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Kareiva, Nature Conservancy, and Nativism
Posted on July 4, 2011 by webmaster
A few days ago, we attended a talk by Peter Kareiva, chief scientist at the well-known Nature Conservancy. (He's also been elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences.) It's an environmental organization that prides itself on being science-based; it has some 600 working scientists. Kareiva's argument was that environmentalism is painting itself into a corner. It's becoming polarized, misanthropic, dogmatic, and anti-technology. And it's losing support: In 2011, over half of people surveyed agreed with the statement, "Most of the people actively involved in environmental groups are extremists, not reasonable people." Back in 1996, Kareiva said, under a third had agreed with that. It's seen as a preoccupation of the wealthy and the white: the image of an environmentalist is a woman who wears lots of green, is moneyed, and preaches…
NATURE: RESILIENT, NOT FRAGILE
Kareiva took issue with the use of the term "fragile" as a cliche when discussion anything eco-related. Fragile planet. Fragile river. Fragile ecosystem. Fragile species. This tends to extremist thinking, because if it's fragile, it will break; there's no room for compromise. Battles are hard fought and divisive. Spotted owl vs loggers. Fish vs humans. In Uganda, some 5,000 villagers were evicted from a "fragile" habitat rich in fauna to create a reserve — and naturally, created passionate opposition as well. When a political change allowed the villagers to return, they slaughtered the animals to get rid of the wildlife that had attracted conservationist attention. The villagers didn't want to take the risk of being dispossessed of their land again. But nature isn't fragile, Kareiva points out. It's resilient. He gave a number of examples:
Mount St Helens, the volcano that in 1980 blew with the force of 10 Hiroshimas and destroyed the surrounding forests and ecosystems — which started to rebound almost immediately.
Bikini Atoll, site of nuclear bomb tests until 1958, now has 25% more coral than before (possibly due to excluding humans from the radio-active island).
Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, 30 kilometers in radius round the area of the 1986 nuclear accident, is a haven for wildlife including the endangered Przewalski's horse.
In San Francisco city, peregrine falcons are breeding. This bird nearly went extinct owing to DDT contamination, but has now recovered.
In Indonesia, orangutans were found thriving in palm-oil plantations, not just in virgin forests.
The threats of imminent danger can be compelling for donors; Kareiva showed a full-page advertisement taken out by several conservation groups indicating the Chinook salmon could be gone by 2017 without action to save them by removing dams. The Nature Conservancy looked at the science behind it, and were unconvinced. But talking later with his counterpart in one of the organizations, Kareiva was told, "Last year was our best fund-raising year." Extinctions are unfortunate, but not necessarily disastrous. "It's not just going to stop, it's going to change. What you're left with is different" — not a collapse, but a different ecosystem.
The American chestnut was a dominant tree in eastern forest, and rained down nutrients in the form of chestnuts. It was a hugely important element in the ecosystem. Then it died out — and the ecosystem changed as a result. It didn't stop functioning as an ecosystem.
The Passenger Pigeon was another thriving species, which by its sheer numbers much have had a major eco-system impact. The last bird died in 1914. The ecosystem changed to accommodate it.
[ETA: Interestingly, the Band-tailed pigeon, described by researchers as the western counterpart to the passenger pigeon, thrives and is not endangered. Bandtails apparently carry a host-specific passenger-pigeon louse that was thought to have gone extinct with the passenger pigeons.]
There are two views of ecosystems. One imagines it as a family, where each member is critical to the family, and irreplaceable; remove enough of the members, and the ecosystem collapses as surely as a family would do. In Kareiva's view, it's more like an office: Everyone has a job to do, but if the person doing it leaves, someone else takes over. In this view, the species filling the vacant slot might be from inside the system, or outside it. It makes no functional difference. (Kareiva thinks we should not allow a species to go extinct — but also notes that it's a value, a belief, and others might not share it.) There are no pristine places left in nature; the world now has more trees in plantations than in "natural" forests. Over half the world's humans live in cities, and the trend is accelerating. A view of nature as a "rambunctious garden" makes compromise possible.
A PRAGMATIC APPROACH TO NON-NATIVE SPECIES
When asked about introduced species, Kareiva pointed out that California has 25% more plant species than before. Owing to non-native plants, bio-diversity has actually increased. From a practical viewpoint, too, non-native plants serve functions that the native plants no longer perform, such as holding soil or providing habitat. [We've noted some local examples in an earlier post, Interwoven and Integrated: Non-native and Native in Life's Web.] Nevertheless, Kareiva believes it makes sense to try to police the frontiers: be careful about which species are allowed entry. Some introduced species — like the emerald ash borer — have been a problem. Island ecosystems are particularly vulnerable. But battling non-native plants that have become established can be pointless, counterproductive, and fail the cost-effectiveness test. His preferred approach is set out in a blog post on the Nature Conservancy website. It's called Invasive Species: Guilty until Proven Innocent?In a thoughtful, balanced article he notes:
Science-based conservation cannot be about knee-jerk platitudes and simple views of good and evil. Policy experts and conservationists who have been working hard to control invasive species should not discourage arguments about invasive species — the fact is we cannot control all invasive species, and in many cases, yesterday's invaders have become plants and animals that are beloved by local people.
[ETA: 4 July 2011 – This talk, Conservation in the Real World, was sponsored by The Long Now Foundation, and is available as a podcast on their website. Audio is free to everyone; the same talk is also available as video to members.]
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6 Responses to Kareiva, Nature Conservancy, and Nativism
milliontrees says:
The mainstream environmental organizations have earned their reputation as "unreasonable extremists." Here are a couple of examples of extremist rhetoric from The Yodeler, the newsletter of the local chapter of the Sierra Club.
In the current edition the Sierra Club announces its opposition to the Revised Open Space Element (ROSE) of the General Plan of the city/county of San Francisco. Here is one of their many objections to this plan: "The draft ROSE talks about the benefits of open space for physical fitness through exercise and recreation, but these one can do on city streets or gyms." The parks of San Francisco are apparently not for the purpose of recreation in the opinion of the Sierra Club.
In the previous edition, the Sierra Club complained about the fact that San Francisco's Recreation and Park Department is "wasting money" by defending itself against the various suits brought by the Sierra Club and other environmental organizations. The Rec & Park Dept isn't suing anyone. It is being forced to waste money to defend itself against the suits of the Sierra Club. In effect, the Sierra Club is complaining that the Rec & Park Dept isn't just doing whatever the Club tells it to do, so that the Club doesn't have to sue them. Since the Sierra Club apparently doesn't think recreation is a suitable activity for the city's parks, you can see why the Rec & Park Dept is forced to defend itself against this extreme view.
"Environmentalism" has been stolen from us by extremists. When are we going to take it back?
Keith McAllister says:
The Nature Conservancy employs 600 scientists. Mr. Kareiva contrasted that impressive number with the roughly 100 lawyers employed by the Conservancy. So his claim that the Conservancy strives to do "science based" conservation is well founded. He also stressed that the scientists at the Conservacy argue with each other constantly, which is as it should be.
I wonder: How many scientists are employed by the Sierra Club, Audubon, and the Center for Biological Diversity? That's not a rhetorical question–I really do wonder. Perhaps readers of this blog can enlighten me (and other readers). For clarity, by "scientist" I mean someone who does science as a profession and publishes results in refereed scientific journals. A modern Masters degree from Poobah State in Ecology doesn't make one a scientist.
There is hope for environmentalism if policy can be science-driven rather than lawyer-driven.
(Now hold your fire! I know lawyers are necessary and perform useful functions. The Nature Conservancy certainly needs its talented lawyers to handle all the real estate transactions involved in preserving huge amounts of natural landscape. I just think discussion of natural science issues should be dominated by scientists, with input from lawyers and the rest of us.)
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How to use the "Waiting for" filter?
Waiting For filter allows you to list contacts that you've already contacted and currently waiting for them to call you back.
Open your Contact and enter a Next Action (see A).
Select Waiting for from the drop down (see B).
How to view your Waiting for contacts?
Click on the Waiting for filter on the left hand side menu (see C).
Contacts are displayed in reverse chronological order starting with the shortest stale indicator e.g 0 Days and ending with longest stale indicator e.g > Mth (see D).
To view details of a waiting for contact, click on it and their contact details are displayed with the flag specifying the duration of stale indicator e.g Waiting for 4 days (see E).
The stale indicator refers to the period from the time stamp the contact was assigned the Waiting for up to now. This indicator ranges from 0 Days to 6 days, 1 Week (Wk) to 4 Weeks (Wks) and when the waiting time exceeded 30 days it displays waiting over a month (> Mth).
To apply the Waiting for to a contact click here.


Have questions? Get answers from Ballyagran Transport Co Ltd or IrelandYP.com users. Visitors haven't asked any questions yet.
Ballyagran Transport Co Ltd is located in Foynes, Ireland. Company is working in Industrial services business activities.


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Lankesterella spannageliana är en orkidéart som först beskrevs av Frederico Carlos Hoehne och Alexander Curt Brade, och fick sitt nu gällande namn av Rudolf Mansfeld. Lankesterella spannageliana ingår i släktet Lankesterella och familjen orkidéer. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Orkidéer
spannageliana

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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We care! When providing service or installation, we treat you like you expect to be treated. If you're spending money, you expect a technician to communicate with you, educate you on what's going on and even perhaps show you a picture on their cell phone of what they're talking about. Some technicians are annoyed when the customer stands by. Griffin Air technicians prefer it! We understand that your trust is more important than making a quick buck. Give us a chance today!
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The normal price is 40 Euros.
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All cancellations are subject to a 5-Euro administration fee. Payment is refundable (less administration fee) if cancellation is done no later than April 6th. If you cancel after April 6th, you may only be refunded if you are able to find a replacement for your place even if your cancellation is due to an illness.
This program takes the beginning student through the 12 basic postures of the Sivananda system as well as the sun salutation and breathing practices in detail. In addition, philosophical principles of yoga are explored to provide the student with a solid foundation both in posture and philosophy. Go to the Intro to Sivananda yoga page.


