text:
I was not tortured, but the behavior was deplorable, Fawad Chaudhry | Pro IQRA News
ISLAMABAD (Quadrat Daily) Senior PTI leader and former federal minister Fawad Chaudhry has said that I was not tortured, but the behavior was deplorable. He said that when my brother protested my arrest, he was arrested and tortured. Imran Khan may also be arrested now. During the hearing of the case related to threats against Election Commission members and their families, Fawad Chaudhry addressed private television in the courtroom and said that I don't know who arrested them, possibly Imran Khan should also be arrested.
When asked if the opposition was targeted for political revenge during his tenure, Rana Sanaullah is a case in point.
Fawad Chaudhry responded and said what should be done is what happened, but it happened tragically. It should be noted that Lahore High Court rejected Fawad Chaudhary's request for recovery, Lahore High Court Justice Tariq Salim Shaikh said in the judgment that this case was a case of wrongful imprisonment earlier and not now because now FIR has been presented in the court, now it is Custody is not illegal.
According to media reports, Justice Tariq Saleem Sheikh of the Lahore High Court has announced the decision to reject Fawad Chaudhary's demand for recovery. Justice Tariq Saleem Shaikh had said in the judgment that the case before me is one of habeas corpus, but now that the FIR has been presented in the court, how can it be called habeas corpus? This case was earlier a case of habeas corpus but not now for now FIR has been presented in court.
Now this detention is not illegal. On the other hand, Farrukh Habib, the central leader of Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf has said that instead of presenting Fawad Chaudhary in Lahore High Court, he was paraded in the street, fulfill this hobby, Pakistan's interest cannot be negotiated, the voice of Imran Khan and his colleagues. Cannot be closed. Talking to the media at Zaman Park, he said that at 12 o'clock Lahore High Court ordered to produce Fawad Chaudhary, then Lahore High Court ordered to produce him at 3 o'clock, but the police did not produce Fawad Chaudhary in the court, only presented in Cantt Kachhari and then paraded in the streets of Lahore, Fawad Chaudhary was paraded in the streets instead of being presented in the Lahore High Court. The sound cannot be turned off.
He said that human rights have been abolished in Pakistan, and the rule of law has ended in Pakistan? Justice Attabandial is respected by us, notice should be taken. According to the news agency, Farrukh Habib earlier tried to stop the vehicle that was taking the arrested leader Fawad Chaudhry to Islamabad at the customs point in Lahore.
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Trèves Hotels
Search for hotels in Trèves
See Trèves hotels on a map
Where to stay in Trèves
What's Trèves Like?
If you're looking for a place to get away, look no further than Trèves. Whether you're planning to stay for a night or for the week, the area around Trèves has accommodations to fit every need. Search for hotels in Trèves with Hotels.com by checking our online map. Our map displays the areas and neighborhoods around all Trèves hotels so you can see how close you are from landmarks and attractions, and then refine your search within the larger area. The best Trèves hotel deals are here with our lowest price guarantee.
Where are the Best Places to Stay in Trèves?
Below are the number of accommodations by star rating in Trèves and the surrounding area:
• 121 3-star accommodations from SGD 74 per night
How to Get to Trèves
Flights to Trèves
• Saint-Etienne (EBU-Saint-Etienne - Loire Intl.), 19.1 mi (30.8 km) from central Trèves
• Lyon (LYS-Saint-Exupery), 22.5 mi (36.3 km) from central Trèves
Things to See and Do in Trèves
Things to See near Trèves:
• Pilat Regional Natural Park (10.7 mi/17.2 km from the city center)
• Temple d'Auguste et de Livie (9 mi/14.5 km from the city center)
• Theatre Antique (9.2 mi/14.8 km from the city center)
• Parc Naturel Régional du Pilat (8.1 mi/13 km from the city center)
• Base de Loisirs Condrieu-les-Roches (6.9 mi/11 km from the city center)
Things to Do near Trèves:
• Domaine George Vernay (6.2 mi/10 km from the city center)
• Zoological Area Saint-Martin La Plaine (5.2 mi/8.4 km from the city center)
• E. Guigal (6.9 mi/11 km from the city center)
• Musee de la Draperie (8.7 mi/13.9 km from the city center)
• Musee Archeologique Saint-Pierre (8.8 mi/14.2 km from the city center)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Are you an avid online buyer looking forward to saving money on Faucet.com's products and services when shopping online? Well Your look no more. All the latest Faucet.com Promo Codes, Vouchers, Coupon Codes and Faucet.com deals are available on GetBestStuff. If you are like everyone else and wants to save some cash on Faucet.com's goods and services, you have come to the right place. They have been offering a lot of promo codes and vouchers on many occasions and fortunately, some of these promos last for months. If you are lucky, you could save upto 23% on their products. Just make sure that the deal/promo code which you are going to use is still valid at the time of purchase and you won't be disappointed.
The latest coupon for Faucet.com was used less than 47 hours ago. The purchase went successfully and the buyer was able to obtain a discount by using a promo code from our site.
There is an whopping 93% success rate on coupons for this store. We keep track of most of the coupon codes that our users use by co-ordinating with the store. We have found that in case of Faucet.com, most of the failures encountered while redeeming the coupons generally result from visitors trying to redeem an old and stale promo code. If you are unsure about whether the coupon code would work or not, just make sure to check the "[date on which the promo expires", "deal expiry date"] right underneath the deal info section. But customers have found that 90% of the time, the coupons work fine even if it says its already expired.
Using these deals is very easy. Simply click on the GET DEAL link here on this page or on any other listing page such as the homepage or the category page where Faucet.com's vouchers appears and you will be taken to the deal page with more information on the same. If its a coupon, you will see the red colored GET CODE button right away which you can click to see the promo code and apply it on Faucet.com's payment page. It should be noted that the field to enter the promodiscountcoupon code will not appear on the product page itself when you are shopping, you will only see it after you proceed towards payment. If you are aware of any coupons or deals for Faucet.com that you would like to share with us, don't hesitate to do so by emailing us to the address given on our contact page.
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Architects ACME were commissioned by Hammerson to design the Victoria Gate Shopping Centre in the centre of Leeds, using a novel design in keeping with the style of old-fashioned Victorian arcades of the past, whilst incorporating a modern and vibrant feel. The shopping centre is anchored by John Lewis and has a dynamic, high quality feel throughout.
The interior of the shopping centre has a roof of latticed steel and glass, designed to flood the space with natural light. However, there is a large area of the ceiling that has no access to natural light. In order to uphold the design concept, a ceiling of light was designed which required bespoke, dimmable luminaires to be fitted within the lattice steel sections.
The client had two major concerns about the installation. Not only did the ceiling design leave very limited working space behind the luminaires for installing the LED drivers, but the installation of the luminaires 20m above a marble floor posed a potentially hazardous and very costly headache for commissioning and any future maintenance of the fixtures and electronic control gear.
The "Ceiling of Light" effect would only work visually if all of the luminaires remained illuminated simultaneously. Any fault in the lighting would seriously compromise the design and the potential cost of hiring equipment to reach the ceiling out of normal hours post commissioning would be extortionate.
This is when Tower Tech UK Ltd, the client's installation partner, sought advice from IST Ltd. on how best to install a remote, centralised LED driver solution to address the potential stumbling blocks facing the project.
Working with Tower Tech, IST provided support on determining the best location for the LED drivers, the type of LED drivers and the optimum number of drivers to control the "Ceiling of Light" efficiently.
The concept simplified the lighting scheme as the "Ceiling of Light" provides all of the lighting and no ancillary luminaires were required within the scheme.
• They offered a compact and centralised LED solution for the 400 bespoke panels.
• The centralised concept allows easy access to the drivers for commissioning and maintenance, as the iDrive® Thor 36 drivers are located in an accessible ground-level area, behind the scenes.
• The programmable output voltages allow for compensation of any voltage drop across cables, depending on the distance between luminaires and the LED drivers (up to 200m).
• They allow super smooth dimming using standard 8-bit DMX control, enabling flicker-free lighting and step-less dimming at very low intensity levels.
• Centralised LED drivers can easily be replaced, fitted or recommissioned without needing expensive equipment to reach them, thus significantly reducing maintenance costs post sign-off.
• With centralised LED drivers the luminaire design meant the units could be sealed as the drivers didn't have to be placed inside thus improving usable lifetime of the luminaires.
Over 22x iDrive® Thor 36 LED drivers were used on the project, providing approximately 40,000W of power to the "Ceiling of Light".
Each iDrive® Thor 36 was programmed to provide flicker-free dimming with up to 14-bit dimming to allow smooth step-less dimming of the luminaires meeting the clients requirement of being flicker-free.
The overall impact is stunning and the client has an exceptional lighting scheme that is easy to maintain through the lifetime of the shopping centre and not just for the first year.
The client is delighted with the solution IST provided. In fact, why not visit the shopping centre yourself to witness the superior lighting, dimming and control?!


The IMX 38 Five-Fifteen blasting downwind.
UK Sailmakers is re-opening in Ontario under the ownership of long time Canadian sailor Randy St. Jacques. Randy has 50 years of experience both racing and cruising on many boats. He is a very busy racer himself and active in the Fifty Point Sailing Club and in PHRF-LO with the C&C 30 MkII SCRUBS.
Mike Kern's C&C 115 TRANSMISSION sailing with an X-Drive mainsail and Tape-Drive jib.
Every sail we sell is made in a UK Sailmakers loft to exacting standards by experienced sailmakers. UK Sailmakers has many production facilities worldwide that bring to life our designs. The majority of the sails produced for Toronto are by UK Sailmakers Hong Kong. The largest loft in the UK group, they produce over half the sails sold worldwide. With decades of sailmaking UK Hong Kong has built sails for racers and cruisers all over the world including Americas Cup and Vendee Globe competitors. Closer to home UK Sailmakers Chicago is the main manufacturer for North America; they are one of the oldest lofts in the group and have a well-deserved reputation for quality. On the One Design front Toronto works closely with UK Sailmakers Texas (Pedro Gianotti).
Two C&C 99s with Tape-Drive Carbon Technora inventories.


