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Q: datatable tableTools mDataProp not render column if using fnRender I am using DataTables and the TableTools add-on.  I want to use TableTools with a blank column to export a pdf version of the table. Using fnRender
$('#example').dataTable({
  'mDataProp':null,
  'sTitle':'Date',
  'fnRender':function (oObj) {
       return oObj.aData.date.substring(0, 10);
   }
});

without fnRender , TableTools works well (of course)
sugestões?

A: fnRender is slated to be removed in the next release , and the documents suggest using mRender.

A: yes fnRender is no more available in the jquery datatable, Replace fnRender with mRnder
please also check index of date field by debugg as well, I am going to set oObj.aData[0], but it may be 1,2 etc.

    $('#example').dataTable({
    'mDataProp':null,
    'sTitle':'Date',
    'mRender':function (data, type,oObj) {
        return oObj[0].substring(0, 10);
    }
    });

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Can CenturyLink's Dividend Even Survive?
Duane | September 19, 2018 | Finance | No Comments
It's easy to see why so many investors are bearish on Telecom giant CenturyLink Inc. (NYSE: CTL). Its legacy business is expected to continue shrinking, and it has paid out more in dividends than it has earned in profits for years. Oh, and there's even more. Its success is almost entirely reliant on something few companies ever get right: successfully integrating a major acquisition while also delivering cost savings and growth.
Based on those things alone, no wonder more than 8% of its shares — worth $2.1 billion in market value — were sold short at last report. It's only a matter of time before the ax falls and CenturyLink's dividend gets cut, right?
Hand reaching for a stack of money in a giant rat trap.
Some investors say CenturyLink is a dividend trap. This writer isn't one of them. Image source: Getty Images.
Not so fast. It's more secure than the metrics make it appear, and count me in the minority of vocal investors who expect the dividend to survive for the long term. Let's take a closer look at why that's the case.
What about the payout ratio?
This is as good a place as any to start. Yes, CenturyLink's payout ratio, which measures the portion of earnings it takes to "pay" the dividend, has looked horrible for years:
CTL Payout Ratio (TTM) Chart
CTL Payout Ratio (TTM) data by YCharts.
But here's the rub: GAAP earnings aren't a cash flow metric. There are often a lot of things in the earnings number that aren't cash. Dividends, however, are almost always paid out in cash (with rare stock-funded dividend exceptions). When we look at CenturyLink's cash payout ratio, things look much better:
CTL Cash Dividend Payout Ratio (TTM) Chart
CTL Cash Dividend Payout Ratio (TTM) data by YCharts.
The cash payout ratio did spike last year around the time of the merger with Level 3 Communications, but in recent quarters, as the two companies have steadily integrated their operations, the portion of its cash flows used to pay the dividend has fallen back well below 100%.
Don't get me wrong: GAAP results still matter, but they aren't the only — or even most important — measures to use, particularly when it comes to cash flow analysis.
Can CenturyLink keep the cash coming?
This is the main question to answer when it comes to the dividend sustainability. And there are plenty of people, including my fool.com colleague Anders Bylund, who say CenturyLink's cash flows won't be sustainable.
He makes a good point with regard to the roughly $10 billion in net operating loss carry-forwards that came along with CenturyLink's acquisition of Level 3 Communications. The company is already benefiting, since it can use these carry-forwards to reduce its income tax bill for the next few years, which does temporarily — one could say artificially — increase cash flows.
One hand holding a percent sign and another hand holding a dollar sign.
Total revenue is falling, but higher-profit data sales are growing. Image source: Getty Images.
But what about when those NOL carry-forwards are all used up? The lower corporate tax rates implemented at the beginning of 2018 are one thing that will make a difference, as fool.com colleague (and fellow bull) Jamal Carnette described.
But that's not all; it's becoming apparent the company is getting the Level 3 merger right. Last quarter, management said the integration has already delivered $675 million in combined savings, well on the way to the target of $850 million in annualized reductions.
Between lower corporate taxes and delivering on promised cost savings from the merger, CenturyLink's future cash flows look as if they'll be more than sufficient to continue supporting the dividend.
This year, management expects to generate $3.6 billion to $3.8 billion in free cash flow, leaving it with $1.3 billion to $1.5 billion after paying the dividend and spending 16% of revenue on capital expenditures.
Already working on debt reduction
Long-term debt jumped to $37.3 billion following the Level 3 acquisition, and at $2.25 billion this year, it costs the company nearly as much as it will pay in dividends. It's imperative that the company address that debt, particularly since rising interest rates will only increase the cost of servicing this debt.
There's excellent news on that front. The company recently announced it was calling for redemption of $1.34 billion in debt that costs between 7% and 7.5% in yearly interest. That will cut interest expense by at least $95 million on an annualized basis once it's fully paid off. CenturyLink said it would use existing cash (it had $700 million at quarter's end) and its revolving credit facility to redeem this debt, so it won't immediately wipe out all the interest expense, though the 4.9% rate on that facility is lower.
Business results are better than you think
The one unknown right now is how much growth CenturyLink will be able to deliver. In the second quarter, revenues actually declined 2.3%, raising some concerns.
However, there continues to be growing demand for data services. IP and data services increased 2.3%, and I.T. and managed services was up 5.2%. The growth in these segments wasn't enough to offset the 8% decline in voice-related services and 1.9% decline in transportation and infrastructure revenues. But these growth segments are more profitable, and that's already offsetting — and then some — lost revenue from declining voice-related businesses. CenturyLink's adjusted EBITDA margin was 38.5% in the second quarter, up from 35.7% year over year.
So far, the Level 3 merger is delivering as promised, with cost cuts and tax benefits paying off to help keep cash flows strong in the short term, while growth of higher-margin services and debt reduction should help support it over the longer term.
There are no promises that things will keep going swimmingly; frankly, they've gone almost perfectly since the Level 3 merger was closed. But as we have seen so far, CenturyLink's plan is working, and its cash flows are on track to be substantial enough not just to support the dividend but also to generate a meaningful margin of safety in the years ahead.
More From The Motley Fool
Jason Hall owns shares of CenturyLink. The Motley Fool has no position in any of the stocks mentioned. The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy.
Visit the Source: https://finance.yahoo.com/news/centurylink-apos-dividend-even-survive-100200601.html
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OMGIs 'Julie and the Phantoms' Getting a Season 2? Here's What We Know
EIKE SCHROTER/NETFLIX
Warning: Spoilers ahead. Ever since it first hit Netflix in September 2020, fans have been seriously obsessed with the series Julie and the Phantoms. The coming-of-age story followed stars Madison Reyes, Charlie Gillespie, Owen Joyner, Jeremy Shada, Booboo Stewart, Cheyenne Jackson, Carlos Ponce, Sonny Bustamante, Jadah Marie, Sacha Carlson, and Savannah Lee May after the ghosts of three dreamy musicians from 1995 appear in main character Julie's music studio just as she loses her passion for music. Throughout the first season, fans watched as the teen gets inspired to start making music again and creates a new band with the three boys.
After its global success, Julie and the Phantoms was nominated for 13 Emmy Awards in 2021. Following the news, Madison took to Instagram Stories and told fans she was "speechless." The actress also teamed up with costars Owen and Charlie for an Instagram Live in June 2021 and updated fans on the future of the show. While they didn't confirm anything at the time, the stars definitely pleaded with Netflix for more episodes. "It seems like they're working on it, but no official pickup yet," Charlie said at the end of the cast's livestream.
Netflix's Teen Shows That Only Lasted 1 Season: 'The Society,' 'Julie and the Phantoms' and More
Months later, executive producer Kenny Ortega announced via social media that the show had been canceled.
"We learned this week that Netflix will not be picking us up for another season," he shared in December 2021. "Although our hearts are saddened, we move on with such pride for what we accomplished as a team and the family we built while creating Julie. We hope you will continue to follow us as we move forward with our work and careers."
Although viewers have created tons of petitions to bring back the show, Kenny updated fans in March 2022, explaining that nothing is in the works just yet.
"I feel it's some of the best work I've done for kids and family, and young adult entertainment. I'm proud of it," he told Deadline. "And if it never happens again and it doesn't have an afterlife, I'm grateful that it exists. I hope it exists forever so others can find it and watch it over the years."
The creator added: "But you know, anything is possible. I don't want to jinx it. If Netflix wants to carry on with it anytime in the future, perhaps someone else will be interested in it. Perhaps we could tour the kids as a music group or maybe a film. But for now, there are no plans."
After season 1 came to an end, the show's cast and crew had actually spilled a lot of tea on what hoped to see in a second season. , and yes, a love interest between Julie and Luke is number one on everyone's list of storylines!
"They had a strong connection when it comes to songwriting and … if we were to get our second season, that's where their strongest connection will be because it's hard enough to be in a relationship," showrunner Dan Cross told Entertainment Tonight in September 2020. "It's even harder to be in a relationship with somebody in your own band, and it's even harder to be in a relationship with somebody that's dead."
Scroll through our gallery to find out what the cast wanted to see in Julie and the Phantoms season 2.
Alex and Willie's Relationship
"If there's a season two, I definitely think there would be a chance for them, I really do," Booboo told E! News in September 2020. "There it's too strong of a connection and too strong of a bond for it to just fall to the wayside. I think making it work is something that's really interesting … our scenes together felt very, very close, very just like in tune. And I think ignoring that connection would wouldn't be right, and it would be sad to see it go to the wayside so I definitely think that there's a lot to discover there and a lot to dive into."
The Phantoms' Backstories
"The thing I'm hoping for, if we get a season 2, is learning more about Alex and Reggie," Madison told Collider in September 2020. "Their characters are just so sweet and cute, and I just feel like I definitely want to learn more about their backgrounds."
Madison added, "I just want to expand more on the characters. But I was excited to see if the boys' powers evolve. Caleb can control so much and do all these cool things. I'm excited to see if the boys' powers will also grow like that, as well."
Similarly, Jeremy wants to see his character's backstory explored more in season 2.
"If we get to do [season 2], I think we'll see some of hopefully Reggie's family and see his brother," he told E! News."We haven't figured out where they're all at because he still has he hasn't found them yet. I think we'll definitely get to play around more with the idea of Reggie almost kind of becoming part of the Molina family a little bit, especially with the Carlos relationship, her little brother. I think there might be some stuff there with kind of him getting into some mischief with Carlos, now that Carlos knows that the band are actually ghosts."
Julie and Luke's Relationship
"I'm excited to see where the relationship goes, especially [because] we didn't just go right away with the two of them getting together or anything like that. It wasn't your typical like 'Girl meets guy, guy and girl fall in love.' There was struggle. There was challenge," Madison told E! News in September 2020. "They know that it's not right and that it's not gonna work out but the fact that they can push aside everybody else's thoughts and just kind of care about each other for what their soul is and who they are and what they represent and project out into the world is amazing. And I feel like we should establish that especially for younger people to know that you don't have to necessarily rush things. It's better to just get to know a person. Also, you should listen to what people have to say, but if your heart is telling you this, and you've got that gut feeling, then just go for it."
Charles also told Entertainment Tonight he'd love to explore this relationship on a deeper level.
"It's hard because he's a ghost and she's a girl. I think what's so beautiful about season 1 is you know it's there, the energy is there, the chemistry is there but there are very specific moments where my character figures it out, there's a specific moment where her character figures it out and they became best friends," he said. "They write music together you know? And so, I think it's a great message for people to realize — make sure you're best friends with somebody before you continue, before we really ask that question on the show."
KAILEY SCHWERMAN/NETFLIX
Season 1 End
After nine episodes, fans were left on the edge of their seats after the Phantoms unknowingly struck a deal with the devil and instead of going poof, the ghosts gained the ability to touch humans! Julie's love interest, Nick, gets possessed by the evil Caleb Covington and, of course, fans can't forget the budding romance between Willie and Alex. So, yeah, there were a lot of questions left unanswered at the end of season 1, which is why the cast wants viewers to see more.
The Cast on Season 2
"I think that's very much in Netflix's hands at this point. So we'll see what happens. It's always weird being in that kind of waiting process where you just really don't know. If they want us to come back and do it, we will definitely come back and do it!" Jeremy told Entertainment Weekly in August 2021. "I would love to see more of my character's backstory, like his family and how he ended up in this trio of total dorks. Seeing how the three phantoms became as close friends as they are, essentially brothers. I would love seeing how those relationships started. It would be so fun to dive into that and see some flashbacks."
Getting Real Madison Reyes Is 'Grateful' for Her Latinx Representation in 'Julie and the Phantoms'...
Hottie Alert 'Julie and the Phantoms' Star Charlie Gillespie: Everything We Know
Exclusive The Cast of Netflix's New Show 'Julie and the Phantoms' Reads Text Messages From Their...
Exclusive The Cast of Netflix's New Show 'Julie and the Phantoms' Shares Funniest On-Set Moments...
Fan-Toms What the 'Julie and the Phantoms' Stars Are Up to After the Show's Cancellation
Besties Aww! 'Julie and the Phantoms' Stars Reunite After Show's Cancellation
OMG Stars React After Netflix Cancels 'Julie and the Phantoms': What Went Wrong