Park Scientists: Gila Monsters, Geysers, and Grizzly Bears in America's Own Backyard by Mary Kay Carson and Tom Uhlman highlights the researchers who work in America's National Parks, and who are able to perform long-term studies of a wide number of subjects from salamanders the size of thumbnails to gigantic geothermal geysers.
An enthralling literary debut, Girl Through Glass by Sari Wilson tells the story of a young girl's coming of age in the cutthroat world of New York City ballet—a story of obsession and the quest for perfection, trust and betrayal, beauty and lost innocence.
A journalist and essayist of remarkable perception and prescience, Andrew Solomon's Far and Away is a collection of writings about places undergoing seismic shifts—political, cultural, and spiritual.
She was the first American movie star ever to appear naked in a film, but her promising film career collapsed, her doctor fell in love with her and killed his own wife, and on her fortieth birthday, her mother committed her to an insane asylum. She remained there until her death in 1996 at the age of 104 and is now buried in an unmarked grave.
From James Bone, the former New York Bureau Chief of The Times of London, The Curse of Beauty reveals the riveting truth of the forgotten life of Audrey Munson, America's First Supermodel.
From a peaceful village in eastern Poland to a partitioned post-war Vienna, Tasa's Song by Linda Kass celebrates the bonds of love, the power of memory, the solace of music, and the enduring strength of the human spirit.
On the Origins of Sports by Gary Belsky & Neil Fine is an illustrated book built around the original rules of 21 of the world's most popular sports, from football and soccer to wrestling and mixed martial arts.
The Joy of Less by Francine Jay is a refreshing and relatable approach to decluttering that belongs in every home.
What should we have for dinner? Ten years ago, Michael Pollan confronted us with this seemingly simple question and ten years later, The Omnivore's Dilemma continues to transform the way Americans think about the politics, perils, and pleasures of eating.
J. Todd Scott's The Far Empty is a modern Western, a story of loss and escape set along the sharp edge of the Texas border.
In Remember My Beauties by Lynne Hugo, when the inept, the addict, and the ex-con join to weave the family story back together, either the barn will burn to the ground or something bigger than any of them will emerge, shining with hope.
In time for the National Park's 100th birthday, National Geographic's Guide to National Parks of the United States is fully revamped and updated with all new text, photographs, and design. Well-known national parks writers provide new insights into the parks and share favorite spots for viewing scenery, wildlife, sunsets, and more in this Centennial edition.
July 19, 2016 - UPDATE - Congratulations to local author/illustrator Loren Long for winning the 2016 Ohioana Book Award in the Juvenile Fiction category for his book Little Tree!
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It's Okay to Laugh: (Crying Is Cool Too) is a love letter to life, in all its messy glory; it reads like a conversation with a close friend, and leaves a trail of glitter in its wake.
Into the Black is a real-life techno-thriller from bestselling author and aviation expert Rowland White that recaptures the historic moments leading up to the launch of the space shuttle Columbia and the exciting story of her daring maiden flight.
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In The Geography of Madness, acclaimed magazine writer Frank Bures travels around the world to trace culture-bound syndromes to their sources - and in the process, tells a remarkable story about the strange things all of us believe.


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Salpis scodionata är en fjärilsart som beskrevs av Paul Mabille 1885. Salpis scodionata ingår i släktet Salpis och familjen mätare. Inga underarter finns listade.

Källor

Mätare
scodionata


When President John F. Kennedy visited the headquarters of NASA at Cape Canaveral in Florida for the first time in 1961. As he toured the centre, he introduced himself to a cleaner who was mopping the floor and asked him what he did at the space centre. "I'm putting a man on the moon!" the cleaner replied. The cleaner had a role many might perceive as a lightyear away from the astronauts and rocket scientists who got all the headlines. But that cleaner understood the organisation's purpose and the importance of his contribution to it. He understood that he was fulfilling an essential role within a large geographically dispersed multi-departmental organisation – an organisation with so many similar characteristics to Dimensions.
There is a similar story involving Sir Christopher Wren – the highly acclaimed architect whose masterpiece is St Paul's Cathedral in London, completed in 1710. One day he walked unrecognised among those at work on building the cathedral and asked one workman what he was doing. "I am cutting a piece of stone," was the reply. Then he asked another worker, who replied, "I am helping Sir Christopher Wren build a beautiful cathedral." The second worker could see beyond the cutting of stone and saw the overall purpose of why the stones needed to be cut.
The same applies to all of us here at Dimensions – just as it applied to the Cape Canaveral cleaner and the St Paul's stonemason. If I were to ask someone in Business Support – let's say in Finance, for example – what they do, they could answer by referring to their role in sending invoices out, or in making sure we all get paid. Let's be honest – both are essential roles that we can't do without. Or they could say, "I'm making sure the people the Dimensions Group supports have great lives." After all, this is why our organisation exists and this what we are all employed to do.
All our roles today within Dimensions are interdependent – just like they were at St Paul's, and are today at NASA. Sure, the actual work of supporting people in their homes or out in the community is carried out every day around the clock by our fantastic operational colleagues. Their commitment and their efforts are absolutely fundamental to what we are all about.
Without their contribution we would not be the great support provider I believe we are. And yet those of our colleagues whose day-to-day contribution is as part of Business Support are no less involved and certainly no less important in ensuring that we can provide great support to people with learning disabilities and autism. Without them, none of us would be paid, we wouldn't have access to IT (so important to what we do), or have our rights in the workplace upheld, or have the job security we do because we can convince local authorities to give us contracts. In fact, this list could go on and on.
We need to recognise and accept that in any organisation as large as we are, we don't all have the same sense of belonging or loyalty to the 'organisation'. Many colleagues joined us simply because a commissioner or a family decided we were the best organisation to provide support.
However, recognising that every one of us who works for Dimensions is making a vital contribution whatever their role is essential if we are to achieve our goal of providing great support for people with learning disabilities and autism. We are all reliant on each other wherever we work and whatever we do if we are to continue to achieve our goal – helping the people we support to have great lives.


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Q: How to check if part of an element exist in array in python? I have an array like this
['MLPClassifier-81991331-57fe-40f8-86b2-fa570e8a9010', 'RandomForestClassifier-fbf96287-c16b-4e1e-ba10-66d5747742c7', 'KNeighborsClassifier-34f6b483-618f-407a-88bb-902972db40db']

If I declare
 model = 'KNeighborsClassifier'

I need to check if there is an element start with above "model" and need to print the whole part as
 'KNeighborsClassifier-34f6b483-618f-407a-88bb-902972db40db'

How can I get it?

A: Simple loop with an if-clause testing str.startswith:
array = ['MLPClassifier-81991331-57fe-40f8-86b2-fa570e8a9010',
         'RandomForestClassifier-fbf96287-c16b-4e1e-ba10-66d5747742c7',
         'KNeighborsClassifier-34f6b483-618f-407a-88bb-902972db40db']

model = 'KNeighborsClassifier'

for x in array:
    if x.startswith(model):
        print(x)

A: Try list comprehension:
a = ['MLPClassifier-81991331-57fe-40f8-86b2-fa570e8a9010',
     'RandomForestClassifier-fbf96287-c16b-4e1e-ba10-66d5747742c7',
     'KNeighborsClassifier-34f6b483-618f-407a-88bb-902972db40db']

model = 'KNeighborsClassifier'

[s for s in a if s.startswith(model)] # -> ['KNeighborsClassifier-34f6b483-618f-407a-88bb-902972db40db']

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


THE MILLY SOO BAND on Music Stage at ?
For lovers of the Great American Songbook and those who would like to explore the lesser known hits of yesteryear.
Their Jazz singer Mary specialises in classic jazz and vintage sounds from the 30s to today's standards and covers. Influences include Julie London, Peggy Lee, Frank Sinatra, Doris Day, Sarah Vaughn and of course Ella and Billie.
Most describe Mary as possessing a smooth velvety voice - relaxing and soothing.
Together Mary and John make a good combination as guitarist John sports a unique talent and variety of styles and with his expertise complemented by Win on double bass "this girl makes her bass sing" and Sandor on drums; the engine of the band, creates a varied and lively groove.
TRACKBAX on Music Stage at ?
We are a five piece band, playing both pubs and clubs. For pubs we play a rockier set but also do a more traditional club set. Or a mixture of both. Your choice.
DAMO AND THE DYNAMITES on Music Stage at ?
Damo And The Dynamites are a classic, old-school Rockabilly three-piece, with plenty of original Rock'n'Roll from the Fifties and, when the mood takes us, lots of early Elvis too. Jivetastic!
We are based in Harrow so we're local to the Autoshow; we played there last year and we're delighted to be invited back.
We take social media seriously and will happily collaborate with venues and promoters in spreading the news across platforms.
We video all our gigs, and the best footage makes it onto YouTube (by permission, where appropriate). Follow us and tag us!
BIG AZZA & THE JUKESTERS on Music Stage at ?
Big Azza & The Jukesters are a group of top quality musicians, born from great friendships, musical magic and mutual respect.
A Harmonica led 4 / 5 piece band playing R&B, Jump Jive, Swing & Blues just how they should be played. Top quality music for any event.


