I recently visited Polyface Farms in Virginia's Shenandoah Valley. For those not familiar with the farm, run by Joel Salatin, I suggest the book Omnivore's Dilemma, which gives a great description of it.
What makes Polyface so interesting is the complete disregard for modern industrial farming practices. Joel makes a big deal about the moral aspects of his farming, and I have to say that, after seeing it myself, I have to agree. If I ate meat, I would only eat meat from Polyface. What makes the place so amazing is the symbiosis between the land and the animals.
That of course does not make it perfect. In fact, my visit has only confirmed my fears that Polyface, despite the claims of Joel, is not a sustainable or scalable model. Beyond the problem that the Shenandoah Valley is a very unique and amazing place to farm, the method is not as clean as many would like to believe. What follows are some photos and notes from the tour.
The eggs are laid by hens in the "egg mobile", who are totally free to move around.
Here we see Joel moving the broiler cages. All of the chickens feed off the land with a supplemental protein feed mix. Moving the cage ensures that the animals are picking up fresh bugs, etc. from the ground, as well as interacting with the land in a more natural way than factory farmed chickens. There's no wasted time or infrastructure from scooping chicken waste.
While its great that the birds have actual contact with grass, it's not sustainable. Polyface does not raise the birds in winter, and so must buy eggs from other farms to replenish their stock each year. Each chicken on the farm was thus the child of a factory raised bird. Without a (very) small scale home farm, there's no way to keep the chickens 365 days a year like this.
So, buying Polyface chickens is best for the birds on Polyface farms, but it still means a factory life, and the promotion of a factory life, for other birds.
Here we see Joel with his prized cattle. These are 100% grass fed for their entire lives. From watching them slowly move across the land, its not a bad life either.
Like all of the animals on Polyface, the cattle are a natural part of the land, not something that simply extracts from it, but also adding back. There are though at least three major problems with this system of raising animals.
First, as I have previously mentioned, there is the problem of land needed to raise cattle. In a factory farm, cows live for 400 days, yield 300 kgs of beef and requires 20.9 square meters of land per kg of beef. That's about 1.5 acres per cow per 400 days.
According to Joel (from the best of three answers I got about the raising of the animals), the land needs for the cattle on Polyface is 400 cow days per acre. The problem is that time to slaughter on Polyface takes 20-29 months. That's twice the lifespan of a factory cow, and so they take 33% more land. Pastoral cattle though normally produce about half the meat of a factory farm cattle, which makes this even worse. I don't know the final weight of the animal at Polyface, but this means a pound of Polyface beef takes at least 33% to as much as 167% as much land to produce. Given we are already using a lot of land to produce the meat people are already eating, this would not be a sustainable increase.
Second, in conjunction with the land needs, and along with the added costs of 100% grass farming, there is the price. A pound of beef at Polyface starts at $4.25 for ground beef and goes up from there. Average ground beef in the U.S. is about $2.50, going as low as $1.00.
The benefit of this is that Polyface beef is probably priced much closer to the real social price of beef, so I have no problem with the price. Scaling up of such a program, which Joel thinks is feasible, means that the days of $1 burgers at McDonalds would be gone. Again, fine with me, but there is no way Americans will be able to afford the amount of beef they eat now.
Finally, there is the environmental impact of the cows. I have gotten some letters from grass farmers in California and have responded to some concerns in the latest Scientific American letters section. The short of it is that pastoral cows are in fact still a major source of greenhouse gases, and they do not solve environmental issues.
One interesting note from Joel on the tour was his reference to the environmental benefits of grass farming. Specifically, to Carbon Farmers of America. This is where I must point out the disappointing part of Joel's rhetorical technique: his hatred of science, and (despite this) his dealing in absolutes.
During the tour, Joel made the claim that grass farming can sequester all of the carbon mankind is producing. This makes his farming method something of a panacea for the environment. Sadly, there is no evidence that sequestration works, or that grass farming can solve so much. The science is weak, and the numbers don't add up.
Despite my above critiques, I stand by the farming methods of Polyface farms, but not for the reasons Joel and other grass farmers would have us believe. 300 million Americans cannot each eat 92 pounds of beef a year and get it from environmentally or morally friendly sources. Polyface is the only future of farming that has any moral grounding, and it means everyone eats a lot less meat.
I'm not convinced that even this farm has much moral grounding. Any form of farming which involves using animals for food, entertainment or clothing ultimately ends up in some form of moral problem.
I have been reading more and more by Gary Francione (http://www.abolitionistapproach.com/) and am getting increasingly convinced that any ownership of animals (i.e. violating their right not to be owned) is morally apprehensible.
There have been some moves in the UK (where I am from) with live-stock free organic farming. http://www.stockfreeorganic.net/ - which seems better than most.
Unfortunately - I don't think the moral issue is going to sway most of the Western World - price is proabably the influential thing (the health consequences of high red meat / fat intake doesn't seem to put off most people)- and in that light it is pretty difficult to think of a solution, that involves rearing animals but doesn't involve battery farmed animals.
I think the best possible solution to the farming problem is to develop sufficiently tasty/substitutable plant based alterantives to meat that are sufficiently satisfactory and affordable for most non-vegetarian Westerners - that most will be willing to eat them most of the year, and only indulge in real meat as a premium. There have been some developments with companies such as Next Generation Gourmet http://www.nextgenerationgourmet.com/ - whose products many non-vegetarians have preferred to the meat-based alternative in blind taste tests.
In practical terms - I think that this may be difficult to achieve - at least for white meat. Battery (broiler) chickens are incredibly efficient animals from a economic perspective. They may consume 1.6-2kg of food, and have a weight of 1kg at the end of it - and it will be pretty hard to develop a plant based alternative that efficient.
Plant based alternatives to red meat may be a much more affordable and viable solution.
I think you make some good points. Polyface is clearly a better model than anything in factory farming. However, you touched on one of the two ways that our farming values differ from theirs, and that is in raising all of our own animals.
As you said, Polyface buys mail-order chicks. It also buys weaner pigs, choosing not to breed them, as well as turkey poults and many cows from sale barns. To me, that is not sustainable, and it's slightly hypocritical to say, as Joel does, that it's not sustainable to FedEx a steak, but it is sustainable to mail day old chicks. We've decided to breed every animal on the farm and produce only what we can raise. That means dealing with pigs birthing naturally in the woods, incubating eggs, etc.
The second difference in our model is an emphasis on rare/heritage breeds. If you are REALLY serous about mimicking nature, as we are, you need breeds that can thrive in a natural setting. Sorry, that isn't the "pink pig" or the Cornish X chicken. It's slow growing, heritage breeds such as Ossabaw pigs, Poulet Rouge chickens and Bourbon Red turkeys. While they grow more slowly, they breed well naturally, convert forage to protein and taste spectacular.
Finally, I understand your point about perhaps not being able to feed the nation with this model. I don't agree with you. We simply need more farmers, and prices need to reflect the REAL cost of food production (read: kill subsidies). If we can encourage more people to farm the way we do and more people to eat locally, we'll all be better for it.
I think in your analysis of the beef farming you are missing one of the main benefits of polyfarms rotation system. Mainly that the beef are in turn providing protein for the chickens through fly larvae in the manure.
I wonder how the math works out when you add in the chicken feed.
I'm impressed w/the objectivity of your report. Food and morals don't add up; so it should be left out of the equation (especially when we think about how most of the people of the world are thinking about their 1 meal a day). But you touched on the real issue w/ "natural farming" and it just doesnt add up. With the advent of industrial farming along with globalization, and population growth... its very difficult to rationalize this type of farm. Even bio-farms which are supposed to be carbon-free and completely natural are hard pressed to meet this reality (of supply meeting demand). I'm glad you touched on this, because most people don't.
Where can I buy Polyface Farm meats?
I really appreciate your insights, Nathan. I love reading 'other' thoughts and idea's on issues in order to round out my own stand on things.
Several things about your post stood out to me though.
You seem to come from a perspective that people should either be vegetarians or eat significantly less meat than they presently do.
I have to say, that although I myself have been 'ecologically aware' since childhood, and have served on numerous 'green' committee's, I worry when my brethren push their way of thinking on others. To say it would be good to get rid of McDonald's $1.00 burgers or experience meat prices so high they would be forced to reduce their meat intake signifies an "I know what's best for everyone else" attitude.
This reminds me of fundamental religious and American Evangelicals specifically - "there's only One Way and it's OURS."
What I have personally learned from my own journey with health issues and learning to eat in a way that keeps my body whole is to remove all: dairy, sugar, wheat and other grains, (humans weren't made to digest these properly),and corn products - especially high fructose corn syrup.
This works for me. After a lot of scientific study, I learned my asthma and type-2 diabetes (not weight related - most probably from all the steroids for the asthma) were made much worse by the above products, most of which create inflammation in the body.
My point is, although this eating plan works for me - fresh fruit, vegetables and meat - it will probably never be the choice of most people. That's okay. I'm only answerable to myself. Adding judgment to others choices is uncool and doesn't allow people to evolve their thinking in their own way and time.
There is no perfect plan out there for anything. Polyface Farms offers a model that family units CAN follow. Imagine communties where gardening and animal/meat raising were shared. It could help heal the land and human bodies at the same time!
Again, I appreciate your thoughts, but encourage you to remember that freedom of choice is the greatest gift of all and when people come across as the experts of what is best for everyone else, the backlash of refusal to even look at change is great.
You disputed many of Polyface Farms claims of sustainability. You said Joel "rejected science" or that the "math doesn't add up" but you offered now numbers or science to back up your claims. From what I know about Polyface farms their model is sustainable if you consume a more moderate amount of meat. The way you talked about their inefficiency it almost seemed as if you were promoting factory farming or feed lots.
One of the reason we eat so much and get so fat as a nation is all the supplements that are added to animal feeds. These supplements make livestock hungry so that they will eat more and grow to market size faster. You eat these supplements when you eat feedlot/factory meats, as well as being exposed to all kinds of weird stuff when you eat chemically fertilized farm produce. It should be obvious to all that our present food system tends to make people overeat and gain weight often to the point of being grossly obese.
It doesn't increase the cost of feeding a person either in cash or in acreage if the person ends up eating significantly less and having better health to boot. Please show me how the overweight people of Huntington WVa benefit economically from eating as much as they do. It is cheap low quality food that helps lock them in their unhealthy poverty.
I agree with the others in my appreciation for this thought provoking article. It's good to remain a critical thinker, especially when feeling enamoured with a person, method, or a philosophy. But after considering carefully your criticisms, I find there is an important factor you may not have considered. That factor is the grass.
In a CAFO, the cows take far less land, but what they take they destroy, and the concentration of cattle creates pollution out their wazzus. Worse, they are fed grain from crops that were grown with chemical fertilizers requiring huge amounts of fossil fuels in their production. In this system you have a carbon problem in one end and out the other.
But the land you speak of, that Joel's cows are taking so much of, is full of CO2 hungry grass. The grass cleans the air while feeding the cows and the cows in turn, feed the grass right back, as well as the chickens.
It ends up being at least a carbon neutral situation, where cows are pastured and managed to keep the grass healthy and vibrant, and cows properly managed in their grazing help this happen.
I don't mean to sound obvious, but trees and forests aren't the only flora responsible for keeping the air clean.
And conversly, animals raised for food aren't the only big dinner table polluters. Veggies raised in monoculture pollute as well.
Both plants and animals, whether raised for our food, or in their natural environment, feed eachother with what would otherwise become wasteful pollutants.
You raise a concern about the amount of land that grass-fed beef requires, as if this is neccesarily bad. In the West we call it "protecting open space". There is a lot of land out there that is grazed by cattle, and the real problem in my eyes is that too much of it is getting converted to higher-intensity land uses like irrigated, fertilized cropland, or paved suburbs with cars, lawns, dry cleaners, mechanics, ... I'd like to see the carbon impact of an acre of grassland compared to the acre you or I live on.
@Sagar Shah: Not everyone shares your view that eating animals is morally wrong, lions and sharks included in that list. The impressive thing about Polyface is the respect they have for their animals in comparison to the American (and English for that matter) food industry. To say that "any form of farming which involves using animals for food...ultimately ends up in some sort of moral problem" is a judgment position, that frankly, you don't have the right to make...at least not in this country.
Bettybadass, the main way that cattle is affecting the "air" is not through the CO2, but through the methane they emit. Looking at theCO2 balance alone makes no sense.
Thank you for sharing your thoughts about Polyface, I'm a student of agroecology in Sweden and I've long been cautiously impressed by it, but am becoming increasingly skeptical. Interesting ideas, nonetheless.
This post, while honest, is off-base. Sure, the numbers are not precise for carbon sequestration in managed grasslands...*yet*. Of course, there will be variability from operation to operation. Yet, the basic fact of sequestration is well-known- such eminent grassland scientists as David Tilman have started putting numbers to it. And guess what? It adds up.
There are many documented cases now, with the verification of soil scientists, of grazing systems sequestering carbon in large amounts: *READ* larger than the amount of CO2 equivalents put out by the cows.
Furthermore, the agricultural utility and general biodiversity of grazing systems is superior to other land uses, including grain and vegetable agriculture. The amount of land required to grow grain to feed animals is also neglected by the author here.
In short, honest reflection but totally off-base conclusions. Grass-farming *is* a moral good.
As for the view of at least one poster here that critiquing domestic animal centric food systems like Polyface is 'uncool' and simply 'judgemental'...don't be daunted!
The politics of food is EVERY body's business on our finite planet, and thoughtful critiques like yours are absolutely critical.
As for the price of meat or the ability for americans to "afford" to live without the $1 hamburger option... that is just rediclous. Most americans are over weight, over indulged in their "entertainment" and chose to spend there money on things that do absolutely nothing (except maybe harm) for their health (mental and physical). If you can afford to throw your money away on a cable bill, a 6 pack of beer, or soda, or a car over $2000...you can afford to eat meat that isn't going to aide in the countries debt paying for health insurance/aid. And if you can't afford these things... you really ought to be growing your own food to provide something healthy for a truly struggling family.
I agree it is not a perfect set up and ideally heritage breeds would be best, but the consumer needs to demand this. He wouldn't even be known (because he would be out of business) if he grew things that no one would buy.
I would argue with your comments about Americans not being able to afford higher food prices. If food prices go up to reflect REAL FOOD VALUES, then we'd all be forced to give up stuff that doesn't really matter - cable TV, iPhones (no, you don't really need one), fancy vacations, dining out, designer jewelry, $50,000 autos, tattoos, piercings, fancy hairstyles, etc. It's time America wakes up to what's important in this world. I think higher food prices that would allow the support of small-scale sustainable farming would be a damn good start.
You remind me of my son - who also works(ed) for the World Bank.
When we all line up on Judgement Day (whoever happens to be in charge), I'd back Joel Salatin to have better prospects than most W Bankers.
I've listened to Salatin in a couple of seminars - and, as best I can tell, the man is what he says he is - and he has thought more deeply about issues than most practical people have time to.
If you want a more sophisticated moral argument about agricultural issues, I would suggest Wendell Berry. His critique of industrial agriculture is devastating - although I fear he also thinks multi-lateral agencies are a part of the problem.
I appreciate the alternative view of what's going on at Polyface, but you numbers don't seem to add up.
400 cow days does not equal the land needs of Joel's cattle. It means that an acre of his pasture can support 400 cows for one days grazing needs. If one cow lives for 870 days (approx. 29 months) that equals 2.175 acres. If only 600 days (approx. 20 months) that would be 1.5 acres, the exact same as the number given for factory cattle. Not to mention that this produces a superior product in every possible way.
Additionally, the pasture is not dedicated solely to cattle but is part of a larger system that incorporates chickens, turkeys, rabbits, etc. Such a system easily makes up for the more lean cattle produced, meaning that the calories produced per acre are greater than the factory cattle acres.
Also, methane production in pastured cattle is half that of a feedlot, not to mention the reduced emissions of CO2 from not having had to grow grain for feed.
Not considered at all is the fact that this system of farming produces more energy (as calories) than is used in the production.
I understand that this system is not perfect but it is a huge step in the right direction.
Only an uneducated, narrow viewed person would dare speak about Joel in a negative way. He represents a positive when almost everything in our farming and food system is a negative. Read some books, watch some food documentaries, visit a conventional farming community...it's a sad state of affairs on so many levels. Joel is showing us a positive alternative is possible.
How much farming do you do with the World Bank Nathan?
I think from what I have seen since 2008 BANKS are growing problems and Joel is growing solutions!
To Sagar, I do appreciate your passion for the animals, as I have said before and I will say again, 'once that chicken can balance my bank account, I will look at him differently'.....all fun aside, imagine all the mono cropping we have induced on the land to support veganism. All one has to do is watch Andrew Zimmerns Bizzare Foods and you will see the cultures that used the land the way mother nature intended in a real closed cycle. Everyone wins in that cycle and the land isn't ravage by Monsanto and mono cropping agriculture just so I can have a trough of kale.
in the case of polyface, it;s a "much more sustainable than many farms"
and what size of sugared drink?
and the advertising industry and the oil and gas companies go:kaching!
I remember the early 70s when the macrobiotic parents wouldn;t let their kids have certain fruit and the raw foodies wouldn;t let their kids have crackers, and what do you think those kids tried to sneak or trade at school ?
This week I toured a polyface type hundred acre farm on Mayne Island,BC with other Island Natural growers: wow! what a delight and ,OMG do they ever work, but they exude JOY!
This is part of growing and food production: happy workers! I don't think we see that in industrial agriculture.
I firmly believe the Polyface model is sustainable and can be copied to feed the masses. Others have made good arguments as to mono-culture, CAFO's, and petroleum based inputs and distribution.
The demand for products (meat and veggie) from diversified farms like Polyface could feed cities and rural areas alike, provided there are folks who will take the time and do the work necessary to bring those products to market. When local producers begin direct selling to local consumers, free of middle-men, processors and government bureaucracy, the ability to make a good wage is there.
This model can also be copied in the poorer, impoverished areas of the world. Because infrastructure and distribution is not needed with this model, local communities in Africa, Asia, and elsewhere can provide their own regional meats, fruits, and vegetables. An African farmer does not need Monsanto GMO seed and ammonium nitrate. He needs a few ruminants, some chickens, and a piece of ground and the KNOWLEDGE of how to create a sustainable food system that is symbiotic in nature. Overlords and dictators thrive on being able to control the food supply, but if a community is producing it's own food security, then the power lays with them and not the militant leader standing on bags of GMO grain from the UN and World Bank.
The immorality of this issue is not one of animals or vegetables, but one of freedom. Freedom for producers to produce and sell directly to consumers and freedom for consumers to spend their food dollars in whatever way they see fit to provide for their family.
I think Joel put us on the right path, which is to ignore some of the wisdoms that are shoved down to our throat by corporations.
You did say that it takes 400 days for factory cows to mature and ready to be slaughtered. But at what cost? Did you considered the kind of food that the cows got? (Cow bones made into cattle feed is efficient, but wrong isn't it?) What kind of hormone injections that they get in order to get that big in that short amount of time.
Think about this in the biggest scope you can imagine. Do not put dollars and numbers into it. There are so much more values we can get from something if we ignore the set of values that are given by our society.
Sager Shah: If no one is farming animals (or owning them), most would be extinct. Also, why would you think eating meat is immoral? Do you also believe having a companion animal is morally wrong? I think you make a big leap to make that statement and make a huge judgement on a large scale.
You also state that there are health consequences of eating red meat or fats. Are you familiar with traditional diets and Weston A. Price research? You would be most enlightened to read actual research (not funded by the grain industry) on this subject.
I believe that there are some nuggets of goodness to learn from Polyface Farms. There is also room for improvement in all industries.
So, you are basically promoting highly processed frozen vegetarian food as a "healthy alternative" to high quality meats and fats? Sigh.
"The amount of land required to grow grain to feed animals is also neglected by the author here. "
This statement is the most important cricism of this article. Food for the feedlots has to be grown with petrol, shipped to a processor with petrol, processed into "cattle feed" with fossil fuels, shipped to the feedlots with petrol, and delivered to the animals with petrol. Then the meat processing phase consumes all kinds more fossil fuels.
How much fossil fuel does Polyface farm use? The sustainability debate is endless since it is EXTREMELY difficult to be sustainable. It is effectively dividing us up and causing up to argue with eachother... which is good for industry. our attentions are not focused upon the real issues when we squabble among eachother.
I know it has been awhile since this was originally posted, but all the research I have done so far is that they currently farm (produce animals) year round. I know one of his past apprentices and will have to ask about not hatching their next flock. That would have a problem with his argument, but there are a few troubles with yours.
When you say that factory farms take less space per animal it is because you aren't counting the extra acres where the grain is grown. Joel grows food on the same land that the animals are kept on and the chickens are raised there to, sharing the space. Plus the waste stays in the same space as well. In factory farms they have to pump it offsite which should also be added to the 'space' calculations for factory farming.
As for the other poster and the morality issue, the bible says that God gave us the animals to have and take care of. If you choose not to eat them, fine, but don't call anyone immoral for doing so. That seems silly with all that is going on in the world.
I don't see why this model wouldn't work in other countries as long as they save some of their flock as breeding stock for the next cycle. We plan to implement this system on our farm.
We started a farm, specifically due to reading "The Omnivore's Dilemma" and Joel's own "You Can Farm" book. None of his methods are necessarily 100% transferrable. He's got a LOT of land. I have 6 acres. I live in arid, high dessert Colorado, where I have minimal trees.
His broiler pens don't work in the high winds of Colorado, so our birds get shade huts and are 100% free range, using the huts for protection from wind, rain, sun, and a place to huddle together at night to stay warm.
No, Joel's methods don't work for everyone, and how lucky he is to have 400 acres of land handed down to him from his family. I have been there, too, and do appreciate what he's doing.
But there is ONE MAJOR thing the author missed - when he is making his comments on "sustainability" and chickens. Virtually NO ONE who raises meat birds, like Joel's, which are a breed called the "Cornish Rock Cross" breed their own chicks! You CAN'T! Those meat birds never grow old enough to lay eggs, AND they are a hybrid, meaning, they don't breed true. It takes years of developing a specific hen and a specific rooster, which are different breeds, to cross them to make the double breasted broiler that customers expect to eat. Any standard bird is much smaller, grows MUCH slower, and is single-breasted, having much less meat. Cornish Rock Crosses can not be successfully bred by trying to raise them to adulthood and then hatch their eggs, you would not get repeatable results from this.
No, that's not very sustainable, but it would take a huge shift of the consumer to go back to eating heritage breed chickens on their plates. It would not be worth Joel's time and energy to maintain the flock required to breed broilers, so that he could hatch all his own chicks.
Farming is not sustainable on a single farm. It takes a community to put in all the inputs and deal with the outputs of farming on his scale, and he's able to feed a LOT of people!
2) Grasslands are the best way to build soils and store carbon in the soil. Properly managed grazing animals actually can help stimulate soil carbon levels, by increasing root turnover. Several studies back this claim up, both on a physiological level (root exudates), a plant level (50% of the grass biomass is below ground), and a soil carbon level.
However, there is not enough grassland habitat to absorb ALL the extra carbon that Humans produce. A 1% increase in SOM in a decade or two is doable. This results in tons of Co2 stored per acre.
The problem with cherry picking the stats about how much methane is being produced by cattle is that the current level of methane producing ungulates is lower now than it was 100+ years ago. When buffalo ranged free their numbers are estimated between 80-90 million and they are significantly larger than modern cattle (weight more, eat more, fart more). It is only in recent times that methane has become a problem indicating that something else is out of balance and is causing the accelerated climate change.
You have some facts off!
One that you really need to get right is factory farming keeps cows alive a lot longer than 13 months!
They don't butcher cows at 400 days old!
As far as I know the absolute minimum would be about 16 months for anything that's not veal. I wish people would check basic facts before they write!
Good that the author of the blog went to the source to find out. I hope one day I might have the opportunity to visit one of those farms. But in most of your critiques you are assuming we won't change our eating habits. Which if we don't polyface farming won't be an option to supply enough food. But what if we changed? What if government subsidies to corn and soy change thus giving a real cost to cows grown at Cafos? What if the above were true and we could find ways to make polyface farming better? Finally regarding the science behind polyface farming, there has been an effort from one of Arizonas' universities to bring science and quantataive data to this type of farming.


