Justin was born and raised in Galena, IL. After graduating from Galena High School Justin attended Loras College where he was a 4 year member of the football team, and earned his Bachelors Degree in Sport Science with an emphasis in Coaching. It didn't take him long to make the decision to move to Colorado after graduation.
Justin began working for SportXcel in July of 2009. He worked in the SportXcel facility until 2011 when he had an opportunity to travel with and train a top rated motocross racer. Upon his return to Colorado, in the fall of 2011, he began working with the SportXcel Youth Fitness Foundation in the Denver Public Schools. He took some time away from SportXcel in 2012/2013 to complete his Masters Degree in Sport Management and Marketing from CALU. He rejoined the SportXcel team in September 2013 and has worked to expand our marketing presence while still training groups, personal clients, and leading some spin classes.
Justin holds a National Academy of Sports Medicine Performance Enhancement Specialist Certification. He is an avid outdoors man and thoroughly enjoys spending his time in the mountains and traveling. He and his wife Tiffany live in Denver with their three dogs.


text:
Q: i am getting an IndexError in this code can you help me? while loading this code:
import bs4
from urllib.request import urlopen as req
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as soup
my_url = "https://www.daraz.com.np"
uclient = req(my_url)
page_html = uclient.read()
uclient.close()
page_soup = soup(page_html, "html.parser")
container = page_soup.findAll("div",{"class":"c3e8SH"})
len(container)
container[0]

i got an this error
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\bhatt\my_scrap.py", line 11, in <module>
    container[0]
IndexError: list index out of range

A: The problem is that container = page_soup.findAll("div",{"class":"c3e8SH"}) is resulting an empty list.
You can try adding a condition if the container list is not empty then take the first element as
container[0] if container else None #or another part that you want to execute in case the container list is empty

to overcome this error.

A: it seem that container = page_soup.findAll("div",{"class":"c3e8SH"}) is an empty list,
means there is no element having class c3e8SH.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
News 13 Mar 2019
Australia's first High Court native title compensation decision
Today, the High Court of Australia has reduced the compensation award at Timber Creek from A$2.9 million to just over A$2.5 million (Northern Territory of Australia v. Mr A Griffiths (deceased) and Lorraine Jones on behalf of the Ngaliwurru and Nungali Peoples & Anor).
The Timber Creek decision is a landmark, as the first ever judicial assessment by the High Court of native title compensation in Australia. Further, the appeal was heard by the Full Bench of the High Court in Darwin in September 2018, the first time the Court has sat in the Northern Territory in its history.
Ashurst partner Tony Denholder commented:
"Today's decision by the High Court has reduced the total award in the Timber Creek case from nearly A$2.9 million to A$2,530,350," Denholder said.
"Importantly the Court upheld the A$1.3 million for loss of spiritual attachment. The Court thought this amount was not manifestly excessive, and was not inconsistent with acceptable community standards. The total award of just over A$2.5 million is still very significant in an Australian context.
"It is likely that nationally, the liability for native title compensation will run into the billions of dollars.
"The Court reduced economic loss to 50 per cent of the freehold value of the land, compared to the 65 per cent used by the Full Federal Court. That the small area of Timber Creek still triggered a compensation liability of over A$2.5 million, will have strong implications for the more than 2.8 million square kilometres of native title land holdings across the rest of Australia.
"Today's decision has provided direction about assessing compensation for a few categories of impacts, however more case law is required to understand how native title compensation will be assessed for many other impacts, including mining projects, pastoral leases, agricultural development and other land uses partially inconsistent with native title.
"The High Court's decision will likely to trigger compensation applications from many of the hundreds of native title holder groups around Australia, who finally have clarity – albeit limited – on how they might quantify the compensation owed to them for impacts on their native title."
"All stakeholders will need to confront the procedural complexities and cost of managing claims to native title compensation on a parcel by parcel basis. There is an added complexity in circumstances where liability for State action rests with a third party. It is not clear how the Federal Court will manage such litigation."
Partner Clare Lawrence added:
"The High Court's decision marks the beginning of a new phase in the relations between native title holders and the governments and third parties that deal with and use native title land," Lawrence said.
"A methodology for determining the quantum of native title compensation is only one part of the picture. Now that the High Court has handed down its decision, the focus should move to efficiently managing the expected influx of claims from native title holders in the more than 370 determinations of native title around Australia.
"The certainty of the High Court's Timber Creek decision is likely to look illusory as the reality of prosecuting and responding to the myriad of factual circumstances that give rise to a native title compensation entitlement unfolds. A system will be established and things will normalise. In the meantime, the experience will not be dissimilar to the years of uncertainty that followed the enactment of the Native Title Act 1993 (Cth) in 1994."
Tony Denholder
tony.denholder@ashurst.com
Geoff Gishubl
geoff.gishubl@ashurst.com
Clare Lawrence
clare.lawrence@ashurst.com
Andrew Gay
andrew.gay@ashurst.com

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Add new column in SQL query I want to use the result of query to create new column in order to to find the change of freight to the revenue
The original question is What is the impact on revenue of the additional 10% in freight. I am currently using Northwind dataset
select sum(UnitPrice*Quantity*(1-Discount))  - sum(Freight*1.1) as New,  sum(UnitPrice*Quantity*(1-Discount))  - sum(Freight) as Old, New-Old
from "Order Details", Orders;

SQL query does not work as it does not recognize new variable "New" and "Old"
I have updated the version that suggessted but it generate error messange
NexusDB: Query534984250: Query execution failed:
NexusDB: Correlation name for subquery expected:

SELECT New,Old,New-Old
FROM  (select
        sum(UnitPrice*Quantity*(1-Discount))  - sum(Freight*1.1) as New,
        sum(UnitPrice*Quantity*(1-Discount))  - sum(Freight) as Old
            FROM "Order Details"
               INNER JOIN  "Orders"  ON ("Order Details".OrderID = Orders.OrderID)
      )  ;

A: You  can use the columns New and Old after they are run in a subquery
But your (sub)query  will not give you a correct result as
From `Order Details`, `Orders`

is a cross join between both tables and would return too many rows to give you the expected result
So you would
FROM `Order Details` od
    INNER JOIN  `Orders` o ON o.id = od.order_REf_id

And then you still must check if the result is what you are looking for
SELECT New,Old, New-Old
FROM  (select
        sum(UnitPrice*Quantity*(1-Discount))  - sum(Freight*1.1) as New,
        sum(UnitPrice*Quantity*(1-Discount))  - sum(Freight) as Old
        from `Order Details`, `Orders`
      ) t1

In end effect it will lokk like
SELECT New,Old, New-Old
FROM  (select
        sum(UnitPrice*Quantity*(1-Discount))  - sum(Freight*1.1) as New,
        sum(UnitPrice*Quantity*(1-Discount))  - sum(Freight) as Old
            FROM `Order Details` od
               INNER JOIN  `Orders` o ON o.id = od.order_REf_id`
      ) t1


This USB Memory Card Reader is transfer files between your mobile phone. digital camera, or PDA and a computer.
Suppport USB 2.0, high-speed data transfer.
Truly plug & play and hot swapping capability.
This CF Memory Card Reader with built-in USB cable and plug.
Light weight and compact, this XD Memory Card Reader is easily take your confidential data with you everywhere!
Compatible with: XD card, CF card (Memory card not included).
System Requirements: Windows ME, 2000, XP, and Vista.


