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Delay By Connect
Delay By Connect + Vimeo Integrations
Appy Pie Connect allows you to automate multiple workflows between Delay By Connect and Vimeo
Connect Delay By Connect + Vimeo
Delay By Connect Integrations
Best ways to Integrate Delay By Connect + Vimeo
Vimeo + Delay By Connect
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It's easy to connect Delay By Connect + Vimeo without coding knowledge. Start creating your own business flow.
Waits for a set amount of time before completing your Actions.
Waits to run your Actions until a date or time that you choose.
How Delay By Connect & Vimeo Integrations Work
Step 1: Choose Delay By Connect as a trigger app and authenticate it on Appy Pie Connect.
Step 3: Pick Vimeo as an action app and authenticate.
Step 5: Select the data you want to send from Delay By Connect to Vimeo.
Integration of Delay By Connect and Vimeo
In today's fast-paced world, time is a valuable resource that everyone can't afford to waste. Thus, when one is waiting for a connection in a crowded area, they would prefer to use their smart phone to pass the time instead of using it as a smartphone. Delay By Connect is a mobile app that allows users to have a virtual conversation with their friends and family by using a prerecorded voice message. In addition, it provides them with a live stream of their surroundings in real time.
This body will provide you with an analysis of Delay By Connect and Vimeo integration. First, let's have a closer look at the two companies, then we will discuss the benefits of their integration. You can then draw your own conclusions about it.
The main function of Delay By Connect is to provide people with an alternative way of using their smartphones while waiting for something. It allows them to share the experiences through the app, rather than staring at their phones or talking to themselves. The app works by recording the voice messages before the user leaves home, so that they can receive it when they turn on the app after leaving home. This means that it does not require any internet connection to operate.
However, this service does not work for locations that are crowded or places where there is limited signal strength. It also does not allow for live streaming, which may be disadvantageous to some users. Hence, Delay By Connect needs to integrate with other technpogy platforms to improve its services.
For instance, Vimeo is a video-sharing platform that has high quality videos and high-end audio features. It could be used by Delay By Connect to provide live streaming services. The videos can be uploaded by users on the platform and viewers can watch them in real time. It also allows users to easily share these videos with other users via e-mail or social media. This can be integrated into Delay By Connect by allowing users to send prerecorded voice messages instead of live streams. These voice messages can then be shared over social media platforms or e-mail services.
Benefits of Integration of Delay By Connect and Vimeo
Integrating Vimeo into Delay By Connect will allow users to take advantage of both companies' features at once. It will allow them to record voice messages before they leave home, but still stream live if they are in an area with limited signal strength or crowded locations. As both companies are popular in the market, it minimizes the risk of losing customers.
Based on the analysis above, there are several advantages in integrating Delay By Connect with Vimeo. The main advantage is that it will enhance the services provided by both companies. It will also allow them to reach a wider customer base without having to worry about losing their current customers or spending too much on marketing strategies.


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Harvesting the homegrown
City folks are just as concerned about the food they put in their mouths. That's why many are turning to their tiny balconies for sustenance.
Approach brings people back to farms
Farmers supported by their communities may be the answer to China's concern over food safety, efficient land use and the unbalanced distribution of rural-urban demographics.
Hundreds stranded in Sichuan storms
Heavy rain triggered floods in Shimian county, Sichuan province, early on Saturday, stranding about 400 villagers.
Guangdong nuclear plant scrapped
A planned facility to process nuclear fuel in Jiangmen of Guangdong province has been canceled, following opposition by a majority of residents, the local government said on Saturday. Respect public opinion in nuclear projects Nuclear projects no harm to public health
Xi urges SW China landslide rescue efforts
Chinese President Xi Jinping on Friday asked authorities to spare no efforts in searching for people left messing after a serious landslide in southwest China's Sichuan province.
Officials' power should be for the people'
Officials' power is granted by the people and should be used for the people, and that power must be exercised in the open, President Xi Jinping said on Friday.
Director Feng to helm CCTV annual gala showpiece
China Central Television has, for the first time in 30 years, invited a film director to helm its showpiece gala, which has more than 700 million viewers.
China counts on multicultural talents
If China has learned anything from its encounters with the West, it's that the country's future should rely on its multicultural talents, connecting East to West with their language skills and cultural dexterity.
Death toll rises to 18 in landslide
The death toll from a landslide in Southwest China's Sichuan province has risen to 18 after six more bodies were retrieved, local authorities said.
A dream home helps build the future
An international contest is giving Chinese and foreign youths a chance to build their dream home.
Courses help hopefuls saddle up
With more than 500 equestrian clubs, the industry is worth $1.6 billion, and China's first postgrad program for equine management fills need in this industry.
Graduates with grace
Graduates of the ballet department at the Beijing Dance Academy pose for graduation photos, April 24, 2013.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Andy Sack is the Director of Cultivation for PRICH BIO TECH in Puerto Rico. But, his journey to island life started at Kind Love in Denver, Colorado in 2012. While Andy was working for Kind Love, they won medical dispensary of the year in 2015 from Cannabis Business Awards, Best Flower 2016 from Westword, best flower at a dispensary 2016, Cannabis Business Awards and more.
About a year ago, he was offered an opportunity in Puerto Rico. After he got out there, he realized the legal medical cannabis scene there was extremely different than Colorado. The majority of the medical cannabis patients are women over the age of 60 who are using cannabis as an alternative to pharmaceutical options. Also, the governor passed a law that restricts flower sales to only terminally ill patients. Basically, despite the fact that Puerto Rico is super bankrupt, they're actually regressing their cannabis laws.
Stay tuned for more on what's happening with medical cannabis legalization in Puerto Rico, behind the scenes of a 420,000 square foot grow, seeds, strains, genetics and more on this episode of The Real Dirt with Chip Baker.


