When evaluating your financial situation and determining the right mortgage for you, there are a variety of factors. Down payment amount. Length of the loan. Origination fees. Interest rates. While the first three are usually pretty straightforward, your interest rate is something that can be difficult to get a handle on and has a long term impact on your loan.
If it's been a while since your 11th grade economics class, we've put together a little crash course on interest rates. Originally developed to ensure stable prices and liquidity for the economy – making sure that the money supply is neither too large or too small – interest rates determine how much you'll pay each month as well as the total payments over the life of your loan.
Mortgage rates are determined by the market – similar to stocks and bonds. When you agree to your loan, your lender most likely turns around and sells that loan on a secondary market. The most common buyers of mortgage loans (or mortgage-based securities, as they're called), are Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. So, mortgage rates are determined on this secondary market – where mortgages are bought and sold.
When your lender sells your mortgage, that allows them to get their money back quickly and with a profit so that they can continue lending money to clients like you.
Investors in this secondary market collectively determine the interest rates. The more demand for mortgage-based securities, the more investors will pay for them, and the lower the interest rate will be for you, the consumer.
Like a traditional stock market, interest rates are constantly changing. It can be difficult and time consuming to track all of the dips and spikes that interest rates take during the course of the day. To add a bit of stability, loan officers typically receive a rate sheet every morning that contains pricing for that day. Those rate sheets are usually determined by individual banks.
This means, you may see slight variations between banks and lenders – even if you talk to them on the same day.
The volatility of interest rates highlight the importance of getting a rate lock as soon as you're serious about moving forward with a lender. A rate lock is essentially a commitment between you and your lender that you both agree to the rate offered. Usually good for 30 days, rate locks allow you to take advantage of a lower interest rate, even if the market spikes soon after your agreement.
What factors control interest rates?
There are several factors that lead to interest rate changes and most are related to the attractiveness of mortgage-based securities on the secondary market. As mentioned, the more demand, the lower the interest rates. Therefore, interest rates tend to fall when U.S. stocks are falling, foreign markets are struggling, and unemployment is rising. These factors all make the fairly conservative mortgage-based securities an attractive investment.
Alternatively, interest rates are prone to rise along with stock prices and in the event that inflation is expected to speed up.
What is considered a good interest rate?
Your particular mortgage type, credit score, and planned down payment will all affect the rate you'll be able to lock in. Those factors make it difficult to generalize across the industry. A good score for you may be a GREAT score for someone else but higher than expected for yet another borrower.
However, according to the Freddie Mac Primary Mortgage Survey, the average rate for a 30-year mortgage in 2017 was 3.94%. In general, anything above 5% is considered very high while rates below 3% are considered very low.
So, you've signed a contract, completed the inspections, sent what seems like a million forms and documents to your lender and are finally closing on your new home! This is such an exciting time whether you've been house hunting for a month or a year. You have boxes packed, furniture ordered, and are ready to move in.
There's just one last box to check off your list. Closing Day is the meeting in which the seller is asked to provide a clear title to the property and the buyer provides the funds needed to close the sale.
In order to make the transition as smooth as possible, it's important to know what to expect and how to prepare for your closing.
While it can vary in different parts of the country, typically the closing meeting is attended by the seller of the home and their real estate agent, a title company representative, an attorney, the buyer, a representative from the lender, and a closing agent. In most cases, you've likely been in contact with most of the people in the room at some point during the process.
While it seems like a long list of attendees, the closing agent leads the meeting and is responsible for making sure that all necessary documents are signed and payments are distributed appropriately.
The closing agent is also there to answer any questions that you may have as you go through the process. They are experts in these types of meetings and a valuable resource – especially to first time homebuyers.
The final steps of the home purchase process actually begin a day or two before your scheduled closing. The buyer has the opportunity to perform a final walk-through of the home 24 hours before closing. At this point, it's important to ensure that the home is in the condition listed in the agreement – that there are no final repairs or damages necessary to note.
Prior to closing, it's also important to print and prepare all documents needed at the meeting. While the closing agent will have copies ready, we always recommend bringing your own copies to ensure that everything is as agreed. This also provides a great opportunity to review your documents before closing.
One of the most important documents to review is the Settlement Statement. You'll receive this document a few days before closing and it will include the sales commission, loan origination fee, loan discount points, appraisal fees, credit report fee, assumption fee, any prepaid interest, mortgage insurance premium, first year's homeowner's insurance premium, and the mortgage insurance escrow account. Whew! Basically, this document outlines all of the financial aspects of the agreement.
Finally, pre-closing, you'll want to prepare and bring a cashier's check to deliver payment for closing costs and your down payment.
On the day of your final closing, the meeting typically occurs at an attorney's office – depending on your area of the company. Alternatively, you may meet at your closing agent's office, mortgage company, or even at the home.
If you've prepared ahead of time, your closing meeting will likely move smoothly but it's still recommended to block off a few hours of time. Most often, closing takes an hour or two, but you don't want to rush through the process. Depending on the complexity, some closing meetings can take several hours.
When you get to the closing table, be prepared to review and sign between 50-100 pages of paperwork. The closing agent will walk you through signing the settlement statement, mortgage note, deed of trust, title forms, tax forms, affidavits, and a variety of disclosures.
It's important to take your time as you're signing and ask questions when the arise!
Often, once the closing meeting concludes, you'll receive a key to your new home and be able to begin the moving process! Occasionally, if you've agreed to a delayed transition, it could be 30 days or longer before you take possession of your new home.
The deed is mailed to the buyer from the recorder's office once they've made note of the change.
While the process can be intimidating, the more prepared you are, the smoother it will go.
Fixed vs. Adjustable Rate Mortgages: How to Choose?
The mortgage process can be intimidating! There are different types of loans, different structures, and terms that can can have long term financial implications. In this situation, information is power. Understanding your options and how they affect you is the key to making a smart decision that will set you up for success. One of the first decisions to make is the structure of your loan.
A Fixed Rate Mortgage is an agreement to make payments at a certain interest rate for the entire life of the loan.
An Adjustable Rate Mortgage often offers a lower introductory rate that can be raised by your lender after a set period of time.
Fixed Rate Mortgages are by far the most common in today's real estate market. As the name suggests, the rates and payments remain constant and don't depend on the fluctuations of the broader economy.
The advantages of Fixed Rate Mortgages are centered around that stability. A consistent payment structure allows homeowners to manage their money with more predictability because their payments don't change. For people who like being able to budget for long term purchases, a Fixed Rate Mortgage may be a great option. They are also a good fit for first-time home buyers who may be overwhelmed by the complexity of other types of mortgages.
While Fixed Rate Mortgages work well for most, there are some disadvantages associated with them. In some cases, they are more expensive in the short term because there is no initial payment and rate break. They are also nearly identical for every borrower, so there's not a lot of customization options. For many, the biggest disadvantage of a Fixed Rate Mortgage is the inability to take advantage of lower rates without refinancing.
A lesser-used option, the Adjustable Rate Mortgage, accounts for just 2% – 9% of all loans today. However, they are worth investigating as they have experienced a recent increase in popularity as fixed mortgage rates rise.
Adjustable Rate Mortgages offer advantages to homebuyers who are looking to extend their purchasing power with a low introductory interest rate. Because lenders can use the lower payment when qualifying borrowers, people can buy larger homes than they otherwise might. ARMs also enable borrowers to capitalize on falling rates without the hassle of refinancing. In the case of decreased interest rates in the market, ARMs automatically adjust to the lower payments. Essentially, they offer great options for borrowers who don't plan on staying in their house forever to capitalize on lower payments.
As you may expect, Adjustable Rate Mortgages have some disadvantages associated with their volatility. While the initial rate may be low, payments can rise significantly over the life of the loan. This is where some borrowers can get in trouble as rates can skyrocket from year to year. Many ARMs feature lifetime caps and other security measures to limit volatility, but it's important to understand their terms to truly identify how they affect the value of the loan. Those complexities are the biggest disadvantage of an Adjustable Rate Mortgage – they can be extremely difficult to understand.
While both types of loans offer different advantages and disadvantages, the key to determining which is right for you depends on a few factors. First, ask yourself how long you plan on staying in your home. If you're going to be living in the house only a few years, it may make sense to get a low-rate ARM to allow you to save money on your payments. If you plan to move before the adjustable rate period begins, this would enable you to save money for a bigger house down the road.
To that point, another factor to consider is how frequently the ARM adjusts. This can vary from yearly to monthly and is key to evaluating the financial impact of your loan on your budget.
Ultimately, understanding how much volatility you can manage will determine which loan option is best for you!
We're currently in a period of record home price growth. For nearly 2 years, home prices have climbed consistently and the first part of 2017 tracked some of the largest gains in over 5 years. Prices will continue to rise as we turn the page into 2018 as a result of low interest rates, low unemployment, and continued economic growth. The good news for those looking to purchase in 2018 is that the rate of that growth will begin to slow.
As price growth slows, sales will follow suit – but not for long. The new tax bill has several provisions that directly impact housing – property tax deductions, mortgage interest changes, and general uncertainty regarding the financial impact of the bill will cause a short slow down in sales. As people are evaluating the effects of the new tax plan on their own personal budgets and the value of their homes, it might cause some hesitation to make any decisions in regards to housing. The slowdown likely won't last long due to pent up demand and following the recent market growth.