As Eaton Square Upper School, Mayfair prepares to open its doors in September 2017, we speak to the new Headmaster, Phillip Williams, about his vision for London's new independent senior school.
Why have you moved to Eaton Square Upper School?
I have always loved working in central London and I want to devote my professional life to education. Having the opportunity to not only join a very well-respected and prestigious group of schools, but to also join just as the senior school is launching, is such a huge honour and incredibly exciting.
I also felt the ethos and values of Eaton Square Schools' governing body resonated with my own. The new school represents a unique opportunity to design an education tailored precisely to the early twenty-first century, whilst still maintaining many of the core qualities we have always held dear. We want to design a school and education that is in line with the trends for the future, while building on firm foundations of timeless values.
What do you hope to achieve at the new school?
There are very few independent coeducational senior schools in central London and none in Mayfair, so first and foremost we want to ensure we are fulfilling a very clear need for more schools that can meet the requirements of families in the area.
I hope that in a few years' time, Eaton Square Upper School, Mayfair will be the first choice not just for parents in and around Mayfair, but for any London parent seeking a well-rounded, hands-on education for their children that's built on a combination of holistic and traditional values, catering specifically to the needs of modern children.
I want our education to be exciting and relevant to our times. My decade at Winchester especially taught me how independent education needn't be too closely tied to government guidelines. I hope our students will never be bored, will look forward to going to school, and will be proud to have attended Eaton Square Upper School, Mayfair for the rest of their lives.
What will the focus of the new school be?
As with all of our schools, our focus is always to provide students with the very best education possible. We understand that all children are individuals with their own specific needs, challenges and goals – therefore, we want to create a learning environment that recognises these individual needs and is tailored as much as possible to each student.
It's so important that pupils are afforded the opportunity to develop at their own pace and in an environment they feel comfortable with. If children feel rushed, unhappy or stressed, their learning is ultimately the first thing to suffer. Therefore, we want to make sure all our students are as happy as possible and start and end their day with a smile. This family-driven ethos has always worked well for us and is something that will definitely be integral to Eaton Square Upper.
What makes Eaton Square Upper school different?
One of the most exciting and unique things about Eaton Square Upper is that we are starting completely from scratch, yet we still have the benefit of belonging to a very well-established network of feeder schools. This means we can beextremely flexible when creating the right kind of culture, whilst taking all the very best qualities from our existing schools and replicating them.
Our location is something we are also very proud of. 106 Piccadilly is a stunning, Grade I listed building, overlooking Green Park. It has a wonderfully rich history, features of which can be seen in every single room; from the ornate ceiling murals and cornicing, to the grand stone staircase with a wrought iron balustrade. Having such a fantastic location means we'll be able to take advantage of a wealth of resources right on our door step. So whether it's sports lessons in Green Park, drama workshops in local theatres or simply soaking up the culture of one of the world's most exciting multi-cultural cities, we're in the ideal position to do it all.


Nino Schurter will ride for the rainbow jersey in front of his home crowd, tomorrow in Lenzerheide, Switzerland. Situated only 30 minutes from his hometown Chur, the track is rather technical and it will probably be wet because rain is forecasted for today. Anyway, the "Swiss army knife edition" Scott Spark RC was perfectly shiny during this bike check.


Design your own train with plenty of equipment hire a bold crew and make your journey through the dangerous Wild West. Get ready to conquer the Wild West on rails. Ship goods and passengers in a clever way and fid your resources. Its totally upto you that how are you gonna solve the problems you faced in PC game Bounty Train New West Pc Game….either by bribery, violence or through diplomacy.
Investigate the historic events, dangerous life and inventions of 19th Century. Get on of the greatest legendary steam machine and use it well on rails by transforming it into a fortress. You can only enjoy this game if only you are paying attention to all factors around.


text:
With over 17 years of experience as a stylist, Michael Booth's intuitive and precise approach for color and cuts has helped him build an enthusiastic client base throughout Orlando and beyond. Before opening Michael's BOOTH in 2014, he was a coveted stylist at Nube Nove for nine years in Orlando's stylish Thornton Park neighborhood. Michael loves being a professional "day-maker" – providing attentive and personalized service, tips on styling techniques, and a fun and fabulous salon experience.
Michael is also a Certified Senior Educator for John Paul Mitchell Systems. Through Paul Mitchell, he travels around the country teaching professionals new color trends, products, and techniques, while participating in national events and shows. Although Michael is serious about his craft, his clients love his sense of humor and upbeat personality. A natural performer, he spent seven years as the Walt Disney Company as a cast member in productions such as Aladdin and The Lion King. It's this passion and energy paired with his talent for style that has contributed to his long-term success and loyal clientele.
More about Michael!
1408 Gay Road
Mon-Wed: 10:00am-8:00pm
michaelsboothllc@gmail.com
© 2019 Michael's Booth LLC | Design by WDL.


Xu, Liming and Towey, Dave and French, Andrew P. and Benford, Steve and Zhou, Zhi Quan and Chen, Tsong Yueh (2018) Enhancing supervised classifications with metamorphic relations. In: 3rd International Workshop on Metamorphic Testing - MET '18, 27 May 2018, Gothenburg, Sweden.
This list was generated on Mon Apr 22 09:00:51 2019 UTC.


text:
Q: How do I fix an Error with pip install bllipparser? I was trying to install the bllipparser for a project and used the command pip install bllipparser in the terminal, but I got the following error.
Installing collected packages: bllipparser
    Running setup.py install for bllipparser ... error
    ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
     command: 'C:\Users\1000284172\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.9_qbz5n2kfra8p0\python.exe' -u -c 'import io, os, sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'C:\\Users\\1000284172\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-aik213us\\bllipparser_736f2d4697234f66883f283f0d23bdcf\\setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'C:\\Users\\1000284172\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-aik213us\\bllipparser_736f2d4697234f66883f283f0d23bdcf\\setup.py'"'"';f = getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__) if os.path.exists(__file__) else io.StringIO('"'"'from setuptools import setup; setup()'"'"');code = f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record 'C:\Users\1000284172\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-record-dvw0bufb\install-record.txt' --single-version-externally-managed --user --prefix= --compile --install-headers 'C:\Users\1000284172\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.9_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python39\Include\bllipparser'
         cwd: C:\Users\1000284172\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-aik213us\bllipparser_736f2d4697234f66883f283f0d23bdcf\
    Complete output (18 lines):
    running install
    running build
    running build_py
    creating build
    creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.9
    creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.9\bllipparser
    copying python\bllipparser\CharniakParser.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.9\bllipparser
    copying python\bllipparser\JohnsonReranker.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.9\bllipparser
    copying python\bllipparser\ModelFetcher.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.9\bllipparser
    copying python\bllipparser\ParsingShell.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.9\bllipparser
    copying python\bllipparser\RerankerFeatureCorpus.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.9\bllipparser
    copying python\bllipparser\RerankingParser.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.9\bllipparser
    copying python\bllipparser\Utility.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.9\bllipparser
    copying python\bllipparser\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.9\bllipparser
    copying python\bllipparser\__main__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.9\bllipparser
    running build_ext
    building 'bllipparser._CharniakParser' extension
    error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 or greater is required. Get it with "Microsoft C++ Build Tools": https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/visual-cpp-build-tools/
    ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: 'C:\Users\1000284172\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.9_qbz5n2kfra8p0\python.exe' -u -c 'import io, os, sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'C:\\Users\\1000284172\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-aik213us\\bllipparser_736f2d4697234f66883f283f0d23bdcf\\setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'C:\\Users\\1000284172\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-aik213us\\bllipparser_736f2d4697234f66883f283f0d23bdcf\\setup.py'"'"';f = getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__) if os.path.exists(__file__) else io.StringIO('"'"'from setuptools import setup; setup()'"'"');code = f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record 'C:\Users\1000284172\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-record-dvw0bufb\install-record.txt' --single-version-externally-managed --user --prefix= --compile --install-headers 'C:\Users\1000284172\AppData\Local\Packages\PythonSoftwareFoundation.Python.3.9_qbz5n2kfra8p0\LocalCache\local-packages\Python39\Include\bllipparser' Check the logs for full command output.

