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TYC history repeats itself - possibly at 10 a.m. this morning
With the joint Texas House-Senate committee on oversight for the Texas Youth Commission meeting this morning at 10 a.m., it was timely for Texas A&M San Antonio Prof. Bill Bush, a regular Grits commenter and historian who's writing a book on the Texas Youth Commission, to publish the first installment (pdf) of a history of the agency in collaboration with our friends at the Texas Criminal Justice Coalition.
(Those interested in the TYC hearing can go here for the live feed - scroll down past the very important item "to Study the Practice of Breeding White-Tailed and Mule Deer")
In the introduction, Bush returns to a theme he's repeated often in reaction to various reforms by the agency and the Legislature in discussions here on Grits:
juvenile justice agencies and policymakers have often repeated past mistakes - almost verbatim. Consensus among juvenile justice practitioners and experts had held since at least the 1940s that juveniles are best rehabilitated by individualized care, delivered close to their families and communities. However, this approach rarely has been put into practice, largely due to perceived costs, which suggests a third lesson: juvenile justice requires sustained support, resource investment, and vision. Many of the worst abuse scandals and missteps have stemmed from meager budgets, and the inadequate services, poorly trained employees, and unqualified administrators that result.
These perpetual problems have been repeatedly unearthed by the press, only to be reburied again once the public's anger has passed.
Lots of good stuff in Bush's report. For example, how many TYC employees knew they owed their jobs thanks to do-gooder activism from the Texas chapter of the Women's Christian Temperance Union in the 1880s?And who is surprised that even then rural communities bid to subsidize youth prison construction because they were "eager for the anticipated jobs"?
Equally familiar were claims by employees and their legislative champions that a reform statute passed in 1947 "would result in the inmates 'taking over' the institutions." They didn't, of course, but we've seen the same ridiculous claim made in response to virtually every proposed reform over the last year in dozens of Grits' comment strings.
I didn't know that the practice of "indeterminate sentencing" dates all the way back to 1913. Or that TYC's then-lone facility in Gatesville was under control of the adult prison system until 1909. Certainly the accounts of segregated TYC units for blacks and the rise of separate girls' facilities was all new to me, too. Bush details the juvenile side of the important cycle of prison reforms in the 1920s, spearheaded again by women's temperance and Christian groups (like the YWCA), whose efforts ultimately ended the practice of using youth prison labor as contractors for private businesses.
I'm looking forward to reading the full thing more carefully when I get the chance and may have more to say about it then. Certainly the TYC saga already has provided plenty of fodder over the last year and a half for Bush's 'history repeats itself' theme, so I'm equally looking forward to future installments of this multi-part history.
Grits, thanks for the shout out. I do hope readers here will give it a look, even though it is a highly abbreviated version of my book, which should be coming out next spring.
FWIW, I'm happy to answer questions about it on this thread.
It's funny, a mantra for historians is that the "history repeats itself" framework is to be avoided at all costs, that it constitutes one of the worst errors one can make, for a variety of reasons.
I've never found this maxim harder to avoid than in this case, though.
One small correction: I teach at Texas A&M-San Antonio, not UTSA...:)
Whoops, meant to say "harder to follow"... BB
Those interested in the TYC hearing can go here for the live feed - scroll down past the very important item "to Study the Practice of Breeding White-Tailed and Mule Deer")
I hope Witmire and Madden don't confuse the two meetings!
First observation: If juvenile probation's projected populations are leveling off, but yet TYC's projections are increasing, then are judges starting to direct commit and handing down felonies? Any stats on that?
Dutton asked a good question regarding follow up mental health treatment upon release and how that relates to kids being revoked. The answer is that referrals are made, but the majority that come back return with having only attended maybe one session if at all. We don't have much control to force them to go when they're in the community. This is when they really screw up, commit a new crime, or start failing to report and thus get revoked. Good question though.
Thanks, Bill - I corrected your affiliation.
On the increases, 10:20, what's happening is they project the same intake every year - 2090 kids - but with Lengths of Stay at 14 months or so, that means over time you have more kids en toto so the numbers rise.
Are those 2090 kids all new commitments or does that number include those who have been revoked?
As I understand it the 2090 is total annual projected intake, including revocations. Here's the document (pdf) so you can doublecheck for yourself.
Thanks, Prof. Bush, for the paper. Very informative history. Illustrating de Tocqueville's belief stated at the beginning of The Old Regime and the Revolution: "I am convinced that, despite themselves, they retained from the old regime most of the feelings, habits, and even ideas which helped them make the Revolution that destroyed it. Unintentionally, they used the debris of the old regime to construct the framework of their new society."
Mr Bush and Grits, I guess where I am bumping my head is that it is obvious that the past and present hold horrible stories and lack of progression for the youth correction and that even in the 1913, 1920's sex abuse, indeterminate sentencing and other horrible inflictions have been bestowed upon the youth and therefore bleeding over to the adults and there fore bleeding to their children and their childrens children and etc...so where is the logic in the continuance of discussion when the hurt and harm have been so embeded in the judical system? It is almost where I as a taxpayer start to pray that there is a riot of disturbance to yield some change. I do understand many people here in this country feel that if someone is incarcerated they deserve whatever happens in there...but where the harm is, is that there are children, there are innocent people and the just system is a far cry from just, fair and without racial ties...it seems most of the true convicts and felons are those wearing the suits and polishing over the laws to allow the abuse and harm to continue so my true question is...why keep talking and no action?
8:11, you've nailed one of the founding flaws of juvenile justice at its outset: the attempt to overlay a juvenile system over an existing adult correctional structure. While the two systems share some similarities, they have important differences in terms of their stated goals and the populations they deal with.
I would argue that this "overlay" phenomenon obtained not only with physical structures such as Gatesville but also in terms of the general mindset of many (but not all) of the pols, the employees, and the public.
That is, they did not strive to think of the problem differently, only to tweak existing attitudes around the edges.
Toward 8:07's comment, the result of this "overlay" problem was not only abuses of youth (many of whom were not charged with criminal offenses), but also a failure on the public safety front.
Anecdotal evidence suggests that as many as half of all adult inmates in this early period had spent significant time in Gatesville.
"We patch and tinker more than we renew," as William James said.
This from Raymond Geuss:
"History is a continuing series of transformations in which the old is not simply obliterated and utterly deleted, but is taken up and preserved in a modified form. Even a political regime in the modern world that takes itself to be utterly radical, an absolute new start in human history, must, if it is to survive at all, take over an existing health care system, educational institutions, penal practices, and a legal code. In a situation like this the new regime will try to impress its own set of goals on the whole existing social structure. However the social structure at any given time is not a tabula rasa with no internal structure or powers of resistance; there will be existing forces in place – existing buildings that structure and constrain the kinds of interactions which can take place within them, people who have been trained in certain techniques, habits of behavior that are rooted in the past – and the project of those in power will be to enlist the existing social energies and redirect them to what are construed as the 'correct' ends. History is best seen as the struggle between such historically embodied forces and the attempts to redirect them – between nurses on the hospital wards and the commissars, the prison guards and reformers, teachers and government inspectors, and so on. These struggles, and the semantic, conceptual, evaluative, and material elements that were the vehicles through which they were carried on, leave traces in the present. The outcome of such struggles is a matter not of a 'logic' of any kind but of brute fact – of the actual strength and skill of particular existing persons and groups, and of the contingently existing circumstances in which they confront each other. The living past is overwhelmingly a realm of gross historical contingency. Any significant human phenomenon that has succeeded in maintaining itself throughout a long history into the present, then, can be expected to be a highly stratified composite whose parts derive originally from different periods. The original rationale of each of these parts will have been oriented to a completely different (past) context of action. Finally, the particular configuration from which those parts have come to stand to one another will have been deeply determined by the historical play of force from which the phenomenon has arisen." (preface to Public Goods / Private Goods, 2005)
"The basic model for understanding history," Geuss says in another work, "is the transformation of pre-existing social institutions like the hospital system, the educational system, the state, or the penal system when a new revolutionary government comes to power. . . . Such revolutionary processes are epistemically enlightening not because all of history is a series of revolutions or because only revolutionary change is important, but because in such revolutions one can see in a particularly condensed, accelerated and self-conscious visible way the kind of thing which is happening less visibly, intensely, and quickly in all of history." (History and Illusion in Politics, 2001)
What kind of thing? How about, "History does not repeat, it recycles."
Materials from Indigent Defense Conference
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County Commissioners key to jail decisions
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TYC stops paying for empty private prison
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FCC has no authority to approve cell phone jammers...
Long booking times a strong argument for police us...
Staff bristling at TDCJ lockdown restrictions
Pay hike for guards needed to reduce contraband sm...
Senate committee examines reasons for contraband s...
Attorney General should stop DPS' end-run around t...
Fewer than half of authorized new treatment beds o...
Even death row not immune to contraband smuggling
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Texas' example cited as way to smartly reduce pris...
Tyler paper editorializing for jail in news pages
Austin PD finally implementing B misdemeanor citat...
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Annual Halloween scare tactic on sex offenders doe...
Texas leads in geography of Bush pardons
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Dallas using public humiliation tactics for petty ...
Voters can't know details of Tyler jail until afte...
The sad and disgraceful case of Judge Samuel Kent
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Bluing of the Dallas Judiciary Foreshadows Turnove...
'Show up' tactic can taint witness IDs
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A 'Barney Fife Exception' to the exclusionary rule...
Local Texas law enforcement elections on the Novem...
How will UTMB layoffs affect prison healthcare?
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How an appellate court works
New Dallas crimjust advisory board: Send fewer peo...
Credit Crunch or Overstuffed Prisons? Why does Arn...
Balko on Obama on Crime
Travels in the Land of "Harmless Error": Hide your...
Cartel violence so far stays in Mexico but corrupt...
How will economic meltdown affect the justice syst...
Prison Poster Project in Austin
Dallas police cameras focused on petty crime, publ...
DOJ BJS: Private prisons dominated recent prison c...
Immigration notes
Blakeslee profiles prosecutor who ignored TYC case...
Evins JCO charged with peddling cocaine
Death row inmate claiming innocence will get new t...
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MADD identifies its 2009 TX Lege agenda
Ombudsman's report may overstate improper abuse ca...
Lack of private beds shouldn't stop Texas from usi...
TYC caseload projections questioned
Most Texas inmates surveyed say they've been retal...
TYC history repeats itself - possibly at 10 a.m. t...
Willful Negligence: Bexar probation still not prov...


