text:
Latest hurricane forecast: seven hurricanes, two major storms.
Colorado State University's latest forecast still calls for an "average" storm season. But the number of predicted hurricanes rose from six to seven.
The latest Atlantic hurricane season update from Colorado State University scientists continues to predict a relatively average hurricane season due to near-average surface temperatures in the tropical Atlantic and the weakening of El Niño in the tropical Pacific.
The seasonal forecast remains mostly the same: a total of 14 named storms, but a slight increase in the number of predicted hurricanes, going from six to seven such storms. That total was raised to account for the brief development of Hurricane Barry into a Category 1 storm in July.
"Barry was a really, really short-lived piece of junk, but it was still a hurricane," said Philip Klotzbach, a research scientist in the Department of Atmospheric Science at Colorado State University who co-authors its annual hurricane forecast.
HURRICANE SEASON IS HERE: Get ready and stay informed at tampabay.com/hurricane
Scientists predict there will be two major hurricanes at Category 3 or higher, and with wind speeds of at least 111 mph. Those numbers match Colorado State's June and July predictions, and are almost exactly the same as average storm numbers observed between 1981 and 2010. The average over that period was 12.1 named storms, 6.4 hurricanes and 2.7 major hurricanes.
Since the season is expected to be close to average, the likelihood that a major hurricane will make landfall is also close to average, researchers wrote.
An El Niño weather pattern can mean that increased westerly winds tear apart hurricanes before they can form, the report said. El Niño has weakened in recent months, but it still left behind warmer waters in the tropical Pacific that should slightly inhibit the development of tropical cyclones.
Conditions in the Caribbean and the Atlantic currently present a mixed picture. Warm seasons, more moisture and lower wind shear usually lead to a more active hurricane season in that region. In July, the tropical Atlantic was moister than normal, the central tropical Atlantic was slightly warmer and the eastern tropical Atlantic was slightly cooler than normal. The Caribbean was drier than normal and the vertical wind shear was a bit stronger than usual.
RELATED STORY: Hurricane Michael destroyed their homes. Then the insurance heartache began.
Hurricane season officially started June 1 and runs through Nov. 30. But the first named storm of the 2019 season arrived a bit early on May 20, when short-lived Subtropical Storm Andrea developed south of Bermuda. It dissipated soon thereafter.
After experiencing an unprecedented 11-year hurricane drought, Florida has been struck by hurricanes three years in a row: Hermine hit in the Big Bend area and Matthew drenched the east coast in 2016; Irma hit the Keys and then Marco Island in 2017; and Michael struck the Panhandle in 2018.
Scientists reminded coastal residents that a nearly-average hurricane system can still be catastrophic. "It only takes one hurricane making landfall to make it an active season for them," the report said.
2019 Tampa Bay Times Hurricane Guide
PREPARE YOUR STUFF: Get your documents and your data ready for a storm
BUILD YOUR KIT: The stuff you'll need to stay safe — and comfortable — for the storm
PROTECT YOUR PETS: Your pets can't get ready for a storm. That's your job
NEED TO KNOW: Click here to find your evacuation zone and shelter
What Michael taught the Panhandle and Tampa Bay
What the Panhandle's top emergency officials learned from Michael
'We're not going to give up.' What a school superintendent learned from Michael.
What Tampa Bay school leaders fear most from a storm
Tampa Bay's top cops fear for those who stay behind
Up next:Tropical wave hammers Florida with rain, Atlantic disturbance unlikely to become tropical system
Kavitha Surana
Breaking News Reporter — Courts


Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts is teaming up with Vietnam-based BRG Group to bring the Four Seasons brand to Vietnam's capital city. In the center of downtown Hanoi, Four Seasons Hotel Hanoi at Hoan Kiem Lake will be near the Old and French Quarters, museums, galleries, shopping, restaurants, foreign embassies, Hanoi's commercial and diplomatic center, Halong Bay and Sapa.
Designed by international firms WATG Architects and SRSS Interior Design Studio, Four Seasons Hotel Hanoi at Hoan Kiem Lake will have 95 guestrooms and suites.


CS 77 is a thermally improved three-chamber system for windows and doors that boasts the optimum combination of safety and comfort. Fibreglass reinforced polyamide strips with ribs and/or hollow chambers guarantee high thermal insulation levels.
Eco system is a high performance aluminium system that combines aesthetic design with energy efficiency. With a Uf-value down to 2.25 W/m2K according to EN 10077-2, this system meets the latest thermal insulation requirements. Eco system offers a solution for every standard application for inward and outward opening windows, window-doors and flush doors. Furthermore, the Eco system allows the fabrication, production and easy assembly of windows and doors in less time. Different inner and outer colours are possible.


text:
A range of free or subsidised transport options are available through the City of Kalamunda, State and Australian Government services.
Taxi Users' Subsidy Scheme
Taxi Users' Subsidy Scheme (TUSS) is a subsidy available to eligible people with disabilities travelling in taxis and taxi cars under the provisions of the Taxi Act 1994 and Transport Coordination Act 1966. Carers can travel with the person using the taxi service.
To be eligible for TUSS a person must demonstrate to the Director General of Department of Transport (through an authorised officer) that they:
Are a permanent resident in Western Australia;
Have a disability that will always prevent them using conventional public transport; and
Are over ten years of age, or less than ten years of age and they use a wheelchair.
To be eligible for TUSS a person must have a disability that falls within one or more of the following three categories:
Mobility disability
Vision disability
Cognitive or intellectual disability
For more information contact the Department of Transport:
Website:Taxi Users' Subsidy Scheme (TUSS)
Email: subsidies@transport.wa.gov.au
A range of transport service providers can be accessed through My Aged Care.
For more information contact My Aged Care
Website: https://www.myagedcare.gov.au/
Email: contactAC@risenetwork.com.au
Monday to Friday (closed on public holidays) 8am to 8pm (local time)
Saturday 10am to 2pm (local time)
If you are deaf or have a hearing or speech impairment, we can help through the National Relay Service.
Phone: 1800 555 677* and ask for 1800 200 422*.
If you need an interpreter, we can help through the Translating and Interpreting Service.
Phone: 131 450 and ask for 1800 200 422*.
The City of Kalamunda provides a 16 (+ Driver) seater Community Bus and fuel free of charge to local seniors groups and charitable organisations arranging outings for members and older people.
The bus seats 16 passengers (without wheelchairs) or 15 passengers (with up to two wheelchairs).
To make a booking, phone the Customer Relations Officer (Facilities Bookings) during office hours on (08) 9257 9999
Universal Access – Department of Transport
Information on Universal Access for community members including people with disability, seniors, parents with prams and young children can be found on the Department of Transport website.
In the Mix Registration
Young Artist Award Registration
Careers Expo Exhibitor Registration
Busking Registration
Aged Care Advisory Committee Companion Card Aged Care Housing Seniors Directory Seniors Exhibition Transport NDIS Seniors Week Facilities & Venues Access & Inclusion Volunteering Improving Access
Hiring a Venue or Facility

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A guide to keeping up to date in your subject or research area.
Keeping up-to-date with new ideas and research is an essential part of the research process. However the sheer number of journal articles published each year can make this a daunting task.
BrowZine draws together many of our e-journals in an attractive, easy to use interface. Download the app to create your own 'bookshelf' of journal titles and to be alerted to new issues - it's then easy to see new tables of contents. You can save articles to read at a more convenient time, or export the citation details to EndNote or another referencing system.
Publishers will often give the option of setting up alerts for new books in your field - try looking for 'email notifications' or look in the information for researchers.
Journal publishers may also provide a free alerting service. This may be email alerts of tables of contents (TOC) of new issues, or through a database of journal articles. In most cases you will need to register for a free account.
Alternatively, Journal TOCs provides peer-reviewed scholarly journal tables of contents free of charge. It covers more than 30,000 journals, including more than 12,000 selected Open Access journals and more than 11,000 hybrid journals.
Databases are organized collections of published journal articles, conference papers, government documents and other works, which can be searched in a systematic manner. Setting up email alerts or RSS feeds based on your searches or on specific journal titles is the most efficient way to keep up to date with new publications in your area.
To use the alerting facilities on most databases you will need to create a personal account once logged in.
We subscribe to a range of databases: some cover all subject areas (such as Web of Science, Scopus), some cover particular types of publication (for instance, Index to theses), and some cover specific subject areas (for example, MLA Bibliography for English Literature). You will need to establish which are the most appropriate databases to search - see your subject guide for guidance.
Guides to specialist resources in subjects studied at the University.
Once you have found a suitable search (or searches), you will need to repeat them regularly to pick up any new publications. You can set up email alerts or RSS feeds to automate this process. See the other tabs in this box for details of how to do this on the most popular databases.
You can also set up citation alerts so that if a new paper appears which cites a key article you will be informed.
The Web of Science platform gives access to several databases including the Web of Science Core Collection (citation indexes covering all subjects and conference proceedings), Medline (biomedical sciences) and BIOSIS Previews (biological abstracts). You can search one or all of these databases and save your searches to re-run against the latest updates to the databases. You can also set up RSS feeds and citation alerts (so that you are notified when someone cites your key articles).
If you wish to set up email alerts you will need to search the individual databases within Web of Science. Just repeat your search and save it on each database on the Web of Science.
Scopus is a large bibliographic database covering all subjects which includes selected conference proceedings and over 34,000 journals. Scopus allows you to set up alerts for particular authors, documents (so that you are notified when someone cites a particular article), or searches. Searches can be for a range of criteria including keywords, journal title, and an author's affiliation.
The video below is one of a series produced by the University of the Sunshine Coast Library in Australia.
Zetoc is the British Library's electronic Table of Contents (ETOC) service which allows you to set up email alerts for the tables of contents from new issues of journals. Select from 20,000 current journal titles and around 16,000 conference proceedings published every year. You can set up alerts for specific journal titles, authors, or keyword searches. You can also set up an RSS newsfeed for alerts.
Google Scholar is the academic version of Google - it is not a database but a search engine. It will allow you to search the web for scholarly literature (journal articles, books, patents) from a variety of sources, including academic publishers, professional societies and online repositories, but there is no guarantee that what it finds has been through an editorial process. It is possible to set up simple searches as alerts.
The video below, by Dan Ferreira, is a general introduction to Google Scholar, including saving and managing articles to My Library, and setting up alerts for general topics and specific articles.
Weblogs or blogs can be a useful, informal way to keep-up-to-date with new developments. Your favorite researcher may write a blog, or you can search for one which covers your field of interest.
Altmetrics (alternative or non-traditional metrics) can help you track down bloggers and tweeters in your subject field. The amount of media attention an article receives is indicated by the Altmetric donut that you will see on a record for an article, for example in Summon. If you click on the donut, it will open an altmetric details page in the Altmetric.com website. From here you can find a list of bloggers or tweeters who have mentioned the article.
Search our discovery service Summon to find altmetrics for literature in your subject area.
There are a number of scholarly collaboration networks (SCNs) you can join to post articles, discover other articles and follow researchers.
Find relevant networks with How can I share it? Tells you how you can share, where you can share and recommends sharing sites where you can engage and collaborate with the research community.
You may already use Mendeley to organize your references, but it includes a number of additional helpful features. If you create a research profile, you can discover and join subject oriented groups. Mendeley will also send you personalised suggestions of articles to read and people to follow.
Academia.edu is a for-profit American social networking website for academics. The platform can be used to share papers, monitor their impact, and follow the research in a particular field.
ResearchGate is a commercial social networking site for scientists and researchers to share papers, ask and answer questions, and find collaborators.
Please be aware that Academia.edu and ResearchGate are not open access archiving repositories and should not be used for this purpose. They do not fulfil funder and University Open Access requirements or HEFCE REF requirements, and they may infringe copyright. Before posting your articles to these sites, check each publishers policy on howcanishareit.com.


