Spring is the perfect time to start thinking about curb appeal.
Especially if you are considering selling your home in the upcoming months. There are some inexpensive things you can do to add curb appeal that will update and refresh your home and give any potential buyers a warm welcome.
Adding layers of plants will give more dimension to your porch. Pick things of varying heights, placing taller ornamental grass in the back and add drooping flowers to add a pop of color.
Applying a fresh coat of paint to a garage door is always a good idea. Painting tip— it's always best to do exterior painting in cooler months so paint drys and is applied properly. And, speaking of painting, did you know that homes with a blue door tend to sell for more money? Crazy but true, at least according to a new study by Zillow. Or if your house has shutters, look and see if they could use a fresh coat of paint. By painting anything that looks faded or worn you revive the overall feel of the home.
Some other simple (and inexpensive) ideas are to give the house numbers a "pop" or add some to a display or wreath. You want your house to feel like home and give the potential buyer the same feeling. Or, replace old and outdated fixtures. Even if you don't change the fixture be sure nothing is cracked or broken.
Pretty, well manicured landscaping is a big selling factor. The opposite is true as well, if a potential buyer thinks they will need to invest in some serious landscaping help they are less likely to fall in love because they instantly noticed a hurdle. You want that first glimpse to be all about what the house has to offer, not what it needs in terms of work or updates.
Have a boring garage door or just need to make it stand out? Add a garage door arbor and some pretty followers. Don't want to go that far? You can purchase a decorative garage door hardware kit and instantly update a standard door.
Revamp your welcome mat. Toss old, damaged mats and pick up a pretty new one.
Last tip, give your mailbox a makeover. Plant seasonal flowers around the base and frame it with stones.
Now, you're ready to sell!


text:
IL Supreme Ct.
PEOPLE v. MATA
Supreme Court of Illinois.
The PEOPLE of the State of Illinois, Appellee, v. Bernina MATA, Appellant.
No. 99890.
Decided: December 15, 2005
Charles M. Schiedel, Deputy Defender, Office of the State Appellate Defender, Springfield, Alan Raphael, Chicago, for appellant. Lisa Madigan, Attorney General, Springfield, James P. Hursh, State's Attorney, Belvidere (Gary Feinerman, Solicitor General, Linda D. Woloshin, and Colleen M. Griffin, Assistant Attorneys General, Chicago, of counsel), for the People.
Defendant, Bernina Mata, was convicted of first degree murder (720 ILCS 5/9-1(a)(2) (West 1998)), and sentenced to death. Defendant appealed directly to this court. 134 Ill.2d R. 603. While her appeal was pending, the Governor commuted her death sentence to natural life imprisonment. Thereafter, on our own motion, we issued an order transferring the appeal to the appellate court. The appellate court dismissed the case as moot. We granted defendant's petition for leave to appeal (177 Ill.2d R. 315(a)).
In this appeal, we consider whether defendant's challenge to the statutory aggravating factor that made her eligible for the death penalty or natural life imprisonment was rendered moot by the commutation of her sentence. We hold that this issue is not moot and, therefore, remand this matter to the appellate court for consideration of the merits of defendant's claims.
I. BACKGROUND
At trial in the circuit court of Boone County, Russell Grundmeier testified that he was defendant's roommate and they had a sexual relationship. Grundmeier dropped defendant off at a tavern at approximately 7 p.m. on June 27, 1998. Grundmeier went back to their apartment for a short time. When he returned to the tavern, Grundmeier observed defendant at the bar with a man identified as John Draheim. During the course of the evening, defendant flirted with Draheim and several other people in the tavern.
At approximately 10 p.m., defendant informed Grundmeier that she was going to kill Draheim and that Grundmeier was going to help. Grundmeier stated he would not help defendant. Defendant then went back and sat next to Draheim. Grundmeier left the tavern and went to the apartment he shared with defendant.
Approximately 15 to 20 minutes later, defendant arrived at the apartment with Draheim and a man named James Clark. Clark left after 20 to 30 minutes. Defendant and Draheim sat on the couch together. Grundmeier went outside because he was upset that defendant was with Draheim. After pacing for a few minutes, Grundmeier went back inside. Upon entering the apartment, he heard sounds coming from defendant's bedroom. Grundmeier went into the bedroom and observed defendant and Draheim engaging in what appeared to be consensual sex.
Grundmeier approached and grabbed Draheim's arm in an effort to stop him from having intercourse with defendant. Grundmeier testified that he struggled with Draheim, but subdued him after a short time. Grundmeier did not know where defendant went during the struggle. After Grundmeier subdued Draheim, defendant approached and stabbed Draheim in the chest with a knife. Grundmeier released Draheim and closed his eyes. Defendant then stabbed Draheim in the chest five or six more times.
Grundmeier testified that he ran out of the room and vomited after observing this incident. Grundmeier later helped defendant dispose of Draheim's body by dumping it along a road. He also cleaned the bedroom, painted the walls, and removed the bed in an effort to conceal evidence of the crime. Grundmeier entered a guilty plea to concealment of a homicidal death and was sentenced to four years' imprisonment.
The record indicates that police officers spoke with Grundmeier during their investigation. After speaking with him, the officers located Draheim's body in a rural farming area in Winnebago County. Defendant was arrested and charged with one count of first degree murder. Defendant made several incriminating statements to her fellow inmates prior to her trial. According to these inmates, defendant stated Draheim made her angry by touching her. Defendant stated she intended to kill Draheim, and she invited him to her apartment. The State also introduced several statements by defendant that were recorded on audiotapes while she was in the jail. In one of those statements, defendant asserted "[i]f they really want to check it out, they will find out it is premeditated." The parties also presented evidence on defendant's background, psychiatric condition, and intoxication on the night of the offense.
The jury found defendant guilty of first degree murder. The State sought imposition of the death penalty, claiming the offense was "committed in a cold, calculated and premeditated manner pursuant to a preconceived plan, scheme or design to take a human life by unlawful means, and the conduct of the defendant created a reasonable expectation that the death of a human being would result therefrom." 720 ILCS 5/9-1(b)(11) (West 1998). The jury determined that this aggravating factor was proven beyond a reasonable doubt. The jury further found there were no mitigating factors sufficient to preclude imposition of the death penalty. 720 ILCS 5/9-1(h) (West 1998). Accordingly, the trial court sentenced defendant to death.
Defendant appealed her conviction and sentence directly to this court. 134 Ill.2d R. 603. After we heard oral argument and took the matter under advisement, defendant filed a petition for commutation of her death sentence with the Illinois Prisoner Review Board.
The State has submitted a copy of defendant's petition for commutation in the appendix to its brief. Although the petition is not part of the record, we may take judicial notice of matters that are readily verifiable from sources of indisputable accuracy. People v. Henderson, 171 Ill.2d 124, 134, 215 Ill.Dec. 147, 662 N.E.2d 1287 (1996). The petition is a public document that falls within the category of readily verifiable matters. See 730 ILCS 5/ 3-3-2(e) (West 1998); Henderson, 171 Ill.2d at 134, 215 Ill.Dec. 147, 662 N.E.2d 1287. Accordingly, we take judicial notice of the petition.
In her petition, defendant asserted "the appropriate action to be taken on [her] case is a commutation of the death sentence," and requested commutation to "an appropriate sentence of imprisonment." Defendant asserted clemency should be granted because the criminal justice system was so broken and fundamentally flawed that it failed to ensure a just result. She went on to describe several flaws in the trial and sentencing proceedings. Among those errors, defendant claimed the evidence was not sufficient to prove the aggravating factor that made her eligible for the death penalty.
On January 10, 2003, the Governor commuted defendant's death sentence to natural life imprisonment. After defendant's sentence was commuted, this court transferred her appeal to the appellate court.
Defendant moved the appellate court for leave to withdraw all but one of her contentions. 353 Ill.App.3d 784, 785, 289 Ill.Dec. 461, 819 N.E.2d 1261. The appellate court granted defendant's motion. 353 Ill.App.3d at 785, 289 Ill.Dec. 461, 819 N.E.2d 1261. In her remaining contention, defendant argued she was entitled to a new sentencing hearing because the State failed to prove the aggravating factor that made her eligible for the death penalty or natural life imprisonment beyond a reasonable doubt. 353 Ill.App.3d at 785, 289 Ill.Dec. 461, 819 N.E.2d 1261.
The appellate court held that defendant's sole contention concerned the propriety of her sentence and the Governor's executively imposed sentence was not subject to judicial review. 353 Ill.App.3d at 786, 289 Ill.Dec. 461, 819 N.E.2d 1261. Accordingly, defendant's appeal was dismissed as moot. 353 Ill.App.3d at 786, 289 Ill.Dec. 461, 819 N.E.2d 1261. In a special concurrence, two justices asserted that defendant should be estopped from seeking judicial relief because she sought and received relief from the executive branch. 353 Ill.App.3d at 788, 289 Ill.Dec. 461, 819 N.E.2d 1261 (McLaren, J., specially concurring, joined by Byrne, J.). We granted defendant's petition for leave to appeal (177 Ill.2d R. 315(a)).
II. ANALYSIS
In this appeal, defendant notes that the jury's finding on the statutory aggravating factor exposed her to a sentence of death or natural life imprisonment. Defendant contends that the State failed to prove the aggravating factor at trial. Accordingly, the natural life sentence imposed by the Governor is not authorized by law.
The State responds that the Governor's commutation power is essentially unreviewable. The only limits on the Governor's power are that the commutation cannot increase the punishment or change the nature of the conviction. The commutation of defendant's sentence did not increase her punishment or change the nature of her conviction. Defendant's challenge to her sentence is, therefore, moot.
The Illinois Constitution provides, in pertinent part, that "[t]he Governor may grant reprieves, commutations and pardons, after conviction, for all offenses on such terms as he thinks proper." Ill. Const.1970, art. V, § 12. In People ex rel. Madigan v. Snyder, 208 Ill.2d 457, 281 Ill.Dec. 581, 804 N.E.2d 546 (2004), this court examined the Governor's constitutional authority to commute sentences and concluded that the Governor's power in this regard is extremely broad. People ex rel. Madigan, 208 Ill.2d at 473, 281 Ill.Dec. 581, 804 N.E.2d 546. The clemency power granted by the Illinois Constitution is not subject to control by the courts or the legislature, but can be controlled only by the Governor's conscience and sense of public duty. People ex rel. Madigan, 208 Ill.2d at 473, 281 Ill.Dec. 581, 804 N.E.2d 546, quoting People ex rel. Smith v. Jenkins, 325 Ill. 372, 374, 156 N.E. 290 (1927). We concluded that the only recognized restriction on the clemency power is that the Governor may not change a defendant's conviction of one crime into a conviction of another. People ex rel. Madigan, 208 Ill.2d at 475, 281 Ill.Dec. 581, 804 N.E.2d 546.