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Home › A Silent Voice (Original Soundtrack) by Kensuke Ushio
Anime Limited
A Silent Voice (Original Soundtrack) by Kensuke Ushio
DISTRIBUTED TITLE: The complete original soundtrack from the critically acclaimed anime movie A Silent Voice, produced by Kyoto Animation and directed by Naoko Yamada, and adapted from the award-winning manga of the same name.
This emotional journey of ambient music is composed by Kensuke Ushio, whose other soundtrack compositions for anime include the Netflix series Devilman Crybaby and Japan Sinks 2020.
• Double LP features black vinyl
• LP includes a 16-page booklet featuring artwork, character information, information about staff who worked on the film, an article written by Andrew Osmond and an article written by Jonathan Clements
• Available on Double CD
inv ( I.i)
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bnw
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van (var)
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Invention No. 1
C dur (LastPart)
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Project Blue (Original Soundtrack) by toggle switch
Spinch (Original Soundtrack) by Thesis Sahib
Marshall Art by Marshall Art
Necrosphere (Original Soundtrack) by Juliane Andrezzo & Caio Lopez

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


It's clear people love the idea of products manufactured in the USA. We've toured the DeWalt North Carolina manufacturing plant facility, the Milwaukee Greenwood Plant, and the Southwire Wire wire-making plants in Georgia. Our recent tour to the KEEN Utility factory in Portland, Oregon allowed us to do something we haven't done before: make some boots. There's nothing more fun than getting to participate in the process of actually making boots in the USA. While there, we also took the opportunity to get to know the staff and explore various parts of their company. That included the headquarters, their factory, and even the local KEEN store where they sell products.
The first step in the process sorts the incoming boots and shoes so as to correctly place them into the assembly system. Not all KEEN Utility footwear can be assembled here in the United States. An example would be the models with Goodyear welt designs. Those require special double-stitching to attach the sole to the upper.
Each upper is fit to the correctly-sized last. The "last" is the form that represents the proper shoe size (or foot size, really). It makes up the "secret sauce" behind the KEEN fit and allows the consistency you find in every pair of boots or work shoes. KEEN Utility uses a last that is larger in the toe area since they form their protective toes (composite, aluminum, and steel) around the last. Left and right shoes are also uniquely shaped. Many other manufacturers will shave down the toe area to accommodate the extra room required by a protective toe. Others use a single last for both feet.
As we participated in the process, our chief job involved taking the uppers, attaching the soles to them, and ensuring proper cleanup and packaging. After placing the uppers of the KEEN Utility Logandale boots onto the correct last, they made their way to a new machine. Here, we saw them prepped, heated, and secured to the midsole/rubber outsole.
After the automated arms of the machine spray a release agent onto the mold, the system rotates and positions the sole above the mold containing the sole. Once ready, an operator manually triggers the heating element to superheat the sole.
The next step in our KEEN Utility factory tour involved watching the machine drive the Logandale upper down onto the midsole and clamp down overtop the toe. This locked everything in place and ensured a secure fit.
With the boot now basically formed, it continued on to a brief inspection for any obvious flaws.
After we removed our KEEN Utility Logandale boots from the machine, we took them to a new station. There, we manually cut away the excess polyurethane that "squeezed" out the sides as the sole formed onto the boot.
Almost finished! We took the boots to an important station where the KEEN Utility staff showed us how to clean them up. We removed burrs and other imperfections present from the process of applying the outsole.
Finally, we packaged the boots for shipment…we might have had some help here.
It's always good to get a feel for how things work. In the case of our KEEN Utility factory tour, we didn't see hundreds of employees sewing together leather uppers and lacing boots. What we did see, however, was a thriving factory in the heart of Portland that was doing great work. We also saw happy employees. As a business owner myself, that means a lot. They seem to care quite a bit about quality control, and we're looking forward to seeing the new KEEN Utility boot styles we previewed in Portland. I'm just glad I didn't have to sew together leather uppers…the trip might have taken several more days.


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Thursday's Hearing Broke the Way We Confirm Supreme Court Justices
We need to completely rework the confirmation process
Victoria Bassetti
Brennan Center Fellow Victoria Bassetti, a former counsel to the Senate Judiciary Committee, participated in a Q&A for Politico on the Kavanaugh nomination. Below are her responses:
Who do you find more credible, [Brett Kavanaugh or Christine Blasey Ford]?
I found Ford more credible. She was calm and collected. In contrast, Kavanaugh was angry, confrontational, and at times rambling. He was openly partisan, even threatening.
However, my ability to judge their credibility would have been vastly improved if the committee had undertaken a thorough and professional investigation and if it had called other witnesses. The committee did neither Ford nor Kavanaugh nor the American public any favors when it refused to ask for an FBI inquiry.
What does today's hearing say about how we confirm Supreme Court justices?
Today's hearing broke the way we confirm Supreme Court justices. It was an imperfect system before. A lot of people were bruised in the process, and we were rarely much the wiser about a prospective justice's philosophy or thinking. But in its own way, it mostly worked. A year and a half ago, the confirmation hearing for Neil Gorsuch featured some deep questioning around his jurisprudence and some of his specific decisions. It also, of course, had its fair share of evasive answers. Even two weeks ago, the Kavanaugh hearings revealed a lot about his thinking on Chevron deference and how the Supreme Court deals with unenumerated rights.
It was always, of course, a political process. And like so much of today's politics, it has reached the intractable tribal, shouting phase. How to deescalate? First, completely rework the confirmation process. The current members of the Senate Judiciary Committee — the ones who are screaming at each other today — need to step away for a while. Second, turn the confirmation process over to a new special committee that lays out its procedures well in advance. Finally, take the time to do things right. There is never a need to rush to confirm someone to a lifetime appointment on the Supreme Court.
(Image: Melina Mara/Getty)
Letter to House Judiciary Committee in Support of the For the People Act
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The News & Observer


