text:
Q: Change in volume reading; thermal expansion A question puts forward a cylindrical container of cross-sectional area A, and coefficient of linear expansion α, filled by a liquid upto height h.
It asks you to calculate the height of the liquid level as shown by the scale on the vessel, on a rise in temperature of ∆θ.
The scale markings are made on the container walls, and the container expands, but the liquid does not.
The answer is h(1 -3α∆θ).
This diagram  sums up how (I think) this works;

If h units was the initial liquid length, the liquid length measured in the new units, say H;
New value H = (h units) - (increment in length, in new units)
As can be seen from this diagram, hα∆θ, in its case, is not the term to be subtracted, as it's in the old units. The conversion factor can be obtained as;
'h' units in the old units = 'h' units in the new units
Stating this in the old units;
$$h = h(1 + α∆θ)$$
So the conversion factor is $$1 new unit = 1 old unit(1 + α∆θ)$$
From that, the new value (measured in new units) is;
$$ H = h - hα∆θ(1 +α∆θ)$$
 Why isn't this so?

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text:
Of minimum wage, local control and 'Idaho values'...
Wed., March 23, 2016, 5:32 p.m.
Of minimum wage, local control and 'Idaho values'…
Here's my full story from spokesman.com on the minimum-wage pre-emption becoming law without the governor's signature:
Idaho Gov. Otter lets bill forbidding local minimum wage hikes become law without his signature
BOISE – Idaho Gov. Butch Otter has allowed legislation forbidding local voters, cities or counties from raising the minimum wage to become law without his signature, saying he was "philosophically torn" over the issue.
"Self-determination and local control – like independence and self-reliance – are Idaho values," Otter wrote in a letter to House Speaker Scott Bedke.
Otter said while he personally opposes the minimum wage entirely, he can see how the bill could "stifle local solutions." And noting that no Idaho city or county has raised its minimum wage, he said, "I consider this bill to be a solution in search of a problem."
"Yet the Legislature made its voice heard," he wrote, "and at the end of the day I understand its intentions. So I submit this letter in recognition of the law of unintended consequences and to respectfully remind legislators of their own reactions when our absentee federal landlords impose restrictions on us."
House Assistant Minority Leader Mat Erpelding, D-Boise, criticized Otter's decision. Erpelding is the sponsor of legislation to raise Idaho's $7.25 per hour minimum wage to $8.25 an hour on July 1, and to $9.25 an hour a year later.
"That's not leadership – that's punting," Erpelding said. "I would have expected more leadership from a governor who's run his entire career on local control."
Majority Republicans have refused to allow Erpelding's bill a hearing. Current Idaho law ties Idaho's state minimum wage to the federal minimum.
"When the feds do act on the minimum wage, and they will, they're going to raise it in such a way that it's going to cause a great impact on our local businesses," Erpelding said. "If Idaho raised the minimum wage slowly and with intention, we could minimize economic harm."
The minimum-wage pre-emption bill isn't the only measure Idaho lawmakers have passed this session to limit local governments and local ballot measures; they've also passed legislation to forbid local regulation, taxing or restrictions on plastic grocery bags or other containers. That bill has passed both houses and is awaiting action by Otter.
Posted March 23, 2016, 5:32 p.m. in: 2016 Idaho Legislature, idaho, minimum wage
« Back to Eye On Boise
By Betsy Z. Russell
betsyr@spokesman.com
Betsy Z. Russell joined The Spokesman-Review in 1991. She currently is a reporter in the Boise Bureau covering Idaho state government and politics, and other news from Idaho's state capital.
Follow Betsy online:
Recent Eye On Boise posts
Betsy Russell

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text:
J. Matthew Thornton
Connect: https://www.ballardspahr.com/people/attorneys/Thornton-Matthew.aspxthorntonj@ballardspahr.comhttps://www.lexblog.com/author/thorntonjballardspahr-com/feed/
Firm/Organization: Ballard Spahr LLP
Blogs: CyberAdviser
CyberAdviser
Illinois Supreme Court: No 'Actual Harm' Required for Biometric Information Privacy Act Claims
By Philip N. Yannella, Gregory P. Szewczyk & J. Matthew Thornton
The Illinois Supreme Court held on January 25, 2019, that plaintiffs filing suit under the Biometric Information Privacy Act—which regulates how private entities disclose and discard biometric identifiers—do not need actual damages for standing. The decision has serious implications for companies collecting biometric data from Illinois residents. The Act provides a private right of action to individuals "aggrieved" by any violation, allowing them to seek, among other remedies, liquidated or actual damages, attorneys' fees, and…
Data Security Litigation: CPSC to Hold Hearing on The Internet of Things and Consumer Product Hazards
By David M. Stauss & J. Matthew Thornton
The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) recently announced that it will hold a hearing on May 16, 2018, to receive information on potential hazards with Internet of Things (IoT) products. In its public notice, the CPSC explained that the "purpose of the public hearing . . . is to provide interested stakeholders a venue to discuss potential safety hazards created by a consumer product's connection to IoT or other network-connected devices; the types…
Oregon, New York, Alabama, and Rhode Island Join List of States Considering Data Breach Legislation Post-Equifax
By David M. Stauss, Gregory P. Szewczyk & J. Matthew Thornton
In the absence of federal action, state legislators continue to propose bills that would increase data privacy and security protections for consumers. Any entity that does business in these states or maintains confidential information of their residents should monitor the legislation to determine whether and how the proposed changes may affect operations. The bills are a reaction to Equifax's data breach disclosure last summer. In prior alerts and articles, we discussed proposed legislation in Arizona…


SOLDEU, Andorra (AP) - Citius, altius, 40th.
Shiffrin, the 2014 Sochi Olympics gold medalist, earned 100 race points to lift her season-long total in the slalom standings to a remarkable 1,160 - more than every woman skier's total over all disciplines, except for overall standings runner-up Petra Vlhova.
Shiffrin's mammoth 2,104 points overall - the second-highest total ever - is more than 800 ahead of Vlhova. Holdener is third.


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Uses of AsyncOneResponse in org.apache.cassandra.net

Methods in org.apache.cassandra.net that return AsyncOneResponse

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<T> AsyncOneResponse<T>
MessagingService.sendRR(MessageOut message,
      java.net.InetAddress to)

Uses of AsyncOneResponse in org.apache.cassandra.service

Fields in org.apache.cassandra.service with type parameters of type AsyncOneResponse

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RangeSliceResponseResolver.repairResults

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Methods in org.apache.cassandra.service that return types with arguments of type AsyncOneResponse

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static java.util.List<AsyncOneResponse>
RowDataResolver.scheduleRepairs(ColumnFamily resolved,
               java.lang.String keyspaceName,
               DecoratedKey key,
               java.util.List<ColumnFamily> versions,
               java.util.List<java.net.InetAddress> endpoints)

For each row version, compare with resolved (the superset of all row versions);
 if it is missing anything, send a mutation to the endpoint it come from.

Uses of AsyncOneResponse in org.apache.cassandra.utils

Method parameters in org.apache.cassandra.utils with type arguments of type AsyncOneResponse

