text:
Pentagon Calls Civilian Deaths 'Acceptable': UN Calls Deaths a 'War Crime'
January 23rd, 2016 - by admin
AntiWar.com & Reuters & Al Jazeera America – 2016-01-23 22:01:19
Pentagon Admits to Killing More Civilians in Syria Strikes
Pentagon Admits to Killing
More Civilians in Syria Strikes
Jason Ditz / AntiWar.com
(January 22, 2016) — Though initial reports suggested that the Pentagon was going to offer a more significant number of admissions of civilian casualties in their airstrikes against ISIS, today the Pentagon only admitted to two more civilians killed, both Syrians, in a pair of strikes against Raqqa in July.
The strikes on July 4 and 17, according to the Pentagon statement, killed two civilians and wounded four others. Centcom spokesman Col. Patrick Ryder insisted that ISIS was to blame for the deaths because they operate in "populated areas."
Col. Ryder said the current assessment is that the US strikes against ISIS have "likely" killed 16 people. This is dramatically fewer than the number reported by various human rights groups and other observers, who have put the probable civilian death toll in the hundreds.
In addition to the CENTCOM toll, the Pentagon has confirmed two different incidents this month alone, both against Mosul, and both of which killed a number of civilians. In each case, the Pentagon bragged that the civilians killed were an "acceptable" number, and far fewer than if they'd launched those attacks at different times of day.
Pentagon: New Mosul Strike Destroyed
More Cash, Killed 'Acceptable' Number of Civilians
(January 20, 2016) — Pentagon spokesman Col. Steve Warren has confirmed that on Monday, the US launched its second attack on an ISIS "cash collection point" in as many weeks, destroying another pile of unspecified cash in the middle of the large city of Mosul.
As with the previous incident, there were reports of civilian casualties in the attack, though Col. Warren insisted the Pentagon was willing to accept some civilian deaths in the attack, and that the initial estimates were that they only killed "in the single digits."
Pentagon officials had similarly indicated that in the previous attack they were "comfortable" with civilian casualties in the scores, but that they believed they'd only killed between 7-9. Those deaths have not been formally confirmed by the Pentagon, however, who usually denies reports of civilian deaths as a matter of course.
Col. Warren termed the killings "tragic" but did not indicate that the Pentagon had any qualms about launching such attacks, but warned that ISIS was likely to keep its cash in smaller amounts spread around multiple locations in the future to keep it from getting blown up.
While the first such strike was believed to have destroyed a few million dollars in cash, this latest strike is conspicuous in its lack of details, with officials making no attempt to estimate what they actually destroyed, suggesting the figure will seem less impressive, and less worth the casualties inflicted on the civilian population.
Of course, launching strikes that they know will kill civilian bystanders is widely held to be illegal under international law, and officials made a big deal with the previous attack about launching the strike late at night to limit the number of people around the area. In this case, no such assurances were given.
Recent Strike Targets Mosul
'Cash Collection Point': US Military
Idrees Ali / Reuters
WASHINGTON (January 20, 2016) — US-led coalition air strikes hit a "cash collection point" in the Islamic State's northern Iraqi stronghold of Mosul on Monday, bringing the total strikes on these targets to nine in Iraq and Syria, a US military spokesman said.
"This was the second strike in Mosul in as many weeks against ISIL financial targets," Army Colonel Steve Warren told a Pentagon briefing on Wednesday, using another name for Islamic State. Warren said the coalition had been prepared to accept "some" civilian casualties with the strike.
"Yes, we were prepared to accept civilian casualties in conjunction with this cash strike, it's tragic and it's not something that we want to do," Warren said. He added that initial estimates showed civilian casualties were low and in the "single digits."
Targeting Islamic State's finances is a key part of the coalition's strategy to defeat the group. Iraq's finance minister last year said the militants had looted nearly half a billion dollars from banks in Mosul and the other northern cities of Tikrit and Baiji after its lightning dash across the Syrian border in 2014.
Warren said that along with strikes on Islamic State oil facilities, strikes on the collection points were having an impact.
"As we strike the Daesh cash, as we call it here in Iraq, we are going to see them react to our strikes, whether it's storing their cash in smaller amounts, in multiple locations, or whether it's moving it more often, we don't want to tip them off to what we see," Warren said. Daesh is an Arab acronym for Islamic State.
He added that it was unclear whether currency was in dollars or dinars, and while the exact amount destroyed in the strikes was not known, it was roughly "tens of millions of dollars."
According to Pentagon data, between July 1 and Jan. 13, the coalition reported that it had hit three cash distribution points — one in Mosul and two in Dayr Az Zawr.
Additional reporting by David Alexander.
Russian, Syrian Airstrikes Kill
More than 100 in Mostly ISIL-controlled Areas
Reuters & Al Jazeera America
(January 23, 2016) — Air raids killed scores of people over the past 24 hours in the provinces of Raqqa and Deir al-Zor in northern and eastern Syria, which are mostly controlled by the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) combatants, a monitoring group said on Saturday.
Air strikes carried out by Russian or Syrian warplanes killed at least 29 people in the town of Khasham near the city of Deir al-Zor on Saturday, the Britain-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said.
The death toll in two other towns near Deir al-Zor reached 44, in strikes also carried out by Russian or Syrian warplanes the day before, it said. In Raqqa city, ISIL's de facto capital in Syria, at least 32 people were killed.
Russian jets have been bombing around Deir al-Zor as Syrian pro-government forces clash with ISIL fighters, who control most of the province. The group has besieged remaining government-held areas of the city since last March and last week launched new attacks.
In Raqqa, Russian warplanes have been bombarding ISIL positions. Jets from a US-led coalition have separately struck the group in both Raqqa and Deir al-Zor provinces.
The United States says most of Russia's airstrikes in support of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad are targeting non-ISIL groups in the west of the country, including foreign-backed fighters.


text:
"use strict";

/**
 * Create a scale
 * @param {string[]} titles - Array of possible titles
 * @param {Number[]} intervals - Successive intervals of the scale
 * @param {string} key - Name of the key (ie: C or G#)
 * @constructor
 * @classdesc Scale
 */
Aural.Music.Scale = function(titles, intervals, key) {
	this.titles = titles;
	this.intervals = intervals;
	this.setKey(key || 'C');
};

Aural.Music.Scale.prototype.titles = null;
Aural.Music.Scale.prototype.intervals = null;
Aural.Music.Scale.prototype.key = null;

Aural.Music.Scale.HEMITONIC_TYPE_BASIC = '';
Aural.Music.Scale.HEMITONIC_TYPE_COUNT = 'count';
Aural.Music.Scale.HEMITONIC_TYPE_SUCCESSION = 'succession';

/**
 * Get the hemitonic properties of the scale
 * @param {string} resultType - Desired properties
 * @returns {string}
 */
Aural.Music.Scale.prototype.getHemitonicType = function(resultType) {
	var nbSemitone = 0;
	var maxSuccessive = 0;
	var previous = 0;
	var successive = 0;
	var i, l;

	for(i = 0, l = this.intervals.length; i < l; i++) {
		if(this.intervals[i] === 1) {
			nbSemitone++;

			if(previous === 1) {
				successive++;
				maxSuccessive = Math.max(maxSuccessive, successive);
			}
		}

		previous = this.intervals[i];
	}

	if(this.intervals.length < 12) {
		//iterating a second time to properly count the successive semitones
		for(i = 0, l = this.intervals.length; i < l; i++) {
			if(this.intervals[i] === 1) {
				if(previous === 1) {
					successive++;
					maxSuccessive = Math.max(maxSuccessive, successive);
				}
			}

			previous = this.intervals[i];
		}
	}

	switch(resultType) {
		case Aural.Music.Scale.HEMITONIC_TYPE_COUNT:
			switch(nbSemitone) {
				case 0:
					return 'anhemitonic';
				case 1:
					return 'unhemitonic';
				case 2:
					return 'dihemitonic';
				case 3:
					return 'trihemitonic';
				case 4:
					return 'tetrahemitonic';
				case 5:
					return 'pentahemitonic';
				case 6:
					return 'hexahemitonic';
				case 7:
					return 'heptahemitonic';
				case 8:
					return 'octahemitonic';
				case 9:
					return 'enneahemitonic';
				case 10:
					return 'decahemitonic';
				case 11:
					return 'undecahemitonic';
				default:
					return 'chromatic';

			}
			break;
		case Aural.Music.Scale.HEMITONIC_TYPE_SUCCESSION:
			return (nbSemitone > 0 ? (maxSuccessive > 1 ? 'cohemitonic' : 'ancohemitonic') : 'anhemitonic');
		default:
			return (nbSemitone > 0 ? 'hemitonic' : 'anhemitonic');
	}
};

/**
 * Get the type of the scale
 * @returns {string} Type
 **/
Aural.Music.Scale.prototype.getType = function() {
	switch(this.intervals.length) {
		case 1:
			return 'monotonic';
		case 2:
			return 'ditonic';
		case 3:
			return 'tritonic';
		case 4:
			return 'tetratonic';
		case 5:
			return 'pentatonic';
		case 6:
			return 'hexatonic';
		case 7:
			return 'heptatonic';
		case 8:
			return 'octatonic';
		case 9:
			return 'enneatonic';
		case 10:
			return 'decatonic';
		case 11:
			return 'undecatonic';
		case 12:
			return 'chromatic';
		default:
			return '';
	}
};

/**
 * Get all the notes from the scale
 * @param {Number} [octave=0] - Desired octave for the notes
 * @returns {Aural.Music.Note[]} Notes
 */
Aural.Music.Scale.prototype.getNotes = function(octave) {
	octave = octave || 0;

	var notes = [];
	var current = this.getKeyOffset();

	for(var i = 0, l = this.intervals.length; i < l; i++) {
		notes.push(Aural.Music.Note.createFromMidi(current + octave * 12));
		current += this.intervals[i];
	}

	return notes;
};

/**
 * Get all the notes of the scale as string
 * @returns {string[]} Labels of the notes
 */
Aural.Music.Scale.prototype.getNotesAsLabels = function() {
	var notes = [];
	var current = this.getKeyOffset();
	var label = null;

	for(var i = 0, l = this.intervals.length; i < l; i++) {
		label = Aural.Music.Note.getLabelFromMidi(current);
		notes.push(label[0]);
		current += this.intervals[i];
	}

	return notes;
};

/**
 * Get all the intervals of the scale
 * @return {Aural.Music.Interval[]} Array of intervals
 */
Aural.Music.Scale.prototype.getIntervals = function() {
	var intervals = [];
	var current = 0;

	for(var i = 0, l = this.intervals.length; i < l; i++) {
		intervals.push(Aural.Music.IntervalList.getInterval(current));
		current+= 100 * this.intervals[i];
	}

	return intervals;
};

/**
 * Get all chords contained in the scale
 * @return {Aural.Music.Chord[]} Array of chords
 */
Aural.Music.Scale.prototype.getChords = function(octave) {
	octave = octave || 0;
	var chords = Aural.Music.ChordList.chords;
	var matchingChords = [];

	for(var ic = 0, lc = chords.length; ic < lc; ic++) {
		for(var note = 0; note < 12; note++) {
			var chord = chords[ic].copy(Aural.Music.Note.getLabelFromMidi(note + octave * 12).join(''));
			if(this.containsChord(chord)) {
				matchingChords.push(chord);
			}
		}
	}

	return matchingChords;
};

/**
 * Check whether a given chord is contained within the scale
 * @param {Aural.Music.Chord} chord - Chord
 * @return {boolean}
 */
Aural.Music.Scale.prototype.containsChord = function(chord) {
	var contained = true;

	var chordNotes = chord.getNotesAsLabels();
	var scaleNotes = this.getNotesAsLabels();

	for(var i = 0, l = chordNotes.length; i < l; i++) {
		if(scaleNotes.indexOf(chordNotes[i]) === -1) {
			contained = false;
			break;
		}
	}

	return contained;
};

/**
 * Define the key of the scale
 * @param {string} key - Key
 */
Aural.Music.Scale.prototype.setKey = function(key) {
	var label = Aural.Music.Note.parseLabel(key);
	this.key = label[0];
};

/**
 * Transpose the scale
 * @param {Number} intervals - Number of intervals
 */
Aural.Music.Scale.prototype.transpose = function(intervals) {
	var offset = this.getKeyOffset() + intervals;
	var label = Aural.Music.Note.getLabelFromMidi(offset);
	this.key = label[0];
};

/**
 * Return the offset of the key from C
 * @returns {Number} Offset
 */
Aural.Music.Scale.prototype.getKeyOffset = function() {
	return Aural.Music.Note.getMidiFromLabel(this.key) % 12;
};

/**
 * Create a copy of this scale in another key
 * @param {string} key - Desired key (ie: C, D#, ...)
 * @returns {Aural.Music.Scale} Keyed scale
 */
Aural.Music.Scale.prototype.copy = function(key) {
	return new Aural.Music.Scale(this.titles, this.intervals, key);
};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Angelino is just one of the thousands of deadbeats living in Dark Meat City, a ruthless megalopolis in sunny California. At day, he runs the streets of the city delivering pizzas. At night, he squats a seedy hotel room with his homie Vinz and an army of cockroaches. Following a scooter accident caused by the heavenly vision of Luna, Angelino starts experiencing violent headaches doubled with strange hallucinations. Chased by men in black, Angelino soon realizes he is their target. Following a terrifying manhunt, he is finally captured and learns the truth about his origins: he is half human and half Macho, a creature from the dark matter of the universe.
Shojiro Nishimi is a director of animated films known for his realistic productions and spectacular action scenes. His use of original characters with distinctive proportions immediately attracts his viewers' attention, and his unique, delicate universe is the culmination of his artistic brilliance. He worked as director of animation on Tekkonkinkreet, which was rewarded Best Animated Film at the Japanese Academy Awards.
Run's work mixes traditional illustration, pulp references and urban culture. He created in 2002 the Operation Blackhead short animated film, precursory of the Mutafukaz Graphic Novels. This short film goes around the world in Festivals, and was nominated at the Salt Lake City Sundance Festival in 2003. Run joined Ankama as a Collection Director in 2006. The first volume of Mutafukaz was published the same year. In 2008, he launches the Label 619, proposing Graphic Novels, Comicbooks and Artbooks that all share a common style, including gritty universes, urban-inspired designs, and vintage pop-culture references.


text:
#include "Resources.hpp"

#include <Atema/Renderer/BufferLayout.hpp>
#include <Atema/Graphics/Loaders/ObjLoader.hpp>
#include <Atema/Graphics/Graphics.hpp>
#include <Atema/Graphics/VertexFormat.hpp>

#define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
#include <stb/stb_image.h>

using namespace at;

namespace
{
	const auto materialShaderPath = shaderPath / "GBufferOptions.atsl";

	struct MaterialParameter
	{
		static constexpr size_t InvalidOffset = std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max();

		std::string name;
		Ptr<Image>* imagePtr;
		ConstantValue defaultValue;
		size_t offset = InvalidOffset;
	};

	BufferElementType getElementType(const ConstantValue& constantValue)
	{
		if (constantValue.is<bool>())
			return BufferElementType::Bool;
		else if (constantValue.is<int32_t>())
			return BufferElementType::Int;
		else if (constantValue.is<uint32_t>())
			return BufferElementType::UInt;
		else if (constantValue.is<float>())
			return BufferElementType::Float;
		else if (constantValue.is<Vector2i>())
			return BufferElementType::Int2;
		else if (constantValue.is<Vector2u>())
			return BufferElementType::UInt2;
		else if (constantValue.is<Vector2f>())
			return BufferElementType::Float2;
		else if (constantValue.is<Vector3i>())
			return BufferElementType::Int3;
		else if (constantValue.is<Vector3u>())
			return BufferElementType::UInt3;
		else if (constantValue.is<Vector3f>())
			return BufferElementType::Float3;
		else if (constantValue.is<Vector4i>())
			return BufferElementType::Int4;
		else if (constantValue.is<Vector4u>())
			return BufferElementType::UInt4;
		else if (constantValue.is<Vector4f>())
			return BufferElementType::Float4;

		ATEMA_ERROR("Invalid type");

		return BufferElementType::Int;
	}

	void writeBufferElement(void* ptr, size_t byteOffset, const ConstantValue& constantValue)
	{
		if (constantValue.is<bool>())
			mapMemory<bool>(ptr, byteOffset) = constantValue.get<bool>();
		else if (constantValue.is<int32_t>())
			mapMemory<int32_t>(ptr, byteOffset) = constantValue.get<int32_t>();
		else if (constantValue.is<uint32_t>())
			mapMemory<uint32_t>(ptr, byteOffset) = constantValue.get<uint32_t>();
		else if (constantValue.is<float>())
			mapMemory<float>(ptr, byteOffset) = constantValue.get<float>();
		else if (constantValue.is<Vector2i>())
			mapMemory<Vector2i>(ptr, byteOffset) = constantValue.get<Vector2i>();
		else if (constantValue.is<Vector2u>())
			mapMemory<Vector2u>(ptr, byteOffset) = constantValue.get<Vector2u>();
		else if (constantValue.is<Vector2f>())
			mapMemory<Vector2f>(ptr, byteOffset) = constantValue.get<Vector2f>();
		else if (constantValue.is<Vector3i>())
			mapMemory<Vector3i>(ptr, byteOffset) = constantValue.get<Vector3i>();
		else if (constantValue.is<Vector3u>())
			mapMemory<Vector3u>(ptr, byteOffset) = constantValue.get<Vector3u>();
		else if (constantValue.is<Vector3f>())
			mapMemory<Vector3f>(ptr, byteOffset) = constantValue.get<Vector3f>();
		else if (constantValue.is<Vector4i>())
			mapMemory<Vector4i>(ptr, byteOffset) = constantValue.get<Vector4i>();
		else if (constantValue.is<Vector4u>())
			mapMemory<Vector4u>(ptr, byteOffset) = constantValue.get<Vector4u>();
		else if (constantValue.is<Vector4f>())
			mapMemory<Vector4f>(ptr, byteOffset) = constantValue.get<Vector4f>();
		else
			ATEMA_ERROR("Invalid type");
	}
}

ModelData::ModelData(const std::filesystem::path& path)
{
	const auto vertexFormat = VertexFormat::create(DefaultVertexFormat::XYZ_UV_Normal_Tangent_Bitangent);

	ModelLoader::Settings settings(vertexFormat);
	settings.flipTexCoords = true;
	settings.vertexTransformation = Matrix4f::createRotation({ Math::HalfPi<float>, 0.0f, 0.0f });

	model = ObjLoader::load(path, settings);
}

MaterialData::MaterialData(const std::filesystem::path& path, const std::string& extension)
{
	/*struct MaterialData
	{
		[optional(MaterialColorBinding < 0)]
		vec4f color;

		[optional(MaterialNormalBinding < 0)]
		vec3f normal;

		[optional(MaterialAOBinding < 0)]
		float ao;

		[optional(MaterialHeightBinding < 0)]
		float height;

		[optional(MaterialEmissiveBinding < 0)]
		vec3f emissive;

		[optional(MaterialMetalnessBinding < 0)]
		float metalness;

		[optional(MaterialRoughnessBinding < 0)]
		float roughness;
	}//*/

	std::vector<MaterialParameter> materialParameters =
	{
		{ "Color", &color, ConstantValue(Vector4f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f)) },
		{ "Normal", &normal, ConstantValue(Vector3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f)) },
		{ "AO", &ambientOcclusion, ConstantValue(1.0f)},
		{ "Height", &height, ConstantValue(1.0f) },
		{ "Emissive", &emissive, ConstantValue(Vector3f(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f)) },
		{ "Metalness", &metalness, ConstantValue(0.0f) },
		{ "Roughness", &roughness, ConstantValue(0.0f) }
	};

	BufferLayout bufferLayout(StructLayout::Default);
	std::vector<size_t> bufferOffsets;

	auto commandPool = Renderer::instance().getCommandPool(QueueType::Graphics);

	size_t textureCount = 0;
	for (auto& materialParameter : materialParameters)
	{
		const auto& name = materialParameter.name;
		auto& texture = *materialParameter.imagePtr;

		const auto fullPath = path.string() + "_" + name + "." + extension;

		// Load the texture data
		int texWidth, texHeight, texChannels;
		stbi_uc* pixels = stbi_load(fullPath.c_str(), &texWidth, &texHeight, &texChannels, STBI_rgb_alpha);

		// The texture was successfully loaded : create a corresponding GPU texture
		if (pixels)
		{
			textureCount++;

			size_t imageSize = texWidth * texHeight * 4;

			// std::max for the largest dimension, std::log2 to find how many times we can divide by 2
			// std::floor handles the case when the dimension is not power of 2, +1 to add a mip level to the original image
			auto textureMipLevels = static_cast<uint32_t>(std::floor(std::log2(std::max(texWidth, texHeight)))) + 1;

			// Fill staging buffer
			auto stagingBuffer = Buffer::create({ BufferUsage::TransferSrc | BufferUsage::Map, imageSize });

			auto bufferData = stagingBuffer->map();

			memcpy(bufferData, pixels, imageSize);

			stagingBuffer->unmap();

			// Free image data
			stbi_image_free(pixels);

			// Create image
			Image::Settings imageSettings;
			//imageSettings.format = ImageFormat::RGBA8_SRGB;
			imageSettings.format = ImageFormat::RGBA8_UNORM;
			imageSettings.width = texWidth;
			imageSettings.height = texHeight;
			imageSettings.mipLevels = textureMipLevels;
			imageSettings.usages = ImageUsage::ShaderSampling | ImageUsage::TransferDst | ImageUsage::TransferSrc;

			texture = Image::create(imageSettings);

			// Copy staging buffer to index buffer
			auto commandBuffer = commandPool->createBuffer({ true });

			commandBuffer->begin();

			commandBuffer->imageBarrier(texture, ImageBarrier::InitializeTransferDst);

			commandBuffer->copyBuffer(stagingBuffer, texture, ImageLayout::TransferDst);

			commandBuffer->createMipmaps(texture, PipelineStage::FragmentShader, MemoryAccess::ShaderRead, ImageLayout::ShaderRead);

			commandBuffer->end();

			Renderer::instance().submitAndWait({ commandBuffer });
		}
		// The texture does not exist : use the default value instead
		else
		{
			const auto elementOffset = bufferLayout.add(getElementType(materialParameter.defaultValue));

			bufferOffsets.emplace_back(elementOffset);
		}
	}

	// Create sampler
	Sampler::Settings samplerSettings(SamplerFilter::Linear, true);

	sampler = Sampler::create(samplerSettings);

	// Create bindings
	DescriptorSetLayout::Settings descriptorSetLayoutSettings;
	descriptorSetLayoutSettings.pageSize = 1;

	uint32_t bindingIndex = 0;

	// Check if we have some elements in the buffer
	if (bufferLayout.getSize() > 0)
	{
		bindingIndex++;

		descriptorSetLayoutSettings.bindings.emplace_back(DescriptorType::UniformBuffer, 0, 1, ShaderStage::Fragment);

		Buffer::Settings bufferSettings;
		bufferSettings.usages = BufferUsage::Uniform | BufferUsage::Map;
		bufferSettings.byteSize = bufferLayout.getSize();

		uniformBuffer = Buffer::create(bufferSettings);
	}

	for (size_t i = 0; i < textureCount; i++)
		descriptorSetLayoutSettings.bindings.emplace_back(DescriptorType::CombinedImageSampler, bindingIndex++, 1, ShaderStage::Fragment);

	descriptorSetLayout = DescriptorSetLayout::create(descriptorSetLayoutSettings);

	// Create descriptor set
	descriptorSet = descriptorSetLayout->createSet();

	bindingIndex = 0;

	void* bufferData = nullptr;

	if (uniformBuffer)
	{
		descriptorSet->update(bindingIndex++, uniformBuffer);

		bufferData = uniformBuffer->map();
	}

	// Initialize AST
	std::vector<UberShader::Option> shaderOptions;

	size_t bufferElementIndex = 0;

	for (auto& materialParameter : materialParameters)
	{
		auto& texture = *materialParameter.imagePtr;

		if (texture)
		{
			shaderOptions.emplace_back("Material" + materialParameter.name + "Binding", bindingIndex);

			descriptorSet->update(bindingIndex++, texture->getView(), sampler);
		}
		else
		{
			writeBufferElement(bufferData, bufferOffsets[bufferElementIndex++], materialParameter.defaultValue);
		}
	}

	if (uniformBuffer)
		uniformBuffer->unmap();

	auto& graphics = Graphics::instance();

	vertexShader = graphics.getShader(*graphics.getUberShader(materialShaderPath, AstShaderStage::Vertex, shaderOptions));
	fragmentShader = graphics.getShader(*graphics.getUberShader(materialShaderPath, AstShaderStage::Fragment, shaderOptions));
}


A person helping an elderly woman to vote in Armenian local elections last year.
Armenian lawmakers on September 6 voted overwhelmingly to increase penalties for giving people cash and other enticements to vote for a particular candidate, party, or programs during elections and referendums.
All 66 deputies who were present in the 101-seat National Assembly voted in favor of the proposal in the first reading of a government-drafted bill to criminalize electoral bribes in any form -- whether a promise of cash or provision of cash on preferential terms, provision of food, services, or other enticements under the guise of charity -- during campaigning periods.
Under the amendments to Armenian criminal statutes, any violation may land the offender in prison for up to six years.
Deputy Justice Minister Artur Hovannisian presented the bill to parliament and urged lawmakers to back it.
"We really need to make sure that citizens make their choices freely," he said, noting that some ways of trying to lure votes currently are punished only with fines of up to 2.5 million drams (about $5,150).
"We find that such deeds amount to vote buying. And today vote buying is criminally punishable," he said.


Online Master's in High Incidence Disabilities at KU.
As of 2016, 13 percent of all students enrolled in public schools in the U.S. received special education services.1 Many of these students have high incidence disabilities—frequently occurring disabilities such as learning disabilities, emotional and/or behavioral disorders, mild cognitive disabilities, and autism spectrum disorder. While these students receive their educational services across many different environments, they will always benefit from being taught by special education teachers who understand their varied and specific needs as well as trained specialists outside the classroom. If you are seeking to serve students with high incidence disabilities, the University of Kansas School of Education offers online graduate-level degree programs for those pursuing licensure as well as for those who are not.
Become part of a multi-tiered system of support for students needing specially designed instruction.
The online master's in high incidence disabilities* gives you a big-picture view of the history and context of special education in the U.S., along with current best practices and methodologies you can apply right away in your classroom or in one-on-one interactions with students needing specially designed instruction. In particular, you'll learn to support students by collaborating with families, paraeducators and other service providers through Individualized Education Program (IEP) meetings.
All coursework and case studies in this program are overseen by the outstanding faculty in the KU Department of Special Education, highly regarded researchers and practitioners in the field of behavioral and learning disabilities. Ours is the #1 graduate special education program in the nation (among public universities), as ranked by U.S. News & World Report,2 reflecting the quality of our students, the education they receive and the caliber of faculty teaching in the department, and our graduates often go on to be respected researchers and educators themselves.
This track* prepares you to seek advanced licensure or endorsement as a special educator teaching students with high incidence disabilities in multiple educational contexts. Students enrolled in the master's program teacher track are required to complete two fieldwork practica that let you apply your coursework to real-world situations, supervised by an expert faculty member in small groups that enable you to have meaningful access to your supervisor's expertise.
This program gives you an overview of special education as it pertains to students with high incidence disabilities. You will learn to assess student knowledge, as well as identify and implement evidence-based practices to increase the success of students with high incidence disabilities, academically as well as behaviorally. You'll also study the principles of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) and learn to utilize multi-tiered systems of support (MTSS). All teacher track students will complete two intensive fieldwork practica in which you'll teach children and youth with disabilities in clinical, residential and/or educational settings. Your experiences will culminate in a master's project: an online portfolio demonstrating your professional growth, work completed and reflections on what you've learned.
Students who complete the teacher track of the online master's in high incidence disabilities program are often licensed teachers who transition to or start a career in special education. Graduates of this program work as specialists, teachers, consultants and resource specialists who support general education teachers in adapting content and learning conditions to better meet the educational needs of students with high incidence disabilities.
*This program is an online Master of Science in Education (M.S.E.) degree in special education with an emphasis in high incidence disabilities.
This track* does not prepare you to seek licensure or endorsement, but it does provide knowledge about the education of students with high incidence disabilities that can be useful to consultants, advocates, and those in administrative or government positions within the field of special education but outside of the classroom.
This program gives you an overview of the education of students with high incidence disabilities. You will learn to assess student knowledge as well as identify and implement evidence-based practices to increase the success of students with high incidence disabilities, academically as well as behaviorally. You will also study the principles of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) and learn to utilize multi-tiered systems of support (MTSS). Your experiences will culminate in a master's project: an online portfolio demonstrating your professional growth, work completed and reflections on what you've learned.
Students who complete the non-teacher track of the online master's in high incidence disabilities program use their knowledge and skills to support students with high incidence disabilities outside of the classroom. These individuals often pursue or begin careers in the field of special education as consultants, advocates, administrators or government specialists.
*This program is an online Master of Science in Education (M.S.E.) degree in special education with an emphasis in high incidence disabilities. It does not lead to initial nor advanced licensure in special education in the state of Kansas.
This program gives you an overview of the education of students with high incidence disabilities. You will learn to assess student knowledge as well as identify and implement evidence-based practices to increase the success of students with high incidence disabilities, academically as well as behaviorally. You will also study the principles of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) and learn to utilize multi-tiered systems of support (MTSS).
Students who complete the licensure endorsement-only track in high incidence disabilities are current teachers seeking a subject-matter licensure endorsement for their credentials so that they can transition to a career in special education. Graduates of this program work as specialists, teachers, consultants and resource specialists who support general education teachers in adapting content and learning conditions to better meet the educational needs of students with high incidence disabilities.
*This online academic program satisfies the requirements for the licensure endorsement in special education in the state of Kansas, but does not fulfill the requirements needed to complete a master's degree.
Review the necessary admissions requirements for the online master's in high incidence disabilities.
Discover the innovative digital tools available to students in KU's online special education graduate programs.


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Armenian expert: Some Arab countries can take advantage of situation in Beirut
The massive explosion in Lebanon's capital Beirut, which was likely caused by an accident, speaks of the serious governance and systemic problems in almost all spheres of that country, Armen Petrosyan, an Armenian expert in Arabic studies, told Panorama.am on Wednesday.
He states that Lebanon has been experiencing a serious economic crisis since October last year, followed by the coronavirus crisis and Tuesday's deadly explosion, which caused numerous casualties and damages.
The expert does not rule out that all this may have political consequences.
"Mass protests against the government are likely to erupt in the country, there will be new dismissals, while the opposition will form a new agenda to come to power," Armen Petrosyan said.
Petrosyan finds it difficult to say how foreign players will react to the Beirut developments, only making some assumptions.
"The Lebanese government has ended up in a deep crisis also a result of this explosion, The government cannot overcome it alone, this is where it needs international support. I think a number of Arab countries can take advantage of the situation in Lebanon to increase pressure on the Lebanese authorities," he said.
The expert stresses in order to overcome the current situation, Lebanon needs serious external financial support coupled with domestic reforms.
"The rich Arab states of the Persian Gulf can provide financial assistance [to Lebanon], linking that support with the policy aimed at weakening Iran's positions. The Lebanese government is not pursuing such a policy at the moment, as it is a Hezbollah-backed government. Therefore, under such conditions, an attempt will be made to diminish the role of Hezbollah, as well as the Iranian influence in Lebanon," he said.
Petrosyan, who is closely following all happenings in the Arab world, almost rules out Israel's involvement in the Beirut blast.
"The Israeli intelligence is working quite carefully, therefore it would not have caused such a humanitarian disaster. If, let's assume, Israel was behind all this, Lebanon would declare a war to the country in response. But I repeat myself, this is an unrealistic scenario," he said.
The death toll from the blast at Beirut's port has risen to at least 100 with over 4,000 wounded.
Officials have linked the explosion to some 2,700 tonnes of confiscated ammonium nitrate that were being stored in a warehouse at the port for six years.
The Lebanese president has declared a three-day mourning in the country.
Number of Armenians killed in Beirut explosion reaches 6 – Foreign Ministry
Young Armenian nurse killed in Beirut blast
FM: Armenia ready to urgently provide assistance to Lebanon
Beirut explosion – in pictures
Foreign Ministry: At least 3 Armenians killed in Beirut blast
Armenian Catholicosate in Antelias damaged in Beirut explosion
Beirut blast death toll reaches 100 with over 4,000 wounded
Pashinyan: We stand by brotherly Lebanon

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


There are few things in life more satisfying than setting a lofty goal and then achieving it through hard work and sacrifice. Honestly, I'm not sure what motivates a man in his Medicare years to attempt a notoriously difficult hunt in some of the highest and most rugged mountains on Earth. The progression from young and invincible to aged and vulnerable is slow and often laced with mental anguish – particularly when contemplating physical limitations imposed by Father Time. Taking a mature bull elk at 9,200 feet with a well-placed arrow while hunting solo the previous year in Arizona may have extended the window, but there were times when it seemed to be closing quickly. That hunt clearly infused some confidence. Nevertheless, uncertainty loomed… did this old graybeard, now sporting multiple shades, have one more mountain hunt left in him?


Herman Miller Chairs are when you have a Tilt and In advance Tilt facility. The Aeron Chair has the Kinemat tilt which moves naturally and effortlessly through a generous 31 degree recline. There is a stress control and Tilt Limiter - a mechanism to limit how far the couch reclines. The chair also has a Forward Tilt center which allows the chair to tilt forward, past the vertical position. This is particularly useful for close computer work. The Pellicle seat and again suspension on Aeron Chairs is made from a highly engineered place. It is quite firm but offers excellent, comfortable support. It includes excellent pressure distribution houses and allows air to flow through, preventing heat build-up and allowing dampness to dissipate. Posturefit is a unique back support mechanism discovered only on Aeron Patio chairs. It has a butterfly shaped pressure pad which supports the lumbar region but as well supports the lower back, underneath the belt line, which various other chairs cannot support. Organized with a pressure wheel, the Posturefit maintains a healthy posture and comfy support when seated for the purpose of long or short periods. There is also a typical lumbar support option that includes a sliding, reversible bar, just like other chairs.
Lovingheartdesigns - Dining chairs kitchen & dining room furniture the home. Shop our selection of dining chairs in the furniture department at the home depot store finder; truck & tool rental; for the pro; linon home decor hyde ash grey wood dining chair set of 2 view the hyde collection in ash grey $ 149 40 $ save $ 40% $ 149 40. Dining room chairs to fit your home decor living spaces. If you've already got a kitchen table you like, it may be time to upgrade your dining chairs the first thing you should know is that dining chairs are broken up into two main categories: side chairs, which don't have armrests, and arm chairs, which do beyond these two primary categories, there's a lot of variation amongst dining chairs. Clearance kirklands home decor, wall decor, furniture. Start your savings now with our biggest selection of clearance furniture and decor with prices lower than $10 on some of our clearance home decor, you can't go wrong! browse our full selection of discount home decor and home furnishings for great deals on your favorite kirkland's items for any room in your home. Buy side chair kitchen & dining room chairs online at. Side chair kitchen & dining room chairs : make mealtimes more inviting with comfortable and attractive dining room and kitchen chairs overstock your online dining room & bar furniture store! get 5% in rewards with club o!. Dining chairs dining room chair collection at home. Shop dining chairs and top home decor at great value at , and buy them at your local at home stores find top value in at home's dining chair collection and on furniture, art, decor and other products for the home at. Dining chairs at lowe's home improvement. Shop dining chairs in the dining & kitchen furniture section of find quality dining chairs online or in store home decor furniture dining & kitchen furniture dining chairs; dining chairs refine clear all brand rating style military discount. Home decorators collection kitchen & dining room furniture. Shop our selection of home decorators collection, kitchen & dining room furniture in the furniture department at the home depot. Buy kitchen & dining room chairs online at overstock our. Kitchen & dining room chairs : make mealtimes more inviting with comfortable and attractive dining room and kitchen chairs free shipping on orders over $45 at overstock your online dining room & bar furniture store! get 5% in rewards with club o!. Dining & kitchen furniture at lowe's home. Shop dining & kitchen furniture in the furniture section of find quality dining & kitchen furniture online or in store. Dining room chairs & upholstered sets world market. Once you've chosen your dining table, curate a comfortable seating arrangement that fits your world market, we offer an array of silhouettes, upholsteries, slipcovers and cushions to create a dining room that's all you go for a classic look with a round back, square back, camelback, arched back or wingback chair.


If you had known the hurt they had done.
Your words they bruise me deep inside.
To forgive and still be letting go.
Don't even get me started on the social studies and humanities programs !
I get the feel of ambrosia in learning about the Nature …. let me be !
मनातील ना ना शन्का ,माझ्याशिवाय पूर्ण करणार बरे कोण !!
माझी बान्धिलकी फक्त माझ्या उत्तरान्शी !!


Who likes to off-road toys with Military look, this might be perfect for you. 1975 Land Rover 88 Pick Up come in green with Army words complete with white star on the middle of both doors as on pictures, unfortunately it have removed. Found this one in Craigslist posted about 10 days ago when we write here was looking for $25999 located in around Los Angeles.
Assembly and imported from Spain well-known as Land Rover Santana, as you've seen here is a short-wheelbase 2-door single cab that was called Especial 88 Pickup, and is currently registered and titled in Arizona. The seller says all original it has been fully restored in 2012, powered by Diesel with manual transmission only 49501 miles on it, no power steering, no A/C, ready goes to off-road playground.
This British all terrain vehicle made by Land Rover built in 1971 intended to military use, it a Series IIA 4WD, RHD 88" short wheelbase excellent condition has 4 cylinders gas-powered mated manual transmission with 25000 miles on it.


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Facundo Federico Waller Martiarena (* 9. April 1997 in Colonia del Sacramento) ist ein uruguayischer Fußballspieler, der aktuell als Leihspieler von Plaza Colonia bei den UNAM Pumas unter Vertrag steht. Der Mittelfeldspieler ist Januar 2020 uruguayischer U23-Nationalspieler.

Karriere

Verein
Facundo Waller stammt aus der Nachwuchsabteilung von Plaza Colonia, einem Verein aus seiner Heimatstadt Colonia del Sacramento. Während der Saison 2013/14 wurde er in die erste Mannschaft des Zweitligisten befördert. Am 19. April 2014 (19. Spieltag) debütierte er beim 1:1-Unentschieden gegen den Rocha FC in der Liga, als er startete und in der 70. Spielminute ausgewechselt wurde. In dieser Spielzeit bestritt er ein weiteres Spiel und auch in der folgenden Saison 2014/15 kam er nur zu zwei Einsätzen, erreichte mit dem Verein jedoch den Aufstieg in die höchste uruguayische Spielklasse.

Sein erstes Spiel in der Primera División bestritt er am 15. August 2015 (1. Spieltag) und flog bei der 1:2-Heimniederlage gegen den Club Atlético Rentistas in der 70. Spielminute mit "gelb-rot" vom Platz. Trotz dieses Rückschlags etablierte er sich in der Apertura 2015 als Rotationsspieler und wurde in der Clausura 2016 bereits in 14 der 15 Ligaspiele in der Startformation eingesetzt. In der Especial 2016 – Die Übergangssaison aufgrund des Wechsels zur Jahressaison – bestritt er elf Spiele.

Sein erstes Pflichtspieltor für Piaza Colonia gelang ihm im folgenden Spieljahr 2017 bei der 2:3-Heimniederlage gegen die IA Sud América am 19. März (7. Spieltag). In der Apertura 2017 kam er in zehn Ligaspielen zum Einsatz, in denen er zwei Tore erzielte. Aufgrund einer Kreuzbandverletzung verpasste Waller die gesamte Clausura 2017.

Zur nächsten Saison 2018 wechselte der noch immer verletzte Facundo Waller auf Leihbasis zum Ligakonkurrenten Nacional Montevideo in die uruguayischen Hauptstadt. Bereits kurz nach seiner Genesung, verletzte er sich im Frühjahr erneut und musste die gesamte Spielzeit pausieren. Für die Tricolores bestritt er deshalb kein einziges Ligaspiel und zum Jahresende kehrte er wieder nach Colonia del Sacramento zurück.

In der Saison 2019 zählte der wiedergenesene Waller wieder zu den Leistungsträgern bei Plaza Colonia und erzielte in 30 Ligaspielen sechs Treffer.

Am 7. August 2020 wechselte Waller auf Leihbasis zum mexikanischen Erstligisten UNAM Pumas, der sich eine Kaufoption für ihn sicherte.

Nationalmannschaft
Waller spielte ab Oktober 2015 für die uruguayische U20-Nationalmannschaft. Mit der Auswahl nahm er an der Auswahl an der U20-Südamerikameisterschaft 2017 in Ecuador teil, wo er in sieben der neun Spiele zum Einsatz kam, in diesen ein Tor und fünf Vorlagen beisteuerte und mit Uruguay das Turnier gewann. Mit dem Sieg qualifizierte man sich automatisch für die im selben Jahr stattfindende U20-Weltmeisterschaft. Dort kam er einem Gruppenspiel zum Einsatz. Nach diesem Turnier endete seine Laufbahn in der U20 nach 27 Länderspielen, in denen er drei Tore erzielen konnte.

Seit Januar 2020 ist Facundo Waller im Rahmen der Qualifikation zum Fußballbewerb der Olympischen Sommerspiele 2020 für die uruguayische U23-Nationalmannschaft im Einsatz.

Erfolge`
Plaza Colonia
 Aufstieg in die Primera División: 2014/15

Uruguay U20
 U-20-Südamerikameister: 2017

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Fußballspieler (Plaza Colonia)
Fußballspieler (Nacional Montevideo)
Fußballspieler (UNAM Pumas)
Fußballspieler (Atlético San Luis)
Uruguayer
Geboren 1997
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


This interpretive dictionary introduces the serious and theoretical international of exclusive literary and cultural critic Edward W. stated throughout the the most important phrases and ideas relevant to his paintings.
The booklet sheds new mild on a far debated factor within the box of historical background: the unfold of Christianity within the Roman Empire and its courting with Judaism within the second century. The contributions accumulated during this quantity illustrate from a multidisciplinary viewpoint (including archaeology, cultural, spiritual, and political heritage) how Christianity came upon a unusual method of integrating into the remodeling empire lower than Emperor Hadrian.
This is often the 1st variation to collect all the earliest recognized works through Samuel Richardson (1689–1761), the most influential authors within the English culture. Richardson's workouts in conduct-writing, spiritual controversialism, anti-theatrical polemic, occasional verse, literary feedback – and his well known and strangely revealing version of Aesop's Fables – resonate all through his later paintings whereas claiming abundant legitimacy in their personal.
Interpreting novels written in nineteenth-century England and all through many of the West, in addition to philosophical essays at the belief of fictional shape, Felicia Bonaparte sees the unconventional during this interval now not because the continuation of eighteenth-century "realism," as has in general been assumed, yet as a style unto itself.
In accordance with Sprague, doubling in Lessing's novels is an ideal correlative for the complexity and contradiction Lessing perceives as significant to the personal and collective human adventure. Her doubles and multiples not just point out the fracturing or the formation of id yet in addition they are one of the a number of options used to venture advanced deepest and societal matters.


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Scores of analysts, governance experts, and legislators have argued that firms should separate the roles of CEO and chairman of the board, contending that boards cannot perform their crucial oversight functions without the guidance of an independent leader. Indeed, since the enactment in the United States of the 2002 Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the proportion of S&P 500 companies splitting the roles has increased from 25 to 43 percent, studies have reported.
But this paper concludes that the benefits of doing so are not cut-and-dried, and that how a firm is faring at the time of the separation has a major impact on whether the move is successful. Specifically, the authors found that the two roles typically should be divided only when the firm's performance is flagging. And even then, the separation should take place only through a "demotion" strategy, wherein the CEO holds on to that role but an independent chairman is brought on board. In fact, changing the model during a period of positive returns generally causes a drop in stock prices and analyst ratings, the researchers report.
To better understand the factors underlying "CEO duality," or having one person serve as both chairman and CEO, and its impact on firm performance, the authors analyzed 309 firms in the Fortune 1000 and S&P 1500 indices that separated their CEO and chairman positions between 2002 and 2006. Each company used one of three separation techniques. The apprentice method involved a sitting CEO–chairman giving up the title of chief executive officer but staying on as chairman, moving aside for a groomed successor as CEO. Departures occurred when a company filled both positions with new people. And demotions took place when the CEO retained that title but gave up his or her board seat and made way for a new chairman, and in doing so effectively relinquished control over governance.
Across measures of both stock performance and analyst ratings, demotions—the strategy that was least likely to be used by the surveyed companies—showed more positive effects on future performance than the other two strategies. Specifically, in times of subpar performance, firms that divided their CEO and chairman positions through a demotion mechanism saw significantly better stock returns and analyst ratings in the year following the change than firms that used apprentice or departure strategies.
But the demotion strategy is all about timing—and if the status quo is working, companies should think twice before demoting their chief executive. For example, demoting a CEO in a year when the firm was delivering a total shareholder return (TSR) of about 30 percent resulted in an average decrease in TSR of about 42 percent the next year, compared with no separation of roles, the researchers found. But when firms demoted the CEO in a year in which TSR was down 30 percent, the exact opposite result was obtained: TSR soared 42 percent the next year. By comparison, departure separations led to no significant change in returns following either a surge or a downturn in shareholder value, and apprentice moves produced a return of only about 8 percent following a 30 percent fall in value.
Despite the pressure from policymakers and advocacy groups to split the roles, and the temptation to follow the lead of competitors that have done just that, companies should proceed slowly. A careful review of current performance is required before even contemplating such a shift, the authors caution.
In recent years, the number of companies that have divided their CEO and chairman roles has risen sharply, in part because of recommendations from analysts and legislators. But it's not the right move for all companies. Indeed, the separation typically pays off only when a company's performance is subpar, and even then only when the CEO stays on and works alongside a newly appointed chairman.


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Revised Code Keywords
Ohio Constitution
Ohio Revised Code
Ohio Administrative Code
Revised Code Number
The Legislative Service Commission staff updates the Revised Code on an ongoing basis, as it completes its act review of enacted legislation. Updates may be slower during some times of the year, depending on the volume of enacted legislation.
Section 126.35 | Warrants or electronic fund transfers for payments - electronic benefit transfers.
Title 1 State Government
Chapter 126 Office of Budget and Management
Effective:
Latest Legislation:
House Bill 49 - 132nd General Assembly
Download Authenticated PDF
(A) The director of budget and management shall draw warrants or process electronic funds transfers against the treasurer of state pursuant to all requests for payment that the director has approved under section 126.07 of the Revised Code.
(B) Unless a cash assistance payment is to be made by electronic benefit transfer, payment by the director of budget and management to a participant in the Ohio works first program pursuant to Chapter 5107. of the Revised Code or a recipient of cash assistance provided under the refugee assistance program established under section 5101.49 of the Revised Code shall be made by direct deposit to the account of the participant or recipient in the financial institution designated under section 329.03 of the Revised Code. Payment by the director of budget and management to a recipient of benefits distributed through the medium of electronic benefit transfer pursuant to section 5101.33 of the Revised Code shall be by electronic benefit transfer. Payment by the director of budget and management as compensation to an employee of the state who has, pursuant to section 124.151 of the Revised Code, designated a financial institution and account for the direct deposit of such payments shall be made by direct deposit to the account of the employee. Payment to any other payee who has designated a financial institution and account for the direct deposit of such payment may be made by direct deposit to the account of the payee in the financial institution as provided in section 9.37 of the Revised Code. Accounts maintained by the director of budget and management or the director's agent in a financial institution for the purpose of effectuating payment by direct deposit or electronic benefit transfer shall be maintained in accordance with section 135.18 of the Revised Code.
(C) All other payments from the state treasury shall be made by paper warrants, electronic funds transfers, or by direct deposit payable to the respective payees. The director of budget and management may mail the paper warrants to the respective payees or distribute them through other state agencies, whichever the director determines to be the better procedure.
Available Versions of this Section
September 29, 2013 – House Bill 59, 130th General Assembly [ View September 29, 2013 Version ]
December 31, 2017 – Amended by House Bill 49, 132nd General Assembly [ View December 31, 2017 Version ]
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Monkey Cage Analysis
Analysis Interpretation of the news based on evidence, including data, as well as anticipating how events might unfold based on past events
Joe Biden's nostalgia for 'civility' is nostalgia for the politics of Jim Crow
He may not realize it, but that boozy politesse grew from Southern politicians' need to work across party lines to keep civil rights at bay.
Joe Biden. (Daniel Acker/Bloomberg News)
By Sam Rosenfeld
At a fundraiser on Tuesday, former vice president Joe Biden invoked Southern segregationists James Eastland and Herman Talmadge as examples of past Senate colleagues with whom he could work. "At least there was some civility," he remarked of the Senate in the 1970s and 1980s. "We got things done." Biden had already written about Eastland with some affection in his memoirs and brought him up at a stump speech in 2017 to express similar nostalgia for the Senate before polarization. When Biden was asked on Wednesday if he wanted to apologize, he refused.
Many have objected to Biden's casual linking of white supremacy with political civility, but he's making a deeper connection than he may understand. As I discuss in my book "The Polarizers: Postwar Architects of Our Partisan Era," Congress was more civil back then as a direct result of a 20th-century party system organized around Jim Crow. Contrary to Biden's argument, it is impossible to separate the courtesies from the racist politics that made them possible.
The Senate was different back then
The Senate that Biden entered after his first electoral victory in 1972 really was a different world from today's chamber. By all quantitative measures, party membership was much less closely related to votes for bills. Voters, too, were less partisan. The year 1972 proved to be the 20th-century high-water mark for rates of split-ticket voting, in which voters chose one party's candidate for congressional office and the other's for the presidency. In 2016, by contrast, not a single state in the country saw a Senate candidate of one party and the presidential candidate of the other win the popular vote.
Did senators work across the aisle more because they were nicer to each other? More plausibly, the civility was an effect rather than a cause of the bipartisanship. What drove depolarization were interests, ideology and coalitional incentives based on the highly uncivil social arrangements of the Jim Crow South.
The South's congressional delegation had become solidly Democratic after the violent defeat of Reconstruction in the late 19th century. This had nothing to do with support for New Deal-style liberalism and everything to do with suppressing partisan competition in the region, so that politicians would not seek to mobilize black support and thus jeopardize white supremacy. By the middle of the 20th century, Southern Democrats behaved as a bloc on policy questions relating to race and civil rights (and also, to a significant extent, labor law), while varying widely from right to left on questions of economic regulation and the welfare state. As it happens, Eastland was an arch-conservative across the board, voting against Medicare and the Elementary and Secondary Education Act in 1965.
[Whites have fled the Democratic Party. Here's how the nation got there.]
This is where the norms of civility came from
After the New Deal, the Southern faction of Democrats frequently allied with Republicans in a "conservative coalition" to block liberal legislation. Their perches at the head of committees and subcommittees, thanks to seniority, aided their efforts. One study by House liberals found that more than a third of all Democratic committee and subcommittee chairmen voted more often against than with the majority of their own party on major votes in 1967 and 1968. Liberal Democrats, for their part, sometimes allied with moderate and liberal Republicans to pursue initiatives, most notably on civil rights. Ideological and policy divisions, in other words, cut across the party divide, so that ad hoc bipartisan coalitions were the main way to get things done.
This reinforced a set of cultural norms in Congress that focused on collegiality, decorum and disagreeing without being disagreeable. The culture that Biden celebrates in his recollections involved cloakroom folkways and booze-soaked bonhomie that were heavily shaped by Southern male members. (In his memoir, Walter Mondale recalls getting to know the Southern bulls through socializing in a Senate office hideaway that "always seemed to have a supply of excellent bourbon.") Southerners enjoyed long tenures representing one-party districts and states and mastered, like few others, the art of fluid bipartisan coalition-making as a tool for securing their interests. A powerful set of behavioral customs emerged as byproducts of these hard-nosed pursuits.
[Poll: Only 58 percent of Americans oppose blackface. That divides strongly by party.]
As civil rights emerged, these norms fell away
White supremacy drove the cross-party arrangements that fostered these customs. As white supremacy came under challenge, these arrangements unraveled. Civil rights became an increasingly central pillar of Northern Democrats' political agenda, a process accelerated by the direct-action tactics of a mass movement on the ground. President Lyndon Johnson's zealous advocacy of the 1964 Civil Rights Act and Republican presidential nominee Barry Goldwater's opposition to it sent a signal about the parties' emerging positions on racial questions, with long-term effects for presidential voting. Civil rights activists also contributed to a liberal Democratic reform agenda inside Congress that had by the mid-1970s challenged the sanctity of seniority and centralized power in party leaders. This was all intended to bring to heel the old Southern committee barons who had opposed civil rights and other liberal legislation.
Both Jim Crow and the power of its legislative defenders had begun to crumble by the time Biden arrived in the Senate, but it took years for the parties to reorganize themselves and for norms to disintegrate completely. Some Southern Democrats facing new challenges switched parties, others (such as Eastland) chose to retire, and others still moderated their legislative behavior to more closely match that of their co-partisans. During the years of flux, when Biden came of age in Congress, both chambers retained a good deal of the mid-century era's characteristic bipartisanship and unpredictability. But the great sorting-out of the parties by ideology was underway.
Congress in 2019 is anything but politically fluid. Conservative Republicans enjoy a near-lock on non-majority-minority Southern states and districts. Racial politics, like so many other issues, now reinforce the party divide instead of cutting across it, and the parties have strong incentives to be antagonistic toward each other. All the Biden bull sessions in the world would do little to alter these basic features of politics. And since the era of boozy politesse in Congress was made possible by the basic denial of civil and political rights to African Americans in the South — not to mention the near-total absence of women from those chambers — that's not entirely to be lamented.
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Sam Rosenfeld (@sam_rosenfeld) is an assistant professor of political science at Colgate University and the author of The Polarizers: Postwar Architects of Our Partisan Era (University of Chicago Press, 2018).
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This Saturday, nonprofit Project by Project's food fest Plate by Plate 2013 will be taking over the beautiful Vibiana downtown. From the looks of last year's photos it's a fancy affair with folks in suits and evening gowns! The lineup of over 30 restaurants boasts foodie faves like Bestia, Petty Cash and Rivera. But you know I'm all about what the drinking situation will be like.
The Raymond's 1886 will be serving up its signature cocktails in the VIP lounge.
And throughout the fest, there will be drinks by Ketel One and Veev and beer by award-winning local brewery, The Bruery. I'm thinking taking the Metro in might be a smart idea.
For extra-cocktail activities a cocktail competition will pit bartenders Deysi Alvarez (Paiche), Dino Balocchi (Littlefork), and Brittini Rae Peterson (Goldie's) against each other while Matthew Biancaniello and Devon Espinosa judge their entries.
Tickets are still available for the event: $150 for general admission and $250 for VIP which gets you in the fest an hour earlier and access to the VIP Lounge. Every year Project by Project chooses a different charity to partner up with and this year it's Asian American theater troupe East West Players.
An update: Unfortunately, Dino has just dropped out of the competition. Taking his place is Nathaniel Oliver (Harvard & Stone, ink, Church & State).


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Chefs Rankin, Outlaw and Singh share the secrets of their success
"Don't go into the restaurant business with other people". These are the words of renowned double Michelin star holder chef Nathan Outlaw as he answers questions alongside two other giants of the UK food industry, Shaun Rankin and Vivek Singh, in an interview for professional chef equipment supplier Russums.
But Nathan realises that for those just beginning in the industry, this is far easier said than done: "It's very difficult not to do that when you are a young chef just starting out and money is tight."
This is just one of the interesting titbits offered up by the trio of talented chefs and restaurant owners. They were pinned down on a whole range of questions, from their strangest ingredient to what they would tell up-and-coming chefs.
As unappealing as it might sound, Nathan swears that fish offal, when properly cooked, can taste delicious. If that seems difficult to swallow, maybe washing it down with a mouthful of Shaun's parsnip coffee might help, though I doubt it. Surprisingly, Vivek's rice dish with dried ants came out as the most appealing option; though that is a matter of taste, after all.
The three chefs have careers that any newcomer could only dream of. Nathan Outlaw has worked with some high-profile figures in the industry, including Gary Rhodes and Éric Chavo. However, it was his time under renowned seafood chef Rick Stein at his famous Seafood Restaurant in Padstow, Cornwall that would come to strongly influence the direction of his career.
Awarded his first Michelin star in 2006 while working at St Ervan Manor in Cornwall, Nathan now runs the eponymous Restaurant Nathan Outlaw, also in Cornwall, which has the honour of holding two Michelin stars.
Shaun Rankin gained his first Michelin star in 2005 while working as head chef at the Jersey restaurant Bohemia. He is well known for his connection to the Channel Islands, having spent much of his career as a chef in Jersey. Shaun currently runs the Michelin starred restaurant Ormer in Jersey and is involved in London's 12 Hay Hill members club in Mayfair.
Vivek Singh is highly respected around the world for his modern Indian cooking style. Now running three successful London restaurants — The Cinnamon Club, Cinnamon Kitchen and Cinnamon Soho — Vivek has since written a number of highly successful cook books that showcase the best in contemporary Indian cooking.
So, what do these behemoths of the restaurant world say to any new chefs contemplating a lifelong career? Nathan's advice is only do it if cooking is something you love because the novelty will wear off, while Shaun advises to get out into the world and experience as many different culinary cultures as possible. And Vivek espouses the virtues of keeping up with the latest trends. How to do this? Well, if you don't have the time or money to visit some of Britain's great restaurants, do the next best thing and update your cookbook library as often as possible.
John Paul Marsden, Head of Marketing at Russums, said: "These fantastic chefs may seem like they are on another level now, but every success story has to start somewhere. I think young chefs, as well as those not in the industry but who love cooking, will find what they have to say both interesting and inspiring."
If you would like to read the full interview, click on the following link.
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Children of wonder and mystery!
Barret Oliver was born on August 24, 1973 in Los Angeles, California, USA as Barret Spencer Oliver. He is known for his work on The NeverEnding Story (1984), Cocoon (1985) and D.A.R.Y.L. (1985).
Chandler was born and raised in Houston, Texas. He is the middle child of three with an older brother and a younger sister. Chandler has always resided full time in Houston and attends public school despite steadily working in the film industry.
Connor Dylan Wryn was born on September 25, 1987 in Los Angeles, California, USA. He is known for his work on Constantine (2005), Boom and The Applicant (2012).
Taylor Geare was born on September 19, 2001 as Taylor Grace Geare. She is an actress, known for Inception (2010), Brothers (2009) and Four Christmases (2008).
Claire Geare was born as Claire Astin Geare. She is an actress, known for No Escape (2015), Inception (2010) and Dream House (2011).


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Give the Reader a Reason
by Michael Steven Gregory
Why? It's the most important question in writing; the one I hear most during the run-up to a conference. Usually it's about material going to advance submission readers. "Why can I only submit the first 10 or 15 pages of my manuscript?" I'm asked. "Why not more?"
Fair questions. Warrants an honest answer. The answer is this: Because no matter how good your book may be beginning page 11 or 16, if the previous pages don't compel me (or anyone else) to turn beyond the cut-off page, who cares? Every agent, every acquisitions editor has plenty other submissions to read that will.
Consequently, it's not uncommon for writers to try and sneak in an extra page or two beyond a reader's stated cut-off in effort to ensure s/he (the reader) absolutely knows just how good their book is—if only they'd read just a smidge more to discover it.
But that's the problem. The commercial writer—that is, the writer who's writing for publication and monetary gain–understands the intrinsic value of questioning why. We do so daily: Why does this particular story idea warrant a book? Why does this story start where it does and not later? Why does this character do this and not that? Why should anybody even give a shit about the book I'm writing?
Thing is, it's not about The Why of the Writer. It's about something bigger.
The Why of the Reader
Rousing readers' expectations is the aim. Delivering on expectations roused is the game. In fact, it's the endgame.
I've read many books over the past year, mostly novels and narrative nonfiction, acclaimed and not, traditionally published as well as those with which the authors elected a more personal path to publication. What I found was an overwhelming number of them to be shockingly uninspiring. Frankly, as a reader, I simply didn't care about the vast majority. Didn't even finish several—and I'm talking even the easy peasy, now-norm 200-pagers flooding e-book markets. Not a big investment of time, true, but time still invested.
Thing is, I don't care how craftily the plot is constructed. I don't care how beautiful the prose plays out upon the page, the quality of verisimilitude or precision of historical accuracy. What I want, expect and demand as a reader is a story rife with characters caught up in a combustible situation, with an unpredictable outcome, that I can invest my time in and genuinely give a shit about.
Failing that, the author is wasting my time. Money I can spare. Time? Not so much.
Writers must give a shit about readers because readers do give a shit about what they've invested in time to read. Fail to deliver on the expectations of your reader and you fail as a writer.
Too many writers start their stories too early not because they're writing for the reader but because they're writing for themselves to discover where their stories start. Recognize that. Lop off all the stuff you were writing for yourself in search of a beginning and start your story just past its start and you'll likely be golden. (Presuming, of course, you've written a story worth telling, told well, blah, blah, blah.)
But back to readers. Or, more important, back to me as a reader. Why do I not care so much? It's been nagging me hard. Is it that the writer's not telling a story worthy of a book? Is it that the writing is pedantic? Is it that the "hero" is unsympathetic? Is it that the stakes are never raised high enough to evoke concern of the outcome?
Time and time again; page after page again; book after book again … I just don't care. I don't feel.
Because, as a reader, I have expectations. You, the writer, roused them. You did so with the title of your book, the summary pitch of your book, the blurbs selected to qualify the merit of your book, the author's bio evincing why you were uniquely qualified to write this book and, finally, the explicitly implied assurance that you would indeed place me in the hands of a quality storyteller who understood and respected my needs as a reader of a book. Yet given all that, you didn't care that I needed to care about … something, someone in your book.
If you don't enable me to care about something of consequence or someone in a jam pretty damn quick in your book, believe me, I won't give a hoot how richly woven the tapestry. I'm moving on to the next tent, where maybe I can cozy up with someone who does.
Michael Steven Gregory is an award-winning filmmaker and WGA screenwriter of material ranging from mainstream drama and bio-pics to animated action-adventure and videogames. He has scripted series for Fox, UPN and HBO, directed television and features in a variety of genres, and been involved as a writer, producer or director in over 150 short films. His longform projects include the doculogues We, The Writer and We, The Screenwriter, the romantic-comedy A Valentine Carol, and groundbreaking Don King Presents: Prizefighter, for 2K Games. His books include the popular Disc Golf: All You Need to Know about the Game You Want to Play.
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Are you going through a divorce, or contemplating filing for divorce? The first thing you should do is secure your representation.
Hire a lawyer who specializes in divorce and family law. Now is not the time to give a favor to your sister's neighbor's nephew who just passed the Bar exam. Over the years I've seen people lose money, precious assets, and worst of all, rights, by not having a divorce specialist represent them.
Can't afford a divorce lawyer? Some people try to handle their divorce pro se (i.e., they represent themselves) because they can't afford a lawyer. Truth is, most people don't have the extra cash lying around to pay the fees of an experienced attorney, but it's worth it to figure it out. Let me put it this way: you can't afford not to have a lawyer. As stated above, you can lose valuable rights — especially if your spouse has an attorney and you don't. The law has many nuances, intricacies, and loopholes that only an experienced divorce attorney would know how to navigate.
Here are some ideas for how to pay for your divorce lawyer.
George Gelb is an experienced Palm Beach divorce attorney — he has over 35 years experience and a proven track record of success. He is ranked in the Nation's Top One Percent by the National Association of Distinguished Counsel. He was a former Assistant Attorney General and has years of experience managing a large divorce and family law practice in Miami and Fort Lauderdale.
Being a qualified attorney is much more than just passing the Bar exam. It is a high standard of ethics, integrity, professionalism, and client confidentiality and representation, which George Gelb values very highly and strives each day to meet and exceed.
Perhaps you or your spouse have recently filed for divorce, or you've been trying to handle your divorce alone but have realized you need an experienced attorney. Maybe you would like to dispute your prenuptial or postnuptial agreement (or have one drafted).
Maybe you have been divorced for a while but a change in circumstances requires that you move away, or you'd like to modify your (or your spouse's) alimony or child support payments.
Perhaps you have a high net worth and you'd like to protect your hard-earned assets or prevent your business from being split in the divorce.
Whatever your needs, no matter how simple or complex, how amicable or emotionally intense, George Gelb can help you. Drawing on his 35+ years of experience in and out of the courtroom, as well as his intimate knowledge of the law, he will be a strong advocate for your rights.


FREMONT, CA AND MOORESVILLE, IN - NOVEMBER 7, 2017 – Solaria Corporation, global provider of solar module technologies, and, Linel, a premier fabricator of customized architectural glass and metal products, today announced that architects can now access building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) solutions, from Linel, powered-by-Solaria. For decades, Linel has taken projects from design to installation as a full life-cycle subcontractor whose materials and suppliers are directly influenced by the needs of project architects. Linel now offers BIPV sloped glazing systems to answer a growing demand for architectural solar solutions from building developers and designers producing leading edge plans for new projects.
"We're always looking for new ways to add value to our sloped glazing projects, and Solaria's PowerView™ BIPV is a product that offers impressive solar performance without compromising aesthetic quality," said Brian Murphy, Product Design Engineer, Linel. "The economic benefit is clear, the contribution toward sustainability is real, and the design is flexible. We believe the industry is poised to embrace BIPV sloped glazing in a major way, and this partnership has Linel and Solaria ready to provide an industry-leading system."
Linel has built a reputation for designing and delivering a full spectrum of high-performance architectural products, and partnering with innovative suppliers to meet the most creative and demanding design specifications. By offering architectural solar solutions powered-by-Solaria, Linel can address the architectural community's increasing demand for solar skylights, atriums, clerestories, sunshades, patios and canopies. Now, in addition to typical rooftop photovoltaic systems and louver photovoltaic systems, Linel will capitalize on the opportunity to establish the company as a recognized market leader as architectural solar grows to significant volume.
Solaria's PowerXT® rooftop solar solutions provide high-performance solar panels that produce up to 20% more energy than conventional modules. These high-density solar panels are optimized for rooftop applications and leverage a highly refined manufacturing process which results in a significantly higher energy yield than typical PV modules. It not only delivers high power but also improved shading tolerance, premium appearance and durability. Solaria's PowerView™ architectural glass solutions deliver the unique combination of attractive aesthetics, compelling economics, high performance and high power density. This enables the optimization of thermal performance, effective daylighting, glare control and power generation. Solaria's solar windows are easily customizable and offer design flexibility to adjust for a wide variety of sizes, glass type dimensions, coatings, Vt, and voltage.
Linel is the premier fabricator of custom architectural products. Each Linel product is custom-suited to meet the aesthetic and performance specifications of our customers. Contact Linel to request project-specific details or design assistance, and let Linel put 40 years of architectural product experience to work for you. For more information, please visit www.linel.co.
Solaria Corporation is a solar technology company that is paving the way for distributed, clean power generation through optimized solutions for a range of applications. Leveraging its proven core technology, field performance and sophisticated automation, Solaria delivers solutions that address a unique set of requirements for the rooftop and architectural solar markets. Solaria's cell technologies enable leading glass fabricators to adopt solar technologies into their product offering. In turn, providing builders, developers and architects aesthetically pleasing, easily integrated, highly customizable residential and commercial solar products that can help enable net zero energy buildings. Solaria headquarters are in California. For more information, please visit www.solaria.com.
Northwestern University is adding an exciting blend of athletics facilities to their Evanston, IL campus. Perkins + Will designed the project, which includes competition, practice, recreation, and educational venues. Linel will be providing a custom panel system for the structure's facade, using a design that maximizes panel area and minimizes joint width and system depth. Linel will also be using its internal paint line to provide the panel system with a Kynar finish from PPG. Find out more about the project here.
Linel is providing a custom glass atrium for 100 Federal Street, located in the financial district of Boston, MA. Boston Properties tapped Perkins + Will to design the atrium addition, which will include retail and garden spaces for public use. The Turner Construction Company will oversee the project, which is project for completion at the beginning of 2018. The custom framing for this project allows the low-profile, structurally glazed system to fit along the steel substructure with minimal visual impact.
Element 28 is a 15-story luxury apartment building designed by R2L Architects, and developed in the central business district of Bethesda, MD. Linel is partnering with R2L to provide a unique architectural sculpture for the Element 28 public plaza. The sculpture integrates a skylight, canopy, and green roof to artistically conceal an access stairway to the parking garage below. The skylight and canopy use laminated glass featuring Vanceva colored PVB interlayers, and required Linel to cut the custom glass patterns in-house. The support framing is fabricated from aluminum plate that is cut, beveled, formed, welded, and painted to create a seamless leaf-like structure. The architectural sculpture symbolically displays the sustainable design principles that R2L Architects emphasized throughout the design of the entire project. Read more about the project on R2L's Element 28 project profile page.
Linel will be providing the glazing for a 20,000-square-foot atrium at the Draper Laboratory headquarters in Cambridge, MA. Elkus Manfredi Architects designed the $60 million addition, which will transform an existing outdoor courtyard into new collaboration and exhibit space for Draper. The custom glazing system is structurally glazed, with pressure-equalized water infiltration management. The design employs split horizontal members and custom silicone inserts, hiding the rafter splices and delivering a clean aesthetic. The project will have insulated, laminated low-e glass with a custom ceramic frit. A visual mock-up and a performance mock-up will be completed in 2016, with the project scheduled for completion in 2017. Read more about the Draper Labs atrium addition in their announcement from February, 2016.
An addition to the Corning Museum of Glass in Corning, NY was recently completed. The project was designed by architect Thomas Phifer and Partners. Linel's scope on the project included an undulating ridge skylight covering nearly 25,000 square feet of roof area, with a mix of different glass make-ups and infill panels. Linel also provided a unique internal sunshade system, made of vertically-oriented concrete beams (3 ½" wide by 4' deep, spaced 3' apart). The combination of skylight and concrete provided an optimal daylight system for the museum while adding a unique aesthetic to the structure. Find out more from this article in the March, 2015 issue of Architectural Record.
Make Linel your provider of premium architectural products. Contact us now!


Off the main valley of the Oolenoy, Liberia prospered (in 1870, the Pumpkintown Census District [including Liberia] was approximately 28% Black), as hundreds of freed slaves gathered with family and friends in a protected area, away from white oversight. Community founders such as Aunt Katie Owens, Emerson Kemp, and James McJunkin (Greenville County) and their families established a school, started Soapstone Church (founded by McJunkin), and built the Liberia Community.
Over decades, however, as Reconstruction protections faded during the Jim Crow era in the late nineteenth century, many blacks left for better economic opportunities, especially in the factories up North. Racism and repression drove other blacks from the area, and tuberculosis and the Great Depression of the early twentieth century drove still others away. Less than 40 black residents remained in the Liberia area by 1950.
In April 1967, local arsonists burned the old Soapstone Baptist Church and a nearby vacant home, but both white neighbors and black residents contributed time, labor, money, and love to rebuild the church and (more recently) the fellowship hall. Today, the church holds monthly fish fries to support the church and community.
For further information on the community's history, see Liberia, South Carolina: an African American Appalachian Community, by John M. Coggeshall (University of North Carolina Press, 2018).


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Makers of 'Craze' Workout Supplement Halt Production
A workout supplement may contain a compound similar to methamphetamine, a new study says. (Image credit: Muscular guy photo via Shutterstock)
The manufacture of Craze, a workout supplement which some studies have found to contain a methamphetamine-like compound, has halted production and sales of the product for the foreseeable future, according to a statement from the company.
On Tuesday (Oct. 15) the company, Driven Sports, said it took action a few months ago to suspend production of Craze after media reports said that amphetamine-like compounds had been found in the product.
The company's announcement came shortly after the publication of a study that found the product contains a chemical cousin of methamphetamine, called N,α- DEPEA, which has not been studied in people.
Driven Sports said its own studies show that Craze is safe, and does not contain amphetamines. The company said Craze contains a compound related to N,α- DEPEA, but one that is safe. The presence of this similar compound may have caused some to conclude that N,α- DEPEA is present when it is not, Driven Sports said.
The researchers that found the methamphetamine-like compound in Craze said that they are confident of their results, and that the compound would have acted differently in their tests if it was not N,α- DEPEA, according to USA Today (opens in new tab).
In a statement, Driven Sports said that although the company believes the product is safe, "The confidence of our retailers to sell the product, and our consumers to buy the product is our primary concern, so we will continue the suspension of the production and sale of Craze for the foreseeable future until these issues are resolved."
Walmart and the website Bodybuilding.com stopped selling Craze online this summer, USA Today reported.
Mars meteorite that crashed to Earth contains 'huge diversity' of organic compounds


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Wydarzenia

 Mattan II zastąpił Hirama II na tronie Tyru


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Jefferson County Sheriff's Office establishes K-9 Unit
Tiny Town reopens including a puppet theater and pony rides
Jewish Consumptives' Relief Society at 6401 W. Colfax Avenue in Lakewood listed as a National Register Historic District
Part-time Evergreen resident John Hinckley, Jr. shoots President Ronald Reagan and three others leaving the Washington DC Hilton Hotel in a deranged attempt to impress actress Jodie Foster. He was found not guilty by reason of insanity and released from a mental hospital in 2016.
Evergreen holds its first July 4th fireworks over Evergreen Lake
Conifer holds its first Christmas parade
Tiny Town is again closed to the public
Three-year old Lori Poland, kidnapped from the front yard of her Sheridan home three days earlier by 21 year old Robert Thiret, is discovered in the pit of an outhouse near Genesee
Sheriff and Detention Facility completed in Jefferson County Government Center campus at 200 Jefferson County Parkway
Senator Gary Hart of Kittredge announces his run for the presidency
First Rhubarb Festival held in Pine Grove
Elk Creek Elementary School opens
Wildfire in Mount Falcon Open Space Park chars 100 acres - believed to be intentionally set
Tiny Town reopens after restoration
FBI Agents and the Environmental Protection Agency raid the Rocky Flats Nuclear Weapons Plant for investigation of environmental crimes, discovering numerous violations. Rocky Flats becomes a Superfund site.
Human Services building completed in Jefferson County Government Center campus at 900 Jefferson County Parkway


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Stronge, Adryan
Dates Active in Dublin:
Musical instrument maker: virginal
Also known as Adrian Strong or Strange.
Adryan Stronge is mentioned in the Dublin Assembly Rolls in April 1651: 'it is also ordered and agreed [...] that Adryan Stronge, virginall maker, shall have the place of master of the house of correccion of this cittie duering the pleasure of the cittie, and that hee shall finde a house for that imployment convenient and fitt, and finde a servant, for which hee is to have from the cittee duering his imployment in the said office the somme of thirtie pounds per annum' (Calendar of Ancient Records).
An Adryan Strong married Mary Maide in the church of St John the Evangalist, Dublin on 19 August 1651 (Mills).
Flood states, without source, that Strong 'manufactured instruments from 1639 to 1655'.
Source(s):
Gilbert, John T., Calendar of Ancient Records of Dublin, in the Possession of the Municipal Corporation of that City, IV (Dublin: Joseph Dollard, 1894), p. 2
The Registers of St John the Evangelist, Dublin: 1619 to 1699, ed. by James Mills (Dublin: Parish Register Society of Dublin, 1906), p. 81
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