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MLS launches 'eMLS,' a new FIFA esports league with one pro gamer representing each team
by Taylor Soper on January 12, 2018 at 7:00 am January 12, 2018 at 9:19 am
Major League Soccer is following in the footsteps of the NBA with its own esports league.
MLS announced Friday the creation of "eMLS," a new competitive gaming league organized in partnership with EA Sports.
MLS teams — 19 of 23 at the outset — will be represented by one FIFA 18 gamer who will compete against others for a chance to represent the league in the FIFA 18 Global Series Playoffs and ultimately the FIFA eWorld Cup 2018. The eMLS Cup, taking place this April at PAX East in Boston, will help determine the winner.
The teams will use their own process to select a player. The 19 participating clubs in eMLS are: Chicago Fire, Colorado Rapids, Columbus Crew SC, FC Dallas, Houston Dynamo, LA Galaxy, Minnesota United FC, Montreal Impact, New England Revolution, New York City FC, New York Red Bulls, Orlando City SC, Philadelphia Union, Portland Timbers, San Jose Earthquakes, Seattle Sounders FC, Sporting Kansas City, Toronto FC, and Vancouver Whitecaps FC.
"We are excited to unveil eMLS," Gary Stevenson, president and managing director, MLS Business Ventures, said in a statement. "This step forward into competitive gaming is a key component in our partnership with EA SPORTS to promote deeper engagement and connections between MLS supporters and the millions of FIFA players around the world."
Last year, the NBA announced its own esports league, the new NBA 2K League, in partnership with Take Two Interactive, makers of the popular NBA 2K video game. The format is similar, with each NBA 2K League team representing a traditional NBA team.
Intel: Our initial fix for the Meltdown and Spectre chip design flaws had flaws
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Filed Under: Sports Tech
Geek of the Week: Jason Flick has his gamer face on as official eMLS player for the Seattle Sounders
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GeekWire Robotics Cup is thrilling new addition to annual Bash, featuring 24 teams of junior geeks


"Hence we will not say that Greeks fight like heroes, but that heroes fight like Greeks!"
28mm range of Greek Ezones - Mountain Infantry. This range focuses on the Greco-Italian War from October 1940 to April 1941. The range may also be used in other theatres during all parts of the war.


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Dodo's Printing Press 03 Jan 2022 18:47 03 Jan 2022 18:47 4
Your Demise Explained 03 Jan 2022 14:58 03 Jan 2022 14:58 1
Fairytale 03 Jan 2022 04:12 03 Jan 2022 04:12 1
Children of the Deep 03 Jan 2022 04:04 03 Jan 2022 04:04 1
The Remains Of The Day 02 Jan 2022 23:50 02 Jan 2022 23:50 2
Applied Crit 02 Jan 2022 13:41 02 Jan 2022 13:41 1
SCP-6427 Art Piece Wallpaper 02 Jan 2022 07:21 02 Jan 2022 07:21 3
They Had Names 02 Jan 2022 01:02 02 Jan 2022 01:02 4
Color and Light 01 Jan 2022 18:02 01 Jan 2022 18:02 3
Change Your Past In One Easy Step 01 Jan 2022 16:47 01 Jan 2022 16:47 1
16/6/2020 01 Jan 2022 03:30 01 Jan 2022 03:30 0
For Merely Dreaming We Were Snow 31 Dec 2021 10:35 31 Dec 2021 10:35 6
Green Basilisk 31 Dec 2021 05:56 31 Dec 2021 05:56 5
The Games We Play 30 Dec 2021 21:55 30 Dec 2021 21:55 4
KTE-0154-Blackwood-Gorgon 30 Dec 2021 17:49 30 Dec 2021 17:49 2
Tokophobia 30 Dec 2021 16:06 30 Dec 2021 16:06 1
Quid Pro Quo 30 Dec 2021 15:19 30 Dec 2021 15:19 5
Curated Tale Series - Archive 30 Dec 2021 12:27 30 Dec 2021 12:27 1
Bullying Gravity 30 Dec 2021 06:52 30 Dec 2021 06:52 1
Our Fates 29 Dec 2021 13:07 29 Dec 2021 13:07 0
ARTWITNESS: SCP-5843 Fanart 29 Dec 2021 12:55 29 Dec 2021 12:55 3
The Great Escape of 6767 and Coffee Snake Art 29 Dec 2021 11:39 29 Dec 2021 11:39 0
There Is No Colour Out of Space 29 Dec 2021 09:17 29 Dec 2021 09:17 11
Cool Aetern Facts 29 Dec 2021 09:10 29 Dec 2021 09:10 6
It's Good to Touch the Green, Green Grass of Home 29 Dec 2021 04:50 29 Dec 2021 04:50 3
Milk Jesus II 29 Dec 2021 04:09 29 Dec 2021 04:09 4
SCP-5336 fan comic 29 Dec 2021 02:32 29 Dec 2021 02:32 6
Beyond The Depths: It's A Long Way To Go 29 Dec 2021 02:06 29 Dec 2021 02:06 2
ㄗitch 廾aven: Sarah And Stuart 29 Dec 2021 01:37 29 Dec 2021 01:37 2
Spider Song (How We Stand as the Universe Collapses) 28 Dec 2021 23:04 28 Dec 2021 23:04 2
Agente Shuffle's 2021 Art Exchange Gifts 28 Dec 2021 21:38 28 Dec 2021 21:38 4
The Critters of Kiryu Labs 28 Dec 2021 21:24 28 Dec 2021 21:24 4
Pixel Fanart: SCP-4943 28 Dec 2021 20:39 28 Dec 2021 20:39 2
Author Profile: Fable! 10 Jun 2021 19:15 10 Jun 2021 19:15 11
Six Little Mice 03 Feb 2013 21:46 03 Feb 2013 21:46 39
All Things Considered 03 Feb 2013 21:12 03 Feb 2013 21:12 39
Life in the Multiverse 03 Feb 2013 19:44 03 Feb 2013 19:44 21
SCP-1327 03 Feb 2013 12:55 03 Feb 2013 12:55 28
Green Pawn 03 Feb 2013 04:11 03 Feb 2013 04:11 5
Antediluvian 03 Feb 2013 03:41 03 Feb 2013 03:41 9
Eden 03 Feb 2013 02:20 03 Feb 2013 02:20 13
SCP-576 02 Feb 2013 23:28 02 Feb 2013 23:28 58
The Good of the Other 02 Feb 2013 04:24 02 Feb 2013 04:24 32
Special Assets 01 Feb 2013 19:24 01 Feb 2013 19:24 12
RE: 01 Feb 2013 13:53 01 Feb 2013 13:53 32
Revelation 01 Feb 2013 09:26 01 Feb 2013 09:26 16
The Gate Opens 01 Feb 2013 09:23 01 Feb 2013 09:23 17
"Apakht" 01 Feb 2013 09:20 01 Feb 2013 09:20 14
Saturday Night SCP Showdown 31 Jan 2013 02:23 31 Jan 2013 02:23 25
Deus Vult 30 Jan 2013 23:08 30 Jan 2013 23:08 24
Text of a Condolence Letter - Federal Bureau of Investigation, Unusual Incidents Unit 30 Jan 2013 18:31 30 Jan 2013 18:31 32
Duty 30 Jan 2013 13:59 30 Jan 2013 13:59 5
They Will Leave Us With a Shaken Earth 30 Jan 2013 10:36 30 Jan 2013 10:36 12
There Was One, There Was Not One 30 Jan 2013 05:37 30 Jan 2013 05:37 43
Pieces of Mind 30 Jan 2013 03:34 30 Jan 2013 03:34 19
Primo Gustu Color 30 Jan 2013 03:25 30 Jan 2013 03:25 16
Finding The Machine 30 Jan 2013 03:13 30 Jan 2013 03:13 24
Interlude - The Faraday Girls 30 Jan 2013 03:02 30 Jan 2013 03:02 29
Memory of a Memory 30 Jan 2013 02:33 30 Jan 2013 02:33 15
Placere Non Trinus 30 Jan 2013 01:22 30 Jan 2013 01:22 22
SCP基金会Minecraft分部沙盒
宇宙之上,基岩之下
CUNEF Group C2
For Your Work, Opinions and Discoveries!
Porphyra Roleplaying Game
Always a Work-In-Progress


Classic, personalized round charm. Custom engravable with one to five characters. In the "3 Letter Monogram" the center initial is larger, traditionally the monogram would be ordered: first name, last name, middle name.
This is a very classic piece. I recommend it for gifts, you can't go wrong with a monogrammed piece! I also found Starling's price to be a better price point than some I compared it to. Overall great experience.