Game Text: Bearer must be a [Rohan] Man. Archery: Discard this possession to make the fellowship archery total +1 (or +2 if the fellowship is at a plains site).
This page has been moved, the new location is Riddermark Javelin (11U151).


As our home state, there's always a big range of Bar Crusher boats to check out at the Melbourne Boat Show… and this year is no different!
At the 2016 Melbourne Boat Show (17-20 June), we'll have over a dozen of our Fishing Weapons on display – from the popular folding-roof cuddy cabin (C) series, centre console / walk-around (XS and WR) series, award-winning hard top (HT) series, right up to our hard top pilothouse (HTP) series.
The 2016 model range features a number of new design innovations, including Bar Crusher's exclusive Game Lock™ coaming (575 to 780 hull series), which allows you to lock yourself into a comfortable and secure position while fighting big fish. This new design also makes what was already a very spacious cockpit fishing area even bigger!
New hard top designs and dash layouts, re-designed rocket launchers, extra heavy-duty bowsprits and bow/grab rails, and fresh paint schemes are just some of the new features to be found on various models across the range – advancements which have been carefully-considered to further improve your boating and fishing experience.
Designed and built in Australia for Australian conditions, all Bar Crusher boats incorporate exclusive innovations such as our Waveslicer® deep-V, non-pounding hull for an ultra-smooth ride, Rigideck® engineered sub-floor system for maximum hull strength, and Quickflow® water ballast technology for excellent stability at rest.
All models from the 490 through to the 615 are also now built on Bar Crusher's industry-leading Gen2® hull. This design combines key features including a wider negative chine running forward, optimised wider chine aft and the distinctive Delta Flare™ – a complex V-shaped planing plank that starts wider at the transom and narrows as it runs forward. The result is greater hydrodynamic lift for more efficient planing and improved fuel economy, a higher bow attitude and better spray deflection for a drier ride.
Bar Crusher boats on display at the 2016 Melbourne Boat Show include: 490C, 490WR, 535C, 535XS, 575C, 575HT, 615C, 615HT, 670C, 670HT, 730HT, 780HT and 780HTP.
Whether you're a first-time boat buyer or have owned 10 boats and you're looking for your next one, drop by and say g'day to us at the show (located on stand C4) and pick-up a free copy of our boat buyer's guide to assist with your research.
Once again, we're also offering a 25% discount on Melbourne Boat Show tickets. Simply visit www.melbourneboatshow.com.au, enter the promo code BARCRUSHER and select the tickets you want to buy.


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Police: Three Died In Murder-Suicide
HERNANDO BEACH -- A woman fatally shot her husband and mother-in-law as they slept on their boat and then killed herself, police said Wednesday, six days after their bodies were found.
Byron Shiver, 58, and his mother, Louise Shiver, 79, were found dead July 18 in their 30foot pontoon boat just off Hernando Beach. Joan Shiver, 60, was found floating in the water nearby.
Byron and Louise Shiver were natives of Lakeland.
Joan shot her husband and mother-in-law each twice in the head while they slept, said Hernando County Sheriff's Lt. Joe Paez.
She then put the pistol, thought to be her husband's .357, in her mouth and killed herself, Paez said. Investigators have not located the weapon.
Authorities were interviewing family members in Orlando Wednesday afternoon to determine a motive for the slayings, but Paez said Joan Shiver might have had financial and health problems.
Paez said that Joan Shiver made a frantic cell phone call to her son-in-law, Orange County sheriff's patrol chief Ron Otterbacher, and said that three people had boarded the boat and that she was in the water, hiding underneath the boat.
But Paez said investigators are confident that Shiver shot the other two and then herself.
Valuables were found on board undisturbed and there were no signs of a struggle, he said. Both Byron and Louise Shiver were found in sleeping positions.


text:
est un film japonais réalisé par Ryōsuke Hashiguchi, sorti en 1993.

Synopsis
Tatsuru et Shinichirō sont deux jeunes prostitués. Tatsuru, le plus âgé, doit se déconnecter de ses émotions pour travailler. Shinichirō, lui, se sent à l'aise et est tombé amoureux de Tatsuru.

Fiche technique
 Titre : Petite Fièvre des vingt ans
 Titre original :  ()
 Réalisation : Ryōsuke Hashiguchi
 Scénario : Ryōsuke Hashiguchi
 Musique : Akira Isono, Ryūji Murayama et Kōhei Shinozaki
 Photographie : Jun'ichi Tozawa
 Montage : Hiroshi Matsuo
 Production : Akira Ishigaki et Akio Nanjo
 Société de production : Pia et Pony Canyon
 Pays de production :
 Langue originale : japonais
 Genre : drame et romance
 Durée : 114 minutes
 Dates de sortie :
 Japon :
 France :

Distribution
 Yoshihiko Hakamada : Tatsuru Shimamori
 Reiko Kataoka : Yoriko Suzuki
 Masashi Endō : Shinichirō Miyajima
 Sumiyo Yamada : Atsumi
 Kōji Satō : le maître
 Bunmei Harada : Kawakubo
 Kōta Kusano : Takashi
 Yōichi Kawaguchi : Ohta
 Hiroshi Ohkōchi : le client
 Tarō Ishida : le père de Yoriko
 Wakaba Irie : la mère de Yoriko

Production
Ce film à petit budget a été tourné au format 16 mm et les acteurs et le réalisateur ne se sont pas versé de salaire. Le film a reçu une aide à la production de Pia (qui sponsorise une sortie de film au cinéma par an).

Distinctions
Le film a reçu le prix du film Mainichi du nouveau talent. Il a également été présenté à la Berlinale.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Film japonais sorti en 1993
Film dramatique japonais
Film romantique japonais
Film sur la prostitution masculine
Film sur la prostitution au Japon
LGBT au cinéma au Japon
Homosexualité masculine au cinéma
Film réalisé par Ryōsuke Hashiguchi

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Polar ecosystems are bellwether indicators of climate change and offer insights into ecological resilience. In this study, we describe contrasting responses to an apparent regime shift of two very different benthic communities in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. We compared species-specific patterns of benthic invertebrate abundance and size between the west (low productivity) and east (higher productivity) sides of McMurdo Sound across multiple decades (1960s-2010) to depths of 60 m. We present possible factors associated with the observed changes. A massive and unprecedented shift in sponge recruitment and growth on artificial substrata observed between the 1980s and 2010 contrasts with lack of dramatic sponge settlement and growth on natural substrata, emphasizing poorly understood sponge recruitment biology. We present observations of changes in populations of sponges, bryozoans, bivalves, and deposit-feeding invertebrates in the natural communities on both sides of the sound. Scientific data for Antarctic benthic ecosystems are scant, but we gather multiple lines of evidence to examine possible processes in regional-scale oceanography during the eight years in which the sea ice did not clear out of the southern portion of McMurdo Sound. We suggest that large icebergs blocked currents and advected plankton, allowed thicker multi-year ice, and reduced light to the benthos. This, in addition to a possible increase in iron released from rapidly melting glaciers, fundamentally shifted the quantity and quality of primary production in McMurdo Sound. A hypothesized shift from large to small food particles is consistent with increased recruitment and growth of sponges on artificial substrata, filter-feeding polychaetes, and some bryozoans, as well as reduced populations of bivalves and crinoids that favor large particles, and echinoderms Sterechinus neumayeri and Odontaster validus that predominantly feed on benthic diatoms and large phytoplankton mats that drape the seafloor after spring blooms. This response of different guilds of filter feeders to a hypothesized shift from large to small phytoplankton points to the enormous need for and potential value of holistic monitoring programs, particularly in pristine ecosystems, that could yield both fundamental ecological insights and knowledge that can be applied to critical conservation concerns as climate change continues.
The spatial and temporal changes at a regional scale across McMurdo Sound are interesting, in part, because the oceanography of the region was long thought to be highly stable and predictable (Littlepage 1965, Dayton et al. 1974), but this view was modified by observations of decadal changes (Dayton 1989, Dayton et al. 2016b, Schine et al. 2016). We focus on decadal-scale change in major components of the two very different benthic communities. These shifts offer a unique opportunity to evaluate the ecological legacies of two different communities following a substantial climate-driven environmental change and offer insights into the resilience of this system to future changes.


The Alpha Jockey Club is very excited to be hosting, a one off, with two race events this year.
The club will host the Alpha Easter Races, on behalf of the Barcaldine Race Club, as their track is upgraded to TURF! Looking forward to seeing all those who can join us on Easter Saturday.


RilakkumaLifestyle | A Rilakkuma blog for your Rilakkuma life.
They're more than good, they're Tiger Rilakkuma plush!
Hello from sunny Florida! Ecstatic to share with you all today TWO Tiger Rilakkumas plush!
Twin tigers are two of a kind!
Two plush Rilakkumas from the AQI Tiger Series, which also features Korilakkuma as a grey tiger in similar poses, as well as a great set of head pillows (Simon's favorite).
First to highlight is Tiger Rilakkuma Eating Fish/Taiyaki Plush!
Tiger Rilakkuma enjoying an afternoon snack!
A few lovely details here: the soft shape of the taiyaki embroidery make the taiyaki look good enough to eat! You can also see the cute pink paw print embroidery on the feet, as well as the striped mitts on his paws.
And in the back, you see Rilakkuma's signature zippered pocket, as well as a tiger tail replacing his normal round bear tail.
His tiger hood has deep orange stripes along the top and sides, and his normally spherical ears have been replaced with fluffy and soft cat ears! Tag art shows Tiger Rilakkuma and friends playing around with each other.
I think this design is so, so clever because it's a cat/tiger eating a fish, and simultaneously also Rilakkuma eating dessert/taiyaki—what a perfect match!
You can get this hungry Tiger Rilakkuma plush now at ShopAQI.com! You can also find him in-stock at your local Books A Million, JapanLA and P!Q.
This design looks like it was inspired by a combination of the taiyaki theme from the 2014 Cats Series Loft Exclusive design with the position and tiger elements of the Net Shop Exclusive! Most of the Rilakkuma cat designs from Japan have him as a calico cat, but I do rather like the tiger version because it makes Rilakkuma look so ferocious!
I'm absolutely overjoyed about having this Rilakkuma in my collection now because taiyaki is one of my favorite desserts of all time!
Taiyaki (鯛焼き) is a fish-shaped cake originally from Japan that are commonly filled with delicious custard, chocolate, or red bean. As someone who lives on the East Coast of the United States, we are very behind on the trends, but taiyaki places are even popping up all over around here because of how amazing and delicious they are.
Next is a relaxed Tiger Rilakkuma Laydown Plush!
Ready to pounce, or ready to relax?
Bird's eye view shows his stripes, and I love how the dorsal stripes look a little bit like a fishbone outline!
Bottom view shows a big soft belly that is ideal for snuggling.
A perfect tiger Rilakkuma plush for your lap, your bed, and your home.
Love this plush so much, he just hangs out on my lap at all times, and is less scratchy than an actual pet cat. I adore the shape, and I think the design is very well done.
Reminds me a lot of the 2015 Cats Series Net Shop Exclusive in the pose, except calico now turned tiger—you can check out my previous post on that set to compare the two. Though hint: this version is much more affordable if you live in the US!
Like the taiyaki-eating Rilakkuma above, you can add this relaxed Tiger Rilakkuma plush to your collection at ShopAQI.com! Also available in your local Books A Million, Kappa Toy, JapanLA, and IT'SUGAR.
What kind of cat are you? Are you more of a calico, or a tiger?
Hope everyone is enjoying the warm sun! It's beautiful here in Florida right now, and all I want to do is have Rilakkuma photoshoots outside all day!


Bentayga V8 shares the same sleek lines as the other models in the Bentayga range, but adds some distinctive features to create an edgier exterior that matches the car's dynamic feel. A black and chrome radiator matrix grille adds extra presence at the front, while the rear is enhanced by two twin-quad tailpipes, with a selection of large, striking wheels completing an imposing look. For those seeking to maximise the dramatic effect still further, the Black Specification* replaces all the exterior brightware with black-painted trim and adds a number of contemporary carbon fibre elements.


The National Interagency Fire Center (NIFC) is the nation's support center for wildland firefighting. The organization's mission is the "complex interagency coordination of wildland firefighting resources in the United States." To support this, NIFC has created the Enterprise Geospatial Portal (EGP).
In a wildfire emergency on federal lands, NIFC is the "national dispatch center for heavy airtankers, lead planes, smokejumpers, interagency hotshot crews, type 1 incident management teams, area command teams, medium and heavy helicopters, infrared aircraft, military resources, telecom equipment for fires, Remote Automated Weather Stations (RAWS), and large transport aircraft." There are eight different federal, state, and local agencies that are a part of NIFC. These agencies offers free access to the EGP to fire officials seeking an authoritative source of standardized geospatial information for the full range of wildfire activities. This data ranges from response to planning and allocation of resources, similarly to those mentioned above.
THE EGP IS A VISUALIZATION AND ANALYSIS TOOL THAT SPATIALLY ENABLES EXISTING WILDLAND FIRE INFORMATION, AND CONSOLIDATES DISPARATE GEOSPATIAL DATA BY ORGANIZING IT INTO VIEW STATES, REPRESENTING VARIOUS BUSINESS AREAS.
Before the implementation of the EGP in 2010, the web of agencies in charge of responding to wildfires on federal lands shared information manually, slowly, and piece-by-piece. As a result, data was often disorganized and available in pieces, distributed among multiple systems. Data was a "history lesson" due to the many hours passed before processing and sharing.
Before the availability of technology like Intterra's GIS data visualization software, intelligence coordinators, fire professionals, legislators and reporters called into NIFC for details about ongoing fire incidents. Information requested by response personnel included data such as fire size and number of crews dispatched. Without the proper data analysis technology, manual data synthesis was a significant part of the NIFC workload. The roll out of EGP decreased calls to NIFC by 80% due to the new opportunity for self-service and on-demand data access. This reduction acts as a steward of tax dollars.
EGP Tools fuse and display data from disparate systems like Computer Aided Dispatch, Resource Orders, Situation Reports, and Remote Sensing to provide maps and dashboards to agencies protecting federal lands. The Enterprise Geospatial Portal (EGP) is the focal point for the fusion of all of this data.
The EGP tools currently in use include the Fire Globe, Intterra, the Incident Risk Console (RisC), and a GIS data repository. Users can access all four tools with a single login, streamlining the experience and speed reaction times. With its cutting edge technology the NIFC and EGP facilitate cross-agency collaboration and data sharing when working across geographic or administrative borders to fight big fires.
To illustrate, let's explore a real-world example of a high-level use of the EGP system from the 2015 fire season. NIFC agencies were almost at resource capacity and new areas were continually igniting. The NIFC Operations Director needed to find out the locations of crews, hot shots, fires, and perimeters. Using the EGP, NIFC staff pulled a density map to show the locations of the fires and which crews had been dispatched. It came down to life and property. The EGP layer utilized revealed the populated areas, visualizing factors of risk and using that information to re-prioritize resources.
The EGP provides a geospatial interface, which allows users to access wildland fire data layers on a common web-based platform. Users from Fire Chiefs and administrators to firefighters on the ground have access to data stored in a central data repository, which facilitates the exchange of near-real-time information within and between land management agencies. This enables users to tweak processes, improve outcomes, and predict needs. NIFC's National Incident Service provides a single GIS layer where all the fires and perimeters are fused together in one pane.
The EGP is currently bringing data sharing and analytics to the field of federal firefighting to enhance outcomes across a slew of individual metrics. Immediate goals for the EGP include enhancing mobile access and remote sensing platforms as well as improving analytic capability, so those who protect our beautiful federal lands can continue to use consolidated incident data to develop even better systems and tools.


text:
Society for the Anthropology of Work
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Anthropology of Work Review
The Anthropology of Work Review is an international forum for multidisciplinary research on work and labor in the broadest senses of those terms. As the peer-reviewed journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Work, a section of the American Anthropological Association, AWR's mission is to facilitate ethnographically informed discussions of work politics and practices, including struggles over the absence of work, as well as to promote dialogue around emerging theoretical perspectives and methodological approaches. The journal welcomes submissions that concern all aspects of human and nonhuman labor, from inquiries into its structure and organization to novel propositions for rethinking its implications and emerging forms.
Josh Fisher, Western Washington University
Kathleen Millar, Simon Fraser University
Alex Nading, Brown University
Contact: awr.editors@gmail.com
Samuel Weeks, Thomas Jefferson University
Contact: samuel.weeks@jefferson.edu
Manuscripts should be submitted electronically through the journal's ScholarOne portal.
Manuscripts should be blinded with all identifying information removed prior to submission.
Manuscripts should be no more than 8,000 words, including notes references. They should be double-spaced and formatted according to the Chicago Manual of Style, 17th edition.
Submissions should include a one-paragraph abstract for the article, with at least three keywords.
Submissions should include a list of three possible reviewers.
The journal includes a section called Scenes at Work that features photographs and photographic essays. Photographs of and/or by workers should be submitted electronically, and should be accompanied by written documentation that those photographed have given permission to have their image(s) reproduced in the Anthropology of Work Review.
Information for Book Reviewers
The journal maintains a current list of books available for review. Publishers may send review copies to Samuel Weeks, Thomas Jefferson University, Ravenhill Mansion 301, 4201 Henry Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19144.
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Q: Azure B2C custom login I am migrating an existing app using ASP.NET Identity to Azure B2C.
I wanted to migrate the existing user details to Azure AD, when user enter the credential in the Azure b2c login. Is there any way to call custom API on click of the Azure login button? If that is possible, I will call an API which will migrate the data to Azure AD.
I can't do one time migration from existing Identity to Azure B2C as we don't get the password as plain text from the database.
Please advice

A: This is possible with custom policies.
There is a sample for this particular scenario as well: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/active-directory-b2c/user-migration#seamless-migration.
Custom policies do have quite a big learning curve, so this option might require a lot of work from you.
The other option is that you add all users in bulk and require everyone to do a password reset.
This is easier to do for you but will require some work from each user.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Q: How can use SonarScanner from Jenkins while running on a different server (than Sonar)? I use Jenkins for Continuous Integration, and I plan to add SonarQube to its tasks. I know it is possible to run SonarQube server and database remotely from the scanner, thanks to the documentation.
I tried to install sonarqube and sonarscanner plugins in Jenkins, setting up a slave connected to the server hosting sonarqube and sonarscanner, but Jenkins  can't trigger a scan.
I also don't understand how Sonar would get the code ? Is Jenkins supposed to send it all to the server ?
Or do I have to manage the pulling from the repository on the server hosting Sonar ?

A: You're correct, the scanner must be on the build machine.


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Tag: Cristian Mungiu
The "Romanian abortion movie"
May 24, 2009 May 24, 2009 Ivan Kreilkamp1 Comment
I finally watched "the Romanian abortion movie," Cristian Mungiu's 4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days. This was the film that won the Cannes Palme D'Or in 2007 and, along with The Death of Mr. Lazarescu (by a different director), has been heralded as a standard-bearer of a Romanian new wave of cinema.
I've had both movies in my Netflix queue for quite a while. I really wanted to see them both, but somehow, it can be hard to find the right Saturday evening for the harrowing tale of a college girl's illegal abortion in Communist Romania under Ceausescu, or the harrowing tale of the grim final hours of a dying old man in Communist Romania who is dragged in an ambulance from hospital to hospital, each turning him away. And Sarah kind of has her eye on me in terms of getting ultra-grim fare for our movie nights. There's an implicit household rule in place saying that for every movie to which adjectives like "harrowing," "unflinching," or "uncompromising" would be likely to be applied (or phrases like "dark journey into…"), there should be one better described as "entertaining," "fun," or the like. (OK, maybe I push it to a two to one or so ratio. There just aren't enough "fun," light movies that are any good.)
I finally found the right moment for the illegal late-term abortion (in a society in which abortion is punished by jail sentence) movie: while Sarah is out of town.
It turns out to be a really great movie. Is completely engrossing, compelling, like a good thriller. Admittedly slow (filmed in real time, with no music) and definitely hard to take at some moments, but humanistic and life-affirming in the end, not in fact "depressing" (but instead energizing and inspiring) although about some very depressing experiences. But, maybe that's just me. And I don't know, if you're someone who's had a difficult experience with an abortion, quite possibly the movie would be too excruciating. I'll make one small spoiler/ disclosure by saying that (a) you do actually see the dead fetus towards the end, in an extended shot, and/but (2) the movie does not end in an entirely brutal/horrifying way.
It reminded me of Mike Leigh's Happy-Go-Lucky in some odd ways. The abortionist is an unforgettably awful character who reminded me slightly of the taxi driver played brilliantly by Eddie Marsan in Leigh's film, although the tonality is very different. And the dinner party scene with the boyfriend's parents is memorably terrible in a Mike Leigh kind of way (as Roger Ebert pointed out), as Otilia endures her boyfriend's parents' friends' self-congratulatory palaver while she waits to return to her friend, who could be bleeding to death alone in her hotel room. (The parents and their friends are professionals who have given into and accepted Ceausescu's regime, and profited from it. They patronize Otilia because her father was a common soldier.)
Also, both movies (this one and Happy-Go-Lucky) are very much about female friendship and loyalty, and more specifically, the young adult female friendship of roommates: both about the relationships of two women in their 20s who've lived together for years to the point where they feel almost like sisters. Part of what's moving about the movie is Otilia's unquestioning, unwavering willingness to do whatever it takes (and it takes a lot) to help her friend.
And then there are the obvious Vera Drake analogies. I wonder if any smart-aleck theater curator has ever organized a triple "abortion movie" showing of 4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days, Vera Drake and Juno. Could be fun.
The film magazine Cineaste points out that one of Ceausescu's
most notorious fiats—Decree 770 issued in 1966—outlawed abortion and proceeded to reward mothers of multiple children with medals and lavish praise for their efforts to build a populous socialist bulwark. Unlike campaigns against abortion in the West, Ceausescu's imposition of mandatory motherhood (at least for women under forty-five) had nothing to do with religious or moral doctrines. It was instead aligned to what the Romanian author Norman Manea terms "the state ownership of human beings"—the obliteration of the private realm enforced by an intractable bureaucracy.
To get a bit academic about it, you could also think of the relevance of Georgio Agamben's concept of "bare life" to the movie: the concept of a political order in which the definition of what counts as "life and the living" is determined and controlled by the state, and certain forms of life are defined as purely biological, living but symbolically cast out of the political realm. To mount my hobbyhorse briefly, I'll also point out that the movie does small but interesting things with domestic animals that seem to function as images of "bare," orphaned, or absolutely vulnerable/exposed life: the goldfish in the opening scene, the kittens found abandoned in the boiler room, the roaming dogs.
Really, you should see it! Pop up a bowl of popcorn and settle in.
Posted in moviesTagged Cristian Mungiu


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Sir Billy Connolly 'heartbroken' as he loses the ability to write: 'It's totally illegible'
Adam MillerFriday 15 Oct 2021 9:54 am
Sir Billy Connolly: 'It breaks my heart as I used to love writing letters to people'
Sir Billy Connolly revealed he's now lost the ability to write during his appearance tonight's The Graham Norton Show, as he's about to release his latest autobiography, Windswept & Interesting.
The beloved comedian joined the likes of Doctor Who's Jodie Whittaker and Tom Daley during the episode which airs tonight and opened up about living with Parkinson's disease, after being diagnosed with the illness in 2013.
Joining Graham from his home in Florida, Bill admitted writing his latest book was a huge challenge.
'I have lost the ability to write, and it breaks my heart as I used to love writing letters to people,' he said.
'My writing went down the Swanny and is totally illegible, so I had to find a way to record everything but then the recorder didn't understand my accent so it kept collapsing and my family would have to sort it – it was a club effort!'
However, he stressed he's 'doing okay'.
Sir Billy Connolly opens up about life with Parkinson's on The Graham Norton Show (Picture: PA)
'I have good days and bad days,' he said. 'It's creeping up on me and it never lets go. I walk like a drunk man and have to have help. So, life is different, but it is good.'
Sir Bill retired from doing stand-up comedy in 2020, marking the end of his career in comedy with a`TV special.
In the coming months, Sir Billy will be fronting a new five-part series for Gold, looking back at his 50 years in stand up and 'provide and unrivalled glimpse into his life'.
More: Billy Connolly
Sir Billy Connolly opens up on how he deals with Parkinson's taking 'more and more' of him
Sir Billy Connolly can't use his left hand to play instruments anymore due to Parkinson's
Sir Billy Connolly 'thinks about death' every day but he has 'absolutely no regrets'
Billy Connolly Does… will feature five episodes which will showcase 'classic and hidden treasures' from some of his beloved routines.
The series, which is shot in and around his home in Florida, will see the comedian reflect on how his views have or haven't changed over the years.
'I'm really looking forward to sharing a few of my favourite moments from over the years,' he added of the show.
'It's been brilliant, and I hope you'll come along for the ride!'
The Graham Norton Show airs tonight at 10.35pm on BBC One.
Dancing On Ice 2022: Ria Hebden plagued by 'traumatic injury' as she overcomes 'fear of falling'
Kirk Norcross breaks down remembering discovering father's body: 'I knew he was gone'
Strictly champs Rose Ayling-Ellis and Giovanni Pernice join their fellow celebs and pros for glitzy photocall as Live Tour kicks off
Wallace & Gromit finally set to go on another Grand Day Out as BBC confirms first new film in over a decade
Moment reporter gets hit by car live-on-air during her report
Home › Entertainment › TV


The latest winning Hatos Lotto numbers online. The history of Hungarian lottery industry is traced back to 1770 when the first Hungarian lottery draw was held in the city of Buda. Later the traditional Hungarian gambling and lottery games were managed by the country's national bank, Országos Takarékpénztár. Currently, the Szerencsejatek company (literally translated as "playing games of chance") is responsible for managing and controlling all lottery games in Hungary. Szerencsejáték company was set up in 1991 by the Hungarian government to promote and support lotteries in the country. Currently, it is Hungary's largest lottery provider. Almost two-thirds of Hungarian population is reported to participate in the national lotteries. Szerencsejatek ensures national lottery ticket sales through the country-wide retail network including over 3,600 outlets as well as via online lottery services introduced in November 1998. Hungarian state lotteries managed by Szerencsejatek list EuroJackpot, Ötöslottó (Lotto 5), Skandináv lottó, Joker, Keno, Luxor, Puttó, Sorsjegy, Toto, Tippmix and GolToto as well as one of the most popular lottery games there Hatoslottó (lottó 6). Please find below Hatos lotto overview.
The first Hatos Lotto draw was held on 29 October 1988. Hatos ticket sales were started earlier on 7 October of that year. This lottery is also known as Lotto 6 and is rightfully considered one of the most popular modern lotteries in Hungary.
Initially, it used the double matrix 6/45 + 1 bonus number. The bonus Hatos Lotto numbers were accountable for the second prize category offered for those matching only 5 winning Hatos Lotto numbers. In July Szerencsejatek changed Hatos Lotto format removing the bonus number.
The latest Hatos Lotto results are available after the draws currently held once a week on Saturday between 3.30 p.m. and 4.15 p.m. local time (UTC +2). Starting from November 1993 Szerencsejatek introduced the "Joker" option to increase the winning chances.
This lottery uses a 6/45 matrix, that is the 6 Hatos Lotto numbers are randomly drawn from the guess range of 1 to 45. Winning the jackpot requires matching all the 6 winning Hatos Lotto numbers drawn from the mentioned guess range.
The jackpot starts from Ft60 mln (about $220,000). The jackpot will be rolled over every draw when there is no winner. The lottery operator sets no limits as for the jackpot size still restricts the roll-over period to 1 year. If there is no winner over the year, the jackpot will be split between the winners of the lower prize categories. You may check off the Hatos Lotto numbers yourself or use random numbers generation option called Quick Pick or Lucky Dip.
Until recently the Lotto was available only for Hungarians or tourists visiting the country. The tickets were available only over the counter so that you would have to go to Hungary to play this lottery which would make the lottery ticket rather expensive. Fortunately today you do not even have to leave your house to play this lottery. All you have to do is to go online, choose the numbers pay up the purchase and wait for the latest Hatos Lotto results. And what is more important you may play any popular foreign lottery from any part of the globe.
Age is the only restriction for players. Hatos Lotto is available only for those aged 18 or older. In the case of winning, you will have to present your ID to get the prize.
What is the best way to check Hatos Lotto results?
The latest Hatos Lotto results are available after the draws carried out every week on Sunday between 3.30 p.m. and 4.15 p.m. local time (UTC +2). There are several ways to check Hatos Lotto results. First of all, you may find out the winning Hatos Lotto numbers in any retail outlet throughout Hungary or from the local newspapers (such as SzerencseMix, for instance) publishing results after each draw.
The latest Hatos Lotto results will also be available at Szerencsejáték official web page and on 871 page of Teletext. The draws are broadcasted live on RTL Klub TV channel.
Besides you may go online and visit our web page to find out the winning Hatos Lotto numbers as well as those for the other popular lotteries from around the world. Importantly enough, this information is available around the clock any day of the week.
With 4 prize categories offered, players stand a fair chance to win cash prizes in Hatos Lotto especially using the Hatoslottó Joker option.
The jackpot winning odds are estimated as 1 chance in 8,145,060 to match all the 6 lottery winning numbers.
Matching 5 and 4 lottery winning numbers out the 6 drawn, players get respectively the 2nd and the 3rd cash prizes with the winning odds accounting correspondingly for 1 in 34,808 and 1 in 1,733.
The chances to win the cash prize of last 4th category are 1 in 45. It requires matching only 3 of the 6 lottery winning numbers. Hatos Lotto overall winning odds are estimated as 1 in 42 which backs its popularity among the lottery players. Take a chance to become millionaire play and check Hatos Lotto results online.
Hatos Lotto largest jackpot to date was won on 21 September 2008 and accounted for Ft2,958,307,350 (then €12 mln as of September 2008 exchange rate). The lottery winning numbers then were 11, 18, 26, 42, 43, 45.
Hatos Lotto second largest jackpot was reported on 20 May 2012 reaching Ft1,491,506,710 (about $5.5 mln). The life-changing combination of the lottery winning numbers was 1, 20, 29, 34, 36, 43.
On 4 August 2013 Hatos Lotto jack-potted Ft1,267,435,670 (about $4.7 mln) which turned to be the 3rd biggest grand prize in Hatos Lotto history.
The cash prizes won in Hatos Lotto are credited by Szerencsejáték to the winner's personal bank account. If the winner fails to claim the prize within 90 days from the day of the draw it will be declared canceled.
Any prize below Ft200,000 can be claimed in one of the 3,600 Hatos Lotto official retail outlets throughout Hungary.
To claim prizes of Ft200,000-500,000 you will have to address either the official dealer or directly Szerencsejáték Zrt and present your ID.
In the case of the major win of Ft500,000-40,000,000, you will have to call Szerencsejatek to make a prize claim.
If you were so lucky to win the even bigger prize you will have to call the lottery operators to notify them about it within 90 days from the date of the draw. If you won the lottery online you do not have to worry about the mentioned issues. Online lottery service will handle everything so that you will get your prize as soon as possible in any part of the world. So do not miss a draw, play and check Hatos Lotto results online.


EZ-BEAM SM30 Series: Emitter. Range: 60 m; Input: 20-250V ac. Output: Not applicable – No outputs. 2 m (6.5 ft) cable.
EZ-BEAM SM30 Series: Emitter. Range: 60 m; Input: 20-250V ac. Output: Not applicable – No outputs. Quick-Disconnect Connector.
EZ-BEAM SM30 Series: Emitter. Range: 60 m; Input: 10-30V dc. Output: Not applicable – No outputs. 2 m (6.5 ft) cable.
EZ-BEAM SM30 Series: Emitter. Range: 60 m; Input: 10-30V dc. Output: Not applicable – No outputs. Quick-Disconnect Connector.
EZ-BEAM SM30 Series: Receiver. Range: 60 m; Input: 20-250V ac. Output: SPST Solid-state Light Operate. 2 m (6.5 ft) cable.
EZ-BEAM SM30 Series: Receiver. Range: 60 m; Input: 20-250V ac. Output: SPST Solid-state Light Operate. Quick-Disconnect Connector.
SM30 Series: Receiver – Frequency A PBT Polyester. Range: 150 m; Input: 10-30V dc. Output: Bi-Modal: 1 NPN; 1 PNP – LO & DO. 2 m (6.5 ft) cable.
SM30PRL W/12FT CABLE BARREL SENSOR.


Why choose Stafffinders to find a job in construction?
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Gun violence is on the rise in the United States, and we need to prepare ourselves and our loved ones for any situation. In our new world of rampant shootings and daily chaos, having an adequate Kevlar panel that easily fits into a handbag or backpack is a must have piece of equipment to protect yourself and your family on a daily basis. BlueStone Safety Products Level IIIA (3A) 11 inch by 17 inch ballistic panels are proudly made in the USA with woven Kevlar, which will easily defeat a 44 magnum, 45 caliber handgun, a 9mm, 357 Magnum, and even 12 gauge shotgun slugs. Our panels are made in accordance with the National Institute of Justice standards and are very lightweight; they are easy to store and carry with you throughout the day. Note: Backpack is Not Included.
Don't Be a Victim, Be a Survivor.
As a family owned and operated business, we know that children will go through multiple backpacks each year; that's why our backpack panels can easily be transferred from one backpack to the next. They also come with a utility pocket on the back so you can store items in it as well. In a world where life and death situations are consistently on the rise, do not get caught unprepared. Keep protection within reach with our Level IIIA(3A) panels.
I have these in my tactical vest as well as my computer laptop and tactical bag that I carry out in public. For the price is well worth it for the comfort of knowing that if I need it I have it.
Excellent quality at an even better price.
This is the sort of product that you hope you never get to use ! Appears to be a good product (and has the IIIA rating).


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How to distinguish the propagation mode of VHF, UHF and SHF signals?
This is one of the questions that every beginner on the VHF bands has ever asked himself and one of the questions that creates more confusion and errors when reporting a contact in the DX-Cluster, even among the most expert.
Getting to know the propagation mode with complete certainty is not always an easy task and in some cases it is literally impossible to determine it just by listening to an isolated signal. In addition, in some cases it is necessary to listen to different signals from the same area during a certain period of time in order to reach a conclusion, an isolated contact is not enough. In other cases it is necessary to take into account the date and time, since certain modes of propagation do not occur on any date or at any time.
Below I summarize the main characteristics of the most common propagation modes used by radio amateurs and listeners, to facilitate the task of their identification. Some audio recordings of actual signals are also included.
This article does not pretend to be exhaustive or to detail all the existing modes and submodes of propagation. Dozens of articles could be written about each particular mode and sub-mode.
Tropo ducting
Commonly known as a "tropo". It is produced by alterations in the atmosphere closer to the earth's surface, usually linked to the appearance of zones of thermal inversion that cause the signals to travel in a kind of natural waveguide. Some distinguish between "marine tropo" (AKA "maritime tropo") and "terrestrial tropo" depending on whether the signal travels above the surface of the sea or the land, but there is no evidence that there is any difference between them other than that.
The most common and spectacular due to the distances at which it allows two stations to be connected is the one that occurs over the sea, since there are no obstacles (mountains, etc.), the signal suffers very little attenuation during its travel. Obviously, "marine" and "terrestrial" tropo conditions can occur at the same time, what further increases the possible distance of the contacts when both are combined.
Affected bands: All VHF, UHF and SHF bands. It is very common in the bands of 2m and above, and much less prevalent in the 4m and 6m.
Dates / times: The "marine tropo" is very frequent in the summer months and very rare in the winter, while the "terrestrial" often occurs outside the summer season. Usually the strongest signals occur around dusk, but not in all cases. A few hours after dark the signals usually weaken.
Duration: From several hours to several days in a row. It never occurs for just a few minutes.
Signal strength: Variable, but extremely strong signals are not uncommon, often leading neophytes in the 2m band to confuse it with Sporadic E. Regardless of the signal level, it is normally very stable, with little variation of its intensity.
Fading (QSB) of the signal: Normally the signals are very stable, with little or no variation in their intensity for long periods of time. This is one of the main characteristics that distinguish this mode from Sporadic E, along with the duration of the openings.
Signal alterations: The signals propagated by this means do not suffer noticeable alterations or distortions, so communications in SSB, CW, digital and even FM are possible.
Distance covered: The usual distances range from 500 to 1000 km, but contacts several thousand km away in the case of the "marine trope" are not uncommon, provided that the signal travels at all times above from sea.
Predictability: It can be predicted to a certain extent by analyzing atmospheric conditions. In this sense, William Hepburn has an excellent page with forecast maps worldwide.
Audio samples:
RW1ZC/MM near Mauritania being worked by CT1EKD on 144 MHz SSB at a distance of 2149 Km
IW6CVN/6 (MP3 - 590 Kb) and IS0/I5CTE (MP3 - 595 Kb) recorded by EA3XU during his QSO on 10 GHz.
Tropo prediction maps by William Hepburn
Long tropospheric paths in the Mediterranean
Real time propagation maps for 50 MHz, 70 MHz y 144 MHz
Map of tropospheric ducting QSO on 144 MHZ on 12/jul/2021
Map of marine tropo QSO above 2000 Km. made from D4 on 144 MHz in 2021.
Tropospheric scatter
It is also known as a "tropo" although the signal propagation mechanism is totally different from that of tropospheric ducting. In this case the signal is scattered in an area of the troposphere that is visible by both antennas.
The "Troposcatter" consists of the scattering of radio waves in the troposphere, caused by irregularities in the atmosphere. The troposphere is the part of the atmosphere that goes from the surface of the earth to the tropopause, which is at an altitude of approximately 10 km. Above the tropopause the temperature is constant, there is very little humidity and the air is calm, therefore there are very few irregularities that can scatter radio signals.
Affected bands: All VHF, UHF and SHF bands. Tropospheric Scattering is independent of the frequency from 144 MHz to above 10 GHz. At lower frequencies the wavelength becomes larger compared to the typical scattering cell, so its effect is less. Above 10 GHz, dispersion also takes place, but the absorption of oxygen and water vapor must be taken into account. However, even at 10 GHz this absorption does not represent more than 5 dB of losses per 1,000 km.
Dates / times: The height of the troposphere varies from summer to winter and also according to latitude, which influences the possibilities of DX. The tropopause is the upper limit of the troposphere, which contains most of the cells that scatter our radio signals. The higher the tropopause, the higher the cells will be and consequently the greater the distance at which we can work and the stronger the signals will be.
One of the reasons that conditions are better in summer is because the tropopause is higher. The other is that the refractive index is higher, which extends the radius horizon.
Duration: It is always present to a greater or lesser extent, every day of the year and at any time.
Signal strength: In general, signals will never be very strong and require antennas with a certain gain and a medium or high power level.
Fading (QSB) of the signal: The slow QSB is produced by general changes in the refractive conditions of the atmosphere, while the fast QSB is due to the movements of the small irregularities responsible for the dispersion process.
The frequency of the mid fading of the signal increases proportionally with distance and frequency. On VHF it is a few fades per minute, on UHF a few fades per second and in 10 GHz it is about twenty per second, which produces shaky audio. The frequency of this "fading" is inversely proportional to the dispersion conditions. The better the conditions, the lower the QSB.
Signals are generally relatively stable, with a QSB of about 13 to 20 dB at distances less than 300 km and only a few dB at distances greater than 500 km.
Signal alterations: A scattering is made up of multiple simultaneous reflections from many small objects (scattering cells). If all these resulting signals arrive in phase at the receiver, the dispersion is said to be coherent and the signal quality is perfect. If these signals arrive with different phases, the dispersion is incoherent and the signal sounds distorted. Forward tropospheric scatter is nearly consistent, so signal quality is good when using SSB, CW, or digital modes.
In long distance contacts the signal suffers a slight distortion because the angle of dispersion increases with the distance (In a QSO at 700 km the angle of dispersion is about 5 degrees). Side scatter or back scatter contacts are also possible for better equipped stations. In these cases the antennas are not pointing towards each other but rather both are pointing to the area of the atmosphere where the scattering occurs. The back scatter signals sound distorted, similar to that of Aurora or FAI.
Distance covered: Between 100 and 700 km. As the distance between the stations increases, the dispersion takes place at greater heights of the troposphere. For the most distant DX, the lower part of the "common volume" (volume of the troposphere visible by both antennas, taking into account their radiation lobes) is several km high. One effect of this is that a tall mountain midway between two very distant stations has no influence on the signal since the scattering occurs above the mountain.
Predictability: It is always present to a greater or lesser extent, every day of the year and at any time.
Sample audios:
F5XAL beacon received by EA6VQ. A typical troposcatter CW signal on 144 MHz, weak but stable.
7X2LS working I8IEM. A good example of a strong SSB signal on 144 MHz by troposcatter.
Sporadic E
Propagation by Sporadic E (also called "Sporadic", "E-Sporadic" or "ES") occurs due to an unusual ionization of regions of the E layer of the ionosphere, between 90 and 120 km high. These regions are commonly called "sporadic clouds" and their size, thickness and level of ionization determine the characteristics of the particular opening.
In order to make contacts, it is necessary to have a line of sight with the "cloud" and to be at a certain distance from it, a distance that varies according to its level of ionization. Contrary to what would seem logical, a higher level of ionization is necessary to be able to make contacts at shorter distances ("short skip").
Affected bands: All VHF bands up to 300 MHz and even the 10m and 12m HF bands. The duration and intensity of the opening is greater as lower is the frequency. Sporadic openings are common on 28 and 50 MHz, less common on 70 MHz, much less common on 144 MHz and extremely rare on 220 MHz. No Sporadic E has ever been detected that would allow contacts at frequencies above 300 MHz.
A remarkable characteristic is that the maximum usable frequency (MUF) is directly proportional to the ionization level of the sporadic cloud. In other words, if the sporadic has reached a MUF of 100 MHz, communications can be made at any frequency lower than 100. MHz, but not at higher frequencies. For lovers of VHF bands, part of the hobby is to follow the evolution of the MUF, in order to know in which bands to pay attention for possible contacts.
Dates / hours: The openings of Sporadic E occur mainly in the summer months of each hemisphere, although there is also a much less intense sporadic season in the winter months. Most of them take place in daylight hours, being very rare several hours before dawn or several hours after dusk. For the 28 and 50 MHz bands in the northern hemisphere, they usually occur from mid-April to mid-September and in 144 MHz from mid-May to mid-August.
Duration: From a few seconds to several hours. In the case of openings of a few seconds it can be difficult to distinguish it from meteor reflections, being necessary to evaluate the general conditions of the band in other locations. For example, if we are in Europe and there is a sporadic cloud over Europe, at a suitable distance, it is most likely that the signal has been reflected in the cloud, whose MUF has risen momentarily.
The duration of the openings of Sporadic E is inversely proportional to the frequency, that is to say that the same opening can last hours in 50 MHz, slightly less in 70 MHz and only a few minutes in 144 MHz, in case it reaches the MUF required.
Signal Strength: Sporadic E signals vary rapidly and constantly in intensity, but it is common to hear huge signals, as if they were from a local station.
Fading (QSB) of the signal: Usually a very fast and pronounced QSB is produced. The signals go from being extremely loud to totally disappearing in seconds, and vice versa. This is one of the main characteristics that allows it to be distinguished from tropospheric or "tropo" propagation. The QSB is more pronounced as higher is the frequency, that is, the signals are more stable at 50 MHz than at 144 MHz, for example.
Distance covered: The jump distance depends on the specific height of the cloud in the E layer of the ionosphere and its ionization level. About 600-2500 km for frequencies below 80 MHz and 800-2500 km for 144 MHz. In the 50 MHz band and below it is quite common that sporadic multi-hop conditions take place, intercontinental contacts are not rare at great distances thanks to 3, 4 or even more consecutive and aligned jumps. At 144 MHz double hop contacts also occasionally occur, but none have ever been made for three hops or more. Back scatter conditions can also occur at 50 MHz.
Predictability: The cause of the exaggerated ionization of the E layer that causes sporadic-E openings is unknown, therefore it is totally unpredictable in the medium term. There are various theories about its cause, from the effect of the disintegration of meteorites to others that relate it to a compression of the plasma due to the ascending atmospheric conditions of lower layers. The truth is that none of these theories explains the phenomenon 100%, so it is most likely due to a "sporadic" combination of various factors. In the short term it is possible to follow the evolution of the MUF and when it rises approaching the working frequency, it will be the time to pay attention to the band of interest, always pointing the antenna towards the cloud.
A strong SSB signal without QSB. Recorded by GM4JJJ
A CW signal of average strength with a fast and deep QSB, typical of the Sporadic-E. Recorded by GM4JJJ
Real time location and MUF of the sporadic-E clouds
Animated maps of 144 MHz sporadic-E openings
Map of some ES QSO on 144 MHz showing the typical star pattern,
being the cloud in the middle
Map of some QSO by sporadic-E double hop on 144 MHz
Map of some QSO by multi-hop sporadic-E on 50 MHz in 2021
Meteor Scatter
The propagation by Meteoric Scatter (or MS) occurs due to the ionization produced by meteorites when they fall on the earth and disintegrate in the E layer of the ionosphere, between 90 and 120 km of height. In the same way that meteorites leave a light trail (shooting star) they also leave an ionized trail that allows the momentary reflection of VHF signals.
As the duration of the reflections is very short, normally less than a second, it requires special techniques to be able to complete a contact between two stations, with the exception of the most important meteor showers in which even very brief contacts are possible in SSB.
Affected bands: All VHF bands and even eventually UHF contacts have been made between stations with large antennas and good power. Reflections are more frequent, of longer duration and intensity in the lower bands (50 and 70 MHz), decreasing as the frequency increases. At 144 MHz it is still relatively easy to make contacts by this mode, but at higher frequencies like 432 MHz it is only possible between stations with large antennas and a lot of power, being difficult even so.
Dates / hours: Two types of meteorites are distinguished: those associated with a shower (The Perseids in August are the best known and most important) and sporadic ones, the latter being present any day of the year at any time, since the earth is impacted constantly by small meteorites no bigger than a grain of rice.
For a meteor shower to generate trails, it is logically necessary that its radiant (an imaginary point in the sky from which meteorites appear to radiate) is above the horizon. The main sources of information on dates and best times of the main rains is the website of the International Meteorite Organization (IMO).
On the other hand, sporadic meteorites, despite falling 24 hours a day, produce more intense signals in the early hours of the morning, from a few hours before sunrise to a few hours after it.
Duration: With the exception of the meteorites of the most important showers, which can generate large trails that maintain sufficient ionization for several seconds (even several minutes), 99.9% of the reflections have a duration of less than one second, in many cases a few tens of milliseconds, so they are only useful for the purpose of making contacts using specialized techniques, which currently rely on the use of high-speed digital modes, mainly the MSK144.
The duration of the reflections is longer in the lower frequencies (50 MHz) and shorter as it increases.
Signal strength: The signals are normally of medium intensity, but depending on the level of ionization they can become very intense, almost as if it was Sporadic E. The degree of ionization depends on the mass of the meteorite and its speed when passing through the ionosphere.
Fading (QSB) of the signal: Being an intermittent mode and normally with very short reflections, it does not make much sense to talk about QSB, although it is true that in reflections of several seconds, during main showers, a very pronounced QSB is noticeable during the reflection, in a similar way to Sporadic-E.
Signal alterations: The signals propagated by this system can be affected by the Doppler effect, depending on the relative direction and speed of the meteorite.
Distance covered: Normally between 800 and 2300 km for "normal" contacts in which the meteor trail is approximately halfway between the two antennas. However, it is also possible to make oblique contacts (side scatter) and even backwards (back scatter) for distances below 800 km. On very rare occasions and only between stations with large antennas and high powers, double jump contacts have been achieved, taking several hours to complete the QSO.
Predictability: In the case of meteor showers, it is possible to calculate the days and hours with the best conditions (see IMO website). One of the most important parameters to take into account is the ZHR which indicates the expected number of meteorites per hour.
SSB signals during the Leonids shower in 2002 received in en EA6 (MP3 - 226 Kb)
A long reflection (burst) in high speed CW (HSCW - 1500 lpm) from SV/DL5MAE received by EA6VQ (MP3 - 79 Kb)
Two short reflections (pings) in FSK441 from W8WN recorded by K1UHF (MP3 - 8 Kb)
More recordings of SSB signals during the Leonids shower in 2002.
Calendar and data of the main meteor showers (IMO)
Map of some QSO by MS in Europe on 144 MHz in January 2021
Map of some QSO by MS in the USA on 50 MHz in January 2021
Field Aligned Irregularities (FAI)
This is a fairly "exotic" mode of propagation that is produced by alterations in the magnetic field at certain specific points on the planet that cause the signals to bend along the lines of the magnetic field. The specific mechanisms by which these alterations occur are unknown.
In Europe the most important point and of which I personally know is located in the western part of the Alps and the stations always pointing their antennas towards that point can contact each other. From the Spanish east, for example, you can contact French stations, northern Italy, Croatia, Slovenia, Hungary, Austria, etc. It is necessary to emphasize that all stations must beam to the point where the magnetic field alteration occurs, not to each other.
Affected bands: It is a relatively common phenomenon in the 144 MHz band, with no evidence that it affects other bands. It is possible that the fact that it requires high gain antennas prevents it from being detected in lower bands such as 50 MHz, where groups of 4 or 8 phased antennas are not common.
Dates / hours: FAI openings normally take place in the late afternoon or early evening, during the months of May to August in the case of the northern hemisphere.
Duration: From a few minutes to several hours.
Signal strength: Signals are normally very weak, requiring high gain antennas and enough power to make contacts.
Fading (QSB) of the signal: The signals are quite stable, with little QSB.
Signal alterations: The signals propagated by this system suffer from a marked distortion similar to the Aurora signals, the use of SSB is impossible in most cases and therefore practically restricting its use to CW. It is therefore not possible to use digital modes, so since the mass adoption of modes such as the JT65 or the FT8 the number of QSO by FAI has been reduced to its minimum expression, but in the 1980s and 1990s it was a propagation mode frequently used by many stations in CW and even in SSB.
Distance covered: Normally between 800 and 2300 km.
Predictability: It cannot be predicted in the medium term, but FAI openings frequently occur at the end of a sporadic-E opening.
A typical CW signal, recorded by I3LGP (MP3 - 282 Kb)
EA6VQ calling CQ in SSB recorded by OE6IWG, with little signal distortion in this case (MP3 - 95 Kb)
We all have in mind the spectacular curtains of the Northern Lights (Northern Hemisphere) and the Southern Lights (Southern Hemisphere). In a similar way, electrically charged particles from the solar wind are trapped by the earth's magnetic field and redirected towards its magnetic poles, where they produce plasma instability at an altitude of 80-120 km. As a consequence, this region of the E layer of the Ionosphere causes the known blocking of HF signals, but at the same time it can cause the deviation of VHF signals, allowing communication over long distances.
It is necessary to emphasize that all stations must point their antennas to the point where the alteration of the E layer occurs, not to each other.
On the other hand, due to these alterations occurring near the earth's magnetic poles, it is a propagation mode normally only usable by the stations closest to said poles. In the case of Europe, the stations of the northern countries (United Kingdom, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Norway, etc.) can contact each other relatively often when the Aurora opening occurs, but the stations further south will rarely be able to contact each other or take advantage of them. Under very, very exceptional conditions (maybe once every eleven years or so) there have been stations in the south of France, and even Spain and Italy, that have made some contact by Aurora.
Affected bands: All VHF bands, but the signals are better when the frequency is lower.
Dates / hours: Aurora openings are dependent on solar storms, but tend to be more frequent on dates close to the equinoxes, mainly in the afternoons and nights.
Signal alterations: The signals propagated by this system suffer from a marked distortion, being difficult to use SSB in most cases and therefore practically restricting its use to CW. It is therefore not possible to use digital modes.
Predictability: It can be predicted to some extend following the conditions of the Sun and specifically the so-called solar storms. In this sense, the DXMAPS propagation maps have the possibility of selecting an "Aurora Prediction" layer that overlays the prediction data generated by NOAA on the maps.
SSB signal on 50 MHz. Recorded by VA6DX (MP3 - 47 Kb)
CW signal on 50 MHz. Recorded by VE5UF (MP3 - 40 Kb)
SSB signal on 144 MHz. (very distorted!) Recorded by W2RS (MP3 - 38 Kb)
CW signal on 144 MHz. Recorded by VE5UF (MP3 - 40 Kb)
Curious video recorded by LA7DFA of the CW signal on 50 MHz of EA6VQ in a combination of sporadic-E and Aurora, showing the typical distorted signal of Aurora.
NOAA Aurora preditions
Sample of a DXMAPS propagation map showing the Aurora forecast
Map of QSO by Aurora on 144 MHz in April 2021. QSO lines are from station to station and
do no correspond to the real path followed by signals after being bent by the Aurora
Moon Bounce (EME)
As the name suggests, this mode uses the Moon to reflect signals back to Earth. It is a very specialized mode that, due to the high losses of the Earth-Moon-Earth circuit, generally requires large groups of antennas and high power to perform QSO on a regular basis. However, since the advent of the JT65 mode and its much higher sensitivity than CW, there are many stations with modest installations (a single antenna and a few hundred watts) that eventually make Moon Bounce contacts.
Ideally, the ability to raise the antenna is required to follow the Moon, but even stations that do not have elevation can make contacts at the rising and setting of our satellite. The vertical radiation lobes of a Yagi allow EME to work while the Moon is less than 15 degrees above the horizon, providing approximately 3 hours of operation on each "pass" of the Moon.
Affected bands: All VHF, UHF and SHF bands. Each band has its particular challenges since the attenuation of the circuit, Doppler effect, cosmic noise, etc. depend on the frequency.
At 50 MHz the activity is relatively low due to the prohibitive size of the antennas and in practically all cases the JT65A digital mode is used.
The band with the most activity by far is 144 MHz, where the JT65B mode is mainly used, there is still a residual activity in CW.
At 432 MHz there is also activity, although less, mainly in the JT65C mode.
On 1296 MHz and microwaves the activity is much lower, also in JT65C mode and to a lesser extent in CW and SSB, because due to the possibility of installing high gain parabolic antennas the signals can be stronger.
Currently (summer 2021) they are experimenting with a new Q65 digital mode, which could replace the JT65 in the medium term.
Dates / times: Obviously the essential requirement to make a Moon Bounce contact is that both stations have the Moon visible. However, there are several factors that affect the signal strength, such as the distance between the Earth and the Moon and the position of the latter in relation to the cosmic background (greater cosmic background noise in some regions of the sky).
Duration: Contacts are possible while the Moon is above the horizon.
Signal strength: Signals are normally extremely weak, requiring high gain antennas and enough power to be able to make regular contacts.
Fading (QSB) of the signal: Signals when crossing the ionosphere undergo random changes of unpredictable duration in their polarization, which is constantly rotating (Faraday rotation). When using linearly polarized antennas, the signal can vary by up to 20 dB if the polarization of the signal is 90 degrees out of phase with the polarization of the antenna. To minimize this effect, it is common for EME stations to use dual polarization antennas (horizontal and vertical) in order to be able to choose the most convenient at a certain time and some even use dual reception systems (sometimes called "stereo"), which allow to receive both polarizations at the same time.
Signal alterations: The signals propagated by this system suffer from the Doppler effect caused by the movement of the Moon. The variation of the frequency due to the Doppler increases with the frequency, being little important in the lower frequencies (50 and 144 MHz) but it can become a problem in higher frequencies, especially in microwaves. The Doppler at a given time can be calculated by specific Moon tracking programs.
Distance covered: It is possible to contact any place on Earth, since the two antennas at one time or another will always have the Moon visible simultaneously, which is called a "common window". The more remote the stations are, the shorter the duration of said "common window" will be.
Predictability: EME conditions have a predictable part and an unpredictable part:
The distance between the Earth and the Moon and the position of the Moon on the noisy cosmic background are predictable and can be calculated by specific Moon tracking programs that calculate the degradation in dB (DGRD) from optimal conditions, which occur when the Moon is as close to Earth as possible and is also in the region of the sky with less cosmic noise. The lower the DGRD, the better the conditions.
The Faraday rotation, which is the polarization rotation that the signal undergoes as it passes through the ionosphere, is unpredictable.
KB8RQ calling CQ in CW received via Moon by EA6VQ with 4x17 el. (MP3 - 90 Kb)
Signal of S52LM in JT65B, received by EA6VQ via Moon with 8x17 elem (MP3 - 363 Kb)
RN6BN in SSB (64x15 elem.), received by SM5CUI on 2m. (MP3 - 340 Kb)
SM7BAE in SSB (8x20 elem.), received by EA6VQ on 2m. with 8x17 elem. (MP3 - 431 Kb)
Echo of the own signal of EA6VQ reflected off the Moon. Notice the delay of about 2.5 seconds (MP3 - 84 Kb)
Signal of EA6VQ in CW received by DD0VF via Moon with 4x7 elements (MP3 - 88 Kb)
Some recordings of the audible signal of (8x17 elem. & 8877) in JT65B as received by Moon Bounce by small stations.
Received by OH6ZZ at -13 dB with two 10 el.-3wl Yagi ( MP3 - 363 Kb)
Received byr OZ1PIF with a single 3.6 wl Yagi, 13.2 dBdi (MP3 - 349 Kb)
Received by DG0OPK at -17 dB with single 3wl Yagi, 13dBd (MP3 - 364 Kb)
Received by F6FGZ at -19 dB with a 8 el. J-beam quad (MP3 - 363 Kb)
Received by OH9O at -14 dB with two 8 el. Yagi, 14.9dBd (MP3 - 363 Kb)
Received by PA3CWN with a single 12 el. Yagi. (MP3 - 367 Kb)
N0UK EME chat, used mainly by 144 MHz stations
HB9Q EME chat, used mainly by 432 MHz and up stations
ON4KST EME chat, used mainly by 50 MHz stations
LiveCQ, for knowing in real time the frequency in which stations are calling CQ on 144, 432 and 1296 MHz.
Introduction to Moon Bounce in JT65
On-line EME conditions calculator
Yearly calendar of the best EME conditions
Moon bounce information (links)
Ionospheric scattering
Ionospheric scatter ("Iono scatter") is due to alterations of the D layer of the ionosphere induced by solar radiation.
Affected bands: Better at low VHF frequencies such as 50 MHz. At 144 MHz it is possible but unusual.
Dates / times: The best openings take place in summer. The best hours are around noon and the worst after dark.
Duration: Several hours.
Signal strength: Signals are normally very weak, requiring high gain antennas and enough power to make contacts. At 50 MHz the losses in the circuit are estimated at about 225 dB.
Fading (QSB) of the signal: Signals are quite stable, with little QSB.
Signal alterations: There are no significant signal disturbances, but due to weak signals it is only possible to use CW or weak signal digital modes (JT65, FT8, Q65 ....)
Predictability: They cannot be predicted in the medium term.
Signal of SM5FRH on 144 MHz recorded by G7RAU (You can notice that he was using a narrow CW filter) (MP3 - 26 Kb)
Map of some QSO by iono scatter on 50 MHz
Trans-equatorial (TEP)
Trans-equatorial propagation allows stations in the northern hemisphere to contact stations in the southern hemisphere (and vice versa) that are approximately at the same distance from the magnetic equator, as long as the signal passes through it approximately perpendicularly.
There are two types of Trans-equatorial:
Type I, also known as afternoon TEP, usually takes place between 2:00 p.m. and 7:00 p.m. (local time) and is only usable for frequencies up to 70 MHz.
Type II, also known as evening TEP, usually takes place between 20:00 and 23:00 (local time) and is usable for frequencies up to 432 MHz (or perhaps even higher)
Affected bands: All VHF and UHF bands. In 50 MHz and 70 MHz it is quite common, while in 144 MHz it is only common in the American sector.
In the Euro-African sector, quite a few openings of Type II TEP were detected on 144 MHz between 1978 and 1990, no more having been reported since then, for unknown reasons. In the same way, between 1978 and 1999, quite a few openings were reported on 144 MHz between Japan and Australia, neither having been reported any more later.
Dates / times: TEP occurs on dates around the equinoxes, especially in the autumn, approximately between 2 p.m. and 7 p.m. for type I TEP and between 8 p.m. and 11 p.m. for type II TEP (local hours). It is highly influenced by solar activity, so good TEP openings (at least Type I) occur in the years of maximum activity in the solar cycle. In the case of Type II TEP, this relationship is not so clear.
Signal strength: Signals are usually quite strong, although not always.
Fading (QSB) of the signal: Signals have some QSB, sometimes quite pronounced.
Signal alterations: The signal can present minor Doppler variations and in many cases a significant distortion that makes it difficult or even prevents the use of digital modes.
Distance covered: Normally between 6000 and 9000 km in the case of Type I and between 3000 and 8000 km for Type II.
Predictability: They cannot be predicted other than by their occurrence on the dates and times mentioned above.
Signals on 50 MHz
ZS6PW beacon received by PA2HJS in March, 1979 (RA - 10 Kb)
5H3RA received by PA2HJS in May, 1992 (RA - 13 Kb)
Signals on 144 MHz
ZS6DN beacon recorded by SV1DH in November, 1978 at 1720Z at a distance of 7121 Km! (MP3 - 71 Kb)
LU6FEC working YV4MT in FM in December, 2005 (MP3 - 126 Kb)
8P6JB working PY2ZX in FM in January, 2005 (MP3 - 106 Kb)
Long recording of the signal of PY5EW in SSB received by FJ5DX (MP3 - 663 Kb)
1st TEP QSO between Sao Paulo and Caribbean on 2 meters, 8P6JB w/ PY2OC via Barbados repeater. 0200 Z, 24 jan 2005.
8P6JB point-to-point QSO with PY2ZX on 2 meters FM, 0231 Z, 25 jan 2005.
Signals of FM broadcast stations from the Caribbean received in the area of St. Paulo, Brazil.
CBC, 94,7 MHz, Barbados, 26 jan 2005.
Hott FM, 95,3 MHz, Barbados, 0001 Z, 24 jan 2005.
Liberty FM, 98,1 MHz, Barbados, 0041 Z, 25 jan 2005.
Example of fast QSB and breaking TEP carrier, unidentified Caribbean station, 100,7 MHz, 0137 Z, 24 jan 2005.
TEP (Transequatorial propagation) on 144 MHz.
Bibliography about TEP
La TEP explicada
Map of TEP QSO on 144 MHz in the Euro-African sector
Map of TEP QSO on 144 MHz between JA & VK
Map of TEP QSO on 144 MHz in the American sector
Map of some TEP QSO on 50 MHz
Rain scatter
Rain scatter is due to the scattering that SHF signals undergo when colliding with raindrops. It allows communications between two stations that simultaneously see the rain zone.
Affected bands: Only in SHF bands, mainly used in 10 GHz.
Dates / hours: At any time since it only requires that there is a common rain zone to the correspondents.
Duration: As long as the rain lasts.
Fading (QSB) of the signal: I do not have data regarding this issue.
Signal alterations: I do not have data regarding this issue.
Distance covered: I do not have data regarding this issue.
Predictability: That associated with weather forecasts.
An interesting recording on 10 GHz thanks to GM4JJJ (MP3 - 16 Kb)
Real time SHF propagation maps
As its name indicates, this mode of propagation is the result of ionization of the F2 layer of the ionosphere. It is the same propagation mode that allows most contacts on the HF bands.
Affected bands: Only the 50 MHz band, apart from HF. The maximum possible frequency is about 60 MHz.
Dates / hours: As it requires a very strong ionization of the ionosphere, it can only occur during the years of the maximum solar cycle and only if the solar flux (SFI) is extraordinarily high. As in the case of the 28 MHz band, it usually only takes place during daylight hours and until shortly after dark.
The last 50 MHz "pure" F2 opening that I am aware of occurred in March 2002 during the peak of Solar Cycle 23, as Solar Cycle 24 was too weak to allow 50 MHz F2 contacts.
Duration: From a few minutes to several hours
Signal strength: The signals are normally very strong, with modest antennas and little power being enough to make the contacts.
Fading (QSB) of the signal: It usually follows a fast-slow-fast pattern.
Distance covered: Between 3000 and 12000 Km.
Predictability: Hardly predictable, except for the maintenance of the Solar Flux Index (SFI) at exceptionally high values for several days.
Very strong SSB signal of KG6DX (Guam) on 50 MHz received in Europe in March 1991
Signal of JH6CYW in CW on 50 MHz received in Europe in February 1992.
Real time propagation maps for 50 MHz