Continuing the trend from 2017, a decline in housing inventory will characterize 2018. Based on statistics from Zillow, we experienced a 10.5% decline in housing inventory over 12 months ending in November. The struggle for inventory is a result of several factors. Due to the state of the market, older homeowners are declining to sell their homes and choosing to retire in their existing homes instead. With the growth of the short term rental industry, investors are making too much as landlords to sell. There is some hope for home buyers in 2018, however.
Mortgage rates will hover around 4%.
While this is a bit higher than the rates of the previous year, most experts are predicting that mortgage rates will reach between 4% and 4.5% by the end of 2018. The expectation of rising rates combined with increased home prices means that buyers should act fast.
As home values increase, current homeowners have options with what to do with their increased equity. Homeowners looking to remodel or make home improvements, consolidate debt or otherwise cash-out on their home equity can do so more easily than the past few years. According to Freddie Mac, $15 billion was cashed out in the 2nd quarter of 2017 and that trend will likely continue to increase along with home prices.
Choosing to purchase or refinance your home is a huge decision filled with boatloads of uncertainty. While the process can be very confusing, one of the best tools you can use to gain a better understanding is an interest rate calculator. Interest rate calculators are ideal for helping you figure out the real interest rate of your mortgage with a fixed monthly payment and fixed term. Simply put, interest rate calculators are designed to take the guesswork out of your mortgage payments and can even be used to help you save money. Continue reading to learn more about using interest rate calculators. .
When it comes to purchasing a home, a mortgage interest rate calculator will help you calculate your home loan payments. You can access an amortization table to see how much of each payment goes to the principle and how much goes to interest. This information is vital because the first half of your mortgage payments will be mainly attributed to paying interest. Over time, the portion of the payment that goes to the interest decreases and the amount that goes to the principle increases. In any case, an interest rate calculator will help you be more informed, and a more informed consumer saves money. .
One of the most cost effective tools for paying your mortgage down is to make split payments. If you use a mortgage interest rate calculator, you will see the savings from paying split mortgage payments. Instead of making one monthly mortgage payment, pay half of the mortgage every two weeks. This practice will result in an extra mortgage payment every year without ever missing the additional cash flow. Best of all, you will notice the obvious positive cash flow when you pay the mortgage off early. Check out this effect with an mortgage interest rate calculator.
In addition to split payments, you can also get ahead on your mortgage with additional payments. Making additional payments is an excellent way to minimize the long-term costs of a mortgage. When you use the mortgage calculator to determine the amount you will pay over the entire life of the loan if you pay the mortgage as scheduled, you may end up paying up to three times the original cost of the property. In any case, an $100 additional payment leads to over $100 in savings on the mortgage, which is the multiplier effect. Simply use the mortgage calculator to realize how much you can save by making additional payments.
If you are on the fence about whether you should refinance or take out a home equity loan, this calculator can be a valuable tool that will save you thousands of dollars. For instance, many people choose to refinance their home when the interest rates drop so they can take advantage of the lower interest rate, which typically means lower payments. However, just because the interest rate drops doesn't mean the collective mortgage refinance will be a more financially sound decision because you must consider the effect of the closing costs. An interest rate calculator would provide you with a clear and more precise financial snapshot of how much you would potentially save as a result of that lower interest rate. Then you could make an educated decision of whether the savings from the interest rate would justify paying closing costs.
Manufactured home loans are one way to grow your wealth through finally become a home owner. You can purchase or refinance a manufactured home, its land or both in a similar way to how you would do so with a traditional home. It is important to remember that despite the similarities, both the types of homes themselves and the manufactured home loans used to finance them are different from traditional homes.
One of the major differences between manufactured home loans and those for most types of houses is that a manufactured home may not be used as a rental property under regulations. This rule prevents the loans from being abused by unscrupulous landlords who would finance massive numbers of manufactured homes and defer maintenance until they became squalid. Your owner occupancy is required due to the increased risk that the lender takes on, as manufactured homes tend not to wear as well as traditionally built homes do.
The Federal Housing Administration has a requirement known as Title I, which declares that lenders approved by the FHA make loans from company funds to borrowers who are eligible for these loans. Lending criteria are reasonably standard across lenders, with the ability to repay the loan and general financial past being major contributing factors to whether the lender will issue the loan in question. By definition, Title I loans are neither grants nor government loans, but are private in nature.
Title I ensures that the loan issued will be a fixed rate loan of up to 20 years. The fixed rate requirement is necessary to ensure fairness on the lender's part and protect less financially savvy borrowers. For manufactured homes with multiple sections, the maximum term of the loan becomes 25 years, while for the lot that the home sits upon the maximum loan term is 15 years. The guarantees on the lender's side are matched by the guarantee on the borrower's side.
The federal government encourages home ownership, even among borrowers who may be less capable of supporting a long-term mortgage. Because of this, under Title I the FHA ensures many manufactured home loans against the possibility of a borrower default. If the borrower becomes unable to make their monthly payments at some point, the lender will be made whole on the amount borrowed. This facilitates a lower interest rate that many borrowers find considerably easier to afford than they would most other types of loans, including traditional mortgages. This is also beneficial for borrowers with blemishes on their credit record, as they can borrow at a level that they may not be able to otherwise.
A manufactured home loan carries a hot of requirements. Structurally, the home must be at least 400 square feet in size. This eliminates many of the smaller and higher risk homes. As well, the manufactured home must be permanently affixed to a foundation that is approved of by the Department of Housing and Urban Development. The manufactured home must be titled as real estate under the local government instead of as personal property.
Under most circumstances, in order to finance or refinance your manufactured home, you must also own the land under the home. However, in a manufactured home community you may get past this regulation through having the required foundation. In this way, you may lease the land while still owning the home and finance it as you normally would.
Financing your manufactured home is a good way to home ownership. Follow the requirements, and you can secure a favorable interest rate.
When you search for a new home, there are many considerations to take in. From both a financial and emotional perspective, this is a large change in your life. Whether you have been a home owner before or have always rented previously, it can be challenging to produce the necessary down payment to acquire a traditional mortgage. Since a down payment is very useful, down payment assistance may be what you need.
Naturally, your home is a place to live first. However, in some cases it can be helpful to look at your home as an investment. When you think of your home as an investment, the amount of your own money you put into its purchase should be as low as possible. Consider that getting a great deal is one of the reasons why great investors can pocket large returns. By putting in less of your own money, you can receive a nicer home and keep more of your money for other purposes.
The value you receive from your home comes down to enjoyment and monetary reward. By being able to afford a nicer home, you can raise your family in a nicer area and potentially reap financial benefits down the road from greater appreciation. This appreciation can grow your wealth over time, and can even allow you to upgrade where you live later.
Qualifying for down payment assistance works differently depending on what kind of loan you get, as well as what agency you choose to work with. In some cases, your qualification may be automatic based on your status as a veteran. In other cases, you may have to have a certain income or track record.
HomePath is a service offered by Fannie Mae, and is very popular as a down payment assistance vehicle. One advantage that HomePath offers is that your new home does not need an appraisal prior to acquiring the loan, and neither do you need to pay private mortgage insurance. In this instance, your down payment is only three percent of the loan amount instead of the traditional twenty percent. For a $150,000 home, this allows you to put $4,500 down versus putting down $30,000. Depending on your saving rate, this can allow you to be a home owner years earlier than you otherwise could.
The Federal Housing Administration provides down payment assistance through a separate program called HUD, or the Department of Housing and Urban Development. Since the federal government ensures these loans, they are at a lower than average interest rate and sometimes the down payment is minimal, which is a good way to get into a nice home if your credit is less than ideal.
The American Dream Down Payment Assistance Initiative or ADDI allows you to purchase a new home if you are financially disadvantaged. If you have not owned a house for at least three years and qualify as low income, you can use ADDI to qualify for down payment assistance and for a low interest mortgage for your single family home. This can allow you to begin climbing the property ladder from where you are.
Veterans, their widowed spouses and active duty military personnel can receive a Veterans Affairs loan that the federal government guarantees. This is a low interest loan that can also include assistance with your down payment if you qualify. In some cases, the amount of the loan can cover the entire cost of your home, making closing costs most of your required money out of pocket.
How Does a Mortgage Payment Calculator Work?
If you are planning to buy a home, you will need to take out a mortgage. You will be very excited about submitting your application to the lender and getting it approved. However, before you do this, have you taken a few minutes to calculate whether you can afford a mortgage? Well, if you haven't, it is time to put on your thinking cap and start using a mortgage payment calculator.
Why are Mortgage Payment Calculators a Necessity?
Most people end up taking a mortgage without realizing the long-term implications of this debt. A health emergency or job loss can prove to be a disaster for you and your newly acquired home. A mortgage payment calculator lets you check out a range of scenarios, though the most common use of the calculator is determining monthly payments. Nonetheless, with an online payment calculator designed for mortgages, you can even find out the details of an unknown variable of your long-term loan, that is if you know the other three variables.
Of course, it is important to understand a mortgage payment calculator just gives you an approximate amount, but it definitely puts things in a clearer perspective and allows you to weigh the impact of the mortgage. This also is the tool to use if you intend to refinance your mortgage for a lower interest rate or shorter duration.
To realize such a mortgage payment calculator's true potential, you should know how to use it effectively.