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Q: Highcharts context buttons placement at top of graph beside legend Is there a simple way of placing the export button outside the data area at the same level as the legend ? I've tried every combo of align and vertical align, but I can;t seem to get it out/up.
e.g.
contextButton: {
align: 'right',
verticalAlign: 'top',
text: 'EXPORT'
} doesn't work,
nor does any combination of setting the x, y values

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Check out the photos below of some of our inventory. Ask for anything you don't see.
Photo Gallery - Photos from around our store, in no particular order.
Click a thumbnail to see full-sized and activate slideshow.


Each summer, hundreds of youth and youth group leaders participate in The Hartford Project, a collaboration of churches that seek to experience and share God's love in Hartford.
During several four-day blocks, middle- and high-schoolers join with peers to engage in youth service-learning, which positively impacts the community and helps THP participants learn valuable skills and reflect on their experiences, communities, and broader issues such as social justice and civic responsibility.
Three components of THP weave together opportunities for teens to build character, grow in leadership, and deepen their faith in God, by serving at work sites throughout the city, connecting together through worship and prayer sessions, and learning about social justice the benefits of urban living.
In a recent program evaluation conducted by Urban Alliance, the vast majority of youth who participated in THP in 2017 had a positive experience. 96.7% indicated that they plan to be part of a community service project in the future, 98.8% felt they worked on a project that positively impacted the Hartford community, and 93.4% of youth indicated that they grew in their relationship with God.
Participation in THP increased youth's leadership confidence, improved their view of the city of Hartford, increased their comfort interacting with people from different cultures and ethnicities, and increased the importance they placed on unity and relationship among believers in the body of Christ.
While the majority of THP youth and leaders are from churches in the suburban towns of Greater Hartford, many are from the city of Hartford and face increased barriers to participating in impactful youth programs like THP.
Urban Alliance has stepped in to help alleviate some of these challenges, and to increase access for teens to participate in THP by providing scholarships that will be awarded to Hartford churches and ministry organizations that participate UA's Next Generation initiative.
"Often parents who are raising children in socioeconomically fragile communities greatly desire to expose their children to programs and activities that will empower them, but are overwhelmed by financial constraints," explained Rosaicela Rodriguez, Urban Alliance's Director of Implementation, Children & Youth Initiatives.
The hope is that burdens can be lifted for the families of some of these youth, so they are provided with an equal opportunity to develop the character, relationships and skills needed to succeed in their schools and communities.
As registration opens up for THP 2018, so do the opportunities for hundreds of youth to connect, serve and grow. To learn more about participating in Urban Alliance's Next Generation initiative or THP scholarships, contact Rosaicela Rodriguez.


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Home ► Baby food
Hero Group becomes the home of Baby Gourmet
Acquired Canadian brand of organic kids's meals and snacks
The Hero Group has acquired Baby Gourmet, a Canadian organic meal and snack brand for babies and toddlers. The acquisition includes Slammers Snacks, a Baby Gourmet-owned organic US children's snack brand. The financial terms of the transaction have not been disclosed. Baby Gourmet and the Hero Group, an international food company which also owns US baby food brand Beech-Nut, plan to work together to expand Baby Gourmet's footprint in North America.
Headquartered in Calgary, Alberta, Baby Gourmet offers a range of meals and snacks, including cereals and purée pouches. In 2014, the company launched Slammers Snacks nationally in the US. "After 15 years of building Canada's leading organic baby food brand, Jill and I are thrilled to launch our next phase of growth with Hero", said Baby Gourmet CEO and co-founder Jennifer Carlson, who, along with her sister Jill Vos, will remain an officer and shareholder of the company. "With our shared values, Hero is the perfect home for Baby Gourmet; a place where we can continue to develop our beloved, mission-driven brand."
Rob Versloot, CEO of the Hero Group, added: "We are extremely pleased to have positively concluded the acquisition of Baby Gourmet and to have found a strategic partnership model with the founders to continue their entrepreneurial success story. The baby food market is our largest category, where we are keen on further increasing our footprint".
Roma, RM, Italia, 01/19/2021 17:03
Baby foodThe new sustainable packaging by Plasmon
First baby food product with fully recyclable packaging
Plasmon, the Italian baby food company owned by Kraft-Heinz confirms its commitment to sustainability and relaunches its "Squeezer and Taste" in a new fully recyclable pack. The Plasmon 100% fruit snack... more
Baby foodEvolve BioSystems collects $ 55 million in funding
Cargill and Manna Tree support the start-up of probiotics for children
Evolve BioSystems announced that it has completed an initial close of a $ 55 million Series D funding round, led by Cargill, the global food, agricultural, financial and industrial company, and Manna Tree,... more
Baby foodDeA Capital: Taste of Italy 2 fund concludes its first transaction in Spain
Acquired 60% of Alnut, Foodiverse keeps the remaining 40%
The investment fund Taste of Italy 2, managed by DeA Capital Alternative Funds SGR S.p.A. and Foodiverse Hold S.L, have signed an agreement under which 60% of the shares of Alimentación y Nutrición Familiar S... more


ESPN's Lindsey Thiry writes that Jared Goff has bounce back again after his disastrous Super Bowl play. Thiry sites about three times in the past where he did make successful come backs.
While I understand the loss may have shocked from his terrible play during a nationally televised game, I also believed he has no other choice but to come back and take his team even further in 2019.