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Home AICPA Pamphlets (Full-text) Page 1
Securities and Exchange Commission today announced the issuance of an opinion in its Accounting Series Releases regarding the treatment by an investment company of interest collected on defaulted bonds applicable to a period prior to the date on which such bonds and defaulted interest were purchased
For Release in MORNING Newspapers of Friday, November 6, 1942
SECURITIES ACT OP 1933•
Release No. 2877
INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940
Release No. 402
ACCOUNTING SERIES
Release No. 36
The Securities and Exchange Commission today announced the issuance of an
opinion in its Accounting Series Releases regarding the treatment by an investment
company of interest collected on defaulted bonds applicable to a period
prior to the date on which such bonds and defaulted interest were purchased.
The opinion indicates that collections on account of the principal of the bonds
and the defaulted interest coupons should not be treated as income until such
time as the full purchase price has been recovered.
The opinion, prepared by William W. Werntz, Chief Accountant, follows:
"Question has been raised as to the treatment by an investment company of
Interest collected on defaulted bonds applicable to a period prior to the date
on which such bonds and defaulted interest were acquired. In the particular
case an investment company purchased, at a 'flat' price of $260,000, $1,000,000
principal amount of bonds with attached defaulted interest coupons amounting
to $250,000.' The company subsequent to the purchase received an interest payment
of $40,000 on account of defaulted interest coupons for periods prior to
the purchase.
"Where a purchase is made of defaulted bonds with defaulted interest coupons
attached, it is clear that the purchase price covers not only the right
to receive the principal of the bond itself, but also the right to receive any
payments made on the defaulted interest coupons purchased. Under these circumstances
the price paid cannot be deemed to reflect only the cost of acquisition
of the issuer's obligation to pay the principal sum, but must instead be
considered to reflect as well the cost of acquisition of the issuer's existing
obligation to pay the interest coupons already matured. In the usual case,
moreover, there is no satisfactory basis on which to allocate the total price
between the bond on the one hand and the defaulted interest coupons on the
other. Under such circumstances the bond and defaulted coupons should be treated
as a unit for accounting purposes, and collections on account of the defaulted
interest coupons should be treated not as interest on the sum invested,
but rather as repayments thereof. Moreover, in view of the uncertainty of
eventually receiving payments in excess of the purchase price, it is my opinion
that ordinarily no part of any payment, whether on account of principal or the
defaulted interest, should be considered as profit until the full purchase
price has been recovered.
Title Securities and Exchange Commission today announced the issuance of an opinion in its Accounting Series Releases regarding the treatment by an investment company of interest collected on defaulted bonds applicable to a period prior to the date on which such bonds and defaulted interest were purchased
Author United States. Securities and Exchange Commission
Werntz, William W.
Subject Securities -- United States -- Accounting
Financial statements -- Standards -- United States
Interest -- Accounting
Investments -- Accounting
Default (Finance) -- United States
Mutual funds -- Accounting -- Standards -- United States
Geographic Location United States
Abstract The Securities and Exchange Commission today announced the issuance of an opinion in its Accounting Series Releases regarding the treatment by an investment company of interest collected on defaulted bonds applicable to a period prior to the date on which such bonds and defaulted interest were purchased. The opinion indicates that collections on account of the principal of the bonds and the defaulted interest coupons should not be treated as income until such time as the full purchase price has been recovered.
Citation Accounting Series Release No. 036
Securities Act of 1933 Release No. 2877
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Release No. 3327
Investment Company Act of 1940 Release No. 402
Source Originally published by: Securities and Exchange Commission
Rights Original pamphlet is part of the University of Mississippi Library. American Institute of Certified Public Accountants Library Collection
Format PDF page image with corrected OCR scanned at 400 dpi
Collection Pamphlets collection, full text
Small Pamphlets Collection, AICPA
Identifier ASR-36
Description-Abstract For Release in MORNING Newspapers of Friday, November 6, 1942 SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Philadelphia SECURITIES ACT OP 1933• Release No. 2877 SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 Release No. 3327 INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 Release No. 402 ACCOUNTING SERIES Release No. 36 The Securities and Exchange Commission today announced the issuance of an opinion in its Accounting Series Releases regarding the treatment by an investment company of interest collected on defaulted bonds applicable to a period prior to the date on which such bonds and defaulted interest were purchased. The opinion indicates that collections on account of the principal of the bonds and the defaulted interest coupons should not be treated as income until such time as the full purchase price has been recovered. The opinion, prepared by William W. Werntz, Chief Accountant, follows: "Question has been raised as to the treatment by an investment company of Interest collected on defaulted bonds applicable to a period prior to the date on which such bonds and defaulted interest were acquired. In the particular case an investment company purchased, at a 'flat' price of $260,000, $1,000,000 principal amount of bonds with attached defaulted interest coupons amounting to $250,000.' The company subsequent to the purchase received an interest payment of $40,000 on account of defaulted interest coupons for periods prior to the purchase. "Where a purchase is made of defaulted bonds with defaulted interest coupons attached, it is clear that the purchase price covers not only the right to receive the principal of the bond itself, but also the right to receive any payments made on the defaulted interest coupons purchased. Under these circumstances the price paid cannot be deemed to reflect only the cost of acquisition of the issuer's obligation to pay the principal sum, but must instead be considered to reflect as well the cost of acquisition of the issuer's existing obligation to pay the interest coupons already matured. In the usual case, moreover, there is no satisfactory basis on which to allocate the total price between the bond on the one hand and the defaulted interest coupons on the other. Under such circumstances the bond and defaulted coupons should be treated as a unit for accounting purposes, and collections on account of the defaulted interest coupons should be treated not as interest on the sum invested, but rather as repayments thereof. Moreover, in view of the uncertainty of eventually receiving payments in excess of the purchase price, it is my opinion that ordinarily no part of any payment, whether on account of principal or the defaulted interest, should be considered as profit until the full purchase price has been recovered.
Securities and Exchange Commission today announced the...


text:
Welcome to Newswatch. Later on the programme: This man was on our
screens again this week. Is the BBC giving Nigel garage too much air
time? Was coverage of the new US administration's travel ban balanced
and impartial, or did it pander to a growing anti-tromp hysteria? --
Nigel Farage. The Prime Minister's visit the US at
the end of last week to meet President Trump was the subject of
considerable media analysis. Not least the moment when the two
appeared briefly holding hands. But some people were more exercised by a
question put at a news by the BBC's correspondent.
You said before that torture works, you've praised Russia, you said you
wanted to ban some Muslims from coming to America, you've suggested
there should be punishment for abortion. For many people in Britain
those sound like alarming beliefs. What do you say to our viewers at
home who are worried about some of your views and worried about you
becoming the leader of the free world? That was your choice of a
question? There goes that relationship. So, did one question
from a reporter had the potential to damage the special relationship?
Some thought it might have done and that our correspondent needed
lessons in diplomacy. Here is Donovan Chapel... I was left
guessing at the motives of asking such a provocative question to
somebody so easily provoked as Donald Trump. -- Jonathan Chapel.
Was it to undermine the relationship of the two leaders? Or was it the
BBC trying to make the news rather than report it? Or was the
correspondent showboating her question skills? Whatever the
motives, asking that question to Donald Trump in that forum lacked
emotional intelligence. Had Donald Trump taken offence to the question
it could have had an impact on the future prosperity of the UK economy
as a whole. The BBC and Laura Chris Burke are in a privileged position
to be able to ask questions at press conferences like this. -- Laura
Kuensberg. Don't abuse the privilege. Coverage of Donald
Trump's presidency continued to exercise Newswatch view was, in
particular the BBC's reporting of the petition against Donald Trump
making a state visit to Britain. Add the ban of seven countries' visitors
to the US. -- and the ban. The list of countries was originally drawn up
by the Obama administration. It wasn't invented by tram. Many Muslim
countries themselves pose a travel ban on the citizens of many
countries, including UK citizens, simply because they have visited
Israel. There has been little evidence of fare on biased reporting
showing both sides of the story. It isn't anti-Muslim, it is
anti-terrorist. But reporters keep trying to push this question into
the face of anyone they can to get an impact from viewers.
On Monday's BBC News, apart from the briefest of interviews with three
people on Staten Island who had not been outraged by this band, no
interviews were made about the many people in the US who are not
outraged by this executive order. -- ban. This petition is open to
fraudulent signatures. Many people are not outraged and haven't signed
this. The problem is that those who are not outraged are not deemed to
be covered by the BBC. Donald Trump's claims about fake
news and the media can only gain credibility if responsible news
organisations like the BBC fail to give our unbiased, accurate and
honest news reporting, or fair and balanced debates and discussions.
That debate will continue. There was one BBC programme that had a clear
defence of President Trump's travel ban, Sunday Politics, and the guest
was Nigel Farage. Andrew Neil began by asking him if he agreed with the
President's decision to ban Syrian refugees indefinitely from entering
the United States. There are several countries on that list. He's
entitled to this. I didn't ask you if he was entitled. But isn't my
point. I ask if you agreed to stop I do. If you look at what is happening
in France and Germany. If you look at Angela Merkel's policy on this,
which was to allow anybody from anywhere in, look at what it has led
to. The former leader of Ukip went on to decide his views on
immigration and on the government process on leaving the EU. The
interview produced a strong reaction from viewers, many of whom have
objected before about the frequency of his appearances on BBC news
bulletins and programmes such as question Time. Two viewers reported
their thoughts on camera. -- Question Time. This isn't a balance.
This is a platform. His constant appearances on radio as well as the
BBC iPlayer to contribution in anti-immigrant sentiment in this
country that has happened in the last few years. I think it's time
the BBC recognised that Nigel Farage isn't just some politician that you
wheel on to give a microphone into when people say nice things about
refugees, he is a rallying point. -- give a microphone to.
He is treated as good box office. Photographs of him in pubs. Hugely
disproportionate access to other political programmes on the BBC. By
doing so and by not challenging him. Partly because he was treated in the
first place as light entertainment and good box office, they have
helped him to put things, without challenge, that actually affected
the whole way the debate moved. This happened from the very beginning.
It's only in the last two years he has started to be challenged. And by
that time the normalisation had happened. Why did you have Nigel
Farage on the programme? The main stories worm Theresa May's visit to
Washington and a subsequent story which has dominated the headlines
this week over Donald Trump's travel ban. The other big story of the week
was on Brexit and the Commons debate about the passage of Article 50.
Those were the big stories. Nigel Farage was a guest and an
appropriate guest on both of those stories. He was the first British
politician to meet Donald Trump after his election. And he was a
massive player in the referendum campaign. A lot of you say he isn't
Ukip leader now and he may not be as close to Trump as he claims to be.
We regularly on the BBC invite former politicians onto our
programmes. Former leaders. Ed Miliband was on the BBC this week,
for example, Nick Clegg is a regular guest on our programmes. It isn't
unusual that we should invite somebody onto the programme who is
not currently leader of their party. But they are both MPs. Nigel Farage
has never been an MP. He is an MEP. He was elected such. He is also
leader of his party's political group in the European Parliament. He
is still a person of some influence. A lot of viewers say he is easy
ratings and always has been. You know when you invite him on he will
say something controversial. He represents a strand of political
thinking in the UK. There is no doubt about that. As party leader he
had a track record of political success. So, for example, his party
came first in the European elections in 2014. The general election in
2015, the party in the popular vote came third. This is someone... We
are not able to exclude him from our programmes. He has a track record of
electoral success. And he does represent a strand of political
thinking in British politics. Many people do find what he says
offensive. Particularly as we heard in those of your comments. His
comments on immigration in the current climate, people feel he has
stirred up anti-immigrant sentiment. Do you think it is responsible to
have him up? Not everybody will like what he says. We will get people on
our programmes some people will disagree with. It isn't just that
they disagree, it is whether it is responsible when some people feel
there is a growing climate of tension around immigration and the
BBC chooses to have someone viewers feel have views that are staring up
anti-immigrant sentiment. We can't be involved in making value
judgments about politicians. Ethical judgments. They can't. Not when they
come from a major party. Ukip is a major party, there is no doubt about
that. We can't be making value judgments about whether what they
have got to say is morally dubious. That isn't our role. We are an
impartial broadcaster. There was no evidence Nigel Farage has said
anything illegal. That's never been a risk. He shouldn't be treated any
differently than any other politician from the other major
parties in the UK. You work on Sunday Politics And Daily Politics.
A lot of viewers were concerned about how often he is invited onto
BBC programmes, including Question Time. Using the BBC has him on too
often? He has on a radio programme, as well. It is only the second time
he has been on Daily Politics. I think he has made half a dozen
appearances either as part of a panel or part of discussions on BBC
television over the past six months. I don't think that is too great a
number. On our programmes, of course, Andrew Neil is a robust
interviewer. We always want politicians of the highest calibre
from whatever political party. Thanks very much.
And thanks to all of you who recorded or send us your views on
this this week. Your opinions could feature on next
week's programme. You can contact us:
You can watch previous discussions on our website, as well. That is all
from us. We will be back to hear your thoughts about BBC News
coverage again next week. Goodbye.


