text:
Medium and message: Progressio
06 December 2006 by Indira Das-Gupta
A film about a Peruvian village's fight against developers is teaching other communities to assert themselves.
Stephanie Boyd, a development worker for international development charity Progressio, has made a film about the struggle of local people in Tambogrande, Peru, to save their fragile valley from development by a mining company.
Tambogrande: Mangos, Murder, Mining will be screened in London for the first time today at an event hosted by Progressio and the Peru Support Group.
Boyd, a trained journalist, was moved to investigate the situation after reading an article about how a Canadian mining company was establishing a mine, resisted by the local community, in Tambogrande in northern Peru.
"I went to Peru thinking at first that I would write an article," she says. "But then I met this very charismatic activist called Godfredo Garcia and knew I had to make a film. He was actually assassinated after we started filming, which only strengthened our resolve."
The conflict was eventually settled peacefully. Boyd has already shown the film to three other Peruvian communities facing similar situations. "It's all very well us trying to tell these people to react peacefully," says Boyd, "but seeing an example of successful, non-violent campaigning from their own society is really inspiring."
The film was premiered at the International Documentary Festival of Amsterdam at the end of last month, and 700 copies will be sent to development organisations.
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From 2000 to 2016 an average of 7.15 MILLION acres of our National Forests have burned each year affecting our clean air and water, destroying natural habitat, and devastating many communities who live in these areas.
We are focused on the big picture of working nationally to sustain our forests, watersheds, clean air and our environment for current and future generations through providing much needed logistical support services to the wildland fire and all-risk incident communities. What better way too truly make an impact on the environment than to serve the men and woman who everyday risk their lives to protect and care for our natural resources.
Every year, more that 20,000 wildland firefighters and first responders are called upon to wildland fires, hurricanes, tornado, flood, and many other natural disasters that strike the United States. But who supports these men and women on the front lines? Who feeds them? Where do they get a shower? Wash their hands? Sleep? Who provides other logistical support such as communications or aviation command trailers, water tenders, bulldozers and other heavy equipment? The answer in is independent, privately owned contractors and vendors who have purchased these kinds of equipment and lease them to the government (USFS, BLM, FEMA) during wildland or all risk incidents.
Our will community will purchase several pieces of equipment and become one of these all too important vendors that provide these desperately needed logistical support. The funds generated by this venture will be re-invested in additional equipment as well be used to support the community in its income sharing model.


Here is the inspiring story of a woman ahead of her time. Living in an era when women were schooled to home and family, Sigurbjorg Stefansson became a citizen of the world, an intrepid traveller, a beloved teacher, and a political activist.
Rising from a childhood of utter poverty in the wilderness of 1905 Saskatchewan, she came to be a noted community philanthropist. Audrhea Lande has written an unusual biography, a thoughtful examination of the way political and cultural forces can shape a life. Told through photos, interviews, newspaper clippings, archival materials and Sigurbjorg's own letters --" always signed With Love to You All, Bogga S." here is a window into the life of awoman grounded in her community, with soaring ideals and a spirit that strove to realize them.


text:
Energy in Demand – Sustainable Energy – Rod Janssen
Energy Advice Exchange
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In search of Europe's clean air
Rod Janssen	air pollution	 November 17, 2018 November 17, 2018
Air pollution kills hundreds of thousands of Europeans every year. But breathing is riskier in some places than others. In countries like Poland, change is happening — but only slowly. Irene Banos Ruiz provides an excellent overview on the Deutsche Welle website of the air quality in Europe
Where is Europe's air safe to breathe?
"Smog is very real. You can feel it, you can smell it," Andrzej Gula told DW. "People in Krakow joke that you can even bite it."
It's a bitter joke, because air pollution literally kills thousands of people in Poland every year.
Gula has been battling air pollution in Poland's second-largest city for the past six years. He sees only two options: You either move away or take action. He went for the latter, joining the civil society group Polish Smog Alert.
Wearing masks and checking smog levels are already a part of many Poles' regular routine. On some days, children and elderly are advised to stay home due to unsafe pollution levels.
As winter approaches, the danger increases. In Poland, domestic heating is a major culprit in creating unbreathable air.
During the colder months, people's clothes stink of smog, Gula says. A comparison with tobacco is apt — in terms of carcinogens, simply breathing in Krakow is equivalent to smoking about at least 3,000 cigarettes per year, activists estimate, and can lead to strokes, heart disease and lung cancer.
Poles are not alone in this suffering — billions of people around the world breathe toxic air every day. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 7 million people died in 2016 due to dirty air, and that air pollution endangers the health of nine out of 10 people around the world, including children.
In Europe, about half a million people died prematurely in 2015 due to air pollution, the European Environment Agency (EEA) found. But some parts of the continent have it worse than others.
Where in Europe is breathing dangerous?
In 1990, exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) — that is, microscopic particles with a diameter of up to 2.5 micrometers, which lodge in the lungs and cause respiratory and circulatory health problems — caused the premature death of around 1 million people in Europe.
Across Europe, the number of deaths due to air pollution has steadily declined over past decades. Yet air pollution levels, especially in cities, are still dangerously — and illegally — high. Around 90 percent of urban Europeans breathe air that is hazardous to their health.
Air pollution consists of a wide range of pollutants, including particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, ground-level ozone and ammonia. The latter especially worries Alberto González, air quality expert at the EEA.
When ammonia reaches the atmosphere, it becomes particularly dangerous as it meets vehicular emissions, and produces new particulate matter.
Around 94 percent of ammonia emissions in the European Union come from agriculture. Agriculture is the only sector where emissions have not seen major reductions since 1990.
"It is very important to finally act in agriculture to fight air pollution," González told DW.
Fine particulate matter remains the most lethal air pollutant, and levels are particularly high in central and eastern Europe. Although older industrial facilities play a role, household heating with low-quality fuels like coal and wood is by far the biggest cause.
Bulgaria is the most-polluted country in the EU, with the highest number of premature deaths due to air pollution. Most of these, too, are linked to fine particulate matter from heating systems, González said.
Norway, on the other hand, is the only country in Europe that has air pollution levels well below WHO safety standards (which are significantly stricter than EU limits) — mainly the result of effective governmental policies, such as promoting clean mobility.
Poland's dirty heating
Poland, host of the COP24 climate conference this December, comes second after Bulgaria on the list of European countries with poor air quality and premature deaths due to particulate matter pollution. If deaths related to all types of air pollution are counted, Poland is ranked fourth.
If all three main pollutants are considered, Poland ranks sixth for deaths due to air pollution in Europe.
Air pollution kills some 45,000 people each year in Poland alone, experts estimate.
According to the WHO, 33 cities in Poland were among the 50 most-polluted cities in Europe in 2017. One of these is Katowice — where the climate conference will take place.
If you plan to attend, be prepared to hold your breath, activists warn half-jokingly.
More than half of fine particulate matter emissions in Poland come from home heating. Transport generates about 10 percent, while industry and the energy sector together produce about 25 percent.
"It doesn't mean transport is not a problem," Gula pointed out. Transport contributes greatly, for instance, to toxic nitrogen oxide pollution.
Poland's continued reliance on coal power also continues to be a factor in the air pollution problem.
Toward cleaner breathing
Over recent years, air pollution has begun to make headlines in Poland, with campaigns by organizations like Polish Smog Alert helping focus public concern.
Activists say the tangible threat of air pollution has also boosted public awareness around climate change, caused by the same dirty fuels.
Pressure from the EU has also led to a turning point, said Przemyslaw Hofman, director of the low-emission economy department in the Polish Ministry of Entrepreneurship and Technology.
The Polish government has finally banned the sale of boilers that lack emission controls, and has announced a €25 billion ($26.8 billion) clean air program to help its citizens trade in old heaters for cleaner ones over the next 10 years.
And some local authorities are a step ahead. Most coal heating in Krakow have already been replaced with cleaner alternatives, such as gas or district heating networks.
And the city will soon implement Poland's first ban on using coal and wood for heating. Such bans have proven effective, for example in China.
Meanwhile, the EU is carrying out its Clean Air Policy Package, which is expected to considerably reduce air pollution by 2030.
If EU member states apply the bloc's policies, the number of premature deaths due to air pollution could be reduced by more than half by 2030, the European Commission has said.
So what are we waiting for?
Previous Post Would you believe that a bug's fart can produce renewable energy?
Next Post Part of a radical shift in agriculture – using LED lights
The focus of this site is the low carbon energy transition. The purpose is to share information, highlight issues, drive momentum and especially, to share thinking. I strongly encourage readers to react and to add your own ideas and perspectives.
Rod Janssen, Editor
This Week's Posts
As our nights grow increasingly bright, its negative impacts are becoming ever more visible on our health and on nature
The tipping points for climate action
Understanding the carbon jargon
New EEA briefing explores alternative ways of thinking about economic growth and progress
A new coalition is monitoring the overlap of climate denial with other conspiracy theories online
One man's love of hydrogen
Working at the district level will bring many benefits to combat climate change
Electric vehicles now have more than half the market share in Norway
Our laptops and smart phones have a terrible ecological footprint
A company has developed a burp-catching device for cows will help curb GHG emissions
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Carlshamn Mejeri är ett varumärke och var tidigare dessutom ett livsmedelsföretag med rötter i Karlshamns kommun i Sverige.

Varumärket Carlshamn Mejeri infördes 1994. Det användes inledningsvis för margarin, glass och mandelmassa. Under en period användes varumärket även för andra mjölkfria produkter såsom soygurt, sojadryck, havredryck, risdryck, alternativ till matlagningsgrädde och smoothier gjorda på havre. Matfettsproduktionen övertogs av Bunge 2009.

Historik

Kooperationen
Carlshamn Mejeri har sin bakgrund i Kooperativa Förbundets historiska behov av egen margarinproduktion. KF:s inblandning i margarinproduktion hade börjat med köpet av en mindre margarinfabrik i Vänersborg 1909. 1919-1921 byggdes en större margarinfabrik i Norrköping. Verksamheten inleddes i november 1921.

År 1960 togs beslut om att flytta margarinfabriken till Karlshamn. Margarinfabriken hamnade då under Karlshamns Oljefabriker, som KF ägde sedan tidigare.