Warning: A machine translator, no matter how good it is, can never be as good as the brain of a professional human translator... So, be aware that it could give you mistakes, and even mistranslations.
If you want high-quality translations, you can consult our services.


The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program was established under the Clean Water Act (CWA) and regulates discharges of pollutants from point sources (pipe, ditch, well, etc.) to U.S. waters. Under NPDES, all facilities that discharge pollutants from any point source into waters of the United States are required to obtain a permit. The permit provides two levels of control: technology-based limits (based on the ability of dischargers in the same industrial category to treat wastewater) and water-quality-based limits (if technology-based limits are not sufficient to provide protection of the water body).


text:
Road Warrior Travis Baker blogs about the problems and idiosyncrasies of Kitsap highways and byways.
Apparent paving waste had a reason
travis baker
The in basket: Two readers – Louis Oliver and Paul Goodwin – thought Kitsap County wasted a lot of money in the way it went about repaving Central Valley Road between Bucklin Hill and Holland roads in August.
Louis said, "If you (go to) that part of Central Valley Road just north of Fairgrounds Road, you will find the road is torn up.
"However, just last week the county ripped up 40 percent of this same part of the road and repaved it.
"This week they are ripping up the same road and redoing it. It appears to be around 65 percent of the road this time and, yes, they ripped out the newly patched parts again, after just a few days.
"Why? Did the county come into money it does not need?"
Paul said he drives down Central Valley Road daily, and observed the patch paving between Holland and Bucklin Hill.
Then, starting Monday, he said, road crews were out grinding out the whole road, including the asphalt they had just laid down.
He thinks it's a giant waste of money for the flagger, equipment and materials for the patch paving, and "now they are doing it all over again."
The out basket: As is usually the case, there is a method to what appears to be madness. Don Schultz, Kitsap County Road Superintendent, explains the process.
"Full depth patching on this section of road was completed to a depth of 4 inches," he said. "The patches were in response to distressed areas subject to heavy truck and bus traffic.
"A condition review of the existing paved shoulders showed they were still in very good condition, and did not need an overlay," he said. "This allowed us to consider a partial overlay that can result in significant cost savings.
"If you do not overlay the full width of a road surface you must establish a vertical butt joint at the edge of the paving limits. The process of creating that butt joint could lead a passing motorist to conclude we were grinding out the patches we just placed.
"A butt joint is established by grinding a depth of 1½ inches at the outer edge of the travel way to level near the center line of the road. This butt joint did overlap some areas previously patched. We could have left the patches below grade in the interim period between patching and the overlay, but that would have created some safety concerns.
"Using this approach to limit the overlay to the actual travel lanes and creating a butt joint to support that resulted in saving about 600 tons of asphalt, reducing the overlay cost by $40,000 in material alone. The associated labor costs are also lowered by limiting the overlay to the traffic lanes.
"Some of the fresh patch material was removed, but considering the safety concerns a 1½-inch drop-off would cause in the interim, and the savings created by this approach, I felt the tradeoff was acceptable.
"It's also important for readers to know that the asphalt we did remove from the patch is ground up and reused as fill material for shoulder work," Don said.
August 31, 2011 UncategorizedCentral Valley, paving
License AAA0000 seen frequently around here
This photo found on Facebook
The in basket: Richard West writes, "In March 2010 your article mentioned the new seven-digit license plates starting to appear in Kitsap County. It also mentioned that the first plates went to Whitman County (the Colfax-Pullman area).
"As I watch cars with the new plates all around the area, I have noticed a car with what might be the first plate, AAA0000, seems to spend a lot of time in the Kitsap area.
"Is it a WSU parent? Maybe your contacts can shed light on who got the first plate."
The out basket: The plate is registered to a Mason County resident, says Brad Benfield of the state Department of Licensing.
"The transaction for the first plate was processed through our headquarters office here in Olympia," he said, "so it appears the actual 'first box' or at least part of that box was retained here for use by our staff who still process some transactions by mail."
The Mason County owner of that plate may have been savvy enough to have placed his or her order with the intent of getting the first plate in the series, or it might have been happenstance.
I was of the belief that ordinary citizens could pay to learn who owned cars with particular plate numbers, but I was wrong. The federal Driver's Privacy Protection Act passed in 1994 places restrictions on what information a state licensing department can release. It appears it wasn't even true before then.
"The federal law spells out pretty clearly who can get registered owner information," Brad said. "Beyond law enforcement/legal or other government use, the release of this type of information is limited to uses where it is required to conduct a particular business — like parking lot or towing companies.
"There are no provisions for the release of this type of information—for a fee or otherwise—for news gathering or to satisfy curiosities about a vehicle's owner," he said.
Of course, if the owner of that plate happens to learn of this discussion, perhaps he could e-mail or otherwise contact me and tell the story of what it's like to own license AAA0000.
In fact, Paul Petrinovich, owner of AAA0000, got the word and you can read about that plate and his other 50,000 0r s0 at http://www.kitsapsun.com/news/2011/sep/14/license-plate-collector-scores-a-first/
August 29, 2011 UncategorizedAAA0000, license plate
What prompted Windy Point rock work?
The in basket: I got the impression somewhere that the rock work on Highway 3 at Windy Point between Bremerton and Gorst that may create long backups this year isn't so much prompted by worsening of the conditions on the cliff as by the evolving state slope stabilization program and the Windy Point area gradually working its way to the top of the list of needed projects.
I asked the state if I was right.
The out basket: Lisa Copeland of the Olympic Region of state highways says there have been rock falls there. "(We receive) "regular reports from the maintenance team about rock falling in the area, most of it is contained to the ditch," she said. "The most recent, significant event occurred in 2006, when 10-20 cubic yards of debris came down the cliffs. A similar event occurred during the Nisqually earthquake in 2001.
"This project falls under WSDOT's Unstable Slope Management Program which prioritizes the need for statewide unstable slope improvements."
"According to Gabriel Taylor, WSDOT engineering geologist, the scale is based on 11 factors, each one ranging from 3 to 81," Lisa said. "They are all combined for the rating. As a result, the low end and high end are ridiculously unrealistic numbers and most slopes rate between 200 and 500. The slopes on this project rate 450.
"The slopes are rated not just on rock fall history," she said, "but on risk to the traveling public, which is accounted for by (average daily traffic) as well as other factors.(It's 71,000 (trips per day) in the Windy Point vicinity)."
August 29, 2011 UncategorizedBremerton, cliffs, Gorst, Highway 3, rock work, Windy Point
Snow, the bridge detour and the Sedgwick hill
The in basket: I was talking with Roger Wiley at the recent all-'60s-classes South Kitsap High School reunion and he asked a question I imagine was asked by interested parties during public meetings leading up to the South Colby bridge closure. But I hadn't heard it before and didn't know the answer.
With all Southworth Drive traffic routed to Sedgwick Road for the months the road is closed for replacement of the bridge, how can people expect to get up or down the steep hill on Sedgwick just east of Locker Road in a snowstorm. That's where nearly all of the detoured traffic will get onto or off of Sedgwick, using the prescribed detour.
The out basket: Kitsap County has made one adjustment to its normal snow removal plan in recognition of the detour, says Doug Bear of its public works department.
It has added Lake Valley Road between Sedgwick and Long Lake to its list of priority plowing routes. A lot of savvy drivers probably have used a "flat-land" detour in past snows to get around that hill. It skirts the problem via Lake Valley, Long Lake, Mullenix, Olalla Valley and Banner roads, or in reverse order coming from the east.
"(The state), the ferry system, SK Fire & Rescue, South Kitsap schools, Kitsap County Sheriff's Office and the United States Postal Service are all aware of this project," Doug said. "Both Locker Road and SE Southworth Drive are primary routes in our snow and ice plan. SR 160 is a primary route for the state, and usually receives prompt attention during snow and ice events.
"We are actively working with (the state) to develop inclement weather contingencies for SR 160, up to and including assistance in treating and plowing that stretch of the highway between Locker and Banner."
The county doesn't usually divert any of its plows to a state highway during snow, so that is another departure from past practice and will be done at just the one location for the duration of the bridge project.
They won't sign the route that goes out to Mullenix during a snow, as they haven't the past, but will rely on drivers to figure it out."We don't have any official 'snow' routes posted," Doug said. "Rather we use the priority and secondary route approach as outlined in our snow and ice removal policy." You can see that at http://www.kitsapgov.com/pw/snowplow.htm and it's a good resource to understand what to expect of the county when it snows, irrespective of the detour and Sedgwick Hill.
August 24, 2011 Uncategorizedbridge replacement, Locker Road, Mullenix Road, Sedgwick hill, snow, Southworth Drive
Honk if you can bear it
The in basket: I was talking recently with a local doctor who had been to France this summer and had previously lived in Boston. After we shared our mutual appreciation for the effectiveness of roundabouts, he had an observation.
Driving around here would be safer if we Northwesterners would get over our aversion to honking our vehicles' horns, he said.
Beeping at other drivers is a common practice in Boston and France, he said, and is as common as using your turn signal. He didn't mean laying on your horn, just tapping it to say, "I'm here next to you."
In the Northwest, it's taken either as an insult or a provocation, he said.
The out basket: It don't know how many of you have seen the movie "Waitress," but the main character's brute of a husband always announced his arrival at wherever she was with three blasts of his car horn. It was very annoying.
And I must admit to suffering from the very aversion the doctor mentioned. I'm even reluctant to use my horn to acknowledge someone or say hi. I do honk if the driver ahead of me doesn't respond to the light turning green, and is looking sideways.
I do so despite knowing that there is a law against it. Our state law says "The driver of a motor vehicle shall when reasonably necessary to insure safe operation give audible warning with his or her horn but shall not otherwise use such horn when upon a highway." The fine is $124 in the off chance one gets cited for not complying.
The doctor said his suggestion fits comfortably within that safe-operation guideline, broadly defined.
I have no illusions about the Road Warrior column's ability to overcome this ingrained societal aversion to honking. But I'm curious as to how far east one must go before horn honking is customary. I associate it with East Coast cab drivers.
I'm hoping to mine the collective experiences of you readers about this phenomenon. Drop a comment below or send me an e-mail if you have something to say.
August 23, 2011 Uncategorizedhonk, horn
Why bother fixing lower Elfendahl Pass Road?
The in basket: Mary Axter of North Shore Road in North Mason says she and her husband walk the lower nearly two miles of Elfendahl Pass Road, closed to vehicles since the historic December 2007 rains washed it out , and wonder why the county is bothering to rebuild it.
Work hasn't begun, but she said they have seen surveyors at work, who say they often are asked the same question, why?
It seems like the money could be better spent on something else, like the highway between Bremerton and Gorst, or for sidewalks in Belfair, she said.
The out basket: Mason County Engineer Brian Matthews says that short stretch of Elfendahl Pass Road is the only link between North Shore Road and Belfair-Tahuya Road except for the ends of each. "It provides a valuable alternative route between the two roads, in the event access is blocked by acts of nature or other needs to close either North Shore or the Belfair-Tahuya Road," he said.
Fire and sheriff's officials both favor its restoration. he said. "The road reduces the first responders travel time by shortening the route to get from North Shore Road to Belfair-Tahuya Road," he said.
The highway between Bremerton and Gorst is a state highway and improvements of it aren't interchangeable with a county project. Also the money to rebuild Elfendahl Pass Road is federal emergency management money, except for 12.5 percent of the cost the county must kick in, and must go to undo the damage the rain emergency caused.
"Road abandonment for trail use (as some have suggested) would require that the county remove the roadway and related infrastructure," Brian said. "It is estimated that the cost to mitigate the road is much greater then the repair cost," estimated to be between $1.6 and $1.9 million. "I believe that the county would be required to abate the roadway to prevent the roadway material from eroding into the creek and degrading the water and habitat quality," he said.
County crew will do the work, beginning in September.
August 22, 2011 UncategorizedBelfair-Tahuya, Elfendahl, Mason, North Shore
Tidying up inquiries on South Colby bridge job
The in basket: A commenter going by Verdann on the Road Warrior blog at kitsapsun.com is among some readers who read the entry saying the South Colby bridge being replaced will be done by December and wondered why the static signs posted just before Southworth Drive is closed say March.
And The Judybaker, my wife, said she had wrongly concluded that the job was done already because the being electronic message board on Mile Hill Drive near Baby Doll Road had been removed.
The out basket: Doug Bear of Kitsap County Public Works, which has contracted the job, says, "The project contract runs through December, and we expect the project will be completed by then.
"(But) because major components of the project are scheduled during the fall when inclement weather can delay and postpone work, we've asked for an additional window of time to allow for weather-related delays. This allows delayed work to be rescheduled without further resolution from the Board of County Commissioners.
"The bridge will be opened to traffic as soon as the work is completed," Doug said.
As for removal of the electronic sign, he said, it "was intended to be placed for a limited time. It helps increase awareness for regular commuters that the project is starting.
"We have a limited number of these types of signs and use them for road projects throughout the county, and move them frequently. There are signs near the project site routing infrequent users to detour routes."
August 16, 2011 Uncategorizedbridge, South Colby, Southworth Drive
Why merge traffic toward the center line and not the shoulder?
The in basket: Linda Bruns of Belfair, a frequent traveler on Highway 3 between there and Gorst, read the recent Road Warrior column about left turns off the highway into Airport Auto Wrecking near Sunnyslope Road and called me up with a suggestion,