text:
NEWS - Saturday, December 13, 2003
Proprietary Game Discs for Xbox 2
According to the ad, Microsoft's Xbox team is seeking an engineer "to manage the design and development of the Xbox Game Disc for the next generation Xbox console", with the job description going on to mention anti-piracy as the first in a list of key factors for the new game disc specification. Although it's possible that the role will simply involve devising a copy protection mechanism for games on existing DVD media, similar to that used by the current generation Xbox and the PlayStation 2, the description of the role hints strongly at the company developing a more proprietary format. Microsoft may be planning to follow in the footsteps of Nintendo, whose mini-DVD format which has been highly successful in preventing piracy on the GameCube. It's widely expected, however, that whatever media the next Xbox console (codenamed 'Xenon', apparently) uses will be the same size as DVD media, since the system will be expected to play back DVD movies and provide backwards compatibility with Xbox games.
Source: http://www.theregister.co.uk/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This group meet once a month by arrangement, time as announced.
This group visits local gardens by arrangement, and also gardens of interest further afield. In addition members exchange surplus plants and cuttings of interest to other members. Car sharing is arranged whenever possible.
After a very successful year we are now planning some interesting visits for 2018. We are also looking to book transport (mini buses) so enabling more of our members to attend our garden visits.
Do you have a disability? Please contact the group Coordinators to discuss accessibility requirements and feasibility.