text:
Commendation Medal
For other medals of the same name, see Commendation Medal (disambiguation).
Commendation Medals
Five Commendation Medals are awarded by branch or service. From left to right: Joint Service, Air Force, Army, Navy & Marine Corps, and Coast Guard.
Awarded by United States Department of Defense
Military medal (Decoration)
Military personnel only
heroism, meritorious achievement, or meritorious service
currently awarded
Navy & Marine Corps - 1943
Coast Guard - 1943
Army - 1945
Air Force - 1958
Joint Service - 1963
Next (higher)
Aerial Achievement Medal (USAF)
Silver Lifesaving Medal (USCG)
Next (lower)
Achievement Medals
Five Commendation ribbons are awarded by branch or service.
Top row: Joint Service, Army.
Bottom row: Air Force, Navy & Marine Corps, Coast Guard.
The Commendation Medal is a mid-level United States military decoration which is presented for sustained acts of heroism or meritorious service. For valorous actions in direct contact with an enemy, but of a lesser degree than required for the award of the Bronze Star Medal, a Commendation Medal with "V" Device or Combat "V" (Navy/Marine) is awarded; the "V" device may be authorized for wear on the service and suspension ribbon of the medal to denote valor. Each branch of the United States Armed Forces issues its own version of the Commendation Medal, with a fifth version existing for acts of joint military service performed under the Department of Defense.
The Commendation Medal was originally only a service ribbon and was first awarded by the U.S. Navy and U.S. Coast Guard in 1943. An Army Commendation Ribbon followed in 1945, and in 1949, the Navy, Coast Guard, and Army Commendation ribbons were renamed the "Commendation Ribbon with Metal Pendant." By 1960, the Commendation Ribbons had been authorized as full medals and were subsequently referred to as Commendation Medals.
Additional awards of the Army and Air Force Commendation Medals are denoted by bronze and silver oak leaf clusters. The Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal and Coast Guard Commendation Medal are authorized gold and silver 5/16 inch stars to denote additional awards. The Operational Distinguishing Device ("O" device) is authorized for wear on the Coast Guard Commendation Medal upon approval of the awarding authority. Order of Precedence is following the Bronze Star Medal but before the Prisoner of War Medal and all campaign medals. Each of the military services also awards separate Achievement Medals which are below the Commendation Medals in precedence.
1 By branch and service
1.1 Air Force
1.2 Army
1.3 Joint Service
1.4 Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guard
By branch and service
Air Force Commendation Medal
The U.S. Air Force began issuing its own Air Force Commendation Medal in 1958 with additional awards denoted by oak leaf clusters. Prior to this time, USAF recipients received the Army Commendation Medal. It was not until 1996 that the "V" device was authorized on the Air Force Commendation Medal; prior to 1996, there was not a valor distinction in effect for the Air Force Commendation Medal. For USAF enlisted personnel, the Air Force Commendation Medal is worth three points under the Air Force enlisted promotion system.[1]
The Air Force Commendation Medal is awarded to American and foreign military personnel in the grade of O-6 and below who have performed noteworthy service in any capacity with the United States Air Force. Qualifying service for the award of the medal can be for distinctive meritorious achievement and service, acts of courage involving no voluntary risk of life, or sustained meritorious performance of duty. Approval of the award must be made by an officer in the grade of Colonel or higher.[2]
The Air Force Commendation Medal is a bronze hexagonal medallion. On the medallion is a shield surmounted by an eagle superimposed over clouds. On the shield bears a pair of flyer's wings and a vertical baton with an eagle's claw at either end; behind the shield are eight lightning bolts. The design on the shield is derived from the Seal of the Department of the Air Force. The ribbon of the Air Force Commendation Medal is golden yellow with blue edges. In the center are three bands of blue, the outer stripes are thin with the center stripe being wider.[2]
Army Commendation Medal
The Army Commendation Medal is awarded to any member of the Armed Forces of the United States other than General Officers who, while serving in any capacity with the U.S. Army after December 6, 1941, distinguished themselves by heroism, meritorious achievement or meritorious service. The medal may be awarded to a member of the Armed Forces of a friendly foreign nation who, after June 1, 1962, distinguishes themselves by an act of heroism, extraordinary achievement, or significant meritorious service which has been of mutual benefit to the friendly nation and the United States.[3]
The Army Commendation Medal is awarded to American and foreign military personnel in the grade of O-6 (Colonel in the U.S. Army) and below who have performed noteworthy service in any capacity with the United States Army. Qualifying service for the award of the medal can be for distinctive meritorious achievement and service, acts of courage involving no voluntary risk of life, or sustained meritorious performance of duty. Approval of the award must be made by an officer in the grade of Colonel (O-6) or higher.
The medallion of the Army Commendation Medal is a bronze hexagon, 1 3/8 inches wide. On the medallion is an American bald eagle with wings spread horizontally, grasping in its talons three crossed arrows. On its breast is a shield paly of thirteen pieces and a chief. The reverse bears a panel for naming between the words FOR MILITARY above and MERIT below, all placed above a laurel sprig. The ribbon is 1 3/8 inches wide primarily of Myrtle green. It is edged in white and in the center are five thin white stripes spaced equally apart.[3]
Joint Service
Joint Service Commendation Medal
The last Commendation Medal to be created (in 1963) is the Joint Service Commendation Medal. This award is intended for service in joint military organizations and is senior in precedence to the service-specific Commendation Medals. As such, it is worn above the service Commendation Medals on a military uniform. As a joint award, multiple awards are denoted with an oak leaf cluster regardless of service.[4][5]
Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guard
Coast Guard Commendation Medal
Navy & Marine Corps Commendation Medal
After the First World War, the Department of the Navy authorized the Navy Commendation Star as an attachment to the World War I Victory Medal. The star was identical to the Silver Citation Star, but not comparable, as the later recognized heroic combat actions, while the Navy Commendation Star denoted those who had been cited for meritorious achievement by the Secretary of the Navy.
An independent Navy Commendation Ribbon was established in November 1943. On 22 March 1950 a metal pendant (of the same design as the pendant of the Army Commendation Medal) was authorized and the Commendation Ribbon was renamed the Navy Commendation Ribbon with Metal Pendant. This award was re-designated as the Navy Commendation Medal in September 1960, and renamed the Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal in 1994. This decoration was previously awarded only by flag rank operational commanders, requiring the signature of an admiral or general officer in the grade of O-7, allowing interpretation of the criteria for which the medal may be awarded. Authority to award this decoration was later expanded to captains and colonels in the grade of O-6 currently holding operational command as a commodore, carrier air wing commander or commanding officer.
In contrast to the Army and the Air Force, in the U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps, the Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal has historically considered its commendation medal to be a higher level and less frequently awarded decoration. Outside of those instances where it has been awarded for combat action with a Combat V device, it has typically been reserved for Department Head level officers at the O-4 level, senior Navy Chief Petty Officers (CPO) and senior Marine Corps Non-Commissioned Officers (SNCO) at the E-8 and E-9 level as an "end of tour" award in a given command/organization/unit, and, following a full career, as a retirement award for enlisted personnel between pay grades E-6 and E-9. For more junior personnel, it has occasionally been awarded as an "impact award" for a significant contribution of service, to include those instances of combat service where it has included the Combat V device. In contrast, the awarding of the Army Commendation Medal in the U.S. Army and the Air Force Commendation Medal in the U.S. Air Force is not limited to senior service members, and can be awarded to junior NCOs in the grade of E-6 and below (with some recipients as low as E-3) and junior officers in the grade O-3 and below. However, since the early 2000s, the Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal has been observed as being increasingly awarded to junior USN officers in pay grade O-3 as an "end of tour" award in a given command/unit/organization in a manner similar to that employed by the U.S. Army and U.S. Air Force since the late 1960s.
Recipient members of the U.S. Marine Corps have always been issued the Navy's commendation medal and there is not a separate commendation medal intended only for Marines. This lack of difference was recognized on August 19, 1994 when Secretary of the Navy John Howard Dalton changed the name of the Navy Commendation Medal to the Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal.[6]
The U.S. Coast Guard awards a separate Coast Guard Commendation Medal, with a ribbon similar in design to that of its Navy and Marine Corps counterpart. Initially established as the Coast Guard Commendation Ribbon in 1947, it was redesignated as the Coast Guard Commendation Medal in 1959. Criteria for its award has paralleled that of the Navy and Marine Corps.[7]
Military of the United States portal
Awards and decorations of the United States government
Awards and decorations of the United States military
Awards and decorations of the United States Coast Guard
United States military award devices
↑ "Factsheets : Air Force Commendation Medal". af.mil. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ 2.0 2.1 Air Force Instruction 36-2803 The Air Force Military Awards and Decorations Program (PDF). United States Air Force. December 18, 2013. pp. 88–90. Retrieved March 2, 2014. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ 3.0 3.1 "Army Commendation Medal". The Institute of Heraldry. Retrieved March 2, 2014. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ "Joint Service Commendation Medal". The Institute of Heraldry. Retrieved March 2, 2014. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
↑ Joint Service Commendation Medal, US Air Force Personnel Center. Retrieved March 2, 2014.
↑ SECNAVINST 1650.1H 2006 2-31
↑ "Coast Guard Commendation Medal". foxfall.com. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
Foster, Frank C. (2002). A complete guide to all United States military medals, 1939 to present. Fountain Inn, SC: MOA Press. ISBN 1-884-45218-3. OCLC 54755134. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
Kerrigan, Evans E. (1971). American war medals and decorations. New York: Viking Press. ISBN 0-670-12101-0. OCLC 128058. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles> reprinted 1990, ISBN 0-792-45082-5 OCLC 21467942
Robles, Philip K. (1971). United States military medals and ribbons. Rutland, VT: C. E. Tuttle. ISBN 0-804-80048-0. OCLC 199721. <templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
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US Army Institute of Heraldry: Army Commendation Medal
Department of the Army, DoD Army Commendation Medal 578.20
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Discussion in 'Boxing Discussion' started by DanaRed, Jan 3, 2013.
Wouldn't that be awesome or what? Winner get's the key to Garden City, KS. The motherland for these boxers.
Rios would slowly break down, Victor "the quitter" Ortiz.


text:
La Veenendaal-Veenendaal 1992, settima edizione della corsa, si svolse il 27 agosto su un percorso di 208 km, con partenza e arrivo a Veenendaal. Fu vinta dall'olandese Jacques Hanegraaf della squadra Panasonic-Sportlife davanti al belga Hendrik Redant e all'altro olandese Rob Harmeling.