As noted by the State, however, the Governor's clemency power is also restricted in that the Governor may not increase a defendant's punishment. This restriction on the Governor's power is apparent from the plain language of article V, section 12. As previously noted, this section allows the Governor to grant "reprieves, commutations and pardons." Ill. Const.1970, art. V, § 12. A "commutation" is defined as the change of a defendant's punishment to a less severe one. People ex rel. Madigan, 208 Ill.2d at 474, 281 Ill.Dec. 581, 804 N.E.2d 546, citing People ex rel. Smith, 325 Ill. at 376, 156 N.E. 290. A commutation removes the judicially imposed sentence and replaces it with a lesser sentence imposed by the Governor. People v. Rissley, 206 Ill.2d 403, 463, 276 Ill.Dec. 821, 795 N.E.2d 174 (2003). Thus, it is axiomatic from the plain language of this constitutional provision that the Governor cannot use the commutation power to increase a defendant's punishment.
Defendant was eligible for the death penalty based on her conviction of first degree murder and the finding of the statutory aggravating factor. 720 ILCS 5/9-1(b) (West 1998). At the time the Governor commuted defendant's sentence, the jury had found all the facts necessary to justify imposition of a death sentence. The commutation to natural life imprisonment did not increase defendant's sentence or alter the nature of her conviction. Thus, the commutation was a valid exercise of the Governor's clemency power.
Defendant, nevertheless, argues that her appeal is not moot because her constitutional right to due process of law is at issue. Defendant explains that the maximum penalty authorized for the basic elements of first degree murder is a term of 60 years' imprisonment. 730 ILCS 5/5-8-1(a)(1)(a) (West 1998). Illinois law would not allow imposition of a natural life sentence in this case without the finding of the aggravating factor. Defendant argues that the State failed to prove the aggravating factor at trial. The natural life sentence, therefore, exceeds the maximum term authorized by statute for the elements that were proven to the jury. According to defendant, this claim implicates her constitutional right to due process of law, and the executively imposed sentence can only stand if the Governor's clemency power supercedes her constitutional right to due process.
The resolution of this issue requires an understanding of the nature of the statutory aggravating factor in light of the rules established in Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466, 120 S.Ct. 2348, 147 L.Ed.2d 435 (2000), and Ring v. Arizona, 536 U.S. 584, 122 S.Ct. 2428, 153 L.Ed.2d 556 (2002). In Apprendi, the defendant was convicted of possession of a firearm for an unlawful purpose. The normal sentencing range for that offense under New Jersey law was 5 to 10 years' imprisonment (N.J.Stat.Ann. § 2C:43-6(a)(2) (West 1995)). An extended-term sentence could be imposed based on the trial court's finding by a preponderance of the evidence that the defendant "acted with a purpose to intimidate an individual or group of individuals because of race, color, gender, handicap, religion, sexual orientation or ethnicity." N.J. Stat. Ann. § 2C:44-3(e) (West Supp.1999-2000). The extended term authorized for this offense was 10 to 20 years' imprisonment. N.J. Stat. Ann. § 2C:43-7(a)(3) (West 1995).
The Supreme Court framed the issue as "whether the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment requires that a factual determination authorizing an increase in the maximum prison sentence for an offense from 10 to 20 years be made by a jury on the basis of proof beyond a reasonable doubt." Apprendi, 530 U.S. at 469, 120 S.Ct. at 2351, 147 L.Ed.2d at 442. The Court held that "[o]ther than the fact of a prior conviction, any fact that increases the penalty for a crime beyond the prescribed statutory maximum must be submitted to a jury, and proved beyond a reasonable doubt." Apprendi, 530 U.S. at 490, 120 S.Ct. at 2362-63, 147 L.Ed.2d at 455. Thus, "the rule established by the Court's decision in Apprendi admits of a relatively simple statement: due process requires that all facts necessary to establish the statutory sentencing range within which the defendant's sentence falls must be proven to a jury beyond a reasonable doubt." People v. Swift, 202 Ill.2d 378, 383, 269 Ill.Dec. 495, 781 N.E.2d 292 (2002) (citing People v. Jackson, 199 Ill.2d 286, 296, 263 Ill.Dec. 819, 769 N.E.2d 21 (2002), and People v. Ford, 198 Ill.2d 68, 73, 260 Ill.Dec. 552, 761 N.E.2d 735 (2001)).
With regard to the distinction between "elements" and "sentencing factors," the Supreme Court stated "the relevant inquiry is one not of form, but of effect-does the required finding expose the defendant to a greater punishment than that authorized by the jury's guilty verdict?" Apprendi, 530 U.S. at 494, 120 S.Ct. at 2365, 147 L.Ed.2d at 457. "[W]hen the term 'sentence enhancement' is used to describe an increase beyond the maximum authorized statutory sentence, it is the functional equivalent of an element of a greater offense than the one covered by the jury's guilty verdict. Indeed, it fits squarely within the usual definition of an 'element' of the offense." Apprendi, 530 U.S. at 494 n. 19, 120 S.Ct. at 2365 n. 19, 147 L.Ed.2d at 457 n. 19.
The Supreme Court subsequently considered the applicability of Apprendi in the capital sentencing context. See Ring, 536 U.S. 584, 122 S.Ct. 2428, 153 L.Ed.2d 556. In Ring, the defendant was convicted of felony murder. Ariz.Rev.Stat. Ann. §§ 13-1105(A), (B) (West 2001). Under Arizona law, the penalty for this conviction was death or life imprisonment. Ariz.Rev.Stat. Ann. § 13-1105(C) (West 2001). The defendant could not be sentenced to death, however, unless the court found an enumerated aggravating circumstance existed and there were "no mitigating circumstances sufficiently substantial to call for leniency." Ariz.Rev.Stat. Ann. §§ 13-703(C), (F) (West Supp.2001).
The Supreme Court held the enumerated aggravating factors that allowed imposition of the death penalty operated as " 'the functional equivalent of an element of a greater offense.' " Ring, 536 U.S. at 609, 122 S.Ct. at 2443, 153 L.Ed.2d at 577, quoting Apprendi, 530 U.S. at 494 n. 19, 120 S.Ct. at 2365 n. 19, 147 L.Ed.2d at 457 n. 19. Therefore, the sixth amendment required those factors to be proven to a jury. Ring, 536 U.S. at 609, 122 S.Ct. at 2443, 153 L.Ed.2d at 577.
The rules established in Apprendi and Ring apply directly to the statutory aggravating factor at issue in this case. Here, defendant was convicted of first degree murder. 720 ILCS 5/9-1(a)(2) (West 1998). The only authorized sentencing range for the elements of this offense is a term of 20 to 60 years' imprisonment. 730 ILCS 5/5-8-1(a)(1)(a) (West 1998); Swift, 202 Ill.2d at 388, 269 Ill.Dec. 495, 781 N.E.2d 292. The State sought imposition of the death penalty based on a statutory aggravating factor. 720 ILCS 5/9-1(b)(11) (West 1998). The jury's finding of this aggravating factor increased the maximum penalty for this offense to death. 720 ILCS 5/9-1(g) (West 1998). Under Apprendi and Ring, the aggravating factor is the functional equivalent of an element of a greater offense. Defendant's challenge to the sufficiency of proof on the aggravating factor, therefore, clearly implicates her constitutional right to due process of law.
The State has filed a petition for rehearing, asserting our decision rests on the faulty premise that the statutory aggravating factor is an element of the offense. Relying on Schriro v. Summerlin, 542 U.S. 348, 159 L. Ed. 2d 442, 124 S. Ct. 2519 (2004), the State argues "neither Ring nor Apprendi converted the statutory aggravating factor found by defendant's jury into an element of the crime (first degree murder)."
The issue in Schriro was whether Ring applies retroactively to cases already final on direct review. Schriro, 542 U.S. at 349, 124 S.Ct. at 2521, 159 L.Ed.2d at 447. Schriro does not discuss Apprendi in its resolution of this issue. In discussing Ring, the Court stated "Ring held that, because Arizona's statutory aggravators restricted (as a matter of state law) the class of death-eligible defendants, those aggravators effectively were elements for federal constitutional purposes, and so were subject to the procedural requirements the Constitution attaches to trial of elements." Schriro, 542 U.S. at 354, 124 S.Ct. at 2524, 159 L.Ed.2d at 450. Thus, contrary to the State's argument, Schriro reaffirms our conclusion that the statutory aggravating factor here is the functional equivalent of an element of the offense for procedural due process purposes.
Defendant argues her constitutional right to due process of law is not subordinate to the Governor's power to grant executive clemency. We agree.
The supremacy clause of the United States Constitution provides that "[t]his Constitution, and the Laws of the United States * * * shall be the supreme Law of the Land * * * any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding." U.S. Const., art. VI, cl. 2. Thus, a state law is without effect if it conflicts with a federal law. Busch v. Graphic Color Corp., 169 Ill.2d 325, 334, 214 Ill.Dec. 831, 662 N.E.2d 397 (1996). State courts have an obligation to enforce and protect every right granted by the Constitution of the United States whenever those rights are involved in a suit or proceeding before them. People v. Lawton, 212 Ill.2d 285, 300, 288 Ill.Dec. 638, 818 N.E.2d 326 (2004), quoting Robb v. Connolly, 111 U.S. 624, 637, 4 S.Ct. 544, 551, 28 L.Ed. 542, 546 (1884). Therefore, in the event of a conflict between the Governor's clemency power granted by the Illinois Constitution and a defendant's right guaranteed by the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment, the constitutional right to due process of law must prevail.
We note that this court has considered the effect of the Governor's commutation on a defendant's right to appeal in a number of recent cases. See People v. Williams, 209 Ill.2d 227, 282 Ill.Dec. 824, 807 N.E.2d 448 (2004); People v. Evans, 209 Ill.2d 194, 283 Ill.Dec. 651, 808 N.E.2d 939 (2004); People v. Shum, 207 Ill.2d 47, 278 Ill.Dec. 14, 797 N.E.2d 609 (2003); People v. Moore, 207 Ill.2d 68, 278 Ill.Dec. 36, 797 N.E.2d 631 (2003); People v. Graham, 206 Ill.2d 465, 276 Ill.Dec. 878, 795 N.E.2d 231 (2003); People v. Rissley, 206 Ill.2d 403, 276 Ill.Dec. 821, 795 N.E.2d 174 (2003); People v. Brown, 204 Ill.2d 422, 275 Ill.Dec. 313, 792 N.E.2d 788 (2002); People v. Ceja, 204 Ill.2d 332, 273 Ill.Dec. 796, 789 N.E.2d 1228 (2003); People v. Miller, 203 Ill.2d 433, 272 Ill.Dec. 155, 786 N.E.2d 989 (2002); People v. Lucas, 203 Ill.2d 410, 272 Ill.Dec. 298, 787 N.E.2d 113 (2002). The specific contention raised by defendant in this appeal was not addressed in those cases. The State conceded in oral argument that this is a matter of first impression in this court.
In the previous cases, however, this court explained that commutation removes the judicially imposed sentence and replaces it with a lesser, executively imposed sentence. Williams, 209 Ill.2d at 232, 282 Ill.Dec. 824, 807 N.E.2d 448; Evans, 209 Ill.2d at 208, 283 Ill.Dec. 651, 808 N.E.2d 939; Shum, 207 Ill.2d at 51, 278 Ill.Dec. 14, 797 N.E.2d 609; Moore, 207 Ill.2d at 70, 278 Ill.Dec. 36, 797 N.E.2d 631; Graham, 206 Ill.2d at 470, 276 Ill.Dec. 878, 795 N.E.2d 231; Rissley, 206 Ill.2d at 463, 276 Ill.Dec. 821, 795 N.E.2d 174; Brown, 204 Ill.2d at 426, 275 Ill.Dec. 313, 792 N.E.2d 788; Ceja, 204 Ill.2d at 335, 273 Ill.Dec. 796, 789 N.E.2d 1228; Miller, 203 Ill.2d at 438, 272 Ill.Dec. 155, 786 N.E.2d 989; Lucas, 203 Ill.2d at 419, 272 Ill.Dec. 298, 787 N.E.2d 113. The commutations, therefore, prevented this court from being able to render effectual relief on the sentencing challenges raised by the defendants. Williams, 209 Ill.2d at 232, 282 Ill.Dec. 824, 807 N.E.2d 448; Evans, 209 Ill.2d at 208, 283 Ill.Dec. 651, 808 N.E.2d 939; Shum, 207 Ill.2d at 51, 278 Ill.Dec. 14, 797 N.E.2d 609; Moore, 207 Ill.2d at 70, 278 Ill.Dec. 36, 797 N.E.2d 631; Graham, 206 Ill.2d at 470, 276 Ill.Dec. 878, 795 N.E.2d 231; Rissley, 206 Ill.2d at 463, 276 Ill.Dec. 821, 795 N.E.2d 174; Brown, 204 Ill.2d at 425, 275 Ill.Dec. 313, 792 N.E.2d 788; Ceja, 204 Ill.2d at 335, 273 Ill.Dec. 796, 789 N.E.2d 1228; Miller, 203 Ill.2d at 438, 272 Ill.Dec. 155, 786 N.E.2d 989; Lucas, 203 Ill.2d at 418, 272 Ill.Dec. 298, 787 N.E.2d 113. We broadly stated that "sentencing issues" or "sentencing-phase issues" are rendered moot by the Governor's commutation. Williams, 209 Ill.2d at 232, 282 Ill.Dec. 824, 807 N.E.2d 448; Evans, 209 Ill.2d at 208, 283 Ill.Dec. 651, 808 N.E.2d 939; Shum, 207 Ill.2d at 51, 278 Ill.Dec. 14, 797 N.E.2d 609; Moore, 207 Ill.2d at 70, 278 Ill.Dec. 36, 797 N.E.2d 631; Graham, 206 Ill.2d at 470, 276 Ill.Dec. 878, 795 N.E.2d 231; Rissley, 206 Ill.2d at 463, 276 Ill.Dec. 821, 795 N.E.2d 174; Brown, 204 Ill.2d at 426, 275 Ill.Dec. 313, 792 N.E.2d 788; Ceja, 204 Ill.2d at 336, 273 Ill.Dec. 796, 789 N.E.2d 1228; Miller, 203 Ill.2d at 438, 272 Ill.Dec. 155, 786 N.E.2d 989. In each case where nonsentencing issues were raised, however, we went on to decide those issues. See Williams, 209 Ill.2d 227, 282 Ill.Dec. 824, 807 N.E.2d 448; Evans, 209 Ill.2d 194, 283 Ill.Dec. 651, 808 N.E.2d 939; Shum, 207 Ill.2d 47, 278 Ill.Dec. 14, 797 N.E.2d 609; Moore, 207 Ill.2d 68, 278 Ill.Dec. 36, 797 N.E.2d 631; Graham, 206 Ill.2d 465, 276 Ill.Dec. 878, 795 N.E.2d 231; Rissley, 206 Ill.2d 403, 276 Ill.Dec. 821, 795 N.E.2d 174; Ceja, 204 Ill.2d 332, 273 Ill.Dec. 796, 789 N.E.2d 1228; Miller, 203 Ill.2d 433, 272 Ill.Dec. 155, 786 N.E.2d 989; Lucas, 203 Ill.2d 410, 272 Ill.Dec. 298, 787 N.E.2d 113.
The nonsentencing issues addressed in those cases include a variety of claims. For instance, in Williams, we addressed the defendant's claims of juror misconduct and ineffective assistance of appellate counsel. Williams, 209 Ill.2d at 234-48, 282 Ill.Dec. 824, 807 N.E.2d 448. In Evans, this court considered the defendant's challenges to the sufficiency of the evidence to prove him guilty, the denial of his motion for substitution of judge, claims of ineffective assistance of counsel, and a claim that he was denied a fair trial by the prosecutor's remarks during rebuttal argument. Evans, 209 Ill.2d at 208-26, 283 Ill.Dec. 651, 808 N.E.2d 939. Other issues we have addressed include the admissibility of evidence and denial of jury instructions on a lesser-included offense. Ceja, 204 Ill.2d at 346-62, 273 Ill.Dec. 796, 789 N.E.2d 1228. Thus, the Governor's commutation does not render all challenges by a defendant moot. Rather, only issues challenging the sentence are moot.
Our decision in this case is consistent with our previous cases. Following Apprendi and Ring, it is apparent that defendant's challenge is not to a sentencing issue. Rather, it is a challenge to the sufficiency of proof on the functional equivalent of an element of the offense. This challenge implicates defendant's due process rights guaranteed by the fourteenth amendment to the United States Constitution. The Governor's action cannot bar defendant's right to seek an effective, complete remedy on this claim. Defendant is entitled to seek judicial relief on her challenge to the aggravating factor. Thus, her claim is not moot.
The State has relied heavily on People v. Watson, 347 Ill.App.3d 181, 283 Ill.Dec. 23, 807 N.E.2d 628 (2004), in arguing defendant's claim is moot. Watson is factually similar to this case. In Watson, the appellate court dismissed the defendant's appeal as moot holding, in relevant part, that the defendant's federal due process rights were not implicated in his appeal. Watson, 347 Ill.App.3d at 190-92, 283 Ill.Dec. 23, 807 N.E.2d 628. We note, however, that Watson did not address the impact of Apprendi and Ring on the defendant's due process claim. Watson, 347 Ill.App.3d at 190-92, 283 Ill.Dec. 23, 807 N.E.2d 628. Moreover, in this case, the State did not respond in its brief to defendant's argument based on Apprendi and Ring. Watson is inconsistent with our holding that defendant's due process rights are at issue in this appeal. Accordingly, we hereby overrule Watson to the extent that it is inconsistent with our decision.
The State also argues defendant is estopped from challenging the commuted sentence because she sought the commutation and it is an appropriate sentence of imprisonment. According to the State, if any deprivation of defendant's due process rights occurred, it resulted only by operation of the process she invoked to invalidate her death sentence. In its brief argument on this point, the State cites Barack Ferrazzano Kirschbaum Perlman & Nagelberg v. Loffredi, 342 Ill.App.3d 453, 277 Ill.Dec. 111, 795 N.E.2d 779 (2003). In that case, the court held the doctrine of judicial estoppel provides that " 'a party who assumes a particular position in a legal proceeding is estopped from assuming a contrary position in a subsequent legal proceeding.' " Barack, 342 Ill.App.3d at 460, 277 Ill.Dec. 111, 795 N.E.2d 779, quoting Bidani v. Lewis, 285 Ill.App.3d 545, 550, 221 Ill.Dec. 452, 675 N.E.2d 647 (1996).
Defendant has not taken contrary positions in her petition for commutation and her appeal. In her petition, defendant requested an "appropriate sentence" based on a variety of factors, including that the evidence was not sufficient to prove the aggravating factor. Defendant did not request a sentence of natural life imprisonment. In her appeal, defendant also challenges the sufficiency of the evidence to prove the aggravating factor. Based on this challenge, defendant seeks a sentence for the basic elements of first degree murder in the statutory range of 20 to 60 years' imprisonment. See 730 ILCS 5/5-8-1(a)(1)(a) (West 1998); Swift, 202 Ill.2d at 388, 269 Ill.Dec. 495, 781 N.E.2d 292. These claims are not inconsistent.
Moreover, in framing this argument, the State has mischaracterized defendant's claim on appeal. The State asserts that defendant is estopped from challenging her commuted sentence. However, as previously noted, defendant is not challenging the Governor's commutation of her sentence. Rather, she is contesting the sufficiency of proof on the functional equivalent of an element of the offense. A challenge to a sentence and a challenge to a conviction are two separate and distinct matters. We recognized this distinction in the cases where we found sentencing issues are rendered moot by the Governor's commutation, but addressed issues challenging the underlying conviction. See Williams, 209 Ill.2d 227, 282 Ill.Dec. 824, 807 N.E.2d 448; Evans, 209 Ill.2d 194, 283 Ill.Dec. 651, 808 N.E.2d 939; Shum, 207 Ill.2d 47, 278 Ill.Dec. 14, 797 N.E.2d 609; Moore, 207 Ill.2d 68, 278 Ill.Dec. 36, 797 N.E.2d 631; Graham, 206 Ill.2d 465, 276 Ill.Dec. 878, 795 N.E.2d 231; Rissley, 206 Ill.2d 403, 276 Ill.Dec. 821, 795 N.E.2d 174; Ceja, 204 Ill.2d 332, 273 Ill.Dec. 796, 789 N.E.2d 1228; Miller, 203 Ill.2d 433, 272 Ill.Dec. 155, 786 N.E.2d 989; Lucas, 203 Ill.2d 410, 272 Ill.Dec. 298, 787 N.E.2d 113.
Defendant did not take inconsistent positions by seeking a commutation of her sentence from the Governor and challenging an element of the offense in her appeal. As the defendants in the cases cited above, defendant here is entitled to seek judicial relief on her challenge to the underlying conviction. We conclude defendant is not estopped from asserting this challenge simply because she sought and received a commutation of her sentence.
III. CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, we reverse the appellate court's dismissal of defendant's appeal as moot. We remand the cause to the appellate court for consideration of the merits of defendant's contentions.
Appellate court judgment reversed; cause remanded.
The crux of the majority's decision is that Apprendi and Ring have altered the analysis used by courts of this state for decades regarding sentences imposed by the use of the Governor's clemency power. The majority has now decided that defendants indeed can challenge an executively imposed sentence merely by claiming that the aggravating factor used to determine eligibility for a death sentence was not proved beyond a reasonable doubt. Thus, courts of review now have power to judicially review an executively imposed sentence. Our precedents do not permit such a result. It has long been held that the Governor's power of clemency replaces the judicially imposed sentence with a lesser, executively imposed sentence. See People ex rel. Johnson v. Murphy, 257 Ill. 564, 566, 100 N.E. 980 (1913). This court has recently affirmed the fact that the Governor's clemency power is "extremely broad" and not subject to the control of the courts or the legislature. See People ex rel. Madigan v. Snyder, 208 Ill.2d 457, 473, 281 Ill.Dec. 581, 804 N.E.2d 546 (2004). Prior to the issuance of today's decision, the only limit this court had recognized on the executive power of clemency was that the Governor could not increase a defendant's punishment or change the nature of a conviction. See People ex rel. Madigan, 208 Ill.2d at 475, 281 Ill.Dec. 581, 804 N.E.2d 546.
Apprendi held that any fact, other than a prior conviction, that increases the penalty for an offense beyond the prescribed statutory maximum must be submitted to a jury and proved beyond a reasonable doubt. Apprendi, 530 U.S. at 490, 120 S.Ct. at 2362-63, 147 L.Ed.2d at 455. Ring held that the determination of the existence of any aggravating factor or factors that make a defendant eligible for the death penalty must be made by a jury and not by a judge. Ring, 536 U.S. at 609, 122 S.Ct. at 2443, 153 L.Ed.2d at 577. Defendant's sentencing hearing complied with these mandates in all respects. Evidence regarding the aggravating factor was presented to the jury and its existence was found by the jury beyond a reasonable doubt. The majority concludes that defendant is entitled to review of that finding because the aggravating factor is the functional equivalent of an element of a greater offense, thereby implicating defendant's due process rights. 217 Ill.2d at 545, 299 Ill.Dec. at 656, 842 N.E.2d at 693. The majority further concludes that defendant's due process rights trump the Governor's power of clemency and that defendant's appeal is therefore not moot. 217 Ill.2d at 546, 299 Ill.Dec. at 656, 842 N.E.2d at 693. Accordingly, defendant may pursue her challenge to the finding on the aggravating factor. If she is successful, she will presumably be resentenced to a term of imprisonment not to exceed 60 years, the maximum nonextended term applicable to first degree murder.
Following former Governor Ryan's commutation of death sentences in 2003, this court entertained requests for review from several defendants. See, e.g., People v. Williams, 209 Ill.2d 227, 282 Ill.Dec. 824, 807 N.E.2d 448 (2004); People v. Evans, 209 Ill.2d 194, 283 Ill.Dec. 651, 808 N.E.2d 939 (2004); People v. Moore, 207 Ill.2d 68, 278 Ill.Dec. 36, 797 N.E.2d 631 (2003); People v. Shum, 207 Ill.2d 47, 278 Ill.Dec. 14, 797 N.E.2d 609 (2003); People v. Graham, 206 Ill.2d 465, 276 Ill.Dec. 878, 795 N.E.2d 231 (2003); People v. Rissley, 206 Ill.2d 403, 276 Ill.Dec. 821, 795 N.E.2d 174 (2003); People v. Brown, 204 Ill.2d 422, 275 Ill.Dec. 313, 792 N.E.2d 788 (2002); People v. Ceja, 204 Ill.2d 332, 273 Ill.Dec. 796, 789 N.E.2d 1228 (2003); People v. Miller, 203 Ill.2d 433, 272 Ill.Dec. 155, 786 N.E.2d 989 (2002); People v. Lucas, 203 Ill.2d 410, 272 Ill.Dec. 298, 787 N.E.2d 113 (2002). In each case, the defendants challenged some aspect of their sentencing. In some of the cases, this court did not identify the sentencing issues raised, merely noting that the commutation of the defendant's sentence rendered the sentencing issues moot. See, e.g., Williams, 209 Ill.2d at 232, 282 Ill.Dec. 824, 807 N.E.2d 448; Evans, 209 Ill.2d at 208, 283 Ill.Dec. 651, 808 N.E.2d 939; Moore, 207 Ill.2d at 70, 278 Ill.Dec. 36, 797 N.E.2d 631; Graham, 206 Ill.2d at 470, 276 Ill.Dec. 878, 795 N.E.2d 231; Rissley, 206 Ill.2d at 463, 276 Ill.Dec. 821, 795 N.E.2d 174; Ceja, 204 Ill.2d at 362-63, 273 Ill.Dec. 796, 789 N.E.2d 1228. In other cases, the opinions identify the sentencing issues. For instance, in Shum, the defendant argued that his trial counsel was ineffective at his capital sentencing hearing. This court handled that issue as follows:
"In this appeal, defendant raises two issues challenging his sentence, including ineffective assistance of counsel at sentencing and improper denial of request to depose trial counsel about the sentencing hearing. Subsequent to the filing of his appeal, the Governor commuted his death sentence to natural life imprisonment without the possibility of parole or mandatory supervised release. Commutation removes the judicially imposed sentence and replaces it with a lesser, executively imposed sentence. [Citations.] Thus, the commutation rendered these sentencing issues moot. [Citations.]" Shum, 207 Ill.2d at 51, 278 Ill.Dec. 14, 797 N.E.2d 609.
In Miller, the defendant argued that he received the ineffective assistance of counsel at the aggravation-mitigation phase of his capital sentencing hearing because counsel had failed to investigate and present available mitigating evidence. In an opinion filed subsequent to the commutation of the defendant's death sentence, this court found the ineffective-assistance issue moot, noting that the commutation removed the defendant's judicially imposed sentence and replaced it with a lesser, executively imposed sentence. Miller, 203 Ill.2d at 437-38, 272 Ill.Dec. 155, 786 N.E.2d 989. The defendant in Lucas made a similar argument. This court found the issue was rendered moot by the commutation of the defendant's death sentence. Lucas, 203 Ill.2d at 418-19, 272 Ill.Dec. 298, 787 N.E.2d 113.
The majority concludes that a defendant's due process rights trump the Governor's clemency power because the supremacy clause of the United States Constitution mandates that precedence be given to that constitution and federal laws. Thus, where a conflict exists between the Governor's clemency power and a defendant's due process rights under the fourteenth amendment, the due process right must prevail. 217 ILL.2d at 546-47, 299 Ill.Dec. at 656, 842 N.E.2d at 693. Apparently, however, this only applies to Apprendi issues. It is unclear why constitutional rights implicating Apprendi take precedence over the executive clemency power, yet constitutional rights such as the right to the effective assistance of counsel in Miller and Lucas do not. Granted, Apprendi issues have been referred to by the United States Supreme Court as the "functional equivalent of an element of a greater offense." See Apprendi, 530 U.S. at 494 n. 19, 120 S.Ct. at 2365 n. 19, 147 L.Ed.2d at 457 n. 19; Ring, 536 U.S. at 609, 122 S.Ct. at 2443, 153 L.Ed.2d at 577. However, a defendant's eligibility for an enhanced sentence may be at stake in both situations. Defendants have a due process right to the effective assistance of counsel under the United States Constitution (U.S. Const., amends. VI, XIV) and the Illinois Constitution (Ill. Const.1970, art. I, § 8). Yet, as noted above, this court has not hesitated to find such issues moot following commutation of those defendants' death sentences. The apparent distinction drawn by the majority between Apprendi issues and other issues that also implicate constitutional rights is puzzling. In situations where a single murder was committed, a clemency defendant who alleges ineffective assistance of counsel at the sentencing stage may, if successful on that issue, become eligible to receive a lesser sentence than natural life in prison if the factors set forth in section 5-8-1(a)(1)(c) of the Unified Code of Corrections (730 ILCS 5/5-8-1(a)(1)(c) (West 2002)) are not present. In that sense, such a defendant is in no different position than the defendant in this case. Yet, under the majority opinion, the instant defendant can challenge her commuted sentence while the defendant who asserts due process rights in a different manner may not.
The majority maintains that defendant has not taken inconsistent positions by asking for executive clemency and then challenging the resulting sentence. According to the majority, defendant is not challenging the commutation of her sentence; rather, she is challenging the sufficiency of proof on the functional equivalent of an element of a greater offense. 217 Ill.2d at 550, 299 Ill.Dec. at 658-59, 842 N.E.2d at 695-96. Reduced to its essence, however, defendant's challenge is to her sentence. She does not dispute the sufficiency of the evidence that resulted in her murder conviction. The sole purpose of her present challenge is to obtain a reduced sentence. There can be no other reason. Defendant has obtained what amounts to double relief. Her request for the commutation of her death sentence was granted by the former Governor. In addition, she will now be able to challenge her commuted sentence by arguing that she is not eligible for natural life imprisonment because the aggravating factor was not proved beyond a reasonable doubt. If she loses on that argument, she faces, not death, but natural life imprisonment. Clemency defendants who have other constitutional rights to assert, even if they implicate due process and may impact the defendant's eligibility for the commuted sentence, are not so fortunate.