The Democratic Alliance (DA) today launched a national education campaign in Soshanguve, north of Pretoria. An hour before the event, SABC TV pulled its cameras off the launch, refusing to give an explanation for why, and despite confirming that they would be in attendance a few days prior. Indeed they confirmed they would be there the night before.
Every other media outlet in the country was present at the launch to cover primarily the speech by DA Leader Helen Zille. Even SABC Radio was in attendance. It is indisputable that this event constituted significant news.
The DA tried to contact four or five key individuals at the SABC and none of them were able or willing to provide an explanation for why the cameras were pulled.
The public broadcaster's refusal to provide any explanation for why it withdrew its cameras suggests that it has an ulterior motive, and not one that has to do with accurately, objectively and fairly reporting the news to the South African public.
We will be taking the matter up with the head of news, Paul Molefe and look forward to the SABC's explanation.


Set bombs and rockets for a Soviet aircraft 2nd World War.
Set weapons to light bombers and attack aircraft. It includes plastic and photoetched parts, decal.
Tools, cans, buckets Germany World II period.
The kit includes a set of tools, cans, bucket. For armored Wehrmacht 2nd World War. It consists of plastic and photoetched parts, decal includes.
UAZ-452 - special cargo-passenger, all-wheel drive, two-axle road vehicle, with the wheel formula 4 × 4.
Set for P-51B / C contains a mask for the lamp, photoetching and film for the dashboard.


The addition of chocolate to an egg milk shake improves it very much and makes a drink called egg chocolate.
Mix all the materials and beat with an egg beater or shake thoroughly in a shaker. Serve in a glass with cracked ice.


The coastal town of Piran.
Ljubljana provides a perfect base for exploring the outstandingly diverse natural beauties of Slovenia, the most attractive of which have been listed later in this section. As distances in Slovenia are not great, it is possible to visit the coast and the high mountains and experience the Mediterranean, Alpine and continental climate in a single day. Slovenia is also known for its scenic lakes, extensive forests and unique landscapes of the Karst region, which is traversed by numerous underground caves that have been hollowed out in limestone by water through millions of years.
Apart from natural beauties, Slovenia offers a wide variety of outdoor recreational possibilities such as mountaineering, hiking, cycling and river sports, numerous cultural attractions, particularly architectural sights, and a wealth of culinary delights varying from region to region.


Meet Dragon and Toro, my Hungarian bird dogs.
Vizsla's are one of the most rambunctious and active breeds you'll find that need lots of exercise. They are happiest when I take them along on my adventures. My Fowl Dogs are the gentlest of souls, steadfast and true, and hardly ever leave my side. They suit my active lifestyle perfectly!
My former demanding job on Wall Street, and hectic commuting schedule made it tough to get my dogs exercised daily. Often coming home from work late and loading them up into the car to get them to the beach before sunset was a big challenge.
I tried many products on the market to make traveling with my dogs Dragon and Toro quick and easy. My rambunctious pups chewed through dog safety belts. Toro (my terror) constantly jumped into the front seat, causing havoc and safety concerns. Cumbersome barriers that were difficult to install didn't work because Toro always found a work around. Poorly constructed products that didn't fit right and stay in place defeated the purpose.
By nature, I'm a problem-solver and I reacted to this challenge the only way I knew how, by designing dog travel products of my own. Careful thought went into every single detail of my design. Product safety, material selection and functionality were my top priorities. I'm proud to say that Fowl Dog products encompasses all of these elements.
Here at Fowl Dog, we're committed to creating premier quality dog travel products to meet the needs of your active lifestyle. Our products are uniquely designed with top-notch quality materials that are safe and compliant. We're just as proud to say that our products are impeccably tailored here in the USA. I truly believe Fowl Dog travel products are like no other.
Our door is always open and we welcome your comments and concerns. We're also committed to giving back and partner with dog rescue organizations to help raise money through Fowl Dog 4 Charity.
Traveling with your dog doesn't have to be a hard. We're all about simplicity and convenience; which leaves you with more time to take your dog along for the ride on your next adventure.
Dragon and Toro are my heart and soul, and the inspiration for Fowl Dog. We hope you will love our products as much as we do.


Living in Stourbridge, I felt we had to have another sail in the *other* Stour (or "stoor" as the locals pronounce it). So, when Alice asked for a "sleepover" on the boat, it seemed like a good choice. With the wind from the South, it would also provide good sailing. We set out in mid afternoon with Alice at the helm, but with little wind, we were forced to motor into a glassy Felxistowe docks.
Turning from the Orwell into the Stour, Alice demanded to have the sails up, so we drifted on the flood tide up the river. Passing Parkestone dock, we were passed by the ferry to Hook of Holland. It came within a few boat lengths of us and I started the outboard, expecting to have to motor across its wake, but I needn't have worried; its hull must be a very efficient shape because it produced barely a ripple.
As the tide slackened, we slowed down and admitted defeat, starting the engine once more and motoring to Wrabness point. I had intended to anchor there, but there were plenty of free moorings, so I picked one of those up instead.
We passed a peaceful night, though first mate woke me early; "dad, can I have breakfast now?" No sooner had that been consumed, Alice was eager to get underway. Not wishing to blunt such enthusiasm, we were soon sailing off the mooring.
There was no shortage of wind this morning and Alice helmed again as we shot along towards the head of the river. There was less wind up-river, visibility was poor and the wind variable. A suitably misty Mistley made the furthest extent of this voyage, as we were too early in the tide to continue to Manningtree, which is only accessible at the top of the tide.
The return trip was a close reach, increasingly fast, until I dropped the main sail and turned into the Orwell on engine and staysail. Conditions were quite challenging as we left the shelter afforded by Harwich and the wind had clearly built up during the morning. There was considerable swell caused by wind over tide and I was glad to be travelling "downhill", surfing down the backs of the waves. Entry back to Suffolk Yacht Harbour was challenging, but Aurora was soon safely on her trailer and in receipt of some well earned scrubbing, before her trip home tomorrow.
Aimee and I had been joined by Jeff, my father-in-law for an evening passage from the Felixstowe Ferry at the mouth of the Deben, back to Suffolk Yacht Harbour on the Orwell.
My aim was to wait until HW, when it would be almost dark, but I decided I just wanted to get on with it! So, we ended up motoring against 2kt or more of tidal stream between the large shingle banks, out to the "Woodbridge Haven" safe water mark. I was hoping for a reach down the coast, but it turned out to be a dead run, so we sailed on main sail only in a very light wind, helped by about 1kt of tide. We saw several large ships and had the strange experience of seeing a huge container ship leave Felixstowe docks and five minutes later receive a bow wave almost 2ft high on the otherwise flat calm sea.
It was a beautiful evening and we enjoyed watching the sky darkening and the sea reflecting the colours in the sky. It was a very peaceful sail and it tried to rely on the marker buoys rather than the GPS to navigate. However, when I did compare, it was clear that several port/starboard channel markers are not where the chart plots them.
As we approached the harbour mouth, we saw the pilot boat go out; this meant that a ship was expected, although we could see nothing (we were keeping a sharp eye out for lights!). Passing through the channel, we turned in along the South side and hardened up for an enjoyable 3-sail fetch into the harbour. It was clear that we would have to beat all the way through the harbour if we were to sail up river and on the port tack we were actually being taken backwards by the tide.
Henry Honda had already done a lot of work today, and was pressed into service again. Felixstowe docks looked very impressive by night and we saw the large ship arrive (behind us, fortunately); it really is a 24/7 operation, with strings of lorries delivering and collecting containers to and from the ships.
This one-pot meal is a variation on meatball carbonara, based on a recipe for the thermal cooker recipe book. Whilst I don't usually use jarred sauces, the convenience is very valuable aboard.
I used some local suffolk pork sausages and browned them in a little olive oil. A bonus of the thermal cooker is that they don't spatter because the pan is deep; usually I avoid frying on board.
Remove the sausages to a bowl and fry off an onion, 2 cloves of garlic, a green pepper and a carrot, all chopped quite small.
Return the sausages to the pan, add a 500ml carbonara cook-in sauce and then 500ml of water, rinsing the jar out. Add a good handful of chopped fresh parsley and a chicken stock cube. Finally add about 200g of spiral pasta (I just guessed and estimated half a 500g bag). Bring the lot up to boil for about 5 mins and then put the pan in the thermal cooker.
After a peaceful cool night, today began in sunshine (not forecast). Last night, Niki went home after the meal and Aimee joined me for a "sleepover". After availing ourselves of the excellent facilities at tide mill marina, we departed earlier than planned, so I took the opportunity to explore further upstream. There was no wind and very little human activity visible, so we chugged upstream against the just-turned tide. The voyage in this direction was definitely time-limited. This is a beautiful part of the Deben, with many birds visible, going about their business on the banks and adjoining salt-marsh. After reaching the highest point and beginning to run out of depth, we turned to follow the river back to its mouth.
Alice had petitioned for the tender to be called "Aurelia", after we had discussed using it the previous day. Aimee, seeing Aurelia towing behind Aurora, asked to ride along behind. So it was we motored down river, each in our own separate boat. Sadly, the wind was light and on the nose, so we motored the whole way.
Approaching Waldringfield, Aimee begged for an ice cream. The visitor moorings opposite the Maybush pub come complete with their own tender, but I was determined to get used to using Aurelia, so we rowed ashore for an ice cream and a walk in this pretty village.
After lunch en route, we motored the rest of the way to Felixstowe Ferry and picked up a mooring, this time close to the Bawdsey Quay (West) shore. Bawdsey manor is famous for being the place where the RAF the first working radar installation, instrumental in defaulting the Luftwaffe during WWII. The single remaining mast is a prominent landmark in the area and the manor house now houses a private school. I was hoping to visit the radar museum but we rowed ashore and walked the mile or so to the entrance in vain; the museum is only open on high days and holidays. Still it was a pleasant walk whilst Aimee regaled me with enthusiasm about the books she had been reading for her school book quiz.
We returned to Aurora for a rest, whilst awaiting Jeff for an evening sail back to Ipswich. 10nm, average speed 2.5kts.
After passing a peaceful night at Felixstowe Ferry, we received a visit from the harbour master, who asked us if it was our first time here and, learning it was, told us there was no charge for the mooring.
The plan was to sail the whole navigable length of the Deben to Woodbridge. This is not a great distance, but we needed plenty of tide to be able to get into the marina. After we had breakfast the tide was still falling and the wind very light, so we decided to delay leaving. Our tender does not get much use, but we pressed it into service and rowed ashore. It was a glorious day and we had a lovely walk first along the bank of the salt marsh and then along the sea wall, watching the comings and goings. The mud moorings at Felixstowe Ferry seem to attract some "alternative" (=eccentric) people, but there was plenty of interest to see.
With us safely back aboard Aurora and the tide finally starting to flood, we set off upstream. After an initial scrape on a sand bank, we found the deep(ish) water and drifted along on Yankee only, with the wind nearly dead behind us. It was so peaceful, with just the noise of the birds and the lapping water in the warm sunshine. The lovely Suffolk scenery slipped past us and we drifted through the marshes and past Ramsholt. Reaching a sheltered tree-lined stretch called "The Stones" we dropped anchor for a leisurely lunch. I took the opportunity to row ashore for a leg-stretch, before we moved on. There was much wildlife- nesting Herons, butterflies, waders, mussel beds.
The afternoon continued through even lovelier scenery, the channel winding left and right, the wind behind us. As we passed Waldringfield we saw fellow Cape a Cutter 19 number 61, "Capers". Then came Methergate and Martlesham Creek, entering the final stretch to Woodbridge, only accessible near high water. I had calculated that I would be able to get into Tide Mill Marina at 1630, but the tide gauge said otherwise and we picked up a mooring to wait another half an hour before crossing the cill into this very picturesque marina, which takes its name from a very famous flour mill on the waterside nearby which used the tidal flow to power its stones.
After some victualling and a precautionary fuel top-off, it was off to the "Duke of York" for proper steak and kidney pudding with the family, to hear what the land-lubbers had been up to. A relatively short distance today, but a really golden day. 8nm, average speed 2.5kts, but no main sail and virtually no engine either.
With the children enjoying some time with grandma and grandad, I wanted to take Niki to see the Deben. This river has a reputation as one of the most beautiful in Suffolk. I decided to sail Aurora first to Felixstowe ferry, which is just inside the mouth of the river, and then sail the whole navigable length to Woodbridge the next day.
We set out from Levington just after lunch, timing our journey to reach Woodbridge Haven, just outside the shallow mouth of the Deben, at the optimum time, HW-2.
Unfortunately this meant not just a beat out of the Orwell, but also against the rising tide. As we had resolved to sail (rather than motor), it took us about two hours against a blustery breeze. However there is always something interesting to see in Felixstowe docks and the time passed agreeably enough.
By the time we reached the mouth of the river, the wind had abated and swung to the SW. The sun came out and we had a lovely run, shaking out the reef and switching from staysail to yankee.
Quite soon, we were entering the Deben with almost 2kt of tide under us and, even though it was not far from HW, there was less than 1m of water under the plate as we crossed the shallow part between the shingle banks.
Felixstowe Ferry looked lovely in the peaceful Afternoon sun and we quickly picked up a mooring in the shelter of the town.
Dinner tonight was chilli beef with mushrooms, served with rice. Not my finest culinary hour (I forgot several ingredients), but hot and filling.
Whilst that was finishing in the thermal cooker, I had a chance to try out my mark 1b kite-cam rig, in a steady breeze and golden light.
With a sunny day in prospect tomorrow, we look set to see the river Deben at its Spring best.