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Adolf Trump
So who will the idiots vote for this time? Will it be the new Hitler, or the power-hungry criminal psychopath?
Before anyone votes for anything, it would only make sense to first address the problem of rigged voting machines, which was exposed before Congress, and in a Florida court, but rather than taking any steps to insure an honest vote, Americans continue living the lie, willingly joining the electoral farce, because they're generally too scared to face the fact that nothing in any corner of our "government" is functioning as it should. They're so overwhelmed by the prospect of every aspect of our government being completely corrupt, that their only way of coping with the situation is willful ignorance.
Are you actually planning to lend legitimacy to that circus by standing in front of a rigged voting machine like an idiot, and pushing a button that means absolutely nothing? This forces me to ask "exactly how stupid are you, and how many times will you fall for the same stupid trick?"
The fix is in, and your next president has been selected, probably long before you decided who to vote for. It will be the Hitler clone by a landslide, because that will make his tyranny appear to be the "will of the people", and every idiot will blame all the other idiots for voting for him, because the TV will tell them that's what happened, regardless of whether or not anybody actually votes for him at all.
The bad news for Hillary is that she'll have to be sacrificed to maintain the illusion of justice. The entire population knows she's a criminal, and they'll be more difficult to control if she's let off the hook. The wench was used, and now she'll be tossed.
While the population seethes with anger over rampant police brutality, the Donald is promising to "restore law and order", which will undoubtedly entail "empowering the police" a little more, because apparently they're still not killing enough Americans to drum the notion of "constitutional rights" right out of our heads. The necessary crime wave was imported over our southern border, and the assassination of a few cops will doubtlessly give increased police power popular support, because most Americans still don't understand the illegal role of police in our society.
The Pentagon burns our money like a furnace, and "loses" enough money to make all of us very rich, despite not having a legitimate enemy anywhere on the planet. But of course, the Donald has plans to "strengthen our military", because it's a cookie jar he hasn't dipped his greedy hands into yet.
Trump is the new Hitler, Americans are the new Nazis, and the whole world has grown tired of our imperial murder and theft long ago. World War Three will probably start over China's man-made islands in the South China Sea, and will end with our country being invaded by Chinese, Russian, or NATO troops, or all of the above.
The heavily armed U.S. population has to be softened for this invasion, so internal wars will be incited over race, class, illegal aliens, or any other means available for dividing a population. The economic collapse will be blamed on the war, and the idiots will believe it, because the TV will tell them to believe it.
Do you see a pattern here? Just look at the first two world wars, switch the roles of the players, and replay the whole shooting match. Crystal balls and tarot cards are not required; it's just another example of history repeating itself, like a carbon copy in this case, because the same bankers who orchestrated World War Two, are now instigating World War Three, and they're using the same play book. There's no way to vote your way out of this, and we've already been shown during Ron Paul's run for the presidency that what the American people want is of little consequence.
The Donald's campaign was carefully scripted to quell popular unrest by telling an angry population what they want to hear, and his inspirational speeches will have nothing to do with what he actually does once in office. His campaign to "make America great again" is identical to Hitler's promise to make Germany great agin, and Trump is exposing the lies and crooked monetary system, just as Hitler did, because too many Americans now know the truth.
Americans waking up on a massive scale makes change inevitable, so a controllable change will be installed via Donald Trump to avoid the violent change caused by violent mobs of angry citizens. He'll oversee the military destruction of our country, and when our defeat seems secured, he'll probably disappear, just as Hitler did. They'll put the charred bones of "Donald and Ivanka" in a museum somewhere, while the real Donald sips martinis in retirement on a private, South American beach.
People vote because doing so helps them cling to the illusion of living in a democratic society. It allows them to believe that they matter, and actually have a voice in how this nation is governed. It allows them to cling to the hope of a peaceful solution to the violent problem of being attacked by our own government, and it helps them preserve the comfortable lie rather than face the disturbing truth. They vote because they're afraid to accept the truth of how this nation is run, and how they're despised and targeted by the people who run it. When you show up at a polling place, you're being used as a stooge to perpetuate the big lie, and you're a willing accomplice in the national deception.
And since the fact of our elections being a complete sham is widely known, what can you say of the people who turn out to participate in the fraud? Aren't they committing an act of treason by participating in our enemy's effort to deceive and destroy our nation?
What would happen if they staged another fraudulent election and nobody showed up to vote? What would happen if Americans said "no. You're not going to use me as a tool to perpetuate your lies"? Wouldn't that undermine their strategy of appeasing our anger by pushing another liar in front of the TV cameras to tell Americans what they want to hear?
Let's assume for a minute that Donald Trump is a genuine patriot who sincerely wants to "make America great again". Do you think the bankers, who've killed every president that's defied them, will allow Trump to stop their systemic theft of this nation's wealth? Or is it more likely that they'd step in to control him once he became popular, by explaining the threat to himself and his family if he doesn't play their game?
It's time to grow up, and accept that no U.S. president can really do anything to save this country, even if he wanted to. There's a power above our visible government that needs to be dealt with, and joining the idiots who line up to vote for puppets is only a way of lying to yourself, and exposing yourself as one of the cowards who's too afraid to face the disturbing reality that exists, and will continue to exist, regardless of whether you deny it or not. — Jolly Roger
"If voting changed anything, they'd make it illegal." — Emma Goldman
Published by Jolly Roger
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40 thoughts on "Adolf Trump"
Joe JoeSTP says:
Very very good JR, That is the way it'll go down. Watch you're six!
Thanks, Joe, and you watch your six, too. (we all have to)
Great stuff as usual, JR. You have great insight into the minds of the sheep and how the system manipulates them.
I'm not too sure about a couple of predictions, such as a Trump victory or a foreign invasion. But regardless of exactly how things eventually play out, we can all agree that a dark, chaotic future awaits. I hope everyone is preparing for it.
Thanks, BMF
I think the Trump victory is a sure thing. Now that the mainstream media has lost all credibility, and nobody trusts them anymore, they actually support a candidate by pretending to hate him.
The invasion is necessary, because Americans refuse to be disarmed peaceably (thank God), and we're standing in the way of their "New World Order".
Americans are going to have to fight for this country if they want to keep it.
TranceAm says:
Yeah. Good Point. Like the Spartans, they will have to fight the vast armies the current globalists will bring to extinguish that last flame of Freedom, and tear up that document that keeps that flame alive.
Unless they manage to outlaw guns and round them up, there will actually be a gun behind every blade of grass.
yes, and they're aware of it, and they're aware of the difficulty in conquering an armed, indigenous population. (i don't think it's ever been done)
That's why we'll have to be softened up with internal wars first. Race wars, and then wetback wars… and we'll be weary of it all, and probably out of ammo when the Chinese arrive.
Well, good that they bring ammo also.
"Do you think the bankers, who've killed every president that's defied them, will allow Trump to stop their systemic theft of this nation's wealth?"
This nations wealth was based on the government borrowing dollars against interest from said bankers and then spend them or giving them away to our only but best friend in the Middle East. This while having foreign nations scavenge for the dollars and hog them for their trade, keeping in essence the demand high, so the presses can keep rolling. That game appears to be over, so now the endgame has started. 911 nothing more then the first strike to keep the response of the population under control with all kind of preparing laws and acts.
He wants to fight for me…. What about fighting with me?
And can anyone tell me what our greatest friend in the middle east has EVER, EVER done for the USA? Ever…… Just one thing.. There must be one example that justifies spending billions and billions and billions of dollars in give away technology and the loans they don't have to pay back…. This while America wasn't even responsible for the holodeckcaust, but by now has spend more money then the Germans…..
One example.. Just one……. (Crickets!)
"This nations wealth was based on the government borrowing dollars against interest from said bankers…"
I have to disagree with that part, TranceAm…. I think the nation's wealth is based on its resources, and the dollars are only a device to facilitate their theft.
I will go with you in that part.
"the nation's wealth is based on its resources"
The backing for the loans from the bankers?
That's us, and everything we own.
Yep! Trump is a pressure relief valve. Nothing will change for the better, bigger police state, more regulation and control, and probably war with Iran and/or China-Russia. Seems to me that Trumps primary job will be to get to war with Iran.
And we'll watch him become just like Hitler. There will be a more defined division between supporters and dissenters, and an attempt will be made to round the dissidents up.
If Americans don't step up to defend their freedom at that point, it's over for this country, and freedom will be forever lost to the human race, because everyone who knows what's going on, and isn't afraid to publicly discuss it will no longer be around.
My greatest fear about a Trump presidency is that millions of "conservative" sheep will cheer his every domestic and international crime, just as they did with GW Bush. And these jackasses represent a massive proportion of the gun-owning population! There will be no need to attempt a gun grab if most of the armed citizenry is under the spell of regime propaganda.
Regrettably, what seems to motivate too many US "conservatives" is the desire to be "tough" and "macho." Few other principles play any role in their views. Accordingly, I think the main part of Trump's appeal is his "tough guy" persona.
By no means is it bad to be manly, but the mainstream GOP-voting yahoos don't understand what it really means to be a man. They think it's about callousness and cruelty — about how much punishment one is willing to dish out to those who are weaker — rather than thinking for oneself, going against the crowd if necessary, and courageously standing up for one's principles. This is why American "conservatives" reflexively support the military, the pigs, Israel, and anyone else who appears to hold unchallenged power. They have nothing but contempt for the "little guy" who accepts enormous risk, pain, and sacrifice to fight against massive odds for what he believes in.
In the near future, each of us might be that "little guy." We need to be prepared to resist to our final breath when dissidents are targeted. In the meantime, waking up as many people as possible is critical. Forming close alliances with trusted local individuals is difficult but might someday be a matter of life and death.
Excellent points, BMF, and I wholeheartedly agree.
Tess. says:
I know you are right, respectfully i ask how?
Bad usage alert: "systemic" should be "systematic" (the corruption is systemic, the theft is systematic)
"The fix is in, and your next president has been selected,…"
Agreed (except she won't be MY president, regardless).
"It will be the Hitler clone by a landslide, because that will make his tyranny appear to be the "will of the people",…"
This, however, cannot go unchallenged.
"… very idiot will blame all the other idiots for voting for him, because the TV will tell them that's what happened, regardless of whether or not anybody actually votes for him at all."
Regardless of whether or not anybody actually votes… period, JR.
That's EXACTLY why Chump is there… he's the rah-rah factor. He's there to convince people there is a reason to even 'vote' to begin with, since 'voting' has taken a serious nosedive in this country in the last couple decades or so. He's this (s)election's 'Hope & Change', but it's only to get people pumped up (plus, do you have any idea how much mammon can be made at those 'conventions'?) to 'vote'. U.S.A.! U.S.A.!! U.S.A.!!!
"What would happen if they staged another fraudulent election and nobody showed up to vote?"
Exactly my point. That's why Chump is there.
"The wench was used, and now she'll be tossed."
Considering the trouble they went to in the first place just to assure her that Senate seat (murdering John Jr. to eliminate any REAL 'competition'), I seriously doubt she'll be 'tossed' at this point. The mere fact that every single scandal (NUMEROUS scandals!) has failed to oust her is a blatant indication that the evil commie jewb#tch is HIGHLY favored by the NWO.
"The Donald's campaign was carefully scripted to quell popular unrest by telling an angry population what they want to hear…"
He's being used, then he'll be tossed.
Your contention that Chump will be (s)elected is predicated on the assumption that the NWO still cares what we think, JR. I don't believe that any longer, considering all the third rate false flag productions ('Plan Nine From Outer Space' comes to mind) they've been hammering us with lately. I believe that they believe they're unstoppable at this point.
When all is said & done, WHO makes the selection, ultimately?
http://www.fromthetrenchesworldreport.com/theyre-selected-not-elected-rothschild-hosts-100000-a-plate-dinner-for-guess-who/166725
And then there's this, as well…
http://www.zerohedge.com/news/2016-07-23/koch-brothers-now-supporting-often-confused-hillary-clinton
I think you're dead wrong on this one, JR.
Hitlery.
Hi, Hatr….
I don't think the trouble they went through to get her into the senate seat makes a difference anymore. The fact is that she did a bad job hiding her crimes, and now that the public knows about them, she's lost her effectiveness. She can no longer rule over people, and therefore, can no longer serve the Rothschilds.
She may have been their darling when she could still govern, but she's lost her effectiveness at that by being exposed as a criminal.
"Your contention that Chump will be (s)elected is predicated on the assumption that the NWO still cares what we think, JR."
They MUST care what the majority thinks, because they cannot rule without our consent. The whole election scam, and the whole media circus is devoted to controlling what we think.
Until they can forcibly tell 300 million people what to do, controlling what we think is all they have.
"She can no longer rule over people, and therefore, can no longer serve the Rothschilds."
If true, then why are the Rothschilds & Koch bros. supporting her.
Because Trump needs an opponent. Who else is there?
That's also why she's not being prosecuted.
They have to always maintain the illusion of competition. They need it to make elections seem legitimate, and they need it to lend credibility to the news media.
They need to keep you interested, and if Trump had no competition, then no one would turn out for the election.
If there were only one TV news station, NO ONE would believe a word they said. The fact that there are 50 of them telling the same lie creates the illusion of competition, and that's what hides the lies. People expect truth from the news, because that's exactly what real competition would insure.
Hillary has to stay in the race to get people out there voting for Trump.
There's also the distinct possibility neither one will be (s)elected. The coming economic collapse or WWIII before then would leave us with martial law & Obummer.
Just keeping up appearances.
Hunger will do that part. They can shut the distribution system down in a New York second.
Preceded by a 'bank holiday', so everyone loses all their cyber-cash first.
Yup, that would do it.
Cynicles says:
baaaah
But the show must go on! As sickening as it sounds, we all will be imploded with Hillary (our savior) over Dr. Evil, "The Donald." Yes, they're warming up the violin strings as we speak, getting ready to deliver the Presidency to the highest bidder. Money doesn't do it anymore, it's the laws governing the transactions that is the meat of the issue, the point of contention, the bottom line. And they'll get it all, lock, stock, and barrel.
They'll call it the "We don't give a rat's arse" fiscal responsibility bill. They'll throw paper at us and pretend they did something. SSDD.
Just press the button and get this party started!
Hillary, "The Donald", it makes no difference. When you're on the Titanic, it makes no difference who's the Captain. And the band played on!!!
You're right, Millard. It's all just a show, but it must go on to maintain control of the masses.
They don't care how much they spend, because unlike the average American, they're aware that the money is worthless. Illegal money can't be traded for real wealth because it generates questions regarding how the money was obtained.
The drug and extortion money funds the elections.
Nice talking to you guys, but I have to get dinner on the stove or someone's going to bite me on the leg.
Okay… the chicken's on the stove. Now consider this:
Our efforts to expose the truth have been on-going for 15 years, and they've been a lot more effective than you realize. You can see this in how quickly false-flags are exposed these days, as opposed to the many years it took to convince people that 9-11 was an inside job. (and you see it in gun sales, and you see it in loss of readership & viewership in all mainstream media news outlets).
We now have a population that's very "anti-establishment" (on the brink of a revolution), so in order to rule these people, you must give them an anti-establishment candidate, and that's what makes the Trump campaign necessary. (Most noteworthy is that it's identical to the Hitler campaign, which was unleashed under identical political and economic conditions, with the same bankers working from behind the scenes).
If he were simply delivered to us, he'd have no credibility as an "anti-establishment candidate", so Hillary must have supporters, and the mainstream media must spout endless hatred of Trump, because they've also become part of "the establishment" in the eyes of the American people. By pretending to hate Trump, the mainstream media gets him votes, because everyone hates, or distrusts the mainstream media.
Their eventual goal is their "New World Order", but too many people are aware of that, and opposed to that, so the people are given a candidate that appears to be opposed to it as well, but all he'll really preside over is the destruction of this country, because it's the only way they have of conquering it.
He'll foster division, create internal strife, and round up as many dissidents as he can, but his presidency will eventually result in invasion by foreign forces, because that's what's required to bring us down.
Agreed JR. Just get the dumplings goin' and let it simmer a bit. Hillary and "The Donald" are hotter than anything on TV. It's unbelievable the amount of money washing over the dam in this retarded, so-called election.
The two clowns remaining will spend billions before all is said and done. They should market this campaign as "The Biggest Loser", because we all lose in the end.
yes… that have to be the hottest things on TV (dinner was excellent, by the way) because they need to keep people interested in this voting process, and convinced of its legitimacy.
"foster division"
By making handout time over, and telling lazy ass bums that rather dope up and make baby mama's while having have a government handout to find a job instead of selling crack? That division was there when they decided that their socialist tended government should rob others to provide for their lives.
"create internal strife"
Question is, does he?
Relabeling illegals to undocumented immigrants, who IS creating strife? It is a legacy of Obama. Not deporting illegals by not executing the law so help him god.
Black Lives Matter? Who is creating Strife? I guess they finally have some kind of justification for the riots the've threatened society twice with.
Point is, that he can be of good intend, and STILL they can make him a Hitler.. As long as they win the war he can and will be anything they create and claim. If needed with secret gas chambers in little holocaust camps.
And rounding up dissidents? Any more then Obama has prosecuted as whistle blowers?
If we are lucky we will live the short term future, and see what happens.
I think the plan is for the US , Russia and China to wipe each other of the map, and Israel to remain as only Superpower.
Bets are open.
Nice dog and pony show ain't it guys and gals ?
All to do one thing
F:ck us up the a$$, out goes the old boss , same as the new boss .. As the agenda rolls on
WELL SAID WILD MAN……………….. WE LOVE YA……………..MARK N JILL
DL. says:
Still think it'll be Hilary, but you might be right JR. The elites (who are going bonkers with their "precariot" crap and articles about how the masses have to be killed because they think stupid thoughts and all) just might have come to the conclusion that putting relief valve Trump in their is the only thing that will save them. And it could be that Hilary really has outlived her usefulness.
It'll be interesting to see how the likes of Dave Hodges, AJ and others covering for the Donald react if he does become prez, then find out he's the same old same old that we here know he is. Hodges, of course, thinks Trump, being against the elites (yeah right!) will be assassinated after he becomes prez. Only those who piss off the elites get assassinated, so Trump will likely not be.
"The US, where freedom from liberty still exists."
-Cynicles
Absolutely GOD damn right!!!
Great read JR! I'll send this one to my brain dead family.
Good luck with that, Andrew.
As Thomas Paine would say, "To argue with a person who has renounced the use of reason is like administering medicine to the dead."
Great article, JR.