Den nya fabriken invigdes den 24 september 1965. Utöver margarin tillverkades även glass i Karlshamnsfabriken.

Produkterna såldes under KF:s varumärken Winner (glass), Eve (margarin) och Goman (mandelmassa). Under en period från 1980 bytte flera av KF:s egenproducerade produkter namn till Coop. År 1986 återinfördes varumärkena Winner och Eve.

Fristående
Under början av 1990-talet avyttrade KF merparten av sin livsmedelsproduktion, inklusive Winner i Karlshamn. Den 24 februari 1994 såldes företaget, varpå namnet ändrades till Carlshamn Mejeri AB. Ny majoritetsägare var riskkapitalbolaget CVC Capital Partners, medan svenska Atle hade en större minoritetsandel.

Det nya namnet Carlshamn Mejeri hade förberetts inför försäljningen tillsammans med reklambyrån Rönnberg & Co. Namnvalet och marknadsföringen skulle ge margarinet en svensk anknytning. Under de två åren som fristående företag satsade Carlshamn Mejeri även på export till Baltikum och Östeuropa.

Raisio

I oktober 1996 köptes Carlshamn Mejeri av den finländska Raisiokoncernen. År 2002 flyttade produktionen till Reso (finska: Raisio)  i Finland. Viss svensk margarinproduktion återupptogs tillfälligt något år senare.

Carlshamn Glass såldes i december 2002 till tillika finskägda Åhus Glass. Affären gav Åhus Glass rätten att använda namnet Carlshamn Glass, men det avvecklades ganska snart.

År 2006 försvann namnet Carlshamn när Raisio valde att ersätta det med sitt finska varumärke Keiju. Även varumärket Elovena hämtades från Finland.

Efter namnbytet minskade försäljningen kraftigt vilket gjorde att Raisio år 2008 valde att återinföra det gamla varumärket i Sverige. Produktionen fortsatte dock att ske i Finland.

Produktexpansion
År 2009 sålde Raisio sin matfettstillverkning till amerikanska Bunge Limited. Raisio behöll inledningsvis varumärket Carlshamn Mejeri och licensierade det till Bunge.

Raisio fortsatte utveckla Carlshamnvarumärket och använde det för produkter som inte var matfett. Bland annat lanserades "soygurt" och havredryck 2009 och havrebaserade smoothies 2010. I februari 2010 lanserades Carlshamn Bageri, som var ett försök att marknadsföra Raisios bakprodukter i Sverige.

År 2013 såldes Raisios ris-, soja- och havrebaserade produkter till Kavli, inklusive soygurt och andra mjölkalternativ. Dessa produkter såldes som Carlshamn Mejeri fram till 2015 när de bytte namn till Planti.

Under 2015 överläts även varumärket Carlshamn Mejeri till Bunge.

Marknadsföring
I en flerårig reklamkampanj på 1990-talet blev företaget känt för de återkommande uttrycken Gott, gotti, gott, gott och Lätt, lätti, lätt, lätt med tvillingbröderna Jeppsson.

Referenser

Noter

Källor
http://www.carlshamnmejeri.se/#/fragor-och-svar

Externa länkar
 Carlshamn Mejeri

Ej längre existerande svenska livsmedelsföretag
Företag upplösta 2003
Varumärken för dagligvaror
Karlshamn

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Martial arts experts in many cases are asked such a victim could do in the case of an opponent obtaining a weapon in a self-defense situation. One answer is to arm themselves with the everyday item. This can permit the victim to head off being seriously injured. In this article we are going to show what to use against an armed attacker.
The siren is made to wake you up as well in case you are sleeping. If you have ever heard a burglar alarm system it's a very shrill and piercing sound. For many, the sound, to begin with scares them a great deal their blood pressure level rises along with their pulse increases rapidly. They end up jittery because adrenaline rush occurs. It could somewhat be the designers from the sirens made a sound which is very hard about the human central nervous system.
Watch carefully and try moves to get expertise in your neighborhood. The traditional class schedule can be a costly method of learning fighting styles whereas learning through internet and DVD's is surely an economical way that doesn't put a lot of strain on your pockets. Learning via internet or Karate DVD will help you to learn new techniques or specific moves that you wanted to learn for long now. Indeed, internet and Karate DVD training has encouraged an easy way to find out fighting styles.
Proper training and physical fitness are secrets to surviving a life-threatening self-defense scenario. If you see martial arts training training as just a approach to learn moves to impress your pals rather than take it seriously, you happen to be setting yourself up for possibly a painfully rude awakening. Your confidence could possibly be overrated. As with something you like to perfect in everyday life, practice, diligence and patience is the vital thing.
We hope you can find what you need here. We always effort to show a picture with HD resolution or at least with perfect images. Aikido Vs Jeet Kune Do Fresh Free Aikido Class New York Aikido society This can be beneficial inspiration for those who seek an image according specific categories; you can find it in this site. Finally all pictures we have been displayed in this site will inspire you all..


Discussion in 'Glass For Sale' started by inhalesmoke3, Jan 18, 2019.
I have my Toro micro for sale. Ti signed by JP on bottom 35 of 40.
Comes with matching dish only thing wrong is a small flea mark out of the label on dish only.
TheLungOG718, bongman1911, Brandon Bocchino and 1 other person like this.


o Indicate the markets that the company will pursue.
o Specify the unique value the company will offer in the selected markets.
o Discuss the resources and capabilities that are required.
o Analyze how the company will capture value and sustain competitive advantage over time.


text:
RainDance RainDrop System Proven to be Industry's Most Precise Digital PCR Platform for Measuring Chromosomal Copy Number Variation
Company presents results demonstrating accurate detection of small chromosomal differences at CNAPS VIII Conference and showcases technology at AMP 2013 Annual Meeting
BILLERICA, Mass. – Nov. 13, 2013 –RainDance Technologies, Inc. today announced that it has added a High-Precision Chromosomal Copy Number Variation (CNV) Measurement application to its industry-leading RainDrop™ Digital PCR System. The latest application provides researchers with a simple and highly accurate method of detecting low frequency chromosomal CNVs and trisomy events from circulating tumor cells or cell-free DNA. Recent studies have demonstrated the RainDrop System's ability to detect CNVs with greater than 99 percent confidence when the sample makes up as low as five percent of the 10 nanograms input DNA. The High-Precision CNV application utilizes universal probe designs and is being made available immediately to all current and future RainDrop customers.
Variation in chromosomal number can occur in genetic disease and cancer tumor progression. However, the fraction of the cells affected by chromosomal abnormalities may only be a small portion of the sample material, making it very difficult to quantify chromosomal CNVs. Additionally, there may be as little as 10ng of highly fragmented material available for the analysis. The RainDrop System overcomes these barriers and enables users to precisely measure these types of chromosomal copy number differences. Customers have approached RainDance to use this High-Precision CNV Measurement method for a range of applications, including detecting circulating tumor cells and cytogenetics.
"The new High-Precision CNV Measurement application makes the RainDrop System the industry's most versatile genomic analysis platform and most precise Digital PCR platform for measuring chromosomal changes from samples such as circulating tumor cells or cell-free DNA," said Darren R. Link, Ph.D., Co-founder and Chief Technology Officer at RainDance Technologies. "We were able to prove that a tiled multi-locus assay using a universal configuration can accurately detect some of the most challenging CNVs associated with aneuploidy and cancer tumor progression."
Transforming Traditional CNV Studies
The RainDrop System is the industry's most precise digital PCR platform for accurately detecting and measuring low frequency chromosomal changes. During the CNAPS Conference, experimental data was presented demonstrating successful performance of:
A 40-plex assay design: The team co-amplified 40 unique primer-probe regions over two different chromosomes using a universal probe design.
Wide range of input requirements: Total system precision was assessed by successfully detecting CNVs at various input amounts of DNA ranging from 50ng to 10ng.
Increasing amounts of affected fraction: The team observed clear separation between normal and affected chromosomal CNVs where affected DNA was five percent the total DNA population/fraction.
Industry's lowest coefficient of variation (CV): The RainDrop System CV was demonstrated to be less than 0.5 percent.
Platform Versatility
The RainDrop Digital PCR System is transforming molecular analysis by enabling digital answers across a number of other applications. The company recently launched One-Step RT-dPCR capabilities, which provide researchers with a simple method of counting individual RNA target molecules. Today's announcement also follows other recent published customer successes:
Publication in Journal of Clinical Chemistry demonstrated the use of the RainDrop Digital PCR system to detect multiple KRAS mutations directly from a liquid biopsy.
Scientists from the Massachusetts General Hospital demonstrated the use of a RainDrop Digital PCR System to detect glioma-associated mRNA mutations from cerebrospinal fluid.
Trovagene Inc. recently demonstrated that BRAF mutations present in trans-renal DNA from urine can be measured with unprecedented sensitivity by the RainDrop Digital PCR System.
For a complete list of RainDrop Digital PCR System publications, please visit RainDanceTech.com/Publications.
Upcoming Technology Demonstrations and Recent Public Presentations
RainDance will be showcasing the RainDrop Digital PCR System in Booth 206 at the AMP 2013 Annual Meeting in Phoenix, AZ on November 14-16, 2013. In addition, Dr. Darren Link presented the latest data supporting the High-Precision CNV Measurement application during the recent Circulating Nucleic Acids in Plasma and Serum Conference in Baltimore, MD. For more information, on the RainDrop System and the applications, please visit http://raindancetech.com/digital-pcr-tech.
RainDance Technologies is an emerging life sciences company developing innovative products that enable more accurate, reliable, cost-effective and early detection of disease and risk predisposition in order to improve human healthcare. Today, RainDance is focused on better healthcare outcomes and lowering costs for the research, detection and treatment of cancers and inherited diseases. The company's innovative RainStorm™ digital droplet technology powers next-generation sequencing and genetic testing systems that deliver dramatically superior performance, cost, interpretability, and ease of use. RainDance systems are used routinely in major academic research institutions, clinical genetics laboratories, and hospitals around the world. Based in Billerica, Massachusetts, the company supports customers through its international sales and service operations as well as a global network of distributors and commercial service providers. For more information, please visit www.RainDanceTech.com.
The RainDrop Digital PCR System is for Research Use Only; not for use in diagnostic procedures.
RainDance Technologies, the RainDance Technologies logo, RainDrop, and RainStorm are trademarks of RainDance Technologies, Inc. All other brands may be trademarks of their respective holders.
Andrew Noble
RainDance Technologies Launches First Access Program for RainDrop™ Digital PCR System
RainDance Technologies Unveils Digital PCR Platform to European Market


