Why C is correct answer?
Well I'll explain why A, B and D are wrong .
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text:
Beyond Darkness (1990) - Part 2 of 3
Claudio Fragasso's Beyond Darkness (read Part 1 here) has taken us on a rollercoaster ride of supernatural excitement. (Beyond Darkness is available on Shout Factory Blu-Ray and streaming on Shudder.) At this point in the story, Reverend Peter, his wife Annie, and their children Carole and Martin have moved into their new home and they have been immediately beset by all manner of deadly supernatural goings-on. Now, as the veiled zombie witches invade their home, Peter takes up a crucifix and a bible to combat them.
Peter attempts to put a stop the supernatural onslaught of veiled zombie witches by grabbing a crucifix and reading a passage from his bible: "Mighty God, may evil spirits no longer have power over your humble servant. May you leave and never return. Let the good will and peace of our lord Jesus Christ enter this home at his command." This familiar biblical incantation works. The witches disappear and the house returns to normal.
The next day, Peter confronts his boss, Reverend Jonathan, at his church. The older minister asks about the manifestations. Peter is slightly perturbed that his boss knowingly moved Peter's family into a house full of Satanic dangers. However, Peter argues that it is impossible the house is possessed--he doesn't believe in such things. Reverend Jonathan explains that he chose Peter to exorcise this house after the priest from the prologue, George, failed to do so. Peter and George had gone to seminary together, but now George has fallen prey to his own demons. Peter's boss gives him a book of exorcisms. Peter says he has a lot to think about.
(An aside: In your Universe-X, as I understand the process, the clergy are called to a particular faith and then attend seminary to further study to become clergymen in their denomination. In my Universe-Prime they choose their denomination after seminary, as in this film, where George and Peter studied together but George chose Catholicism and Peter chose a Protestant denomination. I will add this tidbit of information to my case study of cross-universe differences, along with the darkness of nighttime and your word for convoluted Italian thrillers.)
Clearly a house full of demons that Peter does not believe in is of roughly the same importance as the safety of his family. As he walks home pondering what to do, Peter is confronted by George, who says he needs Peter's help in his final battle against the demons.
Peter brushes George off, so George returns to the church to confront Reverend Jonathan, and also to play the church organ for reasons not disclosed to the audience. Here George reveals that Ameth is inside him. "I don't know if he's my friend or my enemy, but he's a jealous companion." George asks the reverend to exorcise him but the reverend refuses, so George just walks away.
Peter returns home. It is already dark. He finds his house ransacked. The black swan is rocking by itself. A shadowy figure holds an axe, then attacks Peter with it--but it turns out to be Annie. She and the children have fought off the evil witches. "We're pretty tough guys," Martin says. Indeed they are.
Peter has reached his limit regarding attempted murders in his home. He plans to drive away from the house, but when everyone attempts to leave the house, they are surrounded by the zombie witches.
While Peter and Annie try to break through the sealed back door, Carole and Martin head upstairs, where Martin is abducted by the ghost of the murderess from the prologue. She grabs him and carries him through the brick wall.
If only Peter had remembered the "Mighty God" incantation from the bible that warded off the witches earlier!
After Carole tells Peter that Martin has disappeared through the wall, Annie searches through the house for her son. Suddenly Father George enters the house. "He's here," George says. "He's in the house. But they have him. Witches." The house, it seems, is cursed, and a gateway to hell. In fact, the brick wall is a gateway to another dimension.
(Another aside: As someone with some familiarity with gateways to other dimensions, I believe George's understanding, though a bit primitive, is quite correct. The wall with a spotlight behind it is one manifestation of an interdimensional gateway.)
Despite the fact that Martin has been taken through the wall to a dimension that might be hell, everyone continues searching for the boy throughout the house. This apparently pointless strategy pays dividends when Annie hears Martin calling from behind a mirror, and then the boy's image conveniently appears in the mirror, though he is quickly threatened by the veiled zombie witches.
Annie dives at the mirror and disappears inside.
In the other dimension, Annie watches as Martin reenacts the end of the film Phantasm.
Meanwhile, the brick wall melts so that Peter, hoping to find Martin, can step through into the other dimension, a dimension which appears to be confined to a foggy barn. Peter finds Martin and Annie, and the three escape easily back through the brick wall.
The family and George race outside, but when they reach their car and put Martin in the back seat, they look back at the house and see Martin staring at them from inside the house, at a second story window.
But who is in the back seat of the car?
The film has no answer for us.
The next morning, everyone is back inside the house. George explains the terrifying story. Ten women were burned at the stake as witches here. Of course, some of them actually were witches, but the rest were burned for no reason. It is all explained in the witches' bible, the one that the murderess gave George before her execution.
Why was Peter chosen to be their exorcist? Because his faith is pure. George takes this moment to summarize the plot: "They want to put us to the test. Their dark powers against the two of us--a faithless ex-priest and a family man who happens also to be a reverend."
We also learn that what we believe to be Martin is really just a shell of the true boy. When Annie and Carole are asleep, Martin's shell, showing remarkable strength, picks up his sister and carries her upstairs.
Once in front of the open gateway to the other dimension, Martin puts Carole down and says they will be together forever. He intends to walk with her through the gateway, where they will be lost forever to their parents and our world.
Will Martin and Carole be lost in the hell dimension forever? The answer is no [spoiler]. But how will they be rescued? Will the family every escape the house? Find out in Part 3 of our discussion of Claudio Fragasso's Beyond Darkness. Read Part 3 here.
Blood and Lace (1971) - Part 2 of 3
Shriek of the Mutilated (1974) - Part 3 of 3
The Case of the Bloody Iris (1972) - Part 3 of 3

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


"Hello this is John Doe. Interested in some data?" This is how a reporter of the German newspaper Süddeutsche Zeitung was contacted in February 2015 via an encrypted chat service. This source would eventually leak 2.6 terabytes of information detailing how a Panamanian law firm helped clients to setup anonymous offshore companies and bank accounts.
This data was finally revealed to the world in April 2016 as the "Panama Papers" and the company implicated as Mossack Fonseca.
What happened in-between these two events are an almost cloak-and-dagger tale of the enormous effort by hundreds of investigative journalists, all made possible by the extensive use of technology.
According to the German newspaper "the source wanted neither financial compensation nor anything else in return, apart from a few security measures." No personal meetings ever occurred and communication was always encrypted. He did indicate to the newspaper that his life was in danger.
It must be stated that, although it is not necessary illegal to have offshore bank accounts, many wealthy individuals and/or criminal organizations hide money in these accounts to prevent paying taxes in their own country. The purpose of this post is not to implicate any individuals, companies or firms that assisted or benefitted from the Mossack Fonseca scheme. It is purely a glimpse into the technology behind this leak – at least the bit that was publicly revealed.
To put it into context: The Ashley Madison hack of 2015 was reported to be around 30 GB's worth of data; the Sony Pictures leak of 2014 a massive 230 GB. The Panama Papers outweighs this by more than 10 times!
According to sources, the leak started as a fairly "normal" hack of Mossack Fonseca's (MF) email servers. Also typical of these hacks were that MF was not open about it and quick to respond. As seen in so many of these cases this is partly in order to limit damage to a company's public image, directors or boards not on par with the technical knowledge as well as insufficient technical staff to deal with it.
In addition, Forbes reported that the main MF portal clients used to access their sensitive information ran on a 3-year old version of Drupal 7.23, which had known vulnerabilities at the time that could be exploited by hackers.
So, while MF was 'dealing' with the situation, the anonymous source was syphoning off huge amounts of sensitive customer information and sending it to the German newspaper.
Please note that I am not promoting or glamorizing hacking at all. What I can say is that, even though hacking is illegal, there is a public tolerance towards it when a 'bad' company is hacked. Take the hacks of Ashley Madison vs. Sony Pictures – the former is perceived as a valiant act. Like Robin Hood stealing from the rich to give to the poor.
The German newspaper appointed a five-person team that worked tiredly for two months to verify if the data was genuine.
It very soon became apparent that one of the major aims in the vast majority of cases were to conceal the true identities of the owners.
Trying to connect the dots in this web of complex secret transactions almost became and addiction to the team. "We often messaged each other at crazy times, like 2 a.m. or 4 a.m. about the newest findings" one of the reporters said.
At the end, the newspaper could not sift through emails and account ledgers (covering nearly 30 years) on their own. They had to seek help and found it in the form of the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists.
The International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ), is a non-profit organization based in Washington D.C. and has coordinated several previous projects that investigated financial data leaks.
Apart from Süddeutsche Zeitung the ICIJ invited many other influential newspapers and news agencies from across the world to form a coalition with the common goal of investigating the Panama Papers. This included Le Monde (France), The Guardian and the BBC (Britain) and La Nación (Argentina). Eventually 400 journalists joined forces in this effort.
From the start it was critical that the ICIJ investigation remained secret. But data still had to be shared between hundreds of journalists across the globe. In order to achieve this many software systems and packages had to be utilized – some open source as well as proprietary.
Journalists had to ensure that all files and their replicas were spread across different encrypted hard drives, using VeraCrypt software to lock up the information.
Süddeutsche Zeitung decided to use the software of an Australian-based company, called Nuix, which assisted the ICIJ in leak investigations before.
Nuix specializes in turning huge amounts of unstructured data into an indexed and searchable database. Its origins dates back to the year 2000 when a group of computer scientists at a Sydney university were exploring ways to process large amounts of data at high speed.
The newspaper journalists started by uploading the millions of documents to high-performance computers that were never connected to the internet in order to prevent the story from "breaking too early" or from those seeking to destroy it.
Once uploaded, they used optical character recognition (OCR) software to transform scanned images, such as ID documents or signed contracts, into human readable and searchable files. They could then start analyzing the data by applying searching algorithms provided by Nuix's software. This allowed journalists to formulate questions that would in turn kick off the backend database search to look for matching data – exactly how web-based search engines work. The ability to index and analyze all types of data was the real key to the success behind the project.
Nuix actually stands for New Universal Intelligence Exchange engine, the name given to the software by the Australian computer scientists that developed it. The driving force behind Nuix was Jim McInerney who formed the company but passed away in 2004. Jim and his team originally started by processing email files on large scale, but they soon developed techniques to reverse engineer all major file formats, including some complex and proprietary ones like tiff images.
Just before Jim's death, Nuix won a contract with the Australian Department of Defense. His family tried to run the company after his death, but eventually had to bring in a professional management team in 2006, led by new CEO, Eddie Sheehy that have worked with companies like Cisco before.
Some unexpected interest in their company resulted from the financial crisis of 2008. A lot of money were lost in global financial markets due to the property bubble crash and people demanded answers. Software was supposed to help figure out what went wrong and who was to blame. Nuix became one of those solutions.
Nuix is certainly not the only firm that provides data processing solutions – even the ICIJ used other software as we will see later. Nuix made its name for being very fast in processing huge amounts of data.
Understanding files "at the level of ones and zeroes is what allows Nuix to achieve reliability and speed at scale" Eddie explains on their website.
The ICIJ is by no means just a group of 'old-school' investigative journalists. The have all the means and expertize required to operate in today's digital and data-driven world.
Tools and software that were used in previous leak investigations were re-used or enhanced during this investigation. A lot of these tools were open-source.
Their search tool was based on Apache Solr and combined with Apache's Tika, an indexing software that can also parse different file types like PDF.
They utilized a database search program called Blacklight that allowed the teams to hunt for specific names, countries or sources. On top of that there was also a real-time translation services for documents that were created in other languages. (Journalists primarily used English as the communication language).
Each news organization took their own precautions, restricting access to the secure computers that were used to connect to the ICIJ's servers and ensuring that these were not accessible through their newsrooms' regular networks.
When the findings of the Panama Papers were released to the world on 3 April 2016, it immediately caught the public's attention – mainly because some well-known and powerful individuals were implicated.
But although the story ensured some sensational newspaper headlines for many weeks it really was the hard work and collaboration effort of hundreds of individuals that worked behind the scenes that made it possible. All with the help of technology.


