text:
Q: Python, scrapy: Unable to paginate dynamically generated links on website, using the link got from firebug I am a complete newbie at python, scrapy and web scraping, this being my first learning project.
I want to scrape multiple pages from this website using scrapy:
The links seem to be generated using AJAX. At the end of the page is the link to next page. Clicking on <2> or <next> and checking the link generated on firebug, shows following request being generated:
GET directory?p=2&category=1&map[disable]=0&map[height]=500&map[list_height]=500&map[span]=5&map[style]=&map[list_show]=0&map[listing_default_zoom]=15&map[options][scrollwheel]=0&map[options][marker_clusters]=1&map[options][force_fit_bounds]=0&distance=0&is_mile=0&zoom=15&perpage=16&scroll_list=0&feature=1&featured_only=0&hide_searchbox=0&hide_nav=0&hide_nav_views=0&hide_pager=0&template=&grid_columns=4&sort=title

So I thought, in my limited understanding, that if I replace p={pagenum} with any page number, that should get me the required page. I tried using the following url to directly request for the page:
http://intheloop.com.sg/sabai/directory?p=2&category=1&map[disable]=0&map[height]=500&map[list_height]=500&map[span]=5&map[style]=&map[list_show]=0&map[listing_default_zoom]=15&map[options][scrollwheel]=0&map[options][marker_clusters]=1&map[options][force_fit_bounds]=0&distance=0&is_mile=0&zoom=15&perpage=16&scroll_list=0&feature=1&featured_only=0&hide_searchbox=0&hide_nav=0&hide_nav_views=0&hide_pager=0&template=&grid_columns=4&sort=title

However, this link generates an error page saying

page not found

Can anyone help me understand what am I doing wrong here?

A: You need to make a slight modification in the ajax url to achieve this,
check the demo from the scrapy shell:
In [1]: import re

In [2]: next_page_data = response.xpath('//div[@class="sabai-pull-right sabai-pagination"]/ul/li/a[contains(text(), "Next")]/@onclick').extract()

In [3]: next_page_data
Out[3]: [u"SABAI.ajax({scrollTo:'#sabai-directory-listings',trigger:jQuery(this), target:'#sabai-directory-listings', url:'http://intheloop.com.sg/sabai/directory?p=2&category=1&map%5Bdisable%5D=0&map%5Bheight%5D=500&map%5Blist_height%5D=500&map%5Bspan%5D=5&map%5Bstyle%5D=&map%5Blist_show%5D=0&map%5Blisting_default_zoom%5D=15&map%5Boptions%5D%5Bscrollwheel%5D=0&map%5Boptions%5D%5Bmarker_clusters%5D=1&map%5Boptions%5D%5Bforce_fit_bounds%5D=0&distance=0&is_mile=0&zoom=15&perpage=16&scroll_list=0&feature=1&featured_only=0&hide_searchbox=0&hide_nav=0&hide_nav_views=0&hide_pager=0&template=&addons=&grid_columns=4&sort=title'}); return false;"]

In [4]: url = re.findall(r'url\:\'(.*)\'\}', next_page_data[0])

In [5]: url
Out[5]: [u'http://intheloop.com.sg/sabai/directory?p=2&category=1&map%5Bdisable%5D=0&map%5Bheight%5D=500&map%5Blist_height%5D=500&map%5Bspan%5D=5&map%5Bstyle%5D=&map%5Blist_show%5D=0&map%5Blisting_default_zoom%5D=15&map%5Boptions%5D%5Bscrollwheel%5D=0&map%5Boptions%5D%5Bmarker_clusters%5D=1&map%5Boptions%5D%5Bforce_fit_bounds%5D=0&distance=0&is_mile=0&zoom=15&perpage=16&scroll_list=0&feature=1&featured_only=0&hide_searchbox=0&hide_nav=0&hide_nav_views=0&hide_pager=0&template=&addons=&grid_columns=4&sort=title']

In [6]: nex_page_url = url[0] + '&__ajax=%23sabai-directory-listings&_='

In [7]: nex_page_url
Out[7]: u'http://intheloop.com.sg/sabai/directory?p=2&category=1&map%5Bdisable%5D=0&map%5Bheight%5D=500&map%5Blist_height%5D=500&map%5Bspan%5D=5&map%5Bstyle%5D=&map%5Blist_show%5D=0&map%5Blisting_default_zoom%5D=15&map%5Boptions%5D%5Bscrollwheel%5D=0&map%5Boptions%5D%5Bmarker_clusters%5D=1&map%5Boptions%5D%5Bforce_fit_bounds%5D=0&distance=0&is_mile=0&zoom=15&perpage=16&scroll_list=0&feature=1&featured_only=0&hide_searchbox=0&hide_nav=0&hide_nav_views=0&hide_pager=0&template=&addons=&grid_columns=4&sort=title&__ajax=%23sabai-directory-listings&_='

in the AJAX request you can find two extra parameters __ajax and _ at the end of the url and appending those extra parameter will give you the proper url.


