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New Zealand Axemen's Association
NZAA Official Positions: 2017 - 2018
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Home | Regional News | National Reports | 2013 - 2014 Season
Archivist Officers report:
Last year 2013-2014 year I had the pleasure to be able to help Lance Carroll from Tasmania to research and supply a letter to be used to hopefully help a relative of his be considered to be included in the Australian Hall of Fame. This man was Arthur Edward Sullivan who was an Australian by birth but spent many years in New Zealand winning several World Title events in the early 1900's. Arthur is included in the Tasmanian Axemen's Hall of Fame.
A World Champion Axeman between 1908 & 1913.
In addition he also won three double handed Australasian Championships in 1909 with A Carlson, in 1912 with Pedder and 1913 with C. Dwyer.
From the research that I have been able to source it is recorded that all World Title events where held in those early years were in 600 mm or 24 inch longs. It did not matter which discipline was being competed for standing, (also known as overhand at this time) or underhand, single saw or the double hand sawing event all had to be 24 inch logs.
In Eltham in 1908 24 inch single saw AE Sullivan 1st, D. Johnson 2nd, C. Volzke in a New Zealand record time of 1m16.4. In 1909 he placed second in the same event with D. Johnson 1st and A Carlson third this year the time was 2m 58. In 1910 D. Johnson and Arthur tied for 1st place with a time of 1m 31.4, in 1911 he was once more beaten for 1st place by W. Weston who was second with C. Volzke 3rd. In 1913 Arthur broke his own record with a world record time of 1m 9.6 in the same event.
Some other places that Arthur compete Hamilton NZ 1912 18" ss Anniversary Handicap 3rd place AE Sullivan, and Auckland NZ 1914 20" SSW NZ Championship 3rd place AE Sullivan.
To cut any timber of those sizes with the equipment available to these men would have been some feat. More an endurance race compared to today's competitors who with the better quality steel available to them cannot be compared to these earlier pioneers who truly had a hard life in many of the bush camps that was the main form of living, breaking in the country around this era.
As New Zealand was being broken in, at that time a greater number of competitors would have been around. Every small town had bush gangs falling logs all by hand axe or saw, from Kauri felling in the far north to other native logs further south. Axes and Saws were part of the life of the times often like extensions of a person's arm. They built them tough, with axe and timber jacks in hand walking up and down mountains and through steams, often with bullock teams and horses, no machinery like today.
It would be the day the towns and the country folk got together at the local A & P Show. These would be attended by locals and competitors from afar as the prize money on some of these events would have been quite a sum for the time so the competition was fierce.
World title events anywhere had to be guaranteed to meet the strict rules and competitors would have been first known as the best from many areas to be eligible to enter. The event would have to have been advertised in advance and sanctioned as being a world title event. Open to the best from all countries, it is noted that Arthur is Australian and we also have on record a George Thomas McCauley who was born in Katikati and also competed at Eltham in 1907, where he won a World Title event, the year before Arthur won his first in New Zealand. This appears to be a noted show that held World title events in various sizes and disciplines over a long period of time. The prize money on some of these events was more than a full year's wages at the time and axemen would plan out their calendar year around these big prize money events. One reason why many axemen attended from overseas is that they could travel the country working along the way and pick up good prize money as they went from show to show through the calendar of events.
As a note to the above A. Carlson is not the same person as W. Carlson the great South Island Sawyer who was sometimes recorded as A. Carlson as is some results W. Weston had his name was recorded as W. Western. Handicappers and recorders please ensure correct spelling which helps in years to come.
More can be read about Arthur from "Out of the Woodwork" The story of Arthur Edward Sullivan, his life and achievements 1880 to 1930. In Arthur's relatively short life of 49 years and three months, born in Australia marrying and then moving to NZ where he worked in the timber industry most likely as a bushman working for one of the local mills. Arthur married and came to New Zealand with his new bride and had a number of children, one his son also called Arthur but was known as Jerry was born in New Plymouth and thanks to Tania Bellamy she was able to help find out more family information for Lance to fill in the family history gaps.
Arthur travelled back to Australia where he became a publication which is quite a big change from a bushman in New Zealand. He owned the Hobart Hotel and the Union Club Hotel in Hobart. Both are still standing and trading today, however the Hobart Hotel now goes under the name of Montgomery's Hobart Hotel.
Although I can never lay my hands on the information that Eric held, this is currently in the Alexander Turnbull Library it is important that club secretaries either have their meetings results published in the Axemen's News or that they or the sub-association secretaries send me copies of this information.
I am happy to continue to store the NZAA files and documents which over my 12.5 years being national secretary has amounted to quite a large amount. Many documents have been lost by previous changes in office and some secretarial files arrived to me in boxes loosely thrown together. The above story is only one of many people who contact the NZAA each year seeking information only when many years pass by do people start to realise how important it is.
Val Baker
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Cal essay by bernard maclaverty
Posted on 14 Giugno 2020 by Academic essay thesis statement in Uncategorized
It contains a great selection of quotes and some strong analysis Essays for Cal. Like a devil and angel arguing on his shoulder, Cal is being pulled between working with the Irish Republican Army (IRA) and the love he has for a woman named Marcella Cal by bernard Maclaverty Essay. The father is a scared man. A lot of things just got in the way, he says Mon 31 Jul 2017 03.00 EDT Last modified on Wed 18 Dec.-Nephew: curious, emotional, observant Period of Literature Setting Plot -Catholicism "They had tried to wrap. The book Cal by Bernard MacLaverty is set in this trying time and explores the main character, Cal's, inner conflict. Mac Laverty has gained considerable attention as an important new author Cal' by Bernard MacLaverty. This explains his strained relationship to his father; he finds it difficult to accept his deeds and would like to be alone "Cal" by Bernard Mac Laverty "Cal" is the jewel in the crown of novels about Ireland. One of the major themes of the novel is the way in which the title character attempts to come to terms with taking part in the murder of a reserve police officer by his friend Crilly, an operation for which he was the getaway driver, while at the same time trying. Father and Son by Bernard McLaverty 'Father and Son' by Bernard McLaverty is a short story which is set in a time of conflict and culminates in the death of one of the main characters Father and Son by Bernard McLaverty 'Father and Son' by Bernard McLaverty is a short story which is set in a time of conflict and culminates in the death of one of the main characters. He becomes involved in an IRA killing, then romantically involved with the victim's wife. Written in 1983, in the midst of the "Troubles" of Northern Ireland, by the Irishman, "Cal" succeeded in giving the deep understanding of what was happening within the country at that period Bernard Mac Laverty 1942– Irish novelist, short story writer, and scriptwriter. Proofreading sets any writing apart from "acceptable" and makes it exceptional Essay writing service to the rescue. Cal was made into a motion picture in 1984 Protestants burn down Cal's father's house, and Cal begins living in a bernard cottage on the farm Morton's murder is extremely gruelling and arduous. Cal by Bernard Mac Laverty Essay Sample. Cal by Bernard MacLaverty tells us the tragic story about a young, unemployed Catholic named Cal Maclusky. Cal by Bernard MacLaverty tells us the tragic story about a young, unemployed Catholic named Cal Maclusky.He lives in Northern Ireland in an ulster where mostly Protestants live and is the son of a stubborn widowed abattoir man who refuses to leave his home even though their house had been firebomb threatened several times.Cal's life is tough and trouble always seems to find him, his mother. Jul 01, 2019 · FATHER AND SON BERNARD MACLAVERTY CRITICAL ESSAY - Published by Britton Byrd Modified over 3 years ago It is possible to read the complete novels of Bernard MacLaverty in a weekend. Bernard MacLaverty, the Glasgow-based Irish writer whose recently published collected stories span 50 years, takes as his starting point a comment made by a fellow Irish writer Directed by Pat O'Connor. Set in Northern Ireland, it tells the story of Cal, a young, unemployed Catholic man living on a Protestant housing estate at the height of The cal essay by bernard maclaverty Troubles. This essay explores the way setting is used in the novel. The eponymous Cal is the son of the only Catholic man still staying on a particular street in the mid 1970s Cal is a 1983 novel by Bernard MacLaverty, detailing the experiences of a young Irish Catholic involved with the IRA Plot summary. He lives in Northern Ireland in an ulster where mostly Protestants live and is the son of a stubborn widowed abattoir man who refuses to leave his home even though their house had been firebomb threatened several times Cal by Bernard MacLaverty tells us the tragic story about a young, unemployed Catholic named Cal Maclusky. The book Cal by Bernard MacLaverty is set in this trying time and explores the main character, Cal's, inner conflict. National 5 Critical Essay Advice. Guilt, atonement and the futility of war are the central themes in Bernard MacLaverty's 1983 novel Cal. I believe this is true because of the effective characterisation, thought provoking themes and clearly significant setting [a2]in which it takes place An extract from Cal, a 1983 novel by Northern Ireland author Bernard MacLaverty.Cal focuses on the experiences of a young Catholic man living on a predominately Protestant estate during the 1970s.
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Essay on "Cal" by Bernard MacLaverty Critical Analysis Task: Choose a novel I which the central character is involved in conflict. This one-page guide includes a plot summary and brief analysis of Cal by Bernard Maclaverty. Ediciones AKAL, 2002. Cal by Bernard MacLaverty tells us the tragic story about a young, unemployed Catholic named Cal Maclusky. Set during the sixties and using the Troubles in Northern Ireland as a suitably depressing backdrop, "Cal" by Bernard MacLaverty is the tale of a tragic love affair and the hopelessness of life during the Troubles SuperSummary, a modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, offers high-quality study guides that feature detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, quotes, and essay topics. They live in Belfast, in a neighbourhood with a lot of violence.. Cal would cal essay by bernard maclaverty also like to be freed from then, but the Protestants could mot accept his freedom. He lives in Northern Ireland in an ulster where mostly Protestants live and is the son of a stubborn widowed abattoir man who refuses to leave his home even though their house had been firebomb threatened. Father and Son By Bernard MacLaverty Father and Son is a story about the relationship between a widower father and his teenage son. Cal is a 1983 novel by the Northern Irish writer Bernard MacLaverty.It is a story situated during one of the most difficult periods in Irish history, the time known as "the Troubles," when Northern Ireland was divided between Loyalist and Republican camps who envisioned very different futures for their country Cal study guide contains a biography of Bernard MacLaverty, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis Bernard MacLaverty's 'Cal' depicts Northern Ireland during the height of the Troubles, and is a good piece of serious fiction with a slightly journalistic feel. Cal' by Bernard MacLaverty. Cal. Guilt, atonement and the futility of war are the central themes in Bernard MacLaverty's 1983 novel Cal. An extract from Cal, a 1983 novel by Northern Ireland author Bernard MacLaverty.Cal focuses on the experiences of a young Catholic man living on a predominately Protestant estate during the 1970s. Like a devil and angel arguing on his shoulder, Cal is being pulled between working with the Irish Republican Army (IRA) and the love he has for a woman named Marcella MacLaverty, Bernard. $12.95 Work. "Father and Son" "Father and Son" is a story about the relationship between a widower father and his teenage son. Writing quality college papers Father And Son Bernard Maclaverty Critical Essay can really be such a stress and pressure. Vol. The novel Cal by Bernard Mac Laverty is a touching portrayal of love being found where thought impossible, yet, is more than just a love story. Task: Choose a novel or short story or work of non-fiction which has a key moment. 1288 words (5 pages) Essay in English Literature If you are the original writer of this essay and no longer wish to have the essay published on the UK Essays. Big Troubles in Northern Ireland: The Conflicted Character of Cal; O Mother, Where Art Thou?: Parental Absence in Literatures of Conflict. MacLaverty (Lamb) accomplishes this short novel with a shudder-soft grace and inevitability; little here feels forced or elongated, though the story itself is almost banal in bare outline. 170 pp. Guilt, atonement and the futility of war are the central themes in Bernard MacLaverty's 1983 novel Cal. Cal by Bernard MacLaverty tells us the tragic story about a young, unemployed Catholic named Cal Maclusky.He lives in Northern Ireland in an ulster where mostly Protestants live and is the son of a stubborn widowed abattoir man who refuses to leave his home even though their house had been firebomb threatened several times.Cal's life is tough and trouble always seems to find him, his mother. Through the author's skilful use of literary techniques, we know the outcome of this story is inevitably going to. Cal. 30. Ediciones AKAL, 2002. Cal starts his job in a slaughterhouse after he finished school. Bernard MacLaverty, Cal by. They cannot be used as your own paper, even a part of it. Vol.
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Through the author's skilful use of literary techniques, we know the outcome of this story is inevitably going to. The eponymous Cal is the son of the only Catholic man still staying on a particular street in the mid 1970s Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Cal by Bernard MacLaverty (Trade Paper) at the best online prices at eBay! Secrets by Bernard MacLaverty Characterization -Great Aunt Mary: elegant, private, strict, lovable/loving, unyielding "his aunt's voice, harsh for once, warned"(292). Lamb by Bernard MacLaverty is a tragic and emotive novel which deals with (answer the question). cal essay by bernard maclaverty -Nephew: curious, emotional, observant Period of Literature Setting Plot -Catholicism "They had tried to wrap. New York: George Braziller. 2.62 avg rating — 8 ratings — published 2003 Want to. His father works there too but it makes him nauseous. With Helen Mirren, John Lynch, Donal McCann, John Kavanagh. Cal by Bernard MacLaverty tells us the tragic story about a young, unemployed Catholic named Cal Maclusky. Cal essays are academic essays for citation. Give a brief account of the key moment and, by referring to appropriate techniques, show how it is significant to the text as a whole Secrets by Bernard MacLaverty Characterization -Great Aunt Mary: elegant, private, strict, lovable/loving, unyielding "his aunt's voice, harsh for once, warned"(292). MacLaverty's 1980 novel Lamb is about faith, relationships and, ultimately, love; Cal is an examination of love in the midst of Irish violence.Grace Notes, which was shortlisted for the 1997 Booker Prize, is about the conflict between a desire to compose and motherhood. Cal By Bernard Maclaverty Analysis English Literature Essay Bernard MacLaverty was born in Belfast in 1942, and moved to Scotland in 1975, where he lived in Edinburgh, on the Isle of Islay, and now in Glasgow Father and Son by Bernard McLaverty 'Father and Son' by Bernard McLaverty is a short story which is set in a time of conflict and culminates in the death of one of the main characters.
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This is where we keep all of our audio files. To listen to any sermon on your computer, just click on the title of the sermon in the second to left column.
By default the sermons are sorted by date, starting with the most recent messages. If you would like to sort by speaker, sermon title, or series, just click the "sort" button at the top of the respective columns.