Ordine d'arrivo (Top 10)

Collegamenti esterni

Veenendaal-Veenendaal Classic
Ciclismo nel 1992

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I love wedding photography because it offers the unique potential to preserve some of the most important memories you'll make in your lifetime. At weddings, brides and grooms are surrounded by family and friends – sometimes even those that come from around the country or the world.
It's always a pleasure to be entrusted with the responsibility to make sure that this is all remembered. I love capturing everything – from the details to the most memorable moments.
After all, great photography is all about accurately and effectively capturing great moments.
In Minneapolis, there are tons of beautiful wedding venues and photo destinations to pick from. Longtime destinations like the Van Dusen Mansion have been impressing for years while newer venues like The Hutton House are already wowing brides and grooms.
A wedding venue can have a significant impact on how your photos look. Whether you've picked one or not, I'd love to talk more about how your day is shaping up.
Unlike many wedding photographers, I only offer one package.
The reason I decided to do this is simple – my package includes anything you'd ever need! You're offered 2 wedding photographers, 12 hours of coverage, and more – all for a very accessible price point.
I'm also happy to help you plan out your day and its timeline. Minneapolis offers an incredibly varied number of experiences for weddings, but I'm happy to work with you no matter where you're planning to go.
In my experience shooting weddings, I've learned that the day flies by quickly. Sometimes, everything can seem like such a blur, and there can be so much activity that even great memories are lost in the mix.
My goal is to take a part in preserving these memories. You'll probably always remember bits of your ceremony, your first dance, and the biggest moments, but I'm also there for the little things.
So that I can capture everything, my package offers up to 12 hours of coverage. By doing this, I can ensure that all of my clients have the opportunity to preserve memories from the first preparations to the ceremony and through to the reception.
If you're planning to drive all around Minneapolis in search of the best spots, you may want to plan for a little bit extra time. If your schedule's looking streamlined and fast-moving then you might not even need a full 12 hours – it's your call!
If you're interested in talking more about booking a wedding photographer for your wedding in Minneapolis, let's talk! More information about my packages are available here on my site.
Also, if you're looking for a photographer to travel a little bit outside the Twin Cities, I'm available for that as well! I'd be happy to talk about making travel arrangements that make sense for you and your wedding.


text:
Around South FloridaLocal NewsNews
Elgin Jones— September 12, 2015
CRAB CROSSINGS
The annual land crab migration period in South Florida is underway and countless crabs are being crushed by cars as they cross roadways. Land crabs can lay up to 2.1 million eggs per season. Harvesting the crabs is prohibited from July 1 to Oct. 31. During the remainder of the year, there is a limit of 20 per person and even then, they must be caught by hand using a single dipping net. Bicycle riders should use particular caution because the crabs could cause a spill or punctured tires.
RIDER ARRESTED
Evan Miserendino-Espinoza, 22, of Palm Beach County, was arrested and charged with several traffic related violations, including fleeing. Police determined that he is the masked rider they had been seeking for racing around neighborhoods on a motorcycle and flipping a middle finger at police who tried to pull him over. Miserendino-Espinoza was tracked down by posts he made on social media sites about his antics.
City of Lauderhill has an opening in its police department. Andrew Smalling resigned as chief and City Manager Chuck Faranda appointed Major Constance Stanley as Interim Chief. Smalling will stay on as a consultant with the city until Nov. 3. Stanley is the favorite to land the post permanently.
Grocery Give-A-Way
Wayne Barton, founder of the Wayne Barton Study Center, in conjunction with COX Media Group and the Broward Sheriff's Office, will host a Grocery Give-A-Way, on Saturday, September 12 at Willie Webb Park, 3601 NW 21st Street, Lauderdale Lakes. The event is free and open to everyone. People are urged to bring their own bags, boxes or carts to carry the groceries. For additional information call (954) 535-2835.
Gerardo Soto, 37, of Coconut Creek is facing charges after admitting he beat his 16-year-old son with a cord. Soto said his son was on the phone talking about how he had gotten high and slept all day. Police said there were minor marks from the cord on the teenager's face and ear, but it did draw blood. Soto is charged with battery and child abuse.
The City of Miami has won its appeal of a lower court's dismissal of a lawsuit alleging Bank of America, Wells Fargo and Citigroup steered blacks and Hispanics into higher cost mortgages. The 11th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled the lower court was wrong to dismiss the lawsuits. Miami is suing for what it claims was discrimination in loans involving African-American and Hispanic borrowers, which led to foreclosures. City Manager Daniel J. Alfonso hopes to recoup lost taxes and costs associated with maintaining those properties.
ONE RESIGNS, ONE HIRED
Opa-locka Police Chief Jeffery Key has announced the resignation of Major Peter Cruz, who drove his police truck into the bushes at the Turnberry Resort and Golf Course in Aventura. Police determined he was driving under the influence. In an unrelated event, Opa Locka commissioners also hired Steve Shiver, who previously served as City of Homestead Mayor and Miami-Dade County Manager. Shiver has a controversial history and all eyes will now be on the city.
MAN DEAD
Miami-Dade Police are investigating the death of Alphonso McClain, 85, as a homicide. His body was found inside his apartment at the Covenant Palms complex, on Northwest 84th Street and 25th Avenue. Anyone with information is asked to call Miami-Dade Crime Stoppers at 305-471-8477.
GUARDSMAN INDICTED
U.S. Coast Guardsman Drew Alexander Young, who is stationed in the Florida Keys, has been indicted on child pornography charges. Young, 24, is accused of producing and distributing child pornography involving children under the age of 12. Book'em Danno!
MEMBER RESIGNS
The Florida Keys Aqueduct Authority governs the water utilities in the Florida Keys and is governed by a governor-appointed board. Gov. Rick Scott appointed Melva Wagner to the board, but she has now resigned amid questions about her residency. A number of Monroe County residents have now applied for the appointment vacancy. We will have to see about this residency issue.
Next post '30 pieces of silver' drives black vote
Previous post Film explores roots of blacks' money issues
About the Author Elgin Jones