text:
A look at the debate over NATO expansion eastward that's at the heart of conflict now
Published February 7, 2022 at 3:19 PM MST
There's a grievance at the heart of the standoff between NATO countries and Russia over Ukraine. Russians say the U.S. and its NATO allies broke a key pledge. They claim the West promised Russia in the 1990s that NATO would move not one inch to the east. Putin recently said, you cheated us shamelessly. The U.S. and NATO say that's nonsense and they've always had an open-door membership policy.
Well, NPR's Becky Sullivan has been looking into this heated, historic debate and is here to explain. Hi, Becky.
BECKY SULLIVAN, BYLINE: Hello.
SHAPIRO: What's the backstory with this not-one-inch-eastward claim?
SULLIVAN: This goes all the way back to 1990, right before the fall of the Soviet Union. At that point, NATO was a lot smaller than it is now; it's just the U.S. and Canada and the very closest allies in Europe. None of the central and Eastern European countries were in the alliance yet.
SHAPIRO: Those countries were part of the Warsaw Pact, which was kind of like the Soviet version of NATO?
SULLIVAN: Yep. And, you know, both sides have these big military forces facing each other. But then, you know, as you - as we were talking about '89, '90, there are a bunch of anti-communist protests that sweep across central and Eastern Europe and especially in East Germany. The Berlin Wall falls in November 1989 and up comes this question of German reunification. The U.S. thinks that maybe what they could offer the Soviets to get them to allow that is a promise that NATO will not expand eastward. I'm simplifying things here.
But I talked to Mary Sarotte. She's a historian who's written a book about the negotiations over all this called "Not One Inch." And she says this not one inch thing comes from this very early conversation in 1990 between then-U.S. Secretary of State James Baker and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. Baker floats this idea of letting Germany reunify in exchange for NATO moving not one inch eastward. Gorbachev's like, OK; I'll think about it.
SHAPIRO: So he floated the idea, and then what happened?
SULLIVAN: So what happens next is that Baker goes back to Washington where President George H.W. Bush is like, absolutely not. And so the Americans drop it. It never shows up on the bargaining table.
The Soviets eventually sign a treaty with the U.S. It doesn't have anything to say about NATO expanding beyond Germany. But Sarotte says that afterwards, this residual bitterness just hung around with the Russians.
MARY SAROTTE: Still to this day, Putin is saying, look; there was this other offer on the table. The best friend of the president looked Mikhail Gorbachev in the eye and said NATO will move not one inch eastward. And that's sort of factually accurate in a narrow sense, but it doesn't reflect the reality that we're creating (ph).
SHAPIRO: And, of course, today NATO is much bigger, much farther east. How did we get there?
SULLIVAN: So in 1991, the Soviet Union collapses, the Warsaw Pact is gone and all of these states that were either a part of the Soviet Union or under their influence are starting to look toward the West. And the U.S. thinks that expanding NATO is a good idea, a good way to make sure that the West still controls influence in this, like, post-Soviet Europe. The Russians, of course, are, like, very opposed to this. In their view, NATO is a threat to Russian security.
But NATO expands anyway - so first in the '90s with a few countries in central Europe, again in the 2000s to bring in even more countries further to the east, including a handful of former Soviet republics. And the Russians are just feeling more and more antagonized every time.
SHAPIRO: Which brings us to Ukraine - how does Ukraine play into this?
SULLIVAN: It's the biggest former Soviet republic in Europe besides Russia itself. There are a lot of cultural ties between the two countries. Putin sort of famously thinks that the Ukrainians and the Russians are one people.
I talked to Jim Goldgeier about this. He is a historian at American University who has written a lot about NATO.
JIM GOLDGEIER: The Russians were always concerned about how far NATO enlargement was going to go. You know, it was one thing for Poland to come in or the Czech Republic to come in, but there was always a concern about Ukraine.
SULLIVAN: And this comes to a little bit of a head in 2008 - the U.S. - George W. Bush - pushing for Ukraine to be able to join NATO. But some other members, like France and Germany, pushed back, resulting in this compromise that we have today where NATO promised that Ukraine would be able to join the alliance, but they didn't lay out any sort of path for how to do it. And Goldgeier described that compromise to me as the worst of all worlds.
SHAPIRO: Which leads us to this standoff today.
SULLIVAN: Exactly. So even though NATO has repeatedly said that the alliance has this open-door membership policy - any country can make its own security decisions - the reality is just a lot more complicated here. Ukraine is not going to be joining anytime soon.
SHAPIRO: NPR's Becky Sullivan - thank you.
SULLIVAN: Thank you.
(SOUNDBITE OF BIROCRATIC'S "NESTING") Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
E-catalog pilot raises doubts
By Brian Robinson
Phase Two of CommerceNet's online catalog project begins
The Government Catalog Interoperability Pilot, a key element in the federal
government's push toward a World Wide Web-based open buying environment,
has been judged a success by its participants, at least in showing the feasibility
of the concept. Installing a full-scale version of the pilot, however, is
another matter.
Developing and testing a government-specific interoperable catalog system
could be both expensive and time- consuming. Meanwhile, development of commercial
alternatives has been accelerating and will probably outpace that of any
government solution — a situation likely to occur more often as a growing
number of agencies take on ambitious electronic commerce projects.
Government sponsors of the interoperability pilot now must choose whether
to follow through with the original plan or change gears and embrace a commercial
solution. Because of its scope, the decision is sure to influence other
agencies' e-commerce development plans.
A report on Phase 2 of the interoperability pilot, which is set to be
published by the end of this month, is expected to include a call for a
comprehensive review of commercial products that might readily meet the
government's requirements.
"In retrospect, the pilot [project] probably had too ambitious of a
scope," said Mary Mitchell, deputy associate administrator for e-commerce
in the General Services Administration's Office of Governmentwide Policy.
"If you are not able to execute the pilot in four to six months, then [technology]
changes so much that the results are no longer so interesting."
There are probably commercial solutions available that provide features
not considered in the pilot, she said, "and the assessment of the pilot
will likely include a recommendation to look at those sorts of systems."
The pilot was led by CommerceNet, an international nonprofit consortium
of companies that develop e-commerce solutions on the Internet, and included
a range of industry vendors and a number of government agencies, including
GSA, NASA, the Defense Department and the National Institute of Standards
and Technology. A number of other agencies also provided procurement officials
to be the "users" in the pilot.
Launched in late 1998, the pilot sought to test the feasibility of a
system that would allow users in one agency to search, order and pay for
products offered in online catalogs intended for other agencies' use. Users
would, for example, be able to transparently and simultaneously search GSA
Advantage, NASA's Scientific and Engineering Workstation Procurement, DOD's
EMall and other sources for the best deal.
The first phase of the pilot set the technical foundations for the interoperable
catalog framework using Extensible Markup Language (XML), which defines
a common format for data used in business transactions over the Internet.
Phase 2, launched in April last year, added key scalability and integration
components including registry services, security features such as public-key
infrastructure (PKI) and digital signatures, the use of government purchase
cards for payments, and a description of an architecture that would aggregate
inquiries to different catalogs into a single response to the user.
There were some unexpected problems. It was discovered that many agency
firewalls, for example, were not configured to allow some of the processes
necessary for searching the different catalogs and ordering from them. "We
didn't anticipate there would be so many different approaches across the
agencies," said Todd Barborek, a principal consultant with PricewaterhouseCoopers,
which will compile and issue the independent report on the pilot. "There's
a great range of different security policies that are applied across the
agencies."
That produced access problems for users. Carole Shebby, administrative
officer in the Office of Grant and Acquisition Management at the Department
of Health and Human Services, said she had difficulty getting her smart-card
reader to work. The reader was designed to provide users with secure access
to the pilot system.
"We had trouble configuring our computers and our security to work with
the [pilot] software that was provided to us," Shebby said. "In some cases,
when I tried to use the software, I wasn't able to shut down my computer."
On the occasions the software did work, she was able to use the card
reader to get into the pilot system but not often enough to effectively
evaluate it. "The concept is a good one," she said, "but the physical barriers
have to be overcome first."
The firewall issues "did make installation [of the security] something
of a challenge," admitted Gary Moore, federal technical director for Entrust
Technologies Inc., one of the vendors selected to provide smart-card PKI
for the pilot. However, he claimed that those people who did gain access
to the full infrastructure and capabilities of the pilot found it "fairly
easy to use."
"Once agencies understand what the security policy issues are and that
they will be protected within the [interoperable catalog environment] outside
of their firewalls, then we think they will be willing to conform their
policies accordingly," he said.
A broader problem is in seeing a clear path forward because of the limited
scope of the pilot. Though it did show that all the various components work
and that end-to-end interoperability is clearly possible, the pilot still
left major questions.
"We only went between five [government and industry] catalogs," said
Mary Ann Nash, project manager for eFed, one of the biggest suppliers of
commercial e-commerce solutions to the government. "The components did all
work, but whether that would remain the same as more catalogs are added
would depend on how they were structured."
The main bottleneck would likely come on the Internet itself, she said,
and problems would increase as the volume of catalog inquiries rises. For
eFed, the solution has been to bring all the catalogs it works with in-house.
"By proving the concept in a relatively confined environment, we showed
it can work but we also showed how complicated it is," said Judy Cohen,
senior principal in the government e-commerce solutions group of American
Management Systems Inc. "Is it scalable to an industrial-strength system
in the near term? I don't think so."
However, there's also a problem with commercial solutions, she said.
While those solutions are available now, and they are scalable, none of
them yet meets all of the objectives of the pilot. But people are working
in that direction, she added.
The pressing question for the government is which approach to take.
Should it develop the pilot into a full-scale system and take the time to
test it? Or should it go with an incomplete commercial solution that can
be up and running in a short time and reap the benefits from that, while
working to develop the system into a more complete government solution?
"The ultimate result of the pilot might be a realization that things
are changing too rapidly in the commercial sector for this piloting approach
to provide a true solution for the government," said Barborek. "In that
case, it will probably end up that the government will have to fit itself
more to the commercial sensibility than vice versa."
Ron Parsons, director of public-sector alliances for CommerceNet, agreed."I
think the sense was that, with the way that industry has moved on these
issues, a government-specific pilot just isn't feasible anymore, he said."
—Robinson is a freelance journalist based in Portland, Ore.


text:
David Royston Bailey (Leytonstone, Londres; 2 de enero de 1938) es un fotógrafo británico. Se convirtió en asistente fotográfico del estudio John French y luego fotógrafo del Studio Five de John Cole antes de ser contratado como fotógrafo de moda por la revista Vogue inglesa en 1960.

Junto a Terence Donovan y Brian Duffy, ayudó a formar el concepto cultural de Swinging London a mediados de los años 1960 en Londres. En 2012, la cadena BBC produjo una película basada en la clásica sesión fotográfica que Bailey le hizo a la modelo Jean Shrimpton en Nueva York en 1962. Entre 1965 y 1972 estuvo casado con la actriz francesa Catherine Deneuve.

Comienzos
David Bailey nació en Leytonstone East London, de Herbert Bailey, un sastre, y su esposa, Sharon, una maquinista. Desde la edad de tres años vivió en East Ham.

Bailey desarrolló un amor por la historia natural, y esto lo llevó a la fotografía. Sufriendo de dislexia no diagnosticada, experimentó problemas en la escuela. Asistió a una escuela privada, el Clark's College en Ilford, donde dice que le enseñaron menos que la escuela municipal más básica. Además de la dislexia, también tiene el trastorno de la habilidad motora dispraxia (trastorno de coordinación del desarrollo).

En un año escolar, afirma que solo asistió a clase 33 veces. Salió de la escuela en su decimoquinto cumpleaños, para trabajar en las oficinas de Fleet Street del Yorkshire Post. Pasó por una serie de trabajos sin salida, antes de su convocatoria para el Servicio Nacional en 1956, sirviendo con la Royal Air Force en Singapur en 1957. Allí compró una cámara Rolleiflex.

Fue desmovilizado en agosto de 1958, y decidido a seguir una carrera en la fotografía, compró una cámara Canon con telémetro. Incapaz de obtener un lugar en el London College of Printing debido a su trayectoria escolar, se convirtió en el segundo asistente de David Ollins, en Charlotte Mews.

Carrera profesional
En 1959, Bailey se convirtió en asistente de fotografía en el estudio John French, y en mayo de 1960, fue fotógrafo para Studio Five de John Cole, antes de ser contratado como fotógrafo de moda para la revista británica Vogue ese mismo año. También realizó una gran cantidad de trabajo independiente.

Junto con Terence Donovan y Brian Duffy, Bailey capturó y ayudó a crear el 'Swinging London' de la década de 1960: una cultura de alta moda y celebridades chic. Los tres fotógrafos socializaron con actores, músicos y la realeza, y ellos mismos se encontraron elevados al estatus de celebridad. Juntos, fueron los primeros fotógrafos de celebridades reales, nombrados por Norman Parkinson como "la Trinidad Negra".

La película Blowup (1966), dirigida por Michelangelo Antonioni, retrata la vida de un fotógrafo de moda londinense (interpretado por David Hemmings) cuyo personaje fue inspirado por Bailey. La escena "Swinging London" se reflejó acertadamente en su Box of Pin-Ups (1964): una caja de pósteres de celebridades de los 60 incluyendo a Terence Stamp, The Beatles, Mick Jagger, Jean Shrimpton, PJ Proby, Cecil Beaton, Rudolf Nureyev, Andy Warhol y los notorios gánsteres del East End, los gemelos Kray. The Box fue un lanzamiento comercial inusual y único. Reflejaba el estado cambiante del fotógrafo que podría vender una colección de impresiones de esta manera. La principal objeción a la presencia de los Kray por parte de su colega fotógrafo, Lord Snowdon, fue la principal razón por la que no se lanzó ninguna edición estadounidense de la "Caja", y que no se emitió una segunda edición británica. La venta récord de una copia de 'Box of Pin-Ups''' se reporta como "por encima de las 20.000 libras".

El ascenso de Bailey en Vogue fue meteórico. En cuestión de meses, estaba filmando portadas y, en el momento álgido de su productividad, filmó 800 páginas editadas en Vogue en un año. Penelope Tree, una exnovia, lo describió como "el rey león de la sabana: increíblemente atractivo, con una vibración peligrosa. Era la fuerza eléctrica, la más brillante, la más poderosa, la más talentosa y la más enérgica de la revista".

La directora creativa de American Vogue, Grace Coddington, que entonces era modelo, dijo: "Eran los años sesenta, una época delirante, y Bailey era increíblemente guapo. Era todo lo que una quería que fuera, como los Beatles, pero accesible, y cuando salió al mercado todo el mundo entró. Todos nos estábamos matando por ser su modelo, aunque él se enganchó con Jean Shrimpton bastante rápido".

Desde 1966, Bailey también dirigió varios anuncios comerciales de televisión y documentales. De 1968 a 1971 dirigió y produjo documentales para televisión titulados Beaton, Warhol y Visconti. Además de la fotografía de moda, Bailey fotografió las carátulas de álbumes para músicos como The Rolling Stones y Marianne Faithfull. Una de las obras más famosas de Bailey muestra a los Rolling Stones, incluido Brian Jones. Él se ve de pie, un poco separado del resto del grupo.

Bailey fue contratado en 1970 por Chris Blackwell, de Island Records, para hacer las fotografías publicitarias de Cat Stevens para su próximo álbum Tea for the Tillerman. Stevens (ahora conocido como Yusuf Islam) sostiene que no le gustaba tener su foto en la portada de sus álbumes, como había sido anteriormente, aunque permitió que las fotografías de Bailey se colocaran en la parte interna del álbum.

En 1972, el roquero Alice Cooper fue fotografiado por Bailey para la revista Vogue, casi desnudo aparte de una serpiente. Cooper usó a Bailey el año siguiente para filmar la foto del grupo encabezando el álbum "Billion Dollar Babies". La sesión incluyó a un bebé con maquillaje impactante y, supuestamente, mil millones de dólares en efectivo que requirieron que el rodaje estuviera bajo guardia armada. En 1976, Bailey publicó el periódico Ritz junto con David Litchfield. En 1985, Bailey trabajó fotografiando estrellas en el concierto Live Aid en el estadio de Wembley. Como recordó más tarde: "El ambiente en el día fue grandioso. En un momento me dieron un golpecito en el hombro y me di la vuelta. ¡De repente, había una gran lengua en mi garganta! Era Freddie Mercury".

En 1992, Bailey dirigió el drama de la cadena BBC, Who Dealt? protagonizado por Juliet Stevenson, con guion de Ring Lardner. En 1995 dirigió y escribió la película de South Bank, The Lady is a Tramp con su segunda esposa Catherine Bailey. En 1998 dirigió un documental con Ginger Television Production, Models Close Up, encargado por Channel 4 Television.

En 2012, la BBC hizo una película de la historia de su sesión fotográfica de Nueva York de 1962 con Jean Shrimpton, titulada We'll Take Manhattan.

 Obra
Más allá de su amplia y exitosa obra relacionada con la moda, con los años su obra en general se ha hecho más personal, con un gran dominio del retrato. Su primera colección de estos la publicó en 1965 con el título David Bailey´s Box of Pin-UpsEn 1966 dirigió su película G.G. PassionEn la década de los setenta condujo el programa televisivo Beaton by Bailey.

 Libros de fotografías
 Box of Pin-Ups, 1964
 Goodbye Baby & Amen, 2017
 Warhol, 1974
 Beady Minces, 1974
 Papua New Guinea, 1975
 Mixed Moments, 1976
 Trouble and Strife, 1980
 Bailey NW1, 1982
 Black & White Memories, 1983
 Nudes 1981–1984, 1984
 Imagine, 1985
 If We Shadows, 2001
 The Lady is a Tramp, 1995
 Rock & Roll Heroes, 1997
 Archive One, 1999 (también titulado The Birth of the Cool for USA)
 Chasing Rainbows, 2001
 Art of Violence, Kate Kray & David Bailey, 2003 (también titulado Diamond Geezers)
 Bailey/Rankin Down Under, 2003
 Archive Two: Locations, 2003
 Bailey's Democracy, 2005
 Havana, 2006
 NY JS DB 62, 2007
 Pictures That Mark Can Do, 2007
 Is That So Kid, 2008
 David Bailey: 8 Minutes: Hirst & Bailey, 2009 con Damien Hirst
 EYE, 2009
 Flowers, Skulls, Contacts, 2010
 British Heroes in Afghanistan'', 2010

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Sitio web oficial (en inglés).

Fotógrafos de Inglaterra
Fotógrafos de moda
Fotógrafos retratistas
Comendadores de la Orden del Imperio Británico

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
White House Tells Senate: Grants No Substitute For Infrastructure Bank
By Elana Schor
The White House has reiterated its commitment to a national infrastructure bank
(NIB), urging the Senate to reconsider a 2010 transportation spending
bill that would "substitute in its place" $1.1 billion in grants.
Patty Murray (D-WA) heads the Senate panel in charge of U.S. DOT spending. (Photo: Seattle Times)
In a statement of policy on the Senate's transport spending bill,
which is slated for floor debate starting Monday, the Obama
administration noted that an NIB could provide not only grants but also
credit-based financing such as loans and bonds:
The Administration encourages the Congress to support
the creation of a National Infrastructure Bank and not substitute in
its place a national infrastructure grant program … Once established,
a Bank will help forge a new path forward in infrastructure sponsorship
and cross-jurisdictional partnership.
The House's 2010 transport spending bill allows
half of its $4 billion in high-speed rail money to be transferred to an
NIB, provided that such an entity is authorized by Congress next year.
That remains an open question, given the strong likelihood of a delay in the next long-term transportation bill.
$1.1 billion grant program included in the Senate's spending bill
follows a model similar to the $1.5 billion "TIGER" grants authorized
by this year's economic stimulus law. The TIGER funding is open to
proposals in any transport mode — from rail to ports to cycling — and
will be distributed early next year by the U.S. DOT based on economic
and environmental merit, as well as other factors.
Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood has spoken often of the flood of
interest generated by the TIGER money, the White House's statement
makes clear that it has not abandoned the push for an NIB.
One crucial decision
on the NIB, meanwhile, has yet to be made: whether it will be housed
within the U.S. DOT, as House transport committee chairman Jim Oberstar
(D-MN) has suggested, or set up as an independent entity, as Rep. Rosa
DeLauro (D-CT) proposed in her NIB legislation.
Filed Under: Streetsblog USA, Transportation Policy, U.S. Senate
Dodd and DeLauro Vow to Get Infrastructure Bank Done This Year
By Elana Schor	| Jan 20, 2010
Supporters from every corner of the transportation universe joined Gov. Ed Rendell (D-PA), Rep. Rosa DeLauro (D-CT), and Sen. Chris Dodd (D-CT) today at a press event aimed at jumpstarting a National Infrastructure Bank (NIB), which the two Connecticut lawmakers vowed to steer to passage this year. Gov. Ed Rendell (D-PA), above, founded BAF with […]
House and Senate Agree on $2.5B for High-Speed Rail — And More
By Elana Schor	| Dec 9, 2009
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Fans of a National Infrastructure Bank (NIB) that would help leverage private-sector funding for transportation projects are still hoping for Hill action after the House declined to add the idea to its $154 billion jobs bill. But the NIB isn't the only new financing strategy on the table, as Rep. Chris Van Hollen (D-MD) reminded […]
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By Elana Schor	| Feb 12, 2010
The White House Council of Economic Advisers' first annual report under President Obama made headlines today for its gloomy job-creation outlook, but tucked inside its 462 pages is a tangible reflection of a changed outlook on transportation policy under the new administration. Top White House economic adviser Christina Romer, at right, holds up yesterday's report. […]
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text:
Architecture » Wheels of Chicago, USA by Hapsitus Architects
Wheels of Chicago, USA by Hapsitus Architects
| Updated on January 5, 2023
Five of them will be placed above the circular fountains, the circumference of each wheel mirroring that of its fountain. One wheel will be placed within Navy Pier's Gateway Park and another one in Lake Michigan.
The wheel sizes vary between 20 and 35 meters in diameter. Each wheel has a concrete foundation. It consists of a steel structure, basically a vertical steel pole carrying a central hub and a round rim joined by cables. The wheels each have individual, intricate patterns of figures and shapes that represent the diversity of Chicago and its different geographic zones. The wheels turn through an electromechanical system consisting of a motor within the hub. The movement, lighting and the sound generated by the wheels will create overlapping stories in continuous celebration of Chicago.
The experience of The Chicago Wheels is as engaging when at close-up as from a distance, where they become landmarks for Navy Pier, Olive Park and the shoreline promenade. From the air and the sea, the wheels will act as a cultural gate to Chicago, welcoming visitors.
Project Data:
Location: Chicago, USA
Architects: Hapsitus Architects – www.hapsitus.com
Project completion date: 2012, on going project
Structural & Sustainability: ARUP London
Photography/Rendering: rendered by Interior Architect Rim Fadel


