Back in the dark ages of the 80's, when I was in graduate school, I worked for a department store. (very un-glamorous, I assure you). This was back when department store inventories were NOT driven by individual "designer" boutiques; we had separate departments for suits, for sportswear, for formal wear etc.
For a while, I worked in the area which sold tee shirts, blouses, shirts and sweaters. We carried at least a dozen styles at any point in time, depending on the season, and each style was available in a couple of dozen "cosmetic" colors. In other words, we always had tops available in every possible shade of coral, peach, plum, pink, berry, cherry, crimson, scarlet or whatever other lipstick-like color you could imagine.
For decades, I've not seen a store carry a wide range of colors in any item. But right now, Nordstrom is carrying wool/cashmere wraps in 76 different colors. Some of the colors have extraordinary names, and many of them are quite hard to distinguish one from the other.
I remember well having my colors done back in the day, and I was classified as autumn with winter tendency. That's where I learned that you do not match your lipstick hue to the color you are wearing. But I had forgotten about the layout in department stores back then.
I second the DO NOT MATCH lipstick with an other item of clothing theory (especially a scarf which is as close to the face as an item can get). As a stylist, this is the 'kiss of death' for any look. It sallows the face (which otherwise looks great in that shade of lipstick) and the outfit itself looks horrendously over contrived in a tasteless, unsophisticated way. Sure, wear the scarf and lipstick but never at the same time. PLEEEEEASE !
I think it depends on the shade of lipstick. Matching a red lipstick and scarf, for example, doesn't necessarily have the same effect that a matching peach or a pink would have. I, for one (a Spring), can't wear a light peach or light pink lipstick, ever! I envy women who can, but it doesn't work on me at all – I have to go with a medium-shade or more color-saturated lipstick. However, light peach and light pink are great for me in a sweater or scarf.
How interesting! I've also found that as I age, lipstick colors that previously looked good now make my skin look sallow or grayish (depending on the shade). Wonder if the same would be true for tops? Hmmm… this would certainly make color selection a bit easier. As always, thanks for the enlightenment!
I too had my colors "done" and it was an interesting, liberating experience. I am a winter who just missed being a summer, so charcoal grey and navy — not black — are my darkest colors. I still stick to the palette (there are colors in it I never wear anyway) given to me 30 years ago. Not too long ago I got a long scarf in "icy pink" which looks great near my face even 30 years later and looks great with navy and charcoal too.
I remember when department stores switched from clothing departments to designer departments. I hated the change (and think I still do).
I've never had my color done, but have an idea about which colors look best on me. I don't always follow what I know, but instead go with what is practical. I guess the only real no no for me in the color arena is beige as it is too close to the color of my hair.
I remember stores being set up this way. I still think it makes wonderful sense to offer multiple styles in multiple colors, so that more people can find something flattering. About seven years ago, I had a flash from the past as my favorite department store had a circle rack full of one blouse style in almost every color imaginable. I wish stores would go back to this concept.
As far as matching to lipstick, I am not sure where to start. I love the concept but think I must be in the minority, as lipstick is the cosmetic I struggle with the most. I just never seem able to pick a shade I think is flattering. I feel more naked without my eyeshadow and mascara than lipstick.
You can still find retailers who offer multiple colors in the same shirt. You just have to go down market, that is, a retailer that doesn't carry top designer names. Talbots, Dress Barn, Christopher Banks, Macy's, Dillard's and the favorite here, L.L.Bean!
I never wear lipstick or blush! But some of these colors really appeal to me, and I bet would look good as lipsticks or blushes if I did wear that makeup. On the other hand, I look good in greens and blues, which would not be good lip/cheek color choices… but I do love that Nordstrom has made such a great basic scarf in so many colors. There must be something for everyone.
I am guilty having the same exact style of sweater/tee/pants in different colors! It just makes dressing easier for me, especially since I am trying to work with a capsule wardrobe. I'll leave the excitement for my eyeshadow!
This post came at just the perfect time. Yesterday I went through my wardrobe and got rid of all beige tops and scarves after a full day of wearing a top of this color I glanced at myself in a mirror at a shop and was taken aback at how drained of color my face looked wearing it. I don't know what possessed me to buy this dreary color in the first place! I do know I've been adhering to a more neutral palette in my wardrobe so maybe I thought this neutral color was appropriate for me. No more. An off white, creme/ivory color is so much more flattering. I think when one wears a color too close to their skin and hair color it becomes less flattering.
Love the scarves, but allergic to all wool–even cashmere–red blotches and itchy. BTW–as I am in fall wardrobe update mode, can you find/suggest sweaters for us non-wool/cashmere-tolerant types that are still beautiful and chic?
Ditto from another non-wearer of any kind of wool.
Me too! I can't wear wool at all. Makes coat shopping very difficult as I can't stand puffers on me.
Do you think getting your colours done (lol) is worthwhile?
I've also had my colours done and I'm glad I did. I now wear clothes that flatter my skin tone and hair colour, rather than sticking with boring black (which washes me out) just because everyone else does. I find shopping is easier and things in my wardrobe match – no having to have one pair of shoes that only goes with one outfit, which also makes packing for a trip a breeze!
I have half a dozen pashmina (pashmina-silk as I'm allergic to wool) scarves, and a couple of shawls, in my colours and everything in my wardrobe will go with at least two of them.
I bet you only sold to whites, too. There was no such thing as having "your colors done" for non-white women.