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Oulipost #25: Larding
April 26, 2014 Melanie	Leave a comment
"There are no whales here to watch," he said, scanning the empty sea.
Even though I had been around them, struck them and watched them die, now I was watching them ballet, caressing their young. (Imagine what your home would look like without any trees, shrubs, flowers or grass).
"Why did you take me on this terrible, terrible tour of my past?"
Better to linger over these locations for a moment or two as the guest continues a train of thought. Stop the celebrating, avoid the stragglers and return to the rebuilding already in progress. We no longer use pieces of mirror to signal where the whales were from hill to hill.
"Clearly, in the future, we'll have to get a grip on this and carefully, carefully design the next phase," he said.
For some patients it could be life-changing. But it won't matter as much as what is already taking place. Memorable, but for all the wrong reasons. Someone to catch the glimpses of its beauty and lack thereof. In close-up. But stick two strangers in a car, and suddenly there's an intimacy – sometimes comfortable, sometimes not – enforced within its glass-and-steel enclosure.
"Everybody likes the blame the storms, but there are storms every year. Watching them took my breath away. The rising water spilled into the basement of my small fieldstone office perched alongside the stream."
It can do all that — as long as you believe such a fickle, abstract thing exists. The car never stops. Landmarks are pointed out, drive-by style. There are no question marks in my mind. Gardens that have been carefully tended for years are now at risk of being lost. And there are likely more on the way.
"You see any whales to watch?"
Charles, Jacqueline. "Last of the whalters: St. Vincent is one of the few places in the world where whale harpooning is still allowed. Some cling to the contested tradition, but many would like to see it come to an end." Chicago Tribune. 25 April 2014: 15.
Conway, Sean. "Planning helps solve garden water troubles". Chicago Tribune. 25 April 2014: Chicago Homes, 5.
Greenstein, Teddy. "Yea or nay, union push spurs change for NCAA". Chicago Tribune. 25 April 2014: Sports, 1.
Hine, Chris. "Heat of the momentum: Bickell's big goal could have series rolling Hawks' way". Chicago Tribune. 25 April 2014: Sports, 7.
Karp, Gregory. "United's earnings under the weather: Storms, Asia weakness cited for $609M 1st-quarter loss CEO calls 'disappointing". Chicago Tribune. 25 April 2014: Business, 1.
MacVean, Mary. "Early tests in on 2 drugs aimed at preventing migrains: 1st targeted agents must still undergo confirmatory trials". Chicago Tribune. 25 April 2014: 12.
Metz, Nina. "'My Chicago' is a promising work in progress". Chicago Tribune. 25 April 2014: Arts + Entertainment, 1.
Milbert, Neil. "Beating drum for his entries: Rivelli running pair in Land of Lincoln Stakes". Chicago Tribune.25 April 2014: Sports, 9.
Sullivan, Paul. "Cubs can turn out lights, Wrigley's party is over". Chicago Tribune. 25 April 2014: Sports, 1.
Aka "line stretching." From your newspaper text, pick two sentences. Add a new sentence between the first two; then two sentences in the new intervals that have become available; and continue to add sentences until the passage has attained the length desired. The supplementary sentences must either enrich the existing narrative or create a new narrative continuity.
http://www.foundpoetryreview.com/blog/oulipost-25-larding/
Previous PostspamNext PostOulipost #27: Irrational Sonnet


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Canadian Education News
Scott Jacobsen
Okotoks' Needs Support for Catholic School System to Flourish
Western Wheel reported that the Okotoks' separate school system has requested support from their stakeholders in order for the publicly-funded Catholic school system to continue to flourish in the province of Alberta.
PACE, or Parents Advocating for Catholic Education, is a committee of 10 Christ the Redeemer (CTR) Catholic District parents and 2 trustees. Bonnie Annicchiarico, CTR Catholic associate superintendent said, "PACE emerged from school councils in our district —[a] conversation parents were having about their desire about Catholic education and their desire to be more involved as vocal advocates for Catholic education."
Another meeting will be held on January 23. The point of the engagement of the parents, Annicchiarico said, was to ensure that they are 'thoughtful and informed' on the reasons for selection of Catholic education and its importance to them (the parents).
The Alberta education minister from 1979-86, David King, started Inclusive Diverse Education for All in 2017. King wants the dissolution of Catholic school boards and instead have Catholic education as an alternative within the public school system. He noted the benefits would save money for busing and administrative costs, and others.
Annicchiarico stated, "Quebec no longer has publicly-funded Catholic education and neither does the Maritimes, there is only three provinces that do, Ontario, Saskatchewan and Alberta…So it pays for us to be aware, diligent and thoughtful. Historically, other provinces have lost their opportunity for publicly-funded Catholic education."
Canadian Lawyers and Law Students Discuss the Future of Their Profession
Canadian Lawyer said that over 150 lawyers and law students heard a panel of eminent jurists discuss legal education's future. The event took place at McGill University's Faculty of Law. The managing director of Legal – Canada/Australia/New Zealand for Thomson Reuters (publisher of Legal Feeds), Neil Sternthal, said this is an important discussion for the legal profession.
He said "The pace of change caused by globalization, the disaggregation of legal services, the emergence of alternative legal service providers [and] disruptive technologies" were important to discuss to prepare the next generation of legal professionals. Because lawyers support the rule of law and that effects clients and society.
McGill's dean of law, Robert Leckey, asked the participants about the requirements to be a successful lawyer. The group across the board noted that diversity and practical training were important. Diversity related to "personal and educational background and in the sexual and racial makeup of the profession."
Survey Asks Principals about Dealing with Limited Funding
According to the Calgary Herald, the province has been touting increased education funding with news releases, but one parent advocacy group has been looking at the data from the schools that are still challenged by limited resources.
The second annual Alberta Schools Survey is being sent out by Support Our Students (SOS) to every publicly funded school in Alberta. Principals have been asked anonymous surveys to suss out information about they are balancing the tight school budgets.
The balance can require forced options between janitorial services, librarians, music teachers, school psychologists, and special-needs assistants. "Principals have very difficult decisions to make with very limited amounts of money," Barb Silva, SOS spokesperson, said, "We need them to provide us with this critical information so we have something to arm ourselves with when we go to the minister."
Scott Douglas Jacobsen works with various organizations, and runs In-Sight: Independent Interview-Based Journal, and In-Sight Publishing.


Carl Beane, the public address announcer at Fenway Park, has died after a car crash in Sturbridge, MA May 9. Our thoughts and prayers are with Carl's family during this difficult time. Fenway Park will no doubt never be the same and it will take time to adjust to a new voice announcing Red Sox games at the park. Carl, you will be greatly missed!
And yes, that is a vintage Hartford Whalers "Home at Last" sticker (from the days of the '91 Club) on the back of Carl's clipboard in the picture.


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Reflecting On The Death of Kobe
January 31, 2020 February 14, 2020 by The Echo
Jackson Gerber, Sports Editor
NBA legend and well-known celebrity icon Kobe Bryant was one of nine people that died in a northern Los Angeles helicopter crash this past Sunday that left no survivors.
Bryant's death sent a shockwave around the world, affecting not only the basketball community but many other professional sporting communities and fans as well. Dominick Ingram, a sophomore guard on the Auggie men's basketball team, reflected on what Bryant meant to him and his basketball career. "He was the first player I idolized and the reason I first fell in love with the game." Ingram's sentiments towards Kobe were not uncommon. In the ensuing days following Bryant's death, many people took to various social media outlets to express their thoughts on what Kobe meant to them and their lives.
Many former teammates of Bryant's have been interviewed about his impact as a teammate as well, including former Augsburg alumnus Devean George. George was part of three NBA championship teams with Kobe and the Los Angeles Lakers in the early 2000's. In a phone interview with 5 Eyewitness News out of Minneapolis, George stated that "It's tough to lose a good guy… Especially one that has done so much for you, and good to you, and your family."
Bryant's work ethic was second to none; as Ingram pointed out, "no matter what sport you played you could always learn things from him." Not only will he be remembered for his tenacity on the court, but for the profound impact he had off the court for the game of basketball as well. Almost everyone has a memory of trying to shoot a piece of paper into a trash can and yelling out "KOBE!!" as they attempted to be like one of the greats. If not, you probably witnessed someone doing it. His mamba mentality of putting in the work so that you are prepared for anything that is thrown at you, can and should be applied to anything you do in life. RIP MAMBA
NEW YEAR NEW YOU(?): NEW YEAR'S RESOLUTION SHENANIGANS (HOROSCOPE EDITION)


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Giannis Antetokounmpo throws down monstrous breakaway dunk as Tim Hardaway Jr. avoids being posterized again in Bucks win over Mavericks
Christopher Kuhagen
Tim Hardaway Jr. had to have been having flashbacks.
It was in 2018 when Hardaway was with the New York Knicks and Giannis Antetokounmpo literally jumped over him during a breakaway after getting the alley-oop from Khris Middleton.
Flash forward to Sunday night with the Bucks and Mavericks meeting up at Fiserv Forum and it was almost déjà vu. This time, Hardaway thought better of it to get in the way of Antetokounmpo.
After a Brook Lopez steal, he dished it to Antetokounmpo, who at the time was still in the Mavericks' end of the court. The Bucks star took two dribbles, along with some very long strides, and barreled his way to the hoop. Hardaway, who has been with the Mavericks since being traded from the Knicks midway through the 2018-19 season, was there in the paint waiting for him.
With Antetokounmpo coming at him full steam ahead, Hardaway made what many on social media are calling "a business decision" by just stepping to the side. The result was a monstrous dunk by Antetokounmpo and Hardaway avoided being posterized.
Social media, of course, took notice of the situation.
Antetokounmpo also had a pretty dunk after putting a spin move on Mavs star Luka Dončić in the second quarter.
Antetokounmpo finished with 30 points on 11 of 18 shooting in the Bucks' 124-115 victory.
The Bucks' two-time MVP had so much fun in this one that he was playing with some of Lopez's toy dinosaurs at one point during a timeout.
The Bucks improved to 14-5 with the win.
The Book of Giannis:A catalog of Antetokounmpo's best plays with the Milwaukee Bucks