text:
Last 3 years (12)
Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness (21)
Prehospital and Disaster Medicine (1)
Society for Disaster Medicine and Public Health, Inc. SDMPH (21)
World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine (1)
Preventing Indirect Health Problems in Ukrainian Refugees: Establishing a Long-term Support System of Living Environment
Takanao Hashimoto, Toyoaki Sawano, Akihiko Ozaki, Masaharu Tsubokura
Journal: Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness / Accepted manuscript
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 December 2022, pp. 1-4
COVID-19 Vaccination in a Former Fukushima Nuclear Accident Evacuation Area
Naomi Ito, Sachiko Yoshida, Mika Sato, Kiyotaka Yasui, Yuki Sonoda, Masaharu Tsubokura
After the Fukushima accident in 2011, approximately 160,000 residents were forced to evacuate the site. The evacuation order has since been lifted, and the Japanese government is now advancing a return strategy. As the return processes, deterioration of health indicators and measures in the municipalities around the nuclear power plant remains unchanged. This affected the local governments' coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccination drive during the COVID-19 pandemic.
In Japan, municipalities keep track of residents' information and implement health-related measures. However, many residents evacuated the town, leaving their registered residence. With long-term evacuation and few returnees, it was difficult for the government officials to constantly monitor the residents' health. There is an urgent need to maintain residents' records and ensure that they receive health services without any gap.
This report aimed to provide implications for post-disaster community health services and support as observed during the COVID-19 vaccination program at a disaster site.
Demographic Change of the Kawauchi Special Nursing Home Occupants in a Former Evacuation Area After the Nuclear Power Plant Accident: A Retrospective Observational Study
Yurie Kobashi, Yoshitaka Nishikawa, Tomohiro Morita, Fumiya Omata, Naomi Ito, Masaharu Tsubokura
Journal: Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness , First View
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 19 September 2022, pp. 1-4
This retrospective observational study aimed to look into the social demographic change of the occupants of a long-term care (LTC) facility that was constructed in 2015 as a restoration support after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident.
The social demographic information during 2015–2021 of occupants in the Kawauchi Special Nursing Home was analyzed.
A total of 172 participants were included in the analysis. The number (proportion) of evacuees was 37 (69.8%) in 2015, then gradually decreased to 7 (31.8%) in 2018, yet increased to 21 (58.3%) in 2019. There were 121 occupants (70.4%) who were from Kawauchi Village and other municipalities of the former evacuation area.
The Kawauchi Special Nursing Home initially received people who hoped to return to the former evacuation zone; however, its role changed to receive people who became in need of LTC after returning to Kawauchi Village. The construction of LTC facilities in the former evacuation area may help enhance the local LTC service where returnees are rapidly aging.
Characteristics of Patients Transported by Doctor-Requested Helicopters After Japan's 2011 Nuclear Incident
Kotaro Sorimachi, Kazuya Muto, Kazuki Sugaya, Satoshi Ueno, Makoto Onodera, Tetsuya Ohira, Masaharu Tsubokura, Ken Iseki
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 08 July 2022, pp. 1-5
This study examined the characteristics of severe patients after the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011.
Cases in the Futaba area were extracted using the dispatch database of the doctor helicopter and flight-nurse records from March 11, 2008, till March 10, 2014. The period before March 11, 2011, was defined as 'pre-earthquake' and the period after March 11, 2011, as 'post-earthquake' to compare the recorded data.
Of the 128 total recorded cases, 78 were dispatched during the pre-earthquake period and 50 during the post-earthquake period. The number of patients with physical trauma following the earthquake included 4 patients (33.3%) in 2011, 7 patients (43.7%) in 2012, and 13 patients (59.1%) in 2013. However, the increase in number of requests was not statistically significant (P = 0.33). All 4 incidents of physical trauma in 2011, and 3 out of 7 incidents in 2012, occurred at the power plants. A total of 4 incidents occurred at decontamination worksites in 2013.
It is of primary importance for hospitals to anticipate physical trauma cases during the reconstruction phase following a disaster, and develop a system for patients with physical trauma in the short- and long-term.
Emergency Hospital Evacuation From a Hospital Within 5 km Radius of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant: A Retrospective Analysis of Disaster Preparedness for Hospitalized Patients
Toyoaki Sawano, Yuki Senoo, Izumi Yoshida, Akihiko Ozaki, Yoshitaka Nishikawa, Arinobu Hori, Tomoyoshi Oikawa, Koichi Tanigawa, Shuichi Shigetomi, Masaharu Tsubokura
Journal: Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness / Volume 16 / Issue 5 / October 2022
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 14 October 2021, pp. 2190-2193
Emergency evacuation during disasters may have significant health impacts on vulnerable populations. The Japanese Government issued evacuation orders for surrounding residents of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (FDNPP) immediately after the March 11, 2011, nuclear accident. Little is known of difficulties associated with the disaster-specific evacuation from health care facilities located in this area. Among the 338 patients hospitalized at Futaba Hospital, located 4.6 km west of FDNPP, at the time of the accident, 39 patients (11.5%), predominantly critically ill patients who were bedridden or disabled, died before the evacuation was completed. The shortage of hospital staff and disruption of infrastructure resulted in a lack of adequate care provision, such as infusion therapy or sputum suctioning, leading to premature death of some hospitalized patients during the emergency hospital evacuation. As hospital evacuation is sometimes unavoidable during disasters, potential health impacts of hospital evacuation should be recognized and reflected in disaster preparedness plans.
Characteristics of Flood Fatalities in Japan's Typhoon Hagibis in 2019: Secondary Analysis of Public Data and Media Reports
Izumi Yoshida, Akihiko Ozaki, Tomohiro Morita, Masaharu Tsubokura, Masahiro Kami
Journal: Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness / Volume 16 / Issue 4 / August 2022
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 July 2021, pp. 1512-1516
Typhoon Hagibis struck Japan on October 12, 2019. This study documents and characterizes deaths caused by Hagibis and helps identify strategies to reduce mortality in future disasters.
Japanese residents, who were killed by Typhoon Hagibis, as reported by Japan's Fire and Disaster Management Agency, were considered for the study. Details were collected from mainstream Japanese media, and flooding data from hazard maps published by local municipalities.
Out of the 99 total fatalities, 65 (73.0%) were aged 65 years or above. Among those who drowned indoors (20), 18 (90.0%) lived in high-risk areas of flooding, and their bodies were found on the first floor of their residences. A total of 10 (55.6%) out of the 18 fatalities lived in homes with 2 or more floors, indicating that they could have moved upstairs to avoid the floodwater. However, 6 (33.3%) could not do so due to existing health issues.
Relatively elderly people, particularly those in areas at high risk of flooding, were most affected. Seeking higher ground is a standard safety measure in times of flooding, but this may not be possible for everyone depending on their health status, structure of their residence, and the depth of floodwaters.
Long-term Care Utilization Discrepancy Among the Elderly in Former Evacuation Areas, Fukushima
Yurie Kobashi, Tomohiro Morita, Akihiko Ozaki, Toyoaki Sawano, Nobuaki Moriyama, Naomi Ito, Masaharu Tsubokura
Journal: Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness / Volume 16 / Issue 3 / June 2022
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 March 2021, pp. 892-894
It is crucial to determine the health status of returnees to former evacuation areas. We aimed to examine the long-term care (LTC) utilization rate among elderly returnees as the indicator of care needs.
This study used a resident registration database to collect information on LTC utilization rate among elderly returnees to former evacuation areas in Fukushima, Japan, following the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. LTC utilization rates were descriptively analyzed.
For all age groups, the LTC utilization rates were lower among returnees than evacuees. The LTC utilization rate among returnees in each age group (chi-square test results compared to evacuees) were as follows: 0.78% (P = 0.194) for those aged 65–69, 0.69% (P = 0.003) for those aged 70–74, 3.23% (P = 0.007) for those aged 75–79, 6.79% (P < 0.001) for those aged 80–84, 22.84% (P = 0.011) for those aged 85–89, and 44.09% (P = 0.089) for those aged 90 and over.
Elderly returnees had fewer LTC needs than elderly evacuees. Nevertheless, the proportion of aging people is high in evacuation area, meaning the number of elderly returnees would increase at an enormous rate. Therefore, LTC utilization rate would increase in the future.
Development of Behavior Abnormalities in a Patient Prevented From Returning Home After Evacuation Following the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster: Case Report
Arinobu Hori, Akihiko Ozaki, Michio Murakami, Masaharu Tsubokura
Journal: Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness / Volume 15 / Issue 6 / December 2021
After Japan's major nuclear accident in 2011, approximately 150,000 Fukushima residents were ordered to evacuate. Beginning in 2015, the evacuation orders have been systematically lifted. However, the health impacts of allowing residents to return to homes in areas previously uninhabitable due to nuclear radiation remain poorly understood.
Declaring radiation levels to be safe does not necessarily eliminate the concerns of residents about the effects of radiation exposure. Rebuilding medical, welfare, and commercial infrastructure and services takes time. Nontangible community elements, such as mutually dependent social networks, also require time to be re-established. Nevertheless, the Japanese government prioritizes policies that encourage evacuees to return home as soon as it is safe to do so.
Post-disaster evacuation situations and subsequent return home pose substantial—and as yet relatively unknown—mental and physical health threats for those affected, especially those in vulnerable groups, such as the sick, the elderly, and children.
Here we report a case of an elderly female evacuee with dementia, who was prevented from returning home after her hometown evacuation order was lifted, began exhibiting marked behavioral abnormalities. Loss of emotional ties that were created while she was housed in temporary accommodation appeared to be a critical contributing factor.
Nail Wound and Cellulitis Following Typhoon Hagibis in Fukushima, Japan
Akihiko Ozaki, Yoshiaki Kanemoto, Tomohiro Morita, Yoshitaka Nishikawa, Toyoaki Sawano, Sho Fujioka, Yuki Shimada, Asaka Higuchi, Masaharu Tsubokura, Norio Kanzaki
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 03 June 2020, pp. 540-542
Securing Access to Hemodialysis Care After Typhoon Hagibis in Fukushima
Yoshitaka Nishikawa, Sho Fujioka, Yosuke Tachiya, Tomohiro Morita, Masaharu Tsubokura, Akihiko Ozaki, Toyoaki Sawano, Masami Ogawa, Ryuzaburo Shineha
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 11 May 2020, pp. 1-3
Minimizing Isolation of the Elderly Following the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant Disaster
Izumi Yoshida, Tomohiro Morita, Takeaki Ishii, Claire Leppold, Masaharu Tsubokura
Journal: Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness / Volume 15 / Issue 2 / April 2021
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 09 April 2020, pp. 140-142
Need for Emergency Medical Functioning of Hospitals in Post-Nuclear Evacuation Areas
Yuki Shimada, Akihiko Ozaki, Masaharu Tsubokura, Kana Yamamoto, Claire Leppold, Arinobu Hori, Asaka Higuchi, Yuki Sonoda, Tomohiro Morita, Toyoaki Sawano, Tomoyoshi Oikawa
Successful Renovation of a Closed School Into a Long-Term Care Facility in the Affected Area After the 2011 Fukushima Disaster
Yoshitaka Nishikawa, Akihiko Ozaki, Masaharu Tsubokura
Multiple Norovirus Outbreaks Due to Shredded, Dried, Laver Seaweed in Japan
Eiji Kusumi, Tetsuya Tanimoto, Kazutaka Hosoda, Masaharu Tsubokura, Tamae Hamaki, Kenzo Takahashi, Masahiro Kami
Impact of the 2011 Triple Disaster in Fukushima, Japan - An Earthquake, Tsunamis, and a Nuclear Power Plant Accident - Physical Performance of the Children: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Soma City, Fukushima
Sae Ochi, Shuhei Nomura, Shigeaki Kato, Masaharu Tsubokura, Ryuzaburo Shineha
Journal: Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 32 / Issue S1 / April 2017
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 20 April 2017, p. S200
Decontamination Work and the Long-term Increase in Hospital Visits for Hymenoptera Stings Following the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster
Akihiko Ozaki, Takeru Yokota, Shuhei Nomura, Masaharu Tsubokura, Claire Leppold, Tetsuya Tanimoto, Toru Miura, Kana Yamamoto, Toyoaki Sawano, Manabu Tsukada, Masahiro Kami, Yukio Kanazawa, Hiromichi Ohira
Animals, including arthropods, are one health threat that can be affected by disasters. This institution-based study aimed to assess trends in Hymenoptera stings following the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster.
We reviewed the medical records of patients with hymenopteran stings who visited Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, located 23 km from Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, from March 2005 to March 2016. Patient and sting characteristics of post-disaster patients were examined, and the annual incidence of hospital visits for hymenopteran stings was compared with the pre-disaster baseline, calculating an incidence rate ratio (IRR) for each year.
We identified 152 pre-disaster patients (2005-2011) and 222 post-disaster patients (2011-2016). In the post-disaster period, 160 males (72.1%) were identified, with a median age of 59 years (range: 2-89 years). A total of 45 patients (20.3%) were decontamination workers. Post-disaster increases were found in the IRR for hymenopteran stings, peaking first in 2011 (IRR: 2.8; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.9-4.2) and later in 2014 (IRR: 3.2; 95% CI: 2.4-4.3) and 2015 (IRR 3.3; 95% CI: 2.5-4.4).
Long-term increases were found in the IRR of hospital visits for hymenopteran stings in an institution affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster. Decontamination workers appear to have been particularly affected by this phenomenon. Better disaster field worker monitoring and education about potential environmental health hazards may help to identify and prevent worker exposure to insect stings and other vectors in these settings. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:545–551)
Voluntary Medical Support Is Key After Nuclear Disasters
Tomohiro Morita, Masaharu Tsubokura, Tsuyoshi Nemoto, Tomoyoshi Oikawa, Yukio Kanazawa
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 01 February 2016, pp. 186-187
Living in Contaminated Radioactive Areas Is Not an Acute Risk Factor for Noncommunicable Disease Development: A Retrospective Observational Study
Takeaki Ishii, Masaharu Tsubokura, Sae Ochi, Shigeaki Kato, Amina Sugimoto, Shuhei Nomura, Yoshitaka Nishikawa, Masahiro Kami, Kenji Shibuya, Yasutoshi Saito, Yukihide Iwamoto, Hidekiyo Tachiya
Journal: Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness / Volume 10 / Issue 1 / February 2016
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 09 September 2015, pp. 34-37
Although much attention is now being paid to the health risks associated with nuclear disasters, reliable information is lacking. We retrospectively evaluated the health effects of living in highly contaminated radioactive areas in Japan.
The health evaluation was conducted in Tamano district, Fukushima prefecture, in 2011 and 2012. The surface deposition density of cesium in Tamano was 600 to 1000 kBq/m2 shortly after the Fukushima nuclear accident. Clinical parameters included body mass index, blood pressure, and laboratory examinations for blood cell counts, glucose levels, and lipid profiles. A screening program for internal and external exposure was also implemented.
One hundred fifty-five residents participated in the health evaluation. Significant decreases in average body mass index and blood pressure were observed from 2011 to 2012. Annual internal exposure levels did not exceeded 1 mSv in any participants. The levels of external exposure ranged from 1.3 to 4.3 mSv/y measured in the first test period but decreased to 0.8 to 3.6 mSv/y in the second test period.
These findings suggest that inhabiting nuclear contaminated areas is not always associated with short-term health deterioration and that radiation exposure can be controlled within safety limitations. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:34–37)
Detecting Residual Fluorine 18 From a Medical PET-CT Procedure During Population Whole Body Counter Screening in Fukushima
Yoshitaka Nishikawa, Masaharu Tsubokura, Shigeaki Kato, Takeaki Ishii, Yasutoshi Saito
Journal: Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness / Volume 8 / Issue 6 / December 2014
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 31 December 2014, pp. 469-470
Impact of Natural Disaster Combined with Nuclear Power Plant Accidents on Local Medical Services: a Case Study of Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital after the Great East Japan Earthquake
Yuko Kodama, Tomoyoshi Oikawa, Kaoru Hayashi, Michiko Takano, Mayumi Nagano, Katsuko Onoda, Toshiharu Yoshida, Akemi Takada, Tatsuo Hanai, Shunji Shimada, Satoko Shimada, Yasuyuki Nishiuchi, Syuichi Onoda, Kazuo Monma, Masaharu Tsubokura, Tomoko Matsumura, Masahiro Kami, Yukio Kanazawa
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 27 November 2014, pp. 471-476
To elucidate the impacts of nuclear plant accidents on neighboring medical centers, we investigated the operations of our hospital within the first 10 days of the Great East Japan Earthquake followed by the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident.
Data were extracted from medical records and hospital administrative records covering 11 to 20 March 2011. Factual information on the disaster was obtained from public access media.
A total of 622 outpatients and 241 inpatients were treated. Outpatients included 43 injured, 6 with cardiopulmonary arrest, and 573 with chronic diseases. Among the 241 inpatients, 5 died, 137 were discharged, and the other 99 were transferred to other hospitals. No communication methods or medical or food supplies were available for 4 days after the earthquake. Hospital directors allowed employees to leave the hospital on day 4. All 39 temporary workers were evacuated immediately, and 71 of 239 full-time employees remained. These employees handled extra tasks besides patient care and patient transfer to other hospitals. Committed effective doses indicating the magnitude of health risks due to an intake of radioactive cesium into the human body were found to be minimal according to internal radiation exposure screening carried out from July to August 2011.
After the disaster, hospitals located within the evacuation zone of a 30-km radius of the nuclear power plant were isolated. Maintenance of the health care system in such an event becomes difficult. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;8:471-476)


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number of albums released
member of ASCAP
jaimoisongbird
jaiMoi_Songbird
·jai moi·
Growing up in Youngsville NC, jai Moi always had a love of music. Young jai would sing on her steps to a grand audience of crop fields and her dolls. She was a natural entertainer every since her earliest memories. Even then she innately knew that her destiny was larger than Youngsville. Time would prove young jai right.
jai wrote her first song in the seventh grade as well as raps inspired by female MC legends MC Lyte and Queen Latifah. Teenage jai wrote Hip-hop lyrics but her heart-strings always plucked to the tune of writing romantic song lyrics. Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds unknowingly became her role-model in the music world.
During her freshman year in high-school, jai began a love affair with American literature. Edgar Allen Poe and Emily Dickinson spoke to her in similar yet decidedly different ways. jai began to write poetry and short stories herself. A closet poet, she tends to only share her poetry through song.
For me, poetry is too personal. Speaking the words alone is to intimate for me. But when I sing them, I am able to express how I feel without having to say them. It's like telling someone for the first time "I love you." You're nervous, sweaty palms and the whole nine… But singing them…yea…that's how I am comfortable sharing those feelings. …whether it's lovey-dovey feelings or the dark, painful ones.
As a multi-threat artist that embraces her uniqueness, jai is learning the bass, directs, writes, and shoots short films. She has several film projects in various stages of developnent at this time. Her CD, "Vocally Yours" is a favorite amongst listeners internationally. jai is currently working on a new single 'Alright' that will be released during the summer. According to her it's some of her best work and is very progressive.
With a skill set that encompasses the arts of music, photography, film, and modeling, jai continues to perfect her craft. The spirit of young jai lives on in jai Moi as she reaches for a bigger stage literally and figuratively.
Journey through the pages of jaiMoi.com for updates on past and upcoming projects.
History in brief
After being half of the duo, N'Cognita, jai Moi decided to become a solo artist. She needed to take time to discover her own individual sound & style. During this time, Simplyjai Entertainment was formed to be the umbrella of all jai's artistic endeavors.
jai began planning her first solo project "Vocally Yours". "Fly" & "Water" are born.
"Fly" was released in February and the video was shot in March. jai's passion for writing & directing film grew after shooting her first video. She began writing concepts & scripts for short film projects. On October 5th, Vocally Yours (EP) was released and debuted at Women Who Jam! jai performed at several venues and appeared on various talk shows.
The video for "Beautiful" was shot and it was released in April. After a few bumps, jai discovered what it really means to be an indie artist. She had to learn quickly how to edit film by doing much of "Beautiful" video editing herself. In December, jai signed with Global One, Ltd and became a part of their talent.
Coming soon – new single "Alright".
Fly (single)
Alright (single)
Released by:
simplyjai entertainment
Fayetteville Observer
Z Spotlight
2/28/2012 Port City Java Raleigh, NC
10/1/2011 Time Warner Music Pavillion Raleigh, NC
06/25/2011 Electric Lady Studios New York, NY
06/03/2011 Blu Bar at 110 Raleigh, NC
CD out 2010
CD coming soon 2012
Promo poster 2012
Promo posters


This Nantucket Recreation Advertorial space on Nantucket Boating, ClickCapeCod.Com, is available. Call 508-945-6443 to promote your Nantucket Boating business or click here.
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LT 4x4
The next-generation Chevy Tahoe lineup was rolled out for the 2007 model year and it's among the best of the full-size SUVs. For 2008, a new gas-saving Hybrid model has been added.
The Chevy Tahoe has been the best-selling vehicle in its category since 2001, accounting for more than 25 percent of all full-size SUV registrations in the United States, and it's easy to understand why. It hauls loads of passengers and gear, it can pull heavy trailers, and it holds up well to abuse and rugged terrain.
Tahoe can accommodate five to nine passengers, and the first two rows offer spacious, even luxurious, seating. Fold the second and third rows of seats and the Tahoe offers nearly 109 cubic feet of cargo space. A properly equipped Tahoe is rated to tow up to 8,200 pounds; based on the same platform as the Suburban and Silverado, the Tahoe makes a stable rig for pulling trailers.
With its rigid chassis, the Tahoe feels taut, the steering is precise and responsive, and the brakes are responsive and smooth. The ride quality is generally smooth, even with the available 20-inch wheels. At highway speeds, the Tahoe is quiet and comfortable.
The 5.3-liter V8 engine features GM's Active Fuel Management technology to save gas, but you can't even feel it switching between four and eight cylinders whether on the highway or around town. The 5.3-liter V8 provides all the power most customers will need, and there's a less-expensive 4.8-liter V8 available.
The new Hybrid model works seamlessly. It offers more power and drastically improved fuel economy compared to other models, but tows about a ton less. The Hybrid model provides an answer for those who want the size and capability of a full-size SUV without the poor fuel economy.
Autotrac four-wheel drive is available, a full-time system that can be left engaged on dry pavement and includes low-range gearing. It comes in handy for rugged terrain and serious snow and ice, but it's also handy for yanking a boat up a slippery boat ramp or pulling a trailer out of a silty, sandy parking area, those momentary needs that can be so crucial.
Be they families with children, empty-nest couples with active lifestyles or individuals who simply have cargo to carry securely or trailers to tow, some people really do need the all-weather practicality of a full-size sport utility vehicle. For those who need to tow, the Tahoe is a fine choice. Those who don't tow might be better served by one of the big, new crossover SUVs, such as the GMC Acadia.
Choose a Trim 4x2 (LS) 4x2 (LTZ) 4x2 (LT) 4x4 (LS) 4x4 (LT) 4x4 (LTZ)
Transmission 4-spd auto w/OD
Drivetrain four-wheel
4.5 out of 5 (5 Owner Reviews) Review the 2008 Tahoe
More Tahoe Information
Tahoe News
2008 Chevrolet Tahoe trims (6)
Trim Family LS LT LTZ
(LS) 4x2
(LTZ) 4x2
(LT) 4x2


Whether conducting business, keeping up with a fitness routine or looking to spend quality time with your family, our Hilton hotel is here to make the most of your stay by offering the services you need, the amenities you expect, and the extras you deserve. For the convenience of our guests, an Enterprise Rental Car service desk is available on-site and is located on the Concourse Level, Monday to Friday 7:30am - 5:30pm.
For your convenience, you may book your Enterprise car rental onsite at the Hilton San Jose.
The desk is located on the Concourse Level, Monday to Friday 7:30am – 5:30pm.


We seek genuine and hospitable people with the passion to serve. We look for observant and responsive people who are willing to learn and excel while contributing to the creation of an enjoyable and professional working environment.
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The Transformation of the Middle East, 1566-1914 (HIST 335)
Sultans 1566-1914 (& other important figures)
The Transformation of the Middle East, 1566-1914 (HIST 335): Sultans 1566-1914 (& other important figures)
A LibGuide for Professor Cuno's HIST 335 course on the Ottoman Empire and Middle East.
Course Readings
Developing A Research Paper
Basic References for Research & Reading (Prof. Cuno)
Subjects on the Ottoman Empire
Maps of the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Countries
Movies / Documentaries
Tughras
A tughra is a calligraphic monogram, seal or signature of an Ottoman sultan that was affixed to all official documents and correspondence. It was also carved on his seal and stamped on the coins minted during his reign.
Suleiman the Magnificent
Mahmud II
Translated from Arabic: Mahmud Khan son of Abdulhamid is forever victorious.
Important Figures during the Ottoman Empire
Mehmet (Mohammad) Ali of Egypt
Muhammad Ali Pasha al-Mas'ud ibn Agha (4 March 1769 – 2 August 1849) was an Ottoman Albanian commander in the Ottoman army, who became Wāli, and self-declared Khedive of Egypt and Sudan with the Ottoman's temporary approval. Though not a modern nationalist, he is regarded as the founder of modern Egypt because of the dramatic reforms in the military, economic and cultural spheres that he instituted. He also ruled Levantine territories outside Egypt. The dynasty that he established would rule Egypt and Sudan until the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 led by Muhammad Naguib. (Wikipedia)
The sultans of the Ottoman Empire (Turkish: Osmanlı padişahları), made up solely of the members of the Ottoman dynasty (House of Osman), ruled over the transcontinental empire from its inception in 1299 to its dissolution in 1922. At its height, the Ottoman Empire spanned from Hungary in the north to Somalia in the south and from Algeria in the west to Iran in the east. Administered at first from the city of Bursa in Anatolia, the empire's capital was moved to Edirne in 1366 and then to Constantinople (currently known as Istanbul) in 1453 following its conquest by Mehmed II from the Byzantine Empire.
The Ottoman Empire was an absolute monarchy during much of its existence. The sultan was at the apex of the hierarchical Ottoman system and acted in political, military, judicial, social, and religious capacities under a variety of titles.[a] He was theoretically responsible only to God and God's law (the Islamic شریعت şeriat, known in Arabic as شريعة sharia), of which he was the chief executor. His heavenly mandate was reflected in Islamic titles such as "shadow of God on Earth" (Arabic: ظل الله في العالم zill Allah fi'l-alem) and "caliph on the earth" (Persian: خلیفه روی زمین khalife-i ru-yi zemin).[4] All offices were filled by his authority, and every law was issued by him in the form of a decree called firman (فرمان). He was the supreme military commander and had the official title to all land.
List of Important Sultans
Suleiman I, 1520-1566
Suleiman I, known as "the Magnificent" in the West and "Kanuni" (the Lawgiver) in the East, (6 November 1494 – 7 September 1566) was the tenth and longest-reigning Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, from 1520 to his death in 1566 (Wikipedia).
The government during his reign
Suleymaniye Mosque
Selim II, 1566-1574
Selim II, also known as "Selim the Sot (Mest)" in west and as "Sarı Selim" (Selim the Blond) in east, was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1566 until his death in 1574 (Wikipedia).
False History? (blog)
Selim III, 1789-1807
Selim III was the reform-minded Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1789 to 1807. The Janissaries eventually deposed and imprisoned him, and placed his cousin Mustafa on the throne as Mustafa IV. Selim was killed by a group of assassins subsequently after a Janissary revolt.
A great lover of music, Sultan Selim III was a composer and performer of significant talent. He created fourteen makam-s (melodic types), three of which are in current use today. Sixty-four compositions by Selim III are known today, some of which are part of the regular repertory of Turkish classical music performerance. Aside from composing music, Selim III also performed on the ney (reed flute) and tanbur (long-necked, fretted lute). (Wikipedia)
Mahmud II, 1808-1839
Mahmud II (20 July 1789 – 1 July 1839) was the 30th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1808 until his death in 1839. He was born in the Topkapi Palace, Constantinople,[1] the posthumous son of Sultan Abdulhamid I. His reign is notable mostly for the extensive administrative, military and fiscal reforms he instituted, which culminated into the Decree of Tanzimat (Reorganization) that was carried out by his sons Abdülmecid I and Abdülaziz I. (Wikipedia)
Tanzimat of the Ottoman Empire
Mehmed V, 1909-1918
Mehmed V Reshad (2/3 November 1844 – 3/4 July 1918) was the 35th Ottoman Sultan. He was the son of Sultan Abdülmecid I. He was succeeded by his half-brother Mehmed VI. (Wikipedia)
Three Pashas
International and Area Studies Library
Room 321 Main Library
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Subjects:African Studies, Chinese Studies, European Union, Global Studies, Japanese Studies, Korean Studies, Latin America, Middle East, Religious Studies, Slavic & East European, South Asian Studies
<< Previous: Movies / Documentaries
URL: https://guides.library.illinois.edu/hist335
Subjects: History, Middle East


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text:
import random as rd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.axes_grid1 import make_axes_locatable
plt.style.use("ggplot")
from math import *
import numpy as np
import pickle as pkl
import skimage as ski
from skimage.color import rgb2gray
from scipy import misc
from PIL import Image
import PIL.ImageOps
from skimage.exposure import adjust_gamma
from randomwalkmaker import *

class Cell:
    def __init__(self, pop_list, veg_type, veg_value, hum_value, iswater, pixelXmeters, poplim_perkm2, gmotype): #pop_list is array, veg_type is string, veg_value is the vegetation index value, hum_value is the humidity value
        self.larvae_lim_per_box = poplim_perkm2*hum_value*(pixelXmeters**2)/1000000
        self.pop_list  = pop_list
        self.veg_type  = veg_type
        self.veg_value = veg_value
        self.hum_value = hum_value
        self.iswater = iswater
        self.gmotype = gmotype

        self.e = pop_list[0]  # e  = eggs    - aquatic steps
        self.l = pop_list[1]  # l  = larvae  - aquatic steps
        self.p = pop_list[2]  # p  = pupae   - aquatic steps

        self.ah = pop_list[3] # ah = host-seeking        adult - adult steps
        self.ar = pop_list[4] # ar = resting             adult - adult steps
        self.ao = pop_list[5] # ao = ovoposition-seeking adult - adult steps

        self.amale = sum(pop_list[3:])

        self.emut = 0 #emut = mutant eggs
        self.lmut = 0 #lmut = mutant larvae
        self.pmut = 0 #pmut = mutant pupae
        self.amut = 0 #amut = mutant adults

        self.n_total   = pop_list.sum()
        self.n_aquatic = sum(pop_list[0:3])
        self.n_adult   = sum(pop_list[3:])

        #U for dying P for passing
        self.B = 100     #number of eggs per ovoposition
        self.PE = .50    #prob of becoming a larvae
        self.UE = .56    #prob of dying as a egg
        self.novopo = 1.3 #novopositions per day #max =1.48, maxefficient=1.4
        self.UL1 = .44   #prob of dying larvae
        self.UL2 = .1  #prob of dying due to crowding
        self.PL = 0.14   #prob of
        self.PP = .50
        self.UP = .37
        self.PAH = .46
        self.UAH = .18
        self.PAR = .43
        self.UAR = .0043
        self.UAO = .41
        self.PAO = .5
        self.UAM = .15

    def update(self):

        a = 0; b =1
        if self.l < self.larvae_lim_per_box: a = (1 - (self.l+ self.lmut)/self.larvae_lim_per_box)
        allmale = self.amale + self.amut
        if (self.amale + self.amut) != 0:
            factor = (self.amale/allmale)
            mutfactor = (1 - factor)
        else: factor = 0; mutfactor = 0

        deltae = self.PAO*self.B*self.novopo*self.ao*factor - self.e*self.UE - self.e*self.PE   #egg value update
        deltal = self.PE*self.e      - self.l*self.UL1  - self.l*self.PL*a                                    # larvae value update
        deltap = self.PL*self.l*a    - self.p*self.UP   - self.p*self.PP                                      #pupae update value
        deltaah = self.PP*self.p/2   - self.ah*self.UAH - self.ah*self.PAH + self.PAO*self.ao           #host-seeking update value
        deltaar = self.PAH*self.ah   - self.ar*self.UAR - self.ar*self.PAR                                  #resting update value
        deltaao = self.ar*self.PAR   - self.PAO*self.ao - self.UAO*self.ao                                  #ovoposition seeking update value
        deltaamale =  self.PP*self.p/2 - self.amale*self.UAM

        deltaemut = self.PAO*self.B*self.novopo*self.ao*mutfactor - self.emut*self.UE - self.emut*self.PE #mutant egg value update
        deltalmut = self.PE*self.emut    - self.lmut*self.UL1  - self.lmut*self.PL*a*self.gmotype                                #mutant larvae value update
        deltapmut = self.PL*self.lmut*a*self.gmotype  - self.pmut*self.UP   - self.pmut*self.PP                                  #mutant pupae update value
        deltaamut = self.PP*self.pmut       - self.amut*self.UAM                                                       #mutant adult value update

        self.pop_list = self.pop_list.tolist() #change from array to list as array is imutable in function
        self.e     += deltae                      # egg   value update
        self.l     += deltal                      #larvae value update
        self.p     += deltap
        self.ah    += deltaah
        self.ar    += deltaar
        self.ao    += deltaao
        self.amale += deltaamale
        self.emut  += deltaemut
        self.lmut  += deltalmut
        self.pmut  += deltapmut
        self.amut  += deltaamut

        if self.e < 0  : self.e  = 0
        if self.l < 0  : self.l  = 0
        if self.p < 0  : self.p  = 0
        if self.ah < 0 : self.ah = 0
        if self.ar < 0 : self.ar = 0
        if self.ao < 0 : self.ao = 0
        if self.amale < 0 : self.amale = 0
        if self.emut < 0 : self.emut = 0
        if self.lmut < 0 : self.lmut = 0
        if self.pmut < 0 : self.pmut = 0
        if self.amut < 0 : self.amut = 0

        self.pop_list = np.array([self.e,self.l,self.p,self.ah,self.ar, self.ao])
        self.n_total   = self.pop_list.sum()
        self.n_aquatic = sum(self.pop_list[0:3])
        self.n_adult   = sum(self.pop_list[3:])

class Grid:
    def __init__(self, contour, vegimage, twiimage, cityimage, pixelXmeters, larvaelim, gmotype, eqsteps):
        self.internalclock = 0
        self.shape = contour.shape
        self.contour = contour
        self.vegimage = abs(vegimage-1)
        self.twiimage = abs(twiimage-1)
        self.cityimage = cityimage
        self.pixelSize = pixelXmeters
        self.history = []

        #build the migration dictionaries
        self.maxstep = MaxStep(pixelXmeters)
        print("migration dt = "+ str(self.maxstep/60))
        self.dict_matrix_to_num, self.dict_num_to_weights = weightDictmaker(self.maxstep, 10000,pixelXmeters)

        #calculate stable popvalues
        stable = Cell(np.array([100,100,100,100,100,100]),1,self.vegimage.mean(),self.twiimage.mean(),1, pixelXmeters, larvaelim, gmotype)
        for i in range(300): stable.update()
        print("initializing population with: ")
        print(stable.pop_list)

        #initializing grid of Cells
        self.GRID = [[Cell(np.array(stable.pop_list)*abs(1-contour[j][i]), cityimage[j][i], vegimage[j][i], twiimage[j][i], contour[j][i], pixelXmeters, larvaelim, gmotype) for i in range(self.shape[1])] for j in range(self.shape[0])]        #create grid of types of contour
        print()

        def neighbors_to_tuple(y,x):
            return(int(contour[y-1,x-1]), int(contour[y,x-1]), int(contour[y+1,x-1]), int(contour[y-1,x]), int(contour[y+1,x]), int(contour[y-1,x+1]), int(contour[y,x+1]), int(contour[y+1,x+1]))
        self.bordertype = [[self.dict_matrix_to_num[neighbors_to_tuple(j,i)] for i in range(1,self.shape[1]-1)] for j in range(1,self.shape[0]-1)]
        self.bordertype = np.pad(self.bordertype, pad_width=((1,1),(1,1)), mode='constant', constant_values=-1) #padding with zeros

        #equalize values
        for i in range(eqsteps):
            self.updateall()
        self.internalclock = 0
        self.history = []

        print("equilized population")
        print("equilized migration")

        self.maxafem = self.getSingleGrid("adult").max()
        self.maxmut  = self.getSingleGrid("amut").max()
        self.maxaqua = self.getSingleGrid("aqua").max() + self.getSingleGrid("aquamut").max()

    def getSingleGrid(self, ending):
        if ending == "e"    :  return np.array([[self.GRID[j][i].e  for i in range(self.shape[1])] for j in range(self.shape[0])])
        if ending == "l"    :  return np.array([[self.GRID[j][i].l  for i in range(self.shape[1])] for j in range(self.shape[0])])
        if ending == "p"    :  return np.array([[self.GRID[j][i].p  for i in range(self.shape[1])] for j in range(self.shape[0])])
        if ending == "ah"   :  return np.array([[self.GRID[j][i].ah for i in range(self.shape[1])] for j in range(self.shape[0])])
        if ending == "ar"   :  return np.array([[self.GRID[j][i].ar for i in range(self.shape[1])] for j in range(self.shape[0])])
        if ending == "ao"   :  return np.array([[self.GRID[j][i].ao for i in range(self.shape[1])] for j in range(self.shape[0])])
        if ending == "aqua" : return self.getSingleGrid("e")   + self.getSingleGrid("l") + self.getSingleGrid("p")
        if ending == "adult": return self.getSingleGrid("ah")  + self.getSingleGrid("ar")+ self.getSingleGrid("ao")
        if ending == "all"  : return self.getSingleGrid("aqua")+ self.getSingleGrid("adult")
        if ending == "amale": return np.array([[self.GRID[j][i].amale for i in range(self.shape[1])] for j in range(self.shape[0])])
        if ending == "amut" : return np.array([[self.GRID[j][i].amut for i in range(self.shape[1])] for j in range(self.shape[0])])
        if ending == "aquamut": return np.array([[self.GRID[j][i].emut+self.GRID[j][i].lmut+self.GRID[j][i].pmut  for i in range(self.shape[1])] for j in range(self.shape[0])])
        print("wrong command on getSingleGrid"); return np.array([[]])

    def grdsum(self, ending):
        grid_to_sum = self.getSingleGrid(ending)
        return grid_to_sum.sum()

    def update_pop(self):
        [[self.GRID[j][i].update() for i in range(self.shape[1])] for j in range(self.shape[0])]

    def update_migration(self):
        updatedah   = np.zeros(self.shape)
        updatedao   = np.zeros(self.shape)
        updatedamale = np.zeros(self.shape)
        updatedamut  = np.zeros(self.shape)
        for i in range(1, self.shape[0]-1):
            for j in range(1, self.shape[1]-1):
                if self.GRID[i][j].iswater == 0:
                    borderMatrix = np.array(self.dict_num_to_weights[self.bordertype[i][j]])

                    floatingah = self.GRID[i][j].ah * borderMatrix * self.vegimage[i-1:i+2,j-1:j+2]
                    if floatingah.sum() > 0.05:
                        updatedah[i-1:i+2,j-1:j+2]   += floatingah*(self.GRID[i][j].ah/floatingah.sum())
                    else: updatedah[i-1:i+2,j-1:j+2] += self.GRID[i][j].ah * borderMatrix

                    floatingao = self.GRID[i][j].ao * borderMatrix * self.twiimage[i-1:i+2,j-1:j+2]
                    if floatingao.sum() > 0.05:
                        updatedao[i-1:i+2,j-1:j+2]  += floatingao*(self.GRID[i][j].ao/floatingao.sum())
                    else:updatedah[i-1:i+2,j-1:j+2] += self.GRID[i][j].ao * borderMatrix

                    updatedamale[i-1:i+2,j-1:j+2]  += self.GRID[i][j].amale * borderMatrix
                    updatedamut[i-1:i+2,j-1:j+2]   += self.GRID[i][j].amut  * borderMatrix

        for i in range(1, self.shape[0]-1):
            for j in range(1, self.shape[1]-1):
                self.GRID[i][j].ah = updatedah[i][j]
                self.GRID[i][j].ao = updatedao[i][j]
                self.GRID[i][j].amale = updatedamale[i][j]
                self.GRID[i][j].amut = updatedamut[i][j]

    def updateall(self):
        for i in range(int(24*60/self.maxstep)):
            self.update_migration()
        self.update_pop()
        self.internalclock += 1
        self.history += [(self.grdsum("adult"),self.grdsum("amut") )]

    def images(self):
        f, (aquatics, ao, adults) = plt.subplots(ncols=3, figsize=(10,5)) # sharex=True, sharey=True
        caq = aquatics.imshow(self.getSingleGrid('aqua') + self.getSingleGrid('aquamut'), cmap=plt.get_cmap("gist_earth"), vmin = 0, vmax = .8*self.maxaqua)
        aquatics.set_title('Aquatics stages')
        divider1 = make_axes_locatable(aquatics)
        cax1 = divider1.append_axes("bottom", size="5%", pad=0.05)
        f.colorbar(caq,cax1,orientation="horizontal") #  a = int(self.grdsum("aqua") ,ticks = range(0, a, int(a/10)

        cao=ao.imshow(self.getSingleGrid('amut'), cmap=plt.get_cmap("gist_earth"),  vmin = 0, vmax = self.maxafem/.9)
        ao.set_title('Mutant males')
        divider3 = make_axes_locatable(ao)
        cax3 = divider3.append_axes("bottom", size="5%", pad=0.05)
        f.colorbar(cao,cax3, orientation="horizontal")

        caa=adults.imshow(self.getSingleGrid('adult'), cmap=plt.get_cmap("gist_earth"),  vmin = 0, vmax = self.maxafem)
        adults.set_title('Adult females')
        divider4 = make_axes_locatable(adults)
        cax4 = divider4.append_axes("bottom", size="5%", pad=0.05)
        f.colorbar(caa,cax4, orientation="horizontal")

        f.subplots_adjust(hspace=0)
        f.suptitle(str(self.internalclock)+" days after release", size = 17)
        plt.setp([a.get_xticklabels() for a in f.axes[:-3]], visible=False)
        plt.setp([a.get_yticklabels() for a in f.axes[:]], visible=False)
        f.tight_layout()
        f.subplots_adjust(top = 0.999)
        plt.savefig("timelapse/timelapse-"+ '{0:03d}'.format(self.internalclock)+".png")
        plt.close()

    def graph(self):
        femalehist, muthist = zip(*self.history)
        f, (graph1) = plt.subplots(ncols=1)
        graph1.plot(range(self.internalclock), femalehist , label = "females")
        graph1.plot(range(self.internalclock), muthist    , label = "mutants")
        plt.xlabel('days after mutant release')
        plt.ylabel('population size per square Km')
        graph1.set_title('variation in population size ')
        plt.legend(loc='best', prop={'size':10})
        plt.savefig("timelapse/popsize_variation.png")
        plt.close()
        f, (graph2) = plt.subplots(ncols=1)
        graph2.plot(range(self.internalclock), [femalehist[i]/(2*femalehist[i] + muthist[i]) for i in range(self.internalclock)], label = "females frequency")
        graph2.plot( range(self.internalclock),[muthist[i]/(2*femalehist[i]    + muthist[i]) for i in range(self.internalclock)], label = "mutant frequency")
        plt.xlabel('days after mutant release')
        plt.ylabel('percentages')
        plt.ylim(0,1)
        graph2.set_title('mutant and female percentages after release')
        plt.legend(loc='best', prop={'size':10})
        plt.savefig("timelapse/frequency_variation.png")
        plt.close()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Robert studied Computer Engineering at Technische Universität Berlin and received his diploma degree in 2011. Beginning 2008, Robert has worked with the Usability- and the Mobile and Physical Interaction group of Deutsche Telekom Laboratories as a student assistant. In 2011 he continued his activities as research assistant and is now working towards his PhD.
His research interest is on large interactive public displays, focusing on immediate comprehension and usability.
Gilles Bailly, Robert Walter, Joerg Muller, Tongyan Ning and Eric Lecolinet (2011).
Comparing Free Hand Menu Techniques for Distant Displays using Linear, Marking and Finger-Count Menus.
Proceedings of INTERACT'11. Ning, T., Müller, J., Walter, R., Bailly, G., Wacharamanotham, C., Borchers, J., Alt, F. No Need to Stop: Menu Techniques for Passing by Public Displays. Presented at Workshop of Large Displays in Urban Life: from Exhibition Halls to Media Facades. ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI'11, Vancouver, BC, Canada, May, 2011.
Schleicher, R., Spors, S., Jahn, D. & Walter, R. (2010). Gaze as a measure of sound source localization. AES 38th International Conference on Sound Quality Evaluation, Piteå, Sweden, June 13-15, 2010.


A barbershop in California is giving his apology after a picture of a Colin Kaepernick doll being hung in his shop went viral on social media.
"They got Colin Kaepernick hanging from a noose," the man who shared the picture, who wished to be identified as Joseph, told Fox 40.
Bowtie Barbershop in downtown Placerville. Which we must mention, is a town that is a 'hanger' town… As you will see in the video, it is a main theme of the barbershop and the street.
Colin Kaepernick will be honored in October with Harvard's W.E.B. Du Bois medal, which is the school's highest honor in African and African American studies.
"I literally had no idea that I was offending people," the owner, known as "Bowtie Barber," said. "We have a hangman out here called George and so, you know, with the theme of hangtown I hung him. And it was wrong, it was absolutely wrong." The barber & owner of the shop said the doll has been hanging in his shop since 2016, when Kaepernick and a teammate first knelt during the national anthem.
"I am a die hard 49ers fan and when that action happened there was a lot portrayed on the 49ers and I took it personally," Barber said.
"Imagine how many kids already seen that doll," he said.
He believes an apology is all he can hope for.
What do you think of this situation? Don't forget the circumstance!


More than 280 Girl Guides took part breaking the Guinness World Record for the longest string of plastic bottle tops.
Bergvliet Girl Guides were among 280 girls who broke the Guinness World Record for the longest string of plastic bottle tops. The previous record was 117 040 and the new record is 121 600, measuring over 1.3km.
Bergvliet Guider and event co-ordinator Tanya Prinsloo says they have been collecting bottle tops for almost six months.
"Not only did we set a world record, but we recycled over 2.6 tons of plastic and all of the proceeds from this recycling will be donated to Operation Smile for one complete cleft lip, cleft palate operation," says Ms Prinsloo.
The event was held at Old Mutual Sports ground in Pinelands on Wednesday April 4.
Lauren Bright, country manager of Operation Smile, says the event was a good way to get the community engaged in their fund-raising. "The money that is raised from the recycled bottle tops enables us to give cleft palate surgery to children in marginalised areas," says Ms Bright. She says an operation costs R5 500 each and takes about 45 minutes to complete.
Girl Guides Cape West have also have also received a donation from fellow Girl Guides in Scotland. They attended the event while on holiday in South Africa, and with their generous donation they are now able to fund two operations.
"We're so proud of all of our girls, parents, grandparents, family and friends who all came together to help us achieve this incredible record. Thanks also to the members of the public who helped and a huge thank you to Old Mutual for the use of their premises and to Fair Cape who so generously provided a VIP tent on the day and also donated milkshakes and yoghurts to all the kids," says Ms Prinsloo.


A disruptor at heart, Julie has been at the forefront of identifying the products and solutions critical to the success of Cummins customers. Prior to leading the Electrification business, Julie was responsible for product planning and product management across the company's US$8 billion Engine Business, the largest of Cummins' four business segments. This included all new product programs, market-based innovation and new business incubation.
A native of the UK, Julie is a qualified accountant and holds bachelors and masters degrees in mathematics from Oxford University. She is a Court Appointed Special Advocate for Children. Julie and her husband, Paul, have two daughters, Megan and Ella, and reside in Columbus, Indiana.


Hi, my name is Barry, father of Shelley.
Shelley is a twin. She and her brother Mark were born on the 30th June 1974 at the Queen Victoria Hospital, South Africa.
Although it is 35 years ago, I vividly remember my wife Marion and myself driving down to the Hospital at 5.30am on a Sunday morning with me telling her "I'll be taking you home you know! It's only stomach ache you've got!" (because she had been eating fruit the night before). It is a good job I'm not in the medical profession because Mark and Shelley were born only a couple of hours after our arrival about 7.30am. They were 5 weeks premature – Shelley only 2lb 12oz and Mark slightly bigger 4lb oz and they were put straight in incubators. Being so early I was still trying to find a cup of coffee when they were born so hadn't a clue that it had happened! I remember the ward sister grabbing me and asking if I had seen the babies my answer being "what babies!?!" She also told me that before I go home the doctors wanted to speak to me. When I saw one of the doctors, he asked if I had seen them (obviously "No"!) he then told me the reason why he wanted to see me was because the little girl had been born with a large mark on her back which they were not sure what it was but they would have a better idea later in the day after some tests. On returning in the afternoon, they explained that at first they were worried that the mark on Shelley's back might be Spina Bifida but the good news was that it wasn't and that it was a large birthmark with other various marks (now I believe called Satellites and the condition is called CMN).
The doctor then told me they wanted to keep an eye on it. As Shelley got bigger they recommended removal as soon as possible.
Anyway first things first! Mark, the biggest was home in 3 weeks, but Shelley was kept in an incubator for 2 1/2 months until she got to the 5lbs mark – they said she had to be before she could come home and because she was quite a sickly baby they felt even sure about their decision.
Over the next few months I remember we took her back to the hospital numerous times before she had her first operation which was when she was only 9 months old! Poor child! – and I suppose to a much lesser extent poor parents! I cannot count or remember how many operations Shelley had over the following years but I do recall her last major operation in South Africa was when she was 15/16 years old. She has had more operations since being in the UK and has to see a dermatologist every six months for check ups. I believe they take photos of her every so often for confirmation of change and if any new-found moles appear.
Shelley was and is a very brave girl. Memories, and I suppose some nightmares come to mind of her many stays in hospital sometimes even over Christmas and summer holidays (her stays in hospital were sometimes days and sometimes months) but after many down times she and ourselves just got on with it.
I remember twice going to see her after an operation finding the bed she should have been in empty and being told she was in Intensive Care being a very sick girl and much later being told both times we nearly lost her! Shelley received her hospital medical records several years ago from the hospital she was treated at (Johannesburg General) and subsequently found out it was due to anaesthetic reaction problems and not because of her birthmarks that she took those sudden turns for the worse.
I also remember Shelley, as a toddler rubbing her back against anything hard with a corner (including brick walls!) even drawing blood just to get some relief from the itching. Many times we were being woken up during the night with her crying because she was in such discomfort in her cot not being able to scratch her back – I rubbed it for a while to ease it then myself trying to get back to sleep for work the next morning. We made it priority that every morning and every night we would lather her back in cream in order to relieve some of the painful itch. And, as parents, we insist and ask if she still does!
I think of the times when dressing the wounds – sometimes they were infected not only the places where they had taken the birthmark off but from where they shaved the skin (skin grafts) from to do the plastic surgery – these sometimes took weeks to heal. Shelley after surgery was always in terrific pain because of the wounds but she was a little hard nut who fought through it (despite always being a petite little thing).
She had quite a few different surgeons who did the operations and everyone commented what a brave girl she was. She had been in and out of the hospital that many times that later on taking her in it was like a "Welcome Home Shelley!" from regular doctors, nurses and even the cleaning staff. Everybody knew Shelley and some of the cleaners use to tell her "this is Shelley's hospital" which always put a smile on her face – she bonded with so many staff!
We have often discussed if we were wrong making Shelley have the operations, putting her through all the pain that went with them and missing a big chunk of her childhood but remember in those days, right or wrong, most doctors said birthmarks should be removed due to the risk of getting malignant melanoma. Shelley now says at 35 she is pleased it was done especially the large one on her back.
We were lucky with Shelley that she was a type of kid that sailed through life nothing seemed to phase her. At her schools her mates and the other pupils never seemed to see or bother about her birthmarks because it didn't matter what was going on – Shelley was Shelley!
Shelley never bothered about wearing a swimming costume or the like for PT and I never remember her coming home telling us that someone from school or outside had said something to upset her. In fact looking back she loved school and school loved her because she was a top grade student and got top grade in the subjects she took.
Maybe we were lucky living abroad in the 1970/80s, we had the beautiful weather and Shelley knew no different wearing shorts etc. I can remember once or twice getting my back up with people staring but to be honest even on the beach, it was not really a regular occurrence – it is human nature for people to look! BUT maybe again it was Shelley not being self conscious about the marks from the operations and her smaller birthmarks, which won the day! I am aware that when Shelley developed into adulthood she might have become a bit more aware and conscious of her scars but she says she would rather deal with those scars than the birthmark.
I hope my story helps other parents who perhaps have not long started this journey but I can only give you my reassurance that "things are not that bad" – whether you make the decision for your child to keep the birthmark or have it removed – the fact is, regardless it will be an upsetting episode at times but more often than not, we are all the same and life is life with or without the CMN! Just ask Shelley! She has always worked hard, has plenty of friends and is happily married with a child of her own.
Times have moved on and you and your child have more information and certainly more support from the medical profession and groups like Caring Matters Now – making it, I hope, that little bit easier!


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What Type Of Leather Do We Clean For Our Leather Sofas?
If your leather upholstery suffers from cracking, dryness, fading or scratches and scuffs, Chem-Dry® offers a wide range of leather cleaning and restoration services. In addition, we also provide leather repair services if your furniture requires more attention.


Nothing beats the joy of getting the right gift to the person you love. If you need to buy a gift for your mother for her birthday or on any other occasion, then you have to choose one very carefully. Given that there are many gift ideas from which you can choose, you must be confident that what you get for her is the right thing. We have made the process easy for you by compiling 10 great gift ideas for your mother.
You can make any special occasion memorable to her by deliberately gifting her with unique mugs. Good Designer-Made Mugs usually have memorable quotes that can make your mom happy. You can add some zest to her life by getting mugs that have a quote that communicates to her how special she is to you.
Nothing beats a standard hair-straightening brush concerning convenience. You can even make things a little unusual for your mother by getting her a specially-made straightening brush during this season. You will have to get a brush of the right color and design to dazzle your mother during her birthday or just a regular visit.
Well, you can never go wrong with flowers when you have to gift someone. Your mother may be the right person to get a lovely bouquet of fresh flowers during any season. You can choose from a wide variety of farm-to-table flowers on the market by checking online for those that have a Coupon Code.
The chances are that your mom enjoys being around the kitchen. Now that she has the time to prepare her favorite meals, you can get her an excellent recipe book. Given that there are thousands of recipe books to choose from, you have to understand your mother's taste before you get the right one for her. For example, you may give her a cookbook about smoothies to help her prepare many smoothies during her free time.
You mom needs to keep her feet warm. You can help her do this by buying her a pair of Beautiful Ankle Socks. First, get to understand her favorite colors and designs before you try to get the socks for her. You can buy for her several pairs to show how much you appreciate her as your mom.
Your mother may be too occupied to remember to get a good case for her phone, yet she needs one. You can help her this season by purchasing a nice case for her phone. This way, you will have shown her that you genuinely care for her.
You can make any day a memorable one for your mom by having a bracelet specially made for her. You can write down the particular message that you would like to pass across to your mom and have it engraved on the bracelet.
How about getting for her a beautiful yoga mat before we get to the end of the year? Well, you can touch the heart of your mom by helping her avoid doing her yoga exercises on an old mat. Get the right yoga mat for her and make this a memorable occasion for your mother.
If your mom is fond of keeping indoor flowers, then she can appreciate the gift of a perfectly designed flower vase. If you would like to buy for her a flower vase as a gift, then you have to take some time and scout online for one that matches the interior of her house. Besides, you can get her the vase and a collection of alluring roses in a gift box with a coupon code to show your love for her.
You can get for your mom a t-shirt with a special message printed on it. All you should do is get her perfect measurements because you do not want to buy an undersized or oversize t-shirt for your mother.
some of them to deliver a special message to her. For the others, you can use them to communicate to her how much you adore her. Therefore, you can use any of these gift ideas to effectively make a lasting impression on your mother on this occasion.


text:
Elise Eskilsdotter (Elise Eskildsdatter) (f. c. 1483) va ser una noble i una pirata noruega.

Elise era la filla d'Eskild Ågesen i Elisabeth Jakobsdatter Hegle. El seu pare era cavaller d'Escània. Prop del 1420, es va casar amb el noble noruec Olav Nilsson (c. 1400-1455) que era membre de la família noble Skanke.

Olav Nilsson va ser membre del Riksråd de Noruega. Va ser nomenat cavaller pel rei Eric de Pomerània el 1430. El 1438, va ser nomenat capità de Bergenhus. Al voltant del 1440, es va convertir en senyor feudal de Ryfylke, Rogaland (Noruega). Va ser un terratinent ric amb propietats tant a Noruega com a Dinamarca. Més tard, Olav va servir al rei Cristià I de Dinamarca com a corsari durant la Guerra Danesa-Hanseática (1426-1435). Després del Tractat de Vordingborg al juliol de 1435, el rei Cristià va fer la pau amb la Lliga Hanseática. No obstant això, Olav va continuar atacant vaixells mercants alemanys contra els desitjos del rei. Com a conseqüència, el 1453 el rei va destituir a Olav. El 1455, Olav Nilsson va ser assassinat a l'Abadia de Munkeliv juntament amb el seu fill Nils, el seu germà Peder Nilsson Skanke, així com Leif Thor Olafsson, bisbe de Bergen.

Després de la seva mort, Elise Eskilsdotter i els seus fills van liderar una guerra oberta contra el comerç dels mercaders alemanys de Bergen. El seu fill major, Olav, va morir en un naufragi el 1465, però el fill més jove Axel va continuar el negoci. Igual que molts altres membres de la noblesa noruega, també es va oposar al govern danès sobre Noruega. El 1468, el rei Cristià I de Dinamarca va confiscar el seu feu perquè ja no confiava en la seva lleialtat. Elise va morir al voltant de 1483.

Referències

Vegeu també
 Dones pirates

Bibliografia

Noruecs
Pirates


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text:
British Foreign Office to First Secretary at the British Embassy in Washington Colville Barclay
MILITARY.
Cypher telegram to Mr.Barclay (Washington).
Foreign Office. March 22nd.1917. 8.00 p.m.
- - - - - - - - -
Secret.
Your telegram No. 741 (of 20th March).
In view of the hesitating attitude of the President and, as you say, of the 'jealousy and anti-British sentiment which pervades the United States Navy', there are obvious objections to discussing schemes of co-operation with American Naval Authorities unless we are officially approached in this sense through the proper channel. It is most desirable that such schemes should be formulated, but United States of America should call us into counsel.1
Source Note: Cy, UK-KeNA, Adm. 137/1436.
Footnote 1: On 28 February, Capt. William D. MacDougall, the U.S. Naval Attaché in London, reported to Navy Intelligence that the British Admiralty would only assist the U.S. Navy "when the situation makes it advisable. . . At present as a result of the political conditions existing they will not allow any material to be supplied." DNA, RG 45. Entry 517B.
William D MacDougall
Pre-War Planning