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HomepagePoliticsNews
Judge Gorsuch Approved for Full Senate Vote
WASHINGTON – The Senate Judiciary Committee approved Judge Neil Gorsuch Supreme Court's nomination for full Senate vote Friday.
"At the end of the day it is difficult to imagine a judge who is well prepared, well suited and I am honored to support the confirmation of Judge Gorsuch," said Sen. Mike Lee, R-Utah.
It looks like Senate Republicans may need to use the "nuclear option" to confirm Gorsuch to the Supreme Court this week.
"My conscious will not allow me to ratify the Majority Leaders Action. I cannot and will not support this nomination," said Sen. Patrick Leahy, D-Vt.
Senate Democrats secured enough votes on Monday to block President Donald Trump's Supreme Court nominee. Delaware Sen. Chris Coons became the 40th senator to announce they will vote to block the nomination.
Only three Democrats have said they'll support Gorsuch. Indiana Sen. Joe Donnelly is one of them, saying Sunday that Gorsuch is "a qualified jurist who will base his decisions on his understanding of the law."
But with 40 votes against Gorsuch, Republicans will need to change confirmation rules if they want to confirm him on a straight majority vote – the so-called "nuclear option." In that case, it would only take 51 votes to confirm Gorsuch instead of 60, which is currently required.
"When a nominee doesn't get sixty votes, you shouldn't change the rules, you should change the nominee," Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., has argued.
But Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., told CNN's "State of the Union" that, no matter what, Gorsuch will be confirmed this week.
"He's a mainstream judge who's earned the universal respect of his colleagues on the bench and in the bar," said Judiciary Chairman Chuck Grassley, R-Iowa. "He applies the law as we in Congress write it, as the judicial oath says, without respect to persons. And he refuses to compromise his independence."
Tim Tebow: Why He Says Faith Changes Everything »
«He Targeted Babies: The Heinous Crimes of America's Most Prolific Serial Killer


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Several states have already dropped mask mandates and fully reopened indoor and outdoor venues, even for large sporting events. New York still has mask requirements.
A growing body of research indicates that the risk of spreading the virus is far lower outdoors than indoors. Viral particles disperse quickly outdoors, experts say, meaning brief encounters with a passing walker or jogger pose very little risk of transmission.
"That biker who whizzes by without a mask poses no danger to us, at least from a respiratory virus perspective," Dr. Paul Sax, an infectious disease specialist at Brigham and Women's Hospital, wrote in a blog post for the New England Journal of Medicine, the Times reported.
The CDC currently recommends that vaccinated people wear masks and maintain 6 feet of distance from others in public, including while taking public transportation such as buses, trains or planes and while in transportation hubs. It also recommends they continue to avoid crowds, large gatherings and poorly ventilated spaces, the Times said.
AstraZeneca Sued by EU Over Vaccine Shipment Delays
AstraZeneca is being sued by the European Union (EU) for delays in shipping hundreds of millions of COVID-19 vaccine doses.
European officials say AstraZeneca broke its contract when it said it would deliver only a third of the 300 million doses that European officials had been expecting by the end of June, The New York Times reported.
Trouble between the bloc and the company began in January when AstraZeneca said it would provide the bloc with far fewer vaccine doses than expected for the first quarter of the year.
That set back the bloc's vaccination campaign by weeks as cases climbed and political leaders were criticized for inadequate planning, the Times reported.
AstraZeneca, which developed the vaccine with the University of Oxford, has said that the EU finalized its contract months after Britain did, giving the company less time to iron out any manufacturing difficulties, the Times reported.
The AstraZeneca vaccine is being used in 135 countries.


O hay look, it's me.
Happy Birthday evilhippo and hiryuu!!
...I'm in Portland again. Chris is here, which is AWESOME. We're going to see The Princess and The Frog with Lauren and James and Angel... and some other dude. Gigantic essay detailing the events of the last week to follow at a later time.