Why not have the merge of the two uphill southbound lanes of Highway 3 into the single lane be to the outside lane rather than the inside lane, she asked. That way the cars would be moving toward the ditch rather than oncoming traffic during the merge, which struck her as a lot safer if something goes wrong. It might even make those left turns into the wrecking yard safer, she said.
The out basket: I told Linda her suggestion made a lot of sense and I'd ask the state why the merge is the way it is. What Linda and I hadn't considered is a countervailing hazard of doing it the other way – the blind spot all drivers have at the rear right of their vehicle.
Steve Bennett, operations engineer for the state highways in this region, told me, "Merging traffic from right to left has become the national
standard for lane reductions. The reason it is done that way is because of better driver visibility.
"When a driver moves to his left, it is
fairly easy to determine if the lane is clear as there is no blind spot. It is somewhat more difficult to make that same determination when
moving to the right. Often, when moving to the right there can be a
small area to the right rear of the vehicle that is more difficult to
see. For this reason, at most lane reductions, we move drivers from
right to left."
August 15, 2011 UncategorizedBelfair, Highway 3, merge, Sunnyslope
Left turns on red and transit buses on Burwell
The in basket: Ric Logg sent an e-mail back in May asking if I'd heard any rumors of a left-turn arrow being added to the light at Pacific and Burwell (in Bremerton).
"The buses get jammed up in the morning commute to the ferry terminal," he said. "Kinda stinks having to sit through two lights waiting for a break so the bus can make a left-hand turn and get to the ferry terminal."
The out basket: I wouldn't expect a change in the signal at that intersection, for lack of money, but there is hope of a change as regards the buses.
That left turn carries buses and all other traffic onto a one-way street leading downhill to the terminal. As I've written often before, a little known state law allows a left turn against a red light where no sign prohibits it, but only onto a one-way street and only after coming to a complete stop and yielding to conflicting traffic.
Kitsap Transit executive John Clauson turns out to be among those who had never heard of the law. (Some police officers also hadn't and have ticketed Road Warrior readers for making such a turn, for whom I've interceded twice to get the ticket dismissed).
John said he'll look into the law and it's applicability to transit vehicles, so it's possible Kitsap Transit drivers will be made aware of it and be allowed to make the turn against red in the future.
I'm not sure whether traffic flow will provide many chances for those turns during morning rush hours. It also sounds like Ric's complaint addresses times when the Burwell light is green, not red, and it's oncoming traffic that keeps the buses from proceeding.
It's not much of a problem just now anyway, Ric tells me, as the closure of the Manette Bridge has reduced traffic on Burwell at Pacific.
August 11, 2011 UncategorizedBurwell, left turns on red, Pacific, Transit
What's with the sharp corner on new Sprague Avenue off-ramp?
The in basket: Gary Reed and Ronda Armstrong both wonder about the reasoning behind the L-shaped angle at the top of one of the Sprague Avenue ramps in the Nalley Valley project where I-5 and Highway 16 meet in Tacoma.
"I noted the new Sprague Avenue exit from leaves 16, goes up the twice-built ramp, and quickly goes into a 90-degree left turn," said Gary. "I'm wondering if the WSDOT engineers have a pool going as to how long before the first accident occurs at the end of the ramp.
"I can envision a person steaming up that ramp, at night, rainy and icy, and smashing into the barricade at the top of the ramp, or, maybe even flipping over the barricade and plunging down into Nalley Valley," he said. "I'm wondering why the sudden left turn, and not a smooth transition? I suppose the 40 mph signs are the deterrent? Or maybe the money was spent on correcting the poor ramp build? Twice?"
The out basket: Lisa Coleman, spokeswoman for the Olympic Region of state highway says that part of the interchange won't be finished for more than a year, when it will have traffic signals.
"We considered leaving the exit closed until the eastbound project is done in 2013 but opted to open it in the interim, in the 'L"' configuration (eventually it will be a 'T'). It will close for some time during eastbound construction."
Bids on the remaining work are to be opened Aug. 24. You can get an idea what the finished project will look like online at www.wsdot.wa.gov/projects/piercecountyhov/sr16_ebnalleyvalley/.
There is a video depiction online that runs a couple of minutes but it could really benefit from some narration rather than just the musical background it now has.
If you call it up, use the pause button to give yourself time to grasp what you are seeing. It appears there will be separate eastbound ramps to go north or south on I-5 from the existing structure with the 90-degree corner.
August 8, 2011 UncategorizedHighway 16, Nalley Valley, off-ramp, Sprague, Tacoma
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Curriculum Article
How Old is Earth, and How Do We Know?
Robert M. Hazen1
Earth scientists have devised many complementary and consistent techniques to estimate the ages of geologic events. Annually deposited layers of sediments or ice document hundreds of thousands of years of continuous Earth history. Gradual rates of mountain building, erosion of mountains, and the motions of tectonic plates imply hundreds of millions of years of change. Radiometric dating, which relies on the predictable decay of radioactive isotopes of carbon, uranium, potassium, and other elements, provides accurate age estimates for events back to the formation of Earth more than 4.5 billion years ago. These and other dating techniques are mutually consistent and underscore the reality of "deep time" in Earth history.
Historians love to quote the dates of famous events in human history. They celebrate great accomplishments and discoveries, such as the Wright Brothers' first flight of December 17, 1903, and the first manned moon landing on July 20, 1969. They recount days of national loss and tragedy like December 7, 1941 and September 11, 2001. And they remember birthdays: July 4, 1776 and, of course, February 12, 1809 (the coincident birthdays of Charles Darwin and Abraham Lincoln). We trust the validity of these historic moments because of the unbroken written and oral record that links us to the not-so-distant past.
Geologists also love to quote historic age estimates: about 12,500 years ago, when the last great glaciation ended and humans began to settle North America; 65 million years ago, when the dinosaurs and many other creatures became extinct; the Cambrian boundary at 542 million years ago, when diverse animals with hard shells suddenly appeared; 4.56 billion years ago, when the Sun and Earth formed from a vast cloud of dust and gas. But how can we be sure of those age estimates? There's no written record past a few thousand years, nor is there any oral tradition that can inform estimates of Earth's ancient chronology.
Earth scientists have developed numerous independent yet consistent lines of evidence that point to an incredibly old Earth. I describe just three of these many approaches—annual layerings, geologic rates, and our most accurate and reliable method, isotopic age determinations or "radiometric dating." When properly applied, all three approaches yield identical estimates of geologic events.
But first, a warning: it is difficult for anyone to conceive of such an immense time span as 4.5 billion years. The oldest humans (the current record according to Guinness is held by a French woman who lived to celebrate her 122nd birthday) fall far short of living for 4.5 billion seconds (about 144 years). All of recorded human history is much less than 4.5 billion minutes. Yet, geologists claim that Earth formed half-a-million times longer ago than that. No one can easily fathom the meaning of "deep time." So how can we be sure such age estimates are correct? The answer lies in the testimony of the rocks.
Annual Rock Clocks
Rocks reveal their ages of formation in several ways and provide Earth scientists with their most reliable clocks. The most straightforward geologic timekeepers are rock formations with annual layers. Annual tree rings provide a familiar analog (Fig. 1). Each year of a tree's life is marked by a distinctive ring, as growth increases in spring and slows the following winter. The oldest trees on Earth are a few thousand years old, but tree ring dating (or "dendrochronology") has been pushed back 26,000 years by comparing living trees with buried logs of increasing age (Friedrich et al. 2004; Stuiver et al. 1986).
Dating by tree rings, or dendrochronology, provides a continuous record back more than 20,000 years. Tree rings also preserve data on forest fires, climate change, and other environmental conditions. Source: Wikicommons; photograph by Mark A. Wilson
Sedimentary rocks, too, can display annual layerings, or "varves," that result from seasonal differences in sediment deposition (Fig. 2) (Kemp 1996). The most dramatic varve deposits, such as a meticulously documented 13,527-year sequence in glacial lakes in Sweden, occur as thin alternating light and dark layers, representing coarser-grained spring sediments and finer winter sediments, respectively. Ancient varved deposits sometimes preserve much longer time spans: the finely laminated Green River shale in Wyoming features continuous vertical sections with more than a million such layers (Fig. 3).
Annual rock layerings, or varves, occur as the rate of sedimentation changes from season to season. Source: Wikicommons; photograph by Benutzer Grabenstedt
The Green River Shale in Wyoming and Utah displays more than a million annual layers, or varves, in places. Photo courtesy of David Haggard
The oldest annual layers are extracted from ice cores, whose laminae arise from seasonal variations in snowfall (Fig. 4). A 2,000-meter ice core from East Antarctica reveals 160,000 annual layers of accumulation, year-by-year, snow layer by snow layer. And those annual layers rest atop another 2,000 meters of ice, which sit on vastly older rocks. Similar ages of ice cores comprise Greenland's thick glacial deposits. The obvious conclusion is that at least a million years is needed to account for many surficial deposits of sediment and ice. Earth must be much older than that, but how old?
Ice cores from Antarctica and Greenland reveal hundreds of thousands of years of snow accumulation. Source: Wikicommons; photograph by Eric Cravens, USGS/National Ice Core Laboratory
Geologic Rates
Slow, inexorable changes of Earth's dynamic surface provide a vivid, if approximate, measure of deep time. Consider three simple "back-of-the-envelope" calculations. First, how old is the big island of Hawaii? The massive Hawaiian Islands rose from the Pacific as volcanoes periodically added layers of lava (Fig. 5). From modern-day eruptions, we know that active volcanoes grow by perhaps a meter every century. The highest point on the big island of Hawaii is Mauna Kea at 4,205 meters above sea level. However, the volcano rises approximately 10,200 meters above the ocean floor, so a rough calculation gives its age:
The Hawaiian Islands are a chain of volcanoes, each formed from layer after layer of lava. Mauna Kea, Hawaii's tallest volcano, took approximately 500,000 years to grow to its present height of 4,180 meters. A new island dubbed Loihi is now forming south of the big island. Source: Wikicommons; photograph by NASA
This is a rough estimate, to be sure, but it jives well with other methods that date the big island of Hawaii as about a million years old. The other islands that string out to the northwest, each with now-dormant volcanoes, are progressively older (and a new island, dubbed Loihi, is already forming as volcanoes erupt on the ocean floor southeast of the big island).
You can do a similar calculation to date the Atlantic Ocean, which is about 3,700 kilometers wide and grows wider every year. The near perfect fit of the East Coast of South America with the West Coast of Africa provided key evidence for plate tectonics, the idea that Earth's crust is broken into about a dozen thin, brittle plates that shift positions in response to convection in Earth's deep interior. These continents were once joined into the supercontinent Pangaea; the Atlantic Ocean formed when Pangaea split down the middle and formed a divergent boundary, now marked by the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (Fig. 6). New crust forms along the Ridge, as Europe and Africa move away from the Americas. Exacting satellite measurements over the past two decades reveal an average spreading rate of 2.5 centimeters per year, so the approximate age of the Atlantic is easily estimated as:
The Atlantic Ocean formed when the supercontinent Pangaea began to split apart about 200 million years ago. Source: USGS
This rough estimate of about 150 million years is close to other measurements of the age of the Atlantic. It is remarkable to imagine that a great ocean, a seemingly permanent feature of our home planet, is so transient in the context of Earth history.
A third simple calculation reveals even longer time spans. The Appalachian Mountains are now gently rounded and relatively low—mostly below 3,000 meters high (Fig. 7). But geological evidence reveals that they once were the grandest mountain chain on Earth, rivaling the Himalayas in ruggedness and height (with some peaks at more than 10,000 meters). Ever so gradually, erosion has worn the Appalachians down to their present state, but how long might that process take?
The gently rounded Appalachian Mountains (a) were once the tallest and most rugged mountain rage in the world, rivaling the modern Himalayas (b). Hundreds of millions of years of erosion were required to achieve their present appearance. Source: Wikicommons; photographs by Valerius Tygart, Pavel Novak
For the sake of a rough estimate, consider a mountain as a rectangular block about five kilometers high, four kilometers long, and four kilometers wide (that's about 2.5 miles on a side). The volume of this impressive mountain is thus:
Now, imagine a stream that flows down the side of this mountain. Mountain streams carry silt and sand downwards—a key factor in erosion. You'll probably also find coarse gravel and even a few boulders in the stream, the result of occasional flash floods that follow heavy rains. All of these sediments came from higher up the mountain, which is constantly being eroded away.
To estimate how long a mountain might survive against erosion, consider a mountain with six principal streams. A typical stream might carry an average of one-tenth of a cubic meter of rock and soil (a few shovels full) per day off the mountain, though the actual amount would vary considerably from day to day. Over a period of a year, the six streams might thus remove:
That means every year on the order of 220 cubic meters of material, or about 20 dump trucks full of rock and soil, might be removed from a mountain by normal stream erosion. If the mountain streams remove about 220 cubic meters per year, then the lifetime of the mountain can be estimated as the total volume of the mountain divided by the volume lost each year:
This estimate is certainly rough and not directly applicable to any specific mountain. But the lesson is clear: even the grandest mountains can't last more than a few hundred million years. Nevertheless, a few hundred million years is but a small fraction of a few billion years. How can we say Earth is 4.56 billion years old?
Radiometric Dating
The physical process of radioactive decay has provided Earth scientists, anthropologists, and evolutionary biologists with their most important method for determining the absolute age of rocks and other materials (Dalrymple 1991; Dickin 2005). This remarkable technique, which depends on measurements of the distinctive properties of radioactive materials, is called radioisotope geochronology, or simply "radiometric dating."
Trace amounts of isotopes of radioactive elements, including carbon-14, uranium-238, and dozens of others, are all around us—in rocks, in water, and in the air (Table 1). These isotopes are unstable, so they gradually break apart or "decay." Radiometric dating works because radioactive elements decay in predictable fashion, like the regular ticking of a clock. Here's how it works. If you have a collection of one million atoms of a radioactive isotope, half of them will decay over a span of time called the "half life." Uranium-238, for example, has a half life of 4.468 billion years, so if you start with a million atoms and come back in 4.468 billion years, you'll find only about 500,000 atoms of uranium-238 remaining. The rest of the uranium will have decayed to 500,000 atoms of other elements, ultimately to stable (i.e., nonradioactive) atoms of lead-206. Wait another 4.468 billion years and only about 250,000 atoms of uranium will remain (Fig. 8).
Table 1 Common radioactive elements and their half-lives
Radiometric dating relies on the clock-like characteristics of radioactive decay. In one half-life, approximately half of a collection of radioactive atoms will decay. By knowing how many atoms a material started with, and then measuring what's left, you can measure ages of old objects. Source: NCSE
The best-known radiometric dating method involves the isotope carbon-14, with a half life of 5,730 years. Every living organism takes in carbon during its lifetime. At this moment, your body is taking the carbon in your food and converting it to tissue, and the same is true of all other animals. Plants are taking in carbon dioxide from the air and turning it into roots, stems, and leaves. Most of this carbon (about 99%) is in the form of stable (non-radioactive) carbon-12, while perhaps 1% is the slightly heavier stable carbon-13. But a certain small percentage of the carbon in your body and every other living thing—no more than one carbon atom in every trillion—is in the form of radioactive carbon-14.
As long as an organism is alive, the carbon-14 in its tissues is constantly renewed in the same small, part-per-trillion proportion that is found in the general environment. All of the isotopes of carbon behave the same way chemically, so the proportions of carbon isotopes in the living tissue will be nearly the same everywhere, for all living things. When an organism dies, however, it stops taking in carbon of any form. From the time of death, therefore, the carbon-14 in the tissues is no longer replenished. Like a ticking clock, carbon-14 atoms transmute by radioactive decay to nitrogen-14, atom-by-atom, to form an ever-smaller percentage of the total carbon. Scientists can thus determine the approximate age of a piece of wood, hair, bone, or other object by carefully measuring the fraction of carbon-14 that remains and comparing it to the amount of carbon-14 that we assume was in that material when it was alive. If the material happens to be a piece of wood taken out of an Egyptian tomb, for example, we have a pretty good estimate of how old the artifact is and, by inference, when the tomb was built. What's more, scientists have conducted meticulous year-by-year comparisons of carbon-14 dates with those of tree ring chronologies (Reimer et al. 2004). The result: the two independent techniques yield exactly the same dates for ancient fossil wood.
Carbon-14 dating often appears in the news in reports of ancient human artifacts. In a highly publicized discovery in 1991, an ancient hunter was found frozen in the ice pack of the Italian Alps (Fig. 9). "Ötzi the iceman," as he was called, was shown by carbon-14 techniques to date from about 5,300 years ago. The technique provided similar age determinations for the tissues of the iceman, his clothing, and his implements (Fowler 2000).
Ötzi the iceman was discovered in 1991 frozen in the Italian Alps. Carbon-14 dating revealed that he died about 5,300 years ago. Photo courtesy South Tyrol Museum of Archaeology, www.iceman.it
Carbon-14 dating has been instrumental in mapping human history over the last several tens of thousands of years. When an object is more than about 50,000 years old, however, the amount of carbon-14 left in it is so small that this dating method cannot be used. To date rocks and minerals that are millions of years old, scientists must rely on similar techniques that use radioactive isotopes of much greater half-life (Table 1). Among the most widely used radiometric clocks in geology are those based on the decay of potassium-40 (half-life of 1.248 billion years), uranium-238 (half-life of 4.468 billion years), and rubidium-87 (half-life of 47 billion years). In these cases, geologists measure the total number of atoms of the radioactive parent and stable daughter elements to determine how many radioactive nuclei were present at the beginning. Thus, for example, if a rock originally formed a long time ago with a small amount of uranium atoms but no lead atoms, then the ratio of uranium-to-lead atoms today can provide an accurate geologic stop watch.
When you see geologic age estimates reported in scientific publications or in the news, chances are those values are derived from radiometric dating techniques. In the case of the early settlement of North America, for example, carbon-rich campfire remains and associated artifacts point to a human presence by about 13,000 years ago. Much older events in the history of life, some stretching back billions of years, are often based on potassium-40 dating. This technique works well because fossils are almost always preserved in layers of sediments, which also record periodic volcanic ash falls as thin horizons. Volcanic ash is rich in potassium-bearing minerals, so each ash fall provides a unique time marker in a sedimentary sequence. The rise of humans about 2.5 million years ago, the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, the appearance of animals with hard shells starting about 540 million years ago, and other key transitions in life on Earth are usually dated in this way (Fig. 10).
Paleontologists rely on radiometric dating to determine the ages of fossils, such as this 310-million-year-old trilobite, Ameura major, from near Kansas City, Kansas. Photo courtesy Hazen Collection, Smithsonian Institution
The oldest known rocks, including basalt and other igneous formations, solidified from incandescent red-hot melts. These durable samples from the moon and meteorites are typically poor in potassium, but fortunately, they incorporate small amounts of uranium-238 and other radioactive isotopes. As soon as these molten rocks cool and harden, their radioactive elements are locked into place and begin to decay. The most ancient of these samples are several types of meteorites, in which slightly more than half of the original uranium has decayed to lead. These primordial space rocks, the leftovers from the formation of Earth and other planets, yield an age of about 4.56 billion years for the nascent solar system. The oldest known moon rocks, at about 4.46 billion years, also record these earliest formative events (Norman et al. 2003).
Earth must have formed at about the same time, but our restless planet's original surface has now eroded away. Only a few uranium-rich, sand-sized grains of the hardy mineral zircon, some as old as 4.4 billion years, survive (Wilde et al. 2001). Nevertheless, uranium-bearing rocks, on every continent provide a detailed chronology of the early Earth (Hazen et al. 2008, 2009). The oldest Earth rocks, at about four billion years, point to the early origins of continents. Rocks from almost 3.5 billion years ago host the oldest unambiguous fossils—primitive microbes and dome-like structures called stromatolites, which formed their rocky homes (Fig. 11). Distinctive uranium-rich sedimentary formations and layered deposits of iron oxides from about 2.5 to 2.0 billion years document the gradual rise of atmospheric oxygen through photosynthesis (Hazen et al. 2008, 2009). Indeed, every stage of Earth history has been dated with exquisite accuracy and precision thanks to radiometric techniques.
Stromatolites, such as this 2.45-billion-year-old example from the Tervola Region of northwest Finland, form by microbial action. Radiometric methods provide an accurate approach to dating such ancient sediments. Photo courtesy of Dominic Papineau
Created Antiquity
Overwhelming observational evidence confirms that Earth history is the story of the co-evolving geospheres and biospheres: Life has changed continuously over the course of Earth history. As the work of Eugenie Scott has so forcefully defended, Earth must be billions of years old (Scott 2009). However, such a conclusion is at odds with the doctrine of many Christian fundamentalists, who believe in the literal Biblical chronology of a universe no more than about 10,000 years old. How can science respond to such adamant claims?
The testimony of the rocks is unambiguous: an enormous body of observational evidence points to the reality of deep time. Annual ice and rock layerings reveal a million years of Earth history. Geologic rates of mountain building, erosion and plate tectonics demand hundreds of millions of years. Radiometric dating pushes the history back billions of years. And when these techniques overlap, their independent estimates of the timing of ancient events are internally consistent. Any claim that Earth's age is 10,000 years or less defies the overwhelming and unambiguous observational evidence, not to mention the laws of physics and chemistry. Such a "young-Earth" chronology is based entirely on a rigid, some would say idiosyncratic, reading of certain translations of the Bible. There is no science in "scientific creationism," nor intelligence in "intelligent design."
The only alternative for a person who believes in a young Earth is that God has falsified Earth's record to test our faith—a conclusion first expounded by the exacting American naturalist and devout believer Philip Gosse in 1857 (Gosse 1998). In his treatise Omphalos (named for the Greek "navel," because motherless Adam was created with a navel so as to look as if born by woman), Gosse catalogues hundreds of pages of unambiguous evidence for an ancient Earth. And then, remarkably, he proceeds to describe how God created everything 10,000 years ago to look much older!
Some readers may find comfort in this unfalsifiable Creationist loophole of "created antiquity" or "prechronism." We observe stars and galaxies that are billions of light years away so one might conclude that light has been traveling through space for all those billions of years. But, no, according to the doctrine of created antiquity, the universe was created with light from those stars and galaxies already on its way to Earth. We observe rocks with characteristic ancient ratios of radioactive and daughter isotopes. Presumably, the rocks are ancient. But no, those rocks were created with just the right mixtures of uranium, lead, potassium, and carbon to make them appear much older than they really are.
Here, scientists are stymied. It is difficult to imagine any experiment or observation that could disprove the doctrine of created antiquity. Any result of any measurement that reveals evidence for deep time, no matter what it is, can be dismissed—explained away as misleading and false just by saying "God created the universe that way to look much older." But the implications of such a contention are devastating to rational thought. I refuse to accept the idea that any God would bestow such precious gifts as our senses and reason, seemingly to understand His creation, and then try to fool us.
This inflexible characteristic of young-Earth creationist arguments proves to be their Achilles' heel in scientific debates. Every scientific idea must be testable by observations or experiments that can be independently confirmed. In principle, it must be possible to imagine outcomes that would prove the proposition wrong. Without such independent confirmation, a hypothesis cannot be considered scientific. Created antiquity is not falsifiable. Consequently, the teaching of young-Earth creationism, as well as any other doctrine based on a miraculous creation of life, has been repeatedly prohibited in public schools not because the doctrine was proved wrong, but because it simply is not science. As the US Supreme Court ruled in Edwards v. Aguillard (1987), creationism is a religious belief that is inherently untestable by the techniques of science (Working Group on Teaching Evolution 1998).
Many lines of evidence point to the unfathomable antiquity of Earth. As this article has discussed, geologists employ annual layerings of rock, gradual changes of Earth's surface, and the inexorable decay of radioactive elements to confirm the vastness of geologic time. More than a dozen other techniques also provide reliable age determinations: fission-track dating based on gradual accumulation of radiation damage, thermochronology based on the slow diffusion of atoms through rocks, methods that rely on surface weathering rates or even on the slow growth of lichens. These and other measures of deep time are independent yet yield the same unassailable results. Geologic data are complemented by insights from astrophysics (see Krauss this issue) and biology (see Padian this issue).
The lessons of the rocks, stars, and life are equally clear. If you would choose to understand Earth then you must divorce yourself from the inconsequential temporal or spatial scale of a human life. We live on a single tiny world in a cosmos of a hundred billion galaxies, each with a hundred billion stars. Similarly, we live day by day in a cosmos aged hundreds of billions of days. If you would seek for meaning and purpose in the cosmos, you will not find it in any privileged status in space or time. Rather, Earth and the heavens declare the glory of a cosmos bounded by natural laws that lead inevitably, inexorably to a universe that is learning to know itself.
Dalrymple GB. The age of the earth. Stanford: Stanford University Press; 1991.
Dickin AP. Radiogenic isotope geology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2005.
Fowler B. Iceman: Uncovering the life and times of a prehistoric man found in an alpine Glacier. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 2000.
Friedrich M, Remmele S, Kromer B, Hofmann J, Spurk M, Kaiser KF, et al. The 12, 460-year Hohenheim oak and pine tree-ring chronology from central Europe — A unique annual record for radiocarbon calibration and paleoenvironment reconstructions. Radiocarbon. 2004;46:1111–22.
Gosse P. Omphalos: An attempt to untie the geological knot, reprint edition. New Haven: Oxbow; 1998.
Hazen RM, Trefil JS. Science matters: Achieving scientific literacy. 2nd ed. New York: Anchor; 2009.
Hazen RM, Papineau D, Bleeker W, Downs RT, Ferry JM, McCoy TJ, et al. Mineral evolution. Am Mineral. 2008;93:1693–720.
Hazen RM, Ewing R, Sverjensky DA. Uranium and thorium mineral evolution. Am Mineral. 2009;94:1293–311.
Kemp AES, Editor. Palaeoclimatology and Palaeoceanography from Laminated Sediments. Geological Society Special Publication 116. London: Geological Society; 1996.
Norman MD, Borg LE, Nyquist LE, Bogard DD. Chronology, geochemistry, and petrology of a ferroan noritic anorthosite clast from Descartes breccia 67215: Clues to the age, origin, structure, and impact history of the lunar crust. Meteoritics Planet Sci. 2003;38:645–61.
Reimer PJ, Baillie MGL, Bard E, Bayliss A, Beck JW, Bertrand CJH, et al. INTCAL04 terrestrial radiocarbon age calibration, 0-26 cal kyr BP. Radiocarbon. 2004;46(3):1029–58.
Scott EC. Evolution vs. creationism: An introduction. 2nd ed. Westport: Greenwood; 2009. p. 384.
Stuiver M, Kromer B, Becker B, Ferguson CW. Radiocarbon age calibration back to 13, 300 years BP and the 14C age matching of the German oak and US bristlecone pine chronologies. Radiocarbon. 1986;28:969–79.
Trefil JS, Hazen RM. The sciences: An integrated approach. 6th ed. Hoboken: Wiley; 2010.
Wilde SA, Valley JW, Peck WH, Graham CM. Evidence from detrital zircons for the existence of continental crust and oceans on the Earth 4.4 Gyr ago. Nature. 2001;409:175–8.
Working Group on Teaching Evolution. Teaching about evolution and the nature of science. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences Press; 1998.
Geophysical laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, DC, 20015, USA
Robert M. Hazen
Correspondence to Robert M. Hazen.
Portions of this article have been adapted from Hazen and Trefil (2009) and Trefil and Hazen (2010).
Hazen, R.M. How Old is Earth, and How Do We Know?. Evo Edu Outreach 3, 198–205 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12052-010-0226-0
Geochronology
Carbon-14 dating
Uranium-lead dating
Prechronism
Deep time


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Christian Dior SA is a France-based holding company engaged in the production and distribution of consumer goods. The Company has six principal product lines: Haute Couture, marketed under the Christian Dior Couture brand; Wines and Spirits, including the Moet & Chandon, Veuve Clicquot, Hennessy, Dom Perignon brands, among others; Fashion and Leather Goods, comprising the Louis Vuitton, Fendi, Marc Jacobs and Kenzo brands , among others; Perfumes and Cosmetics, including the Guerlain, Givenchy, Christian Dior brands, among others; Watches and Jewelry, comprising the TAG Heuer, Chaumet and Zenith brands and others, and Selective Retailing, such as the Sephora, DFS and Le Bon Marche brands, among others. The Company distributes its products through the Company-owned shops and licensed distributors in Europe, the United States, Japan and Asia Pacific. Christian Dior SA operates through over 400 subsidiaries around the world.
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Christian Dior : Communiqué financier Résultats annuels 2018


The 1st Biannual Summer School on Control of Surgical Robots was held in Verona from the 5th to the 9th of September. The school was organised by the Altair Robotics Lab, the IEEE Robotics and Automation Society and MURAB project (MRI and Ultrasound Robotic Assisted Biopsy); it was focused on control, teleoperation, human-robot interaction and cognitive aspects of robotic surgery. The students of the school were mainly from Europe, but a number of students arrived from the USA, from Asian countries such as China, Japan and Kazakhstan, moreover one of the students came from South America.
During the first days of the school, we could hear the interesting presentations of illustrious and highly experienced researchers of the area of surgical robots and medical informatics. Without being exhaustive, the lectures included the speech of Prof. Guang-Zhong Yang from Imperial College London about perceptual docking, Prof. Marco Zenati from Harvard Medical School about the reduction of surgical errors and Prof. Paolo Fiorini from Università di Verona about image guidance in robotic prostate biopsy. In addition Prof. Joel Burdick fromCaltech USA made a presentation about the compelling progress of his lab in the recovery of patients with spinal cord injury by spinal stimulation, and Tamás Haidegger from Óbuda University also gave a lecture about human-robot interfaces. Lectures were accompanied by a lab tour to the depth of the Altair Robotics Lab's reseach.
In the second half of the week the school went on practical lessons. We were able to work on ultrasound imaging; we could try multiple US probes on US phantoms, and also performed basic measurements. The other part of the practical lessons were based on teleoperation; we had to implement and analyse the behavior of different teleoperation methods using haptic paddles (see the photo). Finally the students were separated to groups of four to choose an US or teleoperation project to work on. Our group preferred teleoperation like other four, two groups choose US imaging, and three decided to mix the two. Even though not all of the groups were able to finish the projects due to the lack of time; we all could learn a lot about medical informatics on the lectures and also by practice.


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Q: django rest framework detail_route not working in get method I defined a viewset using ModelViewSet as follow
I tried to redefine the GET method to do something like getting something from celery . but this part of code just won't work , it acts just like a standard API and didn't do what I wrote in the get_job_detail function.
How should I correctly define the "detail_route" function.
views.py
class JobViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    queryset = job.objects.all()
    serializer_class = JobSerializer

    @detail_route(methods=['get'])
    def get_job_detail(self, request, pk=None):
        # print('these part wont proceed')
        job_item = self.get_object()
        if job_item.isReady or job_item.isSuccessful:
            return Response(self.serializer_class(job_item).data)
        celeryjob = sometask.AsyncResult(pk)
        celeryjob.get()
        if celeryjob.state == 'SUCCESS':
            job_item.state = celeryjob.state
            job_item.result = celeryjob.result
            job_item.isReady = True
            job_item.isSuccessful = True
            job_item.save()
        if celeryjob.state == 'FAILURE':
            job_item.state = celeryjob.state
            job_item.result = celeryjob.result
            job_item.isReady = True
            job_item.isSuccessful = False
            job_item.save()
        return Response(self.serializer_class(job_item).data)

urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url, include

from apply_api import views
from rest_framework.routers import DefaultRouter

router = DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'job',views.JobViewSet)

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^', include(router.urls)),
]

A: now your correct url is: /job/<pk>/get_job_detail if you want just: /job/<pk> you don need to use @detail_route just rename your method to the def retrieve(self, request, *args, **kwargs): more details retrievemodelmixin one of the part class of the modelviewset

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HomeBreaking newsPresident Buhari Speaks About 2019 Elections, What Nigerians Should Expect
President Buhari Speaks About 2019 Elections, What Nigerians Should Expect
October 17, 2018 Joy Peace Breaking news
– President Buhari assured Nigerians the 2019 elections will be fair
– He said the political atmosphere has also improved
– The president said this is evident in the number of political parties
President Muhammadu Buhari has assured Nigerians and the international community that the 2019 general elections will be free and fair.
This was contained in a statement by Femi Adesina on Tuesday, October 16.
The president said the 2019 election will also usher another clime of maturity, peace and unity. He noted that there was more political consciousness in the country evident by the increased number of registered political parties.
President Buhari, who received Letters of Credence from four ambassadors at the State House, including the Ambassador of the Peoples' Republic of Japan, Yutaka Kikuta, said the country's political and electoral institutions have continued to evolve in strength, skill and experience after each election.
"We are currently at the threshold of another general election and after five general elections in the country since 1999, we expect that the 2019 elections will be free and fair. The political system is good and if people work hard they will succeed," the president said.
President Buhari also said the increase in number of political parties that will field candidates in 2019 elections indicates more democratic consciousness among Nigerians and willingness to serve the country.
Receiving Letter of Credence from the ambassador of the Russian Federation, Alexey Shebarshin, the president noted that discussions on reviving the Ajaokuta Steel Complex, partnerships in agriculture and other bilateral interests in trade and economic development will be sustained, commending the country for always standing by Nigeria.
"We have opened discussions on the Ajaokuta Steel Complex, and we will continue," President Buhari added.
The president told the ambassador of the Federative Republic of Brazil, Richardo Guerra De Araujo, that the historical ties between both countries and the shared potentials for growth will be further explored, with strong emphasis on economic and social development.
He said the number of Nigerians in Brazil already provide a strong reason for deeper and richer discussions for both countries.
Receiving the Letter of Credence of the ambassador of United Arab Emirates, Fahad Al Taffaq, President Buhari assured him that Nigeria remains committed to strengthening the bilateral relationship that has existed between both countries for many years.
The president said the courtesies extended to Nigerians in the United Arab Emirates was commendable, assuring the envoy that his administration will continue to strengthen business and trade relations between both countries.
In his remarks, the ambassador of Japan said his country remained grateful for Nigeria's concern and support during the flooding that devastated the country, promising to work hard to further enhance relations in technology, agriculture and trade.
The ambassadors of Russia, Brazil and United Arab Emirates assured the president that they will work hard to ensure improved relations in key sectors of the economy, while wishing Nigeria the best in the forthcoming elections.
Meanwhile, the national chairman of the United Progressive Party (UPP), Chief Chekwas Okorie, has called on Nigerians to vote for President Muhammadu Buhari rather than bringing in Atiku Abubakar for another eight years.
In an interview with Vanguard, Okorie noted that the Buhari administration has done its best although this may not be enough. He however said it was better to stick with Buhari than bringing in the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP).


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Q: How to insert array embedded inside a postgresql custom type I have defined a new type
 CREATE TYPE days_of_week as (
    days integer[]
  );

I have a table as follows:
 create table rr( idd days_of_Week);

I am trying to insert an array in days_of_week like
insert into rr ( idd ) VALUES ( ('{1,3}') );

I get an error: ERROR:  malformed record literal: "{1,3}"
How do I fix this?

A: You could try to use this one;
insert into rr ( idd ) VALUES ( row('{1,3}')::days_of_week );

Also,
insert into rr ( idd ) VALUES ( row('{1,3}') );


A gorgeous recording. Three cuts created on several days in May, 2008, in Sweden, we find Akiyama in full tonal bloom, even more so than he was several years ago on the fine "relator" while Toshi is in the rougher, more angular mode he's been inhabiting in recent years. It's an exquisite balance, filling in each other's gaps with precision and delicacy. The first track seems to have been assembled out of material from three dates so, in that instance, we're not dealing fully with a live improvisation but the transitions are inaudible to these ears so that it, in particular, stands as a wonderfully beguiling construction, free-flowing and subtly conversational. Nakamura gets even harsher on the second cut, pulling at the delicate fabric, not quiet tearing it; very exciting. The third and longest has a more patchwork aspect, the whole not quite working together but still containing some beautiful moments, Akiyama perhaps playing more melodically than elsewhere on the disc, Toshi more violently. A keeper.
A nom de musique for Basque musician Aitor Izagirre. Having recently read "Noise and Capitalism", I'm somewhat tempted to approach a release from adjacent quarters differently....but with this one there's not much for me to get a handle on aside from its surface aspect which I don't find very compelling. The first of two tracks is very electronic-music sounding in the sense of things I grew up with, i.e., shortwave radio, feedback-y tones, analog synth-y loopiness, etc. mixed in, to be sure, with ultrahigh sines, crackles and grime. The second fares better, several plies of burred static in varying degrees of wooliness, though nothing you haven't heard before. I know, "innovation" shouldn't be a criterion and it's not, really, it's just that there's an unavoidable sense of sameness about it, something that's not the case with the next item on the same label.
Now, this is more like it. "Firstness" doesn't matter, of course, but I know when Rowe finally added a computer to his arsenal, presumably after having been dissatisfied with the results he was getting from various software, he began using a contact mic to pick up its internal workings. Julian does something similar here, using a "telephone induction coil plugged directly into the computer", picking up activity that was built into the machine. Saliently, he writes that "credit for this piece should go to the machine's designers in New York and the people on the assembly line in the IBM factory in China where the computer was built". I find that it makes the piece all the more rewarding keeping that in mind, even if I might grant Julian a bit more credit for having the sense to unearth these absorbing sounds, making a tone of choices, etc.; a 50/50 balance seems about right. The sounds are fascinating in their own right and the sequencing, dynamics and textural shifts are assured. Hard not to think of "the ghost in the machine" at points...Beautiful recording, definitely one to hear.
yeah I'm very into the Tetuzi/Toshi. They are two of my favorites, so it's hard to go wrong by me, but after the sludge of "Omni" the absolute clarity of this release hits the spot. Toshi's work on the first track makes my ears tingle. "In Search Of Wild Tulips" on Bombax catches Tetuzi/Toshi in a similar mode but in great Swedish company.


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BUN Chapter 21: Night Talk, Warm Heart
BUNIdleTurtle	13th August 2020
The two small people listened to Tang Sibo's whispered words, from the beginning of excitement to gradually being swept over by sleep. Tang Sibo's heart felt so soft that he couldn't help bowing his head and gave each of them a forehead kiss. Su Fu looked at the scene from the side and smiled slightly.
The children were smoothed down one by one and covered with blankets. Only then did Tang Sibo and Su Fu manage to take a bath themselves.
After taking a bath, Su Fu sat down on the bed. He picked up his cell phone and looked at it. Today, he didn't have time to look at his cell phone. Now that he turned it on, he saw one text message from Su Jing.
Su Jing was Su Fu's younger sister. She was 6 years younger than him and was now 21. She was a senior at V University in City B. When they were children, both brother and sister had very good feelings. Su Fu loved his younger sister very much. Su Jing also depended on her brother. When they grew up, their feelings remained good. Until Su Fu went to S City for college. Their affections lessened because they got together less often.
If the real relationship between the brother and sister was less affectionate due to distance, it became further strained after Su Fu came out of the closet. His sister, like his parents, couldn't accept homosexuality. At that time, Su Jing was still in high school. It was a time of intense study and rebellion. She was very angry about her brother giving up his family for a man. She also felt that her brother being gay made her unable to lift her head. She also threatened to break off the brother-sister relationship with Su Fu.
However, Su Fu still chose He Shaoqi at that time, which was why Su Fu felt very guilty toward Su Jing and had been trying his best to make up to her. However, he could only call her every month since Su Jing didn't want to see him. She rarely even answer her phone and even texting him was rare.
The text message was simple and clear – send 5,000 yuan. There wasn't even a punctuation mark. (T/N: ?)
Su Fu looked at the text message and frowned. He sent Su Jing 3,000 yuan in early September. He knew that his parents would also give her 2,000 yuan a month. The cost of living couldn't be higher than 5,000 yuan a month. It hadn't been more half a month. But Su Jing wanted another 5,000 yuan. What does she need it for?
When he associated this with what he heard from his parents' conversation in the restaurant today, about Su Jing not coming home all summer and not planning to return for the Mid-Autumn Festival, Su Fu was a little worried. She was a young girl and had been out alone for so long. Now she wanted so much money, did something happen?
Although he had some doubts in his heart, Su Fu still transfer the money. He replied by text that he would call her tomorrow. By the way, he asked her how she was doing in City B and if there's anything wrong.
There's no reply after his text message was sent. Maybe it was too late, and she went to bed, or maybe she didn't want to reply at all.
Su Fu's heart was filled with worries about Su Jing and his parents. Thinking about what happened at the restaurant today, Su Fu couldn't sleep. He looked at the two children, then covered the blankets for them. He went out of the room softly and sat down in the living room.
There're still two days to go before the Mid-Autumn Festival. Originally, Su Fu was ready to buy some supplements to send via express delivery to his parents' house, just as he used to do for past holidays. He held the lucky mentality that his parents might accept them one day. But after today, Su Fu decided to go in person. He wouldn't ask his parents to forgive him, but only hoped to get a chance to visit them from time to time.
At the He family's home, during the Mid-Autumn Festival in previous years, Su Fu would also prepare a gift, which mother He reluctantly accepted. Did he want to send it this year? Su Fu thought, although he and He Shaoqi had a six-month agreement, but at this moment, after all, they broke up, there's no need to go to beg mother He, but Juan Juan was still here. He was part of their He family.
After thinking about it, Su Fu decided to prepare a set. Tomorrow he would go to the He family to collect his own things and Juan Juan's. On the way, he would also send them a Mid-Autumn Festival gift. This courtesy wouldn't look too ugly.
"Still awake?" Tang Sibo took two cups of hot milk and smiled as he came over to pass one to Su Fu.
"Thank you, I'm not sleepy." Su Fu took the milk and smiled at him.
Tang Sibo sat down beside him and drank the milk quietly.
The TV wasn't on. It was late at night, and the living room seemed very quiet. It was so quiet that Su Fu could almost hear the sound of Tang Sibo swallowing milk. It was so quiet that Su Fu could only follow and drink milk silently.
"In a bad mood?"
Just when Su Fu felt so quiet that he began to meditate, Tang Sibo finished drinking his milk and put the cup on the tea table.
Su Fu froze. He looked at him with one eye and habitually shook his head.
Tang Sibo smiled, stared at Su Fu and asked softly: "Teacher Su likes to hold things in your mind. Can you enlighten this student?"
Knowing that he was joking, Su Fu smiled and looked down at the drop of milk at the mouth of the cup that slowly slid downward until it merged with the rest of the milk, leaving no trace behind to be found.
After a long time, Su Fu replied, "I'm different from you. There're some things that I can't tell other people."
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"That's because you haven't found the right person."
Su Fu was surprised for a moment and turned to look at Tang Sibo. Tang Sibo relaxed and leaned against the back of the sofa with a smile on his face, as if to say 'I'm ready and all ears'.
He didn't know why, but at that moment Su Fu felt that a string that often tightened his heart suddenly loosened. The corners of his mouth couldn't help bending up slightly. He agreed that he needed someone to talk to.
"I lost my composure in front of Mr. Tang during dinner today." Su Fu chose such a beginning to narrate his own thoughts. His plain voice carried many unknown feelings.
"Men do not shed tears lightly, unless it comes to grief." Tang Sibo replied softly, telling Su Fu that it wasn't shameful to cry. He could pour out his sorrow.
Su Fu shook his head slightly and sighed, "I'm not sad. I'm very happy, but my heart is also aching too much. That restaurant is owned by my parents. I haven't seen them for a long time. I haven't been able to take a good look at them since I came out of the closet and got kicked out of the house."
Speaking of which, Su Fu paused and rubbed his hands against the milk cup. He didn't feel difficult or uneasy. He hadn't talked about his sexuality with Tang Sibo. Before Tang Luoke talked about his absence of a mother, Su Fu naturally thought that Tang Sibo was divorced. He also naturally thought that Tang Sibo was a straight man. At that time, he was a little worried about whether Tang Sibo would also dislike homosexuality. If so, he wouldn't continue to speak.
Su Fu couldn't have known that Tang Sibo guessed his sexual orientation as early as when he met him in City B. Tang Sibo's good friend, Li Chao, was also bent. There's also homosexuality involved in the Tang family's secret. Tang Sibo had always known about homosexuality since childhood and would never be biased against it. As for Tang Sibo's own sexual orientation, he hadn't met anyone who made him enchanted so far. He also abstain and didn't mess around outside. So, he wasn't clear about his sexual orientation, nor did he care.
The fact that the owner of the restaurant was Su Fu's father, Tang Sibo had also guessed seven or eight points today. He wasn't surprised and said: "I think uncle was still speaking up for the boy. It doesn't look like…"
Seeing that Tang Sibo wasn't disgusted and held a natural attitude, Su Fu felt relieved. He shook his head and continued, "My parents were so disgusted that they threw me out of the house. I haven't seen them for a long time. I was beaten once when I went back. I took them gifts during festivals and was driven out with my things. Later, I didn't dare to go back. First, I'm afraid that when they see me, their heart will be uncomfortable. Second, I'm really afraid. I can't stand the way they hate me…"
Once Su Fu talked about this, his hand began to shake. The little amount of milk left in the cup was shaking slightly.
Tang Sibo reached over and put the cup on the tea table for him while comforting him: "Now, uncle isn't that intolerable, is he?"
Su Fu nodded. He wanted to smile but still felt a little sour. "I don't know when my father changed. When I left the restaurant today, I felt that he saw me. I sat in the car and watched him look toward the side of the car. At that moment, I understand everything. He has been changing for me. My parents still love me. They also want me and think about me. My retreat chills their hearts, leaving them only hardened and unable to find an opportunity to forgive me."
"Parents love their children. They just can't accept it for a while. They will never really blame you for life."
Su Fu tried his best to endure tears to make himself look less vulnerable. "If I had used more gifts and go back to see them more, maybe this wouldn't have been the situation. Now I feel terrible when I think of my parents secretly paying attention to homosexuality and slowly changing their preconceptions. I should have been with them through the process. All of this shouldn't have been born by them. I only think that they blame me and hate me but forget that they also love me."
The sadness in his heart burst out. Su Fu's tears finally fell down. He could no longer hold them back.
Tang Sibo wanted to take out a handkerchief, only to realize that he was wearing a night cloth and didn't have a handkerchief on his body. Instead, he took the paper towel on the tea table, folded it into a square and handed it to Su Fu.
Su Fu took the paper towel, looked at the square appearance, and almost smiled through his tears. He wiped his tears, then said thank you.
"It's not too late for you to find out. You still have a chance to get forgiveness from your parents. Your parents also have a chance to readmit their son. Everything is still in time. You should be happy, shouldn't you?" Tang Sibo looked at Su Fu with a smile. His slightly low voice seemed to have the power to soothe the heart.
Calming down his emotions, Su Fu bent up his lips slightly and said to Tang Sibo, "Yes, I should be happy. I still have a chance to visit them during the Mid-Autumn Festival, even if I get beaten."
Tang Sibo saw that he was very confident, so he smiled and nodded. In his mind, he felt some regrets as he thought of the Tang family's past.
"One should be kind and filial toward parents while there's still time. The hatred between parents and children will hurt both sides."
Su Fu felt the same way, nodded vigorously and asked, "Do you know something?"
Tang Sibo smiled and shook his head. "No, it's just a reminder from my elders' generation. Homosexuality was less acceptable at that time than it is now. It really causes a lot of harms and left behind many painful regrets up to now…"
At this point, Tang Sibo realized that he had spoken too much. He shook his head with a sigh and gave a smile. He looked at Su Fu and said, "Fight on, Teacher Su is so good and filial. I believe that uncle and aunt will slowly accept it."
"Good, fight on!" After the talk, Su Fu, who was feeling better, took the milk cup from the tea table and poured it down his throat within a few mouthfuls. The bottom of his heart called out 'Comfortable!'
Tang Sibo smiled. Since Su Fu drank it all before he could stop it, he could only say helplessly, "Isn't it all cold?"
"No, it's warm and delicious."
When in a good mood, everything feels good.
Seeing that it was getting late, Tang Sibo reminded, "Go to sleep. Don't hold back anything later. It will be more comfortable to say it."
Su Fu nodded and sighed with emotion: "There was no one to talk with before, now…"
"Now you can talk to me," said Tang Sibo with a smile. "Teacher Su works hard to teach and educate students. As a parent, I should share some burden with you."
Su Fu ha ha smiled. He was also not melodramatic and gratefully thanked him.
Tang Sibo put the cup into the kitchen sink. Su Fu saw him come out and turned off the light in the living room. The two went upstairs together under the light of the corridor.
"When will you move to Jinghe?" Tang Sibo asked.
Su Fu thought for a moment and answered, "I'll move some things tomorrow. There's not much. I'll take a leave at noon to pick them up."
They were at the corridor upstairs. The two people were about to go in different directions. Hearing this, Tang Sibo paused.
"Pick them up?"
Su Fu also paused. His heart felt slightly painful, then dissipated.
"Well, I need to pick up my things from his place. We broke up." After speaking out, it felt much better. It turned out that telling others about his breakup wasn't as painful.
Tang Sibo had no intention of talking about other people's sorrow. He was somewhat sorry, but when he thought of Su Fu's partner, he felt that it was better to break up. That man wasn't worth Su Fu's efforts for him. At least in his bystander's view, he let Su Fu do the research alone, then didn't believe it and even took him there a second time. Such a man wasn't worth spending a lifetime with.
"Don't think too much," Tang Sibo comforted softly. He thought for a moment, then added, "You deserve better."
He turned and went back to his room, leaving Su Fu still standing in the corridor. It had been a long time since he felt such warm. Su Fu had been rejected too much during his stay at the He family that he forgot that he also had his advantages.
Yes, He Shaoqi wasn't the only man in the world. He took his mother's side on everything, he cheated, and covered up everything with an excuse. Then, why shouldn't he, Su Fu, find a better one?
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Navleu
13th August 2020 12:42 pm
Why Su Fu gives so much money to his Sister? That's plain dumb. He can't win her love like that! She must be the one trying to make amends with him.
I hope Tang Sibo's inffluence Will help him to love himself a little more.
Deaslim
Exactly Su Fu deserves so so much better and i hope his life from now on will be fortunate and happy.
Thank you for translating this chapter!
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RSE Chapter 38: Killing is what he wants
BAD Chapter 74: Your Good Friend 'The Best […]
← BUN Chapter 20: Parents, Stay ← BUN Chapter 22: Feelings, He Family


The peak candle fire period is the month of December and Christmas is the peak day.
Here is a good question from one of our readers that is applicable to many.
QUESTION: I need your help. My wife loves candles. We have them all over and honestly they make me a little nervous. I don't like open flames in my house, but I don't want to burst her bubble either. What I need is for her to be careful. Do you have any information, statistics or safety tips I could share with her?
ANSWER: At this time of year especially (the holiday season) people like to use more candles than at other times. Statistically, candles cause approximately 16,000 fires a year in houses that cause about 150 deaths, 1,300 injuries and about $600 million in property damage. The interesting thing with these statistics is that these fires were most often caused by negligence or mistakes.
More than half of all candle fire deaths happen between midnight and 6 am.
More than half of candle fires start because the burning candle is sitting too close to combustibles. I saw this exact thing happen this weekend at my daughter's house when she had a lit candle too close to a flower centerpiece on the table.
The main area of the house for candle fires — about 40 percent of them — is in bedrooms.
Falling asleep when there are lit candles is associated with about 30 percent of deaths and more than 10 percent of all candle fires.
Older adults and children are at the highest risk of death from candle fires.
It appears that fatalities from this type of fire are caused when the candles are actually used as a light source.
•Never leave any burning candle in your house unattended (even if there is a big party going on).
•Never use candles on a Christmas tree. Even if you never intend to light them; someone else might.
•In general, avoid using lighted candles.
•If you intend to use candles, be sure that they are in a sturdy glass, ceramic or metal holder.
•Always place candles where they cannot be knocked over easily.
•Do not allow any children to light a candle, play with matches or use lighters.
•Always set a good example about how to properly use lighters, matches, etc.
•Have an UL approved fire extinguisher conveniently available.
•Make sure that your smoke and fire detectors are functioning properly and never place a candle near a fan.
That's it. Be careful and let's keep the holiday season safe.


Holder had told the House Judiciary Committee in May that he didn't learn about Fast and Furious until a few weeks before. Memos sent to the committee last week show Holder was briefed on the operation as early as July 2010.
Also today the new acting director of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, which ran the operation out of Phoenix, said he was reassigning 11 of his officials in an attempt to remake the agency.
ATF Acting Director B. Todd Jones told reporters the reshuffling will help the agency focus on its "core missions of violent crime and public safety" and bring about "a certain level of accountability" in the wake of the controversy.
"We're going to hit the reset button," said Jones, the successor to Kenneth Melson, who resigned in late August as acting director.
The multiagency operation was meant to take down Mexican drug cartels by letting straw purchases buy guns illegally and tracing the weapons across the border to cartel higher-ups. But about 1,400 guns were lost, and two were later found at the scene of the murder of U.S. Border Patrol Agent Brian Terry.
Jones also acknowledged the existence of another ATF operation that allowed illegally bought guns to make their way into Mexico – a practice called "gunwalking." The operation, known as "Wide Receiver," was run during the George W. Bush administration, starting in 2006 and ending sometime in 2007, according to Jones.
Sen. John Cornyn, R-Texas, indicated he wasn't satisfied with the reassignments.
"Instead of continually reassigning ATF management, Attorney General Holder should come clean on all alleged gun-walking operations," Cornyn said in an emailed statement.
Jones said he would be "surprised" if any other gunwalking operations existed. The agency now has a "heightened awareness" over whether operations involving gunwalking are "appropriate," he said.
The DOJ's inspector general is investigating "Fast and Furious." More staff changes at ATF could occur depending on what the IG investigation finds, Jones said.
Rep. Darrell Issa, R-Calif., chairman of the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee, and Sen. Chuck Grassley, R-Iowa, have been investigating Fast and Furious for months to determine how far knowledge of the program went up in the Justice Department, as well as who authorized it.
Jones also said that his agency's relationship with Mexican officials had become strained because of the controversy. "That's something we're going to have to rebuild," he told reporters.
Stewart Powell of the Washington bureau contributed to this article.