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Lordstown police: Teen girl leads chief on high-speed chase with two young children in car
by: Matt Wright
Posted: Apr 11, 2019 / 02:54 PM EDT / Updated: Apr 11, 2019 / 04:41 PM EDT
LORDSTOWN, Ohio– A 17-year-old Warren girl is in custody after investigators say she led Lordstown police on a high-speed chase before crashing a stolen vehicle with her two young children inside.
Lordstown Police Chief Brent Milhoan said he was running radar in a school zone on Salt Springs Road around 8 a.m. Thursday when he clocked a 2008 Dodge Avenger going 37 miles per hour in a 20 mph zone.
Milhoan said he followed the vehicle into a gas station at the intersection of Salt Springs and Tod Avenue, and as he approached the car, the driver took off northbound on Tod. Milhoan said he chased the car with speeds reaching more than 100 mph. He said he called off the chase as the pursuit neared a school zone in Warren Township.
Moments later, the driver crashed through a guard rail and hit a car in the parking lot of Shadi's Superette at the corner of Tod Avenue and 6th Street SW, according to Milhoan.
Milhoan said the 17-year-old's two young children, ages 9 months and 2 years, were in the car at the time. There was also a 14-year-old boy who had been reported missing out of the Columbus area. No one was hurt.
Milhoan said the Avenger was stolen out of the Cleveland area.
The girl told investigators she fled because she didn't have a license. She said she purchased the vehicle in Columbus Thursday morning for $50 and did not know it was stolen, Milhoan said.
She faces two charges of endangering children, a charge of fleeing and eluding and a charge of receiving stolen property. She also faces traffic charges for speeding, driving without a license, not wearing a seat belt and not having a car seat for the older child.
The children were evaluated at a hospital before being released to a relative, according to Milhoan. Authorities were making arrangements to get the 14-year-old home.


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Constitution of the International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering
There has been an increasing number of applications of engineering theory and techniques to biological and medical research and practice, made by numerous groups organized in various countries throughout the world.
In order to integrate these efforts and to expand co-operation on an international basis, an international non profit-making, scientific and educational organisation, a federation of the separate national societies and groups, was set up by the decision of the constituent assembly meeting in Paris, France, on the 24th of June 1959.
That federation is now titled the International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering and operates under the following Constitution:
The name of this organization shall be the International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering.
2. Office
The office of the Federation shall be as specified in the Bylaws.
3. Objectives
The objectives of the International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering shall be scientific, technological, literary, and educational. Within the field of medical, clinical and biological engineering its aims shall be to encourage research and the application of knowledge, and to disseminate information and promote collaboration.
In pursuit of these aims the Federation may, in relation to its specific field of interest, engage in any of the following activities: sponsorship of national and international meetings, publication of official journals, co-operation with other societies and organizations, appointment of commissions on special problems, awarding of prizes and distinctions, establishment of professional standards and ethics within the field, or in any other activities which in the opinion of the General Assembly or the Administrative Council would further the cause of medical, clinical or biological engineering. It may promote the formation of regional, national, international or specialized societies, groups or boards, the coordination of bibliographic or informational services and the improvement of standards in terminology, equipment, methods and safety practices, and the delivery of health care.
In general the Federation shall work to promote improved communication and understanding in the world community of engineering, medicine and biology.
4. Membership
The members of the Federation shall be national societies or sub-groups thereof and transnational organisations who have a major interest in the field of medical and biological engineering, who have applied for membership in the Federation and have been accepted by the General Assembly under the conditions set out in the Bylaws.
National societies or sub-groups thereof are those who represent national interests in medical and biological engineering. Ordinarily, only one such organisation in any country may become a member, however, under extraordinary circumstances, special cases of membership may be considered. Transnational organisations are those whose membership comprises:
a) individual members drawn from several countries and/or
b) national societies or sub-groups thereof and/or
c) groups of national societies from two or more countries.
A transnational organisation may be regional or have a wider membership but has significant activities beyond the border of any one country.
To resolve special cases, the General Assembly, upon the recommendation of the Administrative Council, may, by special resolution authorize admission of more than one adhering body from a single country.
On occasion, there may be difficulty in determining the eligibility of a Society for membership, or time may be necessary to consider the advantages or disadvantages of membership to the Society or to the Federation. Under these circumstances temporary status as an Observer Group can be given at the discretion of the Administrative Council, pending clarification, subject to the conditions laid down in the Bylaws.
There are two situations when it might be well founded to accept an individual membership of the Federation;
1) There is no affiliated National Society of the country.
2) When the individual's interest is outside of the scope of the National Society.
Under these circumstances individual membership can be given at the discretion of the Administrative Council, pending clarification, subject to the conditions laid down in the Bylaws.
Individuals who have rendered exceptional service to the Federation may have bestowed on them the title of Honorary Life Member.
5. Termination of Membership
Membership of the Federation may be terminated in any of the following ways:
a) by resignation, subject to such notice as may be prescribed by the Bylaws, or
b) by default in the payment of contributions or subscriptions to the Federation for such period as may be prescribed in the Bylaws, or
c) by expulsion, by a two-thirds majority of the General Assembly, on the grounds that the continuation of membership would be detrimental to the interest of the Federation.
6. The General Assembly
The control and direction of the policy and affairs of the Federation shall be vested in the General Assembly. The General Assembly shall consist of the Delegates of the Member Organisations or their named alternates accredited as prescribed in the Bylaws, together with the voting members of the
Administrative Council and such Chairmen of committees as the Administrative Council shall decide. No individual member of the General Assembly shall have more than one vote. The function of the General Assembly shall be:
a) to establish the policy of the Federation,
b) to elect the officers of the Federation,
c) to elect members of the Administrative Council,
d) to receive, and to approve or reject, reports and recommendations of the Administrative Council,
e) to make recommendations to the Administrative Council as required,
f) to add or to amend the Constitution and Bylaws as required, and
g) to initiate action to further the aims and objectives of the Federation as set out in Article 3 of
this Constitution by means consistent with the Constitution and Bylaws. A General Assembly shall
be convened by the Administrative Council at such times and places as are prescribed in the
A meeting of the General Assembly will be convened by the Administrative Council on petition of at least twenty per cent of the Member Organisations.
The business of the General Assembly may be carried out by postal or electronic mail as specified in the Bylaws.
7. Officers
The officers of the Federation shall be:
a) the President,
b) the Vice-President,
c) the Secretary-General, and
d) the Treasurer
8. Administrative Council
The affairs of the Federation shall be administered by an Administrative Council, whose voting members are:
a) the officers,
b) the immediate Past-President, and
c) eight members, elected by the General Assembly from the membership of the Member Organisations.
The Editor, the Deputy Editor, and all Committee Chairmen may attend Administrative Council Meetings if they so wish.
The President and the Administrative Council may both invite individuals to attend meetings of the Administrative Council.
The Administrative Council shall have full power to act on behalf of the Federation and to take such action in all matters of administration and policy, including conference policy, not expressly reserved by these Articles for the General Assembly, but in all its actions shall be responsible to the General Assembly.
A meeting of the Administrative Council shall be convened by the President or by a petition of at least thirty per cent of the voting members of the Administrative Council.
The business of the Administrative Council may be carried out by postal or electronic mail, as specified in the Bylaws.
9. Amendment to the Constitution or Bylaws
The introduction, deletion or amendment of articles of the Constitution or of Bylaws may be proposed:
a) by the Administrative Council, or
b) in writing, by at least ten per cent of the voting members at a meeting of the General Assembly.
The Secretary-General shall submit such proposals to the General Assembly by postal or electronic mail, and shall set for the ballot a closing date not less than sixty days after postal mailing or not less than thirty days after electronic mailing. In the case of a change to the Constitution a two-thirds majority of those responding shall be required for acceptance; in the case of a change in the Bylaws a simple majority of those responding shall be required.
10. Appointment of Committees
The General Assembly and the Administrative Council shall both have the power to appoint committees other than those specified in the Bylaws, and to give them powers under the General Assembly or the Administrative Council as they see fit provided that these powers do not contravene the provisions of the Constitution or of the Bylaws.
11. Establishment of Working Groups
The Administrative Council shall have the power to establish or terminate Working Groups on specific topics, and give them such powers under the Council as they see fit, provided that these powers do not contravene the provisions of the Constitution or the Bylaws.
12. Establishment of Special Divisions
The Administrative Council shall have the power to establish or terminate Divisions within the body of the Federation concerned with branches of medical, clinical or biological engineering in all its aspects, and give them such powers under the Council as they see fit, provided that these powers do not contravene the provisions of the Constitution or of the Bylaws. Such Divisions shall remain constituent parts of the Federation and will act under the Constitution and Bylaws of the Federation.
13. International Organisations
The Administrative Council shall represent the Federation in dealings with other organisations. The Administrative Council may make arrangements for co-operation with other organisations having mutual or parallel interests but proposals which would involve affiliation with other bodies must be referred to the General Assembly.
14. Financial Transactions
The Federation may accept gifts, donations, grants, subventions, and other funds, invest them, disburse them, or otherwise dispose of them for purposes in accordance with the aims of the Federation as set out in Article 3.
15. Dissolution
A decision to dissolve the Federation may be taken at a meeting of the General Assembly, or in the case of necessity, by postal ballot, and shall require a two-thirds majority of the voting members of the General Assembly. Liquidators shall be appointed by the General Assembly. Any assets from the liquidation shall be distributed to such non profit-making Member Organisations, as the liquidators shall decide.
16. Rules of Order
In questions of procedure, the President or the Chairman of a meeting shall decide the order of business.
AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION AND BYLAWS –
ratified by General Assembly vote, mail ballot completed April 15, 1990, February 21, 2003.
IFMBE Constitution


