text:
Grimace scales >
Mouse grimace scale
Read the original paper
Langford DJ, Bailey AL, Chanda ML et al. (2010). Coding of facial expressions of pain in the laboratory mouse. Nature Methods 7(6): 447-449. doi:10.1038/nmeth.1455
Read the original training manual
Mouse Grimace Scale (MGS): The Manual
Read papers that validate or use this technique
Matsumiya LS, Sorge RE, Sotocinal SG et al. (2012). Using the Mouse Grimace Scale to reevaluate the efficacy of postoperative analgesics in laboratory mice. Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science 51(1): 42-49. PMCID:PMC3276965
Leach MC, Klaus K, Miller AL et al. (2012). The assessment of post-vasectomy pain in mice using behaviour and the Mouse Grimace Scale. PLOS ONE 7(4): e35656. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0035656
Miller AL and Leach MC (2015). Using the Mouse Grimace Scale to assess pain associated with routine ear notching and the effect of analgesia in laboratory mice. Laboratory Animals 49(2): 117-120. doi:10.1177/0023677214559084
Miller AL and Leach MC (2015). The Mouse Grimace Scale: A clinically useful tool? PLOS ONE 10(9): e0136000. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0136000
Miller A, Kitson G, Skalkoyannis B et al. (2015). The effect of isoflurane anaesthesia and buprenorphine on the mouse grimace scale and behaviour in CBA and DBA/2 mice. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 172: 58-62. doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2015.08.038
Miller AL and Leach MC (2015). The effect of handling method on the mouse grimace scale in two strains of laboratory mice. Laboratory Animals 50(4): 305-7. doi:10.1177/0023677215622144
Faller KM, McAndrew DJ, Schneider JE et al. (2015). Refinement of analgesia following thoracotomy and experimental myocardial infarction using the Mouse Grimace Scale. Experimental Physiology 100(2): 164-172. doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2014.083139
Roughan JV, Bertrand HG and Isles HM (2015). Meloxicam prevents COX-2-mediated post-surgical inflammation but not pain following laparotomy in mice. European Journal of Pain 20(2): 231-40. doi:10.1002/ejp.712
Kim JY, Tillu DV, Quinn TL et al. (2015). Spinal dopaminergic projections control the transition to pathological pain plasticity via a D1/D5-mediated mechanism. Journal of Neuroscience 35(16): 6307-6317. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3481-14.2015
Bu X, Liu Y, Lu Q et al. (2015). Effects of "danzhi decoction" on chronic pelvic pain, hemodynamics, and proinflammatory factors in the murine model of sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2015: 547251. doi:10.1155/2015/547251
Mittal A, Gupta M, Lamarre Y et al. (2016). Quantification of pain in sickle mice using facial expressions and body measurements. Blood, cells, molecules and diseases 57: 58-66. doi:10.1016/j.bcmd.2015.12.006
Wu J, Zhao Z, Zhu X et al. (2016). Cell cycle inhibition limits development and maintenance of neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury. Pain 157(2): 488-503. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000393
Miller AL, Kitson GL, Skalkoyannis B et al. (2016). Using the mouse grimace scale and behaviour to assess pain in CBA mice following vasectomy. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 181: 160-165. doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2016.05.020
Allweiler SI (2016). How to improve anesthesia and analgesia in small mammals. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice 19(2): 361-377. doi:10.1016/j.cvex.2016.01.012
Duffy SS, Perera CJ, Makker PG et al. (2016). Peripheral and central neuroinflammatory changes and pain behaviors in an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Frontiers in Immunology 7: 369. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2016.00369
Hassan AM, Jain P, Mayerhofer R et al. (2017). Visceral hyperalgesia caused by peptide YY deletion and Y2 receptor antagonism. Scientific Reports 7: 40968. doi:10.1038/srep40968
Zhu Y, Wang S, Long H et al. (2017). Effect of static magnetic field on pain level and expression of P2X3 receptors in the trigeminal ganglion in mice following experimental tooth movement. Bioelectromagnetics 38(1): 22-30. doi:10.1002/bem.22009
Hohlbaum K, Bert B, Dietze S et al. (2017). Severity classification of repeated isoflurane anesthesia in C57BL/6JRj mice: Assessing the degree of distress. PLoS ONE 12(6): e0179588. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0179588
Wang S, Lim J, Joseph J et al. (2017). Spontaneous and bite-evoked muscle pain are mediated by a common nociceptive pathway with differential contribution by TRPV1. The Journal of Pain 18(11): 1333-1345. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2017.06.005
Akintola T, Raver C, Studlack P et al. (2017). The grimace scale reliably assesses chronic pain in a rodent model of trigeminal neuropathic pain. Neurobiology of Pain 2: 13-17. doi:10.1016/j.ynpai.2017.10.001
Tuttle AH, Molinaro MJ, Jethwa JF et al. (2018). A deep neural network to assess spontaneous pain from mouse facial expressions. Molecular Pain 14: 1744806918763658. doi:10.1177/1744806918763658
Hohlbaum K, Bert B, Dietze S et al. (2018). Systematic assessment of well-being in mice for procedures using general anesthesia. Journal of Visualized Experiments 20(133). doi:10.3791/57046
Wang S, Brigoli B, Lim J et al. (2018). Roles of TRPV1 and TRPA1 in spontaneous pain from inflamed masseter muscle. Neuroscience 384: 290-299 doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.05.048
Dalla Costa E, Pascuzzo R, Leach MC et al. (2018). Can grimace scales estimate the pain status in horses and mice? A statistical approach to identify a classifier. PLOS ONE 13(8): e0200339. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0200339
de Almeida AS, Rigo FK, De Prá SD et al. (2019). Role of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) on nociception caused by a murine model of breast carcinoma. Pharmacological Research 104576. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104576
Jirkof P, Abdelrahman A, Bleich A et al. (2019). A safe bet? Inter-laboratory variability in behaviour-based severity assessment. Laboratory Animals 23677219881481. doi:10.1177/0023677219881481
Ernst L, Kopaczka M, Schulz M et al. (2019). Semi-automated generation of pictures for the Mouse Grimace Scale: A multi-laboratory analysis (Part 2). Laboratory Animals 23677219881664. doi:10.1177/0023677219881664
Ernst L, Kopaczka M, Schulz M et al. (2019). Improvement of the Mouse Grimace Scale set-up for implementing a semi-automated Mouse Grimace Scale scoring (Part 1). Laboratory Animals 23677219881655. doi:10.1177/0023677219881655
Wang S, Kim M, Ali Z et al. (2019). TRPV1 and TRPV1-expressing nociceptors mediate orofacial pain behaviors in a mouse model of orthodontic tooth movement. Frontiers of Physiology 10: 1207. doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01207
Sarfaty AE, Zeiss CJ, Willis AD et al. (2019). Concentration-dependent toxicity after subcutaneous administration of meloxicam to C57BL/6N mice (Mus musculus). Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science 58(6): 802-809. doi:10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-19-000037
Serizawa K, Tomizawa-Shinohara H, Yasuno H et al. (2019). Anti-IL-6 receptor antibody inhibits spontaneous pain at the pre-onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. Frontiers of Neurology 10: 341. doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00341
de Almeida AS, Rigo FK, De Prá SD et al. (2019). Characterization of cancer-induced nociception in a murine model of breast carcinoma. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology 39(5): 605-617. doi:10.1007/s10571-019-00666-8
Roughan JV and Sevenoaks T (2019). Welfare and scientific considerations of tattooing and ear tagging for mouse identification. Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science 58(2): 142-153. doi:10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-18-000057
Guo W, Zou S, Mohammad Z et al. (2019). Voluntary biting behavior as a functional measure of orofacial pain in mice. Physiology and Behavior 204: 129-139. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.02.024
Herrera C, Bolton F, Arias AS et al. (2019). Analgesic effect of morphine and tramadol in standard toxicity assays in mice injected with venom of the snake Bothrops asper. Toxicon 154: 35-41. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.09.012
Hohlbaum K, Bert B, Dietze S et al. (2019). Impact of repeated anesthesia with ketamine and xylazine on the well-being of C57BL/6JRj mice. PLoS One 13(9): e0203559. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0203559
Mai SHC, Sharma N, Kwong AC et al. (2019). Body temperature and mouse scoring systems as surrogate markers of death in cecal ligation and puncture sepsis. Intensive Care Medicine Experimental 6(1): 20. doi:10.1186/s40635-018-0184-3
Wang S, Brigoli B, Lim J et al. (2019). Roles of TRPV1 and TRPA1 in spontaneous pain from inflamed masseter muscle. Neuroscience 384: 290-299. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.05.048
Serizawa K, Tomizawa-Shinohara H, Yasuno H et al. (2019). Anti-IL-6 receptor antibody inhibits spontaneous pain at the pre-onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. Frontiers in Neurology 10: 341. doi:10.3389/fneur.2019.00341
Guo W, Zou S, Mohammad Z et al. (2019). Voluntary biting behaviour as a functional measure of orofacial pain in mice. Physiology and behaviour 204: 129-139. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.02.024
Cho C, Michailidis V, Lecker I et al. (2019). Evaluating analgesic efficacy and administration route following craniotomy in mice using the grimace scale. Scientific Reports 9(1): 359. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-36897-w
Wang S, Kim M, Ali Z et al. (2019). TRPV1 and TRPV1-expressing nociceptors mediate orofacial pain behaviours in a mouse model of orthodontic tooth movement. Frontiers in Physiology 10: 1207. doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01207


text:
Ward Security CEO calls for tighter dog licensing regulations
Regulation of the security dog industry is long overdue and it is time we address this important issue says David Ward, Chief Executive Officer of national security company, Ward Security.
He says, "While BS 8517-1:2016 Security dogs – Part 1: Code of practice for the use of general security dogs provides an excellent best practice framework, it is not currently a legal requirement for any supplier of general purpose security dogs to meet the standard. We believe it the Home Office need to review The Private Security Industry Act 2009 and to make dog handling a licensable activity, whereby suppliers would be obliged to meet the code.
"Organisations such as the National Association of Security Dog Users (NASDU) diligently strive to offer courses, training and their own accreditations, but the reality is that best practice standards are voluntary and so do not provide the industry-wide safeguards against incidents that are unfortunately inevitable. A legal obligation to meet the standard would result in a much safer environment, and a higher level of service to customers who employ general purpose security dog services.
"It cannot be right that somebody can offer to 'hire out' dogs for security use with no safeguards in place to the nature, training or capability of the animal. That this happens serves to illustrate the ridiculous 'Wild West' situation we find ourselves in and the urgency of a review.
"Hindsight is uncomfortable when talking about unheeded warnings. The risks of unregulated security dogs, services, training and handlers are obvious. The dogs used for security are by definition potentially very dangerous and capable of serious injury or fatality. A 6 stone German Shepherd presents a formidable deterrent when under proper control, but an inadequately trained one in the hands of an inadequately trained or inexperienced handler presents a significant threat to public safety.
"If and when that moment occurs, and somebody is seriously injured or killed by an inadequately trained animal, it will be the entire security industry that shares the blame. Security companies that strive to provide the highest level of service and safety, using the best trained animals and handlers, and who themselves have invested in achieving at least BS 8517-1:2016 will unfortunately count the costs of reputational damage.
"As a supplier of security dog services, as well as search dogs, Ward Security takes great pride in its services. Current legislation such as The Guard Dogs Act 1975, The Dangerous Dogs Act 1991, and the latest Animal Control Bill 2015 are in place, however, there is an obvious missing piece of the legislative jigsaw. We call upon the security industry and organisations that provide guidance and accreditation to prioritise this important issue and to lobby Government for a strengthening of regulations that cover all aspects of security dog services, including training, handling, hire, and animal welfare."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Spirituality and Education SIG 114
Meetings & Other Events
SIG Purpose
To identify principles of education consistent with a variety of spiritual traditions and their implications for practice.
Welcome to Spirituality and Education SIG website
I want to invite you to examine our new SIG website and explore the possibilities to be found by those drawn with common interests in spirituality.
Officers 2019-2020
Judy A. Alston, Ph. D.
Chair Appointed, 5/1/2019 - 4/30/2020
401 College Avenue
127 Schar Hall
jalston@ashland.edu
Cristina Corrine Santamaria Graff, Ph.D.
Program Chair, 5/1/2019 - 4/30/2021
Indiana University - Purdue University at Indianapolis
santamac@iupui.edu
Molly Serene Dunn, Ph.D.
Secretary, 5/1/2019 - 4/30/2021
Notre Dame of Maryland University School of Education
2331 Chapel Hill Boulevard Odenton, MD 21113
WORK: 7733086331
msd818@hotmail.com
Officers: 2017-2018
Dannielle Joy Davis, Ph.D.
Program Co-Chairs:
Robert London, Ph.D. &
Tami Augustine, Ph.D.
Cristina Santamaria Graff, Ph.D.
Molly Dunn, Ph.D.
Angela Cartwright, Ph.D.
Dr. Kathleen Harris, Ph.D.
Associate Professor, Division of Education
One Seton Hill Drive
kharris@setonhill.edu
Dr. Cathy C. Leogrande, Ph.D.
Le Moyne College
Associate Professor of Education
1419 Salt Springs Road
leogracc@lemoyne.edu
Dr. Tom Peterson Ed.D.
Professor of Social and Philosophical Foundations of Education
Department of Educational Innovation
tpeters@westga.edu
Dr. Bob London
rlondon@csusb.edu
See All Initiatives>>
See All Awards>>
Spirituality in Education Book Series Call for Proposals
United We Stand: The Role of Spirituality in Engaging and Healing Communities A volume in the new IAP series: Contemporary Perspectives on Spirituality in Education Book Series Editor: Dannielle Joy Davis, Saint Louis University The results of the 2016 U.S. election and subsequent policies at the federal level have led some to refer to the country as "The Divided States of America." However, segments of society are drawing upon their faith and spirituality to develop strategies to mend social relationships and fragmented communities. The Contemporary Perspectives on Spirituality in Education book series will feature volumes geared towards understanding and exploring the role of spirituality in addressing challenge, conflict, and marginalization, particularly within education in America and internationally. Please see the attached document for call details.


CHARLIE RASCAL (FR) is a 4 year old GELDING which was most recently trained by 0. This GELDING was foaled in 2014, and is by the sire MYBOYCHARLIE (IRE) and dam RASCAFRIA (USA).
Whenever an item is posted to this site relating to CHARLIE RASCAL (FR) it will be listed below, in reverse chronological order (the most recently listed items will be nearest the top of this page, below).


and redistribution of routes from other routing protocols.
Specify the link-local multicast address to be used by the protocol.
sent on wireless interfaces.  The default is 4 seconds.
sent on wired interfaces.  The default is 4 seconds.
.BI \-z " kind" " \fR[\fB," factor "\fR]"
in units of 1/256; the default is 128 (i.e. division by 2).
smoothing.  The default is 4s.
Specify the priority value used when installing routes into the kernel.
explicitly overridden in the configuration file.
Do not perform split-horizon processing on wired interfaces.
Split-horizon is not performed on wireless interfaces.
cause a node to be unreachable for 120 seconds just after boot.
.BI \-g " port\fR,\fP" " \-g" " path"
configuration, and may therefore be a security issue.
and terminate at the end of the line.
depending on the kernel version.
(do not use any diversity algorithm).
be multiplied, in units of 1/256.  The default is 128 (division by 2).
kernel parameters, for instance inside a Linux container.
address.  If two nodes have the same router-id, bad things will happen.
source-specific routes.  The default is 10.
routes.  The default is 100.
the interface is wireless, and 96 otherwise.
default, networks are not far away.
This defines the interval between hello packets sent on this interface.
packet loss is expected.  The default is four times the hello interval.
Only send TLVs that are defined by RFC 6126, the older version of Babel.
it is provided for compatiblity with future versions.
RTT samples, in units of 1/256.  Must be between 1 and 256, inclusive.
(applied to routes installed into the kernel).
a protocol different from "boot".
specifies the interface over which the route forwards packets.
to 0 in case of a redistribute filter).
is the name of your wireless interface.
Proc. IFIP Networking 2015.  2015.
operation.  This is no different from unsecured neighbour discovery or ARP.
enough to just allow packets destined to Babel's multicast address.


text:
The case for Biden is stronger now than it was before the debate
James Poulos Oct 18, 2015 8:05 PM ET
It's true that Biden ought to declare now, but false that he's running out of time. In fact, his case is stronger than before the debate, which showed that Hillary at her most commanding is still very weak. She's not going to wipe out the enthusiasm for Sanders. She knows that. Instead, she's going to do what she's always done – game the system, grit her teeth, and endure. Voters will fall in line, convinced that Hillary's inside game is secretly more legitimate than Sanders' outsider insurgency.
Unless! If Biden runs, suddenly Democrats have a real alternative: not just in an ideological sense, but in a raw political one.
Biden can go toe to toe with Clinton in a way Sanders can't. He's got his differences of principle – especially on foreign policy, where Clinton's weaknesses are the most glaring and controversial. But he's also the only plausible establishment alternative to Clinton. With apologies to Sanders' fans, Biden is the only plausible alternative, period. That gives him the authority to draw substantive distinctions with Clinton on the issues Democrats – and Americans – care about most. That's how he can win his party's nomination. And it's how he should.
Read More From James Poulos


text:
Orthodox England
events 'blog
Russia, The Russian Federation, The Soviet Union, The Russian Empire, Rus and Holy Rus
Introduction: Russia
There is considerable confusion between the various terms used to describe most of the territory of Northern Eurasia, generally known by the name of Russia. This is a very loose, geographical term. Used imprecisely, it can denote either the Russian Federation, or the Soviet Union or the Russian Empire. Thus the term 'The Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia' (ROCOR) was used to mean 'The Russian Orthodox Church Outside the Russian Empire' (although it is increasingly coming to mean 'The Russian Orthodox Church in the Anglosphere' (ROCA?)). Let us look at the three temporary political formations which the term 'Russia' can be used to cover and how the term relates to the spiritual term 'Holy Rus'.
Three Temporary Political Formations
The Russian Federation
The Russian Federation (1991 – present) is simply the present three-quarters of the old Russian Empire and is the result of the dismemberment of the old Soviet Union a generation ago. It is a temporary and the contemporary version of the country that covers most of the territory of Northern Eurasia. Sadly, the Russian Federation inherited the sad Soviet 'abcde' legacy: alcoholism, (a)bortion, corruption, divorce and environmental degradation, though it is successively fighting against all of them. The Russian Federation is an intermediate State organization that will inevitably die out and, at best, be replaced by something superior or, at worst, something inferior.
The Soviet Union
The Soviet Union (1917-1991) inherited much that was good from the old Russian Empire, for example, free and high-level education and medicine, social justice, anti-colonialism. However, its disastrous, atheist, German Jewish ideology of centralist Communism was utterly genocidal from the beginning and many, many millions lost their lives in repression, torture, persecutions and artificial famines and its vicious persecutions of the Church produced millions of martyrs. Its inherent injustice and corruption led to many falling into alcoholism as the only escape from it. When it collapsed through betrayal after three generations, more of the remaining heritage of the old Russian Empire, both in territorial terms and in terms of values, was also lost.
The Russian Empire
The Russian Empire (1721-1917) covered a vast multinational Northern Eurasian territory, one sixth of the world, with at its height territory even on three continents. However, it collapsed after the betrayal of the elite of the Empire in 1917. It then developed into the tragic atheist Soviet Union which decayed three generations later, also by betrayal. The betrayal of Imperial Russia after less than 200 years was carried out by aristocrats (the ancestors of today's oligarchs and the descendants of the medieval boyars), merchants (today's businessmen) and bureaucrats (the ancestors of Soviet apparatchiks and later today's corrupt officials). All these proved to be for the most part traitors and turncoats, seeking their own egoistic advantages.
Conclusion: Holy Rus
The historical term Rus means the territory of the East Slavs, which today means the Russian Federation, the Ukraine and Belarus. However, the spiritual term 'Holy Rus' (sometimes imprecisely translated as 'Holy Russia') denotes anywhere in the world where Russian Orthodoxy is confessed. This includes not only the Russian Federation, the Ukraine, Belarus, but Moldova, parts of Kazakhstan, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and communities in the USA, Canada, Australia, Japan, Germany, England, France, Argentina and scores of other countries on all five continents.
Holy Rus is our identity, that of the Christian Empire. Although this Orthodox identity encompasses different languages and locally-venerated saints, this diversity is held in unity by our faithfulness to the Russian Orthodox Tradition, Holy Rus. All temporary political formations contain spiritual impurity, none measures up to Holy Rus, not even the Russian Empire, which came closest to it. Our goal of building up the Kingdom of Heaven on earth is to build up Holy Rus and everything is measured by this criterion.
This entry was posted in Holy Rus, Rus, Russia, Soviet Union and tagged Christian Empire on March 21, 2017 by Father Andrew.
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Disrupting the Disruption: Gender, Governance and Gross National Happiness in Bhutan
Posted on January 7, 2021 January 7, 2021 by Kent Schroeder & Jasmeen ChandiLeave a Comment on Disrupting the Disruption: Gender, Governance and Gross National Happiness in Bhutan
"Disruption" and "innovation" are two terms that permeate current development practice and research. Standard ways of 'doing' development are perceived as being in urgent need of disruption if they are to meaningfully improve people's lives. This includes work on gender equality. The history of gender approaches – from Women in Development (WID) to Women and Development (WAD) to Gender and Development (GAD) – needs an infusion of innovation and disruption to more effectively lead to better gender outcomes in maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH); education; women's rights and other areas.
At the same time, disruption for the sake of disruption is not enough. The long-term success of a disruption, whether related to gender equality or other development priorities, requires the disruption to become institutionalized. An effective disruption needs to become business as usual to provide sustainable, long lasting change for how we undertake development work. For example, the practice of gender responsive budgeting emerged as a significant disruption to the standard budgeting process. It introduced a gender lens that identifies the different impacts of a budget on women and men and subsequently allocates resources in a way that promotes gender equality. There was a time that this seemed almost revolutionary; a key disruption that introduced a meaningful new innovation. Today, gender responsive budgeting is a regular part of the budgeting process for many. It is common among development NGOs. It is also a component of budgeting at both the national and local government levels in countries like El Salvador and Bolivia. Canada passed the Canadian Gender Budgeting Act in 2018. In Austria, gender budgeting is even entrenched in its constitution. A one-time gender disruption is now institutionalized as business as usual.
Institutionalizing a meaningful gender disruption is potentially critical for promoting better and more sustainable gender outcomes. We would suggest, however, that institutionalizing a gender disruption is not enough. There are times where disrupting the disruption itself is needed to ensure it does not become drained of meaning or meaningful application as part of its institutionalization. The landscape of development theory and practice it is littered with disruptive buzzwords that were institutionalized and subsequently drained of meaning. Perhaps most notable is the disruptive promotion of grassroots participation in the 1970s and 80s (Chambers 1983; Freire 1970) that subsequently gained widespread acceptance, eventually turning into the "tyranny of participation" as the disruption became just another institutionalized technocratic process stripped of its original empowering focus (Cooke & Kothari 2001). Disrupting the one-time disruption that is now institutionalized is necessary to avoid this situation.
Gross National Happiness: An institutionalized development disruption
Bhutan is a tiny country that would seem to be globally insignificant. Yet its national development strategy, known as Gross National Happiness (GNH), is a significant disruption to development discourse and practice. GNH, which was originally articulated by the fourth king of Bhutan, moves beyond the traditional development focus on economic growth and offers a holistic and multidimensional approach to improving people's lives. Originally based on four pillars – equitable socio-economic development, cultural preservation and promotion, environmental conservation and good governance – it is has more recently been conceptualized as nine domains:
Image from https://ophi.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/GNH_and_GNH_index_2012.pdf
The nine domains of GNH are conceptualized as interdependent, recognizing the synergies and interrelationships across complex economic, ecological, cultural, and governance systems. As a development strategy, GNH intends to foster and promote the nine domains to create the enabling conditions for people to choose happiness and inner contentment. The choice of happiness and contentment is still up to the individual, but the development process puts the economic, social, cultural and ecological conditions in place that enable people to freely make that choice. This is radically different territory than the traditional development approach focused on increasing GDP. A sole focus on economic growth is disrupted by a holistic GNH approach that addresses the multiple dimensions of being human. And while today there are many multidimensional development approaches such as the human development paradigm, GNH is very much one of the original disruptors that precedes most of the current multidimensional frameworks. Moreover, it is directly connected to its cultural context, indigenizing the country's development process.
GNH is not just a disruption of development discourse and action. Over the last 15 years or so, Bhutan has institutionalized this disruption as the central part of Bhutanese development governance. Bhutan's 2008 constitution commits the Bhutanese state to promoting the enabling conditions for GNH. In addition, multiple GNH-related agencies and policy and planning tools now exist as the core of Bhutanese governance practice. The GNH Commission, for example, is the national planning agency that develops 5 year plans that integrate GNH targets into the activities of all central government ministries and all district and local governments. At the policy formulation level, a GNH screening tool is used to ensure every policy passed in the legislature promotes the 9 domains of GNH. Perhaps most well-known is the GNH Index, which measures policy outcomes through a GNH Survey undertaken every 5 years. These GNH policy tools illustrate that a one-time development disruption is now at the institutional heart of Bhutanese governance.
Gross National Happiness and gender
Where does gender equality fit within Bhutan's institutionalized GNH disruption? Existing research suggests that patriarchy remains evident in multiple context within Bhutan (Chuki 2019; Chuki & Turner 2017; Khan 2015). Yet our own project-based gender assessments indicate that popular perceptions of gender within Bhutan suggest a fairly widely held belief that women inhabit a relatively strong position in society. The reality is decidedly more complex. On the one hand, traditional cultural norms and customs have often put women in control of their lives. There has been a long practice of matrilineal inheritance and control of land by women. From the 1950s onwards, as new reforms commoditized land, land ownership became a key asset for women (Pain and Deki 2004). This custom suggests that Bhutanese traditional values support equality between women and men, which is also a component of the practice of Buddhism. Bhutanese matrimonial practices also give both women and men the right to initiative divorce. Furthermore, in parts of Bhutan, women historically practiced polyandry. These dimensions of power suggest women have significant agency within the domestic sphere.
On the other hand, other traditional customs contribute to the disempowerment of women. For example, Bomena, or night-hunting, is a practice that translates as 'going towards the girl'. In this old rural custom, boys would secretly enter a girl's home at night to engage in sex without prior consent as a way to find a partner and get married (Penjore 2019). This custom has led to the sexual exploitation of girls, particularly by government officials or urban visitors who used their status to deceive young girls with a false promise of marriage. In 2006 the National Commission for Women and Children (NCWC) described "socially sanctioned forms of violence and abuse such as 'Night Hunting' as rape". Gender-based violence remains a reality for many urban and rural Bhutanese women and girls, where 44.6% have experienced one or more forms of partner violence during their lifetime (National Commission for Women and Children 2019).
The domestic sphere is also characterized by traditional practices that see women take on a double burden or second shift. This is unpaid labour where women take responsibility for all domestic work including child raising, cooking, cleaning, and caring for elders. Women complete 2.5 times more unpaid care work than men, which as a share of GDP is 11% (National Commission for Women and Children 2019). With less time and flexibility than men, it becomes difficult for women to pursue further education or seek work promotions.