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Winter Exhibitions
9 New Jersey Photographers | Stockton University - Through March 28th, 2018 | Pictorialism, Pure or Straight Photography, Modernism, Social Documentary Photography, Post Modernism - like any other art forms, photography has had its share of dominant styles promoted by leading practitioners, critics, curators and by publications, and enshrined in galleries and museums. But today every style, every ism, every mode of making and printing photographs vies equally for attention and appreciation.
This group of New Jersey photographers represents that diversity in striking ways. Some document the actual world unadorned, from images of the landscape to those of the inner city. Some make pictures that are totally abstract. Some take the world as it is. Some construct what they are going to photograph. Some print using present digital technologies, some using traditional 20th-century chemical processes, some using older alternative photographic processes. Some do not even use a camera, relying instead on light itself or even photographic chemicals alone to create an image.
In an era where almost none of the billions of photographs made every year are ever printed, this exhibition not only presents some of the wide diversity of image making among photographic artists today, but allows us to contemplate the exquisite nature of the photographic print as an object.
Stephen Perloff, Curator.
I am honored to be part of this incredible exhibition curated by Stephen Perloff, editor of the Photo Review and the Photograph Collector. The exhibition, featuring the work of 9 NJ based photographers is on view through March 28th, with a closing reception and talk with Curator Stephen Perloff on Tuesday, March 6th at 5 PM.
The Stockton University is located at 101 Vera King Farris Drive, Galloway, NJ. The campus Art Galleries are located in L-wing adjacent to the Performing Arts Center; visitors can park in Lots 6 or 7.
In addition to the 9 NJ Photographers show, I also have several pieces hanging in two ongoing group exhibitions on view in the Delaware Valley.
Photography 37 - Perkins Center for the Arts - Through March 26th
Perkins 37th annual photography exhibition exemplifies the best and most innovative work by photographers from throughout the Mid-Atlantic region and beyond. This year's exhibition was juried by Hope Proper, renowned collector, former Curator of Exhibitions & Founder of Perkins Center's Annual Photography Exhibition.
Thursdays & Fridays 10 am - 2 pm
Saturday & Sunday 12 pm - 4 pm
This exhibition is free and open to the public.
Perkins Center for the Arts
395 Kings Highway | Moorestown, NJ 08057
2018 Professional Artist Members Exhibition - Main Line Art Center - Through February 15, 2018
2018 Professional Artist Members Exhibition at the Mainline Art Center, in Haverford, PA. The exhibition is a celebration of the MLAC members' support and creative energy, featuring a range of works from photography, sculpture, painting, printmaking, and ceramics.
Monday through Thursday: 10 AM to 8 PM,
Friday through Sunday: 10 AM to 4 PM.
The Main Line Art Center
746 Panmure Road, Haverford PA
Categories: Exhibitions, News, Railroads Tags: From The Main Line, Pennsylvania Railroad, fine art, Exhbition, Michael Froio, photography, Stockton University
Winter News | Interview & Exhibitions
Former Pennsylvania Railroad Pratt truss bridge spanning the Susquehanna River. Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania.
New Interview | The Trackside Photographer
Recently I had the opportunity to talk with Edd Fuller, editor of The Trackside Photographer, a blog focused on the railroad landscape. I am excited to share this interview about my ongoing work and how it ties into a central theme inspired by history. Follow the link to learn more about my process, creative work and how my interest in both the landscape and railroads has woven its way into my projects for many years. To read the interview visit The Trackside Photographer, or click the image above!
Northward view, Susquehanna River, Marysville, Pennsylvania.
Exhibitions | Current
2017 Members Exhibition | Main Line Art Center
Through January 3, 2018
I currently have a piece hanging in the 2017 Members Exhibition at the Mainline Art Center, in Haverford, PA. The exhibition is a celebration of the MLAC members' support and creative energy, featuring a range of works from photography, sculpture, painting, printmaking, and ceramics.
Gallery Hours are Monday through Thursday: 10 AM to 8 PM, Friday through Sunday: 10 AM to 4 PM. This exhibition is free and open to the public. The Main Line Art Center is located at 746 Panmure Road in Haverford PA, offers free parking, and is easily accessible from public transportation.
South Fork Creek, Soukesburg, Pennsylvania
Exhibitions | Upcoming
9 New Jersey Photographers | Stockton University
January 16th through March 28th, 2018
My work will be part of an upcoming exhibition curated by Stephen Perloff, editor of the Photo Review and the Photograph Collector; the show spotlights nine NJ based photographers. An artists reception will be held Tuesday, March 6th at 5 PM followed by a talk with curator Stephen Perloff at 6:30 PM. More information will follow as the event approaches.
The Stockton University Art Galleries are located on Lakeside Lane, Galloway, NJ in Galloway, NJ. Parking is available at the Lakeside parking area.
Categories: Exhibitions, Railroads, News Tags: Railroad, From The Main Line, Michael Froio, photography, History, Photography, Engineering, Trains
December 7, 2017 by Michael Froio
Rau Symposium This Week!
The work of William Rau has played a tremendous role in the ongoing project, From the Main Line, providing both inspirations in an aesthetic and historical context. Learn more about my relationship with Rau's work for the Pennsylvania Railroad this week at the Southern Alleghenies Museum of Art - Altoona, where I will present a lecture on Wednesday, August 16th. (Left Image by William H. Rau, collection of the Altoona Public Library)
Rau Symposium - SAMA - Altoona: This Wednesday, August 16
In conjunction with the ongoing exhibition William H Rau, Urban, Rural, Rail, I will be speaking at a symposium along with Penn State - Altoona history lecturer Julie Fether who curated the show. My talk will focus on Rau's imagery and how it continues to inspire my project, while Julie will discuss how the show evolved, tying in influences from Harvard Landscape Studies Professor, John Stilgoe's writings and ideas on the "art and practice of 'seeing' landscape."
If you are in the area, please join us! The event is at the SAMA - Altoona location on Wednesday, August 16th from 11AM-1PM, lunch provided, and costs $15 ($14 for SAMA members). Reservations are required by calling the museum at (814) 946-4464 or emailing altoona@sama-art.org.
Ongoing Exhibition: William H Rau: Urban, Rural, Rail
On view through September 9th, 2017. Southern Alleghenies Museum of Art - Altoona
The current exhibition on display at the Southern Alleghenies Museum of Art, Altoona has more than a month remaining and is generating a lot of great feedback so far. The exhibition features a selection of Rau's Pennsylvania Railroad images from the Altoona Public Library collection, along with several images from the Main Line Project. If you are in the area, the exhibition at SAMA - Altoona is a must see!
Categories: Lecture, Exhibitions, From the Main Line Tags: Railroad, lecture, William H Rau, Pennsylvania, Photographs and History, SAMA, Altoona, Southern Alleghenies Museum of Art, photography
August 14, 2017 by Michael Froio
Summer News and Events
Greetings! I hope everyone is having a great summer and taking some much deserved time off to enjoy the season with family and friends. Here is a quick list of some upcoming and ongoing events pertaining to the Main Line Project!
Semi-automatic signals beckon outside the window of the station waiting room in Chester, Pennsylvania on the former Chesapeake Division mainline to Washington D.C., 2016.
They All Fall Down | Lamenting the loss of a classic PRR Signal - The Position Light
I am very excited to have a new article featured on the blog, The Trackside Photographer this week. The piece focuses on the Pennsylvania Railroad's classic Position Light signals, many of which face an uncertain future as railroads push to implement Positive Train Control. It's a sizable article featuring a lot of imagery, several which have never been published. Please pay the Trackside Photographer a visit if you haven't already, they are doing a fantastic job featuring a diverse range of photographers and writers whose work focuses on the railroad landscape, it's an honor to have work published there!
Plate 36. B.Q. Tower and Signals - Bellewood, Pennsylvania, Middle Division (III-895), William H Rau, Altoona Public Library Collection. One of 27 images currently on display in the exhibition William H. Rau: Urban, Rural, Rail at the Southern Alleghenies Museum of Art - Altoona.
Rau Symposium - SAMA - Altoona: August 16
In conjunction with the ongoing exhibition, I will be speaking at a symposium along with Penn State - Altoona history lecturer Julie Fether who curated the show. My talk will focus on Rau's imagery and how it continues to inspire my project, while Julie will discuss how the show evolved, tying in influences from Harvard Landscape Studies Professor, John Stilgoe's writings and ideas on the "art and practice of 'seeing' landscape."
The event is at the SAMA - Altoona location on Wednesday, August 16th from 11AM-1PM, lunch provided, and costs $15 ($14 for SAMA members). Reservations are required by calling the museum at (814) 946-4464 or emailing altoona@sama-art.org.
Pop- Up Exhibition: The Study at University City - Philadelphia
On display through September 30th.
An excellent opportunity came up recently to showcase some work from the Main Line Project, at the Study, a beautiful new Hotel in University City, central to Drexel University's campus at 33rd and Chestnut Streets, in Philadelphia. The small show includes ten pieces from the project and is free and open to the public. If you're in the area, please stop in and have a look!
The Study at University City, 20 S 33rd St, Philadelphia, PA
Categories: News, Lecture, Exhibitions Tags: From the Mainline, Pennsylvania Railroad, historic documentation, railroads, Pennsylvania, PRR, Amtrak, Norfolk Southern, Union Switch and Signal, black and white, fine art, Photographs and History
August 3, 2017 by Michael Froio
Exhibition & Press: William H. Rau: Urban, Rural, Rail
It goes without saying that the work of William H. Rau has had a tremendous influence on my ongoing project, From the Main Line, so it gives me great pleasure to announce that I will have several pieces included in an exhibition at the Southern Alleghenies Museum of Art titled William H. Rau: Urban, Rural, Rail in the heart of Pennsylvania Railroad territory, Altoona, Pennsylvania. The exhibition runs through September 9th and will include a symposium on August 16th in which I will discuss the role of Rau's imagery and how it has both informed and influenced my own. The exhibition has already received some terrific feedback, including this recent feature in the Altoona Mirror. I look forward to sharing more about this incredible show while continuing to explore the dialog with Rau's imagery for both inspiration and historical reference in documenting the former Standard Railroad of the World.
Quadruple Track – Tanks, Monmouth Junction, New Jersey c. 1891. William H. Rau. The Altoona Public Library Collection
Rau's work captured the Allegheny landscape of the 1890s
SAMA-Altoona exhibits more vintage photographs
By Altoona Mirror Staff Writer - Cherie Hicks
Another batch of cutting-edge photographs that captured the Allegheny landscape in the 1890s is now on display at the Southern Alleghenies Museum of Art.
"William H. Rau: Urban, Rural, Rail" features 27 albumem and sepia-toned photographs taken by the commercial photographer who was commissioned by the Pennsylvania Railroad. The show, curated by Penn State Altoona history lecturer Julie Fether, runs through Sept. 9.
The exhibition takes viewers on a "photographic trip with Rau," in which "hidden worlds become exposed 'openings,'" a late 19th-century term used to describe landscape and landscape photography, Fether said.
"It shows not just the landscape that the railroad carved through, but the mark that the railroad made on the landscape and in the communities it created," she said.
Main Line, looking west, Altoona, Pennsylvania. One of four images from the Main Line project accompanying the collection of Rau images in the exhibition at SAMA- Altoona
The exhibition follows the different PRR divisions that Rau tracked, from the Brooklyn Bridge in New York City to Pittsburgh. Rau (rhymes with how) was a successful commercial photographer in Philadelphia when the PRR commissioned him to travel its main line and take pictures of the beautiful scenery in an effort to lure tourists onboard trains.
"Today, these photographs are a testament to the emergence of photography used to promote travel and tourism," Fether said. "Attracting the young and old, rich and poor, to the glamor of railroad travel, the rails provided an opportunity to participate in the power of acute observation from the window of a passenger car and experience new communities along the way."
Rau, who died in 1920, produced a total of 463 photographs in his project, 273 of which are considered the Altoona collection and are owned by the Altoona Area Public Library and housed by SAMA. The other photos from the railroad project are owned by The Library Company of Philadelphia.
The current show is a follow-up to another exhibition of Rau photographs that Fether curated at SAMA-Altoona in 2015. With the museum only able to display about three dozen at a time, Fether said she had a theme in mind as she sifted through binders of 8-by-10-inch prints in the Altoona collection of Rau's work.
Philadelphia, 50th Street Yard (West), c. 1891. William H. Rau. The Altoona Public Library Collection
As she was culling, she searched online for other Rau-related work and stumbled on Michael Froio, a Drexel University professor of photography whose contemporary work has been influenced by Rau.