Rich Davis scored 29 points and Andray Glenn added 17 points and nine rebounds to lead Grand Canyon to an 87-77 victory over Hawaii Pacific in Division II college basketball last night in Phoenix.
Audrius Peciukas had 24 points and 11 rebounds for the Sea Warriors (1-7), and Adam Reinking added 14 points.
The Antelopes improved to 9-1.
Brandon Masingall, a sophomore golfer for Hawaii-Hilo, won the Francis H. I'i Brown Match Play Invitational on Saturday at Mauna Lani Resort on the Kohala Coast of the Big Island.
Masingall defeated Drew Surmeier 5 and 4 in the final.
"This is a new event for the Mauna Lani Resort and its Francis H. I'i Brown Golf Courses," said Dennis Rose, Mauna Lani's PGA director of golf. "It's strictly an invitational event to highlight the match play capabilities of some of the finest golfers in Hawaii. This event is an extension of the Francis H. I'i Brown Island of Hawaii Men's and Women's Amateur Championship that was last played in 1963. We plan to make it an annual event for the years to come."
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Visit a collection of temporary communities in this week's episode of All The Best.
Producer Bethany Atkinson-Quinton dives into the world of women's AFL in her new audio series Her Game. The series unpacks how some people experience their gender in the traditionally hyper-masculine world of Australian Rules Football. Her Game looks at the stories of players, coaches, presidents, supporters and reporters. Featured in this week's episode of All The Best, we hear from a female coach about her under 12 girls team. Life lessons in personal space, strength, and confidence sown with the seeds of AFL.
On Sydney's Northern Beaches, a genre of local tale exists in the form of "L90 stories": larger-than-life recounts of overzealous community figures, insane drunken interactions, friendships forged and punches thrown. ATB producers Aidan Molins and Matt Kearns wondered, has the legendary and infamous bus created a community of its own? They grabbed a recorder and took to the bus for 12 hours one Friday to find out.
Living in a university college is often described as the best time of your life. The media on the other hand, usually tells a different story. One of brutal hazing ceremonies, dangerous initiation games and serious mistreatment of women. But what was it really like for the students themselves? How did three people who experienced the same type of community, in their own way, feel about it? We asked three students to paint their own picture of college.