Is there any issue with the installation method? How do I resolve this?

A: You are missing a compiler as your error states:
error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 or greater is required. Get it with "Microsoft C++ Build Tools": https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/visual-cpp-build-tools/

However, even if you get that fixed, this package is not really compatible with windows, see this github issue. So you are probably better of switching to a different OS or a different package


Photonics plays a crucial role in the life sciences, from biological research to biomedical instrumentation and agriculture. Effective UV disinfection, optimal aquarium illumination and accurate blood oximetry all depend on the performance of the LEDs and lamps used to power these applications.
The success of these applications and laser-based techniques used in ophthalmology, optical coherence tomography, multiphoton fluorescence excitation, DNA sequencing and cytometry all begin with a well-characterized light source. Diode-array spectrometers from Ocean Optics are uniquely positioned to fulfill this role, measuring intensity at all wavelengths simultaneously — even for a single shot of a pulsed light source. In this technical note we discuss general best practices for light source characterization, and factors to consider in choosing the most suitable spectrometer system for each task.
The best light source measurement setup is modeled after the intended application; i.e., try to measure your light source the same way you plan to use it. To illustrate this general rule, consider microscopy, where the light is often delivered to the instrument with a fiber. For a one-time check of the light source, one can simply connect this fiber to the entrance port of the spectrometer. Measuring through the fiber being used in the system is important to account for transmission of the fiber itself. This is particularly true for ultraviolet light sources transmitted via fiber, as solarization of the fiber can reduce the amount of light delivered at wavelengths below 400 nm.
Blood oximetry measurements are another good example. Oximeters use the entire output of an LED to determine the blood oxygen level, so all angles of LED emission should also be captured during characterization — best accomplished using an integrating sphere. Finally, to quantify the illumination at a specific point or distance from a source, as you would when measuring UV index to assess risk of sunburn, a cosine corrector should be used to collect light for delivery to the spectrometer via a fiber. Eliminating the cosine corrector and using just the bare end of a fiber alone can still provide relative information in this application, such as the wavelength of a peak, but the quantitative intensity information is lost.
The important performance parameters for a narrowband light source depend upon the application for which it is used. Wavelength and linewidth of the laser are the most frequently measured parameters. In Raman excitation, any shift in the laser wavelength leads to a corresponding shift in the resulting Raman spectral peaks, and thus unreliable or potentially "blurred" spectra. In flow cytometry, multiple single-wavelength lasers may be used to excite various fluorophores. The detection system then uses complex trains of optical filters to route specific wavelength bands to PMT detectors highly sensitive to residual laser light. In both cases high resolution and wavelength accuracy are of paramount importance for the spectrometer characterizing the laser. This can be achieved through the selection of a narrow slit and long optical bench (as in the HR-series or QE Pro spectrometer), and by using a high groove density grating (i.e., high lines/mm).
Figure 1 shows the spectrum of a narrowband laser recorded with an HR series (high resolution) spectrometer, equipped with a 25 µm slit and an 1800 lines/mm grating to measure the wavelength range 430-560 nm. This configuration results in a spectrometer resolution or FHWM (full width at half maximum) of 0.16 nm. As very little light is needed for this measurement, it might be tempting to simply steer a laser reflection onto the spectrometer entrance slit; however, this will lead to incorrect results. Laser beams are almost perfectly parallel, while spectrometers are designed to image a divergent point source from the entrance slit, via the grating, onto the detector. To avoid this problem, the laser emission shown here was captured with an integrating sphere and delivered to the spectrometer via a 50 µm fiber (to minimize stray light in the spectrometer).
Figure 1: Spectrum of a diode-pumped solid state laser recorded with an integrating sphere, a 50 µm fiber (QP50-2-VIS-NIR) and an HR-series spectrometer equipped with a 25 µm slit and an 1800 lines/mm holographic grating.
The enormous peak powers delivered by short pulse or "ultrafast" lasers have enabled new and exciting applications in biomedical microscopy, not the least of which is multiphoton excited fluorescence, a technique used in neuroscience, immunology and cancer research. This technique provides intrinsic three-dimensional spatial resolution (through the position of the laser focus required to generate nonlinear excitation) with deep penetration (thanks to the near-infrared wavelengths). While a spectrometer cannot measure the pulse length of a Ti:Sapphire or short pulse fiber laser directly, both the coherent bandwidth (used as a measure for the shortest possible pulses) and the center wavelength of the tunable laser are of importance for successful research or diagnostics.
Similarly, emission bandwidth and center wavelength are of most interest when measuring single-wavelength LEDs, typically in the visible or UV range. An LED's center wavelength and wavelength shape can change with drive current or temperature. Figure 2 shows a fiber-coupled 455 nm LED at various drive currents, recorded with an HR-series spectrometer. The relatively broad spectrum of LEDs reduces the resolution requirement for measurement, and thus would allow use of an ultra-compact spectrometer like the STS-VIS with 1.5 nm resolution (FWHM). The slightly larger Flame-VIS spectrometer would offer the flexibility to customize the grating and wavelength range to achieve higher resolution if required.
Figure 2: The output of a single-wavelength LED (LLS-455) at different drive currents, showing a shift of the emission wavelength due to temperature changes in the LED. Spectra were recorded with an integrating sphere, a 50 µm fiber (QP50-2-VIS-NIR) and an HR-series spectrometer equipped with a 25 µm slit and an 1800 lines/mm holographic grating.
The output of tunable short-pulse lasers such as Ti:sapphire lasers often spans the short-wave near infrared (SW-NIR) region up to ~1100 nm, and thus can be measured using a properly configured Flame or HR-series spectrometer. A 600 lines/mm grating, blazed at 1000 nm for highest SW-NIR efficiency, can cover the range 550-1100 nm with a resolution of ~1.3 nm (FWHM) in a Flame bench. Wavelengths above 1.1 µm — for example, from one of the newer Yb:fiber-pumped OPOs — demand a switch from silicon to InGaAs detectors. A NIRQuest spectrometer could be configured to cover the missing tuning range from 1100-1500 nm, with a comparable resolution of ~1.5 nm (FWHM) using a 300 lines/mm grating.
Broadband emitters such as tungsten halogen or xenon lamps are still by far the most common light sources used in life sciences, with new white light LED sources advancing quickly. Optical filters are often used to select a specific wavelength range for illumination or excitation, and thus careful measurements are required to ensure that sufficient power is emitted at the desired wavelengths, while radiation in any harmful or undesirable regions is eliminated. The application defines which spectral regions constitute useful or undesirable. For example, UV disinfection requires sufficient UV output in the germicide region (UVC, below 280 nm) to insure sterility, while in contrast any UV light below 350 nm needs to be blocked for ophthalmic surgery to avoid damage to the eye.
Moving up the rainbow, blue light exposure in the evening, as from smartphone screens or LED lighting, has been associated with restlessness at night due to its effect on the circadian rhythm. Blue light, however, is used as an effective treatment for neonatal jaundice. On the other end of the spectrum, the majority of the output from tungsten halogen bulbs is composed of invisible near-infrared light. High intensity NIR light can cause thermal damage in the retina (the reason why one should not directly stare at the sun) and needs to be eliminated from eye surgery tools.
As one last example, related to indoor farming or aquariums, plants require mainly blue and red light for optimal growth, while any light in the green region is simply reflected, leading to their dominant color. Light sources for plants are therefore rated by their effectiveness for plant growth. This is often given as a measure of the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), the emission in the range from 400-700 nm, or the photosynthetically useful radiation, which also subtracts the green region from 550-620 nm.
Good characterization of a light source for many of these applications also requires absolute irradiance measurements in a certain wavelength region. Spectrometers are ideally suited for this task, as they can be radiometrically calibrated over their entire wavelength range at the factory or by the user using a calibrated lamp. The exact measurement setup to use depends on the application. The emission from an LED is best measured with an integrating sphere, while the illumination at a certain distance from the light source is ideally measured with a cosine corrector at the point of use, as discussed previously. It is crucial that any radiometric calibration be made with the exact setup and accessories to be used in the light source measurement, with the calibrated lamp replacing the source to be characterized. Even seemingly insignificant changes, such as disconnecting and re-connecting the fiber will invalidate an absolute irradiance calibration.
After calibration the spectrometer measures the light in absolute units: the emitted energy per time, area, and wavelength slice. A simple integration over the wavelength region of interest yields the desired quantity — the amount of useful or harmful radiation released from the source. Due to this integration, signal to noise and resolution are of minor importance for the selection of the spectrometer; rather, the analysis requires good linearity, a reproducible "dark" background and reliable wavelength calibration. While even compact spectrometers such as the STS series can fulfill these requirements and are good choices for measuring the absolute irradiance in a certain wavelength range, higher end spectrometers like the Maya2000 Pro or QE Pro feature more linear detectors and will therefore yield slightly more accurate results.
If the absence of radiation in a certain wavelength range needs to be tested for safety or performance reasons, stray light will become the most crucial spectrometer specification, which takes more effort to control. As a simple precaution, input fibers with large core diameters could overfill the first mirror in the spectrometer and should be avoided. Similarly, intense light that is not needed for the measurement is best blocked before entering the spectrometer. However, the selection of spectrometer bench and grating probably has the largest impact on stray light performance. As a rule of thumb, holographic gratings tend to cause less stray light than ruled gratings. In addition, some benches are optimized for low stray light, such as the Maya LSL or the Torus spectrometers, and would be a better choice of spectrometer in these cases.
Figure 3 depicts an example for the blocking of UV light from a high power xenon source, here performed by inserting safety glasses. The instrument of choice was a Deep UV Maya 2000 Pro, which uses a trap for visible light for minimum stray light in the UV. It was configured with an 1800 lines/mm grating and a 5 µm slit for measurement from 160-310 nm. The spectrometer was radiometrically calibrated and the total intensity from 250-310 nm integrated to quantify the remaining emission in the UV range. Also shown is a less careful measurement without blocking any of the visible light (> 400 nm) using a USB2000+-UV-VIS spectrometer, leading to higher stray light and an incorrect result.
Figure 3: Emission from a high-power xenon light source (red) with the UV portion blocked for eye safety (black). A measurement preformed without first removing visible light (> 400 nm) leads to significant stray light contributions and an incorrect result (blue).
Spectrometers are an excellent tool for rapid light source characterization in the life sciences. Due to their flexibility in configuring wavelength resolution and range, modular spectrometers are especially suited to determine the center wavelength of lasers or LEDs, to measure the bandwidth of the emission, and to quantify broadband lamp irradiance in specific wavelength regions for performance or safety.