"Even as the railroad has declined, there's a timelessness to these pictures," Fether said. "What do they look like today? That is why I reached out to Michael."
The exhibition includes four black-and-white, contemporary pieces from Froio's own project called From the Main Line that complement and pay homage to Rau's photographs, Fether said. One such work is called "Main Line Looking West, Altoona, Pennsylvania," and Froio said he clearly remembers the first time he saw Rau's work.
"While I was instantly captivated by the subject matter in Rau's photographs, it was more the approach of his work that left a lasting mark, illustrating not only the railroad but the engineering, landscape and architecture along the line," he said. "The imagery by Rau left us with a rich visual legacy to derive tremendous amounts of information about the railway, the landscape and the energy of the industrial age."
In Images like "Woodvale Yard, Franklin Boro, Pennsylvania", Rau's work both informs and inspires through understanding the history of place while responding to aesthetically choices like the use of light, composition and technical process.
It shows "the prominent role the Pennsylvania Railroad played in developing the United States and the continual improvements they made to better themselves in the process," Froio said.
Fether explained that part of Rau's allure was how technically advanced he was for his time, experimenting with new photographic methods and constantly perfecting the process. Most of his pictures were printed on albumen photographic paper, or a paper coated with egg white and chemicals. PRR provided him with his own rail car, in which he could sleep and produce negatives and prints, and Rau did not disappoint.
"It is an absolute honor to be a part of this show, having a chance to hang work next to Rau's," Froio said.
Froio and Fether will be lead speakers at a symposium on Rau's work and legacy at SAMA-Altoona on Aug. 16 at 11 a.m. Froio will discuss Rau's influence on his own work. Fether said she will explain how the exhibition evolved. She also will explain some writings that are part of the show from John Stilgoe, a professor of the history of landscape development at Harvard University, and others on the "art and practice of 'seeing' landscape."
The public is invited to the program, which costs $15 ($14 for SAMA members) and includes lunch. Reservations are required by calling the museum at (814) 946-4464 or emailing altoona@sama-art.org.
Categories: Exhibitions, News, Lecture Tags: William H Rau, Southern Alleghenies Art Museum, Michael Froio, Exhibition, Altoona, Pennsylvania Railroad, Pennsylvania, History
June 2, 2017 by Michael Froio
Winter News & Events
Northbound waiting room, Pennsylvania Station, Wilmington, Delaware. This remarkable space is part of the 1907 Frank Furness station in the city of Wilmington and is one of two new images included in the Professional Artist members Exhibition.
PROFESSIONAL ARTIST MEMBERS EXHIBITION 2017
Opening Reception Tonight: Friday, January 13th, 2016. 5:30 - 7:30 PM
I have two new prints from the Main Line project included in the 2017 Professional Artists Network Exhibition at the Main Line Art Center. The group exhibition features the work of roughly 50 artists and runs from January 13 – February 11, 2017. Gallery Hours are Monday – Thursday: 10 am to 8 pm and Friday – Sunday: 10 am-4 pm. The exhibition is free and open to the public. Mainline Art Center | 746 Panmure Road in Haverford PA
Mainline Art Center | 2017 Meyer Family Award for Contemporary Art Finalist
For the second year in a row The Mainline Art Center of Haverford, Pennsylvania selected the Main Line project as one of seven finalists for the 2017 Meyer Family Award for Contemporary Art. The competition featured over 200 applicants, awarding three solo shows to artists representing a diverse base of mediums while honoring an additional seven finalists with Professional Artist programming throughout 2017. For more information on programs and exhibitions at the Mainline Art Center visit their website.
Some new work for the Mainline Project was recently included in Alexander Benjamin Craghead's article for Railroad Heritage, the quarterly journal of the Center for Railroad Photography & Art. Image credits, clockwise from the top left; John Sanderson, Stuart Klipper, John Sanderson and Travis Dewitz. Reproduction courtesy of the Center for Railroad Photography & Art.
The [Rail]Road Belongs in the Landscape | J.B. Jackson and the Photographic Depiction of American Railroads
I am honored to be part of a fantastic article written by Alexander Benjamin Craghead for the Center for Railroad Photography and Art's quarterly journal Railroad Heritage. The article delves into the writings and lectures of landscape studies scholar John Brinckerhoff Jackson, exploring how his work has influenced several generations of noted photographers who's imagery focuses on the railroad landscape. It is a privilege to be featured among several accomplished photographers and peers including Edward Burtynsky, Jeff Brouws, Travis Dewitz and John Sanderson in a thoughtful piece that celebrates work about the railroad but not implicitly the trains themselves. The Center has taken significant initiatives to expand the horizons of both rail enthusiasts, historians and photographers alike while broadening the reach of this genre beyond the average audience. Craghead teaches American Cultural Landscapes at the University of California, Berkeley, a class started by J. B. Jackson many years ago. He'll be presenting more on the subject of Jackson and railroad photography at the Center for Railroad Photography & Art's annual Conference in Lake Forest, IL at the end of April.
Upcoming Lecture | Philadelphia Chapter, National Railway Historical Society
I'll be presenting a lecture on my ongoing photographic project, From the Main Line: A Contemporary Survey of the Pennsylvania Railroad for the Philadelphia Chapter of the National Railway Historical Society. Inspired by the work of photographer William H. Rau, who was commissioned in the 1890's to document the PRR and its destinations, the project explores the transitioning landscape along the former PRR main line from New York to Pittsburgh, highlighting the unique vernacular of facilities and infrastructure built by the PRR. This project combines historical research and original imagery to present a creative documentation of one of the most important railroads in American history.
The NRHS was founded in 1935 by a group of rail historians. It has since grown from 40 founding members to include over 13,000 men and women of all ages and professions in every state and many foreign countries, making it the nation's largest rail preservation and historical society. The Philadelphia Chapter, established in 1936 is one of the founding chapters and has been instrumental in preserving the local railway scene. The lecture, on Friday, February 17th, 2017, is part of the Philadelphia Chapter's monthly meeting. The program is free and open to the public and will begin at 7:30 PM in 121 Randell Hall, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. More information to follow as the date approaches.
Categories: Lecture, News, Exhibitions Tags: From the Mainline, Mainline Art Center, Exhibition, Article, Publication, Michael Froio, Pennsylvania Railroad, Photography, Center for Railroad Photography and Art
Watershed Project - Upcoming Exhibition
Bluffs on Crosswicks Creek, near Bordentown, New Jersey. This is one of 14 images from the Watershed series that will be part of an exhibition at the Perkins Center for Arts - Collingswood. The show opens Saturday, March 14th with a reception from 6-9pm.
Watershed: The southern half of the Delaware River Basin is steeped in history, once the backbone of shipping and manufacturing and home to countless communities along its banks. The Delaware itself and the many unremarked tributaries that feed into it play host to a diverse Eco system that thrives along side industrial sites, refineries and countless miles of swamp and unremarked landscapes covered in bay grass, scrub pines and oaks. There is a feeling of emptiness in these landscapes, an absence of human life. Scars left behind from dredging dumps and brownfield sites only highlight nature's resilience to recover these swaths, its ability to thrive even under the duress of neighboring highway noise, pollution and encroaching housing developments. The Watershed Project is about the beauty of the benign and unremarked place challenging our perception of the natural landscape while celebrating an important resource of the greater Delaware Valley.
I am excited to announce that I will be included in a three person exhibition that will open next Saturday, March 14th at the Perkins Center for the Arts in their Collingswood location. Along with artists Keith Yahrling and Amy Becker I will be showing work from the Watershed Project. The exhibition runs from March 14 - May 2, 2015 with an opening reception on Saturday, March 14 from 6-9 pm. The Perkins Collingswood facility is located at 30 Irvin Ave., Collingswood, NJ 08108. Normal exhibition hours are Tuesdays & Thursdays 10 am – 2 pm, Saturday 10am – 2 pm. The exhibition and opening is free and open to the public. Collingswood offers some terrific options for dining so its a perfect opportunity to get out for a night of art and entertainment. Hope to see you there!
Categories: Exhibitions, News Tags: Bordentown, Bowemans Tower, Bridgeport, Bucks County, Camden County, Collingswood, Cooper River, Crosswicks creek, Cumberland County, Dealware River, Delaware, Exhibition, fine art, Gloucester County, Hopkins Pond, large format photography, Mercer County, Michael Froio Photography, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Perkins Center for the Arts, Philadelphia, Racoon Creek, Salem County, Timber Creek, Washington's Crossing
March 2, 2015 by Michael Froio
Last week for Monmouth Museum Exhibition!
The Izaak Walton Inn was constructed by the Great Northern Railway in 1939 just outside of Glacier National Park near Essex, Montana. This image is one of several by contemporary photographer Travis Dewitz included in the exhibition "All Aboard! Railroads and the Historic Landscapes They Travel" at the Monmouth Museum in Lincroft, NJ. Image courtesy of Travis Dewitz
If you have not had a chance please take the time to visit the Monmouth Museum to view the exhibition "All Aboard! Railroads and the Historic Landscapes They Travel". This visually stunning and informative exhibition will be on view for another week, closing January 4th, 2015. For hours and additional information, please call the Museum at 732-747-2266, or visit the website at: www.monmouthmuseum.org. Museum admission is $7 per person
The Monmouth Museum, a private, non-profit organization, is located at 765 Newman Springs Road, in Lincroft, NJ.
Categories: Exhibitions, Railroads Tags: All Aboard, All Aboard! Railroads and the Historic Landscapes They Travel, Bennett Levin, BNSF, Canadian National, Center for Railroad Photography and Art, David Plowden, Denver & Rio Grande, Exhibition, fine art, gallery talk, history, Jim Shaughnessy, John Sanderson, Juniata Terminal Company, Lecture, Lincroft NJ, Mel Patrick, michael froio, Monmouth Museum, Norfolk Southern, opening reception, Pennsylvania Railroad, railroads, Ron Wright, Scott Lothes, Travis Dewitz, Union pacific
Monmouth Museum: Lecture This Friday!
CSX westbound empty coal train at Hawks Nest, West Virginia, January 2005 by Scott Lothes is one of roughly 80 photographs in the exhibition titled, All Aboard! Railroads and the Historic Landscape they Travel. Please join me this Friday evening for a gallery talk for the exhibition, All Aboard! Railroads and the Historic Landscape they Travel which is currently on view at the Monmouth Museum. This informal lecture will provide insight on work featured in the exhibition with a historical background on the rise, fall and rebirth of American railroads in the 20th Century and the artists that were driven to document them.
Exhibition installation views courtesy of Benjamin Riley
The lecture will take place at the Monmouth Museum, Friday, December 12th, at 7PM and is open to the public with paid admission or museum membership. Museum admission is $7 per person.
Can't make it to the lecture? The show runs through January 4, 2015. For hours and additional information, please call the Museum at 732-747-2266, or visit the website at: www.monmouthmuseum.org.
Monmouth Exhibition: Upcoming Lecture
Great Northern Railway. Westbound freight train, west of Havre, Montana, 1968 by noted photographer David Plowden is one of roughly 80 photographs in the exhibition titled, All Aboard! Railroads and the Historic Landscape they Travel.
Friends, Please join me next Friday evening for a gallery talk for the exhibition, All Aboard! Railroads and the Historic Landscape they Travel which is currently on view at the Monmouth Museum. This informal lecture will provide insight on work featured in the exhibition with a historical background on the rise, fall and rebirth of American railroads in the 20th Century and the artists that were driven to document them. Featuring the work of eight noted photographers and a selection of vintage travel and advertising posters the exhibition and lecture highlight the history and nostalgia the railroads evoke and the landscape it has traveled and changed for over 150 years.
Can't make it to the lecture? The show runs through January 4, 2015.
The Monmouth Museum, a private, non-profit organization, is located at 765 Newman Springs Road, in Lincroft, NJ. For hours and additional information, please call the Museum at 732-747-2266, or visit the website at: www.monmouthmuseum.org.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Giving upload option in InfoPath form in SPD workflow I have made a 2010 style workflow in SPD. In one of the step I have added a task form so user can approve item. SharePoint has automatically created InfoPath form for me. How can I give option to user to upload a file in that form?
Workflow type is 2010 but SharePoint and InfoPath version is 2013.

A: In InfoPath there is an attachment field you can use.
Make sure you turned on the attachments in your task list?

*

*List Settings

*Advanced Settings

*Attachments

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Schedule between one and two hours for the entire walkthrough process. You're not just touring the home before you close; you're also learning about all of the features and functions in your home. Your builder needs sufficient time to go through the home so you're comfortable using everything from the appliances to the thermostat.
The walkthrough usually involves the builder or superintendent, the buyer (you) and, if applicable, the buyer's agent. Having all three parties present means that everyone's interests are adequately represented. It also means getting all of your questions answered before your move-in date.
Finish work. Most builders will mark off any cosmetic issues with blue painter's tape. This gives a visual reminder of any finish work issues, such as scuff marks, paint touchups, exposed nails or uneven grout lines.
Doors and windows. Your builder will show you how to operate all doors and windows, giving you the chance to make sure all of the seals are nice and tight. Check for drafts, gaps or windows that stick.
Appliances and features. From the thermostat to your security system, the walkthough gives you the chance to learn about your home. Your builder will show you how to use all of the features and hand over any necessary manuals. Make sure you locate the electrical panel, fireplace controls, thermostat and security system panel, and ensure that you are comfortable in using each before you close.
Exterior finishes. Your builder should take you outside for an exterior inspection. Check to make sure your stucco, stone, brick or exterior finish is smooth and even. Then check the foundation of the home to make sure the ground slopes away from the home. You can also grab a pair of binoculars to check the roofing; it should be consistent and tight without gaps.
Warranty vs. maintenance. As you walk through the home, talk to your builder about the warranty. Most builders offer a one- to two-year warranty on things like electrical and plumbing systems. Cosmetic items that aren't flagged during the walkthrough, however, might be considered "homeowner maintenance" once you close, so make sure you're clear on what's included in your warranty and what's not.
It's easy to see your new home through rose-colored glasses. After all, you're excited to move in, and correcting issues could prolong the process. But it's best to take the time to resolve potential issues with your builder before you close. Otherwise, you risk having to deal with (and pay for) them yourself. These tips can help save you time (and headaches) during and after the walkthrough.
Even if your builder marks off items with painter's tape, keep a detailed written list of repairs and resolutions as you tour the home. That way, you have a written record of everything that needs to be done.
Tour the home and examine the finishes from every angle. If you'll be sitting on a couch in your new living room, crouch down and see what the home looks like from that level. You might notice flaws that you hadn't seen while standing.
Snap a few pictures as you examine the home, especially if you find flaws that require repairs. It's easy to get so excited about your new home that you completely forget which areas needed attention.
Don't be afraid of speaking up during your walkthrough; your builder wants you to be happy with the finished product. A dent in your appliances or a scuff on the wall might seem like no big deal, but having it resolved during the building process means one less thing to worry about on moving day.
Even if your home clears inspections with flying colors, inspectors are there to confirm that a home is built to certain standards. They aren't looking at the paint job or making sure you got the cabinetry finish you wanted. That's why new home walkthroughs are so important: They allow you to advocate for yourself. While a few cosmetic flaws might set you back a week or two, it's all part of the process. A new home walkthrough ensures that your builder has met your expectations and that your home is ready for you come moving day, so arrive prepared and you'll be that much closer to your finished home.
Do you have experience with a new home walkthrough? Any tips to share? Let us know in the comments!
The post What to Expect During Your New Home Walkthrough appeared first on Freshome.com.


text:
Hydrogeologists Without Borders
About HWB
UK Chapter
Freeze & Cherry 1979 Download
HWB Fellowships
Current Fellowships
The purpose of the HWB Technical Committee is to oversee all of HWB's technical activities. This includes the selection of awardees for the HWB Fellowship program and the review of technical manuals, procedures and reports. The Technical Committee is made up of the following prominent international hydrogeologists:
Dr. Ramon Aravena (Canada) is a research professor in the Department of Earth Sciences, University of Waterloo with 20 years experience in the application of isotope techniques in hydrology. He has been involved in numerous groundwater studies in Latin America, Canada and the U.S. related to evaluation of groundwater resources and groundwater protection. His current research focus on groundwater contamination caused by agricultural and urban activities using environmental isotopes as tracers to provide information about sources and processes that affect nitrate and organic compounds in groundwater.
Dr. Antonio Chambel (Portugal) was born in Portugal in 1961 and has got a PhD in Geology, specialising in Hydrogeology, from the University of Évora, in Portugal, in 1999. He has been a teacher of hydrogeology in the Department of Geosciences of the University of Évora since 1985, as well as a ERASMUS teacher in the Universities Charles of Prague (Czech Republic) and Huelva (Spain). He has organised or co-organised 21 scientific meetings, participated in more than 120 congresses, symposia, seminars, workshops, courses and other scientific meetings, with about 90 oral and poster presentations. He has edited 8 scientific publications, and is the author of 18 book chapters and 56 other national and international publications. From 2002 to 2006 he was President of the South Chapter of the Portuguese Water Resources Association (APRH) and from 2004 to 2008 he was the President of the IAH Portuguese Chapter. From 2008 to 2012 he has been the IAH Vice-President for Finance and Membership.
Dr. Stephen Foster's (U.K.) more recent professional posts include the World Health Organization-Groundwater Advisor for Latin America & Caribbean (1986-89), the British Geological Survey-Divisional Director for Environmental Surveys (1990-99), University of London–Visiting Professor of Groundwater Science (1993-2010), World Bank-Groundwater Management Team Director (2001-11) and the Global Water Partnership-Senior Adviser (2011-13). Dr. Foster is a very active member of IAH (the worldwide groundwater association) – Vice President-Western Europe(2000-04) and President (2004-08). Dr. Foster is the author of some 175 publications – received DSc from University of London in 1983 for published work and awards from professional societies/academic bodies on 9 occasions including British IWES-Whitaker Medal (1976), Foreign Member – Spanish Real Academia de Ciencias (1993), IAH Presidents' Award (2004) and GS London-William Smith Medal (2006).
Dr. Ricardo Hirata (Brazil) is a Certified Geologist (UNESP, Brazil), with MSc , DSc (University of Sao Paulo – USP, Brazil) and Post Doctorate (University of Waterloo, Canada) in hydrogeology. He is currently a professor at USP, Director of CEPAS (Groundwater Research Center, USP), former member of the Groundwater Management Advisory Team of World Bank (GW-MATE), adviser for International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and UNESCO, and also a 1B-Level Brazilian CNPq Research Fellow. Dr. Hirata has 29 year experience working intensively in many aspects of groundwater and water resources for private and government companies in more than 20 countries in areas that include, among others, groundwater contamination, groundwater resource development, water resource management and governance, and groundwater protection policy.
Dr. Dave Kreamer (U.S.) is a Professor of Geoscience, Graduate Faculty in Civil and Environmental Engineering, and past Director of the interdisciplinary Water Resources Management Graduate Program at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. He also serves on the faculty of the University of Nevada, Reno, Hydrologic Sciences Program. His Ph.D. is in hydrology from the University of Arizona, with undergraduate work in microbiology and chemistry. Before coming to the University of Nevada in 1990, he served as an Assistant Professor in Civil Engineering at Arizona State University. Dr. Kreamer serves as Director of the National Groundwater Association's Division of Scientists and Engineers, is an Executive Board Member of the U.S. National Chapter of the International Association of Hydrogeologists, serves as Editor of the USNC International Association of Hydrogeologists Newsletter.


text:
Howard Lawrence Berman (ur. 15 kwietnia 1941 w Los Angeles) – amerykański polityk, członek Partii Demokratycznej.

Działalność polityczna
Od 1973 zasiadał w California State Assembly. Następnie w okresie od 3 stycznia 1983 do 3 stycznia 2003 przez dziesięć kadencji był przedstawicielem 26. okręgu, a następnie od 3 stycznia 2003 do 3 stycznia 2013 przez pięć kadencji był  przedstawicielem 28. okręgu wyborczego w stanie Kalifornia w Izbie Reprezentantów Stanów Zjednoczonych.

Przypisy

Członkowie California State Assembly
Członkowie Izby Reprezentantów Stanów Zjednoczonych z Kalifornii
Demokraci (Stany Zjednoczone)
Ludzie urodzeni w Los Angeles
Urodzeni w 1941

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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but then again, it always is. There's something about idea flow, innovative thinking, a group working toward the same solution, all components of great collaboration, but it has to happen organically, and we know that's not as easy as it sounds. But when one idea is all you need to jumpstart problem solving, it's worth the work to get there.
Because collaboration is at the core of HOWDO (along with curiosity and creativity), there's something about digging into how to make collaboration productive for you and your team. 99U, a creativity and innovation-focused media outlet, said it best. This piece, by author and "personology" expert Christian Jarrett, is all about understanding collaborative teams. It caught our attention a while ago, and now seems like the right time to pass it on. We have dubbed June the month of collaboration, after all.
So how can we make collaboration work? Really, Jarrett says, it's all about mutual understanding. Read on for some of his research-backed findings that we found most interesting, but then click out to get the full rundown.
1. The mere presence of other people can boost your performance.
Simple. Having other people around you, engaged in the same task can be a motivation booster for the entire team.
2. A balance of extroverts and introverts makes for a better team (and men and women).
While extroverts will grab your attention and showcase their abilities, you might need to search a little harder to spot the talented quiet types. But don't go too far the other way and ignore extroverts — a balance of complementary personalities is often the most effective mix.
3. The best teams communicate outside of formal meetings.
Now this, is HOWDO. Get outside of that corporate mindset with a change of scenery. Find yourself somewhere more comfortable, where inspiration comes a little easier, because of the informality.


Vodafone has opened pre-registrations for its home broadband and landline service, which the operator confirmed will launch in the Spring.
The operator's customers have received a text message suggesting the register their interest by visiting a page on its website entitled: 'Vodafone Connect'. This is expected to be the brand name for the services.
They are required to fill in personal details, including whether they are a current Vodafone customer as well as who their current broadband and landline providers are, whether they are in contract with them and when that is due to end.
When Vodafone is ready to launch the service in the coming weeks, customers will be contacted with further information.
It will see the firm able to offer a triple-play bundle to customers in mobile, landline and home broadband.
The expected addition of a TV service later this year will then enable Vodafone to offer quad-play bundles, in competition with the likes of BT, Virgin Media and TalkTalk.
Next articleMake or break for the smartwatch market?


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Why didn't McDonnell-Douglas get bailed out?
acjbbj
I see everyone saying how MDC was in bad shape and they had to get bought or go bankrupt. However, I'm actually surprised (and kinda appalled) that no one has ever thought of MDC getting bailed out. The auto industry has "Big Threes", why can't we have a Big Three in airplanes? Yes I know the Chinese and Russians are building new planes, but still - what if we had 3 large manufacturers even after 1997?
Would the 737 Max and 787 fiascos have happened if there were three big manufacturers instead of two? Would we have a better aviation industry?
Born: 22 July 1921 (Santa Monica, CA)
Died: 23 May 2006 (Long Beach, CA), age 84 years 10 months 1 day
You will be missed.
Re: Why didn't McDonnell-Douglas get bailed out?
The issue with a bailout is generally the party doing the bailing out wants to be out of their "investment" in 2-3 years.
MD didn't have any designs in serious pre-production other than the MD-95 in 1997. Sure they had concepts for an MD-12 widebody but they couldn't decide what it would be (and ultimately it would have just likely ended up being a late A330 competitor).
Based on the slim MD-95 order book there was no way that the company would have been turned around in a few years.
Armadillo1
what decision they should have done in late 80x to survive?
anshabhi
They should have got out of commercial a/c completely like BBD and focused entirely on military a/c
Boeing's 40%+ revenue comes today from ex-c McDonnel a/v
VSMUT
They did get bailed out. They were allowed to buy Boeing with Boeings money.
Why would they be bailed out when a company was interested in merging with them?
The automakers were bailed out to avoid imminent collapse- MDD was never that close to death. The auto industry also has a far greater effect on the US economy than MDD ever did.
MIflyer12
Chrysler in 1979, and GM and Chrysler in 2009, were bailed out to minimize job losses at the manufacturers and across the supply chain. What job losses occurred at McD plants after acquisition by Being?
I expect U.S. politicians have a very different view of how public monies should be used vs. German, French or Quebecois politicians. France has its strategic yogurt industry, after all. https://qz.com/80043/yahoo-dailymotion- ... overnment/
zakuivcustom
Umm...getting bought as part of merger is definitely a "bailout" option. And it's a better option than having some gov't throwing money at a company "just because" anyway.
stephanwintner
As noted above, MDD had the F15, F18, and C17 in production, as well as various other government programs, and could expect to compete for more in the coming years - even if one expected pentagon budgets to shrink, there were a lot of T38s that would eventually need replacement, the F14 would eventually retire, and the X-32/ X-35 competition was ongoing. (As well as who knows what else, I don't pay attention to military stuff much.)
Yes, the commercial sector was failing, but was the overall company in poor financial shape ?
Well, at least to repair the commercial sector.
Government bailouts are an absolute last resort when there are no other parties interested. They are designed to stop companies from collapsing and putting large numbers of workers out of work, which would devastate the local economy.
In McDonnell-Douglas's case, Boeing was willing to buy them out, so why not let them?
The reason the car manufacturers were bailed out, is there just wasnt anyone around to willing to buy them out. There was no other option. There was no successful car manufacturer around willing to buy out the struggling ones - they were all in the same boat.
PlaneLogger: Online Spotting Log Book & Fleet Listings
mjoelnir
If somebody talks about MDC not getting bailed out, than Boeing did not get bailed out either. Or we can say they both got bailed out. They merged. So the today Boeing is the successor of both MDC and Boeing.
CowAnon
Does this sound like a company that needed to be bailed out?
McDonnell Dividend To Jump 71% (New York Times, 10/29/1994)
Flush with cash, McDonnell Douglas has decided to spend a bit on stockholders. It announced yesterday that it would repurchase 18 million shares, split the stock 3 for 1 and increase its dividend 71 percent, news that drove the stock up more than $15 a share to a record close.
When the merger was announced, the U.S. government could've forced a sale of the commercial aircraft division, since Boeing didn't want it anyway. I don't know if there were any companies that would've been interested in producing the MD-80, MD-90, or MD-11, though. (The Chinese government probably would've wanted it, considering they're still making what is essentially an MD-80 derivative.)
desertjets
The fact that the US Federal Government allowed all of the major aerospace firms to merge in the 90s reflected the post-cold war reality that we could not support 6+ major aerospace firms (and countless other smaller companies to got merged/acquired into the eventual big 3) with reduced military/defense budgets. While not a direct gov't bailout DOJ always had the ability to block them on anti-trust concerns.
The commercial side of MD was never the prize for Boeing anyways, it was always the military/rocket/missile side of the house.
Stop drop and roll will not save you in hell. --- seen on a church marque in rural Virginia
nikeherc
In the 90s the U.S. government decided that having seven or eight major defense contractors was causing inefficiency. Although McD was the largest defense contractor for much of that period, with the AV-8, the F-18 and the F-15 among other projects, it really irked the navy with the A-12. The government also decided that it wouldn't allow McD to joint venture with the Chinese (the only country that even considered it) on the double deck passenger plane that Douglas was proposing. By cutting off capital to the commercial side and squeezing McD on the military side, the government practically forced McDonnell-Douglas into Boeing's arms. The same thing happened to Rockwell. The reason this gets attention on this site is because it is focused on commercial airlines/airliners.
The fact that Lockheed and Martin, Northrop and Grumman were combined and Lockheed bought F-16 production from General Dynamics doesn't get the same attention here. That all of these mergers consolidations took place at the same time should be instructive.
DC6 to 777 and most things in between
KentB27
Getting bought out by Boeing was a better option than the government propping up McDonnell Douglas with taxpayer's money. Bailouts are a last resort to keep a company going when there is no other way. McDonnell Douglas didn't get bailed out because it wasn't necessary.
acjbbj wrote:
I see everyone saying how MDC was in bad shape and they had to get bought or go bankrupt.
I wonder about this too. I'd thought the same, but the late-1994 NY Times article I posted said that they were going to spend $2.5 billion on share buybacks, on top of the 71% dividend hike. Would those amounts cover the costs of a clean-sheet aircraft program at the time?
Would the 737 Max and 787 fiascos have happened if there were three big manufacturers instead of two?
They probably don't, although who knows if some other fiascos happen instead.
Would we have a better aviation industry?
For me yes, although just three big airframers isn't what I'd call a healthy marketplace, either. But we wouldn't have two old aluminum designs dominating the skies at the very least, and maybe we'd be on our way to other advancements like truss-braced wings or blended wing bodies.
Armadillo1 wrote:
Uninteresting answer, but better execution on the MD-11.
IMO, I think McDD was on the right track in trying to sell propfan derivatives. The aft fuselage mounting of the MD-80/90 seems to be disfavored, but its big advantage over low-wing engine-mounted planes is the ability to add ultra-high bypass engines without having to lengthen the landing gear. They quit in late 1989, but I would've kept at it until an airline bit - even going the try-before-you-buy route that Airbus used with the A300 and Eastern Airlines in the 1970s. If the MD-80/90 family with a propfan option could've held out until the 2000s, McDD would've made big money and marketshare gains selling propfan versions when oil prices started spiking.
After reading up on media reports from that period, I'm still not sure if McDD gave up on its own, or if the engine makers forced its hand. GE/Snecma were doing huge business with the CFM56, so it's understandable why they wouldn't want anything to cannibalize those sales (even though McDD flight tested the GE36 propfan for 240 hours, three times what was originally planned). Pratt & Whitney and Allison also had the 578-DX propfan, though, which was didn't undergo flight testing until April 1989, about 17 months late - and then only for 20 hours before tests ended. Allison didn't have much commercial business at the time, but PW was also a major partner in IAE, which placed the V2500 engine on the MD-90 after the propfan option was dropped. Was it PW or McDD that canceled flight testing when the V2500 family became an option? The V2500 was already on the Airbus A320, so that using engine doesn't help McDD much in comparison. One article said that the 578-DX was PW's fallback option rather than its preferred choice (they also had a couple of high-bypass ducted fan proposals ongoing), so I suspect PW hosed McDD (and Allison, who originated its propfan concept before PW bought in). GE/Snecma were inching away from the GE36 in 1989 -- you'd think that PW/Allison could've had a big opportunity with their 578-DX then, since it had been lagging the GE36 by 12-18 months in development.
Another mystery to me is that Delta made its MD-90 launch order of 50 planes and 110 options only a few weeks after McDD made the V2500 its sole engine option. Delta was one of only a few airlines to have previously bought MD-80 planes with the option to upgrade to propfan versions, though. Was the timing simply a coincidence? If it wasn't, did Delta only buy when it was assured that none of its competitors could buy propfan planes to compete against them?
nikeherc wrote:
Thanks, I didn't know that. The question then is why didn't McDD go with Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, General Dynamics, or Rockwell? Then maybe we'd still have a third airframe OEM. Or why the DoJ antitrust division didn't force the commercial division to be sold? Perhaps another company picks up the company for $1 (like BBD) and runs with it...
propfan in that times was a myth, for McDD, airbus and all others.
it is not a solution, but an issue to step over and do something else.
MD11 cant be better becouse too connected to DC10
both DC9 and DC10 family become obsolete at that time and need to build at least new wing NG version.


In the desert, water is precious.
Borderlands Brewing Company takes its social responsibility very seriously. We are a proud member of Conserve 2 Enhance a local organization that helps residences and businesses conserve water. We strive to reduce our water needs and reuse water whenever possible. We only use cleaning chemicals that are safe and non-toxic, and we send nothing down the drain that doesn't belong in our water table. We live where we brew, and we know that the only thing better than good beer is good water. Not all styles of beer can be made from all types of water. The natural water chemistry and mineral content can have a profound impact on the brewing process, and we choose to craft beers that work very well with water from the desert Southwest. The alternative would be to distill our water and add back in the appropriate minerals. However, this is a tremendously energy-intensive process, and seems irresponsible to us. Our water use philosophy means that we won't be able to make every beer style imaginable. However, it also means that you can always be assured that our beers are deliciously appropriate for the Southwest, and that they require the least amount of energy to produce.
Borderlands Brewing Company also works very hard to limit our energy consumption. We supplement our power with TEP's Bright Community Solar program, which reduces the amount of fossil fuels we use in the brewing process. We also optimize our distribution routs to limit the energy needed for beer distribution. Most of our beer is enjoyed just a few miles from where it is brewed. Not only does this provide fresher beer for you, but it also minimizes the fuel expended to transport beer across the country. We don't truck in our water from St. Louis. Why should we truck in our beer?
Local beer is sustainable beer. Borderlands Brewing Company produces beer that reflects the community that enjoys it. As part of that community, we provide our spent grain free of charge for use in composting. A lot of time and energy goes into growing and malting the grains that we use, and we believe it's only right that some of this energy and nutrients should be returned to the soil. By diverting our spent grain from the landfill we help to kept our beautiful desert environment pristine and our local farmer's and gardener's soil rich and healthy.


Thiamin (or thiamine) is one of the water-soluble B vitamins. It is also known as vitamin B1. Thiamin is naturally present in some foods, added to some food products, and available as a dietary supplement. This vitamin plays a critical role in energy metabolism and, therefore, in the growth, development, and function of cells .
Ingested thiamin from food and dietary supplements is absorbed by the small intestine through active transport at nutritional doses and by passive diffusion at pharmacologic doses . Most dietary thiamin is in phosphorylated forms, and intestinal phosphatases hydrolyze them to free thiamin before the vitamin is absorbed . The remaining dietary thiamin is in free (absorbable) form [1,2]. Humans store thiamin primarily in the liver, but in very small amounts . The vitamin has a short half-life, so people require a continuous supply of it from the diet.
About 80% of the approximately 25–30 mg of thiamin in the adult human body is in the form of thiamin diphosphate (TDP; also known as thiamin pyrophosphate), the main metabolically active form of thiamin. Bacteria in the large intestine also synthesize free thiamin and TDP, but their contribution, if any, to thiamin nutrition is currently unknown . TDP serves as an essential cofactor for five enzymes involved in glucose, amino acid, and lipid metabolism [1,3].
Levels of thiamin in the blood are not reliable indicators of thiamin status. Thiamin status is often measured indirectly by assaying the activity of the transketolase enzyme, which depends on TDP, in erythrocyte hemolysates in the presence and absence of added TDP . The result, known as the "TDP effect," reflects the extent of unsaturation of transketolase with TDP. The result is typically 0%–15% in healthy people, 15%–25% in those with marginal deficiency, and higher than 25% in people with deficiency. Another commonly used measure of thiamin status is urinary thiamin excretion, which provides data on dietary intakes but not tissue stores . For adults, excretion of less than 100 mcg/day thiamin in urine suggests insufficient thiamin intake, and less than 40 mcg/day indicates an extremely low intake .
Table 1 lists the current RDAs for thiamin . For infants from birth to 12 months, the FNB established an AI for thiamin that is equivalent to the mean intake of thiamin in healthy, breastfed infants.
Food sources of thiamin include whole grains, meat, and fish . Breads, cereals, and infant formulas in the United States and many other countries are fortified with thiamin .The most common sources of thiamin in the U.S. diet are cereals and bread . Pork is another major source of the vitamin. Dairy products and most fruits contain little thiamin . About half of the thiamin in the U.S. diet comes from foods that naturally contain thiamin; the remainder comes from foods to which thiamin has been added .
Heating foods containing thiamin can reduce their thiamin content. For example, bread has 20%–30% less thiamin than its raw ingredients, and pasteurization reduces thiamin content (which is very small to begin with) in milk by up to 20% . Because thiamin dissolves in water, a significant amount of the vitamin is lost when cooking water is thrown out . Processing also alters thiamin levels in foods; for example, unless white rice is enriched with thiamin, it has one tenth the amount of thiamin in unenriched brown rice .
Data on the bioavailability of thiamin from food are very limited . Some studies do show, however, that thiamin absorption increases when intakes are low .
Several food sources of thiamin are listed in Table 2.
*DV = Daily Value. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) developed DVs to help consumers compare the nutrient contents of products within the context of a total diet. The DV for thiamin used for the values in Table 2 is 1.5 mg for adults and children age 4 and older . This DV, however, is changing to 1.2 mg as the updated Nutrition and Supplement Facts labels are implemented . The updated labels and DVs must appear on food products and dietary supplements beginning in January 2020, but they can be used now . FDA does not require food labels to list thiamin content unless a food has been fortified with this nutrient. Foods providing 20% or more of the DV are considered to be high sources of a nutrient, but foods providing lower percentages of the DV also contribute to a healthful diet.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA's) Nutrient Database website  lists the nutrient content of many foods and provides a comprehensive list of foods containing thiamin arranged by nutrient content and by food name.
Thiamin is available in many dietary supplements. Multivitamin/multimineral supplements with thiamin typically provide about 1.5 mg thiamin (100% of the DV) and sometimes more . Supplements containing B-complex vitamins (including thiamin) or thiamin only are also available. The most commonly used forms of thiamin in supplements are thiamin mononitrate and thiamin hydrochloride, which are stable and water soluble [1,14].
Benfotiamine is a synthetic thiamin derivative that is used in some dietary supplements. Benfotiamine is not water soluble and is converted to thiamin in the body .
Most people in the United States consume the recommended amounts of thiamin. An analysis of data from the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey showed that only 6% of the U.S. population has a usual intake below the EAR .
Among children and teens, the average daily thiamin intake from foods is 1.27 mg for ages 2–5 years, 1.54 mg for ages 6–11 years, and 1.68 mg for ages 12–19 years . In adults aged 20 and older, the average daily thiamin intake from foods is 1.95 mg in men and 1.39 mg in women. The average daily thiamin intake from foods and supplements in children and teens is 1.51 mg for ages 2–5 years, 1.76 mg for ages 6–11 years, and 1.95 mg for ages 12–19 years. In adults aged 20 and older, the average daily thiamin intake from foods and supplements is 4.89 mg in men and 4.90 mg in women.
No current data on rates of thiamin deficiency in the U.S. population are available.
In addition to insufficient intakes of thiamin from the diet, the causes of thiamin deficiency include lower absorption or higher excretion rates than normal due, for example, to certain conditions (such as alcohol dependence or HIV/AIDS) or use of some medications .
In its early stage, thiamin deficiency can cause weight loss and anorexia, confusion, short-term memory loss, and other mental signs and symptoms; muscle weakness; and cardiovascular symptoms (such as an enlarged heart) .
The most common effect of thiamin deficiency is beriberi, which is characterized mainly by peripheral neuropathy and wasting [1-3]. People with this condition have impaired sensory, motor, and reflex functions. In rare cases, beriberi causes congestive heart failure that leads to edema in the lower limbs and, occasionally, death [1,3]. Although beriberi is rare in the United States and other developed countries, people in these countries do occasionally develop the condition [17-20]. Administration of supplemental thiamin, often parenterally, quickly cures beriberi [2,3].
A more common manifestation of thiamin deficiency in the United States is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome . This disorder is about 8–10 times more common in people with chronic alcoholism than in the general population, but it can also develop in patients who have severe gastrointestinal disorders, rapidly progressing hematologic malignancies, drug use disorders, or AIDS . In many patients, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome has two phases. The first, acute, and life-threatening stage, Wernicke's encephalopathy, is usually characterized by peripheral neuropathy [3,21]. Without treatment, up to 20% of people with Wernicke's encephalopathy die; those who survive develop Korsakoff's psychosis, although some people with Korsakoff's psychosis have not previously had Wernicke's encephalopathy [22,23]. Korsakoff's psychosis, an effect of chronic thiamin deficiency, is associated with severe short-term memory loss, disorientation, and confabulation (confusion between real and imagined memories) [1-3]. At this chronic state of the disorder, parenteral thiamin treatment does not lead to recovery in about one-quarter of patients .
The World Health Organization recommends daily oral doses of 10 mg thiamin for a week, followed by 3–5 mg/daily for at least 6 weeks, to treat mild thiamin deficiency . The recommended treatment for severe deficiency consists of 25–30 mg intravenously in infants and 50–100 mg in adults, then 10 mg daily administered intramuscularly for approximately one week, followed by 3–5 mg/day oral thiamin for at least 6 weeks.
The following groups are among those most likely to have inadequate thiamin status.
In highly industrialized countries, chronic alcohol use disorders appear to be the most common cause of thiamin deficiency . Up to 80% of people with chronic alcoholism develop thiamin deficiency because ethanol reduces gastrointestinal absorption of thiamin, thiamin stores in the liver, and thiamin phosphorylation [3,21]. Also, people with alcoholism tend to have inadequate intakes of essential nutrients, including thiamin.
Up to 20%–30% of older adults have laboratory indicators that suggest some degree of thiamin deficiency [2,7]. Possible reasons include low dietary intakes, a combination of chronic diseases, concomitant use of multiple medications, and low absorption of thiamin as a natural result of aging [26,27]. Some small studies have found that the risk of deficiency is particularly high in elderly people who reside in an institution [28,29].
People with HIV infection have an increased risk of thiamin deficiency and its sequelae, including beriberi and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome [1,30]. Autopsies of 380 people with AIDS found that almost 10% had Wernicke's encephalopathy , and some experts believe that thiamin deficiency is underdiagnosed in this population . The association between thiamin deficiency and HIV/AIDS is probably due to malnutrition as a result of the catabolic state associated with AIDS.
Some small studies have found that thiamin levels in plasma are up to 76% lower in people with type 1 diabetes than in healthy volunteers and 50%–75% lower in people with type 2 diabetes [33,34]. Other studies have shown a higher risk of thiamin deficiency in people with type 1 and/or type 2 diabetes based on tests of erythrocyte transketolase activity [35,36]. These lower thiamin levels might be due to increases in clearance of thiamin by the kidneys. The relevance of these effects to clinical prognosis or outcomes is not known.
Bariatric surgery for weight loss is associated with some risks, including severe thiamin deficiency due to malabsorption that can lead to beriberi or Wernicke's encephalopathy. A 2008 literature review identified 84 cases of Wernicke's encephalopathy after bariatric surgery (primarily gastric bypass surgery) between 1991 and 2008 . About half of these patients experienced long-lasting neurologic impairments. Micronutrient supplements that include thiamin are almost always recommended for patients following bariatric surgery to avoid deficiencies .
This section focuses on four diseases or disorders in which thiamin does or might play a role: Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, diabetes, heart failure, and Alzheimer's disease.
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is one of the most severe neuropsychiatric sequelae of alcohol abuse . The authors of a 2013 Cochrane review of thiamin to treat or prevent Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome found only two studies that met their inclusion criteria, and one of these studies has not been published . These randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials compared 5 mg/day by mouth for 2 weeks or daily intramuscular doses of 5 to 200 mg/day thiamin over 2 consecutive days in a total of 177 people with a history of chronic alcohol use. The Cochrane review authors concluded that the evidence from randomized clinical trials is insufficient to guide healthcare providers in selecting the appropriate dose, frequency, duration, or route of thiamin supplementation to treat or prevent Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome in patients with alcohol abuse.
The authors of the European Federation of Neurological Societies guidelines for diagnosing, preventing, and treating Wernicke's encephalopathy note that even high doses of oral thiamin supplements might not be effective in raising blood thiamin levels or curing Wernicke's encephalopathy . They recommend 200 mg thiamin, preferably intravenously, three times daily (total of 600 mg/day) until the signs and symptoms stop, along with a balanced diet. In its guidelines for managing Wernicke's encephalopathy in emergency departments, the Royal College of Physicians in London supports the administration of oral thiamin hydrochloride (100 mg three times a day) in patients with adequate dietary intakes of thiamin and no signs or symptoms of Wernicke's encephalopathy . However, the authors recommend parenteral thiamin supplementation for patients at high risk, such as those with ataxia, confusion, and a history of chronic alcohol misuse, because oral supplementation is unlikely to produce adequate blood levels.
The proportion of people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes who have poor thiamin status based on erythrocyte transketolase activity ranges from 17% to 79% in studies conducted to date . In a study of 76 consecutive patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, for example, 8% had mild thiamin deficiency and 32% had moderate deficiency based on assays of the transketolase enzyme .
Some small studies have shown that oral supplementation with 150–300 mg/day thiamin can decrease glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance [43,44]. However, the authors of these studies did not assess the potential clinical significance of these findings.
A few small randomized studies have assessed the effects of benfotiamine supplements on diabetic neuropathy. Three studies found that, compared to placebo, 120–900 mg/day benfotiamine with or without other B-vitamins decreased the severity of neuropathy symptoms and lowered urinary albumin excretion (a marker of early-stage diabetic nephropathy) [45-47]. However, another study found no effect of 900 mg/day benfotiamine on urinary excretion of albumin or kidney injury molecule-1, a marker of kidney injury .
Well-designed studies with larger sample sizes and longer durations are required to determine whether thiamin supplements can reduce glucose levels in patients with diabetes or decrease diabetic compications.
The rates of poor thiamin status in patients with heart failure have ranged in studies from 21% to 98% . Explanations for this association include older age, comorbidities, insufficient dietary intake, treatment with diuretics, and frequent hospitalizations .
The authors of one study reported that 33% of 100 patients with chronic heart failure had thiamin deficiency compared to 12% of 50 healthy volunteers . Rates of deficiency were even higher when the investigators excluded those who used thiamin supplements. The different rates of thiamin deficiency in patients with heart failure in these and other studies are probably due to differences in nutrition status, comorbidities, medications and dietary supplements used, and techniques used to measure thiamin status .
The authors of a systematic literature review and meta-analysis found two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of thiamin supplementation in people with heart failure that met their eligibility criteria . In these trials, thiamin supplements significantly improved net change in left ventricular ejection fraction. The authors did not assess the clinical significance of this finding, however.
More research is needed to determine whether thiamin supplements might benefit people with heart failure, even if they have normal thiamin status.
According to animal model studies, thiamin deficiency might play a role in the development of Alzheimer's disease . For example, thiamin deficiency produces oxidative stress in neurons, death of neurons, loss of memory, plaque formation, and changes in glucose metabolism—all markers of Alzheimer's disease. Autopsy studies have shown that transketolase and other thiamin-dependent enzymes have decreased activity in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease [54,55].
Few studies have assessed the prevalence of thiamin deficiency in people with Alzheimer's disease. One of these studies found that 13% of 150 patients with cognitive impairment and acute-onset behavioral disturbances were considered thiamin deficient based on plasma levels .
The authors of a 2001 Cochrane review assessed three double-blind, randomized trials (including two crossover trials) that compared the effects of 3 g/day oral thiamin to placebo on cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's type dementia . The three studies randomly assigned fewer than 20 patients each, and the two crossover studies did not include a washout period [57-59]. The review authors stated that it was not possible to draw any conclusions from these three studies because they were small and the publications describing them did not provide enough detail to combine these data in a meta-analysis.
Larger, well-designed studies are needed to determine whether thiamin supplements are beneficial for Alzheimer's disease.
The body excretes excess amounts of thiamin in the urine . Because of the lack of reports of adverse effects from high thiamin intakes (50 mg/day or more) from food or supplements, the FNB did not establish ULs for thiamin . They hypothesize that the apparent lack of toxicity may be explained by the rapid decline in absorption of thiamin at intakes above 5 mg. However, the FNB noted that in spite of the lack of reported adverse events, excessive intakes of thiamin could have adverse effects.
Although thiamin is not known to interact with any medications, certain medications can have an adverse effect on thiamin levels. Some examples are provided below. Individuals taking these and other medications on a regular basis should discuss their thiamin status with their healthcare providers.
Furosemide (Lasix®) is a loop diuretic used to treat edema and hypertension by increasing urinary output. Research has linked the use of furosemide to decreases in thiamin concentrations, possibly to deficient levels, as a result of urinary thiamin loss [51,60,61]. Whether thiamin supplements are effective for preventing thiamin deficiency in patients taking loop diuretics needs to be determined in clinical studies.
Fluorouracil (also known as 5-fluorouracil; Adrucil®) is a chemotherapy drug that is commonly used to treat colorectal and other solid cancers. The published literature includes several cases of beriberi or Wernicke's encephalopathy resulting from treatment with this drug, possibly because the drug might increase thiamin metabolism and block the formation of TDP, the active form of thiamin [62-65]. Thiamin supplements might reverse some of these effects.
Many whole grains are good sources of thiamin, and yogurt contains thiamin.
Pork, fish, and seafood are good or high sources of thiamin. Beef, beans, and seeds contain thiamin.
Allen L, de Benoist B, Dary O, Hurrell R, eds. Guidelines on Food Fortification with Micronutrients . Geneva: World Health Organization and Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations; 2006.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 27 . Nutrient Data Laboratory home page, 2014.
National Institutes of Health. Dietary Supplement Label Database . 2014.
Aguilar F, Charrondiere UR, Dusemund B, Galtier P, Gilbert J, Gott DM, et al. Benfotiamine, thiamine monophosphate chloride and thiamine pyrophosphate chloride, as sources of vitamin B1 added for nutritional purposes to food supplements: Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS). EFSA J 2008;864:1-31.
Thomson AD, Guerrini I, Marshall EJ. The evolution and treatment of Korsakoff's syndrome: out of sight, out of mind? Neuropsychol Rev 2012;22:81-92.
World Health Organization. Thiamine Deficiency and Its Prevention and Control in Major Emergencies . Geneva; 1999.
Ito Y, Yamanaka K, Susaki H, Igata A. A cross-investigation between thiamin deficiency and the physical condition of elderly people who require nursing care. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2012;58:210-6.
Lu'o'ng KV, Nguyen LT. The role of thiamine in cancer: possible genetic and cellular signaling mechanisms. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2013;10:169-85.
Galvin R, Brathen G, Ivashynka A, Hillbom M, Tanasescu R, Leone MA. EFNS guidelines for diagnosis, therapy and prevention of Wernicke encephalopathy. Eur J Neurol 2010;17:1408-18.
Page GL, Laight D, Cummings MH. Thiamine deficiency in diabetes mellitus and the impact of thiamine replacement on glucose metabolism and vascular disease. Int J Clin Pract 2011;65:684-90.
Wooley JA. Characteristics of thiamin and its relevance to the management of heart failure. Nutr Clin Pract 2008;23:487-93.
DiNicolantonio JJ, Niazi AK, Lavie CJ, O'Keefe JH, Ventura HO. Thiamine supplementation for the treatment of heart failure: a review of the literature. Congest Heart Fail 2013;19:214-22.
Hanninen SA, Darling PB, Sole MJ, Barr A, Keith ME. The prevalence of thiamin deficiency in hospitalized patients with congestive heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;47:354-61.
Blass JP, Gleason P, Brush D, DiPonte P, Thaler H. Thiamine and Alzheimer's disease. A pilot study. Arch Neurol 1988;45:833-5.
Meador K, Loring D, Nichols M, Zamrini E, Rivner M, Posas H, et al. Preliminary findings of high-dose thiamine in dementia of Alzheimer's type. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1993;6:222-9.
Seligmann H, Halkin H, Rauchfleisch S, Kaufmann N, Motro M, Vered Z, et al. Thiamine deficiency in patients with congestive heart failure receiving long-term furosemide therapy: a pilot study. Am J Med 1991;91:151-5.
Kondo K, Fujiwara M, Murase M, Kodera Y, Akiyama S, Ito K, et al. Severe acute metabolic acidosis and Wernicke's encephalopathy following chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin: case report and review of the literature. Jpn J Clin Oncol 1996;26:234-6.
Papila B, Yildiz O, Tural D, Delil S, Hasiloglu ZI, Ayan F, et al. Wernicke's Encephalopathy in Colon Cancer. Case Rep Oncol 2010;3:362-7.
U.S. Department of Agriculture, US DHHS. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010 . Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office; 2010.


