text:
<?php

namespace Laminas\Filter;

use Laminas\Filter\Exception\RuntimeException;
use Laminas\I18n\Filter\Alnum;
use Laminas\I18n\Filter\Alpha;
use Laminas\I18n\Filter\NumberFormat;
use Laminas\I18n\Filter\NumberParse;
use Laminas\ServiceManager\AbstractPluginManager;
use Laminas\ServiceManager\Exception\InvalidServiceException;
use Laminas\ServiceManager\Factory\InvokableFactory;

/**
 * Plugin manager implementation for the filter chain.
 *
 * Enforces that filters retrieved are either callbacks or instances of
 * FilterInterface. Additionally, it registers a number of default filters
 * available, as well as aliases for them.
 */
class FilterPluginManager extends AbstractPluginManager
{
    protected $aliases = [

        // For the future
        'int'                        => ToInt::class,
        'Int'                        => ToInt::class,
        'null'                       => ToNull::class,
        'Null'                       => ToNull::class,

        // I18n filters
        'alnum'                      => Alnum::class,
        'Alnum'                      => Alnum::class,
        'alpha'                      => Alpha::class,
        'Alpha'                      => Alpha::class,
        'numberformat'               => NumberFormat::class,
        'numberFormat'               => NumberFormat::class,
        'NumberFormat'               => NumberFormat::class,
        'numberparse'                => NumberParse::class,
        'numberParse'                => NumberParse::class,
        'NumberParse'                => NumberParse::class,

        // Standard filters
        'basename'                   => BaseName::class,
        'Basename'                   => BaseName::class,
        'blacklist'                  => Blacklist::class,
        'Blacklist'                  => Blacklist::class,
        'boolean'                    => Boolean::class,
        'Boolean'                    => Boolean::class,
        'callback'                   => Callback::class,
        'Callback'                   => Callback::class,
        'compress'                   => Compress::class,
        'Compress'                   => Compress::class,
        'dataunitformatter'          => DataUnitFormatter::class,
        'dataUnitFormatter'          => DataUnitFormatter::class,
        'DataUnitFormatter'          => DataUnitFormatter::class,
        'dateselect'                 => DateSelect::class,
        'dateSelect'                 => DateSelect::class,
        'DateSelect'                 => DateSelect::class,
        'datetimeformatter'          => DateTimeFormatter::class,
        'datetimeFormatter'          => DateTimeFormatter::class,
        'DatetimeFormatter'          => DateTimeFormatter::class,
        'dateTimeFormatter'          => DateTimeFormatter::class,
        'DateTimeFormatter'          => DateTimeFormatter::class,
        'datetimeselect'             => DateTimeSelect::class,
        'datetimeSelect'             => DateTimeSelect::class,
        'DatetimeSelect'             => DateTimeSelect::class,
        'dateTimeSelect'             => DateTimeSelect::class,
        'DateTimeSelect'             => DateTimeSelect::class,
        'decompress'                 => Decompress::class,
        'Decompress'                 => Decompress::class,
        'decrypt'                    => Decrypt::class,
        'Decrypt'                    => Decrypt::class,
        'digits'                     => Digits::class,
        'Digits'                     => Digits::class,
        'dir'                        => Dir::class,
        'Dir'                        => Dir::class,
        'encrypt'                    => Encrypt::class,
        'Encrypt'                    => Encrypt::class,
        'filedecrypt'                => File\Decrypt::class,
        'fileDecrypt'                => File\Decrypt::class,
        'FileDecrypt'                => File\Decrypt::class,
        'fileencrypt'                => File\Encrypt::class,
        'fileEncrypt'                => File\Encrypt::class,
        'FileEncrypt'                => File\Encrypt::class,
        'filelowercase'              => File\LowerCase::class,
        'fileLowercase'              => File\LowerCase::class,
        'FileLowercase'              => File\LowerCase::class,
        'fileLowerCase'              => File\LowerCase::class,
        'FileLowerCase'              => File\LowerCase::class,
        'filerename'                 => File\Rename::class,
        'fileRename'                 => File\Rename::class,
        'FileRename'                 => File\Rename::class,
        'filerenameupload'           => File\RenameUpload::class,
        'fileRenameUpload'           => File\RenameUpload::class,
        'FileRenameUpload'           => File\RenameUpload::class,
        'fileuppercase'              => File\UpperCase::class,
        'fileUppercase'              => File\UpperCase::class,
        'FileUppercase'              => File\UpperCase::class,
        'fileUpperCase'              => File\UpperCase::class,
        'FileUpperCase'              => File\UpperCase::class,
        'htmlentities'               => HtmlEntities::class,
        'htmlEntities'               => HtmlEntities::class,
        'HtmlEntities'               => HtmlEntities::class,
        'inflector'                  => Inflector::class,
        'Inflector'                  => Inflector::class,
        'monthselect'                => MonthSelect::class,
        'monthSelect'                => MonthSelect::class,
        'MonthSelect'                => MonthSelect::class,
        'pregreplace'                => PregReplace::class,
        'pregReplace'                => PregReplace::class,
        'PregReplace'                => PregReplace::class,
        'realpath'                   => RealPath::class,
        'realPath'                   => RealPath::class,
        'RealPath'                   => RealPath::class,
        'stringprefix'               => StringPrefix::class,
        'stringPrefix'               => StringPrefix::class,
        'StringPrefix'               => StringPrefix::class,
        'stringsuffix'               => StringSuffix::class,
        'stringSuffix'               => StringSuffix::class,
        'StringSuffix'               => StringSuffix::class,
        'stringtolower'              => StringToLower::class,
        'stringToLower'              => StringToLower::class,
        'StringToLower'              => StringToLower::class,
        'stringtoupper'              => StringToUpper::class,
        'stringToUpper'              => StringToUpper::class,
        'StringToUpper'              => StringToUpper::class,
        'stringtrim'                 => StringTrim::class,
        'stringTrim'                 => StringTrim::class,
        'StringTrim'                 => StringTrim::class,
        'stripnewlines'              => StripNewlines::class,
        'stripNewlines'              => StripNewlines::class,
        'StripNewlines'              => StripNewlines::class,
        'striptags'                  => StripTags::class,
        'stripTags'                  => StripTags::class,
        'StripTags'                  => StripTags::class,
        'toint'                      => ToInt::class,
        'toInt'                      => ToInt::class,
        'ToInt'                      => ToInt::class,
        'tofloat'                    => ToFloat::class,
        'toFloat'                    => ToFloat::class,
        'ToFloat'                    => ToFloat::class,
        'tonull'                     => ToNull::class,
        'toNull'                     => ToNull::class,
        'ToNull'                     => ToNull::class,
        'uppercasewords'             => UpperCaseWords::class,
        'upperCaseWords'             => UpperCaseWords::class,
        'UpperCaseWords'             => UpperCaseWords::class,
        'urinormalize'               => UriNormalize::class,
        'uriNormalize'               => UriNormalize::class,
        'UriNormalize'               => UriNormalize::class,
        'whitelist'                  => Whitelist::class,
        'Whitelist'                  => Whitelist::class,
        'wordcamelcasetodash'        => Word\CamelCaseToDash::class,
        'wordCamelCaseToDash'        => Word\CamelCaseToDash::class,
        'WordCamelCaseToDash'        => Word\CamelCaseToDash::class,
        'wordcamelcasetoseparator'   => Word\CamelCaseToSeparator::class,
        'wordCamelCaseToSeparator'   => Word\CamelCaseToSeparator::class,
        'WordCamelCaseToSeparator'   => Word\CamelCaseToSeparator::class,
        'wordcamelcasetounderscore'  => Word\CamelCaseToUnderscore::class,
        'wordCamelCaseToUnderscore'  => Word\CamelCaseToUnderscore::class,
        'WordCamelCaseToUnderscore'  => Word\CamelCaseToUnderscore::class,
        'worddashtocamelcase'        => Word\DashToCamelCase::class,
        'wordDashToCamelCase'        => Word\DashToCamelCase::class,
        'WordDashToCamelCase'        => Word\DashToCamelCase::class,
        'worddashtoseparator'        => Word\DashToSeparator::class,
        'wordDashToSeparator'        => Word\DashToSeparator::class,
        'WordDashToSeparator'        => Word\DashToSeparator::class,
        'worddashtounderscore'       => Word\DashToUnderscore::class,
        'wordDashToUnderscore'       => Word\DashToUnderscore::class,
        'WordDashToUnderscore'       => Word\DashToUnderscore::class,
        'wordseparatortocamelcase'   => Word\SeparatorToCamelCase::class,
        'wordSeparatorToCamelCase'   => Word\SeparatorToCamelCase::class,
        'WordSeparatorToCamelCase'   => Word\SeparatorToCamelCase::class,
        'wordseparatortodash'        => Word\SeparatorToDash::class,
        'wordSeparatorToDash'        => Word\SeparatorToDash::class,
        'WordSeparatorToDash'        => Word\SeparatorToDash::class,
        'wordseparatortoseparator'   => Word\SeparatorToSeparator::class,
        'wordSeparatorToSeparator'   => Word\SeparatorToSeparator::class,
        'WordSeparatorToSeparator'   => Word\SeparatorToSeparator::class,
        'wordunderscoretocamelcase'  => Word\UnderscoreToCamelCase::class,
        'wordUnderscoreToCamelCase'  => Word\UnderscoreToCamelCase::class,
        'WordUnderscoreToCamelCase'  => Word\UnderscoreToCamelCase::class,
        'wordunderscoretostudlycase' => Word\UnderscoreToStudlyCase::class,
        'wordUnderscoreToStudlyCase' => Word\UnderscoreToStudlyCase::class,
        'WordUnderscoreToStudlyCase' => Word\UnderscoreToStudlyCase::class,
        'wordunderscoretodash'       => Word\UnderscoreToDash::class,
        'wordUnderscoreToDash'       => Word\UnderscoreToDash::class,
        'WordUnderscoreToDash'       => Word\UnderscoreToDash::class,
        'wordunderscoretoseparator'  => Word\UnderscoreToSeparator::class,
        'wordUnderscoreToSeparator'  => Word\UnderscoreToSeparator::class,
        'WordUnderscoreToSeparator'  => Word\UnderscoreToSeparator::class,

