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Standardization Study of the Korean Version of the Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale for Smoking Cessation (K-SOCRATES-S) and Its Predictive Validity
Psychiatry Investig. 2012;9(3):223-228
Psychiatry InvestigJournal ArchivePsychiatry Investig. 2012;9(3)
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Publication date (electronic) : 2012 September 06
doi : https://doi.org/10.4306/pi.2012.9.3.223
Jae Woo Park1, Kee Hwan Park1, Keun Ho Joe2, Sook Hee Choi3, In Jae Lee4, Ju Hee Hwang4, Min Kwon5, Sheng Min Wang6, Dai Jin Kim6
1Department of Psychology, The Catholic University of Korea College of Social Science, Bucheon, Republic of Korea.
2Department of Psychiatry, Dasarang Central Hospital, Uiwang, Republic of Korea.
3Department of Social Welfare with Addiction Rehabilitation, Eulji University of Korea, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
4College of Human Service, Hanshin University of Korea, Osan, Republic of Korea.
5Addiction Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
6Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Correspondence: Dai Jin Kim, MD, PhD. Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, 505 Banpo-dong, Seocho-gu, Seoul 137-040, Republic of Korea. Tel: +82-2-2258-6933, Fax: +82-2-594-3870, kdj922@chollian.net
Received 2012 February 02; Revised 2012 April 06; Accepted 2012 April 09.
The purpose of the study was to develop the Korean version of the Stage of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale for Smoking Cessation (K-SOCRATES-S) based on the Korean version of the Stages of Readiness for Change and Eagerness for Treatment scale (K-SOCRATES). This paper also demonstrates its reliability and validity among patients with nicotine dependence in South Korea.
At seven healthcare promotion centers in Gyeonggi-do, 333 male smokers aged 20 to 70 who visited smoking cessation clinic were recruited for this study and the K-SOCRATES-S was administered. After three months, the number of respondents who successfully stopped smoking was assessed by testing their urine cotinine level. Subsequently, exploratory factor analysis was performed to verify the reliability and validity of the K-SOCRATES-S. Also, a logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the variables that can predict the successful cessation of smoking on subscales of the K-SOCRATES-S.
Exploratory factor analysis of the K-SOCRATES-S showed that the scale consisted of three factors: Taking Steps, Recognition, and Ambivalence. The scales measuring Taking Steps and Recognition in this scale had a significantly positive correlation with the scores observed on Kim's smoking cessation motivation scale. The scales measuring Taking Steps and Recognition had a significantly negative correlation with Ambivalence. Overall, the results indicate that the K-SOCRATES-K scale showed high validity.
The K-SOCRATES-S developed in the present study is highly reliable and valid for predicting a patient's likelihood of success in quitting smoking among patients who want to cease smoking.
Keywords: SOCRATES; Smoking; Smoking cessation; Motivation scale; Motivational enhancement therapy; Predictive validity
Like many other dependence syndromes, patients with nicotine dependence have a tendency to experience a high degree of craving. The factors associated with the decision to continue to smoke depend on avoiding professional assistance, avoiding the withdrawal symptoms, and either negative or positive reinforcements, or both. The rate at which individuals stop cigarette smoking is reported to be lower when the patients attempt to quit smoking without getting help from accessible assistance, such as nicotine replacement services, medications, or social interventions and among patients who experience various nicotine withdrawal symptoms. When the patients begin to feel tense, anxious, or depressed after not smoking for some period of time, they remove these unpleasant symptoms.
Negative reinforcements such as removing or reducing an unpleasant condition such as withdrawal symptoms may account for ongoing smoking behavior. The positive reinforcement, such as a pleasurable event, also makes smoking cessation difficult. A range of studies have suggested that the patients' motivation or intense desire to quit smoking represent a critical part of the process of smoking cessation.1-5 In this regard, it is vital to not only assess individual motivations, but also take an effective approach to promote motivations when a smoking cessation treatment is provided.