A similarly mixed situation exists in the public sphere. Bhutan's 2008 constitution, which enshrined the current democratic constitutional monarchy, provides a framework for gender equality. NCWC was also set up by the Bhutanese government as an autonomous agency to take the lead in promoting and protecting the rights of women and children. NCWC advocates for gender responsive policies, leads gender awareness and sensitization, and strengthens the capacity for gender mainstreaming in CSOs and government institutions. NCWC also led the creation of the recent National Gender Policy 2019 and the Domestic Violence Prevention Act 2013. Yet there remains a long way to go in the public sphere. This is particularly clear with respect to equal representation in government roles that influence policies and action, where women are vastly under-represented as elected officials and within executive positions within the civil service (Royal Civil Service Commission 2018). In this context, civil society organization are increasingly stepping forward to advocate for women and girls. Organizations like Respect, Educate, Nurture, and Empower Women (RENEW) and Bhutan Association of Women Entrepreneurs (BAOWE) advocate for the end of gender-based violence and support women experiencing abuse, and build economic opportunities for women respectively.
The issue of gender inequality in Bhutan is therefore mixed: positive aspects within both the domestic and public spheres are paralleled by ongoing issues of inequality. Where does GNH fit within this mixed situation? Does GNH effectively address gender inequality in Bhutan and, if so, how? Gender is not explicit within the 9 domains of GNH or the 33 indicators that make up the GNH Index (although GNH Index data can be disaggregated by gender). Past research argues, however, that at least in theory, elements of gender analysis infuse the GNH domains and their indicators (adapted from Verma & Ura 2017):
In terms of practical application, an example of the integration of gender into GNH can be found in the 12th Five Year Plan (FYP) for 2018-2023. The Plan outlines the requirement of mainstreaming gender into the policies, plans and programs of all government agencies, and further infuses gender across all of the 9 GNH domains through the establishment of gender equality as a National Key Result Area for the entire Plan (GNH Commission 2018). This planning tool therefore guides the implementation of development plans from the national to the local levels towards achieving the 9 GNH domains through a gender lens. Gender has therefore been institutionalized within GNH with respect to how government works over the life of the 12th FYP.
In this context of an overall GNH strategy and policy tools that are connected to gender, is there evidence that GNH is an engine for promoting gender equality within the mixed gender context previously described? How is GNH, Bhutan's gender infused development disruption that is now institutionalized in governance, doing overall? GNH has driven some notable achievements. Primary education provides a good example. Bhutan has made a dramatic improvement in primary school enrolment where the enrollment of girls now equals that of boys (Seden and Maxwell 2016). Higher secondary schools and tertiary education institutions lag the progress at the primary level but significant gains have been made there as well.
While the GNH driven advances in education have helped drive a degree of improvement for girls, a broader exploration of development indicators reveals a gender picture that remains challenging. According to the 2020 Global Gender Gap Report, Bhutan ranks only 131 out of 153 countries when measuring the gap between females and males in economic participation, educational attainment, political empowerment and health and survival (World Economic Forum 2020). Significantly, Bhutan is ranked lower in 2020 than the previous year. Bhutan's own GNH Survey, a national survey undertaken every five years based on the 9 domains of the GNH index, continues this theme. The most recent survey illustrates women do poorer than men across all nine GNH domains (Centre for Bhutan Studies & GNH Research 2017). One of the two greatest gaps between women and men is in the good governance domain. Women are significantly less satisfied than men not only related to their political participation and fundamental rights, but with the responsiveness of government services and performance.
So what is going on here? Bhutan's GNH governance model which, at least in some cases, is directly infused with gender equality elements, does not appear to be further advancing more equitable development outcomes across genders. Governance itself is doing particularly poorly. The disruption, now institutionalized in Bhutan's governance, is not fulfilling its disruptive potential. The gap between women and men remains significant. Why?
Much gender work in the development sector focuses on institutionalizing gender-sensitive values, attitudes and approaches. Gender mainstreaming, gender analysis frameworks and other gender tools are employed to address underlying values on gender and institutionalize practices that place gender equality at the centre of development work. In this context, promoting change at the level of values can be particularly challenging. Overtly patriarchal societies are characterized by oppositional values that often lead both men and women to define subordinate positions for women as the norm (for examples from South Asia, see Habiba et al. 2016; Rawat 2014; Sultana 2010). The gender situation in the domestic and public spheres described earlier underscores that, while not as overt as elsewhere, the situation in Bhutan is complex. At the same time, the explicit infusion of gender elements into aspects of Bhutan's GNH governance model demonstrates the existence of a value foundation that is open to pursuing gender equality. Indeed, our work at the Bhutan Canada Foundation provides some insight into this complex situation. Our work on incorporating gender into public sector training for more gender-responsive public services illustrated an intriguing situation: both women and men often assume that an amenable value foundation is in place that supports the gender elements of Bhutan's GNH approach, and that the existence of this value foundation is inevitably driving meaningful action on gender equality at the policy and planning levels. The disruption, because it is institutionalized in governance, is assumed to be working. In other words, the 12th Five Year Plan, for example, institutionalizes gender equality values and provisions within its GNH focus, so gender equality must be increasing as the plan is rolled out. Yet the data from the Global Gender Gap Report and the GNH Survey illustrate a significant gender gap remains and is indeed increasing, particularly in the area of governance.
Comments from several Bhutanese civil servants provide insight into this situation:
"We civil servants sometimes just assume our values are working, we forget to pay attention to how."
"Because GNH is from His Majesty, we assume its institutionalization without thinking more deeply about how to go about it."
"We have the 'hard infrastructure' for gender but forget about the importance of the 'soft infrastructure.' "
The notion of 'hard' and 'soft' infrastructure is a useful one. Values, or soft infrastructure, that promote gender equality are the foundation that drives an initial disruption. They form the basis for the subsequent creation of institutional processes and tools, or hard infrastructure, intended to drive gender equality outcomes through policies and programs. Yet the hard infrastructure only meaningfully works when the soft infrastructure is tended to and not simply assumed. A fairly recent study of gender mainstreaming implicitly makes this point. The title of the study itself is instructive: Everywhere/Nowhere – Gender Mainstreaming in Development Agencies (Tiessen 2007). According to the study, gender mainstreaming in development agencies is everywhere as it involves integration of gender throughout an organization's work – from programming to budgeting to policies. Gender values are fully integrated into the hard infrastructure. Yet gender is also nowhere as its pervasiveness throughout the hard infrastructure means its implementation is dispersed throughout an organization to everyone, potentially thinning it out to the point of disappearance. Effectively addressing gender inequality disappears "somewhere between principle and practice" (p 18). We may all adhere to the principles, or values, of gender equality and the processes for promoting it are institutionalized, but this can apparently give us license to forget about pursuing it intentionally and meaningfully. We simply assume effectiveness. As a result, gender is everywhere and nowhere at the same time. We're in cruise control. We've got the hard infrastructure but forget about regularly revisiting and tending to the soft infrastructure – the value foundation – that fuels the hard to meaningful action. We're 'doing' gender without being purposeful.
Disrupting the GNH & gender disruption
How to respond to this? Our work with Bhutanese counterparts demonstrates that the 'disruption' needs to be disrupted from time to time once it is institutionalized. We need to break through the complacency that may accompany the institutionalization and subsequent normalization of a disruption. Disrupting the disruption will direct us to regularly nurture the values that underlie the work to be done, and to engage in this nurturing on an ongoing basis. Doing so will lead to more purposeful and meaningful implementation of the hard infrastructure of programs, services and policies.
BCF, in partnership with the Royal Institute of Management (RIM), the tertiary education institution responsible for public sector education in Bhutan, pursued this approach to soft and hard infrastructure in a recent gender and governance project. Given the results of the most recent GNH Survey that demonstrate women face challenges that are greater than men when accessing or using public services, the project developed and delivers curriculum that increases the capacity of Bhutanese entering the civil service or already in the service to design and implement public services that are more responsive to the needs and circumstances of women. Through project activities involving curriculum research, consultation and design, the project identified and incorporated appropriate gender concepts and skills into curriculum delivered by RIM to both new and existing civil servants. In order to 'disrupt the disruption', curriculum design meant that this included not only incorporating gender tools, or hard infrastructure, but explicitly including curricular components that involve critical thinking and engagement at the level of values, or soft infrastructure. In this sense, emerging and existing civil servants will, through their training, explore and think more deeply about foundational values: what are GNH values? How might patriarchy continue to influence our work? How do GNH values reflect gender equality and respond to patriarchy? How can these GNH values direct my work as a civil servant towards meaningful gender action?
Exploring these questions as part of ongoing public sector training and using them as a foundation to (re)develop skills in a set of gender tools is a modest start to better ensuring that the 'disruption' of institutionalized gender and GNH governance does not slip into complacency. Repeatedly engaging with and critically thinking about the soft infrastructure of gender values in confluence with developing the hard infrastructure of gender tools and processes is central to ensure sustaining a meaningful disruption. An on-going and purposeful dialog and interplay between values and institutionalized governance processes that breaks through complacency is necessary. Ultimately, such disrupting of the original disruption will enable us to better implement the hard infrastructure of programs and policies that effectively contribute to greater and more sustainable gender equality.