Moss Bros missed out on nearly £2million of suit hire business because so many couples delayed their weddings over the busy summer of royal and sporting events.
The firm said big events such as the Queen's Diamond Jubilee and the Olympic Games prompted many people to schedule their nuptials later in 2012.
Recent profits were flat as a result, although Moss Bros still expects to recoup the estimated £1.9million of lost income.
The business, which has 136 stores, said it has managed to absorb increases in raw material prices, but profit margins were now improving due to a recent stabilisation in costs.
It hailed early results from four refurbished stores, and said a further 12 outlets would be refitted in the second half of 2012 as part of a drive targeting 90 sites over five years.
Moss Bros reported profits from continuing operations of £2.2million for the six months to July 28 - unchanged on a year earlier.
It said trading in the seven weeks to September 15 has been encouraging, although like-for-like sales growth has been slower than the 5.7 per cent rise seen in the first half.
Moss recently sold its Cecil Gee and Hugo Boss stores in order to focus on improving its core business.
Shares in Moss Bros were flat at 45p in early trading.
Income shares watch: Moss has just resumed issuing dividends, with a 0.2p per share payout announced in its first half results. It plans to increase its dividend over time in line with growth in earnings per share 'subject to continued satisfactory trading and financial performance'. The shares yield 0.88 per cent.
John Stevenson of broker Peel Hunt said: 'Moss continues to invest in new stock in areas such as school proms (an effective sell-out last year), premium morning suits, including a new Ted Baker suit for spring/summer 2013, and will take the hire business online in spring 2013.
'A potentially significant development, hire online will also allow the Moss Hire business to expand as a concession business. Management continues to target hire sales of £25million (2013 estimate £18million).


What is a Voice Over Artist?
A voice over artist (also known as a voice artist, voice talent, or voice actor) is basically someone who voices a script. This could be a script for a radio or television commercial, an audio-book, a promotional video or a telephone on hold message.
Many working voices have a background in radio, as this is an industry where the voice is crucially important, as it is the only medium you have to get your message across.
For example, quite a few or the pros that I work with regularly came from just such a background and here's what they had to say about how they got into voice work.
Not everyone begins in radio. Some come from television, some have acting backgrounds and some have no affiliations with the media or arts at all, but have gravitated to voice over work because they find they are good at it and the independence of freelance work suits their lifestyle.
And coming from radio does not necessarily guarantee a great voice anyway; sometimes quite the opposite. Many on-air announcers do voice over work on the side to earn extra money and some make the mistake of bringing their 'big radio voice' with them to the microphone. This is the kind of cringe-worthy, hand over the ear, delivery that you expect to hear on a Top 40 Countdown show, but which has no place in real voice over work. Some journalists too tend to have a very well entrenched read style and find it hard to be more "natural" in reads. It's doable – but hard to lose that journalistic lilt.
So, if that's the kind of voice overs you envisage yourself doing, you should probably reconsider whether "commercial" voice work is really for you, because you'll need to leave your 'big radio voice' at the door if you're to have any hope of succeeding in this industry.
A voice style is just one of the many facets taken into consideration and having a "good voice" is only one of the qualities you'll need to succeed and not the main one by any means. We will address some more valuable traits in another article soon.
The Voice Market is your best option for locating professional Australian voice over actors. We have Male & Female voices to cover everything from 6 to 60 and beyond. Our talent will bring your scripts to life promptly and affordably, mostly on the same day. From narrating eBooks, corporate videos and On Hold Messages, to radio and TV commercials - we have voice overs that can help. No matter where you are in Australia and around the globe we can help with your next project today. Drop us an email if you'd like to discuss things further.