This was my look of the day. I wasn't sure what to do with my face then I saw this Mary Kay lipstick that I hadn't worn in a while and thought I should do something purple, I've been liking purple lately actually, I don't always wear colour, my makeup is usually one big ol palette of neutral colours.
Check out my little photo shoot below with a world renowned photographer from California, Iphone 5s Camera.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of extra corporeal shock waves (ESW) therapy on the metabolism of healthy and osteoarthritic human chondrocytes, and particularly on the expression of IL-10, TNF-alpha and beta1 integrin.
Human adult articular cartilage was obtained from 9 patients (6 male and 3 females), with primary knee osteoarthritis (OA), undergoing total joint replacement and from 3 young healthy donors (HD) (2 males, 1 female) with joint traumatic fracture. After isolation, chondrocytes underwent ESW treatment (electromagnetic generator system, MINILITH SL1, STORZ MEDICAL) at different parameters of impulses, energy levels and energy flux density. After that, chondrocytes were cultured in 24-well plate in DMEM supplemented with 10% FCS for 48 hours and then beta1 integrin surface expression and intracellular IL-10 and TNF-alpha levels were evaluated by flow-cytometry.
At baseline, osteoarthritic chondrocytes expressed significantly lower levels of beta1 integrin and higher levels and IL-10 and TNF-alpha levels. Following ESW application, while beta1 integrin expression remain unchanged, a significant decrease of IL-10 and TNF-alpha intracellular levels was observed both in osteoarthritic and healthy chondrocytes. IL-10 levels decreased at any impulses and energy levels, while a significant reduction of TNF-alpha was mainly found at middle energies.
Our study confirmed that osteoarthritic chondrocytes express low beta1 integrin and high TNF-alpha and IL-10 levels. Nonetheless, ESW treatment application down-regulate the intracellular levels of TNF-alpha and IL-10 by chondrocytes, suggesting that ESW might restore TNF-alpha and IL-10 production by osteoarthritic chondrocytes at normal levels. However, further in vivo and in vitro studies are necessary to establish if ESW can represent a viable option in the treatment of OA.
Extra-corporeal shock waves (ESW) are expanding their applications from urinary calculi treatment to orthopaedic settings. Recent studies have provided some evidence that ESW may be useful in treating osteoarthritis (OA) in animals, such as dogs , and horses . In humans, ESW therapy is widely used for the treatment of several medical disorders such as plantar fascitis, calcifying tendonitis, femoral head necrosis and pseudoarthrosis, and more recently has been proposed as therapy for human OA. However, whether and how ESW hamper the biologic processes taking place in articular cartilage that cause OA is unknown.
In OA, cartilage damage is the outcome of an abnormal extra-cellular matrix (ECM) remodelling leading to an overwhelm of tissue breakdown mediated by metalloproteinases (MMPs). The pathogenesis of OA is rather intricate and not yet completely understood, however some events are currently assumed to be critical points in the induction of cartilage injury . Under physiological settings, chondrocytes sense the changes of surrounding environment and this signalling between chondrocytes and ECM is crucial in maintaining cartilage homeostasis. These chondrocyte/ECM interactions are regulated by a large family of transmembrane glycoproteins whereby beta1 integrins are the most widely expressed and interact with several matrix proteins such as collagen, fibronectin, vitronectin and laminin . Furthermore, beta1 integrin cooperate along with growth factor receptors (GFr), such as TGFbeta, IL-4, and IGF, to activate intracellular anabolic processes . In OA, beta1 integrin expression is significantly reduced in damaged cartilage  and this would alter chondrocyte/ECM interactions and disrupt beta1 integrin/GFr synergy leading to activation of catabolic pathways, increase of MMPs expression and induction of chondrocyte apoptosis.
The over-expression of MMPs is induced by several cytokines, such as IL-1, TNF-alpha, IL-17, IL-10, and many others, which have been detected increased in OA cartilage. TNF-alpha is produced by inflamed synovial membrane, chondrocytes and osteoblasts, and act in an autocrine-paracrine manner. It increases the synthesis of MMPs and plasminogen activator, essential to convert the pro-MMPs in MMPs, and regulate the organization of ECM by enhancing the synthesis of minor collagens, normally not present in cartilage, such as collagen types I and III, and decreasing the production of proteoglycans and collagen types II and IX, which represent the optimal scaffolding of cartilage . The biological activities of TNF-alpha are regulated by two specific cell-surface receptors TNF-R55 and TNF-R75; the former is mainly involved in signal transduction in articular tissue cells and its expression is up-regulated on osteoarthritic chondrocytes and synoviocytes, that in turn show an increased sensitivity to TNF-alpha [6, 7].
IL-10 activates a broad range of functional responses in different cell types inducing either inhibitory or stimulatory effects, such as down-regulating IL-1 and TNF-alpha synthesis by monocytes  or promoting the growth and differentiation of B cells . Increased expression of IL-10, both at protein and mRNA level, has been detected in OA human cartilage , but its role in OA pathogenesis need to be further investigated.
The purpose of this study has been to evaluate the effects of ESW on the metabolism of human OA chondrocytes "in vitro", and particularly on the expression of beta1 integrin, IL-10, and TNF-alpha.
Human articular cartilage was obtained from nine patients (6 males, 3 females, range age 55–70 years) with primary knee OA, undergoing total joint replacement at our orthopaedic department and from three young healthy donors (HD) (2 males, 1 female, range age 21–37 years) with joint traumatic fracture. We received the approval for our study from the Poloclinical Ethical Commettee of Bari. All patients gave a written informed consent and the study was approved by the local ethical committee. Cartilage was taken from the femoral and tibial sides of knee, minced and chondrocytes were isolated as previously described . Briefly, chondrocytes were released from the cartilage matrix by hyaluronidase (0.2%, 30 min., 37°C, Sigma), pronase (0.25%, 90 min., 37°C, Sigma) and collagenase (0.2%, 3 hours, 37°C, Sigma) sequential enzymatic digestion. More than 95% of the chondrocytes were viable (Trypan blue exclusion test) after their isolation.
After isolation, chondrocytes were re-suspended in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM), supplemented with 10% foetal calf serum (FCS) and antibiotics (penicillin 100 UI/ml and streptomycin 100 microg/ml 5% and placed in 1,8 ml cryogenic vials (Nunc, Denmark) at 4–5 × 105/cells/ml. The vials were completely filled with medium and were tested to be permeable for the shock wave. The ESW electromagnetic generator system (MINILITH SL1, STORZ MEDICAL) was used in this study. This ESW device is a focused one, and the location was provided with a ultrasound-guided system. Between the generator and the cells we used an ultrasound gel that was compressed to guaranteed to avoid air. The test-vial was placed in a special cylindrical support on the shockwave generator, which enabled the focal depth probe to be directed correctly to the vial containing the cells. Chondrocytes were subdivided into 5 populations: 4 specimens underwent ESW treatment at different parameters of impulses, energy levels and energy flux density, as shown in Table 1, while an untreated vial was kept as control sample, but underwent the same laboratory processing. The controls vials also were kept outside the incubator for the same time as the treated cells. At the end of the treatment, cellular vitality was evaluated with the Trypan blue dye exclusion test, and chondrocytes were cultured in 24-well plate in DMEM supplemented with 10% FCS for 48 hours prior to flow-cytometry.
The panel of ESW treatment of chondrocytes.
After incubation, chondrocytes were re-suspended in PBS containing 0.1% sodium azide and 0.2% bovine serum albumin, and blocked by incubating with 2% normal human serum (Advanced Protein Products, UK). After fixation with paraformaldehyde and permeabilization with saponin (Fix & Perm Cell Permeabilization Kit, Caltag Lab., Burlingame, CA), chondrocytes were incubated (20 min. at 4°C) with 5 microl of FITC/anti-human IL-10 mAb or FITC/anti-human TNF-alpha mAb (Serotec, Oxford, UK). Beta1 integrin (Serotec, Oxford, UK) surface expression was assessed with the same procedure without cell membrane permeabilization. Control samples were incubated with rat IgG1-FITC/IgG2-PE (DAKO, Denmark). Stained cells were analyzed on a FACScan (Cell Quest, Becton Dickinson, Mountain View, CA). The FACS setting was identical throughout all the study.
Results are expressed as mean values ± 1 standard deviation (SD). The Student's t test was used to compare the treated chondrocytes with the control group and the level of significance was set at p < 0.05.
The Trypan blue dye exclusion test showed that ESW application affected chondrocytes viability. Cell viability was lower in ESW treated chondrocytes than control, both in OA chondrocytes and in normal chondrocytes, although these differences did not reach the significance level. Relevant changes in chondrocyte viability were not seen according to ESW energy levels and pulses applied (Table 2).
Chondrocyte viability following ESW treatment.
As shown on Figure 1, the percentage of chondrocytes bearing beta1 integrin was lower in OA (30.8 ± 6) than in normal cartilage (53.2 ± 21) at baseline (p < 0.01), but ESW treatment did not significantly change beta1 integrin expression on both OA (A1 32.2 ± 6, A2 32.4 ± 6, B1 31.7 ± 5, B2 33.6 ± 8) and normal chondrocytes (A1 51.5 ± 24, A2 50.4 ± 19, B1 49.7 ± 17, B2 50.6 ± 18).
ESW modulation of expression of beta 1 integrin on chondrocytes. Surface expression of beta1 integrin on osteoarthritic (OA) and healthy (HD) chondrocytes treated with ESW at different impulses and energies (see table 1 for the panel of ESW treatment) and untreated (control). Bars represents mean ± 1 standard deviation.
Intracellular levels of TNF-alpha (Figure 2), were significantly higher in OA (28.3 ± 8) than in normal cartilage (18.2 ± 9) at baseline (p < 0.05). ESW application significantly decreased the proportion of chondrocytes expressing intracellular TNF-alpha both in OA (A1 25.1 ± 9, A2 23.7 ± 8, B1 21.3 ± 12, B2 22.6 ± 8) and normal cartilage (A1 15.1 ± 9, A2 11.7 ± 8, B1 10.3 ± 10, B2 12.6 ± 7).
ESW modulation of intracellular levels of TNF-α in chondrocytes. Intracellular levels of TNF-α in osteoarthritic (OA) and healthy (HD) chondrocytes treated with ESW at different impulses and energies (see table 1 for the panel of ESW treatment) and untreated (control). Bars represents mean ± 1 standard deviation.
As far as IL-10 concerns, we detected similar results (Figure 3). The percentage of chondrocytes expressing intracellular IL-10 were significantly higher in OA (41.9 ± 23) than in normal cartilage (23.2 ± 10) at baseline (p < 0.01). Following ESW treatment IL-10 levels significantly decreased both in OA (A1 33.9 ± 23, A2 32 ± 22, B1 32.5 ± 25, B2 32.9 ± 22) and normal cartilage (A1 15.2 ± 8, A2 10.5 ± 12, B1 14.5 ± 6), except for the strongest ESW application (B2 21 ± 9).
ESW modulation of intracellular levels of IL-10 in chondrocytes. Intracellular levels of IL-10 in osteoarthritic (OA) and healthy (HD) chondrocytes treated with ESW at different impulses and energies (see table 1 for the panel of ESW treatment) and untreated (control). Bars represents mean ± 1 standard deviation.
In this study we provided evidence that ESW modulate intra-cellular levels of TNF-alpha and IL-10 by human articular chondrocytes both from osteoarthritic patients and healthy controls, without affecting beta1 integrin expression.
Our data confirmed that OA chondrocyte phenotype is defined by reduced beta1 integrin expression and increased TNF-alpha and IL-10 levels, as earlier reported [10–12]. The decrease in beta1 integrin cell surface expression seems to be an early event in OA pathogenesis and critical in breaking down the complex ECM/chondrocyte interactions that maintain cartilage homeostasis . TNF-alpha plays a crucial role in inducing tissue injury and by interacting with p55 TNF-alpha receptor contributes to focal loss of cartilage in OA [11, 13]. TNF-alpha activates MMP and aggrecanase production by chondrocytes [14, 15] and cooperates with other cytokines to degrade cartilage matrix . The role of IL-10 on cell metabolism is controversial as having pleiotropyc functions. On one side, IL-10 has proanabolic effects, such as promotion of proteoglycan synthesis by human chondrocytes "in vitro" , prevention of cartilage destruction by reducing IL-1 and TNF-alpha mRNA expression in articular chondrocytes ; on the other side, IL-10 may also exert procatabolic effects as in human fibroblasts it down-regulates type I collagen mRNA expression and enhances collagenase and stromelysin gene expression . This diversity of responses indicates that downstream events following IL-10 binding may vary depending on the cell target phenotype and on the environment of that cell, thus making the role of IL-10 in OA pathogenesis more intriguing and difficult to understand.
It has been previously shown that ESW induce a dose-dependent increase in cytotoxicity of cultured human chondrocytes assessed by the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay , but the possible effects of ESW on the metabolic pathways that are activated in the pathogenetic mechanisms of OA were not evaluated. In our study, ESW application on isolated chondrocytes down-regulated the intracellular levels of TNF-alpha and IL-10, but no changes in β1 integrin expression were detected. Furthermore, healthy and OA chondrocytes behaved in a similar fashion. IL-10 expression significantly decreased in chondrocytes treated with all levels of energy and impulses, while TNF-alpha seemed to be selectively reduced at middle levels. These findings might be due to the generic cell damage induced by ESW owing to cell viability reduction following the treatment. However, we believe that those effects are specifically ESW related because cell viability did not correlated to the level of energy exposure, beta1 integrin expression did not change after ESW treatment, chondrocytes were cultured 48 hrs after ESW application and before phenotyping their viability rose over 90%.
The relevance of these findings can be only object of speculations at the moment. The reduction of TNF-alpha can be considered as a protective effect and may prevent MMPs activation and cartilage degradation. Understanding of IL-10 changes may be controversial as IL-10 can have both proanabolic and procatabolic effects of tissue metabolism. Additionally, it remains to be clarified whether IL-10 decrease is a specific outcome of ESW treatment or mediated by TNF-alpha reduction since it has been shown that TNF-alpha up-regulates IL-10 expression in rheumatoid arthritis synovitis . At any case, ESW treatment seems to be capable to restore TNF-alpha and IL-10 production by osteoarthritic chondrocytes at normal levels thus potentially interfering with the pathologic mechanisms causing cartilage damage in OA and representing the theoretical rationale for using ESW as therapy of OA.
It has been recently reported that ESW may be useful to treat OA in dogs , and veterinarians have begun to use ESW also to treat OA in horses . Our findings seem to provide the biological clue that ESW can be effective in treating OA. Nonetheless, further studies are warranted to implement these preliminary data by evaluating the effects of ESW on other cellular pathways that are critically involved in OA pathogenesis such as the regulation of MMPs, and on other articular tissues affected by OA such as synovial membrane and subchondral bone.
In our work we have found that ESW application down-regulate the intracellular levels of TNF-alpha and IL-10 by chondrocytes. Considering that in osteoarthritic chondrocytes the expression of beta1 integrin is low and TNF-alpha and IL-10 levels are high, we speculate that ESW could restore TNF-alpha and IL-10 production by osteoarthritic chondrocytes at normal levels thus potentially interfering with the pathologic mechanisms causing cartilage damage in OA. However, further in vivo and in vitro studies are necessary to establish if ESW can represent a viable option in the treatment of patients suffering of OA.
BM: proposed the application of ESW on the chondrocytes and took the biopsy tissues during the surgical operations. He also was involved in the revising of the manuscript for the literature content.
FI: gave substantial contributions to conception, design, statistic analysis and interpretation of data.
AN: carried out the treating of the chondrocytes by shock waves and participated to draft the manuscript.
GL: conceived of the study and participated in its coordination and drafting of the manuscript.
LM: carried out the study from the drawing of cartilage tissues to the drafting of the manuscript.
VP: participated in the design and the coordination of the study.
RG: gave the substantial contributes in the drafting the manuscript and in the revising it for the intellectual contents.