ONE STORMY DAY, Baileys Bogdan was borned on 26 November 2012. He was one of the litter of six newborn sable merle shelties from one of our Singapore home breeder, Desmond Ho. Despite the thunderstorm and lightning that day, we drove all the way to Lim Chu Kang to see his new puppies during their 3rd week and we were the very first viewer. There were 6 in the litters but we only managed to see 5 as he will keep one for himself for future breeding. We love BIG bone and FLUFFY coat and we think this is the way shelties should look. Among the 5 puppies, we saw one that had bigger bone. One look we know we love it. That's it. He is the one.
We have wanted a Shetland Sheepdog for a very long long time. We will always visit the pet farm and pet shops to look for shelties but not always our luck. By the way we have objected to take any puppies from either of them. We just love shelties.


Make a melody with 9 tones. The first music app for kids!
Put tones, play in a row. Oh!, it's a melody, interesting! Such a kind of kids, this app is for you.
You can use 9 tones, 3 tempos(fast, middle, slow), 3 instruments(Piano, Vibra, Organ). Make a good sound? It's up to you.
To set a tone, tap an up/down button or drag a tone.
To add a sharp, tap a sharp/rest button above a tone.
To play a music, tap the play button at the top left.
Tap the setting button at the top right, you can change instruments and tempos a record each.


Open Communities works with landlords and tenants to mediate solutions and foster understanding with the goal of creating better living environments for all.
Both landlords and tenants have rights and responsibilities toward one another, their neighbors and their homes. Landlords' and tenants' rights are protected under state and local laws, which establish requirements about security deposits, heating, property maintenance, entry, and eviction.
Open Communities works with people on both sides of rental agreements with the goal of creating better living environments.
Information on rights, responsibilities and resources for renters and landlords.
Dispute resolution in a neutral environment.
Encouragement for landlords to rent to individuals and families with Housing Choice Vouchers/Section 8.
Organizing expertise to help people unite and take action in their shared self-interest.
Our landlord/tenant expert is here to help answer your questions.


Don't forget to keep your skin reasonably moist as part of your psoriasis treatment regime. This is important because it's when your skin becomes dry that it tends to cause your condition to deteriorate, and we all know what that means - itching, scaling and a general discomfort.
A good way to maintain skin moisture is by taking a bath. If you can manage to do this on a daily basis, so much the better. However, don't let the water get too hot as this can irritate your skin further. You also need to be careful about what soap you use on your body, since some soaps can make matters worse. So, always use a very soft, mild soap, ideally one made from natural ingredients without any harsh chemicals. There are some very good liquid soaps available now which aren't at all harsh and which can be far more soothing than a bar of soap.
Adding salt crystals to your bath can also help soothe and moisturise your skin. Salt is also a natural exfoliator, so this is also a gentle way to remove scaling, leaving your skin feeling softer afterwards. I've found that natural Dead Sea salt crystals are one of the more effective treatments.
Once you've bathed, remember not to rub your skin dry, however soft your towel. Instead, pat it gently so that you don't inadvertently damage the skin in any way. You can also take a shower of course, but a quarter of an hour in a warm bath is the better option, if you have time.
When you have finished your bath and dried yourself, you should always apply a gentle cream or gel to your body, particularly where you have an outbreak to make sure you keep moisturised. Again, there are many good creams specifically designed for psoriasis on the market, although we would always recommend choosing one which is made from natural products which are less harsh than many of the chemical based treatments.
And remember to continue to apply more cream during the day, as once it dries off or is absorbed by your clothes, your skin will need additional moisturising.


I received my little red head doll last week. She will be my niece's first dolly so I can't wait to give it to her as a gift next month The doll is lovely and soft and a perfect size for my two year old niece. have already recommended Little Green Dot to my friends. Thanks again, Lisa!