T regulatory cells in contact hypersensitivity.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The review summarizes the recent investigations focused on T regulatory cells in hapten diseases. RECENT FINDINGS: Multiple mechanisms ensure tolerance to small chemicals penetrating the skin. Among these, specific T regulatory cells play a major role in controlling harmful immune responses to environmental antigens. Most of the T regulatory cells involved in this process belongs to the CD4 subset and suppress hapten-specific immune response through the release of IL-10 and through direct interaction with effector T cells, blocking their function. SUMMARY: Methods for in-vitro and in-vivo expansion of specific T regulatory cells may represent an innovative approach for the cure of contact hypersensitivity.
17880504 - Suppression of an established immune response by uva--a critical role for mast cells.
9155954 - Effect of calcitriol on the production of t-cell-derived cytokines in psoriasis.
Previous Document: From innate to adaptive immune responses in contact hypersensitivity.
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This category compiles scores on 17 different data points to determine how well Spanish Fork respects and protects the liberty of its citizens.
63 different data points are included in this category to discern the degree to which Spanish Fork respects and protects private property rights.
Short-term Rentals 17 15% This city prohibits property owners from renting their residential property on a short-term basis as is often done through services like Airbnb and VRBO. Per city staff; allowed for whole home rentals, but renting out part of the home (room/basement) only allowed in Zone R 1-6 as an accessory apartment, with a $300 conditional use permit.
The final category includes 35 different data points in an effort to review Spanish Fork's protection—or violation—of the free market.
Click here to compare Spanish Fork's data compared to the other cities.


text:
VDJPipe: a pipelined tool for pre-processing immune repertoire sequencing data
Scott Christley1,
Mikhail K. Levin2,
Inimary T. Toby1,
John M. Fonner3,
Nancy L. Monson4,5,
William H. Rounds1,
Florian Rubelt6,
Walter Scarborough3,
Richard H. Scheuermann7,8,9 &
Lindsay G. Cowell1
BMC Bioinformatics volume 18, Article number: 448 (2017) Cite this article
Pre-processing of high-throughput sequencing data for immune repertoire profiling is essential to insure high quality input for downstream analysis. VDJPipe is a flexible, high-performance tool that can perform multiple pre-processing tasks with just a single pass over the data files.
Processing tasks provided by VDJPipe include base composition statistics calculation, read quality statistics calculation, quality filtering, homopolymer filtering, length and nucleotide filtering, paired-read merging, barcode demultiplexing, 5′ and 3′ PCR primer matching, and duplicate reads collapsing. VDJPipe utilizes a pipeline approach whereby multiple processing steps are performed in a sequential workflow, with the output of each step passed as input to the next step automatically. The workflow is flexible enough to handle the complex barcoding schemes used in many immunosequencing experiments. Because VDJPipe is designed for computational efficiency, we evaluated this by comparing execution times with those of pRESTO, a widely-used pre-processing tool for immune repertoire sequencing data. We found that VDJPipe requires <10% of the run time required by pRESTO.
VDJPipe is a high-performance tool that is optimized for pre-processing large immune repertoire sequencing data sets.
The ability to mount an effective immune response and subsequently develop specific immunity relies on the presence of a diverse repertoire of antigen receptors. In jawed vertebrates, the genes encoding antibodies and antigen receptors are somatically generated in lymphocytes through a DNA recombination process, V(D)J recombination, which assembles variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) gene segments into genes. The diversity of gene sequences generated by V(D)J recombination is huge (estimated at >1015) as a result of varying combinations of V, D, and J gene segments, as well as sequence modifications (e.g., exonucleolytic trimming and non-templated nucleotide addition) at the junctions of rearranged gene segments [1, 2]. In recent years, the increased sample coverage of next generation sequencing technologies has significantly enhanced our ability to obtain detailed characterizations of immune repertoires, as there can easily be more than 106 unique sequences for each receptor type [3, 4].
Analysis of immune repertoire sequencing data shares some pre-processing tasks with other next generation sequencing data [5, 6], but it also has its own unique characteristics, including 5′ and 3′ PCR primer targeting, complex multi-level barcode demultiplexing, and duplicate sequence read collapsing. Table 1 provides a list of immune repertoire analysis tools with their pre-processing capabilities. The set of tools can be divided into three main categories: 1) those providing a workflow from raw data to V, D, and J assignment, 2) those specializing in specific pre-processing operations, and 3) those providing generic pre-processing operations. We excluded web analysis portals such as VDJServer and ARGalaxy, as they provide web-based access to other tools. We indicate each tool's category (1, 2 or 3) in Table 1. All of the tools in the first category provide some limited pre-processing capability, though this tends to be restricted to barcode demultiplexing and length and quality filtering. Category 2 tools specialize in processing unique molecular identifiers (UMI), which is a strategy to overcome PCR amplification bias and sequencing error [7]. The tools in Category 3, which includes VDJPipe, provide the broadest capability.
Table 1 List of analysis tools providing pre-processing functions
VDJPipe is a flexible, high-performance tool for performing a variety of pre-processing operations on immune repertoire sequencing data. VDJPipe efficiently performs all of these pre-processing tasks within a user-defined pipeline that only requires a single pass over large sequencing data files. This has the advantage of significantly decreased processing times, as well as not creating large intermediate files between processing steps, unless desired by the user. VDJPipe is typically the first step in an immunosequencing analysis workflow followed by assignment of V, D, and J gene segments to each sequence with subsequent repertoire annotation and characterization, and it has been successfully applied to analyzing human immune receptor sequences from B and T cells [8,9,10].
VDJPipe accepts as input a JSON-formatted configuration file that specifies the set of input sequencing data files and the sequence of processing tasks to be performed on those files. VDJPipe accepts both single-end and paired-end nucleotide sequence read files, and it requires quality scores that can be provided in either a FASTQ file or a FASTA/QUAL file pair. Input sequence files, compressed in gzip or bz2 format, can be read by VDJPipe without being decompressed. Paired-end reads can be initially merged into a single sequence based upon alignment of the overlapping nucleotides, but operations, such as quality filtering, can also be performed on each paired-end read file individually with reads being merged afterward. VDJPipe produces FASTA-formatted output files of processed reads for input into V(D)J assignment software, such as IgBlast.
Sequence read filtering and statistics
VDJPipe provides many common operations, such as filtering based on nucleotide-level quality and average quality score, ambiguous base calls, homopolymer detection, and sequence length. Each operation has parameters to specify minimum, maximum, or window range values for applying the filter. VDJPipe can calculate various statistics at one or more steps along the processing pipeline. These statistics include nucleotide composition along the length of the read, GC-content histogram, sequence length histogram, average quality score histogram, and base call quality along the length of the read. Generating statistics at multiple points in the pipeline makes it easy to compare how the sequence read composition changes before and after each filtering operation.
Barcode demultiplexing
It is a common practice with some next generation sequencing studies to multiplex multiple biological samples into a single sequencing run by attaching an identical set of short nucleotide barcodes to all sequences in a given sample. The barcode set is unique for each sample and can be used to demultiplex (split) the combined sequences produced in a single sequencing run back into individual sample files. VDJPipe supports any number of barcodes with its match operation, and barcode sequences with their sample identifier are specified in a separate FASTA file. Matching can be performed on the forward or reverse strand, can be limited to a specific search window, and can be a gapped or non-gapped alignment with either a minimal score or a maximum number of mismatches defining a successful match. The match operation uses the standard Smith-Waterman local alignment algorithm [11] with a substitution matrix that scores matches and mismatches (+2 for match and −2 for mismatch, or 0 for match and +1 for mismatch if only counting mismatches). The matching barcode can be trimmed from the sequence if desired, sequences without a matching barcode can be excluded, and each sequence is tagged with its barcode identifier allowing it to be used in later operations. VDJPipe can handle multiple combinatorial barcodes, such as are used in single-cell sequencing protocols [12], with multiple match operations or with the barcode combinations specified in a CSV file.
5′ and 3′ primer matching
Immunosequencing typically uses a targeted PCR protocol with a panel of 5′ (V region) and 3′ (J or C region) primers to capture the genes of interest. Other protocols use 5′ RACE, which eliminates the 5′ primer. As with barcodes, VDJPipe's match operation can be used to recognize the primer sequences, trim them from the sequence if desired, and tag each sequence with the primer identifier for use in later operations. Primer sequences are specified in a separate FASTA file.
Duplicate reads
Adaptive immune cells can undergo clonal expansion which generates daughter cells with identical V(D)J recombination sequences (though some B cells also undergo somatic hypermutation that can alter the sequence). When sequencing a large number of immune cells, these clones appear as duplicate sequences within the data. Duplicates also appear as a consequence of PCR amplification during sample preparation. Collapsing duplicate reads greatly shrinks the data size and can speed up downstream analyses. However, duplicate read checking in standard tools focused on genome sequencing or RNA-seq assumes only a portion of the sequence needs to be identical in order for the read to be marked as a duplicate [6], but this assumption is invalid for immune repertoire sequencing. Many V, D, and J gene segments are highly similar, and allelic variations present in individuals may only differ by a few nucleotides. Therefore, it is important that the complete read sequence be checked. The standard n-gram hash table approach cannot be used, however, because immune receptor read lengths are typically greater than 250 nucleotides. Thus, VDJPipe utilizes a suffix tree data structure to store the unique sequences found while processing the data. Furthermore, VDJPipe recognizes the sample barcode demultiplexing and collapses duplicate reads within each sample separately. A report of the duplicate count for each read is provided as part of the output.
We compare the performance of VDJPipe v0.1.7 with that of another software tool specialized for immunosequencing data, pRESTO v0.5.3 [13]. pRESTO has an alternative design of providing a set of Python scripts, each of which performs one step in the pre-processing workflow. For comparison, we use two example data sets provided by pRESTO [14, 15] and publically available from SRA under accession ID: ERP003950 and SRX190717. The first data set is Illumina MiSeq 2 × 250 stranded paired-end reads from RNA isolated from antibody-secreting mouse cells with primers for the amplification of full-length IgG heavy chain variable regions [14]. The second data set is Roche 454 reads from B-cell RNA isolated from PBMC for human patients across multiple time points before and after exposure to the influenza vaccine [15]. For the first data set, processing steps include merging the paired-end reads into a single read sequence, quality filtering, 5′ and 3′ primer matching, and collapsing duplicate reads. For the second data set, processing steps include length, homopolymer and quality filtering, generating compositional statistics, barcode demultiplexing, 5′ and 3′ primer matching, and collapsing duplicate reads. Together, these two data sets test all the main functions provided by VDJPipe (Table 1). We use the execution scripts provided by pRESTO for the examples but comment out the miscellaneous steps of parsing log files and compressing intermediate files at the end. The JSON input files used for VDJPipe are provided in the sample_data directory in the source code repository. Tests were run on a quad core Linux computer; VDJPipe only utilizes one processing core, while pRESTO is able to use all four cores.
Tables 2 and 3 show a comparison of execution times for both tools with different size input files for each data set, respectively. We find that VDJPipe is able to complete all processing steps in less than 10% the time required by pRESTO.
Table 2 Execution times for the Greiff et al., [14] data set
Table 3 Execution times for the Jiang et al., [15] data set
VDJPipe is a flexible, high-performance tool for performing a variety of pre-processing operations on immune repertoire sequencing data. Written in C++ and utilizing a pipelined design, VDJPipe can efficiently perform all its operations with just a single pass over the input data file. This results in significantly decreased processing times. This has the additional benefit of not creating large intermediate files (unless desired by the user) between each processing step. Future enhancements include support for multiprocessing and building consensus sequences from unique molecular identifiers.
Availability and requirements
Project name: VDJPipe
Project home page: https://vdjserver.org/vdjpipe/index.html
Source code repository: https://bitbucket.org/vdjserver/vdj_pipe
Docker image: https://hub.docker.com/r/vdjserver/vdj_pipe
Operating system(s): Platform independent
Programming language: C++
License: GNU GPL
Any restrictions on use by non-academics: no restrictions. The data sets analyzed in this study are publicly available and described in [14, 15]. The VDJPipe input configuration files used for these two data sets are available in the source code repository in the sample_data directory.
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FR would like to thank Mark M. Davis for his advice on this project.
This work was supported by an NIAID-funded R01 (AI097403) to LGC. FR was supported, in part, by the Bioinformatics Support Contract (BISC) HHSN272201200028C and the National Institutes of Health, specifically the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases grant U19A1057229. The funding body had no role in the design of the study or the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data or in writing the manuscript.
Department of Clinical Sciences, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
Scott Christley
, Inimary T. Toby
, William H. Rounds
& Lindsay G. Cowell
Bank of America Corporate Center, Charlotte, NC, 28202, USA
Mikhail K. Levin
Texas Advanced Computing Center, Austin, TX, 78758-4497, USA
John M. Fonner
& Walter Scarborough
Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
Nancy L. Monson
Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
Florian Rubelt
J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
Richard H. Scheuermann
Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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SC wrote the manuscript and worked on the software. MKL initially designed and wrote the software. IT conducted the review of analysis tools. JF, NM, WHR, FR, WS, RHS, IT and LGC contributed data, tested the software, and provided feedback on the design. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Correspondence to Lindsay G. Cowell.
Portions of the abstract were part of a poster abstract presented at Immunology 2016 and originally published in The Journal of Immunology (Copyright 2016 The American Association of Immunologists, Inc., included with permission of The American Association of Immunologists [27]).
Christley, S., Levin, M.K., Toby, I.T. et al. VDJPipe: a pipelined tool for pre-processing immune repertoire sequencing data. BMC Bioinformatics 18, 448 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-017-1853-z
Rep-seq
Immune repertoire analysis
Sequence analysis (methods)


