastien, a board-certified dermatologist and Fellow of the American College of Mohs Micrographic Surgery and Cutaneous Oncology. He is joined by a certified physician assistant Sarah J. Donovan who is an experienced specialist in the dermatology field. Our newest physician, Dr. Kathryn Sowerwine, is a board-certified allergist and immunologist.
We thank you for choosing the team at Dermatology & Allergy Specialists of Virginia to help keep your skin healthy and beautiful for years to come.