Some mortgage payment calculators may also show you a comparison between bimonthly and monthly payments to show your liabilities and the mortgage pay off date along with the interest payment. This allows you to see the amount you can afford and save, depending on which repayment option you choose.
A mortgage payment calculator lets you figure out whether you can afford the monthly payments. Remember, even if you think you can handle a large mortgage, never let your total debt exceed 50 percent of your income. Your home should improve your quality of life and not turn into an unbearable burden. So, use the calculator and turn into a prudent borrower and homeowner.
The equity in your home can be used for a wide array of uses, such as helping to pay for a kid's college, adding a room onto the house, paying medical bills, or just for an additional source of funds. In most cases, the equity in your home is one of the cheapest sources of funds you have. As a result, several people use home equity lending products and home refinances to cash in on this equity. Continue reading to learn more home equity lending products and home refinancing options.
A home equity loan is essentially a loan based exclusively on the equity in your home. Similar to a second mortgage on your home, these loans have fixed interest and principal payments every month. Home equity loans are disbursed as a lump sum based on a percentage of the equity you have in your home.
A home equity line of credit (HELOC) works similar to a credit card and allows you to withdraw money based on a percentage of the equity in your home. This lending product allows you to use funds, pay it back, and use the funds again during a specified period. While home equity loans have fixed interest rates, HELOCs have variable interests rates.
While home equity loans are designed to give a loan on the equity in your home, a home refinance allows you to refinance the entire mortgage. In most cases, refinancing your home is the better option if you need to borrow large amounts of money. At the same time, refinance rates are typically lower than home equity rates for larger amounts. When you refinance your home, you can also choose a longer payment period, such as 25 or 30 years. These longer terms may allow you to keep the payments lower and well within your budget.
The amount of time you plan on staying in the home.
If you have built up a significant amount of equity in your home, home refinancing may be the best way to go. Other reasons people choose to refinance is to switch from an adjustable rate mortgage (ARM) to a fixed rate loan or to simply take advantage of lower interest rates. On the other hand, home equity loans are best for those who are looking for a smaller loan for specific purposes. At the same time, if your initial mortgage has incredibly low interest rates, choosing a home equity lending product will allow you to still access the equity in your home without losing those favorable terms. If you choose to refinance, you will lose those favorable interest rates on your initial loan.
Owning your own home is perhaps the ultimate dream, but having a mortgage hanging over your head like the Sword of Damocles for 30 long years can be daunting. If you take a mortgage in your 30s, you won't pay it off until you are in your 60s, if you go by the mortgage amortization schedule. The good news is you don't have to wait for 30 years to clear your mortgage. There are numerous ways to hasten the repayment clock.
Here are some ways to accelerate your mortgage amortization schedule, so that you can pay off your mortgage early.
Mortgage refinance is one of the best available options to pay off your home loan. While a 30-year loan period is the norm, today, many loan institutions offer shorter loan terms. Yes, your monthly payment will increase, but it will help amortize your home loan quicker because a bigger portion of your monthly payment will go towards repayment of the principal rather than the interest. So, you will reduce the principal and interest simultaneously. Also, remember when you refinance, you usually end up with a lower interest rate.
While refinancing your mortgage is the quickest way to accelerate your mortgage amortization schedule, you may not want to do this because of the closing costs and other factors, such as the possibility of losing your job. Furthermore, if you have just a few years remaining in your mortgage term, it doesn't make financial sense to refinance the loan. In such a case, you can make sizeable extra payments to close the loan quickly. It will still take a few years, but this will be shorter than your actual loan term.
If you want to retain the loan term, you can do it. But if you want to pay off your mortgage quicker, it is best to refinance your 30-year mortgage with a lower interest rate. This option is perfect for people who can't afford higher monthly payments that come with reduced loan term. However, to avail a lower interest rate on your existing mortgage, you should have a low debt to income ratio and strong credit standing. If you qualify, speak to your lending institution to get your interest rate reduced. Alternatively, you can check with other lending institutions to see they can offer a more competitive interest rate than your existing lender. Remember, while refinancing with a lower interest rate will reduce your monthly payments and you will save money on interest payments over the term of the loan, it will not help you repay your mortgage quicker.
Your mortgage amortization schedule lists monthly payments. However, you can accelerate the schedule by making payments every 15 days instead of once a month. If your monthly mortgage payment is $1000, you break it into two payments of $500 each every two weeks. When you use this method of repayment, you will be making 26 fortnightly payments annually. This means you will be making an extra month's payment on your mortgage without feeling the pinch. This extra payment will help to reduce the loan term over a period of time.
Use these tips to pay off your mortgage early and make your mortgage amortization plan more attractive. They help you save money and get out of debt quicker, making it a worthwhile endeavor.
Applying for VA loans can be the difference between having to rent a home for far longer and being able to own much earlier. If you have been in the military or are currently active, using the Department of Veterans Affairs to aide you in acquiring a loan can be very useful in achieving home ownership. However, there is a process to go through for VA loans.
As active duty military or a veteran, you qualify for several things through the VA. You are able to finance a home in an area where there is a shortage of credit, such as in a more rural area, for up to 103.3 percent of the home's value or its sale price, based on the lower of the two figures. You will not need private mortgage insurance for this. You may qualify for a 20 percent second mortgage. You also have access to up to $6,000 to improve the overall energy efficiency of the home you purchase. The benefits are great, if you are willing to go through the process.
You need to have a real estate agent to help with the purchase process. Then you need to begin shopping around for a lender that offers VA loans. Since each lender has their own rules for pre-qualification, interest rate, closing points and discount points, seek out as many potential lenders as you can to get the best possible deal. In some cases, one lender may offer you a larger potential loan than another lender does because of differing requirements between them.
The general rule is that to be eligible, you must be active duty for at least 90 consecutive days, or have a total of 6 years as a reservist, or have 24 months of active duty as a retiree or before being honorably discharged, or have been discharged due to reduction-in-force or due to a service-connected disability. Even if you have used VA loans before, you may be able to restore this entitlement through transfer or through paying off your loan in full. Once you have satisfied your requirements, you can receive your COE or Certificate of Eligibility to verify to the lender that you meet the necessary requirements.
With your real estate professional's help, find the home you want and put together your letter of intent. Once the seller accepts it and the terms you develop during the negotiation, present your contract. It needs to have a VA Option Clause, which will establish that the Department of Veterans Affairs can de facto cancel the contract by deciding that the property's value is inconsistent with the loan due to being improperly valued or too expensive. With this Clause, you can cancel the contract without forfeiting earnest money and without other penalties.
A VA loan is like any other kind of loan in that you need check stubs, bank statements and other documents. Apply with your chosen lender, and then begin the waiting process while the VA and your lender simultaneously appraise the property and determine whether you are financially sound enough based on their standards to receive the loan.
At this point, all that remains once you receive your acceptance is to close on the property. The lender will choose a representative of theirs such as an attorney or title company, and you will close as is the norm. The process can take several months, but the reward will be through living in your new home.
Jumbo loans are extremely large loans, typically exceeding $417,000. They are very common in states such as California and New York where pricey real estate is the norm. They tend to be for larger single-family homes, although people also use them to buy condominiums. Many lenders designate them only for primary homes, but other lenders allow them for investment properties, second homes or vacation homes. If you're thinking about applying for a jumbo loan, there are a few things to know first.
Many people who live in areas such as Irvine, California, have no choice but to go jumbo. Otherwise, they'd probably have to use up all of their savings to purchase a home.
You can avoid multiple loans in favor of one large loan. One monthly payment, one lender, far fewer headaches.
You're comfortable with the risk that goes along with adjustable-rate loans; fixed rates don't happen often with jumbo mortgages. You can also refinance a jumbo loan to get lower interest rates.
They're good for tax deductions; you can deduct the interest on loans up to $1 million.
In some cases, it's possible to qualify for a $1 million-plus jumbo mortgage with as little as 10 percent down, especially if your debt-to-income ratio is low. The tradeoff is a higher interest rate.
Some lenders offer reamortization, meaning that as you pay down your loan, your monthly payments get recalculated. It's an incentive to use bonus income toward your loan.
Payments are hefty due to high interest rates and the added risk. Jumbo loans don't carry private mortgage insurance, which otherwise gives lenders security. Ideally, your monthly debts would not exceed 38 percent of your pretax income, although some lenders push the debt-to-income ratio to as high as 43 percent. If your debt is higher than that, some lenders will still work with you.
Qualifying for jumbo loans is harder than for traditional loans. You must document a good credit score, usually no lower than 700, sufficient income, liquidity and plenty of assets. Often, you need to put down at least 20 percent of the purchase price for your down payment, or if you're refinancing, to have at least 20 percent equity in the home.
The risk involved is significant. If the value of your property falls, you stand to take a hit in equity. Refinancing becomes harder, and if you sell your property, you might do so at a loss.
You'll need to prove ability to repay the loans. If you're self-employed, lenders typically ask to see the past two years' worth of tax returns and your two most recent bank statements. However, lenders do offer some flexibility. For instance, say you've worked in a certain field for 20 years and a year ago, you opened a business in that field. Instead of requiring two years of self-employment tax statements, a lender might be okay with only one year of returns as long as you show stability and growth for the business. In most cases, you'll have to show sufficient liquidity equaling at least six months to a year's worth of monthly payments.
If you hold down a traditional job, a lender wants to see your pay stubs from at least the past 30 days and your W2s for the past two years.
As you see, jumbo loans require careful consideration. Before you apply, make sure your income and debts are in the right place and that you understand the risks.