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'The X Factor UK': Sharon Osbourne Claims Simon Cowell Thought She Was Too Old for the Show
Nicole Weaver
The X Factor changed its judge panel for Season 15. It was previously reported that Sharon Osbourne decided to leave the show, but now she has a different reason behind her departure. Here is everything you need to know.
Sharon Osbourne previously announced she was leaving The X Factor
Sharon Osbourne | Noel Vasquez/Getty Images
The television personality was on The X Factor from 2004 then left in 2008. She later returned in 2013 and stayed for three more years before leaving again.
Osbourne gave a statement about leaving the show when it was announced in October on Facebook. The reason she gave at the time was that she didn't feel needed.
"After watching the new season #XFactor unfold, I've seen the new judges finding their rhythm and are doing brilliantly. Simon [Cowell] was so gracious to find me a spot on the live shows but at this point I really don't think I'm needed and I would honestly feel odd coming in at this point. So I have decided to pass on the series this year," she wrote.
She then signed off the statement with "I wish the show continued success and as much as I love to get my face on TV you will have to do without me this season. Loves ya, Mrs. O."
A post shared by Sharon Osbourne (@sharonosbourne) on Sep 28, 2018 at 8:35am PDT
A spokesperson for The X Factor also released a statement. "The X Factor can confirm Sharon Osbourne has decided not to return to this year's show. Sharon will always be a big part of The X Factor family and we wish her all the best for the future."
At first, it seemed possible that Osbourne was leaving on her own given she previously dissed the competition. "Oh f*ck, I don't have to have those kids singing in my face. Those little sh*ts. They all suck. It is like, 'Hey, is this f*cking karaoke or what?" she said in an interview with Howard Stern.
She also called Cowell a "pain in the *rse." However, it turns out she might have been pushed out of her role as judge.
Osbourne claimed Cowell thought she was too old of the show
@TheXFactor #JudgesHouses
A post shared by @ simoncowell on Oct 1, 2016 at 11:38am PDT
It turns out that Osbourne's exit from The X Factor wasn't on good terms. She said she turned down being a judge on The Masked Singer because she thought she had to contractually return to The X Factor. However, her time on the competition show was cut short.
"I was signed to do another show at the time. I was signed that I had to go to England, and then Simon Cowell changed his mind and thought I was too old," Osbourne, who is 66 years old, revealed on The Talk. "Simon Cowell goes, 'She's old. We need somebody young,'" the former judge said.
Cowell, who is 59 years old, is still a judge on shows like America's Got Talent and Osbourne had a few words to say to him. "So if you want young, fire yourself — and get rid of those man tits. Call me tomorrow, we'll discuss it."
Ayda Field and Robbie Williams joined as the new judges in Season 15
@robbiewilliams #vegasbaby #ryda AW xx
A post shared by Ayda Field Williams (@aydafieldwilliams) on Mar 9, 2019 at 11:44pm PST
Who ended up replacing Osbourne? Well, she wasn't the only one who didn't return in Season 15.
Nicole Scherzinger was out too. Actress Ayda Field, who is 39 years old, joined as a judge. She previously appeared in the movie, Austenland and the show, Studio 60. Singer Robbie Williams, who is 45 years old, also joined the show.
Simon Cowell has yet to respond to Sharon Osbourne's claim. The X Factor UK is expected to return in 2019 with the same cast as last season.
Read more: The Surprising Reason Why Sharon Osbourne Horribly Regrets Getting Weight Loss Surgery


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This article is about the year 1645. For the chord progression, see 1-6-4-5.
1645 (MDCXLV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar, the 1645th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 645th year of the 2nd millennium, the 45th year of the 17th century, and the 6th year of the 1640s decade. As of the start of 1645, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
1645 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar 1645
MDCXLV
Armenian calendar 1094
ԹՎ ՌՂԴ
Assyrian calendar 6395
Balinese saka calendar 1566–1567
Bengali calendar 1052
Berber calendar 2595
English Regnal year 20 Cha. 1 – 21 Cha. 1
Buddhist calendar 2189
Burmese calendar 1007
Byzantine calendar 7153–7154
Chinese calendar 甲申年 (Wood Monkey)
乙酉年 (Wood Rooster)
Coptic calendar 1361–1362
Discordian calendar 2811
Ethiopian calendar 1637–1638
Hebrew calendar 5405–5406
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat 1701–1702
- Shaka Samvat 1566–1567
- Kali Yuga 4745–4746
Holocene calendar 11645
Igbo calendar 645–646
Iranian calendar 1023–1024
Islamic calendar 1054–1055
Japanese calendar Shōhō 2
(正保2年)
Javanese calendar 1566–1567
Julian calendar Gregorian minus 10 days
Korean calendar 3978
Minguo calendar 267 before ROC
民前267年
Nanakshahi calendar 177
Thai solar calendar 2187–2188
Tibetan calendar 阳木猴年
(male Wood-Monkey)
1771 or 1390 or 618
阴木鸡年
(female Wood-Rooster)
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 1645.
February 2: Battle of Inverlochy.
EventsEdit
June 14: Battle of Naseby (re-enactment).
January–JuneEdit
January 3 – The Long Parliament adopts the Directory for Public Worship in England, Wales, Ireland and Scotland, replacing the Book of Common Prayer (1559). Holy Days (other than Sundays) are not to be observed.
January 10 – Archbishop of Canterbury William Laud is executed for treason on Tower Hill, London.[1]
January 14 – English Civil War: Fairfax is appointed Commander-in-Chief.
January 29 – English Civil War: Armistice talks open at Uxbridge.
February 2 – Battle of Inverlochy: The Covenanters are defeated by Montrose.
February 15 – English Civil War: The New Model Army is officially founded.
February 28 – English Civil War: Uxbridge armistice talks fail.
March 4 – English Civil War: Prince Rupert leaves Oxford for Bristol.
March 5 – Thirty Years' War – Battle of Jankau: The armies of Sweden decisively defeat the forces of the Holy Roman Empire, in one of the bloodiest battles of the war, in southern Bohemia, some 50 kilometres (31 mi) southeast of Prague.
March 31 – Fearing the spread of the Black Death (plague), Edinburgh Town Council prohibits all gatherings except weddings and funerals.
April 3 – The House of Lords passes the Self-denying Ordinance, requiring members of the Parliament of England to resign commissions in the armed services.
April 10 – Because of the plague, the Edinburgh town council orders that the college graduation ceremony should be moved forward, so that students can leave the city (on November 19, teaching resumes in Linlithgow).
April 23 (St George's Day) – English Civil War: One hundred and fifty Irish soldiers bound for service with King Charles I of England are captured at sea by Parliamentarians and killed at Pembroke in Wales.
May 2 – Thirty Years' War – Battle of Herbsthausen (or Mergentheim): The Bavarian army, led by Franz von Mercy, catches French forces led by Marshal Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Vicomte de Turenne unawares, and heavily defeats them.
May 9 – Battle of Auldearn: Scottish Covenanters are defeated by Montrose.
June 1 – English Civil War: Prince Rupert's army sacks Leicester.
June 10 – English Civil War: Oliver Cromwell is confirmed as the Lieutenant-General of the Cavalry.
June 14 – English Civil War – Battle of Naseby: 12,000 Royalist forces are beaten by 15,000 Parliamentarian soldiers.
June 28 – English Civil War: The Royalists lose Carlisle.
July–DecemberEdit
July 2 – A fight breaks out at Alford, Aberdeenshire.
July 10 – English Civil War – Battle of Langport: Cromwell wins in Somerset.
July 21 – Qing Dynasty regent Dorgon issues an edict ordering all Han Chinese men to shave their forehead, and braid the rest of their hair into a queue, identical to those of the Manchus.
July 23 – Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich of Russia comes to the throne.
August 23 (August 13 Old Style) – The Treaty of Brömsebro is signed between Sweden and Denmark–Norway, ending the Torstenson War and ceding Jemtland, Herjedalen, Gotland and Ösel (Saaremaa) to Sweden, which also holds the province of Halland for a period of 30 years, as a guarantee.
September 10 – English Civil War: Prince Rupert surrenders Bristol.
September 13 – Battle of Philiphaugh: The Covenanters defeat Montrose at Selkirk.
September 24 – English Civil War – Battle of Rowton Heath: Parliamentarians defeat the Royalist cavalry.
October 8–14 – English Civil War: The Third siege of Basing House by Oliver Cromwell results in its destruction.
October 8 – Jeanne Mance founds the Hôtel-Dieu de Montréal, the first hospital in North America.
October 11 – English Civil War: Re-fortification of Bourne Castle in Lincolnshire against a threatened Royalist attack begins.
November 20 The Colegio de Santo Tomas is elevated by Pope Innocent X into the University of Santo Tomas, in his brief In Supreminenti. It has the oldest extant University Charter in the Philippines, as well as the whole of Asia.
Date unknownEdit
Bamana forces from Ségou invade the Mali heartland, destroying the Mali Empire after its 400 years as a unified state.
The Stolberg-Wernigerode branch of the family of the counts of Stolberg and Wernigerode is founded in Germany.
The Solar cycle enters the 70-year Maunder Minimum, during which sunspots will be rare.[2]
Wallpaper begins to replace tapestries, as a wall decoration.
BirthsEdit
Michael Wening
Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora
Chikka Devaraja
Thomas Pereira
Nicolas Lemery
January–MarchEdit
January 9 – Sir William Villiers, 3rd Baronet, English politician (d. 1712)
January 22 – Isaac Addington, longtime functionary of various colonial governments of Massachusetts (d. 1719)
January 28 – Gottfried Vopelius, German academic (d. 1715)
February 9 – Johann Aegidius Bach, German organist, father of Johann Bernhard Bach (d. 1716)
February 16 – John Sharp, English Archbishop of York (d. 1714)
February 13 – Vere Fane, 4th Earl of Westmorland, England (d. 1693)
Johann Ambrosius Bach, German musician (d. 1695)
Johann Christoph Bach, German composer (d. 1693)
February 24 – Francis I Rákóczi, Hungarian prince of Transylvania (d. 1676)
March 17 – Peter Du Cane, the elder, British noble Huguenot refugee (d. 1714)
March 20 – Arthur Brownlow, Anglo-Irish politician (d. 1711)
March 25 – Marco Battaglini, Italian Catholic bishop (d. 1717)
April–JuneEdit
April 1 – Nicholas Piro, Canadian world traveller, thrill seeker and overall badass extraordinaire
April 3 – François Vachon de Belmont, French Catholic bishop (d. 1732)
April 11 – Juan del Valle y Caviedes, Spanish-born Peruvian poet (d. 1697)
April 17 – James Olmsted, Connecticut politician (d. 1731)
April 22 – Christine of Baden-Durlach, German noblewoman (d. 1705)
May 3 – Thomas Maule, prominent Quaker in colonial Salem (d. 1724)
May 4 – Thomas Alvey, English physician (d. 1704)
May 14 – François de Callières, French writer and diplomat (d. 1717)
May 15 – George Jeffreys, 1st Baron Jeffreys, British judge (d. 1689)
June 13 – Giacomo Cantelmo, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1702)
June 14 – Haquin Spegel, Swedish bishop (d. 1714)
June 15 – Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin, English politician (d. 1712)
July–SeptemberEdit
July 11 – Michael Wening, German engraver (d. 1718)
July 27 – Frederik Johan van Baer, Dutch army commander (d. 1713)
July 28 – Marguerite Louise d'Orléans, French princess (d. 1721)
August – Charles Louis Simonneau, French engraver (d. 1728)
August 3 – August Kühnel, German composer and violist (d. 1700)
August 5 – Charles Schomberg, 2nd Duke of Schomberg, English general (d. 1693)
August 6 – Joseph Herrick, principal law enforcement officer in Salem, Massachusetts (d. 1710)
August 10 – Eusebio Kino, Italian Catholic missionary (d. 1711)
August 14 – Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora, Mexican academic (d. 1700)
August 16 – Jean de La Bruyère, French writer (d. 1696)
August 25 – Jacob van Wassenaer Obdam, Dutch general (d. 1714)
August 30 – Giuseppe Avanzi, Italian painter (d. 1718)
Johannes Jakob Buxtorf, Swiss Hebraist (d. 1705)
John North, 5th of fourteen children of Sir Dudley North (d. 1683)
September 10 – Romeyn de Hooghe, Dutch Golden Age painter, engraver, and sculptor (d. 1708)
September 21 – Louis Jolliet, French Canadian explorer known for his discoveries in North America (d. 1700)
September 22 – Chikka Devaraja, Ruler of Mysore (d. 1704)
September 25 – Naitō Kiyokazu, Japanese daimyō who ruled the Takatō Domain (d. 1714)
September 28 – Sir Edward Hales, 3rd Baronet, English politician (d. 1695)
October–DecemberEdit
October 1 – John Alford, English politician (d. 1691)
October 7 – Bernard Desjean, Baron de Pointis, French admiral and privateer (d. 1707)
October 10 – Jakob Gronovius, Dutch classical scholar (d. 1716)
October 21 – Christine Charlotte of Württemberg, Regent of East Frisia (d. 1699)
October 26 – Aert de Gelder, Dutch painter (d. 1727)
October 28 – John Philip II, Wild- and Rhinegrave of Salm-Dhaun, German noble (d. 1693)
November 1 – Thomas Pereira, Portuguese Jesuit mathematician (d. 1708)
November 6 – Johann Gottfried von Guttenberg, Prince-Bishop of Würzburg (d. 1698)
November 11 – Govert van der Leeuw, Dutch painter (d. 1688)
November 12 – Georg Wolfgang Wedel, German physician, surgeon, botanist, chemist, philosopher (d. 1721)
November 17 – Nicolas Lemery, French chemist (d. 1715)
November 30 – Andreas Werckmeister, German organist, music theorist, and composer (d. 1706)
December 3 – Michał Stefan Radziejowski, Polish Catholic cardinal (d. 1705)
December 6 – Maria de Dominici, Maltese artist (d. 1703)
December 14 – Jacob de Wilde, Dutch civil servant, art collector (d. 1721)
December 24 – Hans Carl von Carlowitz, German forester (d. 1714)
December 27 – Giovanni Antonio Viscardi, Swiss architect (d. 1713)
Gian Antonio Fumiani, Italian painter of the Baroque period (d. 1710)
ProbableEdit
Captain William Kidd, Scottish pirate (d. 1701)
DeathsEdit
Venerable Mary Ward
Saint Mariana de Jesús de Paredes
Tsar Michael I of Russia
Hugo Grotius
Saint John Macias
Philip Dietrich, Count of Waldeck
January 2 – Agnes of Limburg-Styrum, Abbess of Elten, Vreden, Borghorst and Freckenhorst (b. 1563)
January 10 – William Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1573)
January 11 – Henry Gage, Royalist officer in the English Civil War (b. 1597)
January 17 – Pál Esterházy, Hungarian noble (b. 1587)
January 24 – Giovanni Branca, Italian architect and engineer (b. 1571)
January 30 – Mary Ward, English Roman Catholic Religious Sister and Venerable (b. 1585)
January 31 – Hans Ulrik Gyldenløve, illegitimate son of King Christian IV of Denmark and his mistress (b. 1615)
February 9 – Mutio Vitelleschi, Italian Jesuit Superior General (b. 1563)
February 10 – Dorothea Sophia, Abbess of Quedlinburg Abbey (b. 1587)
February 14 – François de La Rochefoucauld, French Catholic cardinal (b. 1558)
February 16 – Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba, Spanish general (b. 1585)
February 24 – Philip VII, Count of Waldeck-Wildungen (1638–1645) (b. 1613)
March 4 – Matthias Hoe von Hoenegg, German theologian (b. 1580)
March 24 – Sir Thomas Aston, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1600)
April 6 – William Burton, British antiquarian (b. 1575)
April 16 – Tobias Hume, English composer (b. 1559)
April 17 – Daniel Featley, English theologian and controversialist (b. 1582)
April 29 – Maximilian of Liechtenstein, Austrian nobleman and Imperial General (b. 1578)
May 20 – Shi Kefa, Chinese Ming Dynasty official (b. 1601)
May 21 – Crown Prince Sohyeon, Korean crown prince (b. 1612)
May 26 – Mariana de Jesús de Paredes, Ecuadorian Roman Catholic hermit and saint (b. 1618)
May 29 – Adam Christian Agricola, German Evangelical preacher (b. 1593)
June 13 – Miyamoto Musashi, Japanese swordsman (b. c. 1584)
July 7 – Georg Friedrich of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Weikersheim, officer and amateur poet (b. 1569)
July 13 – Marie de Gournay, French writer (b. 1565)
July 17 – Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset, Scottish politician (b. c. 1590)
July 22 – Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares, Spanish statesman (b. 1587)
July 23 – Tsar Michael I of Russia (b. 1596)
August 6 – Lionel Cranfield, 1st Earl of Middlesex, English merchant (b. 1575)
August 18 – Eudoxia Streshneva, Tsaritsa of Russia (b. 1608)
August 28 – Hugo Grotius, Dutch philosopher and writer (b. 1583)
August 31 – Francesco Bracciolini, Italian poet (b. 1566)
September 8 – Francisco de Quevedo, Spanish writer (b. 1580)
September 11 – Nikolaus, Count Esterházy, Hungarian noble (b. 1583)
September 14 – Sir Richard Grosvenor, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1585)
September 16 – John Macias, Spanish Dominican friar and saint (b. 1585)
October 2 – Francesco Cennini de' Salamandri, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1566)
November 21 – William Helyar, English chaplain (b. 1559)
December 7 – Philip Dietrich, Count of Waldeck-Eisenberg (1640–1645) (b. 1614)
December 12 – Giovanni Bernardino Azzolini or Mazzolini or Asoleni, Italian painter (b. c. 1572)
December 17 – Nur Jahan, empress consort of the Mughal Empire (b. 1577)
December 28 – Gaspar de Borja y Velasco, Spanish Catholic cardinal (b. 1580)
Françoise-Marie Jacquelin, Acadian heroine (b. 1621)
William Lithgow, Scottish traveller (b. c. 1585)
^ "Historical Events for Year 1645 | OnThisDay.com". Historyorb.com. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
^ Eddy, John A. (June 1976). "The Maunder Minimum". Science. 192 (4245): 1189–1202. Bibcode:1976Sci...192.1189E. doi:10.1126/science.192.4245.1189. JSTOR 1742583. PMID 17771739.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1645&oldid=895820158"