The 12-lead ECG shown in Figure-1 was obtained from a 50-year old man with chest discomfort.
Are the findings seen suggestive of Early Repolarization — or something else?
Figure-1: 12-lead ECG obtained from a 50-year old man with chest discomfort. NOTE — Enlarge by clicking on Figures — Right-Click to open in a separate window.
ANSWERS: Assessment of the ECG shown in Figure-1 in view of the limited history provided (ie, a middle-aged man with chest discomfort) — is indeed a challenging task. Practically speaking — a definitive answer to the question of whether the ECG picture in Figure-1 represents a normal repolarization variant vs early anterior STEMI (ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction) is not forthcoming from interpretation of this single tracing.
Our Interpretation of Figure-1: The rhythm is sinus — with slight variability in rate (sinus arrhythmia). All intervals and the mean QRS axis are normal. Although QRS amplitudes are somewhat difficult to discern in some of the chest leads (due to overlap of complexes) — there does not appear to be ECG evidence for chamber enlargement (the R wave amplitude in V5 = 21mm + the 9mm S wave in V2 fall shy of the required 35mm threshold for LVH).
Superficial Assessment of Q-R-S-T Changes: There are no Q waves. Transition occurs normally between V3-to-V4. There is no more than minimal ST elevation in leads I and V2. All T waves are upright (except in aVR) — and there appears to be no obvious ST depression. The shape of the upsloping segment of T waves in leads V2-thru-V6 is concave up (ie, "smiley"-configuration).
More Discriminating Assessment of Q-R-S-T Changes: The patient is a 50-year old man with chest discomfort. This fact alone calls for far greater scrutiny in assessing Q-R-S-T changes than would be the case if the patient was asymptomatic. Although Q waves are absent and transition occurs normally between V3-to-V4 (since the R wave in V4 appears slightly taller than the S wave is deep) — r wave amplitude is decidedly reduced in V1,V2,V3. In this context — the T waves seen in leads V2,V3 appear to be disproportionately tall and peaked, with a rounder (fatter) T wave peak in V2 than should-be-expected given the relatively low amplitude rS complex in this lead. Closer scrutiny of the limb leads reveals that they are not completely "normal" as was initially suggested by superficial assessment. Instead, the ST segments in leads III and aVF appear flattened (despite the presence of upright T waves in these leads) — and the subtle-but-real 0.5mm J-point ST elevation in lead I might in fact be relevant.
KEY POINTS: It is OK not to be certain about the clinical significance of a single ECG. This happens often. Awareness that early on, an acute STEMI (especially when anterior in location) — may be difficult to recognize is essential. More discriminating ECG assessment is needed in such cases. Reduced anterior r wave amplitude with taller-than-expected anterior T waves (especially if peaked T waves look broader than-they-should-be) should prompt more careful assessment of limb leads for subtle abnormalities. The finding of a longer-than-expected (albeit not necessarily prolonged) QT interval would add support to the possibility of an acute event. But even if meticulous ECG assessment does not suggest clear abnormalities — a patient with potentially worrisome symptoms of new cardiac onset should not be sent home until the provider can attain a comfort level that nothing acute is evolving.
WHAT To DO: In addition to obtaining a more complete history and performing a careful physical exam — 3 interventions may be extremely helpful: i) Looking to see if prior ECGs are available for comparison (transmission from a distance being expedited if necessary by smart phone messaging); ii) Repeating the ECG as needed (since an acute evolving event may produce significant ECG changes in a surprisingly short period of time); and iii) Performing ECHO at the bedside (normal LV function in a patient with chest pain is reassuring — whereas localized wall motion abnormality suggests an acute event).
WHAT Happened: The ECG in Figure-2 was obtained just 8 minutes after the Figure-1 ECG. Is the diagnosis now more clear?
Figure-2: Follow-up ECG obtained 8 minutes after the ECG shown in Figure-1.
Interpretation of Figure-2: We doubt anyone would have predicted how emphatically the original ECG from Figure-1 has changed in as short a time period as 8 minutes!
Sinus rhythm persists in Figure-2. There is now dramatic (>5mm) ST elevation in leads V2,V3 — with a lesser (but still very significant) degree of ST elevation in leads I,aVL and V4,5,6. Increased T wave amplitude and peaking is evident in leads V2-thru-V6, with hyperacute ST-T waves in virtually all of the leads with ST elevation. Small-but-real q waves now appear to be present at least in leads I, aVL and V6. In addition — there is now marked reciprocal ST depression in leads III and aVF. The combination of findings are strongly suggestive of acute LAD (Left Anterior Descending coronary artery) occlusion.
There are now small-but-real new lateral q waves. In addition — the rSR' complex seen in leads V2,V3 (just before onset of the marked J-point ST elevation in these leads) — probably serves as a "Q-wave equivalent" given slight-but-real loss of r wave from V1-to-V2 and obvious large ongoing acute anterior infarction.
The subtle ST elevation in lead I and ST flattening in leads III,aVF from Figure-1 were indeed real findings that came before the obvious evolution of ST-T wave changes that are seen in these same leads in Figure-2.
P.S. — While one may debate the pros and cons of routine high-sensitivity troponin assessment for all comers with chest discomfort — dependence on a first early troponin assay (with the term "early" referring to the time of the blood draw with respect to the time of symptom onset) — regardless of what the troponin result turns out to be (positive or negative) is unlikely to: i) Completely rule out the possibility of an early acute event (since early on, there may be false negatives … ); or ii) Be the deciding factor for determining whether or not the interventionist should perform immediate cardiac catheterization. Our bias is therefore that other factors (ie, clinical history and exam; initial and serial ECGs; stat Echo) are more important than the initial troponin value for determining whether a patient like the one in this case has an acute coronary occlusion likely to benefit from acute reperfusion therapy.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT: My thanks to Haris Skrbo (of Capjlina in Bosnia & Herzegovina) for allowing me to reproduce this tracing and clinical case.
How would you interpret the 12-lead ECG in Figure-1? This tracing was obtained from a previously healthy middle-aged woman who presented with back pain over the previous month.
Does her ECG provide any clue to the etiology of her symptoms?
HINT: Can you explain why the QRS complex in lead aVR shows global positivity (ie, positive P wave, QRS complex and T wave)?
Figure-1: 12-lead ECG obtained from a middle-aged woman with back pain over the past month. NOTE — Enlarge by clicking on Figures — Right-Click to open in a separate window.
ANSWER: The ECG in Figure-1 provides no clue to the etiology of this patient's symptoms. The reason the P wave, QRS complex and T wave are all positive in aVR, is that instead of the usual 12-lead format (that interpreters in the United States are accustomed to) — the Cabrera format has been used instead.
12-lead ECGs that are recorded in the United States typically display simultaneous recording of 4 sets of 3 leads (leads I,II,III; aVR,aVL,aVF; V1,2,3; and V4,5,6). One or more long lead rhythm strips are typically displayed immediately below the 12-lead. In contrast — Note that a simultaneously-recorded long lead rhythm strip for each of the 12-leads is displayed in Figure-1 — and, that the vertical sequence used for the limb leads is markedly different from the usual format. That is, rather than lead I — the first lead displayed is lead aVL.
Note that a minus sign appears before the designation aVR (ie, -aVR). The reason for global positivity is that the polarity of lead aVR has been reversed. As a result — the mirror image picture (ie, global positivity rather than negativity) is displayed for –aVR.
Our Interpretation of Figure-1: Unfortunately, there is some distortion of this 12-lead tracing, arising from the fact that this figure represents a smart phone photograph rather than a flat scan of the ECG. In addition, there is some baseline drift movement; interference artifact (the thick, vertical geometric lines most prominently seen in lead V1, with finer baseline undulations perhaps due to muscle contraction in several other leads); and other motion or improper skin-electrode contact artifact (seen best at various points in the long lead V2 rhythm strip). That said — the overall quality of this tracing is sufficient for appropriate interpretation.
The rhythm is sinus at about 80/minute. The PR, QRS and QT intervals are normal. The axis is leftward, but not enough to qualify as LAHB (Left Anterior HemiBlock) — since the QRS complex in the long lead II is not consistently more negative than positive. There is no chamber enlargement.
Regarding Q-R-S-T Changes — a small q wave is seen in lead aVL; Transition may be slightly delayed (the R wave only becomes consistently more positive than the S wave is deep between V3-to-V5) — but there are no more than minimal nonspecific ST-T wave abnormalities (slight flattening in several leads) that do not at all appear acute. Thus, we find no explanation for this patient's symptoms from her ECG that is shown in Figure-1.
Electrocardiography has long been recognized as an essential diagnostic tool used across the world. While a similar display format (with no more than minor variation) is used for ECG recording throughout the United States — variations in format are used in many countries. Since many U.S. clinicians only rarely (if ever) see ECG recording formats that differ significantly from their own — these clinicians may fail to recognize other formats. Given the exponentially increasing use of the internet for international medical correspondence (with now literally scores of international Facebook ECG forums) — plus ever expanding daily use of smart phone photographs for rapid remote consultation with experts regarding problematic ECGs — the clinical reality is that virtually all clinicians will from time-to-time encounter ECG formats that differ from the format they are most accustomed to. This clinical reality is my purpose for presenting this ECG Blog post.
Illustration of the principal features of the Cabrera format is seen in Figure-2 — in which we highlight the vertical lead orientation (with blue and red rectangles) — and insert the Cabrera axis system in the upper righthand corner of the tracing. Note that vertical limb lead display begins with lead aVL — employs reversed polarity for aVR (within the blue rectangle) — and that each of the 6 limb leads are separated by the equal increment of 30 degrees in the frontal plane. Thus, lead –aVR is situated at a frontal plane angle corresponding to +30 degrees (in between lead I at 0 degrees — and lead II at +60 degrees).
Figure-2: The 12-lead ECG from Figure-1 has been labeled, highlighting features of the Cabrera format. Note vertical limb lead sequencing begins with lead aVL — and that reversed polarity is used for aVR, with lead –aVR being situated in between leads I and II at +30 degrees (within the blue rectangle).
Although first description of the sequential limb lead format shown in Figure-2 was made by Fumagalli (in 1949) — development of this format is attributed to Cabrera. The Cabrera sequential lead system for ECG recording has been in general use in Sweden since 1977, with current use in several other countries.
In many ways, the Cabrera format offers a much more logical display of limb lead sequencing. As opposed to the traditional U.S. format (in which limb leads are grouped into standard leads I,II,III and augmented leads aVR,L,F) — there is gradually progressive (equally spaced) sequencing with the Cabrera format from lead aVL (at -30 degrees) to lead III (at +120 degrees).
Using the Cabrera format enhances the clinical utility of aVR by effectively adding lead –aVR as a transition lead between lateral and inferior frontal plane location. This allows greater specificity of the extent of high lateral and inferior ischemia or infarction. It also simplifies both axis and ST-T wave vector calculation in the frontal plane — since no more than a glance at the 6 sequential Cabrera leads is now needed for instant determination of which lead(s) manifests greatest net QRS and/or ST-T wave deflection.
Finally, comparison with serial tracings in a given patient is easier — because sequential limb lead display makes serial variation in Q wave presence, QRS amplitude, and ST-T wave displacements much more evident as to what represents probable "real change" in patient status vs serial alteration in ECG waveforms primarily due to a difference in lead placement.
Despite the above potential advantages of more logical sequential lead placement — the Cabrera format seems unlikely to replace the non-sequential traditional U.S. format, at least for the immediate future. Old established habits are difficult to break ... — even when a newer approach seems technically easy to implement and clinically advantageous.
As a result — it is important for clinicians to be aware that their particular system of lead system recording is not universally used across the globe.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT: My thanks to Alexandru Radulian (of Bucharest, Romania) for allowing me to reproduce this tracing and use this clinical case.
Dower et al: Limb Leads of the ECG: Sequencing Revisited: Clin Cardiol 13:346-348, 1990.
The 360 Degree Heart (Part I ) — by Vince DiGiulio — which illustrates (and emphasizes) the viewpoint of the flip (negative) image for the 6 frontal plane leads.


