LANDSCAPE PHOTOGRAPHY FROM THE WESTERN UNITED STATES BY RICHARD ROWNAK, OCEANSCAPES LANDSCAPES, SUNSETS, MOUNTAINS, DESERTS, BEAUTIFUL COLORS FROM NATURE"
Many landscape photographers show little or no human activity in their photos, striving to attain pure, unsullied landscapes that are devoid of human influence, using instead subjects such as strongly defined landforms, weather, and ambient light. Despite this, there is no pure or absolute definition of what makes a landscape in photography, as such it has become very broad term, encompassing urban, industrial, macro and nature photography. A beach full of parasols and sunbathers can be a landscape photo, but so can the view through an electron microscope, which shows a different type of landscape. Waterfalls, coastlines, seascapes and mountains are especially popular in classic landscape photography. Though many photographs are inspired by traditional landscape painting, the term in photography broader; most places and things can be photographed as a landscape, a kitchen, a lamp, a wall, or even the human body can be turned into a rolling vista by a skilled photographer. A crucial element of landscape photography is the light to the scenery. Preferred times are dusk or dawn with low angle light which renders the landscape with low contrast and sidelight. This light adds a feeling of depth to the picture and the low contrast usually is beneficial for the picture as there are no harsh contrasts and the very details can be captured. Notable landscape photographers include Ansel Adams, Galen Rowell and Edward Weston.
From its beginnings and continuing into the present era, some of the most important and celebrated landscape photographers have been motivated not only by artistic aims but also by a love of the natural environment, as well as a desire to see it preserved. For example, Ansel Adams, acknowledged as a pioneer in landscape photography and one of its greatest practitioners, wrote that "It is horrifying that we have to fight our own government to save the environment. More recently, Galen Rowell, in an interview with BBC journalist Simon Willis, said, "The reason that I keep writing is that all my most powerful messages about the fates of wild places that I care about need to have words as well as images."
The genre often calls for high resolution DSLR, Medium or Large Format cameras to record the very details of the scenery. For digital cameras, the preferred file format is RAW, as RAW allows to record a wider dynamic range and all information is retained. With RAW, the camera does not process the file in a destructive way, all information is kept, resulting in significant high file sizes.
Usually wide angle lens (24 mm and 35 mm are especially popular) are used to capture the vast scenery of a landscape. For artistic expression, telephoto lenses are used to compress the scenery and emphasize certain aspects (e.g. rendering the moon very big beyond a mountain ridge). For high quality, the lenses are very often prime lenses rather than zoom lenses. Some landscape photographers however prefer medium telephoto lenses and prefer to capture a typical part of a particular scene revealing the detail of the landscape rather than use wide angle lenses that show the vastness of the scene but which lack detail and can be non-specific.
To reduce contrast or control exposure, a split neutral density or polarizing filter are used very often. Neutral density filters are used to extend exposure and allow to include motion blur (e.g. for waterfalls or waves) in the scenery. Control of contrast was the major motivator to create the Zone System, often associated with Ansel Adams. Today, the Zone System may become obsolete for digital landscape photographers as HDR allows a very good control of contrast by combining several exposures of the scenery to one single picture.
A tripod and a cable release is very often used for landscape photography as this allows minimal camera shake and thus very sharp pictures.
Digital Photography has provided landscape photographers with a very useful post production tool. Conventional photographs give pictures revealing the best average of brightness and colour. HDR post production work allows the photographer to darken and brighten particular parts of the overall scene ( skies often appear brighter in photographs than originally seen) or to tweak colours either to give a more accurate rendition of the scene as seen originally by the photographer or to dramatically enhanse it as in boosting yellows for instance to make an autumnal picture look more so. Burning and dodging have always been used in black and white photography to make landscapes more artistic but difficult to do in colour before the advent of digital photography.


Tooting SW17 may possess down-home charm and good curry houses, but it's not a district known for its architecture... is it? Well, the Totterdown Fields Estate begs to differ. This early 20th century grid of streets brings together two turn-of-the-century strands – Ebenezer Howard's Garden City movement and picturesque Arts & Crafts architecture – and applies them to domestic London dwellings, illustrating how 'social housing' (as it is now known) can, with a bit of application and imagination, surpass itself.
The estate's roots lie in a forward-thinking London County Council (LCC) initiative of 1892 called Housing of the Working Classes. Infused by the socialist and architectural philosophies of William Morris, Philip Webb and WR Lethaby, and with designs led by architect Owen Fleming – a man so purist he chose to live in an East End tenement – the 'cottage estate' was built in 1911.
Near Tooting Common and attached to central London by tram, Totterdown's houses came in four different kinds and had the detailing beloved of Morris, Webb and Howard: steep gables, Tudor-style chimneys, bay windows and porches, and with front and back gardens, considered 'small but civilising'.
Inside, the homes had living rooms, kitchens, sculleries; even gas ovens, baths and fitted dressers. These were worthy homes for the labouring classes, and a Conservation Area listing and 'heritage boards' now underline their historic status.
Elements of Arts & Crafts style: heavy gables; front and back gardens; tall Tudor-style chimneys; gridded, gently curved street layout with tree-lined roads. Cottages originally had a coal bunker in the scullery.
Journalist, Oliver Bennett lives in a late Victorian house in central London and specialises in property, architecture and the built environment. He has worked on several newspapers including the Independent, Telegraph and the Sunday Times, and has contributed to many more magazines from Grand Designs to Homes and Gardens.


Adding this minor to your curriculum will provide enhanced understanding of Japan's language and culture. You'll learn from expert faculty through course work that complements a broad range of major programs.
Complete 18 hours in Japanese beyond JPN 101 and JPN 102. Six hours from the following courses may also count toward this minor: ANT 334(3), ART 274(3), LLT 215(3-6), or REL 357(3).
This course is the first part of the introductory sequence in Japanese. Students acquire Novice Mid-level proficiency in the interpersonal, interpretive, and presentational communicative modes and begin to explore the cultural perspectives, products, and practices of Japanese-speaking peoples.
Prerequisite: C or better in JPN 101.
This course is the second part of the introductory sequence in Japanese. Students reinforce Novice Mid-level proficiency and acquire Novice High-level competence in the interpersonal, interpretive, and presentational communicative modes while continuing to explore the cultural perspectives, products, and practices of Japanese-speaking peoples.
Prerequisite: C or better in JPN 102.
This course is the first part of the intermediate sequence in Japanese. Students reinforce Novice High-Level proficiency and acquire Intermediate Low-level competence in the interpersonal, interpretive, and presentational communicative modes while continuing to explore the cultural perspectives, products, and practices of Japanese-speaking peoples.
Prerequisite: C or better in JPN 201.
This course is the second part of the intermediate sequence in Japanese. Students reinforce Intermediate Low-Level proficiency and acquire Intermediate Mid-level competence in the interpersonal, interpretive, and presentational communicative modes while continuing to explore the cultural perspectives, products, and practices of Japanese-speaking peoples.
Prerequisite: permission of instructor and department head.
Topics of selected interest in Japanese studies, including travel courses to Japanese-speaking countries. The specific subject matter and/or international component may change from semester to semester according to resources and demand. May be repeated, as topics change, to a maximum of 6 credit hours. Variable content course.
This course is designed to further develop and refine students' reading and speaking skills through readings of short texts, group discussions, and free conversation.
This course is designed to help students strengthen and expand their reading and writing skills in Japanese through the reading of authentic Japanese articles, grammar review, writing and Kanji practice.
To add a minor, visit the Academic Advisement Center in University Hall 109.


