text:
Air America, anciennement Civil Air Transport ou CAT, était une compagnie aérienne américaine de transport de passagers et de fret secrètement détenue et exploitée par le gouvernement des États-Unis de 1950 à 1976. Elle était utilisée comme société écran pour les opérations de la CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) en Indochine. La CIA n'avait pas assez de ressources humaines pour gérer la societé, et le Conseil de sécurité nationale US en a confié la gestion courante à diverses entités gouvernementales, comprenant l'US Air Force, l'US Army, l'Agence des États-Unis pour le développement international et même la France pendant un bref moment.

Air America fut secrètement utilisée pour mener des opérations militaires, dans des zones où les forces armées américaines ne pouvaient pas se rendre en raison des restrictions imposées par les traités contenues dans les Accords de Genève de 1954 et 1962, sous couvert d'être un transporteur aérien civil.

Le nom Air America fut ressuscité au milieu des années 1980 et utilisé par une compagnie de transport aérien régulier basée à Los Angeles qui exploitait des avions de ligne Lockheed L-1011 TriStar avec des vols desservant Baltimore (BWI), Detroit (DTW), Honolulu (HNL), Londres (LGW) et Los Angeles (LAX). Cette version d'Air America, auparavant exploitée sous le nom de Total Air.

Origines

Lorsque Mao Zedong commença à menacer les forces du Kuomintang, après la fin de la seconde guerre sino-japonaise, le général américain Claire Lee Chennault, créateur des Tigres volants, retourna en Chine pour y fonder en 1946, avec Whiting Willauer, le Civil Air Transport, une compagnie aérienne d'apparence commerciale. Les pilotes du CAT avaient pour mission d'assurer la logistique de l'armée de Chine nationaliste soutenue par les États-Unis et accessoirement de ravitailler les communautés prises dans la tourmente de la guerre civile chinoise. Après la victoire du Parti communiste chinois en 1949, le CAT suivit son employeur, le général Tchang Kaï-chek, et l'armée nationaliste en fuite, à Taïwan. Il devint un acteur important du transport aérien en Asie du Sud Est.

En , la CIA, sous la direction du Conseil de sécurité nationale, créa une société du Delaware, nommée Airdale. Airdale forma une filiale : CAT Inc, qui racheta 40% des actifs de Civil Air Transport. Soixante pour cent des parts restèrent détenues par des investisseurs chinois. CAT Inc créa également Asiatic Aeronautical Company Ltd, une société de la république de Chine. En 1957, Airdale prit le nom de Pacific Corporation. Avec la poussée des communistes en Indochine française au milieu des années 1950, les États-Unis décidèrent de s'engager plus massivement en Asie du Sud Est et la CIA chercha une compagnie aérienne susceptible d'effectuer discrètement des transports pour son propre compte. Chennault, qui avait alors des difficultés financières offrit ses services, peu avant sa mort en 1958. D'abord filiale, le nom de « Air America » remplaça définitivement celui de « CAT » après avoir réglé les objections d'Air France en 1959. Le Civil Air Transport continua d'exister tout au long du mandat d'Air America de 1950 à 1976 et fut pendant plusieurs années la compagnie nationale de la république nationaliste de Chine. Elle perdra toutefois ce statut après un accident lors de l'atterrissage de l'un de ses avions. China Airlines prendra sa place et Civil Air Transport deviendra ensuite une compagnie de billetterie principalement utilisée pour les voyages interentreprises.

La compagnie
Le slogan d'Air America était « N'importe quoi, n'importe où, n'importe quand, professionnellement ». Les avions employés par la compagnie ont acheminé de nombreux types de fret vers des pays tels que la république du Vietnam, le royaume du Laos et le Cambodge. Ils opéraient à partir de bases situées dans ces pays, en Thaïlande et même depuis Taiwan et le Japon. Il y eut également des missions top secrètes organisées en Birmanie ainsi qu'en république populaire de Chine.

Le siège d'Air America déménagea à plusieurs adresses au cours de son existence, notamment au 808 17th St NW (1964), au 801 World Center Bldg (fin 1964), au 815 Connecticut Ave NW (juillet 1968) et au 1725 K Street NW (1972), toutes situés à Washington D.C. La principale base de maintenance continentale se trouvait à Pinal Airpark, à Marana, en Arizona.

Boun Oum Airways
Boun Oum Airways, ou BOA, était une compagnie aérienne laotienne appartenant au Prince Boun Oum. Après 1965, BOA utilisa des appareils prêtés par Continental Air Services Inc (CASI). Les avions de la BOA ne portaient ni logo ni titre et leurs pilotes thaïlandais furent intégrés à la CASI début 1967.

La CIA a créé la BOA en 1964 en utilisant les ressources d'Air America et de Bird & Son, une autre société écran. BOA appartenait apparemment au prince Boun Oum du Laos et avait été créée dans l'intention de mener des missions au Laos avec des équipages asiatiques (par opposition aux équipages de race blanche d'Air America) prétendument pour leur déni plausible. BOA était basée à Savannakhet, au Laos. En raison de son taux de perte élevé d'aéronefs, BOA fut entièrement intégrée à la CASI au milieu de 1967 et cessa -officiellement- d'exister.

Opérations durant la Guerre du Vietnam
Au début des années 1960, aucune force militaire américaine n'étant autorisée à opérer depuis le Laos, la CIA utilisa des pilotes d'Air America pour transporter et ravitailler les troupes irrégulières anticommunistes laotiennes ainsi que les Special Forces en missions clandestines (dites «Black Ops» ou «Covert Ops») et effectuer des missions de sauvetage en . De 1959 à 1962, la compagnie aérienne fournit un soutien direct et indirect aux forces spéciales américaines "Ambidextrous", "Hotfoot" et "White Star", qui entraînaient les forces armées royales régulières laotiennes.

En 1966, dans le cadre du , les États-Unis fourniront clandestinement de nombreux formateurs pour les techniciens des Forces Aériennes Royales du Laos, ainsi que des observateurs aériens avancés (Raven Forward Air Controllers) pour guider les opérations aériennes tactiques.

De 1962 à 1975, Air America a inséré et extrait du personnel américain, fourni un soutien logistique à l'armée royale lao, à l'armée Hmong sous le commandement du général major de l'armée royale lao, Vang Pao, et aux forces combattantes thaïlandaises volontaires, au transport de réfugiés et à des missions de reconnaissance photographique qui fournissaient des renseignements sur les activités du FNL. Des engins portant des marques civiles étaient fréquemment utilisés, sous le contrôle de la Seventh/Thirteenth Air Force, permettant de lancer des missions de recherche et de sauvetage pour les pilotes américains abattus dans toute l'Asie du Sud-Est. Les pilotes d'Air America étaient les seuls employés privés américains connus à exploiter des avions militaires non certifiés par la Federal Aviation Administration dans le cadre de missions de combat. C'est durant cette période, le 12 janvier 1968, que deux employés d'Air America, Ted Moore et Glenn Woods, qui étaient aux commandes d'un hélicoptère UH-1D de la société, remportèrent la première victoire aérienne d'un hélicoptère contre un avion : celle-ci fut remportée quand deux Antonov An-2 de la Force aérienne populaire vietnamienne, alors en mission de bombardement sur une station radar américaine, furent abattus au-dessus du Laos par Woods à l'aide d'un fusil d'assaut AK-47. Une équipe de terrain de la CIA qui parviendra jusqu'aux épaves confirmera ces deux victoires. La base américaine tombera quelque temps après lors de la bataille de Lima Site 85.

Au milieu des années 1970, la compagnie aérienne comptait deux douzaines d'avions de transport bimoteurs, une autre douzaine d'avions à décollage et atterrissage courts et 30 hélicoptères dédiés aux opérations en Birmanie, au Cambodge, en Thaïlande et au Laos. On comptait plus de 300 pilotes, copilotes, mécaniciens de vol et spécialistes du fret aérien qui étaient basés dans ces pays. En 1970, Air America a livré 21 000 tonnes de nourriture au Laos et le temps de vol des hélicoptères a même atteint plus de 4 000 heures par mois.

Air America transporta des civils, des diplomates, des espions, des réfugiés, des commandos, des équipes de sabotage, des médecins, des blessés de guerre, des agents de la DEA et même des personnalités de marque comme Richard Nixon, et ce dans toute l'Asie du Sud-Est. Une partie des opérations de soutien de la CIA au Laos, par exemple, impliquait un soutien logistique aux tribus locales combattant les forces nord-vietnamiennes et le Pathet Lao.  Des politiques d'urbanisation forcées, comme l'application généralisée de l'Agent Orange sur les terres vietnamiennes, ayant perturbé la production alimentaire locale, des milliers de tonnes de denrées alimentaires ont donc été acheminées par avion, notamment des poulets vivants, des porcs, des buffles d'eau et des bovins. En plus des largages de nourriture (appelés « rice drops »), les exigences logistiques pour la guerre elle-même furent prises en compte, et les pilotes d'Air America effectuèrent des milliers de vols de transport et de largages de munitions et d'armes afin de ravitailler les alliés des États-Unis.

Lorsque l'armée nord-vietnamienne envahit le sud du Vietnam en 1975, des hélicoptères d'Air America participèrent à l'opération Frequent Wind, évacuant à la fois des civils américains et des ressortissants sud-vietnamiens associés au régime de Saigon. La célèbre photo illustrant la dernière évacuation du photographe néerlandais, Hubert van Es, était un hélicoptère d'Air America évacuant des personnes dans un immeuble du 22 Gia Long St, utilisé par les employés de l'USAID et de la CIA.