Florida cuisine is probably one of the most unique and diverse in the world. The rich exchange of multicultural cuisines began when Ponce de León first staked a claim for Spain in 1513. Early Native American, Spanish, and European styles were significantly influenced by ingredients and flavors brought by the Africans in the sixteenth century, and by early Anglo-American settlers from regions north of Florida.
Through the years, Florida's basic Spanish and Southern cuisines have continued to blend with a wide range of cultures.
Minorcans used the native datil peppers to flavor their sauces and pilaus, and in the early 1900s many Jewish restaurants sprang up as Jewish communities grew. People moving in from the northern states developed new ways to use guavas, fresh seafood, wild ginger, and countless other locally grown foods. In 1959, the first of several migrations of Cuban refugees added yet another new cuisine. Cuban sandwich shops, black beans, and arroz con pollo became commonplace. Bahamians, Haitians, Nicaraguans, Vietnamese, and many more ethnic groups continue to influence the local flavors, making it one of the country's most interesting regional cuisines.


Kristi Newsome, born and raised in Fort Worth, is a graduate of Texas Christian University and married to Dallas native Michael Newsome. She has always had a passion for residential real estate, and in 2006 chose to begin her career as an agent with Briggs Freeman Sotheby's International Realty. By joining one of Dallas's top brokerage firms, she felt she would be able to offer her clients the very best in professional services.
She takes pride in educating herself in the market. Kristi attends weekly MLS tours, open houses and is constantly watching the Active and Sold listings. She is a member of a networking group TIER (The Industry Elite Realtors) that meets twice a month to tour new listings, discuss hip pockets, and new trends in the market.


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Home › Information › Cases › Arqiva Ltd & Ors v Everything Everywhere Ltd & Ors (2011)
Arqiva Ltd & Ors v Everything Everywhere Ltd & Ors (2011)
Arqiva Ltd & Ors v Everything Everywhere Ltd & Ors (2011)
In an expedited trial the court construed aspects of various agreements between mobile phone network operators and the owners of sites on which telecommunications equipment was provided.
In an expedited trial the court construed aspects of various agreements between the claimants (X) and defendants (E and O), who were mobile phone network operators. E and O had arranged to install and operate their telecommunications networks by using antennae and other equipment at sites owned, leased, provided and/or managed by X. O held two spectrum licences under the Wireless Telegraphy Act 2006. E and O subsequently announced a joint venture to integrate their operations. Discussions were entered into with X as to the arrangements at X's sites that arose from the integration. The parties were unable to reach agreement as to the rights of E and O to introduce roaming under the existing agreements but they subsequently started the testing of a roaming facility. The spectrum licences were replaced by licences issued in March, 2011 by OFCOM in E's name. X issued proceedings and sought interlocutory injunctions and other relief against O and E. X contended that; (1) the purported transfer of the licences from O to E did not comply with the Wireless Telegraphy Act 2006 s.30 and the licence issued by OFCOM was void; (2) the roaming permitted by E to O, or by O to E, would breach the provisions of the various agreements they had with X.
1) What occurred in March, 2011 was a transfer of the relevant licence from O to a separate legal entity, E, which had not been made in accordance with s.30 and would be void. That was a preliminary view as something could exist to justify the decision taken by OFCOM to affect the transfer between the two legal entities. Accordingly, the issues had to be approached on the basis that E and not O had held the relevant licences since March, 2011, alternatively, on the basis that O was still the holder of those licences (see paras 70-72 of judgment). (2) The agreements should be construed as meaning that E was prevented from making use of the sites, facilities, equipment, licensed frequencies or licensed technology under any arrangement for the carriage of voice or data traffic. The arrangement under which O's customers were permitted to roam on E's network was an arrangement for the carriage of voice or data traffic using the licensed frequencies of E. That was the essence of the roaming arrangement. On the evidence there was a significant and material risk that O would decommission X's sites. Accordingly, to the extent O remained a licensed operator the agreements did not permit the use X's sites for roaming (paras 81-82 and 87). (3) Any breaches of the agreements related to the use and occupation of property and therefore affected property rights. The dispute essentially concerned the terms and conditions upon which X would grant rights to E and O in circumstances where X was in the business to provide services to providers of mobile communications services. (4) Submissions were invited as to the appropriate form of relief (para.225).
Judgment accordingly
Ramsey J
LTL 7/6/2011 : [2011] EWHC 1411 (TCC)
Andrew Ayres QC


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Comparison of mechanical complications of central venous catheter according to the insertion site in an intensive care unit of Bangladesh
Debasish Kumar Saha Assistant Professor, Dept of Critical Care Medicine, BIRDEM, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Suraiya Nazneen Registrar, Dept of Critical Care Medicine, BIRDEM, Dhaka, Bangladesh
ASM Areef Ahsan Head, Dept of Critical Care Medicine, BIRDEM, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Madhurima Saha Registrar, Dept of Critical Care Medicine, BIRDEM, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Kaniz Fatema Associate Professor, Dept of Critical Care Medicine, BIRDEM, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Fatema Ahmed Associate Professor, Dept of Critical Care Medicine, BIRDEM, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Rozina Sultana Registrar, Dept of Critical Care Medicine, BIRDEM, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Central venous catheter, mechanical complications, intensive care unit, insertion site
Background: Central venous catheter (CVC) insertion is very common in intensive care unit (ICU). CVC is usually inserted in subclavian, internal jugular and femoral veins. However, CVC insertion may lead to significant mechanical complications. Our aim was to detect the occurrence of CVC related mechanical complications according to different insertion site.
Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out during the period of May 2016 to July 2019 in Department of Critical Care Medicine, BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, enrolling 349 adult patients requiring new CVC insertion in ICU.
Results: Among 349 study subjects, 167 CVC were inserted through subclavian vein, 88 through internal jugular and 94 through femoral vein. There was no significant difference among three groups (subclavian / internal jugular / femoral) in terms of age, gender distribution, presence of co-morbid illness.Total mechanical complicationsin study population was 43 (12.3 %) including pneumothorax (14, 4.0%), arterial puncture (10, 2.9%), hemorrhage (11, 3.2%), catheter tip malposition (6, 1.7%), hemothorax (1, 0.3%) and lost guidewire (1, 0.3%). Pneumothorax was more with internal jugular (9.1%) than subclavian (3.6 %) route, which was statistically significant (p=0.007). Although hemorrhage and arterial puncture events were higher with femoral site than subclavian or internal jugular, which were not significant. Catheter tip malposition occurred in 4 (2.4%) patients with subclavian insertion and 2 (2.3%) patients with internal jugular site, no such event in femoral site. Hemothorax and lost guidewire occurred in only 1 patient with subclavian and internal jugular site respectively. Site-wise total mechanical complications were higher in internal jugular (17.0%) followed bysubclavian (10.8%) site and femoral site (10.6%).
Conclusion: In this study, though not statistically significant, CVC related mechanical complications occurred more in subclavian site than in internal jugular or femoral insertion site.
Saha, D. K., Nazneen, S., Ahsan, A. A., Saha, M., Fatema, K., Ahmed, F., & Sultana, R. (2020). Comparison of mechanical complications of central venous catheter according to the insertion site in an intensive care unit of Bangladesh. BIRDEM Medical Journal, 10(2), 115–119. https://doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v10i2.47742