If you're looking for a luxury saloon, odds are that you'll be perfectly happy with an S-Class. But while the big Merc does tick all the boxes, that doesn't necessarily mean that it's your best option.
This comparison test put together by Carwow aimed to see if the mighty S-Class can be challenged, or even overthrown, by either the Audi A8 or the BMW 7-Series.
As far as exterior designs are concerned, beauty is in the eye of the beholder. Inside, however, according to this reviewer, it's the A8 that stands out most thanks to its amazing levels of interior quality and on-board technology.
The issue with the S-Class is that some of the materials don't feel as good as they look, while with the 7-Series, it's pretty much the other way around. The Audi therefore takes the gold in this category, with the 7-Series also getting a medal for having the best infotainment system.
If you're a backseat passenger, there's not much between these three cars, as you'll feel supremely comfortable regardless of which one you opt for. Same goes for boot space.
As for driving dynamics and overall road manners, the new A8 yet again came out on top by being extremely smooth, good to drive and just as quiet as the S-Class, if not more so. So, who wins this test? Well, what do you think?
The BMW is ugly outside and boring inside, and it sounds like it falls short in terms of luxury and performance when it comes to driving, so it deserves a distant last place. It does offer some nice materials inside though.
The Audi manages to be bland outside, with an ugly face (Audi is seriously out of ideas and it shows), and the interior design theme is "fingerprints everywhere." The Audi has the best infotainment in the form of its Virtual Cockpit and is the only one with an actually usable touchscreen (seriously BMW? no one is wiggling their finger in the air to bumblingly change volume levels). The open-pore wood is also very nice on the Audi. In terms of luxury, it sounds like it has the best ride and levels of quiet of these three, although Mercedes offers several levels of suspension that likely were above those in the test car sampled.
The Mercedes is the only one of these three that I would consider "attractive" outside, and it offers a distinctive and beautiful interior as well. The infotainment controls are a bit distracting to operate, however. While it may not lead in every single area, it doesn't falter in any damning ways, which puts it at the top for me.
The Mercedes-Benz S-Class is ugly to me; I think the BMW is the better looking of the bunch!
BMW is just too dated. It looks like it comes from the 80s-90s. And the grill reminds me of some silly jungle animal nose. The interior is by far the worst of the 3.
Agree. Mercs look like they belong in the ghetto. I prefer the 7er, but the S8 is also nice.
All three have looked better in the past. Much better.
Just not feeling it from any of these.
Mercedes has and will remain king in this class.
Audi has taken the lead now.
I don't consider the BMW or Audi to be ghetto cruisers.
Goodness did Matt pick the worst color combos of each car..? Goodness. All three look better in different interior and exterior packages. Respectful win for the A8 though.
Well,,, my daily would diffenatly be the Benz.
me too. bmw and audi just can't out perform mercedes when it comes to luxury. this is why those 2 have rr and bentley for that matter.
Ignoring the fact that Merc had Maybach which failed as a standalone brand.
maybach isn't a brand anymore. it feels more like a trim level now.
Now yeah but that's because Merc failed at making Maybach a credible Rolls Royce alternative.
Maybach is now analogous to AMG but that isn't a show of how superior Merc is to Audi and BMW.
Don't get me wrong, I would choose Merc out of the 3. I have no love for Audi and the 7 series leaves me feeling cold so I'd naturally get an S-Class myself but I'm just saying that Merc not having a Rolls Royce or a Bentley doesn't mean it's better.
Can't outperform? How do you figure? They are miles better in material quality, if not overall design and execution. The Mercedes S Class only performs based on heritage, but Audi has built a better alternative in the class for nearly a decade. And its craftsmanship is on a whole different level. Even though I think BMW needs a more daring interior design, their material execution this time around completely surpasses that of Mercedes.
it still would've lost anyways.
no, sweetie it would not have lost. it may not be first, but it definitely would not have lost. it has beaten the 7 series in plenty of comparisons before.
i was going to say lost that it wasn't gonna win first place anyhow. i would say 3rd only behind the a8 and s class. the 7 series of this gen is so weak! no bold interior design and the luxury isn't just there at all! i would even pick the genesis g90 over the 7 series that's how bad bmw is!
Actually it goes after the "no," dumbass. Go back to school.
I like the Audi too!
I'd like to see such comparison but made by few journalists doing this test including cars like S class, A8, 7 series, Genesis G90, Jag XJ, Lexus LS, Quattroporte, Cadillac CT6, and Lincoln Continental( in higest spec), new Kia K900, Panamera. That would be interesting. As far as I know Wat Matson from his reviews, I knew that A8 will be te winner.
Anyone who has been following Matt for years would have called the winner before watching the video. He is such an Audi fan that he doesn't even try to hide it anymore.
I'd have picked the 7 series. BMW design is probably my favorite, although the S-Class is also nice.
Audi = The Transporter's car!
By removing all the knobs and switches, Audi has made the instrument panel look bland and unattractive. To me, it's just some flat, plastic looking surfaces. S Class just looks superior.