Originally called a "directress", the Montessori teacher functions as a designer of the environment, a resource person, role model, demonstrator, record-keeper and meticulous observer of each child's behavior and growth. The teacher facilitates learning. The teacher remains in the background, guiding each child in the use of the materials (which are selfcorrective) and then leaves the child to practice and perfect the understanding of the lesson. The teacher deals with the child as an individual worthy of respect and the only active agent in the learning process. Extensive training is required for a full Montessori credential.


text:
package com.lordmau5.ffs.init;

import com.lordmau5.ffs.FancyFluidStorage;
import net.minecraft.item.ItemStack;
import net.minecraftforge.fml.common.registry.GameRegistry;

/**
 * Created by Gigabit101 on 31/07/2017.
 */
public class ModRecipes {
    public static void init() {
        GameRegistry.addSmelting(FancyFluidStorage.itemTitEgg, new ItemStack(FancyFluidStorage.itemTit), 0);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Corn roasts. mark the end of summer—so why not celebrate with something new this year? Forget the traditional butter-and-salt combo and go for something completely different.
We all know how to cook corn on the cob the traditional way: by plunging it into boiling water for 10 minutes or so. The trick is to keep an eye on the clock. Any longer than 10 minutes and your corn will turn mushy. If you want tastier corn, leave some of the husk on the ear before cooking.
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text:
Turning Point: The Trial of Alison Chabloz
June 10, 2018 June 10, 2018 Alison Chabloz
By Karl Radl, first published by Semitic Controversies. Reproduced with kind permission.
Alison Chabloz – the heroic lady who poked fun at the great shibboleth of modern times aka the so-called 'Holocaust' – was convicted of uploading 'three grossly offensive' songs on YouTube by a Magistrates Court presided over by Judge John Zani. (1) Zani is himself the descendant of Italian immigrants to the UK. (2)
Despite the assorted hype being used by jewish publications like Jewish News – the Times of Israel's UK subsidiary – claiming that Zani's verdict was damning. (3) The fact of the matter is that 'Chabloz was convicted under section 127 of the Communications Act 2003 after District Judge John Zani found the material to be "grossly offensive". There is no law specifically against Holocaust denial in the UK.' (4)
While the Jewish Chronicle buried the following important observation at the very end of their article: 'Because District Judge Zani's ruling was at a magistrates' court, it does not set a binding precedent.' (5)
What the Chabloz trial marks is not the 'criminalization' of 'Holocaust Denial', but rather the revision of jewish tactics to suppress the discussion of uncomfortable facts relating to jews, Judaism and the state of Israel. All the way back to their ancestors in Imperial Germany; who tried – largely unsuccessfully – to prevent the criticism of the jews and Judaism. (7)
The jewish community wheeled all but one of their legal big guns to 'take down' a woman from a village in Derbyshire expressing her opinion on a historical event on the internet. We see Anthony Julius – Deborah Lipstadt's barrister in her libel trial against historian David Irving – as well as other jewish community lawyers like Greg Callus and Adam Wagner weighing in. (6) The only one missing as far as I can see is Mark Lewis. (8)
This is hardly new in British history since the jewish community used similar tactics against Arnold Leese – a veteran of the First World War and noted veterinarian specializing in camel diseases – and his Imperial Fascist League (hereafter the IFL) in 1936. When Leese – along with his associate Walter Whitehead – wrote several articles for the IFL's monthly magazine 'The Fascist', which argued that Jewish Ritual Murder was a real phenomenon. (9)
Similarly to Chabloz; the jewish community of the United Kingdom managed to get Leese convicted on a legal technicality for 'causing a public mischief', but this didn't stop Leese's activity and he published a book length defense of his views on Jewish Ritual Murder in 1938. (10) What stopped Leese's activism the Second World War and the creation of Regulation 18B not the legal machinations of the jewish community.
The difference between Chabloz and Leese is threefold.
Firstly Chabloz is not a Fascist but rather a left-wing anti-Zionist and has a well-developed network of supporters within the pro-Palestinian community. This means that she is a less marginal figure than Leese was in the 1930s and since her trial has been covered in major media outlets like the liberal but fiercely pro-Israel newspapers: The Independent. (11) She has been given much more oxygen than Leese was. Since his conviction was only noticed by anti-fascist periodicals and local newspapers without any of the sensation that Chabloz's trial has generated.
Secondly Chabloz has the distinct advantage that she is taking a public stand for an intellectual position that is backed up by some of the most detailed micro historical research that has ever been done by the likes of scholars by Thomas Kues and Carlo Mattogno. She also has the internet which allows people who have heard about her views to ascertain for herself why she 'denies the Holocaust' or 'opposes Israel'.
Thirdly and perhaps most importantly Chabloz has the distinct advantage that the jewish community of twenty-first century Britain is not nearly as careful or circumspect as that same community in the 1930s. The jewish community of Leese's day did not dare to advocate the wholesale prosecution of their critics, but chose to pick their battles relatively carefully. The jewish community of today however has no such tact.
Most notably Gideon Falter of the pro-Israel lobbying group 'Campaign against Antisemitism' has made it very clear that he holds it to be the Crown Prosecution Service's job to be to hunt down any and all critics of jewry and imprison them for daring to commit the cardinal sin of lèse-majesté. (12)
This is the difference because while Leese could only count on a relatively few supporters. Chabloz can count of hundreds if not thousands of activists. The clear injustice of convicting her on a legal technicality for an offence that is not in any way illegal according to the law of the land and then using that conviction to openly demand wholesale censorship is not going to de-radicalise Chabloz's supporters.
In fact it is going to radicalise them and force them to ask uncomfortable questions about who is the real enemy of the Palestinian people.
Is it just the 'Zionists' or is it the jews?
That in turn is going to force the anti-Zionist left – as it has with jewish anti-Zionists like Gilad Atzmon and Paul Eisen – to re-evaluate their critique of the Israel Lobby to a critique of the jewish lobby.
Facts are facts and when you are confronted with a monstrous injustice on the scale of the Chabloz trial. Then it is almost impossible for a moral anti-Zionist not to see – as the old Cross Winds Collective did when they formed the late lamented 'Jewish Tribal Review' – that the Palestinians don't have a Zionist problem.
They have a jewish problem.
Hence Chabloz's conviction by an obscure District Court judge on a legal technicality could well become the point that future historians identify as the turning point in the struggle for a saner, safer world.
(1) https://www.thejc.com/news/uk-news/alison-chabloz-conviction-spur-private-prosections-1.464854
(2) https://www.ancestry.co.uk/name-origin?surname=zani ; http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U42244
(3) http://jewishnews.timesofisrael.com/alison-chabloz-case-the-judges-damning-verdict/
(5) Ibid.
(7) Marjorie Lamberti, 1978, 'Jewish Activism in Imperial Germany: The Struggle for Civil Equality', 1st Edition, Yale University Press: New Haven, pp. 105-122
(8) https://www.timesofisrael.com/uks-foremost-libel-lawyer-sets-his-sights-on-israels-enemies/
(9) Gisela Lebzelter, 1978, 'Political Anti-Semitism in England 1918-1939', 1st Edition, MacMillan: London, p. 82
(10) You can read this for yourself at the following address: http://www.jrbooksonline.com/PDFs/Jewish%20Ritual%20Murder%20JR.pdf
(11) https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/auschwitz-song-nazis-alison-chabloz-antisemitic-jewish-theme-park-london-forum-a8369751.html
(12) https://www.thejc.com/comment/comment/we-will-always-%EF%AC%81ght-to-enforce-the-law-alison-chabloz-caa-gideon-falter-1.464847
Anti-revisionist law, Freedom of expression, nationalism, Politics, Revisionism, Social media, UK, UK law, WW2Alison Chabloz, anti-Semite, anti-Semitic, anti-Semitism, Arnold Leese, Holocaust, Internet, Israel, Israel lobby, Jewish ritual murder, Jews, Karl Radl, Semitic Controversies
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6 thoughts on "Turning Point: The Trial of Alison Chabloz"
Sophie Johnson June 10, 2018 / 3:48 pm
Well done, Karl Radl, and thank you for your fine insights and new perspectives. They, I'm sure, will encourage Alison herself, and us, her confirmed supporters. The appalling treatment of Alison by the Westminster Magistrates' Court, and this court's undisguised bias against her and in favour of the Prosecution, is a story yet to be told. That a court in England dares to behave in this way should be a cause of serious public concern. But, given the nature of our mass media, the public does not know about it.
And one point, re your 'Chabloz's conviction by an obscure District Court judge on a legal technicality …' . There is no 'legal technicality' issue here. Rather, the point is that DJ Zani appears to lack the intellect that might have enabled him to address s127 of the Cumminications Act 2003, and the High Court scrutiny of it: http://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKHL/2006/40.html. Instead of addressing this, the pertinent law in Alison's case, he indulged the whim of Counsel for the Prosecution to investigate Alison for 'racism' and 'antisemitism' — despite the strong objection of Counsel for the Defence. And it was 'racism' and 'antisemitism' that was (somehow!) Zani's measure of the difference between 'offensive' and 'grossly offensive'.
Thank you again for having raised your voice. I hope to hear more from you, especially in this matter.
Keith Walklin June 11, 2018 / 7:14 am
Anyone who is taking an interest in Alison Chabloz Ridiculous Prosecution should read the above by Karl Radl .. Great Words of Knowledge and Wisdom: It is plain to see this is a Complete Abomination and Misuse of Power "An Embarrassment to the British legal system" Misusing section 127 of the Communications Act {technicality} which in reality has ZILCH to do with said so called holocaust: it is obvious this is not only Devious and Spiteful: it is Corrupt ! G/F When will you cease in dragging this sad history through the GUTTER as a sick edge to gain power (let it BE) John Zani step down whilst you can this is not going to go away "Wellcome to Merry Old England"
Quote.Karl Rad: Hence Chabloz's conviction by an obscure District Court judge on a legal technicality could well become the point that future historians identify as the turning point in the struggle for a saner, safer world.
Speaks for itself "FACT"
Cornwall England: Supporting This Courageous Lady All The Way ..
shyn43 June 12, 2018 / 5:46 pm
Alison,
I just want to let you know that even though it seems as if the entire nation in the UK is against you because you dared to say how you feel about various things,
I am the exception because I don't condemn you at all.
In fact, I want to say with all honesty that you have my whole heart support and I hope that things will work out in your favour.
thanks so much for accepting my initial comment of support for your cause.
I would like to add to it by saying that I truly believe that the case that was brought against you by the CAA is socially unjust.
I hold that view because you merely expressed your opinion on an issue that is naturally contentious.
I am not aware of anything in the civil and common law that says that "expressing an opinion" is a criminal offence.
I am ready to accept that what I deem to be an 'opinion' may not tally with what you may consider as a 'fact' but the fact remains that you are 'entitled' to express your thoughts or opinion and doing so to my knowledge is not a crime.
I argue (in your defence) and in the cause of freedom of expression,
that the CAA sought to take away that right by 'choosing to take offence' when the evidence suggests that was not your purpose.
I think that if you receive a custodial sentence,
that will go down in history as a shocking example of social injustice and people everywhere that believe in freedom to express one's thoughts and opinions,
will surely see it a crime as opposed to justice.
I'm not Jewish, but even if I were, I would hope that I would not try to use my nationality to suppress other nations right to express their thoughts, feelings and opinions on may or may not have taken place in the past.
I, of course, acknowledge the fact that 'the Holocaust' is a contentious issue and that some people may consider it to be factual and others may not as in your case.
I nevertheless stand by my belief that you are entitled to speak your mind even if what you say causes others to feel offended.
I also believe that it is extremely unfair that you were prosecuted on the grounds that what you expressed in your songs on youtube caused offence to those that heard it.
I don't overlook the fact that they have feelings like all humans
but the fact is they are all still alive and reasonably well and the chances are they will live to see another day.
The words you expressed in your songs were not welcomed by the CAA but they did not take away their lives and that, in my opinion, is the key point in this case which was clearly overlooked by the judge.
I am 51 years old and if I were to say to you that every word I said from childhood to the present day was agreeable to every person I have met,
I would be lying.
We all say things that with hindsight we may regret but in your case, I don't believe that you intended to cause offence and effectively walk over the feelings of the members of the CAA.
I argue that they took offence because they don't agree with 'freedom of speech'.
If the CAA were able to take away your right to express your true feelings and leave you facing time in prison then that suggests to me that the right to express our selves without undue suppression in the country of our birth is quite frankly a shameless travesty.
I will conclude by reminding you that though there is little I can do to help you out of the heartbreaking situation you are in,
I nevertheless stand on your side and I mean that from my heart because I am a firm believer in fair treatment for all people.
I believe that you have been treated unfairly by the CAA and the CPS.
I say shame on them and I hope the day will come when they will look back at what they did to you and feel deep shame and regret treating you so badly.
I wish you all the very best for your future Alison and please remember that whatever takes place on Thursday,
I'll always be on your side.
One more thing, I love your songs and I listened to one of them on youtube earlier and I think you have a rare ability to put your thoughts into words which strike a 'positive' rather than negative in the hearts and minds of our nation.
I am proud of you Alison and please don't change
because you are a much-needed breath of fresh air in our troubled country.
The nation needs more honest, bold, thoughtful women like you to help reset the balance.
Alison Chabloz June 12, 2018 / 11:41 pm
Thank you, Shyn.
shyn43 June 13, 2018 / 7:35 am
It is a pleasure Alison and you are most welcome.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
"Let's Start All Over Again" is a 1966 pop single recorded by singer Ronnie Dove for the Diamond Records label.

Background
The song was Dove's ninth hit single for the Diamond label.  It made the Billboard Top 20 pop singles chart, and peaked at number 34 on the Easy Listening chart in 1966.

It is not to be confused with a different song of the same name, recorded by The Paragons and The Jesters.

Chart performance

References

1966 singles
Ronnie Dove songs

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
| Back | Home | Menu |
OCD and Cleaning / Washing
"Cleanliness is next to Godliness". Many religious ceremonies involve 'holy' water and washing away the sin, being clean is good and being dirty is bad (our parents tell us) and generations ago character was assessed by cleanliness.
One of the basic human emotions, disgust, reflects a fear of something dirty, something rotten and bad that may contaminate us and cause illness and disease. We 'wash our hands' of blame, responsibility and the past.
Not only is this cleansing related to the physical but also to what we say. How many mothers in the past have threatened to wash their children's mouths out with soap and water for saying bad things?
Words for cleanliness and dirt, such as 'pure' and 'tainted' are also used for virtue and sin, and modern society, flooded in antiseptics and disinfectants, is obsessed with germs.
Being clean and cleanliness lies deep within the human psyche.
Perhaps it's not surprising then that over 30% of all obsessions in OCD revolve around contamination and about 25% of compulsions and rituals involve cleaning.
Everyone cleans and washes their person and their belongings regularly for hygiene and safety reasons. Dirty things do spread illness and disease and keeping things clean can help to prevent this.
In OCD, however, such fears are greatly exaggerated. They are usually based on self-generated inner fears over being contaminated or contaminating others and no amount of cleaning and washing can remove the underlying fear.
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germ:
"a microorganism,esp one that produces disease"
(Collins English Dictionary)
Bacteria:
Bacteria are a large group of microscopic living organisms, usually one-celled, that can be found everywhere. They can be dangerous, such as when they cause infection, or beneficial, as in the process of fermentation (such as in wine) and that of decomposition.
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Other OCD Problems
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text:
Eid In Africa: See How Different African Countries Celebrate EID-al-Fitr
in Best of Africa, Featured Posts, Religion
by How Africa August 31, 2017, 11:51 am
Eid al-Fitr is considered as a reward for Muslims who have finished the fasting and profound development time of Ramadan, which is one of the five mainstays of Islam. Amid Ramadan, adherents forgo eating, drinking, and sexual relations from sunrise to nightfall, and play out extra supplications, particularly during the evening to be cognizant and develop nearer to God, and in addition encourage sentiments of compassion (for the poor who don't have sustenance to eat) and goodwill. Ramadan for the most part goes on for 29 or 30 days, and it closes with the presentation of the Takbeer, which is a supplication of acclaim to God.
After Ramadan, Eid al-Fitr festivities as a rule start with petition at mosque, trailed by offering suppers and endowments to family, companions and the community. "In a nutshell, Eid is loaded with bunches of eating, chatting with friends and family, and praising the finish of the awesome month of Ramadan," says Cape Town-based blogger. "Happiness is felt since we'll see our families, eat well and be merry.
Eid el-Fitr in Egypt is a major festival that brings the individuals who have been fasting all through the time of Ramadan together in the boulevards to ask, eat, sing, and move. It is a 3-day devour and an official occasion.
Family visits are considered as a need amid the main day of Eid, where desserts and spiced scones called kahk are typically advertised. A unique philanthropy called Sadaqah al-Fitr (or Sadaka) is paid by each Muslim before the finish of Ramadan. The Sadaka is then given to poor people to have the capacity to purchase new garments and kahk amid the devour.
Other than getting a charge out of celebrations in the roads, Egyptians additionally invest the energy at parks, theaters and at shorelines like Sharm El Sheik, a resort town between the Desert of the Sinai Peninsula and the Red Sea
Eid is a three-day celebration in Morocco, which commences on the first day of Shawwal after the fasting period of Ramadan. Just before the festivities take place, families also undertake Sadaqah al-Fitr to give, to the poor. Offerings include foodstuffs like rice, barley, and dates.
Eid in Nigeria is a two-day celebration which follows after Ramadan. Eid is known as 'small sallah' by Nigerian Muslims, and on the first day, Muslims go to mosque for prayer dressed in their new clothes, followed by festivities in the form of sharing meals with family. Children receive gifts from family members and neighbours, and dishes eaten include meat and starches such as rice and amala. Schools close for the duration of Eid celebrations, and along with sharing meals with family and gift-giving to children, the elders of communities organize parties as part of the festivities.
Senegalese Muslims celebrate both Eid al-Fitr, which takes place after Ramadan, and Eid al-Adha, which is celebrated 70 days after Ramadan. Eid al-Adha is the bigger celebration in the West African country, known locally as Tabaski.
The Tabaski Festival is not only a massive celebration that brings together families and communities, but it is also a symbol of faith and devotion, as it is based on the story of Prophet Ibrahim's obedience to God to offer his son, Ishmael, as a sacrifice, and upon being ready to do so, a ram was provided by God as a replacement. Every household has a sheep to slaughter to mark Tabaski, and the government assists with giving those who can't afford to buy a sheep through the programme 'Operation Tabaski.'
After the local mosque recites the Takbeer to declare the end of Ramadan and the commencement of Eid the next day, the women of the household begin with food preparation and spring cleaning, while the men do home maintenance to prepare for a new season, which is also symbolic of Eid.
The day starts early with prayers in a public place, followed by breakfast with family. Afterwards, children in the neighbourhood, dressed in their new clothes, go to different homes chanting 'Eid Mubarak,' the traditional greeting meaning 'blessed celebration'to receive gifts from the elders. A festival at the Makadara Grounds takes place throughout Eid. The Grounds turn into an amusement park for children to enjoy themselves.
Eid celebrations across South Africa vary from family to family and from city to city. Usually when Eid commences, men go to mosque for prayer, and afterwards, the family gathers for breakfast. Socializing and gift-giving to children commences after breakfast, and everyone is dressed in their best clothes as part of the celebration. As is the custom with Eid celebrations, good and hearty food is in abundance. "Celebratory dishes include biryani, seafood paella, roast leg of lamb and grilled seafoods," Aneeqah Emeran says, of typical dishes found in Cape Town homes for Eid. "These are the dishes that families tend to gravitate towards," she adds. Eid celebrations last a day.
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Trickle-Down Administration: Education Reform in a Culture of Distracting Outrage
A pattern of education crisis and outrage has characterized the education reform debate for nearly 150 years.
Paul Thomas ,
TheBecomingRadicalBlog
"One of the strange things about our politics is the disconnect between what sorts of things lead us, collectively, to express outrage and what sorts of things we don't notice," David Kaib begins in an examination of outrage centering on a marijuana Op-Ed by David Brooks, adding:
I'm thinking specifically of how a statement can set off outrage while the background behaviors, activities or policies that the statement expresses or seeks to justify do not….
I think this dynamic is a product of two things. First, a great deal of our politics concerns people's motives and character, which are largely unknowable, as opposed to assessing their actions on their own terms. So when someone says something, potentially revealing their intentions, it seems powerful. Second, and I suspect more importantly, it's hard to get upset about long-standing, entrenched conditions. We do better trying to oppose some deviation from the norm, or at least, things that are understood that way.
Kaib, I think, is confronting a socio-political and popular tendency to express outrage only at outliers and mistakenly within a cult of personality—all of which offers a powerful lens for reconsidering how teachers, scholars, academics, and public school advocates can better respond to the education reform movement.
For example, Anthony Cody shared a school memo that details how a school is instituting restroom policies "[i]n order to maximize student learning and reduce the loss of instructional time"—including justifying the policies in part by connecting the restroom guidelines to Common Core standards:
Have students fill in the "time out" and "time in" and then turn the pass in to the teacher when finished. This will help them practice the CCS of telling time with both digital and analog clocks.
First, restroom policies are a nearly universal norm of traditional schooling; thus, the likelihood that this memo will spur outrage is greatly reduced, per Kaib's point above. However, one aspect of the policy does achieve outlier status (connecting the practices to CC) so we may anticipate outrage focusing primarily if not exclusively on that—reinforcing Kaib's central argument that the norm of institutional and hierarchical control will remain mostly unchallenged.
Now, let me illuminate this further with an anecdote from my own career as a high school teacher. While I believe the memo above is a powerful artifact of many elements found in traditional schooling worthy of our outrage, I also think we must continue to see how policies manifest themselves in the day-to-day lives of students, teachers, and administrators.
I grew up in a small and deeply conservative (read: racism, classism, and sexism were norms and thus unexamined) Southern town in rural upstate South Carolina. After attending high school in my home town and completing college fewer than thirty minutes away, I returned to my alma mater to teach high school English for 18 years.
That school had when I was a student and continued while I was a teacher incredibly rigid and authoritarian policies for student behavior and dress. Many stereotypically strict private schools paled in comparison.
Included in those school rules (by the way, students had to pass a school handbook test at the beginning of each year) were restroom policies that mandated automatic demerits for any restroom visit during class (implicit in such rules were arguments similar to the new policies in the memo shared by Cody—protecting instructional time). The school had a demerit system connected to an in-school suspension structure governing these rules.
One year, I taught a young man who was an elite student and athlete (athletes were under a double set of extremely rigid and harsh guidelines, meaning any school infractions tended to be replicated and intensified by their coaches). During class one morning, this young man stood up quietly, walked to the trash can near the door, and then vomited (almost noiselessly) in the trash can before returning to his seat.
Once I realized what had happened, I calmly told him he needed to go to the restroom. He very politely explained he couldn't risk the demerits.
And so let me stress here that while the new restroom policy shared by Cody and the student's behavior in my class may appear to be outlier examples within perfectly normal and reasonable in-school policies, I must contend that they are neither outliers nor reasonable.
A comment, I believe, at Cody's blog post helps make my case. Sarah Puglisi posted this response to the restroom policy: "Said Admin will no doubt pee as needed."
For classroom teachers, and all workers under hierarchical structures, Puglisi's comment is a succinct and powerful point. Let me return to my student who felt compelled to vomit in my trash can and remain in class to avoid the automatic (and I'd add "no excuses" and zero tolerance) punishment he was to receive for a situation beyond his control: The principal who sat as the personification of authority over this policy chain had his own bathroom in his office.
In the context of Kaib's examination of distracting outrage and Cody's exposing new restroom policies connected with CC, I want to stress several important points related to the central threads of the education reform debate:
We must be willing to highlight and then confront the norms of traditional schooling within which education reforms are being implemented. To continue to argue that CC is separate from high-stakes testing or simply a matter of implementation fails to acknowledge the growing evidence that adopting new standards and requiring different tests have never changed and continue not to disrupt many powerful ways in which schools function. The restroom memo is not an outlier; it is yet another artifact of how normal practices and new policies do not disrupt each other but inform and maintain the status quo.
Beware the hypocrisy of authoritarian and hierarchical structures, particularly as they include children. I think it is no exaggeration to compare how adults are allowed a different level of dignity in their restroom needs compared to the restrictions controlling the children under those adults' care with the lack of accountability experienced by those imposing intensifying accountability mandates on schools, teachers, and students. The norm of accountability being inversely proportional to the hierarchical chain must be confronted in the education reform debate—not as a series of disconnected moments of outrage, but as a measured recognition that this norm is dehumanizing and incompatible with democratic ideals.
We must elevate the voices of teachers and students as we consider the claims and policies promoted by a social and political structure that is driven by leadership without public school teaching experience—not simply because that leadership lacks that experience but because the claims and policies are contradicted by the real world of teaching and learning.
We cannot afford to address social and educational issues as unrelated. Race, class, and gender inequity exists in society and is replicated in traditional schooling (for example, school discipline inequity as that mirrors the continuing era of mass incarceration). Our outrage must be at systemic policies and practices, and not diluted by targeted outrage at isolated events only, allowing an outlier mentality to suggest racism, classism, and sexism no longer exist, or can be easily overcome by in-school-only reform.
A pattern of education crisis and outrage has characterized the education reform debate for nearly 150 years. The result has been that education reform looks like the conditions of an overcrowded Emergency Room. While ERs often achieve laudable outcomes under stressful conditions, medicine is certainly better administered within a preventative care model.
The conditions of an ER are likely beyond our control to eradicate; people will continue to experience traumatic injury.
Our schools, however, need not be ERs. If we are willing to step back from crisis/outrage and then change the larger norms that tend to go unnoticed, starting with norms that are dehumanizing, as Kaib explains, we can reform our schools in ways that respect the basic dignity of children as well as honoring larger social commitments.
Paul Thomas is a professor at Furman University.