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/**
 * A web socket server which supports features defined in RFC 6455
 */
use Symfony\Component\Finder\Tests\FakeAdapter\FailingAdapter;
use TYPO3\Flow\Http\Headers;
use TYPO3\Flow\Http\Request;
use TYPO3\Flow\Http\Response;
use TYPO3\Flow\Http\Uri;
use TYPO3\Flow\Annotations as Flow;

class WebSocketServer extends Server {

	/**
	 * @see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455#section-1.3
	 * @const string
	 */
	const HANDSHAKE_GUID = '258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11';

	/**
	 * @Flow\Inject
	 * @var \TYPO3\Flow\Log\SystemLoggerInterface
	 */
	protected $logger;

	/**
	 * Handles the initiation of a new connection by creating a new Connection
	 * object and sending it through a "connection" event.
	 *
	 * @param resource $socketStream Stream of the socket which just connected
	 * @return void
	 */
	public function handleConnection($socketStream) {
		stream_set_blocking($socketStream, 0);
		$connection = new Connection($socketStream, $this->loop);
		$connection->once('data', function ($data) use ($connection) {
			try {
				$request = self::createRequestFromRaw($data);
				$this->handshake($connection, $request);
			} catch(\Exception $exception) {
				$this->logger->log(sprintf('Failed to connect %s. Exception: %s',$connection->getRemoteAddress(),$exception->getMessage()), LOG_ERR);
				$this->emit('endconnection', $connection);
			}
		});
		$this->emit('connection', $connection);
	}

	/**
	 * Do the handshaking between client and server
	 *
	 * @param Connection $connection The connection to use for the handshake
	 * @param \TYPO3\Flow\Http\Request $request The HTTP request received from the client
	 * @return boolean
	 */
	protected function handshake(Connection $connection, Request $request) {

		// serverside request is handled differently
		if ($request->hasHeader('Server-Side-Command')) {

			if ($connection->getRemoteAddress() != '127.0.0.1') {
				$this->logger->log('WebSocket handshake failed: Server-Side-Command is only availeble for localhost', LOG_INFO);

				// end connection
				$this->emit('endconnection', $connection);
				return FALSE;

			} else {

				$this->logger->log('Server WebSocket handshake was successful', LOG_DEBUG);

				$this->emit('connected', $connection);

				// if content available treat this as normal send data
				if ($request->getContent()) {
					$connection->emit('data', $request->getContent(), $connection);
				}
				return TRUE;
			}
		}

		if (!$request->hasHeader('Sec-WebSocket-Version')) {
			$this->logger->log('WebSocket handshake failed: the client does not support WebSocket', LOG_INFO);
			$this->emit('endconnection', $connection);
			return FALSE;
		}

		$version = (integer)$request->getHeader('Sec-WebSocket-Version');
		if ($version !== 13) {
			$this->logger->log(sprintf('WebSocket hanshake failed: version %s is not supported by this library', $version), LOG_DEBUG);
			$this->emit('endconnection', $connection);
			return FALSE;
		}

		$acceptKey = base64_encode(sha1($request->getHeader('Sec-WebSocket-Key') . self::HANDSHAKE_GUID, TRUE));

		$response = new Response();
		$response->setStatus(101);
		$response->getHeaders()->remove('Content-Type');
		$response->setHeader('Upgrade', 'websocket');
		$response->setHeader('Connection', 'Upgrade');
		$response->setHeader('Sec-WebSocket-Accept', $acceptKey);

		$connection->write($this->getAsRaw($response));

		$this->logger->log(sprintf('WebSocket handshake with "%s" was successful', $request->getHeader('Origin')), LOG_DEBUG);
		$this->emit('connected', $connection);
		return TRUE;
	}

	/**
	 * Encode a text for sending to clients via ws://
	 *
	 * @param string $text The text to encode
	 * @return string The encoded text
	 */
	public static function encode($text) {
			// 0x1 text frame (FIN + opcode)
		$b1 = 0x80 | (0x1 & 0x0f);
		$length = strlen($text);

		if ($length <= 125) {
			$header = pack('CC', $b1, $length);
		} elseif ($length > 125 && $length < 65536) {
			$header = pack('CCn', $b1, 126, $length);
		} elseif ($length >= 65536) {
			$header = pack('CCN', $b1, 127, $length);
		}

		return $header . $text;
	}

	/**
	 * Unmask a received payload
	 *
	 * @param string $payload The payload to unmask
	 * @return string Unmasked payload
	 */
	public static function unmask($payload) {
		$length = ord($payload[1]) & 127;

		$secondByteBinary = sprintf('%08b', ord($payload[1]));
		$isMasked = ($secondByteBinary[0] == '1') ? TRUE : FALSE;

		// only unmask if data is masked
		if ($isMasked) {

			if ($length == 126) {
				$masks = substr($payload, 4, 4);
				$data = substr($payload, 8);
			} elseif ($length == 127) {
				$masks = substr($payload, 10, 4);
				$data = substr($payload, 14);
			} else {
				$masks = substr($payload, 2, 4);
				$data = substr($payload, 6);
			}

			$text = '';
			$dataLength = strlen($data);
			for ($i = 0; $i < $dataLength; ++$i) {
				$text .= $data[$i] ^ $masks[$i % 4];
			}
		} else {
			$text = $payload;
		}
		return $text;
	}

	/**
	 * Decode received command
	 *
	 * @param string $data
	 * @return array(command,params)
	 */
	public static function decodeCommand($data) {

		$data = self::unmask($data);
		$tmp = explode(':', $data, 2);

		$command = $tmp[0];
		$params = isset($tmp[1]) ? $tmp[1] : NULL;

		if ($params) {
			if (in_array($params, array('true', 'false', 'null'))) {
				$params = json_decode($params);
			} elseif (in_array(substr($params, 0, 1), array('[', '{'))) {
				$params = json_decode($params);
			}
		}

		return array($command, $params);
	}

	/**
	 * Encode command + params
	 *
	 * @param $command
	 * @param array/string $params
	 * @return string
	 */
	public static function encodeServersideCommand($command, $params = NULL) {
		return $command . ':' . json_encode($params);
	}

	/**
	 * Creates a request from the given raw, that is plain text, HTTP request.
	 *
	 * @param string $rawRequest
	 * @return \TYPO3\Flow\Http\Request
	 * @throws \InvalidArgumentException
	 * TODO: Move to TYPO3\Flow\Http\Request once it is stable
	 */
	static public function createRequestFromRaw($rawRequest) {
		$lines = explode(chr(10), $rawRequest);
		$firstLine = trim(array_shift($lines));

		$firstLine = explode(' ', $firstLine, 3);
		if(count($firstLine) !== 3) {
			throw new \InvalidArgumentException(sprintf('Unknown request header'), 1360068535);
		}

		list($requestMethod, $requestPath, $httpVersion) = $firstLine;
		if ($httpVersion !== 'HTTP/1.1') {
			throw new \InvalidArgumentException(sprintf('Only supports HTTP/1.1 - request header contained "%s"', $httpVersion), 1360068531);
		}

		$uri = new Uri('ws://' . (isset($server['HTTP_HOST']) ? $server['HTTP_HOST'] : 'localhost') . $requestPath);
		$request = Request::create($uri, $requestMethod);

		$parsingHeader = TRUE;
		$contentLines = array();
		$headers = new Headers();
		foreach ($lines as $line) {
			if ($parsingHeader) {
				if (trim($line) === '') {
					$parsingHeader = FALSE;
					continue;
				}
				$fieldName = trim(substr($line, 0, strpos($line, ':')));
				$fieldValue = trim(substr($line, strlen($fieldName) + 1));
				$headers->set($fieldName, $fieldValue, FALSE);
			} else {
				$contentLines[] = $line;
			}
		}
		$content = implode(chr(10), $contentLines);

		// FIXME: Flow\Http\Request should support setHeaders(), so move that to Message
		// $request->setHeaders($headers);
		// Workaround:
		foreach ($headers->getAll() as $name => $value) {
			$request->setHeader($name, $value);
		}

		$request->setContent($content);
		return $request;
	}

	/**
	 * Return the given request as raw string output suitable to send as a HTTP
	 * response.
	 *
	 * @param \TYPO3\Flow\Http\Response $response
	 * @return string
	 * TODO: Move to TYPO3\Flow\Http\Response once it is stable
	 */
	protected function getAsRaw(Response $response) {
		$raw = 'HTTP/1.1 ' . $response->getStatus() . "\r\n";
		foreach ($response->getHeaders()->getAll() as $fieldName => $fieldValues) {
			foreach ($fieldValues as $fieldValue) {
				$raw .= sprintf("%s: %s\r\n", $fieldName, $fieldValue);
			}
		}
		$raw .= "\r\n";
		$raw .= $response->getContent();
		return $raw;
	}

}

?>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


I had decided to follow a sew along this year, a patchwork one that would help me improve on my skills and learn new things and after a great amount of searching the net I settled on Pat Sloan's sew along.
It is a mystery BOM (block of the month) and I have completed January!
Just look at this beauty, she may not be perfect but I was so pleased with it.
I learnt HST (Half square triangles) Which I had never attempted before and heard of a scant 1/4 inch seam for the very first time. I completed my block before hearing about this little tip unfortunately but hey I like the little block warts and all.
If you wanted to take part in a sew along I would say this is a good one to try, the instructions are very detailed and easy to follow I can only imagine how much work Pat put in to it.
The cherry on the icing (yes there is more!) comes in the form of her sew along facebook group, it is huge yet everyone is just so lovely which can be unfortunately so rare. Not only do you get lots of inspiration from every ones quilts you also get a sneak peek at sewing rooms, advice and very beautiful scenic views- boy there is a huge amount of snow in some places at the minute!
If you liked the sound of the sew along you can get more information Here.