What do you do when you have everything to lose? Be Fierce!
We all go to conferences, attend meetups, read books, and subscribe to blogs. Everyday we hear new ideas but how many do we actually act on?
When you are thrown in the deep end of the pool and you don't know how to swim – it can be a scary time. As a leader, it can be easy to try a radical new idea especially when you feel you have nothing to lose. But what if you have everything to lose? Fear can be paralyzing. It is the Fierce leader that 'steps into the arena and dares to be different'.
Attend this keynote to explore how Fierce leaders can survive and thrive by letting go of everything they think they have to lose and taking a radical leap into the unknown – with or without a net!
Attend this keynote to explore how Fierce leaders can survive and thrive by letting go of everything they think they have to lose and taking a radical leap into the unknown - with or without a net!


Eagle Lake Estates Is A Florida Style Home Community In St James City That Is Surrounded By Preserves & Farmlands. This Community Includes A Beautiful 4-Acre Lake Providing Privacy And Tranquility. The Development Is Also Centrally Located Providing Access To Many Boat Launches, Marinas And Local Eateries. Check out This Unique Opportunity Suited For Those Wanting To Escape To Florida Living.
1/2 acre lot in desirable area of Alaska Streets. City water and power in place. Near Pine Island Center, Near boat ramp on Maria Drive.


GPs have helped cut the need for dialysis among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) through earlier diagnosis over the last decade, but greater use of annual urine testing and accurate read coding could boost progress further, according to a clinical audit.
Earlier diagnosis of CKD has helped cut the number of patients starting dialysis from one in three to less than one in five over the past decade thanks to efforts from primary care, a report has found.
But results from the CKD audit, the first of its kind, suggest there is wide variation in diagnostic testing of CKD across practices, with urine testing in particular being underused.
Annual monitoring is required to manage most cases and identify patients at risk of developing kidney disease. NICE recommends that this should include both blood tests for eGFR and urinary testing for albumin to creatinine ratio.
The audit, compiled with data from 911 practices in England and Wales, found that some 86% of GPs conducted annual blood tests with patients, while 54% did urine tests.
Experts suggested this could be because patients do not understand what the test is for, find the process more awkward or that it is an extra step in the annual check-up that is easy to miss without a small amount of pre-planning.
The audit also recommends more effective use of read coding for CKD to ensure they are monitored and given appropriate advice, after finding that a third (30%) of patients with biochemical evidence of the condition were not recorded.
The proportion of un-coded patients ranged from 0% to 80% across different practices .
CKD affects around one in 20 adults, particularly older adults or patients with diabetes and high BP.
Many patients do not experience symptoms until the very advanced stages, with some going on to develop cardiovascular disease or acute kidney injury.
Dr Richard Fluck, former national clinical director (renal) at NHS England, said: 'Chronic kidney disease is important and whilst we have made significant progress in diagnosis and treatment over the last decade there is still unmet need in care.
'Historically, CKD was often not diagnosed in a timely way, reducing options to slow disease progression and prepare people for the possibility of kidney failure. This occurred in about one in three people starting dialysis over a decade ago and is now less than one in five.
Fiona Loud, policy director at the British Kidney Patient Association, said: 'By calling attention to current practice patterns and offering practical evidence and guideline-based recommendations for improvement, the report is encouraging as it shows it's possible to improve in a short space of time.
The report was commissioned by the Healthcare Quality Improvement Partnership (HQIP) as part of the National Clinical Audit (NCA) programme.


The balloon and streamers made an awesome backdrop for a dr seuss baby shower. The balloon and streamers made an awesome backdrop for a dr seuss baby shower. . Visit. Discover ideas about 5th Grade Graduation... Makes 5 balloon streamers. Basic Summary: To make these streamers, all of the foil, tissue paper, trimmings, etc. are tied to a metal key ring that is then secured to the base of a 36″ balloon. To do this, start by tying a string to the key ring and hanging it from the ceiling.
Makes 5 balloon streamers. Basic Summary: To make these streamers, all of the foil, tissue paper, trimmings, etc. are tied to a metal key ring that is then secured to the base of a 36″ balloon. To do this, start by tying a string to the key ring and hanging it from the ceiling.... This stylish backdrop is made from simply hanging Crepe streamers mixed with gold ribbon. These gorgeous flowers are so simple to make (link to tutorial at bottom of page) This ceiling canopy transforms this church and creates a real carnival vibe.
And now the steps to making a kickass balloon cloud for the unicorn party backdrop: Blow up the balloons to be different sizes (I found 1 breathe, 2 breathes, and 3 breathes were the perfect sizes – if you're blowing them up without a balloon pump).
This stylish backdrop is made from simply hanging Crepe streamers mixed with gold ribbon. These gorgeous flowers are so simple to make (link to tutorial at bottom of page) This ceiling canopy transforms this church and creates a real carnival vibe.


This beautiful Aspen Burl Votive Candle Holder is elegantly shaped in my contemporary style of pure classic form. It is an artwork that will bring the joy of candle light into your life!
I have turned this piece on a lathe from a carefully selected piece of Aspen Burl wood with gorgeous wood grain figure, and polished the finished piece to a warm soft sheen. A hand rubbed oil finish gives protection, with a close-to-the-wood look (not a plastic coating) that lets the natural beauty of the burl shine! The finish on this piece is water resistant, and will keep its beauty for many years! To care for the wood, please wipe off any water, and avoid direct sunlight or temperature extremes.
This Aspen Burl Votive Candle Holder is about 4.8" in diameter and 3.5" tall, including the candle.
Aspen is a very common tree in my home state of Colorado. In the autumn, our Aspen trees turn a fabulous bright gold, contrasting with the dark Evergreens in the forest.
Though the wood is plentiful, Aspen trees very seldom make burls. Aspen Burl Wood is a rare and beautiful Colorado treasure!
I am pleased to include with this Aspen Burl Votive Candle Holder, a high quality, hand poured, scented Kitchen Candle, made here in Colorado by Magic Fairy Candles. The glass cup can be used for a standard Votive Candle when the Magic Fairy Candle is used up.
If you are into choices, I can get a different scent of Magic Fairy Candle for you. Please visit their website www.magicfairycandles.com for a list of scents that they make, and more information about their candles.
Shipping cost is to 48 US states only. Please contact me for the cost of shipping to anywhere else.
Decision Maker - For Mom!


text:
De Grand Prix-wegrace van San Marino 2009 was de dertiende race van het wereldkampioenschap wegrace-seizoen 2009. De race werd verreden op 6 september 2009 op het Misano World Circuit nabij Misano Adriatico, Italië.

Uitslag

MotoGP

250 cc

125 cc

Tussenstand na wedstrijd

MotoGP

250 cc

125 cc

2009
San Marino

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
References: E
Eagar, R. M. C. and Preece, R. (1977) Collectoring and Collections of Note. 14: the Manchester Museum; GCG New letter, 2(1), pp.12-40
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Eberle, Jaelyn et. al. (2001) A new marine fauna from the Late Cretaceous of Devon Island, Nunavut Territory, Canadian Arctic Archipelago; PaleoBios, 21(2, Suppl.), pp.47
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Edinger, Tilly ((date unknown)) Uer eine pachyostotishce Rippe aus der kreide Rugen;
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Ekrt, Boris et. al. (2001) Short note on new records of late Turonian (Upper Cretaceous) marine reptile remains from the Upohlavy Quarry; NW Bohemia, Czech Republic; Bulletin of Geosciences (Praha), 76(2), pp.101--106
England, Bryan (2003) Late Cretaceous marine vertebrates from the Pee Dee River valley, Florence County, South Carolina; Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 23(3, Suppl.), pp.48
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Ensom, P. C. (1989) Plesiosaurus sp from the Middle Lias of the Dorset Coast; Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeology Society, 110, pp.167
Etches, Steve and Clarke, Jane B (1999) Catalogue of the Steve Etches collection; published privately,
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Etheridge, R. (1917) Megalania prisca, Owen, and Notiosaurus dentatus, Owen; Lacertilian dermal armour; Opalized remains from Lighting Ridge; Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 29, (N.S.)(Part II), pp.127-133
Evans, Mark (1993) An Investigation Into the Neck Flexibility of Two Plesiosauroid Plesiosaurs: Cryptoclidus eurymerus and Muraenosaurus leedsii London. Evans, M. 1999.; , pp.63 + 12
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Evans, Mark (1999) A new reconstruction of the skull of the Callovian elasmosaurid plesiosaur Muraenosaurus leedsii Seeley; Mercian Geologist, 14(4), pp.191-196
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Evans, Mark (2012) A new genus of plesiosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Pliensbachian (Early Jurassic) of England, and a phylogeny of the Plesiosauria; PhD, pp.397
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The Vet Know How team know that summer can be one of the most enjoyable times of the year for everyone, especially here in the UK as we are currently enjoying the hot weather that the season brings. However, the hot weather can catch a lot of people out and care needs to be taken not just for ourselves, but also for our most precious family members – our pets.
To ensure our pets' safety in the sun, so you can have a summer packed with fun and great days outdoors, make sure you follow our summer pet care guide; how to spot the key signs of too much sun on the skin (sunburn), contributing factors to heat exhaustion in our animals and common outdoor bbq foods that are bad for our pets. These pet summer safety tips have been created to make sure you keep your pets safe and comfortable while enjoying some quality time with them in the hot weather.
We have structured the guide so that is is easy to follow by clicking on the headings below which will take you to the section of the article you want to read (rather than scroll the entire post).
Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) sunlight poses the same risks to skin cells in dogs and cats as it does to humans. This over exposure can cause sunburn for your dog or cat. Although the majority of dogs and cats are covered by protective fur, light coloured and fine/short coated cats and dogs are particularly at risk of sunburn. Many cats suffer sunburnt ears and noses especially if they have light coloured tips to their ears and nose. This type of sunburn in cats can cause a condition called 'solar dermatitis' which can in some cases progress to a type of malignant skin cancer called 'squamous cell carcinoma'. Unfortunately, the PDSA has reported seeing over 30 cases of skin cancer in pets in the last years with the majority being associated with sunburn in cats and dogs so it is very important that you pay attention to your pet's safety this summer.
Try to avoid letting your pets go outside when the sun is at its hottest between 11am to 3pm and use sun block (or sunscreen) on dogs and cats on the areas that are most likely to burn – the tips of the ears and nose. For some furless breeds such as the Sphynx cat and Chinese Crested dog, sun cream alone is not enough to protect them against burning, the best sun protection for dogs and cats in these breeds would be to provide them with plenty of shade and supervised at all times when outdoors. Occasionally a light t-shirt or something to cover them up may also be necessary. Human sun creams containing chemicals such as zinc oxide can be toxic to dogs as well as cats, who are fastidious groomers, so a pet safe dog and cat sunscreen/cream is recommended and readily available online and in pet shops.
The tell-tale signs that your dog has heat stroke is they will appear uncoordinated and may appear to stagger, become very weak and/or collapse.
Early signs of solar dermatitis in dogs and cats are the affected areas becoming inflamed with the skin appearing pink and scaly with some hair loss in canine and cat species. As the condition progresses these areas become crusted, ulcerated and painful. Due to discomfort cats often appear irritated by the ears and shake their head or try to scratch the area, so bleeding is not uncommon.
If your pet dog or cat suffers from sunburn please seek veterinary advice! Like humans, there are degrees of treatment required depending on the severity and how deep the burn is that the skin has sustained. If the skin is raw and has blistered then wound cleaning, pain relief and topical ointments may be required. For more severe burns, specialised dressings, fluids and antibiotics may be warranted. Rubbing ice over the damaged skin is not recommended as it has been shown to delay healing and can cause further damage. If your vet is concerned about signs of skin cancer in your pet, they will recommend performing a biopsy to get a diagnosis. If it's confirmed that your pet has developed skin cancer, then the treatment of choice normally is to remove the cancerous area surgically as soon as possible. The most common procedure is for the ear tips of cats to be removed in what's known as a partial pinnectomy. Surgical removal like this is often curative if caught early and although it alters their appearance, it usually causes no long term issues.
The next part of our pet safety tips covers a major issue with the hot weather - heat strokes and exhaustion in our pets. With the temperatures now soaring in our mini summer heat wave, everyone will be keen to get out and make the most of enjoying the outdoors. It's really important though to remember that even fit and healthy animals can easily overheat in this weather. We are able to lose heat through sweating but animals are less efficient at cooling themselves, as they are covered in fur and only have sweat glands on their nose and feet, and dogs in particular rely on panting to cool down. Naturally, overweight pets and long or thick coated pets are at greater risk of heat stroke, as they are more heavily insulated. Short nosed dogs such as Pugs and Bull dogs that have difficulty breathing are also in extreme danger of developing heat stroke very quickly, as they are less efficient at losing heat through panting.
So please remember if you feel hot, imagine what it must be like under a thick coat of fur!
Heat stroke in dogs is more common than in cats and owners should look out for the following signs initially – fast and heavier panting, signs of agitation (barking, whimpering, unsettled), excessive drooling, thirst. As the condition progresses, the heart rate and pulse will increase and dark red lips, gums or tongue can be seen. The tell-tale signs that your dog has heat stroke is they will appear uncoordinated and may appear to stagger, become very weak and/or collapse. In very severe cases seizures can develop and/or the animal will lose consciousness. Detecting heat stroke signs early in your dog and seeking treatment immediately is critical to the animal's survival. Sadly, if left untreated for even a short period of time, heat stroke can be fatal with the excessive heat causing severe permanent organ damage and even so far as multi organ failure for which there is no cure. In cats, although less common, the symptoms for heat exhaustion and strokes are similar and include a red tongue and gums, rapid breathing, vomiting, lethargy and staggering or stumbling when walking.
Consider with single coated dogs (for example, Poodles and Bichons) cutting the coat shorter during the hotter months, however never shave them due to the risk of sunburn. With double coated dogs such as Pomeranians or Huskies the thick under-coat should be kept well-groomed and mat free, so the cool air can circulate between the top coat and skin. Try to walk your dog early in the morning or late evening when it's coolest. Take plenty of water with you for your dog to drink and try places such as shaded woodland or walks on the beach where paddling in the water can help them cool down. Any play time for dogs should also be at a cooler time of day and ensuring they have plenty of breaks so they don't play 'too hard'. To keep them cool at home, make sure they have access to a shaded area and have plenty of cool water (you can add ice cubes but make sure it's not too many as it has to be comfortable to drink). Spraying dogs with water or hosing them down with cool water will help and some dogs even like a paddling pool in the garden. You can now purchase 'cool coats' and cooling mats for them to lie on, which can help make your dog feel more comfortable.
To prevent heatstroke in your dog and cats avoid keeping your pets locked in hot areas of the house or car. Remember that greenhouses, conservatories and hot cars can all heat up very quickly. Cats in particular may sneak into a greenhouse, but they must have access to get out if the temperature gets too high. For dog safety in cars, it's important not to leave them in the car on warm days, even with the windows open and try to avoid long journeys. If it's not essential they come with you, it's generally safer to leave them at home. According to the RSPCA, when the outside air temperature is just 22 degrees, in just an hour your car can reach an unbearable 47 degrees C inside – that's over 116 degrees F.
It is much better to prevent heat stroke in your dog or cat than treat it once the signs develop, so getting practiced at taking your dog's temperature is a good way of monitoring how cool your dog is staying. Your dog's temperature should be 38-39.2 Celsius, if your dog's temperature is 40 or above you should seek immediate veterinary treatment.
It is essential for pet safety and care of duty to remove them out of the hot environment as soon as possible and contact your vet. Offer small amounts of cool water to drink little and often and try to bring their body temperature down carefully by wetting them with cool not cold water (a rapid reduction in body temperature is dangerous, so using cold water is not recommended). Use the cool water to wet them all over, in particular their non-haired areas such as the groin, belly and ears as these areas will cool faster and increase air flow by using a fan. Cover them with a damp towel and place them in front of a fan or open window and get them to a vets as soon as possible. Once at the vets, treatment will usually involve continuing to reduce body temperature (if it's still above normal), replacing lost fluids and minerals then monitoring for shock or other complications such as kidney failure. Unfortunately, once clinical signs have developed, a pet's prognosis is poor and they will need several days of intensive care if they are to recover.
Everyone loves a good BBQ during the summer months come rain or shine, but barbeque food, although very appealing to both our feline and canine friends can pose many risks. There are certain 'bad' foods for dogs and we need to know what we can and cannot feed them to ensure their safety this summer.
Hot food straight off the BBQ smells irresistible, but can result in burns to your pet's mouth and stomach ulcers.
If accidentally eaten, bones and skewers can puncture the digestive tract resulting in potentially life threatening infections such as peritonitis or serious oesophageal disorders. In these situations, emergency surgery to repair the damage is required, but unfortunately even after surgery there is a high chance they still might not recover. To avoid accidents such as this, it's a good idea to make sure the BBQ is supervised at all times, or keep your pets locked safely indoors. For those sharp objects, keep a small pet-proof container handy, with a lid to store cooked bones and skewers after your family or guests have finished eating.
Another less obvious problem is corn on the cob. If your pet has eaten a corn on the cob and is lucky, the cob may pass straight through the digestive system. However, corn on the cobs are not broken down by the digestive system and if they get stuck they can cause an obstruction in the intestines.
Symptoms for intestinal damage or intestinal blockage are similar. Signs are wide ranging and can include vomiting or heaving (but not bringing anything up), vomiting after drinking water, straining to pass a stool or diarrhoea, restlessness, not eating, painful abdomen, whimpering/whining, weakness, depression and lethargy. If you suspect your dog or cat has eaten anything that could cause a problem, you should seek veterinary advice immediately and if displaying any signs of being unwell get them examined.
Excessive consumption of high fat foods can trigger inflammation of the pancreas, a very painful condition that requires veterinary attention. Animals often present symptoms with persistent vomiting, abdominal pain, depression and or diarrhoea.
For most dogs the temptation of food is huge, let alone it being waived about at nose level. Children eating tasty, delicious smelling food in accessible range may provoke unwanted behaviour in some dogs such as food guarding and stealing. Additionally, if guests bring new or unfamiliar dogs this can cause further problems between pets and with children who are not used to them. Therefore, for child safety, dogs should be supervised at all times and children advised not to approach unfamiliar pets.
LET YOUR PET RELAX ELSEWHERE.
If you decide to keep your pet indoors for safety reasons, you can always give them something tasty and fun to keep them entertained. A rubber chew toy with a hollow centre filled with soft food or even dry food (soaked in water and mashed up) can be a great treat. Or why not give them a healthy treat with our little stars to reward them for their good behaviour. On exceptionally hot days you could even try freezing the toy and its contents the night before so that the food inside takes longer to eat.
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