Centre for Bhutan Studies & GNH Research. (2017). A Compass Towards a Just and Harmonious Society. 2015 GNH Survey Report. Thimphu: Centre for Bhutan Studies & GNH Research
Chamber, R. (1982). Rural Development: Putting the Last First. London: Longman.
Chuki, S. (2019). Being LGBT: Their status and rights in Bhutan. Australian Journal of Asian Law 20(1), 1-8.
Chuki, S. and Turner, M. (2017). Women and politics in democratic transitions: the case of Bhutan. Contemporary South Asia 25(2).
Cooke, B. and Kothari, U. (Eds.). (2001). Participation: The New Tyranny? London: Zed Books.
Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the Oppressed. New York: Herder and Herder.
GNH Commission. (2018). Twelfth Five Year Plan 2018-2023. Volumes I and II. Thimphu: GNH Commission.
Habiba, U., Rabia, A. and Ashfaq, A. (2016). From patriarchy to neopatriarchy: Experiences of women from Pakistan. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science 6(3).
Khan, N. (2015). Resistance against patriarchal hegemony: Kunzang Choden's The Circle of Karma. Labyrinth: An International Refereed Journal of Postmodern Studies 6(3), 27-34.
National Commission for Women and Children and Royal Government of Bhutan (2019). National Gender Equality Policy, 4.
Pain, A. and Pema, D. (2004). The matrilineal inheritance of land in Bhutan. Contemporary South Asia 13(4), 423.
Penjore, D. (2010). Bomena, a misunderstood culture: Contextualizing a traditional courtship custom practiced in the villages of Bhutan. Ajia Afurika Chiiki Kenkyū 10(1), 6-9.
Rawat, P.S. (2014). Patriarchal beliefs, women's empowerment, and general well-being. Vikalpa 39(2).
Royal Civil Service Commission. (2018). Civil Service Statistics. December 2018. Thimphu: RCSC.
Seden, Kinley & Maxwell, Tom. (2016). Gender and Education in Bhutan. Schuelka, Matthew J. and Maxwell, Tom (Eds.). Education in Bhutan: Culture, Schooling, and Gross National Happiness. (pp. 215-242). Singapore: Springer.
Sultana, A.M. (2010). Patriarchy and women's gender ideology: A socio-cultural perspective. Journal of Social Sciences 6(1): 123-126.
Tiessen, R. (2007). Everywhere/Nowhere – Gender Mainstreaming in Development Agencies. Bloomfield. CT: Kumarian Press.
Verma, R. and Ura, K. (2017). Gender differences in Gross National Happiness in Bhutan: Abridged analysis of the GNH Surveys. GNH: From Philosophy to Praxis – Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Gross National Happiness, 4-6 November 2015, Paro, Bhutan.
World Economic Forum. (2020). Global Gender Gap Report 2020. Geneva. World Economic Forum.
BCF's Think Piece series provides in-depth explorations of key issues related to development in Bhutan, written by both Canadian and Bhutanese authors. Longer and more in-depth than a blog but shorter than a journal article, each Think Piece is intended to generate thought and discussion. Please continue the conversation by leaving your own thoughts in response to an individual Think Piece in the comments section.
If you have a longer, more in-depth response to a Think Piece, please send it to us and we will consider posting it under your name. Longer responses can be sent to info@bhutancanada.org. Please include the phrase 'Think Piece response' in the subject line.
Posted in: Think Piece
Trans Bhutan Trail Reflections and Looking Forward to New Beginnings
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#4 Albert Pujols
on The Most Likable Baseball Players Of 2022
#6 Clayton Kershaw
on The Best Current MLB Pitchers
Who Will Win The 2023 World Series?
Aaron Hager
Who will win the 2023 World Series? On opening day of the 2023 MLB season, it's the only question baseball fans are asking. Every baseball year, thirty MLB franchises take to the diamond to decide the best team in baseball. To win a World Series title, a baseball team needs smooth pitching, strong hitting, sharp fielding, gritty baserunning chops, management guile, and good team chemistry. That's why only one team wins the World Series every year. So, who will win the World Series this year? Which baseball teams can win the 2023 pennant?
In 2023 Major League Baseball, the Houston Astros are in the mix to defend their World Series title, while their rival Seattle Mariners will give them a challenge just for the American League West, let alone the 2022 MLB pennant. In the National League, there are the up-and-coming Philadelphia Phillies trying to repeat last season's success and the Atlanta Braves who won it only a couple years ago. What about the Los Angeles Dodgers - can they get back on top?
Check out the odds for all the 2023 World Series contenders below, and vote for your championship baseball picks. Then keep checking back as the season goes along to see how quickly things the MLB playoff standings can change.
Photo: via Wikimedia
The Los Angeles Dodgers are a professional baseball team located in Los Angeles, California. The Dodgers are members of the National League West division of Major League Baseball. Established in 1883, the team originated in Brooklyn, New York, where it was known by a number of nicknames before becoming the Brooklyn Dodgers definitively by 1932. The team moved to Los Angeles before the 1958 season. They played their first four seasons in Los Angeles at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum before moving to their current home of Dodger Stadium, the third-oldest ballpark in Major League Baseball. The Dodgers have won six World Series titles and 21 National League pennants. Eight Cy Young Award ...more
Photo: Metaweb / CC-BY
The Houston Astros are an American professional baseball team located in Houston, Texas. The team is a member of the West Division of Major League Baseball's American League, having moved to the division in 2013 after spending their first 51 seasons in the National League. The Astros have played their home games at Minute Maid Park since 2000. The Astros were established as the Houston Colt .45s in 1962. The current name was adopted three years later when they moved into the Astrodome, the world's first domed sports stadium. The name reflects Houston's role as the center of the U.S. Space Program. The Astros have made one World Series appearance, in 2005 against the Chicago White Sox, in ...more
Location: Houston
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The Seattle Mariners are an American professional baseball team based in Seattle, Washington. The Mariners compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) West Division. The team joined the American League as an expansion team in 1977 playing their home games in the Kingdome. Since July 1999, the Mariners' home ballpark has been T-Mobile Park (formerly Safeco Field), located in the SoDo neighborhood of Seattle. The "Mariners" name originates from the prominence of marine culture in the city of Seattle. They are nicknamed the M's, a title featured in their primary logo from 1987 to 1992. They adopted their current team colors – navy blue, northwest green ...more
The Atlanta Braves are an American professional baseball franchise based in the Atlanta metropolitan area. The franchise competes in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member of the National League (NL) East division. The Braves played home games at Atlanta–Fulton County Stadium from 1966 to 1996, and Turner Field from 1997 to 2016. Since 2017, their home stadium has been SunTrust Park, located 10 miles (16 km) northwest of downtown Atlanta in Cumberland, Georgia. The Braves play spring training games at CoolToday Park in North Port, Florida.The "Braves" name, which was first used in 1912, originates from a term for a Native American warrior. They are nicknamed "the Bravos", and often ...more
The San Diego Padres are an American professional baseball team based in San Diego, California. The Padres compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the National League (NL) West division. Founded in 1969, the Padres have won two NL pennants — in 1984 and 1998, losing in the World Series both years. As of 2018, they have had 14 winning seasons in franchise history. The Padres are one of two Major League Baseball teams (the other being the Los Angeles Angels) in California to originate from that state; the Athletics were originally from Philadelphia (and moved to the state from Kansas City), and the Dodgers and Giants are originally from two New York City boroughs – Brooklyn ...more
The Minnesota Twins are a professional baseball team based in Minneapolis, Minnesota. They play in the Central Division of Major League Baseball's American League. The team is named after the Twin Cities area comprising Minneapolis and St. Paul. They played in Metropolitan Stadium from 1961 to 1981 and the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome from 1982 to 2009. They played their inaugural game at the newly completed Target Field on April 12, 2010. The team was founded in Washington, D.C. in 1901 as one of the eight original teams of the American League, named the Washington Senators or Washington Nationals. Although the Washington team endured long bouts of mediocrity, they had a period of ...more
Location: Minneapolis, Minnesota


Here is the month of June through my phone lenses/ Instagram. A colorful month as you probably noticed and predicted. The Summery colors are too beautiful not to be captured and probably what's next is even more color crazy :) You can find out by following me Here!


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By Holly Bieler
Updated on 21. Sep. 2020
Oat milk has exploded in popularity in recent months. But is this latest plant-based milk craze worth the hype? Find out just how healthy oat milk is below.
What You Should Know About Oat Milk
How Healthy Is Oat Milk?
Shopping and Preparation Tips
What to Make With Oat Milk
Oat milk...
...contains no lactose, gluten, nuts or soy.
Oat milk is free of many common allergens, including lactose, gluten, nuts and soy.
...contains beta-glucans.
Studies suggest this soluble fiber could have a range of health benefits, from supporting cardiovascular health to lowering cholesterol.
...is rich in fiber.
One cup of oat milk contains 2 g of fiber.
...is a good source of numerous vitamins and minerals.
Oat milk contains considerable amounts of calcium, phosphorus, vitamin B12, vitamin A and vitamin D, among other nutrients.
...is higher in calories than other plant milks.
In general, oat milk is on the higher end of the fat and calorie spectrum when it comes to plant-based milks. One glass contains 120 calories and 5 grams of fat, considerably more than most almond and soy milks.
...can contain added sugar.