text:
Stump thinking par excellence
And, for the record, this is a good thing. The less UK government debt there is the more financially secure we are.
previousRitchie and economic forecasts
nextDear God these people are mad
20 thoughts on "Stump thinking par excellence"
So Much For Subtlety March 1, 2016 at 11:54 am
Could we have a link please? As I do actually believe this – and it would be a problem if Ritchie was saying it.
Tim Worstall March 1, 2016 at 11:56 am
Justin March 1, 2016 at 11:58 am
Justin March 1, 2016 at 12:01 pm
The less UK government debt there is the more financially secure we are.
I think this is true, but that's not only what Mr Murphy is suggesting; he also says that as much debt as possible should be UK owned – so that interest payments are made to UK entities, which can then be taxed as profit.
I'm less sure that this is a good idea.
So Much For Subtlety March 1, 2016 at 12:06 pm
Tim Worstall – "He is…."
Damn. That can only mean the Keynesians were right and the more debt the government holds the better.
Ralph Musgrave March 1, 2016 at 12:12 pm
Government debt is effectively a bundle of £10 notes which pay interest. If people suddenly want a stash of £10 notes under their mattress, no harm done. And if they want a stash of £10 notes on which interest is paid, no harm either, as long as the rate of interest stays low.
If the rate of interest rises, then they can be told to eff off.
Worzel March 1, 2016 at 12:13 pm
Richard Murphy Feb 11th 2016
(On low Gilt yields) 'Any sane government would, as a result, be borrowing as a consequence to stimulate the economy, drive up investment, build"
Richard Murphy March 1st 2016
'The less UK government debt there is the more financially secure we are'
I have a sneaking feeling the meds are making our professor a little forgetful ?
Rob March 1, 2016 at 12:19 pm
And, for the record, this is a good thing.
In a very short time indeed he will deny ever having said this, insulting people who say that he did and then banning them.
BraveFart March 1, 2016 at 12:37 pm
It seems even less likely for Murphy to be readmitted soon to the inner circle of Labour's economics policies now that Varoufakis is advising Corbyn.
Interestingly, the Greek is an alumnus of and former lecturer at the University of Essex. Wonder if he's a friend of Prem Sikka?
Richard March 1, 2016 at 1:30 pm
Didn't he have a whole series of posts about how reducing government debt would cause financial meltdown because the whole monetary system is based on gilts?
Luis Enrique March 1, 2016 at 1:38 pm
why a certainly level of government debt might be useful:
http://www.nber.org/papers/w22044
(this does not mean there is never such a thing as too much govt debt)
Andrew M March 1, 2016 at 1:40 pm
Since this is indeed a common misconception, perhaps you could expand upon why it is such a bad idea?
I would imagine our national financial security depends more upon our productive capacity than on our balance sheet, but a full explanation would be welcome.
Surreptitious Evil March 1, 2016 at 2:18 pm
It's not that it is a bad idea, although there are limits, as Luis pointed out (and although low govt debt does not translate to personal financial security, even on average, very well – and a dynamic market in gilts has its uses for normal peeps at times).
It's that it is the complete opposite to everything the LHTD has ever suggested before (especially his deliberately inflationary variations on a name of, but not, Quantitive Easing.)
Perhaps his blog is actually written by several people, and there is a viscous power struggle going on at the moment for control of it.
BraveFart March 1, 2016 at 4:10 pm
viscous power struggle
Quite possible, given the turgid and treacly nature of Murphy's prose
Ian B March 1, 2016 at 4:51 pm
Less government debt is indeed better. In a rational economy there would be none at all, at least over the medium and long terms (i.e. there might be temporary borrowing for specific purposes which is then paid off). Any entity desiring to earn interest on their capital should invest in the private sector.
I am intrigued indeed as to why Tim or any classical liberal would think otherwise.
It's worth remembering that the interest on a government bond is not the same kind of interest as normal interest, since it is not a share of the profits from productive investment (I lend you money to build a widget factory, I get interest from your successful widget production). It is, rather, a charge levied on taxpayers.
So. The Good Thing about government debt is..?
Well, that produced a flurry of answers.
DBC Reed March 1, 2016 at 8:34 pm
Why does the government need to be in debt? It can create its own money. Better than letting the banks create it then borrowing off them (at interest).
Remember: All you think you know about Economics is wrong.
diogenes March 1, 2016 at 10:51 pm
Next week, Murph will advocate compulsory purchase of gilts by UK citizens and firms to stabilise tax revenues
BlokeonaMotorway March 3, 2016 at 1:37 am
@Ian B
Sod it, I'm a bit pissed at the moment, so I'll bite;
Any group of stationary bandits may encounter a situation whereby it is expedient to borrow money from outside the group instead of having to raise it directly from its prey, avoiding the risk of both predator and prey discovering just how sharp agricultural tools can be. That is, it's cheaper all round.
This explanation involves neither Puritans nor the McKinnon Doctrine, so you might have missed the opportunity to fucking think it through from the perspective of a rational fucking economy, whatever the fucking fuckity fuck you might believe that to actually be.
As for coupon payments received being qualitatively different , somehow, depending on their underlying source. I really can't be arsed, and will simply refer you to my first sentence.
C'mon Ian, apart from the usual monomania 'cos it's the internet, you haven't thus struck me as actually being stupid to LHTD values thereof, but fuck me.
And the poison's in the dose, anyway.
Did I mention I was pissed?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
La batalla de Accio, o también llamada "batalla de Actium", se produjo el 2 de septiembre del año 31 a. C., entre la flota de César Octavio, comandada por Agripa, y la de Marco Antonio y su aliada Cleopatra, frente al golfo de Ambracia y el promontorio de Accio. La batalla se saldó con la victoria absoluta de Octaviano y la retirada de Marco Antonio y Cleopatra.

Antecedentes

En el año 44 a. C., el asesinato del dictador Julio César desató una sucesión casi ininterrumpida de guerras civiles en el mundo romano. Hacia el año 32 a. C. esas guerras se redujeron a un enfrentamiento entre dos poderosos aristócratas romanos y sus seguidores. El heredero de César, Cayo Julio César Octavio (conocido para los historiadores modernos como Octavio) se enfrentó al que fue mano derecha de César, Marco Antonio. Octavio, asentado en Italia, dominaba la mitad occidental del Imperio romano. Marco Antonio controlaba gran parte de la mitad oriental del Imperio con la ayuda de su aliada y esposa, Cleopatra VII, cabeza del reino helenístico de Egipto. La confrontación decisiva entre Octavio y Marco Antonio se produjo en el año 31 a. C., en la costa occidental de Grecia.

Lograr la superioridad naval resultaba esencial para ambas partes en esta campaña. Sin ella, a Octavio le resultaría imposible llevar suministros y refuerzos desde Italia o protagonizar una invasión decisiva de Egipto. Marco Antonio, por su parte, necesitaba romper las vías de comunicación de Octavio y cruzar el Adriático para invadir Italia, sin dejar de mantener sus propios lazos con Egipto y las provincias orientales.

El grueso del ejército de Marco Antonio se encontraba en Patras, en el golfo de Corinto, con guarniciones en puntos estratégicos rodeando el Peloponeso y escuadrones navales dispersados por las islas próximas. Su flota se hallaba atracada en Actium, en la entrada de la desembocadura del golfo de Ambracia (una gran bahía cerrada por un canal muy estrecho, de menos de 1500 metros de anchura).

A principios de la primavera del año 31 a. C., Octavio logró establecer su ejército en el promontorio septentrional de este canal mientras su flota, hábilmente comandada por Marco Vipsanio Agripa, derrotó a los escuadrones de Marco Antonio en las islas y cortó gradualmente las rutas de suministro hacia Actium. M. Antonio y Cleopatra desplazaron su ejército al promontorio septentrional en un intento de obligar a Octavio a entrar en una batalla decisiva mientras su flota permanecía en Actium. Aquí, las condiciones insalubres y pantanosas, la falta de suministros y la moral menguante favorecieron la falta de entusiasmo entre sus comandantes y las deserciones en masa por parte de los remeros de los barcos de guerra.

A mediados del verano, la situación era desesperada. El almirante principal de Antonio, Cayo Sosio, intentó escapar por mar mientras Antonio dejaba a la mitad de su ejército tierra adentro, esperando ahuyentar a Octavio de la zona en disputa; probablemente, tenía la intención de unirse a Sosio en la costa oriental de Grecia. Sosio derrotó al escuadrón de naves que bloqueaban la entrada al golfo, pero Agripa condujo allí al resto de la flota y obligó a Sosio a retroceder.

Las noticias de esta derrota llevaron a Antonio a regresar a su campamento, donde se desató un debate en torno a la cuestión de si se abandonaba la flota y se dirigían al norte, a Macedonia, donde todavía se encontrarían aliados, o se guarnecía el mayor número posible de barcos de guerra con los mejores soldados y se intentaba otro ataque por mar. Si esta última opción salía bien, Antonio podría poner rumbo a Egipto y, tal vez, reunir otro ejército. Antonio no era un comandante naval experimentado, pero los argumentos a favor de una batalla naval, defendidos también por Cleopatra, eran sólidos. Aunque consiguiera alejarse con el ejército íntegro, abandonando la flota también se separaba de las legiones que todavía le eran leales en Siria y Cirenaica.