Trafic de drogue
Les avions d'Air America transportaient de la drogue pendant la guerre secrète de la CIA au Laos, bien qu'il y ait un débat sur la question de savoir si Air America et la CIA étaient activement impliqués ou permettaient simplement à d'autres tiers de transporter de la drogue. Au cours de cette guerre, la CIA a utilisé la population Meo (Hmong) pour combattre les rebelles du Pathet Lao. À cause de la guerre ces derniers, les Hmong dépendaient de la culture du pavot qui était leur revenu principal. La Plaine des Jarres avait été capturée par les rebelles en 1964, ce qui empêchait l'armée de l'air laotienne de débarquer leurs C-47 dans la plaine pour effectuer le transport de l'opium. L'aviation laotienne n'avait pratiquement aucun avion léger pouvant atterrir sur les pistes en terre battue près des champs de pavot situés près des montagnes. N'ayant aucun moyen de transporter leur opium, les Hmong étaient confrontés à une situation économique des plus compromettantes. Air America était la seule compagnie aérienne disponible dans le nord du Laos. "Selon plusieurs sources non prouvées, Air America aurait commencé à expédier de l'opium depuis des villages de montagne situés au nord et à l'est de la plaine des Jarres jusqu'au siège du général Vang Pao à Long Tieng."

Air America aurait profité du transport de l'opium et de l'héroïne pour le compte du dirigeant hmong Vang Pao, ou "fermé les yeux" sur l'armée laotienne qui elle en aurait profité. Cette allégation a été appuyée par Anthony Poshepny (alias Tony Poe), ancien paramilitaire de la CIA au Laos, d'anciens pilotes d'Air America et d'autres personnes impliquées dans la guerre. C'est ce qui est décrit dans le film Air America. Cependant, l'historien William M. Leary de l'Université de Géorgie, écrivant pour le compte d'Air America, affirme que les employés de la compagnie aérienne n'étaient pas activement impliqués et que la compagnie aérienne ne tirait aucun bénéfice du transport de drogues. Curtis Peebles nie l'allégation, citant comme preuve l'étude de M. Leary, aujourd'hui décédé.

L'historien Alfred W. McCoy a déclaré que :

Après la guerre
Après s'être retiré du Sud-Vietnam en 1975, il y eut une tentative de maintenir la présence d'une entreprise en Thaïlande. Air America fut ensuite dissoute le . Air Asia, la société qui détenait tous les actifs d'Air America, a ensuite été rachetée par Evergreen International Airlines. Toutes les recettes, soit entre 20 et 25 millions de dollars, ont été reversées au Trésor américain. Les employés ont été congédiés sans cérémonie, sans éloge ni avantages, même pour ceux qui souffraient d'une invalidité de longue durée ou qui furent tués au combat.

De rares compensations furent versées par les assurances, notamment pour des causes d'accidents du travail, dont peu de gens avaient connaissance. Ces avantages et autres compensations ne furent pas accordées facilement. En vertu de la loi fédérale ("Federal Longshoremen's Act"), de nombreux pilotes handicapés ont finalement été indemnisés après de longues batailles contre les bureaucrates de la CIA qui ont nié leur lien avec la compagnie aérienne pendant des années. Beaucoup sont morts de leurs blessures avant de pouvoir être indemnisés de manière adéquate. Les rapports d'accidents auraient été falsifiés, rédigés et cloués au mur par des responsables de la CIA qui ont continué de nier tout lien avec les événements décrits dans ces documents.

Air Asia
Air Asia était une filiale détenue à 100 % d'Air America qui fournissait des services techniques, de gestion et d'équipement au Civil Air Transport de Formosa. La compagnie avait son siège à Taipei et ses principales installations étaient à Tainan, à Taiwan. Il est maintenant situé dans l'aéroport de Tainan. Il s'agit de la seule compagnie de la Pacific Corporation à avoir survécu, mais elle appartient actuellement à la Taiwan Aerospace Corporation et n'a plus aucun lien avec la CIA.

Flotte
Au cours de son existence, Air America a exploité une flotte diversifiée d'aéronefs, dont la plupart étaient capables d'effectuer des décollages et atterrissages courts (ADAC, ou STOL en Anglais). Il y avait une certaine "fluidité" des avions entre certaines compagnies comme Air America, Boun Oum Airways, Continental Air Services Inc et la l'US Air Force. Il n'était pas rare que des unités de l'US Air Force et de l'aviation de l'armée américaine prêtent des avions à Air America pour des missions spécifiques. Air America avait tendance à immatriculer ses avions à Taiwan. Ils ont opéré au Laos sans le préfixe de nationalité B. Les avions militaires américains étaient souvent utilisés avec les "trois derniers" chiffres du numéro de série militaire comme marquage civil. Les deux premiers transports d'Air America sont arrivés à Vientiane (Laos) le . Les activités d'Air America à Udon Thani (Thaïlande) ont été fermées le . L'autorité d'exploitation d'Air America fut annulée par l'ACR le .

Avions

 Beechcraft 18 (ancienne désignation militaire C-45 Expediter) et Volpar Beech 18

 Beechcraft Baron
 Boeing 727-92C
 Consolidated PBY-5A Catalina
 Curtiss C-46
 de Havilland DH.89A Dragon Rapide
 de Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver
 de Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou
 de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter 300
 Dornier Do28 Skyservant
 Douglas B-26 Invader
 Douglas C-47
 Douglas DC-4
 Douglas DC-6A/B
 Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcar
 Fairchild C-123B And K Provider
  et Super Courier

 Lockheed L.1049H Constellation
 Lockheed C-130A/E Hercules
 Pilatus PC-6 Porter et Turbo-Porter  et version Fairchild Hiller
 Piper Apache

Hélicoptères

 Bell 47
 Bell 204B
 Bell 205
 Bell UH-1 Iroquois
 Boeing-Vertol CH-47C Chinook
 Hughes 500D
 Hughes OH-6A Cayuse
 Sikorsky S-55/H-19
 Sikorsky S-58T
 Sikorsky CH-54 Skycrane
 Sikorsky H-34

Dans les médias
Air America est un film américain avec Mel Gibson et Robert Downey Jr. réalisé par Roger Spottiswoode en 1990.
Air America est une série télévisée américaine créée par Philip De Guere Jr, diffusée en 1998 et 1999.
 Il semble que la China Air Transport et Air America aient inspirés la compagnie Black Hawk Line, présente dans les bandes-dessinées du même nom parues entre 1990 et 1994.
 Une série de bande-dessinées nommée Air America est prévue chez Zéphyr Éditions. Le premier des deux tomes paraîtra début .

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Allen Lawrence Pope, pilote du CAT devenu célèbre à la suite d'une mission durant laquelle il fut capturé.
 Claire Lee Chennault, fondateur du Civil Air Transport.

Bibliographie
 Christopher Robbins, Air America, traduction française aux Éditions Albin Michel, 1996
 Frédéric Lert, Les ailes de la CIA, Histoire & Collection, 1998
  Terry Love, Wings of Air America, Schiffer Military, 1998

Liens externes
  Dossier sur Special forces Roll Of Honour
  The CIA's Airlines: Logistic Air Support of the War in Laos 1954 to 1975
 www.souvenir francais-issy.com : Mcgovern et Buford deux pilotes américains du CAT abattus au-dessus de Dien Bien Phu ; par le général Ichac

Compagnie aérienne américaine disparue
Guerre du Viêt Nam
Opération soutenue par la CIA
Entreprise fondée en 1950
Entreprise disparue en 1976


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Inside the Coney Island 'Freak Show'
Why Were Early-20th-Century Americans So Enthralled by Human Zoos?
by Claire Prentice | December 19, 2014
A day trip to Coney Island, once the largest amusement park in the United States, led me to the photograph. In the black-and-white image, a group of tribesmen, women, and children squats around a campfire. They're barefoot and dressed in G-strings and tribal blankets. Several are looking at the camera and laughing. One man is pointing. Another is holding up a rock, as if he is about to throw it.
The photo could have been torn straight from the pages of an ethnological journal, except for one detail: a group of men in suits and derby hats stand watching from behind a low wooden fence.
Who were these tribespeople? Why had they been brought to America? What had become of them? That chance discovery turned into a full-blown obsession that took over more than three years of my life. There was something about the faces of the men, women, and children in the photograph, and their vitality, which drew me in. I couldn't stop thinking about them. The idea that human beings had been exhibited a few miles from downtown Manhattan horrified and fascinated me; I needed to know more.
I discovered that in 1905 an American showman named Truman Hunt persuaded 50 members of the Bontoc Igorrote tribe to leave their homes in the far north of the Philippines and travel with him to America. He took them to Coney Island and instructed them to put on a "tribal show." In return, he promised to pay them $15 each a month.
The Igorrotes, as they were known, became the hit of the summer season. They were written about in newspapers coast to coast, and inspired poems, newspaper cartoons, children's puzzles, and advertising jingles selling everything from soap to cooking oil. They were visited by millions of ordinary Americans, along with famous singers and actors, anthropologists, and even President Theodore Roosevelt's daughter, Alice.
In newspaper reports, the Igorrotes were portrayed as either guileless innocents or vicious savages. The press wrote at length about the Igorrotes' lack of clothes and described the tribe's views on sexuality, notably the fact that they customarily had sexual relations before marriage and treated pre-marital pregnancy as a blessing rather than a disgrace. Elsewhere the tribespeople were invoked in articles about hard work and the simple life versus the complexities of modern living.
The Igorrotes weren't the only people brought from distant lands to join the curiosities at Coney Island's "freak show" in 1905. There were Eskimos, Somalis, and Irish farmers, too. But the Filipinos were by far the most popular, perhaps because of their perceived exoticism. The tribespeople's bodies were covered in tattoos; they ate dog; and at home in the Philippines, they hunted the heads of their enemies.
At Coney Island, the tribe's customs were distorted and shorn of meaning. In the Philippines, they ate dog on special occasions like weddings and funerals. But the dog feasts were so popular with the Coney crowds that their manager, Hunt, brought the tribespeople dogs from the New York City pound to eat every day. Hunt instructed the Igorrotes to build a head hunters' watch tower inside their mock tribal village and took every opportunity to tell reporters about this particular bloodthirsty aspect of their customs.
Though exhibiting people in this manner seems abhorrent to us today, human zoos were nothing new in 1905. Nor were they an exclusively American phenomenon. For more than 400 years, "exotic" humans from faraway territories had been paraded in front of royal courts and wealthy patrons and at world's fairs and expositions in England, the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Germany, and Japan. Human zoos reached their peak in popularity during the age of imperialism as governments sought to gain popular support for their expansionist policies, and the public flocked to see their country's new subjects up close. Far from being shameful hole-in-the-wall entertainment, people took their families to see human zoos, much as they would go to the movies today. In early-20th-century America, people were addicted to novelty and sensation, which provided a welcome escape from the daily grind.
Not only were the Igorrotes put on display at Coney Island to entertain people, they were also used to push the argument that America had a duty to protect, educate, and civilize "innocents" like them. Later, when the Igorrotes' manager became embroiled in a national scandal, they were used to argue that America had no place in the Philippines at all.
The Igorrotes made Hunt a fortune in the summer of 1905, but the showman was spending the money as fast as they could earn it. Word reached the U.S. government that Hunt was mistreating the Igorrotes and withholding their wages. Fearing a scandal at a time when America's presence in the Philippines was drawing criticism both abroad and at home, the government sent an agent to investigate. Hunt received a tip-off that the man was coming and took the tribespeople on the run, pursued by creditors, ex-wives, and Pinkerton detectives in addition to the government agent.
What surprised and intrigued me as I pieced this story together from declassified government documents, private and official correspondence, vital records, court transcripts, and thousands of newspaper articles, was that, 100 years after they first thrilled and scandalized America, the Igorrotes had been forgotten. They had simply disappeared from the public consciousness.
Why had America forgotten them? After thinking long and hard about this and discussing it with a wide range of people—scholars and anthropologists, Americans and Filipinos, including people descended from the Igorrotes—I believe there are two main reasons. First, popular culture is by nature ephemeral, and the Igorrotes were replaced by the next sensation. Second, the exhibition of these men, women, and children came to be seen as a shameful episode in U.S. history.
Human zoos fell out of fashion by the 1930s, replaced by other forms of entertainment like cinema and television. By the end of the World War II, classifying and displaying human beings as "civilized" or "primitive" was seen as a toxic form of ethnocentrism.
We no longer visit amusement parks and fairs today to ogle people who are different from us—though a knowing 21st-century version of the freak show still exists at Coney Island. But reality television continues to parade a stream of people deemed "freakish," or "exotic" before fascinated audiences across the globe. The medium may have changed, and many people might not admit to watching these programs, but the human desire to look at people they see as "different" remains deeply ingrained.
More than a century after their show at Coney Island, a mere glimpse of the Igorrotes in a photograph charmed me. But their story is profoundly disturbing; lured to America to make a better life, they were widely betrayed—by their manager, by the U.S. government, and by the very society that fell in love with them. It is a story that makes us question who is civilized and who is savage.
Claire Prentice is an award-winning journalist and the author of The Lost Tribe of Coney Island: Headhunters, Luna Park, and the Man Who Pulled Off the Spectacle of the Century. To see photos and read more about Truman Hunt and the Igorrotes, visit claireprentice.org.
She wrote this for What It Means to Be American, a national conversation hosted by the Smithsonian and Zocalo Public Square.
Buy the Book: Skylight, Amazon, Powell's.
Primary Editor: Becca MacLaren. Secondary Editor: Jia-Rui Cook.
*Photo courtesy of the Library of Congress.
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The worst thing about any given day for me is the lack of sunlight. Sunlight is the one thing in life I appreciate more than breathing. Yes, I know that to finish that sentence I had to breathe in order to let my brains function so I could make that remark. When the sun shines I feel I can recharge bit. When I encounter sunlight, I find energy (even on cold Winter days).
When I took this picture I was at a shopping mall preparing to go home. It was getting late and I wanted to go home and have something to eat. Fatigue was affecting my energy levels. These days there is a cold front with a freezing Easter wind hitting Europe. In Amsterdam some canals have frozen solid.
Cold weather, especially proper Winter conditions make you realise one thing in particular: you need energy to stay warm. A few days ago I had to go through the city on a moped for some deliveries. Every time I came back I craved a hot cup of green tea. At the end of the day I ate a bit more, waited until I felt good enough and went home in the cold. It is not fun to face the cold on an empty (or semi-empty) stomach.
Something I learnt when I was new and had my first job in Amsterdam was to always have a small snack as a back-up. Sometimes even the friendliest and best paying employers skipped meals and you had to work on an empty stomach with only coffee or soft-drinks in-between. When working long shifts going home on an empty stomach was (and is) very unpleasant.
Energy-drinks and coffee have their limitations. As an experienced workaholic I value a good meal in-between more than the extra sugar and/or caffeine dose. Some people need their breakfast and some people skip breakfast while craving lunch. Either way you need your energy to keep going and stay focused.
A day has 24 hours. Whatever you have to do, without energy you cannot do a thing. I just had breakfast and I am going to need it today. That cold Easter wind.
Good morning! Finding energy is important.
Posted in Short Reads and tagged 2018, Amsterdam, breakfast, caffeine, coffee, cold, day, energy, fatigue, job, lunch, meal, people, shifts, snack, sugar, sunlight, winter on March 2, 2018 by rura88.


text:
From Basics to Fine Art
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Practical guideline to finding one's own vision and a set of rules for what makes a good B&W photograph.
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Long Exposure Photography And Composition
Extensive and detailed explanation on long exposure photography and composition techniques.
Outside of Ansel Adams' Basic Photo Series, From Basic to Fine Art, by Joel Tjintjelaar and Julia Anna Gospodarou, is the best book on B&W photography written in the last 40 years." (…) "The importance of the book is reached in Julia's and Joel's abilities to blend the practice of classical form and content in vision and technique, so that Form is Content. While others claim to have achieved this state of aesthetic grace, this is the first time I have seen it accomplished with great skill and with a brilliant explanation of how to get there. George DeWolfe
Photographer/Educator
If you're interested in black and white photography, the names Joel Tjintjelaar and Julia Anna Gospodarou will probably need no introduction. The work of both photographers has helped define, and push the boundaries of long exposure photography, a relatively new genre in the fine art world. Julia and Joel have joined forces to write a new ebook called From Basics to Fine Art: Black and White Photography – Architecture and Beyond. It is principally aimed at photographers interested in using long exposure techniques to photograph buildings, with some chapters being more general and having a wider appeal.(…) You have two photographers whose work I admire immensely explaining how they create their images, from their general philosophy to the specifics of long exposures and post-processing. If you're ever looked at their photos and wondered how they achieved the results they do then this ebook has the answers. It's a tremendous act of generosity and sharing. No one else seems to be doing this stuff yet, or at least doing it and teaching it, so that makes some of the content unique. If you're a fan of either of these authors, and want to learn the secrets behind their work, then it's a must buy." Andrew Gibson
Photographer & writer DPS (Digital Photography School)
If Barnbaum was the bible of Black and White…
…then Gospodarou (and Tjintjelaar) is the gospel!).
As Gospodarou and gospel share the same root, I am quite certain that for all black and white photographers at least, that this epic new publication will rest comfortably alongside the Bruce Barnbaum bible ('Art of Photography'). Barnbaum managed to straddle the old wet and analogue process of photography, and the new, digital age. He gave us an insight into the art of the process, whether A or D, and his ideas are still relevant today. Gospodarou and Tjintjelaar have finally given B&W photography a massive – not to say transcending – push into the digital age! Jack Torcello
From Basics To Fine Art is by far the most complete and well written book on photography that I have read in years. At over 400 pages, I would not say it is an easy read, but more of an educational one. There is no fluff here. It is the quintessential 'Start at the beginning and continue until you get to the end' type of book. Throughout I have made notes and essentially dog-eared pages I would want to go back and review. It is that enlightening! From Basics To Fine Art is a must read for anyone who is looking to make their way into the world of fine art. Yes it does focus on architectural fine art photography, but the core concepts transcend those areas and are really valid for any kind of photography. T. Michael Testi
Photographer/blogger
I also started shooting some architectural images. Again I struggled to produce the results I had envisaged prior to capture. It was at this point, around mid-2016, that I read a review on 'From Basics to Fine Art – Black & White Photography Architecture and Beyond', an e-book co-written by the renowned photographers Joel Tjintjelaar and Julia Anna Gospodarou. I bought the book and read it over and over. It proved to be a turning point in my photography journey.
Up to that point, my editing was loosely based around a workflow which catered for making mostly global adjustments to an image. In the book, both Joel and Julia Anna outlined the benefits of breaking an image down into a number of carefully selected areas. Once selected, those areas can be adjusted and the result blended into the overall image, typically using a gradient mask. That simple principle was the foundation for a completely new editing process for me. It is now central to everything I do in Photoshop. Jim Graham
In today's humankind ever-increasing urge for homogenization and uniformity, Joel and Julia stand out. Joel is the modern equivalent of what Ansel Adams did for black & white photography in the film era, always exploring new horizons, new techniques, and new frontiers to explore. Julia Anna, on the other hand, is the chimera of Imogen Cunningham and Vivian Maier, merging one of the sharpest eyes in the art world with the artistic flair to make every image canvas come alive. Dr. Charles Azzopardi
Oncologist and Fine art photographer
I've just spent the past 3 weeks, not just reading and learning about Black and White, Long Exposure Architectural Fine Art Photography, but feeling like I've shared an intimate conversation with it's authors. "From Basics to Fine Art" is an echo of both Joel and Julia's love for Architectural Photography, and it's a book that's far more than the pages it's written on. (…) " …to review this book would be like reviewing the Bible. An almost impossible task, due to the amount and depth of content to be covered." (…) "I can only do this with words, "It's a Masterpiece", for anyone that has any interest in shooting Black and White Long Exposure Architectural Fine Art Photography. This title simply has to be on your bookshelf. If you're just starting out, or already an expert in this field, again …. buy this book you will learn far more than you expect from it. I certainly did." (…) "To conclude …. Circa 1950, Ansel Adams first published a trilogy of photography books called, "The Camera, The Negative and The Print", widely accepted as the gospel in terms of producing and printing photographic images. I can't help but think that Joel and Julia have produced a volume that will have the same effect as Ansel's books did, and continue to do so to this day. Antony Northcutt
Fine art photographer, writer, educator


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Home / Family Tree / celebrities family / Amitabh Bachchan Family Tree, Wife, Son And Daughter In Laws Photos
Amitabh Bachchan Family Tree, Wife, Son And Daughter In Laws Photos
sultan Dec 27, 2016	Leave a comment
Amitabh Bachchan is one of the most successful actors present in Indian film industry. This versatile actor is recognized by his name and received titles as Shahenshah of Bollywood and Big B from his fans. He stepped into film industry through a block buster film Bhuvan Shome. He received positive reviews from fans for his first role and became popular in no time. After making his foots strong in film industry he had worked in numerous films but came into lime light after playing the lead role in super hit film Zanjeer in 1973. He has worked in numerous super hit films and received three civilian awards, Padma Shri, Padma Bhushan and Padma Vibhushan for her devotions. Apart from his film career, he is also a notable politician too. After reading this article you will come to know about the all time hit actor Amitabh Bachchan, about her family, wife, son and daughter in Law photos, which is mention below.
Amitabh Bachchan Family Member Name and Relation:
Father: Harivansh Rai Srivastava
Mother: Tejo Bachchan
Brother: Ajitabh Bachchan
Wife: Jaya Bachchan
Son: Abhishek Bachchan
Daughter in Law: Aishwarya Rai Bachchan
Amitabh Bachchan Family:
He was born into the house of a well known poet Harivansh Rai Srivastava. Her mother Tejo Bachchan was also a well known face in India, who had inspired him to become an actor. Amitabh Bachchan also has a younger brother Ajitabh Bachchan. He loves his family and considers them the reason behind his success.
Amitabh Bachchan Wife:
This versatile actor has tied the knot to a well known actress Jaya Bhaduri Bachchan. The couple has great love affection with each other and has two beloved kids along with each other. Jaya Bachchan is not only a good actress but also a good wife, who always stands with her husband in the hour of need.
Amitabh Bachchan Son:
He has two beloved kids including a son Abhishek Bachchan. Abhishek os also a well known actor, who is following the footsteps of his father in Indian film industry.
Amitabh Bachchan Daughter in Law:
His son has tied the knot to a well know actress and former model Aishwarya Rai. Aishwarya Rai also stands in the list of most successful as well as most beautiful actresses in Indian film industry.
Amitabh Bachchan Age:
He was born on 11th October in 1994 before independence of India. He is currently in his 74th year of age and going to celebrate his 75th birthday in 2017.
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Q: Magento upgrade problem Fatal error: Uncaught Error: Cannot instantiate interface I upgraded from Magento 2.3.4 to 2.4.0
And now I'm getting the following error when running the indexer.
Fatal error: Uncaught Error: Cannot instantiate interface Magento\InventoryCatalogApi\Api\DefaultStockProviderInterface in /app/lib/internal/Magento/Framework/ObjectManager/Factory/AbstractFactory.php:121

If I disable Magento_InventoryIndexer then the indexer works again but doesn't actually index.
Thanks

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Great Britain voting on a Brexit. Did data see it coming?
By Eugenio Salvati *
The new deal struck by British Prime Minister David Cameron in Europe on February 20th may have secured 'special status' and exemption from being drawn into an 'even closer union' (the institutional process which leads to major integration), but will it be enough to avoid a Brexit (Britain's exit from the European Union entirely)?
With the country set to go to the polls in a one-off referendum on June 23rd, we wondered, could data have seen the growing negativity towards EU membership by UK citizens?
It's fair to say relations between the UK and Europe haven't always been rosy. But as the referendum is a public vote, on the day, it's the opinions of the people that count. So how have feelings towards the EU changed over the years?
Let's take a look at data from the Eurobarometer statistical survey from the last 15 years.
Our first insight comes from the degree of attachment expressed by UK citizens to the EU, compared [1].
In the considered period it has always been negative, with a range of between 48% to 65% of the UK population declaring they feel not very attached, or not at all attached, to the EU. This data is particularly relevant if we take a look at what other European countries citizens said. Only 33% to 52% expressed a negative feeling towards Europe. In fact, in the above chart, UK citizens consistently felt 10-20% more negative towards the EU than European citizens have.
These negative feelings towards the EU may not be all bad though, they partly stem from a love of the UK, as much as any negativity towards Europe.
As we can appreciate above, there is a strong attachment of UK citizens to their country, and this feeling represents a huge obstacle towards strong identification with the EU.
This is contrasted by a 2006 survey (see the following figure), where EU citizens were asked if they ever considered themselves Europeans, rather than purely nationals of their country.
It's quite a striking comparison. 56% of other European citizens claimed they often felt 'European', while only 33% of UK citizens expressed the sentiment, showing a much weaker connection to Europe in the UK.
Another element that confirms the negative feelings of UK towards EU, is the data concerning trust in the European Parliament. The total negativity from respondents suggests two thirds of UK citizens don't have faith in the only directed elected institutions of the EU. This scepticism is a good representation of Britain's distrust in European institutions and in the way they are working.
These feelings, perceptions and negative considerations against EU could be defined as clear hostility. If we look at the data concerning the question: "If you were told tomorrow that the European Union had been scrapped, would you be sorry, indifferent or very relieved?". The answers reveal an overwhelming majority of UK citizens (74%) would be happy or indifferent about the end of the EU.
The general support for a scrapping of the EU is not simply an expression of the UK's bad feelings towards EU integration, but also comes from rational evaluation made by British citizens concerning the economic and political benefits of membership. According to the data, a striking majority of those questioned, believe there is nothing to be gained by the UK staying in the EU.
So, what will the UK decide?
Whatever the outcome on June 23rd, it will be the conclusion of a difficult relationship, a turning point in this tormented marriage… and with UK polls showing the population strongly divided, should the UK decide to remain an EU member, it's likely there will always be some degree of hostility.
The agreement signed by Cameron with the EU is a great political success, because it will guarantee the UK a great economic advantage, but according to the polls, it's hard to tell if it will be enough to keep the UK in the Union.
First of all, the Eurobarometer survey (see below) tells us less than a third of UK citizens believe EU membership is a good thing. While the last figure, polls (dated February 29th) reveal the "stay" position is around 37%, the "leave" is at 38% while the uncertain represent a 25% of the total. The high rate of uncertain electors represent great room for both sides to educate, and mobilise the electorate.
This makes forecasting a result incredibly difficult. Especially with such strong influential figures supporting either side.
An eventual UK exit from the EU could represent a "big bang" for the fragile economic and political situation of Europe, possibly putting a stop to the weak economic recovery of the Eurozone, and a loss of credibility for a Union that would lose one of its most important members. But even for the UK there will be problems with a EU exit. The UK would no longer be a part of one of the richest economic areas in the world, and will lose the advantage of free trade.
Inward investment may slow in the medium and long term, due to uncertainty of the consequences of a Brexit. In particular there could be some repercussions for London as one of the biggest financial centres, due to the fact that it will no longer be seen as a gateway to the EU for the likes of US banks. According to policy experts, a British exit would diminish, rather than enhance, the country's standing in foreign affairs, reducing its influence.
As with any great unknown, the damage a Brexit could create are much more evident than the benefits. It's something the British Prime Minister is acutely aware of. But will it be something voters in the UK only come to realise when it is too late?
[1] For 2000 and 2004 the EU average data are not available. * Eugenio Salvati is Postdoc researcher at the department of Economics and Managment of the University of Pavia and teaching and research assistant at the Department of Political and Social Sciences of the University of Pavia. Eugenio is friendly Advisor at Statwolf for the topics related to social trends. Statwolf, is a leading data intelligence provider, that creates simple data visualisation solutions for businesses, academics and beyond.
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What do major agricultural forecasters say about the 2021/22 global grains and oilseeds season?
by Wandile Sihlobo | May 11, 2021 | Agricultural Production | 0 comments
The outlook for global agricultural conditions is once again in the spotlight this week as the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is scheduled to release its projections for the 2021/22 production season on May 12.
Another major global agricultural organisation, the International Grains Council (IGC), released its estimates last week and painted a generally optimistic view for key grains and oilseeds production for 2021/22.
Starting with maize, the IGC forecasts global production at 1,2 billion tonnes, which is up by 5% from the 2020/21 production season. This optimism is underpinned by expectations of a large crop in the US, Brazil, Argentina, Ukraine, China, EU and Russia. The reaction to the release of this data was generally muted.
Some market participants are currently more focused on the near-term issues affecting the crop, such as persistent dryness in Brazil, which negatively affects the country's 2020/21 second maize crop, also known as "safrinha". The 2021/22 maize crop will only be planted towards the end of the year across the Southern Hemisphere and is therefore not an immediate focus.
Another concern in the market is dryness in parts of the US and Canada, threatening and slowing the 2021/22 maize crop. Moreover, parts of the EU have also experienced delays in planting because of the cold spell. Nevertheless, the IGC maintains a reasonably positive view of maize production estimates of all the aforementioned countries, as they are evidently amongst those underpinning the expected 1,2 billion tonnes of maize in 2021/22, as we previously stated.
The one question that will remain on analysts' minds after the release of the USDA's data on Wednesday is whether the global maize stocks would recover after an anticipated improvement in production. How the market interprets this data in this respect could have an effect on global maize prices. These are currently at the highest levels since 2013, because of the dryness in parts of South America, combined with rising maize demand from China. So far, the IGC estimates global maize stocks at the end of 2021/22 to be the smallest in nine years, at 264 million tonnes (down 3% y/y), in part, due to rising global consumption.
Moving to wheat, the IGC forecasts a 2% y/y increase in 2021/22 production to a record 790 million tonnes. This is primarily attributed to better outlooks in Europe and North Africa, the US, Ukraine, China, UK, and India, amongst other countries. There are expectations of better yields compared to the 2020/21 season and an increase in area plantings. Unlike maize, the 2021/22 global wheat stocks could recover by 3% y/y, partly because of expected large global wheat production. While we are yet to see what the USDA will present, rising production and stocks would ideally lead to a softening in prices. This would be beneficial for importing countries such as South Africa.
The IGC forecasts a 6% increase in 2021/22 global soybeans production to a record 383 million tonnes. The current higher global prices are expected to incentivize farmers to lift plantings, and there are also expectations of better yields which would also boost the output. The major contributing countries to this IGC forecast are the US, Brazil, Argentina, India, Paraguay, Russia and Ukraine. For the Southern Hemisphere countries, we will only know if the optimism in plantings holds at the end of this year. At this stage, the focus is on the 2020/21 production season, which for Brazil is not looking well because of dryness, as we have already stated. Importantly, if everything were to go as the IGC estimates, the 2021/22 global soybeans stocks would recover by 8% y/y to 50 million tonnes. Such a recovery would have slight downward pressure on prices which have remained fairly elevated primarily because of strong Chinese demand.
Lastly, we consistently keep an eye on another important grain, mainly as South Africa imports all of its million tonnes annual consumption, i.e., rice. Here the 2021/22 production outlook is positive; the IGC forecasts a global crop of 509 million tonnes, which is up by 1% y/y. India, Vietnam, Thailand, Pakistan, Indonesia, Bangladesh and the Philippines are all amongst the key countries set to contribute positively to a large global rice harvest for the 2021/22 production season. The planting activity in many of these countries will only begin in June. Still, the weather conditions and soil moisture are reportedly good, which should support cultivation when the season commences.
An exogenous negative factor for key producing countries is the ongoing spread of Covid-19 infections as currently being witnessed in India. We continue to monitor if these could negatively impact farmers activities in the fields. Notably, the IGC forecasts a 25 y/y increase in 2021/22 global rise stocks to 176 million tonnes. Similar to wheat, a recovery in stocks would potentially add downward pressure on prices in the coming months, which is beneficial for importers like South Africa.
Ultimately, the initial production forecasts for the 2021/22 global grains and oilseeds production paint a slightly better picture than many had feared. If more on-the-ground evidence emerges to support these forecasts, then in the coming months, the global agricultural prices would potentially cool off from the current higher levels as illustrated by the FAO Global Grains Price Index.
We look forward to observing if the USDA's estimates will concur with the IGC's view or if there is material deviation. If they agree, then this would bring about some additional optimism in the market and the current spell of elevated commodity prices could be somewhat short-lived.


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Chapter in Strategic Asia 2006–07
South Korea's Embrace of Interdependence in Pursuit of Security
by	David C. Kang
This chapter analyzes the current and future impact of South Korea's growing trade and economic interdependence for ROK security and relations in Northeast Asia.
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South Korea's commitment over the past decade to a strategy of interdependence and engagement with North Korea constitutes a fundamental shift in South Korea's foreign policy strategy.
South Korea's economic development has depended upon significant engagement with the regional and global economies – an engagement that has increased during the past decade.
South Korea's priorities are regional, and the ROK is primarily concerned with national reconciliation with the DPRK. This preoccupation stands in contrast to the global concerns of the U.S., which sets policy in East Asia as an extension of U.S. national security policies.
The younger generation in South Korea is increasingly influential in policymaking circles. Washington will benefit from recognizing and preparing to work with – rather than against – this emerging elite.
U.S. and ROK goals and policies toward the DPRK are likely to continue to diverge. China's clear preference for engagement with North Korea means that Washington faces a difficult choice: either continue following a restrained containment policy that risks achieving no progress on the peninsula or change directions to engage the North – a course that also appears unlikely.
South Korea's support for the U.S. operation in Iraq, cooperation on trade and other regional issues, and common values such as democracy and capitalism form the basis of the U.S.-ROK alliance. Perhaps most importantly, the successful creation of a U.S.-ROK Free Trade Agreement could both strengthen the alliance and the U.S. presence in Northeast Asia.
The Strategic Asia annual edited volume incorporates assessments of economic, political, and military trends and focuses on the strategies that drive policy in the region. Learn more about Strategic Asia.
South Korea's Embrace of Interdependence in Pursuit of Security


- the next 2 days, add the same amount of flour, water and buttermilk and leave jar on counter. NB: the buttermilk must be cultured buttermilk, that is it has to contain active bacteria, which will now be cultured on rye. Buttermilk that has been made by adding citrate to milk will not work. The water used should be filtered. At least my tap water contains enough chlorine to kill any starter.
- after 3 days, the starter should start to bubble; it can now be used for bread, or maintained. For maintaining the starter, remove half of the starter and replace with rye flour and water, and keep doing this for about a week. The starter can now be either stored in the fridge and fed once weekly, or kept on the counter and fed daily. Once in the fridge, it will take about a day for the starter to get active enough again to be used for baking.
- allow bread to rest for at least half a day. Store in paperbags or open plastic bags at room temperature.
I have sourdough starter that I want to start feeding with rye. Can you give an amount of starter for this bread, cups or ounces? The recipe just says "all" of the starter.


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Home Finance ETFs 101: A Beginner's Guide to ETFs
To ensure your present and long-term financial security, it's crucial to learn how to invest your money — whether it's in classic stocks or established cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin. But with so many investment types out there, it can be hard to find the right kind to include in your portfolio.
One investment type you should strongly consider investing in is exchange-traded funds (ETFs). These investment funds have become popular amongst those who have limited experience or knowledge in the stock market, as they allow investors to own a diversified set of securities, like bonds or stocks, without breaking the bank. To help you get started on investing with ETFs, we've come up with a short guide on what you need to know.
Also Read: Financing or Bootstrapping? Which Funding Option Is Right for Your Business?
Simply put, ETFs are a type of fund that involves a set of securities and tracks an underlying index. ETFs are listed on exchanges, and their shares are also traded during regular trading hours as with stocks. What separates ETFs from other investment types is that it allows investors to buy and sell a bunch of assets without having to buy the individual components.
So how do ETFs work? Companies that own underlying assets create funds to track their performance and then sell shares in that fund to anyone who's ready to invest. While ETFs are mainly crafted to track how an underlying asset or index performs, they can also be traded at market-determined prices. Shareholders of a company own a portion of an ETF, but the underlying assets are free from the shareholders' control. Those who choose to invest in ETFs get reinvestments or lump dividend payments for the type of security that make up the index.
Despite being traded on the stock exchange, ETFs can give you access to almost any kind of asset. For one, you can choose to invest in stock ETFs like the Vanguard Balanced ETF Portfolio (VBAL). This carries less risk compared to individual stocks as investors often choose it with long-term growth in mind. If you prefer something that can provide a steady inflow of cash, you can invest in bond ETFs, which generate regular cash payments as these don't have a maturity date. Some interesting bond ETFs here in Canada that you can put your money in is the BMO Aggregate Bond Index ETF (ZAG-T) and the iShares 105 Year Laddered Government Bond ETF.
Then, you have physically-backed ETFs, which replicate the performance of the index by physically holding the index constituents. Gold ETFs belong in this category, with SPDR Gold Shares (GLD) and VanEck Merk Gold ETF (OUNZ) being some of the most popular ones here in Canada. Physically backed ETFs provide the benefit of being able to access precious metals without having to deal with price markups, security risks, and storage costs associated with physically owning these kinds of assets.
All in all, choosing to invest in ETFs is a great way to diversify your portfolio and better manage your risk. And since you get the benefits of an asset without having to buy its components, ETFs don't require a lot of effort and cash to start investing. Another great thing about ETFs is their transparency, as the price activity for a particular ETF can be easily accessed on the internet. Moreover, the fund's holdings are revealed to the public every day, unlike in other investment vehicles like mutual funds, where holdings are disclosed every quarter.
Also Read: Stock Market Tips That Everyone Should Know
However, there are also a couple of drawbacks when it comes to investing in ETFs. For one, if you've chosen to invest in an ETF that isn't traded as frequently, it can be harder to sell and get a return for your investment. You also have to be picky when it comes to choosing an online broker, as some charge unreasonable commission fees for their services. There's also the risk of closure when a fund hasn't netted enough assets to make up for administrative costs — forcing investors to sell sooner than planned.
And as with any kind of investment, ETFs hold tax and trading risks — and it's your job to figure out how to play this to your advantage. It takes a lot of time and effort to study how ETFs work in the market, but learning how to properly invest in it can help you generate a sizable profit and secure your long-term finances.
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When a wine's founding force is none other than Andy Erickson (former Screaming Eagle winemaker), you can be sure that fruit will be sourced from some of the most coveted vineyards in California. Founded by Erickson in 2004, that's Leviathan's goal: draw from the best vineyards in Northern California to create one unique red wine. While the composition varies slightly, each year, a percentage of Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Merlot, and Cabernet Franc will be present. Leviathan is a singular, focused wine that showcases all the best characteristics of the vintage. Leviathan is a red wine created with a unique blend to reflect each new vintage.


Kuch Kuch Hota Hai (English: Something... Something Happens) also known as KKHH, is a 1998 Indian Hindi coming-of-age romantic comedy drama film, released in India and the United Kingdom on 16 October 1998. It was written and directed by Karan Johar, and starred the popular on-screen pair of Shah Rukh Khan and Kajol in their fourth film together. Rani Mukerji featured in a supporting role, while Salman Khan also had an extended-cameo appearance. Sana Saeed, who was featured in a supporting role, made her film debut in this movie.


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Dr. Michelle Bean lives in Santa Cruz, Ca with her trusted Westie sidekicks, Ginger and Lady Bean. She has a private practice in Chiropractic care, is involved in the local community in health and fitness, and enjoys downtime reading, walking on the beach, meditating, and exercising.
In 2003, while training for her black belt in mix martial arts, Dr. Bean sustained a hip injury. It was an interesting time because although she felt she was at peak performance and the healthiest she's ever been, after her first several chiropractic adjustments, Dr. Bean was amazed at how much more physicality and energy was available to her. The hip injury cleared up quickly but what she gained was a new perspective on health.
Dr Bean is a board-certified Chiropractor who graduated with honors from Life Chiropractic College West in 2006. Her speciality is in Upper Cervical Chiropractic where she studied during Chiropractic College. She completed 2 NUCCA focused associateships after graduation, one in Henderson, NV, and the other in San Francisco, CA.
Dr. Michelle Bean has become a leader in the Santa Cruz community in health, fitness, and education. She has practiced in 2 successful holistic health centers that integrate Chiropractic, Chinese Medicine, Nutritional Ketosis, fitness, and other modalities.
She also co-leads an outdoor fitness boot camp, has a black belt in mixed martial arts and loves to educate individuals on many aspects of health.
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text:
Q: How to select a text in a textView having a NSRange in Swift? I have a UITextView where I would like to select a part of the text. I'm trying to use selectedTextRange, unfortunately I get this error:

Cannot convert value of type 'NSRange' (aka '_NSRange') to expected
  argument type 'UITextRange'

This is the code I'm trying to use:
mainTextField.becomeFirstResponder()
mainTextField.selectedTextRange = mainTextField.textInRange(matchRange) // matchRange is a NSRange

The range I'm using is coming from a Regex which I adapted from this tutorial1:
EDIT: added the first line
if let regex =  NSRegularExpression(options: searchOptions){ // refers to an installed extension convenience init
let range = NSMakeRange(0, (mainTextField.text.characters.count))
let matches = regex.matchesInString(mainTextField.text, options: [], range: range)
[...]

A: You can add an extension on UITextView that will do the conversion.
    extension UITextView
    {
        func textRangeFromNSRange(range:NSRange) -> UITextRange?
        {
            let beginning = self.beginningOfDocument
            guard let start = self.positionFromPosition(beginning, offset: range.location), end = self.positionFromPosition(start, offset: range.length) else { return nil}

            return self.textRangeFromPosition(start, toPosition: end)
        }
    }

Use
    if let range = mainTextView.textRangeFromNSRange(range: matchRange){
        mainTextField.selectedTextRange = range
    }

Where matchRange is an NSRange and range is a UITextRange

A: Swift 4 updated version of @beyowulf's answer:
extension UITextView {

    func textRangeFromNSRange(range:NSRange) -> UITextRange? {
        let beginning = beginningOfDocument
        guard let start = position(from: beginning, offset: range.location), let end = position(from: start, offset: range.length) else { return nil }

        return textRange(from: start, to: end)
    }
}

A: Just to add a little more information, I found also an alternative way: instead of using selectedTextRange and doing the conversion, you can use selectedRange.
Note: matchRange is a NSRange
// this don't work because selectedTextRange requires an UITextRange
textField.selectedTextRange = textField.textInRange(matchRange) // don't work

// this works because selectedRange requires a NSRange
textField.selectedRange = matchRange // works


When the average American logs onto Amazon.com to make a purchase, rarely do they think about the company's supposed economic influence or control over the economy. Does Amazon carry an unfair advantage over its competition? And although it creates lower prices for shoppers, should its business model be regulated to curtail its economic influence? One voice which is causing a stir in this topic on antitrust is Lina Khan. Her work on the issue was recently discussed in an article in The New York Times (NYT) titled: Amazon's Antitrust Antagonist Has a Breakthrough Idea. Ms. Khan, as she is referred to throughout the NYT article, is a graduate of Yale Law School. There, she first became interested in the antitrust debate.
Historically, there are two schools of thought on antitrust laws. On one hand, some believe that the government should focus antitrust laws. They believe that this is in the best interest of the consumer (i.e. lower prices and better efficiency). On the other hand, there are those like Ms. Khan, who suggest that focusing only on lower prices for consumers is a "short-sighted view" of antitrust regulation. They believe that government should instead limit a corporation's economic power. I'll highlight Ms. Khan's argument for the latter view, and contrast that with my own opinion. Before we can delve into the debate, let's learn about Amazon.
Amazon is an online commerce company. Jeff Bezos founded it in 1994. Amazon sells products literally from A to Z (as the arrow in its logo suggests). Amazon employs more than 500,000 employees. It is a big company with over 170 billion dollars in revenue in 2017. They also offer some of the lowest prices in each of the product categories in which it competes. Many retailers do business on Amazon as well. Amazon uses its platform and influence to sell their own merchandise. Moreover, Amazon produces movies, TV shows, and consumer products such as the Kindle, Fire TV, and Echo. The company has evolved from an idea which began in someone's head to such a powerhouse. I believe that Amazon should be celebrated for the great American success story that it is.
What are some of Ms. Khan's objections?
The NYT article lists a number of Ms. Khan's reasons why Amazon's influence should be stymied. The main crux of her argument is that Amazon "undermines fair competition". It owns the platform that many of its competitors also depend on to do business, namely its online presence. Ms. Khan also argues that Amazon enjoys an unfair advantage from "its shipping and warehouse infrastructure". She goes on to argue that Amazon, therefore, is limiting innovation, product quality, and variety.
The government has an interest in ensuring that these three inputs are always in good standing. This is why there is so much focus, for example, on keeping the unemployment rate low.
First: Antitrust regulations would lead to massive job loss at Amazon. This would negatively impact the economy's GDP. See formula above. The NYT article makes reference to A&P. A&P was a strong supermarket chain that was targeted 60 years ago by antitrust laws because of its size and strong competitive advantage. This attack placed a lot of undue restraints on A&P. I don't think it's a coincidence that, not too long ago, A&P went bankrupt. Amazon might not go bankrupt if it were targeted as well.
However, many of the half million people would lose their jobs if Amazon got handcuffed by the antitrust police. As Amazon grows, the Principle of Increasing Costs necessitates that it grows its workforce as well. The opposite holds if Amazon shrinks. The company started with one employee 24 years ago. Today it has over half a million people on its payroll. Restricting Amazon's growth would consequently place many of those people out of work.
Second: Antitrust regulations would reduce Amazon's capital investments, further impacting the GDP. Not much needs to be said on this issue because the logic is simple. If Amazon doesn't have an incentive to grow, it won't invest more capital that will increase growth. The loss of capital investment leads to reduced efficiency. Ultimately, this will decrease their total output by the economy. Government interventions, though well-intentioned, cannot thwart the regular workings of economics.
Third: Perhaps most dangerously, antitrust regulations will limit technological innovations at Amazon. This, again impacts the GDP. Ms. Khan argues that Amazon limits product quality, variety, and innovation. These three have been at the center of its mission for more than 20 years. 20 years ago, one could only take a couple of books on a flight to save room in the suitcase.
Today, I can carry hundreds of books in my back pocket, thanks to the Kindle—that's product quality! Today, someone can order a computer on Amazon and have it delivered to them the very same day—that's innovation! And if I'm in an eclectic mood, I can get a book, groceries, a shirt, and download a movie simultaneously. This is just with a click of a button—that's product variety! Given these facts, Ms. Khan's claim is unfounded.
Those who support Ms. Khan's call for tighter antitrust regulations against Amazon, often point to its competitors. They believe that its competitors are victims of its behemoth-like presence. It is true that some companies have been made obsolete by Amazon. However, that is not a reason to punish it. Companies go in and out of business all the time. It is part of the risk of doing business in a free market environment. At the end of the day, the consumers decide which company deserves their hard earned dollars. Any company must be innovative to retain a large share of the consumer's buying decision.
Ms. Khan's arguments are misleading because they do not find their foundation in economic theory. We have to understand the economic implications of further antitrust regulations on Amazon. By doing so, we will see that further antitrust encroachment is not the way to go. Instead, I believe that other companies should study Amazon for the best practices that it offers. By doing so, the competition, which today might complain of Amazon's "unfair influence", might be able to find ways to set themselves apart from their rival.


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Der Plan von Ayutla wurde am 1. März 1854 in Ayutla de los Libres verabschiedet und zielte auf die Absetzung des nunmehr achtmaligen Präsidenten von Mexiko, Antonio López de Santa Anna.

Der liberale Juan Álvarez Benítez und einige Gegner Santa Annas beschuldigten diesen der Unterdrückung, der Abschaffung der Repräsentativen Demokratie und, wegen der Veräußerung mexikanischen Territoriums im Gadsden-Kauf, des Verrats. Bekannte Anhänger des Plans waren unter anderem Benito Juárez und Ignacio Comonfort. Santa Anna konnte sich jedoch zunächst behaupten und trat erst im August 1855 letztmals vom Amt des Präsidenten zurück, woraufhin er zum wiederholten Male ins Exil nach Kuba ging.

Weblinks

Geschichte Mexikos (19. Jahrhundert)
Politik (Mexiko)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Join us for an art show and live painting demonstration by local artist Laura James Tuesday April 26th, 5:30 to 7:30 p.m. Enjoy complimentary light hors d'oeuvres prepared by Executive Chef Matt Rainey and indulge in drink specials at our cash bar. Call 727.822.0999 to RSVP.
My current work primarily focuses on change and diversity.
I work in acrylic and acrylic mediums to create work that is both fluid and solid simultaneously. Through the use of various combinations of color and techniques the work represents a constant state of change. The entire piece creates a feeling of motion while actually being motionless. Through the use of certain mediums the colors can be integrated together and layered without becoming muted. Though the colors in my work overlap and blend they do not lose their individual character. The condition changes but the essence stays constant.
My diverse color and intense palettes represent life experience. I believe it takes variety to achieve intense power and beauty.
Rococo Steak welcomes Silver Oaks Cellars ambassador, Jeff Flood, for an exclusive wine dinner event on Sunday, March 13th at 6:30 p.m.
Silver Oak Cellars is a benchmark for California cabernet sauvignon. The label has achieved such a high level of consistent quality in its 43-year history, that if you find Silver Oak on the wine list, you can be sure that you're in for a great wine experience. Mr. Flood is on hand to share insights into their iconic history, their continued success and why #LifeIsACabernet.
Taking inspiration from the vintner's American barreled wines, Rococo Steak Executive Chef Matthew Rainey pairs five inventive courses with Wine Director Will Howard's selections of Silver Oak and Twomey wines.
Seating is limited. Don't miss this sure-to-sell-out St. Petersburg fine wine, dining and social celebration.
Date: Sunday, March 13th, 6:30 p.m.
Tickets: $165 per person. Click here to purchase.


Bee In My Bonnet: Autumn Love Sew Along - Week Three!!
the 2 flowers in the exact same way.
on the sides of the pumpkin stems.
is 3/8" wide and 7 1/4" long.
Press each end under 1/4"
the other is 6" long.
of the bucket fabric for the handle.
when laying out your block.
into place and glue baste.
page 17 of the guide.
My kit just came today. Can't wait to start. Did your Bloom quilt and loved evert minute.
I'm learning how to quilt, and your tutorials are so easy to follow along, especially with your photos! Your blog has now become one of my favorites!


text:
Home/Sponsored/Don Julio González On Finding and Living Your Passion (Video)
Don Julio González On Finding and Living Your Passion (Video)
Greg Baugher November 1, 2015
I worked with my friends at Tequila Don Julio to write this post.
Passion comes from the core of who you are. At my core I am man, who grew up, learned to work hard, earned his keep, determined what I needed vs. wanted, became a husband, a father, a friend but at the most basic level, a man. I founded Suburban Men to speak of the journey that is a man's life and the passions he finds along the way.
Sometimes things happen in our journey that shake our foundations. When I was offered the "opportunity" to start a new career by way of the poor economy, I took advantage to tap into the chance to achieve my lifelong dream of working for myself, to start my own company. I took what had always been a hobby when time allowed, and now poured my full self into it. Passions can be daunting, overwhelming and then all-consuming and ultimately exhilarating.
It is easy to mistake a hobby for passion. But, there is a major difference between a passion and a hobby. A hobby is "a pursuit outside one's regular occupation engaged in especially for relaxation."
Passions tend to take control of you. They demand attention whether you have the time or not. They are at once soothing and frustrating. The Olde English definition of passion is 'suffering' and your passion can demand a high price from you, but one you are all too happy to pay.
In speaking with my friends at Tequila Don Julio about the story of their founder Julio González and watching the video below, I recognized in him the passion that led him to spend decades honing and perfecting his process. He succeeding in creating of the first ultra-premium tequila, Don Julio Reposado. Tequila Don Julio was recognized then, as is now as the ultimate in luxury tequila.
Don Julio 1942 Anejo Tequila is a personal favorite. Its signature vanilla flavors and subtle, oaky finish pair perfectly with a fine cigar and good friends.
Do you recognize your passion? They can be difficult to identify. What drives you? What do you make sacrifices for? What consumes you? What makes you hurry through everything else so you can back to it? That's your passion.
Tequila Don Julio created the video below in celebration of Día de los Muertos (Day of the Dead), a Mexican holiday that focuses on gatherings of family and friends to pray for and remember friends and family members who are no longer with us.
Don Julio left us in 2012, but listen carefully to his words as he discusses starting his distillery with nothing but an idea. His ideas ring as true today as they did back in 1942. As he said, "Work hard with honesty. Never judge anyone. That is all and with that people will trust you."
As you watch, reflect on what is your true passion. Finding and harnessing it can lead to greatness, just as it did for Don Julio González.
Don Julio Don Julio Gonzalez original tequila
Guys Pinning on Pinterest (30 Photos)
It's a Sad Day in Gotham, Original Batmobile Creator George Barris Dead at 89 (16 Photos)
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Perfect Bloody Mary Recipes for College Football's Biggest Rivalry
The Chamberlain Wi-Fi Garage Door Opener Is Well Worth The Upgrade


AJ Brodeur scored six of his career-high 36 points in overtime and grabbed the last rebound to help Penn beat Dartmouth 82-79 on Friday night.
Dartmouth trailed 80-79 and had possession with 14.9 remaining in the extra period. Chris Knight drove to the basket but his shot rimmed out. Brodeur grabbed the rebound with 0.6 seconds left then added a pair of free throws. Ian Sistare's half-court shot hit the top of the backboard to end it.
Brodeur split a pair of free throws with 46 seconds left in regulation to tie it at 70. The Quakers forced a turnover on the next possession, but they didn't get off a shot as time expired.
Brodeur grabbed a game-high 11 rebounds. Devon Goodman had 12 points for Penn (15-8, 3-4 Ivy League). Antonio Woods added 10 points and 10 rebounds.
Knight had 25 points for the Big Green (11-12, 2-5). Sistare added 16 points. Brendan Barry had seven assists.
Penn plays Harvard at home on Saturday. Dartmouth plays Princeton on the road on Saturday.
NEW HAVEN, Conn. -- Bryce Aiken had 19 points as Harvard beat Penn 66-58 in the Ivy League tournament semifinals on Saturday.


Jason Windus said he needed a high fence in his Santa Rosa yard to prevent his dogs from jumping the barrier and getting out, but a neighbor complained to the city and he was told the fence was a zoning violation and blocked a suburban corner, which could pose a risk to passing motorists. Therefore the fence needed to be lowered.
"It is very serious. They made me freak out. They were going to fine me every day it wasn't taken down. As much as $500 a day," Windus said.
Windus is the owner of a moving company and had amassed the mannequins after he cleaned out a clothing store.


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September 18, 2020 ColinOnCars
Colin-on-Cars – BMW appoints power provider
While still able to get free access to BMW or MINI public charging stations, BMW Group South Africa has appointed service provider GridCars as its official Charge Point Operator.
The responses from existing BMW i3 drivers were considered when the new three-year agreement with GridCars was decided. An enhanced customer experience and access to Gridcar's extensive network were instrumental in securing the deal.
There will, however, be a defined sign-up process for BMW Group customers who register on the GridCars portal with their new (or existing) RFID ChargeNow cards. Customers will be able to use one card for access across both networks, yet still enjoy free access to BMW or MINI-branded public charging stations.
Other features BMW Group South Africa customers might enjoy include the ability to actively manage charge sessions using Gridcar's web-based app, real-time information on charge point availability and, at a later stage, a customer rewards programme.
This announcement comes as BMW Group South Africa prepares for the market introduction of the first fully electric MINI, the MINI Cooper SE, from October 2020.
Tim Abbott, Chief Executive Officer, BMW Group South Africa & Sub-Saharan Africa, says: "As a very exciting MINI model is added to further expand the BMW Group's leading position in electrification, we now have an opportunity to also act on our loyal BMW i customers' advice.
"In future, customers who drive either a BMW or MINI electric vehicle will benefit from a simplified charging process and the increased efficiencies that spring from our renewed partnership with GridCars."
"GridCars is looking forward to engaging with BMW Group South Africa's customers to add value to their charging experience, using the extended charging network now available across the country," says Winstone Jordaan, GridCars Managing Director. "The launch of the electric MINI is exciting and it will be a valuable addition to the broader electric vehicle offering in South Africa."
electriccars
Previous Colin-on-Cars – ESP added to Baleno as no-cost extra
Next Colin-on-Cars – Two winners in Riga thriller


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Q: Angular JqueryUI datepicker directive model change I have an Angular directive that wraps JqueryUI datepicker:
angular.module('uiControls').directive('datePicker', [function () {
    return {
        restrict: 'A',
        require: "ngModel",
        link: function(scope, elem, attrs, ngModelCtrl) {
            var options = {
                dateFormat: "mm/dd/yy",
                inline: true,
                showOtherMonths: true,
                dayNamesMin: ['Sun', 'Mon', 'Tue', 'Wed', 'Thu', 'Fri', 'Sat'],
                onSelect: function (dateText) {
                    scope.$apply(function () {
                        ngModelCtrl.$setViewValue(dateText);
                    });
                }
            };

            elem.datepicker(options);
        }
    };
} ]);

And I use it like that:
<div date-picker ng-model="currentFilter.filter"></div>

My question is:
The datepicker is opened when the current date is selected by default, but the model on the scope is null. Only when the user really clicks a date, then the onSelect event is fired, and now the model has a value.
How can I initialize the model according to the selected date in the datepicker?
I tried to add a watch in the directive, and change the model from outside, but it didn't work.
Thanks.

A: Question was asked a while ago but it may help others:
Try using an isolated scope binding '='. :
restrict: 'A',
    scope: {
        ngModel: '='
    }
    link: function(scope, elem, attrs, ngModelCtrl) {
        var options = {
            dateFormat: "mm/dd/yy",
            inline: true,
            showOtherMonths: true,
            dayNamesMin: ['Sun', 'Mon', 'Tue', 'Wed', 'Thu', 'Fri', 'Sat'],
            onSelect: function (dateText) {
                scope.ngModel = dateText;
            }
        };

        elem.datepicker(options);
    }


text:
Q: ILDASM in x64 folder I have been using ildasm.exe (to view .NET assemblies) from the location:
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v7.0A\Bin
But, there is another ildasm.exe in a subfolder:
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SDKs\Windows\v7.0A\Bin\x64
Is there any difference between the two exe's?

A: The version in the x64 directory is compiled as 64-bit application. This may be useful in theory if disassembling a very large IL file, but in practice the virtual memory limits are hard to reach. There's no difference in functionality.


Bugatti has revealed the final car in its six-line 'Legends' series of Veyron Grand Sport Vitesse models – and fittingly, it's been created to honour the boss: meet the Bugatti Ettore Bugatti.
As with the other 'Les Legendes de Bugatti' cars, it's strictly limited to just three models, each costing €2.35 million, sans tax (so, a cool £2.25 million in UK sterling) and will be showcased at the Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance on 15 August.
Based on the Type 41 Royale (considered one of the most iconic cars in the world), the Legend Ettore Bugatti boasts a hand-polished aluminium front end, covered with a clear coating to keep it shiny. The Ettore Bugatti is the only car in the world to be finished like this. It's complemented by dark blue exposed carbon fibre at the rear.
Ettore Bugatti created an eight-spoke wheel for racing cars and this has been honoured with the Legend's massive diamond-cut blue-finished alloys; meanwhile, polished platinum has been used in the Bugatti grille and rear EB logo. Yes, platinum.
A very 1920s brown leather colourscheme features inside and there's yet more platinum too – this time for the dancing elephant logo on the rear centre box, which honours the hood badge of the Type 41 Royale. Ettore's brother created this. Ettore's brother was Rembrant. But not that Rembrant.
A suitable way to honour the Type 41 Royale? In 1926, that amazing car really was the world's finest, most expensive and most extravagant car ever: we're talking 300hp 12.7-litre engine, three-tonne weight, 6.5-metre length and a wheelbase longer than a family hatchback. No wonder he only sold six of the 25-strong production run.
Will driverless cars look like this?


"There are a million ways to surf, and as long as you're smiling you're doing it right."
My passion is creating the finest surfboards entirely by hand. Why? I prefer to use an entirely manual process as it gives you a much better connection and feel for the board.
I starting learning the process of crafting surfboards as a young guy with Rusty in San Diego. It was there i met some of the most incredible people and craftsmen. One incredible shaper I met was Pat Rawson, his surfboards always had a unique look to them and his theory of board and blank design was something I hold in high regard. Hawaii had always been my dream so as a twenty year old I moved there to hone my craft. Working with Donald Takayama was one of the high points of my life, I don't think i ever looked at surfboards the same. I lived on the North Shore where I made both long boards and short boards. Locals and legends rode my boards, it was never about the money, it was about the waves. I moved West to Makaha and life in a hawaiian surfing community showed me a whole new life. Watching a gun I made paddle out at The Eddie was another one of those special times. The history and waves at Makaha on the West Side and experiencing a whole different vibe where my own label grew.
Then I met my wife (an Aussie) and moved to Sydney. I worked with Bennett Surfboards then Channel Islands, producing my own boards as well. After traveling north we fell in love with the Sunshine Coast. I worked out of Beach Beat Factory for a couple of years until I decided to go back to what I love best. Making my own boards from start to finish.
My boards sell at Dessa Surfshop in Perigian Beach and you can also contact me directly. I look forward to making you a board that gives you the most out of every wave and makes your surfing even more enjoyable.
Larry Bertlemann was the forefront of performance surfing. Credited with his low stylish turns emulated by DogTown skateboarders and surfers alike. His approach to wave riding was new and his "Laerial" was the first air manoeuvre in surfing. I began handshaking these replicas for Larry Bertlemann twin fins while in my Wailua Sugar Mill factory. Having Larry Bertlemann in the shaping room working on design with me was a high point in my pursuit to learning everything about the performance twin fin design. Flat Decks and forgiving rails with extreme amounts of Vee off the tail with his signature "flute" channel splitting the Vee. Larry always said "if your body is over the board, you will never fall" and to "Be Original"! Fast forward to when i migrated to australia and LB bringing me some laminates and said "go for it". I am pleased to present these boards for reproduction in australia and to the world with he highest of quality.


text:
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It was a very dejected Gavin Houstin who phoned Action Charters at short notice to inquire about the possibility of a charter the next day. Apparently Gavin and his three mates had traveled all the way from Mackay to Yeppoon armed to the teeth with fishing tackle in preparation for a week's fishing only to have their charter cancelled at the last minute.Luckily for the guys, we had an opening and while the tides weren't the greatest due to the full moon, the weather was perfect.
Our departure from the Mackay marina at 0600 coincided with the low tide, so knowing the next few hours would have us battling strong currents the decision was made to crack open some of the boys new lures and target Pelagics on poppers and stick baits and try and tempt a Spanish Mackerel on trolled lures and jigs. Unfortunately, while we certainly had current we couldn't find the other necessary ingredient – bait.
After working our way east from Keswick Island and Silloth Rocks, we were about to pull the pin and head into the shipping channel when a last drift around Calder Island had surprising results. Shannon had changed from a knife jig to a soft plastic on a light weight jig stick and on the second drift was suddenly bent over the side trying to keep the line away from the hull as a rampaging fish attempted to empty the spool. With the 25 foot Contender proving the ideal platform for Shannon to follow the fish as it took him around the boat, it would be five minutes before the silver side of a 15 Kg Jewfish appeared on the surface.
With the flood tide now easing and smiles all-round, lines were re-rigged with paternosters as we headed out to start the search for bottom dwelling table fish. Throughout the remainder of the day a nice bag of Nannygai, Coral Trout and Grassy Sweet Lip was put on ice. Of interest was the capture of the Nannygai which appeared to coincide with a reduction in the number of whales sited out wide. The jury is still out on the whether the large number of whales contributed to the shutdown in the red-fish bite over the last couple of months or if this was due to other seasonal conditions but we will certainly monitor it with interest during whale season next year.