Designing a national human settlements policy has to be done with the objective of improving the living environment for a sustainable future. The policy so formed has to identify and implement strategies aimed pat reducing the level of poverty in human settlements, including the realization of the goal of shelter for all.
The existence of a large and a growing number of homeless, especially the poor and the disadvantaged and the pressures of rural immigrants invading the cities, not only clouds the possibility of sustainable development, but also threatens community integration, social peace and political stability. To achieve the desired results of their policy, the authorities have to take a bold move in the execution of their project proposals. Many an urban problem in all sectors of development was the result of poor governance land lack of institution-building. Today the most descriptive word "Good" has been dismissed. Terms like open, accountable, just, responsible and transparent, a set of fancy and artificial terms have been used to qualify governance.
Commitment towards an enabling local leadership, decentralizing authority and resources, formation of community based organizations, institutionalizing a participatory approach to development and management, conducting and managing a continuous dialogue with civil society, capacity building and training, promoting equal access to reliable information and ensuring the availability of education are the major areas that constitute good governance. This is what we lack today in this country.
Thus the national shelter policies and programs generally tend to remain at national level and are rarely localized. Non-penetration of national policies to local level or non-availability of appropriate mechanisms for localising national shelter policy programs appears to have broken down the effective and enabling shelter programs that were available to the poor and the disadvantaged communities in the rural and urban sectors.
Lack of integration, coordination and communication between and among the executing agencies and the stakeholder partners have left the local authorities and the community isolated. The "Doing it alone" habit of the implementing agencies should change. If action is taken to reinvent the wheel, the opportunities of sharing experience and lessons learnt, creating synergy, replication and up scaling are easily possible. This will lead to positive changes even in the development of new technology, to further reduce the cost of improvised and conventional housing technology that existed in Sri Lanka in the past.
We need to develop national and local linkages between policy and practice. This will ensure proven good practice and feedback into the national policy- making process and help them to include new thinking into the policy frame. Achievements and performance at local authority level should be recognised and they should be given the responsibility in the implementation of national policy and tackling urban poverty which has become a national phenomenon. The national shelter policy program should always be compiled and combined with poverty alleviation, provision of potable water, health, sanitation and organised solid and liquid waste management. If such measures were to be adopted, development of urban-rural linkages would be much easier in the Sri Lankan context.
Good governance is a global campaign that Sri Lanka needs to adopt to realize sustainable Human Settlements Development through a participatory development and decision making process. This is a very forceful process where capabilities, abilities, competencies and responsibilities are continuously transformed to the tasks of local leadership and their partners in the management of affairs of their own city or the village. The stakeholder partners will pressure the city fathers and the city administration to provide more efficient and effective responses to the needs of their cities and citizens. This is what we need to promote to develop our rural and the urban areas.
A sustainable village can afford to acquire urban facilities for its citizens. A village that acquires such urban facilities only will transform itself to a city. This type of transformation of rural towns to urban cities will turn out to be sustainable. Migration of rural population to urban centres or to major cities has created housing of poor quality. Acute problems created by rapid urbanisation are most visible in the existing city slums and shanty developments that have taken place in the vacant state lands in the periphery of the major cities.
The urban population is expected to grow rapidly with over 50% of the people expected to be urban by year 2010.Therefore human settlement policies should cater to improving the facilities at village level to that of the urban settlers.
This alone would not be sufficient. The state should ensure that environmental and development settings of the village are gradually transformed into economic centres. These economic centres need to develop their capacities to meet the demand of the metropolis and other capital cities. This type of changes will promote and facilitate the commitment to realize the Millennium Development Goals of the UN Habitat, and will reduce the suffering of the less privileged in the rural and the urban areas of Sri Lanka.
In other words the Millennium Development Goals should be localized to the level of the Pradeshiya Sabha and to the Grama Sevaka Division levels, if we are to overcome the present plight of our rural and the urban poor. We need to transform sustainable rural economic centres into mini urban town centres with all urban facilities that are available to other urban settlers.
Human settlement policies, issues and activities by their very nature are cross-sectoral inter-institutional and involve a multitude of sectors.
Therefore it is necessary to identify the key subject areas of physical and service elements in human settlements. In this context participatory decision-making is the most powerful tool that would support a process of good governance and promote shelter development to match the needs of stakeholder recipients.
There are 14 Municipal Councils, 39 Urban Councils and 258 Pradeshiya Sabhas in the country.
It is the need of the hour that the National Shelter Program and other development activities should be broad based and carried out with the support and assistance of committed stakeholders in the public, private and popular sectors, political leaders, officials at the helm of the key sectors, community and private sector representatives and leaders of women's and youth organisations. Academic institutions may be potential stakeholders and partners in shelter and other development programs.
The stakeholder partners identified should be formed into a permanent consultative committee comprising the city fathers and the city administrators. Decision making, planning, project designing and execution should be done though this consultative committee. This consultative committee should be institutionalized and made one of the standing committees of the council.
Shelter development cannot be taken in isolation. Water, sanitation, solid and liquid waste management, health care, energy, agriculture, fisheries and industries are important sectors that need special attention for the upkeep of lives of those in occupation of any human settlement, whether urban or rural.
The state agencies involved in shelter development and the local authorities themselves must define what they need to ascertain in compiling a profile of their local areas pertaining to its needs in the shelter sector.
Each local authority should compile a city profile of their local authority area. This would be an initial investment on their future development programs. In some localities people based development committees have been formed.
Housing and community development councils that have been formed in some municipal councils have become strong decision making bodies.
In some local authorities where the Sustainable Cities Program (SCP) of the UN Habitat is in operation, thematic working groups have been formed and the stakeholders take decisions in conducting its affairs with the participation of the local authorities. We need to make this process stronger.
Today we are on the threshold of a new era. Past experiences have proved the old ways of administration do not work to meet the present development challenges.
This is why we need to restructure our development strategy giving high priority to development though a process of good Governance, where the youth could effectively participate in their city development programs.
We can make this process a success only with the participation of every segment of our community. In this effort, all the development agencies of the central and the local governments have a critical role to play.
Our local governments need to be made strong institutions with sufficient powers to enable them to execute national polices at the local authority level.
This would easily transform them to be the bedrock of public service. If we need a change to our society we need to consider the local government as the focal point.
The development agencies of the central government must assist them in conducting their development programs with the local authorities through a process of good governance, if the country is to remain peaceful in the future.


The Christa McAuliffe Technology Conference serves as a forum for exchanging technology-based success stories, integration tips, instructional strategies, technical solutions, and management techniques, that really work in the learning environment. Based upon the concept of collegial sharing, the focus is on what is possible with the resources we have available today. The conference also provides a forum for investigating new and emerging technologies.
emphasis on 1-1 interaction between students and teachers. The most important concept presented is that the flipped classroom is more of an open-ended approach to teaching rather than a specific method.


text:
KAMC News at 5
Ramos Admits to Stabbing Death of Young Woman, Punishment to Come
by: Staff | newsweb@everythinglubbock.com
Posted: Jun 12, 2017 / 10:50 AM CDT
Updated: Jun 12, 2017 / 10:50 AM CDT
Jury selection began Monday in the murder trial of Ruben Ramos III of Lubbock. Ramos pleaded guilty, however, he will go before a jury instead of a judge for punishment.
Ramos and Justin Angel Flores were indicted for the October 2015 stabbing death of Nakasha Nolan, 23.
An official statement at the time said, "Patrol officers responded to a check subject slumped over inside a white Chevy Impala at 1604 45th Street."
It also said, "Officers arrived and located a female slumped over inside a white Chevy Impala with multiple stab wounds."
Ramos, now age 23, told investigators he believed Nolan was a "snitch" or a person who cooperates with police.
Ramos was arrested in November of 2015. He remained in custody Monday in lieu of a $500,000 bond.
Flores, now age 21, continued to be held Monday in the Lubbock County Detention Center on a $1 million bond.
The range of punishment for murder is five to 99 years or life in prison. A jury will hear testimony on the case and then decide Ramos' fate.
Get a grip: Taking care of your tires in cold weather
Weather for Lubbock and South Plains / 1 hour ago


text:
How we run the award
Award Sections
Programme & Calendar
Leaders and volunteers
Alan Lloyd, DofE Coordinator and DofE Manager
Alan has been running the award at the college since 1982 and is a keen mountaineer with a wealth of knowledge about the Award.
Alan has a Mountain Leadership Certificate and valid first aid qualification. As well as numerous expeditions in the UK he has lead expeditions to the French Alps, the Pyrenees and the Italian Dolomites.
Alan is also a Vice Principal of the college with responsibility for resources and information systems. His office is room C101.
Steve Scatterson, DofE Leader
Steve has been a leader of the award since 2007 and is a keen fell walker having climbed all the Wainright's in the Lake District.
Steve, has a Hill Walking certificate and a valid first aid qualification. He has led numerous expeditions in the Scottish Highlands
Steve is also a teacher of Business Studies and when not teaching can be found in the Business and IT staffroom C104
Ken Baird, DofE Volunteer
Ken has been a leader of the award since 2007 and is a keen fell walker.
Ken, has a Hill Walking certificate and a valid first aid qualification. He has led numerous expeditions in the Scottish Highlands
Ken is also a teacher of History and when not teaching can be found in the Humanities staffroom R206
Rob Butler, Volunteer
Rob has been helping with the award at the college since 2011 and before that with another unit in Northumberland. Rob holds Gold, Silver and Bronze awards, completing his Gold award in 2002.
Rob is a keen fell walker and has completed a number of long-distance walks in the UK.
Rob is also a teacher of Mathematics and Statistics and when not teaching can be found in the Maths office in R102.
Kerry Creegan, Volunteer
Kerry joined the team in 2017 and, amongst other things, is actively involved in Girl Guiding.
Kerry is also a teacher of Mathematics and when not teaching can be found in the Maths office in R102.
Clair Gorse, DofE Volunteer
Clair joined the team in 2017 and is a keen hillwalker, cyclist and has a valid first aid certificate.
Clair is a Business Studies and ICT teacher and when not teaching can be found in the Business and IT department staffroom, C104
Ruth Large, DofE Volunteer
Ruth joined the team in 2017 and has helped out with DofE in her previous employment.
Ruth enjoys hillwalking and has a valid first aid qualification.
Ruth is also a Pastoral Mentor at the college and can normally be found in the Link.
Sam Witter, DofE Volunteer
Sam joined the team in 2017 is a keen sportsman and an ex-student of the college.
Sam teachers Economics and when not teaching can be found in the Business and IT staffroom C104
Andy Gillham, DofE Volunteer and Assessor
Andy jointly ran the award at the college from 1987 until his retirement in 2008. Andy has since continued to be involved as a volunteer and is a keen mountaineer with a wealth of knowledge about the Award.
A keen hillwalker, Andy is a qualified expedition Assessor and has a valid first aid qualification. As well as numerous expeditions in the UK he has lead expeditions to the French Alps, the Pyrenees and the Italian Dolomites.
James Moore, DofE Volunteer
James is an ex-student of the college who successfully completed his Gold Expedition in 1997. Finally, gaining his gold award in 2003. James as helped as a volunteer since 2004 and accompanied us on numerous expeditions to the Scottish highlands.
A keen hillwalker, James has a Mountain Leadership Certificate and a valid first aid qualification.
When not helping out with DofE, James is an Operations Manager working for Yorkshire Water.