text:
Strikeforce: Shamrock vs. Diaz
THE INFO episode 17: featuring Eric Lawson & Sherdog.com & Fight! Magazine's Danny Acosta
April 23, 2009 by Matt De La Rosa
THE INFO returned to the airwaves after a week off with Strikeforce Middleweight Eric Lawson and last minute guest, Sherdog.com and Fight! Magazine's Danny Acosta. Matt De La Rosa and "Fast Eddie" Constantine went over their new Bay Area rankings, spotlighting the Middleweight and Welterweight classes. Lawson talked about his recent win over Waylon Kennell … Read more
Categories interviews, MMA Tags audio, Bay Area, Danny Acosta, Eric Lawson, Fight! Magazine, interviews, Matt De La Rosa, Mixed Martial-Arts, MMA, podcast, pro mma, promma.info, radio, rankings, Sherdog.com, Strikeforce: Shamrock vs. Diaz, THE INFO, UFC
PRO MMA – STRIKEFORCE Post Fight Press Conference Special
PRO MMA (promma.info) was on hand for the STRIKEFORCE: SHAMROCK vs. DIAZ post-fight press conference following the night of fights. CEO Scott Coker, Royce Gracie, Tito Ortiz and more took to the mic and spoke with the press. A possible Heavyweight match-up was teased and one former UFC Heavyweight champion signed with the San Jose … Read more
Categories MMA Tags Alistair Overeem, Fabricio Werdum, Kevin Randleman, Matt De La Rosa, post fight presser, Royce Gracie, Scott Coker, Strikeforce, Strikeforce: Shamrock vs. Diaz, Tito Ortiz, video
PRO MMA exclusive video interview: Ralek Gracie
October 22, 2012 April 12, 2009 by Matt De La Rosa
PRO MMA's (promma.info) "Fast Eddie" Constantine caught up with Ralek Gracie at the STRIKEFORCE: SHAMROCK vs. DIAZ weigh-ins this past Friday. Gracie discussed a bevy of topics with PRO MMA's resident purple belt that included a possible fight in Strikeforce as well as his passion for music.
Categories MMA Tags Fast Eddie Constantine, Gracie, interviews, Matt De La Rosa, Ralek Gracie, Strikeforce, Strikeforce: Shamrock vs. Diaz, video
PRO MMA's STRIKEFORCE weigh-ins Video Feature
April 12, 2009 April 12, 2009 by Matt De La Rosa
PRO MMA (promma.info) will be posting numerous videos from the STRIKEFORCE: SHAMROCK vs. DIAZ weigh-ins and event throughout the week. The first video comes from the day of the weigh-ins. PRO MMA's Matt De La Rosa took an inside look at the weigh-ins and its leading story: Cyborg Santos. Note: The video was created prior … Read more
Categories MMA Tags Cris Santos, Cristiane Santos, Cyborg Santos, Frank Shamrock, Greg Savage, Josh Barnett, Josh Gross, Matt De La Rosa, Nick Diaz, Steve Cofield, Strikeforce, Strikeforce: Shamrock vs. Diaz, video
STRIKEFORCE post fight presser and event photo gallery
Royce Gracie, Ken Hirschman and Scott Coker
PRO MMA's (promma.info) Matt De La Rosa and "Fast Eddie" Constantine were running around the HP Pavilion on Saturday taking photos of the who's-Who (one Oscar Nominee) in mixed martial arts. The guys also took in the post fight press conference where 'Monsters', 'Demolition Men', 'Bad Boys' and 'Cyborg's' were in attendance. There are close to 40 photos in the gallery which can be viewed after the jump….
Categories press release Tags Fast Eddie, Matt De La Rosa, Mickey Rourke, photos, post-fight press conference, press conference, Royce Gracie, Strikeforce, Strikeforce: Shamrock vs. Diaz, Tito Ortiz
STRIKEFORCE: SHAMROCK vs. DIAZ photo gallery
PRO MMA's (promma.info) Matt De La Rosa was all over the HP Pavilion this past Saturday night, shooting photos of Strikeforce: Shamrock vs. Diaz event. The card, which featured a headlining bout between Frank Shamrock and Nick Diaz, captivated the 15,211 fans in attendance.
There are more than 80 photos of the evenings event with more to come and you can view the complete gallery at the PRO MMA gallery page. Stay tuned to PRO MMA (promma.info) for the exclusive Press Conference and miscellaneous photo gallery. Photos after the jump….
Categories MMA Tags Frank Shamrock, Gil Melendez, Matt De La Rosa, Nick Diaz, Photo Gallery, photos, Strikeforce, Strikeforce: Shamrock vs. Diaz
THE INFO: "STRIKEFORCE: SHAMROCK vs. DIAZ" featuring Sherdog.com's Danny Acosta
THE INFO hit the PRO MMA (promma.info) air waves after a one week hiatus with a breakdown of the Strikeforce: Shamrock vs. Diaz card that will be going down tonight at the HP Pavilion in San Jose, California. Matt De La Rosa and "Fast Eddie" Constantine were joined by Sherdog.com's Danny Acosta live in studio. … Read more
Categories MMA Tags audio, Chris Tinkle, Cyborg Santos, Danny Acosta, Frank Shamrock, Matt De La Rosa, podcast, pro mma, promma.info, Sherdog.com, Strikeforce, Strikeforce: Shamrock vs. Diaz, THE INFO
STRIKEFORCE: SHAMROCK vs. DIAZ weigh-ins photo gallery
PRO MMA (promma.info) took in Friday afternoon's "Strikeforce: Shamrock vs. Diaz" weigh-ins. The Grill at the HP Pavilion was packed with fans and media from far and wide. Twenty-two fighters took to the scales and posed for pictures. There are 50 photos from the event and many fighters were in attendance.
Photos after the jump…
Categories MMA Tags Cris "Cyborg" Santos, Frank Shamrock, Gil Melendez, HP Pavilion, Matt De La Rosa, Nick Diaz, photos, pictures, pro mma, promma.info, Robbie Lawler, Strikeforce, Strikeforce: Shamrock vs. Diaz, The Grill
PRO MMA Training Camp feature: Eric Lawson
April 8, 2009 April 8, 2009 by Matt De La Rosa
In one of his last hard training sessions leading up to his bout this Saturday, PRO MMA (promma.info) got a peek at one of Eric Lawson's sparring sessions at Combat Fitness in Concord, California. The Strikeforce middleweight traded leather with champion Muay-Thai practitioner Caley Scott and UFC veteran Gil Castillo.
Lawson (8-2) had been set to take on American Kickboxing Academy's Richard Montoya, however, Montoya was forced to back out due to injury. Derrick Thornton had been slated to take Montoya's place but Waylon Kennell (4-1) will go toe-to-toe with Lawson on April 11th at Strikeforce: Shamrock vs. Diaz.
Categories MMA Tags Caley Scott, combat fitness, Eric Lawson, Gil Castillo, Matt De La Rosa, Strikeforce, Strikeforce: Destruction, Strikeforce: Shamrock vs. Diaz, Tony Johnson


(PDF) Digital Forensic Analysis for Enhancing Information . . .
Digital Forensic Analysis for Enhancing Information Security Ojeniyi Joseph Adebayo Idris Suleiman Abdulmalik Yunusa Ade Cyber Security Science Dept. Cyber Security Science Dept. Cyber Security Science Dept. Federal University of Technology Federal University of Technology Federal University of Technology Minna, Nigeria.
The release notes provide high-level coverage of the improvements and additions that have been implemented in Red Hat Enterprise Linux Beta 8. 0 and document known problems in this release, as well as notable bug fixes, Technology Previews, deprecated functionality, and other details.
MD5 Generator. Calculate the MD5 checksum of a bit of text, password, or whatever you like. Runs in your browser and nothing is sent back to me, just in case you need to use it offline.
With this online whois lookup tool you can get information about a domain name (e. g. google. com) or and IP address. You can view the domain registrar, the domain creation date, the owner location, and much more.
xlb. es. Name Size 1er_clase. pdf 554K ADI-comandos-linux. pdf 407K Addison - Developing Enterprise Java Applications with J2EE . pdf 3. 2M Addison Wesley - Software Architecture in Practice, Second E. chm 4. 0M Addison-Wesley - Design Patterns Java. pdf 2. 2M Addison-Wesley Effective Java - Programming Language Guide. pdf 2. 8M Advance-Bash-Guide. pdf 3. 2M Algorithms Formulas. pdf 431K Aprenda a Pensar . . .
Note: Apple may collect and use your domain address (i. e. yahoo. com, gmail. com, etc. ) for purposes of improving our products and services. Otherwise, your full email address will not be stored and will not be used by Apple or shared with any other entities.
Im playing with libapt, to try a couple of ideas about package management. The conclusion so far: * Yes, it can be used * The author believes docs are for wimps * I am lucky there is synaptic, which has a decent wrapper I left it working and fetching overnight, and it hasnt crashed.
HashKiller. co. uk is a hash lookup service. This allows you to input an MD5 hash and search for its corresponding plaintext ("found") in our database of already-cracked hashes.
nsa Software - Free Download nsa - Top 4 Download - Top4Download. com offers free software downloads for Windows, Mac, iOS and Android computers and mobile devices. Visit for free, full and secured software's.
60 Free Ransomware Decryptor Tool To Remove And Unlock . . .
Hit by ransomware? Don't pay the ransom! Use these free Ransomware Decryption Tools, Avast free ransomware decryption tools can help decrypt files encrypted by the following forms of ransomware.
Currently the allowed hashes are MD5, SHA1 and SHA256. Some users might also be interested in searching for particular file scan reports (e. g. identified by a scan_id returned by the Public API ), this can also be done, you just have to insert the scan identifier ( sha256-timestamp_epoch ).
National Software Reference Library - MD5SHA1File Name . . .
National Software Reference Library - MD5SHA1File Name search. . . . SHA 1: File Name: Search Reset Back to list. NSRL Search Engine is sponsored by HashSets. com . . .
Sha1 hash reverse lookup decryption - Ultimate Hashing and . . .
Decrypt (search for a match): SHA-1 (160 bit) is a cryptographic hash function designed by the United States National Security Agency and published by the United States NIST as a U. S. Federal Information Processing Standard. SHA-1 produces a 160-bit (20-byte) hash value. A SHA-1 hash value is typically expressed as a hexadecimal number,. . .
Limited Time Offer Take Linux Journal for a test drive. Download our September issue for FREE.
Intro. The few weaknesses inherent within the authentication handshake process for WPAWPA2 PSKs have been known for a long time. This blog post does not serve anything that is new or has not been previously seen in the wild or conference talks and actually references other sites (such as RFCs) that can supply further information.
Sample Captures. So youre at home tonight, having just installed Wireshark. You want to take the program for a test drive. But your home LAN doesnt have any interesting or exotic packets on it?


text:
extern crate rusttrace;

fn main() {
    rusttrace::__init("initialize");

    for x in 0..10 {
        let s = format!("Value: {}", x);
        rusttrace::__trace(&s);
    }

    rusttrace::__cleanup("cleanup");
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Ecuador Boat Tours. Ocean, Lake, River Boating Tours.
Boating tours are an excellent way to experience some of Ecuador's most impressive aquatic environments. These tours visit islands in the Galápagos and rivers in the Amazon. You'll explore some of the coolest places in Ecuador, and may have the chance to go snorkeling, bird watching, or hiking on one of these tours. The tours use comfortable motor boats and are led by professional captains and knowledgeable guides.
Located two hours from San Cristóbal, Española is the southernmost island and one of the oldest in the Galápagos archipelago. The island's flat profile is extremely dry with only a few inches of rain per year. Despite the dry climate the island is one of the world's only known nesting sites for the Waved Albatross. From April to December this island is covered with these adorably clumsy birds. Blue-Footed and Nazca Boobies as well as many other bird species. Another unique species found only on Española Island is the Green and Red Marine Iguana. Quite often you will be greeted by these colorful reptiles. A visit to Gardner Bay for some open water snorkeling completes this island visit.
This tour takes you to some of the Galápagos Island's excellent bird watching and snorkeling. First you'll visit North Seymour Island, and then you'll continue to a beach called Las Bachas on Santa Cruz Island.
This tour will take you to South Plaza Island, which is the smallest island of the Galápagos. Despite its small size, this island still has a wealth of interesting wildlife.
On this tour, you'll get to hike on the Galápagos island of Bartolomé (or Bartholomew, in English). As you hike, you'll learn about the volcanic landscape.
The lava tunnels of Isabela Island create an unforgettable underwater landscape for snorkeling.
Isla Lobos is a small islet located approximate 40 minutes from Puerto Baquerizo Moreno. Is it home to various Galapagos birds, such as Blue-Footed Boobies, Nazca Boobies, and Frigate Birds, as well as a colony of Sea Lions and numerous Marine Iguanas. On this half-day trip you will disembark on the islet for an hour long interpreted walk around the island. Afterwards you will be able to snorkel in the protected bay nearby. Following a lunch onboard you will relocate to Ochoa Beach where you can wander the sand, snorkel some more or relax in the sun.
This tour takes you to see the wildlife that lives on Isabela Island and its surrounding waters. Your bilingual guide will supply you with interesting facts about the environment along the way.
Our guide will pick you from your hotel in Puerto Ayora and lead to the main pier. The sailing to Santa Fe will take two hours. In this island you will find an endemic land iguana that lives only in this place, sea lions in white sand beach resting waiting for pictures, they pose to your cameras. You will get into a giant cactus forest while the Galapagos hawk overfly in the light blue sky. Crabs, nocturnal herons, marine iguanas, mockingbirds and Galapagos doves are often seen in Santa Fe Island. It bay offers you this turquoise and crystalline water to swim and snorkel; marine turtles, rays, sea lions, fishes and other marine animals in this rocky reef are unique attractions of this place.
Within Machalilla National Park, you can set sail for Plata Island. This island has many of the same characteristics and endangered species as the Galápagos Islands. Observe some of them on this fun, full-day tour.
Between June and October, around 7,000 humpback whales travel from Antarctica to Ecuador's coast. They migrate to this area to mate and give birth in Ecuador's warm Pacific waters. Machalilla National Park is ideally located for visitors to come and watch the humpback whales that have gathered near the coast.
This tour takes you to the waters off the coast of Salinas to search for humpback whales. You'll also visit a small whale museum and enjoy lunch.
This tour offers travelers a wonderful opportunity to see birds, dolphins, and other wildlife while exploring the Gulf of Guayaquil in Ecuador. It's a fun and interesting experience for travelers of all ages.
Waters off the coast of Machalilla National Park team with fish. This is because of the Humboldt Current, which brings with it cold water and a huge variety of well-fed fish.
Tour the Galápagos aboard the Ocean Spray, and see the archipelago from a floating oasis. Ocean Spray is a mega catamaran with 9 cabins, and can accommodate up to 16 passengers. Each of the cabins has its own balcony, outfitted with comfortable patio furniture. You'll love having a view all to yourself – it's the ideal place to take memorable photos.
The Millennium is a comfortable, 16-person yacht that offers cruises through the Galápagos Islands. Its social areas have great ocean views, and its accommodations are well-equipped with amenities. Cruises range from 5 to 8 days.
The Millennium is a modern, 16-passenger yacht that offers cruises through the Galápagos Islands. The accommodations are comfortable and nicely equipped, and there are ample social areas on the ship. Cruises range from 5 to 8 days.
On the Legend, you'll visit some of the best places in the Galápagos Islands and enjoy utmost comfort during your entire voyage. The Legend is a 100-person, 5-star cruise ship. It has all of the amenities of a larger cruise liner, yet is also structured to provide an intimate, family-style feel.
Take the La Pinta cruise for an enlightening tour of the Galápagos. You'll have the opportunity to learn about the plants and animals from your naturalist guide, as well as from your own observations. And in the meantime, you'll get to spend your vacation in some of the best accommodations in the Galápagos.
Sail the Cormorant around the Galápagos Islands, for an up-close look at the archipelago's ecology. The Cormorant is a catamaran-style cruise ship, and provides an elegant atmosphere for visitors to the Galápagos to enjoy every aspect of their voyage.
Aboard the Cormorant, you'll have the best possible experience of the Galápagos. The Cormorant is equipped with a knowledgeable crew (including a naturalist guide) to ensure you have a thoroughly rewarding trip. Depending on how much of the islands you want to see, you can choose from several itineraries of varying lengths. The shortest is 4 days, and the longest is 15.
This all-day tour takes you to some of the highlights of San Cristobál's landscape. Your tour begins with an early morning boat ride and lasts into the evening. This is a part of the Galápagos that you need a guide in order to see, and the views that you'll get along the way are well worth the hiking. You'll also get the chance to stop and snorkel around the beautiful bay and have lunch on board the boat.
The Natural Paradise, a luxury yacht customized to carry 16 adventurers in comfort and safety through the Galapagos Islands. Cruise range from 4 to 8 days.
Go on a diving tour off the coast of Santa Cruz to see sea lions, sharks, seals, eels, sea stars, and bat fish. Pick from three different dives sites — they all have their own thriving populations of rare sea life. You'll find that the water is warmest between November and April.


The Illinois State Police District 1 announced the ISP will conduct Special Traffic Enforcement Patrols or sTEP in Lee, Ogle and Whiteside Counties during the month of November.
The patrols will focus on the fatal four violations. These include DUI, Safety Belt and Child Restraint, Speeding and Distracted Driving.
State Troopers will increase daytime and nighttime patrols to ensure the safety of vehicle travelers through enforcement of all traffic safety laws.
The project is funded through the Illinois Department of Transportation.


Bobby invites you to RSVP to our 25th year here!
Mike is the first GOC Council Member to introduce themselves to new GOC subscribers and welcome them to the GOC via video. Please click below to view video.
We are thrilled and excited to be celebrating 25 continuous years of The Gathering of Circles. We are planning on a big year, with extra guest speakers, an earlier start, a welcome lodge for early arrivals among other exciting activities, new and old. But we need your help. Your GOC requires many volunteers, coordinators, and good-hearted people willing to step up or simply lend a hand. Experience the joy of service to yourself and others by helping out. There's something for everyone's ability or interests.
It IS epic!, and as part of the celebration, we have invited three past Speakers from the GOC back to speak again this year. All three Speakers are recognized internationally as Elders and deeply connected to Spirit. All three have long histories of walking their talk, and communicating their messages to audiences around the World.
For a long time I prayed and meditated over my decision to enter the Inipi, the traditional sweatlodge. My heart had to be right. It's not a choice to be taken lightly. Not unless you are a fool and want to risk your physical and emotional wellbeing. Not to mention the risk you are taking spiritually.
In the year 2000 four women got together and created a CD containing many of the songs sung at the Gathering of Circles. We have been singing them for years now. Instead of hearing them only at GOC events many hearts wanted to take them home, learn them and make them their own. A donation of $10.00 to the GOC will reserve your copy to pick up at the GOC event. If you wish, I can mail your copy to you.
The initial CD has been re-mastered for better sound quality and separated into individual tracks. In addition four new songs have been added. Two from Tim Robertson and two from Reecee Wilkinson.
I would like to order the "Songs We Sing" CD. I understand that I will donate $10.00 to the GOC in return for the CD unless I already have the original release in which case I will donate $5.00.


text:
package graphics3D;

/**
 * @author Jack
 */
public class Vector3D {

    private double[] direction;

    public Vector3D(double x, double y, double z){

        direction = new double[]{x,y,z};

    }

    public double[] getDirection() {

        return direction;

    }

    public void setDirection(int x, int y, int z) {

        direction = new double[]{x,y,z};

    }

    public void addVector(Vector3D v) {

        direction[0] = v.getDirection()[0] + getDirection()[0];
        direction[1] = v.getDirection()[1] + getDirection()[1];
        direction[2] = v.getDirection()[2] + getDirection()[2];

    }

    public void subtractVector(Vector3D v) {

        direction[0] = v.getDirection()[0] - getDirection()[0];
        direction[1] = v.getDirection()[1] - getDirection()[1];
        direction[2] = v.getDirection()[2] - getDirection()[2];

    }

    public void rotateXY(double degrees) {

        double rad = Math.toRadians(degrees);
        double a = direction[0], b = direction[1], c = direction[2];
        direction[0] = Math.cos(rad)*a + Math.sin(rad)*-1*b;
        direction[1] = Math.sin(rad)*a + Math.cos(rad)*b;

    }

    public void rotateXZ(double degrees) {

        double rad = Math.toRadians(degrees);
        double a = direction[0], b = direction[1], c = direction[2];
        direction[0] = Math.cos(rad)*a + Math.sin(rad)*c;
        direction[2] = Math.sin(rad)*-1*a + Math.cos(rad)*c;

    }

    public void rotateYZ(double degrees) {

        double rad = Math.toRadians(degrees);
        double a = direction[0], b = direction[1], c = direction[2];
        direction[1] = Math.cos(rad)*b + Math.sin(rad)*-1*c;
        direction[2] = Math.sin(rad)*b + Math.cos(rad)*c;

    }

    /**
     * Scales the vector.
     * @param x The factor to multiply the x-axis size by.
     * @param y The factor to multiply the y-axis size by.
     * @param z The factor to multiply the z-axis size by.
     */
    public void scale(double x, double y, double z) {

        double a = direction[0], b = direction[1], c = direction[2];
        direction[0] = x*a;
        direction[1] = y*b;
        direction[2] = z*c;

    }

}


text:
530.186 resultaten
Otago Witness, Issue 2046 1893/05/11
...a very significant fact.- (Applause.) Mr Winter, M.L.A., regarded the question as primarily a moral one, and largely a social... (Otago, Otago, Nieuw-Zeeland - 1893)
The Bankers' directory and list of bank attorneys : containing a list of banks and bankers, also the names of reliable commercial lawyers recommended...
...Winter George, Cincinnati. O. Winter Gertrude, Maysville, Mo.... (Verenigde Staten - 1882)
The Mirage - 1960
...Williamson, John Willins, Mickey Wilson, Joe Winter, Diane .Vol Ynrd.Jim Womble. Barry Wood, Edward .Voodin, Nancy Woodmansee, Robert Woodworth. Tommy... (Albuquerque, Bernalillo, New Mexico, Verenigde Staten - 1960)
Syracuse city directory : containing also the names of the residents of Geddes and Danforth, a new census, a map and an appendix -...
...Joseph, tailor, bds. 144Townsend Winter Lena, widow Maurice, bds. 108... (Syracuse, Onondaga, New York, Verenigde Staten - 1880)
The Trelawny papers, vol. 3
...bends are in place, but Mr. Winter doth negle night the saing' of the planke verrie much. I thing, exceapte... (Maine, Verenigde Staten - 1884)
The registers of Coleby, Lincolnshire, 1561-1812, vol. 48
...Elizabeth Winter, the wife of Richard Winter was bur : March 18.... (Coleby (near Swinderby), Lincoln, Lincolnshire, Verenigd Koninkrijk - 1903)
History of Hamilton County, Ohio : with illustrations and biographical sketches
...Hernick, Frederick Schafer, Frederick Nieman, Charles Winter.... (Hamilton Co, Ohio, Verenigde Staten - 1881)
Depositions taken before the mayor and aldermen of Norwich, 1549-1567 : extracts from the court books of the city of Norwich, 1666-1688
...Mancroft, journeyman Weaver, wid., & Mary Winter, St.-Swithin's, wid.... (Norwich, Norfolk, Verenigd Koninkrijk - 1905)
Hampshire allegations for marriage licenses granted by the Bishop of Winchester, 1689 to 1837, [Vol. 2]
...WINTER, Matthew, mariner, & Martha Hurlock, of Portsmouth, sp., at P., 23 Nov.,... (Hampshire, Hampshire, Verenigd Koninkrijk - 1893)
History of western Maryland : being a history of Frederick, Montgomery, Carroll, Washington, Allegany, and Garrett counties from the earliest period to the present...
... John Winter, died June 3, 1827, aged 43 years, 5 months, 26... (Maryland, Verenigde Staten - 1827)
History of the Bunhill Fields burial ground : with some of the principal inscriptons
...with us our worthy minister, Mr. Winter, who was pleased to say he should wish to meet our good friend... (St. Luke, Middlesex, London, Verenigd Koninkrijk - 1887)
Steinfeld, Rheinland-Pfalz, Katholisches Pfarramt Taufregister, Heiratsregister, Sterberegister, 1682-1923 Index = Baptismal, marriage, and death registers for the Catholic Parish at Steinfeld, Pfalz, 1682-1923 [Indexes],...
...WINTER, Johann Heinrich, infant, Niederotterbach +4/14/1746... (Steinfeld (ba. Bergzabern), Bayern, Duitsland - 1746)
Slater's directory of Nottinghamshire, 1850
...st Rich Joseph, Blyth Winter Richard, High st LINEN &WOOLLEN DRAPERS.... (Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, Verenigd Koninkrijk - 1850)
The registers of St. Michael le Belfrey, York, part I, 1565-1653
... Edward Winter and Eliza. Wright, marryed the xj of August Edmund Smyth and Jane Moore,... (York, Yorkshire, North Yorkshire, Verenigd Koninkrijk - 1899)
The visitation of London, anno domine 1633, 1634, and 1635 ..., Vol. 1
...2 wife Mary wife to John Winter of Wooborne John Brightwell of Chardesley 1 sonne r... (London, London, Verenigd Koninkrijk - 1880)
Evening times-Republican 1902/09/04
... William Winter and wife returned a week ago from a two months' sojourn with friends... (Marshalltown, Iowa, Verenigde Staten - 1902)
Thames Star, Volume XXXIX, Issue 10107 1901/11/16
...& ALBERT SXREETS, . THAMES. Mrs Winter, Proprietress., < The Most. Centrally Situated, and Commodious Hotel on the Thames near... (Waikato, Waikato, Nieuw-Zeeland - 1901)
Wairarapa Daily Times, Volume LIX, Issue 9933 1908/08/01
...only the best of materials. Mr Winter is vow doing good business witu his Tui" waterproof boot polish.... (Wellington, Wellington, Nieuw-Zeeland - 1908)
Waikato Argus, Volume XXXI, Issue 4775 1911/08/14
...the HI DU MILKING MACHINE. Mr E. Winter of Kapuni ia the gentleman in question. He goes on to say... (Waikato, Waikato, Nieuw-Zeeland - 1911)
The Hartford Times genealogical queries, answers, and note file, Vol. 26b, d3064-d3173
...Jan. 26, 1702-3, Hannah Winter,... (New England, Verenigde Staten - 1702)
Timaru Herald, Volume LXIV, Issue 3484 1901/01/31
...called for for- Mir and Mrs Winter, the company singing, For he's a jolly good? fellow."" Tfie: sfeging of Auld... (Canterbury, Canterbury, Nieuw-Zeeland - 1901)
Waikato Argus, Volume XVIII, Issue 2878 1905/05/11
...the money in the house. Mr Winter's father was working in the garden and round about the stables and paddock,... (Waikato, Waikato, Nieuw-Zeeland - 1905)
Wairarapa Age, Volume XXX, Issue 8517 1907/08/23
...- HASTEUTON. TOWNSEND & COWPER, JUST WINTER STOCKS of DUCK & CANVAS suitable for HORSE & COW COVERS. Guarantee! to... (Wellington, Wellington, Nieuw-Zeeland - 1907)
Wairarapa Daily Times, Volume LXVI, Issue 11939 1914/03/28
...ft.) NICK WINTER NICK WINTER NICK WINTER NICK WINTER NICK WINTER and the KIDNAPPERS. KIDNAPPERS. KIDNAPPERS.... (Wellington, Wellington, Nieuw-Zeeland - 1914)
Waikato Argus, Volume XXV, Issue 3829 1908/07/09
...Lamey 2, Mrs Qualtrough v.h.c., Mrs H. Winter v.h.c. Currant cake: Miss B. A. Taylor 1, Miss Moroney 2, Mrs... (Waikato, Waikato, Nieuw-Zeeland - 1908)
Waikato Argus, Volume XXXIV, Issue 5325 1913/06/04
...F. Adams 1, Mrs M. Winter 2, Mrs S. Qualtrough 3, Mrs A. E. Williamson 4. Sausage rolls, 10... (Waikato, Waikato, Nieuw-Zeeland - 1913)
Waikato Times, Volume 88, Issue 13417 1917/02/19
...on acount of Mrs M. WINTER, who has sold her property, her FURNITURE AND EF- I FECTS, comprising:- SITTING... (Waikato, Waikato, Nieuw-Zeeland - 1917)
Timaru Herald, Volume XC, Issue 13226 1907/03/05
...U'adi-toce bag, the property of Roy Winter, and valued at £6, and Arthur l'. Mc Kay coiivicted of the theft... (Canterbury, Canterbury, Nieuw-Zeeland - 1907)
Waikato Times, Issue 12125 1911/11/08
...half lb rolls.-Mrs T. Barford, Mrs H. Winter, Mrs W. Tisch. 279 21bs unsalted butter in rolls - Mrs T.... (Waikato, Waikato, Nieuw-Zeeland - 1911)
San Francisco (San Francisco County, Calif.) directory (Volume 1982)
...1581 Winter Peter F ® 681-7487... (San Francisco Co, California, Verenigde Staten - 1581)
The history of England under the House of Stuart : including the Commonwealth, A.D. 1603-1688
... Thomas Winter, a soldier of fortune, and an old agent of the Spanish The plot... (Verenigd Koninkrijk - 1588)
Staff directory (Volume 1965/66)
...Winter, Leah Virginia, Clerk-Typist II, Dept. of Food Science.... (Illinois, Verenigde Staten - 1965)
Dover charters and other documents in the possession of the Corporation of Dover ,
...Winter, Roger, Power of Attorney-No. xcvii., Wyte, Thomas, to Thomas at Crouche-No. xl..... (Dover, England, Verenigd Koninkrijk - 1749)
The Trelawny papers (Vol. 3)
...shall giue you great thanks. Mr. Winter knows of their debt verie well. Some debts their are owinire I thinke... (England, Verenigd Koninkrijk - 1636)
...there was due then unto Mr. Winter for Ballance of Accounts for all things in Return £i/S gs. lod.... (England, Verenigd Koninkrijk - 1639)
The Court leet records of the manor of Manchester, from the year 1552 to the year 1686, and from the year 1731 to the...
...sworn ) M' Benj : Luke Winter sworn 1 M'" Archibald Bell sworn C... (Lancashire, Verenigd Koninkrijk - 1776)
The banyan (1949, volume 35)
...- Salt Lake City. Utah Don Winter - Inaepenaence, Missouri Annie Mae Turley - San-Antonio, Texas Gordon M. Taylor .-... (Utah, Verenigde Staten - 1500)
Star, Issue 12339 1918/06/08
...Drayton's, Colombo St, OTONE Footwarmers Tor Winter, 4s fid, LJ Rubber Hot-water Bags, 6s 9d, ' fia 9d, 8b fid,... (Canterbury, Canterbury, Nieuw-Zeeland - 1918)
Press, Volume LXXV, Issue 22781 1939/08/05
...Stewipv Pears, 201b 3/-, Winter Cole. 201b 3/-. Delivered Free. 'Phone 22-306.... (Canterbury, Canterbury, Nieuw-Zeeland - 1939)
Range Ledger, July 21 1917/07/21
..._188 Walter Luther Winter . T _36 Anthhoy Kramer . 21 _t _6 Arthur James Verkier .... (Hugo, Colorado, Verenigde Staten - 1917)
Longmont Ledger, July 24 1908/07/24
...caught by ye correspondent . Mike Winter lins quit rooming at the b . 0 tel ,. aud put up... (Longmont, Colorado, Verenigde Staten - 1908)
...ask Mrs. Wigglesworth ta let Mrs. Winter examine her room but he rather thought they would be seeing young Winter... (Marshalltown, Iowa, Verenigde Staten - 1909)
Steamboat Pilot, June 1 1910/06/01
..., the Hon . Sir James Winter , K . C , former attorney general of New Foundluiid . the... (Steamboat Springs, Colorado, Verenigde Staten - 1910)
Forest City press 1906/04/26
...book most frequent ly was Mr. Winter. Mr. Winter was a grocer. Of course in his business he daily met... (Forest City, Potter County, D.T., South Dakota, Verenigde Staten - 1906)
Evening Star, Issue 3178 1873/04/28
...that instrument on Wednesday evening Mr Winter, a gentleman possessing a fine tenor voice, will assist Miss Emanuel and Mr... (Otago, Otago, Nieuw-Zeeland - 1873)
...be appointed a proxy " JAMES WINTER, Secretary. PUBLIC NOTICES, COME and °ee the Californian Silv< Roller Skaters every afternoon,... (Otago, Otago, Nieuw-Zeeland - 1875)
The Barre daily times 1918/03/05
...Campbell, fanevwork, friend, fanev work, Mrs. Winter, bushel carrots, Jim Pirie, ouilt, Mrs. J. K. Roberts: glass berry set, William... (Barre, Vermont, Verenigde Staten - 1918)
Hot Springs weekly star 1899/08/11
...book most frequent ly waa Mr. Winter. Mr. Winter was a grocer. Of course, in his business he dally met... (Hot Springs, South Dakota, Verenigde Staten - 1899)
...welcome addition to the programme. Madame Winter, to whose efforts the satisfactory results are largely due, played a pianoforte solo... (Otago, Otago, Nieuw-Zeeland - 1893)
...Blackwood, Mr Sperriu. Mr and Mrs Winter, Mrs Elies. Mr J. Cowan, Mr W. G. Stronach, Mr J. Smith, Mr... (Otago, Otago, Nieuw-Zeeland - 1895)
Naam : WINTER
Kranten 406.476
Boeken 115.141
Overlijdensbericht 4.292
Tijdschriften 4.216
Wapenschilden 38
Andere documenten 23
Estlander
Noors