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Mayor Richardson Dilworth
Mayor Richardson Dilworth was a firm supporter of the plans to build I-95 in Philadelphia as part of his large urban renewal project. The construction of I-95 required large swaths of the city to be razed, much to the dismay of the affected residents. While Dilworth and the City Planning Commission made concessions to save some local historic landmarks, such as the Society Hill neighborhood and Elfreth's Alley, a residential street of houses dating to the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, they did not address all of the residents' concerns. In the working-class neighborhood of Southwark, plans called for the demolition of two thousand row houses, some dating to the 1790s, and threatened Gloria Dei Church, the oldest church in Pennsylvania. In 1960, Dilworth attended a meeting in Southwark, where he was heckled by 1,500 Southwark residents for his perceived lack of concern. Despite years of effort, Southwark residents were unable to alter the expressway plans significantly, and huge parts of the neighborhood were demolished in the late 1960s after Dilworth left office.
Gloria Dei (Old Swedes') Church
The earliest European settlers of the Philadelphia area were Swedes, who held the colony of New Sweden from 1638 until 1655. Though the Dutch and later the English took control of the colony, the Swedes remained in residence in the Southwark neighborhood, where they built the original Gloria Dei Church in 1677 in a renovated blockhouse. The current Gloria Dei Church building on Christian Street dates to about 1699, making it the oldest church in Pennsylvania and the second oldest Swedish church in the nation. The church is only slightly inland of the Delaware River.
When plans for I-95 were released in the 1950s, the proposed highway was precariously close to Gloria Dei. The church had already been cut off from the river by the construction of the six-lane Columbus Boulevard in the late nineteenth century. While it was ultimately spared demolition or relocation during I-95's construction, the historic church now stands wedged between the two wide highways.
Part of the Frankford El Dismantled for Construction of I-95
Construction of I-95 began in the late 1960s after a long series of delays and community protests. The construction required major changes to the city's landscape, including widespread demolition of homes along the Delaware River. Another change was the relocation of the Market-Frankford El. The El originally passed just under the Benjamin Franklin Bridge along Front Street, in the space currently occupied by I-95's twin spans. The train was repositioned to the median of the highway and the Fairmount Station stop was eliminated and replaced by Spring Garden Station, also on the highway's median. This 1970 photograph shows the original alignment of the line, at right, being dismantled as a train passes by on the new span.
I-95 Under Construction
I-95 as completed is a limited-access elevated highway. Unlike the previously built Columbus Boulevard (then known as Delaware Avenue), which is at grade level and has interchanges with local streets, I-95 is an express highway with reduced interchanges. Its construction, delayed by community protest and logistic issues until the 1970s, called for widespread demolition of existing structures and rerouting of transportation lines such as SEPTA's Market-Frankford Elevated Train. Construction in the city was slow, spanning from 1970 until 1979.
While neighborhood residents complain that the highway disconnects them from the riverfront, I-95 has proven to be a vital link between the city and nearby Bucks County. After construction of the highway, the population of Bucks County exploded, as rural land was converted into suburban residential neighborhoods. New business districts grew in the towns of Bristol and Bensalem, spurred by convenient highway access. These developments have led to debates between the suburban residents who rely on the highway and urban residents who advocate the adaptation of the Center City portion to improve the accessibility to the waterfront area.
One objection to I-95, shown here on the left next to Columbus Boulevard, is that it acts as a barrier, disconnecting the city from the Delaware River waterfront. This concern was raised from the highway's conception. From much of Old City and Society Hill, pedestrians can reach the riverfront only by using a series of bridges or a park that covers the interstate for two blocks.
Critics also contend that the Center City portion of I-95 impedes commercial and residential development of the waterfront as it acts as a "wall" between the city and the river. In 2015, a $250 million plan to cap that part of the highway with a four-acre park was under study.
The barrier effect between city and river was not exclusive to Center City. In nearby Chester, Pennsylvania, the Harrah's Casino was built on the riverfront. While it attracts a significant number of tourists to the depressed city, local business owners complain that the highway severs the casino from the rest of Chester and discourages tourists from patronizing businesses on the west side of the highway.
I-95 Viewed from South Street Pedestrian Bridge
Traffic moves north and south on I-95 as seen from the South Street pedestrian bridge. The traffic is moving on the elevated highway over part of the Southwark neighborhood that was demolished to make way for the highway construction.
The traffic on the right is moving south toward Philadelphia International Airport and the traffic at left is going toward Northeast Philadelphia and Bucks County in this photo from October 2015. (Photograph by Donald D. Groff for the Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia)
Blue Route
Crosstown Expressway
Delaware Avenue (Columbus Boulevard)
Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission
Design of Cities
Edge Cities
Northeast Philadelphia
Penn's Landing
Schuylkill Expressway
Vine Street Expressway
Is it time for I-95 overpass to go? (WHYY, March 2, 2012)
At last, breaking ground on the Pa. Turnpike to I-95 interchange (WHYY, August 5, 2013)
The City that Might Have Been: Edmund Bacon's Philadelphia (PhillyHistory.org)
Statement by the President Upon Signing the Federal Highway Act of 1958 (The American Presidency Project at the University of South Carolina Beaufort)
Inga Saffron: City's Biggest Block: The great I-95 divide (Philly.com)
"The Construction of Interstate-95: A Failure to Preserve a City's History," by Alanna C. Stewart (PDF, University of Pennsylvania)
Timeline: After 58 years Philly's about to finally fix its I-95 problem (BillyPenn.com, March 3, 2017)
Reader-Nominated Topic
Traffic moves along the eastern edge of Philadelphia on I-95 as seen from the South Street pedestrian bridge. (Photograph by Donald D. Groff for the Encyclopedia of Greater Philadelphia)
Interstate 95—known as the Delaware Expressway in the Philadelphia area—is one of the region's key transportation conduits. Running alongside the western bank of the Delaware River, it links central Philadelphia with Mercer County in New Jersey and Bucks and Delaware Counties in Pennsylvania. Conceived and built in an era when planners promoted automobile traffic above all other considerations, I-95 has played a vital role in Greater Philadelphia's highway network. Yet its history also reveals the costs and benefits of auto-dependent transportation, as individual convenience and economic growth were weighed against neighborhood and environmental destruction.
I-95 featured prominently in Mayor Richardson Dilworth's urban renewal project for Philadelphia. His plans angered residents of neighborhoods, like Southwark, affected by the highway. (PhillyHistory.org)
Planners had been proposing highways through the Philadelphia metropolitan area for decades before construction on I-95 began in 1959. Philadelphia's City Planning Commission issued a design for an expressway along the Delaware River in the late 1930s, but those plans were scrapped due to concerns that it would interfere with the city's shipping industry. After World War II, the Pennsylvania Department of Highways approved similar plans, this time for a toll-funded turnpike. With the passage of the 1956 Federal-Aid Highway Act, the federal government promised to fund ninety percent of the $200 million project, which would be built under direction of local agencies, including the Southeastern Pennsylvania Regional Planning Commission, Pennsylvania's Department of Highways, and Philadelphia's City Planning Commission and Department of Streets.
Designed as part of a planned loop of expressways around central Philadelphia, I-95 was intended to link the city's riverfront with its factories and airport. The City Planning Commission argued that the expressway would "become in effect the conveyor belt of Philadelphia as a producing unit…it will provide access to the piers and the warehouses essential for operation of the port." Planners also hoped that new highways would encourage people to drive downtown from the suburban fringe, helping to revitalize Philadelphia's urban core. Highway planning gave precedence to suburban automobiles—not urban residents or pedestrians. As City Planning Commission Executive Director Edmund Bacon (1910-2005) remarked, "We think it better not to fight with the automobile…but rather to treat it as an honored guest and cater to its needs."
When Pennsylvania's Department of Highways unveiled its plans for the expressway in the late 1950s, city residents who lived in its path reacted with outrage. Middle-class residents of Society Hill, a historic area just beginning to undergo revitalization, organized to fight the expressway by forming the Committee to Preserve Philadelphia's Historic Gateway. The committee proposed that I-95 should be built below street grade with a cover to block it from view and preserve pedestrian access to the river. After many years of wrangling, the state agreed to an amended plan in 1969. Instead of a continuous six-block cover, the expressway would be covered in two sections: one from Delancey to Dock Streets and another from Gatzmer to Chestnut Streets.
In Southwark, a working-class neighborhood on the South Philadelphia riverfront, construction of the expressway would prove more destructive. Plans necessitated the demolition of nearly 2,000 row houses and threatened the historic Gloria Dei (Old Swedes') Church. In 1960, Mayor Richardson Dilworth (1898-1974) was heckled by 1,500 angry Southwark residents when he attended a neighborhood forum to discuss the highway. The community's protests proved ineffective, however. Unlike the well-connected residents of Society Hill, they were unable to modify the proposed expressway. In 1966, demolition began in Southwark, where I-95 soon became a physical barrier between residents and the riverfront which had once provided jobs for thousands of area longshoremen.
Construction of I-95 was a massive project that took over a decade to complete. While some city residents complain that it disrupts urban life, it remains a vital link between Philadelphia and its suburbs. (Special Collections Research Center, Temple University Libraries)
While the first section of I-95—a six-mile stretch from Bucks Country to Woodhaven Road in Northeast Philadelphia—opened in 1964, delays continued to plague the project. There were contentious battles over where to place entrance and exit ramps in Central and South Philadelphia. Scores of protesters in Philadelphia's Port Richmond neighborhood blockaded the off-ramp at Allegheny Avenue in 1969. The Philadelphia Inquirer quipped in 1970 that China's Great Wall had been "built by hand at an average of 31 miles a year" while the Delaware Expressway was "being built by machine at an average of 2.9 miles a year." At that glacial pace, I-95 was finally completed in 1979 (with the exception of a short segment near Philadelphia International Airport, finished in 1985).
Residents of New Jersey's Mercer and Somerset Counties were even more dogged in their resistance to the expressway during the 1970s. Worried that I-95 would bring undesirable development to pastoral Princeton, Hopewell, and Montgomery Townships, wealthy residents banded together to fight the planned highway. In 1983, plans for the final segment of I-95 were scrapped; the expressway, designed to run continuously from Maine to Florida, stopped in central New Jersey. Drivers heading north from Pennsylvania towards New York City were forced to turn onto I-295 south when I-95 ended near Lawrence Township, New Jersey. In 2010, work began on a new link between I-95 and the Pennsylvania Turnpike in Bucks County, which would allow drivers to bypass the interrupted section of I-95 in Mercer County. When completed, the project would finally provide an unbroken highway connection between Philadelphia and New York.
The Philadelphia segment of I-95 was constructed along the Delaware River from 1970 to 1979. Some city residents complain that the highway cuts the city off from the waterfront and inhibits development in nearby neighborhoods. (PhillyHistory.org)
Opposition aside, I-95 ultimately became a vital connection between Philadelphia and its neighboring cities and suburbs. The construction of the highway helped accelerate growth in Bucks County, where the population grew by thirty percent from 1980 to 2012. Developers built sprawling suburbs on former farmland. New business parks sprung up near I-95 exits in Bensalem and Bristol, and by 2009, nearly 30,000 Philadelphia residents commuted out of the city daily to jobs in the area. Traffic on I-95 grew along with Bucks County. In 1989, 90,000 vehicles per day used the expressway in Pennsylvania. By 2010, the same stretch carried 136,000 cars and 19,000 trucks per day.
In the 2000s, I-95 came under criticism again—yet this time, its detractors were not neighborhood residents, but urbanists concerned with environmental and lifestyle issues. Many Philadelphia planners argued that covering or removing the expressway would restore waterfront access and create acres of new valuable real estate. Inga Saffron (b. 1957), architecture critic for the Philadelphia Inquirer, summed up planners' views in 2007 when she wrote that "Interstate 95 must change. Simple as that… .Bury it. Narrow it. Put a deck over it. Just get it out of our sight." The debate over the future of I-95 exposed the growing rift between car-dependent suburbanites and city residents who valued walkability and recreational amenities.
Bauman, John F. "Expressways, Public Housing, and Renewal: A Blueprint for Postwar Philadelphia, 1945-1960," Pennsylvania History 57, no. 1 (January 1990): 44-65.
Kyriakodis, Harry. Philadelphia's Lost Waterfront. Charleston: The History Press, 2011.
Mohl, Raymond A. "Stop the Road: Freeway Revolts in American Cities," Journal of Urban History 30, no. 5 (July 2004): 674-706.
Rose, Mark H. and Raymond A. Mohl. Interstate: Express Highway Politics, 1939-1989, Rev. ed. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1990
Records of the Pennsylvania Department of Highways, Pennsylvania State Archives, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
Citizens' Council on City Planning Records, Urban Archives, Temple University, Philadelphia
South Street pedestrian bridge, Front and South Streets, Philadelphia.
Korean War Memorial Park, Society Hill I-95 overpass, Front and Spruce Streets, Philadelphia.
FDR Park Skate Park, 1500 Pattison Avenue, South Philadelphia.
Grand article that does not come close to describing the development of this project, tho it does a decent job of describing some of the contention & delays. There IS NOT, even today, "an unbroken highway connection between Philadelphia and New York".
In 1974, I was a 16-year-old new driver. I-95 was opened, then ripped up and rebuilt. I remember driving on it thru this construction. Your 1979 year probably reflects the completion of this 2nd round of construction, which at the time was attributed to "using the wrong concrete" by one contractor, probably Tony Soprano (LOL).
Since then, I-95 thru Philly has been under construction, continuously, even up to the day I am writing this. You can get in your car right now, and drive thru the construction.
I love Philly, but it is corrupt — to the core!
Joseph Argenio Posted October 27, 2016 at 5:30 pm