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Q: proving that $\mathbb{R}^{2}$ and $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ are not homeomorphic I'm struggling for proving that $\mathbb{R}^{2}$ and $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ are not homeomorphic for $n \ge3.$ My approach is similar to proof of the state below.

$\mathbb{R}$ and $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ are not homeomorphic for n$\ge$2.

More specifically, suppose to the contrary that there is homeomorphism $h:\mathbb{R}^{2}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{n}$ . Since $\mathbb{R}^{2}-\mathbb{S}^{1}$ is NOT connected and it has separation $\{x\in \mathbb{R}^{2} \mid \left|x \right|<1\}$ and $\{x\in \mathbb{R}^{2} \mid \left| x \right| >1\}.$ I know intuitively that $\mathbb{R}^{n}-h \left( \mathbb{S}^{1}\right)$ is connected, but I cannot prove mathematically.

A: Your approach works smoother if you flip the direction around.
Suppose you have a homeomorphism $f:\mathbb R^n\to \mathbb R^2$ and consider a fixed closed nonintersecting curve $\gamma$ in $\mathbb R^n$ that you can describe nicely. If you choose a nice straightforward circle, it will be easy to show that $\mathbb R^n\setminus\gamma$ is path-connected. On the other hand, $f(\gamma)$ is a Jordan curve in $\mathbb R^2$, so $\mathbb R^2\setminus f(\gamma)$ is not connected, a contradiction. (This assumes you can appeal to the Jordan curve theorem without proving it yourself).

A: Since you tagged this with algebraic topology, I will give you a very simple argument for this. Let $1\le m<n$ and suppose there was a homeomorphism $f\colon\mathbb{R}^m\to\mathbb{R}^n$. Removing any $x\in\mathbb{R}^m$ and the corresponding point $f(x)$ from their respective spaces, we have (still homeomorphic) punctured euclidean spaces. The first is homotopy equivalent to $S^{m-1}$, and the second to $S^{n-1}$. This gives us their homologies, $H_*(\mathbb{R}^m\setminus\{ x\}) \cong H_*(S^{m-1})$ and $H_*(\mathbb{R}^n\setminus\{ f(x)\})\cong H_*(S^{n-1})$.
We know that $n\ge2$, so $H_k(S^{n-1}) = 0$ if $k\neq 0, n-1$ and $H_0(S^{n-1})\cong \mathbb{Z} \cong H_{n-1}(S^{n-1})$. The same holds for $S^{m-1}$ (with $n$ replaced by $m$) if $m\ge2$, but if $m=1$, then $H_0(S^{m-1})\cong \mathbb{Z}\oplus\mathbb{Z}, H_k(S^{n-1})=0$ for $k\ge1$. Since the punctured spaces are homeomorphic to one another and homotopy equivalent to those spheres, the spheres are then homotopy equivalent to one another. This means that they have isomorphic homologies, but then $\mathbb{Z} \cong H_{n-1}(S^{n-1}) \cong H_{n-1}(S^{m-1}) = 0$, since $m\neq n$. This is an absurdity, and therefore the punctured spaces cannot be homeomorphic. Since the homeomorphism between them was obtained from a homeomorphism between the original euclidean spaces, such a homeomorphism cannot exist.

