Gold Plan (14 yrs & 6 months or older) 30hrs class time & 6hrs BTW with an Instructor. Bronze Plan (15 yrs & 6 months or older) 30 hrs class time only. To get the most out of today's drivers, you need a great program. Arvada Driving School has created a unique program that allows everyone to reach their potential quickly and efficiently while reducing daily driving stress.
Our schedule is always up to date and listed online. Any changes to the upcoming schedule including last minute cancellations or added classes will always be posted for your convenience. You can always view the latest schedule right here.
Arvada Driving school offered my child a very informative, comfortable environment allowing my son to not only enjoy the classes but excel in them.
Ben Pyatt is a one of a kind teacher and is excellent with kids. This is why I have sent 3 of my children through Arvada Driving School classes in the last 5 years.


text:
Q: unable to retrieve MLModel from CoreML Model Deployment I am very new to CoreMl and I want to retrieve a model from Coreml model deployment which was released this year at WWDC.
I made an app that just classifies special and rare things and I uploaded that model.archive to the CoreMl Model deployment dashboard.
I successfully deployed the model and its showing as active.
now the problem is I am unable to retrieve that model, I have tried a lot, I even saw all the WWDC sessions on that one and even copied that code from that session but all in vain
Here is my whole model loading and retrieving code
my Vision request code
 func coremlmodel(using: VNCoreMLModel) -> VNCoreMLRequest {

            let request = VNCoreMLRequest(model: using, completionHandler: { [weak self] request, error in
                self?.processClassifications(for: request, error: error)
            })
            request.imageCropAndScaleOption = .centerCrop
            return request

    }

my classification cade which will take an image
 func updateClassifications(for image: UIImage) {
        classificationLabel.text = "Classifying..."

        var models = try? VNCoreMLModel(for: SqueezeNet().model)

        if let modelsss = models {
            extensionofhandler(ciimage: image, vnmodel: modelsss)
            return
        }

        _ = MLModelCollection.beginAccessing(identifier: "TestingResnetModel") { [self] result in

            var modelUrl: URL?

            switch result {
            case .success(let collection):
                modelUrl = collection.entries["class"]?.modelURL

            case .failure(let error):

                fatalError("sorry \(error)")
            }
            let result = loadfishcallisier(from: modelUrl)

            switch result {
            case .success(let modelesss):
                models = try? VNCoreMLModel(for: modelesss)
                extensionofhandler(ciimage: image, vnmodel: models!)
            case .failure(let error):
                fatalError("plz \(error)")
            }
        }

    }

func loadfishcallisier(from modelUrl: URL?) -> Result<MLModel,Error> {
        if let modelUrl = modelUrl {
            return Result { try MLModel(contentsOf: modelUrl)}
        } else {
            return Result { try MLModel(contentsOf: modelUrl!, configuration: .init())}
        }
    }

    func extensionofhandler(ciimage: UIImage,vnmodel: VNCoreMLModel) {
        let orientation = CGImagePropertyOrientation(ciimage.imageOrientation)
        guard let ciImage = CIImage(image: ciimage) else { fatalError("Unable to create \(CIImage.self) from \(ciimage).")
        }
        DispatchQueue.global(qos: .userInitiated).async { [self] in

            let handler = VNImageRequestHandler(ciImage: ciImage, orientation: orientation)

            do {

            try handler.perform([coremlmodel(using: vnmodel)])

            } catch {
                fatalError("Check the error")
            }
        }
    }

my classification code
 func processClassifications(for request: VNRequest, error: Error?) {
        DispatchQueue.main.async {
            guard let results = request.results else {
                self.classificationLabel.text = "Unable to classify image.\n\(error!.localizedDescription)"
                return
            }
            // The `results` will always be `VNClassificationObservation`s, as specified by the Core ML model in this project.
            let classifications = results as! [VNClassificationObservation]

            if classifications.isEmpty {
                self.classificationLabel.text = "Nothing recognized."
            } else {
                // Display top classifications ranked by confidence in the UI.
                let topClassifications = classifications.prefix(2)
                let descriptions = topClassifications.map { classification in
                    // Formats the classification for display; e.g. "(0.37) cliff, drop, drop-off".
                   return String(format: "  (%.2f) %@", classification.confidence, classification.identifier)
                }
                self.classificationLabel.text = "Classification:\n" + descriptions.joined(separator: "\n")
            }
        }
    }

Xcode throws no error but it's not recognising anything.
if I have done anything wrong in my code I humbly ask you to show it to me and solve it
and is there any tutorial for retrieving the model from coreml model deployment.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Jaguar E-Type anniversary marked by new 60 Collection cars
HomeCar NewsJaguar E-Type anniversary marked...
The Jaguar E-Type 60 Collection marks six decades since the car was unveiled at the 1961 Geneva Motor Show. Six pairs, each comprising a roadster and coupe, are to be built, priced at around £850,000 (approximately AUD$1.5 million) for the pair.
Collectors will not be able to buy the cars individually, though a choice of left or right-hand drive is available. Some orders have already been taken but a few pairs are still available. The coupe is finished in Flat Out Grey and the roadster in Drop Everything Green, both unique colours specially created and reserved only for the 60 Collection models. The distinctive shades are named after the haste with which the E-Type was driven to Geneva in 1961.
The cars are largely true to the original E-Type launch models, but have a few choice modern conveniences. Modern cooling and ignition systems are fitted for durability, a retro-styled infotainment system brings convenience, stainless-steel exhausts are "dimensionally identical" to standard spec but add a "deeper tone", while the cars have close-ratio five-speed manual gearboxes for improved usability.
The E-Type 60 Collection cars are fully restored 1960s models, each stripped down to the bare metal, and rebuilt using as many original components as possible. Around 1,100 hours are spent on the bare metalwork alone and the restoration work carried out at Jaguar Classic in Coventry includes the fitment of suspension dampers purpose-built from the original drawings.
As well as a few subtle modern improvements, the cars come with four 'E-type 60' logos: one on the rev counter, one of the fuel filler, one on the chassis plate, and one on the bonnet badge.
Specially designed gearbox casings were also created, meaning no bodywork was cut and that the original four-speed gearboxes (included with the cars) can be refitted should owners wish.
Hand-engraved centre consoles etched by Johnny 'King Nerd' Dowell, meanwhile, chart the routes taken to Geneva, with the coupe and roadster having slightly different maps, reflecting the journeys taken by drivers Bob Berry and Norman Dewis on their way to the show in 1961. The coupe was originally chosen as the Geneva car, but such was the demand for test drives, Dewis was told to "drop everything" and drive a roadster from Coventry to Geneva overnight.
Both cars feature a 198kW 3.8-litre straight-six engine, for a 0-100km/h time of seven seconds, and a top speed of 240km/h. Buyers also get a bespoke car cover, tool roll and jack storage bag, and will be invited to a commemorative drive – complete with "exclusive stays and fine cuisine" – from Jaguar's home base of Coventry to Geneva in Switzerland in summer 2022.
Dan Pink, director of Jaguar Classic, called the 60 Collection "the ultimate birthday present to the E-type", with the cars representing "a labour of love for our designers, engineers, craftspeople and partners." He added: "Exquisite detailing combined with enhanced usability ensure these E-types will be coveted and enjoyed for decades to come by their discerning owners".
Hugo Griffiths
Modern-day Jaguar E-Type set to launch
Eagle E-Type Lightweight GT revealed

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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From Boulder to New Orleans or from Nashville to San Francisco, at least one or two of our CurEaters will have a list of the best places to eat in each city. We've rounded up the 6 CurEaters who have the most lists on CurEat and who you should 120% follow. Immediately.
Roanoke, VA CurEater Hungry Asian, also known as John Park, comes in at number one with 47 lists. The guy LOVES to eat. It says it on his CurEat profile, so we aren't making it up. Among his 47 lists are his "Korean Restaurants" list and "Ramen" list that we are particularly excited about.
Charleston, SC CurEater Robert Donovan is not far behind Hungry Asian with 34 lists on his CurEat profile of the best places to eat. Robert is our resident hot dog expert and has 3 lists dedicated solely to the classic all-American food. One of our favorite things about Robert is his Instagram bio. Check it out. But first, follow him on CurEat to see where this man likes to eat and drink.
We are endlessly grateful to CurEater Atlanta Food & Wine Festival for their 25 lists. You know when you go to a food or drink fest and you get a pamphlet with a list of all the chefs, etc. participating? By the end of the weekend (or first day), you've either left it in your Lyft on the way to a tasting tent or in your hotel room. We've been there. Thanks to CurEater Atlanta Food & Wine Festival, you can find all the festival participants in one place!
Raleigh, NC CurEater Chana Lynn is the voice behind the RALEIGHWHATSUP blog. She may be an expert when it comes to the best places to eat and drink in Raleigh, but she doesn't limit her 23 lists to the Triangle. Follow Chana to see what's up in Asheville, Brooklyn and Key West.
Jacksonville, FL CurEater and Chef Kenny Gilbert, of Underground Kitchen and Gilbert's Social, has a solid line up of 21 lists, from Jacksonville to NYC and Los Angeles to Maui. Want to eat bbq in Sea Island, GA? Chef Kenny has a list for that, too. Follow Chef Kenny on CurEat and see if your favorite restaurant and bars match up with his.
Durham CurEater and Cider King Mattie Beason, of Black Twig Cider House, tied with Chef Kenny with 21 lists. If you want to know where to drink the best cider, Mattie B. has a "Cider Centric" list. If you happen to find yourself in Boulder, CO, check out his "Boulder Stops" list for the best places to eat and drink. Mattie B. is someone who we would want to join us for a road trip, and now he can. Follow him on CurEat and take Mattie B. along with you on your next trip around the country.


It was May 25th, 1991. I awoke to the sound of talking and ambulance sirens. Walking into the living room of my father's apartment, I encountered great commotion, appearing to be some sort of low-key party. The people who were present, some known to me, some unknown, were talking about my father. At first, myself and my sister did not understand what was going on.
My Nan approached me and I said, "Nan, what's going on?" She answered, in her thick southern accent, "Nicky, Daddy's gone away for awhile."
At first thought, I believed he had simply skipped town to get away from the city, family problems, and his life in general. This made sense to me; others in my family had spoken of it.
Later the same day, I was seated on the sofa in my Aunt Maureen's living room, encircled by the women of my family. My sister, seated next to me, was obviously as oblivious to what was going on as I. Within the ten minutes following, my sister and I received the worst news any seven-and five-year-old children could imagine.
"Daddy died last night." I don't exactly remember who said it, but the words still ring clear in my memory. At this point, everything else becomes a blur. My vision was smeared by tears, my emotions poured freely, emotions that neither I nor anyone else knew I possessed. The world around me stopped; nothing existed except for me, and the pain I was feeling.
This is the earliest memory I have, and for a while afterward, I cannot remember much. As a direct result of this event, I went from being a straight-A student in the first grade to a near-failure in the second grade. For quite a long time after, the fact that I would never see my father again loomed over my head, an evil ready to dive down on me, but one that I could not expunge, for it was intangible. For quite a while, I allowed this to destroy my attitude toward life, and being my first encounter with death, I allowed it to make me want to die. Nothing could have helped me to rise above the woes life dealt.
Not long after this event, my mother became so greatly dependent on heroin, and any other number of narcotics, that there was seldom enough money to even supply dinner for the family. My mother had entered into an abusive relationship, which turned into abuse of me. This relationship lasted for quite a while, which ended for a short time, for me, due to the loss of our apartment to fire. Whether my mother was so delusional from her incredible addiction, or actually thought that the relationship was normal, I may never know.
During the course of my mother's relationship, my sister and I became 'communal family property,' to put a label on our status. Needless to say, schoolwork was not at the top of my priority list, and therefore suffered greatly.
After living with two of my aunts, as a part of their family, I wound up with my mother's brother, where I had spent seven and one half years, where I did not feel as though I was a part of the family. At present, I am again living with my Aunt Maureen where I am doing much better, emotionally and educationally.
After a prolonged grieving period over not only the passing of my father, but the loss of my mother to drugs, I realized with the help of family and friends, that life does not end for one when it ends for another. This encouraged me to pick up my young life and at least attempt to succeed. It took awhile to pick myself up from the ditch I had placed myself in, but I did well enough to gain admission to Central High School.
Although life has dealt its share of blows, I have still successfully completed three years at Central, and upon graduation, I am prepared to take on the next set of challenges. Through over thirteen years of school, I have learned that effort is what matters.
Effort is what gave me the edge in overcoming life's obstacles. Effort allowed me to succeed in elementary, middle, and high school. Effort helped me in applying to college, and I am sure will ensure my success. After a short lifetime of overcoming, I am prepared to take life head on, and to conquer the battles that life will throw my way.


SWINDON Town can confirm that the internal investigation into the recent conduct of Drissa Traore, Jeremy Balmy and Brandon Ormonde-Ottewill has now concluded and a disciplinary meeting has taken place.
The three first team players have been fined by the football club for their actions.
The trio acknowledge that their actions were wrong and would like to apologise to their team mates, the club's staff and the supporters.
They are keen to move on from this issue and get back to training to help the team as quickly as possible. All three will be considered for selection once again this weekend.
Swindon Town now consider this matter to be closed and will be making no further comment.


Providing outstanding client service means always being available to our clients and helping them find solutions to their problems.
David Gannon is a Partner of the Firm and has nearly 20 years of experience providing accounting and auditing services to public sector clients. Prior to joining PKF O'Connor Davies he was a Partner of the public sector group of a regional accounting firm. David specializes in public sector organizations, including public school districts, municipalities, counties, local authorities, colleges and universities, New Jersey State authorities and New York City agencies.
As a partner in the Public Sector Practice Group, David focuses his energy on providing outstanding client service and proactive solutions to problems that government organizations face in a heavily regulated enviroment. His expertise includes performing financial statement audits, performance audits, single audits, internal audits, forensic audits and special advisory engagements. He is recognized for implementing complex Governmental Accounting Standards, including GASB Standards related to pensions, OPEBS and derivatives. David also performs numerous single audits in accordance with the Federal Uniform Guidance and NJ OMB Circular 15-08.
David regularly speaks on governmental accounting and auditing topics provided to a number of professional associations throughout the State of New Jersey. He is actively involved in the New Jersey Society of CPA's Government Interest Group, and served as its leader from 2014 through 2016. He was recently included on the A List by the NJCPA recognizing his expertise in the field of governmental accounting and auditing.


text:
Hermann Gamon (* 26. Mai 1929 in Nenzing, Vorarlberg; † 10. Juli 2015) war ein österreichischer Skirennläufer und Trainer. Er feierte in den 1950er-Jahren mehrere Siege in internationalen Rennen und war ab 1959 Cheftrainer der Damen sowie ab 1968 Cheftrainer der Herren im Österreichischen Skiverband.

Biografie
Gamon arbeitete als Lokführer bei den Österreichischen Bundesbahnen, war mehrfacher "Eisenbahner-Meister" im Skilauf und wurde 1954 in den Nationalkader des Österreichischen Skiverbandes aufgenommen. In jenem Jahr erzielte er die ersten Podestplätze in FIS-Rennen mit zweiten Rängen in Slalom und Kombination um das "Weiße Band" in St. Moritz. Er feierte den ersten Sieg im Winter 1954/1955 bei einem Slalom in L'Alpe d'Huez, musste aber die gesamte folgende Saison 1955/1956 verletzungsbedingt pausieren. Der Winter 1956/1957 wurde zu Gamons erfolgreichster Saison. Er gewann zwei Abfahrten in Sestriere, eine Abfahrt in Villard-de-Lans, Abfahrt und Kombination am Ätna sowie einen Riesenslalom am Puerto de Navacerrada. Er nahm danach noch weitere zwei Jahre an Skirennen teil, fuhr mehrmals auf das Podest und feierte einen letzten Sieg im Riesenslalom am Ätna 1959.

Noch während seiner aktiven Laufbahn begann Gamon als Damentrainer im Vorarlberger Skiverband zu arbeiten, ehe er 1958 die Damenmannschaft des Österreichischen Skiverbandes übernahm. Neben einigen arriverten Läuferinnen führte er eine Reihe junger Fahrerinnen an die Weltspitze heran. Dem dritten Platz der damals 16-jährigen Traudl Hecher in der Olympiaabfahrt 1960 folgte bei der Weltmeisterschaft 1962 in Chamonix der große Triumph, als die österreichischen "Skimädchen" Marianne Jahn, Christl Haas und Erika Netzer unter Cheftrainer Hermann Gamon 3 von 4 Wettkämpfen und insgesamt 7 von 12 Medaillen gewannen. Bei den Olympischen Winterspielen 1964 in Innsbruck kamen weitere 5 Medaillen hinzu, darunter der Dreifachsieg in der Abfahrt durch Christl Haas, Edith Zimmermann und Traudl Hecher. 1968 wechselte Gamon innerhalb des ÖSV von den Damen zu den Herren, die er bis 1972 betreute. Auch mit ihnen feierte er einige Erfolge, darunter 21 Siege in Weltcuprennen sowie den Weltmeistertitel 1970 im Riesenslalom und die Gesamtweltcupsiege 1969 und 1970 durch Karl Schranz.

Auszeichnungen
 1965: Silbernes Verdienstzeichen der Republik Österreich

Literatur
 Ditfurth, Christina: Die Welt ist meine Heimat. Off Piste. Norderstedt, Books on Demand, 2005, ISBN 3-8334-2013-8. S. 54, 86 f, 168, 219.
 Hummer, Bruno, u. a.: Nenzinger Schigeschichte. Nenzing, Schriftenreihe Band 1. Nenzing, Frei, 2005. ISBN 3-900143-00-5. S. 82 ff.
 Österreichischer Skiverband (Hrsg.): Österreichische Skistars von A–Z. Ablinger & Garber, Hall in Tirol 2008, ISBN 978-3-9502285-7-1, S. 89.
 Österreichischer Skiverband (Hrsg.): 100 Jahre Österreichischer Skiverband. Ablinger & Garber, Hall in Tirol 2005, S. 89.

Einzelnachweise

Alpiner Skirennläufer (Österreich)
Alpinskitrainer (Österreich)
Träger des Silbernen Verdienstzeichens der Republik Österreich (1952)
Sportler (Vorarlberg)
Österreicher
Geboren 1929
Gestorben 2015
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Hi, I am looking to buy a DVR card to put in my Macs. What do you have available? I require a DVR card that will take min 8 Cameras.
Thank You for contacting CCTV Camera Pros. I am sorry but we do not carry any DVR cards for MAC PCs and unfortunately, I do not know of any on the market at this time. CCTV Camera Pros does have some options for you though as far as live viewing security cameras from a MAC computer and even controlling the settings on the DVR. Here is a link to our iDVR-PRO which is a stand alone surveillance DVR that allows you to view and control cameras remotely from any MAC PC. It is also compatible with Windows PCs, iPhone, Blackberry, and Android cell phones.
We also sell Geovision PC based surveillance DVRs that allow you to view your security cameras remotely over the Internet from a MAC. The actual Geovision recorder is based on a Windows PC.


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Levi Strauss Sewing Up the iPod Market?
"iPod owners might be daft fashion victims who are easily parted from their money, but they are not thieves, despite what Steve Ballmer may, or may not, have said.
"A survey of US and UK music buyers reveals that although 25 per cent of people admit to downloading music from file-sharing services, only seven per cent of iPod owners do so. Proving that iPod users are either scrupulously honest or more paranoid they'll get sued by RIAA than owners of lesser music players."
"A week after Microsoft and MTV pitched the Urge.com rival to iTunes, Apple Computer upped the ante in online entertainment and services.
"Apple's chief executive Steve Jobs opened San Francisco's Macworld announcing an iPod deal destined to put iTunes in 40 per cent of US cars, additional content for the latest iPod, and escalating market uptake and sales.
"Jobs additionally unveiled software tools that simplify development and hosting of web sites incorporating podcasts, blogs and RSS on Apple's .mac internet service.
"US car giant Chrysler will integrate Apple's iPod with three million cars and Jeeps in the US, taking iPod out of its current luxury and European car niche. More than 40 per cent of US cars sold in 2006 would feature integration with iPod, Jobs claimed."
"Fujitsu will start producing 1.8in hard disks through a partnership with Cornice, a US manufacturer of small format hard drives for consumer electronics devices.
"The company will start by developing a 120 Gb [editor's note: we assume the author means GB] model scheduled for release by 2007. Fujitsu is entering a market currently dominated by Toshiba.
"Small hard drives are widely deployed in portable media players such as Apple's iPod. Other applications include digital video cameras and ultra-portable notebooks."
"There was a time when 'high-tech apparel' meant clothes that were coated with some slick substance to ward off wrinkles and deter ketchup stains. Now, with the skyrocketing popularity of Apple Computer's iPod digital music player, some clothing companies are upgrading the tech factor in their threads.
"San Francisco-based Levi Strauss, for one, expects to launch its Levi's RedWire DLX jeans this fall. Designed to work with the iPod, the $200 jeans have a 'docking station' in a pocket where the wearer plugs in the device. A control panel sewn directly into the area where most jeans have a coin pocket (at the right hip), means wearers don't have to continually take the iPod out of a pocket to adjust the volume or locate a song...."
"A University of Leicester psychologist has concluded that modern listeners don't value music as much as their 19th-century counterparts did - and he blames the iPod and music downloading.
"The results: participants are highly exposed to music; they listen to more pop than classical, jazz or other forms; they tend to listen when they're on their own; they tend to hear more music at home than in public; music was usually experienced during the course of some activity other than deliberate music listening, and - guess what - 'liking for the music varied depending on who the participant was with, where they were, and whether they had chosen to be able to hear music'."
"However, equally baffled but more cost-conscious consumers are already availing themselves of the free iPod courses Apple itself runs in its Regent Street store, about 15 minutes' walk from Selfridges' Oxford Street site."
PR: Missed out on Macworld Expo this year? Let iPod Garage bring you the Expo through our EXPOBOOK, the free downloadable 49-page book containing everything we learned about the iPod universe at Macworld Expo. Includes up close and personal hands-on looks at newly announced iPod-related products from Apple and third parties, detailed coverage of the iPod-related workshops and seminars, and hundreds of photographs of all of the above. Download the free 2006 EXPOBOOK now for a detailed look at what all you missed out on this year, as well a look at the kind of experience you can expect as an iPod user if you attend Macworld Expo in future years.
PR: TuneBuckle is a unique and innovative way to protect and transport your iPod nano.
Made from high grade metals and leather, you will never be without style or rhythm.
PR: Attach TuneCenter to your television and stereo for viewing photos, watching video, listening to your iPod music library or internet radio. With the included 14 button remote, TuneCenter turns your iPod into a complete Home Media Center. Just dock the iPod into TuneCenter, and let the entertainment begin.
Among TuneCenter's innovations is the ability to display iPod playlists and song information on your TV screen. TuneCenter takes music sharing to a whole new level: now the whole room can see at a glance the song title, artist, album and progress of the current song.
TuneCenter's remote allows navigation of the entire iPod library, as well as preferences such as shuffle and repeat modes, and EQ. Use TuneCenter's remote to fast forward, rewind, choose next/previous song, browse playlists etc., all without getting up off the couch. This breakthrough is the ultimate solution for taking full (remote!) control of your iPod.
Need more music? No problem. TuneCenter also plays internet radio stations. Choose from thousands of free channels ranging from quiet atmospheres to things that don't technically qualify as music - your call. Just plug TuneCenter into your network. If you have a wireless access point, you can stream audio wirelessly from the internet. And you can do it all with on-screen navigation. Very cool.
TuneCenter makes even better use of your TV screen than just the ability to display song lists. Use TuneCenter to display your iPod's photos on the large screen. This is television REALLY worth watching: your own works of art. Display slideshows of your latest vacation, special events etc. Take TuneCenter with you for the most compact business presentation system ever. Simply choose a slideshow and soundtrack and let 'er rip. TuneCenter's remote keeps you in control.
When it comes to watching movies, the bigger the better. Your iPod with video is the best way to carry your movies around; but the best place for watching movies and video is on your home entertainment system. Tap the full potential of your video collection with TuneCenter, all at the touch of a button. Fast forward, rewind and pause from the recliner.
Bring iPod home with TuneCenter.
PR: GizMac, known for their XRackPro Noise Reduction Enclosure for Apple Xserve and Xserve RAID systems, debuts the new Titan iPod Video case at the MacWorld Exposition in San Francisco. The new Video iPod case is part of an emerging line of accessories for the Apple platform and the Titan is on display in booth #2211 at MacWorld.
'Cause' Everyone Wears Their iPod Differently' is the motto of the Titan case for a good reason, the included carabiner clip, arm band, belt clip with 360 degree rotation for vertical, horizontal or any position in between and lanyard accessories provide a wide range of ways to wear the iPod Video. The Titan goes even one step further with the ability to easily change whether the top or the bottom of the iPod Video faces upward or downward, providing unmatched flexibility.
PR: Long Island-based Think Different Store has added to its aluminum line of iPod protection with the introduction of its Aluminum Case for 5G iPod. The case is available in two colors: Silver and Black; two sizes: 30 GB and 60 GB; and also comes with an optional belt clip. The case which sells for $24.95 is strong, sleek and provides a perfect fit for the iPod video. Cutouts offer access to iPod's dock connector port, clickwheel, earphone jack, and hold switch.
And here's more "heavy metal" from TDS: Aluminum iPod nano Case available in four colors: black, silver, red and blue. Comes with an optional belt clip and lanyard. Price $24.95.
PR: CyraKnow has announced the March launch timeframe of its newest Rambler audio phrase books created specifically for iPod-savvy travelers. The company designed the four new Rambler audio phrase books in Arabic, Japanese, Korean and Mandarin specifically for iPod use with the intent of helping new and seasoned travelers learn the nuances of pronunciation and basic phrases for each language in a short period of time. The company currently offers Rambler audio phrase books in French, German, Italian and Spanish.
The Rambler audio phrase books are priced at $19.95 separately, and $49.95 for four languages. Each phrase book will include over 900 words and phrases recorded by a native speaker, as well as a printable PDF of popular sites and attractions for major cities in each country. Each language is interactive and organized into categories such as travel, food, and lodging to make the search process easier, and is designed to help travelers find the word or phrase they need through two clicks on their iPods. Each phrase book varies in size, and the largest is 80MB. Rambler is compatible with Mac OS X 10.2, Windows 2000 or XP, iPod (dock connector and click wheel models), iPod mini or iPod nano.
CyraKnow was founded by Jeff Carns and Jeffrey Gonsalves in January 2005. These are the second Rambler foreign language tools designed by the company.
PR: Download your favourite RSS and Atom news and blog feeds to your iPod. Read them anywhere.
A small and simple utility for downloading RSS feeds to your iPod. Requires an Apple Macintosh running OSX 10.4 Tiger or OSX 10.3.9 Panther. Requires an iPod,iPod mini or iPod nano with Notes facility.
RSS is a way of presenting the contents of news or news-like sites such as Wired, the BBC, Slashdot or personal blogs. Look out for the orange XML or RSS buttons on sites that are RSS compatible. RSS-aware programs called news aggregators check your list of RSS feeds and display new items from each. News aggregators usually run and display on your computer, but iFeedPod collects all the news from your feeds, and copies them to your iPod for you to read wherever you have the time.
PR: So you got the new video-enabled iPod. You've got your own movies. Why can't you watch them on your new iPod?
MoviePod saves you the trouble of having to manually convert your movies in order to play them on your iPod. With MoviePod, converting a movie takes a single Drag & Drop!
MoviePod can automatically add converted movies to a playlist of your choice and update your iPod.
You can queue up as many movies for conversion as you like and when you return, MoviePod will have them all ready to go on your iPod.
MoviePod supports every common movie format* (MOV, MPG, AVI, ASF, WMV, VOB, DV and QuickTime plugins) so you can easily get your movie collection onto your iPod!
If you're like most iPod users, you have spent a good deal of time and expense building your digital music collection. Ripping CDs into mp3 files is something most people only have the patience to do once. And what about the songs you have downloaded? Songs purchased from the iTunes Music Store® can only be downloaded one time and must be re-purchased if lost. If your computer is stolen, broken, or infected with a virus, is your music safe?
Your iPod Is Your Backup You already have a backup copy of your music - on your iPod. But iTunes® only allows you to copy your music in one direction - from your computer onto your iPod. It won't let you make a backup copy of your music from your iPod onto another computer. That is exactly why you need Backstage. Backstage lets you quickly and easily copy your music from your iPod onto any Mac or Windows PC.* In addition to being the perfect insurance policy for your digital music collection, Backstage also lets you manage your music library easily and conveniently.
Like your iPod, Backstage works equally well with both Macs and Windows PCs. When you purchase a license for Backstage, you can use your serial number to install Backstage on up to five (5) compatible computers. Your 5 licensed installations can include any combination of Mac or Windows PCs. You get both versions for the Special Introductory Price of $9.99.
** Backstage does not remove or otherwise alter the Fairplay® Digital Rights Management controls embedded in content purchased from the iTunes Music Store. Fairplay currently allows purchased content to be installed and played on up to five (5) computers at one time. Unprotected mp3 and video files can be freely copied for personal use without restriction.


Our Pittsford, NY restaurant onsite at our hotel, the Garden Grille & Bar, serves up cooked-to-order breakfast daily. Dinner is available, also evening room service, event catering, and convenience items you can take to your room.
A freshly prepared breakfast is offered daily in the Garden Grille & Bar, dinner is also available. The Pavilion Pantry® convenience mart offers sundries, an assortment of beverages and ready-to-cook meals bound for the in-room microwave oven or refrigerator. Beverages are served at the Garden Grille & Bar.
Room service is available from 5:00pm to 9:00pm daily. The menu offers a wide variety of items, including Steaks, Seafood, Sandwiches, and Hamburgers.
Whether you are planning a wedding, family reunion or banquet for your team, we are the perfect choice for small to medium size meetings, seminars or cocktail parties. Our experienced staff and delicious menu selections are sure to make your function a success.
Our on-site restaurant offers a variety of culinary delights for every meal. Breakfast and dinner are served daily in a casual environment. Ask about our Daily Specials and Happy Hour on Fridays.


text:
Television episodes, Wizards of Waverly Place episodes, Episode stubs
Wizards vs. Vampires on Waverly Place
"Wizards vs. Vampires on Waverly Place"
Season 2 Number 47
Peter Murrieta
Victor Gonzalez
Wizards of Waverly Place Episodes
"Cast-Away (To Another Show)" "Wizards vs. Vampires: Tasty Bites"
"Wizards vs. Vampires on Waverly Place" is the forty-seventh episode overall and the twenty-sixth episode of the second season in Wizards of Waverly Place.
2 Magical Beings
3 Co-stars
4 Guest stars
When a new sandwich shop (the Late Nite Bite) opens in Waverly Place, Justin falls in love with the owner's daughter, Juliet Van Heusen. But when the Russos finds out that they are vampires both parents say they can't date. Meanwhile, Alex tries to get rid of Max because of his annoying impressions and tries to send him to an underwater camp for the summer, but her plan blows up when Justin finally tells his parents about him and Juliet. In the end, both parents allow their children to date each other again.
Magical Beings
Vampires (monsters)
Co-stars
Andrew Michael Davies as Alternate Justin, Mary K. DeVault as Mary, and Jim Giordano as Marvin
Bridgit Mendler as Juliet Van Heusen
Anne Ramsay as Cindy Van Heusen
JD Cullum as Alucard Van Heusen
The version available on iTunes has scenes deleted from the episode, such as Max's Jack Nicholson, Dr. Evil and Jerry Seinfeld impersonations, or when Juliet complains about her not dating Justin. When this episode was broadcast on Disney Channel Middle East, this episode had some scenes deleted and as a result, the running time of the episode was 23 minutes instead of 38 minutes. In the episode "Future Harper", the future version of Harper (played by Rachel Dratch) mentions saving a girl named Juliet. Also for a couple of Season 1 episodes you can see The Late Night Bight in the background.
Wizards of Waverly Place • Wizards of Waverly Place: The Movie • The Wizards Return: Alex vs. Alex • Wizards on Deck with Hannah Montana • Soundtrack • Video Game • Disney Channel All Star Party • The Suite Life on Deck • Spellbound
Alex Russo • Justin Russo • Max Russo • Harper Finkle • Theresa Russo • Jerry Russo • Zeke Beakerman • Hershel Laritate • Mason Greyback • Juliet Van Heusen • Professor Crumbs • Hugh Normous • Dean Moriarty • Felix • Monotone Woman • Chancellor Rudy Tootietootie • Steve Nichols • Gigi Hollingsworth • The Wannabes • Riley • Frankie/Joey • Kelbo Russo • Joey • Conscience • Rosie • Gorog • Talia Robinson • Miranda Hampson • T.J. Taylor • Officer Lamp • Officer Goblin • Dr. Evilini • Alfred • Ronald Longcape Sr. • Ronald Longcape Jr. • Mr. Stuffleby • Alucard Van Heusen • Cindy Van Heusen • Frankengirl/Frankie Stein • The Mummy • MacGruder • Ogre • Chase Riprock • Brad Sherwood • Jerko Phoenix • Susan • Ruby Donahue • Isabella • Jenny Majorheely • Jennette Brocolleti • Daphne • Tutor Hatchback • Megan Russo • Archie • Giselle • Javier • Conscience's Conscience • George • Warren Nichols • Nancy Lukey • Lisa Cucuy • Dominic • Carmela • Francesca • Evil Alex
Guest Characters: Zack Martin • Cody Martin • London Tipton • Bailey Pickett • Marion Moseby
Season 1: "Crazy 10-Minute Sale" • "First Kiss" • "I Almost Drowned in a Chocolate Fountain" • "New Employee" • "Disenchanted Evening" • "You Can't Always Get What You Carpet" • "Alex's Choice" • "Curb Your Dragon" • "Movies" • "Pop Me and We Both Go Down" • "Potion Commotion" • "Justin's Little Sister" • "Wizard School" • "The Supernatural" • "Alex in the Middle" • "Report Card" • "Report Card" • "Alex's Spring Fling" • "Quinceañera" • "Art Museum Piece"
Season 2: "Smarty Pants" • "Beware Wolf" • "Graphic Novel" • "Racing" • "Alex's Brother, Maximan" • "Saving WizTech" • "Harper Knows" • "Taxi Dance" • Baby Cupid" • "Make it Happen" • "Fairy Tale" • "Fashion Week" • "Helping Hand" • "Art Teacher" • "Future Harper" • "Alex Does Good" • "Hugh's Not Normous" • "Don't Rain on Justin's Parade – Earth" • "Family Game Night" • "Justin's New Girlfriend" • "My Tutor, Tutor" • "Paint By Committee" • "Wizard for a Day" • "Cast-Away (To Another Show)" • "Wizards vs. Vampires on Waverly Place" • "Wizards vs. Vampires: Tasty Bites" • "Wizards vs. Vampires: Dream Date" • "Wizards & Vampires vs. Zombies" • "Retest"
Season 3: "Franken Girl" • "Halloween" • "Monster Hunter" • "Three Monsters" • "Night at the Lazerama" • "Doll House" • "Marathoner Harper" • "Alex Charms a Boy" • "Wizards vs. Werewolves" • "Positive Alex" • "Detention Election" • "Dude Looks Like Shakira" • "Eat to the Beat" • "Third Wheel" • "The Good, the Bad, and the Alex" • "Western Show" • "Alex's Logo" • "Dad's Buggin' Out" • "Max's Secret Girlfriend" • "Alex Russo, Matchmaker?" • "Delinquent Justin" • "Captain Jim Bob Sherwood" • "Wizards vs. Finkles" • "All About You-Niverse" • "Uncle Ernesto" • "Moving On" • "Wizards Unleashed" • "Wizards Exposed"
Season 4: "Alex Tells the World" • "Alex Gives Up" • "Lucky Charmed" • "Journey to the Center of Mason" • "Three Maxes and a Little Lady" • "Daddy's Little Girl" • "Everything's Rosie for Justin" • "Dancing with Angels" • "Wizards vs. Angels" • "Back to Max" • "Zeke Finds Out" • "Alex Magic Unmasked" • "Meet the Werewolves" • "Beast Tamer" • "Wizard of the Year" • "Misfortune at the Beach" • "Wizards vs. Asteroid" • "Justin's Back In" • "Alex the Puppetmaster" • "My Two Harpers" • "Wizards of Apartment 13B" • "Ghost Roommate" • "Get Along, Little Zombie" • "Wizards vs. Everything" • "Rock Around the Clock" • "Harperella" • "Who Will Be the Family Wizard"
Alex's Wand • Justin's Wand • Max's Wand • Russo Portal
Waverly Sub Station • Russo Lair • The Loft • Tribeca Prep • WizTech
Everything Is Not What It Seems • A Year Without Rain
Retrieved from "https://disney.fandom.com/wiki/Wizards_vs._Vampires_on_Waverly_Place?oldid=3898018"


I, for one, hope that youth will again revolt and again demoralize the dead weight of conformity that now lies upon us.
Emerson was the chief figure in the American transcendental movement, a fact that complicates all accounts of him in literary or cultural history.
When he died, Emerson was thought of as the representative American writer par excellence, and his point of view was still so potent that William James was honored to be asked to speak at a centenary celebration.
Emerson then incarnated the moral optimism, the progress, and the energy of the American spirit.


Note – As detailed below, I'm an investor and adviser to Cloudability – disclosure is important so feel free to peruse my disclousre page.
It's exciting times at Cloudability HQ as the team announces an awesome $8.7M Series A round led by the awesome crew from Foundry Group. I first came across Cloudability during their launch last year at Structure – I was instantly excited and that led me to accept an invitation to come on board as an adviser, and then take part in their initial angel round. Fast forward 12 months and here's an awesome validation of what Mat and team have built – $8.7M in funding from some great names like Foundry, 500 Startups, Trinity. Also the untold part of this is the number of small initial investors who are taking part in this subsequent round (myself included).
Building a startup is all about executing cleanly – I've continuously been impressed by just how well the team have built out their product, chosen and executed the right partnerships and hired some super smart people to help them on their way. While there are no sure things in this world, least of all in tech, this is one deal that I feel pretty comfortable about.
Full release copied below – congrats to everyone on the team!
Cloudability, the only way to easily manage and monitor all of your cloud costs in one place, today announced that it has closed a Series A investment round of $8.7 million, led by the Foundry Group. Other participants in the round include 500 Startups, Trinity Ventures and Wieden + Kennedy. Additionally, Cloudability has announced that Jason Mendelson, Managing Director for Foundry Group, and Jason Seats, Managing Director of TechStars Cloud and the founder of Slicehost, have joined its Board of Directors.
Cloudability is rapidly expanding its overall operations in response to an increasing demand for scalable cloud cost management. The Series A round will help further expand its engineering and marketing teams, build out new, advanced features and accelerate platform development and additional cloud-service integrations. Cloudability is making cloud computing and hybrid IT models cost-effective and manageable for all companies – from SMBs to large, enterprise organizations.
According to a recent survey, 53% of respondents believe that cloud computing is more cost effective than in house infrastructure, and creates a less complex IT workflow, which shows sentiment for cloud computing gaining positive traction. Cloudability provides the tools necessary to get the most value out of cloud computing and streamlines the management of cloud usage and costs for improved IT workflow within any organization.
Since its launch in 2011, Cloudability has grown to over 15 employees and tracks over $123 million in cloud spend for over 3000 customers, in over 80 countries around the world. It has continued to expand its breadth of cloud integrations, and now enables customers to track all of their accounts, be it IaaS, PaaS and/or SaaS, from over 90 cloud vendors. Cloudability is free to use.


Nichols, John. If Mountains Die. Signed by the author. A New Mexico Memoir. Photo available. New York. W.W. Norton. 1980. 144 pps. Octavo. Soft cover. First edition. Full number line. Illustrated in black, white and color by William Davis. Signed by John Nichols. Fine (owner name on end paper) copy.
Nichols, Richard. The Classic Corvette. Photo available. New York. Exeter. 1989. 4to. Hardcover. Reprint. Illustrated in black, white and color. Fine copy in fine dust jacket (in mylar).
Nichols, W.G. Honda Civic / CRX / Del Sol. 1984-95 Repair Manual. Covers All U.S. and Canadian Models. Photo available. West Chester. Chilton. 1995. 4to. Soft cover. First edition. Illustrated. Very good copy. Light shelf wear.


Trypanosomes are unicellular eukaryotes which cause African Sleeping Sickness, which is endemic to subSaharan Africa. Trypanosomes can be easily grown as suspension cell lines in the laboratory, where they are straightforward to manipulate and genetically modify.
In this PhD project you will perform cutting edge research that aims to identify molecular signalling events that underpin the survival of schistosomes in their human host.


text:
<?php

/**
 * User Table
 * @autor Francis Gonzales <fgonzalestello91@gmail.com>
 */

namespace Dashboard\Model;

use Zend\Db\TableGateway\TableGateway;
use Zend\Db\Sql\Select;
use Zend\Db\Sql\Sql;

class UserTable
{
    protected $tableGateway;

    public function __construct(TableGateway $tableGateway)
    {
        $this->tableGateway = $tableGateway;
    }

    public function getTableGateway()
    {
        return $this->tableGateway;
    }

    public function fetchAll()
    {
        $resultSet = $this->tableGateway->select();
        return $resultSet;
    }

    /**
     * This functions returns a query to get
     * all the users
     * @return \Zend\Db\Sql\Select
     */
    public function getUsersList()
    {
        $select = new Select();
        $select->from(array(
                    'u' => 'user'
                ))
                ->join(array(
                    'r' => 'role'
                    ),
                    'u.role_id = r.id'
                 )
                ->order('u.id');

        return $select;
    }

    /**
     * This function returns the user by ID
     * @param int $userId
     * @return array
     */
    public function getUser($userId)
    {
        $sql = new Sql($this->tableGateway->getAdapter());
        $select = $sql
                  ->select()
                  ->from(array('u' => 'user'))
                  ->join(
                        array('r' => 'role'),
                        'r.id = u.role_id',
                        array('*')
                    )
                  ->where(array('u.id' => $userId))
                  ->order('u.id');
        $stmt = $sql->prepareStatementForSqlObject($select);
        $results = $stmt->execute();
        return $results;
    }

    /**
     * This function allows to add users
     * @param array $params
     * @return boolean
     */
    public function addUser($params)
    {
        $params['password'] = sha1($params['password']);
        $rs = $this->tableGateway->insert($params);
        return $rs;
    }

    /**
     * This function allows to edit Users
     * @param array $set
     * @param array $where
     * @return boolean
     */
    public function editUser($set, $where)
    {
        if (!empty($set['password'])) {
            $set['password'] = sha1($set['password']);
        } else {
            unset($set['password']);
        }
        $rs = $this->tableGateway->update($set, $where);
        return $rs;
    }

    public function deleteUser($userId)
    {
        $where = array('id' => $userId);
        $rs = $this->tableGateway->delete($where);
        return $rs;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Civic Groups Host East TN Redistricting Hearing
CHATTANOOGA, Tenn. — East Tennesseans can learn more about the redistricting process in Tennessee and share input at an upcoming public hearing held both online and in Hamilton County a week from today.
Debbie Gould, president of the League of Women Voters of Tennessee, said this year's process of redrawing boundaries could change who represents Tennesseans in federal and state government. She encouraged residents to give statements about how future political boundaries could impact representation for their local communities.
"Which will all be documented and shared," Gould explained. "The way it's handled in Tennessee by law, the state legislature is the responsible body for handling redistricting. And we will be submitting all of that information to them."
Gould pointed out participants can email president@lwvtn.org to reserve a spot to speak, and noted statements should be limited to three minutes.
Last month, lawmakers selected five Republicans and two Democrats to sit on a committee tasked with redrawing the state's new congressional and state legislative districts.
Gould pointed out previous hearings held in other parts of the state have raised critical questions about community representation.
"We've also heard from other people, such as folks from Murfreesboro, who ask why is [the] MTSU (Middle Tennessee State University) campus divided among multiple state districts?" Gould recounted. "That doesn't make sense. That diminishes their ability to be able to speak with a powerful voice in the state Legislature."
She added rural residents especially feel their voices have not been heard.
"They feel it's really important for rural counties to be represented by representatives who understand rural areas," Gould observed.
The latest census data showed Tennessee grew by nearly 9%, and increased to nearly seven million residents in 2020, compared with around six million people reported in 2010.
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text:
Fandoms Collide as the Transformers Finally Team Up With Some Little Ponies [Updated]
2/06/20 12:15PM
It's only now that you're realizing this is the only thing you need in your life.
Image: IDW Publishing
It's the epic crossover years in the making. IDW Comics has unveiled the first look at the new Transformers comic, which pairs the robots in disguise with the gentle equestrian creatures of My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic. It could very well be the thing that breaks the internet.
Spotted by Equestria Daily and confirmed by io9, My Little Pony/Transformers is the latest comics crossover involving the Transformers—having previously been featured in stories with the Ghostbusters, Star Trek, and even some zombies. This time around, they've been mashed up with My Little Pony in a four-part miniseries, as a spell cast by Queen Chrysalis has brought some Autobots and Decepticons to the land of Equestria.
Exclusive: The Ghostbusters Are Teaming Up With the Transformers to Save the World
There are few technologically-advanced threats to the world that the Transformers can't handle just
Can you imagine: Rarity with Arcee, Rainbow Dash with Windblade, and freaking Optimus Prime hanging out with Twilight Sparkle? It's absolute madness but in the best possible sense. Here's a look at the cover art.
In addition, here's the synopsis:
In My Little Pony/Transformers, the scheming Queen Chrysalis casts a spell insearch of changeling allies, but accidentally interferes with a distant Cybertronian Spacebridge… and brings the Autobots and Decepticons to Equestria! As the dust settles, it's up to Twilight Sparkle, Optimus Prime, and others to overcome the menace of malevolent magic and machinery!
A Transformers and My Little Pony crossover comic has been in the works at IDW Publishing for years, to the delight of fans of both franchises. Artist Andrew Griffith recently shared a peek at the version he'd been developing around 2017 that never came together, with coloring by Priscilla Tramontano.
Sadly, it doesn't look like he's involved in this latest iteration but Tramontano will be. The series comes from writers James Asmus, Ian Flynn, and Sam Maggs, and artists Casey W. Coller, Jack Lawrence, Sara Pitre-Durocher, Tony Fleecs, and Tramontano, with a special cover by Beth McGuire-Smith.
My Little Pony/Transformers is set to debut with its first of four issues in May.
Correction: The previous article called the comic Transformers: Friendship In Disguise and provided a different cover and release date. IDW has provided the correct information, which we've updated.
For more, make sure you're following us on our Instagram @io9dotcom.
io9ComicsIndies