Participation of leading research centres and manufacturing companies from Russia and abroad in the trade show testifies to a high standing of the key industry event. Photonics 2017 became a unique platform to showcase the latest products to a wide audience, search for suppliers, and sign contracts.
Russian companies: Shvabe Holding, Roselectronics (Rostec), Inject Enterprise, LOMO, NPK SPP, Perm Scientific and Industrial Instrument Making Company, Shipbuilding & Shiprepair Technology Center, IRE-Polus, Ioffe Institute, ITMO University, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Russian Research Institute for Optical and Physical Measurements, Avesta Project, Bulat, Laser Center, Lasery i Apparatura (Lasers and Hardware) Group, FORC-Photonics, MacroOptica, Electronics, T8, and others.
To see the full schedule of associated events, go to http://www.photonics-expo.ru/en/event/.
Find more feedback from participants here.
The next edition of Photonics. World of Lasers and Optics is to run from 27 February through 2 March, 2018 at Expocentre Fairgrounds.


Welcome to the Amateur Senior Tour, sponsored by Function 18. For years the Men's Professional Senior Tour has started at 50 with Amateur Senior Events at 55, not anymore with the launch of this Tour.
Starting in April 2019 anyone over 50 (Men Only) will be eligible to take part in a series of events like the Pro Tour to determine the the Order Of Merit Champion.
The Tour starts on 15th April at Hesketh Golf Club with some fine courses throughout the season including Aberdovey, Caldy and Burnham & Berrow.
· 11 Events in the first year including Tour Final.
Order of Merit Champion will have choice of free entry to any Sean Coyle Multi Day Events including Southport Coast Links Championship & Fairway Algarve Championship.
More details shortly on www.seancoylegolfevents.com and www.southportcoastchampionship.co.uk.


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Home | U.S. News
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Trump's Spine-chilling Trip to the Great Unknown Gets Underway
One rash decision by the impulsive and short-tempered new president will suffice to incinerate the planet.
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U.S. President-elect Donald Trump and his wife Melania arrive at Joint Base Andrews outside Washington, U.S. January 19, 2017, one day before his inauguration as the nation's 45th president. Credit: JONATHAN ERNST/REUTERS
The inauguration of Donald Trump, if one wants to be positive, is worthy of the famous Star Trek opener: "To explore strange new worlds, to boldly go where no man has gone before." For others, more pessimistic perhaps, the Twilight Zone may be more appropriate. After Trump's inauguration on Friday, the world is headed for a place "between light and shadow, between science and superstition." For many it is a one-way journey, as Rod Serling would put it, to "the pit of one's fears."
Jews have a critical role in resisting the Trump administration
God bless America, God save us all
He's a monster. And now he's president of the United States
One thing is for certain: no one knows what the future holds, not today, not tomorrow, not next week and not next month. All the analysts, experts and commentators are clueless: we are all headed for the great unknown.
It is a unique moment in modern history. On the steps of the Capitol, at high noon, Chief Justice John Roberts will swear in Donald Trump as the 45th president of the United States, while most of the world - including many Americans - look on in disbelief. Trump, a clown, a cheat and a charlatan; an inarticulate, uncouth misogynist; a man who has very little knowledge and even less inhibitions; who heaps abuse on others but is outraged by the slightest slight; whose ego is as big as his intellect is small; who vanquished his Republican rivals, contrary to expectations, and polished off Hillary Clinton, against all odds - this is the man who will soon be the most powerful on earth, a leader who, with one rash decision, can incinerate the planet and annihilate the human race.
The Age of Uncertainty - this was the title chosen by economist John Kenneth Galbraith for his television series and subsequent book about the gaps between the certain capitalism of the 19th century and the muddled economic thinking of the 1970s. "Uncertainty," of course, is an understatement when one factors in current global instability, economic uncertainty, the political earthquake shaking Western democracies and the inauguration of an American president whose experience is lacking, whose knowledge is minimal and whose judgment is in doubt. It's not uncertainty we're dealing with, but fear and dread of chaos and confusion.
The transition between governments that are ideological opposites often sparks anxiety. When Barack Obama took over from George Bush in 2008, conservatives - and racists - were appalled. When Bush replaced Bill Clinton in 2000, especially after a questionable victory in Florida, liberals were beside themselves. If Clinton had lost to Marco Rubio or Jeb Bush, or even to ultra-conservatives such as Ted Cruz or Mike Pence, Democrats and the American left would be mortified, proclaiming the end of the world as we know it. But everyone would know that in the end, the American republic would emerge unscathed and the end of the world wasn't just around the corner.
In a democracy, regime change is carried out according to accepted rules of the game, with which Trump may not be familiar with, and even if he is, he may not care about. Trump knows only one game, prominent on apartment buildings from Chicago to Dubai, on hotels from New York to Azerbaijan, in golf resorts from Ireland to Miami, on vodka, ice, perfume, modeling agencies, sham universities and what not: for Trump, the name of the only game in town is Trump. He is the source and there is no other. He doesn't need briefings, he can do without studying; he has no respect for experts and no regard for precedent; he relies on his instinct, even if it tells him today something completely different than it did yesterday.
Just as all the predictions about Trump before the elections were proven wrong, so was the assumption that after his victory he will become moderate, come to his senses and start behaving like a president-elect. Instead, Trump still lashes out on Twitter like a troubled teen, as he did during the campaign. He still wastes his energy on meaningless fights with cultural heroes, like Meryl Streep and John Lewis. He still feels more comfortable being petty than seeing the bigger picture - though that might be a blessing. In the few times he has ventured out to the world Trump has damaged America's foreign relations, way before his furniture was unloaded at the White House. China is already fuming, Europe is crushed and NATO leaders are looking for the nearest exit.
The confusion is compounded by the fact that so many of Trump's cabinet appointees espouse policies that seem to be diametrically opposed to his. While Trump continues to suck up to Vladimir Putin, his national security team, with the exception of National Security Adviser Michael Flynn, refers to Russia as rival and enemy: UN Ambassador-designate Nikki Haley accused Moscow on Wednesday of war crimes. And even that is small change compared to the startling revelation that the candidate for secretary of state, Rex Tillerson, hadn't spoken to Trump about Russia or that homeland security secretary nominee John Kelly hasn't talked to him about immigration. Under these circumstances, go figure in what direction the administration could fly off, even in the most general terms.
A similar muddle exists, amazingly, in what was supposed to be the first order of business for a Republican Congress and White House: the repeal of Obama Care. After six years of lambasting the Affordable Care Act as the manifestation of all evil and countless sworn oaths to do away with it as soon as possible, it turns out that the GOP doesn't have a plan, doesn't even have a clue, and that its leaders are pulling in each and every direction. Only now, astounding as it may sound, are Republicans realizing that quitting Obama Care will erase health insurance for 18 million people, a move that could spark public outcry. Small wonder that for the first time since it was enacted in 2010, more people think it was a good idea than those who don't.
Then there is the issue of appointments, especially in the national security arena. Turns out that Trump didn't think he was going to win the elections, so neither he nor his advisers had bothered to prepare a cadre of professionals to man the scores of jobs opening in the National Security Council and other areas. And of those in the pipeline, only a few have the requisite security clearance. Among veteran Republican pros that do, there is great reluctance to join the Trump administration. And amidst all this, hard to believe, Trump has ordered all American ambassadors abroad to leave their posts immediately, rather than having them stay at their jobs until their replacements are named. Small wonder that Vice President-elect Mike Pence announced on Thursday that 40-50 Obama administration officials would be asked to stay on to ensure a proper transition, which, translated, means to ensure that the Trump administration won't collapse straightaway. Someone, after all, needs to be able to tell the difference between Afghanistan and Azerbaijan or Hamas and Hezbollah.
Many Trump supporters are convinced that he will get over these minor obstacles and take charge soon after the inauguration; they don't believe the alarming reports in the "mainstream media" anyway. But some are starting to get disillusioned: Trump's approval ratings have been steadily dropping. Among those that didn't vote for him, and who see his election as a travesty, panic is setting in.
Fear, in any case, probably won't be the main emotion felt on Friday by the millions of Obama and Clinton supporters who will watch the ceremony at the Capitol, or of those who will make a point of not watching it. Many of them have yet to digest the fact that Trump won the elections, never mind that he is actually taking the oath of office. But even those who have accepted his victory won't easily overcome their feelings of disgust. Even if turns out that Trump is indeed a great manager and an accomplished deal-maker, even if the world accepts his behavior and Congress will do his bidding, it will still be hard to come to terms with the fact that this man, with his deplorable traits, will henceforth be included in the same list as George Washington, Abe Lincoln, Franklin Roosevelt and John Kennedy. It's an insult to America, no less than it is so to the world's intelligence.