As oat milk has become more popular so have sweetened and big-chain varieties. Make sure to read the ingredients to make sure there are no hidden sugar and calories in your oat milk before buying it.
From almond to soy to coconut, it seems like there's always a plant-based milk of the moment, and right now it's definitely oat milk. Oat milk begins as a mixture of crushed oats and water, which is tightly strained to yield the oat milk. Oat milk is characterized by its creamy texture, which devotees say is more similar to milk than other plant-based varieties. However that creamy texture also means more calories and fat than most other milk substitutes like soy milk and almond milk.
Oat milk was first developed at Sweden's Lund University in the 1990s by scientist Rickard Öste, as he was researching ways to produce more sustainable milk alternatives.
Oat milk has a creamy texture similar to cow's milk, with a oat-y flavor that's generally more sweet than other plant-based milks.
Oat milk has an array of health benefits. It's rich in fiber, containing 2 g per cup, as well as beta-glucans, a soluble fiber that studies show could have a range of health benefits, from supporting cardiovascular health to lowering cholesterol. It's also a good source of a variety of vitamins and minerals including calcium, and phosphorus, which helps support tooth and bone health, vitamin B12 for boosting energy and vitamin A and vitamin D for healthy skin and vision. What's more, oat milk is free of many common allergens, including lactose, gluten, nuts and soy.
On the downside, oat milk is higher in calories than many other plant milks. One cup contains 120 calories, while a cup of almond milk generally only contains 30-60.
OAT MILK NUTRITIONAL INFO (1 cup)
Some oat milks can contain added sugar, even if they're not flavored. It's best to check the ingredients of your oat milk before purchasing-- if sugar is within the first five ingredients, choose another brand.
Oat milk is incredibly easy to make at home! Simply combine oats, water, and your preferred flavorings such as vanilla or cinnamon, and blend it until the mixture is pulverized. Next, pour the mixture into a cheese-cloth mounted above a bowl, and strain the mixture to yield the milk. Refrigerate for a few hours for consistency to set and you have fresh, delicious oat milk.
While oat milk is most popular with coffee or tea, it makes a great cooking ingredient as well. In fact, oat milk has quickly become a cult-favorite alternative milk for bakers, thanks to its unique consistency so similar to the creaminess of cow's milk, and its mild, oat-y flavor. Oat milk also has a naturally sweeter flavor than many other alternative milks.
Oat milk is also great in savory dishes. As in baking, oat milk adds a creamy texture that can replicate the consistency of cow's milk in dishes from vegan mac and cheese to creamy vegetarian soups. Just make sure to purchase unsweetened, unflavored oat milk.
Associated with this topic: Drinks | Holly Bieler | Oat Milk
What's the Healthiest Nut Milk?
Which nut milks are actually healthy? Find out below.
Almond Milk: Purely Plant-Based Beverage
EAT SMARTER will give you all the facts you need to know about almond milk.
Soy milk nutritional info, health benefits and exclusive recipes.
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class AddGenreToQuestions < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.0]
  def change
    add_column :questions, :genre, :string
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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The plot, as you probably guessed, the story about the hard life of an ordinary rabbit. The share of players fell short, but eventful episode – gray creature of whatever was to get to their burrows, breaking the 18 locations (forests, glades, ice caves), stuffed with disabilities.
Bright and unusually cheerful graphics – the first thing that catches your eye. The second circumstance finally brings the game into the category of children, and even nursery: our ward, it seems, a staunch pacifist, because the fights with opposing characters simply are not provided. Running and jumping, jumping and running – all you need to win.
management is reduced to five keys (anyone can use a mouse or joystick), and bouncing right here – the cornerstone and foundation bases. The direction of flight can be specified directly in the air, in addition, pressing the appropriate button increases the distance of the jump. Only this artful science flutter on the area and you need to master in RRiT.
Passage, as befits a decent arcade which is linear. However, sometimes a path forks, offering a choice between a relatively safe, but the infamous stroll through the lower tiers, and a magnificent gallop of "on tops" which laid out a delicious bonus, though that is where the most daring and greedy rabbits are often rolled up his neck (or more precisely, to frustrated divide all parts hang high above the ground).
Despite the appearance "for children aged three to five", the game begins to show its teeth are already in the third or fourth level. Grow spikes from the ground, there are hard-headed "bad guys", and an insidious way of turning into a set of islands, moving platforms, and other surprises, all of which makes the calculated trajectory literally millimeter. For the most nervous player additionally screwed timer. Make no mistake, you are sure to come running to the finish line a second after the expiry of the allotted time.
However, the authors fit of generosity on the two concessions, if not out of the game, you can resume jogging in place of death, and yet, which is especially nice, quite often come across "waypoints", so the desire to smash the monitor does not occur immediately, but after a while.


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There's more to the RMC grounds than you'd expect
With the sun shining brightly, I set off with photographer Sean McEvoy to explore the grounds of the Royal Military College (RMC) in Kingston. Having visited before, I knew that this was really two trips in one. The first trip was taking us to the site of the Royal Naval Dockyard, significant for its role in the War of 1812, while the second trip, on exactly the same grounds, allowed us to drink in the architecture of RMC.
During the War of 1812, land and naval forces clashed over a huge territory, stretching as far south as the Mississippi Valley, but the outcome of the war was decided on and around the Great Lakes. British forces realized that they needed warships to compete with the ships being built by the Americans at Sackets Harbor naval base. Point Frederick in Kingston, which had been a British naval base since the 1790s, became the new site of a large naval dockyard. This is where the HMS St. Lawrence was launched in 1814. It was the Royal Navy's first warship to be launched and operated entirely in fresh water.
Today, the site of the dockyard on the eastern shore of Point Frederick is marked by an information board. As we looked across the peaceful bay to Fort Henry, we had to remember that this stone fortress didn't exist in 1812. Instead, Point Henry was fortified with a wooden fort. That was the original Fort Henry – built to protect the new Royal Naval Dockyard. A brochure about the dockyard and the War of 1812 is available at Panet House near the information board. You can use it to do a walking tour that focuses on the role of the peninsula during the War of 1812. It helps you imagine that bustling period, when 1,600 naval personnel were based here, accompanied by roughly 1,200 casual labourers.
From Panet House, we had a wonderful view of the Mackenzie Building, the original administration centre for the Royal Military College. This iconic building with a magnificent clock tower was completed in 1878, but the college quickly outgrew it and plans were set in motion for a two-phase project: first, to build a new larger edifice, the Currie Building, adjacent to it; and second, to demolish the Mackenzie Building. However, before the demolition could take place, the college ran into a funding problem and had to leave the Mackenzie Building in place. As Sean snapped pictures and I admired the architecture, we were grateful for that funding shortfall.
No matter which direction we looked, we were captivated by the attractive limestone buildings. Just to the east of the Mackenzie Building, we noticed the Stone Frigate, which we learned was the oldest building at RMC. Completed in 1821, it originally served as a storage facility for naval equipment, ships and rigging, but was converted for use by the college in time for the arrival of the first cadets in 1876.
Crossing over to the west side of the peninsula, we passed a hive of construction activity, as workers busied themselves restoring an old limestone wall. Due to the construction, there were few parking spots for visitors, but that hadn't been an issue for us because we had walked onto Point Frederick. There was plenty to see even though Fort Frederick on the south end of the peninsula was closed for restoration work.
On the west side, more information boards jogged our minds back to the War of 1812. Sean and I read about the failed attempt of the American forces to capture Britain's largest ship on the Great Lakes, the Royal George. The British ship, pursued by seven American ships, raced to safety along the western shores of Point Frederick where land defences were strong. At that time, the well-protected waterway and shoreline was a refuge; today, the same spot is a different sort of refuge: a quiet place to enjoy a walk and soak in the local history.
Photographs by Sean McEvoy
Written By: Helen Cutts, KAM Visitor in Residence
dockyard, Fort Frederick, Fort Henry, History, kingston ontario, limestone buildings, Point Frederick, RMC, Royal Military College, royal navy, War of 1812


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Speaking about Kanye West the other day and about how I feel about his passion for his work , I would like to speak about some other people that I appreciate and admire for their work ethic and dedication as well.
Club Bahnhof Ehrenfeld , a venue that welcomed guests such as Mayer Hawthorne, Bilal, Dwele, Robert Glasper, Tony Touch, Jessie Boykins, Theophilus London,M.O.P … list goes on..
In April 2013 they started a new concept called " The Love Episodes". The concept of this event is rather the concept of a prepared session than that of a regular concert. They have an amazingly talented backing band who prepares a number of neo-soul standards and perform these with artists that get invited. That can be artists such as Dwele or upcomming artists such as Kaleem Taylor from the UK or the talented Nora from Nely & Nora . The songs are cover versions and / or free interpretations. The idea behind this is that the artists perform these songs they choose with the band and the band plays for the artist if he or she has their own songs and wants to perform them. Each event has its own theme like " Love and Dedication " for this time. It also has elements of Def Jam Poetry Slam, which i love . All in all an amazing concept, very intimate show, so much love and passion involved in this.
As a Booking Agent You get to work with tons of clubs and meet a lot of people who work behind the scenes. I got so much love for all of my clients all over the world from Belgium over Sweden to Paris . But it is always special to be at home. In Cologne.And these guys from Club Bahnhof Ehrenfeld make everyone feel so special and so welcomed . Every single event they do is on point and it is really rare to see people that put so much love into details and keep good music alive. People that are willing to break boundaries and spread nothing but Love.


Teen drivers are new to the road and, therefore, inherently lack the experience that allows seasoned drivers to react appropriately and quickly to situations that arise while driving. In fact, the risk of motor vehicle crashes is highest amongst 16- to 19-year-olds, who are three times more likely to be involved in a deadly crash than those who are 20 or older. Understanding what makes teen drivers so susceptible to motor vehicle accidents is the first step in taking the proper precautions to avoid them.
Distracted driving: For young drivers, distraction is often a key factor in crashes. One of the biggest culprits is, not surprisingly, cell phones. Teenage drivers often make phone calls, text, browse the web, and use apps while driving, removing their attention from the road for lengths of time that put them at great risk for a disastrous accident. Sending a single text requires drivers to take their eyes off the road for about 4.6 seconds, which means that at 55 miles an hour, one could drive the length of a football field while looking down at a phone. Of course, using a cell phone is not the only distraction. Other distractions include eating and drinking, adjusting the radio, being distracted by surroundings, or simply zoning out. Unfortunately, any one of these distractions can hinder a driver's ability to act quickly or scan the road effectively.
Speeding: This dangerous habit is risky for drivers of any age, but especially hazardous for inexperienced drivers who are not yet able to judge speed or how long it might take to stop. Teenage drivers lack the developed reflexes of older drivers who are better adept at interpreting situations. The fact is that it takes time to improve this, so it is critical to obey posted speed limits or even driving a bit below the speed limit.
Unnecessary risks: Teenage drivers are also prone to taking unnecessary risks such as speeding through yellow lights, failing to check their blind spots, not using turn signals, driving under the influence, and driving while distracted. With reaction times that are slower than that of an experienced driver, these unnecessary risks can become even more deadly.
Not wearing a seat belt: Despite the fact that cars today are equipped with incredible safety features, none of them are a substitute for wearing a seat belt, including air bags. Wearing a seat belt can help either eliminate injuries from occurring or reduce the severity of them. In fact, whether or not a driver chooses to wear one can mean the difference between life and death, so drivers of all ages should buckle up.
Having other teen passengers: When teenagers get their driver's license, they want to drive their friends around and enjoy their newly acquired freedom. However, having other teen passengers can be very distracting and encourage more aggressive or reckless behavior. Having even one other teen passenger can increase the risk of being involved in a car accident.
Not keeping the proper distance: Teenage drivers are generally unable to estimate their ability to stop their cars in time, regardless if they are speeding or not. As such, it is important for them to maintain a safe amount of distance between their car and the car ahead of them. The faster they are traveling, the more space is necessary to allow them to stop in time, without causing an accident.
Fatigued driving: Teenagers need a lot of rest, more than most adults. Their packed schedules often do not allow their body and mind to get the rest they need, which can lead to drowsy driving. Driving while tired or fatigued is essentially another form of impaired driving, resulting in slower reaction times, decreased awareness, and ultimately more accidents. Teen drivers who feel tired should allow someone else to drive if they are experiencing difficulty staying awake. If someone else cannot drive, it is best to pull safely to the side of the road to rest before continuing to drive.
Not driving the right car: Not all teen drivers have a choice in what kind of car they drive. That said, if they do, it is best to choose one that has the latest safety features and a solid crash record. Safety features are not a substitute for safe driving practices, but they can make life a little easier and help young drivers on the road. Try to avoid choosing a powerful, high-performance car, since these are often easy to lose control of, especially for new drivers.
If you have teenage drivers in your household, help encourage good driving habits by setting a proper example for them. If they see you practice safe driving habits, they will be more inclined to follow suit, which can help save not only their lives, but the lives of others on the road.
If you or a loved one was injured in a motor vehicle accident caused by another person's negligent or reckless actions, you have a right to pursue fair and just compensation. At Fieger Law, our track record speaks for itself. Our dedicated team has one countless multi-million dollar verdicts and settlements on behalf of our clients. We refuse to back down or settle for less than what you need.
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Essex gets something of a rough ride in the media. From the Sharon's and Tracey's dancing around their handbags in white stilettos during the 80s, right up to the The Only Way is Essex foolishness of today, it's easy to see how this happens. However, Essex is a huge county and to tar everybody with the same brush is plainly ridiculous.
Tucked away on Moores Place, Café Amoore (do you see what they did there?) is something of a gem right in the heart of Brentwood. Serving up excellent food and fantastic, freshly ground coffee, Café Amoore has quickly found a place in many of the locals' hearts.
Quiet enough to be able to work on a laptop or enjoy a good book whilst supping a latte; it's also busy enough to provide a gentle buzz of atmosphere too. The staff are exceptionally friendly and welcoming, yet they aren't overly pushy and you can enjoy your coffee here the way you should – relaxed and at peace with the world.
Dada Café in Epping has, like so many other independent coffee shops across the land, seen an influx of big brand coffee houses enter into its midst recently. However, owner Adrian Muica knows that his idea of a coffee shop brings something to the party that the big boys can't compete with – the personal touch. Customer service is exemplary here in this fabulous example of all that is good about independent traders.
Regulars are greeted with a cheery smile and many of them are on first name terms with the staff here, making it feel more like a home from home rather than a business purely out to take your money. Although the chains of branded coffee shops may continue to spread on to every high street, independents that do it right, like Dada, will undoubtedly remain simply because they do it better.
This family run coffee shop could quite easily be set in the heart of uber trendy Shoreditch such is its perfect boutique style. Dandelion opened its doors back in February 2012, and husband and wife team, John and Mel, do a fantastic job of serving the highest quality coffee alongside delicious foodstuffs that will probably have you overindulging whenever you visit.
In addition to the great food and drink on offer, Dandelion also has a little craft section where you can pick up some handmade delights that you would struggle to find anywhere else. From beautiful greetings cards through to candles and diffusers that make unique gifts, these additions certainly add to the boutique style and somehow give the whole space a more homely feel. Dandelion is a thoroughly recommended coffee shop for anyone who is fortunate enough to live in or around the picturesque village of Stock.
With so many major chains taking up our High Streets, making them increasingly homogenised, it's fabulous to see that the independents still have something to offer. Whether, you want to sit and catch up with a friend or work your way towards the Holy Grail of 'Inbox Zero' on your laptop, coffee shops are the places to be. So, next time you're in need of liquid refreshment, make sure you try out your High Street's independent traders; you might just be pleasantly surprised.
© 2019 London's Hidden Secrets. All rights reserved.


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60 racism reports to website in four weeks
Sean Noone
August 12 2013 02:33 PM
A NEW online racism reporting system has logged 60 reports in just four weeks.
iReport.ie was launched less than a month ago by ENAR Ireland, but has already seen reports of racism flooding in.
According to director of ENAR Ireland Shane O'Curry, these reports of racism are more frequent than the anti-racism group has recorded before.
They are also more frequent than the reports to An Garda Siochana, which recorded just 19 incidents in the first three months of the year.
"The reports show that migrants and minority ethnic groups, including Travellers, are being subjected to worrying levels of racism and discrimination," Mr O'Curry said.
"People are reporting all kinds of racism, from subtle forms of discrimination to concerted social exclusion, from shouting and name calling in the street to intimidation, spitting, sexual harassment and organised violent assault with weapons.
"We can see this anti-racist sentiment reflected in the fact that almost half of the reports were logged by witnesses, a majority of whom were unrelated to the people targeted," he added.
Some 49pc of the reports were made by witnesses and third parties, with 68pc of these reporters having no relation to the target of racism, according to ENAR.
Mr O'Curry also noted that these cases are being perpetrated by a minority and that the majority of the public in Ireland reject racism.
Other findings from the first four weeks include:
* In 46pc of the incidents recorded, women and girls were the targets of racism.
* 25pc of the incidents recorded racism against people who are black.
* In 20pc of the incidents recorded, children under 14 were targets.
* 89pc of the reports recorded interpersonal, rather than institutional, racism.
hnews@herald.ie


The Profession of Physical Therapy has grown from very humble beginnings in Nigeria to its present enviable status. A lot of historical documents and papers on the evolution of the Physical Therapy Profession in Nigeria have been written and presented by various authors and interested parties (1, 2, 3,). Like every great profession, our history is replete with great men and woman who have achieved greatness as leaders of this noble profession. They are great pioneers and giants in their own rights.
Most of these great men and women are still with us today, one of them in particular left an indelible mark in my memory. I am talking about Chief Christopher C. Ajao, the former Chief Physiotherapist in the old Oyo State and later the Oyo State Commissioner for Health. We shall always remember him with fond memories. I shall never forget the day I went to him when he was the Chief Physiotherapist and requested to transfer my services from the old Ondo State to Oyo State because of my post-graduate Studies at the University of Ibadan, Oyo State. I was in the process of prostrating to him to show my respect, as is the custom of the Yorubas when you meet an elder. He immediately restrained me and said: 'we are professional colleagues now and I have the greatest respect for you as a good professional'. He beamed joyously: 'welcome to the achievers' pool of the Oyo State Physiotherapists!' He immediately set in motion all that was needed for my work relocation. Such was his humility and respect for professional integrity.
Fortunately, most of the founding fathers who are great and dogged fighters on behalf of the profession that are still with us are many and include, Chief (Dr) Thompson Abayomi Oshin, Pa Joshua Obiri, Emeritus Professor Vincent Babatunde Nwuga, Professor G. I. Ordia, Chief Mrs. S. A. Ajao and many others. We proudly and respectfully say: Thank you for what you have done for the Profession of Physical Therapy in Nigeria.
Aside from the founding fathers, we now have a whole army of highly competent achievers and distinguished Intellectuals and academics as listed on the website of the Nigeria Physiotherapy Network (4). These include Professor Joseph A. Balogun, Professor and Dean, College of Health Sciences, CSU, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Prof Chukuka Enwemeka, Professor and Dean, College of Health Sciences, UW, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; Prof Dele Amosu, Professor and Director, School of Health & Rehab Sciences, UCT, South Africa; Prof Akinniran Oladehin, Professor & Chair, Dept of PT, MSU, Springfield, MO, USA; Prof Isaac Owoeye, Professor and Former Head, Dept of Physiotherapy, CMUL, Lagos, Nigeria; Professor Arinola, Sanya, Prof and Former Head of Physiotherapy, COMUI, Ibadan, Nigeria; Prof Mathew O Olaogun Professor and Former Provost, College of Health Sciences, OAU, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Dr. Oladeinde Kehinde Abereoje, a business mogul in Private Physical Therapy Practice, Brooklyn, USA; Colonel Pascal Mogbo Rtd, Former Director of Professions Allied to Medicine, Nigerian Army Medical Corp, Bonny Camp, Lagos, Nigeria; Dr. ST Eke-Okoro, former Head of Physiotherapy Dept, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Prof A Onuoha, former Head of Dept, Physiotherapy, Bayero University, Kano; Nigeria; Prof Godwin Eni, who recently (2009) received an award in Toronto Canada, as one of the top 75 Canadian immigrants who have made some difference in Canada; and last but not the least, my humble self, Prof. Victor A. Obajuluwa, Professor and Academic Coordinator of Clinical Education, Physical Therapist Assistant Program, Ivy Tech, Northwest Indiana, USA.
The Free Dictionary by Farlex quoting from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition copyright ©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company (5) describes the word 'Strategic' as: a. Important or essential in relation to a plan of action and as: b. highly important to an intended objective: The free online dictionary (6) describes giving as: bestowing without receiving a return; to confer without compensation; to impart, as a possession; to grant, as authority or permission; to yield up or allow.
I went to this length to unravel the true meaning of 'giving' and 'strategic' in order to avail ourselves of the real objectives and plan of action this convention must pursue. These will clearly highlight and accentuate the utmost importance of why we are gathered here in this historic convention.
What then must be the plan of Action and what must be the intended objectives?
Getting organized for the intended purpose of achieving the number one objective as outlined above.
Strategic planning for future expansion and inclusion criteria of the Ife Physical Therapy Alumni Organization for the purpose of achieving the number one objective as outlined above.
Planning for future mergers to create a central organization that could unite all Physical Therapy Alumni of all Universities and PT training institutions in Nigeria for achieving the intended objective of number one above.
What must be the Plan of Action to achieving the objectives outline above?
Creating ways and means of attenuating the intellectual and professional depletion of the pool of highly qualified Nigerian Physical Therapy Professionals migrating abroad at an alarming rate. It is popularly called 'brain drain'.
Creating other fund-raising activities (aside from endowment) and publicizing to create awareness, side by side with building and instilling confidence in the integrity of management of funds collected for the purpose of number one under plan of action through complete transparency.
What is an endowment fund? Joanne Fritz (7) described an endowment fund as a restricted fund. Only the interest from such funds can be spent, and not the principal that anchors the endowment. Sometimes, only portions of the interest are spent on an annual basis in order to make sure that the original principal will grow over time. In most cases financial and money managers are employed to oversee and manage the funds. Such funds could be invested in bonds, stocks, shares and other holdings.
The stability of the funds that could be in perpetuity.
Another is that it could help to diversify sources of income to reduce dependency on unstable sources.
An endowment could be very comforting for donors because it represents a gift from them that will keep on giving even after their demise.
One major disadvantage is that of a Nigerian environmental culture of graft and fraud where there could be allegations of fraud and corruption. Complete transparency in the management of funds will go a long way to reducing suspicion.
Give a name to the Endowment. Catchy philosophical names are important for attracting donors.
Create a website where you can explain the thrust and philosophy of your fundraising activities.
How much can you individually afford annually?
Start modestly and build up. Endowments are long-term projects.
Establish a board to set up rules and guidelines for the management of funds.
Work closely with your accountants and attorneys to make sure you are in compliance with state rules and regulations guiding establishment of endowment funds.
Members of Faculty or Academia in Diaspora should try to obtain sabbatical leaves to go back to Nigeria to teach periodically in Nigerian Universities.
Faculty or Academia willing to try number 2 above should be psychologically and financially supported through a token grant from the endowment fund as a form of appreciation.
Complete transparency in the management of funds by seeking the help of professional fund managers.
In conclusion, I pledge to do all I can to support the noble objectives of the Ife Physical Therapy Alumni Convention if and when called upon to do so. I pray that the Almighty and Omnipotent Father of Grace support and guide you in your gracious and compassionate mission of giving.
Those who give shall receive… Malachi 3: 10, 11: Holy Bible (8) which states: 'Give and it shall be given unto you; good measure, pressed down, and shaken together, and running over, shall men give into your bosom. For with the same measure that ye mete withal shall it be measured to you again'.
It is well with our souls.
Oke, Kayode (Friday, Nov. 6, 2010): Nigeria Society of Physiotherapy strikes gold. Sun News, Lagos, Nigeria.
Nwuga, VCB (1986) History of Physiotherapy in Nigeria in a paper presentation at the Nigeria Society of Physiotherapy Conference.
Vincent Nweke Chinonso, National President (2010): Nigerian Association of Physiotherapy Students (NAPS) History of Physiotherapy in Nigeria: web online resource: The Nigeria Society of Physiotherapy this year (2009) is celebrating 50 years of Physiotherapy training and Practice in Nigeria.
Nigeria Physiotherapy Network (2010): Emmanuel B. John, PT, B.Sc., PhD, Executive Editor, Nigeria Physiotherapy Network, Department of Physical Therapy, Howard University, College of Pharmacy, Nursing & Allied Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA. An online resource of the Nigeria Physiotherapy Network.
Malachi 3:10, 11,: The Holy Bible (KJV): Give and it shall be given unto you; good measure, pressed down, and shaken together, and running over, shall men give into your bosom. For with the same measure that ye mete withal shall it be measured to you again.


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July 4, 2014 Parade Order of the March
The LMS Band will be among the musical attractions of the annual Fourth of July Parade scheduled for tomorrow at 10 a.m. Sections of city streets will be closed, and closed to parking, in advance of the parade including: Lincoln Avenue, Park Street, Otis Drive, Grand Street, Encinal Avenue, Central Avenue and Webster Street. An estimated 20,000 spectators will view the parade, and the Ralph Appezzato Charity Event foot race at 9 a.m. along its more than three-mile route. For all the details see the order of march below and the official event program pdfs in this week's web edition.
Not Just Another Day at Crown Beach
Perfect weather greeted those who visited Robert Crown Memorial State Beach to see plots of sand evolve into showpieces at the annual Alameda Sand Castle and Sand Sculpture Contest Saturday, June 7.
Time to Get Your Wiggle On
The most important fundraiser of the year for the Friends of the Alameda Animal Shelter can also be a ton of fun for dogowners and their pets. The third annual Wiggle Waggle Walk is set for this Sunday, June 8, from noon to 3 p.m. at the Harbor Bay Ferry Terminal on Bay Farm Island.
Scramblin' for Eggs
The Easter Bunny brought smiles and delight to last Saturday's Egg Scramble at Crown Beach. The cutest among the "scramblers" were the ankle biters in the "just learning to walk" category, like these children looking for any goodies that the Easter Bunny just might have left behind.
Cooper-Nash Nuptials
Nancy McPeak and Mike Cooper are happy to announce the marriage of Emily McPeak Cooper and Kyle Stephen Nash on August 27, 2021 at the Redwood Grove, U C Berkeley Botanical Gardens. Officiating the ceremony was Hannah Cooper Lea, the Bride's sister. The couple resides in Alameda.
2022: Kick Start the New Year with Music and Art at Rhythmix
Rhythmix Cultural Works is gearing up with an exciting new season for 2022, bringing you art, culture, community and music in a mix of online, in-person and outdoor offerings. Kicking off the new year on Jan.
Cambra Appointed to Open Government Commission
The Alameda City Council unanimously approved Councilmember Trish Spencer's representative, Jeff Cambra, to the City's Open Government Commission (OGC) at its last meeting of the year.
Cambra, a 35-year Alameda resident, served on the OGC as its chair from 2013-2014.
10 ways to celebrate New Year's Eve with kids
Here's a list of some fun ways to ring in the New Year as a family.
1) Toast to the new year with a tasty mocktail. Create a signature cocktail and mocktail for the kids. Give it a long and important sounding name and drink it in your fanciest glassware to toast the new year.