Posh chocolate shop near Bank Station in the City. The original branch is on Camden Passage in Islington, and they also have a branch on Wardour Street in Soho.
Their focus is on chocolate truffles made with fresh ingredients; these are not long-life, but should be eaten as soon as possible after purchase and at the most within a week. Some of the truffle flavours are produced year-round, while others are seasonal.
Kake visited in March 2011 and bought a selection of truffles (£15 for nine of your choice) to share with Sarah and Jo. Port and stilton truffles were disappointingly lacking in stilton-ness; none of us could detect it, which was a bit of a let-down to our expectations. Sea-salt caramel truffles were better, with a beautifully fresh dairy taste. Cassis truffles were also good, with a complex, not-too-sweet flavour.
They also offer hot chocolate to take away (£3.95 for a decent-sized takeaway cup); you can customise this to your liking with the half a dozen spices on offer. It wasn't bad, but far too sweet for Kake's taste, making it something of a struggle to finish.
Accessibility: A step up to get in, and it's quite small inside.
Getting here: Despite the address, it's not actually accessed from inside the Royal Exchange; the frontage is on the pedestrianised passage running between Threadneedle Street and Cornhill, on the opposite side of the Royal Exchange from Bank Station.
Last visited by Kake, March 2011. Opening hours taken from the Paul A Young website, March 2014.
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Page last edited 2017-06-11 19:39:51 (version 7).


Different types of brand projects require different approaches. Learn more about what I can provide.
For Companies: How you tell the world who you are and what you do (and why they should love you).
For Teams and Projects: Give folks an identity to rally around, or communicate with.
What is it? Your company has changed positioning within the market, wants to differentiate from similar competitors or just needs a pick-me-up.
What is it? You have new products, services or elements that you are adding to your current roster and they need to be both consistent with current branding, and shine in their own way.


We've never needed it more. We run from one place to the next--from meetings and appointments to our kid's soccer practice, from class to work to choir rehearsal, from the grocery store to small group--and then drop into bed later than we hoped, exhausted and dreading the morning. We want to slow down but don't know how and don't really believe that we can. And often, the idea of a personal retreat--time for solitude and silence--makes us feel as anxious as all our frenzied rushing. What in the world would we do with an hour, an afternoon or (gulp!) a whole day of solitude with God?
But what is the cost of our frantic pace? What are we missing by not slowing down for reflection and meditation on Scripture? What kind of toll does our anxious running take on those around us--and, even more deeply, on our own soul?
In Resting Place, retreat speaker Jane Rubietta addresses soul matters with retreat topics such as dealing with our fear of abandonment, wrestling with discontent, overcoming our attempts to control others and fulfilling our deep desire to be loved.
These retreats help us enter Psalm 23 rest, a place of true rest and trust in our loving, gentle Shepherd. Full of quotes to contemplate, Scripture to meditate on, questions, prayer and journaling ideas, and ideas for creativity, Jane Rubietta leads us to and through times of silence and solitude that will follow us into our everyday world as we learn to allow Jesus to guide, comfort and restore us.
Come to the Shepherd, and find the true rest your soul is longing for.
"Warm and well-written guidance . . . Any Christian can benefit from trying the exercises in this book."
"There are not many books written that so clearly explain how to conduct a spiritual retreat rather than emphasizing the necessity of doing so. This is a "must" for anyone seeking relief from everyday busy-ness."
Based in the northwestern suburbs of Chicago, Jane Rubietta is a popular retreat speaker and the author of Quiet Places, Still Waters, and Between Two Gardens (Bethany House), and How to Keep the Pastor You Love, Grace Points, and Resting Place (InterVarsity Press). Her website is janerubietta.com.


I need to know the indian vegetarian diet routine for muscle building. any help please?
I am 20 years old, 72 kg and 5'9". I donot eat any eggs and non veg items and thinking of going for a veg protein in the coming month. I've been gymming on and off because of not seeing any greater results due lack of inefficient diet plans. It would be great if you guys can help me out with INDIAN vegetarian diet plan.