I taught a class last night on how to photograph water droplets. Here is a diagram that shows how it was done. For the droplet to be completely frozen the flash should be turned down to its lowest setting 1/128. This will make the flash fire for a shorter duration allowing the drop to be frozen. The shutter speed really doesn't matter for this task as it is the flash that freezes the motion. The shutter speed will only affect the ambient light which you want to try and eliminate. I used a speed of 1/60, but anything under 1/250 (flash sync speed) will be fine. I used my lowest ISO (less noise) and an aperture of f.8. This gives a nice clear image and makes the whole droplet in focus. The flash should be fired at the background, this makes the surface of the water reflect whatever is on the background meaning that you cant see though the water to the base of your tray. To change the colours of your image you could either change the colour of the background, add food colouring to the water, or change your white balance settings (this is what I did).


In 2001, I had a job writing brochures for an HVAC company. In lieu of complete and utter despair, I surfed the net pretty much constantly. Two of my favorite sites were misterpants.com and cardhouse.com--I'm pretty sure I first found Metafilter through a link on one of those sites. I remember the link description that intrigued me: Who are these people?
One of my first comments in a thread said something about "mumble dogface banana patch". And a mysterious email appeared in my inbox soon after, from a mysterious person called "jpoulos". He rightly corrected my reference to: "May I mambo dogface in the banana patch".
And I knew I was home.
I met jpoulos years later, in an opium den in Marrakesh, and he decried any knowledge of this incident.
Lots of great memories of 9622.net with all the gang. I miss you all. Especially Skeleton Warrior.