text:
Modern Greece and the Macedonian Heritage – Part 19 – Fifty authors can't still all be wrong!
By Risto Stefov, May 10, 2009
There are some staunch Modern Greeks out there that still don't get it! Being told that you are a "Greek" or pretending to be a Greek does not really make you a Greek, at least not the kind of Greek you think you are!
We have shown over and over again that "anyone" can become a Greek by accepting the "Greek indoctrination" and that is to learn to speak the Greek language, feel Greek and "pretend" to be a descendent of the so-called "Ancient Greeks". You can learn to speak Greek and feel Greek as much as you want but you can't "pretend" to be something you are not! People should not "pretend" to be something they are not if they want to be taken seriously! Acting like you are the descendents of the so-called "Ancient Greeks", speaking their language and feeling like them does not make you the descendants of the Ancient Greeks! It would be to your advantage to not only learn "the truth" about yourselves but to either embrace it or accept to reject it. Modern Greeks are the descendents of the Slavs, Albanians and Vlachs that immigrated to Greece during the 11th to the 14th centuries AD and all other people that subsequently settled in that region ever since.
The ancient Greeks that you think of and speak of so fondly died off even before Rome conquered Achaea (Greece proper) about two centuries before Christ. When the Romans walked into Athens they found a population made up mostly of slaves. These slaves became the new citizens of Achaea after they were freed by Rome. Unfortunately they too perished over time and that is precisely why Byzantine Emperors and later Ottoman Sultans had to repopulate Achaea first with Slav immigrants and later with Albanians and Vlachs.
Therefore the true ancestors of the Modern Greeks are the Slavs, Albanians and Vlachs and all others that landed in Greece since the disappearance of the so-called ancient Greeks.
Here is evidence from fifty different authors that proves my point that Modern Greeks today are NOT the descendents of the "Ancient Greeks" and are the descendents of the Slavs, Albanians and Vlachs.
1. "The [Greek] claim to southern Albania rests entirely on the assumption that the majority of the population is Greek. The Greeks are stated to number 120,000 and Albanians 80,000. But who are the 'Greeks'? At least five sixths of them, if not more are Christian Albanians of the Orthodox faith, Albanians in sentiment and language, who because they acknowledge the Patriarch of Constantinople are declared to be Greek in point of 'national consciousness'." ("The Nineteenth Century and After XIX-XX a Monthly Review", founded by James Knowles, Vol. LXXXVI, July-December 1919, page 645.)
2. "Did the Greeks constitute a race apart from the Albanians the Slavs and the Vlachs? Yes and no. High school students were told that the 'other races', i.e. the Slavs the Albanians and the Vlachs 'having been Hellenized with the years in terms of mores and customs, are now being assimilated into the Greeks'." ("Greece in the 20th Century", Editors Theodore A. Couloumbis, Theodore Kariots, Fotini Bellou, page 24.)
3. "The Turkish village which formally clustered around the base of the Acropolis [old Athens] has not disappeared: it forms a whole quarter of the town.
An immense majority of the population in this quarter is composed of Albanians." ("Greece and the Greeks of the Present Day", by Edmund About, page 160.)
4. "Through the end of the revolution in 1830, Greeks, including most of the nineteenth-century nationalists, seemed to have had a vague but firm sense of continuity from ancient to modern Greece, though this was not articulated in racial terms but on the basis of a common language, history and consciousness. In effect at this time, whoever called themselves a Greek was a Greek. It is because of this that many Greek-speaking Albanians, Slavs, Rumanians and Vlachs were easily assimilated and indeed became important players in Greek patriotism at the time." ("The Empty Cradle of Democracy", by Alexandra Halkias, page 59.)
5. "The first Greek who had a plan for insurrection and for a liberated Greece was Rhigas of Valestino.
Rhigas was the author of poems, revolutionary proclamations and a constitution…
In this document he spoke of a sovereign people of the proposed state as including 'without distinction of religion and language – Greeks, Albanians, Vlachs, Armenians, Turks and every other race'.
It seems that in their minds the distinction between 'Greek' and 'Orthodox' was still blurred." ("Appleton's Annual Cyclopedia and register of important events 1901", Third Series Volume VI, page 113.)
6. "There cannot be an Athenian alive today who can trace a direct line of descent from classical times to the present day without leaving Athens. Because of numerous and protracted foreign occupations, true Athenians were a relatively small minority even in the Age of Pericles. In a later period, the city was suffering from severe depopulation and was re-stocked with Albanians. At the time of Greek independence in 1834, Athens was a miserable village with a population of only 6,000." ("Insight Guides Athens Greece Series", page 42.)
7. "It is one of a group made famous in the Greek revolution of 1821 by the bravery of its Albanian settlers, in defense of a country which they had never adopted for their own till this moment of danger came.
They brought to it moreover, the hoarded wealth of many years. Albanian captains, Albanian ships and Albanian gold became the strength of the Greek and the dread of the Turk. The successful close of the revolution found them as firmly allied with the Greek nationality as they have been previously alien to it, and there are now no names more honoured and beloved in Athens, no families more influential in its polite circles, than those of the Albanian leaders in the war of 1821, the Tombazis, the Miaulis the Condouriottis." ("The Atlantic Monthly: A magazine of literature, science, art and politics Vol. XLIX, January 1882, page 31.)
8. "Among the numerous islands of the Egian, arise several barren rocks, some of which are however gifted by nature with small and commodious heavens. Of this number are Hydra, Spezzia and Ipsara, the first two close to the Eastern shore of the Peloponnesus, and the latter not far from Scio, on the Asiatic coast. Tyranny and Want had driven some families, whose origin, like that of nearly all the peasants, who inhabited proper Greece, was Albanian, to take refuge on these desolate crags, where they built villages and sought a precarious existence by fishing." ("The Greek Revolution; in origin and progress", by Edward Blaquiere Esq., page 21.)
9. "In reality however, just before the Greek war of independence, most Greeks still referred to themselves as 'Romans. Vlachavas, the priest rebel leader who rose against the Ottomans, declared, 'A Romneos I was born a Romneos I will die." ("Bloodlines from the Ethnic Pride to Ethnic Terrorism", by Vamik Volkan, page 121..
10. "Constantinople and all continental Greece were for centuries ruled and occupied by the Romans, and during many subsequent centuries invaded and colonized by Slavs. The Crusades and the Latin conquest brought a large influx of western Europeans, commonly called Franks, and, in later times, extensive Albanian settlements were made in Greek districts. Clearly, the modern Greek must be of very mixed blood." ("Turkey in Europe" by Sir Charles Elliot, page 267.)
11. "But it has been argued that since the modern day Greeks are not the descendents of the ancient Greeks: 'The Star of Vergina is not a Greek symbol, except in the sense that it happens to have been found in the territory of the present-day Greek state…'." ("Experimenting with Democracy Regime change in the Balkans", edited by Geoffrey Pridham and Tom Gallagher, page 271.)
12. "Contemporary historians state the Emperor Basilius also was a Sclavonian; many cities bearing Sclavonian appellations still exist in Greece, as, for instance, Platza, Stratza, Lutzana,…" ("The Foreign Quarterly Review Vol. XXVI", published in October M. DCCC. XL., 1841, page 73.)
13. "By the fourteenth century Orthodox Christian Arvanites had made their way into the Greek thema of the Byzantine Empire, which largely comprised the land that now constitutes Greece. They first came to Attica as early as 1883…They did not complete their immigration until 1759, when Sultan Murat III offered them land in Athens…Thus the Arvanites were already inhabiting Athens when the city became the capital of Greece in 1834." ("Fragments of Death Fables of Identity An Athenian Anthropography" by Nani Panourgia, page 27.)
14. "I have already said, and I will repeat it, that not one-fifth of the present population can with justice be called Greeks. The remainder are Slavonians, Albanians and Turks, with a slight infusion of Venetian blood." ("Travels in Greece and Russia", by Bayard Tailor, 1872, page 262.)
15. "It should be stressed, however, that the Greeks as an ethnic community during this period [1840's] included many Grecophone or Hellenized Vlachs, Serbs or Orthodox Albanians." ("Greece and the Balkans Identities, Perceptions and Cultural Encounters since the Enlightenment", edited by Dimitris Tziovas, page6.)
16. "All Greek soldiers are required to be able to read and write, and if a conscript on joining has not acquired those rudiments of education, he is put to school. Not withstanding, the educational efforts of the government, as many as 30 percent proven fifteen years or so ago to be completely illiterate, while not more than 25 per cent had advanced beyond the 'three R's'. This may be partly accounted for by the fact that these conscripts included both Albanians from the settlements in Attica and other parts of the Kingdom and pastoral Koutso-Vlachs, all of whom habitually speak their own dialects and learn Greek only as a foreign tongue." ("Greece of the Hellenes", by Lucy M. J. Garnett, 1914, pages 33 and 34.)
17. "I could speak Turkish, and the Macedonian dialect, besides my own Greek tongue, and as a curious boy in the holidays I had been here and there, wishing to know more of the world round me and the people who lived in other villages than mine.
Being neither Turkish nor Greek, we called them Bulgarian, but their language is not Bulgarian, but the Macedonian dialect, and I found lovable people among them, honest, hospitable and kind." ("When I was a Boy in Greece" by George Demetrios, pages 131 and 132.)
18. "The migration of the Albanians is the best attested and in many ways the most instructive of migrations into Greece….
We had difficulty staying because they were rather suspicious of us, but we stayed with a man who talked Greek as his main language, although he talked to his wife in Albanian…
The ancestors of these people probably came to the Epidaurus in the fourteenth or fifteenth century, but they were still talking Albanian as their mother tongue in 1930….
Albanian was the language they talked among themselves, but they could also talk Greek. This was their second language although they lived in Greece….
The one in Epirus which was still Albanian in its customs and its language had probably been there since about 1400…
A group of 10,000 Albanians with their families and their flocks appeared there, and asked if they could be admitted to the Peloponnesus. They were accepted by Theodore, who was the principle ruler of the Peloponnesus…" ("Greece Old and New", by Nicholas Hammond, edited by Tom Winnifrith and Penelope Murray, Pages 39 to 44.)
19. "…so, in the Middle Ages, these Albanian mountaineers have brought both war like spirit, bright costume, and beauty of person, to refresh the Hellenic race. There are still, even in Attica, districts where Albanian is the common language; there are Albanian names famous in Greek annals, especially in the great war of independence (1821-1831) and even among the sailors of Hydra, so famed for their commercial enterprise and their deeds of war, the chief families were Albanian in origin." ("Greek Pictures drawn with pen and pencil" by J. P. Mahaffy, M.A. D.D., 1890, pages 20 and 21.)
20. "Groups of men in stately Albanian costume, with their grand walk and graceful air, stalk up and down with eastern impassibility, price an article, call for a 'fotia' (brazier of coals for lighting cigarettes) , at the cafés, or converse in the strange patois of Greece about the last conclusion of the 'vouli' or house of delegates." ("Greek Vignettes a sail in the Greek Seas, Summer of 1877", by James Albert Herrison, page 148.)
21. "In the 1770's a fiery Orthodox preacher, the monk Kosmas of Aetolia, tried to stem the tide of mass conversions to Islam in the Northern Greek lands by founding Greek schools in a score of villages in Thessaly, Epirus and Macedonia, where the language had long been abandoned for Albanian, Vlach or Slav, and obliged peasants to speak only Greek." ("Greece the Modern Sequel from 1821 to the Present", by John S. Koliopoulos and Thanos M. Veremis, page 159.)
22. "…following the alleged discovery of Slavic buildings by the German excavator at Olympia. The claims were answered by Paparrigopoulos himself, by reinstating his 1843 position that there was indeed a Slavic presence in the Peloponnesus in the Middle Ages, but that the Greeks need not worry because the Slavs were culturally absorbed…" ("The Nation and its Ruins", by Yannis Hamilakis, page 115.)
23. "In 1358 the Albanians overran Epirus, Acarnania and Anatolia and established two principalities under their leaders…
Naupactas fell into their control in 1378…
Other Albanians and Vlachs invaded the Catalan principality of Boeotia and Attica, and a great many Albanians settled there as peasant-farmers in 1368 and later….
The penetration of the Greek mainland which we have described occurred during the hundred or more years after 1325." ("Migrations and Invasions in Greece and Adjacent Areas", by Nicholas G. L. Hammond, page 59.)
24. "When arriving by airplane at Athens, one lands at the new airport at Spata. Spata is a town situated in the Messogia region that bears and Arvanite name that means 'axe' or 'sword' (in Greek 'spaps', spaya from which derives the Albanian Spata). The term 'Arvanite' is the medieval equivalent of 'Albanian'. It is retained today for the descendants of the Albanian tribes that migrated to the Greek lands during the period covering two centuries, from the thirteenth to the fifteenth." ("Hellenism Culture, Identity, and Ethnicity from Antiquity to Modernity", edited by Katerina Zacharia, page 230.)
25. "With them it would be a resurrection, accomplished, no doubt, after vast pains and many troubles, the more so since the Greeks are a composite people among whom the descendents of the veritable Greeks of old are in great minority. The majority are of Albanian and Suliot blood, races which even the Romans found untamable." ("In Greek Waters: a story of the Grecian War of Independence (1821-1827), by G. A. Henty, 1893, page 40.)
26. "Where are we to look for the descendents of the Greeks of old? Travelers tell us that, as late as the sixteenth century, Athens was but a castle with a small village; and that Sparta, divided by two tribes of the Slavi, the Ezeriti and the Milingi, had not only lost her ancient name, but it was impossible to recognize the site in which she had stood of old." ("History of the Island of Corfu" by Henry Jervis-White Jervis ESQ., page 250.)
27. "General interest was first aroused by a controversy as to the racial derivation of modern Greeks. The war of Independence had won the sympathy of Europe; and it was a rude shock both to Greece and to her champions when Fallmerayer announced that her inhabitants were virtually Slavs. The race of the Hellenes he declared in his 'History of the Morea' was routed out, and Athens was unoccupied from the sixth to the tenth century. Only its literature and a few ruins survived to tell that the Greek people had ever existed. What the Slavs had began the Albanians completed." ("History and Historians in the Nineteenth Century", by G. P. Gooch, 1918, page 491.)
28. "There were few Muslims here; the inhabitants largely of Albanian stock, were only imperfectly assimilated into the Greek nation…" ("Politics in Modern Greece", by Keith R. Legg, page 48.)
"The term 'Greek' differentiates the language spoken by inhabitants of modern Greece from the languages of the surrounding countries; but there is disagreement on what the Greek language was, is, or should be. At the time of independence, the range of local dialects was significant; substantial portions of the population spoke Albanian." ("Politics in Modern Greece", by Keith R. Legg, page 86.)
29. "…followed by violence, recourse was had to arms, and the two elder brothers united against Vely, the offspring of a slave; who being forced to expatriate himself, embraced the perilous profession of those Albanian knights errant, more commonly known by the appellation of kleftes or brigands." ("The Life of Ali Pasha of Jannina, 1823, page 26.)
30. "There is the case of Karamanlides, a predominantly Turkish-speaking Christian Orthodox people, who were forced to go to Greece although they did not necessarily identify 'ethnically' with the Greeks. At the time of the exchange they numbered as many as 400,000." ("Mediating the Nation News, Audiences and the Politics of Identity", Mirca Madianou, page 31.)
31, "Morea…as Fallmerayer traces it back to the Slavic word 'more', the sea which nearly encircles the Morea. The Morea forms the most southern part of the Kingdom of Greece and is divided into the monarchies of Argolis, Corinth, Lakonis, Messenia, Archadia, Achaea and Elis.
Overrun by the Goths and Vandals, it became prey, in the second half of the 8th c. to bands of Slavic invaders who found it wasted by war and pestilence." ("International Cyclopedia a Compendium of Human Knowledge", American Editor-in-Chief Richard Gleason Green, 1890, page 204.)
32. "This point is made in almost all publications on Albanian nationalism (e.g. Skendi 1967 and 1980). In the nineteenth century, the Greek historian Constantinos Paparrigopoulos considered the Albanians a 'race' that could be acculturated into Hellenism. His viewpoint was greatly influenced by the considerable Albanian contribution to the Greek war of independence (1821-1828)." ("Nationalism Globalization and Orthodoxy" by Victor Roudometof, page 156.)
33. "Rhigas of Valentino….author of poems, revolutionary proclamations and a constitution…
In this document he spoke of a sovereign people of the proposed state as including 'without distinction of religion and language – Greeks, Albanians, Vlachs, Armenians, Turks and every other race'." ("Nations and States", by Hugh Seton-Watson, page 113.)
34. "As of 2002 more than 98,000 foreign pupils were enrolled in Greek schools, accounting for almost 9 percent of the overall school population. As regards nationality, 72 percent are from Albania.
Clearly, Albanians are not unknown to Greeks and the new relationships emerging from the contemporary migratory context can be seen as superimposing themselves into a pre-existing trans-Balkan context." ("The New Albanian Migration", edited by Russell King, Nicola Mai and Stephanie Schwandner-Sievers, page 155.)
35 "Next to them in this respect are the modern Greeks, who, for the most part, are of Sclavonian origin, and, where they are not purely Sclavonian, are a cross-breed in which Sclavonian enters very largely." ("The Phrenological Journal and Magazine of Moral Science for the year 1843", Vol. XIV, page 246.)
36. "The modern Greeks are largely of Slavic origin. They are not the descendents of the ancient Greeks. That noble race, greatly mixed with barbarian blood during the middle ages, was almost completely destroyed in the course of the frequent uprisings against Turkish rule. Slavic immigrants gradually repopulated the country." ("The Popular Science Monthly", edited by J. McKeen Cattell", Volume LXXV, July to December 1909, page 591.)
37. "There was little interest as to the nationality of the rayahs while Turkish rule was strong. They were nearly all Christians of the Byzantine type, those in Europe at least, and were hence regarded as one people, for oriental theocracy cannot conceive of nationality apart from religion. They themselves knew the differences in their origins and in such traditions as they had: some were Slavs, some Vlachs and some Albanians…" ("Political Science Quarterly" edited by the faculty of science of Columbia University, Volume twenty-third, 1908, page 307.)
38. "Since the Christian era, as we have said, a successive downpour of foreigners from the north into Greece has ensued. In the sixth century came the Avars and the Slavs, bringing death and disaster. A more potent and lasting influence upon the country was probably produced by the slower and more peaceful infiltration of the Slavs into Thessaly and Epirus from the end of the seventh century onward.
The most important immigration of all is probably that of the Albanians, who, from the thirteenth century until the advent of the Turks incessantly overran the land." ("The Races of Europe a Sociological Study", by William Z. Ripley PhD, 1910, page 408.)
39. "When the Macedonians became rulers of Greece, Athens had twenty-one thousand citizens, ten thousand resident aliens and four-hundred thousand slaves." ("Race or Mongrel", by Alfred P. Schultz, page 86.)
"The resident aliens were mainly Aryan-Hemitic-Semetic-Egyptian-Negroid mongrels." ("Race or Mongrel", by Alfred P. Schultz, page 87.)
"In the course of time the Hellenic blood was corrupted to a still greater extent. In 146 BC the Romans conquered Greece…When Mummius took Corinth…All the men were killed, the women and children were sold into slavery. Later the Goths invaded Greece…laid waste the land, and expelled or exterminated the inhabitants." ("Race or Mongrel", by Alfred P. Schultz, pages 88 and 89.)
"The only difference between modern Greeks and the other Balkanacs lies in the fact that the environment of the modern Greeks is the environment of the Hellenes. The environment, however, has no power whatsoever to change the mongrel into a race, and the Greeks have not been changed by it." ("Race or Mongrel", by Alfred P. Schultz, page 93.)
40. "The ethnographic record certainly shows that Rhigas could have identified as both Vlach and Greek, and even preferred one over another in different circumstances. The Koutsovlach contribution to Greek independence is well attested." ("Modern Greece a Cultural Poetics", by Vangelis Calotychos, page 44.)
"He consequently never traveled to Greece to implement the second part of his plan. Like many Philhellenes and Diaspora figures Rhigas never did set foot in Greece, which was fitting for one whose image of the place bore many characteristics of a European discourse located and produced outside of the Greek mainland." ("Modern Greece a Cultural Poetics", by Vangelis Calotychos, page 47.)
41. "In the last year of the 15th century, and the opening years of the 16th, when the Morea was again the battlefield of the Turks and Venetians, the occupants of the plain of Argos and portions of Attica were practically exterminated, and Albanian colonists began to reoccupy the lands." ("The Customs and Lore of Modern Greece", by Rennell Rodd, 1892, page 17.)
42. "Modern Greece is so flimsy and fragile, that it goes to pieces entirely when confronted with the roughest fragment of the old. But there is very little of it, and if you choose you may see exactly what the Greeks of the 5th century saw, and, the people of Athens are, of course, no more Athenian than I am." ("In Byron's Shadow Modern Greece in the English and American Imagination", by David Roessel, page 163.)
43. "This revival also allowed the Byzantines to re-colonize the Greek mainland. The success of that effort would prove crucial to the survival of Greek culture in future centuries, after the other lands had fallen away. Having overrun nearly all the Greek mainland, the cities, and the islands by the tenth century the Slavs in Greece have been converted to Orthodox Christianity and thoroughly Hellenized." ("Sailing from Byzantium How a Lost Empire Shaped the World", by Colin Wells, page 184.)
44. "The Vlachs, on the contrary, descendents of the Romanized people of the Balkan peninsula, live in considerable numbers in the mountains of northern and central Greece." ("The Scottish Geographical Magazine", volume XIII, 1897, page 370.)
45. "Europe's affinity with ancient Greece left the newborn nation of Greece in an awkward double bind. Identifying ancient Greece as the 'childhood of Europe' Winkelmann gave the patrimony of Greece to western Europe, leaving only more modern sights of heritage to the modern Greeks. Michael Herzfeld suggests that 'the west supported the Greeks on their implicit assumption that the Greeks would reciprocally accept the role of living ancestors of European civilization'." ("Possessors and Possessed", by Wendy M. K. Shaw, page 66.)
46. "It is simply not plausible to suggest that the bulk of Greek speaking Roman citizens in the Middle Ages, let alone the former Turkish subjects of 19th century Greece, 'lived like, ancient Greeks." ("Macedonia and Greece the Struggle to Define a New Balkan Nation", by John Shea, page 95.)
47. "Not less remarkable than the small size of Hellas was the small size of the Hellenes themselves. But it is much more easy to trace the boundaries of the one upon the modern map than it is to trace the blood of the other in the bodies of the modern inhabitants.
We have no accurate record of the proportions of free citizens who alone constituted the true Hellenes, but they were at most a small minority among the large population of helots and slaves." ("The Nineteenth Century a Monthly Review", edited by James Knowles, Vol. VI, July-December 1879, page 932.)
48. "The Albanians of Hydra and Spatsae, many of whom could not even speak Greek, regarded themselves as Greek because their allegiance was with the Orthodox Church." ("That Greece Might Still be Free", by William St. Clair, page 9.)
49. "Here is the ultimate Greek tragedy: that of a country forced to treat everything familiar at the time of the nation-state's foundation as 'foreign' while importing a culture largely invented – or at least – redesigned by German classicists of the late eighteenth early nineteenth centuries. For many decades, and almost without interruption, Greeks were forced to put aside music, art and language that were deemed too tainted by the 'oriental' influences of Ottoman, Arab, Slavic and Albanian culture; to forget the partially Albanian roots of Athens and its environs…" ("The Body Impolitic" by Michael Herzfeld, page 9.)
50. "The philhellenes – the word means 'the admirers of the Greeks' – who began to lobby for Greek freedom were struck by the contrast between the idea of ancient Greek freedom and the servitude of the modern Greeks, who were usually assumed to be direct descendents of Pericles and company. Philhellenes generally moved at a distance from reality: they were concerned only with the myth of Athens and were capable of ignoring anything which tended to tarnish the glamour." ("Athens from Ancient Ideal to Modern City", by Robin Waterfield, page 296.)
Given that the Modern Greeks are NOT the descendents of any "ancient people" as they pretend to be, then how do they justify the invasion, occupation, partition and annexation of Macedonian territories? How do they justify telling the Macedonians what they can and can't call themselves? Why are these imposters and charlatans still being taken seriously? But, as long as we pay attention to them and argue with them, they will continue to argue back and to "pretend" that they are the descendents of the so-called Ancient Greeks.


text:
The official site ofthe Mayor of Londonand the London Assembly
HomePress ReleasesAssemblyKeep the 50 per cent cap on religious free schools
Keep the 50 per cent cap on religious free schools
A 50 per cent cap on religiously selective admissions has been in place for new academies and free schools which select by religion, since 2007. The Government is now proposing to remove the cap.
The London Assembly believes maintaining the 50 per cent cap encourages diversity in London schools.
The Assembly today agreed a motion which asks for the Deputy Mayor for Social Integration, Social Mobility and Community Engagement to examine the effects of the Government's proposals on diversity and calls on the Mayor and Deputy Mayor to lobby the Government on their proposals.
Tom Copley AM, who proposed the motion said:
"During these challenging times it's more important than ever that we do all we can to teach young people about tolerance and diversity. Religious selection causes segregation not just by belief but also by ethnicity and social class. This is the opposite of what we should be seeking to achieve, which is schools that are diverse and welcoming of children from all backgrounds.
Religious selection in schools can be a significant barrier to social integration. I'd urge the Mayor and the Deputy Mayor for Social Integration to put firm pressure on the government to drop these proposals which are completely at odds with their vision for a better integrated London."
The full text of the Motion is:
This Assembly is concerned about the Government's proposals to remove the 50 per cent cap on religiously selective admissions for all religious free schools and the impact this would have on diversity within London's schools.
Since 2007, a 50 per cent cap on religiously selective admissions has been in place for new academies and free schools which select by religion. The Government's proposals intend to remove the 50 per cent rule and in its place, introduce measures that are less likely to increase diversity in faith schools.
The Government's own data shows that religious schools which are 100 per cent selective by faith are less diverse in terms of both race and social class than religious schools where the 50 per cent cap is in place.
This Assembly believes that it is important for schools to serve the local communities in which they are located. The Mayor has released a statement in which he said selection leads to segregation and appointed a Deputy Mayor for Social Integration to help ensure Londoners from different faiths, ethnicities, backgrounds and social classes are better integrated in a city that is the most diverse in the country.
This Assembly calls on the Mayor to make representations to the Government to keep the 50 per cent cap in place.
This Assembly asks for the Deputy Mayor for Social Integration to examine the effects of the Government's proposals on diversity in London and to look at ways in which we can ensure that London's schools are fully inclusive and to lobby the Government on their proposals.
Watch the full webcast.
The motion was agreed by 11 votes for and 4 votes against.
Tom Copley AM, who proposed the motion, is available for interviews. Please see contact details below.
As well as investigating issues that matter to Londoners, the London Assembly acts as a check and a balance on the Mayor.
For media enquiries, please contact Mary Dolan on 020 7983 4603. For out of hours media enquiries, call 020 7983 4000 and ask for the London Assembly duty press officer. Non-media enquiries should be directed to the Public Liaison Unit on 020 7983 4100.
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text:
M-94 (auch: CSP 488) ist die Bezeichnung eines zwischen 1921 und 1943 von der US-Armee eingesetzten kryptographischen Geräts zur Ver- und Entschlüsselung von geheimzuhaltenden Nachrichten. Dabei handelt es sich um einen Chiffrierzylinder (Bild), der aus 25 einzeln drehbaren Zylinderscheiben besteht, die auf einer gemeinsamen Achse in beliebiger Reihenfolge angeordnet werden können. Auf dem Rand der Scheiben befinden sich die 26 Großbuchstaben des lateinischen Alphabets in jeweils anderer "zufällig verwürfelter" Reihenfolge.

Geschichte

Bereits um 1790 entwickelte der spätere Präsident der Vereinigten Staaten Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826) auf Basis der seit Jahrhunderten bekannten Chiffrierscheiben die später nach ihm benannte Jefferson-Walze (Bild). Sie sollte als Hilfsmittel zur Ver- und Entschlüsselung von Botschaften dienen, war ihrer Zeit jedoch weit voraus und wurde nicht genutzt. Fast genau hundert Jahre später, im Jahr 1891, stellte der französische Offizier Étienne Bazeries (1846–1931) seinen "Bazeries-Zylinder" den französischen Militärbehörden vor. Dabei handelte es sich um eine Wiederentdeckung der Jefferson-Walze.

Ohne diese Vorgeschichte zu kennen, hatte der damalige Captain (Hauptmann) und spätere Colonel (Oberst) der US Army, Parker Hitt, im Februar 1912 die gleiche Idee. Durch seinen Kollegen, den damaligen Major (und späteren Generalmajor) Joseph Mauborgne wurde die Ausgestaltung des Zylinders noch verfeinert und schließlich im Jahr 1921 begann die Indienststellung des feldtauglichen Chiffriersystems M-94 beim United States Army Signal Corps, also der Fernmeldetruppe des US-amerikanischen Heeres. Ab 1927 setzte es auch die US Navy ein, hauptsächlich zur Kommunikation mit der Army, und wählte als Namen CSP 488. Auch Militärattachés, wie Marineattachés, sowie die US-Küstenwache verwendeten es ab 1930. Das System wurde von den Amerikanern bis in die Zeit des Zweiten Weltkriegs hinein genutzt, bevor es ab 1943 durch die Rotor-Chiffriermaschine M-209 ersetzt wurde.

Verfahren

Die 25 Zylinderscheiben (Durchmesser 35 mm) werden auf einer 110 mm langen Spindel in vorher mithilfe eines geheimen Schlüssels vereinbarter Reihenfolge angeordnet. In der Regel blieb der Schlüssel und damit die Reihenfolge der Scheiben für einen Tag lang unverändert. Zur Verschlüsselung eines Klartextes wie beispielsweise ATTACKATDAWN, also , dreht man die einzelnen Scheiben von Hand so, dass der Text in einer Zeile zu lesen ist (Bild links). In einer beliebigen anderen Zeile, beispielsweise drei Zeilen darunter, liest man nun den Geheimtext ab, im Beispiel EOLCLEJAQLZH.

Diese Buchstabenfolge wird an den Empfänger der Geheimbotschaft gesendet, der über eine eigene M-94 verfügt und, mit Kenntnis des Tagesschlüssels, auch die korrekte Reihenfolge der Zylinderscheiben benutzen kann. Er dreht nun die einzelnen Scheiben so, dass der Geheimtext in einer beliebigen Zeile nebeneinander steht und schaut danach entlang des Umfangs des Zylinders nach einer passenden Zeile, bei der ihm der Klartext "ins Auge springt". Auf diese Weise ist er in der Lage, die Geheimbotschaft wieder als Klartext zu lesen.

Streifenschieber M-138-A

Ab 1934 gab es über den Chiffrierzylinder M-94 hinaus eine kryptographisch äquivalente Streifenschieber-Version (), die als M-138-A bezeichnet wurde (Bild). Hierbei wurden von hundert verfügbaren Linealen jeweils dreißig benutzt. In dieses Verfahren erzielte 1944 der deutsche Kryptoanalytiker Hans Rohrbach (1903–1993) bei seiner Arbeit in der Chiffrierabteilung des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht (OKW/Chi) einen Einbruch. Kurz darauf wurde es bei der US Army fallengelassen, von anderen Stellen jedoch bis in die 1960er-Jahre verwendet.

Literatur
 Friedrich L. Bauer: Entzifferte Geheimnisse. Methoden und Maximen der Kryptologie. 3., überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. Springer, Berlin u. a. 2000, ISBN 3-540-67931-6.
 Betsy Rohaly Smoot: Parker Hitt's First Cylinder Device and the Genesis of U.S. Army Cylinder and Strip Devices. Cryptologia 39:4, 2015, doi:10.1080/01611194.2014.98837, S. 315–321.
 Fred B. Wrixon: Codes, Chiffren & andere Geheimsprachen. Von den ägyptischen Hieroglyphen bis zur Computerkryptologie. Könemann, Köln 2000, ISBN 3-8290-3888-7, S. 247–248.

Weblinks

 M-94 im Crypto Museum (englisch)
 M-94 bei Jerry Proc (englisch)
 Virtual U.S. Army Cipher Device, Model M-94 (englisch)

Einzelnachweise

Klassische Kryptologie
Kryptologisches Gerät


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text:
Damascus University Celebrates Graduation of 450 Medical Students
Tuesday October 13th, 2015 by Al-Thawra (pro-government newspaper)
Graduation of hundreds of doctors seen as a "great victory for Syria and a message to the whole world that Syria embraces strong cadres," says higher education minister
Damascus University on Sunday celebrated the graduation of 450 students from the Faculty of Medicine at al-Shabab City in Mezzeh neighborhood, Damascus.
Minister of Higher Education Dr. Amer Mardini said that in light of the current circumstances, the graduation of hundreds of doctors, whether from Damascus University or other Syrian universities, is considered a "great victory for Syria and a message to the whole world that Syria embraces strong cadres."
Mardini called upon the graduates to practice their career with excellence and to serve their homeland.
Rector of Damascus University Mohammad Hassan al-Kurdi said many students from different specialties graduate from Damascus University every year, and this embodies the role of the university in defining the real needs of the local and Arab labor markets.