text:
[Docs] [txt|pdf] [draft-ietf-dhc-...] [Tracker] [Diff1] [Diff2]
PROPOSED STANDARD
Network Working Group                                           M. Stapp
Request for Comments: 4030                           Cisco Systems, Inc.
Category: Standards Track                                      T. Lemon
Nominum, Inc.
The Authentication Suboption for the
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Relay Agent Option
Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2005).
The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Relay Agent
Information Option (RFC 3046) conveys information between a DHCP
Relay Agent and a DHCP server.  This specification defines an
authentication suboption for that option, containing a keyed hash in
its payload.  The suboption supports data integrity and replay
protection for relayed DHCP messages.
Stapp & Lemon               Standards Track                     [Page 1]
RFC 4030                Authentication Suboption              March 2005
1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
2.  Requirements Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
3.  DHCP Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
4.  Suboption Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
5.  Replay Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
6.  The Relay Identifier Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
7.  Computing Authentication Information . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
7.1.  The HMAC-SHA1 Algorithm  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
8.  Procedures for Sending Messages  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
8.1.  Replay Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
8.2.  Packet Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
8.3.  Checksum Computation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
8.4.  Sending the Message  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
9.  Procedures for Processing Incoming Messages  . . . . . . . .   8
9.1.  Initial Examination  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
9.2.  Replay Detection Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
9.3.  Testing the Checksum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
10. Relay Agent Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
10.1. Receiving Messages from Other Relay Agents . . . . . .  10
10.2. Sending Messages to Servers  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
10.3. Receiving Messages from Servers  . . . . . . . . . . .  10
11. DHCP Server Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
11.1. Receiving Messages from Relay Agents . . . . . . . . .  10
11.2. Sending Reply Messages to Relay Agents . . . . . . . .  11
12. IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
13. Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
13.1. The Key ID Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
13.2. Protocol Vulnerabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
14. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
15. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
15.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
15.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
Full Copyright Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
DHCP (RFC 2131 [6]) provides IP addresses and configuration
information for IPv4 clients.  It includes a relay-agent capability
(RFC 951 [7], RFC 1542 [8]) in which processes within the network
infrastructure receive broadcast messages from clients and forward
them to servers as unicast messages.  In network environments such as
DOCSIS data-over-cable and xDSL, for example, it has proven useful
for the relay agent to add information to the DHCP message before
forwarding it, by using the relay-agent information option (RFC 3046
[1]).  The kind of information that relays add is often used in the
server's decision-making about the addresses and configuration
parameters that the client should receive.  The way that the
relay-agent data is used in server decision-making tends to make that
data very important, and it highlights the importance of the trust
relationship between the relay agent and the server.
The existing DHCP Authentication specification (RFC 3118) [9] only
covers communication between the DHCP client and server.  Because
relay-agent information is added after the client has sent its
message, the DHCP Authentication specification explicitly excludes
relay-agent data from that authentication.
The goal of this specification is to define methods that a relay
agent can use to
1.  protect the integrity of relayed DHCP messages,
2.  provide replay protection for those messages, and
3.  leverage existing mechanisms, such as DHCP Authentication.
In order to meet these goals, we specify a new relay-agent suboption,
the Authentication suboption.  The format of this suboption is very
similar to the format of the DHCP Authentication option, and the
specification of its cryptographic methods and hash computation is
also similar.
The Authentication suboption is included by relay agents that seek to
ensure the integrity of the data they include in the Relay Agent
option.  These relay agents are configured with the parameters
necessary for generating cryptographic checksums of the data in the
DHCP messages that they forward to DHCP servers.  A DHCP server
configured to process the Authentication suboption uses the
information in the suboption to verify the checksum in the suboption
and continues processing the relay agent information option only if
the checksum is valid.  If the DHCP server sends a response, it
includes an Authentication suboption in its response message.  Relay
agents test the checksums in DHCP server responses to decide whether
to forward the responses.
2.  Requirements Terminology
In this document, the key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED",
"SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY",
and "OPTIONAL" are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [2].
3.  DHCP Terminology
This document uses the terms "DHCP server" (or "server") and "DHCP
client" (or "client") as defined in RFC 2131 [6].  The term "DHCP
relay agent" refers to a "BOOTP relay agent" as defined in RFC 2131.
4.  Suboption Format
|     Code      |    Length     |   Algorithm   |  MBZ  |  RDM  |
|  Replay Detection (64 bits)                                   |
|  Replay Detection cont.                                       |
|                    Relay Identifier                           |
|                Authentication Information                     |
The code for the suboption is 8.  The length field includes the
lengths of the algorithm, the RDM, and all subsequent suboption
fields in octets.
The Algorithm field defines the algorithm used to generate the
authentication information.
Four bits are reserved for future use.  These bits SHOULD be set to
zero and MUST NOT be used when the suboption is processed.
The Replay Detection Method (RDM) field defines the method used to
generate the Replay Detection Data.
The Replay Detection field contains a value used to detect replayed
messages, which are interpreted according to the RDM.
The Relay Identifier field is used by relay agents that do not set
giaddr, as described in RFC 3046 [1], section 2.1.
The Authentication Information field contains the data required to
communicate algorithm-specific parameters, as well as the checksum.
The checksum is usually a digest of the data in the DHCP packet
computed by using the method specified by the Algorithm field.
5.  Replay Detection
The replay-detection mechanism is designed on the notion that a
receiver can determine whether a message has a valid replay token
value.  The default RDM, with value 1, specifies that the Replay
Detection field contains an increasing counter value.  The receiver
associates a replay counter with each sender and rejects any message
containing an authentication suboption with a Replay Detection
counter value less than or equal to the last valid value.  DHCP
servers MAY identify relay agents by giaddr value or by other data in
the message (e.g., data in other relay agent suboptions).  Relay
agents identify DHCP servers by source IP address.  If the message's
replay detection value, and the checksum are valid, the receiver
updates its notion of the last valid replay counter value associated
with the sender.
All implementations MUST support the default RDM.  Additional methods
may be defined in the future, following the process described in
Receivers SHOULD perform the replay-detection check before testing
the checksum.  The keyed hash calculation is likely to be much more
expensive than the replay-detection value check.
This places a burden on the receiver to maintain some run-time
state (the most-recent valid counter value) for each sender,
but the number of members in a DHCP agent-server system is
unlikely to be unmanageably large.
6.  The Relay Identifier Field
The Relay Agent Information Option [1] specification permits a relay
agent to add a relay agent option to relayed messages without setting
the giaddr field.  In this case, the eventual receiver of the message
needs a stable identifier to use in order to associate per-sender
state such as Key ID and replay-detection counters.
A relay agent that adds a relay agent information option and sets
giaddr MUST NOT set the Relay ID field.  A relay agent that does not
set giaddr MAY be configured to place a value in the Relay ID field.
If the relay agent is configured to use the Relay ID field, it MAY be
configured with a value to use, or it MAY be configured to generate a
value based on some other data, such as its MAC or IP addresses.  If
a relay generates a Relay ID value, it SHOULD select a value that it
can regenerate reliably; e.g., across reboots.
Servers that process an Authentication Suboption SHOULD use the
giaddr value to identify the sender if the giaddr field is set.
Servers MAY be configured to use some other data in the message to
identify the sender.  If giaddr is not set, the server SHOULD use the
Relay ID field if it is nonzero.  If neither the giaddr nor the Relay
ID field is set, the server MAY be configured to use some other data
in the message, or it MAY increment an error counter.
7.  Computing Authentication Information
The Authentication Information field contains a keyed hash generated
by the sender.  All algorithms are defined to process the data in the
DHCP messages in the same way.  The sender and receiver compute a
hash across a buffer containing all of the bytes in the DHCP message,
including the fixed DHCP message header, the DHCP options, and the
relay agent suboptions, with the following exceptions.  The value of
the 'hops' field MUST be set to zero for the computation because its
value may be changed in transmission.  The value of the 'giaddr'
field MUST also be set to zero for the computation because it may be
modified in networks where one relay agent adds the relay agent
option but another relay agent sets 'giaddr' (see RFC 3046, section
2.1).  In addition, because the relay agent option is itself included
in the computation, the 'authentication information' field in the
Authentication suboption is set to all zeros.  The relay agent option
length, the Authentication suboption length and other Authentication
suboption fields are all included in the computation.
All implementations MUST support Algorithm 1, the HMAC-SHA1
algorithm.  Additional algorithms may be defined in the future,
following the process described in section 12.
7.1.  The HMAC-SHA1 Algorithm
Algorithm 1 is assigned to the HMAC [3] protocol by using the SHA-1
[4] hash function.  This algorithm requires that a shared secret key
be configured at the relay agent and the DHCP server.  A 32-bit Key
Identifier is associated with each shared key, and this identifier is
carried in the first 4 bytes of the Authentication Information field
of the Authentication suboption.  The HMAC-SHA1 computation generates
a 20-byte hash value, which is placed in the Authentication
Information field after the Key ID.
When Algorithm 1 is used, the format of the Authentication suboption
is as follows:
|     Code      |       38      |0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1|  MBZ  |  RDM  |
|                        Key ID (32 bits)                       |
|                      HMAC-SHA1 (160 bits)                     |
The suboption length is 38.  The RDM and Replay Detection fields are
as specified in section 5.  The Relay ID field is set as specified in
section 6.  The Key ID is set by the sender to the ID of the key used
in computing the checksum, as an integer value in network byte order.
The HMAC result follows the Key ID.
The Key ID exists only to allow the sender and receiver to specify a
shared secret in cases where more than one secret is in use among a
network's relays and DHCP servers.  The Key ID values are entirely a
matter of local configuration; they only have to be unique locally.
This specification does not define any semantics or impose any
requirements on this algorithm's Key ID values.
8.  Procedures for Sending Messages
8.1.  Replay Detection
The sender obtains a replay-detection counter value to use based on
the RDM it is using.  If the sender is using RDM 1, the default RDM,
the value MUST be greater than any previously sent value.
8.2.  Packet Preparation
The sender sets the 'giaddr' field and the 'hops' field to all zeros.
The sender appends the relay agent information option to the client's
packet, including the Authentication suboption.  The sender selects
an appropriate Replay Detection value.  The sender places its
identifier into the Relay ID field, if necessary, or sets the field
to all zeros.  The sender sets the suboption length, places the
Replay Detection value into the Replay Detection field of the
suboption, and sets the algorithm to the algorithm number that it is
using.  If the sender is using HMAC-SHA1, it sets the Key ID field to
the appropriate value.  The sender sets the field that will contain
the checksum to all zeros.  Other algorithms may specify additional
preparation steps.
8.3.  Checksum Computation
The sender computes the checksum across the entire DHCP message,
using the algorithm it has selected.  The sender places the result of
the computation into the Authentication Information field of the
Authentication suboption.
8.4.  Sending the Message
The sender restores the values of the 'hops' and 'giaddr' fields and
sends the message.
9.  Procedures for Processing Incoming Messages
9.1.  Initial Examination
The receiver examines the message for the value of the giaddr field
and determines whether the packet includes the relay agent
information option.  The receiver uses its configuration to determine
whether it should expect an Authentication suboption.  The receiver
MUST support a configuration that allows it to drop incoming messages
that do not contain a valid relay agent information option and
If the receiver determines that the Authentication suboption is
present and that it should process the suboption, it uses the data in
the message to determine which algorithm, key, and RDM to use in
validating the message.  If the receiver cannot determine which
algorithm, key, and RDM to use, or if it does not support the value
indicated in the message, it SHOULD drop the message.  Because this
situation could indicate a misconfiguration that could deny service
to clients, receivers MAY attempt to notify their administrators or
to log an error message.
9.2.  Replay Detection Check
The receiver examines the RDM field.  Receivers MUST discard messages
containing RDM values that they do not support.  Because this may
indicate a misconfiguration at the sender, an attempt SHOULD be made
to indicate this condition to the administrator by incrementing an
error counter or writing a log message.  If the receiver supports the
RDM, it examines the value in the Replay Detection field by using the
procedures in the RDM and in section 5.  If the Replay value is not
valid, the receiver MUST drop the message.
Note that at this point the receiver MUST NOT update its notion of
the last valid Replay Detection value for the sender.  Until the
checksum has been tested, the Replay Detection field cannot be
trusted.  If the receiver trusts the Replay Detection value without
testing the checksum, a malicious host could send a replayed message
with a Replay Detection value that was very high, tricking the
receiver into rejecting legitimate values from the sender.
9.3.  Testing the Checksum
The receiver prepares the packet in order to test the checksum by
setting the 'giaddr' and 'hops' fields to zero, and by setting the
Authentication Information field of the suboption to all zeros.
Using the algorithm and key associated with the sender, the receiver
computes a hash of the message.  The receiver compares the result of
its computation with the value sent.  If the checksums do not match,
the receiver MUST drop the message.  Otherwise, the receiver updates
its notion of the last valid Replay Detection value associated with
the sender and processes the message.
10.  Relay Agent Behavior
DHCP Relay agents are typically configured with the addresses of one
or more DHCP servers.  A relay agent that implements this suboption
requires an algorithm number for each server, as well as appropriate
credentials (i.e., keys).  Relay implementations SHOULD support a
configuration that indicates that all relayed messages should include
the authentication suboption.  Use of the authentication suboption
SHOULD be disabled by default.  Relay agents MAY support
configuration that indicates that certain destination servers support
the authentication suboption and that other servers do not.  Relay
agents MAY support configuration of a single algorithm number and key
to be used with all DHCP servers, or they MAY support configuration
of different algorithms and keys for each server.
10.1.  Receiving Messages from Other Relay Agents
There are network configurations in which one relay agent adds the
relay agent option and then forwards the DHCP message to another
relay agent.  For example, a layer-2 switch might be directly
connected to a client, and it might forward messages to an
aggregating router, which sets giaddr and then forwards the message
to a DHCP server.  When a DHCP relay that implements the
Authentication suboption receives a message, it MAY use the
procedures in section 9 to verify the source of the message before
forwarding it.
10.2.  Sending Messages to Servers
When the relay agent receives a broadcast packet from a client, it
determines which DHCP servers (or other relay agents) should receive
copies of the message.  If the relay agent is configured to include
the Authentication suboption, it determines which Algorithm and RDM
to use, and then it performs the steps in section 8.
10.3.  Receiving Messages from Servers
When the relay agent receives a message, it determines from its
configuration whether it expects the message to contain a relay agent
information option and an Authentication suboption.  The relay agent
MAY be configured to drop response messages that do not contain the
Authentication suboption.  The relay agent then follows the
procedures in section 9.
11.  DHCP Server Behavior
DHCP servers may interact with multiple relay agents.  Server
implementations MAY support a configuration that associates the same
algorithm and key with all relay agents.  Servers MAY support a
configuration that specifies the algorithm and key to use with each
relay agent individually.
11.1.  Receiving Messages from Relay Agents
When a DHCP server that implements the Authentication suboption
receives a message, it performs the steps in section 9.
Stapp & Lemon               Standards Track                    [Page 10]
11.2.  Sending Reply Messages to Relay Agents
When the server has prepared a reply message, it uses the incoming
request message and its configuration to determine whether it should
include a relay agent information option and an Authentication
suboption.  If the server is configured to include the Authentication
suboption, it determines which Algorithm and RDM to use and then
performs the steps in section 8.
This server behavior represents a slight variance from RFC 3046
[1], section 2.2.  The Authentication suboption is not echoed
back from the server to the relay; the server generates its own
suboption.
12.  IANA Considerations
Section 4 defines a new suboption for the DHCP relay agent option
called the Authentication Suboption.  IANA has allocated a new
suboption code from the relay agent option suboption number space.
This specification introduces two new number spaces for the
Authentication suboption's 'Algorithm' and 'Replay Detection Method'
fields.  These number spaces have been created and will be maintained
by IANA.
The Algorithm identifier is a one-byte value.  The Algorithm value 0
is reserved.  The Algorithm value 1 is assigned to the HMAC-SHA1
keyed hash, as defined in section 7.1.  Additional algorithm values
will be allocated and assigned through IETF consensus, as defined in
RFC 2434 [5].
The RDM identifier is a four-bit value.  The RDM value 0 is reserved.
The RDM value 1 is assigned to the use of a monotonically increasing
counter value, as defined in section 5.  Additional RDM values will
be allocated and assigned through IETF consensus, as defined in RFC
2434 [5].
13.  Security Considerations
This specification describes a protocol that adds source
authentication and message integrity protection to the messages
between DHCP relay agents and DHCP servers.
The use of this protocol imposes a new computational burden on relay
agents and servers, because they must perform cryptographic hash
calculations when they send and receive messages.  This burden may
add latency to DHCP message exchanges.  Because relay agents are
involved when clients reboot, periods of very high reboot activity
will result in the largest number of messages that have to be
processed.  During a cable MSO head-end reboot event, for example,
the time required for all clients to be served may increase.
13.1.  The Key ID Field
The Authentication suboption contains a four-byte Key ID, following
the example of the DHCP Authentication RFC.  Other authentication
protocols, such as DNS TSIG [10], use a key name.  A key name is more
flexible and potentially more human readable than a key id.  DHCP
servers may well be configured to use key names for DNS updates using
TSIG, so it might simplify DHCP server configuration if some of the
key management for both protocols could be shared.
On the other hand, it is crucial to minimize the size expansion
caused by the introduction of the relay agent information option.
Named keys would require more physical space and would entail more
complex suboption encoding and parsing implementations.  These
considerations have led us to specify a fixed-length Key ID instead
of a variable-length key name.
13.2.  Protocol Vulnerabilities
Because DHCP is a UDP protocol, messages between relays and servers
may be delivered in an order different from that in which they were
generated.  The replay-detection mechanism will cause receivers to
drop packets that are delivered 'late', leading to client retries.
The retry mechanisms that most clients implement should not cause
this to be an enormous issue, but it will cause senders to do
computational work which will be wasted if their messages are
re-ordered.
The DHC WG has developed two documents describing authentication of
DHCP relay agent options to accommodate the requirements of different
deployment scenarios: this document and "Authentication of Relay
Agent Options Using IPsec" [11].  As we note in section 11, the
Authentication suboption can be used without pairwise keys between
each relay and each DHCP server.  In deployments where IPsec is
readily available and pairwise keys can be managed efficiently, the
use of IPsec as described in that document may be appropriate.  If
IPsec is not available or there are multiple relay agents for which
multiple keys must be managed, the protocol described in this
document may be appropriate.  As is the case whenever two
alternatives are available, local network administration can choose
whichever is more appropriate.  Because the relay agents and the DHCP
server are all in the same administrative domain, the appropriate
mechanism can be configured on all interoperating DHCP server
14.  Acknowledgements
The need for this specification was made clear by comments made by
Thomas Narten and John Schnizlein, and the use of the DHCP
Authentication option format was suggested by Josh Littlefield, at
IETF 53.
[1]  Patrick, M., "DHCP Relay Agent Information Option", RFC 3046,
[2]  Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement
[3]  Krawczyk, H., Bellare, M., and R. Canetti, "HMAC: Keyed-Hashing
[4]  Eastlake 3rd, D. and P. Jones, "US Secure Hash Algorithm 1
(SHA1)", RFC 3174, September 2001.
[5]  Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an IANA
Considerations Section in RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 2434, October 1998.
[6]  Droms, R., "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol", RFC 2131,
[7]  Croft, W. and J. Gilmore, "Bootstrap Protocol", RFC 951,
[8]  Wimer, W., "Clarifications and Extensions for the Bootstrap
Protocol", RFC 1542, October 1993.
[9]  Droms, R. and W. Arbaugh, "Authentication for DHCP Messages",
[10] Vixie, P., Gudmundsson, O., Eastlake 3rd, D., and B. Wellington,
"Secret Key Transaction Authentication for DNS (TSIG)", RFC
[11] Droms, R., "Authentication of Relay Agent Options Using IPsec",
Work in Progress, February 2004.
Mark Stapp
Boxborough, MA  01719
EMail: mjs@cisco.com
950 Charter St.
Redwood City, CA  94063
EMail: Ted.Lemon@nominum.com
This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions
contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors
retain all their rights.
This document and the information contained herein are provided on an
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OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET
ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE
INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to
might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has
made any independent effort to identify any such rights.  Information
on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be
found in BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any
assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an
attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of
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specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at
http://www.ietf.org/ipr.
rights that may cover technology that may be required to implement
this standard.  Please address the information to the IETF at ietf-
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Tags: hunter biden | laptop | important | story | voters | election meddling | corruption
Rasmussen Poll: Majority Says Hunter Biden's Laptop Still Important Story
Hunter Biden attends President Joe Biden's inauguration in January 2021. (Andrew Harnik/AP)
By Charlie McCarthy | Wednesday, 07 September 2022 01:15 PM EDT
Hunter Biden's laptop with emails that exposed possible improprieties in foreign business dealings remains an important story to voters, a Rasmussen Reports survey found.
When asked "How important is the story about Hunter Biden's laptop?" Rasmussen Reports' latest poll revealed 63% of likely voters said the story is "important," including 44% saying the story is "very important."
A total of 34% said they do not believe the story is important, including 17% who say it is not at all important.
Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg recently said a warning from the FBI about "Russian propaganda" caused the social media giant to censor the story about the first son's laptop in the weeks before the 2020 election.
Nearly half (48%) of likely voters said Joe Biden likely would not have been elected president if the media had fully reported the story about the laptop before the election.
A total of 46% said they did not think the story likely would have changed the election's outcome.
Voters also were asked: "How likely is it that Joe Biden was consulted about and perhaps profited from his son Hunter's overseas business deals including at least one involving a company in mainland China?"
The responses included 62% believing it is likely – including 47% saying it is very likely – that the president was consulted about his son Hunter's overseas business deals.
A total of 33% said it was unlikely Biden was consulted.
The Rasmussen Reports poll found 67% of voters have closely followed news coverage about Hunter Biden, including 38% who have followed the news "very closely."
Among voters who have followed the news about Hunter Biden closely, 77% believe the story about the laptop is very important and 76% think it is very likely that Joe Biden was consulted about Hunter's foreign business deals.
A whopping 85% of Republicans consider the story about Hunter Biden's laptop at least somewhat important. That joined 46% of Democrats and 61% of unaffiliated voters.
A total of 82% of Republicans, 42% of Democrats, and 62% of unaffiliated voters think it is at least somewhat likely that Joe Biden was consulted about and perhaps profited from Hunter's overseas business deals.
As for whether Joe Biden would have won the election if media had covered the laptop story fully, 66% of Republicans, 27% of Democrats, and 50% of unaffiliated voters said it was unlikely.
The Rasmussen Reports survey of 1,000 likely voters was conducted Aug. 31-Sept. 1. It has a margin of error of plus or minus 3 percentage points with a 95% level of confidence.
Trump Slams FBI Raiding Son's 'Living Quarters,' Hunter Biden Double Standard
FBI 'Point Man' Suppressed Intel Provided by Hunter Biden Whistleblower: Report
hunter biden, laptop, important, story, voters, election meddling, corruption


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Lily Truchon
Emily Montgomery, Editor
On November 18th the girls basketball team played their first game of the season vs. Prentice at home. The JV game started at 5:45 and the girls won 15-10. They played great defense and moved the ball very well. The Varsity game started at 7pm, Senior Lily Truchon won the tip and the girls quickly scored in transition. The team continued to gain a lead and won with a final score of 73-42. Junior Emily Montgomery led the team with 24pts, 12reb, and 4ast. Followed by Lily Truchon with 18 pts, 12reb, 7ast, and 5 stl. Junior Kiley Mueller was the third leading scorer and tallied up 15pts, 7reb, 4ast, and 5 stl.
"I felt the game was very successful in many aspects. Team chemistry seemed to thrive and we worked better together."- Kiley Mueller, Prentice game
Their second game of the season was vs. LCO at home on Friday, December 2nd. There was only a varsity game that started at 6:30pm. The cardinals took a lead very early and held the lead throughout the whole game. Lily Truchon led all scores with 31 pts, 8reb, 10stl, 6ast. Emily Montgomery was second with 24pts, 6reb, 3stl, 4ast. Faith Langley scored 8 pts, and Kiley Mueller also contributed 7pts, 3reb, 9stl, 2ast. Congratulations on both of the wins cardinals!
The JV team huddles before the game


EnSync Energy Systems has a lot of interesting concepts for residential and commercial distributed energy resource (DER) systems and Internet of Energy (IOE) control platforms. Its latest deployment is coming via a partnership with WindStax Energy to build a microgrid at a new PITT OHIO trucking terminal in Parma, Ohio.
The microgrid will utilize both solar energy and wind energy generation through a 495-kilowatt (kW) photovoltaic system and eight six-story-tall vertical wind turbines that add 48 kW to the system. These resources will be integrated with EnSync Energy's DER SuperModule, which houses 730 kWh of energy storage, the Matrix Energy Management system and DER Flex IOE software platform for system command, communication and control. The system will enable the sustainability-minded trucking company to participate in net metering programs, while also providing backup energy during grid disturbances.


After configuring this blog I wanted to find out how to run some analytics on it before I started actually writing anything on it. Naturally, I'm using Splunk.
Since Ghost runs on a different port, it handles its own requests and isn't monitored by apache, which runs my site. In order to get the logs from ghost, I needed to pipe the results of the process to a file. Normally Ghost outputs the requests for resources (e.g. this page, an image) to standard output. Editing /etc/rc.local on my Ubuntu 14 AWS server to this is what I decided on.
Now, all the access requests to this blog get logged to a file and I can monitor this file from Splunk. Then I'll be able to make visualizations like the one below with data that is seperate from my website, only for this blog.
The viz below is showing where people are accessing my website from, colored by city.


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Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology
Revolutionary advances in technology have made imaging research and subsequent breakthroughs extremely exciting. In step with these advancements, the Mount Sinai Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology supports imaging research in multiple specialties including cardiology, psychiatry, neurology, otolaryngology, hepatology, oncology, and information technology. In fact, our Clinical Translation Science Award core grant supports pilot projects for all specialties.
Our research programs specialize in cardiovascular disease, central nervous system disorders and advanced neuroanatomy, functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), head and neck cancer characterization, cancer screening and early detection, liver disease imaging, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in oncology, interventional radiology, and information technology connectivity. Our state of the art imaging research facility houses a 3T and 7T MRI, PET-MRI, spectral computed tomography (CT), and small animals 7T and 9.4T MRI systems.
Our mission is to provide quality clinical care and service while fostering high standards of excellence in teaching and research. Our clinician radiologists use state-of-the-art equipment to provide first-rate patient care. Our technologists and nurses ensure the safety and comfort of patients using the utmost skill and compassion. Our radiologists accurately interpret and distribute results in a timely fashion using advanced picture archiving and communication system technology.
The Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology is committed to training the radiologists of the future. Following an internship, radiologists-in-training complete four years of residency and usually a fifth year of fellowship in a specialized area of radiology. These specialty areas include neuroradiology, interventional radiology, body imaging, musculoskeletal radiology, or breast or pediatric imaging. We also teach medical students and physicians in practice through continuing medical education courses.
The innovative strides we have made to enhance the safety and efficacy of our diagnoses relate in part to the extraordinary advances taking place in radiology. Our radiologists conduct MRI, CT, ultrasound, angiography, and single-photon and PET scans. Mount Sinai physicians use the results of these tests to diagnose diseases of the brain, neck, spine, chest, abdomen, pelvis, bones, and joints.
The Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology's connection to advances in imaging, diagnosis, and high-resolution anatomic lesion detection continues to grow. Through the use of imaging, the department plays a pivotal role in the early detection of cardiovascular disease, breast cancer, and lung cancer as well as a leadership role in minimally invasive therapy.
Radiologists at Mount Sinai Health System provide advanced informatics to improve the experience of patients and referring physicians. This role as a primary integrator, storer, and distributor of medical information comes naturally to radiology because images will likely compose 30 to 40 percent of the electronic medical records of the future.
The Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology at The Mount Sinai Health System welcomes your interest and your inquiries.
Burton P. Drayer, MD
Professor and Chair, Department of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology
Radiology Clinical Services
Offering an array of advanced clinical services
Lung Screening Program
Early detection improves the prognosis
Advancing the treatment experience through research
Tisch Cancer Center
Developing innovative and translational research programs
Radiology Residencies and Fellowships
Katharina Wang
Icahn School of Medicine
Katharina.wang@mountsinai.org
One Gustave L. Levy Place


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Action 2004 Windows La Plata Studios Rpg
Dark futures indeed
Taking its cues from games such as Diablo and Fallout, Restricted Area is a pretty decent little action RPG which manages to copy its inspirations fairly well, but which is just a little too grindy for its own good. The game takes place in the year 2083 in a world which is familiar from sci-fi movies like Blade Runner, where corporations rule, a persistent fog hangs over everything, and rogue assassins, mutants, and robots roam the streets. A war has broken out between the seven biggest corporations and after choosing one of four different characters, each with their own backstories and motivations for becoming involved in the conflict, you will find your own way through these dark times. What follows is an action-heavy RPG, with the four available characters being a hacker, a mercenary, a yakuza warrior, and a psychic, but which also features some dialogue-driven sections, where your choices will affect how the story progresses. This being an RPG, there are plenty of customization options, and you'll gain access to new gear and skills as you progress through the various missions. For a Diablo-style game, this is certainly not bad stuff. The story aspect is surprisingly well done, being quite compelling and enjoyable. The gameplay is integrated into the narrative with equal skill, and the combat comes at you hard and fast, making for a reasonably intense time. However, the general lack of variety and depth soon becomes apparent, so this is perhaps best left for diehard genre fans.
Games related to Restricted Area
Legendo's The Three Musketeers (2005)
Airborne Troops (2005)
Marine Heavy Gunner: Vietnam (2004)
Disney's Chicken Little (2005)
R.I.P. (2005)
Equilibria (2003)
Gearz (2004)
Thunderbolt II (2004)
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Names and marks of all the games belong to their respective owners.
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Excessive cholesterol in bloodstream (shown in illustration) can lead to atherosclerotic CVD.
The CME/CE featured course entitled, "Using ATP IV guidance to predict and manage CVD," which appeared in the January issue of The Clinical Advisor, incorrectly referred to the updated ACC/AHA guideline as "ATP IV." The correct title of the guideline is "2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in Adults." We have reposted the Post-Test for anybody seeking CME/CE credit and apologize for any inconvenience.
Click this link to be redirected to the post-test.


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Reducing barriers to data access for research in the public interest—lessons from covid-19
The covid-19 outbreak has sparked increased awareness of the importance of timely, system-wide data for examining trends and modelling different scenarios to inform policy response. [1-5] The scale and speed of data access and use has been unprecedented in public health history. Pre-print articles sharing results before peer review have proliferated (with implications for research quality) and over 500 vaccine and treatment clinical trials have been initiated in record time. [6-8] The entire economy of knowledge production related to covid-19 has been accelerated, with the understanding that, if we wait for perfect information before acting, we will be too late. Covid-19 is providing valuable lessons on improving data access and the importance of using data for efficient and effective service response.
This situation contrasts sharply with the cumbersome processes usually faced by researchers using administrative (or routinely collected) health data to inform policy making on other topics, resulting from systems that are not purpose-built for research and summarised by four key obstacles.
First, the cost of using administrative data is prohibitive. For example, a non-commercial license for GP data through the Clinical Practice Research Datalink costs £75,000, and roughly double with linked socioeconomic and hospital data. [9,10] Second, there are lengthy approval processes (up to one year) even for de-identified data posing little risk to confidentiality: researchers are required to demonstrate scientific quality and public benefit in applications to data providers and governance bodies, even when these important aspects have already been assessed by peer review and funders. While appropriate governance is important for protecting confidentiality and preserving public trust, approval processes are not streamlined and timelines do not reflect expectations of the public. [11,12] Access to UK-wide data is particularly problematic due to different approval processes in different countries. Third, standard datasets are finalised several months after the time period covered, and inefficiencies in releasing data to researchers mean that it can take many months to receive them. [13] These delays hinder the rapid production of results to inform policy in a timely way. Lastly, data access is inefficient: most data providers mandate the hosting of data in specified secure settings, often involving travel outside of usual research environments, with limited computing capacity, restricted hours and software. [14] All these obstacles become exponentially greater for cross-sectoral linkage of administrative datasets, for which clear legal pathways for access may not exist. [15-17]
Pre-covid-19, these problems caused substantial delays to analysing and reporting results on research in the public interest – delays which have been exacerbated since the start of the pandemic, due to the divergence of resources from non-covid-related areas. Important research simply is not done when access is refused or when timelines jeopardise grant funding. Considerable opportunity costs are associated with non-use of health data and delayed evaluations of public programmes, leading to a lack of evidence to inform more effective and equitable services, and to save lives (as well as money).18
Covid-19 has highlighted the fundamental limitations of existing systems, and has sparked innovation for supporting data access. For example, the need for approval under Regulation 3(4) of the Health Service Control of Patient Information Regulations 2002 has been suspended by the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care for specific covid-19 related research projects, as the public benefit from this research is clear. [19] The Office for National Statistics has enabled temporary remote access to data during the covid-19 lockdown, exercising additional flexibility within the scope of regulations, albeit with logistical challenges. [20] Existing research studies such as UK Biobank have been granted new access to data sources. [21] However, these changes are too little and too late. When we reach the "new normal," we should not return to business-as-usual, but instead take heed of lessons learned during the pandemic and rebalance the public benefits of wider data use against numerous existing barriers. We recommend the following measures:
Reduce costs of administrative data access to researchers through core government funding for data processing, linkage and curation (avoiding cost-recovery models). This would enable more researchers to address questions in the public interest. This is already possible in some sectors, as demonstrated by the Department for Education for England and Wales, and in Sweden, where two thirds of MONA data system costs are centrally funded. [22]
Simplify approval processes for de-identified data access through standardised guidance on necessary approvals proportionate to identification risk. Approval processes should be streamlined across organisations, including for demonstration of public benefit. [23]
Reduce data release delays through increased capacity and more specialised data providers. Independent, accredited data providers should be created, with expert processing and disseminating capacity, knowledge of how data are used in research, and understanding of how best to prepare and deliver datasets to researchers (emulating the successful Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank in Wales). [24,25] Innovations that have allowed more timely data release during covid-19, such as the OpenSAFELY collaborative or more frequent releases of GP and hospital data, should continue and be made available to researchers to allow timely research on many topics. [26] Timely data release should not compromise quality, and organisations providing data should adhere to transparent and efficient response times. [15]
Enable more efficient data use through remote systems that comply with data protection requirements. [27] E-infrastructure must be improved to enable rapid data extraction and analysis.
In addition, better data collection should be established for community services and social care, and household-based cohorts, among others. [28,29] This would have facilitated tracking of transmission patterns during covid-19, and is equally important for a range of other public health topics.
Underpinning all the above, public trust and understanding is essential if researchers are to continue to use administrative data, and we should harness the surge in realisation of the value of data for decision-making resulting from covid-19. [30] Public engagement and involvement should be included "by design and default" within systems for data access, via individual research projects and high-profile national engagement campaigns. [15]
Covid-19 has demonstrated the value of timely data sharing, while highlighting flaws in UK data access systems that prevent agile and responsive research. Although these concerns have been communicated to the government previously, it was not until covid-19 that the potential impact was realised and actions taken. [29,31] However, the implications are no less critical for other public health topics. The potential risks involved in the use of administrative data will always need to be carefully considered, but covid-19 has shown that increased capacity and political will can successfully simplify approval processes, reduce delays and enable more efficient data access whilst respecting data protection principles. Building on the substantial interest in health data—and appreciation of its complexities—arising from the pandemic, we urge the government and data providers to learn the lessons of covid-19, and to work with the research community to build data access systems that are timely, resilient and responsive to changing local, national, and international contexts. Data providers need to fulfil their social licence with the public to use administrative data from the public, to benefit the public. [32,33] Covid-19 shows this can be done—it needs to continue.
Francesca Cavallaro is a research fellow at the Institute of Child Health, University College London
Fiona Lugg-Widger is a research fellow in routine data at the Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University
Rebecca Cannings-John is a senior research fellow in statistics at the Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University
Katie Harron is associate professor in statistics at the Institute of Child Health, University College London
Competing interests: None declared
on behalf of the signatories (see comment below for the full list of 374 signatories)
This piece was first published as an open letter was sent to the UK Information Commissioner, Chief Medical Officers of the UK, and UK data providers, and signed by 374 signatories.
Ferguson NM, Laydon D, Nedjati-Gilani G, et al. Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to reduce COVID-19 mortality and healthcare demand, 16-03-2020.
Lai A, Pasea L, Banerjee A, et al. Estimating excess mortality in people with cancer and multimorbidity in the COVID-19 emergency, 2020.
LSHTM Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases. Covid-19. 2020. https://cmmid.github.io/topics/covid19/.
Financial Times. Coronavirus tracked: the latest figures as countries fight to contain the pandemic | Free to read. 2020. https://www.ft.com/coronavirus-latest.
UKRI. Research questions for covid-19 [priority research questions for the UKRI COVID-19 funding call]. 2020. https://www.ukri.org/files/research-questions-for-covid-19/.
Kwon D. How swamped preprint servers are blocking bad coronavirus research. Nature 2020;581:130-31.
Glasziou PP, Sanders S, Hoffmann T. Waste in covid-19 research. Bmj 2020;369:m1847.
TranspariMED. All Covid-19 clinical trials at a glance. 2020. https://www.transparimed.org/single-post/2020/03/27/COVID-19-clinical-trials-information-sources.
CPRD. Pricing. https://www.cprd.com/pricing.
CPRD. CPRD linked data. https://www.cprd.com/linked-data.
Ford E, Boyd A, Bowles JKF, et al. Our data, our society, our health: A vision for inclusive and transparent health data science in the United Kingdom and beyond. Learning Health Systems 2019;3(3):e10191.
usemydata.org. Patient data –balancing access and protection. All talk and no access? Workshop summary. 2019. http://www.usemydata.org/resources/use%20MY%20data%20workshop_Patient%20data%20-%20balancing%20access%20and%20protection%20-%20summary.pdf?LMCL=BNAjvL.
Dattani N, Hardelid P, Davey J, et al. Accessing electronic administrative health data for research takes time. Arch Dis Child 2013;98(5):391-2.
Harper G. Linkage of Maternity Hospital Episode Statistics data to birth registration and notification records for births in England 2005–2014: Quality assurance of linkage of routine data for singleton and multiple births. BMJ Open 2018;8(3):e017898.
Mourby M, Doidge J, Jones KH, et al. Health Data Linkage for UK Public Interest Research: Key Obstacles and Solutions. IJPDS 2019;4(1):09.
Morris H, Lanati S, Gilbert R. Challenges of administrative data linkages: experiences of Administrative Data Research Centre for England (ADRC-E). IJPDS 2018;3(2).
Downs JM, Ford T, Stewart R, et al. An approach to linking education, social care and electronic health records for children and young people in South London: a linkage study of child and adolescent mental health service data. BMJ Open 2019;9(1):e024355.
Jones KH, Laurie G, Stevens L, et al. The other side of the coin: Harm due to the non-use of health-related data. International journal of medical informatics 2017;97:43-51.
UK Government. Coronavirus (COVID-19): notification to organisations to share information 2020. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/coronavirus-covid-19-notification-of-data-controllers-to-share-information
Office for National Statistics. Accessing secure research data as an accredited researcher – 1. COVID-19 update 2020. https://www.ons.gov.uk/aboutus/whatwedo/statistics/requestingstatistics/approvedresearcherscheme.
UK Biobank. UK Biobank makes health data available to tackle COVID-19. 2020. https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/2020/04/covid/.
Swedish Research Council (VR). Evaluation of the MONA system (Microdata Online Access). 2014. https://www.vr.se/english/analysis/reports/our-reports/2014-03-10-evaluation-of-the-mona-system.html.
Lugg-Widger F, Angel L, Cannings-John R, et al. Challenges in accessing routinely collected data from multiple providers in the UK for primary studies: Managing the morass. International Journal of Population Data Science 2018;3(3).
Golan EH. Sustainability and migration: experiments from the Senegalese peanut basin. The Annals of regional science 1994;28(1):91-106.
Buchan I. National Grid of Civic Data Cooperatives for Health in Health of the Nation, All Party Parliamentary Advisory Group on Longevity. 2020. https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3Aa0271ed8-f813-4bb3-a0e4-342ab024e58f#pageNum=1.
OpenSAFELY. Home. https://opensafely.org/.
Informati Commissioner's Office. Guide to the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-data-protection/guide-to-the-general-data-protection-regulation-gdpr/.
Rodgers SE, Lyons RA, Dsilva R, et al. Residential Anonymous Linking Fields (RALFs): a novel information infrastructure to study the interaction between the environment and individuals' health. Journal of Public Health 2009;31(4):582-88.
Lugg-Widger F, Hood K, Robling M. Written evidence submitted by Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University (DIG0006). 2018. http://data.parliament.uk/writtenevidence/committeeevidence.svc/evidencedocument/science-and-technology-committee/digital-government/written/90379.html.
Understanding Patient Data. https://understandingpatientdata.org.uk/.
Strategic Coordination of the Health of the Public Research (SCHOPR). Letter from the Independent Chair, on behalf of SCHOPR members, to the UK Chief Medical Officers; July 2019. https://acmedsci.ac.uk/file-download/70826993.
Carter P, Laurie GT, Dixon-Woods M. The social licence for research: why 'care.data' ran into trouble. Journal of Medical Ethics 2015;41(5):404-09.
Paprica PA, de Melo MN, Schull MJ. Social licence and the general public's attitudes toward research based on linked administrative health data: a qualitative study. CMAJ Open 2019;7(1):E40-E46.
Mary Ford Neal: Health professionals' rights at risk when Parliament debates Domestic Abuse Bill
Kimberly Sue: Behind covid-19's surges and spikes are people struggling to provide care


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70 Any order of the Governor in Council made pursuant to subsection 69(3) and all reports and evidence relating thereto shall be laid before Parliament within fifteen days after that order is made or, if Parliament is not then sitting, on any of the first fifteen days next thereafter that either House of Parliament is sitting.
71 Nothing in, or done or omitted to be done under the authority of, any of sections 63 to 70 affects any power, right or duty of the House of Commons, the Senate or the Governor in Council in relation to the removal from office of a judge, a prothonotary of the Federal Court or any other person in relation to whom an inquiry may be conducted under any of those sections.
2014, c. 39, s. 327.
73 There shall be an officer, called the Commissioner for Federal Judicial Affairs, who shall have the rank and status of a deputy head of a department and who shall be appointed by the Governor in Council after consultation by the Minister with the Council or such committee thereof as is named for the purpose by the Council.
1976-77, c. 25, s. 17.
(d) do such other things as the Minister may require in connection with any matter or matters falling, by law, within the Minister's responsibilities for the proper functioning of the judicial system in Canada.
(2) It is hereby declared for greater certainty that such of the duties and functions of the Minister as are, by paragraphs (1)(a) to (d), subject to be performed by the Commissioner do not form part of the duties and functions assigned to the Minister by the Department of Justice Act .
2002, c. 8, s. 108.
75 (1) The duties and functions described in paragraphs 74(1)(a) to (c) shall, in relation to the Supreme Court of Canada and the judges thereof, be carried out by the Registrar of the Court, who may, for that purpose, utilize the services of other persons on the staff of the Court.
(2) The Registrar of the Supreme Court of Canada shall, for the purposes of the Public Service Employment Act and other Acts of Parliament and for purposes relating to the duties and functions of the Registrar under this section, be deemed to be the deputy head of the portion of the federal public administration appointed under subsection 12(2) of the Supreme Court Act .
77 The officers, clerks and employees who are required by the Commissioner to carry out the Commissioner's duties and functions under section 74 shall be appointed under the Public Service Employment Act .
2002, c. 8, s. 110.
78 The Commissioner and the officers, clerks and employees appointed under section 77 shall be a portion of the federal public administration that is separate from the Department of Justice and of which the Commissioner shall be the deputy head.


Of all the articles that I wrote in 2018, the one that I heard the most response from readers about was my 10 Millennial Sports Pet Peeves List. I criticized youngsters about topics such as $14 socks, $200 sneakers, using vs. as a verb, and treating sports video games like they were real games.
A. Technically, the Pew Research Center defines Millennials as people born between 1981 and 1996. I don't have much of a beef against this generation (though you were a bit over-addicted to Nintendo Game Boy and those little Tamagotchi electronic pets).
Pew christened those born after 1996 as Post-Millennials (or Generation Z). To eliminate any confusion, I am going to keep my list simple and timeless by just picking on the teenage population. I just want to be a voice for all of you tired parents out there.
B. I am a self-anointed expert on teen habits. I currently have three high schoolers under my roof, and have observed over 3,000 teens in my 26 years as a teacher and coach.
10. MAGNETIC FOOTBALL GLOVES. From the NFL down to the Pee-Wee leagues, fans and the media love to sensationalize all of the jaw-dropping, one-handed grabs that receivers make. But are these catches really that amazing, considering that their sticky hands would make even Spider-Man envious? Back in the day, the only way that we could enhance our hands was with a little spit. Or maybe sneak some of that Oakland Raiders Stick'em.
9. MEAN STUDENT SECTION CHANTS. High school student sections are more creative and enthusiastic than ever. I particularly enjoy the dress-up theme nights (personal favorite: fictional character night). Student sections have always done a little razzing of their opponents: "air ball" chants, foul shot distractions, etc. But some chants that have now come into vogue are just a bit too cocky and combative for my tastes. Most commonly, they are a four-syllable phrase followed by "clap…clap…clap-clap-clap." "Sit down shut up!" "Why so quiet?" "Let's play football!" Or some other more personally demeaning comment. Eventually, you have a few front-row hotheads in each section ready to rumble. Keep it fun, kids!
8. LOW BAR FOR CELEBRITY STATUS. Becoming a celebrity used to require a significant amount of talent. You know, people such as Pauly Shore. That is no longer true for today's celebs, mostly due to the power of teens, who build celebrity paths by clicking "likes" and/or posting pictures and short videos of random attention-getting things. Now, we have millionaire You-Tubers, reality show stars, and a Kardashian media dynasty.
7. ABANDONING SHIP. Northeast Ohio fans have been spoiled with four consecutive NBA Finals trips, three straight appearances in the MLB playoffs, and nearly perfect Ohio State football seasons. During this winning era, I have noticed that when things start going south for the good guys, teens are much quicker than us old folks to pronounce the team dead and move on to their phones and video games.
6. ROLLED UP BASKETBALL SHORTS. Up until the 1990s, basketball shorts were short. Literally. We hoopsters wore our "Daisy Dukes" with pride (and a little discomfort). Then, in 1991, Michigan's "Fab Five" arrived, and thighs soon disappeared. In recent years, hoops fashion has returned to the shorter style. But instead of just wearing shorts that are shorter, players roll up long shorts at their waistbands several times. That makes it looks like players are wearing flared out bell-bottom shorts.
5. NOT ACTUALLY WATCHING SPORTS. During last year's NCAA tourney, Stephen F. Austin coach Kyle Keller raised eyebrows with this post-game comment: "And the Milllennials today, they don't even watch college basketball. A lot of our guys didn't even know who those cats were because they don't watch the game. They're on their phone and doing that kind of stuff. I hate to say it, but as much as you or I or anybody in here watches the games, they don't. Or the NBA." Drop the mic on that one, coach.
4. INSTANT MOVIE ACCESS. It used to be that if you wanted to watch a movie, you went to the theater. If you wanted to re-watch that movie, you either returned to the theater, or waited three years or so for it to make a rare TV appearance. By the mid-1980s, VCRs (and later, DVDs) greatly expanded movie access. But of course, you had to physically possess the VHS tape to watch it (after waiting a year for the movie to be released on VHS).
Nowadays, Netflix and other on-demand sites give teens almost any movie or show at their fingertips. They can even watch them on their phone. With so many viewing options, kids don't have to suffer through watching old re-runs (such as "The Munsters" or "Lost in Space") like we did. Of course, today's kids have to periodically suffer through spotty Wi-Fi issues.
3. FLAT-BILLED CAPS. For baseball players, there used to be a fine art to bending and rounding the bill of a new ball cap. Wearing it flat was pretty much a kiss of death reputation-wise. Today, it is the complete opposite. Kid's bills are flatter than Kyrie Irving's planet of residence.
2. CROSS-OVER OVERHYPE. Ever wonder why a student section lets out a big scream during a game when nothing apparently happened? It's likely that a ball-handler did a cross-over dribble that somewhat faked out a defender. Oftentimes, it wasn't even much of a move, but just a defender slipping. I find all of this irritating because it just celebrates showing up your opponent.
1. MONEY FOR VIRTUALLY NOTHING. Most of you are aware that Fortnite is a video game passion for much of the teen population. What you might not know is that these kids often pay $5 to $20 for a "skin," which is a cool-looking outfit for their character to wear during the game. The skins don't help them at all. They just look good. And many players have shelled out enough dollars for a virtual-closet full of skins.
Don't take this list personal, teens. Old, grumpy people like me need to vent and have a little fun once in a while. When we were in school, our parents complained about our own laziness, fashion choices, and technology addictions.
Someday, you will growl at your kids to put down their remotes and go outside to play. It just better not be to put on tech goggles and go "virtual-outside." If so, keep your virtual kids off your old neighbor's virtual lawn.


One man's heartbreaker is another man's heartthrob.
But this is a column for weepers to reflect, so you were on the correct side of these wagers, you may want to count your money somewhere else.
For the rest of us, let's look at a couple of the painful memories from this past weekend.
LSU backers may argue this wasn't a bad beat. Like beauty, bad beats are in the eye of the beholder. But since I had a big play on Auburn in this game, I personally found it to be pretty ugly.
Auburn carried the momentum into halftime with a 14-3 lead, but found itself down 20-14 in the second half. The Tigers scored the go-ahead score with roughly six minutes remaining to make it 21-20. The clock ticked down and LSU had the ball well within field-goal range and barely over a minute remaining.
The dagger came on first down when Jarrett Lee threw an 18-yard TD pass and LSU would go on to miss the 2-point convert and win by five points.
I know the Bears were a popular pick and received two different emails asking me to include this game in this week's column.
For the second straight week, the Bears took a lead into the fourth quarter. It appeared they'd learned their lesson from the previous week after blowing a late lead to Carolina and they extended that lead to 24-14 against the Bucs.
Former Bear Brian Griese led his new team to a huge fourth-quarter comeback and the Bucs scored the game-tying touchdown with seven seconds left in regulation.
Several mistakes hurt the Bears in overtime and the Bucs came away with the 3-point victory.
Griese attempted a franchise-record 67 passes (completed 38) and threw for more than 400 yards.