On behalf of the gluten free community at large I feel that I must say…REALLY? REALLY FDA? REALLY EPA? REALLY Organic food producers. So in case you haven't heard, they have published a new study essentially saying that some brown rice, brown rice syrup and any products containing these things have unsafe levels of arsenic. So if you are out of the loop, check out this story on Arsenic-Organics-Rice from ABC. Historically, I hear a story like this and think "Eh, something is going to get me anyway. " Salt, Eggs, Plastic. Most recently, wheat. What is the number one substitute for wheat? You guessed it…rice. Most recently in fact, I switched from using white rice flour to brown rice flour in an effort to BE HEALTHIER. Turns out that was perhaps not a great choice. So here I sit wondering what actually IS safe for me to eat? Should I even be all that worried for myself at this point? Might I end up looking like the kids from Flowers in the Attic? I don't really know the answers to any of these questions but I do know this: These kinds of studies just re-energize my commitment to eating whole, local and fresh foods. As for everything else it really is kind of a crap shoot. That is not to say I am going to run right out and by some rice formula for a baby, but for myself, I am quite certain that a bagel made of rice flour will still pass these lips and I am not about to alter the best gluten free baking mix ever for my sweet baked treats. I will do some more in-depth research, but so far, the brown rice I buy, Bob's Red Mill, has not been implicated in the arsenic explosion. So at the end of the day, the lesson learned here is one we try to live by: Know what you eat and where it comes from. Followed closely by: Something is going to get me. I am happy to be informed and hope we continue to get this level of transparency when it comes to our food source, but am not going to sound the alarms and change my whole life. Any other gfree folks or avid rice eaters? Please share your thoughts or suggestions. Happy Eating, Shopping and Ingredient reading.
So we ring in 2012 and yet again here I sit with my "personal life coaches", Oprah, Phil, Bob, Martha etc. And yes by "personal" I mean famous and influential people who I am slightly infatuated with, who through their writings, TV Shows and Websites I find motivation for change and tools to unlock my inner passion and yadayada, become a whole new, transformed "best self". Generally speaking, I begin the New Year the same way every year and by about February 1st, lose most of my steam and my "best self" suddenly becomes a vision for the next year, when I might finally find more time for, well, besting myself as it were. Yet this year I begin with a new sense of direction and motivation. Thanks to some much-needed vacation time spent primarily in jammies with a warm cup of coffee or cold cup of wine depending on the time of day, I was able to really re-evaluate my long-term goals and become re-inspired to pursue my dream of farming,homesteading, writing, cooking and creating as a full-time job. I also learned, thanks to a handy quiz in the November issue of O (yup that sure is Oprah's Magazine and no I was not exaggerating about my infatuation) that I need to be influential and a leader. For those of you who know me best this should not come as a surprise as I thrive on being the center of attention. After years of denial, I feel that I can finally say that with pride instead of pretending that it's not true but then attempt to steal the spotlight just the same. So that being said, I will also be some kind of lobbyist or political personality striving to influence how our nation thinks about its food sources. Since magazine quizzes will NEVER steer you wrong, and because when I really do imagine that future it feels good and seems to fit, I think I will roll with it as the long-term goal that will help influence all the short-term, but long-lasting goals I will set for 2012. And so here I sit with my Iphone Resolution App (yes, they even make an app for that full of fun little icons, reminders and motivational gems of wisdom), a list of New Year's Resolutions, advice filled writings by my aforementioned "mentors", and a new-found commitment to making a change. There are of course the usual suspects: Weight Loss (I will be doing a 30 day no white or refined stuff; Bread, Rice, Potatoes..etc, so that should make for some fun blog posts full of snark, sugar deprived, angry comments so stay tuned), Exercise More (maybe actually use that free gym membership I so wonderfully get from my employer), Blog Daily (also should lead to some fun posts), Get and Stay Organized (also an app for that, although did not actually organize my filing cabinet as I had hoped, just gave me tips on how to do so), Create and Stick to a Budget, and Get More Sleep (off to a great start tonight, what with the fine folks at the NFL and Broadcast TV scheduling the Giants/Cowboys playoff berth deciding game for 8 PM on a Sunday..to you I say thanks for screwing me and my resolution over). I also added Make Homemade Gifts, Go to Church/Be more Spiritual and my personal favorite: Pretend I am a Farmer in Real Life. Yes you read that right. This resolution is born of my sharing my renewed drive with my husband and friend (who shall be known as Nathan Negative and Johnny Dream-Crusher for any writing related to this resolution) who believe that I do not fully understand the reality of my dream. Apparently, since I don't often (and by often I mean NEVER) clean the litter box or chicken coop and occasionally forget to put food in the dog's dish, I will never make it as a farmer. I submit that I CAN do ALL of those things, so in 2012 I will do them, write them and perhaps even photograph them. So, tomorrow, I will wake up with Stevia in my coffee and a spring in my step as I get in that daily workout, focus and organize at my day job and come home to focus, organize and blog here. I think 2012 has a lot to offer and for the first time since the birth of our daughter (who by the way has her first REAL birthday in 2012 which is a Leap Year for those of you not in the know) completely turned our world upside down and all around in a super great, but slightly disheveled way, I feel like I have the energy and focus to complete anything I set my mind too. To all of you I say Happy New Year to all and to all A Good Night!!!
Ok so I bought stevia. I need an occasional sweetener that is not going to widen my hips. I am morally opposed to Aspartame and all of it's cousins. So I found this at my local healthfood store and would love feedback from anyone who has tried it. I will always favor maple syrup and honey but tonight I tried some stevia in my apple cider vinegar drink ( a tale for a different day) and it was quite good and I don't feel like I sucked on a test tube full of chemicals. Thoughts?
It is hot. Stupid hot. I am quite certain that my brain is melting. In this kind of heat there is not much you can do but turn the sprinklers on and hope for the best. The lettuce might bolt and the peas will slow to a grinding halt. The tomatoes will ripen and the peppers well go gonzo. I will float in the pool and pick when I can. I will drink lots of water and wear lots of sunscreen. We will use the grill and hang out in the A/C. Take a break. The plants will be ok until the heatwave breaks. Stay Cool!!!
1. Wake up with alarm. It may or may not be dawn. Depends on the time of year.
2. Let dog out, brew coffee, take shower, dress child prepare lunches, breakfasts, etc. Turn on Disney Channel/Nick Jr. and pray for a meltdown free morning.
3. Rush off to office and punch in just under the wire. Work a full day.
4. Leave office. Make any and all last-minute stops. Funny how last-minute turns into last 20. Barely make it home/to daycare on time.
5. Get to house, find solace in an adult beverage. Try to come up with a nutritious tasty dinner that does not come from a box and takes only 20 minutes to make. Often experience big, fat failure.
6. Catch up on house work, MAYBE, watch a favorite tv show. pass out while trying to read your favorite book, wondering where the devil the day went.
7. Spend your weekends trying to cram an entire week's worth of "home-work" in. Inform your family that if they would like to eat they need to pick up the phone or open a box of Cheerios. You are done.
If this looks at all like a typical day for you, adding harvesting and preserving your vegetables may seem like the straw that will crack your spine. When I add things like jam, relish and pickle making and blanching and freezing pounds of greens and peas to an otherwise ridiculous day it seems physically impossible to do it all. When I tell friends that I stayed up until midnight making salsa, they look at me like the elevator stopped traveling to the top floor. I would be lying if I said the harvest was not time-consuming or did not mean burning the candle at both ends. There have been many a tear shed on a Tuesday night when the salsa was barely going into the jars at midnight, let alone being processed. I can tell you, however, that it is worth every tear-stained, pepper burned, sliced finger of it. If you are thinking about giving preserving the season a try with goods from your own garden, CSA share, or routine trips to your local farmstand/farmers market, here are some tips that will help you keep your sanity and enjoy your hard-earned goods.
1. Get a Foodsaver or one of the knock off's. We have a Rival and it is amazing. I am not sure how I ever got by without it. Freezing raspberries this evening took 15 minutes and they look like they will last forever and taste good too. Preserving the season is done in vain if your frozen goods taste like yucky ice.
2. Make something you have never made before. With part of our raspberry harvest this year I made GF raspberry cupcakes with raspberry buttercream frosting. This is not some thing I would normally make, but I was inspired by the fruit and my family loved them because they tasted like summer in a cupcake. It did not seem like hard harvest work when I was licking the frosting. off my nose, and my fingers, and my lips.
3. A blanch a day keeps the doctor away. If you can blanch and freeze one set of veggies either from garden or CSA a day, you will have a freezer packed with fresh and delicious vegetables in no time.
4. There is always room for more kale. Or swiss chard. Or beet greens. If you get a lot of greens (there is more in this world than spinach), you can add them to pretty much every casserole, make a great bed for poached eggs or make a yummy addition to a salad or a sandwich. Kale chips are an amazing snack that is super easy to make.
5. Do what you want. If you don't like salsa, don't make salsa. If you really hate Kale, give it to a friend or donate it to a food pantry. Preserving the harvest is about wanting to enjoy the taste and health benefits of the growing season. If you don't like it now, you will not like in weeks or months. If you don't love making jams, jellies, relishes and preserves don't do it.
6. If you take the time to freeze..take the the time to blanch. Blanching your vegetables is key to keeping them fresh and tasty by killing enzymes. Over-blanching kicks them into high gear. Under does not completely destroy them. Take a peek at the Ball Book or the Better Homes and Garden cookbook. Both places give you a detailed charts on how long to boil and when to throw them into the ice-water. It takes time and can be hot, but is worth every minute.
7. A food processor/grinder is a must have. It can take hours to chop by hand and it doesn't make it taste better. It just makes you angry and no one will give you a medal for it, because no-one cares.
In the end, it is a lot of work. and it can take a lot of time, as clearly evidences by the 6 days it has taken me to write this. Women 100 years ago did not have all the conveniences we have now, but did not have all the same stresses or time consumers we have now. In the end however, when you are craving a homemade blueberry muffin or a reuben with homemade thousand island dressing there is nothing like finding and tasting delicious items from your own stores. The best advice I can give: Try it. If you don't love it, let someone else do it for you. If you do, keep trying new and fun things with new and fun vegetables. I promise your palette and your health will thank you. I was hoping to have some sumptuous photos of some of the delicious things that harvest season has brought to our kitchen, however, I am having some photo difficulties. Stay tuned for some specific recipes and photos.
You are probably wondering what on earth golfing has to do with homesteading and/or organic gardening, right? I will be honest, not a whole heck of a lot. However, I absolutely believe to be successful as a homesteader, you have to be willing to try new things. Since I am what some psychologist types would like to call a "joiner", I did not even blink when someone asked me to play in a charity golf tournament. I simply said, "sure I'd love to!" The fact that I hadn't touched a club in almost 5 years and never really played a full game didn't matter until the next day, when the reality of what I had committed to sank in. So today, I "tried" golfing again and I was terrible. No, terrible is to kind. HORRIBLE. My teammates should have gotten tee-shirts that say, "I played golf with Jamie and all I got was this damn T-shirt?" Thankfully, they were all super kind and supportive and were happy to have some comic relief. As it turns out I am looking forward to playing again!! I was a little disheartened by my 20th swing and a miss and by around hole 9, I was ready to throw in the towel. Instead, I ordered a drink, watched my teammates, and tried again. Now granted, there is a tree here in northern VT with a little less bark, a pond with a few extra golf balls at the bottom, and one outbuilding with a little dent in it, but by the 18th hole, I was actually making solid contact and putting the ball in the air. All the while, I was laughing and enjoying my time in the great outdoors with great people. My journey into homesteading has been a similar experience. Our first garden lacked, well, vegetables. The first batch of canned jam I ever made was not among my top 100 tastiest concoctions. It has taken me 7 years to perfect pie crust. The first thing I ever knitted was a blanket for my friend's wedding. They have been married nearly 5 years and it is STILL not done. The first diaper I put on my child was backwards. You get the drift. Every single one of those things has an amazing memory or funny story attached to it. So many of the best experiences of my life have come from deciding I wanted to learn a skill or "join" a club. I cannot wait to see what fun new skills my journey towards becoming the a little mom on the prairie bring my way. Getting back to basics means learning a lot of new things, which means inevitable failure before amazing success. I hope everyone tries something for the first time, falls flat on their face, comes back for a second whack at it and repeats the process for the rest of their lives. On a side note : Should you see me on the course, stay away from buildings and trees for your own safety.
Tonight's post is a little lean because as it turns out this modern-day homesteader has some modern-day homework to wrap up. Today, however, was one of those days that was just to wonderful to not write about. It wasn't wonderful in a wedding, birth of my child, day on the beach kind of wonderful, but a simple pleasures life is good kind. Today was a day to enjoy ice cream sundaes with friends and co-workers. It was about eating a homemade corn fritter filled with fresh herbs that tantalized the taste buds. It was about going for an amazing walk in the sunshine with a good friend. It was about a kind and patient man who I happen to adore helping me master a golf swing. It was about talking to chickens and having them talk back. It was about running through the sprinkler with my daughter and watching as seeds start to sprout in our garden. It was about eating grilled cheese and letting the magic of dance fill our home. It is days like these that remind me that the root of all our homesteading goals and practices is to relish these simple times and make them a rule not the exception. Days like this also remind me that talking to chickens is a little weird and even when you think you are a terrible golfer, the magic shot will happen when you are aiming towards the house. Sleep tight and strive for a 100 simple pleasures tomorrow!!