        // Legacy Zend Framework aliases
        \Zend\I18n\Filter\Alnum::class => Alnum::class,
        \Zend\I18n\Filter\Alpha::class => Alpha::class,
        \Zend\I18n\Filter\NumberFormat::class => NumberFormat::class,
        \Zend\I18n\Filter\NumberParse::class => NumberParse::class,
        \Zend\Filter\BaseName::class => BaseName::class,
        \Zend\Filter\Blacklist::class => Blacklist::class,
        \Zend\Filter\Boolean::class => Boolean::class,
        \Zend\Filter\Callback::class => Callback::class,
        \Zend\Filter\Compress::class => Compress::class,
        \Zend\Filter\DataUnitFormatter::class => DataUnitFormatter::class,
        \Zend\Filter\DateSelect::class => DateSelect::class,
        \Zend\Filter\DateTimeFormatter::class => DateTimeFormatter::class,
        \Zend\Filter\DateTimeSelect::class => DateTimeSelect::class,
        \Zend\Filter\Decompress::class => Decompress::class,
        \Zend\Filter\Decrypt::class => Decrypt::class,
        \Zend\Filter\Digits::class => Digits::class,
        \Zend\Filter\Dir::class => Dir::class,
        \Zend\Filter\Encrypt::class => Encrypt::class,
        \Zend\Filter\File\Decrypt::class => File\Decrypt::class,
        \Zend\Filter\File\Encrypt::class => File\Encrypt::class,
        \Zend\Filter\File\LowerCase::class => File\LowerCase::class,
        \Zend\Filter\File\Rename::class => File\Rename::class,
        \Zend\Filter\File\RenameUpload::class => File\RenameUpload::class,
        \Zend\Filter\File\UpperCase::class => File\UpperCase::class,
        \Zend\Filter\HtmlEntities::class => HtmlEntities::class,
        \Zend\Filter\Inflector::class => Inflector::class,
        \Zend\Filter\ToInt::class => ToInt::class,
        \Zend\Filter\ToFloat::class => ToFloat::class,
        \Zend\Filter\MonthSelect::class => MonthSelect::class,
        \Zend\Filter\ToNull::class => ToNull::class,
        \Zend\Filter\UpperCaseWords::class => UpperCaseWords::class,
        \Zend\Filter\PregReplace::class => PregReplace::class,
        \Zend\Filter\RealPath::class => RealPath::class,
        \Zend\Filter\StringPrefix::class => StringPrefix::class,
        \Zend\Filter\StringSuffix::class => StringSuffix::class,
        \Zend\Filter\StringToLower::class => StringToLower::class,
        \Zend\Filter\StringToUpper::class => StringToUpper::class,
        \Zend\Filter\StringTrim::class => StringTrim::class,
        \Zend\Filter\StripNewlines::class => StripNewlines::class,
        \Zend\Filter\StripTags::class => StripTags::class,
        \Zend\Filter\UriNormalize::class => UriNormalize::class,
        \Zend\Filter\Whitelist::class => Whitelist::class,
        \Zend\Filter\Word\CamelCaseToDash::class => Word\CamelCaseToDash::class,
        \Zend\Filter\Word\CamelCaseToSeparator::class => Word\CamelCaseToSeparator::class,
        \Zend\Filter\Word\CamelCaseToUnderscore::class => Word\CamelCaseToUnderscore::class,
        \Zend\Filter\Word\DashToCamelCase::class => Word\DashToCamelCase::class,
        \Zend\Filter\Word\DashToSeparator::class => Word\DashToSeparator::class,
        \Zend\Filter\Word\DashToUnderscore::class => Word\DashToUnderscore::class,
        \Zend\Filter\Word\SeparatorToCamelCase::class => Word\SeparatorToCamelCase::class,
        \Zend\Filter\Word\SeparatorToDash::class => Word\SeparatorToDash::class,
        \Zend\Filter\Word\SeparatorToSeparator::class => Word\SeparatorToSeparator::class,
        \Zend\Filter\Word\UnderscoreToCamelCase::class => Word\UnderscoreToCamelCase::class,
        \Zend\Filter\Word\UnderscoreToStudlyCase::class => Word\UnderscoreToStudlyCase::class,
        \Zend\Filter\Word\UnderscoreToDash::class => Word\UnderscoreToDash::class,
        \Zend\Filter\Word\UnderscoreToSeparator::class => Word\UnderscoreToSeparator::class,

        // v2 normalized FQCNs
        'zendfiltertoint' => ToInt::class,
        'zendfiltertofloat' => ToFloat::class,
        'zendfiltertonull' => ToNull::class,
        'zendi18nfilteralnum' => Alnum::class,
        'zendi18nfilteralpha' => Alpha::class,
        'zendi18nfilternumberformat' => NumberFormat::class,
        'zendi18nfilternumberparse' => NumberParse::class,
        'zendfilterbasename' => BaseName::class,
        'zendfilterblacklist' => Blacklist::class,
        'zendfilterboolean' => Boolean::class,
        'zendfiltercallback' => Callback::class,
        'zendfiltercompress' => Compress::class,
        'zendfilterdataunitformatter' => DataUnitFormatter::class,
        'zendfilterdateselect' => DateSelect::class,
        'zendfilterdatetimeformatter' => DateTimeFormatter::class,
        'zendfilterdatetimeselect' => DateTimeSelect::class,
        'zendfilterdecompress' => Decompress::class,
        'zendfilterdecrypt' => Decrypt::class,
        'zendfilterdigits' => Digits::class,
        'zendfilterdir' => Dir::class,
        'zendfilterencrypt' => Encrypt::class,
        'zendfilterfiledecrypt' => File\Decrypt::class,
        'zendfilterfileencrypt' => File\Encrypt::class,
        'zendfilterfilelowercase' => File\LowerCase::class,
        'zendfilterfilerename' => File\Rename::class,
        'zendfilterfilerenameupload' => File\RenameUpload::class,
        'zendfilterfileuppercase' => File\UpperCase::class,
        'zendfilterhtmlentities' => HtmlEntities::class,
        'zendfilterinflector' => Inflector::class,
        'zendfiltermonthselect' => MonthSelect::class,
        'zendfilterpregreplace' => PregReplace::class,
        'zendfilterrealpath' => RealPath::class,
        'zendfilterstringprefix' => StringPrefix::class,
        'zendfilterstringsuffix' => StringSuffix::class,
        'zendfilterstringtolower' => StringToLower::class,
        'zendfilterstringtoupper' => StringToUpper::class,
        'zendfilterstringtrim' => StringTrim::class,
        'zendfilterstripnewlines' => StripNewlines::class,
        'zendfilterstriptags' => StripTags::class,
        'zendfilteruppercasewords' => UpperCaseWords::class,
        'zendfilterurinormalize' => UriNormalize::class,
        'zendfilterwhitelist' => Whitelist::class,
        'zendfilterwordcamelcasetodash' => Word\CamelCaseToDash::class,
        'zendfilterwordcamelcasetoseparator' => Word\CamelCaseToSeparator::class,
        'zendfilterwordcamelcasetounderscore' => Word\CamelCaseToUnderscore::class,
        'zendfilterworddashtocamelcase' => Word\DashToCamelCase::class,
        'zendfilterworddashtoseparator' => Word\DashToSeparator::class,
        'zendfilterworddashtounderscore' => Word\DashToUnderscore::class,
        'zendfilterwordseparatortocamelcase' => Word\SeparatorToCamelCase::class,
        'zendfilterwordseparatortodash' => Word\SeparatorToDash::class,
        'zendfilterwordseparatortoseparator' => Word\SeparatorToSeparator::class,
        'zendfilterwordunderscoretocamelcase' => Word\UnderscoreToCamelCase::class,
        'zendfilterwordunderscoretostudlycase' => Word\UnderscoreToStudlyCase::class,
        'zendfilterwordunderscoretodash' => Word\UnderscoreToDash::class,
        'zendfilterwordunderscoretoseparator' => Word\UnderscoreToSeparator::class,
    ];

    /**
     * Default set of plugins factories
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $factories = [
        // I18n filters
        Alnum::class                           => InvokableFactory::class,
        Alpha::class                           => InvokableFactory::class,
        NumberFormat::class                    => InvokableFactory::class,
        NumberParse::class                     => InvokableFactory::class,

        // Standard filters
        BaseName::class                        => InvokableFactory::class,
        Blacklist::class                       => InvokableFactory::class,
        Boolean::class                         => InvokableFactory::class,
        Callback::class                        => InvokableFactory::class,
        Compress::class                        => InvokableFactory::class,
        DataUnitFormatter::class               => InvokableFactory::class,
        DateSelect::class                      => InvokableFactory::class,
        DateTimeFormatter::class               => InvokableFactory::class,
        DateTimeSelect::class                  => InvokableFactory::class,
        Decompress::class                      => InvokableFactory::class,
        Decrypt::class                         => InvokableFactory::class,
        Digits::class                          => InvokableFactory::class,
        Dir::class                             => InvokableFactory::class,
        Encrypt::class                         => InvokableFactory::class,
        File\Decrypt::class                    => InvokableFactory::class,
        File\Encrypt::class                    => InvokableFactory::class,
        File\LowerCase::class                  => InvokableFactory::class,
        File\Rename::class                     => InvokableFactory::class,
        File\RenameUpload::class               => InvokableFactory::class,
        File\UpperCase::class                  => InvokableFactory::class,
        HtmlEntities::class                    => InvokableFactory::class,
        Inflector::class                       => InvokableFactory::class,
        ToInt::class                           => InvokableFactory::class,
        ToFloat::class                         => InvokableFactory::class,
        MonthSelect::class                     => InvokableFactory::class,
        ToNull::class                          => InvokableFactory::class,
        UpperCaseWords::class                  => InvokableFactory::class,
        PregReplace::class                     => InvokableFactory::class,
        RealPath::class                        => InvokableFactory::class,
        StringPrefix::class                    => InvokableFactory::class,
        StringSuffix::class                    => InvokableFactory::class,
        StringToLower::class                   => InvokableFactory::class,
        StringToUpper::class                   => InvokableFactory::class,
        StringTrim::class                      => InvokableFactory::class,
        StripNewlines::class                   => InvokableFactory::class,
        StripTags::class                       => InvokableFactory::class,
        ToInt::class                           => InvokableFactory::class,
        ToNull::class                          => InvokableFactory::class,
        UriNormalize::class                    => InvokableFactory::class,
        Whitelist::class                       => InvokableFactory::class,
        Word\CamelCaseToDash::class            => InvokableFactory::class,
        Word\CamelCaseToSeparator::class       => InvokableFactory::class,
        Word\CamelCaseToUnderscore::class      => InvokableFactory::class,
        Word\DashToCamelCase::class            => InvokableFactory::class,
        Word\DashToSeparator::class            => InvokableFactory::class,
        Word\DashToUnderscore::class           => InvokableFactory::class,
        Word\SeparatorToCamelCase::class       => InvokableFactory::class,
        Word\SeparatorToDash::class            => InvokableFactory::class,
        Word\SeparatorToSeparator::class       => Word\Service\SeparatorToSeparatorFactory::class,
        Word\UnderscoreToCamelCase::class      => InvokableFactory::class,
        Word\UnderscoreToStudlyCase::class     => InvokableFactory::class,
        Word\UnderscoreToDash::class           => InvokableFactory::class,
        Word\UnderscoreToSeparator::class      => InvokableFactory::class,

        // v2 canonical FQCNs

        'laminasfiltertoint'                      => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfiltertofloat'                    => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfiltertonull'                     => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasi18nfilteralnum'                  => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasi18nfilteralpha'                  => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasi18nfilternumberformat'           => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasi18nfilternumberparse'            => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterbasename'                   => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterblacklist'                  => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterboolean'                    => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfiltercallback'                   => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfiltercompress'                   => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterdataunitformatter'          => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterdateselect'                 => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterdatetimeformatter'          => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterdatetimeselect'             => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterdecompress'                 => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterdecrypt'                    => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterdigits'                     => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterdir'                        => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterencrypt'                    => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterfiledecrypt'                => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterfileencrypt'                => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterfilelowercase'              => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterfilerename'                 => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterfilerenameupload'           => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterfileuppercase'              => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterhtmlentities'               => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterinflector'                  => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfiltermonthselect'                => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterpregreplace'                => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterrealpath'                   => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterstringprefix'               => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterstringsuffix'               => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterstringtolower'              => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterstringtoupper'              => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterstringtrim'                 => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterstripnewlines'              => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterstriptags'                  => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilteruppercasewords'             => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterurinormalize'               => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterwhitelist'                  => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterwordcamelcasetodash'        => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterwordcamelcasetoseparator'   => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterwordcamelcasetounderscore'  => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterworddashtocamelcase'        => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterworddashtoseparator'        => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterworddashtounderscore'       => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterwordseparatortocamelcase'   => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterwordseparatortodash'        => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterwordseparatortoseparator'   => Word\Service\SeparatorToSeparatorFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterwordunderscoretocamelcase'  => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterwordunderscoretostudlycase' => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterwordunderscoretodash'       => InvokableFactory::class,
        'laminasfilterwordunderscoretoseparator'  => InvokableFactory::class,
    ];

    protected $instanceOf = FilterInterface::class;

    /**
     * Whether or not to share by default; default to false (v2)
     *
     * @var bool
     */
    protected $shareByDefault = false;

    /**
     * Whether or not to share by default; default to false (v3)
     *
     * @var bool
     */
    protected $sharedByDefault = false;

    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    public function validate($plugin)
    {
        if ($plugin instanceof $this->instanceOf) {
            // we're okay
            return;
        }

        if (is_callable($plugin)) {
            // also okay
            return;
        }

        throw new InvalidServiceException(sprintf(
            'Plugin of type %s is invalid; must implement %s\FilterInterface or be callable',
            (is_object($plugin) ? get_class($plugin) : gettype($plugin)),
            __NAMESPACE__
        ));
    }

    /**
     * Validate the plugin (v2)
     *
     * Checks that the filter loaded is either a valid callback or an instance
     * of FilterInterface.
     *
     * @param  mixed $plugin
     * @return void
     * @throws Exception\RuntimeException if invalid
     */
    public function validatePlugin($plugin)
    {
        try {
            $this->validate($plugin);
        } catch (InvalidServiceException $e) {
            throw new RuntimeException($e->getMessage(), $e->getCode(), $e);
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Click on the following sites for everything you ever wanted to know about Dinosaur stuff. In other words, stuff you will NEVER learn here at The Center! Just remember that the only thing that stays constant is change, so we TRY to stay on top of new sites.
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This listing is courtesy of Arely Canchola from American International Realty.
Complete GUT rehab in 2013! HUGE Tall ceilings! New everything, roof, electrical, plumbing, furnace, boilers, porch. 3 Bedroom & 2 Full Baths each unit!!! Modern Kitchen cabinets! Tenant pays all utilities! Monthly rental income is $3,382. MTM tenants. UP and coming positive Neighborhood!!! In the summer the community grows vegetables. Will not last!


text:
The Berge Pappas Smith Difference
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Jesus	Rodriguez	Buzo
April 22, 1931 ~ December 15, 2021
Born in: Guanajuato, Mexico
Resided in: San Jose, California
Add a Memory to the Timeline
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Jesus Rodriguez Buzo, 90, of San Jose, California, passed peacefully on Wednesday the 15th day of December 2021. Jesus was known by those close to him as "Jessie" or "JB." Jesus passed peacefully at his son and daughter-in-law's (Fred and Laura Buzo) home surrounded by his wife, children, and grandchildren.
He is survived by his wife of 65 years, Nellie. He is survived by his children, Socorro Rodriguez, Rachel Arteaga, Bernie Rodriguez, Jesse Rodriguez, Fred Buzo, and Waldina Valencia. He is survived by his grandchildren, Rosbelina Buzo Ward, Denise Buzo Rodriguez, Elyana Buzo Rodriguez, Aaron Rodriguez, Tyson Rodriguez, Nikolas Rodriguez, Tolentino Buzo, Zoie Valencia, Aidan Buzo, Natalia Buzo and Miguel Valencia. He is also survived by 6 great-grandchildren. He was preceded in death by his first grandchild, Juan Lorenzana (1973 – 2016); his father, Jesus Buzo (approx. 1900 – 1936); his mother, Raquel Rodriguez Ortega (1909 – 1989), and by his brothers Albino and Jesus Buzo (deaths approx. between 1933 – 1939).
Jesus was born on April 22, 1931 to Raquel Rodriguez and Jesus Buzo in the village of La Cañada de Caracheo, Cortazar, Guanajuato, Mexico. Jesus was the eldest of three boys. By the time Jesus reached the age of 8, he lost his father and both brothers.
In the late 1940s, Jesus joined the Bracero Program and began his life in the US. His first stop was Jackson, Mississippi. He then moved from state to state to meet the labor needs of the agricultural industry. The work was difficult and the conditions were downright deplorable, but he persevered and worked hard to make a life for himself here. He became fluent in English and taught himself math skills that would make anyone believe that he had graduated high school (though he only had a 2nd-grade education). In the 50s, he met the love of his life at a dance being held at the San Jose Civic Auditorium (where Perez Prado and his Orchestra were performing). Jesus said that at first, Nellie rejected his offer to dance, but he persisted, asking her two more times that night before she finally said yes – a fateful yes that led to a 65-year marriage filled with the truest of love. In time, they began a family and Jesus worked to make sure they were always taken care of.
Jesus left fieldwork behind, working for 10 years at General Motors in Fremont, before eventually starting his own trucking business. He was in the trucking business for 30 years. He proudly became an American Citizen in 1992. Relishing in his civic duty as a citizen, he never missed an election in 30 years.
After serious health issues, Nellie pleaded with Jesus to retire. He reluctantly retired at age 75. He spent the majority of his remaining 15 years living peacefully in San Diego, with his wife and close to their baby daughter's family. He doted on his wife and his youngest daughter's family until the effects of Alzheimer's began to set in. Even with advanced Alzheimer's, he neither forgot the village from which he came nor the first time he met Nellie all those years ago.
Throughout his life's hardships, the death of his father and brothers by age 8, back-breaking work as an immigrant, congestive heart failure, laryngeal and skin cancer, sudden advanced Alzheimer's, Jesus remained the most jovial and content human you'd ever want to meet. You would never know the hardship he had been through because he was just so happy to be where he was, here and now, surrounded by the family and pets that he adored and listening to his beloved Rock n' Roll.
The family will be holding a viewing and celebration of life on Tuesday, December 28, 2021. The viewing will start at 10:00 am and the celebration of life memorial service will start at 11:00 am. The viewing and memorial service will be held at Berge Pappas Smith; Chapel of the Angels, 40842 Fremont Boulevard Fremont, CA 94538. Following the services, the family would like to invite guests to a luncheon at a location to be announced following the services.
Burial to follow on December 29 at Noon at the Irvington Memorial Cemetery in Fremont, CA. Jesus will be laid to rest alongside his father-in-law, Jose Alfredo Rodelo (1916 – 1977), and his son-in-law, John D. Arteaga (1957 – 2021).
In lieu of flowers, please consider a donation in Jesus' honor to JW House in Santa Clara or the ASPCA.
Funeral Service: December 28, 2021 10:00 am	- 12:00 pm
Berge Papas Smith Chapel of the Angels
https://www.bergepappassmith.com
Room: Garden Chapel
Add to My Calendar America/New_York 2021-12-28 10:00:00 2022-01-21 12:00:00 Jesus Rodriguez Buzo Funeral Service Funeral Service 40842 Fremont Blvd.,Fremont, CA 94538
Burial: December 21, 2021 2:00 pm	- 3:00 pm
Irvington Memorial Cemetery
41001 Chapel Way
Room: Graveside
Add to My Calendar America/New_York 2021-12-21 14:00:00 2022-01-21 03:00:00 Jesus Rodriguez Buzo Burial Burial 41001 Chapel Way,Fremont, CA 94538
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
local xml = require "lua-libxml2"

local doc = xml.loadFile("./test.xml")

local root = xml.xmlDocGetRootElement(doc)

local function dump_xml_root(root)
    if not root then
        return nil
    end

    local cur = xml.childNode(root)

    while cur do

        print("name: ", xml.getNodeName(cur), " Content: ", xml.getContent(cur))
        local attrs = xml.getAllAttributes(cur)
        for k, v in pairs(attrs) do
            print("\t", k, '-', v)
        end

        dump_xml_root(cur)

        cur = xml.nextNode(cur)
    end
end

local new = xml.xmlNewChildNode(root, "TEST");
xml.setContent(new, "HHHHH");

new = xml.xmlNewChildNode(new, "ABC");
xml.setContent(new, "DEF");

xml.xmlNewCDataChildNode(doc, root, "with-cdata", " CData Value")

--dump_xml_root(root)

local node = xml.findNode(root, "TEST");
dump_xml_root(node);

print(xml.xmlDocDump(doc));

xml.xmlFreeDoc(doc)


text:
AeroFS (YC S10) raises $5.5M for private cloud file sync, wins large corporations who want maximum security & privacy
AeroFS announces funding and it's 100% behind the firewall private cloud that lets corporations get all the benefits of shared file and folder sync without ever having to use a server they don't own and control:
Air Computing Inc., which is doing business as AeroFS, emerged publicly Friday with software that lets customers privately share files in a way that no outsider–not even their software provider—can gain access to their data.
The company has been working in stealth for about three-and-a-half years, since graduating from the Silicon Valley incubator Y Combinator in the summer of 2010, and has since raised a total of $5.5 million in funding, primarily from Avalon Ventures, Venture Capital Dispatch has learned.
It has also won some large corporate customers, including a financial services firm in New York that signed up for 1,000 seats, with virtually no marketing, according to co-founder and Chief Executive Yuri Sagalov.
Mr. Sagalov says he assumes customers are proactively searching for what AeroFS does. He also believes the media stories generated by former NSA contractor Edward Snowden on how the NSA secretly monitors and captures our data have only reinforced customers' desire to find something like AeroFS.
"We have a lot of customers come from Germany. They say they can't store stuff on American servers, but you're just software so it's OK," he said.
AeroFS's distinguishing feature is its ability to avoid putting files on servers or any other central location where they could potentially be seen. Files are instead synchronized directly between users' machines, and because they don't have to take extra trips between the machines and a server, the data can travel faster and the software can accommodate more users.
Read the full article on WSJ
https://blog.ycombinator.com/aerofs-yc-s10-raises-5-dollars-dot-5m-for-private-cloud-file-sync-wins-large-corporations-who-want-maximum-security-and-privacy/


text:
Q: Content-Security-Policy - 'strict-dynamic' and the eval keyword CSP Strict Dynamic EDIT: This link provides some incorrect information. See answer below.
From the above link, it sounds like strict-dynamic allows loaded scripts to create additional scripts, does the same hold true for the eval keyword?
In other words, would using strict-dynamic in combination with a nonce allow a third party dependency hosted on an internal CDN to be loaded that would then be able to use the eval keyword to generate javascript from strings?
From this StackOverflow question here, I am aware that it is not possible to use a combination of unsafe-eval etc. to get the granularity required.
Is there a way to allow eval for very specific use cases in 2021 or is unsafe-eval required if I am unable to refactor the code to remove the use of eval?

A:
From the above link, it sounds like strict-dynamic allows loaded scripts to create additional scripts, does the same hold true for the eval keyword?

Link you refer does not provide true information. The 'strict-dynamic' does not lead to ignore 'unsafe-eval', also page contains other misleading info.
'unsafe-eval' acts as a global page flag (see Note to para 4). therefore it covers whole page, not designated scripts.

Is there a way to allow eval for very specific use cases in 2021?

Yes, there is a "very specific use case" - in a Firefox browser you can allow 'unsafe-eval' for workers, but not for scripts on the page.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
LOOKING INTO IT
Report: New Jersey Attorney General Subpoenas Trump Inaugural Fund
Yuri Gripas/Reuters
New Jersey's attorney general issued an "administrative subpoena" to Trump's inauguration fund for "financial records" that relate to any fundraising done in the state, The New York Times reports. The New Jersey subpoena, issued last week by the state's consumer protection office, reportedly demands records pertaining to contributions from foreigners, audits, vendor contracts, and the fund's tax status. A spokesman for the inaugural committee reportedly said it was responding to the attorney general's inquiry. A spokeswoman for the attorney general, Gurbir S. Grewal, reportedly declined to comment. This comes after United States attorney's office in the Southern District of New York subpoenaed that inaugural committee for materials related to "individuals or companies," among other requests. Manhattan federal prosecutors are reportedly examining whether all of the fund's donations were reported and if any foreigners illegally contributed money to the fund.


just starting to become tender.
sharp knife.  The chestnuts will have a soft brown skin under the shell.
Aminos, and cinnamon and mix until well blended.
platter garnished with parsley, raw cranberries, and orange slices.


Brian and I have started a new tradition and a fabulous one at that. We have date night once a week and go to different restaurants to surprise our pallet. I'm not talking your usual chain restaurants that are located within a mile radius of each other. I'm talking authentic, heart-warming, delicious foods and experiences. I've just now decided that I am going to include a post about each experience from here on out, so brace yourself–Christina's Kitchen is going out for dinner (only once a week of course).
The restaurant is attached to a gas station and has only a few spots reserved for their customers, but those lucky few will be in for a treat. Everything is made fresh and you can smell the aromas as you enter the class doors. Jean Paul is a charming man who puts all into his food. His side kick, (whom I shamefully forgot her name but I believe it's Jeanie), is very welcoming and goes out of her way to ensure you are comfortable and satisfied.
I could go on all day about this little Italian eatery. Take it from me, you MUST try this place to understand why I recommend this to anyone who is looking for something fun, NEW and positively delicious!


I spent the latter part of the summer (where did it goooo?) on the lookout for a little black slip dress. After scouring the internet, stores, and the vintage world, I came up empty handed. Then, out of coincidence, this Kendall x Kylie for Pacsun dress ended up in an random span email. A mere thirty-seven dollars later, I bequeathed the best layering piece in the game. Over turtlenecks? Sure! Under sweater dresses? Go for it. Tucked into jeans? Works like a charm.


My name is Daniel McKenzie, and I'm a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist. As someone who has experienced the love, mercy and grace of the Lord, my ultimate goal is to share what has been graciously given to me with those in need. I've helped people of all ages, backgrounds, and cultures find lasting solutions for struggles related to anxiety and depression, relationship issues, addiction, and parenting. I also provide counseling for men and at-risk youth. Whatever struggles you face, I offer a dedicated, client-focused approach for helping you heal, grow, and build meaningful relationships with yourself, others, and Christ.


text:
Bookstore Home/
Sort By : Sort Products Title (A - Z) Title (Z - A) Author (A - Z) Author (Z - A) Year (Older - Newer) Year (Newer - Older) Price (Low - High) Price (High - Low)
A History and Sociology of the Willowbrook State School
The Willowbrook State School is an important part of the history of disabilities in the United States and is regarded by some as the "ground zero" of the disabilities civil rights movement. This informative text describes in great detail what life was like for the people who lived and worked at Willowbrook and how and why the institution evolved as it did. The focus is primarily on the period before Geraldo Rivera's sensational television exposé in 1972.
A History and Sociology of the Willowbrook State School explores a general history of disabilities and institutions and increasingly concentrates on the "medicalization" of disability, which was the impetus for the creation of large-scale institutions. The early history of institutions in New York State, New York City, and Staten Island is adroitly presented as a backdrop that allows the authors to showcase the particulars of Willowbrook itself.
Beyond historical context, the reader is introduced to the sociology of institutions. Through the use of poignant first-hand observations and testimonials on life at Willowbrook, the authors provide readers a better understanding of the seemingly counterintuitive interpersonal dynamics and interactions that are part and parcel of life and work in institutional settings.
You may purchase the e-book version of A History and Sociology of the Willowbrook State School by clicking here.
Author : David Goode, Darryl Hill, Jean Reiss, and William Bronston
View Cart Contents
A History and Sociology of the Willowbrook State Scho...
This is an e-book version of A History and Sociology of the Willowbrook State School.
Click here for information about this book.
See our E Reader Tips for successful downloading.
This is a mobile version of A History and Sociology of the Willowbrook State School.
See the book description and/or purchase a print edition by clicking here.
Canadian French Translation of Intellectual Disabilit...
This translation of the 12th Edition is in Canadian French.
The AAIDD definition manual leads the field in understanding, diagnosing, and classifying the construct of intellectual disability (ID). The 12th edition integrates the findings and developments of the last 10 years and presents the operational definition in a systematic approach to diagnosis, optional subgroup classification, and planning of systems of supports for people with ID. In addition, the 12th edition examines the construct of age of onset in light of the developments of the last 10 years and changes that criterion in a way that will be critically important for professionals in the field. The material in the 12th edition is presented in a user-friendly fashion and includes advance organizers for each chapter to facilitate easy access and understanding.
Author : Robert L. Schalock, Ruth Luckasson, and Mark J. Tassé
This is a e-book version of the Canadian French translation of Intellectual Disability, 12th Edition. See the book description and/or purchase a print edition by clicking here.
This is a mobile version of the Canadian French translation of Intellectual Disability, 12th Edition. See the book description and/or purchase a print edition by clicking here.
Clinical Judgment, Second Edition
In 2005, AAIDD published the first edition of Clinical Judgment to assist clinicians in making decisions or recommendations that were of high quality, valid, and precise. This need was becoming increasingly important as the field of intellectual disability was moving to a community-based service delivery system in which the concepts of equity, inclusion, self-determination, and empowerment were merging with the supports paradigm and the self-advocacy movement. Thus, clinicians were being asked to formulate high-stakes decisions and recommendations that frequently required a level of competency that extended beyond their formal training. In this second edition, the authors maintain their focus on the use of clinical judgment in situations involving diagnosis, classification, and planning supports. In addition they have synthesized evaluative input from colleagues and literature-based critiques and have extended their analysis and evaluation of the role of clinical judgment in decision making.
You may purchase the e-book version of Clinical Judgment, Second Edition by clicking here.
Author : Robert L. Schalock and Ruth Luckasson
Clinical Judgment, Second Edition (E-Pub)
This is an e-book version of Clinical Judgment, Second Edition
Clinical Judgment, Second Edition (Mobile)
This is a mobile version of Clinical Judgment, Second Edition.
Community Living and Participation for People With In...
Community Living and Participation for People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities is an exploration of how to create the ideal conditions to facilitate community living and participation for people with IDD. The book addresses the complex and ever-evolving dimensions related to both the place of community and the feeling of community, including living arrangements, work, other daytime activities, financial resources, relationships, personal interests, health and well-being, faith, opportunities for learning and personal growth, self-determination and informed decision making, and rights and responsibilities as a citizen. The following topics are addressed specifically: using person-centered and positive support practices, housing, employment, social inclusion and relationships, self-determination and self-advocacy, supported decision making, health and wellness, planning for healthy and engaged aging, practices that promote quality outcomes, and the direct support workforce.
Each chapter includes advance organizers, discussion questions, and a resource list. The book is ideal as an ancillary textbook at the undergraduate or graduate levels and as a staff development tool.
Author : Amy S. Hewitt and Kelly M. Nye-Lengerman, Editors
This is a mobile version of Community Living and Participation for People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. See the book description and/or purchase a print edition by clicking here.
Critical Issues in Intellectual and Developmental Dis...
This timely and important publication provides a concise review of what we know about ten key areas in the field of IDD and what that knowledge means for future developments in public policy, research, and practice. Developed as a foundational review of the knowledge base in preparation for the 2015 National Goals conference, the book examines the following areas:
Aging, retirement, and end of life
Employment and economic self-sufficiency
Long-term supports and services
Self-determination and self-advocacy
Supports for families
This book will be particularly useful to practitioners, policy analysts, researchers, and students. Taken as a whole, this work concisely illustrates the gaps between the existing evidence and what must still be demonstrated, what practices we know to be effective and contemporary strategies for implementing those practices, and where we are and where we aspire to be in our nation's public policy.
You may purchase the e-book version of Critical Issues in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Contemporary Research, Practice, and Policy by clicking here.
From The Midwest Book Review:
"Written especially for aspiring and practicing professionals in education, caregiving, medicine and more, "Critical Issues in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities" is an impressive compendium of contemporary data. "Critical Issues in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities" is unreservedly recommended for professional, governmental, NGO, college and university library collections."
- Julie Summers
This is an e-book version of Critical Issues in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Contemporary Research, Practice, and Policy.
Cross-Cultural Quality of Life: Enhancing the Lives o...
The second edition of this popular book reflects many of the changes in the field of IDD in the first 15 years of this century, including an increased understanding of the quality-of-life (QOL) concept and the influence it has had on the field. This edition represents the work of 34 contributors, representing 14 countries, who capture the significant role the QOL concept has played in personal involvement and empowerment, self-advocacy, family-related QOL, supports planning, outcomes evaluation, continuous quality improvement, organization transformation, and systems-level change.
The sample of cultures in this edition represents a somewhat different sample than that found in the first edition and is amplified by an extensive reference list that presents a broader, more complete view of international QOL work. Chapters from the developing world are included, recognizing the significant challenges faced by many countries. The contributors to this edition include those whose work is familiar and widely published, as well as self-advocates who speak from their own experiences and insights. The chapters in this edition are grouped into the following sections: the culture of QOL, QOL at the microsystem level, QOL at the mesosystem level, QOL at the macrosystem level, and the cross-cultural QOL agenda.
Author : Robert L. Schalock and Kenneth D. Keith, Editors
This is an e-book version of Cross-Cultural Quality of Life: Enhancing the Lives of People With Intellectual Disability.
This is a mobile version of Cross-Cultural Quality of Life: Enhancing the Lives of People With Intellectual Disability. See the book description and/or purchase a print edition by clicking here.
Good Blood Bad Blood: Science, Nature, and the Myth o...
This is an e-book version of Good Blood, Bad Blood: Science, Nature, and the Myth of the Kallikaks.
Author : J. David and Michael L. Wehmeyer
Good Blood, Bad Blood: Science, Nature, and the Myth ...
Watch for the second edition of this best-seller – coming in 2022!
You can still purchase the e-book version of Good Blood, Bad Blood, First Edition by clicking here.
Good Blood, Bad Blood is a landmark publication in the history of the treatment of people with disabilities in this country. Written in a compelling narrative style, it tells the story of the impact of the American eugenics movement – the pseudoscience that claimed to improve "racial hygiene" through selective human breeding that excluded people perceived as "feeble-minded" or defective in some other way – through the lens of a notorious and false eugenic narrative, The Kallikak Family, published in 1912 by the psychologist Henry Herbert Goddard. That book, focused on the life of a woman institutionalized as a child for allegedly being feeble-minded, was purported to be a natural experiment proving that feeblemindedness and degeneracy were exclusively the result of "bad" heredity. Good Blood, Bad Blood tells the true story of the impact on the woman in Goddard's book, who had been given the pseudonym Deborah Kallikak, and who became the poster child for the cultural fear generated by American eugenicists, such as Charles Benedict Davenport. They, in turn, provided the Nazi regime with the "evidence" to take the eugenic horror to its ultimate conclusion.
Smith and Wehmeyer follow the development and increasing influence of the ideas of the eugenics movement, concurrent with Goddard's rise in the new field of intelligence testing. The theories of other scientists at the time, including the "born criminal" assumptions of Cesare Lombroso and others, are also woven into the events surrounding the eugenics movement and the misuse and misinterpretation of the primitive intelligence tests in use at the time. Smith and Wehmeyer follow these movements throughout the 20th century, including the sterilization of people with intellectual disability, which continued nearly to the present. They end this history with the real story of the woman called Deborah Kallikak, whose real name was Emma Wolverton, and who lived in an institution until her death in 1978 at the age of 89. Although she was institutionalized, she was literate, well-read, worked in a variety of jobs, and had many interests and friends.
In looking at these events over the span of a century, Smith and Wehmeyer point out the dangers of naive attribution of causality to any single event, circumstance, or factor -- for example, explanations of human behavior as exclusively caused by nature or nurture. Combined with this were the multiple contexts of the time, including the emergence of psychology as a discipline and societal fears and cultural stereotypes concerning immigrants, immigration, women, people with disabilities, and the poor.
Author : J. David Smith and Michael L. Wehmeyer
Intellectual Disability: Definition, Classification, ...
This is an e-book version of Intellectual Disability.
Author : AAIDD Ad Hoc Committee on Terminology and Classification
Intellectual Disability: Definition, Diagnosis, Class...
The 12th edition of Intellectual Disability: Definition, Diagnosis, Classification, and Systems of Supports is now available for purchase.
Author : Robert L. Schalock, Ruth Luckasson, and Marc J. Tassé


My high school bully committed suicide. I felt relief before I felt guilty. His ghost still bullying me. Wish I could go back and do something Say something But even with hindsight I still don't know what I would say And part of me doesn't want to save him anyway.
Give to Caesar what is his, namely, everything there is. I see a lot of eyebrows raised. Let's check the books. You'll be amazed. An x. An o. A hug and kiss. Render unto Caesar this. Render unto Caesar that. His the dog, his the cat. Render up your reading time. Render, too, your reverie.


text:
Travalour
Let's Go Explore!
Get Travalour for free on Google Play
67 Museums to explore in Italy
© Image by Oliver Lechner f...
Located in Southern Europe consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands.
© Michelangelo (1475–1564)...
Accademia GalleryVia Ricasoli, 58/60, 50129 Firenze FI, Italy
The Accademia Gallery is Florence's most visited museum right after the Uffizi Gallery. The original statue of Michelangelo's famous David actually has made the Accademia the most popular museum in Florence. It also has other sculptures by Michelangelo and a large collection of paintings by Florentine artists, mostly from the period 1300–1600, the Trecento to the Late Renaissance. In 2016, it had 1.46 million visitors, making it the second most visited art museum in Italy, after the Uffizi.
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Archaeological site of Grotte di CatulloPiazzale Orti Manara, 4, 25019 Sirmione BS, Italy
The term " Grotte di Catullo " identifies a Roman villa built between the end of the 1st century BC and the 1st century AD in Sirmione, in the province of Brescia, on the southern shore of Lake Garda. The archaeological complex, part of which, especially in the northern sector, which has always remained insight, has been the subject of scholarly visits and speculations since the 15th century, is today the most important testimony of the Roman period in the territory of Sirmione and is the exampl
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Bagatti Valsecchi MuseumVia Gesù, 5, 20121 Milano MI, Italy
The Bagatti Valsecchi Museum is a historic residence located in the Montenapoleone district, in the center of Milan. "Palazzo Bagatti Valsecchi", which houses the museum, was purchased by the Lombardy Region in 1975 and is one of the most important and best-preserved museum houses in Europe. Since October 2008 it has been part of the " Case Museo di Milano " circuit.
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Bargello National MuseumVia del Proconsolo, 4, 50122 Firenze FI, Italy
The Bargello Museum is located in the impressive Palazzo del Bargello, a fortress with powerful embattlements which surround the austere facade. Begun in 1255, the building was the headquarters of the Capitano del Popolo and later of the Podestà and Council of Justice. In 1574, it became the living quarters for the Captain of Justice (chief of police) and was used as a prison.
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Borghese Gallery and MuseumPiazzale Scipione Borghese, 5, 00197 Roma RM, Italy
The renowned state museum in Rome distinguished for its collection of Italian Baroque paintings and ancient sculptures. It is located in the Borghese Gardens on the Pincian Hill and is housed in the Villa Borghese, a building designed by the Dutch architect Jan van Santen (Giovanni Vasanzio) and built between 1613 and 1616. It houses a substantial part of the Borghese collection of paintings, sculpture, and antiquities, begun by Cardinal Scipione Borghese, the nephew of Pope Paul.
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Ca' RezzonicoDorsoduro, 3136, 30123 Venezia VE, Italy
Ca' Rezzonico is a palazzo on the Grand Canal in the Dorsoduro sestiere of Venice, Italy. It is a particularly notable example of the 18th century Venetian baroque and rococo architecture and interior decoration, and displays paintings by the leading Venetian painters of the period, including Francesco Guardi and Giambattista Tiepolo. It is a public museum dedicated to 18th-century Venice and one of the 11 venues managed by the Fondazione Musei Civici di Venezia.
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Capitoline MuseumsPiazza del Campidoglio, 1, 00186 Roma RM, Italy
The Capitoline Museums are the main civic museum of the city of Rome. The historical seat is constituted by the Palazzo dei Conservatori and the Palazzo Nuovo. The two buildings are located on the Campidoglio Square remodeled following the design of Michelangelo and are linked by the Galleria Lapidaria, an underground passage that crosses the Campidoglio Square without having to go outside the museums.
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Castel NuovoVia Vittorio Emanuele III, 80133 Napoli NA, Italy
Castel Nuovo, also called Maschio Angioino or Mastio Angioino, is a historic medieval and Renaissance castle, as well as one of the symbols of the city of Naples. The castle dominates the scenic Piazza Municipio and is the seat of the Neapolitan Society of Homeland History and of the Naples Committee of the Institute for the history of the Italian Risorgimento, housed in the premises of the SNSP. The civic museum is also located in the complex.
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Castello Di RivoliPiazza, Piazzale Mafalda di Savoia, 10098 Rivoli TO, Italy
The Castello di Rivoli Museum of Contemporary Art is home to the Museum of Contemporary Art housed in a building of historical interest located, a Unesco World Heritage Site in Rivoli, about 15 km west of Turin, in Piedmont. It was the former Residence of the Royal House of Savoy in Rivoli. which was built in the 9th–10th centuries.
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Church and Museum of OrsanmicheleVia dell'Arte della Lana, 50123 Firenze FI, Italy
This tall structure halfway down Via dei Calzaiuoli looks more like a Gothic warehouse than a church—which is exactly what it was, built as a granary/grain market in 1337. On the ground floor of the square building are the 13th-century arches that originally formed the loggia of the grain market. The second floor was devoted to offices, while the third housed one of the city's municipal grain storehouses, maintained to withstand famine or siege.
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Civic Gallery of Modern and Contemporary ArtVia Magenta, 31, 10128 Torino TO, Italy
One of the oldest museums in Italy, and it is devoted to art produced in the last two centuries. It was opened to the public in 1863, and it keeps over 40.000 pieces, among paintings, sculptures, installations, drawings, and engravings. Particularly important is the film and artistic videos collection, one of the most famous in Europe.
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Doge's PalaceP.za San Marco, 1, 30124 Venezia VE, Italy
A dazzling pink and white marble design and has been described - fairly accurately - as an oversized wedding cake. Much of the present building dates from the 15th century – although an earlier building on the spot may date back to the 9th century - and has been rebuilt and added on to several times. The palace was the residence of the Doge of Venice, the supreme authority of the former Republic. It was built in 1340, and extended and modified in the following centuries. It became a museum in 19
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Domus AureaVia della Domus Aurea, 1, 00184 Roma RM, Italy
Domus Aurea, Nero's famed Golden Palace was the major source of information on ancient Roman painting and decoration for Renaissance artists. which was built by Emperor Nero in the heart of ancient Rome. It covered parts of the slopes of the Palatine, Oppian, and Caelian hills, with an artificial lake in the marshy valley. It was one of the iconic locations in this area which is famous among tourists.
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Duomo di MilanoPiazza del Duomo, 20122 Milano MI, Italy
The cathedral took nearly six centuries to complete. It is the largest church in Italy, the third-largest in Europe and the fifth-largest in the world. The roof is open to tourists for a fee, which allows many a close-up view of some spectacular sculpture that would otherwise be unappreciated.
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Egyptian MuseumVia Accademia delle Scienze, 6, 10123 Torino TO, Italy
A museum in Torino is dedicated exclusively to Egyptian culture and art. Springing from the excavations completed in Egypt by the Italian Archeological Mission between 1900-1935, the collection counts more than 26,000 artifacts and is a scientific and academic resource on the topic. The museum hosts themed exhibits of special interest; for example, a recent special exhibit was about women in ancient Egyptian culture, in honor of National Women's Day. Each month offers various events.
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Fortuny PalaceS. Marco, 3958, 30124 Venezia VE, Italy
The Palazzo Fortuny is a palazzo gothic of Venice located in the district of San Marco. It takes its name from the last owner, the artist Mariano Fortuny y Madrazo, and is home to the homonymous museum. Today the museum is part of the Venice Civic Museums Foundation. Previously, the building was known as Palazzo Pesaro degli Orfei. The palace became for a time the seat of the Orfei Philharmonic Academy, hence the name Palazzo Pesaro degli Orfei, with which it was later known.
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Galleria SabaudaP.za Reale, 1, 10122 Torino TO, Italy
The Galleria Sabauda in Turin displays the art collections gathered by the House of Savoy. This gallery unites the collection of Eugene of Savoy with works from the Royal Palace of Turin, the picture gallery of the Savoy-Carignano, and works from the Palazzo Durazzo of Genoa. When the palace became the seat of the senators, they transferred the museum to the building of the Academy of Sciences, where was already the Egyptian Museum.
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Gallerie dell'AccademiaCampo della Carità, 1050, 30123 Venezia VE, Italy
The Galleria dell'Accademia in Florence is an Italian state museum, located in via Ricasoli together with the Academy of fine arts. The gallery exhibits the largest number of Michelangelo's sculptures in the world, including the famous David. Inside the museum, there are also other sections, including the largest and most important collection in the world of pictorial works with a gold background, and the Museum of musical instruments, where many artifacts belonging to the historical collection
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Glass Museum (Murano)Fondamenta Marco Giustinian, 8, 30141 Venezia VE, Italy
The Glass Museum, founded in Murano in 1861, is part of the Venice Civic Museums Foundation. Its headquarters are in the historic Palazzo del Vescovi di Torcello, a flowery gothic style building formerly home to Bishop Marco Giustinian. It was born as a project for the establishment of an archive that would bring together the testimonies of the history of the island but quickly evolved into its museum form.
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La SpecolaVia Romana, 17, 50125 Firenze FI, Italy
La Specola' houses a large zoological collection, the largest collection in the world of eighteenth-century anatomical waxes, the unique collection of the Sicilian coroplast Gaetano Giulio Zumbo, the Salone degli Skeletri . Furthermore, the " Mineraliter. Stones admirable between Medici and Nature "proposes an extraordinary selection of worked stones that belonged to the Medici family, flanked by an exhibition of aesthetic minerals from Italy and all over the world.
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text:
The Oldest Football Stadium In The North East, Football Has Been Played On The Pitch At St James' Park Since 1880.
They need to make the players feel comfortable and strong, they need to the method of snap, and performs all the characteristic blocking functions. Right, now the debate has existed ever since Americans started calling the game in which the feet rarely ever touch Park was named by FIFA as one of only six English football stadiums that are up to World Cup standard. American Football American football, on the other hand, is Football Club, the newly formed Newcastle United first played on the pitch in 1892. Now, to talk about rugby, the motive of the game includes players from two for the wins,


(CBS Minnesota/CBS Local)- After two frenetic weekends of tournament action, we are closing in on the waning moments of the NCAA Tournament. The Final Four tips off this Saturday, when Virginia battles Auburn and Michigan State meets Texas Tech at U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
The Cavaliers and Tigers will take the floor first on CBS, with tip time set for 6:09 p.m. Eastern time. As has been the case for the past five seasons, the broadcast team of Jim Nantz, Bill Raftery, Grant Hill and Tracy Wolfson will be on the call for the network. On a conference call Tuesday to discuss the Final Four, analysts Hill and Raftery weighed in with their thoughts on the matchups, and they agreed that the contrast in styles between Auburn and Virginia makes for a fascinating game.
Illustrative of that point, the Cavaliers ranked dead last in Ken Pomeroy's Adjusted Tempo rating, at 59.2 possessions per 40 minutes. On the flip side, Auburn, while not among the faster teams in the country, was 200 spots higher in those rankings, at 153rd, with 67.9 possessions per 40. The Tigers are the fastest-paced team of the the four squads left by a decent margin, as Michigan State (201) and Texas Tech (228) are both behind them in the ratings.
That tempo has been a part of the Tigers' identity in this tournament, getting out in transition to set up easy layups or open looks at the three-point line. That is unlikely or, at least, likely to happen less often against Virginia, as the Cavaliers rarely allow transition opportunities and play at a methodical pace, as Hill alluded to. That is a key thing to watch in this game for Raftery.
Another key in Saturday's matchup will be how well Auburn's shooting holds up against the Cavaliers' defense. On the season, UVA has allowed opponents to shoot just 28.7% from deep on 22 attempts per game. That mark is nearly 10 percentage points lower than the Tigers have shot this season (37.9%) on eight fewer attempts. The kinds of shots that Auburn can get and how efficient they are with them will be massive in a game that is likely to slow down due to Virginia's tendencies.


I have over three years of experience in IT and during this time I have implemented projects of various sizes. During this time I was working on architecture of a front-end, performance audit and improvement , back-end design and continuous integration process. Never the less I have a good knowledge of back-end and front-end technologies, at this point of my life I prefer working with Node.js projects. I am real programmer and I contribute to git community. My colleges respect me for a good problem solving skills.
Smiddle is a company that creates software solutions to increase the effectiveness of contact centers. I was responsible for CMS development based on tasks provided by a client, and DevOps scripts.
I was responsible for developing IDE for platform developers; Messaging Bots; Front-end/back-end logic creation; Continuous integration.
It's a bot building platform for people without any technical skills. For 4 years companies have been building different types of bots on OneReach, using the Communication Studio Bot Builder. This platform helps to build chat, phone, sms, video, email, social, app messaging bots.
I was responsible for development special widgets enabling integration of "Nova Poshta's" services into any website or a web store .
As an express document and a cargo delivery provider, Nova Poshta works closely with many web stores. Widgets allow web stores to provide an additional service - the popular online service of Nova Poshta by searching for the nearest branches, tracking parcels, estimating shipping cost. Thanking to the solution, users can find now the nearest Nova Poshta's branch, to calculate the approximate parcel cost, as well as to track its delivery without leaving a store website.
I created a modern web store with a wide range of functionality; Implemented a new logic to output and display of goods; Implemented a new checkout, including confirmation of an order, completing a form with personal details, choosing payment and delivery methods. The site was fully adapted to mobile devices.
ОYY is a web store of brand-name clothing, shoes and accessories. I have carried out a full range of its development and launched it on Magento platform.
I created a new design, structure and a filter system of the web store; Integrated a payment service for online orderings and payments and developed a mobile version of the web store.
"Budynok Іhrashok" is the largest toy store network in Ukraine. The main idea was to help enhancing their web store.
A browser version of 3d printer program, which allows you to create, edit and print shapes. During the project, I was also responsible for migration of PHP code to NodeJS.


Please note I am currently booking for Church and charity events only. If you are interested in either the "12 Stories" presentation or live classic rock music for your group or event, please contact me here. Thank you!


text:
Q: COGNITO OIDC Signout of IDP -OKTA Configured OKTA as OIDC Identity Provider in my cognito user pool.  In Okta App Admin provided the below
as Sign in URL https://.auth.ap-southeast-2.amazoncognito.com/oauth2/idpresponse
What do I provide the Signout Url in OKTA.  Tried the below its not working
https://.auth.ap-southeast-2.amazoncognito.com/Logout
Tried to signout from Cognito Hosted UI the below way but its not signing the user out of OKTA
https://<pooldomain name.auth.ap-southeast-2.amazoncognito.com/logout?client_id=xxxxxxxxxx&logout_uri=https://www.example.com/logout

A: This is a top result in Google, but there's no answer provided yet. I did some troubleshooting on my side, and when I used the Audience URI (SP Entity ID) value as the SP Issuer value, logouts work.
So in Okta,

*

*Select Applications.

*Select your application (the one you created and linked with Cognito. More details in the link below)

*Click General

*Under SAML Settings, click Edit

*On the general settings tab, click Next

*On the SAML Settings tab, click Show Advanced Settings

*Copy your value for Audience URI (SP Entity ID)

*Check the box for: Enable Single Logout

*For Single Logout URL, use: https://<YOUR_DOMAIN>.auth..amazoncognito.com/saml2/logout

*For SP Issuer, paste the value you copied from step #7

*For Signature Certificate, upload the Cognito cert for your pool.

https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/knowledge-center/cognito-okta-saml-identity-provider/

A: You can find more details here
But what you you're interested in is:
https://server.com/.well-known/openid-configuration

There you should find end_session_endpoint


Is it your new neighbourhood? Absolutely charming. Let's film an animated movie in the abandonned house.
These are gorgeous, and the colors are amazing. Do you just discover these horses while you're out adventuring, or do they belong to the property you're staying at? Either way, I'm jealous!
La Môme Néant, It's a fifteen-minute drive away from me. Let's do it!
Selina, the orange (snacking) horse belongs to my housemate, the others are the horse's neighbors.
Z, how has all the vegetation and nature been treating you? I hope it has been healing and inspiring.
Ivonne, it has, absolutely. There is something about the way my brain interacts with nature that's nothing short of magical. I couldn't love this place more if I tried.
so lovely! magical indeed. such a splendid contrast to the previous urban photo flurries.
Damn Zoetica, that looks gorgeous! I'm sure it's all helping to inspire and calm you a lot. I'm glad, you deserve it.
Mm I can practically smell the forest! Looks like an absolutely lovely place to be.


text:
from llvmlite import ir

from numba.core import types, cgutils

class NRTContext(object):
    """
    An object providing access to NRT APIs in the lowering pass.
    """

    def __init__(self, context, enabled):
        self._context = context
        self._enabled = enabled

    def _require_nrt(self):
        if not self._enabled:
            raise RuntimeError("NRT required but not enabled")

    def allocate(self, builder, size):
        """
        Low-level allocate a new memory area of `size` bytes.
        """
        self._require_nrt()

        mod = builder.module
        fnty = ir.FunctionType(cgutils.voidptr_t, [cgutils.intp_t])
        fn = mod.get_or_insert_function(fnty, name="NRT_Allocate")
        fn.return_value.add_attribute("noalias")
        return builder.call(fn, [size])

    def free(self, builder, ptr):
        """
        Low-level free a memory area allocated with allocate().
        """
        self._require_nrt()

        mod = builder.module
        fnty = ir.FunctionType(ir.VoidType(), [cgutils.voidptr_t])
        fn = mod.get_or_insert_function(fnty, name="NRT_Free")
        return builder.call(fn, [ptr])

    def meminfo_alloc(self, builder, size):
        """
        Allocate a new MemInfo with a data payload of `size` bytes.

        A pointer to the MemInfo is returned.
        """
        self._require_nrt()

        mod = builder.module
        fnty = ir.FunctionType(cgutils.voidptr_t, [cgutils.intp_t])
        fn = mod.get_or_insert_function(fnty, name="NRT_MemInfo_alloc_safe")
        fn.return_value.add_attribute("noalias")
        return builder.call(fn, [size])

    def meminfo_alloc_dtor(self, builder, size, dtor):
        self._require_nrt()

        mod = builder.module
        fnty = ir.FunctionType(cgutils.voidptr_t,
                               [cgutils.intp_t, cgutils.voidptr_t])
        fn = mod.get_or_insert_function(fnty,
                                        name="NRT_MemInfo_alloc_dtor_safe")
        fn.return_value.add_attribute("noalias")
        return builder.call(fn, [size,
                                 builder.bitcast(dtor, cgutils.voidptr_t)])

    def meminfo_alloc_aligned(self, builder, size, align):
        """
        Allocate a new MemInfo with an aligned data payload of `size` bytes.
        The data pointer is aligned to `align` bytes.  `align` can be either
        a Python int or a LLVM uint32 value.

        A pointer to the MemInfo is returned.
        """
        self._require_nrt()

        mod = builder.module
        u32 = ir.IntType(32)
        fnty = ir.FunctionType(cgutils.voidptr_t, [cgutils.intp_t, u32])
        fn = mod.get_or_insert_function(fnty,
                                        name="NRT_MemInfo_alloc_safe_aligned")
        fn.return_value.add_attribute("noalias")
        if isinstance(align, int):
            align = self._context.get_constant(types.uint32, align)
        else:
            assert align.type == u32, "align must be a uint32"
        return builder.call(fn, [size, align])

    def meminfo_new_varsize(self, builder, size):
        """
        Allocate a MemInfo pointing to a variable-sized data area.  The area
        is separately allocated (i.e. two allocations are made) so that
        re-allocating it doesn't change the MemInfo's address.

        A pointer to the MemInfo is returned.
        """
        self._require_nrt()

        mod = builder.module
        fnty = ir.FunctionType(cgutils.voidptr_t, [cgutils.intp_t])
        fn = mod.get_or_insert_function(fnty, name="NRT_MemInfo_new_varsize")
        fn.return_value.add_attribute("noalias")
        return builder.call(fn, [size])

    def meminfo_new_varsize_dtor(self, builder, size, dtor):
        """
        Like meminfo_new_varsize() but also set the destructor for
        cleaning up references to objects inside the allocation.
        """
        self._require_nrt()

        mod = builder.module
        fnty = ir.FunctionType(cgutils.voidptr_t,
                               [cgutils.intp_t, cgutils.voidptr_t])
        fn = mod.get_or_insert_function(
            fnty, name="NRT_MemInfo_new_varsize_dtor")
        return builder.call(fn, [size, dtor])

    def meminfo_varsize_alloc(self, builder, meminfo, size):
        """
        Allocate a new data area for a MemInfo created by meminfo_new_varsize().
        The new data pointer is returned, for convenience.

        Contrary to realloc(), this always allocates a new area and doesn't
        copy the old data.  This is useful if resizing a container needs
        more than simply copying the data area (e.g. for hash tables).

        The old pointer will have to be freed with meminfo_varsize_free().
        """
        return self._call_varsize_alloc(builder, meminfo, size,
                                        "NRT_MemInfo_varsize_alloc")

    def meminfo_varsize_realloc(self, builder, meminfo, size):
        """
        Reallocate a data area allocated by meminfo_new_varsize().
        The new data pointer is returned, for convenience.
        """
        return self._call_varsize_alloc(builder, meminfo, size,
                                        "NRT_MemInfo_varsize_realloc")

    def meminfo_varsize_free(self, builder, meminfo, ptr):
        """
        Free a memory area allocated for a NRT varsize object.
        Note this does *not* free the NRT object itself!
        """
        self._require_nrt()

        mod = builder.module
        fnty = ir.FunctionType(ir.VoidType(),
                               [cgutils.voidptr_t, cgutils.voidptr_t])
        fn = mod.get_or_insert_function(fnty, name="NRT_MemInfo_varsize_free")
        return builder.call(fn, (meminfo, ptr))

    def _call_varsize_alloc(self, builder, meminfo, size, funcname):
        self._require_nrt()

        mod = builder.module
        fnty = ir.FunctionType(cgutils.voidptr_t,
                               [cgutils.voidptr_t, cgutils.intp_t])
        fn = mod.get_or_insert_function(fnty, name=funcname)
        fn.return_value.add_attribute("noalias")
        return builder.call(fn, [meminfo, size])

    def meminfo_data(self, builder, meminfo):
        """
        Given a MemInfo pointer, return a pointer to the allocated data
        managed by it.  This works for MemInfos allocated with all the
        above methods.
        """
        self._require_nrt()

        from numba.core.runtime.nrtdynmod import meminfo_data_ty

        mod = builder.module
        fn = mod.get_or_insert_function(meminfo_data_ty,
                                        name="NRT_MemInfo_data_fast")
        return builder.call(fn, [meminfo])

    def get_meminfos(self, builder, ty, val):
        """Return a list of *(type, meminfo)* inside the given value.
        """
        datamodel = self._context.data_model_manager[ty]
        members = datamodel.traverse(builder)

        meminfos = []
        if datamodel.has_nrt_meminfo():
            mi = datamodel.get_nrt_meminfo(builder, val)
            meminfos.append((ty, mi))

        for mtyp, getter in members:
            field = getter(val)
            inner_meminfos = self.get_meminfos(builder, mtyp, field)
            meminfos.extend(inner_meminfos)
        return meminfos

    def _call_incref_decref(self, builder, typ, value, funcname):
        """Call function of *funcname* on every meminfo found in *value*.
        """
        self._require_nrt()

        from numba.core.runtime.nrtdynmod import incref_decref_ty

        meminfos = self.get_meminfos(builder, typ, value)
        for _, mi in meminfos:
            mod = builder.module
            fn = mod.get_or_insert_function(incref_decref_ty, name=funcname)
            # XXX "nonnull" causes a crash in test_dyn_array: can this
            # function be called with a NULL pointer?
            fn.args[0].add_attribute("noalias")
            fn.args[0].add_attribute("nocapture")
            builder.call(fn, [mi])

    def incref(self, builder, typ, value):
        """
        Recursively incref the given *value* and its members.
        """
        self._call_incref_decref(builder, typ, value, "NRT_incref")

    def decref(self, builder, typ, value):
        """
        Recursively decref the given *value* and its members.
        """
        self._call_incref_decref(builder, typ, value, "NRT_decref")

    def get_nrt_api(self, builder):
        """Calls NRT_get_api(), which returns the NRT API function table.
        """
        self._require_nrt()

        fnty = ir.FunctionType(cgutils.voidptr_t, ())
        mod = builder.module
        fn = mod.get_or_insert_function(fnty, name="NRT_get_api")
        return builder.call(fn, ())

    def eh_check(self, builder):
        """Check if an exception is raised
        """
        ctx = self._context
        cc = ctx.call_conv
        # Inspect the excinfo argument on the function
        trystatus = cc.check_try_status(builder)
        excinfo = trystatus.excinfo
        has_raised = builder.not_(cgutils.is_null(builder, excinfo))
        with builder.if_then(has_raised):
            self.eh_end_try(builder)
        return has_raised

    def eh_try(self, builder):
        """Begin a try-block.
        """
        ctx = self._context
        cc = ctx.call_conv
        cc.set_try_status(builder)

    def eh_end_try(self, builder):
        """End a try-block
        """
        ctx = self._context
        cc = ctx.call_conv
        cc.unset_try_status(builder)


What to Know When You Buy a Pond Aerator?
How You Can Grow More In Your Garden?
If talking about permaculture guilds then these are an extension of a normal gardening method known by the name of companion planting. Though, if you have successfully completed Permaculture Course Online you will learn more about these techniques.
What do you know about PDC Australia? Mainly an agricultural or architectural concept, permaculture is directly applied to the wonderful design of buildings and landscapes.
Find the best chimney sweep and Chimney Cleaning services in Vancouver, Canada. 911fireplace connects you with pre-screened chimney sweeping services in your area.


text:
Social Issues | Youth News
Struggles of Aging-Out Foster Youth in Focus as Holidays Approach
Bridgeport Initiative Aims to Break Down STEM Career Barriers
Youth Mental-Health Needs Linger in PA Provider Shortage
TX Children's Advocates Want Foster Care System Fixed ASAP
Ivy Smith, who was part of the foster care system, recieved her undergraduate degree from Boise State University in 2020. (Ivy Smith)
The organizations that are part of the National League of Cities grant say they hope to engage with 200 to 300 young people in Bridgeport during the 18-month initiative. (Adobe Stock)
Twenty-five percent of students said they sometimes feel "life is not worth it," according to the most recent Pennsylvania Youth Survey. (Adobe Stock)
The number of Texas foster children in temporary lodgings rose from 47 in August 2020 to roughly 400 a year later, while the average length of stay increased from 3.6 nights to 18 nights, according to the Texas Department of Family and Protective Services. (wokandapix/Pixabay)
BOISE, Idaho - The holidays can be a hard time for foster care youth, especially young people who have recently aged out of the system. Ivy Smith, who is chair of the Idaho Foster Youth Advisory Board, was herself part of the foster care system.
"It's a very emotionally taxing time of year," said Smith, "especially when you've just aged out of the foster care system. It can feel very lonely. It's almost like you start feeling like it's you against the world."
Smith said aging out of the system at any time brings challenges that many don't anticipate. She said while most people look forward to the day, they also have to figure out ways to build adult skills.
"Meaning like how to file my taxes and taking care of myself, basically," said Smith, "Those are all those kinds of skills that I wish I had help with before I had turned 18, but I was pretty much kind of thrown into the deep end and was told sink or swim."
Smith, who graduated high school at age 17 to enroll at Boise State University, said having a job was important once she was out of the system. She's now an administrative specialist for the City of Boise mayor's office.
This year, Idaho lawmakers passed a bill that extends support for foster care youth from age 18 to 21. Smith said this is an important adjustment, especially with many young people aging out of the system without ever having had a job before.
She said it can be a struggle to find an affordable place to live.
"I know that across the nation many cities are experiencing a housing crisis," said Smith, "but this is especially true for foster youth."
Smith said the bar shouldn't be set so low for young people who are in, or have been in, foster care.
"They have so many trials and tribulations that they're going through," said Smith, "but to only believe in them to hit a certain point and not wish that they could go further is, in my mind, just such a disservice."
There are about 450,000 children in foster care nationwide, including about 2,000 in Idaho.
Idaho Legislature: House Bill 336 the Idaho Legislature 2021
Bridgeport is one of six U.S. cities selected for an 18-month project kicking off this month, to create more education and career opportunities for young people.
The National League of Cities has awarded Bridgeport a $150,000 grant to support projects promoting STEM education and careers, particularly for young people not working or in school.
Marc Donald, executive director of the Regional Youth Adult Social Action Partnership (RYASAP), said the funds will be used for the Park City Career Pathways program. The goal is to help eliminate barriers to getting jobs in STEM fields.
"It's just really trying to get them on a better path, where they graduate with a high school diploma and then, get into some sort of post-secondary opportunity," Donald explained. "Or jump right into some sort of career pathway, especially in the STEM careers or around advanced manufacturing."
Other participating cities are Houston; Sacramento, California; Madison, Wisconsin; Saint Paul, Minnesota; and Lauderhill, Florida.
Through the same grant, the United Way of Coastal Fairfield County will also support RYASAP's work.
Gwendolyn Brantley, lead of the United Way's Greater Bridgeport STEM Learning Ecosystem, said when presenting STEM opportunities to young people, it is about showing them it is within reach to find work that interests them.
"We are introducing our students to careers in the gaming industry through e-sports," Brantley noted. "We're trying to really be intentional, using tools that are exciting and will get our students to want to look into these careers."
Brantley added they have developed e-sports teams across the city, for kids from elementary school into their 20s. They are also working with the district to help students set up profiles on the networking platform Tallo, where they can learn about STEM internships and scholarships, and connect with potential employers.
Youth initiative National League of Cities 2022
Park City Career Pathways 2022
Bridgeport program STEM Ecosystems 2022
Pennsylvania faces a shortage of psychiatrists that children's advocates call "alarming," and they're concerned about the impact it might have on young people whose needs become more intense and could require medication.
A June 2020 report found there aren't enough psychiatrists to meet the demand for mental-health assistance in the Commonwealth. Pittsburgh-based psychologist Dan Warner said this means the responsibility of prescribing medication for children with severe mental-health challenges often falls on pediatricians. He said the first step should be talking to a mental-health professional.
"Under significant stress, there might be a need to elevate and really looking at a biomedical intervention," he said. "Very often, the first line of that is starting with your pediatrician. Those people are not specially trained in the needs of children with mental health issues, and they don't necessarily have the time to do all the kind of work."
The most recent Pennsylvania Youth Survey found 38% of students reported feeling sad or depressed most days.
One possible solution getting the support of some health professionals is Senate Bill 25. It would allow certain nurse practitioners to have full authority to prescribe medication without requiring them to have a collaborative agreement with a physician.
State Sen. Camera Bartolotta, R-Greene County, who introduced the bill, said it would assist communities hit hardest by the shortage, both rural and urban.
"It's very specific," she said. "It would be highly regulated, but it would open the doors to incredibly good health care that is needed right now more than ever, especially mental health care. We've got hundreds of qualified nurse practitioners that could easily jump into that field and fill the void."
Terry Clark, president and chief executive of the Pennsylvania Council on Children, Youth and Family Services, which published a position statement on the state's psychiatric shortage, said this expansion can help save children's lives.
"Not every child needs a psychiatrist, but for those most vulnerable children who do, they go without the help they need," he said, "thus the reason suicide is growing amongst our adolescent age group."
Senate Bill 25 would require a qualified nurse practitioner to have 3,600 hours and three years under a physician's collaborative agreement. The bill passed out of committee in recent months and awaits a vote in the full Senate. According to Bartolotta, it has bipartisan support.
Student survey Pennsylvania Commission on Crime and Delinquency 2019
Senate Bill 25 Pennsylvania General Assembly 2022
The Texas foster-care system is suffering a severe shortage of safe and appropriate placement homes, resulting in an expert panel being convened to address the problem and a myriad of others.
Kate Murphy, senior child welfare policy associate at Texans Care for Children, said the number of kids who did not have a safe home within the foster-care system hit a record high in mid-2021, but is now declining.
"We know we've had a really significant spike in the number of kids we couldn't find homes for," Murphy noted. "Part of the reason those numbers are going down is because we're placing kids out of state, or we're using temporary, emergency placements."
In the past two years, at least 65 Texas foster-care operations have closed, more than a third of them for safety reasons, creating a loss of more than 2,000 available beds. Texas lawmakers passed several pieces of legislation this year to address ongoing issues including approving millions to fund caseworkers, retain providers and increase foster-care capacity.
Murphy pointed out many in the state's foster-care system receive a "child without placement" designation, meaning the state cannot find a suitable placement. She added those children have the most acute levels of need, often suffering from trauma or abuse, drug addiction or mental illness.
"So what we're seeing is that kids are coming into care because they can't get their needs met, and then the system is unable to meet those needs," Murphy observed. "We're seeing that happen disproportionately with older youths."
The pandemic has been a unique stressor for older youths, according to Murphy, because of system challenges, but also because they are more vulnerable.
"We have so many young adults who leave foster care and have limited resources," Murphy explained. "They depend on some of the jobs that were most effected by the pandemic, like the service industry."
Murphy is gratified new policies adopted by the state this year will help older youths transitioning out of foster care to establish a rental history and credit rating, a serious challenge for those who have been in the system for a number of years.
Disclosure: Annie E Casey Foundation contributes to our fund for reporting on Children's Issues, Criminal Justice, Early Childhood Education, Education, Juvenile Justice, and Welfare Reform. If you would like to help support news in the public interest, click here.
Senate Bill 1896 06/14/2021
About three in five kids in foster care return home to their parents or other family members.
(avtk/Adobe Stock)
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