text:
Choose Edition
Spanish Way of Life
COAST UNDER THREAT
New fears for Spain's shoreline
Amendments planned by the Popular Party government for legislation protecting coastal areas could pave the way for further construction, say environmentalists
Juana Viúdez
Madrid 16 ABR 2013 - 13:59	CEST
An aerial view of the overcrowded coastline in Pedregalejo and El Palo, in Málaga. Julián Rojas
Three of the men responsible for the so-called Coast Law, legislation introduced in 1988 to protect Spain's beaches, say that the amendments the Popular Party government of Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy is drawing up will open the door to building on the few kilometers of Spanish coastline that is still undeveloped. The authors of the current law, created during the Socialist Party administration of Felipe González, warn that an 80-meter strip - equivalent to the length of soccer pitch - will be left unprotected, allowing for the possibility of rezoning large tracts of land close to beaches and shoreline for residential use.
The final decision on developing coastal areas will be left to local councils, with the approval of the regional government. The amendments to the Coast Law, which will now be called the Law for Protection and Sustainable Use of the Coast, have been introduced quietly. Legal experts who have seen the proposals say that the amendments are "ambiguous and open to interpretation," raising many questions about how they would be applied in practice. Without expressly saying as much, the new law could see protected areas reduced from 100 meters to just 20 meters.
The ammendments to the Coast Law have been introduced quietly
At present, properties built on protected areas prior to 1988 are subject to numerous rules and regulations, and their owners cannot make any changes to them. Federico Ramos, Secretary of State for the Environment, says he doesn't know how many properties will be left unprotected.
"There are no figures, but among the 600 municipalities along the coastline the percentage will be a significant one," he says. The Environment Ministry says that Galicia will benefit most from the new legislation, which will be debated by the Senate for two days beginning on April 23. In theory, properties built before 1988, and that have never been approved given that they fail to meet all residential zoning requirements such as paved access, water, sewage and electricity supply, will now be spared.
"Right now it's enough to be able to prove that in 1988 there were buildings on at least a third of the land under consideration," says Ángel Menéndez Rexach, a professor of Administrative Law at Madrid's Autónoma University. Martínez, one of the authors of the 1988 Coast Law, and an authority on the subject, believes the new criteria are "much more permissive" than those in the current regional building legislation, which requires two-thirds of the surface to have been built on before it can be zoned for residential use.
"The legislator is tacitly allowing for a de facto rezoning," says Miriam García, who was responsible for rezoning several areas while she was head of town planning in the regional government of Cantabria between 2002 and 2007.
Properties on the coast of Moaña, Pontevedra, that would become legal under reforms to the Coast Law. Lalo R. Villar
García fears that the Coast Law, supposedly created to protect Spain's coastline, will fail to do so by allowing anybody who wants to regularize their situation to simply request the necessary reports from the Environment Ministry. If after 18 months they have not had confirmation of approval, they will be allowed to assume that as they have not been turned down, they can go ahead and build. "Common sense tells us that no reply means no approval," she says. The Environment Ministry says that the law will only allow homeowners to carry out extensions to their properties, not to build from scratch. It adds that properties built after 1988 will not be regularized. But as previously mentioned, it will be up to local councils to decide on a case-by-case basis.
It's a case of history repeating itself. "A local council can get away with murder. [...] What mayor is going to refuse to recognize building permits from 1988 saying that everything was in order at that time?" asks Rita Rodríguez, a lawyer working for the World Wildlife Fund.
One of the authors of the original Coast Law predicts "chaos" in coastal areas
"We can expect that the new Coast Law will not be too demanding regarding the question of whether properties had access to water, sewage pipes, electricity and a paved road 25 years ago," adds Fernando Palao, another of the authors of the 1988 Coast Law and a former Socialist Party government environment secretary of state. "Not only will they be legalized, but they will also be rewarding those who have played the biggest role in developing illegal communities," he says.
Palao says that that within the 80 meters that lay outside the protection zone, construction will be permitted "in accordance with the local council's zoning plans, and the Coast Law will not be applicable."
José Fernández, a former Environment Ministry official responsible for coastline protection during the Socialist Party era of the 1980s, says that it will be difficult to establish the exact conditions under which properties were built more than two decades ago. He is not optimistic: "Given the way that regional governments have behaved over the last 25 years, and the tolerance they have shown to breaches of the Coast Law, particularly with regard to protected areas, it is easy to see what the outcome will be."
What mayor is going to refuse to recognize building permits from 1988?"
The Environment Ministry estimates that there are around a quarter-of-a-million properties along Spain's coastline that do not meet the necessary legal requirements. This includes properties that have been declared illegal for failing to meet zoning requirements, those in protection areas, and those that impinge on public land.
Fernando Prieto of the Autonomous University of Madrid, who is another of the team responsible for the 1988 Coast Law, predicts "chaos" along Spain's coastal areas as a result of the PP's amendments to the current legislation.
Manuel Marraco, an environmental lawyer, accuses the government of arrogance: "This administration is driving down the freeway in the oncoming lane, and accusing everybody else of going in the wrong direction."
"The Coast Law is an extraterrestrial that comes to Earth every 25 years"
V. Honorato/ L. Ortega
For decades, an attitude to planning permission for property has been used in Galicia - one that has taken precedence over legislation that all too often has been applied hesitantly, and which continues to be the norm to this day in cases where the legality of a project is in doubt. In the local language it is known as " ti vai facendo ," which, roughly translated, means: "Get going with the job." Only if a complaint is filed are any checks likely to be made, and even if problems are discovered, as likely as not the local council will simply impose a fine and then legalize the property.
Moaña, a small town along the coast from the Galician port city of Vigo, is a case in point. There, some 200 homes that contravene the Coast Law are still waiting to be made legal. The community, along with Xilxes in Castellón, is one of 12 that have been granted an amnesty by the PP. This is before the new law has even been discussed in the Senate, and may be subjected to further inclusions, such as the fishing village of Puerto de Aiguadol, close to the Barcelona resort town of Sitges, or others in the Canary Islands.
Moaña underwent chaotic growth in the 1980s and 1990s, sprawling down the hillside from where the original community was based. It is now the subject of legal wrangling between local, regional and central government over where its demarcation begins and ends. To further complicate matters, ugly apartment blocks built in the 1960s and 1970s right on the shoreline have been declared legal, while other properties built further back have not.
One of the former is known as Salitre, a five-story block named after the disco on its ground floor, and which is less than a stone's throw from the water. Maribel, who works in the fishing industry, and is a resident, explains the story.
"We bought the apartment before it was built 34 years ago. We were told that everything was in order," she says. José Gallego is the president of the local residents' association. "The buildings were put up with municipal permits prior to the 1988 legislation," he says, adding that if the building was illegal it should never have been allowed to be finished.
"The Coast Law is like some kind of extraterrestrial that comes down to Earth every 25 years," he says. "I'm not saying that these properties wouldn't have been better located somewhere else, but they didn't exactly go up overnight. When I do some building work near the main road and accidentally knock a bit of fence down, the council is on to it within two days." Gallego adds that when the blocks went up in the immediate post-Franco era, there were no checks or balances. "Somebody came down from Pontevedra with whoever was in charge at the town hall and they did what they liked," he explains.
Salitre's future has not even been guaranteed by the PP's amendment reducing the protection zone to 20 meters: it all-but overhangs the sea. The Popular Party has resolved the issue by excluding the development from the public domain. "This was a political matter and somebody had to sort it out; we're paying the price for the sins of others," says Gallego.
In Castellón, Juana Estellés, a 65-year-old resident of Xilxes, is getting ready to move into her new home on the beachfront. It is one of 96 that this PP-controlled local council wants to exclude from the new Coast Law. These are a series of modest detached properties built between the 1920s and the 1940s that over time have become an architectural feature of the Castellón coastline. For most of the year the area is empty; in summer a few local people move in.
All the properties around Juana Estellés' are closed up, as though waiting to be knocked down, but they will now also be spared, based on the argument that they are not on the edge of the beach. Juan Antonio Montesinos, president of the local residents' association, explains that the police had to be called in when the local council knocked down some of the properties in 1989. "After the demolitions the demarcation zone was moved back," he says. A promenade was then built in front of them, and the owners told that public land would run virtually up to their front doors, thus preventing any further extension of the properties.
But then, during the first Socialist Party administration of José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, between 2004 and 2008, the then-Environment Minister announced that the 96 properties would be pulled down, sparking protests by residents. "I have been battling this for the last seven years. Our houses are, on average, about 110 meters from the sea, and aside from the promenade, breakwaters have been built to further protect the area," says Montesinos. Mario García, head of Castellón's provincial government environment department, says that including Xilxes in the list of amnestied communities is "correcting the mistakes of the past." García says that the provincial government contacted the Environment Ministry to inform it that Xilxes now met all requirements. "They checked this, and that is why the community has been amnestied."
PP government paves way for Coast Law amnesty on Spanish shorelines
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text:
Teachers: more testing, more tracking, more tension
Submitted by Anon on 11 November, 2007 - 8:10 Author: Patrick Yarker
At the turn of the year Labour announced a significant change to school-testing arrangements for students aged 11 and 14. But will the scheme solve the problem of the old tests for students and teachers — stress and demotivation and lessons which are designed to "teach to the test"?
In 2004 pressure from parents and teachers forced alterations to testing-arrangements for seven-year olds, granting primacy to teacher assessment and giving teachers greater say in the timing and content of the National Curriculum (NC) tests their young students would face. The current changes have been implemented on the government's terms.