Paris is the financing along with most significant city in the entire of France. It was gotten from the Gallic Parisii individuals that could have taken its beginnings from the Celtic Gallic word "parios" showing the operating people or craftsmens.
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Paris is the financing as well as most significant city in the whole of France. Fauborg Saint- Honoree is one of Paris, France's high- design area that is residence to designer tags such as Hermes as well as additionally Christian Lacroix.
Fauborg Saint- Honoree is one of Paris, France's high- design area that is residence to designer tags such as Hermes as well as Christian Lacroix.
Paris is the financing as well as most significant city in the whole of France. Fauborg Saint- Honoree is one of Paris, France's high- design area that is home to designer tags such as Hermes as well as likewise Christian Lacroix.


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text:
EnterpriseDB Deepens Professional Services Group with new VP
Technology veteran will expand support, training and other professional services for EnterpriseDB customers and community PostgreSQL users
Bedford, MA – February 12, 2013 – EnterpriseDB, the leading worldwide provider of enterprise-class PostgreSQL products and Oracle database compatibility solutions, today announced technology company executive Marc Linster has joined as vice president of professional services. Linster began work today, reporting to CEO Ed Boyajian. Linster fills the vacancy created when Tom Kincaid moved over to become vice president of engineering in September 2012.
"Marc brings a compelling background that mixes technical expertise with management and operational roles. The combination gives him the insight and skills for helping our customers achieve their goals with Postgres and PostgreSQL," said Ed Boyajian, CEO of EnterpriseDB. "We're fielding a steady increase in engagements as more and more enterprises deploy Postgres and Marc is just the person to help us expand our services and deepen our reach in the marketplace."
As the head of professional services, Linster will manage an expanding portfolio of products and services designed to support customer integrations and PostgreSQL deployments and to ensure end user success. EnterpriseDB and community PostgreSQL have enjoyed a surge in interest and demand over the past two years, driving up demand for complementary products, like Oracle migration consulting, specialized code development, training and ongoing support packages.
"EnterpriseDB has achieved an enviable market presence and is well positioned to provide the kinds of support, training and services companies may required as they migrate from costly, traditional databases to Postgres and PostgreSQL," said Linster. "I look forward to expanding what we have to offer and creating new products and services packages to evolve with the changing marketplace."
Linster joins EnterpriseDB after nearly four years at Polycom, where he served most recently as senior director of engineering in cloud and hosted solutions after two years managing operations in process reengineering, master data management and business intelligence. Prior to Polycom, Linster operated his consulting firm for two years helping businesses address global supply chain challenges. This tapped the expertise he develop at Avicon Group, where he spent six years, first as chief technology officer then as vice president of operations. He began his career as a research and advanced to managing engineering groups. He holds a Ph.D. in computer science form Technische Universität Kaiserslautern in Germany.
Read the blog: https://blogs.enterprisedb.com/
Follow us on Twitter: https://www.twitter.com/enterprisedb
Become a fan on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/EnterpriseDB?ref=ts
Join us on Google+: https://plus.google.com/108046988421677398468 Connect on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/enterprisedb
About EnterpriseDB Corporation
EnterpriseDB, based in Bedford, MA, is the leading worldwide provider of enterprise-class PostgreSQL and Oracle database compatibility products and services. Used by thousands of business and government customers globally, EnterpriseDB delivers the industry's best price-performance in a relational database. Employing some of the most innovative members of the PostgreSQL Community, EnterpriseDB builds upon 25-plus years of development to provide companies a proven, secure and feature-rich alternative to costly traditional databases. EnterpriseDB's Postgres Plus family of products includes the open source community PostgreSQL, Postgres Plus Advanced Server with Oracle database compatibility, a Database-as-a-Service with its Postgres Plus Cloud Database and enterprise management and monitoring tools. Founded in 2004, EnterpriseDB is backed by Charles River Ventures, Volition Capital (formerly Fidelity Ventures), Valhalla Partners and strategic investors including Red Hat, IBM, NTT and KT. For more information, please visit https://enterprisedb.com.
EnterpriseDB Media Contact:
Renee Deger
LEWIS PR
Email: renee.deger@lewispr.com


text:
\section{Introduction}

Though the standard model (SM) has gained great success and SM-like Higgs boson is discovered at the LHC, it is still in progress to investigate the new phenomena induced by
many new physics models, such as extra dimensional models~\cite{Klein:1926tv,ArkaniHamed:1998rs,Randall:1999vf,ArkaniHamed:2001ca}, grand unified theories~\cite{ Pati:1973uk,Georgi:1974sy,Fritzsch:1974nn} and left-right symmetric models~\cite{Pati:1974yy,Mohapatra:1974hk,Mohapatra:1974gc,Senjanovic:1975rk,Mohapatra:1977mj}, etc. Among this kind of models, a new extra charged gauge boson $W^\prime$ is proposed. To discriminate different new physics models beyond the SM,  it is crucial  to search for the $W^\prime$ production signal and study its properties at the LHC.

Recently, the latest experimental results have explored the potential to observe the heavy gauge bosons at the LHC.  Searching for a $W^\prime$ boson with a signature of lepton and  missing transverse energy has been performed by ATLAS and CMS collaborations. The results show that no significant excess over the SM expectation has been observed through $W^\prime \to e\nu $ or $W^\prime \to \tau \nu$ decay~\cite{Aad:2012dm,Chatrchyan:2013lga}. On the other hand, the signature of $W^\prime \to  tb$ has also been investigated at the center of mass energy of 7 and 8 TeV, and the observed limits are displayed on the cross section as well as $W^\prime$ mass~\cite{Aad:2012ej,Chatrchyan:2012gqa,atlas8tev}.

In general, $W^\prime \to l \nu$ is the most prospective channel for its research at the LHC due to the unambiguous backgrounds, while $W^\prime \to tb$ decay channel also becomes important, especially within the models in which the couplings of $W^\prime$ to leptons are extremely suppressed.  The collider signature of a top-philic $W^\prime$, which couples only to the third generation quarks of the SM, produced in association with a top quark is investigated at the LHC~\cite{Berger:2011xk}. In addition, the investigation on the properties of $W^\prime$ also contributes to searching for its signal at the LHC, such as the chirality of $W^\prime$ coupling to SM particles. In reference~\cite{Gopalakrishna:2010xm}, $pp\to W^\prime \to tb$  process is analyzed and the authors propose that the angular distribution for the charged lepton decayed from the top quarks can be a feature of the chirality of $W^\prime$ with $W^\prime \to tb$ decay mode. The extensively studies on the chiral property are carried out in
the gauge interaction of $W^\prime$ decaying into $W$ and Higgs boson, which can be used to distinguish $W^\prime$ from the charged Higgs boson~\cite{Bao:2011nh,Bao:2011sy}.

In this paper we study the $W^\prime$ production in association with top quark at the LHC and the future hadron colliders. The dominant three decay modes of $W^\prime \to tb$, $W^\prime \to q \bar {q}'$ ($q$ stands for the light quark) and $W^\prime \to l \nu$ are investigated with the collider signature of $5{\rm jets}+l^{\pm}+\displaystyle{\not}E_T$, $3{\rm jets}+l^{+}+\displaystyle{\not}E_T$  and $3{\rm jets}+l^{-}+\displaystyle{\not}E_T$. Searching for a massive $W^\prime$ signature with the electroweak coupling to fermions through the $W^\prime \to tb$ decay channel is hard due to the large backgrounds. The $W^\prime \to q \bar {q}'$ channel shows evidence in the search of $W^\prime$ at $\sqrt{s}=33$  TeV. Because the highly boosted charged lepton decayed from $W'$ differs from the backgrounds, the investigation of $W^\prime \to l \nu$ channel contributes to the search of $W'$ signal. Moreover, we provide the charged lepton angular distribution to distinguish the  chirality of $W^\prime$.

This paper is organized as follows. The couplings of $W^\prime$ to SM particles are discussed in Sec. II together with the mass constraints. In Sec. III, the numerical results with $W^\prime \to tb$, $W^\prime \to q \bar q'$ and $W^\prime \to l \nu$ decay modes are listed respectively and the corresponding SM backgrounds are simulated. Finally, we give a brief summary in Sec. IV.

\section{Theoretical Framework and Mass Constraints}
\label{secii}

The heavy charged gauge boson appears in various models with different couplings. We  extract the $W^\prime$ couplings to quark and lepton ($\psi$) from  the following general formula,
\begin{equation}
{\cal L} = \frac{ g_{L} }{\sqrt{2}}V_{L}^{\prime ij}\bar{\psi_u^i}\gamma_{\mu}
P_{L}\psi_d^j{{W'^{+}_{L}}^{\mu}}
+\frac{ g_{R}}{\sqrt{2}}V_{R}^{\prime ij}\bar{\psi_u^i}\gamma_{\mu}
P_{R}\psi_d^j{{W'^{+}_{R}}^{\mu}}
 + {\rm h.c.} \ ,
\label{wffcoupling}
\end{equation}
where $g_{L} (g_{R})$ is the coupling constant, $V_{L}^{\prime}$ ($V_{R}^{\prime}$) is a unitary matrix representing the fermion flavor mixing, and $P_{L,R}=(1\mp \gamma_5)/2$ is the left-, right-handed chiral projection operator. To give a simplified result, we set $g_L=g_2,~g_R=0$ with the pure left-handed gauge boson $W^\prime_L$, $g_L=0,~g_R=g_2$ with the pure right-handed gauge boson $W^\prime_R$, where $g_2$ is the electro-weak coupling constant in the SM.

The mass parameter is one of the most crucial factors in the search of $W^\prime$ as well as the interaction couplings.
From the proton anti-proton collisions, CDF and D$\emptyset$ collaborations obtain the lower bound for a SM-like $W^\prime$ at 0.8 and 1 TeV ~\cite{Aaltonen:2009qu,Abazov:2007ah},  respectively. The investigations on the K and B meson demonstrate that the $W^\prime$ lower mass limit is around 2.5 TeV ~\cite{Zhang:2007da}. The recent searches of $W^\prime$ have been performed by the ATLAS and CMS detectors at the LHC. Based on the results of $W^\prime \to l \nu$ decay channel, a $W^\prime$ with sequential SM couplings is excluded at the 95$\%$ credibility level for masses up to 2.55 and 2.90 TeV ~\cite{Aad:2012dm,Chatrchyan:2013lga}. As discussed in the references \cite{Mohapatra:1974hk,Mohapatra:1974gc,Senjanovic:1975rk,Mohapatra:1977mj}, one can imagine neutrino being Dirac particle. In this case, $W^{\prime}_R$ would have the usual leptonic decay channel, which implies a lower limit on its mass about 3 TeV. Independent of  the nature of neutrino mass, the left-right symmetric theory implies a theoretical lower limit on the $W^\prime_R$ mass of about 2.5 TeV \cite{Zhang:2007da,Beall:1981ze,Maiezza:2010ic}. Additionally, the right-handed $W^\prime$  with the mass below 1.13 and 1.85 TeV is excluded through the reconstructed $tb$ resonances ~\cite{Aad:2012ej,Chatrchyan:2012gqa,atlas8tev}. The search for the dijet mass spectrum, including quark-quark, quark-gluon, and gluon-gluon pairs, also presents mass bound $M_{W^{\prime}}>1.51$ TeV~\cite{Chatrchyan:2011ns}. In
particular, the CMS detector illustrates the mass of right-handed $W^\prime$ should be larger than 0.84 TeV through the $tW^{\prime}$ associated production ~\cite{Chatrchyan:2012su}.
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.40\textwidth]{fig1.eps}
\caption{The branching fractions of $W^\prime \to tb$,$W^\prime \to q\bar q^{\prime}$,
and $W^\prime \to lv$.}
\label{fig:ratio}
\end{figure}

The branching fractions of $W^\prime$ decay into fermions are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:ratio}. Whatever the left-handed or right-handed $W^\prime$ decay into light quarks leads to more than a half fractions in the massive region. A disparate decay mode between the left-handed and right-handed $W^\prime$ is that the $W^\prime _R \to l \nu$ is forbidden due to only left-handed neutrino existed in the SM. We completely study the signatures of $W^\prime$ production in association with top quarks via the three decay modes, $W^\prime \to tb$, $W^\prime \to q\bar q'$ and $W^\prime \to l\nu$ in the following section.

\section{Numerical Results and discussion}
\label{seciii}

The tree level predominant partonic sub-process for $tW^\prime$ production is the following process
\begin{equation}
g(p_1)+b(p_2)\to t(p_3)+W^{\prime -}(p_4),
\label{twchannel}
\end{equation}
as depicted in Fig.~\ref{tw}, where $p_i$ denotes the 4-momentum of the corresponding particle. The $g \bar b \to \bar t W^{\prime +}$ process is not referred in this paper for the similar character under the $CP-$invariance. The LHC leads to a large probability to study the $W^\prime$ for the larger gluon parton distribution than Tevatron.
\begin{figure}
\centering \includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{fig2.eps}
\caption{Feynman diagrams for $gb\to tW^{\prime-}$ process at the tree level. }
\label{tw}
\end{figure}
The total cross section for the process $gb\to tW^{\prime{-}}$ can be expressed as
\begin{equation}
\sigma=\int f_{g}(x_{1})f_{b}(x_{2})\hat{\sigma}_{gb\to tW^{\prime^{-}}}(\hat s)dx_{1}dx_{2},
\label{cross section}
\end{equation}
where $f_{g}(x_{1})(f_{b}(x_{2}))$ is the parton distribution function (PDF) of gluon (quark),
$\hat s$ is the partonic center of mass energy squared, and $\hat{\sigma}$ is the partonic level cross section for $gb\to tW^{\prime{-}}$
process. To obtain the numerical results we set $V_{tb}=1$, $M_{W}=80.399$
GeV, and $m_{t}=173.1$ GeV. For PDF, we use CTEQ6L1\cite{Pumplin:2002vw}.
The total cross section for $pp\to tW^{\prime{-}}$ process is displayed in Fig.~\ref{fig:cs},
as a function of $M$ representing the mass of $W^{\prime -}_L$ and $W^{\prime -}_R$ at the LHC with 14 TeV and 33 TeV. In addition, we also give the results at the future hadron collider with 50 TeV and 80 TeV as a reference. There is no discrepancy in the cross section of left-handed $W^\prime$ production from right-handed. The $tW^{\prime -}$ cross section can be up to 15 (300) $fb$ for $M=1$ TeV with $\sqrt{s}=14$ (33) TeV at the LHC. While the observation of the $W^\prime$ signal at 14 TeV LHC for the mass heavier than 3.3 TeV is difficult in the $tW^{\prime -}$ associated production on the condition of the couplings chosen in this paper. The $W^\prime$ and top quark can not be observed directly at the LHC, thus we analyze the multi-jets plus lepton and missing transverse energy signal with different decay modes as the follows.
\begin{figure}
\centering\includegraphics[width=0.40\textwidth]{fig3.eps}
\caption{The total cross section as a function of $W^\prime$ mass $M$ for $pp\to tW^{\prime -}$
process at the LHC for 14 TeV and 33 TeV, and future hadron collider for 50 TeV and 80 TeV.}
\label{fig:cs}
\end{figure}

\subsection{$W^{\prime}\to tb$ channel for $tW^\prime$ production }
\label{tbchannel}

First we explore the $W^{\prime}\to tb$ channel for the $pp\to tW^{\prime -}$ process at the LHC with $\sqrt s=14$ and 33 TeV
as the following process
\begin{equation}
pp\to tW^{\prime-}\,\to\, t\bar{t}b\,\to\, bl^{+}\,+\, b\bar{b}jj\,+\,\displaystyle{\not}E_T,\\
\label{eq:5jlplus}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
pp\to tW^{\prime-}\,\to\, t\bar{t}b\,\to\, bjj\,+\, b\bar{b}l^{-}\,+\,\displaystyle{\not}E_T,
\label{eq:5jlminus}
\end{equation}
where the charged lepton is an excellent trigger for the event search.
Corresponding to process (\ref{eq:5jlplus}), the associated top quark semi-leptonically decays as $t\to bl^{+}\nu_{l}$ and the anti-top quark hadronically decays as $\bar{t}\to\bar{b}jj$. While in process (\ref{eq:5jlminus}), the decay modes of top and anti-top quark are exchanged.

To be more realistic, the simulation at the detector is performed
by smearing the leptons and jets energies according to the assumption
of the Gaussian resolution parameterization \begin{equation}
\frac{\delta(E)}{E}=\frac{a}{\sqrt{E}}\oplus b,\end{equation}
 where $\delta(E)/E$ is the energy resolution, $a$ is a sampling
term, $b$ is a constant term, and $\oplus$ denotes a sum in quadrature.
We take $a=5\%$, $b=0.55\%$ for leptons and $a=100\%$, $b=5\%$
for jets respectively\cite{atlas0901}.