text:
2,700 Police Officers at 4 Demonstrations in Cologne Today
Photo: Facebook Police Cologne
By Gunther Braun, Sunday, 31.7.2016, 14:21 News
Turks from Cologne and other parts of Germany began gathering today, July 31, 2016 near the Deutzer Werft shipyard at the Rhine River to show their support for Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, bild.de reports. Organisers of the demonstration expect 50,000 people to gather, while authorities are counting with some 20,000.
As a reaction to the demonstration which is set to begin at the Deutzer Werft, Erdoğan opponents brave enough to openly show their difference in opinion will gather in another part of Germany's fourth biggest town, the Heumarkt. The demonstration has been organised by an alliance of more parties. Some 2,000 people are expected here.
A German far-right organisation has also registered a demonstration for today, and there is also a counter demonstration to that demonstration organised.
The pro-Erdoğan demonstration has been heavily criticised by a (large) part of the German public, who view it as an export of conflicts from Turkey to Germany. Most of Turks living in Germany are pro-Erdoğan, at least the louder ones. Organisers of the pro-Erdoğan demonstrations had also planned for a live Erdoğan speech to be broadcasted on a large screen, but German courts forbade the idea. Instead, the Turkish Sports Minister is expected to speak in Cologne today.
Police forces at the demonstrations will be over 2,700 officers strong with colleagues from other parts of Germany also present, as the Cologne Police informed via Facebook.
Officially there are 1.5 million Turks living in Germany, but the number at least doubles when all people of Turkish descent living in Germany are counted.
Gunther Braun
Born in northern Germany, Günther moved to Bavaria at an early age, falling in love with Munich and its magical mountains and lakes to the south.
A keen hiker and computer programmer by profession, Günther is keen to make the world of Munich more accessible to the English-speaking world. You can contact him on [email protected]