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Theater|TONI MORRISON TRIES HER HAND AT PLAYWRITING
https://nyti.ms/29wPPOK
TONI MORRISON TRIES HER HAND AT PLAYWRITING
By Margaret Croyden
December 29, 1985, Section 2, Page 6Buy Reprints
When Toni Morrison, author of the best seller ''Tar Baby'' and winner of a National Book Critics award for ''Song of Solomon,'' accepted the Albert Schweitzer Professorship of the Humanities at the State University of New York at Albany, she expected to lead the proverbially quiet life of an academic - teaching writing and writing fiction. Instead she found herself deeply involved in the theater, as a playwright.
Her drama, ''Dreaming Emmett,'' commissioned by the New York State Writers Institute at SUNY-Albany and directed by Gilbert Moses, will have its world premiere Saturday at the Market Theater there. It will be produced, in conjunction with the Writers Institute and SUNY's Capital District Humanities Program, by the Capital Repertory Company, a resident theater founded by Peter Clough and Bruce Bouchard.
The theme of ''Dreaming Emmett'' derives from the case, notorious 30 years ago, of a black 14-year-old Mississippi youth named Emmett Till who apparently whistled or made remarks to a white woman that were interpreted as sexual insults. He was beaten and killed, and his alleged murderers, white men, were acquitted by an all-white jury. The case became a worldwide symbol of Southern racism, a spark that helped ignite the civil rights movement. The production will commemorate the first celebration of the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s birthday as a national holiday.
This venture into theater is a brave act for a novelist, even for one so distinguished as Toni Morrison. Not only does any new play invite sharp scrutiny at a time when serious drama is in decline, but novelists turned dramatists have historically failed in their efforts to move from printed page to the boards.
Asked about this in a recent interview, Miss Morrison laughed and replied: ''Oh, I'm aware of the situation all right. I know it's odd. I keep asking Bill Kennedy'' - the Pulitzer Prize-winning author who created the Writers Institute - ''to find one American who wrote novels first and then successful plays. Just one. And neither he nor I could come up with any one American. Even Henry James was a failure. He tried it three times and each time it was worse than the other. But I feel I have a strong point. I write good dialogue. It's theatrical. It moves. It just doesn't hang there. Besides I have Gilbert Moses. And I have great respect for him as a stage director.''
Although she has been writing novels her entire adult life, Miss Morrison knows the world of theater and film. Several years ago she wrote the lyrics for a musical, ''New Orleans,'' which was done as a workshop production at the Public Theater in New York, and recently she completed a screenplay based on her novel ''Tar Baby.'' Much of her writing was accomplished during her 20 years as an editor for Random House, where she championed the work of some of the country's foremost black writers. She wrote her novels at night, after her two sons were in bed and household chores were done. Of late she has been involved in a new novel, ''Beloved,'' a project temporarily put aside during the work on ''Dreaming Emmett.''
The idea for ''Dreaming Emmett'' came to Miss Morrison two years ago, before she went to Albany. It was conceived, she said, ''not as a novel, or an essay, but as a play. I wanted to see a collision of three or four levels of time through the eyes of one person who could come back to life and seek vengeance. Emmett Till became that person.'' But the play remained unfinished. Only when Tom Smith, associate director of the Writers Institute, and Mr. Kennedy said they would pay for the commission to finish the play did she complete it.
The institute, originally funded from Mr. Kennedy's MacArthur Foundation award, recently achieved permanent support from New York State and thus had the resources to become a co-producer of ''Dreaming Emmett'' with the Capital Repertory Company. Mr. Kennedy and his colleagues at the institute are very concerned with playwriting, not just fiction, and they hope to establish an extensive theater program in the future.
What convinced them that Miss Morrison could come up with an effective play? ''Sheer intuition,'' said Tom Smith. ''There are two things. One is how theatrical she is when she reads from her works and gives lectures. In teaching her books to my students I had been reading them aloud in class and was stuck by how marvelous some of the scenes were as scenes, especially in 'Song of Solomon.' And then she was here on campus.'' Mr. Smith is aware of the history of writers ''trying to go from fiction to theater. So it seemed a risk, yes, but it was the kind of thing that we wanted to do, risk or no. I think it was the sheer presence of Toni herself that convinced us.''
Bruce Bouchard and Peter Clough of the Capital Repertory Company agree. ''It was funny the way it all happened,'' said Mr. Clough. ''We were sitting around in a restaurant one night, Kennedy, Smith and ourselves, and Toni summarized the play. She talked for 45 minutes about how she would treat the story and how she imagined the dream . . . We had never become committed to anything that quickly before, but that night we did.'' Mr. Bouchard added: ''Toni is like an actress. We fell under her spell. When she speaks, you listen.''
In Miss Morrison's play, Emmett Till is intended to symbolize the plight of contemporary black urban youth - their disproportionately high rate of death by violence. Like many Americans, Miss Morrison is deeply perturbed by this tragedy of anonymous and wasted Emmett Tills.
''There are these young black men getting shot all over the country today, not because they were stealing but because they're black,'' she said. ''And no one remembers how any of them looked. No one even remembers the facts of each case. Certain things were nagging at me for a long time -the contradictions of black people, the relationships between black men and women, between blacks and whites, the differences between 1955 and 1985.
''And what is this about anyhow, this whistling at a woman? Is it the rite of passage or what? Why was it such an important thing for the boy to do? He thought it was a male thing. The white men understood that, too. It was a male rite of passage that all men understand. But the interesting thing is that the men accused of the murder had a store right in the middle of the black area, and they prided themselves as having that ability to work with and among blacks, and they didn't want to lose that status. If this boy got away with this offense, then their reputation among white people as 'handling' blacks would be threatened.''
These are among the questions Miss Morrison raises in her play in a complex nonnaturalistic form. The characters and the action shift back and forth in time and place, and there is a play within a play. The nonlinear story involves an anonymous black boy who was murdered. In a dream state he suffers the pain of remembering his death 30 years before. Seeking revenge and a place in history, he summons up the perpetrators of his murder, as well as his family and friends, all to be characters in his dream. But his ghosts refuse to be controlled by his imagination; all see the past in their own way, as the boy doggedly searches for a meaning to his death - and thereby his life. At one point he is challenged by a member of his imaginary audience, a black woman who rejects his dream and provokes a confrontation on sexual issues.
The play as a whole raises questions about history. Can the murder of a Mississippi boy 30 years ago be a shared collective nightmare of the American soul, black and white? Is the past too different from the present for any generation ever to perceive the past? Is history a ''dream'' that produces only ambiguity and forgetfulness?
No simple answers are suggested. ''There are no good guy or bad guys,'' says Tom Smith. ''They all have their own dreams. The text deals with layers of human experience in human terms rather than in philosophical or abstract terms.''
Nor is the play political or factual; it is not a docudrama. ''I like to make up stuff,'' says Miss Morrison. ''I take scraps, the landscapes of something that happened, and make up the rest. I'm not interested in documentaries. I'm not sticking to the facts. What is interesting about the play is the contradiction of fact. 'Dreaming Emmett' is really that. It's about dreaming up those characters.''
William Kennedy considers Miss Morrison's conception ''very original. It's poetry of a certain kind of violence. Toni has been able to take one of the toughest themes, child murder, and make it the subject of a retrospective history. It puts Till's death in a totally different context. By the time the play is over, everyone has a new perception about what the reality was; a great many revelations take place and a great many reversals.''
The staging was entrusted to Gilbert Moses, a good friend of Miss Morrison with whom she had long wanted to collaborate. The challenge for Mr. Moses - who had staged Amiri Baraka's ''Slave Ship'' and more recently two segments of the television series ''Roots'' - was to create an effective theatrical experience out of a script that suggested the strong imagery that is such a notable feature of Miss Morrison's novels, to find theatrical metaphors to express the painful themes and ambiance of the drama.
For the set, the designer Dale Johnson, in collaboration with Mr. Moses, created a nonrepresentational image of an abandoned cotton mill that is supposed to suggest malevolence. Portions of the stage will physically move ''to allow for a change in perception,'' Mr. Moses explained. Actors will stand and talk on moving platforms, so that the central character ''can control the stage when he controls his dream.'' At times actors wear masks to show how a face appears to a child or to the world. Props such as a vintage jukebox bring to mind black urban life in the 1950's in contrast to the 1985 language and sensibility of the main character. ''The images are all indicated in Toni's writing,'' Mr. Moses said, ''so that I could dream just what Toni dreamed and that would be my contribution to the dream.''
Miss Morrison, who has been attending rehearsals, finds working in the theater intriguing, especially in comparison with writing fiction. ''The play is both more and less,'' she said. ''It's less in the setting of a mood and in manipulating the readers. In the novel one has control of everything. Giving that up in a play is not pleasant for me. But on the other hand, there is a thing that happens on the stage. After giving up control, you see the manifestation of the work through somebody else's mind . . . Like going to auditions. Everyone reads the lines in a different way. When I read the lines, I hear only my voice. When you hear the actresses and actors read they give new meanings to the lines and so the texture of the play changes. But in a novel, I only hear it one way, through my voice.''
Toni Morrison's voice has been a powerful one in literature. Those working with her on ''Dreaming Emmett'' feel that she will now also be a powerful theatrical voice.