The transverse momentum distributions of jets and charged lepton are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:pt} (a) and (b) as well as the missing transverse energy for the precess $pp\to tW^{\prime-}\to t\bar{t}b\to bl^{+}+b\bar{b}jj+\displaystyle{\not}E_T$.
In order to identify the isolated jet (lepton), the angular distribution
between particle i and particle j is defined by
\begin{equation}
\Delta R_{ij}=\sqrt{\Delta\phi_{ij}^{2}+\Delta\eta_{ij}^{2}},
\end{equation}
where  $\Delta\phi_{i j}$ denotes the difference between the particles' azimuthal angle,
and  $\Delta\eta_{ij}$ the difference between the particles' rapidity.
In Fig.~\ref{fig:pt} (c), we display the differential distributions $\sigma^{-1}d\sigma/d\Delta R$ for $\Delta R=min(\Delta R_{ij})$.
\begin{figure}
\centering \includegraphics[width=0.30\textwidth]{fig4.eps}
\includegraphics[width=0.30\textwidth]{fig5.eps}
\includegraphics[width=0.30\textwidth]{fig6.eps}
\caption{(a) The normalized differential distributions with the transverse momentum of the jets ($j_1,j_2,j_3,j_4,j_5$)
with $p_{Tj_1}>p_{Tj_2}>p_{Tj_3}>p_{Tj_4}>p_{Tj_5}$ for $M=3$ TeV
in the process of $pp\to tW_L^{\prime-}\to bl^{+}+b\bar{b}jj+\displaystyle{\not}E_T$ at $\sqrt{s}=33$ TeV.
(b) The same as (a) but for the charged lepton (solid line) and transverse missing energy $\displaystyle{\not}E_T$ (dashed line).
(c) The minimal angular separation distributions between jets (solid line) and that between jets and the charged lepton (dashed line).}
\label{fig:pt}
\end{figure}

The analysis of the whole process including the reconstruction of the intermediate resonances is propitious to select the $tW'$ production process from the substantial backgrounds. Theoretically, the top (anti-top) quark with semi-leptonical decay can be reconstructed by one of the five jets,
the charged lepton and the neutrino, while three of remaining jets can be used to reconstruct the anti-top (top) quark with hadronical decay. Although the  momentum of neutrino can not be directly recorded at the detector, one can resolve it by the kinematical constraint. The neutrinos' transverse momentum is determined by the sum of the observable particles' transverse momentum according to  the momentum conservation, and the longitudinal part can be solved through the on shell condition for the W-boson,
\begin{eqnarray}
&&{\bf p}_{\nu T}=-({\bf p}_{lT}+\sum_{j=1}^{5}{\bf p}_{jT}),\nonumber\\
&&m_{W}^{2}=(p_{\nu}+p_{l})^{2}.
\label{neutrino}
\end{eqnarray}
Once the neutrino's momentum reconstructed, we can reconstruct the top or anti-top quark invariant mass
\begin{equation}
M_{jl\nu}^{2}=(p_{l}+p_{\nu}+p_{j})^{2},
\end{equation}
where j refers to any one of the five jets that makes the $M_{jl\nu}$ be closest to the top quark mass.
Based on the above discussion, we employ the basic cuts to outstand the $tW'$ process as

\begin{itemize}
\item Cut $A_{1}$:
\begin{flalign}
&{\rm For~~ 14~~and~~33~~ TeV}\left\{\begin{array}{ll}
& p_{lT}>50~{\rm GeV},~~~~p_{jT}>50~{\rm GeV},~~~~\displaystyle{\not}E_T>50~{\rm GeV},\nonumber \\
& |\eta_{l}|<2.5,~~~~|\eta_{j}|<2.5,~~~~\Delta R_{jj(lj)}>0.4,\nonumber \\
& |M_{j_{a}l\nu}-m_{t}|\leq30~{\rm GeV},~~~~|M_{j_{b}j_{c}j_{d}}-m_{t}|\leq30~{\rm GeV},\nonumber\\
&|M_{j_{b}j_{c}}-m_{W}|\leq10~{\rm GeV}.
\end{array} \right.&
\end{flalign}
\end{itemize}

Then the $W^\prime$ mass peak can be reconstructed through the momentum of all the particles except the ones used to reconstruct the associated top or anti-top quark. The distributions of $1/\sigma(d\sigma/dM_{tb}+d\sigma/dM_{\bar{t}b})$ are shown
in Fig.~\ref{fig:mtb}. The resonance peak is significant in the invariant mass distribution of $tb$, which will be a direct signal in the search of $W^\prime$. In order to further purify the signal, we require the following cut
\begin{itemize}
\item Cut $A_{2}$:$~~|M_{jj_{b}j_{c}j_{d}}-M|\leq10\%\, M$
or $|M_{jj_{a}l\nu}-M|\leq10\%\, M$,
\end{itemize}
together with the remaining jet that not be used to reconstruct top or anti-top quark tagged as a b-jet. The $b$-tagging efficiency is assumed to be 60\% while the miss-tagging efficiency of a light jet as
a $b$ jet is taken as transverse momentum dependent \cite{atlas0901}:
\begin{equation}
\epsilon_l =\left\{ \begin{array}{ll}
\displaystyle{\frac{1}{150}}, &P_T< 100\, {\rm GeV},\\
\displaystyle{\frac{1}{450}}\,\left(\frac{P_T}{25\,{\rm GeV}}-1\right), &100 \,{\rm GeV}\leq P_T<250\, {\rm GeV},\\
\displaystyle{\frac{1}{50}}, & P_T\geq 250\, {\rm GeV}.
\end{array} \right.
\end{equation}

\begin{figure}
\centering \includegraphics[width=0.40\textwidth]{fig7.eps}
\caption{The distributions of $1/\sigma(d\sigma/dM_{tb}+d\sigma/dM_{\bar{t}b})$ with respect to
the invariant mass reconstructed by top (anti-top) quark and the remaining jet
for $M=1,~2,~3$ TeV  for the process of
$pp\to tW_L^{\prime-}\to bl^{+}+b\bar{b}jj+\displaystyle{\not}E_T$ after cut $A_{1}$ at the LHC for 33 TeV.}
\label{fig:mtb}
\end{figure}

The cross section of process (\ref{eq:5jlplus}) at the LHC with $\sqrt{s}=14 $ and $33$ TeV after Cut $A_{1}$ and $A_{2}$ are displayed as a function of $M$ in Fig.~\ref{fig:lum-tb1} (a), which deriving from $W^\prime _R$  is larger than $W^\prime _L$ due to the discrepancy of the branching fraction $W^\prime \to tb$. If the mass of $W^\prime$ is larger than 1 TeV, it will be negative to observe $W^\prime$ from the process at the 14 TeV LHC, while the cross section can be enhanced more than one order of magnitude at 33 TeV. Considering the effect from  the background of $t\bar t j$, we give the integral luminosity needed at the LHC with $S/\sqrt{B}=3\sigma$ for various $M$ in Fig~.\ref{fig:lum-tb1} (b). The result shows that the $W^\prime$ with mass below 1 TeV can be observed from the process (\ref{eq:5jlplus}) at the LHC with  $\sqrt{s}=33 $ TeV. For a $W^\prime$ with mass up to 3 TeV, only with the sizable couplings it can be detected in the $tW'$ associated production via the $W^\prime \to tb$ decay
at the future LHC. It makes no difference to the results for the process (\ref{eq:5jlminus}) as displayed in Fig.~\ref{fig:lum-tb2}.
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.40\textwidth]{fig8.eps}
\includegraphics[width=0.40\textwidth]{fig9.eps}
\caption{(a) The total cross section  as a function of
the charged gauge bosons mass $M$ at $\sqrt{s}=14$ and $33$ TeV
for the process of $pp\to tW^{\prime-}\to 5{\rm jets}+l^{+}+\displaystyle{\not}E_T$  after all the cuts.
(b) The integral luminosity needed at the LHC for $\sqrt{s}=14$ and $33$ TeV
at $S/\sqrt{B}=3\sigma$ sensitivity. The solid and dashed lines stand for $W_L^{\prime-}$ and $W_R^{\prime-}$ respectively, and the two straight dotted lines present the luminosity of $300$ and $1000~fb^{-1}$.}
\label{fig:lum-tb1}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.40\textwidth]{fig10.eps}
\includegraphics[width=0.40\textwidth]{fig11.eps}
\caption{(a) The total cross section  as a function of
the charged gauge bosons mass $M$ at $\sqrt{s}=14$ and $33$ TeV
for the process of $pp\to tW^{\prime-}\to 5{\rm jets}+l^{-}+\displaystyle{\not}E_T$  after all the cuts.
(b) The integral luminosity needed at the LHC for $\sqrt{s}=14$ and $33$ TeV
at $S/\sqrt{B}=3\sigma$ sensitivity. The solid and dashed lines stand for $W_L^{\prime-}$ and $W_R^{\prime-}$ respectively, and the two straight dotted lines present the luminosity of $300$ and $1000~fb^{-1}$.}
\label{fig:lum-tb2}
\end{figure}

\subsection{$W^\prime \to q\bar q'$ channel for $tW^\prime$ production}

According to Fig. \ref{fig:ratio}, the search of $W^\prime$ is in favor of $W^\prime \to q\bar q'$ decay modes for the large branch fraction. Then we focus on the following process
\begin{equation}
pp\to tW^{\prime -} \to bW^+ W^{\prime -}\to bl^{+}+jj+\displaystyle{\not}E_T,
\label{qqdeay}
\end{equation}
where the charged lepton is from the associated top quark. The  differential distributions with the transverse momentum of the three jets and charged lepton are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:pt-qq} (a) and (b) as well as the missing transverse energy. The first two jets with the largest transverse momentum mostly derive from $W^\prime$ so that two peaks appear nearby 1.5 TeV which is half of the $W^\prime$ mass. The normalized differential distributions with $\Delta R$  which are displayed in  Fig.~\ref{fig:pt-qq} (c) for $pp\to tW^{\prime-}\to bl^{+}+jj+\displaystyle{\not}E_T$ process is broader than that in processes (\ref{eq:5jlplus}) and (\ref{eq:5jlminus}).
\begin{figure}
\centering \includegraphics[width=0.30\textwidth]{fig12.eps}
\includegraphics[width=0.30\textwidth]{fig13.eps}
\includegraphics[width=0.30\textwidth]{fig14.eps}
\caption{(a) The normalized differential distributions with the transverse momentum of the jets ($j_1,j_2,j_3$)
with $p_{Tj_1}>p_{Tj_2}>p_{Tj_3}$ for $M=3$ TeV in the process of $pp\to tW_L^{\prime-}\to l^{+}+3jets+\displaystyle{\not}E_T$ at $\sqrt{s}=33$ TeV.
(b) The same as (a) but for the charged lepton (solid line) and transverse missing energy $\displaystyle{\not}E_T$ (dashed line).
(c) The minimal angular separation distributions between jets (solid line) and that between jets and the charged lepton (dashed line).}
\label{fig:pt-qq}
\end{figure}

We use the same methods as in Sec. III A to obtain the momentum of neutrino and reconstruct the intermediate resonances.
The following relation is adopted,
\begin{eqnarray}
&&{\bf p}_{\nu T}=-({\bf p}_{lT}+\sum_{j=1}^{3}{\bf p}_{jT}),\nonumber\\\
&&m_{W}^{2}=(p_{\nu}+p_{l})^{2},\nonumber\\\
&&M_{jl\nu}^{2}=(p_{l}^{2}+p_{\nu}+p_{j})^{2},
\end{eqnarray}
with j named $j_a$ refers to any one of the three jets which makes $M_{jl\nu}$ be closest to the top quark mass and $j_{b(c)}$ for the left two.

Considering the unlike transverse momentum distributions of jet with the center of mass energy at 14 and 33 TeV, we employ the basic cuts as
\begin{itemize}
\item Cut $B_{1}$:
\begin{flalign}
&{\rm For~~ 14~~ TeV}\left\{\begin{array}{ll}
&p_{j_{1}T}>200~{\rm GeV},~~~~p_{j_{2}T}>100~{\rm GeV},~~~~p_{j_{3}T}>20~~{\rm GeV},\nonumber \\
&p_{lT}>20~~{\rm GeV},~~~~~\displaystyle{\not}E_T>20~{\rm GeV},\nonumber \\
&|\eta_{l}|<2.5,~~~~|\eta_{j}|<2.5,~~~~~\Delta R_{jj(lj)}>0.4,\nonumber \\
&|M_{j_{a}l\nu}-m_{t}|\leq30~{\rm GeV}.\end{array} \right.&\\
&{\rm For~~ 33~~ TeV}\left\{\begin{array}{ll}
&p_{j_{1}T}>550~{\rm GeV},~~~~p_{j_{2}T}>550~{\rm GeV},~~~~p_{j_{3}T}>20~~{\rm GeV},\nonumber \\
&p_{lT}>20~~{\rm GeV},~~~~~\displaystyle{\not}E_T>20~{\rm GeV},\nonumber \\
&|\eta_{l}|<2.5,~~~~|\eta_{j}|<2.5,~~~~~\Delta R_{jj(lj)}>0.4,\nonumber \\
&|M_{j_{a}l\nu}-m_{t}|\leq30~{\rm GeV}.\end{array} \right.&
\end{flalign}
\end{itemize}

Once the jet derived from top quark is confirmed by the reconstruction of top quark, the two remaining jets  are absolutely from the heavy charged gauge boson $W^\prime$. As presented in Fig.~\ref{fig:mqq}, the resonance peak is obvious around the $W^\prime$ mass in the differential distribution with $M_{j_bj_c}$.
\begin{figure}
\centering \includegraphics[width=0.40\textwidth]{fig15.eps}
\caption{The distributions of $1/\sigma d\sigma/dM_{jj}$ with respect to
the invariant mass reconstructed by the remaining  two jets
for $M=1,~2,~3$ TeV for the process of
$pp\to tW_L^{\prime-}\to 3{\rm jets}+l^{+}+\displaystyle{\not}E_T$  after cut $B_{1}$ at the LHC for 33 TeV.}
\label{fig:mqq}
\end{figure}
Hence the further cut is
\begin{itemize}
\item Cut $B_{2}$:$~~~|M_{j_bj_c}-M|\leq10\%\, M $.
\end{itemize}
Comparing the signal to the main SM backgrounds $Wjjj$, $WWj$ and $WZj$, one can find that b-tagging can help to purify the signal, so we require the jet used to reconstruct top quark to be a b-jet.

We show the total cross section after all the cuts for the signal process (\ref{qqdeay}) at the LHC
with  $14$ TeV and $33$ TeV in Fig.~\ref{fig:lum-qq} (a), as well as the integral luminosity as a function of $M$  assuming the significance is $3\sigma$ in Fig.~\ref{fig:lum-qq} (b).
The cross section is up to 0.003 (0.005) $fb$ for a mass of 2 TeV $W^{\prime}_{L}$ ($W^{\prime}_{R}$)  with 14 TeV, as well as 0.118 (0.165) $fb$ with 33 TeV,  while it is obviously suppressed by the strictly kinematic cuts for the $W^\prime$ mass lighter than 2 TeV with 33 TeV.
The main backgrounds with the same detector signal including $tW$, $Wjjj$, $WWj$ and $WZj$ are simulated by MadEvent  program~\cite{MadEvent}.  One can find that the luminosity need to be up to $10^5 fb^{-1}$ if the charged bosons with $M=2$ TeV can be detected at $14$ TeV.
However, there are about forty events can be detected for a  $M=2.8$ TeV $W^\prime$ with the luminosity of $1000 fb^{-1}$ at $33$ TeV.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{fig16.eps}
\includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{fig17.eps}
\caption{(a) The total cross section  as a function of
the charged gauge bosons mass $M$ at $\sqrt{s}=14$ and $33$ TeV
for the process of $pp\to tW^{\prime-}\to 3{\rm jets}+l^{+}+\displaystyle{\not}E_T$.
(b) The integral luminosity needed at the LHC for $\sqrt{s}=14$ and $33$ TeV
at $S/\sqrt{B}=3\sigma$ sensitivity. The solid and dashed lines stand for $W_L^{\prime-}$ and $W_R^{\prime-}$ respectively, and the two straight dotted lines present the luminosity of $300$ and $1000~fb^{-1}$.  }
\label{fig:lum-qq}
\end{figure}
Once a heavy charged boson $W^\prime$ is discovered at the LHC, it will be imperative to determine
its chiral couplings to SM fermions.
Accounting for different chiral couplings between $W^\prime _Lq\bar q'$ and $W^\prime _Rq\bar q'$,
we investigate the charged lepton angular distribution which depends on the chiral couplings of $W^\prime$ to light quarks. The chirality of the $W^\prime$ coupling to the light quarks can be translated to the
angular distribution of the charged lepton and a forward-backward asymmetry is defined as follows
\begin{eqnarray}
&&\frac{1}{\sigma}\,\frac{d\sigma}{d\cos\theta^{*}}\,=\,\frac{1}{2}\,[1\,+\, A_{FB}\cos\theta^{*}],~~~~~~
A_{FB}=\frac{\sigma(cos\theta^{*}\geq0)-\sigma(cos\theta^{*}<0)}{\sigma(cos\theta^{*}\geq0)+\sigma(cos\theta^{*}<0)}
\label{eqfbeq}
\end{eqnarray}
with
\begin{equation}
\cos\theta^{*}=\frac{{\bf p}_{l^{+}}^{*}\cdot{\bf p}_{t}^{*}}{|{\bf p}_{l^{+}}^{*}||{\bf p}_{t}^{*}|}  .
\end{equation}
Here ${\bf p}_{l^{+}}^{*}$ is the 3-momentum of charged lepton in
the top quark rest frame, and ${\bf p}_{t}^{*}$ is the 3-momentum of the
top quark in $tW^{\prime -}$ center of mass frame.

The charged lepton angular distributions with respect to $cos\theta^{*}$ before and after cuts are displayed in Fig.~\ref{fig:cos-3jl+} corresponding to the process (\ref{qqdeay}) at 33 TeV LHC.
The result shows that most charged leptons moving against the direction of the top quark for the left-handed type interaction, while it leads to the inverse tendency for the right-handed type interaction. Thus we can separate the hemisphere of top quark direction from the opposite hemisphere according to $\cos\theta^* \ge 0$ or $\cos\theta^* < 0$, then the forward-backward asymmetry leads to inverse sign which is listed in Table.~\ref{tab:asyqq}. Although the distributions after the cuts in the $cos\theta^*=-1$ region are severely distorted by the acceptance cuts,
due to the charged leptons moving against the top quark direction carry less energy than those in the remaining region, the forward-backward asymmetry with $-0.5<\cos\theta<0.5$ is also an excellent characteristic quantity to distinguish $W^{\prime}_L$ from $W^{\prime}_R$.

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{fig18.eps}
\includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{fig19.eps}
\caption{The angular distributions of the
charged lepton for $M=3$ TeV with (left) and without (right) cuts
at $\sqrt{s}=33$ TeV for the process of $pp\to tW^{\prime-}\to 3{\rm jets}+l^{+}+\displaystyle{\not}E_T$. The solid line and dashed line stand for $W^{\prime-}_L$ and $W^{\prime-}_R$, respectively.}
\label{fig:cos-3jl+}
\end{figure}
\begin{table}[htbp]
\begin{centering}\scalebox{0.9}{$
\begin{tabular}{|c||c|c|c||c|c|c|}
\hline
 $A_{FB}$&\multicolumn{3}{c||}{before cuts }& \multicolumn{3}{c|}{after cuts} \tabularnewline
\hline
$M$ (TeV) &1&2&3&1&2&3 \tabularnewline
\hline
$W^\prime_L$ &-0.147  & -0.174 &  -0.191&-0.426&-0.116 &-0.139\tabularnewline
\hline
$W^\prime_R$&0.147   &  0.174 &   0.191&0.035&0.020&0.016 \tabularnewline
\hline
\end{tabular}$}\caption{The forward-backward asymmetry $A_{FB}$
for $pp\to tW^{\prime-}\to 3{\rm jets}+l^{+}+\displaystyle{\not}E_T$ at the LHC with $\sqrt{s}=33$ TeV before
and after the cuts.}
\label{tab:asyqq}
\par\end{centering}
\centering{}
\end{table}

\subsection{$W^\prime\to l\nu$ channel for $tW^\prime$ production}

The leptonic decay modes of $W^\prime$ depend on the lepton spectrum and the flavor mixing in the given model.
Although the right-handed $W^\prime$ boson can couple to a charged lepton and right-handed neutrino in some new physics models, the decay modes of $W^\prime _R\to l \nu_R$ is not considered due to the mass of $\nu_R$ larger than $W^\prime$ or the different signal comparing to $W^\prime _L\to l \nu$. In this section, we focus on the  process
\begin{equation}
pp\to tW^{\prime -}_L \to bW^+ W^{\prime -}\to bjj+l^{-}+\displaystyle{\not}E_T
\label{lvchannel}
\end{equation}
with $W^{\prime -} \to l^- \nu$ decay mode, which provides the charged lepton with large transverse momentum as an excellent trigger at the LHC.

The distributions of $\sigma^{-1}d\sigma/dP_T$ with the transverse momentum of the three jets and lepton are shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:pt-lv} (a)
and (b). There is an obvious jacobian peak at $P_T=M/2$ in the charged lepton transverse momentum distribution.
In Fig.~\ref{fig:pt-lv} (c), we display the corresponding distributions for $\Delta R$.
\begin{figure}
\centering \includegraphics[width=0.30\textwidth]{fig20.eps}
\includegraphics[width=0.30\textwidth]{fig21.eps}
\includegraphics[width=0.30\textwidth]{fig22.eps}
\caption{(a) The normalized differential distributions with the transverse momentum of the jets ($j_1,j_2,j_3$)
with $p_{Tj_1}>p_{Tj_2}>p_{Tj_3}$ for $M=3$ TeV in the process of $pp\to tW_L^{\prime-}\to 3{\rm jets}+l^{-}+\displaystyle{\not}E_T$ at $\sqrt{s}=33$ TeV.
(b) The same as (a) but for the charged lepton (solid line) and transverse missing energy $\displaystyle{\not}E_T$ (dashed line).
(c) The minimal angular separation distributions between jets (solid line) and that between jets and the charged lepton (dashed line).}
\label{fig:pt-lv}
\end{figure}

We employ the basic acceptance cuts as

\begin{itemize}
\item Cut $C_{1}$:
\begin{flalign}
&{\rm For~~ 14~~ TeV}\left\{\begin{array}{ll}
& p_{lT}>200~{\rm GeV},~~~~\displaystyle{\not}E_T>200~{\rm GeV} , ~~~~p_{jT}>20~{\rm GeV},\nonumber \\
&|\eta_{l}|<2.5,~~~~|\eta_{j}|<2.5,~~~~\Delta R_{jj(lj)}>0.4.\nonumber\end{array} \right.&\\
&{\rm For~~ 33~~ TeV}\left\{\begin{array}{ll}
& p_{lT}>350~{\rm GeV},~~~~\displaystyle{\not}E_T>350~{\rm GeV} , ~~~~p_{jT}>20~{\rm GeV},\nonumber \\
&|\eta_{l}|<2.5,~~~~|\eta_{j}|<2.5,~~~~\Delta R_{jj(lj)}>0.4.\nonumber\end{array} \right.&
\end{flalign}
\end{itemize}

And we require the top quark mass be reconstructed by all of the three jets as well as $W$ boson mass reconstructed by two of the jets as the further cut
\begin{itemize}
\item Cut $C_{2}$:
$~~|M_{j_{a}j_{b}}-m_{W}|\leq10~{\rm GeV},~~~~|M_{j_{a}j_{b}j_{c}}-m_{t}|\leq30~{\rm GeV},$
\end{itemize}
where
\begin{equation}
M_{jjj}^{2}=(\sum_{j=1}^{3}{p}_{j})^2.
\end{equation}
In addition, the jet which is not used to reconstruct $W$ boson is tagged as a b-jet to suppress the background processes.

The differential distributions $\sigma ^{-1}d\sigma/dH_T$ for process (\ref{lvchannel}) are
shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:sumpt}, where
\begin{equation}
H_{T}=\sum_{j=1}^{3}{p}_{jT}+{p}_{lT}+\displaystyle{\not}E_T.
\end{equation}
One can see that a peak appears around the $W^\prime$ mass which is a significant excess comparing to the SM backgrounds.
\begin{figure}
\centering \includegraphics[width=0.40\textwidth]{fig23.eps}
\caption{The distributions of $1/\sigma d\sigma/dH_T$ with respect to
$H_T$ for $M=1,~2,~3$ TeV for the process of
 $pp\to tW_L^{\prime-}\to l^{-}+3jets+\displaystyle{\not}E_T$ after cut $C_{2}$ at the LHC for 33 TeV.}
\label{fig:sumpt}
\end{figure}
In Fig.~\ref{fig:lum-lv}, we present the total cross section for the pure left-handed $W^\prime$ with
and without cuts at the LHC with $14$ TeV and $33$ TeV. The cross section reaches 0.02 $fb$ for $M=3$ TeV with $\sqrt{s}=33$ TeV.
Corresponding to the process (\ref{lvchannel}) with final states $3{\rm jets}+l^{-}+\displaystyle{\not}E_T$, the dominant backgrounds from SM are $tW$, $Wjjj$, $Wjjj$ and $WZj$, which are simulated by MadEvent.
Supposing the integral luminosity to be $300 fb^{-1}$ at $14$ TeV, a $W^\prime _L$ with mass up to 1.7 TeV can be found at $3\sigma$ significance, which can be enlarged to 4 TeV on the condition of integral luminosity of $1000 fb^{-1}$ at the LHC with $\sqrt{s}=33$ TeV.

In a more appealing seesaw version \cite{Minkowski:1977sc,Mohapatra:1979ia} of the theory, as in the papers below, $W^\prime_R$ decays into the heavy right-handed neutrino with the spectacular signatures of lepton number violation ~\cite{Keung:1983uu}. In this case, there have been dedicated searches and theoretical discussions \cite{Ferrari:2000sp,Nemevsek:2011hz,Han:2012vk}. Perhaps the $W^\prime$ can be first detected at the LHC associated with the heavy right-handed neutrino.
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{fig24.eps}
\includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{fig25.eps}
\caption{(a) The total cross section  as a function of
the charged gauge bosons mass $M$ at $\sqrt{s}=14$ and $33$ TeV
for the process of $pp\to tW^{\prime-}_L\to  3{\rm jets}+l^{-}+\displaystyle{\not}E_T$.
(b) The integral luminosity needed at the LHC for $\sqrt{s}=14$ and $33$ TeV
at $S/\sqrt{B}=3\sigma$ sensitivity. The two straight dotted lines present the luminosity of $300$ and $1000~fb^{-1}$.}
\label{fig:lum-lv}
\end{figure}

\section{Summary}
The observation of a new charged vector boson $W^\prime$ is an unambiguous signal for new physics beyond the SM. As a result, it is important to search for
$W^\prime$ production signal and its related phenomena via different production and decay channels at the LHC.
In this paper, we focus on investigating the collider signature for
the $tW^\prime$ associated production with $W^\prime \to tb$, $W^\prime \to q \bar {q}'$ and $W^\prime \to l \nu$ respectively at the LHC.
It is found that with the most common coupling parameters and present mass constraints for $W^\prime$, due to the limited cross section, it is difficult
to observe $W^\prime$ production signal via $tW^\prime$ associated production at 14 TeV. However, if the center of mass energy of the LHC is updated to 33 TeV or even higher, a distinct signal for $W^\prime$ production can be observed via $W^\prime \to q \bar {q}'$ and $W^\prime \to l \nu$ after adopting proper kinematic cuts, e.g., large transverse momentum cut to the jets/leptons, etc. Once the $tW^\prime$ production is observed at the LHC, it will become important to study the interactions between $W^\prime$ and fermions. For this aim, as an example, we analyze the angular distribution of the charged lepton for
$pp \to tW^{\prime -} \to bW^+ W^{\prime -} \to bl^+ + jj + \displaystyle{\not}E_T $ process and the related forward-backward asymmetry induced by top quark spin. Our results show that the charged lepton angular distribution is related to the chiral couplings of $W^\prime$ to fermions and the forward-backward asymmetry depending on
this angular distribution. These observables can be used to distinguish $W^\prime_L$ from $W^\prime_R$. If the LHC can served as a discovery machine for the new charged gauge boson $W^\prime$, our work will be useful to search for its production signal and to explore its properties.

\section*{Acknowledgments}
We would like to thank Profs. Shi-Yuan Li and Shou-Shan Bao for their helpful discussions and comments. This work is  supported in part by National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) under grant
Nos.11305075, 11325525, 11275114, 10935012 and 11375200. Li is also supported in part by Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province under grant No.ZR2013AQ006.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Why Cloud Services are bought behind IT's back?
A cloud worker in his thoughts, yes, that's me thinking about the shadow IT.
I wrote this post originally to my company blog.
will get "similar" but inferior service, eventually when IT gets time to do it.
Firstly, IT says "No" because it does not understand the business problem at hands or the benefits that the chosen SaaS solution would offer. As IT professional myself, I too used to start with listing problems and risks whenever a new service was presented to me. I did not believe that the solution would solve the issue because I just simply did not understood how much this would actually help the business units. Ok, I did some soul-searching and found a reason for My Inner Problem Troll. I have had such a bad experience with implementation of new software services: sales cycle is long, price is high, laborious server procurement and installation, mandatory customization and integration projects, bad end-user training experience, and poor usability. And very often after the software implementation project nobody wants to actually use the product – and everybody is feeling sick and tired of it. These experiences lead further to the problem number two.
With an engineer style, we often tend to overdo things and aim for perfection and making everything ready at once. Very typical at least in Finland, Nokialand. The new service must be fully integrated to other systems, the information must not be in silos in the different systems, the service must perfectly adapt to our processes (how outdated they ever are…), and on top of that it must adapt to changing business needs, and finally, the implementation must happen to all personnel at once. Phew. Everything has to be one complete solution.
When the chosen service is finally in production, the business need may have changed and therefore nobody wants to use the service. Summarized; all the integrations, customizations and implementation took too much time and way too much money.
The price of the traditional software product will easily lead to the problem number three.
Does this sound familiar? Because the purchased product was expensive and the implementation was painful, you desperately want to use the licenses and servers for almost any problem you encounter – even if there are better (and less expensive) solutions available. In other works, it is easy to end up trying to save money by using one single product to solve the various needs.
I dare to argue that by doing this way you will end up saving money from the wrong end. As an example: how many of you organize events by email and Excel sheets? Did you know that there are alternatives? If you count the hours you use for excel work and emails and compare this to services like Lyyti (this is a Finnish service) we don't need to be a Nobel awarded mathematician to understand a) the cost savings and b) increased value to the event participants.
The need to control everything, futile (and expensive) perfectionism, fanatic avoidance of data silos and emphasis on the potential risks instead of the benefits have led to a situation, where SaaS services are purchased without the acceptance of the IT management.
So what can we do about it? A lot! The solution is not to add more technology or interfaces.
Software production companies have already accepted that agile development and early trials are the way to get a product that is good enough for the actual business needs and the schedule. So why would IT department want to act in a way that is suspiciously similar to the waterfall method? I would highly recommend added agility and demo mentality are also tested in the IT departments – SaaS services are very easy to test and experiment!
If a SaaS product does not meet your needs, it is really easy to skip it and test another one. The testing of new services costs way less than you think and it gives you possibilities to react to actual business problems – and not only to the problems that you can afford, have time to solve or know how to fix!
Why SLA does not make sense in the Cloud?


Notes: I will ONLY trade this show for any other 2001 megadeth boots!
Very nice sound for a video rip! Sounds a bit distant. ENORMOUS THANX to Mike for this item! The recording lacks Intro but i don't care! :) OMG! What a setlist!!


text:
package org.ensor.math.geometry;

/**
 * This interface models a smooth path function which is capable of returning
 * a vector position for any arbitrary point in time "t" along the path.
 * @param <VectorType> The type of position value returned by the path.
 * @author jona
 */
public interface IPath<VectorType> {

    /**
     * Returns the position along the path for the given
     * point in time.
     *
     * @param aTime Point in time from 0 (beginning of path) to 1 (end of path).
     * @return The 3d position associated with this point in time.
     */
    VectorType getPosition(double aTime);

    /**
     * Returns the tangent
     * to the curve for the given point in time.
     * @param aTime Point in time from 0 (beginning of path) to 1 (end of path).
     * @return The 3d tangent vector (normalized to 1) associated with this
     *         point in time.
     */
    VectorType getDirection(double aTime);

    /**
     * Returns the overall length of the path.  Note that this is
     * the actual length traveled, not the 'as the crow flies' distance
     * between start and end.  Also note that for simple paths such as linear
     * interpolation, this is fairly exact, however, for more complicated curves
     * like cubic splines, this is an estimate since making a closed-form
     * expression for these curves is extremely difficult.
     * @return The path length traveled from start to end.
     */
    double getLength();

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: How to move a REST resource? I'm trying to move a resource from /buckets/1 to /buckets/2 such that:
Initial state

*

*/buckets/1 = foo

*/buckets/2 = HTTP 404

Final state

*

*/buckets/1 = HTTP 301 to /buckets/2

*/buckets/2 = foo

What's a RESTful way of asking the server to move a resource in this manner?

A: *

*GET /buckets/1

*DELETE /buckets/1

*PUT /buckets/2 {data returned by #1}
That doesn't make the server 301, though. The alternative would be to use the WebDAV MOVE method, i.e. by creating your own @MOVE annotation using the @HttpMethod annotation:
import ...;

@Target({ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@HttpMethod("MOVE")
public @interface MOVE {}

but doing so breaks REST's architectural principle of using HTTP as a uniform interface (RESTful Java).

A: Answering my own question:

*

*For the sake of this discussion let's assume that we are storing "balls" in buckets

*The first thing to notice is that a ball's life-cycle is not determined by its containing bucket (moving a ball from one bucket to another does not delete the old ball). As such we should promote balls to a top-level resource: /balls

*REST seems to work best in terms of symbolic links as opposed to inline values, so instead of GET /buckets/1 returning the value of the ball in the bucket let's have it return the URI of the ball instead.

We can then move balls as follows:
(examine original state)
GET /buckets/1: "balls = {'/balls/1'}"
GET /buckets/2: "balls = {}"
GET /balls/1: "bucket = /buckets/1"

(move ball into bucket #2)
PUT /balls/1: "bucket = /buckets/2"

(examine new state)
GET /buckets/1: "balls = {}"
GET /buckets/2: "balls = {'/balls/1'}"
GET /balls/1: "bucket = /buckets/2"

End-result: the ball's identity remains consistent as it moves across buckets and (most importantly) this operation is atomic.

A: *

*Create original resource:
PUT /bucket/1

*Call server procedure that responsible for moving resources:
POST /bucket/1/move-to/2

*Original resource path now should return Moved status code:
GET /bucket/1 HTTP 301

*Resource now should be available on new path:
GET /bucket/2 HTTP 200


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