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text:
Alcohol World Records
Words by Jane Ryan
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There are some strange world records out there; from the farthest milk squirting distance to the longest career as an ice cream man. And then there are the booze-related records. From largest tastings to most expensive cocktail, our industry has always been about competitiveness. As International Rum Ambassador, Ian Burrell, attempts to hold the largest rum tasting ever, we look back over some of the world's alcohol records.
Most expensive whisk(e)y sold at auction
This honour goes to a bottle of 64-year-old Macallan in Lalique for a staggering £291,125 or US$460,000. The sale took place at Sotheby's in New York on 15 November 2010. All the proceeds went to a charity which provides access to clean, safe drinking water for people in developing nations.
Largest bottle of whisk(e)y
Created for their birthday celebrations, The Famous Grouse have a 228 litre (50.15 gal, 60.23 US gal) bottle of whisky which lives on permanent display at The Famous Grouse Experience for visitors taking a tour at the distillery to see. It stands at 1.7 metres (5 ft 7 in) tall with the cork in.
Oldest operating Scotch whisky distillery
The oldest operating Scotch whisky distillery is the Strathisla Distillery in Keith, Banffshire, Scotland which was founded in 1786. Originally named Milltown Distillery it was in the 1870s that it was given the name of Strathisla. In 1949 its owner was imprisoned for tax evasion and the next year the distillery was bought by Seagram through its subsidiary Chivas Brothers.
Oldest whisky
Glenavon Special Liqueur Whisky is believed to have been bottled by the Glenavon Distillery (closed since the 1850s) in Ballindalloch, Scotland, between 1851 and 1858, making it the oldest whisky around today. The green bottle is unusually small in size and holds about 14fl oz (about 400ml) of pale gold liquid.
Highest beer keg toss
The Guinness World Records stipulate that to compete for this title the beer keg must weigh 12.3 kg. Which is rather heavy. The highest a man has managed the throw such a hefty weight is 7.30 m (23.95 ft), this was achieved by Benjamin Hedermann, a professional shot putter from Germany, on the set of 'Guinness World Records- CCTV' in Beijing, China, on 4 December 2011.
Earlier that year Michaela Pennekamp achieved a height of 3.5 metres (11 ft 5 in) earning her the title of highest beer keg toss for women. This was on 2 April 2011 on the set of Guinness World Records - Wir holen den Rekord nach Deutschland in Berlin.
Strongest beer ever sold
The strongest beer ever sold is "The End of History", which was brewed by BrewDog in Fraserburgh, Scotland and has an alcohol volume of 55%. Bottles were sold for £500 (US $806) each or £700 ($1,129) when packaged in a taxidermied squirrel. There have been stronger brews since, but not sold.
Largest beer tasting
The largest Beer tasting was a gathering of 392 people and was achieved by Smaakvol Gelderland, in Arnhem, Netherlands, on 29 August 2014.
Largest tankard of beer
The largest beer tankard measures 5.87 m (19 ft 3 in) tall, has a diameter of 2.03 m (6 ft 7 in) and can hold 12,910 litres (2839.8 gal) of beer. It was created by the Meraner Altstadtvereinigung and was presented and measured in Meran, Italy, on 7 August 2010.
Most beer bottle caps removed with teeth - 1 min
The most beer bottle caps removed with the teeth (makes us wince just thinking about it) in one minute is 68 and was achieved by Murali K.C at Country Club Mysore, in Bangalore, India, on 17 September 2011. There were four witnesses and media at the attempt. All the caps were accounted for at the end of the attempt with clear video footage that shows this.
Largest wine glass
The largest wine glass measured 3.87 m (12 ft 8 in) in height and 2.04 m (6 ft 8 in) at its widest point and was created by the Kumitat Festi Esterni San Gorg Hal Qormi. It was presented and measured in Hal Qormi, Malta, on 21 April 2012.
Most expensive white wine
The most expensive white wine is a single bottle of Chateau d'Yquem (1811), which was sold for £75,000 ($117,000) by The Antique Wine Company, London, on 18 January 2011.
Largest bottle of wine
The largest bottle of wine measured 3.8 m (12 ft 2 in) tall, 1 m (3 ft 3 in) in diameter and was filled with 2,019.79 litres (444.29 UK gal; 533.57 US gal) of wine. It was created by OK Watterfäscht and presented and measured in Watt, Gemeinde Regensdorf, Switzerland, on 9 July 2011.
Largest wine cellar
The cellars at Paarl of the Koöperatiewe Wijnbouwers Vereniging, known as KWV, in Cape Province, in the centre of the wine-growing district of South Africa, cover an area of 22 ha (54 acres) and have a capacity of 121 million litres (27 million gal).
Most expensive wine sold at auction
The most expensive bottle of wine sold at auction is £192,000 ($304,375), which was paid for a bottle of 1947 French Cheval-Blanc, and sold at Christie's, Geneva, Switzerland on 16 November 2010.
Oldest manufactured wine
Commandaria, the sweet dessert wine from Cyprus, is the oldest manufactured wine in the world, its origins traced as far back as 2000 BC.
This wine also holds the record for the oldest "Appelation d'origine". In the year 1223, King Phillipe of France called it "The Apostle of wines" and it soon became famous all over Europe as "Commandaria", taking the name of the area where it was produced. This part of Cyprus took its name at the time of the Crusades, when in 1210 the Knight of the Order of St. John built the Kolossi castle and called the area "Grande Commanderie".
Most champagne bottles sabered in one minute
The most champagne bottles sabered in one minute is 40 and was achieved by Ashrita Furman (USA) in New York, New York, USA, on 15 June 2014.
Largest cocktail
The largest cocktail is 39,746.82 litres (8,743 UK gal; 10,499 US gal) and was achieved by Nick Nicora (USA), in Sacramento, California, USA, on 13 July 2012.
The cocktail was a margarita and it was made in a large cocktail shaker.
Most expensive cocktail
The most expensive cocktail was sold for £8,583 ($12,970) and was made by Joel Heffernan, at Club 23, Melbourne, Australia, on 7 February 2013.
The cocktail made by Joel Heffernan, called 'the Winston', contained 60ml of Croizet's 1858 'Cuvee Leonie' cognac. This cognac is also the Guinness World Records title holder of the most expensive cognac sold at auction.
Most cocktails made in one hour (team)
The most cocktails made in one hour by a team is 3,906, achieved by Matthias Knorr, Elena Barnetzki, Anna Knorr and Thomas Weinberger on the set of Guinness World Records - Wir Holen Den Rekord Nach Deutschland, in Europa Park, Rust, Germany, on 18 July 2012.
The team had the maximum number of eight participants. Each individual bartender did not make the same cocktail more than once.
Most cocktails made in one minute
The most cocktails made in one minute is 18 and was achieved by Sheldon Wiley on the set of "GMA LIVE!" in New York, New York, USA, on 7 February 2013.
Largest glass of mojito
The largest mojito contains 2,100 litres (461.94 UK gal; 554.76 US gal) of cocktail and was made by Massimo Masini and Alessandro Selvaggi, in Lavagna, Italy, on 14 August 2012.
The mojito was comprised of 300 litres of rum, 120 kg brown sugar, 25 kg mint, 240 kg lime, 1,200 kg ice and 600 litres sparking water.
Largest glass of margarita
The largest margarita had a volume of 32,176 litres (7,077.73 gal, 8,500 US gal) and was achieved by Margaritaville (USA) in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, on 14 October 2011.
It took approximately 300 hours and 60 people to prepare the drink, appropriately named "Lucky Rita", and it was created to celebrate the grand opening of the Margaritaville Casino at The Flamingo hotel in Las Vegas.
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