BLYTHEVILLE, Ark. -- Three-hundred people in Mississippi County, Arkansas, were out of a job Friday.
Steel pipe supplier Tenaris Hickman Steel in Blytheville announced the massive layoff at the mill. The company, which provides the pipes for oil wells, said drastic falls in oil prices, along with imports from South Korea, left them no choice but to cut jobs, saying the demand just isn't there.
Employees said the announcement of the layoffs happened at a meeting Friday morning.
"Oh, it's devastating. I mean, it's right after Christmas, it's just terrible," Karen Abscher, who has been apart of the team at Tenaris Hickman Steel for the last five years, said.
Her job is safe, but said she was shocked when she learned of the layoffs.
"There was rumors, but that's all that we knew was that they were rumors, there was nothing set in stone," she said.
The Blytheville mill isn't the only mill seeing cuts. A total of 500 jobs have been lost from other mills in Texas as well.
"I knew several people that got laid off. They have families, and a couple of girls that I knew had newborn babies," Abscher said.
Tim Stout lives across the street from the mill. He's seen it develop over the years, and said the loss of jobs is a blow to the area.
"It's probably really going to hurt Mississippi County and the town of Blytheville. Our small school district of Armorel has really grown since the mills came in and people moving to the area," Stout said.
Abscher said there are rumors for more cuts down the road. For now, she's thinking of those who loss their jobs and hope hers will be OK come Monday.
"I just hope I make the cut," she said.
WREG reached out to Tenaris Hickman Steel to see if they plan to make anymore cuts or if any employees will possibly get their jobs back down the road, but haven't heard back yet.


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54 land coming to mhis hometown nhe taught them in their synagogue, so that othey were astonished, and said, "Where did this man get this wisdom and these mighty works? 55 pIs not this qthe carpenter's son? Is not his mother called Mary? And are not rhis brothers James and Joseph and Simon and Judas? 56 And are not all his sisters with us? Where then did this man get all these things?" 57 And sthey took offense at him. But Jesus said to them, t"A prophet is not without honor except in his hometown and in his own household." 58 And he did not do many mighty works there, ubecause of their unbelief.


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FOREIGN & INTERNATIONAL LAW /
Legal Analysis: CLS, International Law, and the Process and Production Method Argument
05 Oct, 2015 FOREIGN & INTERNATIONAL LAW 0
International Baccalaureate, Geneva, Switzerland
This chapter analyses the legal issues that the CLS and trade debate raises. We will consider the link between CLS and customary international law, the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT). Further, this chapter will consider the issues as to whether CLS could be considered as jus cogens and whether CLS fall within the human rights discussion. The chapter will also review labour standards within the WTO and the process and production method (PPM).
International law embodies legal rules that apply between sovereign states and such other entities that have been given international personality by sovereign states. Further, international law, as used in the United States Restatement of Foreign Relations Law, "consists of rules and principles of general application dealing with the conduct of states and of international organizations and with their relations inter se, as well as with some of their relations with persons, whether natural or juridical".1 As such, the ILO Conventions, in particular the CLS, as discussed above having general application could be classified as international labour law forming part of public international law.
Under international law, the status of a legal rule is the determination of its source as law. At the basic level, international law is derived from four sources, as enumerated in Article 38(1) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice: (1) treaties, (2) customary international law, (3) general principles of law, and (4) 'judicial decisions and the teachings of the most highly qualified publicists of the various nations, as a subsidiary means for the determination of rules of law'. Out of these four sources, the most relevant for our purposes are the first two (treaties and customary international law).
Considering the two sources of international law for our consideration, treaty law is based on the consent of states and customary international law is binding on states. According to the Restatement, "customary international law results from a general and consistent practice of states followed by them from a sense of legal obligation."2 In this respect, customary international law is binding on all states without exception and even if they have not consented.3
4.2 Customary Law
The ILO Declaration (discussed above) contains the CLS, which obliges Members to implement even if they have not ratified them. However, the ILO Declaration is not a legally binding mechanism, which makes it fall under the soft law concept. Whereas the CLS fall under the second source of international law, namely custom, nevertheless the debate as to which labour standards can be considered as part of customary international law is an ongoing debate.4
Given the universality of the CLS and given the fact that the Declaration has created legal obligations for all ILO Members, can the CLS be considered as part of customary international law binding all States irrespective of their ILO Membership and as to whether they have ratified the ILO Conventions that form the basis for the CLS?
4.2.1 CLS and Customary International Law
In order to determine whether the CLS have achieved the status of customary international law, an analysis of the customary nature of labour standards in general is warranted.
The International Court of Justice (ICJ) in the Asylum case laid down the two requirements of customary international law:
[t]he party which relies on custom … must prove that this custom is established in such a manner that it has become binding on the other party … that the rule invoked … is in accordance with a constant and uniform usage, practiced by the States in question, and that this usage is the expression of a right appertaining to the State granting asylum and a duty incumbent on the territorial State.5
The two requirements deduced from the Asylum case are, first, a state practice that is established, widespread, and consistent and, second, opinion juris sive necessitates (opinion as to law or necessity).6 Also, in the 1985 Continental Shelf Case (Libya v. Malta), the ICJ stated that the substance of customary international law must be "looked for primarily in the actual practice and opinio juris of States".7
4.2.2 State Practice as Customary Law
State practice is also referred to as the objective or material element. State practice includes physical acts such as diplomatic acts, public instructions and governmental acts, and official statements. Silence or inaction could mean either tacit agreement or that the state lacks interest in the issue, and this may constitute state practice.8 For an action to constitute state practice, it must be of a comparatively short duration, and in which case it must be general and consistent. The practice can be general even though it might not be universally followed. There is no means of determining how widespread this practice is, but in any case, there should be widespread recognition in states that are involved in this activity. However, a principle of customary law is that it is not binding on a state that has indicated its opposition from the principle in the course of its development.9
When the ILO Declaration was adopted, 19 Member states abstained, but they have since been cooperating in the implementation of the Declaration by conforming to ILO reporting procedures. This could be considered as state practice for these 19 countries in line with those ILO Members that voted for the Declaration. This could be seen as a consensus in the universal recognition of the CLS.10
4.2.3 Opinion Juris
Opinion juris is also referred to as subjective or psychological element. A state practice can become part of customary international law when it appears that the states that follow the practice or rule do so out of a sense of legal obligation.11 There should be evidence of a general practice, a determination of a Court or other international tribunals.12 In this case, the treaties, resolutions, and the acts of international organisations and also in national constitutions are evidence of state practice and also of opinion juris.13 States must show their willingness to follow a practice due to their belief rather than the demands of courtesy, reciprocity, comity, morality, or simple political expediency.14
The ICJ has laid down a rigorous approach when it stated in the Continental Shelf case:
[n]ot only must the acts concerned [constituting state practice] amount to a settled practice, but they must also be such, or be carried out in such a way, as to be evidence of a belief that this practice is rendered obligatory by the existence of a rule of law requiring it. The need for such a belief, i.e., the existence of a subjective element, is implicit in the very notion of the opinio juris sive necessitatis. The States concerned must therefore feel that they are conforming to what amounts to a legal obligation.15
Following our examination of the two element theory under customary international law, the CLS and the ILO Declaration, as shown under the analyses of state practice and opinion juris, appear to indicate that there is widespread recognition of the CLS by ILO Members and in the international community as a whole. Further, ILO Member states appear to follow the practice of applying the CLS and conforming to the reporting mechanism out of a sense of legal obligation. Whilst it might appear that the CLS and the Declaration are part of customary international law, the debate about whether all of the CLS or only some of the CLS can be considered as customary law need further analyses.
4.3 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT)
With the establishment of the WTO as an international organisation, and the recognition of the Agreement as a treaty, it becomes subject to the rules of interpretation under customary international law. In this respect, the Appellate Body has stated:
The WTO Agreement is a treaty – the international equivalent of a contract. It is self-evident that in an exercise of their sovereignty, and in pursuit of their own respective national interests, the Members of the WTO have made a bargain. In exchange for the benefits they expect to derive as Members of the WTO, they have agreed to exercise their sovereignty according to the commitments they have made in the WTO Agreement.16
The Appellate Body stated that under Article 3.2 of the Dispute Settlement Understanding,17 it is directed to clarify the provisions of GATT 1994 and other "covered agreements" of the WTO in accordance with customary rules of interpretation of public international law. The Appellate Body further stated:
Following this, in United States – Standards for Reformulated and Conventional Gasoline,18 we stressed the need to achieve such clarification by reference to the fundamental rule of treaty interpretation set out in Article 31(1) of the Vienna Convention.19 We stressed there that this general rule of interpretation "has attained the status of a rule of customary or general international law".20 There can be no doubt that Article 32 of the Vienna Convention, dealing with the role of supplementary means of interpretation, has also attained the same status.
With this, the Appellate Body has confirmed that Article 31 of the VCLT provides the words that form the foundation for interpreting the WTO Agreement. Mathis, however, states that the question of application of VCLT Articles to all WTO provisions and in relation to other treaties is not settled. He further argues that it might appear that only VCLT Articles 26–38 titled "Observance, application and interpretation of treaties" would be applicable to the WTO.21 In this respect, Mathis further argues that this view recognises the fact that not all WTO Members are signatories to the VCLT and the reference to the customary rules of public international law that is stated in the Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU) is only restricted by it terms to interpretations of provisions within disputes.22
Article 3 of the DSU provides that "[T]o clarify the existing provisions of those agreements in accordance with customary rules of interpretation of public international law". It appears to some legal scholars that Article 3 refers not only to the principles of international law with respect to interpretation only but also to the principles of international law in general.23 For the purposes of the regional trade agreements, we will consider VCLT Articles 30 and 41.
4.3.1 VCLT Article 30
Article 30 is entitled Application of successive treaties relating to the same subject matter. The relevance of Article 30 is due to the fragmented nature of public international law. This has the probability of leading to contradictions and thus the need for a sequence of rules to resolve such conflict. When there are rules that are aimed at resolving conflicts between treaties, this not only enhances legal certainty and provides clarity, but it also helps contribute to the states observing the treaties and, in so doing, observing public international law.24
Article 30 does refer to all kinds of treaties, irrespective of their content, their nature, and the number of Parties to the agreement, in which case the WTO Agreement is included. Paragraph 1 exemplifies the hierarchical principle, in which case, a treaty when of a higher legal rank prevails over all treaties of a lower legal rank.
The pertinent rules in Article 30 are in paragraphs 3 and 4. In a case none of the colliding treaties include a conflict clause, the rules stated in paragraphs 3 and 4 apply. Paragraph 3 refers to situations whereby the States that are Parties to both treaties are identical. In which case, where the Parties to conflicting treaties are identical, the later treaty prevails but "applies only to the extent that its provisions are compatible with those of the later treaty".
Paragraph 4 refers to the rule to be observed in situations where the rules are not identical. Under the provisions in this paragraph, two situations are considered: (i) in cases where States are Parties to both treaties (4(a)) and (ii) the relationship between a State that is party to both treaties and a State that is party to only one of the two treaties (4(b)). In the latter case, paragraph 4(b) states that "the treaty to which both States are parties governs their mutual rights and obligations".
The rules in both paragraphs 3 and 4 are based on the lex posterior principle that the provisions of the later treaty prevails. Further, the provisions of Article 30 embody the principles of pacta sunt servanda and pacta tertiis.25
Paragraph 5 lists all the situations that otherwise remain unaffected by the rules governing the conflict between treaties. The first situation that is not affected has to do with agreements to modify multilateral treaties between certain of the parties only, the rule as stated in Article 41.
4.3.2 Article 41: Modification to Treaties
The prevailing situation in international relations is beset with conflicting interests that require amendments to multilateral treaties and agreements. In such situations, amending a treaty with a large number of parties is a challenging and burdensome process. But in some cases, it might be that only some of the Parties to the treaty wish to modify the treaty as between themselves alone.26 In which case, the Parties that modify the treaty between themselves might do so because these have common interests or to strengthen their relationship. It could also be that they want to ensure that they achieve higher standards of treaty obligations and lead the way in this regard. The signing of RTAs has seen the inclusion of the so-called WTO-plus obligations and, for our purposes, the inclusion of labour standards in RTAs.27
During the Vienna Conference, the issue of the modification of multilateral treaties was considered not a common practice. Although there are examples of clauses in treaties that provide for the possibility of modifications as far back as the nineteenth century, there appeared not to be any common rules and also no jurisprudence on the issue.28
The VCLT provides in Article 41, entitled Agreements to modify multilateral treaties between certain of the parties only:
Two or more of the parties to a multilateral treaty may conclude an agreement to modify the treaty as between themselves alone if:
the possibility of such a modification is provided for by the treaty; or
the modification in question is not prohibited by the treaty and:
does not affect the enjoyment by the other parties of their rights under the treaty or the performance of their obligation;
does not relate to a provision, derogation from which is incompatible with the effective execution of the object and purpose of the treaty as a whole.
Unless in a case falling under paragraph 1(a) the treaty otherwise provides, the parties in question shall notify the other parties of their intention to conclude the agreement and of the modification to the treaty for which is provides.
The term inter se was coined by the International Law Commission, and according to Mathis the drafters of Article 41 thought that an inter se agreement was very likely to disrupt the object and aims of a multilateral treaty as compared to a treaty amendment that all Parties participated. This, in his view, made the conditions under which Parties to the multilateral treaty could modify as between themselves only more narrowly prescribed.29
Article 41 provides for two possibilities: first, where the treaty permits a "contracting out" by Parties signatory to it, the possibility for such a modification expressly stated in the treaty. However, should the treaty only allow for certain kinds of modifications only, then all other modifications shall be prohibited under subparagraph 1(a). It has been argued that the term "or" at the end of subparagraph 1(a) and the introductory words of subparagraph 1(b) indicate that a modification falls either under subparagraph 1(a) or under 1(b).30
The second possibility is where the treaty does not prohibit modifications. Article 41 in subparagraph 1(b) provides the additional requirement or first conditions that the enjoyment of the rights of other parties are not affected and does not add to their obligations. The second condition is that any modification will not cause derogation from a provision that is incompatible with the effective execution of the object and purpose of the treaty in its entirety. In which case, if the object and purpose of the treaty can no longer be effectively executed, then the modification is not permitted.
4.3.3 Modification Under GATT Article XXIV
The question is whether GATT 1994 permits a modification in line with Article 41 that two or more parties to a treaty can modify as between themselves alone. GATT Article XXIV:5 states:
Accordingly, the provisions of this Agreement shall not prevent, as between the territories of contracting parties, the formation of a customs union or of a free-trade area or the adoption of an interim agreement necessary for the formation of a customs union or of a free-trade area; Provided that:…
It appears from the wording of Article XXIV:5 that Parties to the GATT/WTO Agreement are permitted to make modifications when they form free-trade areas and custom unions after having met some conditions. The Appellate Body, in its ruling in Turkey-Textiles,31 stated that the right to modify the GATT/WTO Agreement is subject to showing that the conditions in paragraphs 8 and 5 are met. In meeting the conditions in paragraph 5 for modification of the agreement, the subset of Parties are required to notify the Contracting Parties. In this respect, Article XXIV:7 requires the submission of the plan and schedule, as stated in paragraph 5. What is apparent from this in light of GATT 1994 is that Article 41 1(a) VCLT provides that "the possibility of such a modification is provided for by the treaty".32
4.4 Core Labour Standards as Jus Cogens?
The question of interest to labour standards advocates is whether the CLS could be considered peremptory norms recognised by the international community. The vast majority of states that recognise the CLS are evidence of their universality and also their widespread support among nations. Nevertheless, as our examination of the CLS under customary international law above has shown, it has to be apparent that the CLS would fall under customary international law, which would thus pave the way for the CLS to reach the status of jus cogens.33 This section will review the concept of jus cogens and consider its impact on the CLS.
4.4.1 Brief Overview of Jus Cogens
Are there rules of international law that, by consent, individual subjects of international law cannot modify? International jus cogens convey the idea of rule of international law that may not be changed by consent between individual subjects of international law.
Article 53 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT) states:
A treaty is void, if, at the time of its conclusion, it conflicts with a peremptory norm of general international law. For the purposes of the present Convention, a peremptory norm of general international law is a norm accepted and recognised by the international community of States as a whole as a norm from which no derogation is permitted and which can be modified only by a subsequent norm of general international law having the same character.34
In Article 64 of the Vienna Convention, the International Law Commission envisaged the emergence of new rules of jus cogens at a future time. This shows the Commission's view that the concept of jus cogens is still evolving. Article 64 states: "If a new peremptory norm of general international law emerges, any existing treaty which is in conflict with that norm becomes void and terminates." The VCLT negotiations did not produce any list of rules that constitute jus cogens.
However, violations of human rights, slave trade or slavery, and genocide have come to be regarded universally as peremptory norms of international law or, in other words, jus cogens. It is important to note that from the enforcement point of view, jus cogens apply erga omnes (i.e., to everyone). This implies that non-compliance of the rules under jus cogens may be reprimanded by any legal body under international law. The International Court of Justice made this point clear in the Barcelona Traction, Light and Power Company Ltd case. In that case, the Court's opinion reads in part:
[A]n essential distinction should be made between the obligations of a State towards the international community as a whole, and those arising vis-a-vis another state in the field of diplomatic protection. By their very nature the former concern all States. In view of the importance of the rights involved, all States can be held to have a legal interest in their protection; they are obligations erga omnes. Such obligations derive, for example, in contemporary international law, from the outlawing of acts of aggression, and of genocide, as also from the principles and rules concerning the basic rights of the human person, including protection from slavery and racial discrimination. Some of the corresponding rights have entered into the body of general international law…; others are conferred by international instruments of a universal or quasi-universal character.35
Concerning the consequences of identifying an international violation as jus cogens, Bassiouni ( 1997 ) raises the threshold question of whether such a status places obligations ergo omnes upon states or merely gives them certain rights to proceed against perpetrators of such crimes. Bassiouni further states that the threshold question carries with it the full implications of the Latin word obligatio or that it is denatured international law to signify only the existence of a right rather than a binding legal obligation.36
4.4.2 Jus Cogens and Core Labour Standards
Has the CLS acquired the status of peremptory norms to qualify as jus cogens? Vandaele ( 2005 ) provides a two-test approach. First, the CLS should be recognised by the whole international community of States. In respect of this, the CLS, as stated in the ILO Declaration, have to a great extent been recognised by all ILO Members and WTO Members that are also Members of the ILO.
The second test is whether the CLS are norms that are non-derogable. The non-derogative character of a right brings to fore the definition of jus cogens given by the Mexican delegate to the United Nations Conference on the Law of Treaties, when he stated:
The rules of jus cogens [are] those rules which derive from principles that the legal conscience of mankind deem[s] absolutely essential to coexistence in the international community.37
This definition was further echoed in the opinion of the German Federal Constitutional Court, when the Court stated:
The quality of such peremptory norms [jus cogens] may be attributed only to such legal rules as are firmly rooted in the legal conviction of the community of nations and are indispensable to the existence of the law of nations as an international legal order and the observance of which can be required by all members of the international community.38
The questions that the definition and opinion above raise for the CLS debate are whether a derogation from the CLS norms affects the conscience of the international community so as to require all countries to seek the observance thereof. If we are to go by the argument that considering the number of countries that have accepted the CLS as international norms and have incorporated them into their national laws, given the fact that 185 Member States have accepted the 'ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work and its Follow-up' by virtue of their membership in the ILO, all Members have an obligation to promote those rights listed above even if they have not ratified the individual conventions. Then the CLS could possibly be considered as peremptory norms to be protected as jus cogens.
Further to this is the argument that the CLS are part of the large body of human rights and have acquired an obligatory character in international law. The acceptance of CLS in principle as part of human rights by many States has elevated the CLS as legal obligations in international law.
Does this, however, indicate that the CLS have reached the level of international acceptance that they should be considered as jus cogens? In spite of the reasoning above, it cannot be concluded that CLS have reached the level of jus cogens. In addition, it is not clear as to whether the international community is prepared to promote the CLS irrespective of their universal acceptance by virtue of the ILO Membership under the 1998 Declaration to the level of peremptory norms that should qualify as jus cogens.
4.5 Core Labour Standards as Workers (Human) Rights
Workers' rights (just as human rights) have sometimes been regarded as inalienable rights that, irrespective of nationality, are a right by virtue of being human. In the global economy, workers' rights meet at the point where human rights law, trade law, labour law, and public policy intersect. This has important developments for the field of international labour or workers' rights for trade lawyers and trade policy analysts. It raises the question of the extent to which workers' rights, such as trade union rights, should be treated as economic rights, which should be regulated by governments in a free market environment. On the other hand, it raises the question of how workers' rights could be regarded as human rights and protected by international standards, equal to the market place and economic regulation.39
The fundamental question is whether workers' rights are human rights. Leary ( 1996a ) argues that workers' rights are human rights but further states that the international human rights movement has, over the decades, devoted very little attention to worker's rights. On the other hand, the international trade union movement and labour leaders have also rarely sought the support of human rights organisations—what Leary terms as "regrettable paradox"—since the two groups seem to run on parallel tracks and hardly do their views converge.40 Furthermore, Leary states that the bellwether for the status of human rights, in general, at the national level starts with the status of workers' rights.41 And this, Leary states, starts with the violation of freedom of association—one of the most fundamental rights of workers. Whilst human rights were originally conceived as individual rights, together with labour standards they are collective in nature, both have collective dimensions. For example, rights that on face value might seem to be individual rights, such as working hours or social security, carry weight when exercised in a collective manner.42
4.5.1 Human Rights and Workers' Rights: Individual and Collective Labour Standards
An issue prominent in human rights law is the clash between individual and collective rights. At the heart of this issue is whether the human rights laws built principally on the recognition of individual rights can also facilitate collective rights. In our view, the answer is yes. Whilst the international human rights framework might appear to advocate only individual rights, it also envisages collective rights.
In recent times, a number of proposals appear to push the collective rights agenda, such as the right to development, the rights of peoples, and the rights of mankind. Whilst such rights have gained acceptance on a wider scale, it has faced opposition from a number of legal experts steeped in the traditionalist line of thinking.43
The international labour standards, in particular the CLS, are examples of how the ILO, whilst advocating for collective rights, also allow for individuals to enjoy rights at the individual level. This raises the issue of whether the individual as part of a group can enjoy his individual right without achievement at the collective level.
For example, ILO Convention 111 on Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) requires the enactment of legislation for the elimination of discrimination in access to employment, training, and working conditions, on grounds of race, colour, sex, religion, political opinion, natural extraction, or social origin, and to promote equality of opportunity and treatment. This Convention has both individual and collective rights embedded in it. In a country where there is a policy of discrimination against a certain group, the right of the individual to employment and occupation is inextricably linked to the respect for the collective rights of his group. Failure to recognise the collective right of the group will definitely affect the right of an individual belonging to this group. In effect, the right of an individual cannot be looked at in isolation.
4.5.2 Workers' Rights at the International Level
Cleveland ( 2003 ) also argues that at the basic level, the international human rights standards and the international labour standards are the same. She argues that the theory underpinning the international human rights movement is that all persons are entitled to certain minimum standards.44 It is important to note that the attempt to abolish slavery was a labour rights movement.45 In addition, incorporated in the 1919 Treaty of Versailles was the call for domestic protection of freedom of association, reasonable wages, eight-hour-work per day, forty-eight-hour work week, equal rights for migrant workers, prohibition of child labour, and equal pay for men and women. The CLS have, over the years, been viewed as falling under international human rights as envisaged under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), 1948.46 Under the Universal Declaration, a "common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations"47 includes under its umbrella a general prohibition against discrimination, the rights to freedom of association and to form and be able to join unions, the prohibition against slavery, and the rights to work, to free choice of employment, to equal pay for equal work, etc.
The linkage between the CLS and human rights is clearly seen in respect for human rights, better standards of living, full employment, and social and economic progress, which after the Second World War were perceived as important factors in keeping the peace. For instance, Article 55 of the UN Charter states:
With a view to the creation of conditions of stability and well-being which are necessary for peaceful and friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, the United Nations shall promote:
higher standards of living, full employment, and conditions of economic and social progress and development;
solutions of international economic, social, health, and related problems; and international cultural and educational cooperation; and
universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundament al freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion.
These objectives are also expressed in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The existence of more than 100 multilateral and bilateral treaties on the protection of human rights, which almost all WTO Members have ratified, obliges members to accept and respect workers' rights both under international law and under their respective domestic laws. Even though human rights are not explicitly mentioned in the WTO Agreement, the acceptance of all 160 Members48 of the Agreement is recognition of the importance of human rights in the trade agreement. The Preamble of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organisation states:
Recognizing that their (Contracting Parties/Members) relations in the field of trade and economic endeavour should be conducted with a view to raising standards of living, ensuring full employment and a large and steadily growing volume of real income and effective demand, and expanding the production of and trade in goods and services, while allowing for the optimal use of the world's resources in accordance with the objective of sustainable development, seeking both to protect and preserve the environment and to enhance the means for doing so in a manner consistent with their respective needs and concerns at different levels of economic development.
The International Court of Justice (ICJ) has also ruled that all United Nations (UN) member states have legal obligations to respect human rights under the UN Charter and under general international law.49
Since World War II, international law has changed human rights law in significant ways. It is now generally acknowledged that the treatment by the state of its citizens is not only a matter under that particular state's jurisdiction but also a matter of international concern. The advent of globalisation and the rising dominance of global capitalism, with its influence in the political and economic spheres, have in many ways weakened the authority of the sovereign state. Nowhere is this clearly seen than in the debates in the linkages between core labour standards and international trade.
The labour standards were internationally acclaimed about a quarter of a century before the inclusion of human rights in the Universal Declaration and also in the UN Charter. In fact, René Cassin, the principal author of the Universal Declaration writing in 1950 stated that the ILO Constitution, which was a central part of the peace treaty at Versailles in 1919, represented the first instance of a contractual foundation for "international law regarding fundamental individual freedoms".50
4.6 Labour Standards and the WTO
A number of questions have been raised as to the legality of trade measures under WTO law in addressing the labour standards and international trade. The main question is whether the inclusion of a social clause in the WTO Agreement, which when violated, would entitle a country to impose trade sanctions. As discussed above, the characterisation of core labour standards are considered as basic human rights by many proponents and falls within the realm of human rights, which could be dealt with under the WTO legal system.
This raises the question whether the WTO legal system supports a Member's use of its trade regulation to pursue a social goal. Whilst generally international law does not eliminate a state's right to use economic sanctions and trade regulations to achieve a social good, it to some extent limits this right. Further, legal protections for human rights and international humanitarian law do not prohibit the use of trade measures, as long as countries take safeguard measures as to the proportion and welfare of civilians. However, a number of issues are taken into consideration, such as the nature of the social goal in question, the kind of trade measure, the countries that would be affected by the measure, and the history of the country's compliance with that very goal.51
Unilateral Social Clauses
Regional Trade Agreements and Labour Provisions
The Global Debate: The Linkage Between Labour Standards and International Trade
Regional Trade Agreements and the Interface Between Labour Standards and International Trade
The Impact of Regional Trade Agreements on the Labour-Trade Debate
The History of Core Labour Standards
The Role of National Human Rights Institutions
Multilateral Law-Making: Diplomatic Processes
Interpretation, Compliance, and Enforcement of Agreements
Intellectual Property Rights, the Right to Health, and the UDHR: Is Reconciliation Possible?
WTO and Human Rights
International Human Rights: Universal, Relative or Relatively Universal?
Individual Responsibility and the Evolving Legal Status of the Physical Person in International Human Rights Law
Law-Making Instruments
Tags: Core Labour Standards and International Trade


All rooms are Non-Smoking. Rates and availability subjects to change without notice. All common areas and hotel access are ADA compliant. Please specify on your reservation to request an ADA room.
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Our guests are financially responsible for ALL damages to the hotel property caused by the registered guest or persons occupying the guest room. If payment by credit card you authorize Chantico Inn to charge your account for the total amount due.


text:
Titus Livius, podle svého rodiště také Patavinus (59 př. n. l., Patavie, nyní Padova – 17 tamt.) byl římský spisovatel a historik, autor monumentálních dějin Říma Ab urbe condita.

Život
O Liviovi je známo velmi málo, hlavním pramenem je biskup Eusebius a jeho Chronicon. Pocházel z bohaté a pravděpodobně významné rodiny, takže byl finančně nezávislý. Vzdělání získal v Patavii a na své rodiště byl do smrti velmi hrdý. Tamní občané získali římské občanství až v roce 48 př. n. l. a zůstali dlouho věrni Pompeiovi a republice a nepodporovali Caesara. Občanská válka v letech 49 až 45 př. n. l. možná způsobila, že Livius neabsolvoval studijní pobyt v Řecku, což bylo u mladých vzdělaných mužů v té době obvyklé. Ve věku 28 let a patrně už po občanské válce odešel do Říma, kde se věnoval literatuře, historii a filosofii.

Pobýval v domě Maecenatově, kde se patrně také spřátelil s Gaiem Octaviem, pozdějším císařem Augustem. Svým dílem se významně podílel na jeho programu upevnění říše obnovou starých římských ctností, podobně jako další autoři tak zvaného "zlatého věku římské literatury" (Vergilius, Ovidius, Horatius aj.), a byl také učitelem pozdějšího císaře Claudia. Livius nebyl voják a patrně nezastával žádný veřejný úřad, čímž se lišil od starších římských historiků, a věnoval se pouze studiu a psaní. Psal filosofické dialogy i rétorické texty, které se však nezachovaly. Pobýval patrně střídavě v Římě a v Padově, kde také zemřel.

Historik
Osobní přátelství s Augustem a s císařskou rodinou umožnilo Liviovi dobrý přístup do knihoven a archívů, takže mohl zpracovat velké množství pramenných informací. Své zdroje často cituje a pokud se rozcházejí, uvádí i protichůdná mínění, což dává jeho dílu velikou cenu. Ačkoli je často ke svým pramenům, zejména k pověstem a bájím, poměrně kritický, přece jeho záměr nebyl pouze historiografický v moderním slova smyslu, nýbrž literární a vzdělávací, možná dokonce politický. Šlo mu o pozvednutí říše a národa, o nápravu mravních poměrů a o posílení římského sebevědomí, a to právě líčením velkých postav a historických úspěchů římského národa. K tomu slouží i velmi elegantní styl vyprávění, často prokládaného rozhovory a jednotlivými výroky, o jejichž autentičnosti moderní historikové pochybují. Jeho dílo také obsahuje řadu chyb a nedorozumění, i když poslední archeologické nálezy řadu jeho tvrzení o počátcích města a římské společnosti nepřímo potvrzují.

Livius měl dobré styky s Augustem a celou císařskou rodinou, nicméně jeho kritika současných poměrů, líčení starých ctností a hrdinství i spíše republikánská tradice jeho rodného města by mohly svědčit o tom, že byl příznivcem republiky. Bohužel knihy, věnované období občanské války a počátkům císařství, se nezachovaly, takže tuto otázku nelze jednoznačně zodpovědět.

Ab Urbe condita
Jediné Liviovo částečně zachované dílo, monumentální Dějiny od založení Města ("Ab Urbe condita libri CXLII"), jsou jeho celoživotním dílem, které začal psát někdy kolem roku 27 př. n. l. a do konce života pravděpodobně nedokončil. Tvořilo je 142 "knih" tj. patrně svitků, které pokrývaly dějiny Říma od jeho legendárního založení (podle tradice roku 753 př. n. l.) až do smrti Drusa roku 9 př. n. l. Je velmi pravděpodobné, že je chtěl dovést až do smrti svého příznivce císaře Augusta roku 14 n. l. Dílo, z něhož se zachovala asi čtvrtina, postupuje analisticky, v časovém pořadí, a je komponováno po skupinách pěti, deseti nebo patnácti "knih", snad jak Livius své dílo postupně publikoval.

Ve srovnání s Caesarem nebo Ciceronem je Liviův styl poetický až archaický. Často psal z perspektivy nepřátel Říma, aby zvýraznil římské ctnosti při dobývání Itálie a Středozemí. Nutno říci, že v jeho poetickém podání a v zájmu jednak čtivosti, jednak přesvědčivosti se často stírá rozdíl mezi fakty a fikcí. Často využíval předchozích autorů, protože doufal, že morální poučení z minulosti poslouží římské společnosti jeho dní. Současní autoři mu však neupírají snahu o historickou správnost a poctivost.

Text

Nejstarší zachované rukopisy pocházejí z 10. století a vesměs vycházejí z kritické redakce (emendace), kterou koncem 4. století pořídil Nicomachus Flavianus a jeho syn z pověření konsula Symmacha.

Z praktických důvodů se knihy často řadí do "dekád", z nichž se zachovaly:
 první dekáda, knihy 1 až 10, které končí rokem 321 př. n. l.
 třetí dekáda, knihy 21 až 30, líčící války s Hannibalem
 čtvrtá dekáda, knihy 31 až 40, které začínají druhou punskou válkou
 část páté dekády, knihy 41 až 45 s velkými mezerami, která končí rokem 167 př. n. l.

Zlomek 91. knihy o rozsahu asi 1000 slov byl objeven na palimpsestu ve Vatikánské knihovně v roce 1772. Několik zlomků na papyru bylo nalezeno v Egyptě od roku 1900, posledním objevem je cca 40 slov z knihy 11, která byla nalezena v 80. letech.

Vliv
Liviovy Dějiny měly veliký úspěch a zcela zastínily všechny předchůdce. Staly se autoritou a vzorem pro řadu dalších historiků. Byly ale tak rozsáhlé, že už ve starověku vznikaly zkrácené verze (epitomé), jaká se zachovala pro Knihu I, ale ještě dál do stručných přehledů a obsahů (perioché). Zkrácená verze knih 37-40 a 48-55 byla nalezena v Oxyrhynchu. Tudíž existuje alespoň seznam toho, co obsahují Liviovy ztracené knihy, bohužel už nevíme, co si o tom Livius myslel.
Mnoho římských autorů využilo Livia, včetně Aurelia Victora, Cassiodora, Eutropia, Festa, Flora, Grania Liciniana a Orosia. Julius Obsequens využil Livia, nebo zdroj, který měl přístup k Liviovi, při psaní svého díla De Prodigiis, výčet nadpřirozených událostí v Římě, od konzulátu Scipiona a Laelia až do konzulátu Paula Fabia a Quinta Aelia.

Zájem o Liviovy Dějiny se významně oživil v pozdním středověku, cituje ho Dante Alighieri a Petrarca i papež Mikuláš V., kteří sbírali staré rukopisy. Lorenzo Valla publikoval emendované vydání textu a Machiavelliho Discorsi - první moderní teorie státu - se opírají o první desítku Liviových Dějin. Kniha se pak stala součástí klasického vzdělání a až do počátku 20. století ji četli všichni gymnazisté.

Odkazy

Reference

Literatura
 Livius: Dějiny I./II. Přel. P. Kucharský a Č. Vránek. Praha: Svoboda 1972. (Knihy 1-10)
 Encyklopedie antiky. Praha: Svoboda 1973
 Ottův slovník naučný, heslo Livius Titus. Sv. 16, str. 202

Související články
 Augustus
 Starověký Řím
 Dějiny Říma

Externí odkazy

 Úplný text na projektu Gutenberg
 Životopis, schéma a kritika knihy (J. Lendering)

 Latinský text na The Latin Library

Starověcí římští historikové
Narození v 1. století př. n. l.
Úmrtí v 1. století
Postavy Božské komedie (Peklo)
Muži
Narození v Padově

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
<?php
namespace CmsIr\Dictionary\Model;

use CmsIr\System\Model\Model;

class Dictionary extends Model
{
    protected $id;
    protected $name;
    protected $category;
    protected $websiteId;
    protected $filename;
    protected $categoryId;
    protected $position;

    // virtual columns
    protected $blocks;
    protected $title;
    protected $content;

    public function exchangeArray($data)
    {
        $this->id = (!empty($data['id'])) ? $data['id'] : null;
        $this->name = (!empty($data['name'])) ? $data['name'] : null;
        $this->category = (!empty($data['category'])) ? $data['category'] : null;
        $this->websiteId = (!empty($data['website_id'])) ? $data['website_id'] : null;
        $this->filename = (!empty($data['filename'])) ? $data['filename'] : null;
        $this->categoryId = (!empty($data['category_id'])) ? $data['category_id'] : null;
        $this->position = (!empty($data['position'])) ? $data['position'] : null;
    }

    /**
     * @param mixed $id
     */
    public function setId($id)
    {
        $this->id = $id;
    }

    /**
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function getId()
    {
        return $this->id;
    }

    /**
     * @param mixed $name
     */
    public function setName($name)
    {
        $this->name = $name;
    }

    /**
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function getName()
    {
        return $this->name;
    }

    /**
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function getCategory()
    {
        return $this->category;
    }

    /**
     * @param mixed $category
     */
    public function setCategory($category)
    {
        $this->category = $category;
    }

    /**
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function getWebsiteId()
    {
        return $this->websiteId;
    }

    /**
     * @param mixed $websiteId
     */
    public function setWebsiteId($websiteId)
    {
        $this->websiteId = $websiteId;
    }

    /**
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function getFilename()
    {
        return $this->filename;
    }

    /**
     * @param mixed $filename
     */
    public function setFilename($filename)
    {
        $this->filename = $filename;
    }

    /**
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function getBlocks()
    {
        return $this->blocks;
    }

    /**
     * @param mixed $blocks
     */
    public function setBlocks($blocks)
    {
        $this->blocks = $blocks;
    }

    /**
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function getCategoryId()
    {
        return $this->categoryId;
    }

    /**
     * @param mixed $categoryId
     */
    public function setCategoryId($categoryId)
    {
        $this->categoryId = $categoryId;
    }

    /**
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function getTitle()
    {
        return $this->title;
    }

    /**
     * @param mixed $title
     */
    public function setTitle($title)
    {
        $this->title = $title;
    }

    /**
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function getContent()
    {
        return $this->content;
    }

    /**
     * @param mixed $content
     */
    public function setContent($content)
    {
        $this->content = $content;
    }

    /**
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function getPosition()
    {
        return $this->position;
    }

    /**
     * @param mixed $position
     */
    public function setPosition($position)
    {
        $this->position = $position;
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Last January 30, my college friends and I did our traditional out of town trip. This year our destinations are Cebu and Bohol.
We proceed to the boarding gate around 4:30 PM then suddenly we heard our names being called.
We immediately rushed to the gate and gave our tickets while cackling. Haha! It was all our first time to be called out.The hilarious moment subsided when we're inside the plane because everyone are already seated and looking at us because we're the CODs.
I'm planning to sleep while in transit but I wasn't able to because of what happened. It really set the mood for our travel and thus we are ready for more unfortunate funny events that may occur.
We arrived in Mactan- Cebu International Airport around 6:00 PM. Here, we meet Mich and Joms who arrived an hour earlier.
I must say, Mactan Airport is quite larger compared to other local airports I've been to and It looks better and cleaner than NAIA. 🙂 Another thing that impressed me upon arrival in Cebu is their Taxi system. It's very organized. We were also told that taxi drivers here are very disciplined and nicer compared to those in Manila and It is true.
Jan 30th was also the International Eucharistic Congress. Another big celebration held in Cebu apart from the Sinulog Festival. It took us an hour and a half in taxi because of road closures and processions happen in every corner. It's fine because the driver is very patient and we are just being entertained by what we see around and the fireworks display.
8:00 PM, we went out to have a dinner. Our target was either Zubuchon or CNT lechon.
Btw, if you're in Cebu, the most recommended food to eat is their LECHON. Zubuchon, and CNT are the top 2 preferred restaurants to go to.
While in transit, the first group told us that CNT is closed. 🙁 Good thing, base from my research, there's another place that is a must visit for food tripping, the LARSIAN. We asked our driver if its still open and he said yes. Whew!
–located in Fuenta Osmena. Is a food area with multiple stalls selling barbeques(pork,chicken, hotdogs) chorizo(longganiza) and seafoods to be grilled. The place is very ideal for big groups, after party and midnight food trips. The vendors are very enthusiastic in promoting their foods. Some offers free drinks and some will give additional barbeques if you'll buy to them.
While waiting for your food, they'll first serve PUSO, its a triangular shaped rice wrapped in a woven coconut leaves. They also call it hanging rice because you'll see it being hanged most of the time. The price range is ₱3.00 –₱5.00.
Picture taking while waiting for the food.
I wasn't able to have a decent shot of our order because we ate it right away once served.
We went home right after because we're so tired and since they needed to sleep early for their Canyoneering activity. I wasn't able to join them because I have other agenda the next day.
***dinner is free but ₱30.00-₱50.00 is enough for a good meal in Larsian because the foods are really cheap.
***credits for james and gelo for some shots.
I think you enjoyed that too. 🙂 Thanks for dropping by!


Each week we'll show you what we loved most on Pinterest — here are our top 5 favorite pins from the week 03/30/14 all related to spring gatherings.
Some delicious links to help you celebrate St. Patrick's Day, including brunch recipes, cocktails, and design inspiration.
One of my all-time favorite recipes: a Charred Jalapeño and Carrot Margaritas.


text:
Q: rsync from server to local home folder while keeping file ownership Backing up a website to my home folder while trying to keep file ownership.
rsync -az  user@server.com:/www/site ~/backup

If I understand, the -a option is the same as -rlptgoD in which -o and -g maintain owner and group. Right?
files to be backed up are all set as user:user, is not an admin (shared host).
When I run the command the files on my local machine all are changed to be in my local user:group.
The basic question is how do I maintain the original ownership of the files?
Or am I going about this the wrong way? And should be taring the files then transferring?

A: You cannot maintain ownership and group of a file unless you either own the files already or you are root. (This fits in with the principle that you cannot "give away" files.) You can use the --fake-super flag to record the ownership and group in extended attributes so that if you restore with sufficient permissions you can restore those previously saved values.
# Backup
rsync -az --fake-super user@server.com:/www/site ~/backup

# Restore
rsync -az --fake-super ~/backup root@server.com:/www/site

If you cannot log in as root on the remote system but you have (say) the ability to run sudo without it prompting for a password, you can mangle the command line like this:
# Restore via sudo
rsync -az --fake-super --rsync-path='sudo rsync' ~/backup root@server.com:/www/site

The --fake-super flag also sidesteps problems with the user and group names not existing on the target system (although there is the --numeric-ids option if you decide not to use --fake-super). Just be aware that it look a bit strange on the target system until you realise that it really is working in the background. Symlinks, for example, also stop being symlinks while backed-up.
A potential issue is that rsync prefers to copy owner and group information by name rather than UID/GID. This can cause problems if the names don't exist on the target system. Fortunately the --numeric-ids flag allows you to tell rsync to copy by UID/GID instead of by name.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Behavioral health providers are likely to be in heavy demand once the ACA takes effect. Not only will many uninsured New Yorkers get coverage, but the law removes existing state exemptions.
Currently, health plans that cover small businesses can set limits on the number of inpatient mental health or substance abuse treatment care days. The ACA will eliminate those limits and lift similar restrictions on outpatient care.
Under the state's Timothy's Law, health plans that cover 50 employees or more must provide parity—meaning they must offer as much mental health care as they do medical care. But there is an exception for small plans.
"We haven't done any calculations on what that will cost under the ACA," said a spokeswoman for the New York Health Plan Association, "but we agree that it will increase demand."
At a June meeting of the state Department of Health's Public Health and Health Planning Council's planning committee, member Dr. Glenn Martin, a psychiatrist, predicted that providers will be overwhelmed with patients seeking treatment. Relatively few therapists take insured patients because the payments are too low, he said. "I'm one of the few who do."


We Renewed Our WIT Membership!
TRANSTEX renewed its membership with the Women In Trucking Association! We're so proud to be part of an association with such an important mission. Let's keep supporting and encouraging the strong women in our industry.
Marketing Director Kristy Pealow is representing TRANSTEX at this year's Safety, Security & Human Resources National Conference & Exhibition. She's been attending the seminars to gather new and valuable information on safety and security in our industry. If you see her, don't be shy and say hi!
TRANSTEX At The 2017 Expo Transporte ANPACT!
Magdalena Campdera is representing TRANSTEX at the 2017 Expo Transporte ANPACT! If you're in sunny Mexico enjoying the show, keep an eye out for her.
Zapata (G1630), Talleres Lozano (F0110) and Fruehauf (G0606) are sporting TRANSTEX skirts at the show! Pass by their booths to check them out.
TRANSTEX At the 2017 NationaLease Canadian Leadership Summit!
Director of Sales Jason Poupart and CEO Mathieu Boivin participated in this year's NationaLease Canadian Leadership Summit and they got to meet up with Dwayne Haug!
Alexandra Ospina, our Marketing Specialist, was lucky enough to meet Ellen Voie of the Women In Trucking Association during this year's Accelerate! Conference. It is no secret that Ellen is an inspiration and a role model to all women in the industry. Her efforts in support of women in trucking do not go unnoticed. TRANSTEX LLC and the women of TRANSTEX thank you.
Our Marketing Specialist, Alexandra Ospina, is representing TRANSTEX LLC at the Women In Trucking Association's 3rd annual Accelerate! Conference. We are proud to be participating in such an important event. Congratulations to Ellen Voie on a successful start to a wonderful conference.


text:
Q: NLog - FallbackGroup not working as expected I am using Nlog's FallbackGroup wrapper to setup failover logging. In case my first target - "Network" logger fails/errors out, it should log to second target/fallback target "EventLog". But while I am running my console app, I could see that it is only trying to log to the first one and always fails. It is not even trying to log to "EventLog". FYI, the EventLog target works fine in isolation(with out fallback setup).
I have got above mentioned details, by enabling the "InternalLogging" on NLog, which is basically writing all the NLog execution to a file.
Below is my NLog config:
<configuration>
<configSections>
    <section name="nlog" type="NLog.Config.ConfigSectionHandler, NLog"/>
</configSections>
<nlog xmlns="http://www.nlog-project.org/schemas/NLog.xsd" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" throwExceptions="true">
    <targets>
        <!-- For logging over network with json layout -->
        <target xsi:type="FallbackGroup" name="XXXFallBackLoggingGroup" returnToFirstOnSuccess="true">
            <target name="network" xsi:type="Network" address="https://XXXX/api/log">
                <layout xsi:type="JsonLayout">
                    <attribute name="time" layout="${longdate:universalTime=true}" />
                    <attribute name="level" layout="${level:upperCase=true}"/>
                    <attribute name="message" layout="${message}" />
                </layout>
            </target>
            <target xsi:type="EventLog" name="eventlog" source="xxxx" layout="${level:upperCase=true}${newline}${longdate:universalTime=true}${newline}${message}${newline}"/>
        </target>
    </targets>
    <rules>
        <logger name="*" minlevel="Trace" writeTo="XXXFallBackLoggingGroup" />
    </rules>
</nlog>

This is driving me crazy. I have given many attempts to fix it, but nothing works. Any ideas/suggestions or solutions, please let me know.
Edit:
I tried to update the names of targets but this too does not work, however as I mentioned earlier both are working in isolation. Another point, in order to test  fallback logging, I have removed my API - the first target, so that it always throws 404 error, but still the NLog is trying to pick the first target always

A: I had exactly the same issue. I notice that when throwExceptions attribute is activated. It's throw the exception (that it cannot log on sql server database or an other target). And next it terminate the process.
Remove this attribute and your failover configuration should work.

A: https://github.com/NLog/NLog/blob/v4.4.12/src/NLog/Internal/ExceptionHelper.cs#L100
This is the line responsible for this behavior.
You can change throwExcepions=true to throwConfigExceptions=true if you still want to be aware of configuration issues.