Under them, students will be "tested when ready" rather than at the end of a Key Stage.
A student will be deemed "ready" when in their teacher's opinion the student's work indicate they have moved from their current NC level to the next-higher level. The government expects all students to move "up" by at least two levelsbetween the ages of 7 and 11 (Key Stage 2) or between 11 and 14 (Key Stage 3).
The Government claims that the new-style tests will be shorter than current SATs, but will still allow students to show they meet the demands of the NC level they are attempting to secure. Ten local authorities have begun to pilot the new system. If the pilots are judged a success, the new arrangements will be applied across English state-schools. Sooner rather than later old-style end-of-Key-Stage SATs will go.
"Testing when ready" might seem an advance on the current increasingly-discredited system of end-of-Key Stage testing. But it will mean more tests more often, with the inevitable consequence of more test-readying, more teaching-to-the-test. Increased use of NC testing within the Key Stage (alongside a host of other data-generating tests) will confirm the subordination of teacher-assessment and strengthen the features of the current assessment-system which serve to reduce students and their manifold complexities as people and learners to numbers, grids and graphs.
WHAT'S WRONG WITH NATIONAL CURRICULUM TESTING?
THE original NC-testing regime, implemented at the beginning of the 1990s and
first revised in the face of a massive teachers' boycott in 1993, has been eroded significantly over the years. "National" testing is a myth. Scotland has its own assessment system, and that in Northern Ireland is different again. Wales diverged from the English set-up in 2004, and the Channel Islands are beginning to go their own way. NC testing is a legal requirement only in England's state schools; a majority of private schools have never involved
themselves in NC testing, nor does the National Curriculum apply to them.
As the yearly round of school-testing has continued, evidence has built up to indicate that the current system generates undue stress and anxiety among students and works to demotivate the lower-attaining. Testing narrows the
education all students receive and involves week after week of going over old ground in preparation for the tests, rather than enabling teachers to engage students with new aspects of the curriculum.
Studies suggest that NC testing works to lower rather than raise educational standards, notwithstanding the initial surge in the proportion of students reaching given NC levels year on year. New Labour made a great deal of
political capital out of this "success", claiming it vindicated their dictatorial National Literacy and Numeracy Strategies, whose intention was
specifically to increase test-scores. But much of this "success" appears now to be down to better test-preparation and increased teaching-to-the-test.
Teachers have felt compelled to replace educationally-beneficial activities with such test-readying partly because test-scores are used by the media to compile "League Tables" of schools. Public perception of primary schools is importantly affected by how their students do in the KS2 tests. "League Tables" (and hence
NC testing) are seen by government as essential in underpinning their agenda of so-called "parental choice", a misnomer since overwhelmingly schools select students through a range of mechanisms and at best parents can express a preference for the school they wish their child to attend.
In this environment ministers welcome the pressure "League Tables" place on schools. Along with NC testing they are supposed to drive up standards. The potential for League Tables based on students' test-performance to
skew the education children receive and narrow the curriculum is recognised internationally. So powerful is it, and so detrimental to good schooling, that some countries (such as Ireland) outlaw the practice of compiling even "unofficial" League Tables of school results.
Here the government routinely rejects any criticism of the current system of League Tables, tests and centralised targets (whereby the minimum percentage of students in each school who will attain at a given NC level is established by the Department for Children, Schools and Families, and schools are required
to do what is necessary to meet that target.) The system has delivered political gains for New Labour across most of the last ten years.
Ministers point to large percentage rises in the proportion of students attaining at given levels in Reading or Maths test. However, increases in student test-attainment now seem to have stalled, with around a fifth of
eleven-year-olds over the past two years falling short of the level the government wants them to reach. This can be presented in the media as a
failure of government policy. This lies behind the government's motive for changing the current system and attempting to focus attention not on the yearly cohort as a whole but on the "progress" of individual students "up" the
NC levels.
THE "PERSONALISED LEARNING" MYTH
"TESTING when ready" meshes with talk about "personalised learning", spun as enabling teachers to suit the curriculum to the needs of the individual student. In reality this personalised learning will use a variety of tests to push the student into pre-determined categories ("gifted and talented", "under-achieving" etc) and construct for the student their "appropriate" trajectory through the system. (Government policy documents actually speak of "the right trajectory"
for a student, as if their future learning and development were predictable on the basis of past performance in tests.)
Testing in this context is claimed to be benignly diagnostic. It will reveal student-needs and ensure that the student is on-track. You might think that this was the teacher's job, and moreover something teachers were well-placed to do since they spend the most time in sustained contact with students. But government sees teaching as mere delivery, and pays lip-service to notions of teacher-assessment while continuing to undermine it.
Policy documents require that teacher-assessment be both capable of firm translation into NC levels and directly linked to pre-stated teaching-objectives. Genuine teacher-assessment on the other hand is likely to be a less hard-edged, more complex and nuanced process, rendering a more rounded and thorough, though always provisional, account of student capabilities.
NC testing is designed to present students in accordance with predetermined norms. It makes use of the apparently "objective" nature of numerical data to give a version of the student which cannot be authoritatively countered and
is regarded as summative. Students will be pigeon-holed for their school career. It seems to me unsurprising that many students feel alienated from an education-system which persists in one-sidedly telling them in no uncertain
terms exactly what they are.
The re-constituted NC testing arrangements are also likely to refine and embed the hierarchising effects of NC testing. These work to label students by so-called "ability". More tests more often will reinforce not only the current
widespread practice of grouping students into so-called "ability" sets, but boost calls from the Tories to return to a thorough-going "streamed" system.
The new arrangements may help underpin the "rationing" of educational opportunities, whereby scarce resources (such as teachertime) are directed towards students who are perceived to be around the borderline of important
benchmark-levels. These students are deemed to be "worth" more than others because their performance is seen as critically affecting a school's League Table position.
AGAINST TESTING
OPPOSITION to NC testing has been stymied within the teaching-profession
since the failure of the NUT's attempted boycott in 2003. Academic criticism, however, continues. The current Primary Review, directed by Professor Robin Alexander, is the most wideranging and in-depth investigation into Primary
Schools since the ground-breaking Plowden Report of forty years ago. More than thirty interim reports are to be published ahead of the final Report, and the first of these have begun to appear. Some of these papers re-state powerful
evidence criticising NC testing. For example, they point to the persistent wide gap between high and low-attaining students, a problem known for several decades and left unremedied by New Labour's policy of tests, targets and League Tables. Further evidence of test-induced stress (some of it reported by children's
charities) has been brought to light, and the government's version of what constitutes "standards" in schools again shown to be damagingly narrow.
Right-wing media elements have picked up on some of these criticisms and used them to peddle a mendacious version of contemporary primary schooling, in which students continue to be failed by "incapable" teachers and government half-heartedness. The Sun even claimed that because one in five children did
not secure a level 4 in their KS2 Reading SAT in 2007, this means that a fifth of children are leaving Primary School unable to read!
In fact, 93% of eleven-year olds attain at Level 3 on their NC Reading test this year, indicating that they can read at least in line with expectations for nine-year olds. What some students "failed" to show in their NC test was
the ability to read for inference and deduction.
But that doesn't mean they might not be able to do this in other contexts.
Those disseminating the materials from the Primary Review will need to continue to make clear that primary schools are doing well by their students in a range of ways, and could do even better if government paid heed to the range of criticisms and alternatives being put forward.
The Primary Review won't conclude for another year, but already it is producing material which re-affirms the way New Labour, building on Tory ideas, has done harm at great expense to the education of school-students.
Teachers continue to suffer under policy-diktats and the drive by DCSF to micro-manage classrooms. The left has been slow, in my view, to generate
and sustain an adequately integrated and compelling alternative discourse around the purposes and means of (primary/secondary) education. While important campaigning has continued in opposition to academies and trust schools, for example, and in support of Teaching Assistants as they struggle for decent
pay and conditions, we have found it difficult to renew and then consolidate our version of what education is for and how it should be put into practice.
There is an urgent need to renew our challenge to the currently-dominant discourse in (school) education. This entails re-thinking for example notions of "ability" and "differentiation", for even a commitment to "mixed-ability"
teaching can conceal a view of students as basically and unchangeably either bright or average or "less able".
We need also to understand the debate around "assessment for learning" and its implications for how students involve themselves in their own learning, and intervene with our own more radical and emancipatory vision of democratic
education. Almost twenty years on from the implementation of the National Curriculum we ought also to be arguing for giving curriculum development
back to teachers, and re-asserting the view that teaching is not just a set of skills and competencies. There are doubtless many other areas where the left can and should be making more of the running.
The Primary Review continues. Its reports and evidence are available online. The
Review's director has invited contributions. Comrades, especially those with children attending primary school, should add their views, and encourage their children to do the same.
• www.primaryreview.org.uk
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The United States is a country ripe with pride and tradition. The same is true for each of the individual states. Each state has its own culture and history and because of that, each state has its own official symbols. This infographic from HomeAdvisor details and introduces the official symbols of each of the fifty states such as the official plants, animals, birds, trees, they've claimed as their own.