I disagree with the majority's overruling of People v. Watson, 347 Ill.App.3d 181, 283 Ill.Dec. 23, 807 N.E.2d 628 (2004). The Watson court applied well-established precedents in concluding that the defendant's appeal was moot. Although the court did not mention Apprendi, the issue raised in that case was identical to the issue raised in this case. Apprendi was clearly implicated when the defendant argued that the due process clauses of the United States and Illinois constitutions guaranteed him the right to have his claim considered by the court. Watson, 347 Ill.App.3d at 190, 283 Ill.Dec. 23, 807 N.E.2d 628.
Defendant's sentencing hearing complied with the dictates of Apprendi and Ring. She does not challenge her conviction. She asked for and received a commuted sentence. The majority acknowledges that former Governor Ryan validly exercised his clemency power in this case. Like the Watson court, I would hold that the instant defendant's appeal is moot.
Justice KILBRIDE delivered the opinion of the court:

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Boat Handling
How To Use Prop Walk for Single-Screw Boat Handling
Once you learn to make use of your boat's sliding stern, close-quarters maneuvering will be far easier.
Tor Pinney
Prop walk, also known as paddlewheel effect or asymmetric blade thrust, is the tendency of a propeller to push a boat's stern sideways. It's most noticeable in reverse on single-screw vessels, and it can make close-quarters maneuvering, including docking, a daunting challenge.
Or, prop walk can become your ally, giving you absolute control when it matters most. The trick is to understand it, plan for it and make it work for you.
Prop walk is a result of the angle of the propeller to the water's surface. If the prop is not perfectly perpendicular—if the shaft is angled slightly downward, as most are—then the cylindrical distance that the propeller blades travel on their upstroke is greater than on their downstroke. As a result, the upstroke pushes more water, generating greater thrust on that side. Coupled with lateral deflection off the hull, this effect pushes the boat's stern sideways, pivoting the vessel around a point about one-third abaft the bow.
A propeller only "walks" when its shaft is angled downward. The upstrokes become longer than the downstrokes, creating a sideways force.
Jan Adkins for WoodenBoat Magazine
Slow speeds and high rpm amplify prop walk, as do greater propeller diameter or pitch. Shallow water, on the other hand, reduces upward water flow from beneath the vessel, and can reduce or even cancel out prop walk.
Likewise, the amount of clearance between the prop and the hull has an impact, as does the hull's shape. Two-blade propellers generally produce less walk than three-blade props; folding and feathering props, less still. The yaw rate—the side-to-side movement of the bow and stern of the ship underway—can either negate or augment prop walk, as can relative wind direction and strength. An offset shaft may also alter the effect.
However, if a prop shaft is perfectly parallel to the water's surface, as in saildrives, there is no prop walk at all. Clearly, the phenomenon can differ widely from boat to boat, and from one occurrence to the next on the same boat.
Asymmetrical blade thrust occurs in forward and reverse, in opposite directions. However, in forward gear, the rudder easily compensates for it, so you hardly notice it. In reverse gear, the rudder is much less effective, so the blade thrust is more obvious and harder to control.
Anticipating this sideways shove and its direction is a prerequisite to knowing how to compensate for it or, in some situations, to turn it to your advantage.
First, you need to know which way your boat's going to walk. It's going to be to port or to starboard, depending on whether the propeller is right-handed or left-handed (the direction it spins). Twin-screw boats typically neutralize prop walk by having one right-handed propeller and one left-handed prop; they walk in opposite directions, canceling out the effect of each.
The initials RH (for right-handed) or LH (for left-handed) are usually stamped on the prop, along with its diameter and pitch. That's how you can tell which type you're dealing with. If the initials aren't there, it's easy to determine a prop's direction in the water. Simply watch which way the prop turns when the transmission is put in forward gear. If it's clockwise when viewed from astern, then the prop is right-handed. Counterclockwise means left-handed.
If you cannot see the propeller, then you can deduce its rotation by observing the direction of the prop wash on the water's surface. While dockside with the engine idling, shift into reverse. Wait a moment to let the dock lines take the strain, and then accelerate to about one-quarter throttle. Then, look over the stern quarters, port and starboard, and see which side has turbulent water. If the prop wash is to starboard in reverse, then the propeller is right-handed and it will walk the stern to port. If the turbulence is to port in reverse, then the propeller is left-handed and will kick the stern to starboard.
You can conduct the same test underway by bringing the boat to a full stop in calm conditions or dead downwind. Shift to reverse, give her a few seconds' burst of throttle, and observe whether the stern moves to port or starboard. Whichever it is, it will always be the same direction on that boat.
Now that you know what prop walk is, what it does, and which way it's going to turn your boat, you're ready to put the effect to work for you.
In a crowded marina or narrow channel, it is sometimes necessary to turn 90 degrees or more with little room. Using prop walk, you can pivot a boat in place, or nearly so.
Always plan to pivot a boat with a right-handed propeller clockwise, to starboard. That way (and only that way), you're using the prop's starboard thrust in reverse to push the stern to port, aiding the clockwise pivot.
With the right pivoting technique, you can turn a single-screw inboard boat almost in its own length. Turn in place by putting the helm over hard and shifting repeatedly between forward and reverse.
Turn the wheel hard over to starboard and hold it there. Then, give the throttle a sharp one- or two-second burst of power in forward. Since the idea is to remain in one spot while turning, don't stay in forward gear for long. Throttle down to idle, shift to neutral for a moment, and then shift to reverse and give her another strong burst of power. This stops the boat's forward motion and kicks the stern to port, enhancing the lateral rotation.
Next, idle down, shift back to neutral, and then put her into forward again. The pattern is power burst, idle, shift and so on, never letting the boat gain momentum in either direction. Keep repeating this sequence, alternating power bursts in forward and reverse, until the boat has spun to the desired heading.
Throughout this maneuver, keep the helm turned to starboard (the rudder would have no effect in reverse because the boat's not making sternway) and always allow a moment of idle neutral in between each shift to spare the transmission sudden jolts.
This technique, called back and fill, will spin most boats in their own length plus a little, or a bit more for longer, deeper keels. It only works rotating to starboard with a right-handed prop, or to port with a left-handed prop. If you try to pivot the other way, the propeller effect will work against you each time you power up in reverse, slowing or even preventing the turn.
If you must turn a right-handed-prop vessel 90 degrees to port in tight quarters, you'll probably be better off spinning her 270 degrees to starboard. Practice pivoting your boat in open water until you get the hang of it.
Similarly, it is easier to dock a boat with a right-handed propeller portside-to (and a left-handed prop starboard side-to).
Aim for a point on the dock about a third of a boat length abaft where you want the bow to wind up. Approach at 1 to 1½ knots, at a 30- to 40-degree angle. When the bow is about a quarter of a boat length away, turn the helm hard away from the dock and simultaneously shift to reverse and throttle up sharply, enough to stop the forward motion. Then, throttle down and put her in neutral.
The cocked rudder begins to swing the bow out while the boat is still moving forward, and then the prop walk kicks the boat's stern in toward the dock. The vessel comes to a halt neatly alongside.
Sequences for docking and undocking using a walking technique on a single prop.
A word of warning: Sometimes an overzealous line handler will get a bow line to the dock while the boat is still moving forward during this maneuver. If he or someone ashore then snubs up hard on that line, the boat will stop short, the bow will abruptly smack into the dock, and the stern will swing out, ruining the approach. Instruct your crew beforehand to keep dock lines (other than an amidships-aft spring line, perhaps) on board, or at least slack, until the boat has come to a complete stop alongside.
If you must put the side of the boat to the dock that is not favored by reverse-gear prop walk, then approach at a shallower angle, say 10 degrees to 15 degrees. When the bow is about a quarter of a boat length off, turn the helm hard away from the dock, this time giving the throttle a quick burst in forward. Then, shift to reverse and give her just enough throttle to stop the boat.
The forward burst will thrust water onto the cocked rudder, giving it extra turning power, followed by the prop walk in reverse, which cancels the bow's movement away from the dock by kicking the stern out a little. Since the pivot point is about two-thirds of the boat's length forward of the stern, the boat will swing parallel to the dock as she stops.
Backing into a slip follows the same principles. By backing and filling, position the boat at a 20-degree to 40-degree angle just outside of the slip's mouth. Next, engage reverse gear and allow the prop walk to straighten the boat as she starts making sternway. Then, throttle down to idle reverse or shift to neutral to lessen or eliminate the walking, and steer with the rudder as the boat eases back into the slip.
If necessary, you can readjust the angle midway with a quick burst of power in forward (with the rudder cocked) or reverse, effectively pivoting the boat just enough to realign her with the slip.
Naturally, practice makes perfect. So, practice.
To steer a single-screw vessel in reverse, it is usually best to get her moving gradually. When possible, start with the stern at an angle to the desired direction (to starboard if the prop is right-handed, to port if it's left-handed). The prop walk will quickly correct this angle as you begin backing the boat in reverse gear.
By the time the boat straightens out, she is making sternway and the rudder begins to bite, gaining steerage. Use that force to steer opposite to the prop walk, to compensate. Once the boat is moving adequately in reverse, lower the engine rpm. This reduces the paddlewheel effect, keeps the boat moving and lets the rudder steer.
Making the most of prop walk requires understanding, timing, feel and finesse. As you practice these techniques, expect to adjust for wind, current and obstacles. Practice in open water until you're comfortable and confident, and then practice some more at wide-open, uncrowded docks with fenders down.
Using prop walk to your advantage will soon become second nature. And the more you use it, the more you will come to appreciate rather than dread it.
Tor PinneyProp WalkBasics Of Seamanshipboat handling
Writer, photographer, marine industry consultant and lifelong mariner Tor Pinney has logged more than 150,000 nautical miles under sail and power. His book Ready for Sea! How To Outfit the Modern Cruising Sailboat is available worldwide.
Boat Handling Tips for Mooring Ball Mastery
How To Maintain Focus When Docking
Big-Boat Docking: Tools and Techniques
How To Tame A Cat: Pro Tips & Techniques
Q&A: Leaky Shafts, Prop Walk & Lubes for Sliders
Prop Walk For Outboards? Not So Much
How to Maneuver Your Boat in Close Quarters
Who's Good at Boat Handling?


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Bertrand Township
Buchanan, MI
Township Board Agenda & Minutes
Planning Commission Agenda & Minutes
Election and Voter Information
Assessing Department
Community Hall Rental
Berrien County Road Commission
Bertrand History
MI Dept. of Treasury
MI Township Assoc.
SMCAS
Southwest Michigan Planning Commission
Senior Living Help
In the early 1800's Joseph Bertrand realized the potential of the land controlled by the Potawatomi Indians. Around 1804 he married Madeline Bourassa who was part Potawatomi. On an ideal piece of land south of where the Great Sauk Trail crossed the St. Joseph River and lying south of what is now Niles, Bertrand opened a trading post. Officially, in 1808, he settled here, marking the birth of "Village of Bertrand". The village grew rapidly and is said to have numbered almost 1,000 people at one time and boasted three hotels, a warehouse, seven dry-goods stores, and a post office.
By 1833 Native American trade was dwindling and land speculation promised a golden future. The Bertrand Association was formed to take advantage of this opportunity. Gradually, the village began to decline. A colorful tale in history attributes its decline to a Native American curse. The story is told that in the early 1830's a Native American was refused liquor at a local Inn and, in his rage, swore that…"South Bend will grow, Niles will grow, but Bertrand will die." Although a colorful tale, the village's downfall was because of economic, not mystic conditions. In fact, Bertrand's decline came about because the village's proprietors raised the prices of the lots too high and the Michigan Central Railroad was routed through Niles thus bypassing Bertrand.
The village declined, but Bertrand Township flourished as settlers moved in to claim land after the Chicago Treaty of 1833. In April of 1836, Bertrand Township held its first election at the new Union Hotel where Fredric Howe, originally form New York, was elected Supervisor. Until 1910 the township experienced a steady increase in population and became a main agriculture area. Over the past three decades, the population has stabilized because of the scarcity of available land.
December 12, 2021 | 2-4 pm
Buchanan, MI 49107
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How Natural Latex Rubber Is Made
Latex or natural rubber begins with the milk from the Hevea brasiliensis, the Pará rubber tree, often simply called rubber tree. These trees are mostly grown in plantations in Southeast Asia (Sri Lanka, Malaysia), Africa and India. In 1929, Dunlopillo (then known as Dunlop Rubber Company) invented latex foam. This original process, called Dunlop or Standard process, is still widely used by most latex manufacturers worldwide.
This process was improved in the early 1950′s and is known as the Talalay process. There are only 3 manufacturers worldwide that use the Talalay process and because of the more complicated manufacturing process and expensive molds, the cost to produce Talalay latex is much higher.
How Dunlop or Standard Latex Is Made
A blend of natural or natural and synthetic latex with all of the necessary additives (vulcanizing and gelling agents, anti-oxidants) is mechanically frothed with the addition of soap and air. The foam is passed through a hose into molds as they pass on a conveyor. When the molds are filled to capacity, a lid seals the foam inside and the gelling agents act to solidify it.
The molds are then carried through a steam chamber at 230°F which triggers vulcanization or curing. As they emerge from the steam chamber, the molds open and the blocks are ready to be removed, washed and dried.
How Talalay Process Latex Is Made
The latex mix is prepared and filled into the mold similar to the Dunlop process. The mold is only partially filled, depending on the hardness of the block desired. The molds are aluminum and are fitted with a large number of pins – almost 20,000 each in the lid and pan. The pins serve the dual purpose of transferring heat to the center of the block as foam rubber is a poor conductor of heat, and of creating "pinholes" which later help it to dry.
The molds are fitted with a rubber gasket seal around the perimeter and contain internal hollow channels through which glycol/water heat transfer liquid can flow.
After the mold is partially filled with liquid foam, closed and cooled, a vacuum expands the foam to its full potential. A secondary internal semi-permeable paper gasket removes excess air from the mold and the foam is frozen to -22°F. Carbon dioxide gas is then passed through the frozen matrix, which causes the foam to "set" or "gel" further. At this moment, the individual air bubles interconnect.
Once the gelling is complete, the mold is slowly heated to 230°F and held there for a few minutes. The heat vulcanizes or cures the rubber, which gives it the normal resilient properties. The products are removed from the molds, washed in water to remove residual soaps and proteins, dried and inspected according to strict European standards.
The Advantages Of Each Process
The best way we like to describe the difference in the feel between the two types of latex is Talalay is like angel food cake and Dunlop is like pound cake. The uniform, open cell structure of Talalay latex provides a consistent feel, superior resilience and durability. Because of the pin structure of the unique mold, Talalay latex is springier than Standard or Dunlop process latex. The interconnecting cell structure of Talalay latex also enhances ventilation and breathability, which means that body heat and moisture are drawn quickly through the mattress. This is why Talalay latex is preferred as the top layer and sometimes the middle layer of a latex mattress.
Standard or Dunlop latex produces a firmer mattress and can be slightly inconsistent from batch to batch. Because there is no freezing process, the pores are isolated, which creates a denser, less springy product. Dunlop latex is best suited as a core or bottom layer of a mattress but an all-Dunlop mattress works well for those that prefer a firmer or minimalistic feel in their mattress.
What About Latex Allergies?
Sometimes people is our store say they have a latex allergy or are concerned about having a reaction to latex. Actually, there is no such thing as a latex allergy – what it really is a allergic reaction to free proteins in the latex.
Washing latex mattress cores removes most of the free protein which can cause an allergic reaction to a small percentage of consumers. Unwashed latex mattress cores have been tested to have up to 773 units of protein per gram, while washed latex cores have been tested at 11.8 units of protein per gram, a 98.5% reduction in protein. Remember that protein is a touch-allergy, meaning that the skin must come into contact with it for a reaction to occur (a very small percentage of chemically-sensitive people can react to the smell of latex). A latex glove, the source of most allergic latex reactions, is around 50 units of protein per gram. Prolonged exposure to latex, wearing latex gloves for example, creates heat and carries the protein through the pores.
Not every manufacturer washes any or all of their latex products and there are no regulations for the amount of safe proteins in bedding products in the USA. All of the well-established reputable major manufacturers of latex mattresses know how their latex is processed and will be able to tell you how their latex is washed. The main concern are the many online stores that out-source their mattresses and have no knowledge or control of how the latex cores are processed.
How Can You Tell If A Latex Mattress Is Made From Synthetic Or Natural Latex?
Synthetic latex is made from petroleum-based chemicals and has a similar molecular structure as natural latex. The differences is that it lacks the proteins that can cause touch-allergic reactions in some people. It is also lighter in weight – the natural latex mattress core is 20% heavier than a synthetic mattress core of similar size and hardness.
The challenge for mattress shoppers is that it is perfectly legal and very common for mattress manufacturers to state that their mattress is made from "natural latex" when in fact it is mostly made from petrol-chemical based synthetic latex. In fact, IKEA has sold a "natural latex" mattress but has the integrity to state on their website that it is 85% synthetic latex.
Here are two ways to tell if a mattress is made from synthetic or natural latex. First, look at the law tag attached to the mattress and you might be able to see if and how much percentage of synthetic latex the mattress is made from. Second is the price – the lower the price, the more synthetic material has been used. This is also why a Certified Organic Latex mattress will cost more than a "Natural Latex" mattress as the mattress has a third-party organization that has traced the source and production of the materials used and tested the product for its purity.


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Learn laughter from little children by thinking their thoughts, dreaming their dreams and playing their games.
Develop a playful attitude toward problems; toss them around; handle them with a light touch.
Consider the power of laughter to prick the balloons of pretense and to deflate stuffed shirts.
Inject laughter into tense situations to save the day; laughter calms tempers and soothes jangled nerves.
Use laughter to set healing vibrations into motion – to fill a room with the sunshine of good cheer.
Tell the funny story on yourself to that the laugh is on you; always laugh with others never at them.
Look for the funny side of your difficulties; impersonal contemplation is the secret of laughter and perspective.
Most of all, learn to laugh at yourself; meet each day with a sense of humor.
Laughter is the best medicine for a long and happy life.
The ability to laugh at life is right at the top, with love and communication, in the hierarchy of our needs. Humour has much to do with pain; it exaggerates the anxieties and absurdities we feel, so that we gain distance and through laughter, relief.
Nonsense is an assertion of man's spiritual freedom in spite of all the oppressions of circumstance.
One loses so many laughs by not laughing at oneself.


A Rapid Action Battalion (RAB) mobile court has sealed off eight more coaching centres in Dhaka for breaching the ban on running operations during the SCC examinations, reports bdnews24.com.
The eight centres were also fined a total of Tk 20,000 during the drives at Jatrabari and Kadamtali on Monday, the RAB said in a media release.
Headed by Executive Magistrate Gausul Azam, a RAB-10 team raided the coaching centres.
These are Prevail, Samikaran, Challenger, Genuine, Best, Format, Commerce, and MR coaching centres.
The coaching centres were fined between Tk 500 and Tk 5,000.
RAB-10 deputy commander Major Ashraful Haque told bdnews24.com that they acted against the coaching centres for violating the government ban on operations during the ongoing SSC tests.
The RAB mobile court also recommended that Dhaka's district education officer take action against two teachers of Jatrabari Ideal School and College for tutoring students at home.
On Sunday, another RAB mobile court sealed off and fined 10 coaching centres at Farmgate, Dhanmondi, Mohammadpur, and Jigatala.
Eight people were also jailed for different terms.
The government has ordered all coaching centres in the country closed during the SSC and equivalent exams in a bid to prevent question paper leak.


text:
An unusual presentation of atypical fibroxanthoma
Vandergriff, Travis W;
Reed, Jon A;
Orengo, Ida F
https://doi.org/10.5070/D37zz1b41g
Travis W Vandergriff BA, Jon A Reed MD, Ida F Orengo MD
Dermatology Online Journal 14 (1): 6
Department of Pathology, Department of Dermatology, Baylor College of Medicine
Atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) is a rare cutaneous spindle-cell neoplasm. The tumor occurs most commonly in sun-damaged skin of the head and neck in elderly patients. A small subset of patients (approximately one in five cases) is middle-aged and presents with AFX of the trunk or extremities in areas without evidence of actinic damage. We report an unusual case of AFX of the lower leg in an 81-year-old woman with extensive actinic damage.
Clinical synopsis
An 81-year-old woman with a history of basal cell carcinomas of the face and extremities, numerous actinic keratoses, and melanoma in situ presented to the dermatologist for a total body skin examination. She was found to have a 6-mm dome-shaped nodule on the posterior aspect of the left lower leg. The nodule was firm and pink without ulceration, and the surrounding skin was erythematous. The patient had never noticed the nodule; she denied pain, pruritus, and bleeding. The nodule was biopsied and sent for histopathologic and immunohistochemical assessment. The biopsy showed a tumor that filled and expanded the dermis producing a nodular lesion. The tumor cells had either a spindle-shaped or larger epithelioid appearance. Many of the larger epithelioid cells were multinucleated (Fig. 1), and atypical mitotic forms were easily found. Neither keratin-pearl formation nor cytoplasmic melanin was observed. The larger epithelioid and multinucleated cells expressed CD68; the smaller spindle-shaped cells expressed Factor XIIIa (Fig. 2). Both cell populations were negative for smooth muscle actin, desmin, S100 protein, and cytokeratins. This immunophenotype is consistent with a lesion of fibrohistiocytic differentiation. The tumor was diagnosed as atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX). Mohs micrographic surgery was performed in May 2006 and no recurrence was noted in one year of followup.
The hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections show tumor cells with either a spindle-shaped or larger epithelioid appearance. Many of the larger epithelioid cells are multinucleated (Figure 1). Mitoses, including atypical forms, are easily found. Neither keratin pearl formation nor cytoplasmic melanin is observed. The smaller spindle-shaped cells express Factor XIIIa (Figure 2).
Generally considered to be part of the fibrohistiocytic family of tumors, AFX is a dermal nodule comprised of pleomorphic and atypical spindle cells with frequent mitoses, multinucleated giant cells, and a fibrous stroma [1, 2, 3, 4]. Despite its ominous and malignant-appearing profile on histology, AFX tends to follow a benign clinical course. The tumor was initially termed by one investigator as paradoxical fibrosarcoma because of the inconsistency between its histologic findings and clinical behavior [5].
Atypical fibroxanthoma classically presents as a relatively nondescript, erythematous nodule less than 2 cm in diameter; the tumor may ulcerate and bleed, but pain and pruritus are uncommon [8]. Atypical fibroxanthoma is an acquired nodule and is capable of rapid growth. Fretzin and Helwig report a median interval of 4 months between the time of onset and the time of diagnosis [2]. Based on clinical findings, the differential diagnosis of AFX includes basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), melanoma, Merkel-cell carcinoma, and pyogenic granuloma.
Several large case series have revealed a bimodal distribution of age and anatomic location of AFX [5,7,9]. The vast majority of patients is elderly (in the seventh and eighth decade) and presents with AFX of the cheek, nose or ear. These patients are almost exclusively light skinned and have evidence of actinic damage to adjacent skin [1]. A second, smaller group of patients presents in the fourth or fifth decade with AFX on the trunk or extremities in areas without sun exposure [2, 9]. The patient in our present case is unusual in two respects. First, she is elderly and has extensive sun exposure but developed an AFX on the lower leg, an uncharacteristic location for her demographic group. Second, AFX of the extremities tends to occur in skin without actinic damage; our patient has widespread actinic damage, including the skin of the extremities.
Because of the frequent occurrence of AFX on sun-damaged skin, exposure to ultraviolet radiation has long been considered a risk factor for development of AFX [2, 3]. In fact, most patients with AFX have other previously diagnosed skin cancers, including BCC and SCC [1]. Furthermore, genetic analysis of AFX tumor cells has revealed mutations of the p53 tumor-suppressor gene known to be specifically induced by ultraviolet radiation [10].
Despite its ominous genetic and histologic profile, AFX tends to follow a benign clinical course. Although these tumors may be locally aggressive, metastasis is reported in fewer than one percent of cases [11] and is typically preceded by local recurrence if surgically excised [6]. The recurrence rate of AFX after wide local excision has been reported to range from 16 to 20 percent [7,12]. Mohs micrographic surgery has emerged as a valid alternative to local excision for the treatment of AFX. Positive tumor margins—characterized by pleomorphic spindle cells and frequent mitotic figures—are readily identified on frozen sections [3,11]. The recurrence rate after Mohs micrographic surgery has been reported to range from 0 to 6.9 percent [12].
Atypical fibroxanthoma is a rare cutaneous neoplasm occurring most commonly on the head and neck in elderly light-skinned patients with actinically damaged skin. A minority of patients is middle-aged and presents with AFX on the extremities without actinic damage. We present the unusual case of an elderly woman with extensive sun exposure who developed an AFX of the leg. This case is illustrative of the principle that AFX should be considered when differentiating cutaneous nodules even in uncharacteristic demographic and anatomic distributions.
1. Seavolt M, McCall M. Atypical fibroxanthoma: review of the literature and summary of 13 patients treated with mohs micrographic surgery. Dermatol Surg 2006;32:435-441. PubMed
2. Fretzin DF, Helwig EB. Atypical fibroxanthoma of the skin. A clinicopathologic study of 140 cases. Cancer 1973;31:1541-1552. PubMed
3. Limmer BL, Clark DP. Cutaneous micrographic surgery for atypical fibroxanthoma. Dermatol Surg 1997;23:553-557. PubMed
4. Lanigan S, Gilkes J. Spectrum of atypical fibroxanthoma of the skin. J R Soc Med 1984;77 Suppl 4:27-30. PubMed
5. Leong AS, Milios J. Atypical fibroxanthoma of the skin: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study and a discussion of its histogenesis. Histopathology 1987;11:463-475. PubMed
6. Mirza B, Weedon D. Atypical fibroxanthoma: a clinicopathological study of 89 cases. Australas J Dermatol 2005;46:235-238. PubMed
7. Davis JL, Randle HW, Zalla MJ, Roenigk RK, Brodland DG. A comparison of Mohs micrographic surgery and wide excision for the treatment of atypical fibroxanthoma. Dermatol Surg 1997;23:105-110. PubMed
8. Jacobs DS, Edwards WD, Ye RC. Metastatic atypical fibroxanthoma of skin. Cancer 1975;35:457-463. PubMed
9. Longacre TA, Smoller BR, Rouse RV. Atypical fibroxanthoma. Multiple immunohistologic profiles. Am J Surg Pathol 1993;17:1199-1209. PubMed
10. Dei Tos AP, Maestro R, Doglioni C, Gasparotto D, Boiocchi M, Laurino L, Fletcher CD. Ultraviolet-induced p53 mutations in atypical fibroxanthoma. Am J Pathol 1994;145:11-17. PubMed
11. Giuffrida TJ, Kligora CJ, Goldstein GD. Localized cutaneous metastases from an atypical fibroxanthoma. Dermatol Surg 2004;30:1561-1564. PubMed
12. Huether MJ, Zitelli JA, Brodland DG. Mohs micrographic surgery for the treatment of spindle cell tumors of the skin. J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;44:656-659. PubMed
© 2008 Dermatology Online Journal
Perception of wig use in patients with hair loss
Cook, Madison K;
Larrondo, Jorge;
Feldman, Steven R;
McMichael, Amy J
Analysis of patient attitudes and behavior regarding dermatologic care during the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey-based study at a single academic institution
Gao, D X;
Kahn, J S;
Cohen, S R;
Dumont, N;
Yang, F C;
Rosmarin, D
An unexpected case of non-uremic calciphylaxis in a patient with multiple risk factors
Nugent, Shannon;
Karaisz, Fred;
Elbadawi, Maisa;
Touati, Andrew;
Nikbakht, Neda;
Lee, Jason B;
Arif, Hasan
Hitchhiking spider: a case of unilateral vasculitis
Peterson, Malina Yamashita;
Han, Joohee;
Xiong, Michelle;
Werling, Robert;
Neeley, Anne;
Scherman, Joseph;
Kozlowski, Anna
A case series of tumor necrosis factor inhibitor-induced psoriasis in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa
Kelly, Katherine A;
Edminister, John;
Pichardo, Rita O;
Feldman, Steven R


Bijapur is well known for its great historical architectures. There are many famous places to visit in Bijapur and this district still maintains its royal character. Some of the famous places you must visit are gardens and parks in Bijapur.
Gol gumbaz garden, rock hill garden in Alamatti dam, Jhansi Lakshmi Bai Park and Netaji Park are the famous parks and gardens in Bijapur district.
Gol gumbaz is the main attraction in Bijapur city. Gol gumbaz is an ancient tomb of Mohammed Adil shah who ruled this city between 1627 and 1657 and Gol Gumbaz is the second largest tomb ever built. The surroundings of this tomb have been converted into beautiful garden and reserved by the archeological department of India.
In Alamatti dam, there are about seven beautiful terrace gardens have been developed as a picnic spot in the dam area. It is one of the well maintained garden in north Karnataka and a must visit spot in Bijapur district. It is a place where nature and man skills blend perfectly to form a scenic beauty. It is the perfect place in Bijapur to have fun and party. The music fountain in Alamatti dam is one the best music fountain in Karnataka. The seven terrace gardens developed on the Alamatti dam site include Rock Garden, Mughal Garden, Krishna garden, Italian earlier style garden, Italian later style garden and French garden. There are two parks in Alamatti include Gopal Krishna Park and Lavakush Park.
It is one of the added attractions at the Alamatti dam site. This garden is spread over 33 acres with beautiful landscapes exotic plants, musical fountains, and the swift flowing Krishna. This sprawling 33 acres garden has the carvings of many wild animals and reptiles such as snakes, crocodiles, dinosaurs, monkeys, gorillas, elephants, tigers and yak. The features of this garden are the seven square terraces at different elevations connected by steps and sloping lawns in between. The water bodies and musical fountains in Moghal garden are taken in a rectangle grid iron system in each terrace. This beautiful garden offers an exciting view for visitors from the dam.
There are many attracting sectors in this garden like silver lake area, children sector, dinosaur sector, reptile sector, fair and picnic scene, animal and bird sector, butterfly sector and sunrays sector. This garden has already created lawn hedge, ground cover, a beautiful flower bed, shrub planting, herb planting and tree planting. There is a small pound with pedaling boats and herbal plants in rock garden. The rock garden depicts the various traits of modern day art, species of erstwhile era, reptile park and artificial power park will amaze the visitors.
The Italian early style garden is characterized by the fountains and this garden is connected by the pathways with avenue tree on either side from the terrace of Mughal garden. This garden is having structure like entrance pavilion, portals and rotunda of Italian architecture. It also has a dragon fountain with a proposed statue of Italian God or Goddess. Fishponds in the middle of this garden aligned perpendicular to central axis are another feature of this garden.
This garden is an improved version of Italian earlier style and the structures are of Italian architecture. This garden is connected by the Italian earlier style garden. There is a pond with two structures on either side called logia building at the entrance of this garden. Other attracting features of this Italian garden are free standing doric columns, fish rill, fountains and casino buildings.
The French Garden in Alamatti Dam is an ornamental hedge with a high raise Building in the back drop. This garden is connected by the entrance plaza and having radial path ways and water channels.
The Gopal krishna Park is just opposite to the ARBC jack well and the location of this park has its own scenic beauty. Thus the area of this place was chosen for development of garden. The theme of the park is taken from the inspiration of Krishna River. The pranks, mischief and the cleverness of Lord Krishna are exposited artistically in this garden attracts thousands of tourists. Complete area of this garden is covered with lawn hedges, flowerbeds, ground cover, shrubs and fruit yielding hybrid varieties of mango, chikoo, guava, mandarin and jackfruit, custard apple, wood apple, rose apple are planted. In addition to this Sculptures of Yashoda Krishna, Gopal Krishna, Rasaleela of Krishna, Shanka and Chakra, Krishna Gopika' s scenes are created and adorned artistically in this garden. To maintain the beauty and glory of this garden painting works and minor repairs are done frequently.
This Lavakush garden is developed mainly to attract the children by viewing the childhood activities of lavakusha. This include playing in cradle with their mother Sita, taking education with their Gurus and learning bill and bow education from their Guru Ashvamedhayaga of Rama. Another four sectors in this garden depicts the war between Lava-Kush's and Shatrughna, vanar sena and Rama. All sculptures in this garden are made by using cement and steel. Natural pavements are done along the paths and two waterfalls and water channels have been created here. The area of this garden developed with lawn, hedges, flower beds, ground cover and ornamental shrubs and shade bearing and ornamental plants. This garden has a view point of sunset and a broad view of Almatti dam.


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One Brand, Two Stories. Learn more
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Carhartt WIP presents Breton European tour
In the 8th Edition of the Carhartt WIP brandbook, Roman Rappak, singer, chief songwriter and guitarist of the British band Breton confessed: "The role of an artist, in my head, is always one of a cipher for everything that is around. You are not a spokesperson, but, rather, like a lightning rod to all kinds of different ideas."
Image #75901
(picture: Marc Sethi)
After the release of their successful debut LP Other People's Problems and an extensive tour around the globe, he and his band mates Adam Ainger, Ian Patterson, Ryan McClarnon and Daniel McIlvenny retreated in early 2013 to create their second LP War Room Stories. The album was written over the course of the last year and recorded during summer in an abandoned broadcasting building called the Funkhaus in the grimmer side of Berlin. This time Breton's own genre-splicing tendencies take root in increasingly more skilled and nuanced ways. The album opener Envy is perhaps the group's most outright 'pop' track to date, whereas first single Got Well Soon fuses glitchy synths with an undulating backbone beat. Traces of hip hop, electronica, indie, and every genre in-between interplay under tracks that are, at face value, still surprisingly accessible. Constantly challenging and pushing against the boundaries of what it means to be in a band in 2013, War Room Stories is the second chapter of a group who aren't afraid to stick their neck on the line and think about things a little differently. After their inception, Breton quickly established themselves as not only musicians but also a team of artists interested in all realms of the creative process. They produced a series of their own short films with a gritty, uncensored aesthetic, including a selection of video and sound design work for the likes of The Temper Trap, Penguin Prison, and Tricky, as well as remixes for Local Natives, Alt J, and Lana Del Rey. An intensely creative, multi-disciplinary approach that the band will continue after their European tour in cooperation with Carhartt Work In Progress.
The tour will be enriched by a Carhartt WIP Radio tour special, an exclusive interview with singer Roman Rappack as well as merchandise designed and produced by Breton and Carhartt WIP. Soon more at this point.
Carhartt WIP presents Breton European Tour:
06/02/2014 - West Rock, Cognac, France
07/02/2014 - Charada, Madrid, Spain
08/02/2014 - Be Cool, Barcelona, Spain
09/02/2014 - Bikini, Toulouse, France
10/02/2014 - Rockstore, Montpellier, France
11/02/2014 - Kao, Lyon, France
13/02/2014 - Lanificio 159, Rome, Italy
14/02/2014 - Covo, Bologna, Italy
15/02/2014 - Magnolia, Milano, Italy
17/02/2014 - Komplex Klub, Zurich, Switzerland
18/02/2014 - Les Docks, Lausanne, Switzerland
19/02/2014 - La Laiterie, Strasbourg, France
20/02/2014 - MTC, Cologne, Germany
21/02/2014 - La Condition Publique, Lille, France
23/02/2014 - Botanique, Brussels, Belgium
24/02/2014 - Uebel & Gefaehrlich, Hamburg, Germany
25/02/2014 - BETA, Copenhagen, Denmark
26/02/2014 - Privatclub, Berlin, Germany
28/02/2014 - Paradiso, Amsterdam, Netherlands
03/03/2014 - Louisiana, Bristol, UK
04/03/2014 - Soup Kitchen, Manchester, UK
05/03/2014 - Village Underground, London, UK
06/03/2014 - La Cigale, Paris, France
07/03/3014 - Le 106, Rouen, France
08/03/2014 - Le Echonova, Vannes, France
More dates in further territories to follow in March and April!
Berlin: CTM festival 2014
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text:
Celebrities Who Welcomed Their Babies to the Past Year
December 2, 2010 by Kristen Reed
37. Meghan Trainor and Daryl Sabara
You know she's all about that bass, about that bass, no treble. Meghan Trainor is one of the most well-known pop singers in recent years with her numerous hits "Lips Are Movin" and "No" both of which both did very well in the music charts.
In 2018 Trainor and husband, Daryl Sabara got married on her 25th birthday. In 2020, Trainor confirmed on The Kelly Clarkson Show that she and her husband were expecting a baby boy and in February of 2021, they welcomed him into the world.
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text:
Q: Is there any way to detect PDF/email in NetSuite Advanced PDFs? Is there any way to detect if an advanced PDF is being used as a PDF or an email in NetSuite?
I would like to format accordingly.
Something like:
<#if current_format=="email">Show some html stuff.<#else>PDF version</#if>

A: There is no 'state' information available in to the template generator that I can think of.  All it knows is the record context you(or NetSuite) gave it.
The output of the advanced template is XML regardless of its final destination. It's converted to PDF or HTMl output after having been generated.  (See: nlapiCreateTemplateRenderer() and nlapiXMLToPDF() documentation in NetSuite for more info.)
If you need to format the content differently, the simplest method is probably to use 2 separate forms.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
New wine bars to visit in Joburg this summer
Wednesday, September 15th, 2021 by Thando Ndabezitha
In the new era of prohibition, the burgeoning of wine bars is the last thing one might expect. But intrepid restaurant proprietors are doing exactly that, with Joburg appearing to become a wine bar haven.
Antonym (Parktown North)
This wine bar is Chef James Diack's latest addition to the raft of restaurants he runs on the 4th Avenue strip, which includes Il Contadino and his flagship, Coobs. Located inside Coobs, Antonym is set apart by its proudly South African vintages and pocket-friendly approach to the wine bar concept. All wines are sold by the glass, which makes it more economical for guests who maybe don't want to drink too much or are minding their budget in these tough times. Food-wine pairings are also available, as are tapas such as meatballs, chicken wings and octopus with chorizo and soft egg yolk.
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Alto234 (Sandton)
Guests can see as far as as the Magaliesberg from the rooftop at Alto234, which has been billed as Africa's highest urban bar. The Leonardo's swish new bar gave patrons a glimpse of what to expect recently, with a helicopter delivery of Moët & Chandon, Alto234's preferred champagne, prior to its opening. It's lavish, to say the least. Guests can order food from the Leonardo's fine-dining restaurant, Aurum, and 200ml champagne bottles from the bar's Moët Mini Machine. There's also an exhaustive list of wines available, ranging from boisterous Bordeaux blends and crisp whites to rosés and reds of note, such as the rich, fruity Hamilton Russell pinot noir and the plummy Kanonkop pinotage.
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Flor (Rosebank)
The wine bar is bringing an even stronger flavour of Italy to the corner of Jan Smuts Avenue and Bolton Road. The wine list is almost exclusively Italian, with neighbouring Coalition's full menu available to order. Not only can patrons look forward to wine and pizza, but they can also explore the taste of Italy with sangiovese, barbera and pinot grigio. You can order by winemaking region from the board and by the glass, so it's all completely unpretentious. South African wines are available too.
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Mr Pants (Blairgowrie)
This wine bar is here to prove that size doesn't matter. Mr Pants is billed as South Africa's smallest wine bar, but packs a mighty big punch with an impressive list of international wines, available by the glass, and fresh bagels too. Restaurateur Shayne Holt's wine bar started out teaming with local businesses while awaiting a liquor licence, and the fresh bagels from Birds Bagels turned out to be a hit. With a licence finally granted, now patrons can sample decades-old wines at pocket-friendly, by-the-glass prices. The Delta Central complex establishment may be minute, but its cellar offering is vast. Each night is full of big surprises, with Holt opening about five bottles ranging from the 90s and early 2000s – and even as far back as the 60s and 70s if you're lucky – to buy by the glass.
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Proud Mary (Rosebank)
Located at the Manhattan-style, mid-century The Bank, this wine bar's minimalist, modernist aesthetic is reflected in its décor, plating and drinks, with a strong focus on locally sourced, fresh flavours. Think champagne and mushroom risotto paired with Cape Rock grenache, coal-fired rock lobster served with sherry sabayon and triple-fried chips and paired with a robust local red, or, for the brekkie lovers, mackerel fillet eggs Benedict with creole relish, rocket and hollandaise sauce on freshly baked muffins. Yes, this ritzy restaurant on the corner of Tyrwhitt and Cradock avenues is an all-day eatery, with chef Marc Robert Proenca at its helm. Pastries and desserts are baked on the premises and a different winemaker is honoured almost each week. Throughout the month of September, spring is being celebrated with a glass of Cap Classique paired with three oysters for R150.
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