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text:
Realism, ibland kallad naturalism, inom bildkonsten är generellt försöken att avbilda omvärlden så sanningsenligt som möjligt, utan stilisering eller försköning och utan omöjliga, exotiska eller övernaturliga delar. Realism har förekommit under många perioder och kan innebära olika saker.

Inom bildkonst kan realism innebära försöken att skapa en illusion av verklighet, som Trompe l'œil eller fotorealism, det vill säga att avbilda omvärlden på ett korrekt sätt med perspektiv, ljus- och färgförhållanden. Men realism eller naturalism kan även innebära att konstnären eftersträvar att avbilda realistiska ämnen – den faktiska verkligheten utan stilisering eller försköning – vilket ofta innebär ett fokus på det vardagliga, det som göms undan eller sociala orättvisor. Det senare var typiskt för 1800-talsrealismen som tog sin början i Frankrike på 1850-talet efter Franska revolutionen 1848, men även inom socialrealismen, nya sakligheten eller regionalismen. 1800-talsrealisterna avvisade romantiken, som länge hade dominerat den franska konsten och litteraturen.

Bildkonsten

Realism inom bildkonst är idén om den exakta, detaljerade och noggranna representationen av ögats registrering av händelser och ting, det vill säga avbildningar som vore de målade med fotografisk precision. Realismen i denna mening kallas också naturalism, mimesis eller illusionism. Denna form av illusorisk realistisk bildkonst har skapats under många perioder, och har då representerats av olika ideal. Den illusoriska realismen är tydlig inom det tidiga nederländska måleriet som hos Jan van Eyck och andra konstnärer på 1500-talet. Men trots de visuellt illusoriska effekterna avbildade denna konst ofta overkliga, religiösa och fantastiska motiv som änglar, monster och liknande. På samma sätt är 1800-talsrealisterna, som Gustave Courbet inte på något sätt speciellt kända för sina exakta och noggranna skildringar av verkligheten. Under Courbets tid var detta istället ofta något som tillskrevs det akademiska måleriet, som ofta med stor teknisk färdighet avbildade scener som var konstruerade och artificiella eller föreställde historiska händelser. Det är valet och behandlingen av ämnet som definierar realismen som en rörelse i bildkonsten, snarare än den noggranna uppmärksamheten åt visuella detaljer. Andra termer som naturalism slipper inte heller undan denna tvetydighet.

Illusorisk realism

Utvecklingen av alltmer korrekt visuell representation av ting har en lång historia inom konsten. Den omfattar sådan element som anatomiskt korrekt avbildning av människors och djurs anatomi, perspektiv och visuella effekter som uppstår genom avstånd, ljusförhållanden och färg. Det finns anmärkningsvärt levande avbildningar av djur inom paleolitisk konst och trots sin stiliserade estetik finns det realistiska avbildningar inom antik egyptisk konst. Inom den grekiska antikens konsten gjordes stora framsteg vad gäller anatomisk avbildning. Inga ursprungliga verk av de stora grekiska målarna har överlevt, men från litteraturen kan man utläsa att illusionism var högt värderat inom bildkonsten. Plinius den äldres berömda berättelse om fåglar som pickar på druvor målade av Zeuxis på 500-talet före vår tideräkning kan mycket väl vara en skröna, men indikerar idealet inom det grekiska måleriet. Förutom noggrannhet vad gäller form, ljus och färg visar romerska målningar en ovetenskaplig men effektiv kunskap om hur man kan avbilda avlägsna föremål som är mindre än de som är närmare och avbilda enklare geometriska former som tak och väggar i ett rum med perspektiv. Dessa framsteg i illusionistiska effekter innebar på intet sätt att konstnärerna gjorde några avsteg från den idealiserade kroppen. Skulpturer av grekiska gudar och hjältar visar hur de anatomiska kunskaperna användes för att skapa idealiserade och vackra former, även om det finns verk som går ifrån dessa ideal, som det kända "fula" porträttet som ofta tillskrivs Sokrates. Romerska porträtt, som distanserat sig ifrån det grekiska inflytande, visar ett större intresse för en sanningsenlig avbildning.

Senantikens konst avvisade illusionismen för ett mer expressivt uttryck, en förändring som redan påbörjats vid tiden då kristendomen började påverka elitens konstideal. Illusorisk realism skulle först återvända till den klassiska västerländska konsten under senmedeltiden och tidig renässans, bland annat på grund av utvecklingen av ny teknik inom oljemåleri som förenklade skapandet av mycket subtila och precisa ljuseffekter med hjälp av smala penslar och många tunna lager av färg och lasyr. Vetenskapliga metoder för att skapa perspektiv utvecklades i Italien och spred sig gradvis i Europa. Genom influenser från antik konst blev anatomisk korrekthet norm precis som de idealiserade kropparna.

Att exakt avbilda ett landskap hade utvecklats inom den tidiga nederländska konsten och under renässansen, men utvecklingen tog rejäl fart under 1600-talet, under den så kallade holländska guldåldern, med mycket subtila tekniker för att avbilda olika väder- och ljusförhållanden. Även porträttmåleriet och skulpturen utvecklades åt ett mer realistiskt håll även om de avbildade ofta idealiserades genom utjämnande drag och konstlade poser. Stillebenmåleriet spelade en stor roll för utvecklingen av den illusoriska avbildningen, men i den nederländska blomstermåleritraditionen avbildades länge blommor från alla årstider samtidigt vilket så klart snarare skapar en overklighetskänsla. Till på köpet var stora blombuketter i vaser, så som de avbildas i målningarna något väldigt ovanligt på 1600-talet då normen var att visa en blomma i taget.

Realism som ett sätt att avbilda det vanliga och alldagliga

Avbildningen av vardagliga ämnen har också en lång tradition inom bildkonsten, även om det ofta placerades i utkanten av kompositionen eller hade en mindre sekundär innebörd i bilden. Konst var något dyrbart som beställdes för specifika religiösa, politiska eller personliga syften vilket enbart erbjöd ett lite utrymme för den typen av scener. Drolerier, det vill säga burleska framställningar av fantasifigurer, i marginalerna på medeltida illuminerade manuskript innehåller ibland små vardagsscener. Med utvecklingen av perspektivteckningen erbjöds större ytor i bakgrunden på många utomhusscener som kunde göras mer intressanta genom att inkludera små figurer som ägnar sig åt vardagliga bestyr. Inom medeltida och tidig renässanskonst var det konvention att porträttera alla i samtida kläder varför det inte behövdes göra några ändringar även om motivet var religiöst eller historiskt.

Då handeln i Flandern var mycket god utvecklades en stor och välmående medelklass av köpmän vilket medförde att det tidiga nederländska måleriet började avbilda denna, i förhållande till tidigare porträttmåleri, lägre sociala klass som annars sällan förekommit inom denna konstform. Ett gott exempel är Makarna Arnolfinis trolovning från 1434 av Jan van Eyck. Vanligare var dock att medelklassen förekommer i religiösa scener som i Bebådelsen på Mérodealtaret av Robert Campin från 1425-1428 som innehåller väldigt detaljerade medelklassinteriörer. Dock ska tilläggas att objekten i båda dessa exempel bär på komplexa lager av symbolism vilket underminerar idén om att detta rör sig och realism för sin egen skull. Medeltida månadsbilder, varav många finns bevarade i tideböcker, avbildar främst bondens verksamhet under årets olika månader, ofta i ett rikt bemålat landskap, spelade en viktig roll för utvecklingen av landskapsmåleriet och för avbildningen av arbetarklassens vardag.

Under 1500-talet var det mode att i stora målningar inkorporera scener med arbetande människor, speciellt på marknader och i kök. I många av dessa har maten en minst lika framträdande roll som människorna. Exempel på detta finner man i verk av konstnärer som Pieter Aertsen och hans brorson Joachim Beuckelaer i Nederländerna, och  Bartolomeo Passerotti och Annibale Carracci i Italien. Pieter Bruegel den äldre är den konstnär som tillskrivs ha varit den första att skapa stora panoramamålningar som enbart avbildar böndernas liv. Detta blev inledningen på populariteten som detta genremåleri skulle få under 1600-talet, över hela Europa, med en mängd underkategorier som bamboccianti i Italien och bodegónes i Spanien, och sedermera introduktionen av den icke idealiserade bonden i historiemåleriet av konstnärer som Jusepe de Ribera och Velázquez. De tre franska bröderna Le Nain och många flamländska konstnärer, som Adriaen Brouwer, David Teniers den äldre och David Teniers den yngre målade bönder, men sällan bybor. Under 1700-talet var fortfarande målningar av arbetande människor populära, främst små målningar som baserades på holländskt tradition och främst av kvinnor.

Mycket konst som föreställde vanliga människor, särskilt i form av grafiska blad, var komiska och moralistiska, men enbart fattigdomen som ämne i sig verkar relativt sällan ha varit del av det moraliska budskapet. Från och med mitten av 1800-talet ändrades detta, och svårigheterna med livet för de fattiga betonades. Trots att denna trend sammanfaller med storskalig migration från landsbygden till städer i merparten av Europa, tenderar målare fortfarande att avbilda de fattiga på landsbygden, och lämnade i stor utsträckning grymheterna som förekom i stadens slumområden till illustratörer som Gustave Doré. Folkvimlet i städerna blev senare populära motiv bland impressionisterna och närbesläktade målare, särskilt bland de som befann sig i Paris.

Medeltida illuminierade manuskript innehåller ofta illustrationer av tekniken, men efter renässansen förekommer den typen av bilder nästan enbart i bokillustration, med undantag för marinmåleriet och hos ett fåtal konstnärer som Joseph Wright of Derby och Philip James de Loutherbourg, fram till den tidiga industriella revolutionen. Sådana ämnen sålde förmodligen dåligt och det finns en märkbar frånvaro inom måleriet av industrin, med undantag för några järnvägsmotiv, fram till senare delen av 1800-talet, då dylika konstverk började beställas, vanligtvis av industrialister eller av institutioner i industrialiserade städer, ofta i stor skala, och ibland skapade i en kvasiheroisk stil.

Realismen
Realismen som konströrelse inleddes under mitten av 1800-talet som en reaktion mot romantiken och historiemåleriet. Det var en rörelse som låtit sig inspireras av de revolutionära strömningarna i Europa och av Franska revolutionen i synnerhet. Den romantiska betoningen av känslan och fantasin ansågs vara en flykt från det verkliga livet. 1846 skrev den franska poeten och konstkritikern Charles Baudelaire att han ville se en konst som gav uttryck för det "heroiska i det moderna livet". Realisterna antog denna uppmaning. De ville avbilda vanligt folk i vardagliga sammanhangen och i arbete. Rörelsens främsta företrädare i Frankrike var Gustave Courbet, Jean-François Millet, Honoré Daumier och Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot.

Den franska realiströrelsen hade motsvarigheter i alla Västerländska länder, där de utvecklades något senare. Särskilt gruppen Peredvizjnikerna i Ryssland, vilka grundades på 1860-talet och som organiserade utställningar från 1871 omfattade flera realister som Ilja Repin, Vasilij Perov och Ivan Sjisjkin och utövade en ett stort inflytande på rysk konst. I Storbritannien hade konstnärer som Hubert von Herkomer och Luke Fildes stor framgång med sina realistiska målningar som avhandlade sociala frågor och i Tyskland tillhörde Adolph von Menzel samma strömning.

Realistiska rörelser under 1900-talet

Socialrealism, nya sakligheten, amerikansk realism, socialistisk realism och fotorealism är exempel på realistiska rörelser under 1900-talet.

Inom bildkonsten används termen socialrealism för att beskriva målningar med motiv från arbetarklassens liv och miljöer, och kan sägas ha sitt ursprung i de franska 1800-talsmålarna Gustave Courbets och Honoré Daumiers arbeten. Begreppet började dock inte användas förrän under 1900-talet.

Amerikansk realism var en rörelse som ville beskriva samtidens sociala verklighet. Det började som en litterär rörelse i mitten  av 1800-talet och blev en viktig rörelse inom den amerikanska bildkonsten i början av 1900-talet. Rörelsen förknippas med skolan Ashcan School och flera av konstnärerna, som George Bellows, Robert Henri, Edward Hopper och Everett Shinn lät sig inspireras av äldre amerikanska konstnärer som Mary Cassatt, John Singer Sargent, James McNeill Whistler och  Winslow Homer men ville skapa en ny, urban konst som skildrade det nya stadslivet.

Nya saklighet var en rörelse som växte fram i Tyskland på 1920-talet, som hade liknande ambitioner som de amerikanska realisterna. Begreppet myntades 1925 vid en utställning som bland annat presenterade konstnärerna Max Beckmann, Otto Dix, George Grosz och Jeanne Mammen. Den nya sakligheten vände sig främst emot expressionismen och futurismen och vad de ansåg som romantiserande idealism. Det rör sig om tydliga, detaljerade, starkt realistiska, ibland groteska, satiriska målningar och teckningar med ett starkt desillusionerat uttryck och är en form av socialrealism. Det närmast övertydliga återgivandet samt ett hårt och kallt ljus gav bilderna drag av overklighet och i vissa fall kan uttrycket ha släktskap med magisk realism.

Socialistisk realism uppstod i Sovjetunionen på 1930-talet och innebar att konstnären skulle skildra och delta i bygget av det socialistiska samhället. Denna företeelse spreds sedan till de länder som betecknade sig som socialistiska.

Generellt är fotorealism en genre där konstnären utgår ifrån fotografier för att avbilda något så verklighetstroget som möjligt,  och samtidigt försöka att dölja de konstnärliga teknikerna, som penseldrag eller försöker efterhärma ytors in i minsta detalj när det kommer till skulpturer. Men begreppet är inte bara en genre utan refererar även till en specifik amerikansk konströrelse under sent 1960- och tidigt 1970-tal där några av de mer namnkunniga konstnärerna utgörs av Richard Estes, Ralph Goings, Richard MacLean, Davis Cone, Robert Bechtle, John-Erik Ronland Franzén Rod Penner, Ron Kleeman, Randy Dudley, Audrey Flack och Chuck Close. Inom skulpturen intar Duane Hanson en särställning.

Se även
 Figurativ konst

Referenser

Noter

Tryckta källor

 Blunt Anthony, Artistic Theory in Italy, 1450-1600, 1940 (refs to 1985 edn), OUP,

 Needham, Gerald, "Naturalism." Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press, accessed February 23, 2013, subscriber link
 Raben, Hans, "Bellori's Art: The Taste and Distaste of a Seventeenth-Century Art Critic in Rome", Simiolus: Netherlands Quarterly for the History of Art, Vol. 32, No. 2/3 (2006), pp. 126–146, Stichting voor Nederlandse Kunsthistorische Publicaties, JSTOR

Vidare läsning
   (pbk).

Externa länkar

Realism
Konstens historia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Kinetics and mechanisms of iron sulfide reductions in hydrogen and in carbon monoxide
Journal of Solid State Chemistry
By: T. Wiltowski, C.C. Hinckley, Gerard V. Smith, T. Nishizawa, Mykola Saporoschenko, R.H. Shiley, and J.R. Webster
The Publications Warehouse does not have links to digital versions of this publication at this time
The reduction of iron sulfides by hydrogen and by carbon monoxide has been studied using plug flow and thermogravimetric methods. The reactions were studied in the 523-723??K temperature range and were found to be first-order processes. Plug flow studies were used to correlate reaction rates between pyrite and the gases as a function of the surface area of the pyrite. The rate of H2S formation increases with the surface area of the pyrite sample. The results of thermogravimetric experiments indicate that the reactions consist of several steps. Rate constants for the pyrite reduction by H2 and by CO were obtained. The activation energies increased with degree of reduction. Values of Ea were 113.2 (step I) and 122.5 kJ/mole (step II) for pyrite reduction with CO and 99.4 (step I), 122.4 (step II), 125.2 (step III), and 142.6 kJ/mole (step IV) for pyrite reduction with hydrogen. ?? 1987.


I can't say exactly when or how Skowhegan secured itself in my mind as a principal force in the art world. Over many years studying art history and then working at Dia Art Foundation, I came to understand Skowhegan as a place where new art practices emerged, relationships were forged, and artists experienced something entirely unique and important that in turn had a profound impact on the trajectories of contemporary artmaking. I sensed that time spent at Skowhegan had an over-sized impact on those who attended, and—though I am not an artist—had an intuition that I wanted, and would find, a relationship to the School.
For those reasons and more, I was immediately intrigued when approached about the prospect of becoming one of Skowhegan's Directors. Coming from Dia, a philosophically resonant and similarly mythic institution that works with a few artists in-depth, I was tantalized by the prospect of supporting the diversity of artists who are part of Skowhegan's expansive community. Moreover, Skowhegan's structural complexity—dual Directors, dual boards, a Maine program, a New York office—was clearly not a simple route, but from the outside suggested a fundamental commitment to structuring the organization in a way that would best ensure its continued success: a plurality of voices, experiences, and contexts would necessarily inform its future.
One suspects a job will be a good fit when ideas start flowing during preliminary discussions, and as Sarah and I began to quietly brainstorm, I found myself spiraling down the rabbit hole before I'd even begun. Little did I know the truly complex universe I was entering into. The last seven months have been inspiring, chaotic, challenging, and fun. I inherited a multi-year strategic and organizational plan that proved an invaluable opportunity for deep reflection and study of virtually every aspect of the institution, as well as an indispensable introduction to the abilities and ambitions of Skowhegan's staff, boards, and alumni.
Several major archival initiatives are underway, and this summer I immersed myself in Skowhegan's history. The physicality of the campus experience and the legacy of those who have spent time in Maine is everywhere in this organization, and yet each summer is new and each group redefines what Skowhegan "is." Our Oral History project demonstrates that a dynamic tension of past-present-future has always been at play in Skowhegan; so too do the artworks that have accumulated over nearly seven decades that we are beginning to catalogue, study, and share. I am eager to see how these projects unfold, and how they help locate Skowhegan's story within the larger history of post-war and contemporary art.
Time on campus secured my conviction that Skowhegan's unique governance structure enables it to identify and support some of the great artists of our time— international, intergenerational, innovative, enthusiastic. Time off-campus confirms my suspicion that Skowhegan's tentacles reach much further than a nine-week program would suggest, and that the conversations, events, installations, and publications created between September and May serve a vital purpose in contemporary art and culture. I appreciate the generous and warm welcome that this community has given me, and look forward to continuing to work together.
In 2010, Skowhegan began an oral history project that would document and shed light on key moments in our 66-year history, as well as complement the Lecture Archive that now features talks by over 600 faculty artists, dating to 1952. Through in-depth interviews with instrumental members of the community, oral historian Liza Zapol is capturing critical reminiscences and anecdotes ranging from Skowhegan's genesis and nascent years, to its influence in, and relationships with, the broader art world. Beginning in summer 2013, Oral Histories will be accessible on campus alongside the Lecture Archive.
Initial support for this project has been generously provided by the H. King and Jean Cummings Charitable Trust of the Maine Community Foundation.


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Siege of Gomphi, 48 BC
Diocletian - The Restored Empire (Bernard Rémy)
USS Montgomery C-9 - History
Colonial soldiers in World War I
Memories of the Grand Army - BD
Battle of Saturnia, 83 BC
Teleutias, d.381 BC
Roman Theater, Amman
Battle of Chemin des Dames (April-October 1917)
The Frankish Crusades of Spain (R. de Beaumont)
Minoan Art Timeline
Columbia Fr - History
- Editor'S Choice -
Being a child in the Middle Ages (Pierre Riché)
Cleopatra | Top 5 Facts
This Air Force Jet Was Scrambled to Intercept a UFO—Then Disappeared
Phoenician Art Timeline
Hásteinn, Viking chief: between myth and reality
Who was Krusenstern's scandalous priest?
Infantry from 11th Armoured Division on road to Elbe
Algeria National Air Transport System - History
Fritz Saukel : Nazi Germany
Touring the Sedan Campaign, Maarten Otte
Southern Octagonal Hall, Kofukuji
History of Greyhound - History
What prevented the Mongolian Empire from expanding into Europe?
A Brief History of Dante Alighieri
Army of the Potomac
Why did physicians recommend curing the "dancing plague" with more dancing?
Business in San Diego: A History - History
US Ships in Pear Harbor December 7, 1941 - History
Exploring an Ancient and Undeciphered Language: Eteocypriot and the Amathus Bilingual Inscription
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I was strolling at Virramall Greenhills years ago and spot a computer casing that resembles an Aquarium. It has plastic fish swimming through the water located at the right side. Yet today Puget System announced a radical approach of using your aquarium to house your system. Actually through their DIY Aquarium Module, you'll going to submerge your PC in mineral oil!
Yes you read that right, Puget made a DIY aquarium custom PC and used mineral oil to effectively dissipate heat out of your chips and at the same time totally reducing to null the noise generated by spinning fans.
The idea behind this is that mineral oil is completely non conductive therefore soaking your piece of hardware into it will not fry your board. With the aid of a pump and external radiator, mineral oil will move across all your devices.
You cannot submerge your DVD and SATA drives though, of course since you cannot spin the disk and platter when soaked in liquid, much less oil. Everything else can be submerge provided no moving parts is present.
Soaking your piece of hardware will of course void your warranty so if you submerge your PC then it's permanent and it will not do you good if you later decided to return it to PC Option or PC Express to claim your warranty. Dont ever think of cleaning it because mineral oil is impossible to clean.
The system can be purchased in 2 separate pieces, the Aquarium module for simple cooling solution and the extra Cooling module for extreme overclockers.
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Both module can be purchased at Puget System website.
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Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1937 to 1940. He is best known for his foreign policy of appeasement, which facilitated Hitler's rise to power before the UK became involved in World War II.
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He signed the Munich Agreement in 1938, conceding the German-populated Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia to Germany. He believed Adolf Hitler's lie that his ambitions did not lie farther than this region.
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Brianna Osorio, Christalah Lyons comfortable in KU exhibition win over ESU
Oct 29, 2017 - 5:17pm
Scott Chasen
Kansas junior guard Brianna Osorio (2) tries to drive past Emporia State defender Jacee Kramer (22) in the first quarter of Sunday's exhibition game at Allen Fieldhouse.
The opening moments of the post-game news conference provided Brianna Osorio with more trepidation than that of her KU women's basketball debut.
As the JUCO transfer walked into the Allen Fieldhouse media room and approached the table alongside teammate Christalah Lyons, she sheepishly smiled. Osorio looked down and then back to a KU athletics official, not quite sure how to proceed.
"Do we speak into the mic?" she asked, gesturing to the table with a laugh after KU's 69-49 win over Emporia State.
It was a good reality check following a game in which the two looked every bit like they had been there before.
Osorio and Lyons made up the starting backcourt on Sunday in the absence of Jessica Washington, who watched the game from the bench. During the pre-game introductions, Washington was overtaken with emotion, at one point beginning to tear up as she stood along the sideline.
Washington underwent surgery to repair a torn ACL earlier in October, which will hold her out from the year. She also missed her first season with the Jayhawks, sitting out due to NCAA rules after transferring in from North Carolina.
"This is important to her. When you suffer an injury, there's a couple days there that it's hard to really understand what has happened, why it happened, but then it's all brought back on a gameday," said KU coach Brandon Schneider. "You start seeing the fans and smelling the popcorn. You want to be out there with your teammates. I just think it's a sign that she really cares."
Despite the on-court absence of the 2016-17 Big 12 newcomer of the year, Osorio and Lyons looked sharp. The duo combined for 26 points on 12-for-21 shooting. Osorio tied for a game-high with six assists, while Lyons finished with five rebounds.
The two looked comfortable from the start. Lyons showed off a floater to open the scoring and took multiple charges — "I think she took seven," approximated ESU coach Jory Collins — while Osorio settled in and at one-point just couldn't miss.
With 7:34 to play in the first half, Osorio received a pass from Lyons and shot a 3 from just off the right baseline. Her shot kissed off the glass and bounced in. She playfully rolled her eyes as she ran back on defense.
"We're very fortunate we found her late last spring in the recruiting cycle," Schneider said. "We couldn't be happier with her."
As for the game itself, the teams played close in the first quarter until the Jayhawks used a 13-0 run in the second to push the lead out to 16. From that point on the margin never dipped below 10.
Really, the only reason for Schneider to hold his breath came early in the second half. Junior Kylee Kopatich took a shot to her left eye and instantly put her hands over her face. She ran off the court where a trainer tried to stop the bleeding. The two headed to the locker room, where she received a couple stitches, according to Schneider.
"She looks really cute," Osorio joked.
"It's beautiful," Lyons added.
Kopatich would eventually be fine.
While she never got her offense going, shooting just 1 for 8 from the field and 0 for 4 from 3, the sharpshooter chipped in with eight rebounds, a block and a feisty attitude upon returning to the bench in the fourth.
"You know, I played her more just for some game action and some game conditioning," Schneider said. "Obviously I know what she's capable of and can do, but I didn't really want to have to deal with her after the game had I not put her back in."
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Family remembers man, 25, killed in Newport News crash
By Michele Canty
mcanty@dailypress.com |
Brandon Breon Watson, 25, was killed in an Aug. 28 crash in Newport News. (Courtesy photo)
Brandon Breon Watson liked to get to Newport News Shipbuilding early.
Most days, the 25-year-old was there an hour or so before his morning shift. He enjoyed his work and wanted to make sure he was on time, his aunt, Keisha Brockington, said.
The Louisiana resident was proud of her nephew's success, his work ethic and the fact that his four siblings looked up to Watson, who she called "a gentle giant."
Watson was killed driving to work Aug. 28 by a Portsmouth man who was driving drunk and told police he didn't know he was driving the wrong way on Jefferson Avenue, according to Newport News police.
"It's the worst kind of loss. There's no words for it," Brockington said Tuesday. In an online guestbook of condolences with Watson's obituary, some people quoted Bible verses or sent prayers.
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Brockington prays for her loved ones, for the family of the man charged in Watson's death and for strength to understand how something like this can happen.
According to court documents, Antonio Williams Jr. was driving home from The Alley, a nightclub in Newport News after having "a few drinks."
The 29-year-old was driving the wrong way on Jefferson Avenue, between Thimble Shoals Boulevard and Pilot House Drive, when his 2000 Toyota Avalon hit another car head-on.
Antonio Williams Jr., 29, of Portsmouth, is charged with DWI, involuntary manslaughter and driving with a suspended license in an Aug. 28 fatal crash. (Newport News Police / Newport News Police)
Watson was driving a 2015 Ford Escape when he was struck by Williams' car, police said. Emergency medics took Watson to a local hospital, where he was pronounced dead.
When Williams regained consciousness in the ambulance, he wasn't sure why he was on a stretcher and barely registered that he'd been in a wreck, according to court documents. His speech was slurred, eyes glassy and he smelled of alcohol, police said.
He was taken to an area hospital and treated for cuts, bruises and other minor injuries, police said.
Williams was later charged with his second DWI, involuntary manslaughter and driving with a suspended license. He remained in Newport News City Jail Wednesday.
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A South Carolina native, Watson came to Newport News after finishing Job Corps training in Franklin, N.C. He later started working as an insulator at the shipyard, where he'd worked for four years, his obituary states.
Brockington said the senseless, selfish act of another driver caused two families to suffer.
"Brandon was doing so well and he was just taken away from us too soon," she said. "I'm sure the other family is devastated, too, but Brandon's mom. ... She's not taking this well."
Canty can be reached by phone at 757-247-4832.
Newport News Shipbuilding
Michele Canty
Michele Canty is a geek, mom, 90's gal and 'Game of Thrones' fanatic. She also writes general assignment and breaking news stories for the Daily Press. A proud VCU grad, Canty has been with Daily Press Media Group since May 2015. She's an award-winning journalist in Virginia and Pennsylvania who specializes in cops and crime stories. She was formerly a reporter at the York Daily Record in York, Pa., York Sunday News in York, Pa., The Danville Register & Bee in Danville, The Daily Progress in Charlottesville and The Richmond Times-Dispatch. Follow her on Twitter for live-tweeting of the nerd shows she watches and updates on breaking-news stories.
Latest Newport News news


A large dining-room overlooking the gardens, makes a very pleasant restaurant to enjoy a tasty and varied buffet of national and international dishes with show cooking. The hotel does not offer a picnic service.
An Interior design, warm and quiet, where you can taste a variety of drinks and cocktails. Open every day from 11am until 12pm.


text:
Die Coin S.p.A. ist eine italienische Kaufhauskette.

Firmengeschichte
1926 wurde das erste Geschäft in Mirano eröffnet.
Coin entwickelte 1986 eine der ersten Kundenkarten namens Coincard.

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Im April 2016 brachte die Gruppo Coin einen Teil ihrer Beteiligung an OVS an die Börse, sodass sich ihr Anteil von 52 auf 42 Prozent reduzierte.

Coin in Deutschland
Seit September 2000 war Coin auch in Deutschland vertreten. Kaufhalle verkaufte das operative Geschäft der als KAUFHALLE, KAUFCENTER und M. multistore geführten Warenhäuser an Coins Tochterunternehmen Oviesse.
2004 zog sich Oviesse aus dem deutschen Markt zurück. Durch die Übernahme der Charles-Vögele-Gruppe steigt die Coin-Gruppe wieder in den deutschen Markt ein, wo sie 84 ehemalige Charles-Vögele-Filialen auf UPIM umflaggt.

Weblinks
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Einzelnachweise

Einzelhandelsunternehmen (Italien)
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text:
Christmas Jars
Based on the novel by Jason Wright, it tells the story of reporter Hope Jensen, who uncovers the secret behind "Christmas Jars" - jars filled with money and given anonymously to people in need. The phenomenon has changed countless lives.
Doug Murray as Lyle Butler
Jennifer Gibson as Isabella Elias
Ron Lea as Adam Maxwell
Tara Yelland as Hannah Maxwell
Reviewed by markgauthier-16276 9 / 10 / 10
Great feel good movie
This is a bit of a Hallmark type feel good movie, but I thoroughly enjoyed it. I enjoyed the lack of sex and violence that is in so many of the movies today. This was just a good heart warming movie.
Reviewed by bindonjs 9 / 10 / 10
Great feel good story
I really enjoyed this movie. Well acted, with characters who were believable and sincere. The story was based on a best selling book, and had a more interesting plot than most recent Christmas movies. While the ending was predictable, it was so heartfelt and sweet, I had tears in my eyes.
Reviewed by trinaboice 9 / 10 / 10
Sweet, inspiring, and surprisingly funny
Ready for some Christmas spirit? Based on the 2005 New York Times best-selling novel by Jason Wright, this long-awaited, sweet movie has the magic of the holidays in spades. You WILL cry and you WILL be touched. I was surprised how many tissues I went through while watching it. The wet quantity proves I really enjoyed it. I'm so happy that Jason Wright was able to get his beautiful story turned into a movie. I interviewed him many years ago at a convention we were both attending. I remember he pulled out his cell phone and said, "You complete me." ha ha His endearing story and movie are about people who fill jars with their extra coins during the year and then anonymously deliver the gift to someone in need during the Christmas season. It's a story of hope, forgiveness, and love. It feels like a Hallmark movie. I mean that in a good way. Some of their movies can be too saccharine sweet and cheesy, but this one is very good. It's as clean and inspiring as you hope it would be. With a little humor, romance, mystery, and compelling inspiration, this family-friendly film is perfect for all ages. It's actually not a Hallmark movie though. It's presented by Fathom Events and BYUtv. Jeni Ross is outstanding as Hope, an idealistic, young reporter trying to get her break as a journalist. The casting was actually very good by Ilona Smyth, especially when she selected several little girls to illustrate Hope growing up. They all really looked like her! All of the cast seemed to have good chemistry and the characters are believable and realistic. Ashley Comeau was hilarious as the quirky elementary school teacher, Clara Zacher. It was such an amusing, awkward scene. She reveals the theme of the entire movie in a line she delivers during that scene. Ron Lea is immediately likable as Adam Maxwell. You'll pretty much want to be adopted into his loving film family. Doug Murray nailed his funny role as the salty Lyle Butler. Some of the actors smile a little too much, like they're super excited to be in a movie, you know? I would be too. Krista Jang provided a comedic gal pal to add some entertaining banter at the office. There is also some cute and entertaining background activity in some of the office scenes. There is quite a bit of humor to balance out the cheese and sugar. Some of the jokes and gags are pretty cheeky, especially lots of cliched tripping. Lovely music by Christopher Guglick. The transitions could have been more interesting and creative, but this is also Jason Wright's directorial debut, so double congrats to him! You can read the rest of my movie review online or watch my video review on the Movie Review Mom channel on YouTube. I think you'll really enjoy the movie!