text:
HP TECH TAKES /...
Exploring today's technology for tomorrow's possibilities
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What is Mixed Reality?
Dwight Pavlovic
The term "mixed reality" typically describes a system that blends the physical world with virtual environments and digital information. As the name implies, a mixed reality system allows you to experience a combination of the real world and digital effects. Broadly speaking, the goal of a mixed reality system is to connect physical and virtual objects.
With mixed reality technology, these connections are intended to help users share and enhance their experience within the system. The experience ranges from simple concepts, like wearable biometrics and games, to profoundly immersive test systems, like the original prototypes designed in the 1990s.
There's also a growing middle range full of home and business applications. As the technology evolves, the term will continue to encompass this variety of applications, but they'll all be created with the goal of overlapping physical reality and designed environments.
By using a variety of tracking and sensing technologies, the physical and virtual worlds are coordinated and overlaid with one another to create what we see as mixed reality. As a result, your location in a physical space can correspond with the digital.
This creates a basic framework for new interactions based on the overlap, in which your location or task can potentially be connected to a whole range of digital interactions.
This is the basic premise of augmented reality - expanding the real world by linking it with more complex, adaptive, and intelligent digital overlays. As much as the technologies involved have changed over time, mixed reality has only risen to prominence quite recently.
Origins of the term and the first mixed reality systems
While the term "mixed reality" has become more common these days, the first actual mixed reality setup was designed by scientist Louis Rosenberg in 1992 [1]. He crafted an immersive remote operator system at the now-defunct United States Air Force's Armstrong Labs in Texas.
Rosenberg integrated the three most critical human senses (sight, sound, and touch) with a basic exoskeleton, two remote-controlled robots, and a powerful headset system that used magnification to match the proportions of the robots to the human user.
The equipment was a successful proof of concept that introduced engineers and designers to an incredible new idea.
With this system, Rosenberg was interested in how safety could be improved for people working hazardous or difficult jobs that still require human supervision. Heavier workloads or specialized tasks could be accomplished by a robotic body with the human mind as the pilot.
It's a fitting advancement when you consider that many early applications centered on training practices for complex tasks.
Virtual fixtures and the virtuality continuum
While Rosenberg used the term "virtual fixtures" to describe his system, researchers Paul Milgram and Fumio Kishino coined the term "mixed reality" in 1994 [2]. They were writing about a "virtuality continuum" to help contextualize different sorts of augmented experiences [3].
Rosenberg's designs anticipated a variety of uses for the system, while Milgram and Kishino intended to clarify the field's working terminology for other scientists and engineers.
After developing his system, Rosenberg continued his work with a string of other developments and companies related to virtual reality, rendering, and artificial intelligence. He was mostly interested in advancing the more balanced synthesis needed for truly immersive systems.
Rosenberg's companies experimented with haptic technology for wearable devices and a whole range of 3D digitization techniques used in films. His Immersion Corporation famously sued Apple in 2016 for claimed infringements against his widespread haptic technology [4]. And in 2017, Immersion announced its expansion to gaming by implementing its tech with the widely used Unity gaming engine.
Rosenberg's involvement in the tech landscape is longstanding, and his work has found multiple applications over the years.
How does mixed reality connect to VR or augmented reality?
Augmented reality is essentially a form of mixed reality
Despite technological advances and new products, there is still frequent confusion surrounding this terminology because of the scope of each expression and the relationships they describe.
Milgram and Kishino used the term "mixed reality" to describe the full range of augmented experiences that a person may have.
While some of their other ideas aren't as commonly discussed, their main vision helps distinguish between different applications. Primarily, they understood that how you experience mixed reality depends on the technology you have available.
Mediated reality
There is also some overlap with the concept of a mediated reality, an older expression that describes an entire spectrum of interactions and applications done via computer.
The distinction here is control, because mediated reality describes the entire range of interactions. A mediated reality is anything that relies on an external system to augment reality or combine both the real world and virtual environments. Most of the confusion has to do with how the terms have been used during periods of major development.
Virtual or augmented reality
As the technology diversifies in how it's used, something that began as a specialist technology begins looking more like the next stage in human-computer interactions. As a result, it needs to be called something other than "virtual reality."
For now, "mixed reality" is generally used consistently with Milgram and Kishino's original definition to explain an entire range of experiences, and often includes virtual reality, augmented reality, and the less frequently used "augmented virtuality."
So how does the technology work?
As we've shown, the definition of "mixed reality" covers a variety of physical-virtual experiences. Similarly, the associated technology is just as wide-ranging and includes the following:
The haptic technology associated with movement tracking
The visual tech that helps render virtual and augmented realities
But how does it work exactly?
Computer mediation
In addition to the technology itself, mixed reality depends on a device to mediate or connect the virtual and the real.
Typically, a computer is used to receive and interpret input from a human user's physical reality and their virtual interactions. The same device also typically generates the virtual environment, so these experiences depend on processing power.
Some of the most noticeable developments focus on improving information from users. Typically, feedback comes from simple tools, such as a wired glove or location information. Augmented reality systems can be as straightforward as a smartphone app like Pokémon Go, but more immersion requires more elaborate equipment.
Unfortunately the most complex systems aren't exactly accessible to the general public right now, but new mixed reality products are certainly beginning to compete for attention.
Motion-tracking technology
To facilitate more complex interactions, like those performed by Rosenberg, developers often incorporate other elements into mixed reality setups. These often include motion-tracking tech found in haptic gloves, more streamlined exoskeletons, and controllers.
While it's true that early mixed reality headsets were less dynamic and clunkier than the latest technology, they all have the same goal: accurately syncing key factors, like the direction of your eyes, with a virtual environment.
The headset is crucial because it's the primary source of input for the user. It also marks a boundary between less complex, projector-based systems, versus the true immersion that's possible with a semi-enclosed headset.
Optics and imaging
Mixed reality also depends heavily on graphics technology. And as this technology improves, we'll see bigger, better, and more nuanced experiences for users.
There are many visual technologies and techniques that help push the field for mixed reality forward and sometimes they're inspired by real-world uses. Consider the story of Steve Mann, one of the inventors of high-dynamic-range (HDR) imaging. He explained his inspiration for creating HDR in an interview [5]:
My grandfather taught me how to weld as a child. When welding, you see only a little speck of light, and everything else is almost completely black. I thought there must be a better way of doing this, so I invented HDR to help people see.
In Mann's example, advanced imaging facilitates augmented reality functions that could help exaggerate the "little speck of light" his grandfather had to follow into something easier to work with.
Gaming potential and office applications
The potential for mixed reality gaming and office devices are massive and becoming limited only by the imagination or desired use.
In the past few years, there has been an explosion of new apps and games designed with mixed reality in mind. In PC gaming, the idea is simple: take the physically passive activity and rework it for mixed reality. This has led to adaptations of exploration games, ambient experiences, and a variety of fun environments designed for freedom play.
Some focus on solving puzzles like The Talos Principle VR, while others provide humorous takes on traditional activities like Job Simulator. Many others center on different ways of getting immersed in physics, such as the simplistic wall-climbing game Climbey.
Beyond gaming, developers are also looking into using augmented reality to facilitate office work and collaboration. For example, Microsoft® has designed integrated systems that support new routines and equipment. With their powerful new headset-based Microsoft HoloLens, the focus is on information, design, and facilitating collaboration.
For designers and engineers especially, it's easy to see how a mixed reality system could be helpful to bring projects to life or provide extra layers of information as you engage with virtually any complex task.
Other general applications for mixed reality technology
There are other uses for mixed reality technology that go beyond gaming, design, and science. While we've already discussed the idea of remotely operated equipment or exploration, the full range of possibilities stretches from the mundane to the incredible.
As a tool for training and education, mixed reality has far-reaching applications, such as providing opportunities to enrich basic learning. Imagine students being able to experience interactive models of ancient cities, all from their classroom. And when you couple this with data-driven applications, the potential for education is almost unparalleled.
The integrated Windows Mixed Reality system
Microsoft's Windows Mixed Reality platform is among the systems available with benefits for both entertainment and business. It starts with a compatible Windows 10 laptop or desktop PC as the base, and then users wear a headset and controllers to play and interact with the growing number of VR games and apps.
The latter can include everything from simply talking with your friends to building your own virtual home. As with Microsoft's HoloLens system, the emphasis is on improving access to digital content and improving your real-world experience.
VR-enabled products and the HP Mixed Reality Headset
With ever more games and apps being designed for VR, existing software is constantly being ported to the different VR systems.
At HP®, we have a number of different ways for you to experience this brand-new tech, including a wearable VR backpack, VR workstation PCs, and the HP Windows Mixed Reality Headset.
If you're looking to embrace the future, you have multiple options to turn that thought into a reality today.
[1] IEEE, Virtual Fixtures: Perceptual tools for Telerobotic Manipulation
[2] IEICE Transactions on Information Systems, Taxonomy of Mixed Reality Visual Displays
[3] Etclab; Augmented Reality: A class of displays on the reality-virtuality continuum
[4] Recode.net, Immersion Sues Apple for Patent Infringement Over Touch Feedback
[5] IEEE, Q&A with Steve Mann
About the Author: Dwight Pavlovic is a contributing writer for HP® Tech Takes. Dwight is a music and technology writer based out of West Virginia.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Why didn't Holdo reveal her plan?
(Spoilers for Star Wars Episode 8: The Last Jedi.)
Why didn't Admiral Holdo just reveal the escape plan to Poe?
Even if she was afraid there might be a mole on the Resistance ship and the secret would get out to the First Order, she didn't have to reveal it to everyone, just the hot-headed pilot on the verge of mutiny.
plot-explanation star-wars the-last-jedi
mzywiolmzywiol
Because, as Poe so clearly demonstrated, Admiral Holdo most likely knew Poe would be against the idea. – Charles Jan 15 '18 at 3:04