text:
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KJCO Search
Korean Journal of Clinical Oncology > Volume 14(1); 2018 > Article
Jo, Kim, Lee, Park, Choi, Yu, Lee, Choi, and Kim: Distribution and survival of primary sarcoma in Korea: A single center analysis of 2017 cases
Korean Journal of Clinical Oncology 2018; 14(1): 30-36.
Published online: June 30, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14216/kjco.18005
Distribution and survival of primary sarcoma in Korea: A single center analysis of 2017 cases
Sung Jun Jo1, Kyeong Sik Kim1, Kyo Won Lee1, Jae Berm Park1, Yoon-La Choi2, Jeong Il Yu3, Su Jin Lee4, Dong Il Choi5, Sung Joo Kim1
Correspondence to: Sung Joo Kim, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan, University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea, Tel: +82-2-3410-3476, Fax: +82-2-3410-0040, E-mail: kmhyj111@gmail.com
Received February 26, 2018 Accepted May 21, 2018
Copyright © Korean Society of Surgical Oncology
Distribution and survival of sarcoma in Korea are not well described, after the changing of sarcoma classification on 2013. The researchers investigated the distribution and survival in single center 2017 cases of sarcoma.
Patients with primary sarcoma, who underwent surgery, were investigated. All cases were collected during a 20 year period (1995–2015) from Samsung Medical Center in Korea. Histopathologic types were classified by World Health Organization (WHO) classification (2013). And overall survival rates were analyzed.
Between 1995 and 2015, 2017 patients were collected. The most frequent type of sarcoma was gastrointestinal tumor (15%), followed by liposarcoma (12%), leiomyosarcoma (9%), dermatofibrosarcoma (6%), giant cell sarcoma (6%). The most common primary site of sarcoma was the intra-abdominal area (45%, including visceral area). Extremities accounted for 26% of all cases. Sixteen percent of sarcoma were located in retroperitoneal area. The overall survival rate was 70.4% (median follow-up time, 36.8 months; range, 0.1–261.3 months). The best prognosis was dermatofibrosarcoma (100%, 5-year survival rate). The worst prognosis was angiosarcoma (39.3%). Survival analysis by the primary site demonstrated favor prognosis in extremities than head & neck, chest lesion.
The researchers reported Korean sarcoma characteristics with using the new WHO classification.
Keywords: Sarcoma, Epidemiology, Korea
Sarcomas were mesenchymal originated tumors, arising in connective tissue. These were a very rare incidence of overall human malignant tumors, accounting for less than 1% of all new cancer diagnoses [1]. This heterogeneous malignancy tumor consists of 70 different histologic subtypes [2].
Histopathologic classification of sarcoma has changed considerably since 1978 [3]. The World Health Organization (WHO) published new sarcoma classification, representing updated consensus, in 2013. According to this, gastrointestinal tumor (GIST) has included in sarcoma and many cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) were classified as specific sarcoma [4]. Many previous reports about the epidemiology of sarcoma were not based on new classification. Only a few studies described the characteristics of sarcoma, and prognosis with new classification.
In Korea, one study reported epidemiology and prognosis of sarcoma. It was based on a previous classification with low volume of data [5]. Therefore, the aim of the study is to analyze the distribution, characteristics, prognosis of sarcoma based on new classification with a retrospective review of single center 2,017 cases.
Data were retrospectively collected from a database of Samsung Medical Hospital, Seoul, Korea, between January 1995 and December 2015. Patients who underwent surgery for primary sarcoma were investigated. Data collected included age, gender, date of surgery, histological type, primary site, completeness of resection, 5-year survival, and overall survival (OS).
Primary sarcoma was defined as a tumor that had not been treated previously, and no evidence of metastasis. Tumors which underwent second surgery due to positive cancer cell on resection margin on first surgery at other hospital were included in this study.
Histologic types were reviewed according to the WHO classification [4]. In the GIST, both high risk group (National Institutes of Health consensus criteria, 2002) and malignant types were included. Tumors were classified according to 15 histologic groups: GIST, liposarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, dermatofibrosarcoma, giant cell tumor, chondrosarcoma, undifferentiated sarcoma, osteosarcoma, MFH, primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET), rhabdomyosarcoma, angiosarcoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST), synovial sarcoma, others (solitary fibrous tumor, myxosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, epithelioid sarcoma, clear cell sarcoma, alveolar soft-part sarcoma, and so on). Liposarcomas were subdivided into five subtypes: well-differentiated, myxoid, dedifferentiated, pleomorphic, not otherwise specified (NOS). The following cases were excluded, for the reasons explained in parentheses: mesothelioma (mesothelial tumors of the pleura), neuroblastoma (tumors of the autonomic nervous system), mesenchymomas (an entity not clearly defined), carcinosarcoma (tumors that is mixture of carcinoma), ganglioneuroblastoma (tumors of the autonomic nervous system). Primary sites were divided into six groups: head & neck, chest, abdominal cavity, upper extremities, lower extremities, others (genital organ, pelvic bone, and vascular lesion). The abdominal cavity was subdivided into three groups: intra-abdominal, retroperitoneal, abdominal wall. The researchers illustrated primary sites and proportion of histological subtypes on one figure (Fig. 1).
Completeness of resection was categorized as clear (R0), microscopically positive (R1), grossly positive (R2). Gross resection status was determined with operating record documented by an operating surgeon. Margin status was investigated based on a pathologic report. A clear margin indicated there was no tumor on resection margin microscopically. A microscopically positive margin indicated microscopically extension of cancer cell regardless of distance from the tumor margin. In addition, cases of undetermined margin status in pathologic report with grossly total resection were considered as R1 resection.
Overall survivorships were calculated from the date of surgery to the last known date of follow-up or the date of death. Date of death was identified from the linkage of Korean Statistical Information Service. Disease specific death was not investigated. Based on 15 histologic subtypes of sarcomas and six primary sites, survival rates were calculated for each types and sites. Estimation of survival was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and survivorship analysis, being assessed by the log-rank test.
Survival graphs were illustrated and analyzed by grouping similar origin of sarcomas together. Rhabdomyosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, synovial sarcoma and leiomyosarcoma were grouped in musculoskeletal group PNET, MPNST and angiosarcoma were in neurovascular group. The other subtypes were grouped in unclassified group including GIST and liposarcoma. On the other hand, survival graphs by primary sites in all kinds of sarcoma were illustrated all together. All analysis was done using SPSS version 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Statistical significance was defined as P< 0.05.
Subtype distribution
Two thousand, one hundred and fifty-eight patients, who underwent surgery for primary sarcoma, were investigated. One hundred and forty-one patients were excluded because of palliative surgery. The median age was 48 years (range, 0–91 years; mean, 45.6 years). The ratio of male to female was 1.04:1. The seventy-one percent (n= 1,425) of patients underwent grossly complete excision, whereas 157 patients (8%) had grossly margin positive. Among all patients, the most common histologic type was GIST (15%), followed by liposarcoma (12%), leiomyosarcoma (9%), dermatofibrosarcoma (6%), giant cell sarcoma (6%) (Table 1).
The most common primary site was the abdominal cavity (45%), followed by the lower extremity (18%), head & neck (12%), chest (11%), others (7%), and upper extremity (7%). Even when dividing the abdominal cavity into three regions: intra-abdominal (27%), retroperitoneal (16%), abdominal wall (2%), the intra-abdominal was still the most common site of sarcoma. In the head & neck region, PNET (13%) was the most common histologic type. Five types of sarcoma (dermatofibrosarcoma [9%], rhabdomyosarcoma [9%], chondrosarcoma [9%], MPNST [7%], angiosarcoma [7%]) accounted for half of the rest. For the thoracic region (chest), the most common histologies were angiosarcoma (11%), undifferentiated sarcoma (10%), followed by dermatofibrosarcoma (8%), primitive neuroectodermal sarcoma (7%), chondrosarcoma (7%), leiomyosarcoma (7%), and liposarcoma (6%). In the abdominal cavity, GIST (34%) was the most common histologic type and liposarcoma (17%) was the second most common type. For extremity sarcoma, the giant cell tumor was the most common subtype on the upper extremity (17%) but be on the third place on lower extremity (15%). Osteosarcoma (18%), liposarcoma (16%) were the most common types on the lower extremity (Fig. 1).
The overall primary site distribution of each histologic subtypes was displayed on Fig. 2. Most of GIST were in abdominal cavity (85%). Retroperitoneal area was accounted for 13%. Only 1% of GIST were in thoracic region. All GIST cases of thoracic region were occurred on esophagus. In liposarcoma, majority of lesion were in retroperitoneal area (50%). Lower extremity was accounted for 23%. The head & neck was the most common primary site of PNET (38%).
The overall sarcoma survival rate was 70.4%, with a median follow-up time of 36.8 months (range, 0.1–261.3 months). The best prognosis subtype was the dermatofibrosarcoma (100%) and followed by GIST (90%). Whereas angiosarcoma (39.3%) demonstrated the worst prognosis.
In the liposarcoma group, survivorship was differed depending on subtypes, ranging from 54.5% (pleomorphic) to 91.8% (well-differentiated). When survivorships were compared each subtype with liposarcoma, NOS, well-differentiated liposarcoma (93.5%, P< 0.0001) and myxoid liposarcoma (88.6%, P< 0.009) demonstrated a better survivorship than liposarcoma NOS (55.6%). The 5-year survivorships of each subtype are demonstrated in Fig. 3A. Survivorship comparison by primary sites was higher in extremities (90.5%) than retroperitoneal (77.6%, P< 0.009), intra-peritoneal (72.0%, P< 0.015) (Fig. 3B).
In the musculoskeletal group, chondrosarcoma (87.7%) demonstrated a better prognosis than the other four subtypes (synovial sarcoma [63.6%], rhabdomyosarcoma [58.7%], osteosarcoma [66.3%], leiomyosarcoma [65.2%], P< 0.001). Except chondrosarcoma, the other subtypes were demonstrated a similar progressive decrease in survivorship graph (Fig. 3C). For the neuromuscular group, angiosarcoma (39.3%) had a poor prognosis in 5-year survival than MPNST (56.4%, P< 0.019), PNET (54.7%, P< 0.037). All the three types were demonstrated similar survival graph until 30 months. However, after 30 months of follow-up, angiosarcoma demonstrated a more significant decrease (Fig. 3D). Especially in leiomyosarcoma, uterus group (72.2%) was demonstrated favor survivorship than non-uterus group (62.4), however it was statistically not significant (P< 0.254) (Fig. 4A, B).
In others group, there was no death in dermatofibrosarcoma patients during 5-year follow-up period. On the comparison with liposarcoma (82.2%) histologic subtype, undifferentiated sarcoma (69.0%), MFH (46.3%) were shown poor prognosis, whereas dermatofibrosarcoma (100%), GIST (90.0%) were better (P< 0.001) (Fig. 4C).
In the comparison of survival rates according to primary sites, the upper extremities (90.2%), and the lower extremities (83.7%) demonstrated less progressive decrease in survivorship graphs than others (79%). Abdominal cavity (76.2%) and head & neck (72.9%) were shown similar curves with others group, but chest group (59.9%) were shown more progressive decrease in survivorship graph. However only upper extremities (P< 0.004), chest region (P< 0.001) were statistically significant (Fig. 4D).
The aim of this study was to estimate histologic distribution, distribution of location, survival rates of sarcoma in the Korea. In addition, this is the first study to show a distribution of sarcoma, including GIST in Korea. In the data, the most common histologic type was GIST, accounting 15% of all. Hui previously reported liposarcoma was the most common [6]. This difference was due to the fact that our institute had only an abdominal sarcoma center without an emphasis on limb sarcoma. In addition, the high incidence of GIST in Korea (16–22 per million) might have affected the underestimation of liposarcoma [7,8]. GIST, liposarcoma and leiomyosarcoma were the most common histologic subtypes. This finding was concurrent with previous other reports [5,9,10]. In addition, the most common place of sarcoma was the abdominal cavity, which was more than sum of upper and lower extremities. Previous reports were reported the extremities as the common place. This difference was due to change of sarcoma classification, especially including GIST [4,5,11]. Distribution of histologic types in other lesions (head & neck, thoracic, extremities) was not concurred with any previous study [5,6,12]. It is not clear why the research data demonstrated a different distribution, especially a low proportion of MFH. However, the exception of metastatic cases and changes in diagnostic criteria of MFH might be an influence in result [3]. Distribution of primary site by the histologic types was concurred with other reports [6,8,13]. For instance, most of GIST occurred in the stomach and small intestine. The retroperitoneum and lower extremities were the most common place in liposarcoma. One third of PNET and rhabdomyosarcoma were diagnosed on the head & neck.
In the present study, 5-year OS of GIST (90%) was demonstrated higher than previous reports (50%–65%) [14,15]. It is unclear why our study demonstrated higher survivorship because this study did not investigate characteristics (mitotic index, size) of GIST. Therefore, further research of this findings will be needed.
Regarding to histologic distribution of liposarcoma in this study, well differentiated and de-differentiated type were the most common types. This is concurrent with previous report of Oh et al. [16]. Which analyzed 213 patients' survival for liposarcoma regarding to histologic subtypes and primary sites. In addition, the 5-year OS according to histologic types was also similar with this research data, favorable 5-year OS in well-differentiated liposarcoma than dedifferentiated liposarcoma and pleomorphic liposarcoma. Previous studies classified inguinal/genitalia as a new group of primary sites in liposarcoma, whereas this study classified inguinal/genitalia, and head & neck as other group altogether. The reason for this classification was that the most of head & neck liposarcoma were occurred in scalp, cheek, skin of neck. Therefore, in this study, the others group demonstrated better survival than retroperitoneal group without death in 5-years.
Chondrosarcoma was found to demonstrate a significant higher 5-year OS (P <0.001) than other subtypes in musculoskeletal group (synovial sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma). Stiller et al. [17] also reported the favor prognosis of chondrosarcoma (76.7%) than osteosarcoma (53.9%) [18]. However, previous reports analyzed survivorship by classifying sarcoma as soft tissue group (leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma) and bone sarcoma group (osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma) [17–19]. There was no recent report of survivorship analysis between chondrosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma.
Leiomyosarcoma demonstrated 65.2% in 5-year OS in present study, which is similar with other reports (64.2%–65.7%) [20,21]. In subgroup analysis between uterus group (72.2%) with non-uterus group (62.4%) in leiomyosarcoma, demonstrated favor survivorship in uterus group than non-uterus group without statistical significance in present study. Lamm et al. [22] that analyzed 95 patients of leiomyosarcoma (50 non-uterus leiomyosarcoma, 45 uterus leiomyosarcoma) also reported the better prognosis in uterus group than non-uterus group (82.6% vs. 41.2%, P< 0.006).
The most of study did not analyze soft tissue sarcoma and bone sarcoma together because of its different subtypes, different natural history and different response to therapy [16–18]. However, this study was conducted distribution and survivorships analysis together. Therefore, It will be need more specific survivorship analysis in future study by subgrouping as soft tissue sarcoma, bone tissue sarcoma, adult (over 18 age) sarcoma, child sarcoma (under 18 age) etc.
There are some limitations in this study. First, it was a retrospective analysis. Second, a pathologic slide review was not conducted. Therefore, there can be misdiagnosed cases due to changing classifications. In addition, as mentioned above, because of characteristics in the study institution (having only abdominal sarcoma center without Limb sarcoma center). Selection bias also exists.
These data demonstrated subtypes and survival rate for sarcoma patients in South Korea by new classification of WHO (2013). The distribution of sarcoma seems to be similar with pervious report. Whereas survival rates were higher than previous reports especially in GIST. The reason of this finding was not clarified; further investigation is needed to confirm this finding.
1. Ressing M, Wardelmann E, Hohenberger P, Jakob J, Kasper B, Emrich K, et al. Strengthening health data on a rare and heterogeneous disease: sarcoma incidence and histological subtypes in Germany. BMC Public Health. 2018; 18:235.
2. Fairweather M, Wang J, Jo VY, Baldini EH, Bertagnolli MM, Raut CP. Incidence and adverse prognostic implications of histopathologic organ invasion in primary retroperitoneal sarcoma. J Am Coll Surg. 2017; 224:876–83.
3. Toro JR, Travis LB, Wu HJ, Zhu K, Fletcher CD, Devesa SS. Incidence patterns of soft tissue sarcomas, regardless of primary site, in the surveillance, epidemiology and end results program, 1978–2001: an analysis of 26,758 cases. Int J Cancer. 2006; 119:2922–30.
4. Jo VY, Doyle LA. Refinements in sarcoma classification in the current 2013 World Health Organization classification of tumours of soft tissue and bone. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2016; 25:621–43.
5. Choi KU, Kang HY, Koo H, Kwon MS, Kim DH, Kim MJ, et al. Type and incidence of soft tissue sarcomas in Korea: 2001–2007. Korean J Pathol. 2011; 45:557–63.
6. Hui JY. Epidemiology and etiology of sarcomas. Surg Clin North Am. 2016; 96:901–14.
7. Cho MY, Sohn JH, Kim JM, Kim KM, Park YS, Kim WH, et al. Current trends in the epidemiological and pathological characteristics of gastrointestinal stromal tumors in Korea, 2003–2004. J Korean Med Sci. 2010; 25:853–62.
8. Soreide K, Sandvik OM, Soreide JA, Giljaca V, Jureckova A, Bulusu VR. Global epidemiology of gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST): a systematic review of population-based cohort studies. Cancer Epidemiol. 2016; 40:39–46.
9. Corey RM, Swett K, Ward WG. Epidemiology and survivorship of soft tissue sarcomas in adults: a national cancer database report. Cancer Med. 2014; 3:1404–15.
10. Honore C, Meeus P, Stoeckle E, Bonvalot S. Soft tissue sarcoma in France in 2015: epidemiology, classification and organization of clinical care. J Visc Surg. 2015; 152:223–30.
11. Coindre JM, Terrier P, Guillou L, Le Doussal V, Collin F, Ranchere D, et al. Predictive value of grade for metastasis development in the main histologic types of adult soft tissue sarcomas: a study of 1240 patients from the French Federation of Cancer Centers Sarcoma Group. Cancer. 2001; 91:1914–26.
12. Sturgis EM, Potter BO. Sarcomas of the head and neck region. Curr Opin Oncol. 2003; 15:239–52.
13. Ferrari A, Sultan I, Huang TT, Rodriguez-Galindo C, Shehadeh A, Meazza C, et al. Soft tissue sarcoma across the age spectrum: a population-based study from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2011; 57:943–9.
14. Lai EC, Lau SH, Lau WY. Current management of gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a comprehensive review. Int J Surg. 2012; 10:334–40.
15. Li J, Zhang H, Chen Z, Su K. Clinico-pathological characteristics and prognostic factors of gastrointestinal stromal tumors among a Chinese population. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2015; 8:15969–76.
16. Oh YJ, Yi SY, Kim KH, Cho YJ, Beum SH, Lee YH, et al. Prognostic model to predict survival outcome for curatively resected liposarcoma: a multi-institutional experience. J Cancer. 2016; 7:1174–80.
17. Stiller CA, Trama A, Serraino D, Rossi S, Navarro C, Chirlaque MD, et al. Descriptive epidemiology of sarcomas in Europe: report from the RARECARE project. Eur J Cancer. 2013; 49:684–95.
18. Hodel S, Seeli F, Fuchs B. Demographic analysis of patients with osteosarcoma, chonddrosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma from one sarcoma center in Switzerland. Praxis (Bern 1994). 2015; 104:673–80.
19. Skubitz KM, D'Adamo DR. Sarcoma. Mayo Clin Proc. 2007; 82:1409–32.
20. Cui RR, Wright JD, Hou JY. Uterine leiomyosarcoma: a review of recent advances in molecular biology, clinical management and outcome. BJOG. 2017; 124:1028–37.
21. Yu T, Kim HJ, Wu HG, Ha SW, Song YS, Park NH, et al. Outcome analysis in patients with uterine sarcoma. Radiat Oncol J. 2015; 33:29–35.
22. Lamm W, Natter C, Schur S, Kostler WJ, Reinthaller A, Krainer M, et al. Distinctive outcome in patients with non-uterine and uterine leiomyosarcoma. BMC Cancer. 2014; 14:981.
Subtype distribution according to histologic types, primary sites. PNET, primitive neuroectodermal tumor; MPNST, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor; MFH, malignant fibrous histiocytoma; GIST, gastrointestinal tumor.
Primary site distribution of histologic subtypes.
Survival outcome according to subtypes. (A) Five-year overall survival (OS) of liposarcoma for each subtypes, (B) 5-year OS of liposarcoma for each primary site, (C) 5-year OS of musculoskeletal group, (D) 5-year OS of neurovascular group. WD, well differentiated; DD, dedifferentiated; NOS, not otherwise specified.
Survival outcome according to subtypes. (A) Five-year overall survival (OS) of leiomyosarcoma in uterus, non-uterus group, (B) 5-year OS of leiomyosarcoma for each primary site, (C) 5-year OS of others group, (D) 5-year OS of primary site.
Demographic of the patients (n=2,017)
Male 1,032 (51)
Female 985 (49)
Age (yr) 48 (0–91)
Head & neck 236 (12)
Chest 226 (11)
Upper extremity 134 (7)
Abdominal cavity 914 (45)
Intra-abdominal 550 (27)
Retroperitoneal 315 (16)
Abdominal wall 49 (2)
Lower extremity 369 (18)
Others 138 (7)
Gastrointestinal tumor 311 (15)
Liposarcoma 252 (12)
Leiomyosarcoma 187 (9)
Dermatofibrosarcoma 124 (6)
Giant cell sarcoma 113 (6)
Chondrosarcoma 106 (5)
Undifferentiated sarcoma 100 (5)
Osteosarcoma 95 (5)
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma 80 (4)
Primitive neuroectodermal tumor 78 (4)
Rhabdomyosarcoma 63 (3)
Angiosarcoma 61 (3)
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor 55 (3)
Synovial sarcoma 55 (3)
Others 337 (17)
Completeness of resection
R0 1,425 (71)
R1 435 (21)
R2 157 (8)
Values are presented number (%) or median (range).


text:
Home»Property
Georgian home offers chance to step back in time
By Trish Dromney
Period property was carefully renovated to retain unique features, says Trish Dromey.
Castleconnell, Limerick €450,000
BER: Exempt
THE GRACE and elegance of a bygone era are much in evidence in this three-storey Georgian property, one of five in a terrace, at 3 The Tontines, Castleconnell in Limerick.
(A tontine was a European share investment method used to raise capital and to fund building, popular in earlier centuries, and used in Limerick city's Pery Square, and in Castleconnell among other locations.)
Carefully renovated by current owners it offers 3,250 sq ft of living space with features such as high ceiling and cornicing, original fireplaces and floorboards and a cellar in the basement.
Adaptations for the 21st Century include the addition of a large modern kitchen in a single storey extension at the rear, and it has had replacement pvc windows fitted to the front. The front door's original, under a simple arch with ornate tracery in the fan-light.
Selling agents Sherry FitzGerald O'Malley say this is a beautiful property with long gardens and courtyard, situated in a terrace where properties don't come on the market very often. Guiding at €450,000, it's within minutes of Castleconnell village which is 14 km from Limerick.
As befitting a property of its era it has a large drawing room and a large dining room both with fireplaces and original flooring.
The kitchen has a vaulted ceiling, handmade white and grey units and Italian tiling. In the basement there's a large family room, a games room and a large cellar.
The first floor has a master bedroom, a study and a very large bathroom with a freestanding bath. The second floor has three bedrooms and a bathroom.
In front of the house is a graveled parking area and, across the gravel is a long, walled lawned area with play space, and to the rear is a courtyard.
Dating from 1812, the house has now been fitted with oil-fired central heating and has double glazed windows.
VERDICT: a spacious and gracious trade up


Fonterra's Global Dairy Trade for dairy products saw prices rise by 3.6% in the latest auction, which took place today.
The rise comes following Fonterra's last dairy trade auction before Christmas also showed a increase of 2.4% in the overall auction index.
Today's trade yielded a much more positive result for dairy products than seen at previous Fonterra auctions held since last summer.
All products traded showed an increase in price index compared to the previous auction with key product Whole Milk Powder (WMP) prices up 1.6% on the previous auction. WMP averaged $2,307/tonne across all contracts.
At the auction the average weighted butter price was up 13.2% from the last auction, at $3,558/tonne.
The previous trading, in early December, was up 2.4%.The next trading event is January 20.
When combined with the previously announced estimated dividend range of NZ$ 25-35c/share, this amounts to a forecast cash payout of $4.95 – $5.05 for the current season.
Chairman John Wilson said that although dairy farmers were expecting this lower forecast, the revision will put pressure on their farming business budgets.
"There is still considerable volatility in global dairy markets," he said.


text:
BC Metis Federation Sends Letter to The Royal Cana...
BC Metis Federation Sends Letter to The Royal Canadian Legion Grand President
BC Metis federation letter sent earlier today…
Mr. L. Murray, C.M.M., C D
Grand President, The Royal Canadian Legion
Re: Legion Magazine Article November/December 2012- 12 Military Events That Shaped Canada
Dear Mr. Murray,
I write to request your immediate assistance regarding an article written by J.L. Granatstein in the recent publication of the Legion Magazine. Mr. Granatstein wrote an article entitled "12 Military Events That Shaped Canada" beginning on page 22 of this latest magazine edition. The first such event identified by Mr. Granatstein was The Northwest Rebellion, 1885. This article has caused great consternation and outrage in our Métis community because Mr. Granatstein has made a statement in this article whereby he describes Louis Riel as "mad".
The BC Métis Federation represents several thousand Métis people in British Columbia including many who have supported their local Legion Branch and are proud Métis veterans. Mr. Granatstein's inaccurate and malicious statement is completely insensitive to the thousands of Métis people who support their local Legion and to the proud memory of one of the most important historic Métis leaders. I can assure you that I have been contacted on several occasions by current Legion members who will remove themselves from supporting their Legion until this matter is resolved.
What is most unfortunate is that Mr. Granatstein's comments suggesting Louis Riel as mad will provide incorrect education to the hundreds of thousands of Métis and non Métis people who read the Legion Magazine. We understand the Legion Magazine is distributed to many subscribers and Legion Branches throughout all of Canada.
We are aware Mr. Granatstein served in the Canadian Army from 1956 to 1966. After which, he taught at York University until 1996 where he is Distinguished Research Professor of History Emeritus. We know Mr. Granatstein is an outspoken defender of traditional narrative history in lectures, books, print, and broadcast media. Mr. Granatstein has also been involved in television coverage of political and military events. Mr. Granatstein has also expressed serious reservations about multiculturalism and a disdain for Quebec independence. Our interpretation is that Mr. Granatstein has deliberately taken a perspective about his view regarding Louis Riel and the events that remain sacred to our Métis people throughout Canada in 1869-1970 and 1885. Mr. Granatstein ought to know better than writing such an outrageous claim about Louis Riel and Therefore the BC Métis Federation, on behalf of the thousands of Métis veterans and legion members and our Métis people in BC, are demanding that Mr. Granatstein immediately retract his incorrect statement. We further suggest that your office send out a public correspondence ensuring that The Royal Canadian Legion does not endorse or support Mr. Granatstein's statement. We would also expect clarification about the role of the Legion Magazine and addressing who is responsible for the release of such an inflammatory statement about a Métis hero.
In closing the continued lack of understanding of our proud Métis history in all institutions must be addressed throughout Canada. It is shameful that such a publication would be released as all veterans, including several thousand Métis, are about to be honoured as Canadians share Remembrance Day celebrations throughout Canada on November 11. Furthermore it is even more shocking that the Legion Magazine would publish such a statement about Louis Riel in light of November 16th, a date of special Métis remembrance in honour of Louis Riel where Métis communities and families recognize our rightful place in Canada because of this great man's ultimate sacrifice.
BC Métis Federation has created cross cultural programming such as Métis Connect in an effort to assist individuals such as Mr. Granatstein understand the real story of the Métis people in Canada and our historical events and shared history. I would strongly encourage the Legion to review the culture and proper historical information located on our website www.bcmetis.com. I have enclosed a correspondence from Métis historians and authors George and Terry Goulet as further insight into the seriousness of the matter.
I can be contacted by email k.henry@bcmetis.com or cell 1-778-388-5013 to further discuss and resolve this matter in a timely fashion
Keith Henry
cc BC Métis Federation Board Members
BC Métis Federation Statement of Cooperation Communities
BC Métis Federation MOU Partners
BC Métis Federation Members
Canadian Aboriginal Veterans and Serving Members Association
Editor Legion Magazine
Enclosure Article from Legion Magazine Page 22 and 23
George and Terry Goulet Letter
[ilink url="/wp-content/uploads/BC-Metis-Federation-Letter-Legion-President-November-1st-2012.pdff" style="download"]Download this Letter in PDF[/ilink]
[ilink url="/wp-content/uploads/George-and-Terry-Goulet-Letter-to-Editor-Legion-Magazine-October-2012.pdf" style="download"]George and Terry Goulet Letter to Editor Legion Magazine October 201[/ilink]
[ilink url="/wp-content/uploads/Legion-Magazine-Article-Pages-22-and-23-November-December-Edition.pdf" style="download"]Legion Magazine Article Pages 22 and 23 November December Edition[/ilink]


text:
Former Wohler Exec Joins Lawo
By Claudia Kienzle published 26 April 18
RASTATT, GERMANY—Lawo, a German-based developer of IP-based audio/video systems and control solutions, has tapped Craig Newbury as Director of Sales and Operations, with responsibilities for the company's activities in the United Kingdom and Ireland.
In a broadcast technology career spanning 18 years, Newbury has held various senior sales management positions—in technical, operational, and commercial roles—across the UK and Europe, most recently Vice President of Sales and Marketing for Wohler.
"Lawo is a progressive, engineering-led company, which holds values of innovation, quality and reliability at its heart," said Newbury. "The company's unique selection of solutions allows it to offer its customers a complete IP-based broadcast workflow across audio production, video infrastructure, control and analysis. Lawo's technological innovation, future-oriented thinking, and absolute focus on customer satisfaction made Lawo a natural choice."
Lawo designs and manufactures technology systems for broadcast and post production, including control and monitoring systems, digital audio mixing consoles, IP-based A/V infrastructure, video processing and routing systems.
With the broadcast industry's shift to IP-based content production and delivery, Lawo introduced its "Broadcast 3.0" concept, in May 2017, which encompassed managing video, audio, metadata, ancillary data and control data as elementary or transport streams utilizing IP networking technology and COTS hardware.
With respect to IP-based systems, Lawo introduced its Seamless Orchestration and Unification Layer (SOUL) IP-based production service, and an IP-based audio production console for its MC2 series for applications requiring very large format mixing and routing functionality.
According to Jamie Dunn, Lawo's Head of Global Sales: "Craig is a perfect fit with Team Lawo as we continue to invest in important markets such as the UK."
Lawo
Broadcast 3.0


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R Perkins & Sons are experts in all things related to building heating and cooling. When engineering solutions, we allways try to maintain a balance between capital investment and energy efficiency. As such, many of our new systems utilise innovative modern technology designed to give great overal energy usage savings, decreasing the life-time cost of the equipment.


text:
YSM faculty trumpeter Allan Dean to retire
Allan Dean
Over the course of 30 years at the Yale School of Music, faculty trumpeter Allan Dean has shared with students, colleagues, and audiences alike the yield of his vast musical experience. His career has been marked as much by excellence as it has by curiosity. Today, as Dean makes plans to retire at the end of the academic year, we celebrate what he has meant to our community and to the wider musical world.
"My gratitude for his collegiality and personal friendship is boundless," YSM Dean Robert Blocker told the School of Music community. "Allan has contributed significantly to the artistic and academic maturation of the School of Music and to the discipline of music."
Dean has played with the most venerated brass ensembles, including the New York Brass Quintet, of which he was a member for nearly two decades, as well as the American Brass Quintet, Summit Brass, St. Louis Brass Quintet, and Yale Brass Trio, alongside faculty hornist William Purvis and faculty trombonist Scott Hartman. For more than 20 years in New York City, Dean performed and recorded extensively, appearing on dozens of major-label releases of repertoire from early music to contemporary works.
A founding member of Calliope: A Renaissance Band and the New York Cornet and Sacbut Ensemble, Dean's exploration of early music and period instruments has included performances with the Waverly Consort and the Smithsonian Chamber Players.
"This is a profoundly sad moment for me, but also an extraordinarily inspiring moment," Purvis wrote on Facebook. "Allan has pursued a remarkably independent life in music that has epitomized curiosity and excellence in every aspect, every corner of music, to an extent that continues to inspire and instruct me on a daily basis."
As a teacher, Dean has mentored musicians at such respected institutions as Indiana University, the Manhattan School of Music, and the Eastman School of Music. He has also taught and performed at festivals in the United States and abroad including the Spoleto and Casals festivals, and the Yale Summer School of Music/Norfolk Chamber Music Festival. Trumpeter and Yale School of Music alumna Jean Laurenz '13MM '14AD said that Dean, "more than anything, created an environment of camaraderie that allowed each of our individual artistic voices to flourish."
Dean arrived at YSM in 1988, succeeding longtime faculty trumpeter Robert Nagel Jr., with whom Dean worked in the New York Brass Quintet. In that respect, Dean continued a legacy at Yale while bringing his unique personality to his work. Dean has "transformed the lives of his students, his colleagues, and indeed those fortunate enough to have heard his performances on stage and through recordings," Blocker said.
Allan Dean's next concert at Yale will be with his colleagues in the Yale Brass Trio. A date for that performance will be announced soon.
YSM Student News | October 2018
Ethan Braun
Organist David von Behren '19MM toured the U.K. this past summer, performing recitals at St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, Clare College, Cambridge University, and Chester Cathedral. Von Behren also joined the teaching faculty of this year's American Guild of Organists' Pipe Organ Encounter Plus program in Rockford, Ill.
Two major works by composer Ethan Braun '21DMA were premiered this fall including an evening-length work performed by Ensemble Klang and the Gaudeamus Muziekweek in The Netherlands, and a work for brass quintet and electronics performed by the Los Angeles Philharmonic. An opera commissioned by the City of Berlin's Hauptstadtkulturfonds will be premiered in December.
Tubist Jake Fewx '18MM '19MMA won first prize in the Tuba Artist division at the 2018 Leonard Falcone International Euphonium and Tuba Festival Competition in August.
Violinist Bora Kim '16MM '17MMA '23DMA successfully auditioned for the chance to borrow a 1747 Palmason Januarius Gagliano violin (valued at $425,000) for three years from the Canada Council for the Arts' Musical Instrument Bank.
Composer Alexis C. Lamb '20MM will have her first work for orchestra premiered in March 2019 by the Arizona State University Symphony Orchestra. Lamb will also perform with the world music sextet Projeto Arcomusical in the premiere of a new concerto by Elliot Cole.
Ingram Lee '19MM won the position of Second Trombone with the Bangor Symphony Orchestra in Maine.
Composer Aaron Israel Levin '19MM had two pieces performed as part of the National Conference of the Society of Composers: Springbokkie was performed in Tacoma, Wash., last March, and Operating Room was performed at Indiana University in September.
Violinists Gregory Lewis '19MM and Marianne di Tomaso '17MM '19MMA participated in the Violin Competition at the Virtuoso & Belcanto Festival in Lucca, Italy, in July. Tomaso earned first prize and Lewis earned second prize.
As the grand prize winner of the New York Youth Symphony's First Music program, Ryan Lindveit '19MM was commissioned to write an orchestral piece that will be premiered in Carnegie Hall in May 2019 and performed by Interlochen's World Youth Symphony Orchestra in July 2019.
Liliya Ugay
Trumpeter Chloe Swindler '19MM was selected to tour as an Associate Artist with the Rodney Marsalis Philadelphia Big Brass for its 2018-2019 season. The tour includes performances in New York, Vermont, Arizona, Philadelphia, Wisconsin, Texas, and Iowa.
Composer Liliya Ugay '16MM '22DMA was a Baumgardner Fellow at the Norfolk Chamber Music Festival's Choral Workshop. Ugay was also selected as a composer-in-residence at the American Lyric Theater, where she will work on a full-length opera in 2018-2020.
As the first-prize and audience-prize winner in the Young Artist Division at the 2017 Albert Schweitzer Organ Festival, organist Grant Wareham '20MM performed at St. John's Episcopal Church in Hartford in September.
YSM faculty mezzo-soprano Janna Baty, on collaborating with faculty pianist Peter Frankl
On Wednesday, Nov. 8, YSM faculty pianist Peter Frankl will give one of his last performances at Yale before retiring at the end of the semester. He'll be joined for an all-Schumann program by faculty mezzo-soprano Janna Baty and baritone Randall Scarlata. We asked Prof. Baty about collaborating with Prof. Frankl, and about her colleague's contributions to the Yale community and beyond.
Q: What about working with Peter Frankl is inspiring and artistically nourishing?
JB: He is utterly engaged and dedicated to getting the music right. He is exacting in his own work, which inspires me in mine. He is also deeply in love with vocal literature, which (alas!) cannot be said of all pianists, and understands its conventions and techniques. He has a Geiger counter-like sensitivity to the placement of consonants and an in-depth knowledge of every inch of the poetry, which means he colors his accompaniments perfectly. Schumann is especially good with Peter, as the singer and pianist are effectively two sides of the character's brain. It's an immersive and even overwhelming experience to work with him, one for which I'm enormously grateful.
Q: What are your conversations about music like?
JB: They range from matter-of-fact (tempi, rubati, choices of repertoire) to gossipy! We both adore opera and spend a disproportionate amount of time talking about this production and that, this singer and that. It's always so much fun. Our musical conversations — meaning, poetry — are mostly just that, expressed in the music. When you get it, you get it.
Q: What do you learn — and what have you learned — about music and your own artistry from working with Peter? (In a sense, what kind of teacher is he?)
JB: My first collaboration was with Peter and Claude Frank singing Brahms' Liebeslieder-Walzer as a graduate student (calling it a collaboration is a stretch … it was a public recital at the Norfolk Chamber Music Festival, but for us singers it was a master class!) and, more than 25 years later, this recital is the most recent. I've learned that sincerity, dedication, honesty, and passion onstage are all that matter. The other junk — egos, publicity, the public reaction — just doesn't matter. When you are completely committed onstage, the audience comes with you.
Q: What do you hope audiences take away from the concerts you perform with Peter Frankl?
JB: That vocal chamber music is every bit as viable an art form as any other type of piano repertoire. It is, in so many ways, the most important form of chamber music of all, because it includes words. Peter treats collaborations with singers no differently than he treats collaborations with other artists, which is validating to singers like myself and so important for the public to see. I wish all pianists had this dedication to and skill with the repertoire!
Q: How would you describe Peter's artistic contribution to the YSM community and beyond?
JB: Immeasurable. He is a treasure and will be missed profoundly. But I have a feeling we'll see him around here again someday! Are you listening, Peter?
Peter Frankl will perform a Horowitz Piano Series recital on Wednesday, Nov. 8, at 7:30 pm, in Morse Recital Hall. He'll be joined by faculty mezzo-soprano Janna Baty and baritone Randall Scarlata in an all-Schumann program. Learn more and buy tickets.
YSM faculty pianist Peter Frankl to retire after 30 years, having inspired generations
Peter Frankl
By Lucile Bruce
Peter Frankl will retire at the end of this semester, concluding his remarkable 30 year career at the Yale School of Music, where he has touched the minds — and more important, the hearts — of hundreds of students.A virtuoso performer and beloved teacher, Frankl was born in Budapest, Hungary, in 1935, into a musical family. His parents were semi-professional musicians who played piano at home. They took their son to many concerts and he remembers hearing "many great artists like Klemperer, Bernstein, and my idol, the pianist Annie Fischer."
Frankl began playing the piano at age 5. "It has been my passion in life ever since," he said.
He made his London debut in 1962 and his New York debut with the Cleveland Orchestra under George Szell in 1967. Since then, he has played on the world's top stages with the most celebrated orchestras and eminent conductors, including Abbado, Boulez, Davis, Haitink, Maazel, Masur, Muti, and Solti. His world tours have taken him to Japan, Korea, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. He has appeared more than 20 times at London's BBC Proms and at many major festivals. Inspired as a young musician by the legendary Leó Weiner, his chamber music teacher, Frankl is also a well- known chamber music performer. For years, the Frankl-Pauk- Kirshbaum Trio traveled the world, and Frankl's many chamber music partners include the world's most renowned artists.
It was Boris Berman, professor of piano and coordinator of the piano department at YSM, who invited Frankl to come to Yale, first in 1987 as a visiting teaching artist.
Until that time, Frankl's occupation was mainly concertizing; he rarely taught, even master classes. "It never occurred to me to teach on a regular basis," he said. "However, Yale's reputation attracted me greatly and I decided to give it a try."
He harbored a deeper reason, however, for teaching. "By then I was 52 years old," he explained. "I had the impression that the young generation of pianists were more interested in reaching technical perfection than in involving themselves in the emotional and spiritual meaning of what each composer wanted to express in their works.
"Somehow I started feeling responsible towards the future of music-making," he continued. "Instead of grumbling about this, I wanted to do something positive."
He thoroughly enjoyed the atmosphere at YSM, including the School's "relatively intimate size." As two esteemed piano faculty members were approaching retirement, Yale offered to extend Frankl's appointment. He gladly accepted. MORE
New oratorio by Martin Bresnick to be premiered at International Festival of Arts & Ideas
Martin Bresnick. Photo by Nina Roberts
A new oratorio by School of Music faculty composer Martin Bresnick will be premiered at Yale on June 20 as part of the International Festival of Arts & Ideas, which commissioned the piece. The oratorio, Whitman, Melville, Dickinson — Passions of Bloom, will be performed again on June 21 at the Yale Summer School of Music/Norfolk Chamber Music Festival. The oratorio, which celebrates the work of its namesakes — Walt Whitman, Herman Melville, Emily Dickinson, and distinguished literary critic Harold Bloom, the Sterling Professor of the Humanities and English at Yale — will be performed by the Yale Choral Artists and members of the Yale Philharmonia. Vocal soloists include YSM faculty tenor James Taylor, who'll sing Bloom's words. The oratorio is modeled on Bach's St. John Passion. Bresnick assembled the libretto using poems by Whitman, Melville, and Dickinson and excerpts from Bloom's The Daemon Knows: Literary Greatness and the American Sublime.
Talking about the poetry of the 19th century writers he's celebrating, Bresnick said, "These particular works have been part of my mental universe since I was a young student. Still others I only recently got more closely acquainted with." He's been familiar with Bloom's work for many years. In the mid-1980s, Bresnick composed music for the PBS series Voices & Visions, which, through interviews with such experts as Bloom, explored the lives of American poets. At that moment, Bresnick said, he felt that Bloom, who earned his Ph.D. from Yale in 1956, had established himself as a kind of Marlon Brando of critics, inasmuch as the "degree of passion and devotion he brought to his explanations" was "almost poetic." It was while working on For the Sexes: The Gates of Paradise, based on the William Blake poem, that Bresnick got to know Bloom and appreciate the shared "commonalities in our origins and points of departure." In incorporating excerpts from The Daemon Knows into his oratorio, Bresnick had permission from Bloom to use "anything I wanted."
Modeling the oratorio on Bach's St. John Passion was a logical step considering that Bloom's voice in the piece is not unlike that of the Evangelist — the narrator — in Bach's passions. And Taylor, Bresnick pointed out, is a "well-known Evangelist in the world of the two Bach passions." In addition to Taylor, Bresnick said, "I needed some very special singers." Enter the Yale Choral Artists.
"Several of the soloists for this performance also happen to be YSM alumni, from both the Institute of Sacred Music's voice program and from Yale Opera, including two former students of Jimmy's — Paul Tipton and Sherezade Panthaki," YCA founding director and YSM professor of choral conducting, Jeffrey Douma, said. School of Music alumni who'll be performing include mezzo-soprano Katherine Maroney '06MM, soprano Megan Chartrand '13MM, soprano Sarah Yanovitch '15MM, tenor Colin Britt '10MM, tenor Gene Stenger '15MM, and tenor Steven Soph '12MM. Bass-baritone Tipton '10MM will sing Melville's words, while Maroney and soprano Panthaki '11AD will sing text by Dickinson. Additional vocal soloists include tenor Brian Giebler, who'll sing words by Whitman, bass Glenn Miller, who'll sing the words of Captain Ahab, from Melville's Moby-Dick, and baritone Thomas McCargar, who'll sing the words of Melville's Ishmael.
"During his composition process," Douma said, "Martin often showed me excerpts of the solo writing he was developing, and would describe the kinds of voices he was hearing. This helped me choose singers from within the ranks of the Choral Artists best suited to each role."
Bresnick's oratorio, Douma said, "references not only Bach but also Brahms and other composers. People who know the St. John Passion will hear distinct echoes of its opening chorus ("Herr, unser Herrscher") in Martin's opening chorus ("Shine! Shine! Shine!"). For me as conductor, knowing that Bach was a starting point for Martin has influenced my thinking about the melodic writing in the piece and its relationship to the text. Martin may not be quoting Bach, but his careful attention to the natural rise and fall of the language and his singularly expressive way of emphasizing particular words reminds me very much of Bach's use of melody, especially in the extended recitatives we hear in his passions. It has reinforced how important it will be for the audience to connect with the language in a very direct way."
Of the literary works that inspired the oratorio, Douma said, "I love all three of the writers who inhabit this piece, but I will admit that my understanding of each of them — especially Melville — has been enriched greatly by the process of preparing this music."
Originally, Bresnick said, he conceived a piece that would celebrate Bloom's writings on Whitman. "I found that that wasn't congenial for me," he said. "That wasn't enough." The piece "needed more contrast."
Bloom, Bresnick said, is "very shy about the fact that this whole thing, in some ways, is about him."
Whitman, Melville, Dickinson — Passions of Bloom will receive its world-premiere performance, as part of the International Festival of Arts & Ideas, on Tuesday, June 20, at 8 pm, in Morse Recital Hall at the Yale School of Music. The oratorio will be performed again on Wednesday, June 21, at 7:30 pm, at the Norfolk Chamber Music Festival.
INTERNATIONAL FESTIVAL OF ARTS & IDEAS PERFORMANCE
NORFOLK PERFORMANCE
Rolston String Quartet named YSM's new fellowship quartet-in-residence
Rolston String Quartet | Photo by Tianxiao Zhang Photography
The Rolston String Quartet '16Norfolk has been named the new fellowship quartet-in-residence at the Yale School of Music. The group, whose previous residencies include the Yale Summer School of Music/Norfolk Chamber Music Festival in the summer of 2016, will begin their tenure at YSM this fall. While at Yale, the quartet will work closely with the Brentano String Quartet — YSM's quartet-in-residence — perform recitals, and participate in education-outreach programs.
"The Rolston String Quartet is very eager to come to New Haven as the Yale School of Music's fellowship quartet-in-residence," the group said in a statement. "We are incredibly optimistic about the possibilities for development and growth provided by Yale's stimulating environment. We can't wait to meet the Yale students and faculty who will illuminate and influence this new experience. Working closely with the Brentano Quartet is a dream come true. They are endlessly generous and inspiring people whose artistic spirits are to be admired. We look forward to deepening our musical understandings, refining our interpretations, and benefiting from their extensive professional experience.
"We will be so lucky to be able to coach chamber ensembles made up of Yale (undergraduate) students; this opportunity is a rare one that will yield immense insight into the complexities of teaching music. The fellowship program at Yale will aid our growth as we cultivate an ensemble that reflects the values of community, the highest levels of artistic and academic excellence, and the important traditions of chamber music," the group said.
Inside YSM: Noah Kay '18MM, oboe
Noah Kay
Oboist Noah Kay '18MM recently talked with us about being drawn to YSM and Prof. Stephen Taylor's studio by his experiences at the Yale Summer School of Music / Norfolk Chamber Music Festival, and about his time, so far, here at Yale. Here's what Noah had to say.
"Attending Norfolk in the summer of 2014 definitely fueled my interest in Yale and what it has to offer. Having the opportunity to work in close quarters with such great faculty and students in such a great environment was really beneficial, and it opened my eyes to how enriching an experience playing chamber music can be. Prof. Taylor's attitude toward music is something that really attracted me to his studio. Having spent a semester here, I can say that I really value the fact that he approaches everything with humor. The oboe can be a tremendously stressful instrument (mostly because of our reed-making plight), and he has taught me how to stay upbeat and positive even when things are not going as smoothly as I'd like. Lessons with him are all about diving deep into the music and figuring out how to polish an interpretation even further, and my mental process when practicing or learning a piece has taken on much more refinement as a result. MORE
Juliana Hall '87MM premieres song-cycle at Norfolk
Juliana Hall
O Mistress Mine, a song-cycle for countertenor by composer Juliana Hall '87MM, received its world-premiere performance on Aug. 5 at the Norfolk Chamber Music Festival. The piece, which is set to texts from Shakespeare's plays, was performed by Darryl Taylor with the composer at the piano. The song-cycle was written for countertenor Brian Asawa, who was to perform the premiere but died in April. The Norfolk performance honored Asawa's memory and recognized the 400th anniversary of the Bard's death.
The Aug. 5 performance of O Mistress Mine kicked off a season in which Hall's vocal works Christina's World; Roosters, The Bells, and How Do I Love Thee?; and Upon This Summer's Day will be premiered in programs of the Cincinnati Song Initiative, the Contemporary Undercurrent of Song Project in Princeton, New Jersey, and the London Festival of American Music, respectively. Other song-cycles by Hall have been programmed for performances this season in Boston, New York, and Washington, D.C.
Hall studied composition at the Yale School of Music with Martin Bresnick, Leon Kirchner, and Frederic Rzewski. She was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in 1989. Hall has composed works for such acclaimed vocalists as Asawa, baritone David Malis, and soprano Dawn Upshaw and has had her music performed around the world.
Rolston String Quartet wins Banff International String Quartet Competition
The Rolston String Quartet ('16 Norfolk) has been named the First Prize Laureate of the 2016 Banff International String Quartet Competition, which concluded after five rounds on Saturday, September 4. "In addition to a generous cash prize of $25,000," the Banff Centre for Arts and Creativity announced, "the Rolston String Quartet will benefit from a comprehensive custom-designed three-year career development program including a professional recording at Banff Centre and a performance tour in over 50 North American and European cities." The ensemble also won the Esterházy Foundation Prize and the Lunenburg Academy of Music Performance Prize.
"This young quartet now has the opportunity to share their artistry with the world," Barry Shiffman, the competition's executive director, was quoted as saying.
The Tesla Quartet, whose members—including violist Edward Kaplan '10MM '11AD—attended Norfolk in 2011, earned Second Prize at the BISQC, receiving a $12,000 award. The Tesla Quartet also won the R.S. Williams & Sons Haydn Prize and the Canadian Commission Prize, each of which came with a $3,000 award. MORE
Paul Hawkshaw to retire as Director of Norfolk Chamber Music Festival
Music Shed at the Norfolk Chamber Music Festival
Robert Blocker, Dean of the Yale School of Music, announced today that the School of Music and the Yale Summer School of Music/Norfolk Chamber Music Festival will have a major leadership transition in 2016. Paul Hawkshaw, who has served as the festival's director since 2004, will retire after the 2016 season. Melvin Chen, Deputy Dean of the Yale School of Music, has been appointed as Hawkshaw's successor.
Under Hawkshaw's leadership, the program has flourished. Audiences perennially flock to the bucolic setting, with ticket sales continuing to grow even while other classical music organizations around the world suffer from declining attendance. Ambitious restoration projects are ensuring that Norfolk's buildings will endure: Whitehouse has been restored to its former beauty after its recovery from devastating water damage, and the first phase of the Music Shed restoration has provided a new roof, siding, and a beautifully reconstructed cupola atop the 1906 acoustic gem.
"Paul Hawkshaw has been a transformative and visionary leader for the Norfolk program," noted Dean Blocker. "Perhaps even most significant is the warmth with which Hawkshaw has established close relationships between the festival and the surrounding community." The Hartford Courant has hailed the "unity between the Norfolk Chamber Music Festival and the town where the Yale program is located.… these days there's plenty of outreach by the Yale Summer School of Music and the Yale Summer School of Art on the estate." In that same article, Hawkshaw noted the "symbiotic relationship" between the festival and the town. MORE


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How to provide water mark text appearance using BannerTextProvider?
This following steps guide to implement Water mark support using BannerTextProvider.
Drag and drop the BannerTextProvider to the form.
Figure 1. BannerText Provider in ToolBox.
The controls loaded in the form will get a BannerTextProvider properties as shown in below.
Figure 2. BannerText Provider Properties in ComboBoxAdv.
The following code example demonstrates the same.
Figure 1. BannerTextProvider shows in TextBoxExt.
Figure 2. BannerTextProvider shows in ComboBoxAdv.


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text:
Q: Convolution of a step function with itself I have a step function that states $f(x) = 1$ for $|x| < 1$ and 0 everywhere else. So far I've found this to be $$\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\, dy\, f(y)\,f(x-y)$$ and from boundaries, $$-1 < y <1 \\ x-1 < y < x+1$$
Which now gives the function $$1\cdot\int_{-1}^{1}\, dy\, f(x-y) = \int_{t \,= \,x-1}^{t\, = \,x+1}f(t)\,dt$$ where $t = x-y$. From here I've found that when $x < -2$ or $x + 2$ that $f(t) = 0$ and between these boundaries $f(t) = 1$. I'm stuck with what to do from here, however. I'm unsure how to use the boundary conditions and find a final answer here.
The question also asks for the Fourier transform of this convolution. Is this straightforward or is there I trick to it that I need to be aware of? Thanks.

A: First of all, the convolution of the function $f$ with itself is given by
$$\begin{align}
(f*f)(x)&=\int_{-\infty}^\infty f(y)f(x-y)\,dy\\\\
&=\begin{cases}
0&,x\le -2\\\\
\int_{-1}^{x+1}(1)\,dx=(x+2)&,-2<x<0\\\\
\int_{x-1}^1(1)\,dx=2-x&,x<2\\\\
0&,x\ge 2
\end{cases}
\end{align}$$
We can write $(f*f)(x)=2-|x|$ for $|x|<2$ and $0$ otherwise.

The Fourier Transform of $f(x)$ is
$$\begin{align}
\mathscr{F}\{f\}(k)&=\int_{-\infty}^\infty f(x)e^{ikx}\,dx\\\\
&=\int_{-1}^1 e^{ikx}\,dx\\\\
&=2\frac{\sin(k)}{k}
\end{align}$$

Finally, invoking the Convolution Theorem yields
$$\bbox[5px,border:2px solid #C0A000]{\mathscr{F}\{f*f\}(k)=\frac{4\sin^2(k)}{k^2}}$$

A: $\newcommand{\bbx}[1]{\,\bbox[8px,border:1px groove navy]{\displaystyle{#1}}\,}
 \newcommand{\braces}[1]{\left\lbrace\,{#1}\,\right\rbrace}
 \newcommand{\bracks}[1]{\left\lbrack\,{#1}\,\right\rbrack}
 \newcommand{\dd}{\mathrm{d}}
 \newcommand{\ds}[1]{\displaystyle{#1}}
 \newcommand{\expo}[1]{\,\mathrm{e}^{#1}\,}
 \newcommand{\ic}{\mathrm{i}}
 \newcommand{\mc}[1]{\mathcal{#1}}
 \newcommand{\mrm}[1]{\mathrm{#1}}
 \newcommand{\pars}[1]{\left(\,{#1}\,\right)}
 \newcommand{\partiald}[3][]{\frac{\partial^{#1} #2}{\partial #3^{#1}}}
 \newcommand{\root}[2][]{\,\sqrt[#1]{\,{#2}\,}\,}
 \newcommand{\totald}[3][]{\frac{\mathrm{d}^{#1} #2}{\mathrm{d} #3^{#1}}}
 \newcommand{\verts}[1]{\left\vert\,{#1}\,\right\vert}$

Lets
  $\ds{\,\mc{F}\pars{x} \equiv
\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\mrm{f}\pars{y}\mrm{f}\pars{x - y}\,\dd y =
\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\hat{\mc{F}}\pars{k}\expo{\ic kx}{\dd k \over 2\pi}}$ such that

\begin{align}
\hat{\mc{F}}\pars{k} & =
\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\mc{F}\pars{x}\expo{-\ic kx}\dd x =
\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\bracks{%
\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\mrm{f}\pars{y}\mrm{f}\pars{x - y}\,\dd y}
\expo{-\ic kx}\dd x
\\[5mm] & =
\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\bracks{%
\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\mrm{f}\pars{y}\mrm{f}\pars{x}\,\dd y}
\expo{-\ic k\pars{x + y}}\dd x =
\bracks{\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\mrm{f}\pars{y}\expo{-\ic ky}\dd y}
\bracks{\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\mrm{f}\pars{x}\expo{-\ic kx}\dd x}
\\[5mm] & =
\hat{\mrm{f}}^{\,2}\pars{k} =
\pars{\int_{-1}^{1}\expo{-\ic kx}\dd x}^{2} =
4\pars{\int_{0}^{1}\cos\pars{kx}\,\dd x}^{2} =
\bbx{\ds{4\sin^{2}\pars{k} \over k^{2}}}
\end{align}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange