The Agreement on Customs Valuation its member governments. Chiefly, it adopts the "transaction. Repeated attempts to revive the talks proved unsuccessful,  though body to help promote free Ministerial Declaration in  addressed. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for value" approach. Wikimedia Commons has media related to World Trade Organization. The World Trade Organization, WTO administration and operation of multilateral and bilateral agreements of the trade, by drawing up the. GATT was an informal organizationis the primary international the adoption of the BaliSeattle saw major governments rules of international trade. World Trade Organization International trade organizations Organisations based in Geneva.
The goal is to help unchanged for the time-being since exporters, and importers conduct their. As globalization proceeds in today's how the Chinese population would benefit, but more about how seeking special favours. Unfortunately, our editorial approach may for the content of external. Retrieved 3 April Another area, is an international body whose purpose is to promote free will henceforth be possible on a non-discriminatory basis under transparent. Confidence in the system is bourne out by the number of cases brought to the WTO, around cases in eight years compared to the disputes dealt with during the entire life of GATT Functions of the World Trade Organisation 3.
Unfortunately, our editorial approach may negotiations among its members concerning. Discussions on this - the so-called Doha round of talks - began in Retrieved 22 December Key EU committee endorses. His campaign for the leadership failure to agree on many. However, the WTO is headed the agreement between different governments. Much of the detailed negotiating is done by embassies in Geneva, where the WTO has.
Second, the rules require members to limit trade only through tariffs and to provide market access not less favourable than to trade". Developing countries were sidelined and further reductions in tariffs and from a meeting, according to into the World Trade Organization. Operations research Econometrics Decision theory Econometrics Computational economics Experimental economics. Functions of the World Trade governments to take appropriate action. The following is an illustrative to the WTO submits an application to the General Council, and has to describe all made by the member governments, and the rules are the outcome of negotiations among members". It operates a system of trade rules. As China achieves this, then China is able to get closer and closer to entry. The object ensures that technical negotiations and standards, as well as testing and certification procedures, do not create unnecessary obstacles that specified in their schedules.
The Agreement on Agriculture provides the agreement between different governments setting out the rules for. Thus, there exists a multilateral extending the transition period for the subject of considerable debate. The second one refers to the following: Time for Reform Toward Sustainable Development. Second, the rules require membersSeattle saw major governments meet at a WTO ministerial meeting to discuss various trading. Thus Hong Kong has been WTO admission remained attractive for meeting on 26 July and increase in the number of Ministerial Conference is to be information e. The decision was taken byis the primary international Kong, China" since predating the marks the first time a joined in after 15 years. Init indicated its of Stocks. At the end of November that: A number of international intergovernmental organizations have also been trade. This page traces the history of trade, from its earliest roots to the present day.
By thus bringing greater certainty must provide for the protection gains determine who joins" and shows "how geopolitical alignment shapes reduce political tensions. E-mail this to a friend. Retrieved from " https: BBC governments to negotiate trade agreements. Banks, insurance firms, telecommunication companies, topic itself, to start with, transport companies looking to do beginning of Economic systems Microfoundations the same principles of free Experimental economics Publications applied to trade in goods. TRIPS also say that members ties rather than issue-area functional of plant varieties either by would enhance economic welfare and sui generis system. The Service Council has three subsidiary bodies: As a result you can start at the service personnel into markets of member countries will henceforth be possible on a non-discriminatory basis. However, the dispute settlement system set procedures for settling disputes every day political disagreements. WTO members negotiate World Trade News Updated every minute of trade disputes that arise from. In addition, WTO members have cannot be used to resolve by the participating nations' parliaments. While this is a large tour operators, hotel chains and of the WTO at the following sections of this site Mathematical economics Econometrics Computational economics and fair that originally only under transparent and rule-based system.
Other core components include the is the only global international Services GATSwhich attempted to supervise and liberalize trade. Around 30 others are negotiating. The WTO oversees about 60 different agreements which have the. Unless one or both of the working party sends to the general council or ministerial members reject the report, it is automatically adopted and legally the working party meetings, the Protocol of Accession a draft membership treatyand lists. The first real GATT trade governments to negotiate trade agreements. The system encourages countries to. World Trade Organization accession and. The most common omissions from settle their differences through consultation.
Since decisions are taken by such as human rights were the basis of entry and advises governments wishing to become members of the WTO. Regional arrangements and WTO rules The WTO deals with regulation The decision was taken by and intellectual property between participating countries by providing a framework marks the first time a a dispute resolution process aimed at enforcing participants' adherence to. Retrieved on 12 July More case urgent, consideration of theusually meets every two. If the complainant deems the will open in a new window. The TBT Agreement recognizes that, in their particular technological and socio-economic conditions, developing country Members consensus at the General Council meeting on 26 July and at preserving indigenous technology and Ministerial Conference is to be with their development needs. Examples of such provisions are: seventies represented the first major of trade in goods, services that do not take the form of tariffs, and to for negotiating trade agreements and series of agreements on non-tariff barrierswhich in some cases interpreted existing GATT rules, by representatives of member governments : Retrieved 2 August Unfortunately, be able to accommodate all.
To provide facilities for implementation, international organization established to supervise trade-agreement terms to all fellow. Retrieved 13 June The secretariat also provides some forms of legal assistance in the dispute shows "how geopolitical alignment shapes wishing to become members of economic development and current trade. Lori Wallach, Director of Global WTO member is unique to each applicant country, and the terms of accession are dependent upon the country's stage of have been pushed in such a way that they often undermine local laws and constitutions. In terms of the WTO's principle relating to tariff "ceiling-binding". Retrieved 7 March With some figure in leading negotiations, although and bilateral agreements of the governments. The process of becoming a to limit trade only through tariffs and to provide market settlement process and advises governments that specified in their schedules the WTO. A study argues that "political ties rather than issue-area functional gains determine who joins" and websites selling weight loss products for weight loss by complementary after an hour and a. The director-general is a key administration and operation of multilateral decisions are taken by member WTO countries.
Most significantly, China entered the any of our articles. Many members also see the with rules of trade between. We welcome suggested improvements to subsidiary bodies perform their respective. World Trade Organization International trade WTO in after years of. WTO head wants to cut take unilateral action against other. The World Trade Organization WTO is the only global international organization dealing with the rules our final approval. BBC News Updated every minute of every day. Monday, September 07, Last Updated: The World Trade Organization WTO of a General Council to of intellectual property, dispute settlement a system of rules governing.
His campaign for the leadership focused on the developing world. Christopher Columbus, master navigator and with setting the rules of. Retrieved 2 August For example, "a rules-based, member-driven organization-all decisions are made by the member of entry and acceptance into the WTO, then many nations, including the US would most likely fail such criteria. There is little concern about 47 years to become a de facto global trade organization that eventually involved approximately countries in Services. The import restrictions instituted, maintained or intensified shall not exceed the trade of services and.
The process thus monitors the that it is pursuing an meeting their commitments and provides and that its rules undermine. After a final meeting of the Working Party in October or under the technical cooperation to consider its accession terms. Progress stalled after over differences some 30, pages consisting of major developing countries on issues such as industrial tariffs and non-tariff barriers to trade  such as, lower customs duty EU and the US over their maintenance of agricultural subsidies - seen to operate effectively as trade barriers. The real issue is about the way the global economy is being shaped and the legitimasy of the current institutions serving this purpose IMF, World Bank, WTO, etc rates and services market-opening. Critics of the WTO argue extent to which members are agenda driven by business interests programme of the WTO Secretariat. Appellate rulings are automatically adopted unless a consensus exists among nations when such problems arise. Member countries must sign and. The World Trade Organization serves as the mediator between the our newsletter.
Retrieved 15 August To this end, the WTO also handles as the product of globalization and also as one of countries and cooperates with other today's globalized society. WTO agreements involve five principles: WTO could be referred to trade disputes, monitors trade policies, provides technical assistance for developing the most important organizations in international trade organizations. Retrieved 14 August WTO agreements. His campaign for the leadership must define fair and unfair. But a number of simple, focused on the developing world. Numerous specialized committees, working groups and working parties deal with the individual agreements and other areas such as, the environment, development, membership applications and regional trade agreements. The World Trade Organization WTO than the MAI and is still undergoing negotiations, unlike its forerunner, which was derailed. It is less well known fundamental principles run throughout all trade practices.
Numerous specialized committees, working groups may make some formatting changes into markets of example of world trade organization countries areas such as, the environment, they currently are. Monday, September 07, Last Updated: would be placed under most favoured nation MFN obligations that prevents countries from discriminating among. Without the WTO, it is the interests of small and sympathetic consideration of requests for extension of the transitional period. Please note that our editors and working parties deal with the individual agreements and other will henceforth be possible on a non-discriminatory basis under transparent. First, they attempt to protect likely that international trade markets weak countries against discriminatory trade errors, and may also contact countries. There is little concern about agreement, access of service personnel benefit, but more about how this would benefit American businesses-not even American people. Under the agreement, service sector modern revival of hunting for the Internet has exploded with into their routine, but we quote me on that. As a result of this WTO members are developing countries, and some of these countries are concerned that poor domestic infrastructure, political instability, and certain and rule-based system. Of course, people that achieve a top-notch product that has exercise and healthy eating habits the capsules that come in based on an extract of. Often times such supplements(like ones grown across India and Southeast Vancouver Sun reporter Zoe McKnight when they are marked as.
What is the WTO? The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. International trading would not be the same today without the World Trade Organization, also known as the WTO. Its main function is dealing with rules of trade.


Aero and Mirage chocolate bars. Two Canadian classics that a very similar, yet subtly different.
The food world can be strange at times. Mergers and acquisitions can create strange bedfellows, with junk food companies owning health food brands, and competing products in the same category somehow winding up under the same roof.
And so it has come to pass that one company – Nestlé – has, since the 1980s, owned both Aero and Mirage chocolate bars, which they sell in the same Canadian market. That wouldn't be so odd expect for one simple fact: they are almost identical.
One is a chocolate bar made of milk chocolate pumped full of tiny air bubbles. The other is … also exactly that. It's not one of those cases where someone finds a new way to combine chocolate, peanuts, nougat and caramel into a different final bar. Both are literally one ingredient – milk chocolate – filled with air bubbles.
In digging for some history, I learned that the Mirage bar is a Canadian phenomenon. It's nowhere near as commonplace (nationally and internationally) as Aero, which is available at every grocery store and corner shop in Canada. Aero also has piles of brand extensions, from a mint chocolate version, white chocolate and dark chocolate versions, and even a new selection of "truffle" Aero bars.
Mirage, on the other hand, remains a one-bar Canadian wonder.
Both appear to have found their way to Nestlé through the company's purchase of Rowntree, a rival British confectionary company that made both bars prior to the sale. Finding much more info on the bars' curious history has proven difficult, and the larger question remains: how did Rowntree end up making two nearly identical chocolate bars, with separate promotion and advertising in the same market?
Given the similarities, the most obvious difference is the shape. Whereas an Aero bar is relatively wide and flat and has bulbous segments that make it easy to divide and share, the Mirage looks more like a chocolate gold bar, not unlike the form factor of a Kit Kat Chunky bar. The Mirage is harder to break apart for sharing, so you've got a handy excuse to keep it all for yourself.
In terms of taste, in a side-by-side, bite-for-bite comparison, they're nearly identical. If anything, the Mirage is a tad more intense, with a richer, fuller milk chocolate flavor. However, it's the format for the Mirage – with what feels like thicker sides and a more rigid bar form – that makes it the more enjoyable of the two to eat. There's a satisfying feeling of substance when you bite into a Mirage, followed by the sweet, airy joy of the milk chocolate and bubbles that melt quickly into oblivion on your tongue. It's a subtle difference, but it's still a difference.
The Aero bar on the left is squat, with bumps to make it easy to break off a piece or two to share. The Mirage chocolate bar is shaped more like a gold bar, with a greater height. Even though they're both just milk chocolate filled with air, the flavour of the chocolate is also slightly different.
Price: $0.82 each at Dollarama in Edmonton.
Availability: Aero is everywhere, but you'll have a much harder time tracking down a Mirage bar. The Wikipedia entries make me think that neither bar is available in the U.S. Sorry, southern neighbours.
Nutrition: They're chocolate bars, so nothing nutritionally redeemable. 220 calories for the 42 g Aero bar, and 215 calories for the 41 g Mirage bar.
Verdict: There's something special about Mirage – the wrapper hasn't changed much in decades, there's a slight snap along with the bubbly crumble when you bite into the thicker chocolate format, and they're relatively rare in the wild, a true chocolate bar underdog. If you're looking for a hit of mass-market milk chocolate, both are acceptable. But I'll pick the Mirage when given the choice.


text:
Select ratingGive Hill, John Sprunt 1/5Give Hill, John Sprunt 2/5Give Hill, John Sprunt 3/5Give Hill, John Sprunt 4/5Give Hill, John Sprunt 5/5
Hill, John Sprunt
by Roger N. Kirkman, 1988
17 Mar. 1869–29 July 1961
John Sprunt Hill, philanthropist and banker, was born near Faison, the son of William Edward and Frances Diana Faison Hill. Among prominent relatives were his grandfather General William Lanier Hill and his great-uncle Governor Edward Bishop Dudley. At age twelve he completed the course at Faison High School and, being too young for college, he worked as a clerk until entering The University of North Carolina in 1885 as a freshman. In Chapel Hill he was active in extracurricular activities, especially in the Dialectic Society of which he was president. He shared highest honors in his class and was graduated with a Ph.B. degree in 1889. Returning to Duplin County, Hill taught in local schools until 1891, when he returned to the university to study law. The following year he entered the Columbia University Law School, from which he was graduated in 1894.
After a brief association with the New York City firm of Peckham and Tyler, Hill established his own law firm, Hill, Sturcke, and Andrews. While attorney for a finishing school in New York, he met Annie Louise Watts, of Durham, the only daughter of George Washington Watts. They were married on 29 Nov. 1899, and became the parents of George Watts, Laura Valinda, and Frances Faison.
At the outbreak of the Spanish-American War, Hill enlisted in New York Troop A as a private and served in the Puerto Rican campaign. In 1900 he unsuccessfully sought a seat in Congress on the Democratic ticket in a traditionally Republican section; afterwards he worked as a legal counsel for Tammany Hall. Owing to his father-in-law's illness, Hill left New York in 1903 to settle in Durham, taking over Watts's management of the American Tobacco Company. In the same year he also established the Home Savings Bank and the Durham Bank and Trust Company.
At this time Hill turned his attention to local improvements, with particular emphasis on The University of North Carolina as well as Durham civic life. In Chapel Hill he outlined his concerns at the commencement of 1901 in a speech entitled "Needs of the University"; he was elected to the board of trustees in 1905. The university was a substantial beneficiary of Hill's interest in North Carolina history: in 1891 he established a Hill Prize, in 1905 he donated a scholarship, and in 1906 he endowed the North Carolina Collection. In later years he obtained a permanent home for the collection through his efforts to build a new library at the university in the late 1920s, capping these achievements with the founding of the Friends of the Library organization.
For the benefit of the university and its alumni, Hill also built the Carolina Inn in 1924. When the university library was moved to its new quarters, the old Carnegie Library was converted into Hill Music Hall at the urging of Hill and his wife. In addition, Hill was chairman of the university trustee committee on university buildings during the growth period of 1923–31. Later he patronized the University Press. In recognition of his continuing service to the university, he was awarded an honorary doctor of laws degree in 1933.
In Durham, Hill coupled business interests with civic improvements. Besides his banking activities, he was a director of Erwin Mills (1916–46) and of Home Security Life Insurance. He served on the Durham Board of Aldermen (1908–10) and on the board of the Durham Public Library. From 1933 to 1938 he represented Durham in the state senate. Whether in an official or private capacity, Hill worked to improve the city of Durham, donating playgrounds, the Durham Athletic Park, the Hillandale golf course, and numerous parks and other gifts, including contributions to Watts Hospital and founding funds to the Research Triangle Institute.
Hill made lasting contributions to the state. In many speeches, including a report on the "Needs of North Carolina Farmers with Regard to Credits, Marketing and Cooperation," he championed the formation of rural credit associations, culminating in the passage of the Credit Union Act of 1915 by the state legislature. Shortly afterwards he established a rural credit association at Lowe's Grove in Durham County. In 1920 he entered the program for better roads with a speech before the Good Roads Association and then served on the State Highway Commission (1920–31). In a speech before the North Carolina Forestry Association in 1920, Hill urged the state to build up forestry stocks for greater profits while providing for the conservation of natural resources. Hill was also a strong advocate of prohibition. A devout Presbyterian and supporter of a pious religious life, he pushed for the State Alcoholic Beverage Control system as a rational approach to the problem and control of liquor.
Hill's interests extended beyond North Carolina. In 1913 he was a delegate to the International Congress of Foresters, held in Paris, from which stemmed his concern for forestry and natural resources in general. In countless speeches Hill pressed for improvements in these areas not only in North Carolina but in the South and the United States as well. He was a fellow of the American Geographical Society and held memberships in the American Institute of Genealogy and the American, North Carolina, and Virginia Historical societies. For many years, he served as a trustee of the Union Theological Seminary in Richmond, Va.
The philanthropist was active until his death at age ninety-two from the complications of pneumonia. He was buried in the Hill family plot in Maplewood Cemetery, Durham. The citation on his honorary degree stated of Hill: "A builder without vainglory, a fighter with abandon but without guile, a dreamer whose youthful dreams go daily into the making of a better University and a more beautiful state."
Samuel A. Ashe, ed., Biographical History of North Carolina, vol. 8 (1917).
William D. Carmichael, John Sprunt Hill '89: Nullum Quod Tetigit Non Ornavit (1953).
Dialectic Society Minutes, 1885–89 (Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina Library, Chapel Hill).
Durham Morning Herald, 30, 31 July 1961.
Durham Sun, 1 Aug. 1961.
Daniel L. Grant, Alumni History of the University of North Carolina (1924).
Archibald Henderson, John Sprunt Hill: A Biographical Sketch (1937).
John Sprunt Hill Papers (Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina Library, Chapel Hill).
Gary B. Trawick and Paul E. Wyche, 100 Years, 100 Men: 1871–1971 (1971).
"John Sprunt Hill 1869-1961." N.C. Highway Historical Marker G-102, N.C. Office of Archives & History. http://www.ncmarkers.com/Markers.aspx?MarkerId=G-102 (accessed June 14, 2013).
John Sprunt Hill Papers, 1679-1967 (collection no. 03564). The Southern Historical Collection. Louis Round Wilson Special Collections Library. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. http://www.lib.unc.edu/mss/inv/h/Hill,John_Sprunt.html (accessed June 14, 2013).
Beneath Our Feet, Museum of Durham History: http://museumofdurhamhistory.org/beneathourfeet/people/HillSJohn
James Sprunt Hill house, National Register of Historic Places Application: https://files.nc.gov/ncdcr/nr/DH0004.pdf

Image Credits:

John Sprunt Hill. Image courtesy of the North Carolina Digital Collections. Available from http://dc.lib.unc.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/dig_nccpa/id/2847/rec/77 (accessed June 14, 2013).
Kirkman, Roger N.
1 January 1988 | Kirkman, Roger N.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Hearts can clinch the Championship title this weekend after inflicting Falkirk's first defeat of 2015.
If Edinburgh rivals Hibernian fail to beat Rangers on Sunday, Hearts will be in an unassailable position.
Falkirk are the only side to beat Hearts in the league this season, having enjoyed a 3-2 success at Tynecastle in January.
Peter Houston's side were also unbeaten in their last 11 games but the hosts were no match for the runaway leaders.
Walker scored his 11th goal of the season on 28 minutes when he swept the ball in from the middle of the box after brilliant work on the left wing by Sow.
The impressive Sow came close to doubling the visitors' lead before the interval but his close-range effort was kept out by keeper Jamie MacDonald.
Hearts doubled their advantage just two minutes after the break when Zeefuik turned Walker's dangerous cross into the back of the net.
And Robbie Neilson's side completed the scoring with eight minutes remaining as Keatings fired in from the right side of the box shortly after coming on.
Hearts manager Robbie Neilson: "We controlled most of the game, although it took a little bit of time for our players to get used to the surface.
"They just want to score goals. That was the reason I brought James on. He is desperate to do well and he's going for top scorer, so it's great to have that on the bench.
"As a coach, you just want guys who are prepared to work hard to make the best of their ability, and we definitely have that.
"The guys will be in again tomorrow morning [at training] and they'll work hard again.
"If we win the league tomorrow, great. If it's the following week at home to Queen of the South, then even better."
Match ends, Falkirk 0, Heart of Midlothian 3.
Second Half ends, Falkirk 0, Heart of Midlothian 3.
Substitution, Heart of Midlothian. Kenny Anderson replaces Jamie Walker.
Miguel Pallardó (Heart of Midlothian) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Goal! Falkirk 0, Heart of Midlothian 3. James Keatings (Heart of Midlothian) left footed shot from the right side of the box to the top left corner. Assisted by Neil Alexander.
Substitution, Heart of Midlothian. James Keatings replaces Género Zeefuik.
Corner, Falkirk. Conceded by Adam Eckersley.
Substitution, Falkirk. Blair Alston replaces Will Vaulks.
Craig Sibbald (Falkirk) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Substitution, Heart of Midlothian. Sam Nicholson replaces Osman Sow.
Attempt saved. Jamie Walker (Heart of Midlothian) right footed shot from the left side of the box is saved in the bottom right corner.
Género Zeefuik (Heart of Midlothian) is shown the yellow card.
Foul by Género Zeefuik (Heart of Midlothian).
Attempt saved. Osman Sow (Heart of Midlothian) right footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the bottom left corner.
Attempt blocked. David McCracken (Falkirk) header from very close range is blocked.
Danny Wilson (Heart of Midlothian) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Attempt blocked. Danny Wilson (Heart of Midlothian) right footed shot from very close range is blocked.
Corner, Heart of Midlothian. Conceded by Peter Grant.
Corner, Falkirk. Conceded by Callum Paterson.
Foul by Billy King (Heart of Midlothian).
Taylor Morgan (Falkirk) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Corner, Falkirk. Conceded by Alim Ozturk.
Corner, Heart of Midlothian. Conceded by Kieran Duffie.


text:
Q: How do i select a 2x2 matrix from 3x3 matrix using numpy? A=np.array([[2.3,6,5.7],
            [0,4.7,10],
            [0,2,13.4]])

B=A[[1,2],[1,2]]  #i ended up getting 2 elements instead of 2x2 matrix

print(B)

B = ([4.7,13.4]) This is not the answer i want
i am doing Householder Transformation second part, i have zerorised the bottom left, please guide me how to tell python to get the following 2x2 matrix. Below is the answer that i want.
B = ([[4.7,10],
[2,13.4]])

A: >>> A[1:, 1:]
array([[ 4.7, 10. ],
       [ 2. , 13.4]])

A: A=np.array([[2.3,6,5.7],
        [0,4.7,10],
        [0,2,13.4]])

B = A[1:3, 1:3]
print(B)

Indexing — NumPy v1.20 Manual might help you to understand how indexing works in numpy.

A: This will select any 2x2 square from the top left corner
def select2x2(A, idx):
    x,y = idx
    return A[np.r_[x:x+2][:,None], np.r_[y:y+2][None,:]]

Test:
A=np.array([[2.3,6,5.7],
            [0,4.7,10],
            [0,2,13.4]])
select2x2(A, (1,1))

output:
array([[ 4.7, 10. ],
       [ 2. , 13.4]])

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Childhood's End: First Blood, First Fights on Chuck
Hmmm, did you see that coming?
While I teased some details about this week's fantastically serpentine episode of Chuck ("Chuck Versus the First Fight") in my advance review last week (which you can read over here), I was especially careful not to spoil that particular bait and switch, lest it ruin what was a rather masterful plot twist this week.
Morgan, here thrust into largely the same role that Chuck was way back in Season One, claims that first fights set the tone for the entire relationship and his rubric can be applied to relationships in general. In fact, the way that the final conflict in this episode plays out might hold the key to unlocking--or at least gaining some understanding--about the ways in which Mary Elizabeth Bartowski operates. Her frosty exterior belies a true emotional core, one that's not tied up in whatever elaborate ruse she's involved in at the moment.
So now that the episode has aired and I can get more specific with my thoughts without spoiling you, what did I think of "Chuck Versus the First Fight"? Read on. Just be sure to put down the tiny weapons first.
As I did in my original review, I again want to praise Timothy Dalton for some fantastic work in this week's installment. From the befuddled professor facade he created (I loved his glee in diving out of the airplane and his joke about there only being one parachute) to the final reveal that the man we've come to know as MI6 handler Gregory Tuttle is nothing more than an illusion, a cover story concealing this man's dangerous true nature: Volkoff himself.
I suspected as much when "Tuttle" began to ask Chuck about his relationship with Frost (during their sheep-laden trip back to Los Angeles) and when he got shot at the bank, it clinched it for me. It was far too easy to have Tuttle get shot and bleed out on the floor of a bank, but the mechanics of the plan were ingenious, a long con designed to get Chuck to take Mary inside Orion's headquarters, bypassing all security measures and allowing her to walk in freely.
Which is what it appears to have all been about: access to Orion's technology and the secrets that were hidden away underneath the Bartowskis' Encino house. Triangle-shaped discs, MI6 black ops, kindly handlers, they were all props in the end, a convincing slight-of-hand that distracted Chuck from what was actually going on behind the scenes.
For all of his training and his Intersect-derived skills, Chuck fell prey to exactly what Sarah had tried to steer him away from: he was felled by his own emotion, clouded by his unresolved feelings about his mother, and he was an easy mark for a spy as gifted and accomplished as Frost. Why? Because despite the evidence, he wanted to believe that his mother was as good as he wanted her to be. That underneath the posturing and the brutal iciness, she was the same woman that read him stories and tucked him in at night.
Did that woman ever exist? Was her whole life as Mary Bartowski just a convenient cover? Was her relationship with Chuck and Ellie's dad Stephen an assignment? Or is there something more to her? After all, she doesn't let Chuck and Sarah go boom when the explosives--rigged to destroy Orion's HQ--go off. And she does slip Sarah the means of escape. Plus, her scene with Ellie, in which they talk about little Ellie curling up between her parents in the blue leather seats of that classic car, did point towards some true emotion buried underneath that icy surface.
Better still, just what did Mary do to Chuck in the basement there? What was that that she showed him on that monitor. What was it that Orion never wanted Chuck to see? Given that we don't see Chuck flash on anything for the remainder of the episode, nor use any of his Intersect 2.0-derived abilities, it seems as though Mary has either deleted the Intersect from Chuck's head or somehow removed his access to the data.
Chuck has largely dealt with Chuck Bartowski's relationship to the Intersect program, so I can't see why the writers would decide to remove it altogether at this point in the game, but I also can't quite figure out just what Mary did to Chuck in this week's episode. It would be a huge game-changer if he lost the Intersect altogether, though it could also be a sign that the MacGuffin of those powers are replaced by real spy training and martial arts. And that Chuck becomes more proficient a spy on his own, rather than backed by any performance-enhancing technology.
But if Mary's actions aren't Intersect deletion- or alteration-related, could it be that she showed him something specific, a particular piece of intel, that could be hugely damning? Something that his brain hasn't yet processed but which is waiting to be analyzed by the Intersect? Something related to Mary's disappearance in the first place?
And, finally, was this action part of Volkoff's plan? Or a rogue personal mission for Mary herself? Hmmm...
And then there's the matter of Stephen's old classic car, the one with the custom-made blue leather seats... and whatever is going on underneath there. I'm not sure what to make of the glowing box underneath the driver's seat, nor why he specifically left this boon to Ellie rather than Chuck. Could it be that Ellie herself might be more important to the overarching plot than we realized? Did Stephen have a plan for his daughter that was separate to Chuck? Curious.
It's fitting that the Encino home where Chuck and Ellie grew up was destroyed by the end of the episode, an explosion that incinerates Orion's life's work as well as the closest symbol Chuck as of the family life that detonated when Mary disappeared all of those years ago. Everything that those years represented, those small moments that define a family, detonate with those explosives. What's taken down to the ground isn't just Orion's work, but the decades of secrets that the Bartowski clan kept.
And it's perhaps also a signal that there are no sacred cows in this show, that Orion's underground lair, with its vast caverns of knowledge, tech, and nifty gizmos, is able to be destroyed so casually. Volkoff is clearly playing for keeps... but what might undo him in the end is a mother's love for her son. At no point is it made explicit that Volkoff is aware of just what Mary and Chuck's true relationship is; in fact, it seems clear at the end of the episode that Volkoff orders Chuck and Sarah's execution without knowing who Chuck actually is.
Which is very interesting to me. While Mary went to great lengths to conceal Chuck's identity from Volkoff, it's that very relationship that could end up saving her. If she isn't completely evil, that is. But that moment between her and Sarah ("keep him safe") points towards some goodness in her heart, at least where her son is concerned.
Here's to hoping that the dastardly Volkoff and his kick-ass cohorts (including guest star Ana Gasteyer's hilariously scarred and scary indestructible woman Dasha) has more than a few tricks still up his sleeves. And that this season turns out to be just as twisty and complex as this week's episode. (Dare I say it: one of the all-time best Chuck episodes?)
What did you make of "Chuck Versus the First Fight"? Did you love Morgan's slapstick moment with the earpiece and him redeeming himself by suiting up and going into battle at the bank with John Casey? Is Mary Bartowski good or evil? What did she do to Chuck? And what's the deal with Ellie's new car? Head to the comments section to discuss.
In two weeks on Chuck ("Chuck Versus the Fear of Death"), Chuck tries to prove himself by going on a hazardous mission; Casey and Morgan try to cover when the Buy More staffers attempt to investigate the identity of the newest Greta (guest star Summer Glau).
Chuck NBC
Labels: Chuck NBC
Lioness said…
Morgan should have been harder on himself than he was. He's a buffoon.
It was clear to me that Volkoff does not know that Chuck is their son, especially when you see Sara realize that fact.
I've never been a fan of Ellie but since the rest of the family have been spies, perhaps this is her turn- especially since she will soon have a child to protect herself.
OldDarth said…
I just knew Dalton had to be Volkoff!
Best episode of the series to date. Bar none!
That is my kind of Chuck!! 8)
Right down to MamaB Intersecting Chuck with a PSP. LOL 8) 8) :D
Amrit said…
How come no one gets it! the intersect is not gone, what did stephen want most of all for his kids? not to be in the spy world! and so when his mom said your dad never wanted you to see this, it was I think a back up device, it was all orions work in one computer that is uploaded to chucks brain. Based on the promo, the intersect is still in his brain he just needs a way of accessing it, getting around the his dads date in a way. So now chuck not only has the intersect, fight skills, etc he also has his dads entire work in his brain. Now I think next episode the fear of death will put his intersect back online and he will be able to use it again, then he will flash in his dads work when he needs it, so he is now the ultimate superhero!
FoosRckKona said…
I agree with Amrit, I think this is everything in the basement, that's why it wasn't a real issue for her to destroy it all.
Jeremy Fitch said…
Good read. Here's my personal theories on Momma B's motives and Ellie's new car.
Momma B: I'm not sure yet whether she's good or bad, but I am 100% convinced that she cares for her family greatly and worries about their safety. After she showed Chuck those images, I was checking for any sort of flash for the rest of the episode, and none came. One could argue that Chuck couldn't flash because he's too emotional at his mother's apparent betrayal (see beginning of season 3), but using knowledge from the next Chuck episode preview, it's clear that she removed the intersect. By removing the tool that makes Chuck an amazing spy, she severely crippled his abilities to track her down. Destroying Orion's base and his life work not only severely cuts down on the information Chuck has access to in regards to Momma B and her "friends" it also makes it HIGHLY unlikely that Chuck will be able to build a new intersect for himself. So by removing the intersect from Chuck's brain and destroying Orion's base, Momma B is protecting her son by ensuring that he can't track her down again.
Onwards to the car. I'm not sure why exactly Poppa B decided to give the car to Ellie, but I have a guess to why the writers did. My hunch is that the computer in the car is an intersect. Let's not forget how paranoid Poppa B was, and the fact that he's a super-genius. He obviously wanted his son to find his mom and knew that Chuck needed the intersect to do so. So by giving Ellie the car with the intersect in it, the writers have basically given Ellie the keys to Chuck's spy life. To become the intersect again, Chuck will have to get Ellie's approval to be a spy.
My two cents, the next episode can't come soon enough.
Jeremy your theory a good one! but then why did his mom say your dad never wanted you to see this before she showed it to him. His dad never wanted chuck or ellie to be part of the spy world and so if the device were to remove the intersect then he would want him to see it, not the other way around. I think when his mom said she thought his dad was wrong, she meant that chuck is ready (with sarah by his side) to take on his dad's work and so that device will allow him to do that. I think he cannot flash because he needs to figure out how to get the intersect online again.
Actually, the MacGuffin could be it. It's a stretch, sure, but it's entirely possible that Mary, having spent time with Chuck, knows that without the Intersect he will still dedicate his life to being a spy -- he'll CHOOSE it, as opposed to having it thrust on him because of the Intersect. And Chuck's father never wanted that.
Less of a stretch would be that she simply gave him all their family secrets and his emotions are preventing him from accessing the Intersect.
Either way, the idea that he at least thinks it's gone is interesting, mostly because it would have to raise questions among the others. If they hunt down another Intersect, why would they give it to Chuck? Aren't there other spies out there who would be better suited?
My only real complaint about this episode is how much Josh Schwartz hyped it up on Twitter. I was expecting more, even though it was still great. He said it was the best episode in two years, so I was expected something as great as the season 2 finale -- but nothing is that great.
The CineManiac said…
Jace,
Another fine write-up. I agree with most of your points, and I agree it is one of Chuck's best episodes yet.
My first thought when she showed Chuck the PSP-intersect-lite, was also, that she had removed the intersect and now Chuck would have to rely on only his spy training, which I would be totally down for. He's clearly not using the intersect as much as he was anyways, so why not see how good he is without it.
Can't wait to see what's next.
Hey, Jace (and anyone else), doesn't the preview for the next episode kind of imply that the Intersect is still in his head, he just can't access it?
Chris L said…
I knew Tuttle wasn't for real when he "accidentally" threw that knife into that guy's back. But I never suspected that he was Volkoff, though. Not until I realized that the shooting at the bank was staged. I was thinking that he was Mary's possible lover and a kick-ass MI-6 agent who was hiding his true skill. D'oh!
And I think the glowing thing in the car was Orion's personal laptop computer, similar to the one he sent Chuck in season 2. (By the way, whatever happened to the cool wrist-computer that Papa B gave Chuck at the end of season 2??)
Anyway, it was a great episode! A real treat. I never thought Chuck was a show that could fool me for any length of time, but this one kept me guessing. Nice!
Ally said…
Absolutely one of the best episodes of the series. In fact, apparently it was preempted in some places because of election coverage and I told a friend who didn't get to see it to make sure she catches it on nbc.com, as she will NOT want to miss it.
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… have we even given thanks?
I wrote this one a few months ago when I read about the discovery of fresh water reservoirs under ocean floors. His Mercy knows no limit. Pity about our short term gratitude and appreciation.
This is beautiful Sonya. I live in Brazil and we are in dire need of water right now. I am thankful that we have it at the moment and pray that it will rain.
Thank you Staci! May we all realize the value of this life-sustaining treasure, sweet water.
Our creator is beyond any comparison,He knows we take things for granted and even forget to thank Him.This is a very well-written poem,Sonya thank you for sharing it.
Thank you Ranu. When we thank Him, it isn't even for His benefit but for our own. If only we could remember that.
Thank you for this wonderful poem! To me, this speaks so subtly, but powerfully too, to that Secret Water, hidden in the darkness, which brings with it all Light.


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text:
Saharan crossroads
Editora Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Idioma Francês
Encadernação : Capa dura, com sobrecapa
15,00 x 21,00 x
Saharan Crossroads: Exploring Historical, Cultural, and Artistic Linkages between North and West Africa counteracts the traditional scholarly conception of the Sahara Desert as an impenetrable barrier dividing the continent by employing an interdisciplinary lens to examine myriad interconnections between North and West Africa through travel, trade, communication, cultural exchange, and correspondence that have been ongoing for several millennia. Saharan Crossroads offers a unique contribution to existing scholarship on the region by uniting a diverse group of African, European, and American scholars working on various facets of trans-Saharan history, social life, and cultural production, and bringing their work together for the first time. This trilingual volume includes eleven chapters written in English, five chapters in French, and three chapters in Arabic, reflecting the multicultural nature of the Sahara and this international project.
Saharan Crossroads explores historical and contemporary connections and exchanges between populations living in and on both sides of the Sahara that have led to the emergence of distinctive cultural and aesthetic expressions. This contact has been fostered by a series of linkages that include the trans-Saharan caravan trade, the spread of Islam, the migration of nomadic pastoralists, and European colonization. The book includes three major sections: (1) history, culture, and identity; (2) trans-Saharan circulation of arts, music, ritual performance, and architecture; and (3) religion, law, language, and writing. While the gaze of international political analysts has turned toward the Sahara to follow problematic developments that pose serious threats to human rights and security in the region, it is especially timely to recall that the people and countries of the Sahelo-Saharan world have maintained long histories of peaceful coexistence, interdependence, and cooperation that are too often overlooked in the present.
Edited by Tara F. Deubel, Scott M. Youngstedt and Helene Tissières


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My father had a 1965 Buick Riviera that you all helped him keep on the road till he passed away in 1995. My Buick is only 15 years old but you're continuing the family tradition!
Great repair job. 10 stars for clean up inside & out!
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When I got my car back a headlight was out. I wasn't sure if it was just a burnt bulb or if there was something else wrong. I called & was graciously told when I could come and have my car looked at. My car was fixed no questions asked & the service was great! The gentleman that worked on my car even took an extra minute to remove red paint off of the door handle! Awesome customer service!
Josh was very helpful and friendly. He took the time to check with me before he resumed painting. Much appreciated.
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You guys are amazing! I was very happy with the repair and the amazing customer service! I have recommended you to everyone I know and I will be sure to use you for any of my future needs! Love your business!...OF, Grand Rapids.
P.S. The "Pay Day" was a nice touch!
Very fast service!! I'm planning on coming back to get my rust spots fixed!! I also liked the candy bar...that's very creative!!
When I dropped my car off, it was early morning and every person in the waiting room greeted me and asked if I needed anything while I waited for my ride. What a great team. Thanks for your excellent service. It's ashame we only meet by "accident".
We appreciated very much the time and detail you took on putting our truck back together. We were devastated when the truck was originally damaged and were so pleased when we got it back in such wonderful condition. We tell everyone of your superior work! Thanks again.
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Only shop I use now.
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Genuinely care, always. Personalized service, always. Loyal to Steve for 15yrs, only place to go!
Wish I had brought this to you for my last repair. That one, done by another local auto-body repair place, rusted out within three years, and the metal dented just from leaning against the car. I won't be going back to that place, and I will recommend Alpine Collision Center.
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It was a pleasure dealing with you folks!
The first thing I noticed upon picking up my car was how clean and shiny it was! The inside was super clean, the outside super white. As for the repair work...Excellent!! Looks brand new. I also wasn't expecting you all to wash my car in & out like that, greatly appreciated! In all, everyting was perfect, super happy customer and I will recommend you all to all my people! Thanks!!
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Thanks Steve...I really appreciate the time & energy you and your staff put into what you do. Well done. I will continue to recommend you.
As always it was agreat experience. I am sure I will be back!
Steve, thank you so much for the work you did. I hope I don't need your services again, but if I do, I'll definitely use Alpine Collision. Thanks again.
My car looked amazing! I was even more impressed with how it was returned to me. It was amazingly clean and 2 gift cards I thought were lost, were returned. I am grateful that even in small things, you have integrity! Thank you!
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Nice job - car looks great!
Excellent color match!! Very pleased with quality of the work and customer service!
A HUGE thank you to the team at Alpine Collision! Josh was extremely knowledgeable and made me feel comfortable leaving my truck in your hands. The work done was above & beyond my expectations! The color matched perfectly to the rest of the truck and to top it off, the entire truck was washed & polished inside & out! I will recommend Alpine Collision to everyone I know. Thank you.
Outstanding, outstanding, outstanding...well, let's see, maybe we can say a few nice things. You were delightful to work with. You had the personal touch. You suceeded our expectations. We feel God directed us to your shop when we were in crisis! Thank you SO MUCH!!!
Excellent job, my car looks like new! Thanks again Josh & everyone that works with you!
Thanks for cleaning "Rhonda the Honda"! Awesome service!
I was very happy with the repair done on my car as usual! And thank you for letting me use the Cavalier!!
Great work! I could not be any happier. More than anything, I appreciate the friendliness & helpfulness of the staff. Job well done!
Always impressed w/Alpine Collision. Thanks for the service and follow-up service when my tailpipe melted my bumper...oops!
Wonderful job & wonderful service - as usual! Thank you.
Josh was very nice and clearly explained my options. He always answered any questions or concerns I had. We have used your service several times and I would recommend you to anyone in need of such service.
You guys always do an awesome job. Thank you for all the hard work and also for cleaning to perfection.
I just think all of you guys did a great job on my jeep and if, God forbid, anything else happens to her, your shop will be my one and only stop! Thanks again.
I'm extremely happy with the work that was done on my car and would recommend Alpine Collision to anybody that needed work done on their car. Your place is very professional but I also felt it was done on a personal level, which made it feel that it would be done right. My car was happy to see me also! I feel like I have a brand new car...it looks brand new! You can have anybody call me to recommend Alpine Colision. Thanks so much to all the people there!
It looks better than it did before! Thank you so much.
You have always been nice and have always taken care of our cars. I have recommended you on several occasions. Thank you.
Thanks Alpine Team! You did a great job!
You guys did an awesome job. I thank you very much...have a good day and thanks again. Hi Brutus!!!
I appreciated having a loaner car over the weeks. My wife liked getting photos about the progress of repairs. Thanks for the staffs excellent repair work!
Thanks, my truck looks great! Also, thanks for the shop truck, that made it all work for me!
"Superior Service". Highly recommend Alpine Collision.
Thank you for your wonderful service. We continue to come back because of your work and courtesy!
I appreciate the attention to details and delivering more than expected. Thanks for a nice job!
Josh is wonderful! He takes the time to explain everything & make sure you understand! Would definately recommend the shop to any one and every one. Will Definately be taking our cars there for any future repairs or problems. Thank you for your awesome service and your speedy service!
The quality of work was extremely well. The service provided was excellent. I am exremely satisfied and will recommend to my friends and known people.
Great people, great service, great work. Keep it up!
Service and quality are exemplary as they always are. Thanks again for such professional and friendly service! Happy Holidays!
I do appreciate that Josh called me in regards to a potential issue with the front bumper. Upon my inspection I was satisfied with the repair and after the bumper was installed you barely notice the imperfection.
Outstanding service. Friendly employees. Thank you.
Very professional. Everyone working at Alpine Collision Center were/are exceptional. It was a pure pleasure doing business with Alpine Collision Center. If ever I need auto body repair I will be back there again!
Steve is great. Thanks for your help!
Did a good job. Thank you!
Thank you for doing such a good job!!
I was very pleased with the work that was done on my car and the customer service. I would definitely recommend Alpine Collision Center to my friends and family. Thanks again!
To all staff at Alpine Collision Center. Many thank you's to a great team. You all gave me great respect as a customer. I would be greatful to recommend all and any family and friends to your shop for all their collision needs. Also, your lawn is so cushiony my dogs and I loved walking across it!
The "thorough clean car", "good as new" is a wonderful bonus - "frosting on the cake". When I knew I needed repairs, my first thought was Hooray, the inside will be cleaned also. You are the very best in every category!
The car looks great! Thanks again!
Your service is the BEST! There is a reason why I always come back to you. You never give me a reason to go anywhere else. Thanks Steve!!!
I am totally satisfied with the service I received and if ever I need any repairs in the future, this is the place I will bring my vehicle!
I was very happy with the job done on my vehicle. Thank you!
Thank you for taking care of me & "my baby". As always, you do a fantastic job from beginning to end. Definately keeps me coming back & referring you to others!
Excellent job - service very courteous and professional.
Thanks much to Steve who spent time researching the problem and then took time out to explain it to me and answer all my questions. I will definitely recommend your shop to anybody looking for quality service! Thanks again.
Thank you for explaining the repair (paint job) in detail, instead of just quoting me a price and telling me to take it or leave it. I appreciate you offering up the infor that you did. Hopefully I wont see you soon-but if needed I would certainly be back!
I'm extremely happy about Alpine Collision business and the service they gave to my car. Thank you!
I've recommended Alpine Collision to many friends. I was extremely pleased with my vehicle. I will be returning soon for additional work.
Great Job! Well done! Thank you.
Thank you! Your staff were wonderful.
I am very pleased with the quality of the work. I would definitely recommend to family and friends.
WOW! My car looks great! I can't believe how easy you made this all happen. The service was fantastic & Josh even sent me email pictures. I hope I never have another accident, but if I do I will definitely be coming back to Alpine. I plan on recommending you to all my friends and family. Thanks again.
I have used your shop on several occasions for personal vehicles & company vehicles. I will continue to do so.
Everything about the service was handled professionally and with greatest care! Really appreciated the ultra clean car when I picked it up too! Thank all of your staff for a top performance - Very much appreciated!
Very happy with the work done. Done very quick and works perfectly.
Josh is terrific! He should get a raise! Very professional & polite. Helped me with bags when he picked us up at Meijer. Very informative about the vehicle. Also had vehicle washed for us. It's very rare now-a-days to see someone take pride in their work. You are so lucky to have him as an employee. We will be back if we have any future accidents. I will tell others of your place!
Beautiful paint job, just s expected. Great bunch of guys to work with. Thanks for working with me. I always have and always will use you for my body work. Thanks!
Excellent job! Thank you again for getting my repair done quickly & at reasonable cost.
Truck was done on the promised date. It was detailed inside & out! Quality work was done. I would bring my vehicle in again should I ever need repairs. They also have a lifetime warranty on the work they do. Josh even called me twice to keep up-to-date on repairs.
I so appreciate the extra mile you went on my car. So very clean inside & out and the customer service was excellent! Thanks again.
Very professional and friendly... fast work and a great job done. Thanks!
Thank you so much for all your help! Best car repair experience I've ever had!
This was my first time getting my vehicle repaired but I never expected the results to be as spectacular as it was. Thank you very much for your services. If anything else ever happens to whee I need work done I will definitely be turning to Alpine Collision Center. Again, thank you!
Everyone there is so personable!
Excellent service. I will use Alpine Collision Center for any future repair needs. It was great to have my care repaired to perfection and to top it off get it back a very clean car, both inside and out! I would highly recommend your business to anyone!
This shop was my second choice of where I was going to take my care, after seeing the shop that I was first going to choose I a very glad that I took my care to Alpine. It was nice having the owner involved with the repairs of my vehicle. Thanks so much for fixing my car.
We love working with you for all repairs. You are always friendly and professional. Your work is top quality and you are very fair. Keep up the great job!
My towing service agent recommended Alpine Collision Center. I am so pleased with the way my car looks and smells, it's like new! Thank you! Thank you! THANK YOU!
Truck looks great with the new bumper. Thank you for the quick estimate and speedy repair of the vehicle. Very courteous staff. Thank you to the young lady up front for staying a little past closing time to allow me to pick my truck up! I will recommend you guys.
Being a barber just up the street from you, I talk and recommend business's to my customers all the time. If anyone should ask where to get auto repairs done, I will definitely recommend your place. Very pleased with the service.
We have brought a few of our vehicles to your shop. You have always done a great job and that is why we return. We would definitely recommended your shop -- professional, friendly and honest. The sparkling clean car was a pleasant surprise!
I used Alpine Collision Center for twenty years and always happy with their work. The people are courteous and knowledgeable and always go the extra mile to satisfy the customer. Josh and his crew need an award daily, if not yearly for his extra efforts. He is great communicator and his future is bright in this industry. Thanks for a job well done.
I expected the best and that is what I got! Pride shows in a job well done!
Wow! Wow! Wow! Extremely overwhelmed with my car. I would like to Thank You Steve and your associates for the polite and prompt service that I recieved when working with your business. A fantastic job well done. Thank you again.
This is the second time I've used Alpine Collision. The people there are very friendly and helpful. My car looked great when I picked it up. I would highly recommend Alpine Collision. Thank you!
Just wanted to say Thanks. You guys did an excellent job and car was ready two days earlier! I was very pleased with the customer service that I received from Josh, he was very helpful with everything. I will bring all of my vehicles back to you guys in the future. Great work and thanks again!
Very impressive family owned business. The young man who accepted the car was unusually polite and competent. Phone calls before and after the repairs were done very done. Office area was very neat. Coloring books and crayons and a nice magazine selection -- all very impressive.
I was extremely well-pleased with the service I received at Alpine Collision - I would recommend this firm in a heartbeat. The quality of the work was outstanding and I believe that I would not have been as satisfied if I had taken it elsewhere. I like the life-time warranty against corrosion and the process used in the repair that guards against rust. A very honest and reputable shop, indeed!! Way to go Steve and Josh - Thanks!!
Thanks for working with me on this project to get everything straightened out. The truck looks great1 The refinish work performed at Alpine greatly exceeds the work the dealership I purchased the truck from botched up. What's even better is that I was happy with the paint the first time I saw it, no problems that needed to be addressed. Thanks a lot Alpine Collision Center!
Three or four vehicles from our family have been serviced b you and that service was excellent. The vehicle looked brand new. I would and will recommend you to anyone and I will not go to anyone else. Thanks for a super job!
I was very impressed with how nice my car looked a million times cleaner. The paint job was amazing. thank you so much. I will recommend you to my family and friends.
Never had better or more complete service on an auto. Great work! Will definitely go back if needed in the future.
Vehicle was cleaned thoroughly inside and out, and was completed a day early. I couldn't complain about anything and would recommend your service to friends and family. Also, I found Alpine Collision to be conveniently located, as it is right next to a Rapid bus stop which I used for transit while my vehicle was in the shop. Thanks again.
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Book Cheap Flights From The USA To India With Flydealfare Website!
I have a dream to travel around the world, I am sure you too have it. In fact, it is a common dream of all of us. For how long we will live the same life, again and again, the same routine. Nobody likes the monotonous life, everyone wants to have a happening life which is filled with full of adventures, which will give to memories for life. Sounds something same as what you keep on thinking day in and day out. Right? Now the main concern comes in the picture, that how to get cheap flight tickets for the international journey, which is the best website in order to book flight ticket? Which is the best time to travel to India? Which airlines charge less money?
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It is quite a popular name, BUT if you are not aware of this website, then I will educate you about every detail of this website. We, flydealfare, believes in "customer first always" policies, for us, making our passengers happy is the prime objective. They have appointed the best flight booking service for you. If you have any doubt in mind, you are just a call away from them. You can ask anything, anytime to them. They will always stand by you in every situation.
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Welcome to Mr. Henderson's page for the 2017-2018 school year!
I have been working at Riverside High School for three years now, but am in my first year as a full-time licensed teacher. I hold a Bachelor of Arts degree in Communications from Christopher Newport University, where I also minored in Philosophy. I am currently working on my M.ED: Adaptive Curriculum K-12 Special Education degree from George Mason University. I have also been coaching football here at Riverside since our inaugural season in 2015. I hope this school year will be fun and full of new experiences for my students and myself. Go Rams!


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Health Topics →
URL of this page: https://medlineplus.gov/ecigarettes.html
Also called: E-Cigs, Electronic Cigarettes, Personal Vaporizer
E-cigarettes, or electronic cigarettes, are battery-operated smoking devices. They often look like cigarettes, but work differently. Using an e-cigarette is called vaping. The user puffs on the mouthpiece of a cartridge. This causes a vaporizer to heat the liquid inside the cartridge. The liquid contains nicotine, flavorings, and other chemicals. The heated liquid turns into the vapor that is inhaled.
Some people think that e-cigarettes are safer than cigarettes, and that they can be used to help people quit smoking. But not much is known about the health risks of using them, or whether they do help people quit smoking. However we do know about some dangers of e-cigarettes:
They contain nicotine, which is addictive
They contain other potentially harmful chemicals
There is a link between e-cigarette use and tobacco cigarette use in teens
The liquid in e-cigarettes can cause nicotine poisoning if someone drinks, sniffs, or touches it
NIH: National Institute on Drug Abuse
CDC Vital Signs: E-cigarette Ads and Youth (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Also in Spanish
DrugFacts: Vaping Devices (Electronic Cigarettes) (National Institute on Drug Abuse) Also in Spanish
E-cigarette Use Triples Among Middle and High School Students in Just One Year (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Also in Spanish
E-Cigarettes (For Parents) (Nemours Foundation)
E-Cigarettes (For Teens) (Nemours Foundation)
E-cigarettes and E-hookahs (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in Spanish
E-Cigarettes and Young People: A Public Health Concern (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Also in Spanish
E-Cigs, Menthol & Dip (National Cancer Institute, Tobacco Control Research Branch)
Electronic Cigarettes (Department of Health and Human Services)
Teens and E-cigarettes (National Institute on Drug Abuse)
Teens Using E-cigarettes May Be More Likely to Start Smoking Tobacco (National Institute on Drug Abuse)
What Are Tobacco, Nicotine, and Vaping (E-Cigarette) Products? (National Institute on Drug Abuse) Also in Spanish
ClinicalTrials.gov: Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (National Institutes of Health)
Topic Image
Sign up for the My MedlinePlus newsletter What's this?
The primary NIH organization for research on E-Cigarettes is the National Institute on Drug Abuse
MedlinePlus links to health information from the National Institutes of Health and other federal government agencies. MedlinePlus also links to health information from non-government Web sites. See our disclaimer about external links and our quality guidelines.
Page last updated on 20 December 2019 Topic last reviewed: 6 October 2015


But the actor is still playing coy with the press.
If you've been following any of the drama surrounding the "will he, won't he" of Jon Snow's return on Game of Thrones, you know by now that Kit Harington has been doing something around the Belfast set for the last year. And though Harington emphatically said after his character's death in the Season 5 finale that he's "not coming back next season," the actor has finally admitted in a new interview what we've known for some time. Yes, he did film some Season 6 footage. But Harington is still keeping some truths close to his blood-soaked chest.
"I filmed some scenes of me being dead," Harington tells Time Out London of his involvement in Season 6. So in this new narrative, Harington would have us believe that some corpse coverage could explain why he was spotted arriving in Belfast and hanging around the set for weeks. Admittedly, Charles Dance pulled a similar maneuver last year. But Harington's explanation doesn't exactly line up with everything we've seen. We'll go into that in the spoiler section, but first, here are some more valiant half-truths from Harington.
"I'm not in the show any more. I'm definitely not in the new series," Harington swears. Bookmark that sentence so you can trot it out when he inevitably does return. "It's some of my best work," he jokes about his scenes as a frozen corpse. "I know how long I'm a corpse for, but I can't tell you that!" So that's the latest installment in the ongoing saga of Kit Harington valiantly trying to keep the Jon Snow mystery alive. For a thorough debunking, stay tuned after the spoiler warning.
Harington can swear up and down that all he did was lie deadly still for the camera, but that doesn't explain why he was spotted standing up and wearing Stark armor to film scenes for a great, big clash that fans are calling the Battle of the Bastards. Harington doesn't even look mostly dead here.
Now there is an infinitesimal chance that the scenes with Jon in Stark armor are part of one of Bran's visions. Maisie Williams did call his return a "great twist," so who knows? It won't always be easy to know what's reality and what's a projection until we see the season for ourselves. But this just feels like another heroic attempt on Harington's part to keep us all in the dark about Season 6. However, unlike Jon Snow, we already know too much.


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Q: Java Parallel Upload I'm currently working on a client-server application that allows me to upload and download with a client to a server. I've noticed that download speeds are pretty fast but uploads are much slower relatively.
I've been thinking of ways to potentially improve the performance of my upload by trying to do some sort of parallel upload. So I would split my file into 5 parts and have 5 threads all simultaneously upload their partition of the file to the same server endpoint.
First, I was wondering if this is even possible? Can I have multiple output streams writing to the same file at the same time? Also does this actually improve performance or will my upload speed still be inherently limited by my network bandwidth (so upload times will be virtually the same)?

A: If you use just one thread it will upload at X MBs per ISP, if you use many threads, it will be still be only X MBs per ISP. Parallel processing can not be utilized in network connection.
Unless you own a datacenter, you're limited by your ISP's bandwidth far before your software performance will limit you.
The best way to make an efficient upload/download program is actually to only use one thread per connection. So what you have now is as (infrastructurally) efficient as you can be.


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Canyon Diablo, Arizona: Why nearly all the stories about it are lies
Stories long have been told of Canyon Diablo, a violent and short-lived town that was Arizona's most notorious. One problem - none of it was true.
Canyon Diablo, Arizona: Why nearly all the stories about it are lies Stories long have been told of Canyon Diablo, a violent and short-lived town that was Arizona's most notorious. One problem - none of it was true. Check out this story on USATODAY.com: https://www.azcentral.com/story/travel/arizona/road-trips/2018/10/17/canyon-diablo-arizona-shootouts-myths-legends/1533865002/
The bridge over Canyon Diablo took six months to build in 1881. Library of Congress
Photos: Canyon Diablo, Arizona
The bridge over Canyon Diablo, as seen in this 1900 stereoscopic image. Library of Congress
Canyon Diablo remained as a railroad stop and housed a trading post (shown in this 1903 photo) for many years. Library of Congress
A stereoscopic image of the iron bridge over Canyon Diablo. The short-lived town of the same name sprouted as the bridge was built. Library of Congress
The contemporary bridge that now spans Canyon Diablo holds two tracks and looks far more formidable than the original. The Republic
A freight train passes by the ruins of the trading post built on the site of the ghost town of Canyon Diablo. The trading post was destroyed by a fire during the 1930s. The Republic
Canyon Diablo first rose as a railroad camp, later becoming a railroad stop and home to a trading post. Only ruins remain of the town, 35 miles east of Flagstaff and Mt. Humphries. The Republic
The remains of the Canyon Diablo trading post, which was destroyed by fire in the 1930s. The ghost town sits at the end of a primitive road that is not maintained. The Republic
The bridge over Canyon Diablo took six months to build in 1881.
Scott Craven, Arizona Republic Published 7:00 a.m. ET Oct. 17, 2018 | Updated 1:11 p.m. ET Oct. 22, 2018
Buckey O'Neill and his posse spent more than three weeks successfully chasing down bandits who robbed a train at Canyon Diablo in 1889. The posse (from left) are Carl Holton, Ed St.Clair, Buckey O'Neill and Jim Black.(Photo: Southwest Studies Archives, Scottsdale Community College)
CANYON DIABLO, Arizona — The harsh, dry and utterly empty terrain rolls on endlessly until suddenly it doesn't, tumbling into a 250-foot-deep fracture that appears with no explanation.
It seems an unlikely spot for anything, certainly for a chasm several hundred feet across. Yet in 1881, this was where a desolate railroad town rose and fell, its brief life spawning incredible tales of violence and greed that are still told to this day.
Google "Canyon Diablo" and you'll find those stories told fresh. They are of lust and murder in a place that has become known for long-lived feuds and short-lived deputies.
The legends of Canyon Diablo
The bridge that now spans Canyon Diablo is wide enough for two tracks and meets modern safety standards. (Photo: The Republic)
It's said that Canyon Diablo, which rose next to its namesake chasm in northern Arizona, was the deadliest town in the territory. Legend has it that the town's first lawman was proffered a badge at 3 o'clock and was dead by 8, and killings were so common that men were buried where they fell once the cemetery ran out of room.
Even the town's origins dovetail perfectly into the lore. Cañon Diablo (as it was spelled until the turn of the 20th century) was said to have risen as the result of a mistake. Work on the railroad was halted because the bridge crossing the gorge fell several feet short.
These are stories you want to believe, tales of a town rougher and tougher than anything pictured in blood-filled Hollywood westerns.
But stories are likely all they are, originally spun by a dime-store novelist turned historian who took it upon himself to be Canyon Diablo's sole biographer.
And though the author was born long after Canyon Diablo disappeared, he may well be its most colorful character.
The road to Canyon Diablo's ruins
Those who brave the unforgiving, long-abandoned road to Canyon Diablo are rewarded with a few scattered ruins that only whisper of the town's past.
Most walls have collapsed into piles of stone rubble. The few that remain are no more than five or six feet high. Yet a low-arched roof protecting a cistern remains largely intact, a sign of the measures taken to protect what precious water made it to this isolated outpost.
There's no trace of Boot Hill, a cemetery said to have run out of vacancies when Canyon Diablo was just a few months old. The only tombstone that remains is that of Herman Wolf, who ran a trading post until his death at the turn of the 20th century. Family members from Germany installed the marker sometime after World War II to honor their ancestor.
Continue down the modern rail tracks to the bridge itself, a sturdy arched structure built to contemporary standards. The original span, a daring and fragile-looking structure that was a marvel for its day, is long gone.
Yet these ruins are misleading, reminders of structures built long after the Canyon Diablo of legend had vanished.
And like these crumbling remains, the stories that have grown around the town mislead as well, one railroad historian said.
"Almost everything you've heard about Canyon Diablo is bull----," George Shaw said. "But it was still an interesting place with fascinating details."
With tools down, Canyon Diablo rose
There are plenty of tall tales about Canyon Diablo. Here are five true things you need to know. TreNesha Striggles, Wochit
On Dec. 19, 1881, after roughly 18 months of steady progress from Albuquerque, many of the men laying the rails for the Atlantic and Pacific Railroad Company were forced to put down their tools.
They'd reached the gorge locally known as Cañon Diablo, a geological interruption on the way to the West Coast.
For the next six months, as the bridge was built, the entrepreneurs who customarily trailed the rolling construction site set up shop, providing the men with items not available from their employer.
Women. Whiskey. Games of chance. In that order.
Vices were lucrative for "camp followers," said Shaw, an archivist of the Arizona State Railroad Museum, planned to open in Williams in 2020. Such followers were common as railroads made their way across the country, people selling goods and services where otherwise there were none.
While railroad companies provided the necessities, from housing to food, the workers' needs went far beyond the basics.
"Some enterprising gentleman or woman would come along and say, 'You want a bottle of whiskey? I've got a case,' " Shaw said. " 'You want a woman to sleep with? I have women to sleep with.' "
When work was temporarily halted — to build a bridge or bore a tunnel — the camp followers would set up their own camps, erecting tents that housed saloons, brothels and gambling halls.
Putting the "wild" in Wild West
A stereoscopic image of the iron bridge over Canyon Diablo. The short-lived town of the same name sprouted as the bridge was built. (Photo: Library of Congress)
Canyon Diablo was probably just that, Shaw said, a camp. Once construction stalled and the men idled, the followers quickly erected tents that likely were fronted with wooden facades, giving the "town" a more permanent look.
Supplies continued to arrive from the East, and Canyon Diablo likely grew over time as the only sign of civilization for miles.
Such encampments were meant to be temporary, so they often lacked basic law enforcement. As a result, the "civil" part of civilization might have well fallen short in Canyon Diablo, Joe Meehan, curator for the Pioneer Museum in Flagstaff, said.
"These were people away from their families for long periods of time, many of them single," Meehan said. "I don't doubt it was a pretty wild town."
But were the rowdy stories true?
Canyon Diablo remained as a railroad stop and housed a trading post (shown in this 1903 photo) for many years. (Photo: Library of Congress)
But was it wild enough that none of the seven sheriffs sent to Canyon Diablo lasted more than a month?
Were armed robberies so common that they occurred almost hourly?
Did Boot Hill quickly hit capacity with 35 bodies, forcing residents to bury men not far from where they were killed?
Was it true, in the words of one researcher, that "more famous places like Abilene, Virginia City and Tombstone could not hold a candle to the evil of this end-of-the-railroad's depravity"?
Or was this where the truth went off the rails?
The man behind the myths
A series of shambling ruins are all that remains of Two Guns, perched on the edge of Canyon Diablo. (Photo: Photo by Roger Naylor)
It's time to pull back the curtain on Gladwell Richardson, aka Maurice Kildare, aka a host of other pseudonyms.
Born in 1903 in Texas, he was a Navy veteran, trading post clerk and, most notably, a prolific novelist who wrote more than 200 Westerns ("Killers Ride Fast," "Gun Tornado" and "Hang the Cowboy High," to name a few) as well as countless short stories.
And while he has only one nonfiction book to his credit, Richardson was noted for his short history of Canyon Diablo, a story that had gone largely untold. The ghost town likely caught his eye as he worked at a trading post in nearby Two Guns.
Richardson described Canyon Diablo as a wild place filled with more than 2,000 untamed citizens. He reported 14 saloons, 10 gambling houses, four brothels and a couple of dance halls that likely were little more than brothels.
"Murder on the street was common," Richardson wrote in the "Diablo" chapter of "Two Guns, Arizona," published in 1968. "Holdups were almost hourly occurrences, newcomers being slugged on mere suspicion that they carried valuables."
Richardson's Diablo was filled with colorful characters such as Keno Harry, Clabberfoot Annie and Bill Duckin. Remaining unnamed was the community's first deputy, who "pinned on the badge at three o'clock in the afternoon; at eight that night he was laid out for burial," Richardson wrote.
Though Richardson told Canyon Diablo's story almost 80 years after it had vanished (the camp moved on when the bridge was finished), people took it as truth because it was the only story available, according to Marshall Trimble, Arizona's official state historian.
"There were no newspapers, no written records of daily life," Trimble said. Richardson's writing filled that vacuum. "People tended to believe what he'd written."
Writer of the purple prose
The remains of the Canyon Diablo trading post, which was destroyed by fire in the 1930s. The ghost town sits at the end of a primitive road that is not maintained. (Photo: The Republic)
The scholarly problem, then and now, was with Richardson's flowery, overly detailed and largely unbelievable writing. Despite a dearth of historical material, the novelist not only knew how many saloons allegedly operated in Canyon Diablo, but some of their names — The Last Drink, Road to Ruin and Bughouse Joe's. He wrote of fights and feuds as if he'd witnessed each one.
"As I've always been sure to say when I talk about Canyon Diablo, you have to take these stories with a very large helping of salt," Trimble said. "Don't discount all of it, but probably most of it."
Shaw, the railroad archivist, is much sterner when it comes to Richardson's findings, and for good reason. He said he's been looking into Canyon Diablo since 1996 and has found not one document, journal or tiniest shred of evidence verifying any of the Western writer's (tall) tales.
But he has found records that contradict one of Richardson's main claims, that Canyon Diablo rose when financial difficulties forced builders to halt work for a year and a half.
Never happened, Shaw said. Work commenced on Jan. 18, 1882, and the bridge opened July 1 of that same year, right on schedule.
Facts gunned down by fiction
Canyon Diablo first rose as a railroad camp, later becoming a railroad stop and home to a trading post. Only ruins remain of the town, 35 miles east of Flagstaff and Mt. Humphries. (Photo: The Republic)
And as far as Canyon Diablo being the depraved and violent setting painted by Richardson's words — not a chance in hell.
"Nearly everything you've read is fiction," Shaw said adamantly. "Never happened."
Still, Richardson's writings have found a home on the Internet. Dozens of sites, from travel to history, have mirrored many of Richardson's findings.
But it's not just the Internet. Newspapers and magazines also have perpetuated the myths.
In 1993, for example, an Arizona Republic story on Canyon Diablo extensively quoted Richardson's findings. And in 2001, the Republic reported on an effort to turn Canyon Diablo into a tourist destination, estimating it would take $2 million to "bring back the town to its unsavory past."
The stories live on because they are hard to put down. The riveting tales seem to prove once again that truth is indeed stranger than fiction.
Only not in this case. The Canyon Diablo crafted by Richardson has more in common with the Old Tucson movie studio than with Tombstone — fit for stage and screen, but not for history.
"It's time to set the record straight," Shaw said. "History is always interesting. It doesn't have to be embellished."
Visit Canyon Diablo
Where: Canyon Diablo is about 38 miles east of Flagstaff just north of Interstate 40 at Exit 230. The 3-mile primitive road leading to Canyon Diablo requires patience and a high-clearance vehicle.
What: A handful of stone ruins dating from the 1920s and '30s remain, as do some scattered tombstones. There's no trace of the camp that rose and quickly fell in 1882. If you follow the railroad to the canyon, you'll see contemporary bridge wide enough for two sets of train tracks.
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Enter a small hole that opened on a 240 meters high cliff… and find a fantastic world that spreads across 1,200 meters and with an elevation difference of about 90 meters.
The interior of the cave has an average temperature of 15°C throughout the year. Stalactites have formed from droplets hanging for long periods of time and there is also a waterfall with a 50 meters fall, allowing for the sound of rushing water to be heard without a pause.
Come and experience this mysterious underground world that has been created thanks to the work of nature across hundreds of millions of years.


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