"as Poe so clearly demonstrated" I don't think that's true. Poe reacted the way he did because he was being stonewalled. Also consider that once Leia explained the situation to him, he was immediately on board. I understand that what you are saying was the intent of the movie given Poe's overall character arc, but its presentation seemed to actively contradict that theme. – ViggyNash Jan 15 '18 at 6:06
because the director needed a reason for Poe to go on a mission? – njzk2 Jan 15 '18 at 6:50
she didn't have to reveal it to everyone, just the hot-headed pilot on the verge of mutiny. Generally speaking, the hot-headed employees are the ones you least want to tell secrets vital to the success of your plan / your survival. Hindsight, as they say, is 20/20, but in the moment, I don't agree with the idea that it was "obviously better" to make an exception for someone like Poe. – Steve-O Jan 15 '18 at 14:20
@ViggyNash Once Poe found out about the evacuation, he was outraged, and called Admiral Holdo a coward and a traitor. It wasn't until after Admiral Holdo sacrificed herself by staying with the ship, coupled with the nature of Poe & Leia's relationship, that Poe was open-minded enough to listen to the plan, and see value in it. IMO, even if Holdo did explain the plan to Poe, he would still have considered it abandonment, and would have strongly disagreed. – Charles Jan 15 '18 at 15:21
This happens for four major reasons:
Admiral Holdo doesn't trust Poe, given his recent dreadnaught plan.
Upon meeting Holdo, Poe disagrees with her plan without even knowing it.
Vice Admiral Holdo is Poe's ranking officer and doesn't have to answer to him.
According to Leia, Holdo didn't want the attention of being considered a hero.
1. Admiral Holdo doesn't trust Poe, given his recent dreadnaught plan.
Once Vice Admiral Holdo took command of the fleet, and after she introduces herself, Poe approaches her to get clarity as to what the current plan is.
POE: Vice Admiral, Commander Dameron. With our current fuel consumption there's a very limited amount of time that we can stay out of range of those star destroyers.
HOLDO: Very kind of you to make me aware..
POE: We need to shake them, before we can find a new base, so, what's our plan?
HOLDO: Our plan? Captain? Not commander, right? Wasn't it Leia's last official act to demote you, for your dreadnaught plan? Where we lost our entire bombing fleet?
POE: Captain, commander, you can call me whatever you like. I just want to know what's going on.
HOLDO: Of course you do, I understand. I've dealt with plenty of trigger happy fly-boys like you. You're impulsive, dangerous, and the last thing we need right now. So stick to your post, and follow my orders.
From the very beginning, Admiral Holdo expresses contempt for Captain Dameron, with her reasons having to do with Poe's general demeanor, and his actions during the dreadnaught debacle. This is clearly expressed by her characterization of Poe, that being impulsive and dangerous.
With Vice Admiral Holdo being a strategist and Poe being a fighter, Poe and Holdo's philosophies are fundamentally different from each other, and as a result, Vice Admiral Holdo felt that she couldn't trust Poe.
Leia also points this out when she demotes Poe, mentioning that not everything can be solved by hopping into a cockpit and blowing stuff up.
2. Upon meeting Holdo, Poe disagrees with her plan without even knowing it.
When first speaking with Vice Admiral Holdo, Poe expresses that he thinks they should shake the star destroyers before finding a new base. Already Poe has disagreed with Admiral Holdo's plan, and has informed her of it, without him even being aware of it.
If Vice Admiral Holdo already knows that Poe will disagree with her plan, then, why would she feel compelled to tell him, only to cause more conflict?
3. Vice Admiral Holdo is Poe's ranking officer and doesn't have to answer to him.
When introducing himself to Vice Admiral Holdo, Poe uses his previous [higher] rank, but Admiral Holdo makes a point to rectify the inaccuracy. This somewhat deceptive introduction could have rubbed Holdo the wrong way, especially considering that she was already aware of Poe's demotion and the reason behind it. At the end of their conversation, this chain of command is reinforced by Holdo telling Poe to just follow her orders.
Additionally, generally speaking, ranking officers don't take too well to having to answer to subordinates, especially to those who are considered to be disobedient and/or reckless.
4. According to Leia, Holdo didn't want the attention of being considered a hero.
Not only was Vice Admiral Holdo reluctant to sharing the plan with Captain Dameron, she also didn't share the plan with near anyone else.
After Leia and Poe are in one of the escape pods, Leia explains to Poe what Holdo's plan was. When providing a reason as to why Holdo didn't make her plan public, she says,
LEIA: She was more interested in protecting the light, than seeming like a hero.
Vice Admiral Holdo and Captain Dameron didn't really know each other, and, from what little Holdo does know about Poe, she obviously doesn't trust him. From this, even if Poe was told the plan and did agree with it, there's still a great amount of uncertainty on Admiral Holdo's end that Poe wouldn't have told others.
Additional reasoning
Admiral Holdo and Poe don't have the same kind of relationship that Poe and Leia do, by any means. Poe and Leia seem to have been working together for quite some time now, and, although Leia wasn't happy about Poe's dreadnaught plan either, she still seems to have an amount of trust/respect/tolerance for him. As far as Poe and Holdo go though, Poe had only heard about Admiral Holdo up until then, and, as for Holdo, perhaps she only knows of Poe because of his dreadnaught plan.
Vice Admiral Holdo's plan was, I'm sure, on a need-to-know basis, similarly to how Poe contextualized their plan [Poe, Finn, and Rose's]. Given this, since the plan was evacuation and not dog-fighting, there's no reason for Poe to be briefed on the details, and he should simply wait for orders.
.. she didn't have to reveal it to everyone, just the hot-headed pilot on the verge of mutiny.
The risk of a mutiny didn't occur until after Poe became aware of the evacuation. And, upon him finding out, Poe got outraged and called Admiral Holdo a coward and a traitor. I don't think these are motivating factors for Admiral Holdo to share her plan.
CharlesCharles
I thought it was because Poe needs to learn to trust the people in charge. He's a hothead. He thinks his plans are the best. He argues with authority, and if he loses the argument, he does what he feels like anyway. Holdo is showing him how to be part of a well-organized, trusting team - how to be a gear instead of the motor that drives all the gears. Nobody else in the Resistance was questioning Holdo's plan. They were just carrying out their part of it so that it could succeed. Poe needs to learn how to do that too.
BrettFromLABrettFromLA
While I agree with what you wrote, risking the safety and lives of the Rebels and the whole fleet is too much of a price for giving your subordinate a lesson in chain of command :( – mzywiol Jan 16 '18 at 21:27
Was the safety and lives of the Rebels and the fleet at risk by Holdo not telling Poe the plan? It's been a while since I saw the movie. – BrettFromLA Jan 16 '18 at 22:13
Well, not telling Poe what the plan is (or even that there is one) prompted him to come up with his own, which in the end jeopardized the plan itself and almost brought doom to what was left of the whole Resistance. So, I'd say, it definitely was a risk. – mzywiol Jan 17 '18 at 9:05
@mzywiol Oh wow, really good point. There probably would have been a much better time to teach him that lesson (if that's what she was doing). – BrettFromLA Jan 17 '18 at 14:37
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text:
CEN/TC 302 - Milk and milk products - Methods of sampling and analysis
Standardization in the field of methods of sampling and analysis in the field of milk and milk products.
Mleko in mlečni izdelki - Vzorčenje in analizne metode
C01 - Food products
CEN - CEN TC
Standardization Organization
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CEN ISO/TS 23758:2021(Main)
Guidelines for the validation of qualitative screening methods for the detection of residues of veterinary drugs in milk and milk products (ISO/TS 23758:2021)
SIST-TS CEN ISO/TS 23758:2021
This document describes general workflows and protocols for the validation and the verification of qualitative screening tests for the detection of residues of veterinary drugs in liquid milk (raw, pasteurized, UHT and reconstituted milk powders and whey protein extracts) including biological methods. This guideline does not cover the validation of residue analysis by HPLC, UHPLC or LC-MS/MS.
This document is intended to be useful for manufacturers of screening test kits, laboratories validating screening methods or tests, competent authorities and dairies or end users of reagents or tests for the detection of veterinary drug residues in milk products. This document facilitates and improves the validation and verification of screening methods. The goals of this document are a harmonization in validation of methods or test kits in order for all stakeholders to have full trust in the result of residue screening and to limit the overlap and multiplication of validation work in different laboratories by sharing the validation results generated by an independent laboratory. Furthermore, a harmonized validation and verification procedure allows for comparison of the performance of different screening methods.
This document does not imply that all end users are bound to perform all verification work proposed.
The verification of the correct use of reagents/kits for the detection of antimicrobials is not part of the scope of this document.
EN ISO 5534:2004/AC:2013(Corrigendum)
Cheese and processed cheese - Determination of the total solids content (Reference method) - Technical Corrigendum 1 (ISO 5534:2004/Cor 1:2013)
SIST EN ISO 5534:2004/AC:2013
2013-05-15 LVO: Text arrived in ISO/CS (see notification of 2013-05-13 in dataservice).
EN ISO 8968-3:2007/AC:2012(Corrigendum)
Milk - Determination of nitrogen content - Part 3: Block-digestion method (Semi-micro rapid routine method) - Technical Corrigendum 1 (ISO 8968-3:2004/Cor 1:2011)
SIST EN ISO 8968-3:2007/AC:2012
2011-10-03 - KA - French version only
EN ISO 13366-1:2008/AC:2009(Corrigendum)
Milk - Enumeration of somatic cells - Part 1: Microscopic method (Reference method) (ISO 13366-1:2008/Cor 1:2009)
SIST EN ISO 13366-1:2008/AC:2009
ISO - Taking over of an ISO Technical Corrigendum
Milk - Enumeration of somatic cells - Part 2: Guidance on the operation of fluoro-opto-electronic counters (ISO 13366-2:2006)
CMC - Superseding information
English, French and German language
EN ISO 5943:2006(Main)
Cheese and processed cheese products - Determination of chloride content - Potentiometric titration method (ISO 5943:2004)
SIST EN ISO 5943:2007
The International Standard describes a method for the determination of chloride content using a potentiometric titration method.
EN ISO 14673-2:2004(Main)
Milk and milk products - Determination of nitrate and nitrite contents - Part 2: Method using segmented flow analysis (Routine method) (ISO 14673-2:2004)
ISO 14673-2|IDF 189-2:2004 specifies a routine method for the determination of the nitrate and nitrite contents of milk and milk products by segmented flow analysis. The method is applicable to milk, cheese, and liquid and dried milk products and infant foods.
Milk and milk products - Determination of nitrate and nitrite contents - Part 1: Method using cadmium reduction and spectrometry (ISO 14673-1:2004)
ISO 14673-1|IDF 189-1:2004 specifies a method for the determination of the nitrate and nitrite contents of milk and milk products by cadmium reduction and spectrometry. The method is applicable to: whole and partly skimmed and skimmed dried milk; hard, semi-hard and soft cheeses; processed cheese; whey cheese, caseins and caseinates and dried whey.
The method may be performed using automatic equipment, in particular by segmented flow analysis (SFA) or flow injection analysis (FIA), thus reducing cadmium contamination in laboratory work places and waste water.
Milk and milk products - Determination of nitrate and nitrite contents - Part 3: Method using cadmium reduction and flow injection analysis with in-line dialysis (Routine method) (ISO 14673-3:2004)
ISO 14673-3|IDF 189-3:2004 specifies a routine method for the determination of the nitrate and nitrite contents of milk and milk products by cadmium reduction and flow injection analysis (FIA). The method is applicable to hard, semi-hard and soft cheeses of various ages, and processed cheese. The detection limits of the method are 0,5 mg of nitrate ions per kilogram and 1,0 mg of nitrite ions per kilogram, respectively.
The method is also applicable to whey powder, milk powder and milk-based infant food.
EN ISO 17189:2003(Main)
Butter, edible oil emulsions and spreadable fats - Determination of fat content (Reference method) (ISO 17189:2003)
ISO 17189|IDF 194:2003 specifies a method for the determination of the fat content of butter, edible oil emulsions and spreadable fats (margarine, vegetable oil spreads, dairy spreads and blended spreads).