text:
With less than 1 percent of the population estimated to be HIV-positive, Egypt is a low-HIV-prevalence country. However, between the years 2006 and 2011, HIV prevalence rates in Egypt increased tenfold. Until 2011, the average number of new cases of HIV in Egypt was 400 per year. But, in 2012 and 2013 it increased to about 600 new cases and in 2014 it reached 880 new cases per year. According to UNAIDS 2016 statistics, there are about 11,000 people currently living with HIV in Egypt. The Ministry of Health and Population reported in 2020 over 13,000 Egyptians are living with HIV/AIDS. However, unsafe behaviors among most-at-risk populations and limited condom usage among the general population place Egypt at risk of a broader epidemic.

Among officially reported cases, heterosexual intercourse is the primary mode of transmission of HIV (49.1 percent), followed by homosexual intercourse (22.9 percent), renal dialysis (12 percent), and blood transfusion (6.2 percent), according to the National Aids Program (NAP) in an official report issued in January 2008. Males are four times more likely to have HIV than females, but this may be due to more men being tested than women. Other people likely to be exposed to HIV in Egypt include street children, prisoners, and refugees. A United States Agency for International Development (USAID) funded Biological-Behavioral Surveillance Survey was conducted by the Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP) to explore HIV prevalence rates among most-at-risk groups. The survey targeted street children, female sex workers (FSWs), men who have sex with men (MSM), and injecting drug users (IDUs). The study identified an infection rate of 6.9 percent and 7.7 percent in MSM and intravenous drug users respectively. These statistics fuel some of the hypotheses that there is a concentrated HIV epidemic occurring in Egypt among high-risk groups, but due to social stigma and lack of prevalence data, it is not acknowledged. Nonetheless, over time, the Egyptian government has made efforts to improve the lives of people with HIV and AIDS in the country.

History
Egypt reported its first case of HIV/AIDS in 1986. This was about the same time that other countries in the Middle East and North Africa region also started seeing their first cases of HIV. In 1987, one year after the discovery of the disease in Egypt, the National Aids Program (NAP) in Egypt was formed. By March 1993, there were 359 people infected with HIV. In 1990, the NAP tested over 135,000 blood bags and only four were HIV positive. Still, many of the early cases came from infected blood products or dialysis. In 1993, approximately 60 kidney dialysis patients became infected with HIV, while in 1997 about 20 people became HIV positive from infected blood transfusions.

Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region
In the early 1990s several studies suggested that there was overall a very low, presence of HIV in the MENA region. By the end of 1996 only 27,000 people in the region died of HIV related causes while in Europe and sub-Saharan Africa that number was 170,000 and 4.6 million respectively. But, over time, research revealed that there were more HIV cases in the region than accounted for. Still, the HIV prevalence rate in MENA is less than that of tuberculosis and diabetes. In 2009, the United Nations Development Program placed the MENA region in the lowest category for antiretroviral therapy (ART) access in the years 2003–2006, but access has improved over time. Even though great progress has been made in the HIV continuum and the general understanding of the disease globally, progress in the MENA region has been limited due to lack of data and surrounding controversy. While it is estimated that only two percent of people with HIV are from the MENA area, the region has one of the fastest growing epidemics. Initially, many people were unconcerned about the disease due to its stigmatization, allowing the HIV epidemic to become more of an issue as time progressed. This is especially true in the MENA region where people thought, and some still do, that HIV only effects marginalized groups such as MSM and IDUs. Thus, those who didn't identify with these groups dismissed HIV as an insignificant issue.

HIV transmission and prevention
In Egypt, HIV is most prevalent in high risk groups including street children, female sex workers (FSWs), men who have sex with men (MSM), and injecting drug users (IDUs). Globally, the average percentage of HIV infections through blood transfusions/products is only 5 percent. However, in Egypt, about 24 percent of all its known HIV cases are from infected blood products. There have also been five outbreaks in renal dialysis because of unsterile equipment. While the MOHP established an infection control program in 2003, controlling these infections is still challenging due to lack of training, proper equipment, and the fragile Egyptian health care system. In regards to intravenous drug use, between 16 percent and 41 percent of recreational drug users in Egypt use injected drugs, and about half of those have shared or reused syringes. One study explored sexual relations within the Egyptian population to determine prominence of HIV transmission and found that of the 74 percent in the study that were sexually active, 15 percent had more than three partners in the last month and 58 percent had never used a condom. About 26 percent of all HIV cases in Egypt occur in MSM and studies conducted by the NAP revealed very low rates of condom usage, along with multiple sexual partners among the MSM population. Additionally, many of the transmission cases are due to disease and to foreigners visiting or citizens living outside of the country, fueling some people's beliefs that HIV is a western disease. Although HIV prevention is not as comprehensive in Egypt as other parts of the world, the conservative religious beliefs in the country, both of the Muslim majority and the Coptic minority, provide their own form of protection. For instance, they frown upon promiscuity, homosexuality, and sex before marriage. These religious norms, along with widespread male circumcision, have resulted in decreased HIV transmission rates. However, over-reliance on the protection created by religious and cultural values has made HIV stigma and denial a problem. The protection that these values provide is counterbalanced by the stigma and discrimination that accompany those who defy these boundaries, leading to less HIV testing and treatment. Thus, the overall net impact on prevention is modest.

Societal stigma
Egypt still faces several challenges in maintaining low prevalence of HIV/AIDS. There is a general reluctance on the part of the government and civil society to discuss issues related to marginalized groups such as MSM, FSWs, and IDUs. The conservative nature of Egyptian society stigmatizes these high-risk groups, making HIV surveillance studies in Egypt more difficult. The General Penalties Laws in Egypt criminalize commercial sex work and intravenous drug use, as many other countries do. However, there are also other laws that criminalize homosexual activity, stating that it is inappropriate social conduct and an insult to religion. In some parts of Egyptian society, it is considered immoral to have HIV. Additionally, the mortality of people with HIV only seemed to justify the conservative society's view of homosexuality and promiscuity as sinful actions. These views further the cloud of stigma and shame associated with having HIV in Egypt and prevent people from utilizing the HIV testing services.

In addition, there a lack of effective STI/HIV/AIDS education programs and other preventive measures, such as peer education, outreach work, and behavior change communications among at-risk groups. This stems from the lack of overall knowledge about the disease. According to recent studies, there is an imminent need for improved education of healthcare workers about HIV/AIDS in Egypt. Specifically, a 2016 study performed at Tanta University Hospital in Tanta, Egypt revealed that there were high levels of discrimination and stigma against people living with HIV among health care workers. Overall, of the 310 studied participants, 40 percent said that they would be worried about providing care to HIV patients. About 21.3 percent said they would be worried about touching cloths of patients with HIV, 27.4 percent said they'd be scared to get blood samples from people with HIV, and 26.4 percent said they'd be worried to dress HIV patients' wounds. Additionally, 34.8 percent of the physicians studied and 65.8 percent of the nurses believed that irresponsible behavior led to patients' HIV infections.

A collaboration between UNAIDS, the Egyptian Ministry of Health, and numerous Egyptian universities was established to help better train medical personnel to deal with the disease, as a way to fight the present stigma and misconceptions. Additionally, the lack of knowledge about the disease among Egyptian youth has the potential of greatly broadening the epidemic. In 2010, there were over 1,500 Egyptian youth (ages 15–24) with HIV. While only 11% of HIV cases in Egypt are among the youth, the early average age of sexual initiation, and increasing tendencies of premarital sex could augment these rates.