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Class C RVs are motorhomes that fall right in between Class A and Class B RVs. They are built on a truck or van chassis and have an attached cab section that includes a bed compartment. Class C motorhomes are typically easier to drive than the larger Class A models considering they are smaller in size and, as we mentioned previously, are built on a truck chassis. These mid-sized RVs range in size, but most Class C RVs fall in between 20 ft. to 30 ft. in length. These models are great for families, campers, and full-timers as they can sleep 4 to 8 people comfortably (depending on model) and have additional storage space for longer trips.
If you have ever been inside or driven a moving truck, you'll recognize the feel of a Class C motorhome right away, but not to worry, they include more than empty storage space in the back. Class C RVs can be very luxurious and include a wide range of amenities like full kitchens, bathrooms, living rooms, cab-over beds, fold-out beds, and more. If you are traveling with family, many Class C RVs also include a bunkhouse feature perfect for kids. It's important to think about your specific travel needs when selecting a Class C RV as they have a variety of different layouts that will cater to you!
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Club Exhibition - 23rd October.
Next Sunday we have over 100 Years of football history for you to enjoy!
On Sunday 23rd October Buntingford Town FC will be holding an exhibition of photos, memorabilia and other items about the club, which has been in existence since 1897.
We shall also be installing a clock at The Bury in memory of Buntingford's Frank Aylott, who was for so many years the mainstay of our club.
Entry is free, and the exhibition will run from 10:30am until 12:30pm; the clock will be unveiled at 12:30pm, after the Veterans' match which will take place during the morning.
Obviously everyone is welcome to attend, but it would be great to see anyone who has been involved with the club in the past - former players and officials are especially welcome, and it would be great to meet old friends and chat about old times.
It would also be fantastic to welcome visitors who are involved with other clubs, in particular those of you who can remember Frank.
We hope to see you all on Sunday!
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Hydroflask will keep water icy cold on a hot sunny beach. And serve up a hot coffee on the chairlift ride. Hydroflask will sit patiently by your camp chair with frosty cold beer while you gather wood for the fire. Or keep you hydrated on a hike: ice, water, go. And five hours later, after driving to the trailhead and climbing 2,000 feet, you'll still have ice and water while you enjoy the view. Hydroflask will bring you hot tea on misty riverside mornings when the steelhead are running, hot cocoa to coax your kids along a snowy trail, and a refreshing sip of "all-about-you" during Saturday afternoon yoga. Hydroflask is not just along for the ride. It is along to help make the ride awesome.