Milk and milk products - Guidelines for the standardized description of immunoassays or receptor assays for the detection of antimicrobial residues (ISO 18330:2003)
ISO 18330|IDF 188:2003 gives guidelines for the standardized description of immunoassays or receptor assays for the detection of antimicrobial residues in milk and milk products.
It is intended to provide a framework and basis for the evaluation/validation of tests based on the binding of an antimicrobial compound to its specific antibody or to other types of detecting molecules.
In addition to immunoassays [e.g. enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) and radio-immunoassay (RIA)], there are several quantitative, semi-quantitative and qualitative test formats based on the binding of antimicrobial compounds to microbial receptors or to receptor proteins. Enzymatic assays and particle-based assays based on receptor proteins are referred to as receptor assays in ISO 18330|IDF 188:2003.
EN ISO 3727-3:2003(Main)
Butter - Determination of moisture, non-fat solids and fat contents - Part 3: Calculation of fat content (ISO 3727-3:2003)
SIST EN ISO 3727-3:2003
ISO 3727-3|IDF 80-3:2003 specifies a method for the calculation of the fat content of butter.
Milk and milk products - Guidelines for a standardized description of competitive enzyme immunoassays - Determination of aflatoxin M1 content (ISO 14675:2003)
ISO 14675|IDF186:2002 give guidelines on the use of screening methods used for the determination of aflatoxin M1 content in milk and milk products, based upon competitive enzyme immuno-assays.
For legal purposes, positive enzyme immunoassay results require confirmation by an accepted reference method. However, depending on whether the test complies with the specifications given hereafter, enzyme immunoassays can be used for routine quality control, especially when the absence of aflatoxin M1 above the regulatory limit needs to be documented.
Milk and milk products - Determination of nitrogen content - Routine method using combustion according to the Dumas principle (ISO 14891:2002)
ISO 14891|IDF 185:2002 specifies a routine method for the determination of the total nitrogen content of milk and milk products.
Butter - Determination of moisture, non-fat solids and fat contents - Part 2: Determination of non-fat solids content (Reference method) (ISO 3727-2:2001)
TC forecasts updated : delay with the directives ( TC forecasts updating exercise.sj 00-11-09)++
Butter - Determination of moisture, non-fat solids and fat contents - Part 1: Determination of moisture content (Reference method) (ISO 3727-1:2001)
Milk and milk products - Determination of alkaline phosphatase activity - Part 2: Fluorimetric method for cheese (ISO/DIS 11816-2:2022)
ISO 11816-2:2016|IDF 155-2:2016 specifies a fluorimetric method for the determination of alkaline phosphatase (ALP, EC 3.1.3.1) activity in cheese.
This method is applicable to soft cheeses, semi-hard and hard cheeses provided that the mould is only on the surface of the cheese and not also in the inner part (e.g. blue veined cheeses). For large hard cheeses, specific conditions of sampling apply (see Clause 7).
The instrument can read activities in the supernatant up to 7 000 milliunits per litre (mU/l).
Milk and milk products - Determination of alkaline phosphatase activity - Part 1: Fluorimetric method for milk and milk-based drinks (ISO/DIS 11816-1:2022)
ISO 11816-1|IDF 155-1:2013 specifies a fluorimetric method for the determination of alkaline phosphatase (ALP, EC 3.1.3.1) activity in raw and heat-treated whole milk, semi-skimmed milk, skimmed milk and flavoured milks. This method is applicable to milk and milk-based drinks from cows, sheep and goats. It is also applicable to milk powder after reconstitution.
The instrument can read activities up to 7 000 milliunits per litre (mU/l). If the activity is higher than 7 000 mU/l, it is diluted with alkaline phosphatase-free milk so as to obtain a measurement not higher than 7 000 mU/l.
prEN ISO 5537(Main)
Dried milk and dried milk products - Determination of moisture content (Reference method) (ISO/DIS 5537:2022)
oSIST prEN ISO 5537:2023
This deliverable specifies a method for the determination of the moisture content of all types of dried milk. The revised version will include the results of a recently conducted interlaboratory study in whey powders, dairy permeate powders, cream powder and powdered infant formula in ISO 5537|IDF 26 to further underpin the extent of its scope.
Cheese and processed cheese products, caseins and caseinates - Determination of fat content - Gravimetric method (ISO 23319:2022)
This document specifies a method for the determination of the fat content of all types of cheese and processed cheese products containing lactose of below 5 % (mass fraction) of non-fat solids, and all types of caseins and caseinates.
The method is not applicable to fresh cheese types containing, for example, fruits, syrup or muesli. For such products, the Schmid-Bondzynski-Ratzlaff (SBR) principle is not applicable due to high concentrations of sugars. For these products, the method using the Weibull-Berntrop principle (see ISO 8262-3 | IDF 124-3) is appropriate.
Cheese - Guidance on sample preparation for physical and chemical testing (ISO 24223:2021)
This document gives guidance on the sample preparation of fresh cheese, (semi)soft cheese, (semi)hard cheese, processed cheese and whey cheese for physical and chemical analysis, including analysis by applying instrumental methods.
This document describes the (sub)sampling, and sample preparation steps carried out after sampling according to ISO 707 | IDF 50 and prior to method-specific sample preparations, e.g. as with analytical methods listed in References [2] to [22].
NOTE Analysis on volatile substances, minor components or allergens can require additional precautionary measures in sample preparation in order to avoid loss of or contamination with one or more target analytes.
Cheese and processed cheese products - Determination of fat content - Gravimetric method (Reference method) (ISO 1735:2004)
ISO 1735|IDF 5:2004 specifies the reference method for the determination of the fat content of all types of cheese and processed cheese products having lactose contents of below 5 % (mass fraction) of non-fat solids.
Milk and milk powder - Determination of aflatoxin M1 content - Clean-up by immunoaffinity chromatography and determination by high-performance liquid chromatography (ISO 14501:2021)
This document specifies a method for the determination of aflatoxin M1 content in milk and milk powder. The lowest level of validation is 0,08 µg/kg for whole milk powder, i.e. 0,008 µg/l for reconstituted liquid milk. The limit of detection (LOD) is 0,05 μg/kg for milk powder and 0,005 μg/kg for liquid milk. The limit of quantification (LOQ) is 0,1 μg/kg for milk powder and 0,01 μg/kg for liquid milk.
The method is also applicable to low-fat milk, skimmed milk, low-fat milk powder and skimmed milk powder.
Milk - Quantitative determination of microbiological quality - Guidance for establishing and verifying a conversion relationship between results of an alternative method and anchor method results (ISO 21187:2021)
This document gives guidelines for the establishment of a conversion relationship between the results of an alternative method and an anchor method, and its verification for the quantitative determination of the microbiological quality of milk.
NOTE The conversion relationship can be used a) to convert results from an alternative method to the anchor basis or b) to convert results/limits, expressed on an anchor basis, to results in units of an alternative method.
Infant formula and adult nutritionals - Determination of fructans - High performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) after enzymatic treatment (ISO 22579:2020)
This document specifies a method for the determination of inulin-type fructans (including oligofructose, fructooligosaccharides) in infant formula and adult nutritionals (both powder and liquid) containing 0,03 g/100 g to 5,0 g/100 g of fructans in the product as prepared ready for consumption.
The method has been validated in a multi laboratory study[1] with reconstituted standard reference material (SRM), infant/adult nutritional formula at a level of 0,204 g/100 g, adult nutritionals ready-to-feed (RTF) at levels of 1,28 g/100 g and 2,67 g/100 g, infant formula RTF at a level of 0,300 g/100 g, reconstituted follow-up formula at levels of 0,209 g/100 g to 0,275 g/100 g, reconstituted infant formula at levels from 0,030 8 g/100 g to 0,264 g/100 g. During the single laboratory validation study[2], spike-recovery experiments were performed up to 5 g/100 g in reconstituted infant formula powders (milk-based, partially hydrolysed milk-based and soy-based), adult nutritional RTF and reconstituted adult nutritional powders.
Milk and milk products - Determination of the sugar contents - High performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection method (HPAEC-PAD) (ISO 22184:2021)
This document specifies the quantitative liquid chromatographic determination of specific sugars (galactose, glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose and maltose) in various milk and milk products, applying arabinose as an internal standard.
The method is applicable to the following dairy matrices: milk, sweetened condensed milk, milk powder, cheese, whey powder, infant formula, milk dessert and yoghurt.
The method does not apply to dairy products containing soy or to the determination of the lactose content in low-lactose milk products at levels below 1 mg/g.
A high performance anion exchange chromatography method in combination with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) method is applied[5][3][4]. With this method, thirteen different monosaccharides, disaccharides and trisaccharides can be separated: fucose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose, lactulose, maltose, melibiose, trehalose, isomaltulose and maltotriose.
The method is applicable to labelling for the six most important sugars that can be present by nature or by addition in milk and milk products. The method does not apply to sugar contents less than 0,1 %.
ISO 14501│IDF 171:2007 specifies a method for the determination of aflatoxin M1 content in milk and milk powder. The limit of detection is 0,08 µg/kg for whole milk powder, i.e. 0,008 µg/l for reconstituted liquid milk.
The method is also applicable to low fat milk, skimmed milk, low fat milk powder, and skimmed milk powder.
Milk - Quantitative determination of bacteriological quality - Guidance for establishing and verifying a conversion relationship between routine method results and anchor method results (ISO 21187:2004)
ISO 21187|IDF 196:2004 gives guidelines for the establishment of a conversion relationship between the results of a routine method and an anchor method, and its verification for the quantitative determination of the bacteriological quality of milk.
Infant formula and adult nutritionals -Determination of total iodine - Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (ISO 20647:2015)
ISO 20647:2015 specifies a method for the quantitative determination of total iodine in infant formula and adult nutritional formula.[1] The method is applicable to the measurement of total iodine in infant formula and adult nutritional formula from 0,5 µg/100g to 1 500 µg/100g reconstituted final product and for ready-to-feed products from 2,5 µg/100 g to 1 000 µg/100 g using ICP-MS.
Using various infant formula and adult nutritional products, the method was subjected to an interlaboratory study. Levels obtained ranged from 3,47 µg/100 g to 124 µg/100 g. For all precision data related to the interlaboratory study, see Table A.1 located in Annex A.
Milk, milk products, infant formula and adult nutritionals - Determination of fatty acids composition - Capillary gas chromatographic method (ISO 16958:2015)
ISO 16958:2015 specifies a method for the quantification of individual and/or all fatty acids in the profile of milk, milk products, infant formula and adult nutritional formula, containing milk fat and/or vegetable oils, supplemented or not supplemented with oils rich in long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA). This also includes groups of fatty acids often labelled [i.e. trans fatty acids (TFA), saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), omega-3, omega-6 and omega-9 fatty acids] and/or individual fatty acids [i.e. linoleic acid (LA), α-linolenic acid (ALA), arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)].
The determination is performed by direct transesterification in food matrices, without prior fat extraction, and consequently it is applicable to liquid samples or reconstituted powder samples with water having total fat ≥ 1,5 % m/m.