HIV testing and treatment
Because of the stigma around the disease, many people in Egypt are afraid to get tested for HIV. In the years before 2004, the majority of HIV cases recorded in Egypt were due to mandated testing, such as for blood donors, foreigners staying in the country for more than six months, and citizens applying for permits to work overseas. Even though voluntary testing was available, people were discouraged from utilizing these services because of the requirement that those who tested positive be identified and reported to the MOHP. According to UNAIDS statistics, about 6,500 people know of their HIV positive status, which is 57 percent of those who are infected. In 2005, the MOHP, with the help of Family Health International (An Egyptian organization funded by U.S. Agency for International Development), established a system of voluntary confidential counseling and testing (VCCT) for anonymous testing, which encouraged more people to find out their HIV status. Moreover, many people who get diagnosed with Tuberculosis get tested for HIV. More specifically, in 2010 about half of the TB patients got tested for HIV. Currently, less than 1 percent of adult TB patients are HIV-positive. However, continued monitoring is necessary because an increase in the incidence of HIV-TB co-infection could add to the complexity of fighting both diseases in Egypt.

By the end of 2006, according to UNAIDS, 22 percent of HIV-infected women and men were receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). In 2014, about 1,323 people received ART treatment. In 2016, that number increased to 3,100 people, which is about 27 percent of the infected population. In 2010, a qualitative study was conducted to gather data about ART adherence and limitations. They interviewed 27 HIV positive Egyptian women who had been receiving ART for at least three months. The results showed that there were five key factors that served as obstacles to adherence to treatment, which were "fear of stigma, financial constraints, characteristics of ART, social support, and reliance on faith."

National response

National Aids Program (NAP)
The NAP is the official governmental body responsible for HIV/AIDS prevention. Its goal is to maintain the low prevalence of HIV/AIDS and improve health care services for those infected or affected by the disease. It performs blood screening, provides free antiretorviral therapy (ART) for those infected, encourages HIV testing, and provides support for those with HIV and their families. The organization also aims to raise awareness about HIV in the general public and among high risk groups, using mass media as one of the means of doing so. Additionally, they established anonymous hotlines, distributed condoms, and partnered with various non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The NAP formed the National Strategic Plan (2006–2010) to build on the successes of the previous five-year plan. It was designed to maintain the low prevalence of HIV/AIDS and improve health care services for those infected or affected by the disease. The plan's objectives included strengthening HIV/AIDS surveillance, expanding HIV/AIDS response, increasing awareness among the population, developing outreach and educational programs, growing the testing and counseling services, and improving the overall quality of life for people infected and affected by HIV.

Government actions and results
Since 2005, the Government of Egypt has become more actively involved in the fight against HIV/AIDS. The government established nine mobile VCCT (Voluntary Confidential Counseling and Testing) centers and 14 fixed centers around the country. With the help of Family Health International, it also conducted trainings for physicians and nurses on clinical management and nursing care, created self-care guides in Arabic and started to promote the use antiretroviral therapy. Additionally, the Ministry of Health has also been fighting the issue of lack of adherence to drug treatments by many HIV positive citizens. It started implementing case management programs that follow up with patients and provide psychological counseling and resources that will help the patients adhere to their specific treatments and deal with the stigma of the disease. These programs were established in numerous health centers that are associated with the Ministry of Health.

In 2006, Cairo was the site of a three-day, UNAIDS-supported workshop on HIV/AIDS and drug use in the region. The workshop included representatives of governments, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and research programs from the Arab countries as well as from Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan. The Egyptian government worked with UNICEF to help prevent HIV/AIDS among youth and worked with the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime to address HIV/AIDS among IDUs. Moreover, the Egyptian government, led by former First Lady Suzanne Mubarak, started a campaign to educate the public about HIV as a way to fight the spread of disease The government has worked to integrate HIV/AIDS into preparatory and secondary school curriculums.

Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria
In March 2008, Egypt negotiated a six-round grant with the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria with the goal of "Reinforcing HIV/AIDS Prevention and Care Efforts in Egypt." The grant start date was April 1, 2008, and the end date was December 31, 2016. Throughout its duration, the project collected a cumulative amount of approximately $9 million. Some of the objectives of the project included: establishing a strong and supportive environment for the treatment and care of HIV, improving the current surveillance and monitoring data, preventing HIV transmission, including mother-to-child, reducing risk among the most impacted groups, and increasing access to treatment and other services for all people living with HIV in Egypt.

Military government treatment research
On February 22, 2014, a government-sponsored public service announcement aired on an official Egyptian T.V. channel where Major General Ibrahim Abdul Atti, the chief of the Egyptian Army Medical Team, announced the military's new medical devices, C-FAST and CCD for the treatment of AIDS. The announcer made ambitious claims about the devices that the Egyptian military scientists were working on. He proclaimed that the C-FAST was a breakthrough minimally invasive device that could detect and diagnose diseases, such as HIV, with electromagnetism. At the same time, the announcement stated that another device called CCD was currently being tested in trials but had high success rates of curing AIDS through blood purification. A short video accompanied the announcement showing the supposed devices at work. However, even though many major networks and media in Egypt ran with this news, there was no scientific basis to these claims made by the military scientists. In June 2014, the military personnel went back on their claims, stating that these devices needed additional testing because their original trials did not have large enough sample sizes. Now, further research is still being conducted by military medical personnel into the treatment of HIV and the widely spread hepatitis C virus.

See also
 Asmaa

References

External links
In Egypt, Battling the Stigma of HIV Catholic Relief Services

Egypt
Health in Egypt
Egypt

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Developing social responsibility at Shorecrest: Turning Empathy into Action
At Shorecrest, instilling a sense of social responsibility in all of our students, from our youngest three-year-olds in The Experiential School through our seniors in the Upper School, is a priority.
Our program has been impacted by COVID-19, but there are still plenty of ways our students can make an impact. Distance service learning opportunities were created and implemented in April 2020, and have served our students well while keeping them safe.
The school's commitment to community service is facilitated through a full-time Director of Service Learning, who connects students with on- and off-campus service opportunities and outside organizations, and works with faculty and parent volunteers to plan and implement a year-round Service Learning program.
Students receive mentoring to choose and engage in service efforts, to find their potential as leaders through civic engagement, and to extend their learning beyond the classroom to discover the intrinsic value of serving others.
Meeting the needs of local service organizations, participating in traditional annual service events, and responding to national and global demands brought on by natural disasters and community needs provide Shorecrest students countless opportunities to be of service.
Upper School students commit hundreds of hours each year of service, far surpassing any requirements for college applications or scholarships. While most of their time is spent on student-led projects or club involvement, many give numerous hours outside of school, during weekends and vacations, serving alone or alongside their families, in their own communities or in places outside of Tampa Bay.
Because Shorecrest students learn at an early age the importance of giving their time and talent, they discover the intrinsic value of service. This character education becomes a natural extension of their lives.
The Experiential School (ages 3-5)
Students of The Experiential School of Tampa Bay are regular beneficiaries of on-campus service efforts by older students through Reading Buddies, Lunch Buddies, and Campus Pals mentoring. The youngest of the Shorecrest students also have opportunities to participate in service to our outside community throughout the year. Students also take part in the annual, all-school Holiday Gift Drive, fulfilling gift wish lists for foster-care children served through the Guardian ad Litem program.
Preschool students share what they learn in art and music with the school's neighbors at Winston Park apartments. Each December, the retirees living next door enjoy holiday cheer delivered by the 3-5 year-old students with handmade cards as well as a program of songs.
The Experiential School students learn about recycling, reducing and reusing. They regularly use unwanted and discarded materials for art projects and building activities. They also help beautify the campus by taking "trash walks" to pick up litter. One of their greatest learning experiences regarding the environmental impact of trash happens during the Waste-free Lunch Challenge for Earth Day. They compare the difference in the amount of waste created from their lunches when packed in reusable containers instead of disposables.
In conjunction with their unit on pets, our youngest students bake dog biscuits for a local animal shelter. They have also held pet supplies drives which have benefited Pet Pal Rescue and SPCA of Tampa Bay.
Learn about our preschool program here.
Much of Lower School students' efforts to serve others take place within our campus community. Many fourth graders get hands-on experience working as Safety Patrols, escorting their classmates and younger students from and to cars during morning drop-off or afternoon pick-up times. Several classes devote their time as Reading Buddies to younger students, including our 3- and 4-year-old classrooms.
Lower School students are some of the most enthusiastic participants in the all-school efforts such as the Holiday Gift Drive and annual food drives.
For the past few years, our Lower School students have been the leaders of our Fall Food Drive for The Kind Mouse, leading the way for collecting donations and connecting the drive to their learning in the classroom in one of our strongest Service Learning programs.
Middle School students are active participants and leaders for our annual Food Drives for both The Kind Mouse and St. Pete Free Food Clinic.
The seventh grade has been active in creating a partnership with the Sunshine Center in downtown St. Pete, researching health topics relevant to seniors and making presentations to inform and connect with elderly residents.
Eighth graders are encouraged to research and take on service projects which they can continue in their Upper School years.
Many Middle School students take part in a week-long Community Service Camp offered through Shorecrest Summer Programs. Each day, the students get hands-on experience working with one of Shorecrest's Service Partner organizations. The activities vary each summer providing the students a sampling of local opportunities to be of service. Summer program participants have served the local food bank operated by the St. Petersburg Free Clinic, Southeastern Guide Dogs, Salvation Army and Keeping Pinellas Beautiful.
By the time Shorecrest students reach the Upper School, serving others has become a way of life. Students in grades 9-12 commit hundreds of hours to community service and have countless opportunities to be of service during their high school years both in and out of school. Whether through service clubs such as the Key Club or Interact, or through special interest clubs such as Spanish or the Beach Cleanup Society, students work year-round on projects that benefit our outside community. Upper School students may also serve as classroom helpers to teachers and as mentors to younger students or peer tutors in The Learning Center and through the National Honor Society.
One week of second semester is dedicated as Service Week, where most of the projects involve serving those in need in our local, national and global communities. The week-long effort has taken Shorecrest students as far away as a coffee plantation in Guatemala, a ranch in Arkansas, a school in Louisiana, conservation efforts in Cuba, an orphanage in Haiti and the Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota. Locally they have helped to construct a house with Habitat for Humanity, cooked and served meals at the Ronald McDonald House and the Beacon House, helped with coastal restoration efforts through Tampa Bay Watch, and took part in Empty Bowls to raise money for the St. Petersburg Free Clinic's Food Bank.
Upper School students also get involved in school-wide efforts such as the Holiday Gift Drive and food drives for both Kind Mouse and St. Pete Free Food Clinic. They also serve as camp assistants and coaches for our Summer Programs.
Students also have opportunities to create their own service clubs and programs for Service Week, honoring the history of Service Week as a program that was created by and for students in 2010. More information on this can be found under Service Policies.
Service Calendar Highlights
Fall: Food Drive for The Kind Mouse (Whole School)
Winter: Holiday Gift Drive to benefit children in the Guardian ad Litem Program (Full School)
Spring: Service Week (Upper School)
List of 1 members.
Diego Duran-Medina
Director of Service Learning
Diego Duran-Medina arrived at Shorecrest in 2015, having spent the previous year in Estes Park, Colorado, at the Eagle Rock School where he taught courses on citizenship. He has worked as a national consultant for three years through LeadServe Consulting, helping schools develop service-learning curricula and programming. From 2007-2012, he served as Director of Service-Learning at the Edmund Burke School in Washington, D.C. Mr. Duran-Medina earned his Bachelor of Arts from Colgate University, a Master of Arts from New York University and a Master of Education from the Klingenstein Center at Teachers College-Columbia University and has been working in service learning since 1997. He has presented at multiple NAIS conferences and recently contributed a chapter on service-learning to the book "Engage!: Setting the Course for Independent Secondary Schools In the 21st Century." In 2018 he published "Uncommon Civics: A Teaching Handbook for Activating Citizenship," his first book. Mr. Duran-Medina is thrilled to be at Shorecrest, helping students live their passions through service and developing the service learning program. He is responsible for developing citizenship, empathy and service initiatives across the school. Mr. Duran Medina enjoys cultural travel, and has embarked on adventures to Peru, Japan, India, Brazil, South Africa, the U.A.E. and Germany.
Students: to report Service Hours, find links at the bottom of the For Students page.
Milan S. Class of 2015, Anne Frank Humanitarian Award Recipient
No Classes / MLK Day of Service
Service Week (Grades 9-12)
4/6/2021 to 4/9/2021
Shorecrest Fund Giving: Service Learning & Community
MLK Day of Service, Jan. 18
Brenna Dukes '21 earns Dr. MLK's Legacy Award for dedication to service
Volunteer at The Kind Mouse on MLK Day, Jan 18
Key Club helps Feed Tampa Bay
Cleaning up Coffeepot Bayou
Sending Heartfelt Messages to Seniors
Interact Club Provides Service in St. Pete
MS Students Support Ocean Guardians Project
Encouraging Classroom Recycling
Key Club Cares for Neighborhood
Shorecrest is Becoming an Ocean Guardian School
Walker on the Water
Food Drive Delayed - You can still help!
Changemakers Launch People4Tomorrow
St. Pete siblings create mask line to give back to the community
Being Creative, Building Connections
Upper School 2020 Awards Ceremony, Valedictorian Named


text:
Still Fighting Jim Crow in Georgia
Stacey Abrams is not just battling Brian Kemp, she is battling history
Robin Morris
Robin Morris is Assistant Professor of History at Agnes Scott College.
The Grassroots Politics Syllabus
How Do We Process the Loss of Our Homes?
December 10, 2020 Jeannette Estruth
December 9, 2020 Nicole Hemmer, Natalia Mehlman Petrzela, Neil J. Young
Why Race Still Matters
December 9, 2020 Alana Lentin
Donald Trump's Lies
December 8, 2020 Eric Alterman, Claire Potter
Migration as a Claim for Reparations
December 7, 2020 Lea Coffineau
In 1964, Clara Curtis worked as a poll watcher at her local Cobb County, Georgia precinct. She had been working to establish a Republican Party in a state where the Democratic party had a stranglehold on local and state politics. Curtis watched each voter drop a ballot into the wooden box — and made sure the lock stayed locked on the box.
At lunch, a man working the polls offered to keep the ballots safe — he'd take them home while he ate. Clara perched on the box, her white boots swinging — and said he'd have to take her home, too.
He left the box. That year, Georgia elected Bo Callaway, the first Republican Congressman since Reconstruction.
Clara Curtis and her partners in the Georgia Federation of Republican Women spread the party so successfully that a two-party system took hold within the decade.
In 2018, we are working in Georgia again for a two-party system. This time, the Republicans have the tight grasp on our state politics. Only now, sitting on the ballot box isn't going to get us through.
The Republican Secretary of State Brian Kemp oversees the Georgia voter registration and the elections. Trouble is, the GOP candidate for Governor is also Brian Kemp. He's running against former Georgia House Minority Leader Stacey Abrams who stands to be the first African American woman governor if elected.
My viewpoint is skewed. When Tenured Radical asked me to write this, I warned her I'd be biased. I'm in Atlanta — the part of the state Brian Kemp hasn't even tried to win. I don't know what's going on OTP (Atlanta-speak for "outside the perimeter" of the 285 highway that runs around the city). Here in the ITP ("inside the perimeter") world, we have nothing but Stacey Abrams signs. I've been canvassing since the primaries — but now we focus on the households that at some point indicated they are "strong Abrams." Get. Out. The. Vote.
But I'm also a professor. I put my nonpartisan call to vote on the syllabus. I made sure my first year students were all registered.
Then the Purge happened.
Brian Kemp uses the Exact Match system. Voter names must match other state records exactly. Don't forget an accent. Don't forget the hyphen — or don't add the hyphen. And just pray nobody else shares your name. If you got your daddy's name, you better be "Jr." and he'll be "Sr." or one of you is out.
Emory historian Carol Anderson's One Man, No Vote skillfully exposes exact match as a descendant of Jim Crow. Minority groups share fewer last names than white citizens. Just think about how many people of Vietnamese heritage have the last name Nguyen. How many Latinx voters are Gonzalez or Garcia or García?
Brian Kemp likes to talk about a crazy ballot for a man named Jesus on Heaven Street. But the thing is, I know where there's a neighborhood with street names based on a Bonanza and another with Christmas-themed streets. I would absolutely believe that in an evangelical state like Georgia, we could have a subdivision with Heaven Street intersecting Pearly Gates Way. And in our state with high immigration numbers, I could even believe Jesús lives there.
Two of my students — both women of color — have had their voter registration applications held back. I've told them to vote — to demand their provisional ballot. Then we have to monitor to make sure the provisional ballots don't just sit in a box.
Other students are checking to see if their absentee ballots have been accepted. In Georgia, absentee ballots require two stamps. Some got them back in time to add another stamp.
We lie when we say voting is easy.
Voting in Georgia is not easy.
Voting in Georgia requires a photo ID — which requires a day at the driver's license office and a $20 fee. The driver's license requires proof of residency which means a power bill, a lease, a mortgage — something that proves your residence. So, if you are homeless or living with your parents or in uncertain housing — good luck. You need a birth certificate. If you changed your name when you married, you need the official name change. If you are divorced, same thing.
Do all of that before October 9 and then don't even think of moving or changing your name. Cross your fingers, hold your breath, and hope your voter card comes in.
If you do manage to get all that, but your name matches someone else's, you may be purged.
If you do vote, your vote may switch — always from Abrams to Kemp, never the other way around. Somehow, the glitches never hurt the Secretary of State.
Or your voting place may be closed.
Or your vote may be tossed out.
Or your voter information may be stolen. And the server wiped clean.
Setting up a two-party system in presence of a one-party chokehold is never easy. But this time, it isn't as easy as perching on a ballot box.
Robin Morris is associate professor of history at Agnes Scott College.
Patriarchy Alive and Well: CDC Releases New Guidelines for Alcohol & Pregnancy
Powerball and the American Culture of Inequality
The IMF Makes Class Warriors of Us All
The Recovery And Its Discontents
Keywords: Democracy, Politics, United States
Related Names: Brian Kemp, Stacey Abrams


text:
Q: How can store sqlplus query in a file in formatted manner and display it to console up vote I am trying to write a script which will connect to database and store the query output in a file in formatted manner
My expected file would be something like below:
LAST                         MONTHLY
NAME                          SALARY  COMMISSION
------------------------- ----------  ----------
Russell                        14000         .4
Partners                       13500         .3
Errazuriz                      12000         .3
Cambrault                      11000         .3
Zlotkey                        10500         .2

So far I have tried this.
sqlplus user/password@(TNS Entry) << EOF
SET head OFF;
SET feed OFF;
SET trimspool ON;
SET linesize 32767;
SET pagesize 32767;
SET echo OFF;
SET termout OFF;
SET verify OFF;
SET NEWPAGE NONE;
SET verify off;
spool file_name.csv
select * from Customer;
spool off

EXIT;
EOF

I am trying to display CSV file to console. But, it is not in a formatted style.
How can i achieve this ?