An IDEAL LOCATION for the over 60's being 0.4 miles from Stourport town centre.
This one bedroom apartment offers WELL-PRESENTED accommodation, with modern decor and benefits from having a security entrance intercom system. The GOOD SIZED lounge benefits from having two double glazed windows and leads through to the wood effect fitted kitchen, which has integrated appliances. The double master bedroom benefits from having a double mirror fronted wardrobe.
Mitton Lodge provides a lift to all floors and also offers communal areas for its residents to include a lounge, laundry room, gardens and parking. If the need arises, there is also a suite which relatives can hire (there will be a charge).
* mileage is approximate and provided by an on-line source.
Communal areas to include lounge, laundry room, gardens and parking.
Having staircase and lift to all floors.
There is a communal lounge, laundry room and guest suite (which is chargeable).
Fitted kitchen with wall and base units, complementary work surfaces with splashback tiling, single drainer stainless steel sink unit. Integrated ceramic hob with cookerhood over and tower unit housing an eye-level electric oven and under-counter fridge and freezer. Extractor fan, coved ceiling, wall mounted heater and double glazed window.
Bedroom 17' 9" (max-incl. wardrobe) x 9' 4" (excl. door recess) ( 5.41m (max-incl. wardrobe) x 2.84m (excl.
Double glazed window, built-in wardrobe with mirrored doors, TV aerial point, loft access, telephone point and wall mounted electric heater.
Suite comprising shower cubicle, vanity wash hand basin and low level flush WC. Tiling to walls, extractor fan, shaver point with light, coved ceiling and heated towel rail.
There are communal gardens and parking. Please note that the parking is on a first come first served basis and there are no allocated parking spaces.