Preparativos para la batalla

El 3 de septiembre, Antonio quemó los barcos sobrantes, en su mayoría de transporte de tropas, para impedir que Octavio los utilizase. A continuación embarcó a sus mejores soldados en los barcos de guerra restantes. Resulta imposible establecer la fuerza exacta de cada flota, pero la de Antonio era muy inferior en número. Octavio contaba con más de 400 barcos, mientras que la flota efectiva de Antonio privada de barcos amarrados en la costa y las islas y reducida todavía más por las enfermedades y la deserción, se situaba en torno a las 230 embarcaciones.

Los barcos de guerra antiguos que se desplazaban gracias a la acción de remeros sentados hasta tres niveles. Las clasificaciones aplicadas a estos barcos varían de dos a dieciséis, y no se refieren al número de hombres que accionaban cada remo, sino al número total de remeros de cada grupo vertical. De ahí que un «cinco» tuviese remos en sólo tres niveles, pero en los dos niveles superiores los remos fuesen accionados por dos hombres mientras que el nivel más bajo contaba con un hombre por cada remo.

Los barcos de la flota de Octavio abarcaban desde trirremes (clasificados como «tres»), con aproximadamente 200 soldados y remeros, hasta «sextos», que podrían llevar más de 500 hombres. Estaban equipados con espolones en la proa, aunque la principal táctica consistía en acercarse a la embarcación enemiga y atacarla con armas arrojadizas, incluidas pequeñas catapultas, para después luchar cuerpo a cuerpo e intentar subir a bordo.

Antonio disponía de embarcaciones similares, más algunas naves más grandes, auténticas fortalezas flotantes con torres para arqueros en la proa y la popa y con cientos de soldados en sus espaciosas cubiertas. Eran barcos con velas, una práctica nada habitual en las batallas marítimas antiguas. El plan de Antonio consistía en hacerse a la mar y, en cuanto sus barcos tuviesen viento favorable, poner rumbo al sur, rodeando el Peloponeso, hasta Egipto. Además de los barcos de guerra, Antonio disponía de numerosas embarcaciones comerciales, que apenas transportaban tropas y carecían de espolones o catapultas, pero que transportaban los cofres con tesoros de los botines de guerra de Antonio y Cleopatra. Resultaba vital que estos barcos se alejasen. El escuadrón de barcos de guerra asignados para escoltarlos incluía el propio buque insignia de Cleopatra.

La batalla

El objetivo de Octavio consistía en bloquear la salida del golfo de Ambracia con una doble fila de barcos de guerra. Marco Agripa comandaba el flanco izquierdo de su flota, Lucio Arruncio el centro y el propio Octavio iba en el flanco derecho con una pequeña embarcación liburna. Con el fin de aumentar las posibilidades de atravesar las líneas enemigas, Antonio ordenó a los barcos del flanco derecho y del izquierdo, al mando de Lucio Gelio Publicola y Cayo Sosio, respectivamente, que intentasen alejarse del centro, obligando al enemigo a moverse con ellos y alejándose así del centro de sus propias líneas. De este modo, se produjo un hueco a través del cual pudo pasar el escuadrón de Cleopatra con los barcos mercantes aprovisionados.

En el flanco izquierdo de la flota de Octavio, los barcos de Agripa derrotaron a Publicola y pusieron rumbo a Antonio y al tercer escuadrón. El propio buque insignia de Antonio quedó atrapado con otros barcos en la lucha que se desató en el flanco derecho, de manera que tuvo que pasar a otro barco más pequeño y seguir al escuadrón de Cleopatra. Le persiguieron algunas de las embarcaciones más ligeras y rápidas de Octavio. Cuando le dieron alcance, Antonio ya había pasado al buque insignia de Cleopatra y los perseguidores tuvieron que alejarse. Consiguió salvar aproximadamente 70 barcos de guerra.

Después de la batalla

Octavio erigió en su campamento un enorme monumento a la victoria adornado con espolones de barcos enemigos capturados. Además, en aquel mismo lugar fundó una ciudad que bautizó con el nombre de Nikópolis (ciudad de la victoria).

Poetas contemporáneos como Virgilio y Horacio señalaron la batalla de Actium como el principio de una edad dorada para Roma. No fue tanto la derrota naval como el abandono de su ejército lo que representó el final para Antonio y Cleopatra y para sus posibilidades de derrotar a Octavio. Aunque el ejército comenzó una retirada hacia el norte, desde Actium en dirección a Macedonia, bajo el mando de Publio Canidio Craso, tan pronto como las fuerzas de Octavio dieron con él, las legiones veteranas negociaron un cambio de bando. Su sentido de la lealtad hacia Antonio no era lo suficientemente intenso como para hacerles ignorar la catastrófica realidad de la situación.

Octavio persiguió a la pareja de destino funesto hasta Alejandría. Antonio y Cleopatra prefirieron suicidarse antes que someterse al nuevo gobernante del mundo romano. Octavio regresó a Roma, se hizo llamar César Augusto e inauguró el Imperio romano que se prolongaría por cerca de 500 años.

La controversia

Existen diferencias entre los eruditos a la hora de valorar el enfrentamiento. Por un lado hay quien postula que Marco Antonio buscaba una retirada completa, pues sus naves llevaban un velamen demasiado grande, del que no se hubiese hecho uso si se preparase una batalla naval. Otros sugieren que lo que se buscaba era un enfrentamiento con una parte del ejército que encubriese honrosamente lo que en realidad era una huida. Otro motivo de conflicto es la participación de Cleopatra en esta decisión. Tampoco son fiables las cifras que se dan para el número de naves en cada bando; según Plutarco, antes de la confrontación Antonio contaba con 600 naves, de las que Augusto capturó 300, cifrándose en unas 5000 las bajas humanas. Según otros autores, ambas fuerzas tenían un tamaño similar de 200 naves.

Accio en la literatura

El poeta Virgilio describe así la batalla en la Eneida:

William Shakespeare también narra la batalla de Accio en su tragedia Marco Antonio y Cleopatra. El autor inglés destaca el honor de los combatientes y narra los antecedentes incluso desde su obra anterior Julio César, donde se cuenta el inicio del triunvirato entre Octavio, Antonio y Lépido, quien cae en desgracia y es encarcelado antes del enfrentamiento naval de los otros dos triunviros.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

 Guglielmo Ferrero: Grandeza y decadencia de Roma (Grandezza e decadenza di Roma, 1901-1907), en 5 volúmenes; texto español en el sitio de la Biblioteca Tercer Milenio.
  Apéndice del Volumen IV: La Batalla de Accio.

31 a. C.
Accio
Accio
Accio
Dinastía Julio-Claudia
Grecia en el siglo I a. C.
Egipto en el siglo I a. C.
Cleopatra
Accio
Augusto

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Q: Grails Spring LDAP Security multiple domain use case I have several DC in my LDAP(like DC=Ny, DC=Oh) and would like to authenticate the user from LDAP through grails spring ldap plugin.
Initially I have used following parameters in the config.groovy file and was able to authenticate the users from newyork but now I have to authenticate the users from both newyork and Ohio.
// Added by the Spring Security Core plugin:
grails.plugins.springsecurity.userLookup.userDomainClassName = 'com.test.SecUser'
grails.plugins.springsecurity.userLookup.authorityJoinClassName = 'com.test.SecUserSecRole'
grails.plugins.springsecurity.authority.className = 'com.test.SecRole'
// LDAP config
grails.plugins.springsecurity.ldap.context.managerDn = 'CN=P8,OU=P8,OU=Weblogic,OU=PR,OU=Groups - Application,DC=NY,DC=GWL,DC=com'
grails.plugins.springsecurity.ldap.context.managerPassword = 'test'
grails.plugins.springsecurity.ldap.context.server = 'ldap://NY.GWL.com:389/'
grails.plugins.springsecurity.ldap.authorities.ignorePartialResultException = true // typically needed for Active Directory
grails.plugins.springsecurity.ldap.search.base = 'DC=NY,DC=GWL,DC=com'
grails.plugins.springsecurity.ldap.search.filter="sAMAccountName={0}" // for Active Directory you need this
grails.plugins.springsecurity.ldap.search.searchSubtree = true
grails.plugins.springsecurity.ldap.auth.hideUserNotFoundExceptions = false
grails.plugins.springsecurity.ldap.search.attributesToReturn = ['mail', 'displayName'] // extra attributes you want returned; see below for custom classes that access this data
grails.plugins.springsecurity.providerNames = ['ldapAuthProvider', 'anonymousAuthenticationProvider'] // specify this when you want to skip attempting to load from db and only use LDAP
What kind of changes needs to be done in groovy.config file or does I need to do any code changes.
Any help on this will be really helpful.
Thanks

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NewTek Discussions > NewTek Forums > General Discussion > ADT & Lightwave?
View Full Version : ADT & Lightwave?
The Firm I am at does little 3d modeling... However, I have been pushing them to do so. They have just purchased ADT 2005... Can the ADT models be rendered in Ligtwave?


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Episode 17 • Jule Selbo
Guest, Jule Selbo
www.juleselbo.com
Kathleen talks with Jule Selbo in this episode of Talking Book Publishing. Jule is an accomplished writer, she has written plays, worked as a writer on big-name shows, screenplays, award-winning historical fiction, and now her newest series about a female detective. The ladies discuss Jule's broad career, and her newest book "10 Days." Join them in the discussion.
About Jule Selbo
Jule Selbo is a multi-award-winning novelist, playwright, and screenwriter whose original work explores an individual's need for justice, love, and a sense of belonging. She's written for legends like George Lucas, Aaron Spelling, George Romero, Sissy Spacek, Geena Davis, with projects at
Disney, Universal, MTV, Columbia Pictures, and more.
Growing up in Fargo, North Dakota, Jule created plays in her garage and made short films at the local junior high school. After earning a BFA at Southern Methodist University, and a Masters at UNC, Chapel Hill, she made her way to New York City, where her plays ran off-off-Broadway. Productions in regional theaters and Los Angeles opened opportunities for writing and producing gigs in network television and major film studios in Hollywood.
In the early 2000s, she earned her Ph.D. at the University of Exeter, and took on a professorship at CSU Fullerton, teaching Screenwriting classes and World Cinema. Her three books on screenwriting are curriculum in universities across the globe. She taught in Florence, Italy – and this is where her first novel, Find Me in Florence (Chatelaine First Place Award) was born. Other books include award-winning historical fiction: Dreams of Discovery, Based on the Life of Explorer John Cabot and Breaking Barriers, The Life of Laura Bassi (Finalist for the Goethe Award). Short stories have appeared in Alfred Hitchcock Mystery Magazine.
Jule now lives in Portland, Maine. She enjoys being part of the literary and theater communities, sailing, writing for podcasts, cooking, and playing pickleball.


Join us for our Avalon Model Home Grand Opening on Saturday, June 2. Discover a unique lifestyle unlike anything else in Chevy Chase, as our newest model home and sales center opens its doors. Stop by from noon - 4 PM to be among the first to tour this beautiful new model home.


Shows how observant I am!
Drives an 09 plate Caffe Latte Visia - and LOVIN' it !!!
Mine dim to off ok.
Thought I might replace all my interior bulbs with LED's and if so, do they still light up and dim slowly as with the normal incandescent bulbs?
Not the ones that I have in my QQ.
The LED's have made a lot of difference.
I have used blue in the footwells and front and rear, white in the glove box and boot.
I have read both thread about some new bulbs he was trialling in his sidelights, but I'm not sure which bulbs should i buy . Can you write me the exact link for this bright white like yours interiors?


In a dutch oven melt butter over medium heat. Add leeks and saute until tender.
Add corn, bay leaf and garlic and continue to cook for another 3-4 minutes.
Pour chicken stock over the corn and season salt, pepper and cayenne. Allow to simmer for 20 minutes.
Pour the soup into a blender and blend until completely smooth. Return to pot and add the heavy cream. Continually stir over low heat until cream is fully incorporated. Adjust seasoning as needed, serve, garnish and enjoy!


it is undeniable that there are people who lack the responsibility to owning a gun.
not minors nor those on parole for certain violent crimes.
Outlawing guns would mean that only outlaws (and police) have guns, risking the lives of innocent people who are unable to legally defend themselves.
It is guaranteed in the United States Constitution that every citizen has the right to bear arms.
Is it justifiable for the U.S. to torture in a "ticking time-bomb" scenario?
If guns are legal to carry, so should swords.


Jeremiah Grossman, founder of WhiteHat Security is throwing his hat back in the startup ring, launching Bit Discovery in a bid to help organizations with website asset inventory, which is a key cyber-security challenge.
Startup Bit Discovery officially launched on March 27, led by cyber-security industry veteran Jeremiah Grossman. Bit Discovery is building a platform for website asset inventory and portfolio management that will help to improve cyber-security efforts.
The company has raised $2.7 million in venture funding led by Aligned Partners and also benefited from investment by Black Hat conference founder Jeff Moss and Alex Stamos, the current CISO of Facebook. Along with the funding and launch, Bit Discovery announced that it acquired privately-held startup OutsideIntel to bolster its technology base. OutsideIntel was led by Robert "Rsnake" Hansen, who had previously worked with Grossman at WhiteHat security.
Grossman founded WhiteHat Security in February 2003 and worked there until March 2016, he moved on to become the Chief of Security Strategy at SentinelOne from May 2016 until the official launch of Bit Discovery.
"The company (SentinelOne) wasn't mine and I wanted something of my own to solve a big problem that was always nagging at me," Grossman told eWEEK.
Grossman said that he started WhiteHat in 2003 to help people find vulnerabilities inside their websites. The challenge that he frequently came across was that many organizations were not aware of all their web assets, making it impossible to secure everything. That's the challenge that Bit Discovery aims to help solve, providing a web asset inventory platform.
"Hansen and OutsideIntel had the data to make asset discovery work," Grossman said. "Bit Discovery has the user-interface and management facilities for an enterprise solution, so the match just made sense."
Grossman explained that what Bit Discovery has already done is scanned the entire internet, including port scans, DNS, Whois and domain data and it's all stored in a central location. With Bit Discovery a user types in a given domain name which queries the database, to reveal all discovered assets.
"We're geared toward publicly facing websites and internet assets," Grossman said. "Every once in a while, via a server misconfiguration, we'll find things that are internally facing."
As an example, Grossman said that for many Fortune 500 companies, Bit Discovery has discovered internal IP address ranges, mapped to public facing web information.
The idea of scanning the web is one that multiple vendors and sites have attempted. Among the most popular tools for security researchers is the shodan.io web search tool, which Grossman said serves a different purpose than what Bit Discovery aims to deliver. In Grossman's view, Shodan is a port scan of the internet that provides a wealth of data. That data however is incomplete from a web asset discovery perspective as it lacks DNS, domain and host name correlations.
"For purposes of web asset discovery, our data is going to be better," Grossman said. "Our data is different and our focus is different."
A core challenge for many firms is proper patching of vulnerable software assets, which isn't something that Bit Discovery will provide, but it will play a role, according to Grossman. He said that Bit Discovery can discover all of an organization's specific assets, for example, all of the Apache Struts powered sites. While Bit Discovery will not provide firmware and patching information, Grossman expects that his company's data can be integrated with vulnerability scanning technologies from companies like Qualys.
Grossman added that it's difficult for organizations to scan for vulnerabilities across assets they don't know about.
"Everybody wants to jump into vulnerability assessment, before doing asset inventory," Grossman said.


Your one-stop shop to security labels.
of these highly innovative and effective tamper evident labels.
Although we make and supply LabelLock directly from our warehouse stocks, we also produce bespoke designs to order for a worldwide customer base of users including airlines, logistics and chemicals businesses, police, government departments and vehicle manufacturers to name just a few.
'No Residue' – these labels will reveal an irreversible 'opened' message on removal, but the message appears on the label only. Ideal for aviation, vehicles, furniture, computers, cabinets and other items that are continually used.
'Dual Layer' – will leave a permanent and irreversible 'opened' message on both the label and the surface it is applied to. Ideal for single use items such as documents, envelopes, forensics, boxes and packaging.
'Tape' – works as 'Dual Layer' but comes in a tape format, so long strips can be easily applied to boxes and packaging.
LabelLock is the premium brand of global security labels, and the only one to have attained the ISO17712 accreditation for tamper evident seals.
number and deny transfer across assets.
evident envelopes and bags, as well as metal and plastic seals at very competitive prices.


Looking for a trusted SEO company that can delivers excellent Google Panda Recovery Services? Garginfotech is the name to trust when it comes to freeing your website from the clutches of Google Panda. A lot of top ranking websites have fallen down the search graph and only Panda Recovery Services can help restore the same vigor that existed before the Google Panda Update. This update left many websites high and dry as their rankings dropped and traffic dried up. They were replaced by websites that offered unique, original and rich content instead.
Garginfotech has always stayed ahead when it comes to keeping abreast with Google Updates and ensuring we tweak our seo packages to stay compliant. Choose one of our Google compliant seo plans to promote your website and rest assured you will NEVER be hit by a Google Update again!
If you've got good engagement on Social Media, especially Google Plus, Google is quick to pick up the signals. You'll be surprised what a significant impact Social has on your rankings.


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Q: Как сделать чтобы страница менялась при обновлений данных на сервере без перезагрузки? (Java Servlet) Как добиться результата как в vue.js($store) с автоматическим обновлением информаций на странице в случае обновления данных в базе данных.

A: Vuex - это реактивное хранилище, которое позволяет отслеживать изменения данных в нём. Однако он не связан с сервером, как допустим веб-сокеты. Вместо этого он выступает посредником между клиентским кодом и сервером: каждый раз выполняя запрос и получая ответ, Vuex меняет состояние и об этом узнаёт весь связанный код.
Что лучше в твоём случае мне не ясно. Но в зависимости от ситуации можно использовать:

*

*Веб-сокеты

*API-запросы

Первый случай подходит тогда, когда данные на сервере могли измениться независимо от действий клиента, но при этом связанный с ними клиент должен быть оповещён об изменениях.
Второй случай хорошо подходит тогда, когда данные меняются зависимо от клиента. Но так как ты не хочешь перезагружать страницу, то пусть сервер возвращает не страницу, а лишь данные. Дальше при получении обнови поля текущей страницы и вуаля!


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6 Historic Military Dogs Who Gave Everything For Their Country
Jacob H.
Man's best friend is a dog, the old saying goes, and that applies to combat as well. Military working dogs serve with all branches of the military today and have been used by the United States since the Revolutionary War. They were first used as pack animals, but working dogs have served in military roles such as scouting, policing, detection, and even combat. Today, hundreds of dogs serve with U.S. military forces in Iraq and Afghanistan as scout dogs, police dogs and with tasks like land-mine detection and border patrol.
There are countless stories of bravery and heroism from the four-legged members of the military, and those continue to this day. Yet despite the fact that working dogs have served and fought alongside the military since the country's founding, there was no national war memorial for working dogs until 2013. The U.S. Military Working Dog Teams National Monument was finished in late 2013 at Lackland Air Force Base in San Antonio, Texas. The base has been the military's center for training working dogs since World War II.
The large memorial features statues of four dogs and a handler, with the words "Guardians of America's Freedom" written boldly across the front of the monument. The four dogs are representative of the four most commonly used dogs in recent military history, but all kinds and sizes of breeds have been used from Terriers to German Shepherds. Let's take a look a just a few of the hundreds of amazing military dogs in U.S. history.
6. Sallie – Civil War
The first dog on our list is Sallie, who served in the Civil War as the mascot of the 11th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry. Sallie was a a Staffordshire Terrier who served with the soldiers on the front lines of many battles. She was even at the Battle of Gettysburg, where she got separated from the 11th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry during the fighting.
Sallie was found by her soldiers three days after going missing. She was still on the battlefield, guarding the wounded and dead soldiers. Sallie was killed in action at the Battle of Hatcher's Run in Virginia. Years after the Civil War had ended, soldiers from her regiment placed a memorial statue of Sallie at Gettysburg.
5. Sgt. Stubby – World War I
Sergeant Stubby was the most decorated war dog of World War I, serving with the 102nd Infantry, 26th Yankee Division. The only dog to be promoted to the rank through combat, Sgt. Stubby served in the trenches in France, warning soldiers of incoming shells, gas attacks, and locating wounded soldiers on the battlefield. In one instance he captured a German spy singlehanded.
Cpl. John Robert Conroy took Stubby at Yale where the soldiers were training. Conroy then snuck Stubby with him to France when the troops shipped out. After the two survived a gas attack by the Germans, Stubby developed a keen smell for gas and would alert the men to incoming attacks since he could smell it long before a human could. He received multiple medals, met 3 Presidents, and became the official mascot of Georgetown University after the war. Sgt. Stubby was with Conroy when he died in 1926.
4. Chips – World War II
The most decorated military dog of World War II was a German Shepherd/Collie/Husky mix named Chips. Part of the Dogs for Defense program initiated after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Chips was given to the military by his owner in New York. Chips served in General Patton's Seventh Army in Germany, Italy, Sicily, France, and North Africa. He was awarded the Silver Star for valor and the Purple Heart for his injuries. Unfortunately, the military later took back the medals, claiming that Chips was only equipment and not eligible to receive the medals.
Chips has many stories of heroics and valor on the battlefields of WWII, but perhaps his two most famous acts happened in the same day. While in Sicily, Chips and his fellow troops became pinned down by machine gun fire from a pillbox. Chips singlehandedly charged into the pillbox and captured all four Italian soldiers inside. Later that night, while the soldiers were asleep, Chips heard enemy soldiers approaching for an ambush, then woke and alerted the men. The soldiers were able to capture every enemy soldier thanks to Chips, who had saved their lives.
Continue reading on the next page!
Mallory Blair
7th annual Week of Giving – Thank You!
Freekibble Impact, Fall of 2019!
Flight: November's Thanksgiving Freekibble Flight to Freedom saved 150+ dogs & cats from the threat of being euthanized!
Thank You for Helping Soldiers Save Dogs from War Zones – and Then Take Them Home!
Freekibble's served over
nutritious meals to hungry dogs and cats!
JWShePlayerKnows
ecomm FKB
©2020 Freekibble and GreaterGood. All rights reserved. Owned and operated by CharityUSA.com, LLC. Funds are paid by GreaterGood.org to benefiting organizations as a grant.


Mark Tessler examines three interrelated topics. Firstly, and most importantly, he discusses the position that Israel is likely to seek to define for itself in the Middle East if its conflict with the Arab world is resolved. Specifcally, it assesses the strategic, economic, political and idiological factors that will determine Israel's interests in the Middle East, soeculates about the kinds of alliances and relationships Israel is likely to seek in pursuit of these interests, and considers the probable of selected bilateral relationships that are likely to emerge as a result.


Are you looking for a new and exciting job opportunity with people who are passionate about their work?
The ideal Placement Assistant is a "people person" who maintains a professional appearance and attitude, has a sense of urgency about their work, and maintains confidentiality and industry standards at all times. Customer service is huge and a top priority of this position! If you are a positive and energetic individual with knowledge and experience within a customer service field, this may be the career for you!
Manpower is an EOE and a supporter of diversity and our veterans. Manpower is selected as the 2019 "World's Most Ethical Company", by Ethisphere Institute for nine consecutive years.


5 Tips for Exploring Process Art with Kids!
As an art teacher, there was never any doubt as to whether or not Stella would be immersed in the arts as a child!
I started introducing her to art when she was four months old, and have continued ever since! I am often asked if I think she has "the gift of art," or some profound talent, and I just laugh. Art is about so much more than natural talent, and so far from what I'm worried about when I paint with my almost two year old!
At this age, I'm all about process art with Stella! Process art simply means focusing on the process of creating the art versus the end product. Art is such an engaging way for a child to learn and manipulate. They're learning by experiencing color, texture, space, composition, and whole body movement just to name a few. I know personally with Stella, we are learning colors right now, so when she paints, I break out my giant bin of craft paint for her and she goes through and calls out each color as she selects them from the bin! Lately she's been experiencing a blue period! Hopefully in color only!
If you're interested in trying process art with a child, here are a few steps to get started!
-Use what you have in your yard!! Nature provides some pretty amazing paint "brushes" and tools! We recently painted on old wood scraps using flowers, sticks, branches, and herbs! Not only does it create for unique strokes and texture in the piece, it also exposes your child to the various textures of nature! I also loved that when she used the rosemary as a brush, the stroke process released the oils, and the aroma added to the sensory experience!!
-So for all of the mamas who don't like messes, this one is probably not for you! Stella frequently uses her hands and feet and sometimes her whole body to paint! Sometimes she dives right into the paint with her feet or hands, other times she paints them before applying them to the surface we are painting on! Its just a tactile way for kids to learn about how their movement can manipulate a medium!!
-Trucks, balls, doll hair, plastic animals, etc..are all amazing tools! Who wouldn't want to drive their monster truck through paint and see what kind of tracks it makes?
4. TRY AN EVOLVING CANVAS!
-One of the cool things I'm starting with Stella is an evolving canvas. This simply means that you continue to reuse the same canvas over and over to create a unique piece with layers of color and texture! Try buying one big canvas when they're on sale, and let your child come back to it over and over again!
5. TRY A VARIETY OF MEDIUMS!
-Try a torn paper collage, watercolor painting, colored pencils, markers, crayons, oil pastels, etc... Don't feel like you HAVE to be using paint! We like to mix it up a lot and use a variety of mediums. Try using white crayons to draw basic shapes and then let your child paint over them with watercolors! It creates a wax resist and the image only appears when they've painted over them!
Remember that there isn't a right or wrong when it comes to process art! Many times I'm amazed and the beautiful art that comes out of it, but that is never the end goal! Let them be little. Let them play, explore, create while they can!
Share with me if you try any of these!!! I'd love to hear how you explore process art with your kiddo!!


Interested in playing easy-intermediate arrangements of Ludwig van Beethoven? The Beethoven | Meet the Composer Series Piano Book, Vol. 1 includes a variety of pieces written originally for piano or for orchestra, that have been arranged for music students at the easy-intermediate level.
This edition includes 10 pieces for piano solo with an introduction to the composer. 17 pages. Digital print book published by MakingMusicFun.net.


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Legleiter Does It Again!
Shortly after becoming one of only eight graduate students to win a 2006 Canon National Parks Science Scholarship, Carl Legleiter has also been awarded one of only two annual Horton Research Grants by the American Geophysical Union. To quote the AGU website ), In 1982, the Hydrology Section of AGU gained access to a portion of the income of the Robert E. Horton Fund for Hydrologic Research. This permitted the initiation of the Horton Research Grant, which was first awarded in 1983. The grant is in support of research projects in hydrology and water resources by Ph.D. candidates in institutions of higher education and is awarded annually. Its objective is to foster graduate student research leading to the completion of doctoral dissertations. Appropriate topics may be in hydrology (including its physical, chemical, or biological aspects) or in water resources policy sciences (including economics, systems analysis, sociology and law).
Conditions of Carl's $10,000 research grant include the preparation of an interim progress report and the presentation of a paper based on the funded work at a future AGU meeting. Carl will receive half of the grant immediately, and the second half will be presented to him in person at the 2006 Fall AGU Meeting during a Hydrology Section function where he will be officially honored. Speaking of honors, we're honored to have Carl in the Department of Geography!
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Heading into spring training, Dom Brown was slated to be the Phillies' everyday right fielder in sort of a "prove it" situation. Then he got hurt, and the Phillies initially surprised everyone (including Brown himself) by optioning the 27-year-old outfielder to Triple-A after he completed his rehab assignment.
Now, on June 13th, he's finally back in the big leagues. After the Phillies' 4-3 loss to the Pirates on Saturday, the team announced that Brown was recalled to the Phillies at the expense of 28-year-old Darin Ruf, who has been optioned back to Lehigh Valley.
Sandberg said move was to get Ruf more steady at-bats. Brown will join #Phillies tomorrow and get some regular starts in RF.
Brown, the former top prospect who had a very underwhelming 2014 season, was hitting .260/.315/.366 at Triple-A. He rebounded well from a poor start and was batting .304/.347/.543 in June for the Iron Pigs.