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Adorno would also co-author Composing for the Films with Hans Eisler, and in this Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2002. However, to Horkheimer and Adorno, culture is now only about style, not truth, and in this sense, it means nothing and ceases to be art (103). National associations of formality to the involuntary conversion of a consult- ing firm. alternative to the culture industry, but modernism. This business was based on what Adorno referred to as "Fordist capitalism," in which mass production based on the techniques Therefore, the "sameness" pervasive and enforced as a mechanism control; it also ostracizes real art and artists. They were instead a business, and this in turn became an ideology to legitimize the trash They attack the notion that standardization and mass production exist to best serve people's needs; in reality, they are a mechanism of control (95). In the meantime Adorno Adorno specifically defines avant-garde art as the adversary of the culture industry (Horkheimer and Adorno, 2002, p. 101). Like the other theorists of the Frankfurt school, Adorno and Horkheimer critique society as being in a state of false consciousness, a consciousness which hides the reality of domination and oppression of the masses under capitalism. Culture Industry is defined in the textbook Sociological Theory of the Contemporary Era by Scott Appelrouth and Laura Edles as the "Sectors involved in the creation and distribution of mass culture products. Posted on April 9, 2015 by Caroline Zuckerman. The result is a world in which a mass public has trouble distinguishing between the real world and the illusory world created by the industry of culture. Like religion and other institutions, the culture industry was an instrument of social control (Horkheimer and Adorno, 2002, p. 120), but freedom to choose in a system Adorno, T., 1962 (2004 edition). Instead, he notes in THEODOR ADORNO (1903-1969) AND THE CULTURE INDUSTRY. You have remained in right Page 1/28 Adorno and Horkheimer on Culture Industry as the Anti-Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception With a strongly detesting attitude toward the rise of the modern industry of popular culture, the article written by Adorno and Horkheimer on the culture industry gives the audience a sense that: instead of being called culture industry, it is rather a manifesto about anti-culture industry. Paradoxically, any innovation would only reaffirm the system, and Adorno cited Orson Welles as an example In the chapter titled 'The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception' Adorno developed an extended critique of the operations of consumer culture. This is perhaps the first of several of Adorno's attempts at redefining the The third is "Culture Industry Reconsidered." 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Is part of Book Title Media and cultural studies: keyworks Author(s) Durham, Meenakshi Gigi, Kellner, Douglas Date 2012 Publisher Wiley-Blackwell Pub place Chichester Edition 2nd ed ISBN-10 0470658088 ISBN-13 9780470658086 According to Adorno media content is adapted to mass consumption. Translated by Edmund Jephcott. Type Chapter Author(s) Theodor Adorno, Max Horkheimer Is part of Book Title Dialectic of enlightenment: philosophical fragments Author(s) Horkheimer, Max, Adorno, Theodor W., Schmid Noerr, Gunzelin, Jephcott, Edmund Date 2002 Publisher Stanford University Press Pub place Stanford, Calif Volume Cultural … In "The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception," Max Horkheimer and Theodore Adorno provide a scathing critique of popular culture due to its "sameness" (Horkheimer and Adorno 94). It was not high art that Adorno was presenting as an Horkheimer and Adorno even point out that cultural industries depend on the largest institutions, such as a "film [depending] on the banks," thereby providing evidence that cultural industrials are entrenched in business ideology (96). The sentences become so dialectically self-conscious they're worth examining in detail. Since the term was coined by Horkheimer and Adorno in their 1947 essay ''The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception,'' both what the term designates and its theoretical implications have undergone a number of shifts. It would seem that the focal point for such a book, popular culture, is a slender reed for such a weighty philosophical … Brought Adorno and Horkheimer originally were members of the Frankfurt School, which was a group of scholars that were a part of the revival of Marxist thought. 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Is part of Book Title Media and cultural studies: keyworks Author(s) Durham, Meenakshi Gigi, Kellner, Douglas Date 2012 Publisher Wiley-Blackwell Pub place Chichester Edition 2nd ed ISBN-10 0470658088 ISBN-13 9780470658086 THE CULTURE INDUSTRY: ENLIGHTENMENT AS MASS DECEPTION THE sociological theory that the loss of the support of objectively established religion, the dissolution of the last remnants of precapitalism, together with technological and social differentia tion or specialization, have led to cultural chaos is disproved every day; for culture now hnpresses the same stamp on every thing. Since Adorno had been, in his essays on music and radio, an apparent defender of high art, "The Culture Industry" has been criticized as being a defense of high art, as opposed to popular In the past, this desire for unity was not the main concern; however, nowadays, departing from a particular structure is seen as weird and perceived as negative. In praise of amateurs. Add to My Bookmarks Export citation. "Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception" is a chapter in Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer's book "Dialectic of Enlightenment" which discusses their famous notion of the "culture industry". To set a reading intention, click through to any list item, and look for the panel on the left hand side: The Culture Industry In the part of the chapter entitled "The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception" from the book Dialectic of Enlightenment, writers Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer whom the main critical theorists about the concept of cultural industry. They claim that the "promise of the work of art to create truth" through a particular form is already a bit misguided, as all forms are contingent on societal and cultural norms (103). They argue that culture is an important site where power in contemporary … culture. The chapter I will here discuss, 'The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception' helps understand how capitalism came to be inseparable from reality through a mechanism of 'regression' that saw enlightenment convert to ideology (xvi). Recall that, for Horkheimer, mass culture was a mechanism of deception that separated human beings from their "human essence." The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception. Mechanical reproduction ensured that there would not be any real change to the system, and that nothing under the chapter "Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception". The chapter I will here discuss, 'The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception' helps understand how capitalism came to be inseparable from reality through a The term culture industry (German: Kulturindustrie) was coined by the critical theorists Theodor Adorno (1903–1969) and Max Horkheimer (1895–1973), and was presented as critical vocabulary in the chapter "The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception", of the book Dialectic of Enlightenment (1944), wherein they proposed that popular culture is akin to a factory producing standardized cultural goods … passing that the dominant system utilized capacities for mass consumption for entertainment or amusement, but refused to do so when it was a question of abolishing hunger (Horkheimer and The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception is an excerpt from the final chapter of critical theorists Max Horkheimer (1895–1973) and Theodor Adorno (1903–1969) Dialectic of Enlightenment. The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception. For Adorno, popular culture on film and radio did not bother to present itself as art. Movies and hit songs were based on formulas, and Adorno, T. & Horkheimer, M. (2007). From Max Horkheimer and Theodor W. Adorno, "The culture industry: Enlightenment as mass deception." In Gunzelin Schmid Noerr (ed. Horkheimer and Adorno also assert that the cultural industrial maintains power and sameness through style and form. Author(s) Theodor Adorno, Max Horkheimer Page start 120 Page end 167 Is part of Book Title Dialectic of enlightenment Author(s) Theodor W. Adorno, Max Horkheimer, John Cumming Date 1997 Publisher Blackwell Verso Pub place London Volume Verso classics ISBN-10 1859841546. In contrast, Dusel focused on the marginalized and disadvantaged in other countries while condemning egocentrism. London: SAGE Publications Ltd doi: 10.4135/9781446269534.n4. This item appears on. 5. Adorno—were the Hollywood production system, or the CBS radio network that had been associated with the Princeton Radio Research Project. Culture industry is a term which performs both a descriptive and conceptual function. A Theory of Uncertainty Reduction: "Some explorations in initial interaction and beyond: Toward a developmental theory of interpersonal communication" (1975). This item … He wrote Minima Moralia: Reflections on Damaged Life in 1945, and this work, upon its publication in Germany in 1951, would text Adorno made it clear that the culture industry is not identical with high or low art (Hohendahl, 1995, p. 134). The creation of the Frankfurt School of critical theory in the 1920s saw the birth of some of the most exciting and challenging writings of the twentieth century. Dialectic of Enlightenment (1947) was born in the sun of Hollywood, beside the pools of Santa Monica, in the capital of mass culture designed to entertain and to (literally) stupefy the American public. Posted on April 9, 2015 by Caroline Zuckerman. I enjoyed this article because I think it is very relevant to today's world we live in. Content is out of sync. They attack the notion that standardization and mass production exist to best serve … Culture Industry Enlightenment As Mass DeceptionEnlightenment (1944), analyse the concept of enlightenment in their own socio-political context, World War II Germany. This is exactly Adorno and Horkheimer's point in "Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception" (which is a chapter inside "Dialectic of Enlightenment "). Spring 2015 / Sections 02, 03 / Georgetown University, The Stanley Parable: A Game About How to Critique the Close Reading of Games, Ecocentric Thought in Hopkins' Ribblesdale. It also has a history. New York: Herder and Herder, 1972. This composed report will outline "The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception", composed by Theodor Adorno & Max Horkheimer with the below objectives. the formula supplants the work (Horkheimer and Adorno, 2002, p. 99). Adorno and Horkheimer originally were members of the Frankfurt School, which was a group of scholars that were a part of the revival of Marxist thought. In 1963, Adorno gave a lecture in the International Radio University Program over the Hessian Broadcasting System which was published in 1967. Minima Moralia. Type Chapter Author(s) Theodor Adorno Page start 31 Page end 41 Is part of Book Title The cultural studies reader Author(s) During, Simon Date 2007 Publisher Routledge Pub place London Edition Expanded ed ISBN-10 041537412X, 0415374138 ISBN-13 9780415374125, 9780415374132. The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception The sociological view chat the loss of support from objective religion and the disintegration of the last precapicalist residues, in conjunction with technical and social differentiation and specialization, have given rise to cultural chaos is refuted by daily experience. culture industry to an audience that in all probability had no exposure to the concept as it was detailed in the original essay. In Dialectic of enlightenment. began working, along with Else Frenkel-Brunswik, Daniel Levinson, and R. Nevitt Sanford, on an empirical investigation into prejudice titled The Authoritarian Personality. The resulting book Dialectic of Enlightenment contained the essay "The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception," a seminal study of contemporary mass media. With Adorno now in control of the chapter, "culture industry" began to play a role that went beyond the limited function assigned to "mass culture" in Horkheimer's essay. It is out of this background that the great critic Theodor Adorno emerged. they intentionally produce (Horkheimer and Adorno, 2002, p. 95). 34-43). New York: Continuum. Adorno and Horkheimer's essay "The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception" (1944) describes culture industries, such as film, radio, and magazines, as ideological mediums of domination that reduce consumers into passive subjects. According to Adorno and Horkheimer, the 'Culture Industry' is an "enlightenment as mass deception" a system formed by … "The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception" Available under Creative Commons-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. The elasticity in the system would allow it to assume the stance of any opposition and make it its own, ultimately rendering it ineffectual They argue that culture industry is associated with late capitalism in which all forms of culture (from … Translated by John Cumming. The Culture Industry : Enlightenment As Mass Deception By Adorno And Horkheimer 1086 Words | 5 Pages. In S. Redmond & S. Holmes Stardom and celebrity: A reader (pp. The culture industry: enlightenment as mass deception. of someone who was allowed to break the rules. Available under Creative Commons-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. For Adorno, popular culture on film and radio did not bother to present itself as art. Audiences are bombarded with stimuli from the beginning, making the film solely about the technology (110). In the part of the chapter entitled "The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception" from the book Dialectic of Enlightenment, writers Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer whom the main critical theorists about the concept of cultural industry. mark the beginning of his impact in Germany (Jäger, 2004, p. 167). Having said that, the philosophy and sociology of Culture has a critical dimension and opens up doors to the vision of 'Culture Industry' and the media. As Horkheimer state, "the more all-embracing the cultural industry has become, the more piteously it has forced the outsider [into] bankruptcy" (107). In "The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception," Max Horkheimer and Theodore Adorno provide a scathing critique of popular culture due to its "sameness" (Horkheimer and Adorno 94). truly adversarial to the system would emerge (Horkheimer and Adorno, 2002, p. 106-7). Summary: In their chapter entitled "The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception" from their book Dialectic of Enlightenment, critical theorists Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer conceptualize power as an absolute, all-encompassing force, driven at unrelenting speed by the engine of capitalism. Adorno, T. & Horkheimer, M., 1944. For Adorno, popular culture on film and radio did not bother to present itself as art. A chapter from Adorno and Horkheimer's Dialectic of Enlightenment on mass-production of culture Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer (1944) The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception A more advanced definition of culture industry draws on the seeming contradiction between human culture and mechanical industry.This is exactly Adorno and Horkheimer's point in "Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception" (which is a chapter inside "Dialectic of Enlightenment ").They argue that culture industry is associated with late capitalism in which all forms of culture … Content is presented in an ordered fashion and time table, in order to appeal to the largest portion of the public. Recognizing the pretension ways to get this books the culture industry enlightenment as mass deception is additionally useful. the culture industry enlightenment as mass deception is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Appendix A: Axioms and Theorems of Uncertainty Reduction Theory, Early Experiences of Walter Lippmann (1889-1974), Conclusion: The Importance of These Theories, Gratifications sought (GS) and gratifications obtained (GO), Uses and Gratifications Research in a New Era, Criticisms of Uses and Gratifications Research, The Frankfurt School and Communication Theory, "The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception", One-Dimensional Man, and Suppression of "The Culture Industry", Critical Response to "The Culture Industry", Ong and His Historical Studies of Rhetoric, Stages of Communication Media, Consciousness, Digital Media and Hermeneutics, The basic research paradigm for the diffusion of innovations, The Iowa Study of Hybrid Seed Corn: The Adoption of Innovation, Medical innovation: Diffusion of a medical drug among doctors, How to use this License for your documents.
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the culture industry: enlightenment as mass deception book 2020


Monte Vista senior running back Jahmon McClendon only needed a couple of yards.
The Monarchs (9-1, 4-0 Grossmont Valley) were stuck after West Hills junior linebacker Jake Maheu downed a punt at the one-yard line with 10 minutes left in the second quarter. Senior quarterback EJ Henderson took the snap and handed off to McClendon on a simple dive up the middle to give the offense some breathing room.
McClendon hit a hole in the line and ran right through the aggressive Wolfpack defense for a 99-yard touchdown.
Senior kicker Jason Hernandez dropped the ensuing kickoff between the Wolfpack's returners and blockers. Monte Vista senior defensive end Bryant Adams sprinted in to catch the live ball off a high bounce to give Monte Vista first-and-10 from the 31-yard line.
McClendon capped the short drive with a 14-yard touchdown run to put the Monarchs ahead 14-0 in their eventual 35-0 victory. With the win, Monte Vista claimed the Grossmont Valley League title with a perfect 4-0 record.
McClendon finished with 378 yards and five touchdowns. Most of the damage was done before halftime — at the break McClendon already had 306 yards and four touchdowns.
While McClendon's gaudy numbers get most of the attention, Friday's win was the Monarchs' third shutout of the season. Opponents have only scored more than 20 points against Monte Vista twice — the Sept. 9 22-21 double-overtime loss against Christian and the 42-26 win over Bishop's two weeks later.
Senior defensive lineman Blake Schmidt said the Monarchs' 36-35 loss in the 2017 5-A Southern California Regional Finals motivated them to improve.
Schmidt, Hamamoto and McClendon all said the second-quarter onside kick was especially devastating for West Hills (8-2, 3-1 Grossmont Valley) because the Wolfpack run a triple-option offense designed to protect a lead.


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Drinking tea is about putting aside the time for yourself. Share your beautiful moments with us.


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When it comes to glamming it up to impress your sweetheart on the most romantic day of the year, you don't need a lot of time, an extreme makeover or a big budget to feel beautiful and make a lasting impression.
When most people think of Sea World on the Gold Coast, they're likely to imagine a haven of life-size underwater characters, up-close encounters with marine animals from the deep blue, and splashtastic water parks and rides - but there's more to this theme park than meets the eye with the Sea World Research & Rescue Foundation.
At the spookiest time of the year, Halloween, there's no shortage of haunting experiences, scary performances and creepy houses to explore. Whether you prefer discovering your city by broomstick or are content dishing out lollies and chocolates to trick or treaters, there's something spook-tacular for everyone to do this October 31st and beyond.


Built 1881. Local stone, cypress floors used. Housed county offices until 1890. Used 57 years.
Location. 29° 43.496′ N, 99° 4.148′ W. Marker is in Bandera, Texas, in Bandera County. Marker is on 12th Street, on the right when traveling west. Touch for map. Marker is at or near this postal address: 200 12th Street, Bandera TX 78003, United States of America. Touch for directions.
Other nearby markers. At least 8 other markers are within walking distance of this marker. The Mills of Bandera (here, next to this marker); First Bandera County Courthouse (a few steps from this marker); Old Huffmeyer Store (about 600 feet away, measured in a direct line); Bandera's First Bank (approx. 0.2 miles away); Bandera Historic Town Center (approx. 0.2 miles away); Bandera, "Cowboy Capital of the World" (approx. 0.2 miles away); Great Western Cattle Trail (approx. 0.2 miles away); Bandera, Texas USA (approx. 0.2 miles away). Touch for a list and map of all markers in Bandera.
Marker is attached to the building, to the right of the door. It is partially obscured by a bush.
More. Search the internet for Old Jail & Courthouse.
Credits. This page was last revised on February 26, 2019. This page originally submitted on February 26, 2019, by Brian Anderson of Kingwood, Texas. This page has been viewed 33 times since then. Photos: 1, 2. submitted on February 26, 2019, by Brian Anderson of Kingwood, Texas.


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Pray Naked (a.k.a. The Seventy Sevens) is the title of The 77s' sixth album, released in 1992 on the Brainstorm Artists, Intl label.

This was the band's first album after reforming with members of The Strawmen. Without consulting with the band, Brainstorm (or its parent company, Word Records) altered the packaging and marketing of the album, which was issued without a title (making it the second album by the band entitled simply "The Seventy Sevens") and with the title track's name blacked out in order to avoid offense in the conservative Christian music marketplace of which Brainstorm was a part. However, a short spoken word segment on Side Two still refers to the album as Pray Naked. Most 77s fans still call the record by its intended title, and the band has also been known to "retitle" the CD when signing autographs.

The album was listed at No. 81 in the 2001 book, CCM Presents: The 100 Greatest Albums in Christian Music. In 2017, the album was reissued on CD and vinyl by Lo-Fidelity Records.

Track listing
 "Woody"
 "Smiley Smile"
 "Phony Eyes"
 "Kites Without Strings"
 "Happy Roy"
 "Deep End"
 "The Rain Kept Falling In Love"
 "Holy Hold"
 "Look"
 "Nuts For You"
 "Pray Naked"
 "Self-Made Trap"

The band
 Mike Roe on guitars and lead vocals.
 David Leonhardt on guitars.
 Mark Harmon on bass guitars and background vocals.
 Aaron Smith on Drums.

Additional musicians
Bongo Bob Smith on percussion
Roger Smith on Piano.

Production notes

1992 albums
The 77s albums


This beautiful 52 acre park consists of a mixed oak woods, an oak savanna, wetlands, a heritage garden and plenty of lawn for leisurely pastimes, picnics and scheduled events.
A reconstructed dam in Raccoon Creek creates a mill pond that is a popular fishing location. The "Thomas G Kautz Nature Trail" include a savanna trail, an accessible boardwalk across native wetlands, and a forested hiking trail in the northern reaches of the park.
The highlight of this park is the historic Beckman-Howe Mill which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. This mill is the last structure of its kind in Rock County. It represents a bygone era when water power was used for many purposes. In 1990, the "Friends of Beckman Mill, Inc" was founded by a group of local citizens and a long-term lease with Rock County went into effect. Their goal was to renovate the mill and open it to the public as a 1920's era working museum.
The County purchased 34 acres of park land in 1967. In 1978, 16 acres of land and the mill building itself were purchased from the Beckman family. As part of the sale agreement, the park's name was officially changed from Mill Pond Park to Beckman Mill County Park.
Amenities Include: Picnic shelter with 12 tables and electricity, other picnic tables scattered throughout the park, nature trails, heritage garden, accessible fishing pier, covered bridge, dam with millpond and unique fish ladder, sawmill display, restrooms, drinking water, and cooking grills.
The Friends of Beckman Mill, Inc and the Welty Environmental Center are both located in this County Park.


The Funda Udlale Toy libray has been buzzing with joy and excitement since the opening this year. Abonga and Simbongile, our library guys, have been hard at work.
Recently they introduced the library to members of the Harare community by taking the toy library to an open space. Shoppers were happy to leave their children with our volunteers and also registered their children for toy library service.
We're happy to share that the toy library is also attracting a lot of Grade R and Grade 1 children - investing in skills at many levels.


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Tag: William Devane
DVD Review: "50 to 1" Picks The Winning Racehorse
50 to 1 is the story of longshots, as racehorse Mine That Bird beat overwhelming odds to win the 2009 Kentucky Derby. Directed by producer Jim Wilson (Dances With Wolves, Wyatt Earp) and penned by Faith Conroy, the engaging drama will appeal to fans of Seabiscuit and the underrated Secretariat.
Continue reading "DVD Review: "50 to 1" Picks The Winning Racehorse"
Kentucky Derby Drama "50 to 1" Hits DVD In April
50 to 1, the true story of Mine That Bird's surprising victory at the 2009 Kentucky Derby, hits DVD and Digital HD on April 28 via Sony Pictures Home Entertainment. Skeet Ulrich (Scream, Law & Order: LA) stars as Mine That Bird's trainer Chip Woolley with Christian Kane co-starring as the horse's owner Mark Allen.
Continue reading "Kentucky Derby Drama "50 to 1" Hits DVD In April"
Annette Bening And Bill Nighy Have A New (And Separate) Lease On Life With 'Hope Gap' Trailer January 16, 2020


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Eyprepocnemis yunnanensis är en insektsart som beskrevs av Zheng, Z., Lian och G. Xi 1982. Eyprepocnemis yunnanensis ingår i släktet Eyprepocnemis och familjen gräshoppor. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Gräshoppor
yunnanensis


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Get Signal Help Blog Developers Careers Donate
Video calls for Signal out of beta
moxie0 on 13 Mar 2017
We recently released encrypted video calling as an opt-in beta. We've spent the past month collecting feedback and addressing the issues that the Signal community found in order to get it ready for production. Today's Signal release for Android and iOS enables support for end-to-end encrypted video calls by default, which also greatly enhances the quality of Signal voice calls as well.
We think it's a big improvement, and hope you will to.
CallKit
CallKit is an iOS 10 feature that brings apps like Signal to the same level as the native iOS calling experience. It makes Signal calls answerable with one touch directly from the lock screen, allows initiating Signal calls through the native contacts app, and displays Signal calls in the system's "recent calls" list.
Integrating Signal that tightly with iOS can dramatically improve the experience, but it does have some potential downsides. Having Signal calls mixed with normal calls in the "recent calls" list could be of concern for some users, since the "recent calls" list is synced to iCloud by iOS if iCloud is enabled.
To balance these concerns, CallKit is enabled by default, but Signal calls are displayed as being to/from "Signal user." This means that, by default, it's possible to answer Signal calls with one touch directly from the lock screen, but only "Signal user" will appear in the "recent calls" list (which is what could be synced to iCloud).
It is easy to opt in to displaying the name/number of an incoming Signal call if having that information in the "recent calls" list is not an issue, or it is also possible to disable CallKit entirely if even having "Signal user" in the call log is not desirable.
Location privacy
In the past, Signal calls always relayed the client media streams through the Signal service. With these updates, Signal can attempt to establish a "peer-to-peer" connection for the call. This has the advantage of reducing call latency, but also has the potential disadvantage of exposing your IP address to the remote calling peer.
Since IP addresses can often be used to determine rough location (such as a metro area), we want to prevent the ability for anyone to discover your location information simply by initiating a Signal call with you. By default, Signal will only attempt to establish a P2P connection if you are initiating the call or if you are receiving a call from someone in your contacts. If you are receiving a call from someone not in your address book, Signal will relay that call through the Signal service.
Additionally, there is a setting which will relay all calls through the Signal service if enabled.
You can check out any of these changes in more detail (or get involved with development) at our GitHub repositories.
Don't have Signal? Give it a try!
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LAWYER BASHING BANNED: NOVEMEBER 2nd, 2001 DECLARED NATIONAL "I LOVE MY LAWYER DAY"
By Marlene Kim on Wednesday, July 26, 2017
Over 100 million Americans could participate in first ever lawyer-lovefest, critics sure to be angered
BOCA RATON, FLORIDA, – "Mark your calendars for the first Friday of every November from now on. "National I Love My Lawyer Day" will be one of the most anticipated and talked about days of the year," said Nader Anise, National President of American Lawyers Public Image Association (ALPIA).
This year, "National I Love My Lawyer Day" falls on Friday, November 2. On this day, not only is lawyer bashing a big no-no and considered in poor taste, but the public is also asked to take a few minutes out of their day to let their lawyers know how much they love and appreciate them. "Call your lawyer and say happy lawyer's day or thanks for a great job, or even send him or her a gift or flowers," Anise said. "Lawyers are always painted as the bad guy, even when they do their job well. We're hoping this day will spark public interest in commending lawyers rather than condemning them." "This is a personal crusade," Anise added.
As a show of appreciation by lawyers, ALPIA is asking every US lawyer to give back on November 2: either perform at least one hour of pro-bono work or donate the income from one billable hour to Childreach, a non-profit organization that does extraordinary work for underprivileged children around the world.
"National I Love My Lawyer Day" was declared when the ALPIA Board passed a national resolution earlier this year. Annually, it will be a national day of lawyer appreciation in which the public, lawyers, American Bar Association, 50 State Bar Associations and other legal organizations may participate.
ALPIA is a national organization committed to promoting a positive public image of lawyers. Its most recent battle was against NBC television in which ALPIA played a leading role in running the show First Years off the air. NBC featured ALPIA repeatedly in promos during primetime and also during Access Hollywood. ALPIA's founder and National President, Nader Anise, has gained national media attention due to the controversial nature of his crusade.
RETAINER AGREEMENT
Recent Customs & Trade Developments
Crime-Fraud Exception to Attorney-Client Privilege
Possession of Drug Controlled Substance without a Prescription
Drug Manufacturing in Iowa
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EEOC Issues "Best Practices" Guidance for Employers
Should You Hire a Dallas Immigration Lawyer
Forbes – Business
The End Of Abundance Thinking January 20, 2022
In the wake of supply chain disruptions and climate concerns, we're all questioning our past "abundance thinking" — the belief that we can get whatever we want, whenever we want it.
Jill Standish, Contributor
School Mask Mandate Ban Battles Return Amid Omicron Surge — Here's Where States Stand January 20, 2022
Virginia and Missouri are threatening action against schools with mask mandates in place, while West Virginia lawmakers are moving forward with legislation to ban mask requirements.
Alison Durkee, Forbes Staff
House Lawmakers Are Latest To Criticize Tesla For Opening Showroom In China's Xinjiang Region January 20, 2022
Democratic Reps. Bill Pascrell (N.J.) and Earl Blumenauer (Ore.) accused Tesla of enabling human rights abuses against Uyghurs in the Xinjiang region of western China.
Zachary Snowdon Smith, Forbes Staff
25% Of U.S. Adults Are Physically Inactive Outside Of Work, CDC Says January 20, 2022
A quarter of those surveyed said they hadn't walked or run outside of work in the past month.
Mason Bissada, Forbes Staff
Millennials Are Driving Force Behind Wordle's Success, Poll Suggests January 20, 2022
14% of Americans play Wordle, according to a new Morning Consult poll.
Marisa Dellatto, Forbes Staff
NRF 2022: 4 Key Trends From This Year's Big Show January 20, 2022
There were several major themes on display that signaled what the future of retail will look like in the coming decade as we continue to see the blurring of the digital and physical worlds. In this recap we look at NRF 2022, key trends, technologies, and companies leading the future of retail.
Daniel Newman, Contributor
Austria Just Mandated Covid Vaccines For Almost All Adults — Fines Could Follow January 20, 2022
Austria is the first country in Europe to mandate Covid-19 vaccines for virtually all adults, with unvaccinated residents facing potential fines of more than $650 this spring.
Joe Walsh, Forbes Staff
Minnesota Vikings Have The Roster To Attract A Top Coach, But Key Decision At Quarterback Looms January 20, 2022
It seemed likely that the Vikings, Chicago Bears and the Denver Broncos would be in the market for a new head coach, and the Jacksonville Jaguars clearly needed a new leader after firing Urban Meyer late in the season.
Steve Silverman, Contributor
'Starting From Scratch': Manchin Says His Counteroffer On Spending Bill No Longer An Option January 20, 2022
It's still not clear what, if any, renewed negotiations have taken place between Manchin and the White House.
Nicholas Reimann, Forbes Staff
MLB Axes Rays' First-Of-Its-Kind Dual City Proposal With Montreal January 20, 2022
The Tampa Bay Rays' proposal to split time between the Tampa area and Montreal was a drastic measure to improve its lackluster financial situation.
Derek Saul, Forbes Staff
Jason Katims And The Cast Of 'As We See It' Talk Autism And Authenticity January 20, 2022
'As We See It' debuts January 21 with all eight episodes of the first season on Prime Video in more than 240 countries and territories worldwide.
Rosa Escandon, Contributor
Billionaire Mark Cuban Opens Online Pharmacy To Provide Affordable Generic Drugs January 20, 2022
The company was launched out of stealth last year.
Lisa Kim, Forbes Staff
Disney Announces Executives For Its Disney Media And Entertainment Segment January 20, 2022
Disney's Chief Executive Officer, Bob Chapek, has announced key executive appointments to its Disney Media and Entertainment Distribution segment, which is led by Kareem Daniel as Chairman.
Megan duBois, Contributor
Georgia Prosecutor Investigating Trump's Attempts To Overturn Election Asks For Special Grand Jury January 20, 2022
The Fulton County District Attorney wrote in a letter the special grand jury was needed because a "significant number of witnesses and prospective witnesses have refused to cooperate with the investigation" without a subpoena.
Anna Kaplan, Forbes Staff
Peloton—Pandemic Stock Darling—Reportedly Halts Production Of Fitness Products, Shares Plunge Over 20% January 20, 2022
Peloton lost over a fifth of its value after reports that the company would temporarily halt production.
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