The fat extracted from products containing less than 1,5 % m/m fat can be analysed with the same method after a preliminary fat extraction using methods referenced in Clause 2. Dairy products, like soft or hard cheeses with acidity level ≤ 1 mmol/100 g of fat, can be analysed after a preliminary fat extraction using methods referenced in Clause 2. For products supplemented or enriched with PUFA with fish oil or algae origins, the evaporation of solvents should be performed at the lowest possible temperature (e.g. max. 40 °C) to recover these sensitive fatty acids.
Milk, milk products, infant formula and adult nutritionals - Determination of minerals and trace elements - Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) method (ISO 15151:2018)
Le présent document spécifie une méthode de détermination quantitative de la teneur en calcium (Ca), cuivre (Cu), fer (Fe), magnésium (Mg), manganèse (Mn), phosphore (P), potassium (K), sodium (Na) et zinc (Zn) par spectrométrie d'émission atomique avec plasma induit par haute fréquence (ICP-AES). La méthode est applicable au lait, au lait en poudre, au beurre, au fromage, au lactosérum, au lactosérum en poudre, aux formules infantiles et aux produits nutritionnels pour adultes dans les plages données dans le Tableau 1.
Milk, milk products, infant formula and adult nutritionals - Determination of minerals and trace elements - Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method (ISO 21424:2018)
This document specifies a method for the quantitative determination of calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sodium (Na), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo) and selenium (Se) using inductively coupled plasma and mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
The method is applicable for the determination of all 12 elements in infant formula and adult nutritional products. The method is also applicable for milk, milk powder, whey powder, butter and cheese excluding the determination of Cr, because all Cr results were below the quantification limit and reproducibility could not be determined in these matrices[1]. The present method is an extension of ISO 20649 | IDF 235 (AOAC 2011.19[2]) which was validated only for Cr, Mo and Se in infant formula and adult nutritional products.
Milk - Bacterial count - Protocol for the evaluation of alternative methods (ISO 16297:2020)
This document specifies a protocol for the evaluation of instrumental alternative methods for total bacterial count in raw milk from animals of different species.
NOTE The document is complementary to ISO 16140-2 and ISO 8196 | IDF 128 (all parts).
ISO 16297|IDF161:2013 gives guidelines for the evaluation of instrumental alternative methods for total bacterial count in raw milk from animals of different species.
Milk and milk products - Determination of milk fat purity by gas chromatographic analysis of triglycerides (ISO 17678:2019)
This document specifies a reference method for the determination of milk fat purity using gas chromatographic analysis of triglycerides. The method utilizes the differences in triglyceride fingerprint of milk fat from the individual triglyceride fingerprints of other fats and oils to determine samples which are outside the range normally observed for milk fat. This is achieved by using the defined triglyceride formulae based on the normalized weighted sum of individual triglyceride peaks which are sensitive to the integrity of the milk[6][7]. The integrity of the milk fat can be determined by comparing the result of these formulae with those previously observed for a range of pure milk fat samples[12]. Both vegetable fats and animal fats such as beef tallow and lard can be detected.
The method is applicable to bulk milk, or products made thereof, irrespective of the variation in common feeding practices, breed or lactation conditions. In particular, the method is applicable to fat extracted from milk products purporting to contain pure milk fat with unchanged composition, such as butter, cream, milk and milk powder.
Because a false-positive result can occur, the method does not apply to milk fat related to these circumstances:
a) obtained from bovine milk other than cow's milk;
b) obtained from single cows;
c) obtained from cows whose diet contained a particularly high proportion of vegetable oils such as rapeseed, cotton or palm oil, etc.;
d) obtained from cows suffering from serious underfeeding (strong energy deficit);
e) obtained from colostrum;
f) subjected to technological treatment such as removal of cholesterol or fractionation;
g) obtained from skim milk, buttermilk or whey;
h) obtained from cheeses showing increased lipolysis;
i) extracted using the Gerber, Weibull?Berntrop or Schmid?Bondzynski?Ratzlaff methods, or that has been isolated using detergents (e.g. the Bureau of Dairy Industries method).
With the extraction methods specified in i), substantial quantities of partial glycerides or phospholipids can pass into the fat phase.
NOTE 1 In nature, butyric (n-butanoic) acid (C4) occurs exclusively in milk fat and enables quantitative estimations of low to moderate amounts of milk fat in vegetable and animal fats to be made. Due to the large variation of C4, for which the approximate content ranges from 3,1 % fat mass fraction to 3,8 % fat mass fraction, it is difficult to provide qualitative and quantitative information for foreign fat to pure milk fat ratios of up to 20 % mass fraction[11].
NOTE 2 In practice, quantitative results cannot be derived from the sterol content of vegetable fats, because they depend on production and processing conditions. Furthermore, the qualitative determination of foreign fat using sterols is ambiguous.
NOTE 3 Due to special feeding practices such as those related to c) and d), false-positive results have sometimes been reported for milk from certain Asian regions[15]. Moreover, grass-only diets such as mountain and, in particular, highland pasture feeding sometimes cause false-positive results, which can be substantiated by a content of conjugated linoleic acid (C18:2 c9t11) of ≥ 1,3 % fatty acid mass fraction[16][17]. Nevertheless, results conforming to the criteria of milk fat purity specified in this document are accepted, even if samples were undoubtedly produced under conditions reported in this note, including those described in h).
NOTE 4 In ca
Milk and milk products - Determination of milk fat purity by gas chromatographic analysis of triglycerides (Reference method) (ISO 17678:2010)
ISO 17678|IDF 202:2010 specifies a reference method for the determination of milk fat purity using gas chromatographic analysis of triglycerides. Both vegetable fats and animal fats such as beef tallow and lard can be detected. By using defined triglyceride equations, the integrity of milk fat is determined.
Basically, the method applies to bulk milk, or products made thereof, irrespective of feeding, breed or lactation conditions. In particular, the method is applicable to fat extracted from milk products purporting to contain pure milk fat with unchanged composition, such as butter, cream, milk, and milk powder.
However, under the circumstances listed hereafter, a false positive result can be obtained. Hence, the method is not applicable to milk fat: a) obtained from bovine milk other than cow's milk; b) obtained from single cows; c) obtained from cows which received an exceptionally high feeding of pure vegetable oils such as rapeseed oil; d) obtained from colostrum; e) subjected to technological treatment such as removal of cholesterol or fractionation; f) obtained from skim milk or buttermilk; g) extracted by using the Gerber, Weibull–Berntrop or Schmid–Bondzynski–Ratzlaff methods, or that has been isolated using detergents (e.g. the Bureau of Dairy Industries method).
With the extraction methods specified in g), substantial quantities of partial glycerides or phospholipids can pass into the fat phase. Consequently, the scope of ISO 17678|IDF 202:2010 excludes certain products and particularly cheese, whose ripening process can also affect the fat composition to such a degree that a false positive result is obtained.
Cheese, cheese rind and processed cheese - Determination of natamycin content - Part 2: High-performance liquid chromatographic method for cheese, cheese rind and processed cheese (ISO 9233-2:2018)
ISO 9233-2 | IDF 140-2:2018 specifies a method for the determination of natamycin mass fraction in cheese, cheese rind and processed cheese of above 0,5 mg/kg and of the surface-area-related natamycin mass in cheese rind of above 0,03 mg/dm2.
Cheese, cheese rind and processed cheese - Determination of natamycin content - Part 1: Molecular absorption spectrometric method for cheese rind (ISO 9233-1:2018)
ISO 9233-1 | IDF 140-1:2018 specifies a method for the determination in cheese rind of natamycin mass fraction of above 0,5 mg/kg and surface-area-related natamycin mass of above 0,03 mg/dm2.
NOTE It is possible that the method is suitable for detecting migration of natamycin into the cheese.
Cheese, cheese rind and processed cheese - Determination of natamycin content - Part 2: High-performance liquid chromatographic method for cheese, cheese rind and processed cheese (ISO 9233-2:2007 including Amd 1:2012)
ISO 9233-2|IDF 140-2:2007 specifies a method for the determination of natamycin mass fraction in cheese, cheese rind and processed cheese of above 0,5 mg/kg and of the surface-area-related natamycin mass in cheese rind of above 0,03 mg/dm2.
Cheese, cheese rind and processed cheese - Determination of natamycin content - Part 1: Molecular absorption spectrometric method for cheese rind (ISO 9233-1:2007 including Amd 1:2012)
ISO 9233-1|IDF 140-1:2007 specifies a method for the determination in cheese rind of natamycin mass fraction of above 0,5 mg/kg and surface-area-related natamycin mass of above 0,03 mg/dm2.
Milk and milk products - Detection of Salmonella spp. (ISO 6785:2001)
ISO 6785|IDF 93:2001 specifies a method for the detection of Salmonella spp. in milk and milk products.
Milk and milk products - Determination of alkaline phosphatase activity - Part 2: Fluorimetric method for cheese (ISO 11816-2:2016)
Milk and milk products - Determination of nitrogen content - Part 4: Determination of protein and non-protein nitrogen content and true protein content calculation (Reference method) (ISO 8968-4:2016)
ISO 8968-4|IDF 20-4:2016 specifies a method for the direct and indirect determination of the protein nitrogen content of liquid, whole or skimmed milk.
Milk and milk products - Determination of alkaline phosphatase activity - Part 2: Fluorometric method for cheese (ISO 11816-2:2003)
ISO 11816-2|IDF 155-2:2003 specifies a fluorometric method for the determination of alkaline phosphatase activity in cheese.
This method is also applicable to soft cheeses and semi-hard cheeses for distinguishing raw milk cheeses from cheese produced with pasteurized milk, provided that the mould is only on the surface and not also in the inner part (e.g. blue-veined cheeses). This method can also be used to check the proper pasteurization of cheese or its raw material.
In large hard cheeses where the whey curd mixture is scalded at temperatures above 50 degrees Celsius, high temperatures remain for a relatively long time. This is especially the case in the centre of these cheeses, thus promoting phosphatase inactivation. To distinguish, therefore, between hard cheeses from raw milk and hard cheeses from pasteurized milk is difficult and often even impossible by this method.
Milk - Determination of nitrogen content - Part 4: Determination of non-protein-nitrogen content - Technical Corrigendum 1 (ISO 8968-4:2001/Cor 1:2011)
Milk - Determination of nitrogen content - Part 5: Determination of protein-nitrogen content (ISO 8968-5:2001)
ISO 8968-5|IDF 20-5:2001 specifies a method for the direct determination of the protein-nitrogen content of liquid milk, whole or skimmed.
An alternative indirect method using calculations is also described.
Milk - Determination of nitrogen content - Part 4: Determination of non-protein nitrogen content (ISO 8968-4:2001)
ISO 8968-4|IDF 20-4:2001 specifies a method for the determination of the non-protein nitrogen content of liquid milk, whole or skimmed.
Milk and milk products - Determination of nitrogen content - Part 1: Kjeldahl principle and crude protein calculation (ISO 8968-1:2014)
ISO 8968-1|IDF 20-1:2014 specifies a method for the determination of the nitrogen content and crude protein calculation of milk and milk products by the Kjeldahl principle, using traditional and block digestion methods. The methods are applicable to: liquid cow's (whole, partially skimmed or skimmed milk), goat's and sheep's whole milk; hard, semi-hard and processed cheese; dried milk and dried milk products (including milk-based infant formulae, milk protein concentrate, whey protein concentrate, casein and caseinate). The methods are not applicable to samples containing ammonium caseinate.
Milk and milk products - Determination of alkaline phosphatase activity - Part 1: Fluorimetric method for milk and milk-based drinks (ISO 11816-1:2013)
Milk - Determination of nitrogen content - Part 2: Block-digestion method (Macro method) (ISO 8968-2:2001)
ISO 8968-2|IDF 20-2:2001 specifies a method for the determination of the nitrogen content of liquid milk, whole or skimmed, by the block-digestion principle.


text:
UL Pushes Security Standards For The Internet Of Broken Things
EU Patent Office Rejects Two Patent Applications In Which An AI Was Designated As The Inventor
Court (Barely) Allows Class Action Lawsuit Over Google's Location Tracking To Move Forward
from the tough-to-cry-'foul'-when-you're-opting-in dept
Thu, Jan 2nd 2020 7:45pm — Tim Cushing
A 2018 lawsuit [PDF] against Google over location tracking survives, but only just. The lawsuit -- filed after a report showed Google was still collecting location data even after users shut off location services on Android phones -- alleges Google violated California laws and privacy protections by tracking users (including children) after it had been told not to.
The lawsuit has been dismissed [PDF], but the court is giving the plaintiffs a chance to amend the lawsuit and suggesting there are issues the court alone can't decide. (via FourthAmendment.com)
The plaintiffs allege they were led to believe Google would no longer collect and store location data when "Location History" was shut off. They cite Google's own support page, which (formerly) stated "With Location History off, the places you go are no longer stored." The court says this language could have misled users, no matter what Google's Privacy Policies and Terms of Services actually said about location data.
Drawing all inferences in favor of Plaintiffs, a reasonable user could believe that disabling Location History prevented Defendant from collecting and storing geolocation data. This conclusion is bolstered by the fact that many people were mislead by the effect of disabling Location History. See, e.g., Compl. ¶ 4. Moreover, the support page Defendant points the Court to was created after this litigation had already commenced. At the time Plaintiffs' original complaints were filed, the page described Web & App Activity as merely a means to "[s]ave your search activity on apps and in browsers to make searches faster." Id., Ex. 28. The page did not expressly state that geolocation data may be collected.
Google argues that users consent to sending location info to Google when using some of its services. That may be, but the court points out people agreeing to send some data to Google when using products like Google Maps is not the same thing as granting Google permission to store that data indefinitely. No good, says the court.
The Court thus rejects Defendant's contention that by consenting to transitory use, Plaintiffs consented to geolocation collection. To the contrary, it is plausible that Plaintiffs gave a narrow consent to geolocation tracking, exclusive of data storage.
Either way, it's probably not going to be settled at this stage of litigation, which is already in its sixteenth month.
It is plausible that Plaintiffs only consented to transitory use tracking and revoked any consent to the storage of their geolocation history. It is also plausible that they did not revoke such consent. The Court cannot conclude either way—factual disputes remain. "This is an issue for the jury." Opperman, 205 F. Supp.3d at 1073 (holding that the plaintiffs produced sufficient evidence showing they did not consent to the defendants' actions). For these reasons, the Court holds Plaintiffs have plead sufficient facts to show they did not consent to the storage of their geolocation information
The court does dismiss the plaintiffs' CIPA (California Invasion of Privacy Act) claims. By conceding they gave Google permission to collect location data when using Maps or checking "showtimes for movies playing nearby," the litigants have undercut this claim.
Hence, Plaintiffs issue is not with Defendant tracking them during application use, rather their issue is with the storage of that data. See Opp. at 3–4 ("[I]n accepting the transitory use of location information for an immediate, discrete purpose, Plaintiffs in no way consented to indefinite storage of their daily locations and movements . . . ."). For this reason, Plaintiffs' CIPA claim fails as a matter of law because CIPA, by its plain terms, is not concerned with data storage but focuses on unconsented data tracking, which is not at issue.
That claim is dismissed with prejudice as the court sees no way the plaintiffs can amend this particular claim to make it actionable.
The California-based invasion of privacy claim fails as well, but not as badly. Invasion of privacy claims are Fourth Amendment-related, but the court sees nothing in Google's actions that could possibly be a Fourth Amendment issue, even with recent Supreme Court decisions expanding citizens' expectations of privacy.
Plaintiffs contend that Defendant's surreptitious collection and storage of comprehensive and highly sensitive location data violates their information privacy rights. Opp. at 15. Even if the collection of granular and specific location data establishes an information privacy interest, Plaintiffs' theory is undercut by the admission that Defendant only tracked and collected data during use of Google services. Accordingly, Defendant's "profile" of a user is only as specific as their use of Google services. Carpenter v. United States and United States v. Jones do not undercut this conclusion.
What Google collected was far less than what the plaintiffs' cellphone providers collected, and yet, the lawsuit only alleges a violation by Google.
First, there was no claim that MetroPCS and Sprint, the phone companies holding the cell-site location information, violated the plaintiff's right of privacy by having such robust geolocation records. Id. at 2212. The case thus does not stand for the proposition that geolocation collection violates the right of privacy.
Second, the cell-site location information discussed in Carpenter was comprehensive—the cell-site location information provided cellular companies with a rough "map" of a customer's fluid movements. Id. at 2211. Such comprehensive data collection is not at issue here; Plaintiffs' geolocation information depends on how often they use Google's services. Defendant's collection of geolocation data is not automatic; it does not happen by the routine "pinging" of a cell-phone tower.
Here, unlike the continual GPS tracking in Jones, not all of Plaintiffs movements were being collected, only specific movements or locations. Such "bits and pieces" do not meet the standard of privacy established in Carpenter or Jones.
This allegation is being allowed to move forward, though. But it probably won't live on for long if the plaintiffs can't find something more specific to allege than a theoretical "mosaic" of the plaintiffs' movements, which possibly included visits to "sensitive or confidential locations."
It's not that Google is in the right if it misled phone users into thinking they weren't being tracked when they were being tracked. It's also not right just because cellphone service providers track location almost continuously. But if the claim is that Google collected users' location data when users utilized services they knew would send that data to Google, then the lawsuit should fail.
Google Location Lawsuit (PDF)
Google Location Lawsuit (Text)
Google Location Lit (PDF)
Google Location Lit (Text)
Filed Under: class action, location history, location tracking
Companies: google
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Anonymous Coward, 2 Jan 2020 @ 10:32pm
Is this the same court that fined that company $1.00 for driveby remote data thefts? They must love that google.
Anonymous Coward, 3 Jan 2020 @ 7:46am
It reminds me that every time there is a (fake) referendum vote over something federal or state allowing citizens to vote on a matter, the government always wins 51-49!
I do not recall any such 'referendum' vote at the federal level in the US.
Alaska law which legalized personal amout of marijuana conflicted with federal law and that matter went up to vote and sure enough 51-49 so the government won probably before you could wipe your own nose. There have been others as well where 51-49 was decidely for government wish. Its a joke. Voting institution was so easy for them to usurp. That is why we are having such a show now pertaining to the vote.
Re: Re: Re: Re:
I was referring to a 'referendum' vote at the federal level where all registered voters in the entire country get a vote on a particular issue. I have not seen such a thing in the US and was unaware of its existence.
Your example of Alaska law would be for the state of Alaska only and has little to no affect elsewhere, this is at the State level and not at the Federal level.
Anonymous Coward, 3 Jan 2020 @ 10:01am
Re: Re: Re: Re: Re:
Well, 51-49 is still a thing. Watch for it. I have seen this a few times and thought, "those frauds!"
It has come up between state and federal laws conflicting. That is what I meant.
Re: Re: Re: Re: Re: Re:
Uhh bro. That's not a voter issue. That's a court issue.
This is why we need the concept of data fiduciaries. Legislative law or case law, one way or another, we need data fiduciaries to be a real concept with real teeth.
Zof (profile), 3 Jan 2020 @ 7:39am
How dare they attack Google.
Google are the bestest evar. Honest. But just barely.
Re: How dare they attack Google.
Google LIES. And usually gets away with it, just barely.
Norahc (profile), 3 Jan 2020 @ 8:20am
Re: Re: How dare they attack Google.
EVERY company lies.
Re: Re: Re: How dare they attack Google.
If they lie, they are acting in bad faith. If that is the case, no contract should be valid with them. No EULA, no TOS, nothing.
Re: Re: Re: Re: How dare they attack Google.
Plenty of companies have no EULA or TOS with consumers whatsoever. They still lie, and have done so since companies and corporations were a thing. Sure, the social contract with all manufacturing and raw materials production should be invalidated.
Is this a one way contract, where only one party is held to the terms while the other party is allowed to do whatever they please? Sounds familiar.
Re: How dare they attack A piece of shit
Why you still here bro?
Say one thing in the big print...
and another in the fine print. Typical Google.
Plaintiffs' CIPA claim fails as a matter of law because CIPA, by its plain terms, is not concerned with data storage but focuses on unconsented data tracking, which is not at issue.
Dumbest fucking argument i have ever heard. There is no tracking without storage. Knowing where one is instantaneously, and instantly forgetting, was and is almost never the issue. Permanent storage of location data is... wait for it... tracking.
Re: Tivoli Garden Resort, Best Wedding Banquet Halls in Delhi
Why would I go to India?
If I were, why would I be looking for info on this blog?
Are you that hard up for income?


text:
UPDATE: Man identified in stabbing in downtown Reno
David Jacobs
3:23 p.m. update:
A man, who died at a local hospital after a stabbing in downtown Reno, was identified as a Reno resident.
Jerome Neal, 40, died of his injuries at Renown Regional Medical Center Thursday night.
Police said Neal was among three men involved in an argument that led to fight involving a knife near Fourth and Virginia streets.
One man was stabbed in the buttocks and another injured in a downtown Reno fight.
It was reported about 7:30 p.m. near Fourth and Virginia Streets in downtown Reno, police said.
Police determined that three men were involved in argument that became a fight involving a knife. Two of the men had "substantial injuries," according to a Friday morning press release from Reno police.
Both men were taken to Renown Regional Medical Center. One died of his injuries and one was treated and released. Names of those men have not been released.
Witnesses reported that the third man was seen with a knife.
Police arrested Gregory Shane Poole, 37. He is charged with battery with a deadly weapon causing substantial bodily harm. He is being held in the Washoe County Jail.
Police are still investigating the details, and no charges were immediately filed.
Police ask anyone with information relating to the crime or the suspect(s) to call (775) 334-2115, Secret Witness at (775) 322-4900, go to secretwitness.com, text the tip to 847411, keyword -SW.
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