A: You need to add in the , seperator yourself e.g.
sqlplus user/password@(TNS Entry) << EOF
SET head OFF;
SET feed OFF;
SET trimspool ON;
SET linesize 32767;
SET pagesize 32767;
SET echo OFF;
SET termout OFF;
SET verify OFF;
SET NEWPAGE NONE;
SET verify off;
spool file_name.csv
select last_name  || ',' || monthly_salary || ',' || commission from customer;
spool off

EXIT;
EOF

or you can add
set colsep ,

to your script instead.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


That walk between classes never looked so, well, classy.
UPPER: Water resistant suede leather with felt underlay. Fleece lining.
Weight: 13.8 oz / 395 g.
Measurements based on size 6.5.
Women's Newbie™ Tall Boot is rated 3.8 out of 5 by 20.
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Rated 3 out of 5 by Amynbma from Too big Love the look and function of these boots but unfortunately the boot is at least a half size too big. Would of loved to get another pair but did not feel like paying for shipping three times!
Rated 5 out of 5 by nikkib from MOST COMFY BOOTS EVER These boots are so warm and comfy...like walking on a cloud!
Rated 5 out of 5 by Sorelsrock from These boots are awesome! I read a lot of mixed reviews before ordering these boots. I really really liked them so I decided to take my chances and order both the grill and the elk. I mean if worse came to worse I could return them and just pay the shipping. When they arrived I was very pleased. The craftsmanship and structure is great. I feel like my foot is fully supported. It also feels like you are walking on pillows! I am normally an 8 or 8 1/2 in boots. I ordered the 8 because some reviews said they ran large. The 8 is perfect leaving extra room for thick socks! I couldn't stop thinking about them so I ordered another one in the grill! The grill and elk are my favorite! Also, I wouldn't wear them in the rain.
Rated 4 out of 5 by Michelle777 from Nice boots Nice boots. Slightly larger than expected but on very cold days an extra pair of socks will fit perfectly. I need the extra calf room so these are perfect for us girls who don't have super skinny legs!
Rated 5 out of 5 by Ily1984 from Super cute Perfect boot...comfortable, true to size, and warm. Best of all...fashionable too!!!
Rated 5 out of 5 by Abby80 from 5 Stars! I love these boots so much, I just ordered two more! They look great and are so comfortable. When they first came out I did not buy them due to all the negative reviews. I finally gave in and bought a pair a month ago, and I'm so glad I did. I can't recommend these boots enough.
Rated 4 out of 5 by Awebb from Love them!! Great boots so great I bought a second pair a week later!
Rated 3 out of 5 by zenwinn from Great looking boot, but doesn't wear well! This boot is super cute and super comfy but a total downer...after wearing them 3 times, the felt material started to pill. I have had them for a few months and they look like I've been wearing them for 5 years. I cannot bring myself to send them back because I love the style so much but I don't t think I would buy them again. They are also sized big and feel loose on the foot.
Rated 5 out of 5 by Mlou72 from Favorite winter boot These are so comfy, like wearing slippers. No real arch support, but my arches don't bother me in these. I wear a 8.5 in shoes and 9 in tennis shoes and the 8.5 fit best. Love the grey color!
Rated 3 out of 5 by Stilespdx from Comfy as a slipper, but not for outside I bought these boots to use as my inside winter slippers. They are not as well-built as every other Sorel boot I've owned (I have 3 others in my closet now). The front material is pilling badly. Frankly, they are fine for my use because I only wear them in my house and they are super comfy. If you are looking for a warm, dry, outside boot this probably isn't it - Go for Tivoli, Glacy or the Winter Fancy Tall boot instead.
Rated 4 out of 5 by gwheats from Love this Boot I purchased the Campus Tall Boot in the Grill color (grey). I was a little concerned after reading the reviews but took the chance because I loved this color. This boot is not made as well as Glacy Explored because it is not water proof. It is water resistant and for my purposes of using it with skirts and not walking in snow... it is perfect. My feet stay warm and dry. I recommend these boots.
Rated 1 out of 5 by Jlu1 from Not what I thought these boots look very cute in the pictures, but upon arrival they are more of a light grey. Also, the construction is poor. I do not recommend them! I was also upset that I had to pay to return them!
Rated 1 out of 5 by Haley52 from cheap The boots look cheap. They are not what i expected at all. They look better in the picture. Also very thin material. I will be sending them back.
Rated 5 out of 5 by PawnPrincess from Love the Boot! I just got these today...Oh wow do we love them. Im at work and my co-worker is ordering a pair today! They fit a bit large but I love to wear thick comfy socks! The color is perfect. They are cute. Thank you Thank you I love them!
Rated 1 out of 5 by Gabriel from Return I shan't be rude or mean, however. These poor quality boots seemed not only overpriced yet lacking in quality production. It's too bad this boot wasn't made with thinsulate lining. Our family has purchased Sorel boots since 1987 to get through -25 Minnesota winters & freezing rain East Coast winters. The real shame of these boots is that they were designed with suede like material around the toe & heel & when such material becomes damp in cold freezing weather then toes tend to get frost bitten. Furthermore, this boot has absolutely no leg or ankle support. They looked great on a photograph yet quite homely once studied up close. We'll try again next year.
Rated 2 out of 5 by hannah95 from average the boot was not anything that i imagined it would be. really thin too and runs big. ordered a 9.5 (what i normally wear in boots) and i had to wear two pairs of socks so the boot felt normal.


the old english baron analysis essay. procedure section of a research paper apa. ethical argument essay gre. little brother cory doctorow essay. submit research paper xpress. funny things to write an essay about. how to write a media analysis essay vcenter. DENNIS BARON Professor of English and linguistics mobile: (217) Department of Computer Analysis of Student Writing. Associate, Center for Advanced Study, University of Illinois. ; The Years Work in Old English Studies 9 (1976), 19; Christian Peeters, Revue Belge de Philologie et dHistoire 59 (1981 The Old English Ways Essay 668 Words 3 Pages.
Throughout history there has always been a struggle for power between absolute rulers and the people and somewhere in the middle they compromise at democracy.
Candide begins in the German town of Westphalia, where Candide, a young man, lives in the castle of Baron of Thundertentronckh. A noted philosopher, Doctor Pangloss, tutors the baron on philosophical optimism, the idea that" all is for the best. . in this best of all worlds. " Candide, a simple The Old English Baron Essay 1099 Words 5 Pages.
of Lovel, which will be entailed on your posterity for ever. The Old English Baron, 110 This primary text from Clara Reeves The Old English Baron exhibits the struggle between Sir Phillip Harclay and Lord FitzOwen (The Old English Baron) about allowing Edmund to marry his daughter. In A Rose for Emily, William Faulkner tells the story of an old and lonely lady stuck in her own timeframe. A Rose For Emily Fiction Analysis English Literature Essay.
Print Reference this. Disclaimer: and the only way she knows how to act is traditionally. When she meets Homer Baron, he is everything that she knows that she English common law had long acknowledged the importance of effective arms Because I had written an op ed essay in the Los Angeles Times questioning the historicity of the Appeals Courts interpretation (Baron 2007), the Districts attorney Professors of Linguistics and English (Baron et al 2008). George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron FRS (22 January 1788 19 April 1824), known as Lord Byron, was a British nobleman, poet, peer, politician, and leading figure in the Romantic movement.
[1 [2 He is regarded as one of the greatest British poets [3 and remains widely read and influential. The story begins in Westphalia at the castle of the high and mighty Baron of Thundertentronckh, his wife, their beautiful young daughter Cungonde, and an unnamed son. The event that began the transition from Old English to Middle English was the Norman Conquest of 1066, when William the Conqueror (Duke of Normandy and, later, William I of England) invaded the island of Britain from his home base in northern France, and settled in his new acquisition along with his nobles and court.
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The C class as designated in 1913 was a heterogeneous group of torpedo boat destroyers (TBDs) built for the Royal Navy in the late-1890s. They were constructed to the individual designs of their builders to meet Admiralty specifications. The uniting feature of the class was a top speed of 30 knots, a "turtleback" forecastle and that they all had three funnels. The funnels were spaced equidistantly and were of equal height, but the central one was thicker.

In 1913 all "30 knotter" vessels with 3 funnels were classified by the Admiralty as the "C" class to provide some system to the naming of HM destroyers (at the same time, the 4-funnelled, "30 knotters" became the "B" class and the 2-funnelled ships the "D" class). All vessels had the distinctive turtleback that was intended to clear water from the bows but actually tended to dig the bow in to anything of a sea, resulting in a very wet conning position and poor seaboats that were unable to reach top speed in anything but perfect conditions.

They generally displaced around 350 tons and had a length of around 200 feet. All were powered by triple expansion steam engines for  and had coal-fired water-tube boilers, except some unique "specials" that used steam turbines in addition to, or in lieu of, the reciprocating engines. Armament was one QF 12-pounder gun on a bandstand on the forecastle, five QF 6-pounder (two sided abreast the conning tower, two sided between the funnels and one on the quarterdeck) and two single tubes for 18-inch torpedoes.

Ships
 (390 tons, built by Palmers, Jarrow);
 , launched 11 August 1896, sold for breaking up 10 June 1919.
 , launched 26 August 1896, sold for breaking up 27 November 1919.
 , launched 7 October 1896, sold for breaking up 30 August 1919.
 , launched 9 November 1896, foundered 26 September 1904 after mechanical failure caused a propeller blade to penetrate the hull plating.
 , launched 17 December 1896, sold for breaking up 10 June 1919.
 , launched 4 March 1897, sold for breaking up 30 August 1919.
 , launched 13 April 1897, sold for breaking up 23 July 1919.
 , launched 15 May 1897, torpedoed and sunk by German destroyers 27 October 1916.
 (345 tons, built by Earle, Kingston upon Hull)
 , launched 10 February 1898, sold for breaking up 10 June 1919.
 , launched 21 March 1898, sold for breaking up 27 January 1920.
 (350 tons, built by Doxford, Sunderland)
 , launched 3 May 1897, sold for breaking up 7 June 1920.
 , launched 3 July 1897, sold for breaking up 23 July 1919.
 , 365 tons, launched 27 January 1899, wrecked near Blacksod Bay 5 October 1909.
 (355 tons except last two ships 350 tons, all built by Naval Construction and Armament Company - later Vickers Limited, Barrow in Furness)
 , launched 10 October 1896, sold for breaking up 1 July 1920.
 , launched 1 February 1897, rammed and sunk by SS Kenilworth off Portland Bill, 4 April 1918.
 , launched 23 November 1896, sold at Hong Kong 26 October 1916.
 , launched 20 March 1897, sold for breaking up 10 June 1919.
 , launched 29 March 1900, sold for breaking up 17 March 1921.
 (345-380 tons, built by J & G Thomson - later to become John Brown and Company, Clydebank)
 , launched 3 July 1896, sold for breaking up 4 November 1919.
 , launched 14 July 1896, sold for breaking up 29 April 1920.
 , launched 22 August 1896, torpedoed and sunk by U-boat  off the Galloper in the River Thames Estuary, 1 May 1915.
 , launched 22 March 1898, sold for breaking up 27 May 1919.
 , launched 25 March 1898, sold for breaking up 17 March 1921.
 (355 tons, built by Hawthorn, Newcastle upon Tyne)
 , launched 14 July 1897, mined and sunk off Shetland Islands, 30 June 1917.
 , launched 22 February 1898, sold for breaking up 23 July 1919.
 , launched 6 October 1900, sold for breaking up 10 June 1919.
 , launched 8 November 1900, sold for breaking up 23 March 1920.
 , launched 4 January 1901, broken up at Portsmouth Dockyard in 1919.
 (355 tons, built by Fairfield, Govan)
 , launched 9 March 1897, sold 17 March 1921 and then used as a floating pontoon at Dartmouth for many years.
 , launched 25 September 1897, foundered after damaged sustained ramming of  in North Sea, 31 May 1918.
 , launched 7 April 1897, sold for breaking up 4 November 1919.
 , 370 tons, launched 28 June 1898, sold for breaking up 14 September 1920.
 , 375 tons, launched 29 December 1899, sunk in collision 1 April 1918 with trawler John Fitzgerald in the North Sea. The captain was Lieutenant Charles Lightoller RNR, who previously had been second officer of .
 , 375 tons, launched 22 March 1900, sold for breaking up 29 April 1920.
John Brown private builds, purchased 31 May 1900 (380 tons, built on speculation by John Brown and Company, formerly J & G Thomson, at Clydebank)
 , launched 17 March 1900, broken up at Portsmouth Dockyard in 1919.
 , launched 19 May 1900, sank in collision with  off St. Catherine's Point 2 April 1908.
 , launched 16 August 1900, sold for breaking up 10 February 1920.
Thornycroft special
 , 380 tons, launched 19 July 1898, sold for breaking up 7 June 1920.
 Hawthorn specials, (4 shafts, steam turbines)
 , 344 tons, launched 6 September 1899, wrecked near Alderney in accident 3 August 1901.
  (ex-Python), 445 tons, launched 11 February 1902, mined and sunk off Nab light vessel, 25 October 1915.

See also
B-class destroyer (1913)
D-class destroyer (1913)

Notes

Bibliography

Destroyer classes
Ship classes of the Royal Navy


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We won the internet back
nerdology:
That's worth repeating: the hundreds of thousands of people who called and emailed and wrote to the FCC and their elected officials over the past year demanding that the government protect the internet were actually heard. Sometimes the system does work.
I'm not saying it's a perfect system — it's not — or even that this is the best possible outcome in the best possible world. I wish there was so much competition for broadband access that we didn't need additional regulation; I'd take a world where Verizon offered fast lanes and slow lanes if I could easily switch to a Comcast service that treated everything equally. That's how it's supposed to work; that kind of intense competition is why the tech industry moves so fast.
Nilay Patel wrote a great article about Net Neutrality. The FCC just reclassified the Internet as a utility!
Hardcore History 50 - Blueprint for Armageddon I - Dan Carlin


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Q: What does the label param in group_left does in PromQL? Let's say I have this PromQL query:
node_disk_bytes_read * on(instance) group_left(node_name) node_meta{}

What is the purpose of group_left(node_name)? Specifically node_name. From what I understood, this lists all instance label values for the node_disk_bytes_read metric and all the combinations for the matching node_meta metric (many-to-one). But, what is the purpose of node_name in the grouping?


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What does art look like? TK Kelley and Angie Slentz are challenging the notion that art has to be a one-dimensional experience, found only in a bigger city.
Enter coë, a project that combines culinary, music, and creative arts all under one roof, in unique experiences that cannot be replicated. And co-founders Kelley and Slentz are betting on the town of Auburn as the location for these experiences.
For Kelly, the reason is part personal, a nod to both his youth and his professional trajectory.
His time on the touring circuit influenced his outlook, showing him that cities both large and small can hold great potential. For example, Auburn, with a population of about 13,000, is small town with character and a strong community of people who are investing in its future. Downtown Auburn is especially poised for growth, as a company called Team Quality Services has recently pledged an investment of $2.56 million to move its headquarters there.
Speaking of moving, Kelly went on to work in tourism and hospitality for 15 years—which brought him to northeast Indiana. He's lived in cities like Nashville, Seattle, San Francisco, and Oklahoma City and traveled the country supporting many other attractions.
You could say there's been a consistent theme over the years. Through his travels, he's had the opportunity to immerse himself in the cultures in each of these areas that have ultimately allowed him to establish great relationships in music and culinary communities. Most recently, he enjoyed a 4-year tenure at the Fort Wayne Children's Zoo as the general manager.
Upon relocation to the area, it didn't take long for Kelly to realize that Northeast Indiana had great potential and heart—and that includes boosting entrepreneurship and innovation.
"If you truly have a dream, there's an entire community (willing) to support you," he says.
So he and Slentz did just that. They had a meeting of minds and fleshed out what the coë experience might look like. They've devoted the last year to planning these experiences, and "experience" is the key word here.
For example, the duo have spent the past several months curating a series of pop-up style focus groups at The Deli at Sixth and Main in Auburn. A select group of people, with a diverse set of backgrounds, were invited for an evening engagement.
What the first cohort of guests found was a nationally recognized chef mentoring an up-and-coming talented cook from Fort Wayne, a touring singer-songwriter from Nashville sharing the night with a local rising guitarist, and a creative artist painting live.
This all happened in a living room where food was cooked in front of the guests, songwriters performed on couches, and the visual artist captured the energy of the evening in the form of a painting.
In other words, it was dynamic and organic. There was no agenda, and that's the beauty of it.
In Kelly words, it's all about intimacy and allowing the artists to be themselves and transparent.
"The connection comes from the art," he says.
Kelly hopes to continue the momentum of events like these and draw guests from around the region and beyond to participate.
"The plan is to do two to three experiences between now and next spring," he says, adding that he hopes to ramp up the frequency in 2019.
The success of coë largely depends on people taking a chance. Kelly says the fact that they are "first to market" makes coë elusive, and some people are hesitant to take the leap.
"When people actually experience it, that's when they get it," he says.
The ticket is $75 a person and includes an evening of artistic experiences and a 5-course meal, with and beer and wine sourced from local vendors.
See their Facebook page for a schedule of upcoming experiences.
Emerging Entrepreneurs applications must represent Indiana-based companies with a headquarters in a community under a partnership with Elevate Ventures to qualify for funding. The companies must have no more than $50,000 in trailing revenue over the past 12 months.
Funding for the investment is from the Indiana Economic Development Corp.'s 21st Century Technology and Research Fund, provided by Elevate Ventures from its $200,000 Community Ideation Fund.
The Community Ideation Fund was created to feed entrepreneurial momentum through investment in some of northeast Indiana's startup and early-stage companies.
The first three companies receiving Emerging Entrepreneurs investment will be identified at Launch Night.
The individuals running the businesses are among the early $1,000 grant recipients of the Farnsworth Fund, which Elevate Northeast Indiana started this year to provide entrepreneurs in the region with community, mentors and money to help them launch and grow their companies.
Launch Night coincides with the next Farnsworth Fund Social, "which means you get to connect and collaborate with other northeast Indiana entrepreneurs while enjoying drinks and appetizers," the announcement said.
As a self-published author of two books and a long-time blogger, Ciara Jiminez is familiar with the process of writing and publishing a book. She wants to help people in their writing ventures by providing the editing, publishing, and marketing an up and coming author needs. With a micro-grant from Farnsworth, Ciara can begin to launch the publishing process and help others achieve their writing dreams.
Born with naturally curly hair, Janae Andrews was tired of using products that were damaging and excessively harsh on her hair. Not only was she losing the healthy look of her curls, the curl pattern itself was lost because of products that didn't work and only damaged her hair. Janae created Banah Hair Care, a product line to help rebuild hair texture, reconstruct curl pattern, and restore curls to their glowing, healthy state. With the micro-grant, Janae can begin the process of attaining a provisional patent on her products.
Logan Herald, along with two other Indiana Tech alumni, created technology that will, in the event of a fall, help acute care patients receive the help they need faster. Logan recognized that current technology does not help in the aid of patients quick enough, so he and his team created Ratio Medical to solve the problem. The micro-grant from Farnsworth will allow Logan to fund a provisional patent for his product.
The need for a lockout service was apparent to Dvonte Collins when he realized how often he locked his own keys in his car. He started Collins Lockout Service six months ago, providing customers with emergency lockout services and jumpstarts in Fort Wayne. A micro-grant from Farnsworth will allow Dvonte to purchase a key cutting machine, allowing him to serve his customers in more ways and assist him in growing his business.