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Humanizing humanity: For a post-secular humanism
Fred Dallmayr
Maple forest in Ontario, Canada. (Credit: PavelS/Bigstock) (via: bit.ly)
"Humanizing humanity"—a strange expression. It seems like a pleonasm, like saying the same thing twice. It appears like a doubling or heaping up of images without semantic gain—as when someone is said to "carry coals to Newcastle" or "owls to Athens." Clearly, in these cases, the doubling of terms is pointless: since one knows quite well the meaning of one term, the second is redundant. However, in the expression "humanizing humanity," the situation may be different. For, do we really know the meaning of the terms? Who has definitively settled or pinpointed this meaning? Is it traditional philosophy—say, by speaking of the "animal with reason"? Or it is modern empirical science—say, one of the social sciences like anthropology, or all of the sciences together? Actually, it appears that we are quite ignorant in this field—which is curious. While modern science has analyzed and provided knowledge of distant galaxies as well as the inner workings of atomic and sub-atomic particles, the meaning of humanity or the "human" seems to elude us. Some might say that the meaning has an "apophatic" quality, in the sense that the terms are not compact signifiers but pointers or cues.
As indicated, the ignorance in this field is frustrating in view of the obvious advances of modern science. In order to advance, science has found it advisable to become more and more specialized—which, in the case of "humanity," seems to require a specialized focus on the "human" abstracting from all "non-human" elements, especially from such fields as external nature and the divine. However, it may be precisely this penchant for specialization which leads inquiry astray. Maybe the notions of humanity and "human being" have an inescapably holistic or relational quality, with the result that they cannot be defined in narrowly "anthropocentric" terms. The issue how narrowly anthropocentric or how broadly holistic the notions should be construed has been a battlefield in philosophy and theology for a long time and especially during the last one hundred years.
In the following I want to convey a flavor of this ongoing battle (which has by no means come to an end). Since it seems most instructive, I shall start with a discussion of Christian, more specifically evangelical or Protestant, theology. Referring to the leading Protestant theologian of the twentieth century, Karl Barth, I shall review how Reformed Christian thought has struggled with the problem of the boundary or else relationship between God and humanity. In a second step, I turn to a similar struggle within late-modern European philosophy, where an initial anthropocentric humanism and "existentialism" were challenged by the "postmodern" turn toward radical transcendence and "absolute otherness," only in order to give way more recently to a differentiated balance or symbiosis. By way of conclusion I shall reflect again on the "apophatic" quality of humanity or the "human."
Karl Barth and Humanism
Despite its potentially global outreach, Christianity has always been mainly a "Western" religion. In different ways, it has accompanied and influenced the successive stages of Western civilization—from the Middle Ages to Renaissance and Reformation to the modern (increasingly secularizing) "age of science." Given their close civilizational ties, it was inevitable that Christianity and Christian theology would also—in varying degrees—be influenced by these historical developments. In modernity, following the Enlightenment, it was particularly Protestantism—more than other denominations—that would undergo worldly or "secular" influences. Thus, in opposition to certain reactionary or dogmatic tendencies in Catholicism, Protestant theologians displayed a remarkable openness or receptivity toward the modern "winds of change"—especially the winds of science, liberalism, and democratic self-government. This openness was the hallmark of what came to be known as "liberal Protestantism"—whose arc reaches from the great philosopher-preacher Friedrich Schleiermacher to such leading theologians as Ernst Troetsch and Adolf von Harnack in the late 19th and early 20th century (certainly an impressive tradition).
No doubt, in distancing itself from dogmatism and autocracy, liberal Protestantism made valuable contributions to modern life; its drawback was its potential subservience to questionable idola fori, including a self-centered liberal humanism. No one has discussed the strengths and weaknesses of this theology more aptly than Karl Barth (1886-1968), the Reformed theologian from Basel. In a well-known article, Barth lucidly pinpointed the pluses and minuses of "Evangelical Theology in the 19th Century." In their religious orientation, he wrote, theologians of that time proceeded largely along the lines of Enlightenment teachings; however, in contrast to strict Enlightenment rationalism, 19th century theologians shifted their focus in a more narrowly anthropocentric direction: namely, to "man's supposedly innate and essential capacity to 'sense and taste the infinite' as Schleiermacher put it, or the 'religious apriori' as later affirmed by Troeltsch." As a result, theological discussion centered not so much on God, but on "the existence of the believing man [or human being]." For Barth, theology's "secularism" or world-openness signaled definitely a break with dogmatic authority, but the break exacted a steep theological cost. With all its energies "captivated by the world," he wrote, "19th-century theology achieved surprisingly little in terms of a new and positive understanding of Christian truth." The secular winds of the time were "enthusiastically welcomed and allowed to enter the Church freely through the outside doors." However, this same openness was "bound to threaten, indeed to undermine, both theology and the Church with impoverishment and triviality." The outside winds "brought not merely fresh air, but also notoriously foul air" (Barth as cited in Thomas & Weiser, 1960, pp. 19, 21, 24).
Liberal Protestantism in the sense just described came to an abrupt and dramatic end with World War I. The war terminated not only the traditional European system of monarchies and dynasties, but also—and more importantly—the naïve humanistic progressivism of the 19th century, especially the trust in humanity's capacity to build (or engineer) "God's kingdom" on earth by human means. The ensuing inter-bellum period was a time of intense philosophical and theological soul-searching. In the context of Christian churches, it was primarily Reformed theology under the leadership of Barth which pleaded for a radical break with the past, that is, for a resolute shift of the theological focus from humanity to the transcendence and "otherness" of God. As Barth wrote later—in a partly self-critical vein—what happened in those years was a dramatic "change of direction" (Wendung), in fact "a precipitous break with the ruling theology of the time," a theology "more or less liberal representing the climax of a development which had successfully asserted itself for two or three centuries" and which had cultivated an "anthropocentric, and in this sense humanistic outlook." For theologians caught up in this development, to think about God meant "to think in a scarcely veiled fashion about man [or humanity]." As a result, Barth continued, the theological ship was "threatening to run aground"; hence, the moment was at hand "to turn the rudder an angle of exactly 180 degrees." This turning gave rise to a new language: especially to appeals to the "'wholly other' breaking in upon us 'perpendicularly from above'," to the "infinite qualitative distinction between God and man," or the "vacuum, the mathematical point and tangent where alone they can meet"[1] (Barth as cited in Thomas & Weiser, 1960, pp. 38-39, 41-42).
The radical theological term-about in the inter-bellum years was surely extreme. No matter how desirable and perhaps even necessary it was as a corrective to liberal progressivism, its non- or anti-human slant was hardly judicious. Curiously, it was again Barth who—in a lecture of 1956 appropriately titled "The Humanity of God"—gave the signal for a new and more balanced approach. As he pointed out, it was not a matter of simply discarding the earlier critique (of progressivism) but of restating it in a mere adequate and judicious way. Quite simply, the earlier "Wendung" had overshot its goal. What concerned us and what "forcibly impressed" us forty years ago, Barth commented, was "not so much the humanity of God as His deity," that is, His being "absolutely unique in His relation to man and the world, overpoweringly lofty and distant, strange, yes even wholly other." As a result, the "humanity of God" had moved "from the center to the periphery." But this decentering could not finally be maintained; in a way, he added, "we were wrong exactly where we were right." For it could not ultimately escape us "that the deity of the living God—and we certainly wanted to deal with Him—found its meaning and its power only in the context of His history and of His dialogue with man [humanity] and thus in His togetherness with human beings." Thus, what we had to rediscover and reaffirm was "God's sovereign togetherness with man [human beings], a togetherness grounded in Him," His status as "the partner of man [humanity], though of course as the absolutely superior partner" (Barth as cited in Thomas & Weiser, 1960, pp. 37-38, 44-45).
For a Christian theologian, of course, the humanity of God is disclosed and attested to above all in the person of Jesus Christ in whom God and human being are fully reconciled. In Barth's words: "In Jesus Christ there is no isolation of man from God or of God from man. Rather, in Him we encounter the history, the dialogue, in which God and man [humanity] meet together and are together, the reality of the covenant mutually contracted, preserved, and fulfilled by them." Thus, Jesus Christ is the emblem of the togetherness and partnership of God and humanity, of the divine and the human—a togetherness which eludes the options of fusion and separation, of identity and radical difference. As Barth writes: "Jesus Christ is in His one person, as true God, man's loyal partner, and as true man, God's partner." Differently stated: "He is the Word spoken from the loftiest, most luminous transcendence and likewise the Word heard in the deepest, darkest immanence. He is both, without their being confused but also without their being divided; He is wholly the one and wholly the other." Seen in this way, Jesus is also a sheet anchor standing against any radical divisiveness, opposition or enmity. For the same reason, Jesus is the incarnation of the meaning of the "kingdom of God" and also of the promised "peace on earth." "He is," Barth concludes, "in His person the covenant in its fullness, the kingdom of heaven which is at hand, in which God speaks and man hears, God gives and man receives . . . [and thus also the warrant of] peace on earth that comes to pass among human beings in whom He is well pleased." In the words of Paul's letter to Titus (3:4), God's truth from this angle is "His loving-kindness and nothing else" (Barth as cited in Thomas & Weiser, 1960, pp. 46-47, 52).
From Existentialism to Postmodernism and Beyond
From this review of Reformed theology in the last century I turn now to parallel and roughly contemporary developments in Continental or European philosophy. Using a broad generalization, one can say that modern Western philosophy was always human-centered—although this focus was initially quite porous and recessed and only slowly acquired the character of a "buffered" anthropocentrism (to use Charles Taylor's term). Thus, Renaissance thinking favored a remarkably rich humanistic outlook (exemplified by Marsillo Ficino, Petrarca and others); but the outlook was still tempered by classical standards. The real breakthrough to a human-centered focus came with René Descartes who anchored all knowledge and experience in the human mind (or cogito). From that point on, the development of Western philosophy led through the Baroque age to the era of Enlightenment with its celebration of human rationality (and a transcendent "deity" patterned on human reason). During the 19th century, the rapid advances of natural science and the rise of "positive" social sciences led to a certain retreat of humanism in favor of an accent on social or economic processes. The dramatic upheavals of the next century, however, fostered a renewal and re-affirmation of the humanist legacy now seen as a bulwark against social and political decay. In the present context, I want to lift up briefly two exemplars of this re-affirmation: Ernst Cassirer and Jean-Paul Sartre. While the former, in a neo-Kantian vein, championed humanity as the embodiment of the rational cogito, the latter perceived it as the dynamic engine of active self-assertion and self-production.
A broadly trained philosopher, Cassirer was intimately familiar with the entire trajectory and deeper impulses of European humanism. In the midst of the Second World War Cassirer (then teaching at Yale University) penned a text—titled An Essay on Man—which aptly pinpointed the most salient aspects of this humanist trajectory. For Cassirer, the central and most admirable feature was the accent on reason, rational self-reflection, and the steady deepening of human self-awareness. As he stated in the opening lines: "That self-knowledge is the highest aim of philosophy appears to be generally acknowledged." Despite differences among philosophical schools, this aim has remained firm and invariable through the centuries: "It proved to be the Archimedean point, the fixed and immovable center, of all [Western] thought." The notion that the essence of humanity or the "human" can be detected through self-reflection and rigorous "introspection" seemed to Cassirer an uncontested premise. This means that humanity reflecting or focusing on itself was seen as the proper and only reliable path for human self-discovery and self-knowledge. This insight, to be sure, was not instantaneous and evolved over many centuries. "The farther we trace the development of humanity from its beginnings," the Essay states, "the more the introvert [or introspective] view seems to come to the fore." In due course, such introspection invaded and overwhelmed traditional cosmology, giving it a more human-centered or anthropological cast. Eventually, this same process also came to permeate religious faith: "In all higher forms of religious life, the maxim 'know thyself' is regarded as a categorical imperative, as an ultimate moral and religious law" (Cassirer, 1944, pp. 1-3).
In modern Western thought, introspection was given a powerful boost by Descartes' stress on the "cogito" or "ego cogitans." With Descartes, Cassirer comments, "the question 'What is Man?' is transformed and, so to speak, raised to a higher level." For, "now for the first time the scientific spirit, in the modern sense of the word, enters the lists." What happened was that, in modern thought, inner self-knowledge was linked with refined forms of logical analysis and new methods of empirical inquiry and experimentation. As a result of this linkage, the cogito achieved a new kind of freedom: it was able not only to know itself and the world but to intervene actively in the world and transform it according to its own agendas or designs. In Cassirer's words: In modernity, "man no longer lives in the world as a prisoner enclosed within the narrow walls of a finite physical universe"; rather, especially with the help of technical or technological inventions, human beings are able to "traverse the air and break through all the imaginary boundaries" established by earlier cosmologies and theological doctrines. As a result, the human mind becomes not only an infinite knower, but an infinite doer, designer, and engineer: "The human intellect becomes aware of its own infinity through measuring its powers against the infinite universe" (Cassirer, 1944, pp. 8-9, 13-16).
The dynamic activism or progressivism hinted at in Cassirer's Essay was matched and outdone by a new intellectual movement spreading at the time on the European Continent: "existentialism." Despite different—even conflicting—versions of the movement, existentialism in the public mind tended to be identified preponderantly with the writings of Jean-Paul Sartre. In Sartre's philosophy, the activist dimension achieved primacy—to the degree that the meaning of humanity or "being human" was identified with an act of human self-construction or self-constitution. As Sartre wrote in a famous text published shortly after the great war—Existentialism is a Humanism (1946)—epistemic insight is necessarily preceded by action. In his words: What so-called "existentialists" have in common is simply the fact that "they believe that existence comes before essence or, if you will, that we must begin from human subjectivity" (that is, the practical cogito). This means that there is no pre-given "human nature" which determines or shapes human beings; rather, it is bare human "existence" which constructs or designs whatever meaning humanity or human life may have. This, in turn, is predicated on the assumption of a radical, even "transcendental" freedom and non-determinacy. Underscoring this point, the text adds: "Man is nothing else but what he makes himself. That is, the first principle of existentialism; and this is what we mean by 'subjectivity'." Differently phrased: With no banisters to rely on, "we are left alone, without excuse. That is: man is condemned to be free" (Sartre, 1946, pp. 26-28, 34, 55-56).[2]
The vogue of existentialism in Europe lasted barely two decades. In large measure, the year 1968—with its massive anti-Vietnam demonstrations and its attack on the government in Paris—triggered a radical intellectual reorientation or change of direction, a change which for a number of reasons took the form of an anti-existentialist, and to that extent anti-humanist, character. Since the center of existentialism had been located in France, the revolt not surprisingly was spearheaded by a number of French philosophers or intellectuals, chiefly by Jacques Derrida and Michel Foucault. Although himself rooted in classical (quasi-Cartesian) phenomenology, Derrida broke with the rationalist strand and proceeded to debunk or "deconstruct" the preponderance of the "cogito" and "subjectivity" in modern philosophy. In an essay titled "The Ends of Man" (Les fins de l'homme) penned in 1968, Derrida sharply distinguished between two meanings of "end" or 'telos': one which (with Cassirer) sees the goal of thinking in ever greater self-knowledge and rational self-transparency; and another kind which draws attention precisely to the terminal limits, the finality or finitude of human thought. As he said, the time had come to "switch" to the second telos. Thus, in opposition to the "high tide" of humanism and anthropocentrism of earlier years, he joined forces resolutely with the "anti-humanist and anti-anthropological ebb that followed—and in which we are now." A primary guidepost for this radical change was found in Nietzsche's notion of the "over-man" (Übermensch), a revolutionary figure who "ruptures the bonds of the human" without "turning back to what he leaves behind" (Derrida, 1972, pp. 115-117, 135-136).
Despite his more cognitive or epistemic leanings Nietzsche also served as the herald, at the time for Michel Foucault. For the latter, humanism epitomized by the cogito had for too long served as the linchpin or bedrock of Western philosophy. As he noted in his book The Order of Things—at the end of a grand overview of successive stages of epistemology—a major sea-change was happening at the present time: a change that affected above all the "figure of man" that had dominated modern Western thought. "Strangely enough," he stated, man (or human being) "is probably no more than a kind of rift in the order of things," a rift exposing as illusory "all the chimeras of the new humanisms." A relatively recent invention and a mere "wrinkle" in the fabric of knowledge, it was possible to predict that "man" will "disappear again as soon as that knowledge (episteme) had discovered a new form." At this point, Nietzsche's work was prominently invoked, especially his condemnation of the "last man" (seen as a synonym for bourgeois complacency). "In our day," Foucault stated, "and once again Nietzsche indicated the turning point from a long way off, it is not so much the absence or the death of God that is affirmed as the end of man (that narrow, imperceptible displacement, that recession in the form of identity, which are the reason why man's finitude has become his end)" (Foucault, 1970, pp. xxii-xxiv).
Surely, a provocative phrase: "the end of man." But what did the phrase entail? With the erasure or deconstruction of the "figure of man," what was the proposed alternative focus or orientation? In this respect, the "change of direction" proved to be quite elusive. To some extent, the change signified simply the denial or negation of the earlier humanism; but in favor of what? At a closer look, the postmodern literature at the time offered only a broad formula: a formula captured variously in such terms as "otherness," "the other," even the "absolute other." But did "otherness" really point to something radically alien or external to humanity? A participant in the change, the philosopher Emmanuel Levinas adopted a mid-way position: while critical of the older humanism and himself attracted to otherness, he simply shifted human-ness or the quality of the "human face" away from the self to the other, thus arriving at the formula (serving also as book title) "Humanism of the Other" (Humanisme de l'autre homme) (Levinas, 1972). But this move still left completely open the meaning of both humanism and otherness.
Sooner or later, the postmodern enthusiasm was bound to ebb and give way to more sober assessments. Levinas himself was one of the first to complain about the linguistic excesses of postmodern writers, implicitly taking to task his compatriots Derrida and Foucault. Pointing to such catch phrases as "the end of humanism," "the death of man" and the "death of God," he castigated them as "apocalyptic ideas or else intellectual high-society slogans" (Levinas, 1972, pp. 62-64). Curiously, some of the (implicitly) critiqued authors soon followed suit. In 1980, Derrida delivered a lecture titled "Of an Apocalyptic Tone Newly Adopted in Philosophy." Barely four years later, the same author published a paper with the stark title "No Apocalypse, Not Now" (which contained the startling phrase that "the stakes of the nuclear question are those of humanity, of the humanities").[3] Under the impact of these and similar texts, the discussion of humanism began to take slowly another turn, making room for calmer, non-apocalyptic appraisals, appraisals staying clear of both anthropocentrism and radical transcendentalism. For the sake of brevity, I want to lift up here briefly the relevant texts of two authors: Martin Heidegger and Theodor Adorno. As it seems to me, both thinkers can serve as guideposts toward an "other" humanism where humanity is seen not as the proprietor but as the guardian or care-taker of the world.
Humanity as Guardian
What the notion of an "other" humanism involves is not a simple rehabilitation of traditional conceptions but a transgression which seeks to avoid the mentioned pitfalls. Basically, what is at stake is not so much an erasure or "end of man" but a deflation of anthropocentrism in favor of a released human openness to others, nature, and the recessed ground or un-ground of beings (often designated as "God"). While rejecting the predatory appropriation of others, this kind of openness is receptive to follow beings, but not in the sense of an utter passivity or "heteronomy" Theodor Adorno, co-architect of the early Frankfurt School, has coined a formula for this "other" kind of humanism in his Negative Dialectics where he recommended the deflation or "reductio hominis" in opposition to the traditional anthropocentrism (seen as a "reductio ad hominem"). Over long stretches, Adorno's book takes aim at the long-standing Western fascination with self-centered humanism together with its corollaries of rugged individualism and acquisitive "subjectivity." Although widely propagated as part of a process of liberation and emancipation, this fascination for Adorno has carried a steep price. As a "penalty for it self-gratification," he wrote, human subjectivity has increasingly become "incarcerated in its own selfhood," condemned to gaze at fellow-beings and the world "like a knight through the casemate of a fortress" (Adorno, 1966, pp. 141,179,185).[4]
Adorno's study arrived in the postmodern scene with some delay (having to do in large part with the difficulties of translation). An even longer hiatus delayed the public reception of another major text: Martin Heidegger's "Letter on Humanism" of 1947 (in this case, however, delay had largely to do with general political considerations). In his "Letter," Heidegger articulated his own "reductio hominis," namely, a view of humanity as not self-contained but "ek-static" and open-ended. This view had already been anticipated in Being and Time (1927) where human existence (Dasein) was presented not as a fixed substance nor as the result of inner self-constitution but as a being moved by "care" (Sorge) in an ongoing search for meaning and truth. This image was strongly reinforced—but also cleansed of lingering anthropocentric features—in the "Letter" which carefully steered a course between traditional humanism and a deconstructive anti-humanism. Quite explicitly, the text debunked the self-centered and self-constituting type of "existentialism" familiar from Sartre's writings. In Heidegger's view, this type merely re-stated traditional humanism in a more constructive or dynamic language—but without overcoming it (Heidegger, 1947 as cited in Krell, 1977, pp. 208-209).
While distancing himself from self-making, Heidegger was by no means willing to endorse such hyperbolic conceptions as the "end of man" or "death of the subject." As he pointed out, critique of traditional anthropocentrism has no truck with an anti-human impulse, and especially not with any desire to "vindicate inhumanity or debase human dignity." What is required is not the abolition of "man" nor a blind leap into "otherness," but rather the formulation of a new, more receptive and relational vision of human existence—a vision bringing into view a new or "other" kind of humanism. "If we decide to keep the label," the "Letter" stated, "the term 'humanism' signifies that human nature is indeed crucial for the truth of Being [the latter seen as the ground or un-ground of beings]—but crucial precisely in a way where everything does not depend on human existence alone or as such." It is at this point that Heidegger introduces his famous notion of human being as the care-taker, guardian or "shepherd" of Being—a notion radically at odds with any conception human mastery or control. As such a care-taker, human existence shoulders an enormous responsibility and is called into caring service—but without ascribing to itself any particular preeminence or privilege. "Seen as the 'ek-static' project of Being," we read, "human being is more than animal rationale precisely by being less in comparison with humanity's construal in terms of subjectivity. Humankind is not the master of reality, but rather the shepherd of Being" (Heidegger, 1947 as cited in Krell, 1977, pp. 221-225, 231).[5]
As can be seen, Adorno's and Heidegger's "reductio hominis" implies that humanity or human being cannot be defined in isolation or in abstraction from all the relations in which it is embedded, that is, from the wholeness of Being. Another implication is that human being cannot be compressed into a factually given condition; seen as open-ended, human-ness always points beyond itself, that is, from actuality to potentiality or possibility (including a promised possibility). This constitutive openness brings into view humanity's transformative quality: that is, its possible transformation into a more genuine or deeper humanity (Menschwerdung) or a being at the boundary of the divine (sometimes called "theosis"). This boundary-condition can be called—and has sometimes been called—an "apophatic humanism," that is, a humanism always "ek-static" or in excess of itself. As Denys Turner has pointed out, apophatic language "puts into question" every possibility of definitive "knowing," making room instead for a sense of desolation or bewilderment—or, in the words of Meister Eckhart, for the kind of "un-knowing" needed for a new finding.[6]
Adorno, T. W. (1966). Negative dialektik. Frankfurt-Main: Suhrkamp.
Barth, K. (1960). Evangelical Theology in the 19th Century. In J. N. Thomas & T. Weiser
(Eds.), The Humanity of God. Atlanta, GA: John Knox Press.
Cassirer, E. (1946). An Essay on Man: An Introduction to a Philosophy of Human Culture.
New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Derrida, J. (1972). The Ends of man. In Margins of philosophy (A. Bass, Trans.). Chicago,
IL: University of Chicago Press.
Foucault, M. (1970). The order of things: An archaeology of the human sciences. New York,
NY: Random House.
Heidegger, M. (1977). Letter on humanism. In D. F. Krell, (Ed.), Martin Heidegger: Basic
Writings (pp. 208-209). New York, NY: Harper & Row. (Original work published 1947)
Levinas, E. (2003). Humanism of the other. (N. Poller, Trans.). Urbana, IL: University of
Illinois Press. (Original work published 1972)
Sartre, J. P. (1948). Existential and Humanism. (P. Mairet, Trans.). Haskell House
Publishers Ltd. (Original work published 1946)
[1] The paper was a lecture delivered in 1956 at a meeting of the Swiss Reformed Ministers' Association.
[2] As one should note, Sartre—in a quasi-Kantian vein—connected absolute human freedom also with absolute responsibility for one's actions.
[3] See Derrida, J. (1984) in Coward & Foshay, eds. and Derrida, J, (1984), translated by Porter and Lewis, especially pp. 20-31.
[4] For an English translation (not followed here) see Negative Dialectics (1973), translated by Ashton, E. B.
[5] In a way, Heidegger's later thought, especially his notion of the "fourfold" (Geviert), embracing earth, heaven, mortals and immortals, can be seen as a further deepening of the relational character of human being. The same can be said of his notion of "Ereignis" where all beings are accorded their proper due. For a fuller discussion of the above see Dallmayr (2010) pp. 135-154.
[6] See Turner (2007), p. 246 and Dallmayr (2014), pp.123-126.
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Fred Dallmayr is a well-known political theorist specialising in modern and contemporary European thought with an additional interest in comparative or cross-cultural philosophy.He has published over 40 books and more than 200 professional papers; his publications include: The Other Heidegger, Beyond Orientalism: Essays On Cross-Cultural Encounters, Achieving Our World: Toward a Global and Plural Democracy, Dialogue Among Civilizations: Some Exemplary Voices, Hegel: Modernity And Politics.Fred Dallmayr holds a Doctor of Law degree from the University of Munich and a Ph.D. in political science from Duke University.He has served as president of the Society for Asian and Comparative Philosophy (SACP).He is co-chairman of WPF Dialogue of Civilizations, Packey J. Dee Professor in the Departments of Philosophy and Political Science at the University of Notre Dame, member of the International Coordinating Committee of World Public Forum – Dialogue of Civilizations, and of the Scientific Committee of RESET – Dialogues on Civilizations.
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Walter Felsenstein (30 May 1901 – 8 October 1975) was an Austrian theater and opera director.
He was one of the most important exponents of textual accuracy, productions in which dramatic and musical values were exquisitely researched and balanced. His most famous students were Götz Friedrich and Harry Kupfer both of whom went on to have important careers developing Felsenstein's work. Opera director Siegfried Schoenbohm was one of his assistants.
Felsenstein was born in Vienna and began his career at the Burgtheater there. From 1923 to 1932, he was a theater actor in Lübeck, Mannheim, and Bytom, where he first worked as a director. In Basel and Freiburg im Breisgau, he became closely acquainted with the contemporary concert hall.
From 1932 to 1934 he worked as an opera director in Cologne, and from 1934 to 1936 at Frankfurt. He worked in Zurich from 1938 to 1940 and returned in 1940 to Germany, where he was active at the Berlin Schillertheater until 1944. Additionally, he worked as a guest director in Aachen, Düsseldorf, Metz and Strasbourg. In 1942 he produced Le nozze di Figaro (Clemens Krauss conducting, sets and costumes by Stefan Hlawa) at the Salzburg Mozart festival.
From 1945 to 1947 he worked at the Hebbeltheater in Berlin. In 1947 he created the Komische Oper in East Berlin, where he worked as director until his death. From 1956 on he was vice-president of the Germany Academy of Arts of the German Democratic Republic. He was awarded the National Prize of DDR in 1950, 1951, 1956, 1960, and 1970.
Although his presence in the German Democratic Republic was "mostly an accident of geography," he was able to get the support of the government do his life's work.
Together with the Komische Oper troupe he visited the USSR a few times. In 1969 he directed the Russian language production of Carmen by Bizet at the Stanislavsky and Nemirovich-Danchenko Moscow Academic Music Theater in Moscow. In Moscow it was stated that his way of the opera staging was similar to the principles of Konstantin Stanislavsky.
Felsenstein died at age 74 in East Berlin. He is buried in Kloster on Hiddensee, an island in the Baltic Sea.
He translated and edited numerous operatic works into German, including Carmen (Georges Bizet, 1949) and La traviata (Giuseppe Verdi, 1955). Famous productions include Die Zauberflöte (Mozart, 1954), Les contes d'Hoffmann (Jacques Offenbach, 1958), Otello (Verdi, 1959), Barbe-bleue (Offenbach, 1961), The Cunning Little Vixen (Leoš Janáček, 1956), and A Midsummer Night's Dream (Benjamin Britten). The foreign-language operas Felsenstein produced were not usually set in their original tongue, but in a German translation.
Davis, Peter G., "Aria! Action! Making Opera a Director's Art", New York Times, May 18, 2008. Accessed 12 November 2008.
This page was last edited on 30 March 2019, at 09:11 (UTC).


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menu: Add some crud methods.
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datagrid: Allow users to change row style in some conditions.
datagrid: Users can use the footer row to display summary information.
datetimebox: Combines datebox with timespinner component.


Thank you so much for the chance! This is truly an epic giveaway.
Thanks for the chance!!! I'll never forget the only time I was lucky to met KA @ a book signing… I stood like an emotionless statue in awe through the hole thing. I felt like a complete star-stuck book dork hours later when I realized what I'd done.
Woot! Thanks for the chance!
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Search Results 1 - 25 of 2510 for subject: Great Britain History George III, 1760-1820.
Results 1 - 25 of 2510.
The age of George III / Reginald James White.
White, R.J. (Reginald James)
London : History Book Club, 1968.
The history of England, from the accession to the decease of King George the Third. / By John Adolphus, Esq. ....
Adolphus, John, 1768-1845.
London: : Printed for the author, and published by John Lee, 440, West Strand. MDCCCXL..
National Trust Libraries
Society of Antiquaries of London Library
Winchester College Fellows' Library
Some particulars of the royal indisposition of 1788-1789 : and of its effects upon illustrious personages and opposite parties interested by it.
London : R. Taylor, 1804.
George III and the historians / Herbert Butterfield.
Butterfield, Herbert, Sir
London : Collins , 1957
George III and the historians / by Herbert Butterfield.
[New York] : Macmillan , 1959
George the Third, his court, and family / [John Galt].
Galt, John, 1779-1839.
London : H. Colburn and Co., 1820.
Royal George, a study of King George III, his experiment in monarchy, his decline and retirement; with a view of society, politics and historic events during his reign, by C. E. Vulliamy.
Vulliamy, C. E. (Colwyn Edward), 1886-
New York, London, D. Appleton-Century company, incorporated, 1937.
A selection from the papers of King George III preserved in the Royal Archives at Windsor Castle Embracing the Period From the 1st day of November 1781 to the 20th day of December 1783 The whole edited by John Fortescue LL.D., D.Litt.
George III, King of Great Britain, 1738-1820.
Cambridge : Printed by W. Lewis, M.A. at the University Press for The Roxburghe Club, 1927.
Farmer George, by Lewis Melville [pseud.] ... With fifty-three portraits and illustrations.
Benjamin, Lewis Saul, 1874-1932.
London, Sir I. Pitman and Sons, 1907.
Authentic memoirs of our late venerable and beloved monarch, George the Third ... : With the correspondence of the present Queen, on the subject of the coronation / by Robert Southy, esq.
Southy, Robert.
London, J. Jones & co., 1820.
The history of the reign of George III : To the termination of the late war / To which is prefixed, A view of the progressive improvement of England, in prosperity and strength, to the accession of His Majesty... ; by Robert Bisset.
Bisset, Robert, 1759-1805.
London : T.N.Longman and O. Rees; [etc., etc.], 1803.
The public and domestic life of His late ... : Majesty, George the Third.
Holt, Edward.
London : Printed for Sherwood, Neely, and Jones, 1820.
The history of the reign of George III. : To which is prefixed, a view of the progressive improvement of England, in prosperity and strength, to the accession of His Majesty. / By Robert Bisset ...
The second edition, complete to the death of the king. In six volumes ...
London: printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown ..., 1820.
Recollections and reflections, personal and political, as connected with public affairs, during the reign of George III.; by John Nicholls ...
Nicholls, John, 1745?-1832.
London, Printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, 1822.
Victoria and Albert Museum libraries
The pictorial history of England during the reign of George the Third : being a history of the people, as well as a history of the kingdom / illustrated with several hundred woodcuts, by George L. Craik and Charles MacFarlane, assisted by other contributors.
Craik, George L. (George Lillie), 1798-1866.
London : C. Knight, 1841-1844.
The history of England, : from the accession of King George the Third, to the conclusion of peace in the year one thousand seven hundred and eighty-three / by John Adolphus.
London : Printed for T. Cadell and W. Davies, 1817.
The law of Parliament in the present situation of Great Britain considered.
Godwin, William, 1756-1836.
[Aberystwyth] : [Department of History, University College of Wales], 2001.
The history of the reign of George the Third : from his accession to the throne down to the present time : in which are narrated the most memorable events of this important period, particularly the American War, the French revolution and the long and desolating contest which sprang out of it, and which was closed by the ever glorious battle of Waterloo.
London : printed by Macdonald & Son, for A. Whellier, and sold by Sherwood, Neely, and Jones...[et al], [1817?]
Royal George : a study of King George III, his experiment in monarchy, his decline and retirement; with a view of society, politics and historic events during his reign, / Colwyn Edward Vulliamy.
London : J. Cape, [1937]
George the Third, his court and family.
A new ed.
London, Printed for H. Colburn, 1824.
Memoirs of the life and reign of King George the Third / by John Heneage Jesse ... In five volumes ...
Jesse, John Heneage, 1815-1874.
London : John C. Nimmo, MDCCCCI [1901].
The history of England : from the accession to the decease of King George the Third. By John Adolphus, Esq. ...
London : Printed for the author, and published by John Lee, 1841.
Memoirs of the reign of George III ... / by W. Belsham.
Belsham, William, 1752-1827.
London : Printed for G.G. & J. Robinson ..., 1795-1801.
An account of the celebration of the Jubilee, on the 25th October, 1809 : being the forty-ninth anniversary of the reign of George the Third, "the father of his people." / collected and published by (A lady) the wife of a naval officer.
Birmingham : printed by R. Jabet ..., and sold by Longman, Hurst, Rees, and Orme..., [1809]
Royal George ; a study of King George III : his experiment in monarchy, his decline and retirement; with a view of society, politics and historic events during his reign by C.E. Vulliamy.
London : J. Cape, 1937.
The first 500 records


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Tonga Tsunami: British woman from south coast dies after trying to save her dogs
Rowans Hospice wants to raise £50,000 with annual cycle event
PEOPLE are being encouraged to get on their bikes and take part in a charity cycle.
Saturday, 2nd July 2016, 6:45 am
Updated Thursday, 25th August 2016, 6:31 pm
The launch of the Rowans Ride
The Rowans Hospice launched its Rowans Ride yesterday and is hoping to see 500 people sign up for the event.
Formerly known as the Ruby Ride, the annual event sees people complete a choice of three routes ranging from 18 miles to 65 miles.
It's the fifth year of the ride and the hospice in Purbrook wants to raise £50,000 this time round.
Events fundraiser Gemma Carden said: 'This event appeals to everyone from the leisure cyclist to serious riders.
'It's a great opportunity to get on your bike and take part in a healthy activity with family and friends, while raising money to help support people in the community who are affected by life-limiting illnesses.
'This year, being the fifth year, we are hoping that more than 500 people register to take part and we raise more than £50,000.'
In previous years, the ride has seen an average of 419 people take part, raising around £46,500 each year.
But The Rowans Hospice, which provides specialist end-of-life care, wants to make this one the biggest and best yet by hitting the £50,000 target.
The event is on October 2 and will see the hundreds of riders start and finish at Lakeside North Harbour, in Cosham.
The 18-mile route will see participants cycle around Portsmouth, the 30-mile route will head towards the hospice on Purbrook Heath Road and the longest route of 65 miles will go to Petersfield, through Wickham and back towards Lakeside.
Gemma added: 'We are extremely grateful to Lakeside North Harbour for hosting the start and finish.'
Online registration for the Rowans Ride has opened. Alternatively, cyclists can complete a registration form at the hospice.
All participants will receive a medal when they finish.
For more information, visit rowanshospice.co.uk, email [email protected] or call (023) 9223 7142.
Leigh Park woman arrested on suspicion of making false rape allegations is released from bail


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Solomon Ports assists St. Josephs Tenaru School
Solomon Ports today handed over SBD$71,265 to St.Josephs Tenaru Catholic secondary school in supporting the completion of their new administration block.
The financial assistance will quicken the ongoing construction of the school's new administration building, which the school started building way back in 2016.
So far Solomon Ports is the only and first external donor to assist the school in this project, which the school has been self-funding through fund raising activities.
A cheque was handed over to St. Joseph's Tenaru school Deputy Principal Mr. Abraham Haiuasi by Solomon Ports Chief Financial Officer Mr. George Rausi today at SIPA headquarters.
Mr.Haiuasi thanked the SOE for partnering with the school and showing the willingness in supporting the education sector in the country.
He said with the assistance from Ports, he hopes this will speed up their ongoing work on the building complex and completing it soon.
"On behalf of the students, teachers, and the school board of St. Josephs Tenaru, we would like to thank the board and management of Solomon Ports for this worthy cause," he said.
"Over the years we have been funding this project ourselves, but now we thank Solomon Ports for recognizing the importance of education and the need of our school."
Meanwhile, Solomon Ports Chief Financial Officer Mr.George Rausi said Solomon Ports is happy to step in and help in the ongoing effort to build the new admin block.
He said schools are the building block for human resources in the country and it is more fitting for Solomon Ports to assist the education sector.
"As an SOE, we assist schools because this is where leaders and future employees are made," he said. "St.Joseph's is one of the top schools in the country, and we believe this assistance will surely continue to build and help the school provide good facilities and quality education in the years to come."
DD Holiday Inn launches website
Police raids, confiscates kwaso and marijuana in Guadalcanal
Solomon Islands Herald says 11 months ago
Thank you Ports Authority.


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Blackbuck: Rejuvenating India's trucking industry
While the ongoing pandemic situation has hit almost all legacy sectors, logistics and transportation are one of the worst affected sectors out of all of them. Although there is an overwhelming demand for the delivery of essential items, they only make up to about 15 to 20 per cent of the country's logistics output.
This translates into the fact that close to 80 per cent of the logistics has come to a screeching halt. Adding to that fact, India's logistics industry is pegged to be worth $120 billion and includes 40 lakh trucks, as stated by a survey conducted by ASSOCHAM.
The sudden nosedive in the movement of goods, especially non-essentials, has triggered some serious ripples, affecting the entire trucking industry as a whole.
Providing the much-needed spark to the sector
As the entire packers-and-movers industry has come to a standstill, the biggest challenge that has impacted trucking business is the unwillingness of the truckers or hired drivers to be back on the roads.
The entire trucking industry functions on the Indian highway network spanning across a few lac kilometres. However, due to the COVID-19 threat, 70,000 fuel pumps who depend on trucks for revenue have been shut down. Eateries are no exception as well. Drivers themselves are scared about contracting the virus.
Consequently, to provide the much-needed spark to the ailing logistics sector, BlackBuck has launched the "Move India" campaign that is aimed at reviving the supply chain amidst the pandemic situation.
The startup, based at Bengaluru plans to use its technology and network of truckers and transports and is focussing on enabling more than 5 lac fleet owners with more than 10 lac trucks to discover demand for goods other than essential products and provide them access to services such as FASTag, GPS, Fleet Card (Fuel Card) and more.
It also plans to extend its platform and waive the required commission to 20,000 small-scale transporters, wholesalers and distributors who are not a part of the BlackBuck ecosystem yet. It has launched a helpline for one-call bookings which will be functional over the next few months.
From the manufacturer and trader's perspective, produced goods can start moving if Blackbuck's platform is availed, which will provide the lowest booking prices for the transportation of the goods.
Reinforcements for the initiative
For starters, BlackBuck has decided to completely waive off commission to encourage truckers to get back on the road and resume operations without having to worry about extra expenditures.
The company is also providing an added incentive of INR 2,000 to 3,000 to fleet owners for every trip they undertake. For the large fleet owners, the incentive amount runs into lacs- which is enough to encourage them to resume full-fledged operations.
The initiative also includes taking up responsibility for the health and welfare of drivers by setting up a relief fund worth INR 50 crore if any driver contracts COVID-19 while on duty. It has promised to offer a relief package worth INR 50,000 through direct money transfer to the affected driver-partners. It has also launched a free helpline for the affected drivers to reach out to the company if help is needed.
In addition to that, on every trip undertaken, the initiative will also provide free trip insurance inclusive of hospitalisation expenses worth INR 50,000and a term cover worth INR 3 lac in case of a demise caused by an accident or in case of permanent disability.
Blackbuck has over four lakh partners relying upon their platform, which provides logistic services all over India- spanning across 500 districts and 400 industrial hubs. It has over 30,000 clients- from SMEs to corporate giants such as Asian Paints, ITC, Coca Cola, HUL and Tata Steel.
The company realises that not only there is a need of a fresh lease of life to the ailing logistics sector, there is also an urgent need to ensure the financial security of the blue-collar workers, including the truck drivers who form the backbone of India's economy, by resuming operations. T hopes that the newly-launched initiative will provide the kickstart the sector requires right now.
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Rua Aurea 242, Lisbon, Portugal
Golden Tram 242 Lisbon Hostel's photos selection
From Nights People
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Golden Tram 242 Lisbon Hostel is located in the midle of old lisbon downtown.
The building was built in 1922 and has been completely refurbished to become the best Lisbon hostel, with 1.000 square m2 spread over 5 stories, has 16 rooms, 4 en-suites included, with private full bathroom, 124 cabin special bunk beds and 8 twin beds, Totalizing 131 Dorms, 8 changing bathrooms (male/female), with 31 cabin showers, 44 lavatories and 15 bathrooms divided by (m/f)all situated from 1º floor to 5th floor. The Golden Tram 242 Lisbon Hostel is a non - smoking hostel, also totally equipped against fire risks.
We cater a coffee shop bar/living room in the 1º floor, all day dinning: free breakfast, Portuguese finger food tapas specialties, snacks, lunches & dinners. At weekends will have special animation/entertainment programmes: fado songs,Latin dancing and Portuguese gastronomy cooking nights. We offer competitive f&b prices, with great value for our guests money.
Coming by airplane: from lisbon airport direct to our hostel by new metro airport station to baixa/chiado metro station.
By car from north or south follow lisbon center signs till rossio square and aurea street. All buses and trains depart from rossio square & station at 50 meters from us.
Lisbon Hostels
71 Hostels


Divestment and boycotts are non-violent tools intended to challenge situations of injustice and war and thus advance justice and peace. There are always issues raised about the use of such non-violent tactics. These issues include effectiveness, morality, harm done to occupied people, motivations, and precise formulations. In such a short assay, we can only touch on key issues and provide links for further study.
I do want to state three disclaimers before we start: 1) while we may draw on our experiences in other conflicts (e.g. the Zionist break of the popular boycott of Nazi Germany in the 1930s, or the most recent popular actions for Civil Rights, ending the war on Vietnam, and the boycott/divestment of South Africa), every situation is unique and we must remember that such examples are just that examples to be used to develop strategies not to try and copy verbatim, 2) that the most effective activism is one that is based on universal principles (e.g. as articulated by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights), 3) that while violence and atrocities occur around the world, we as US activists must prioritize action in areas where our government help perpetrate and sustain injustice and violence. I will have more to say about these things in the sections below.
a) Engaged in a process of removal of non-Jews from their lands over the past 57 years and established laws and a military shield that prevents the return of refugees and displaced people. Today nearly five million such individuals are denied their Internationally recognized right of return simply for not being Jewish (contrary to UDHR, UNGA 194, and countless UN resolutions).
b) Within the Green line (Israel's armistice borders of 1949), there are now 1.3 million Palestinians living under discriminatory rules including removal from their lands (250,000 so called "Present Absentees), lack of access to governmental services (e.g. 100 unrecognized villages), and discrimination in access to health and education.
c) Since 1967, Israel has illegally occupied the West Bank and Gaza and set up colonies/settlements now housing nearly 420,000 Jews on Palestinian land. In doing so it has violated scores of U.N. resolutions, along with the Fourth Geneva Convention.
The net result of these policies and procedures has been that nearly two thirds of the native Palestinians were rendered refugees or displaced people and that unemployment and poverty among the remaining Palestinians is around 70%. The violence (both of the occupied and the vastly larger violence of the occupier) is a symptom of this underlying injustice. Blaming Sharon for "tactics" while ignoring the basic structural injustice found with both Labor and Likud governments is evading the responsibility of working for just solutions. Even Avraham Burg, a past speaker of the Knesset, acknowledged that Israel "rests on ... foundations of oppression and injustice ... . It must shed its illusions and choose between racist oppression and democracy"(The Guardian, 15/9/2003). Similarly, A group of prominent Israeli artists issued the following statement in 2001: "If the state of Israel aspires to perceive itself as a democracy, it should abandon once and for all, any legal and ideological foundation of religious, ethnic, and demographic discrimination. The state of Israel should strive to become the state of all its citizens. We call for the annulment of all laws that make Israel an apartheid state, including the Jewish law of return in its present form." But this can happen by only one of two ways: a military confrontation in which Israel loses (this is impossible under the current circumstances of US unconditional support), OR economic, popular, and other pressures as is beginning to happen with divestments and boycotts. Israeli society must be convinced that the price of holding on to discrimination and occupation exceeds any perceived benefits.
Some Zionists would argue that we should be "investing" in some segments of an oppressive society to encourage change rather than use such blunt tools as blanket divestments and boycotts. This is ironic since this is an argument used by the Zionist movement to break the boycott instituted in the 1930s by progressive Jews against Nazi Germany. In retrospect of course, no one would suggest that "investment" in progressive segments of Apartheid South Africa would have been a better strategy than the blanket boycott of South Africa. Another argument used is that Israel is being "singled out" for divestment/boycotts among many countries that violate human rights. But we live in America and we fund Israel (unlike say China or Sudan). For good or bad, US foreign policy appears now to favor Zionism and support Israel unconditionally placing greater responsibility on us tax-payers and voters. Some 30% of our foreign aid budget goes to Israel (population 0.1% of world population). The US used its veto power in the United Nations Security Council to protect Israel from International Law no less than 36 times. Further, the best US military technologies are sent to Israel. Combined with direct financial military aid, this has made Israel the fourth or fifth strongest military power in the world. Israel possesses hundreds of nuclear weapons as well as massive stockpiles of biological and chemical weapons.
As Prof. Joseph Levine stated: "Some people argue that it is unfair to target Israel when so many other governments deny their citizens basic human rights, and others are guilty of occupying foreign land as well. In fact, there is no inconsistency here. It is absurd to argue that whenever you direct your energy to fight abuse in one area, you must do so everywhere. Following such a course would be a recipe for total paralysis and passivity. I support any effort by others to work for human rights in China, or to end the Syrian occupation of Lebanon, but that doesn't mean I have to be working on those projects as well. That aside, there are particular reasons to focus on the Israeli occupation. Israel is singular in the degree of economic and political support it receives from the United States. That places a special moral burden on American citizens to do something about Israel's brutal behavior, because without U.S. support, it couldn't be sustained." (Divestment from Israel Is Peace Move The Columbus Dispatch November 16, 2002).
- Israeli groups ranging from Matzpun (http://www.matzpun.com/) to the Israeli Committee against Home Demolitions (http://www.icahd.org) called for boycotts as early as 2001.
- Lutheran church called on the U.S. government "to withhold all economic and military aid to Israel until it improves conditions for Palestinians" (The Los Angeles Times, August 11, 2001).
- Al-Awda initiated a campaign in 2001 against Intel for building a plant on confiscated Palestinian land. Other campaigns were launched against Caterpillar (http://www.stopcat.org/) and other companies.
- Nobel Peace Prize winner Archbishop Desmond Tutu pointed out similarities between Israel and apartheid South Africa and called for boycotts (Apartheid in the Holy Land, The Guardian, April 29, 2002).
Occupation and oppression are maintained by economic and non-economic support. Withdrawing these sources of support constitutes practical and non-violent methods of resistance and solidarity and serves interests of all people in Israel/Palestine (a win-win situation of ending the root cause of the conflict). It is also a moral imperative to those who seek peace based on universal principles of equality, human rights, and justice. Silence in situations of war and injustice has been correctly described as complicity. This complicity is compounded where atrocities are committed or facilitated by own government or groups claiming to represent our religion or political philosophy.
In my book "Sharing the Land of Canaan: Human Rights and the Israeli Palestinian Struggle", I argued that human rights must become central if we are to arrive at a durable peace. Divestments and boycotts provide proven tools of the masses to advance justice and human rights (keys to peace) regardless of one's preference for particular political solutions (one state, two states, federations, regional arrangements etc.). The history of ending the war on Vietnam and ending Apartheid in South Africa illustrate that grass root activities for peace that employ such methods do work as an alternative to continued violence and injustice.


A clean quiet place to sleep, for a good price. Nothing fancy, but that's all we needed.
Stayed one night. Everything was fine. Perfect is you're looking for something cheap and clean. My only issue was that there was someone very obviously smoking marijuana in the building all morning long. I know they can't trally control the behavior of their guests inside the rooms, but if I wouldn't have had children with me, I would have been extremely upset.
Sheets on both beds were dirty and had to have them changed. Sink drain wouldn't open. Toilet wouldn't flush unless handle was held for several seconds.
Hotel was good for overnight stay. It was clean and comfortable. I would stay again.


Private, small group, special event, and corporate classes available.
I teach Vinyasa (flow yoga) classes that are often described as strong, fun, and inspirational. I believe in the power of yoga to awaken each of us to a greater sense of purpose and intentional living, and to unite the yoga community around sustainability and social justice. Classes are intended to build strength, body awareness and flexibility through an integration of breath work, creative sequencing and precise alignment. Classes are safe for newer students and challenging for more experienced yogis, and include hands-on adjustments, descriptive cues, and individualized attention.
I have been practicing and teaching yoga for more than fifteen years. Dedicated to promoting peace, well-being, and sustainability on a global scale, I have a masters in International Peace and Conflict Resolution, with a focus on Sustainable Development. I have taught human rights to high school students, trained Peace Corps volunteers, volunteered in an indigenous community in the Ecuadorian Amazon, worked with Fortune 500 companies to reduce their environmental impact, and managed a leadership, international service and fundraising program aimed at mobilizing the global yoga community for greater social and environmental justice.
I currently manage the Journeys Program for the Pachamama Alliance, which are purposeful, transformative travel immersions that go well beyond traditional eco-tourism or adventure travel. We journey at the request of our indigenous partners in Ecuador who invite us to visit and learn from their ancient cultures and pristine rainforest so that we may carry their wisdom and message home.
Private, small group, special event and corporate lessons available upon request.


In Hollywood, you can never own too much intellectual property. Producers option novels and magazine articles before they're even published in hopes of landing the next lucrative franchise. This is also why, when a screenwriter has a solid original idea with potential, everyone goes crazy. They don't want to be the company who passed on the next big thing.
The latest sci-fi franchise pitch going around Hollywood is Emergence, a large-scale alien invasion film written by Nic Kelman, and it was just purchased by a team with lots of experience in the genre. Centropolis Entertainment now owns the film and Roland Emmerich is attached to direct.
Kelman sold Emergence as a pitch, so there's not even a full screenplay yet. That suggests this won't be Emmerich's next project after he releases White House Down later this month. He could do Singularity, the film he got stuck on and left to pursue White House Down, or maybe the Independence Day sequels he's been talking about for sometime. Or, as is sometimes the case with Emmerich, his next film could come out of left field.
Once Emergence is ready, Deadline believes it'll be something studios will be willing to pay dearly for. Emmerich has a unique approach in that he develops a script, attaches himself as a director and sells the whole thing at once, resulting in big-time Hollywood auctions. The winners usually cash in.
Kelman is currently writing a film called Outpost, but would likely move onto Emergence after that.


At St. Paul's Hospital the Respiratory Education Centre is comprised of a multidisciplinary healthcare team that includes the patient's primary care provider, respirologist and Respiratory Therapist/Certified Educator. The goal of the Respiratory Education Centre is to help patients acquire the knowledge and skills required to effectively manage their asthma/COPD. Patients will receive individual counselling, asthma/COPD management education and tailored treatment plans to keep patients health conditions stable, optimize quality of life and prevent exacerbations.


Freethought Forum - View Single Post - What's up with you?
Thread: What's up with you?
If you study maps of Canada, you might believe that the further north you go, the wider you get but this is just an illusion. Just imagine that you are spheroid instead and rotate along your North/South Axis.


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Puro releases film about new species in Ecuador SEARCH NEWS
Puro Fairtrade Coffee has released the first in a series of films, shot by videographer Kendal Kempsey. Puro is a corporate sponsor of World Land Trust (WLT) and Puro funding has enabled the creation of several reserves in partnership with WLT.
The first video to be released was filmed in Ecuador. It focuses on two species that were discovered in the Cerro Candelaria Reserve and named after Puro: a species of orchid (Teagueia puroana) and a species of frog (Pristimantis puruscafeum).
Cerro Candelaria is owned and managed by Fundación EcoMinga, one of WLT's partners in Ecuador. In the video Lou Jost, founder of EcoMinga and renowned botanist, describes the scientific importance of the area and the role of Puro and WLT in protecting it: "The partnership that we developed between EcoMinga and World Land Trust connected us with people [such as Puro] who care about nature around the world and who are willing to finance these kinds of land purchases."
Puro Coffee Ecuador Rainforest Reserve from Puro Fairtrade Coffee on Vimeo.
The film also features EcoMinga herpetologist Juan Pablo Reyes, who discovered the Pristimantis puruscafeum, and wildlife ranger Luis Recalde, whose work is funded by Puro through WLT's Keepers of the Wild programme.
Andy Orchard from Puro, who conceived and produced the films, spoke about their intended purpose. "My hope is that the films might help to inspire new long-term WLT corporate supporters, whilst further facilitating the sharing of problems faced and solutions possible across these partner regions."
Cerro Candelaria Reserve is located in the paramó and cloud forests of Central Ecuador in the eastern Andes. The reserve forms part of a biological corridor, connecting the national parks of Llanganates and Sangay. The area is a rich centre for biodiversity and features rare orchids as well as many threatened species of mammal, bird and amphibian.
Since its founding in 2005 Puro Coffee has donated 2 per cent of its sales to WLT, enabling the creation of reserves in Ecuador, Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala, Honduras, Peru and Malaysian Borneo
You can help support conservation in Ecuador by donating to the Keepers of the Wild programme.
Puro Fairtrade Coffee films go to the heart of WLT's conservation work »
Donate to Keepers of the Wild »
Conservation News Ecuador Puro Ranger Luis
Ranger discovers new species in Ecuador 30/06/2016
Ranger Fausto Recalde has been named as a co-author on a scientific paper describing a new Magnolia species discovered in …
Rangers rebuild tracks wrecked by rainstorms and mudslides 19/01/2016
Lou Jost reports on Fundación EcoMinga rangers who worked bravely in challenging conditions to restore access to remote parts of …
One Wild Night with Steve Backshall
Spend an evening listening to some of the greatest names in wildlife, adventure and sport, coming together for one night to share experiences, tell tales, and b...
Scorched Earth to Forest Haven
WLT and its local partner, Viet Nature, aim to rejuvenate a landscape left degraded and deforested during the Vietnam War.
The use o...
Saving Kenya's Coastal Forests
World Land Trust (WLT) is pleased to announce that we have reached the target to save 810 acres of Kenya's threatened coastal forest. Illegal charcoal prod...
Save the Blue-throated Hillstar
The fundraising target of £30,000 to save the Blue-throated Hillstar has been reached in less than two weeks, thanks to a rapid response from World Land Trust ...


Hey, I wanted to thank you again for inviting me over Friday night. I had a pretty stressful week, so takeout and Mario Kart were just what I needed.
However… I'm gonna be honest with you because I think you need to hear it.
If you can't beat Rainbow Road, don't bother texting me back.
You're a great guy, don't get me wrong. You always avoid the banana peels and never activate your blue shell when I'm in first place, but you've come in second-to-last place nearly every time. And I don't want to keep harping on the past, but there were a few times when you couldn't even finish the race.
I know it's Rainbow Road, ultimately the toughest race in Mario Kart history, with its lack of bumpers to keep you on the track, its nearly-impossible-to-navigate twists and turns, and of course, its constant ebbing and flowing of the road itself, but you've got to pull yourself together.
It's the last race in the Special Cup, not the Average Cup. And quite frankly, I wouldn't even call your racing skills "average." It's mind-boggling since you own the game, but you're playing like you've never even passed Mario Circuit 1.
I'm not gonna sugar coat it: I beat Rainbow Road when I was 9. I didn't even know my phone number when I was 9, but that didn't stop me from winning the game's most difficult race, according to Mario Kart's Wiki. I mean, you're a doctor for God's sake. You're telling me you can effortlessly remove a child's tonsils, but you can't successively maneuver a cartoon on a motorcycle?
My parents would be thrilled if I told them I was dating a doctor, but they may have some issues inviting you to Thanksgiving once I tell them I lapped you twice as Peach.
Don't get me wrong; Peach is an excellent competitor, but she's no match for Mario (which, by the way, I don't know who you think you are choosing Mario. Quite frankly, you lack the skill and gumption it takes to be Mario. You've soiled his name; turned him into a joke).
I'm up for a rematch, but I have to be blunt: Rainbow Road isn't something you just conquer overnight. Or in your case, any night.
I want to say I believe in you, but after three hours of watching you fly off the course like a drunk Waluigi, I can't say I have much hope left.
Let's face it, you'll never be Mario. You'll always be Peach.


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Category: Family Medicine | WebScout
Health Highlights: July 26, 2016
Last Updated: July 26, 2016.
Fixed Payments for Heart Attack Treatment Proposed by Medicare
General Mills Expands Flour Recall
Dutch Men, Latvian Women Tallest in World: Study
Here are some of the latest health and medical news developments, compiled by the editors of HealthDay:
Fixed payments to hospitals for treating heart attack patients have been proposed by Medicare.
Under the program, hospitals that treat heart attack patients would be offered a target price for all services provided in the hospital and within 90 days after the patient is discharged, the Wall Street Journal reported.
If hospitals bill for less than the fixed amount, they would be permitted to keep the savings. If they bill for more, they would have to repay Medicare.
The proposal -- which could be phased in over five years beginning next July 1 -- includes similar measures for hip and femur fractures. Medicare also recently proposed fixed payments for hip and knee replacements, WSJ reported.
The moves are meant to cut costs and improve the quality of care paid for by Medicare.
A recall of General Mills flour has been expanded after four more people in the United States were sickened by E. coli linked to the flour.
That brings to 46 the number of E. coli cases nationwide in the outbreak that began in December. The most recent illness began June 25, CNN reported.
The expanded recall was announced Monday and includes Gold Medal, Wondra and Signature Kitchens flour.
"The expansion announced today includes select production dates through February 10, 2016," according to General Mills. In June, the company recalled 10 million pounds of products produced between November 4, 2015, and December 4, 2015, CNN reported.
A full list of the recalled products is on the General Mills website. None of the recalled products should be used, sold or consumed.
The Netherlands has the tallest men in the world, while Latvia has the tallest women, according to researchers who examined a century's worth of height data from 200 countries.
They also found that the average height of adults in the United States stopped increasing about 20 years ago and that the U.S. is behind dozens of other countries in this indicator of nutrition, health care, environment and general health, the Associated Press reported.
The average height of men in the Netherlands is about 6 feet, followed by men in Belgium, Estonia, Latvia, Denmark, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Serbia, Iceland and the Czech Republic.
The average height of women in Latvia is 5-foot-6, followed by the Netherlands, Estonia, the Czech Republic, Serbia, Slovakia, Denmark, Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine, the AP reported.
Over the 100-year study period, average height rose about 2 1/2 inches for American men and about 2 inches for American women. The U.S. now ranks 37th for men and 42nd for women.
The average height for American men peaked at 5-foot-10 in 1996 and at 5-foot-5 for American women in 1988. Since those years, Americans' height has stalled but there has not been a significant decrease, according to study author James Bentham, Imperial College London, U.K.
He and his colleagues noted that average height has plateaued in most Western nations, but the U.S. reached it earlier, the AP reported.
The study was published in the journal eLife.
Previous: Health Tip: Hormones Can Affect Women's Dental Health Next: Are Stroke Centers Life Savers?


Led Zeppelin was an English rock band that was formed in 1968. They are regarded as one of the most important bands of their genre and one of the most popular bands of the 1970s. The band lineup was: Jimmy Page (guitar), John Paul Jones (bass guitar), Robert Plant (vocals), and John Bonham (drums). They incorporated many sounds into their music, such as blues, rock and roll, soul, Celtic, Arab, and Indian music, folk, country, and even reggae. To date they have sold over 300 million albums worldwide. Vote and help us decide which Led Zeppelin albums are the greatest.


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You are here: Home / Archives for medical devices
Device manufacturer's misrepresentations result in $12.5M FCA settlement
July 25, 2018 by Wolters Kluwer Contributor
Medical device manufacturer AngioDynamics, Inc., settled with the United States for $12.5 million following allegations that the company caused health care providers to submit false claims related to the use of the LC Bead® and the Perforator Vein Ablation Kit® (PVAK) to Medicare, Medicaid, and other federal health care programs. The government alleged that the manufacturer both provided instructions to use inaccurate billing codes and misrepresented Medicare billing policy related to the devices. The settlement came as a result of a suit filed under the whistleblower provision of the False Claims Act (FCA) (31 U.S.C. § 3729).
LC Bead allegations
The medical device manufacturer will pay $11.5 million—$10.9 million paid to the federal government and $600,000 paid to state Medicaid programs—to resolve allegations that the company caused the submission of false claims for procedures involving an unapproved drug delivery device marketed with false and misleading promotional claims. The government alleged that between 2006 and 2011, AngioDynamics served as the distributor for the manufacturer of the LC Bead and marketed the product for use as a drug delivery device in combination with chemotherapy drugs. Employees of the manufacturer routinely claimed that this use of the LC Bead was "better," "superior," "safer," and "less toxic" than alternative treatment, despite lack of clinical evidence to support the statements and despite the FDA's repeated declination to approve the product. Knowing that many insurers did not provide coverage for certain LC Bead procedures, the company instructed health care providers to use inaccurate billing codes for claims related to these uses.
PVAK allegations
AngioDynamics will also pay $1 million to resolve allegations that the company caused the submission of false claims in connection with the use of PVAK, used to close or collapse malfunctioning veins and which was approved by the FDA only for use in treating superficial veins and not for perforator veins. The manufacturer voluntarily recalled the PVAK and reissued the product under the name "the 400 micron kit." Despite the recall and rebranding, certain AngioDynamics employees took part in a continued campaign to market the device to treat perforator veins, falsely representing to providers that Medicare would cover this use
Filed Under: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid, Fraud & Abuse, News Tagged With: false claims, fraud and abuse, medical devices, settlement, settlement agreements
Breakthrough cancer detection device gets parallel FDA, CMS review
December 6, 2017 by Kathryn Beard
A breakthrough cancer in vitro diagnostic (IVD) device that uses next generation sequencing (NGS) to detect genetic mutations in solid tumors took only six months from product application to FDA approval and a preliminary national coverage determination (NCD) from CMS, thanks to the Parallel Review program. Foundation Medicine's FoundationOne® CDx™ (F1CDx) received simultaneous overlapping review by the FDA and CMS, which reduces the time necessary to marketing and coverage of innovative medical devices.
The Parallel Review program for medical devices was fully implemented in October 2016 following a pilot program (see Parallel Review program will be fully implemented and extended indefinitely, Health Law Daily, October 24, 2016). Ordinarily, CMS does not begin the NCD decision-making process until after a device has been approved or cleared for marketing by the FDA, which results in a longer wait before Medicare beneficiaries can access the device. Through Parallel Review, manufacturers receive feedback from both agencies through the clinical trial design stage, which helps them to design trials that fulfill evidentiary requirements for both steps of the process, potentially eliminating the need for additional trials.
Although the F1CDx device is a laboratory-developed test and therefore generally would not require premarket review from the FDA, Foundation Medicine requested Breakthrough Device designation for the test. The 21st Century Cures Act (P.L. 114-255) expanded the Expedited Access Pathways (EAP) program to breakthrough technologies that provide more effective treatment or diagnosis of life-threatening or irreversibly debilitating human disease or conditions (see Will the Cures Act address what ails the FDA approval process?, Health Law Daily, March 9, 2017). The FDA granted that designation because the F1CDx test has "potential to consolidate multiple companion diagnostic claims for patients and health care providers into a single test."
Filed Under: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid, Devices, Food & Drug Administration, News Tagged With: diagnostic, Medical Device, medical devices, national coverage determination, parallel review
Hospital compliance programs need to integrate explanted device policy
July 14, 2017 by Kayla Bryant
Medicare requires that explanted medical devices—implantable devices that are removed due to recall, advisory, malfunction, failure, or early battery depletion—must be pursued by the provider as for free replacement or reduced charges under warranty. The failure to do so results in an overpayment for the provider or hospital, which must then be repaid to CMS. In a Health Care Compliance Association (HCCA) webinar, Jesse Schafer, Explant Control Manager, Mayo Clinic, and Peter Casady, CEO and Co-Founder, Champion Healthcare Technologies discussed best practices for medical device warranty credit failures and related HHS Office of Inspector General (OIG) audits.
Since 2010, the OIG has conducted six audits specifically for credit failures on medical device warranties, and found overpayments ranging between $30,000 and $300,000. In these cases, the warranty credit failures occurred because the hospitals:
did not pursue available credits;
did not report credits received;
did not have adequate internal control procedures to coordinate functions among various departments; or
relied upon the vendor to manage the device return and credit process (and gaps resulted).
Schafer recommended a workflow among various departments, including compliance, coding, clinical, pathology, supply chain / contracting logistics, accounts receivable, and patient financial services. Hospitals should (1) identify explanted devices that are eligible for warranty credits due to performance issues; (2) secure eligible explanted devices; (3) make sure the devices were returned to the vendor for warranty claims; (4) follow up on warranty claims to confirm approval; (5) make sure the provider then received credit or a no-charge replacement; and (6) adjust claims for credits that are greater or equal to 50 percent.
Filed Under: Devices, Health Care Compliance, News Tagged With: compliance, hospital compliance, medical devices, webinar
Medical device stakeholders give House feedback on 4 separate bills
May 4, 2017 by Kayla Bryant
A variety of stakeholders in the medical device industry testified before the House Energy and Commerce Committee with respect to a number of bills related to devices, including the Over-the-Counter Hearing Aid Act (H.R.1652), the Medical Device Servicing Safety and Accountability Act (H.R. 2118), the Fostering Innovation in Medical Imaging Act of 2017 (H.R. 2009), and a bill to amend the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to improve the process for inspections of device establishments and for granting export certifications (H.R. 1736), which would enhance the authorization Medical Device User Fee Amendments (MDUFA IV). While stakeholders took opposing viewpoints with respect to some bills, those that spoke to MDUFA IV, including Director of the FDA's Center for Devices and Radiological Health Jeffrey Shuren, all expressed their support.
Over-the-Counter Hearing Aid Act
The Over-the-Counter (OTC) Hearing Aid Act would permit the sale of OTC hearing aids for use in adults with mild to moderate hearing impairments. Speaking on behalf of the Hearing Industries Association (HIA), Dr. Thomas Powers of Powers Consulting, LLC supported the sales of OTC hearing aids for mild hearing impairments, but opposed the provision of such hearing aids for moderate use. Hearing impairment, particularly moderate and severe impairments, are complex and, in Powers' opinion require consultation and fitting with hearing health professionals; in addition, he cited to a study indicating that hearing impaired individuals were more likely to be satisfied and wear hearing aids fitted by a professional.
Frank R. Lin, M.D., Ph.D., Associate Professor in the Departments of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery and Geriatric Medicine at the John Hopkins School of Medicine and in the Departments of Epidemiology and Mental Health at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, on the other hand, opined that OTC sales would make hearing aids more accessible and affordable to the hearing-impaired population; currently, less than 28 percent of the nearly 38 million Americans with significant hearing loss have access to the devices. He argued that alleged safety concerns about the sale of OTC hearing aids to individuals with moderate hearing loss were raised by parties looking to preserve the status quo, which offers little incentive for innovation of new market entry, with, "98 percent of the world's hearing aid marketplace being controlled by six companies." He likened the risks of OTC hearing aids to the risk of OTC reading glasses or aspirin.
Medical Device Servicing Safety and Accountability Act
H.R. 2118 would require establishments that service medical devices to register with the FDA, establish a complaint-handling system, and report adverse events to the agency. Joe Robinson, Senior Vice President of Health Systems Solutions for Philips North America, offered his support of the bill on behalf of the Medical Imaging & Technology Alliance (MITA). He noted that improper servicing of medical devices by non-manufacturer entities can injure patients via direct or indirect bodily harm, and can also cause problems for manufacturers down the road. For example, the manufacturer may not be aware of adverse events or may not be familiar with the chain of events that ultimately led to an adverse event, may experience difficulty upgrading parts that have been altered by a third party, or may have its device certification voided. MITA believes that registration and complaint handling is an important first step to improve service and safety.
Robert J. Kerwin, General Counsel for the International Association of Medical Equipment Remarketers and Services, Inc. (IAMERS), adamantly opposed the bill. He argued that the legislation provided a solution for a problem that does not exist, noting that, of the 177 public comments submitted to the FDA in response to its request for comments, including comments on service regulation, nearly none of them made negative comments about third-party device services, and that The Joint Commission, in its comment, stated that it "has no knowledge of any statistically significant level of safety problems resulting from the activities of any kind of maintenance/service provider." Kerwin contrasted MITA's opinion that increased regulation is necessary to prevent improper servicing with its members' decisions to subcontract with IAMERS members to perform repair work. He further emphasized that the language of the bill would classify any type of repair work performed as a complaint, increasing the burden on third-party services, and hurt rural and regional hospitals that rely heavily on third-party servicers.
Fostering Innovation in Medical Imaging Act
H.R. 2009 would "provide clarity with respect to the regulation of diagnostic imaging devices intended for use with contrast agents." Currently, the FDA will not approve imaging devices or enhancements for use with approved contrast agents, if the agents are not specifically labeled for that use. MITA approved of the bill's provision of "a clear regulatory pathway" to promote innovation.
Patricia Shrader, Vice President for Global Regulatory Affairs at Medtronic, Inc., spoke on behalf of AdvaMed, the Advanced Medical Technology Association, to offer its support of the bill, which would establish a risk-based inspection schedule based on a medical device facility's risk profile. Shrader opined that this would allow the FDA to consider a facility's compliance history and other related factors in scheduling inspections, as opposed to aligning the frequency of inspections with the classification of the devices a facility manufactures. She applauded the bill's plan to improve FDA and facility communications prior to, during, and after inspections, noting that facilities would no longer need to wonder from day-to-day, during the course of an ongoing inspection, whether an inspector would be able to travel to the facility. The bill would also require the FDA to provide non-binding feedback on proposed remediation plans, so that facilities are not left wondering what changes they should make. Finally, the bill would require the FDA to implement a process to address refused international device certifications—certificates to foreign governments (CFGs)—when those refusals result from lack of FDA confirmation, rather than issues with the devices.
Filed Under: Devices, Food & Drug Administration, News Tagged With: FDC Act, House committee, House hearing, inspections, medical devices, safety


According to our information, a new period of activity has been noted in the USA in the anti-Soviet campaign about human rights, driven first of all by reactionary political and Zionist circles in the United States with the participation of certain renegades who left the USSR and were deprived of their Soviet citizenship.
For the purposes of countering these hostile propaganda operations it would be expedient to prepare and implement a number of measures to disrupt them.
In particular, it should be conveyed to certain political, business and public circles in the USA which are interested in expanding ties with the USSR that the new anti-Soviet campaign… will significantly complicate the general political climate in Soviet-American relations and do substantial political and a certain economic harm to the United States.
materials and to incite individual Soviet citizens to commit State crimes and other anti-social acts.
Conditions will be created for journalists accredited with the USSR Ministry of Foreign Affairs to obtain documentary materials that expose the fabrications of bourgeois propaganda about the supposed violations of human rights in the USSR, and factual material that compromises the renegades whose names are actively used by Western mass media in conducting this anti-Soviet campaign.
This has been agreed with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Comrade Vorontsov), APN (Comrade Ivanenko), (Comrade Losev), State Television and Radio (Comrade Kravchenko).
1. Endorse the views expressed in the Note of of 31 July 1986 from the USSR Committee for State Security.
2. The KGB is to carry out special measures to pass on information to certain business, political and public circles in the USA, which have an interest in broadening ties with the USSR, … the new anti-Soviet campaign about human rights issues has arisen to a large extent thanks to the current views of the Reagan administration on the eve of mid-term elections to Congress will cause the United States substantial and definite economic damage.
3. Instruct the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the KGB to take additional measures against the relevant organisations behind the operations undertaken by the US embassy to develop the desire to emigrate among certain individual Soviet citizens and inciting them to commit unlawful acts.
5. The USSR Ministry of Foreign Affairs, APN and the KGB are to prepare and implement a number of measures to convey to foreign correspondents accredited with the Ministry of Foreign affairs documentary material that exposes the fabrications of bourgeois propaganda about supposed "cases of human rights violations" in the USSR. In particular, a press conference should be held for Western journalists at which the nature of our policy concerning Jews leaving the USSR should be explained. In cooperation with the USSR Council of Ministers' Council for Religious Affairs, interviews should be organised between Walker (Great Britain), Dederiks (FRG), Eaton (USA), An-Nauman (Kuwait) and others among the most objective foreign correspondents writing about Soviet realities and Metropolitans Juvenaly and Alexy, the Chairman of the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptists Logvinenko, and Council general secretary Bychkov, the religious figures Kharksy and Kulakov, the Mufti Babakhanov, during which the assertions of Western mass media about "violations of the rights of believers in the USSR" are shown to be groundless.
6. The USSR Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Gosteleradio and the KGB are to aid those Western television journalists who are more objective in their coverage of Soviet policies by organising television broadcasts to West Europe an countries that have an anti-American bent, and with the involvement of leading Soviet political commentators, concerning the practical contribution of the USSR and other States in the revival of the process of detente in Europe.
to a previously typed document this is indicated by underlined italic script.


To make the student orient to the hospital unit, instruments uses and arrangement before they are posted to the wards.
To learn about each instrument and articles about their use, purposes and indication.
To learn the sterilization of instrument and maintenance of cloth goods, metal good, rubber good and glassware in the unit.
To learn the setting of the trays for various nursing procedure and to learn various therapeutic positions and procedure.
To learn to perform basic Nursing procedures before administering on the patient.
To know the relation and scientific principles behind each procedures.
To educate the students about the community situation and to learn the basic Nursing procedure which are to be performed in community settings.
To learn to treat the patient in home environment with minimum facilities.
To learn the community bag technique, the various Nursing Procedures and providing health Education.
To learn the stages of labor with the help of models and charts.
To know the equipments used in labor room.
To know the classification and the calories.
To understand normal requirement of food and the calculate according to the age and food recommendation.
To demonstrate the therapeutic diet to the student for various diseases.
To learn the Anatomy structure and Physiological functions of the body.
To study each organs with the help of models and charts.
To know the classification of Miceo-Organisms with the help of charts and models.
To know the methods of sterilization and the instruments used for sterilization.
To know the constituents of food, blood with the help of models and charts.
To learn Basic fundamentals of computers.
To HELINET Facilities in Library computer Lab.
To update the latest trends through Internet Faculties.
To know about the A.V. Aids which aid in the learning procedure in the nursing field examples models, charts, flash cards, Puppets, OHP, TV, VCD, Slides, CDs, etc.


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Amber Rose Says She'd Beat Blac Chyna In A Rap Battle
H.A.G Entertainment December 28, 2022 Hip-Hop
Amber Rose has taken her talents to the hip hop world, and she's calling out her former BFF Blac Chyna....
How Much Did Blac Chyna Make To Become The OnlyFans Queen?
H.A.G Entertainment September 3, 2022 Hip-Hop
Getty Image OnlyFans has been a booming business over the years where women have offered exclusive, premium content. Despite the...
Blac Chyna, Cardi B, And Bella Thorne Are All Reportedly Making Over $100 Million Per Year Via OnlyFans (?!?!?!?!)
Getty Image OnlyFans is reporting record profits for 2021 and revealing that its creators pulled in almost $4 billion, which...
Amber Rose has taken her talents to the hip hop world, and she's calling out her former BFF Blac Chyna. The Philadelphia model turned rapper stopped by Drink Champs earlier this week to dish on her new music and much more.
During the interview, famed battle rapper Murda Mook flexed his rap skills, urging Amber to ask, "Can you teach me." Rose went on to share her desire to battle rap against someone. Drink Champs cohost NORE chimed in, suggesting that Amber go up against Blac Chyna in a rap battle. However, Amber was sure of her ability to win. She responded to NORE's proposition with, "she'll lose."
LOS ANGELES, CA – JUNE 24: Blac Chyna and Amber Rose arrive to the 2018 BET Awards held at Microsoft Theater on June 24, 2018 in Los Angeles, California. (Photo by Prince Williams/Getty Images)
Both Amber and Chyna have turned their socialite status into a budding rap career. Rose dropped her Manny Fresh produced record "GYOH" back in June to mixed reviews. As for Chyna, she's been attempting to break onto the music scene since 2020. Her latest record, "Can't See Me" was also met with mixed reviews from fans.
The Philly native and the DC bred model were inseparable at one point in their career. But children, marriages and career changes seemingly brought a bit of distance between the friends. Rumors also began to swirl back in 2018 that the two were feuding after Chyna ditched attending Amber's annual Sl**walk in favor of going to the BET Hip Hop Awards instead.
A post shared by RAPFEST (@therapfest)
Neither of the ladies confirmed the beef. But after Chyna was a no show at the slut walk, Amber unfollowed her on Instagram. No word on where the pair stands as friends today. But their social media interaction and public outings are a far cry from their early days in Hollywood together.
Back in 2020, Amber posted a sweet tribute to the Rob & Chyna star via Instagram. "We are always there for each other through thick and thin no matter what people say about us," Rose wrote. "We're lovers, we're fighters and we're extremely strong women." Who do you think would win a battle rap session?
[embed]https://youtube.com/watch?v=HQt2bXOsUb4&feature=oembed[/embed]
[embed]https://youtube.com/watch?v=ELFoNT-qBFc&feature=oembed[/embed]


Off the back of vocal artist Reeps One's unique live performance, this screening of the docu-series, We Speak Music, is made in collaboration with Nokia Bell Labs. Reeps joins us after the screening to explore the links between self expression, music and the mind.
The We Speak Music series has been rated U.


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Q: Unable to resolve dependency for ':app@debug/compileClasspath': Could not resolve project :react-native-snackbar Facing mentioned error in case of below two packages every time I install a new package,
react-native-snackbar
react-native-local-auth

when I refer to this SO Question, One of the solutions is occurring in my case,

2) Check inside the directory ./node_modules/react-native-navigation. If it only contains 'lib/android/app/', your module may have been deleted. If so, npm install / yarn install should recover it.

once I do npm install everything will be alright.
Can anybody let me know why it is happening and especially for the above mentioned packages? And what would be the resolution for this?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange