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Intensive statin therapy in acute coronary syndromes and stable coronary heart disease: a comparative meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
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Errata - October 01, 2007
Jonathan Afilalo1,
Agnieska A Majdan1,
Mark J Eisenberg2
1Department of Medicine, Sir Mortimer B Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
2Department of Medicine, Divisions of Cardiology and Clinical Epidemiology, Sir Mortimer B Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Associate Professor Mark J Eisenberg
3755 Cote Ste Catherine Suite A-118, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1E2; meisenberg{at}epid.jgh.mcgill.ca
Background: Intensive statin therapy reduces major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), but the effect on mortality is unclear.
Objective: To determine whether intensive statin therapy reduces all-cause mortality compared with moderate statin therapy in patients with recent acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and stable coronary heart disease (CHD).
Methods: Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Database, the internet, and conference proceedings from 1966 to 2006 were searched to identify relevant trials. Selection criteria were randomised allocation to intensive statin therapy (atorvastatin 80 mg/day, simvastatin 80 mg/day, or rosuvastatin 20–40 mg/day) versus moderate statin therapy, recent ACS or stable CHD at the time of randomisation, and ⩾6 months of follow-up.
Results: Six trials, encompassing 110 271 patient-years, were pooled. In patients with recent ACS, intensive statin therapy reduced all-cause mortality from 4.6% to 3.5% over 2.0 years (OR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.93). In patients with stable CHD, intensive statin therapy had no effect on all-cause mortality over 4.7 years (OR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.11). Overall, intensive statin therapy was associated with a reduction in MACE (OR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.91) and admissions to hospital for heart failure (OR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.83). Intensive statin therapy was also associated with an increase in hepatic transaminases >3 times normal (OR = 3.73, 95% CI 2.11 to 6.58) and a trend towards increased creatine kinase >10 times normal and/or rhabdomyolysis (OR = 1.96, 95% CI 0.50 to 7.63).
Conclusions: Compared with moderate statin therapy, intensive statin therapy reduces all-cause mortality in patients with recent ACS but not in patients with stable CHD.
ACS, acute coronary syndromes
CHD, coronary heart disease
CI, confidence interval
CRP, C reactive protein
LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol
MACE, major adverse cardiovascular events
OR, odds ratio
QUORUM, Quality of Reports of Meta-Analyses
RCT, randomised controlled trial
The benefits of statin therapy have been shown to be proportional to the achieved low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).1,2 Intensive statin therapy aims at maximally reducing LDL-C and therefore further reducing major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). The benefits of intensive statin therapy may be amplified by a dose-dependent activation of pleiotropic properties such as anti-inflammatory effects.3–5 The MIRACL Study was the first large scale trial of intensive statin therapy.6 In this trial, atorvastatin 80 mg/day reduced MACE by 16% compared with placebo in patients with recent acute coronary syndromes (ACS). More recent trials and a meta-analysis have shown that intensive statin therapy reduces MACE compared with moderate statin therapy, but these studies have been unable to demonstrate that this treatment reduces mortality.7 We sought to determine the effect of intensive statin therapy on all-cause mortality compared with moderate statin therapy in patients with recent ACS and in patients with stable CHD. Secondarily, we examined the effects of intensive statin therapy on MACE, admissions to hospital for heart failure, and adverse hepatic and muscular events.
We carried out this meta-analysis in accordance with standards set forth by the Quality of Reports of Meta-Analyses (QUOROM) of randomised controlled trials statement.8
We searched Medline from 1966 to March 2006 using the following search terms: "hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors", "anticholesteremic agents", "atorvastatin", "cerivastatin", "fluvastatin", "lovastatin", "pravastatin", "rosuvastatin", "simvastatin", "randomized", "randomized controlled trials", "clinical trials". We searched Embase from 1980 to March 2006, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects from inception to first quarter 2006, and the ACP Journal Club from 1991 to January/February 2006. We also searched the internet (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov,http://www.clinicaltrialresults.org,http://www.cardiosource.com,http://www.medscape.com,http://www.theheart.org,http://www.lipidsonline.org, all accessed 8 February 2007) and abstracts from major cardiology conferences in North America and Europe. We used relevant references from retrieved publications and PubMed's related articles feature and also contacted investigators to identify studies not captured by our primary search strategy. We limited our search to human studies in any language.
The inclusion criteria for our meta-analysis were: (a) randomised controlled trials (RCTs); (b) ⩾6 months of follow-up; (c) documented recent ACS or stable CHD at the time of randomisation; (d) intervention group given intensive statin therapy, defined as simvastatin 80 mg/day, atorvastatin 80 mg/day, or rosuvastatin 20–40 mg/day; (e) control group given moderate statin therapy, defined as pravastatin ⩽40 mg/day, lovastatin ⩽40 mg/day, fluvastatin ⩽40 mg/day, simvastatin ⩽20 mg/day, atorvastatin ⩽10 mg/day, rosuvastatin ⩽5 mg/day; these definitions were derived from the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III Guidelines' table of currently available statins required to reduce LDL-C by 30–40% ("standard doses").9 Three reviewers (JA, AAM, MJE) applied inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Validity assessment
All qualifying studies were assessed for blinding, concealment of randomised assignment, completeness of follow-up, and intention to treat analysis. We recorded whether patients in the intervention group and control group were similar at the start of the study and treated equally except for the designated treatment. Table 1 presents the validity parameters.
Trial characteristics for 28 505 subjects
Data abstraction
All data were extracted in duplicate by two investigators (JA, AAM) using a standardised protocol and were independently verified by a third investigator (MJE). Disagreements were resolved by consensus. We collected information on the study name, first author's name, year of publication, number of patients, duration of follow-up, inclusion and exclusion criteria, mean age of patients, gender distribution of patients, cardiac risk factors, prior myocardial infarction, cardiac drugs, intervention drug and dosage, control drug and dosage, LDL-C, total cholesterol (Total-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG) and C reactive protein (CRP).
The efficacy outcomes abstracted were: all-cause mortality, CHD mortality, non-CHD mortality, admissions to hospital for heart failure, MACE defined as cardiovascular death or ACS (troponin positive or troponin negative) or stroke. Given the variability in defining MACE between trials, we accepted that the definition for MACE may have included need for revascularisation or resuscitated cardiac arrest because these events contributed a relatively minor proportion of the MACE end point. The safety outcomes abstracted were: adverse hepatic events, defined as an increase in alanine aminotransferase and/or aspartate aminotransferase >3 times the upper limit of normal according to the measuring laboratory standards; adverse muscular events, defined as clinically diagnosed rhabdomyolysis and/or an increase in creatine kinase >10 times the upper limit of normal according to the measuring laboratory standards. We extracted overall study data and not individual patient data.
Safety and efficacy outcomes were analysed for the prespecified subpopulations of patients with recent ACS and patients with stable CHD. The numbers of events for every outcome in every trial were pooled and entered into the statistical software (Cochrane Collaboration Review Manager 4.2.7). Differences in study characteristics introduced an additional source of heterogeneity in the estimated treatment effects between trials. These differences would not be adequately dealt with in a fixed-effects model. We therefore employed a random-effects model to better account for the differences between trials. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test. An I2 value <25% was considered low heterogeneity, and a value >50% was considered significant heterogeneity. Results were reported as odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Trial flow
Figure 1 shows the QUOROM flow diagram. Our search returned 212 distinct results, of which 26 were relevant based on their title and abstract. Six RCTs met the selection criteria and were included in our meta-analysis. Of these RCTs, all six reported rates of all-cause mortality and MACE, four reported rates of admission to hospital for heart failure, five reported rates of adverse hepatic events and muscular events.
QUOROM flow diagram.
Study characteristics
Table 1 shows the study characteristics. Two RCTs studied patients with recent ACS (A to Z,10 PROVE-IT TIMI 2211) and four RCTs studied patients with stable CHD (IDEAL,12 TNT,13 VASCULAR BASIS,14 REVERSAL15). When pooled, the total number of patients was 28 505, representing 110 271 patient-years of follow-up. The mean weighted follow-up period was 2.0 years in trials of recent ACS and 4.7 years in trials of stable CHD. Table 1 shows completeness of follow-up, blinding and the analytic approach.
All RCTs were published between 2004 and 2005. The mean age was 56–64 years and the proportion of women was 14–28%. Table 1 also shows rates of prior myocardial infarction and diabetes mellitus. Use of aspirin and β blockers was similar between trials, whereas use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers ranged from 24% in VASCULAR BASIS to 84% in PROVE-IT TIMI 22. Previous use of statins ranged from 0% in A to Z to 76% in IDEAL (not including TNT where there was a 1 month run-in period during which all patients received atorvastatin 10 mg/day). Table 2 shows the intensive and moderate statin therapy regimens and the achieved lipid and CRP levels.
Statin drugs, achieved lipid levels and CRP
Quantitative data synthesis
Figures 2–6 show the forest plots with odds ratios for each study and for the pooled data. In patients with recent ACS, intensive statin therapy reduced all-cause mortality from 4.6% to 3.5% (OR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.61 to 0.93). The number needed to treat to prevent one death was 90. In patients with stable CHD, intensive statin therapy did not reduce all-cause mortality (OR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.11). MACE were comparably reduced in patients with recent ACS (OR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.01) and stable CHD (OR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.91). The odds ratios for MACE in patients with recent ACS demonstrated significant heterogeneity (I2 = 63%). Admissions to hospital for heart failure were reduced in patients with recent ACS (OR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.86) and stable CHD (OR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.92). Overall, the numbers needed to treat to prevent one MACE and one admission to hospital for heart failure were 46 and 112, respectively.
Forest plot for all-cause mortality.
Forest plot for major adverse cardiovascular events.
Forest plot for admissions to hospital for heart failure.
Forest plot for adverse hepatic events.
Forest plot for adverse muscular events.
For the safety analyses, patients with recent ACS and stable CHD were pooled owing to low event rates in the individual RCTs. Intensive statin therapy was associated with a threefold increase in adverse hepatic events from 0.4% to 1.4% (OR = 3.73, 95% CI 2.11 to 6.58) and a trend towards increased adverse muscular events from 0.05% to 0.11% (OR = 1.96, 95% CI 0.50 to 7.63). As a result, the number needed to harm to cause one adverse hepatic event was 96. The odds ratios for adverse hepatic events demonstrated significant heterogeneity (I2 = 63%). We were not able to pool non-serious adverse muscular events (myopathy without significant rise in creatine kinase) because these results were reported inconsistently and defined differently across RCTs. TNT showed that intensive statin therapy did not increase non-serious myalgias (4.8% vs 4.7%, p = 0.77).
We analysed cause-specific mortality to quantify the effect on CHD mortality and to clarify whether there was an effect on non-CHD mortality. Similar to the initial findings, intensive statin therapy reduced CHD mortality in patients with recent ACS (OR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.97) but not in patients with stable CHD (OR = 0.90, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.11). There were no effects on non-CHD mortality among patients with recent ACS (OR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.53 to 1.15), patients with stable CHD (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 0.88 to 1.30), or patients with either recent ACS or stable CHD (OR = 1.00, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.23). To ensure that the smaller studies had not disproportionately influenced our results, we pooled data from TNT and IDEAL and analysed these trials using a fixed-effects model. The effect of intensive statin therapy on all-cause mortality in large trials of stable CHD was non-significant and identical to the initial findings (OR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.11).
We sought to compare the effect of intensive versus moderate statin therapy on all-cause mortality in patients with recent ACS and stable CHD. Our meta-analysis is, as far as we know, the first to show that intensive statin therapy reduces all-cause mortality after recent ACS with no apparent reduction in stable CHD. MACE and admissions to hospital for heart failure were reduced in both these groups. Adverse hepatic events were increased threefold but were relatively infrequent. These findings suggest that intensive statin therapy should be the standard of care in patients with recent ACS.
The clinical benefits of intensive statin therapy have been clearly shown in these trials; the mechanisms underlying these clinical benefits represent a field of continuing study and validation. Potential mechanisms are threefold: dose-dependent pleiotropic effects, incremental LDL-C lowering effects, and regression of atherosclerosis. The first of these may be of particular relevance in the setting of ACS where there is a state of acute inflammation and thrombogenicity. By exploiting dose-dependent pleiotropic properties, intensive statin therapy exerts potent anti-inflammatory effects and decreases thrombogenicity. A detailed review of these effects can be found elsewhere.4 Interestingly, these effects occur acutely and are independent of LDL-C.16 Statins decreased thrombogenicity by increasing tissue plasminogen activator levels and decreasing plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels in ex vivo models where there was no LDL-C present.17 Compared with simvastatin 10 mg/day, ezetimibe 10 mg/day (a cholesterol absorption inhibitor) reduced LDL-C by an identical 15% without improving endothelial function.18 These studies provide a physiological rationale for the heightened benefits seen after recent ACS, which cannot be attributed solely to the slightly higher event rates in ACS compared with stable disease.
Anti-inflammatory effects may explain why intensive statin therapy reduced all-cause mortality in the hyperinflammatory state of ACS. Inflammation, as reflected by CRP level, is predictive of mortality in patients with recent ACS19,20 and additive to traditional risk factors such as the Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) risk score.21,22 Intensive statin therapy produced greater reductions in CRP and mortality in patients with recent ACS. In patients with stable CHD, intensive statin therapy reduced MACE but not mortality compared with moderate statin therapy. In high risk patients without documented CHD, moderate statin therapy similarly reduced MACE but not mortality compared with no statin therapy.23 VASCULAR BASIS and PROVE-IT TIMI 22 showed that atorvastatin 80 mg/day rapidly lowered CRP and produced parallel reductions in MACE within 4 weeks.24–26 Propensity-matched analysis of patients with high CRP showed that statins reduced mortality as soon as 7 days after initiation.27 Conversely, A to Z showed that simvastatin 80 mg/day did not rapidly lower CRP, and the early benefits of intensive statin therapy were dampened despite substantial lowering of LDL-C.28 A dual goal of CRP <1–2 mg/l and an LDL-C <1.8 mmol/l (<70 mg/dl) was associated with the lowest risk of MACE in PROVE-IT TIMI 22.29 Furthermore, the dual goal of low CRP and low LDL-C was also associated with the slowest progression of atherosclerosis in REVERSAL.30
There exists a log-linear relationship between achieved LDL-C and MACE as shown by the Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' meta-analysis of 14 RCTs.1 PROVE-IT TIMI 22 showed that an achieved LDL-C <1.0 mmol/l (<40 mg/dl), observed in 11% of patients in the intensive group, was associated with the lowest risk of MACE and no increase in adverse events.31 Indirect evidence from observational studies of hunter-gatherer populations showed that LDL-C of 1.3–1.9 mmol/l (50–75 mg/dl) was associated with improved longevity and an absence of atherosclerosis up to the seventh and eight decades of life.32,33 Studies of patients with heterozygous hypobetalipoproteinaemia showed that LDL-C as low as 0.8 mmol/l (30 mg/dl) was associated with improved longevity.34,35 In our meta-analysis, achieving a mean LDL-C of 1.6–2.1 mmol/l (62–81 mg/dl) was safe and effective for reducing MACE.
Beyond the anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering effects, intensive statin therapy slows and perhaps reverses the progression of atherosclerosis. In REVERSAL, serial intravascular ultrasound examinations showed that atheroma volume stabilised in patients receiving atorvastatin 80 mg/day, whereas it increased in patients receiving pravastatin 40 mg/day. ESTABLISH36 and ASTEROID37 showed that atheroma volume actually regressed in patients receiving intensive statin therapy. Similarly, ARBITER38 and ASAP39 showed that carotid intima media thickness regressed in patients receiving atorvastatin 80 mg/day, whereas it increased in patients receiving moderate statin therapy. Emerging research has shown that the effects of statins on quantitative atheroma volume may be less valuable than the effects on qualitative atheroma content, termed plaque stabilising effects.40,41 Reversing atherosclerosis and stabilising vulnerable plaques may, in part, be responsible for the effects of intensive statin therapy on MACE.
In addition to the reduction in MACE, there was a substantial reduction in admissions to hospital for heart failure with intensive statin therapy. Potential mechanisms include favourable ventricular remodelling,42–45 decreased infarct size owing to reduced ischaemia-reperfusion injury45–48 and reduced CRP-mediated complement activation.49 The effect of reducing CRP in acute myocardial infarction was demonstrated in a recent study where the therapeutic inhibition of CRP decreased infarct size in a rat model.50 The use of statins for heart failure is currently being evaluated in the CORONA and GISSI-HF trials.
The benefits of intensive statin therapy seem to be consistent across age and sex subgroups. With the exception of VASCULAR BASIS, which did not discuss subgroup effects, there were no statistical interactions for age or sex in these trials. The greatest reduction in atheroma volume was seen in the elderly (age ⩾median, 6.3% difference, p = 0.01; age <median, –0.7% difference, p = 0.75) and in women (women, 6.2% difference, p = 0.03; men, 1.6% difference, p = 0.30) in the REVERSAL trial. Subgroup analyses from PROVE-IT TIMI 22 and TNT showed that the elderly derived comparable benefits from intensive statin therapy.51–53 The forthcoming SAGE trial directly studies the elderly, randomising 893 patients aged 65–85 years with stable CHD to atorvastatin 80 mg/day or pravastatin 40 mg/day.54 Preliminary results have shown that atorvastatin 80 mg/day was associated with a trend towards reduced MACE (hazard ratio = 0.74, p = 0.16) and no difference in ischaemic events measured by ambulatory electrocardiography.55
There was no difference in ischaemic events measured by ambulatory electrocardiography in VASCULAR BASIS, nor was there any difference in flow-mediated vasodilatation, exercise duration, and angina frequency. These end points were not assessed by other trials, and authors acknowledged that their study may have been underpowered to detect significant associations.
Continuing trials include SEARCH, HPS II, and IMPROVE-IT. The last of these is scheduled to randomise 10 000 patients with recent ACS to simvastatin 40 mg/day plus ezetimibe 10 mg/day or simvastatin 40 mg/day alone. The median projected LDL-C of 1.3 mmol/l (50 mg/dl) in the combination therapy group will test the hypothesis that lower LDL-C is better.
Several potential limitations of our meta-analysis should be noted. First, five out of six RCTs evaluated intensive atorvastatin therapy, with one evaluating simvastatin and none evaluating rosuvastatin. Thus, the external validity and generalisability to other statins is limited and we cannot comment on agent-specific effects for the efficacy or safety outcome measures. Second, some RCTs classified revascularisation and resuscitated cardiac arrest as MACE, which might have altered the estimated effect of any given treatment. We believe that this risk is minimal because our results for the end point MACE were consistent with the results for the end point of death or reinfarction. Finally, most RCTs did not report measurements of left ventricular function after statin therapy, which might have helped explain the effects on heart failure. However, we did use the end point of admission to hospital for heart failure to ensure an objective measurement.
In conclusion, our meta-analysis suggests that intensive statin therapy is beneficial in patients with CHD and particularly in patients with recent ACS, where there is a 25% reduction in the odds of all-cause mortality. We found that intensive statin therapy is safe, since the absolute rates of adverse hepatic events and adverse muscular events are low (1.4% and 0.1%, respectively). Previous studies found that intensive statin therapy is cost effective after ACS,56–60 although a comprehensive analysis of cost effectiveness must be conducted. Based on our findings, the indication for intensive statin therapy is a key determinant of the potential mortality benefit to be derived. We conclude that intensive statin therapy should be recommended after recent ACS and considered on a case by case basis in stable CHD.
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Ray KK, Bach R, Cannon CP, et al. Validating the new NCEP III LDL target of <70 mg/dl among elderly patients: an analysis from PROVE-IT TIMI 22. J Am Coll Cardiol2005;45 (Suppl 1) :412A.
Wenger NK, Lewis SJ, Herrington DM, 1–2–2005. Effect of 80 mg versus 10 mg of atorvastatin in patients > and <65 years of age with stable coronary heart disease. Circulation2005;112 (Suppl 17) :II662.
LaRosa JC. Is aggressive lipid-lowering effective and safe in the older adult? Clin Cardiol2005;28:404–7.
Deedwania PC. Effect of aggressive versus moderate lipid-lowering therapy on myocardial ischemia: the rationale, design, and baseline characteristics of the Study Assessing Goals in the Elderly (SAGE). Am Heart J2004;148:1053–9.
Deedwania P. Effects of intensive versus moderate lipid-lowering therapy on myocardial ischemia in older patients with coronary heart disease: results of the study assessing goals in the elderly (SAGE). J Am Coll Cardiol2005;45 (Suppl. 1) :203–4A.
Buller N, Gillen D, Casciano R, et al. A pharmacoeconomic evaluation of the Myocardial Ischaemia Reduction with Aggressive Cholesterol Lowering (MIRACL) study in the United Kingdom. Pharmacoeconomics2003;21 (Suppl 1) :25–32.
Olsson A, Casciano R, Stern L, et al. A pharmacoeconomic evaluation of aggressive cholesterol lowering in Sweden. Int J Cardiol2004;96:51–7.
Casciano R, Tarride JE, Breton MC, et al. A pharmacoeconomic evaluation of the myocardial ischemia reduction with aggressive cholesterol lowering (MIRACL) study in Canada. Can J Clin Pharmacol2004;11:e179–90.
Lange AP, Szucs TD. [Cost-effectiveness of atorvastatin in the early treatment of acute coronary syndromes in Germany based on the MIRACL study.] Med Klin (Munich)2004;99:500–5.
Gomez-Gerique JA, Casciano R, Stern L, et al. A pharmacoeconomic evaluation of the effects of atorvastatin on early recurrent ischemic events in acute coronary syndromes in Spain. Eur J Health Econ2004;5:278–84.
Published Online First 3 February 2007
J Afilalo participated in the conception and design of the meta-analysis, data acquisition, data analysis and interpretation, drafting of the manuscript, critical review of the manuscript for intellectual content, and statistical analysis. AA Majdan participated in conception and design of the meta-analysis, data acquisition, drafting of the manuscript, and critical review of the manuscript for intellectual content. MJ Eisenberg participated in conception and design of the meta-analysis, data analysis and interpretation, critical review of the manuscript for intellectual content, and administrative support and supervision.Dr Eisenberg is a senior physician scientist of the Quebec Foundation for Health Research. Manuscript presented in abstract form at the World Congress of Cardiology, 6 September 2006.
Conflicts of interest: The authors of this meta-analysis have no personal or financial conflicts of interest to report. All authors had full access to all the data and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication.
WEB TOP 10
BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Cardiovascular Society
Heart 2007; 93 1230-1230 Published Online First: 21 Sep 2007.


The British School in Colombo joined hands with the Health Ministry in supporting the 'Vision 2020', a joint program by the World Health Organization and the International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness to eliminate avoidable blindness among citizens.
The program headed by the Health Ministry aims to reduce avoidable blindness among the citizens by providing them with free eye care. Since its inception in 2007, the Health Ministry has made significant progress in preventive and curative eye care services in the island under the Vision 2020 program.
The British School in Colombo, a leading educational institution in the country, sponsored 400 pairs of spectacles costing Rs 244,000 as part of their social responsibility initiative.
The donation was made at the school auditorium in Colombo last week in the presence of Minister of Health and Indigenous Medicine Dr. Rajitha Senaratne, Dr. Palitha Mahipala, Director General of Health and Dr. John Scarth, the Principal of the British School.
The Minister addressing the gathering said, "The British School has taken a good decision to help needy children to improve their vision. Being an international school owned by a foreigner and run by foreigners, you have understood the need of the society and I must thank you for the kind gesture".


text:
Taiwo Awoniyi finally joins Nottingham Forest Club @ £17.5M
Home - Sports - Taiwo Awoniyi finally joins Nottingham Forest Club @ £17.5M
Newly promoted Premier League club, Nottingham Forest are closing in on the club-record signing to bring Super Eagles striker Taiwo Awoniyi back to England.
Awoniyi who plies his trade with Union Berlin in the Bundesliga is ready to move to the Premier League in a deal that will cost Forest about £17.5million.
The striker, 24, who joined Liverpool in 2015 and had loan spells at six different clubs without making the breakthrough at Anfield, scored 15 goals to help Union Berlin punch above their weight in the Bundesliga last season.
There are also reports that Liverpool are entitled to a percentage of any transfer fee, as part of his move to Union for nearly £6m last summer.
Awoniyi was also part of the Nigerian squad that crashed out at the second round stage of the AFCON that was held earlier this year in Cameroon. The 2013 U-17 World Champion is expected help to Steve Cooper's side avoid an immediate return to the Championship when he joins the club.
Lagos: Police arrests a Man for intentionally infecting his wife, stepdaughter and 12 others with HIV
'I have not slept in 40 years' – Medical doctors shocked
Man kills himself, wife and His 3 daughters after he was caught for faking a Covid vaccine certificate

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This video explains how to optimize the settings of a Leica DFC camera. Use the simple and easy auto exposure, white balance and brightness adjustments to quickly fine tune the image details.
This video shows how to set the location for storing your images.
This video demonstrates how to browse images stored with the LAS software and introduces you to the different image viewing possibilities.
Conveniently divides the screen to either display and compare two stored images or to show a live image and a previously acquired image at the same time.
Add further information to a captured image in LAS. Show a scale bar, add a name or a short description of the sample, date and time and any other relevant information as an overlay on the image or merge into the captured image.
This video shows how to capture excellent pictures with samples show under or over exposure. Select the HDR mode to get these demanding samples to reveal more details in a single image.


text:
Interdisciplinary Summer School in Macedonian Cultural Identities
January 13, 2011 Published by Site Default
Deadline: 15 April 2011
Open to: MA or PhD students of history, art history, philosophy, literature, linguistics, cultural studies and cultural anthropology
Dates and Venue:19 June – 3 July, Ohrid, Macedonia
Fee: 150 EUR
Costs: accommodation costs
Institute for Social Sciences and Humanities Research "Euro-Balkan" is announcing a Call for Applications for "Interdisciplinary Summer School in Macedonian Cultural Identities".
In the context of the actual situation and artificially generated issues with the constitutional name of Macedonia, the language, as well as the identity of Macedonian population, it is necessary to think of a seriously conceived and scholarly established inquiry of all the relevant elements related to the expression "Macedonian cultural identity" not as an exclusive feature of the dominant ethnicity in the Republic of Macedonia, rather as a historical category reflecting the cultural existence of Macedonians through the centuries, today reflecting itself in the political and social actuality. The analysis of the binary categories, such are: the Slav ship and the Antique tradition, the national consensus and the multi-ethnical character of the modern state, the deeply rooted orthodox tradition and the respect for the confessional freedom of the population, the national treasury of cultural legacy and the multicultural concept of ethnical cohabitation, created a great deal of confusion at open debates and other subjective forms of discussion and generated negative results reflected in the escalation of the inter-ethnical and inter-religious dialog in the Republic of Macedonia. In that regard, the aim of the School is the professional and scientific analysis of the: historical categories, socio-ethnical and confessional components, language and linguistic forms, cultural traditions and artistic creativity, which should determine and define the components of Macedonian cultural identity as an unity of historical memory, collective awareness and creative potential of the entire population of contemporary Macedonian state.
Participant must be MA or PhD students from the fields of: history, art history, philosophy, literature, linguistics, cultural studies and cultural anthropology (not older than 36 years of age).
Participant must be a national of one of the countries from Southeastern Europe in order for her/his accommodation costs to be fully covered by the Organizer. The total participation fee will be 150 euro.
Participants from other countries are also eligible to participate, but ineligible for the financial support provided by the organizers. These applicants will have to cover participation fee of 150 euro and accommodation costs.
Working language of the Summer School will be English.
Deadline for submitting the application: April 15th 2011
Deadline for announcing the results of the selection process: May 1st 2011
The full program of the school will be announced: March 1st 2011
Prof. Predrag Novakovic, PhD
Co-director of the Summer School
Archaeological Research Center, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana
Ms. Bojana Janeva, MA
Coordinator of the Summer School
Institute "Euro-Balkan"
Blvd. Partizanski Odredi 63, 1000, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
Tel/Fax. + 389 2 30 75 570
Spring School: The Impact of the Political on Archaeological Research
PhD, Post-Doctoral, and Senior Fellowships at Koç University
Dr. Liselotte Kirchner Scholarship Programme 2018
← Google Science Fair
8 PhDs at The Faculty of Humanities, Denmark →
Art History cultural anthropology cultural studies Euro Balkan History Institute for Social Sciences and Humanities Research Interdisciplinary Interdisciplinary Summer School in Macedonian Cultural Identities linguistics literature MA Macedonia Macedonian Cultural Identities Ohrid PhD Philosophy Summer School Trainings & Conferences www.euba.edu.mk


Carl Sherzer is a Senior Managing Consultant in the IBM Global Business Services Insurance Digital Solutions Practice, focusing on insurance processes and systems. He has over 36 years of insurance and consulting experience, with an emphasis on operational improvement, new product and program launches, strategic planning, research and development, and analytics. He can be reached at carl.sherzer@us.ibm.com.


Patients fitted with Stryker's Spine OASYS Midline Occiput Plate implant during a spinal revision surgery between April 2010 and February 2013.
It has been alleged the device's pin can fracture after implant which can expose patients to serious adverse health risks including blood loss, nerve damage and corrective surgery.
The OASYS Midline Occiput Plate is used to promote fusion of the cervical spine and to provide stabilization between the occipital bone and vertebrae in the spine during the patient's recovery.
On May 30, 2013, Stryker and the FDA announced a Class I recall for the medical device maker's OASYS Midline Occiput Plate.
Patients who have experienced severe adverse health complications including blood loss, nerve damage and revision surgeries after being implanted with an OASYS Midline Occiput Plate implant during spinal revision surgery may have legal recourse. It has been reported that after the device is implanted, the pin holding the tulip head to the product's stabilization structure may fracture, causing the precisely-placed device to shift. This could potentially cause life-threatening side effects.
Did you suffer post-operative side effects after receiving anOASYSMidline Occiput Plate implant?
The OASYS Midline Occiput Plate device was, according to Stryker, "developed to provide the surgeon with unsurpassed versatility for the treatment of pathologies of the occipitocervical junction and the posterior cervical and upper thoratic spine (occiput-T3)." Intended to help individuals who had sustained severe spinal injuries, the OASYS is a temporary device designed to promote fusion of the cervical spine and provide stabilization between the occipital bone and vertebrae in the spine during the patient's recovery. The delicate area of the body in which this surgery occurs requires precise placement of the device, and should the device shift, it could pose risk of damage to the spinal cord.
Allegedly, the pin holding the tulip head to the plate body, which provides stabilization in a very sensitive area of the spine, may fracture. Once the pin fractures, the tulip head may detach from the base of the device, potentially causing it to shift from its intended position. This would alter the way in which the product was carefully placed in the spinal area and allegedly could cause severe injuries.
All patients who received the an implant distributed between April 23, 2010 and February 12, 2013 are urged to return to their physician for a post-operative plate evaluation to determine if the implant was faulty or if serious side effects may manifest. Even if side effects or symptoms have not manifested they may do so in the future.
If you had spinal surgery using an OASYS Midline Occiput Plate implant to stabilize the damaged site, you may have legal recourse.


The Meridian High School Band of Gold was proud to present their 2018 competition show entitled "Pursuit of the Throne" at the UIL Marching Competition. They received straight 1's, which is the first time in school history the band has made this high of an accomplishment. The last time the band made an overall 1, was in 2000. However, straight 1's was not accomplished. They will be going to the Area Marching Competition in Whitney, Texas on Saturday, October 27! Congratulations!!
Drum majors are Michelle Santamaria.
Color Guard Captain is Norah Lira. Other Color Guard members are Abby Edwards and Angela Paniagua.
The Meridian High School Band competed March 6, 2019 at the Region 8 UIL Concert and Sightreading Contest at Yoe High School in Cameron. The band earned a 1 (Superior) on stage and a 1 (Superior) in sightreading. These ratings, combined with their first division rating in marching band from the fall, earned the band an overall Sweepstakes trophy. This is the highest award that a band can earn for a whole year's worth of work.
For Meridian, this is the first sweepstakes award that the band program has earned in 19 years! Congratulations band!


text:
Q: Array.push is empty outside while loop Array.push works fine if I console.log inside the loop. However, the array is empty outside the loop. Any thoughts on why?
It was working fine before, I changed something and the array has been empty ever since even if I undo the changes.
this.router.post('/hello', async(req, res) =>{

            console.log("We are in");
            var connection = mysql.createConnection({
                host     : 'host12',
                user     : 'root12',
                password : 'password12',
                database : 'db12',

            });

            var count = req.body.count;
            console.log("the count:" +count);

            while(i<count) {

                connection.query('INSERT INTO x (DateM) VALUES ("2021-10-10")', function (error, result, field) {
                    if (error) {
                        console.log("Insert Error: " + error);
                    } else {
                        insertID = result.insertId;

                        connection.query("UPDATE table SET mitID =" +insertID "where ID=" + insertID, function (errors, results, fields) {
                            if (errors) {
                                console.log("Update Errors: " + errors);
                            } else {
                                console.log(results);
                                var cId = Q + insertID;
                                idList.push(cId);

                            }
                        });

                    }
                });
                i++;
            }
            console.log(idList);
            res.json(idList);
        });

Thanks!

A:  while(i<count) {

     connection.query('INSERT INTO x (DateM) VALUES ("2021-10-10", ...
}
console.log(idList);
res.json(idList);

The problem is that you defined callback for connection.query and manipulated idList there.
This part res.json(idList); actually runs before query is completed.
To fix it, you need to use await.
while(i < count) {
    let {error, result, field} = await connect.query(...query);
    ...copy callback function body here

    i+++
}
...

A: The connection query does an async call that returns after the query is done allowing the console.log outside of the loop to run eventually before the queries initialised by have returned to execute the function defined inside the query return. So idList will be empty and then when the queries return idList will be populated.
Best is to use an event based return that basically waits for the queries to finish and then execute the next query in a queue.
Here is the code for such an event object:

var Web = {};
/**
 * Event handler class to handle event driven calls in a queue
 * @class Api.Events
 * @for MD
*/
Web.Events = function() {
    var callerList = new Array();

    /**
     * The current key at in the queue
     * @property Api.Events.CurrentKey
     * @type String
     * @for Api.Events
     */
    this.CurrentKey = "";

    /**
     * Add wait function in the queue to wait for.
     * @method Api.Events.AddWait
     * @param {String} key The key to add to the queue
     * @param {Function} functionCall The function to call
     * @param {Array} params List of parameters to pass to the function
     * @returns {Object} This event handler
     * @for Api.Events
     */
    this.AddWait = function (key, functionCall, params) {
        var $this = this;

        callerList.push(function () {
            $this.CurrentKey = key;

            var paramsString = "";
            params.forEach(function (item, index) {
                if (paramsString == "")
                    paramsString += "params[" + index + "]";
                else
                    paramsString += ",params[" + index + "]";
            });

            eval("functionCall(" + paramsString + ");");
        });

        return $this;
    };

    /**
     * Execute the next item in the queue
     * @method Api.Events.ExecNext
     * @for Api.Events
     */
    this.ExecNext = function () {
        if (callerList.length > 0) {
            var functionCall = callerList[0];
            callerList.splice(0, 1);
            functionCall();
        }
        else
            this.ExecutionDone();
    };

    /**
     * (Override this function) Function called when execution is done.
     * @method Api.Events.ExecutionDone
     * @for Api.Events
     */
    this.ExecutionDone = function () {
    };

    /**
     * (Override this function) Function when execution of function was successful.
     * @method Api.Events.SuccessCall
     * @param {Object} data The data passed to the function
     * @for Api.Events
     */
    this.SuccessCall = function (data) {
    };

    /**
     * (Override this function) Function when execution of function failed
     * @method Api.Events.FailCall
     * @param {Object} err The error in the failure
     * @for Api.Events
     */
    this.FailCall = function (err) {
    };

    /**
     * Function to set for execution done as one unit object
     * @method Api.Events.ExecuteDone
     * @param {Function} functionToSet The function to set for ExecutionDone
     * @return {Object} The event handler
     * @for Api.Events
     */
    this.ExecuteDone = function (functionToSet) {
        this.ExecutionDone = functionToSet;
        return this;
    };

    /**
     * Function to set for successful call of event as one unit object
     * @method Api.Events.Success
     * @param {Function} functionToSet The function to set for SuccessCall
     * @return {Object} The event handler
     * @for Api.Events
     */
    this.Success = function (functionToSet) {
        var $this = this;
        this.SuccessCall = functionToSet;
        return $this;
    };

    /**
     * Function to set for fail call of event as one unit object
     * @method Api.Events.Fail
     * @param {Function} functionToSet The function to set for FailCall
     * @return {Object} The event handler
     * @for Api.Events
     */
    this.Fail = function (functionToSet) {
        this.FailCall = functionToSet;
        return this;
    };

    return this;
};

Web.Events.ExecQueue = function (queue) {
    return new Promise(function (resolve, reject) {
        var $this = this;

        var currentExecIndex = 0;

        var ExecNextItem = function () {
            currentExecIndex++;

            if (currentExecIndex < queue.length) {
                execNext(currentExecIndex);
            } else {
                resolve();
            }
        }

        var execNext = function (currentExecIndex) {
            var params = queue[currentExecIndex][1];
            var functionCall = queue[currentExecIndex][0];
            var paramsString = "";

            params.forEach(function (item, index) {
                if (paramsString == "")
                    paramsString += "params[" + index + "]";
                else
                    paramsString += ",params[" + index + "]";
            });

            var checkNext = function () {
                if (queue[currentExecIndex][2] !== true) {
                    ExecNextItem();
                }
            }
            eval("functionCall(" + paramsString + ").then(function () { checkNext(); }).catch(function (error) { reject(error); });");

            if (queue[currentExecIndex][2] === true) {
                ExecNextItem();
            }
        }

        execNext(currentExecIndex);
    });
};

var listAdd = [];
var events = new Web.Events();

events.ExecutionDone = () => {
  console.log(listAdd);
}

var doQuery = (query) => {
  console.log('Do Query: ', query);
  listAdd.push(query);

  events.ExecNext();
}

events.AddWait('Query 1', doQuery, [ 'Query 1' ]);
events.AddWait('Query 2', doQuery, [ 'Query 2' ]);
events.ExecNext();

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


It is an accessory, but most of us don't see it that way, we use it every day and don't change it very often. Yes, our wallet is an integral part of our lives. I talked with Brett Ehresmann about Baurdi leather wallets.
They host and protect our credit cards, money, ID cards, and family pictures. We use it many times during the day, we see it constantly, so we don't realize that it is aged with us. The wallets we use reflect us. One day Brett Ehresmann decided to turn his passion for wallets into a business opportunity when he had to change his wallet he used for a long time, and the Baurdi brand was born. I talked with Brett Ehresmann, Founder and Owner of Baurdi, about Baurdi leather wallets.
Brett, before talking about Baurdi, could you tell us about yourself?
I grew up in the suburbs of Minneapolis, always interested in computers and technology. I have my degree in electrical engineering and work as an automation engineer by day. By night and weekends - I run Baurdi.
When did you first become interested in wallets?
I've always been interested in good style and presenting myself as a man of sophistication and class. I feel that dressing sharp portrays a level of self-respect, and also commands the respect of others. It was around late 2014 when I realized my frayed old wallet was holding me back.
How did you decide to establish Baurdi? What inspired you?
During my search for a new wallet to match the rest of my wardrobe, I noticed that most wallets out there are simply the after-thought of some clothing brand. They are cheap, mass-produced, and feel more like plastic than leather. I decided it was time for a change in the trend.
Could you tell us about Baurdi?
Your wallet is the one piece of your wardrobe that you wear every single day! Simply put, we strive to make you happy to carry your wallet, and proud to show it off.
How would you describe Baurdi design and manufacturing philosophy?
The design of our wallets is largely influenced by our customers. We are constantly looking for feedback or sending out surveys asking our customers what they would like to see from us next. Our wallets are customer-driven products that go through stages of re-design and thorough testing before hitting your pockets.
What type of wallets do you offer to your customers? Could you briefly tell us about your products and their features?
What type of leathers do you use in your wallets?
All of our wallets are constructed using only 100% full-grain leather. If you are looking for a quality leather product, you have to start here. Other types of leather are thin, weak, manufactured, and undesirable. Full-grain is the top layer of the hide, making it the strongest and most durable. It also shows any small imperfections from the animal, making each piece unique and personal.
Social media platform are new catwalk podiums for fashion brands. What is the importance of social media for you? How can our readers follow Baurdi?
Social media is our favorite way to give the Baurdi family behind the scenes look into what's going on and what's coming up at Baurdi! We love being able to engage with our fellow leather enthusiasts and to show off our leathers and designs to new followers. My favorite use of social media is reposting the great pictures our customers post with their new wallets.
Where can our readers buy Baurdi wallets?
We are continuing to mold our lineup based on our customer feedback! In 2019, we are looking to add some more two-tone leather options to our wallets, as well as a possible launch of a women's clutch. Stay tuned!
If you don't feel a sense of pride when you take out your wallet - I urge you to take a look at our lineup and take your carry game to the next level!
Thank you Brett for your time.


At Smiles of Elgin, we take pride in providing dental services and orthodontics in Elgin, IL and nearby areas. Whether you are a child, teenager, or adult, we will help to create for you your best smile and ensure that your oral health is at it's best, as well.
We know that an excellent dental condition and healthy smile can make all the difference in a person's life—and we want each patient to leave our clinic with the confidence that comes from a beautiful smile! We also provide our customers with braces and help with maintenance, as well as Invisalign.
Patients come to our Elgin IL dental office from Illinois Park, Clintonville, Sherwood Oaks, Almora, and nearby communities because they appreciate the level of dental care offered at Smiles of Elgin. We keep your comfort our priority at all times, and we always take a gentle approach.
By offering a complete menu of General dentistry services makes it convenient to call us your family dental healthcare provider.


text:
Tag / Kalgoorlie
August 12, 2017 August 12, 2017 by Eddie
Dry hair: our proposal to save traditional marriage
Love, Stupidity
bathing, Claremont, Kalgoorlie, marriage
This is what we must stop. And soon.
Something is endangering the very foundation of marriage. And we at Dodgy Perth are taking a stand. We would like, no we insist on, a plebiscite to defend the very core of traditional holy matrimony.
What can this awful thing be, you ask? Is it mixed-race marriages? Is it a Roman Catholic marrying an Anglican? Or is it The Gays demanding the right to be as miserable as their heterosexual counterparts? Nope. None of those. It is much, much worse. We refer, of course, to the horror of mixed bathing.
As Western Australia left behind the values of the 19th century, the question of whether men and women should be allowed to enter the same stretch of water at the same time became the most pressing issue of the hour.
Take Kalgoorlie, for example. In 1912 the council had to decide whether to allow 'family bathing' in the local pool. The experiment had been tried at Claremont, they were told, but it required the local police and three private security guards to be on patrol at all times, otherwise who knows what might happen? Kalgoorlie wisely decided to delay any decisions on the matter
And they were right to do so. As the newspapers explained the following year, bathing suits have a bad effect on the male libido and marriage rates plummet as a consequence.
In times gone by, men were entranced by the sight of girls daintily and modestly attired, and affection sprang from a kind of worship of something which charmed. Are bare necks, bare arms and bare legs, with ugly skull caps, a bewitching spectacle? What effect has the ungraceful 'flopping' of the feminine figure on the male emotions? The desire to harpoon it rather than embrace it is probably one result.
The debate raged on for years, but by 1920 science had definitively settled the question. Marriage rates were dropping because the mere sight of the bathing female kills all possibility of reproduction: "The spectacle of a girl in a dripping bathing costume, with wet hair hanging over her eyes, and looking like a bedraggled Skye terrier, has been responsible for many a man taking an oath of celibacy".
So there you have it. This is the line which must be drawn. Marriage must be protected from change. And mixed bathing is change. Demand the plebiscite now.
July 7, 2016 by Eddie
Damn you, Hoover
Herbert Hoover, Hilton Ross Greer, Kalgoorlie, Palace Hotel, urban myth
Topless, in a Kalgoorlie bar? The Dodgy Perth team wouldn't know about such things.
Mirror, mirror on the wall… Do you have anything to do with Hoover at all?
The Dodgy Perth team is spending some much needed downtime in Kalgoorlie. Like good historians, we booked ourselves into the Palace Hotel, which was probably much finer when it opened in 1897. Downstairs is the Hoover Bar; upstairs you can stay in the Hoover Suite. In the foyer is the famous Hoover Mirror, together with a copy of a romantic poem he sent to a barmaid at the Palace with whom he had fallen in love.
Herbert Hoover, 31st President of the USA, was a mining engineer on the Goldfields from 1897, just as the Palace Hotel opened. He was a regular visitor to the pub, and when he left town Hoover gave them the magnificent mirror as a parting gift. And the long poem addressed to his local sweetheart, the first verse going:
Do you ever dream, my sweetheart, of a twilight long ago,
Of a park in old Kalgoorlie, where the bouganvilleas grow?
Where the moonbeams on the pathways trace a shimmering brocade
And the overhanging peppers form a lover's promenade?
They quite like Herbert Hoover at the Palace Hotel, and a great deal of their advertising likes to stress the connection. But, unfortunately (as you've probably guessed by now) all the above is total and utter rubbish. Except for the bit about Hoover working on the Goldfields.
The poem isn't by Hoover at all (who, like many engineers, couldn't write lyrically if he tried) but by Texas poet Hilton Ross Greer in 1906. It was originally set in Mexico and addressed to Carita. Someone, probably someone who had never visited Kal since it now contains references to things that were never there, simply substituted local allusions for the original:
Do you ever dream, Carita, of a twilight long ago,
When the stars rained silver slendor from the skies of Mexico?
When the moonbeams on the plaza traced a shimmering brocade,
And the fountain's tinkling tumult seemed a rippling serenade?
As for the mirror, it's never mentioned until after a major redevelopment of the Palace in 1936, where it suddenly becomes advertised as a tourist attraction. Originally just described as a 'banksia-framed mirror' in the dining room, a couple of years later it had obtained a new story about its origin.
The manageress, Mrs V Cook, spun a tale about how it had been made in Florence in the 1850s, shown at the Melbourne Exhibition in 1880, cost £1000 to make, had originally been covered in gold leaf, could grant wishes, and had been painted brown by her late husband to fit in with the rest of the furniture. Actually, we believe that last bit.
The mirror looks 19th century, and is certainly magnificent and worth the trip to Kal just to see it. Even more so now they've stripped off the brown paint and restored it to its original (gilt-less) beauty. But, sorry Palace Hotel, it has nothing to do with Herbert Hoover. Nor does the poem.
Sometimes, being a historian is a bit like telling kids about Father Christmas.
June 27, 2015 by Eddie
Like Aversion
Aversion, cheating, Gingin, Kalgoorlie, Loch Var
Kalgoorlie Racecourse
Thousands of fashionably dressed men and women cheered as they battled down the straight for the finish at Kalgoorlie. Yet only a few days later, the winning horse had his head smashed in and his carcase set alight near Gingin.
A hoof from the poor animal was hung in the criminal museum at Perth Police Station for many years. It should be clear 1918 was an unusual year for racing in Western Australia.
The hoof was from Aversion, a horse at the centre of one of the most remarkable stories in the history of the Australian turf.
Now forgotten, Aversion was a first-class performer on the metropolitan courses. He won several big races and was at the top of his form when he was disqualified for a year. As far as the public knew, Aversion had been sent to a paddock for semi-retirement.
The 1918 Goldfields racing season was massive. Perth horses were drifting into town to prepare for the big races. Shortly before the event, an unknown horse named Loch Var was nominated for a third-class handicap. The paperwork submitted with his application showed he was a mediocre performer, and the handicapper treated him leniently.
On the day of the race, it was pouring. Loch Var was brought into the saddling paddock. Although heavily rugged, several commentators noted he looked strong and might do well for himself in the future.
Strange news started filtering through the course. Loch Var, an unknown newcomer, was being backed off the boards. The cash was pouring in, and no matter how the bookmakers lowered the odds, there were still takers. Any price was good enough.
Then they were off! Straight to the lead went Loch Var, and it was no race. In the pouring rain he opened a bigger and bigger gap. But what most people failed to notice in the excitement was the effect of the water on his steaming body. The horse's white blaze had shifted its position, and a white fetlock was now practically washed off.
There was only one subject of conversation that night. There had been a gigantic swindle! Loch Var was the disqualified Aversion, and should have carried at least twenty kilograms more than he did.
Loch Var's owners put him straight on a train back to Perth. They did not wait to collect the stake, and did not need to. They had got all they wanted from the books.
But the police were moving. However, moments before they caught up with the criminals, the horse was taken to a paddock at Gingin, his head clubbed and the body set on fire.
The gang was prosecuted, and banned from all racecourses for life.
What remains of Aversion now? Dodgy Perth would love to know if the hoof still exists in a forgotten box in the police archives. Anyone know?
It's getting hard for miners
Collison & Laking, erectile disfunction, herbal medicine, Kalgoorlie, wet dreams
If you've ever stayed up late watching SBS you will probably have noticed those adverts. The ones where they prey on men's fears of declining performance and then offer a medical miracle that will turn you into a bunny again.
The Dodgy Perth office would like to assure readers that we have no problems in that department. Proof may be obtained in exchange for a meal and single red rose.
But before nasally delivered medicine, do you suppose that men didn't fret about their declining performance? Of course they did. Even hardened miners feel pressure to perform.
And where there is anxiety, there will be someone out to make a profit.
In 1908, it was herbalists Collison & Laking, who plied their trade next to the Maritana Hotel in Kalgoorlie. They advertised they could cure all diseases of a private nature: failing manhood, nocturnal emissions, and night losses. (Impotence and wet dreams, basically.)
But first, you need to know how a strong manly miner could have come to such a situation. The answer is, as ever, simple. He disobeyed Nature's Laws when he was young. And this is his punishment.
No, our grizzly gold digger had not broken the law of gravity. Worse. He had engaged in an (at least one) act of masturbation when a teenager. The shame. The pity. The horrible consequences.
But there was no point in getting all depressed about this dreadful violation of Nature's Laws. Instead, he simply needed to nip over to Collison & Laking who were the specialists who could sell him a remedy before it was too late.
They stressed that ordinary medicines were useless in these cases. Only herbal medicine could restore true manliness.
So, to all Dodgy Perth readers who have indulged in self-pleasure in the distant past, before you fully understood the consequences, we say beware. And get yourself down to your nearest herbalist.
Then we can talk about that dinner date.
April 1, 2015 August 17, 2015 by Eddie
You know what gets my goat?
Edward Chidlow, goat, Hare Street, Kalgoorlie, Owen O'Neill
Who are you calling a hillbilly?
Animal rights activists, look away now. Dodgy Perth presents a horrible tale of goat cruelty from 1905. The scene is Hare Street, Kalgoorlie, around 5 o'clock in the afternoon.
An elderly man, Owen O'Neill, drives his cart up to Edward Chidlow's house and screams out that the occupant is "a EXPLETIVE DELETED murderer" and "a EXPLETIVE DELETED convict". The old gentleman dares Edward to come out and settle this like a real man.
Receiving no response, Owen slowly pulls away, continuing to yell abuse.
What could have caused such drama? As it turns out, the death of Owen's beloved goat.
He had owned a milch goat which much appreciated in Kal. One small girl had been so sick she could consume nothing but a little goat's milk. Now the goat was dead, and the little girl cried all the time.
Did we forget to mention how the goat died? Edward had lured it from Owen's premises, shot it, and cut its throat.
The heartbroken Owen walked up to the murderer and asked: "Did you kill this goat?" Edward calmly, and somewhat harshly, replied with a simple "Yes."
After that, every time he encountered the old man, Edward put his fingers to his nose and baa-a-aa at him like his poor deceased goat.
Of course the whole thing ended up in court. Owen was found guilty of using abusive language in a public place and heavily fined, with the threat of one month's hard labour if he failed to pay.
The goat murderer, of course, walked free. Justice? It ain't what it used to be.
March 23, 2015 March 23, 2015 by Eddie
Murder and riots: just another evening in Kal
ANZAC, Glen Devon Hotel, Hannan Street, Jim Gotti, Kalgoorlie, returned soldiers, Thomas Northwood
Glen Devon Hotel, Kalgoorlie, 1912
As part of Dodgy Perth's ongoing quest to bring harmony and love between all sections of Western Australian society, we dig up a forgotten story of Italians and Australians brawling in Kalgoorlie.
It all kicked off in August 1919, with a small disturbance between a few Italians and Australians, who had a brief fight at the Majestic Café.
As the Italians left through the back door, one of them picked up a knife. Later that evening, the same group of Italians, still looking for trouble, brawled with some young men at the corner of Hannan and Porter Streets.
In the commotion a returned soldier, Thomas Northwood, was stabbed in the buttock by Jim Gotti, a 23 year old Italian.
Northwood bled profusely, and although several people tried to assist, none of them knew first aid. By the time the doctor arrived, it proved impossible to save him.
Meanwhile, another returned soldier had been stabbed, although without fatal results.
As the Italians headed towards the Glen Devon Hotel—the main watering hole for Southern European woodcutters and miners—they broke windows, and fired shots from a revolver.
As news of Northwood's death spread, a bell ringer walked through Kal's main streets summoning all returned soldiers to assemble the next day.
Several hundred did so at the Soldiers' Institute, determined to get their revenge against the Italian community.
The Resident Magistrate addressed the crowd and appealed to the men not to use violence. The Italians would soon be back at their camps on the woodline, he said, and the whole thing will be over.
The crowd was having none of it. "They must leave the country," was the chant.
The returned soldiers agreed not to take revenge if the Government deported all Italians and closed all Italian-owned hotels. And, if all Italians had not left the goldfields by Saturday night the consequences would be severe.
A couple of hundred young men still decided to make their feelings known at the Glen Devon Hotel. Despite a strong police guard, a number managed to force their way in to confront the patrons.
Perhaps unsurprisingly, the hotel was deserted.
The would-be rioters decided to help themselves to a few drinks, and tore down an Italian flag hanging behind the bar. They then moved on to another hotel where Italians were known to drink, where windows were broken and more booze stolen.
But failing to find anyone to fight, the crowd slowly dispersed.
The Italian community was not prepared to risk staying in town. Some fled to Perth, while others went to the camps on the woodline a few kilometres from Kalgoorlie.
A few Italian families remained, but it was promised that these would be left in peace.
One of the more unpleasant aftermaths of the whole affair was a general mood across the State that employment should only go to Britishers and that 'aliens' should be forbidden from either employment or renting houses.
Preference for our own? Foreigners taking our jobs? Sounds familiar, somehow.
March 11, 2015 April 25, 2016 by Eddie
Anzac profits
ANZAC, Anzac biscuits, Anzac Cottage, Boans, Bunbury, Dryblower, Imperial Boot Co, Kalgoorlie, Mt Hawthorn
A few Anzac gifts available from the Post Office
As you bite into your Anzac biscuit, preparing to celebrate Anzac Day at Anzac Cottage, or maybe have a pint at the Oxford Hotel on the corner of Anzac Road, or…
You get the point. Anzac is a bit more than a military term. It's a word full of emotion and value. Value in the 'give me all of the money' sense, that is.
The wonderful Ms History Punk has exposed the cashing in immediately—really immediately—after the word Anzac was coined. It wasn't even an official word at first, just a nickname. It wasn't even popular with some soldiers. So Ms Punk explores the seedy world of business folk safe back home in Australia who never missed a chance to make a little extra.
Like the Imperial Boot Co on Hay Street who announced an Anzac Sale in 1916. Yep. Apparently all those Anzac heroes going off to war meant they weren't buying footwear like they should have been. And the poor shop was overstocked. So here was your chance to get some cheap shoes before the soldiers came home and the prices went back up again. That's what they meant by Anzac Sale!
If you were in Bunbury during WWI and fancied a cool drink, fruit, lollies, or perhaps some beef or ham, we'd recommend the deli quickly renamed The Anzac to catch the current mood. Or if you were in Kalgoorlie, why not eat at the Anzac Grill Rooms?
Didn't get a residence built for you by the local community? Presumably that's because you weren't a wounded serviceman. Never mind, estate agents will still sell you a lovely house as close as possible to Mt Hawthorn's Anzac Cottage. Really close if you can afford a bit extra.
And finally, not serving overseas? Well you can pretend you are by buying some Anzac badges and Anzac hat pins to wear on Anzac Day. Then you can imagine you're playing your part. And Boans can make a profit. By coincidence, of course.
It was all getting so out of hand that the WA poet Dryblower (aka Edwin Murphy) imagined a dystopia where:
It's 'Anzac Cottage' and 'Anzac-street,'
Anzac sox for your tender feet;
Anzac collars and Anzac ties,
Anzac puddings and Anzac pies.
Anzac stockings and Anzac shoes,
Anzac buttons and Anzac booze.
There's an Anzac hat for an Anzac head,
And an Anzac bridegroom newly wed,
While spoony pairs will be sighing soon
For a sweet little Anzac honeymoon!
We were spared this nightmare when the Government suddenly banned the use of the word on anything commercial.
But you should still go to Anzac Cottage. And eat an Anzac biscuit. And be thankful we were spared Anzac socks. Although a pint of Anzac booze would go down nicely right now.
January 21, 2015 August 29, 2015 by Eddie
Ginger pride
Kalgoorlie, Perth, redheads
One member of the redheaded league
Gentlemen prefer blondes, but they marry brunettes. Quite what they do with redheads is unclear. But in a world exclusive, Dodgy Perth can reveal the upside to dating a bluey. They won't leave you. Ever.
In keeping with the high standards of journalism of the day, in 1938 The Mirror posed questions of world importance:
Is the colour of a man's hair any guide to his faithfulness as a husband? Would Perth girls prefer to marry red-headed men rather than dark or fair men? And are red-headed women as faithful as red-haired men?
For answers, they turned to a well-known city divorce lawyer:
I suppose I can say that during the 30-odd years I have been in and out of the divorce court, I only remember one redheaded man being sued for divorce. His trouble was not unfaithfulness, but drink. I can't recall any others.
And what about the fair sex?
I can't say the same for them. I've seen quite a number of red-haired women in the divorce court. Strangely enough, too, they're usually fine lookers. But, for the number there are, a good percentage of them seem to find it hard to stick to their husbands.
Oh dear. But please go on, Mr lawyer.
In Kalgoorlie was a barmaid at one of the hotels who was everyone's sweetheart and nobody's bride. She was co-re in more divorce cases than anyone else I know.
So there you are. So, before you go out on a second date, make sure his hair is red. And before you marry, make sure her's isn't.
Beautiful, but unfaithful. Allegedly.
January 17, 2015 January 17, 2015 by Eddie
Will I get into the club dressed like this?
children, Kalgoorlie, pipes
They brought kids up right in Kalgoorlie in the 1920s.
(Captioned Studio portrait of Master Cahill posed with a blazer and pipe, Kalgoorlie; SLWA 034658PD)


text:
EDITORIAL: New coronavirus variant requires increased caution, not panic
A new coronavirus variant is worrying, but prudence and caution can keep us safe
Photo by Pixabay.com
As a new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) variant emerges, caution, not panic, will keep us safe.
As we witness the emergence of the omicron variant of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), people have begun to worry. Initially discovered in South Africa, the variant is cause for some concern as preliminary reports suggest that the variant could potentially increase its transmissibility and its severity. Another unknown is whether those who are vaccinated retain protection from this variant.
As we have learned, COVID-19 does not know borders, and as such, this variant has begun to spread to other countries and has begun to infect people outside of South Africa.
To ease some fears and to offer an update on the American fight against the pandemic, President Joseph R. Biden Jr. held a press conference this past weekend to address the variant and to announce travel restrictions on several nations in southern Africa. Although Biden stressed caution, he also underscored that people should not panic about the variant.
The variant comes at a time when people are growing tired of the pandemic: The almost constant emergence of new variants, a sense of protection offered by immunization and a return to a seemingly normal holiday season have made people ready to put the pandemic squarely in the past. People are suffering from pandemic fatigue, and they want to be able to enjoy the holiday season without worrying.
While we should not panic, we should begin to exercise some more caution. As the holidays are upon us and since many see these holidays as the first opportunity to gather fully with family and friends in two years, we do not want to make things worse. We want to be able to enjoy the holidays fully and together.
Due to South Africa's transparency, we have been given time to prepare and mitigate the brunt of this new strain. With this time, we must enact the best pandemic practices so that we can continue enjoying the holidays. As a result, we must make sure we are vaccinated, and if we are vaccinated and eligible, we must seek out booster shots, we must return to adhering to masking protocols more strictly and we must get tested more frequently.
These steps offer a simple path to ensuring the holiday season continues with little disruption. The omicron variant is coming here — that seems inevitable — but we do not have to suffer the same way we did nearly two years ago. We can take steps, we can apply what we have learned about the nature of pandemics over these years and insulate ourselves from the worst effects.
While we can do these things, new strains will continue to emerge until there is global vaccine equity. We need to make sure policymakers understand this and begin to distribute vaccines to every country and administer vaccines to all people — regardless of where they live or their socioeconomic status.
Vaccines must be made more available, and more people must begin to get vaccinated as different variants continue to emerge. Until more people are vaccinated — both nationally and globally — we will continue to live in this state of uncertainty, and even fear, that is beneficial to no one. Vaccines offer freedom from the virus. That point is made even clearer when new variants emerge.
While so much of the pandemic must be handled at the national level, Rutgers students deserve better communication and clarity from the administration. Rutgers needs to communicate better to its students about the variant and about what is being done to keep students safe. Rutgers has had a strong response to the pandemic — they must continue by taking the variant seriously and by being transparent to students.
One easy avenue for Rutgers to take immediately would be for the University to better advertise the availability of boosters on campus and how easy it is for students to schedule their booster shot. Students can follow this link to make an appointment and get their booster. Boosters are an easy and effective way to minimize the threat of the variant.
Rutgers should also communicate better with the students about the nature of the variant and, even more generally, the state of the pandemic. There has been national confusion over who can get a booster and whether you can mix the vaccines for boosters.
At this point, every adult who has received the vaccine is eligible for a booster six months after their second dose of the Moderna or Pfizer vaccine and two months after the Johnson & Johnson vaccine. Additionally, if you received the Pfizer vaccine originally, you can get a Moderna booster.
Rutgers should send an email that clears these issues up and makes sure the Rutgers population is aware of these facts so that people have a coherent sense of what they can get and what they should do.
While we all contend with the new variant, we must not overreact. It is easy to worry, but worrying achieves nothing. We can take direct steps that mitigate the effects of the variant. We can get boosters, we can wear our masks, we can exercise greater caution. In fact, we must do these things. And when we do these things, we will finally be able to enjoy the holidays with friends and family.
The Daily Targum's editorials represent the views of the majority of the 153rd editorial board. Columns, cartoons and letters do not necessarily reflect the views of the Targum Publishing Company or its staff.
BEDI: US cities must do better for homeless individuals
Dec 7 - Sumit Bedi
EDITORIAL: Food pantries are only the beginning in addressing food insecurity
Dec 6 - The Daily Targum
PARK: Start shopping small
Dec 3 - Annabel Park
EDITORIAL: White-collar crime cannot go unpunished


text:
Cosme Maño es un cultivar de higuera de tipo higo común Ficus carica, unífera de higos de epidermis con color de fondo amarillo verdoso con sobre color morado, su cuello amarillo verdoso y verde amoratado alrededor del ostiolo. Se cultiva en la colección de higueras de Montserrat Pons i Boscana en Lluchmayor Islas Baleares.

Sinonímia
 "Cosme Manyo" en Islas Baleares.

Historia
Actualmente la cultiva en su colección de higueras baleares Montserrat Pons i Boscana, rescatada de un solo ejemplar que quedaba vivo y olvidado en la localidad de Llubí en Mallorca.

Esta variedad se encontraba en Lluchmayor,introducida en su cultivo por un tal Cosme Maño, de ahí su nombre. Esterlich cita y describe esta variedad de higuera el 16 de octubre de 1908.

Características

La higuera 'Cosme Maño' es una variedad unífera de tipo higo común. Árbol de mediano desarrollo, follaje denso, hojas de 1 y de 3 (40%) lóbulos con dientes presentes. 'Cosme Maño' es de producción media de higos.

Los higos 'Cosme Maño' son higos urceolados ligeramente piriformes aplastados en la parte basal, que no presentan frutos aparejados, de unos 38 gramos en promedio, de epidermis de color de fondo  amarillo verdoso con sobre color morado, su cuello amarillo verdoso y verde amoratado alrededor del ostiolo. Ostiolo de 2 a 3 mm con escamas pequeñas rosadas. Pedúnculo de 3 a 8 mm cilíndrico verde claro. Grietas longitudinales y marcadas. Costillas poco marcadas. Con un ºBrix (grado de azúcar) de 30, con firmeza media, con color de la pulpa rojo intenso. De una calidad excelente en su valoración organoléptica, son de un inicio de maduración sobre el 12 de septiembre hasta el 24 de octubre y de producción media. Son resistentes a la lluvia con maduración tardía.

Aptos para higo de consumo en fresco.

Cultivo
'Cuello de Dama Blanco', es una variedad de higo blanco, reconocida por su piel fina e intenso dulzor, que se está tratando de recuperar de un solo ejemplar existente cultivado en la colección de higueras baleares de Montserrat Pons i Boscana. en Lluchmayor.

Véase también
 Jardín Botánico Mundani
 Cicytex-Finca La Orden
 Huertos Experimentales Wolfskill
 Arboretum du Figuier
 Fenología
 Apomixia
 Floración, polinización y cuaje en árboles frutales

Referencias

Bibliografía

Enlaces externos
 Issuu.com/zaratustra1/docs/catalogo_de_especies_finca_la_orden.
 Qcom.es/alimentacion/reportajes/variedades-comerciales-de-higos-y-brevas-para-su-consumo-en-fresco.
 Archivo.infojardin.com/tema/higo-cuello-de-dama-informacion.
 El huerto urbano.net/frutales/variedades-de-higueras/.
 Interempresas.net/Horticola/Articulos/161722-Variedades-de-higuera-interesantes-para-el-consumo-en-fresco.
 Agroecologia.net/recursos/publicaciones/publicaciones-online/2006/CD%20Congreso%20Zaragoza/Ponencias.pdf
 Fichas de variedades de higueras.
 Figuiers de France.

Ficus carica
Variedades de higuera

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


are an excellent challenge for fast finishers and visual perceptual skill practice.Visual spatial skill requires the ability to visually perceive two or more objects in relation to each other. Visual spatial ability is very important in body awareness, spatial orientation, map skills, higher level math, computer skills, science and more.
Get a free sample visual spatial maze to see how the lines overlap and intersect.


text:
Courtesy, New Orleans Jazz Museum
New Orleans Jazz Museum Annual Gala this Weekend
By: Esther Boone
The New Orleans Jazz Museum is holding its 5th Annual Improvisations Gala on Saturday, December 3 at the museum's landmark location, 400 Esplanade Avenue. The Annual Gala is a ticketed event, set to run from 8 p.m. to 11 p.m., with the event's exclusive Patron's Party kicking off an hour earlier at 7 p.m.
The Improvisations Gala
This year's Gala will host an impressive selection of New Orleans' most talented musicians, who will be featured across the event's multiple performance stages. The music will be accompanied by some of the city's best cocktails and cuisine, and all guests will also have the opportunity to enjoy some of the museum's finest visual installations.
The line-up includes Irma Thomas, GALACTIC, featuring Angelika "Jelly" Joseph, Mahmoud Chouki, Aurora Nealand, Trumpet Mafia, Tim Laughlin, Victor Atkins and so much more. The Patron Party from 7-8 will feature the Germaine Bazzle Band with Charlie Gabriel and delicious bites from Drago's Seafood Restaurant, Galatoire's, Acme, and Dickie Brennan & Co.
Overall, it's set to be a night full of celebration and appreciation for the Big Easy's favorite art form.
There is a Cyber Monday sale--today, November 28 until midnight, only. Buy 2 General Admission tickets for only $200! That's $100 off two tickets You must purchase a minimum of two tickets to get the deal with code: CYBERMONDAY. Available at www.nolajazzmuseum.org/gala. At their standard costs, Patron Level tickets are $300, and GA tickets go up to $150— so act fast to experience the night at a better price!
The New Orleans Jazz Museum is a special site of Big Easy culture and preservation, located right on the edge of the city's historic French Quarter. Looking not only at the past, but also into the future, the Jazz Museum aims to continue and foster the legacy of jazz music in a way that can only be done from the place it was born.
With a host of visual exhibitions, educational programs, and immersive performance opportunities, the New Orleans Jazz Museum does a lot to keep the musical spirit of the city alive. Its Annual Improvisations Gala donates all funds directly to the museum and its ongoing efforts to remember, teach, and research the art of jazz in its birthplace.
The Jazz Museum is open at 400 Esplanade Avenue from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. on Tuesdays through Sundays. For more information on exhibitions and admission, visit the website here.
For more information on attending the 5th Annual Improvisations Gala, or to purchase tickets, visit the link here.
Zurich Classic Golf Tournament Looking for Volunteers
The Dreamgirls Hit the Stage Once Again!
Krewedelusion appoints Benny Jones Sr. as Ruler of Upcoming Parade
Krewe du Vieux's 2023 Ball to Celebrate OffBeat's Jan Ramsey
Galatoire Foundation Announces Their 17th Annual Mardi Gras Table Auction
Violins of Hope Project is Coming to New Orleans
Things to Do in NOLA This MLK Weekend
New Orleans' Twelfth Night Parades
Fan Expo to Return to New Orleans in 2023


I tested this DiCAPac Alpha waterproof camera case using my Casio Exlim point and shoot camera underwater in the Pacific Ocean, on the beach around sea lions kicking up sand, and river rafting near Telluride, Colorado. Each time, the DiCAPac case kept my camera completely protected from moisture and permitted me to continue taking photos that might otherwise may have been missed. Even better, It also comes with at a very affordable price tag, and DiCaPac offers models for smartphones, which makes it a must have for many travelers.
I was a little nervous about putting a reasonably expensive camera in the water using this DiCAPac Alpha waterproof camera case for the first time. I was somewhat reassured after following the recommended testing procedure, which instructed me to place some tissues in the pouch, sealing the case, and submerging it in a bathtub prior to using it with a camera. It was only after the tissues came out completely dry that I was finally convinced that the case was fully waterproof as advertised.
I first put the case to the test while whitewater rafting near Telluride, Colorado. We were constantly doused by big waves throughout the ride, but the pouch protected the camera, keeping it dry at all times. I did have to wipe down the plastic covering the lens on a few occasions, as the case did not repel the water drops as well as I had hoped. That resulted in photos taken with a wet lens showing blurry sections that I was forced to crop out using Photoshop.
The very first time I took the waterproof case on a beach I promptly dropped it – and the camera inside – into the sand. No problem. I simply rinsed it off in the ocean, and went about my day without any sand managing to find its way inside the delicate camera mechanism.
Perhaps the best use of the case however was while snorkeling. The entire pouch and camera can be completely submerged under the water, truly opening up the opportunities to take some outstanding photos. I was still able to use the camera's zoom and flash features, but chose to leave most of the settings on fully automatic. The results were surprisingly good.
The best photos were taken when I dove under the surface and got eye-level with the fish, turtles and sea lions. As with any underwater digital photos, I found it necessary to use Photoshop to increase saturation and contrast for the best pictures, but that is natural for the setting and not reflective on the performance of the case in any way. I also used the cloning stamp to get rid of the back splash (light reflections of particles in the water), which sometimes make their way into the final shots, but again this was due more to the setting and not the case itself, which continued to do its job just fine.
DiCAPac makes several other protective cases that can be used for inner-zoom point and shoot cameras, and for high-end digital cameras, plus smartphones too. They also make products that help keep the contents of your wallet dry as well. On the company's website, there is a chart that outlines which waterproof camera cases go with specific cameras, making it easier to select the one that best fits your needs. All of the are priced affordably, with cases starting as low as $19.99 depending on your needs.
The one I tested costs $39.95, but the higher end models will set you back as much as $100.
To checkout all of the options available visit dicapacusa.com.


Support "g" at bottom of home screen?
Discussion in 'Android Devices' started by Soldier5ide, Feb 21, 2011.
Suddenly my hero has a semi-transparent black box on the home screen at the bottom, with a lower case g in the middle, in the same font google uses.
Cant figure out where it came from, how to get rid of it, or even what it does, as I can press it but it just opens up whatever icon is underneath it.
I'm on 1.5 on Orange.


NORTHEAST OHIO -- A northeast Ohio woman is accused of scamming elderly and disabled people while serving as their caregiver, allegedly stealing hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of benefits, finances and even loans that she helped patients take out.
Lisa Dotson was indicted in September on five counts of theft, identity fraud and misuse of credit cards, according to court documents.
Dotson reportedly used the stolen funds on gambling, entertainment and luxury purchases.
According to the indictment, Dotson accessed financial accounts of an elderly man with disabilities and stole $633,736 by writing checks, using electronic payments and transfers, changing beneficiary designations and making ACH direct deposits.
She allegedly issued duplicate paychecks to herself in amounts that exceed the "home health aid industry standards for earnings and supplies needed for care of victim."
Dotson also housed a disabled man, according to the indictment, and withdrew his Social Security benefits of approximately $740 each month. She allegedly withdrew his funds and then repeatedly told him the benefits had been cut. Dotson reportedly told authorities the victim had access to the money after she deducted his living costs.
Dotson also allegedly requested personal loans ranging in amounts of $100 to $1,000 from an elderly couple after befriending them when a mutual friend passed away. According to the indictment, she took out $48,860 in loans she had no intention to repay.
Dotson is also charged with identity fraud for using the personal information of a 79-year-old woman with Alzheimer's disease to execute short-term and high interest rate loans, including an unauthorized, superseding power of attorney over the elderly victim in order continue high interest rate loan terms for which elderly victim's car title served as collateral.
According to the indictment, Dotson is also charged with illegal use of Sychrony Bank, Citibank, AmTrust Visa, JCPenny, Home Depot, and Sears credit cards. She allegedly spent between $1,000 to $7,500 in goods or services during a 90-day period.
One of the elderly victims has been identified as the brother of Michelle Knight, one of the three women held against their will in Cleveland for several years.