Recently, substantial advances have been made in assessing individuals' motivation to change their behaviors through advances in using a more integrative model of the stages and process of self-change.6 One of the instruments widely used to measure an individual's motivation to change is the Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES). Different versions of SOCRATES have been used in various clinical settings for diverse dependency syndromes. Miller and Tonigan7 initially developed 19 items of the SOCRATES, which loaded on the three relatively independent factors of Ambivalence, Recognition, and Taking Steps. SOCRATES was first designed to measure motivation to change behavior in adults with alcohol problems, and its high reliability and predictive validity have been well established in various clinical settings.8,9 The three subscales of this instrument have been considered to reveal core factors that predict successful behavior changes. Given this background, Korean versions of SOCRATES for smoking (K-SOCRATES-S), which is specifically designed to assess an individual's motivation to quit cigarette smoking, has been developed for the present study. The reliability, construct validity, and predictive validity of this scale for successful smoking cessation has also been demonstrated.
A total of 333 male smokers who visited a smoking cessation clinic in one of seven health promotion centers were selected randomly for the present study. The participants all agreed to participate in the present study and submitted a written informed consent. The demographic characteristics of the subjects are shown in Table 1.
Demographic variables
Developing the K-SOCRATES-S
Each question of the original SOCRATES and its Korean equivalent (K-SOCRATES), which was translated by Chun,10 was modified to fit the smoking cessation goals of the present study. The K-SOCRATES-S contains 19 questions and was converted to English through a translation process that used two translation specialists who had a good command of both English and Korean. The English version is presented in the Appendix.
Performance of smoking-related measures and defining successful smoking cessation
In subjects who participated in the present study, several related measures were conducted. While nicotine replacement therapy was supplemented, assessing whether the participants successfully stopped smoking was performed for three months. The urine cotinine level was measured for each participant who reported that they had successfully quit smoking. Cases with urine cotinine level <100 ng/mL were considered as having successfully quit smoking, whereas those with a urine cotinine level of >100 ng/mL were considered to have failed to quit smoking.
Korean version of SOCRATES-S
The scale developed for the present study included 19 questions modified from the SOCRATES Version 8.0 and its Korean equivalent, which Chun10 translated, were used to assess patients with smoking-induced nicotine dependence. The scale measured participants' motivation to change.
Kim's smoking cessation motivation scale
To verify the concurrent validity of the K-SOCRATES-S, Kim's Smoking Cessation Motivation Scale (KSCMS),11 which was also developed for the present study, was also used. The KSCMS contains 10 questions and evaluates motivations to quit smoking at the early stages of pre-contemplation, contemplation, and preparation. The answers were graded using a 5-point scale ranging from 1 to 5 points. One of the important objectives of the current scale was to detect patients with low motivation to quit smoking and those who are more likely to fail to cease smoking using the initial assessment questions. Questions corresponding to the action and maintenance stages of motivation in the initial assessment were excluded. To avoid random response effects, some questions were inversely scored. The internal consistency of KSCMS was measured to be 0.679.
Factor structure of K-SOCRATES-S and its reliability
To identify the subscales for K-SOCRATES-S, an exploratory factor analysis was performed. Any scales with an eigenvalue greater than 1 were selected. Identical to the methods used to analyze the factors of the original SOCRATES, alpha extraction and varimax rotation were used. The internal consistency for each subscale was also measured.
Validity of K-SOCRATES-S
A correlation analysis was performed for scores indicating low-level factors comprising K-SOCRATES-S and the overall scores of KSCMS. This analysis examined whether each low-level scale of K-SOCRATES-S could relatively measure the independent concepts of the motivation to quit smoking and whether it could measure the similar concepts of other scales that evaluate motivations to stop smoking.
Predictive validity of K-SOCRATES-S
To determine whether the K-SOCRATES-S significantly predicted successful smoking cessation, a logistic regression analysis was performed. Subscale scores of the K-SOCRATES-S were chosen as independent variables. Successful smoking cessation, which was defined as participants' verbal reports and confirmed by urine cotinine level measured three months later were chosen as the dependent variables.
Factor structure and internal consistency
Based on the results of the factor analysis, the structures of factors comprising K-SOCRATES-S were identical to that of the SOCRATES and K-SOCRATES. Each factor of the K-SOCRATES-S, which was identical to the questions of the SOCRATES, was labeled Taking Steps, Recognition, and Ambivalence. In the present study, the internal consistency was 0.889, 0.836, and 0.508, respectively (Table 2).
Factor structure and reliability of K-SOCRATES-S
Correlation validity of low-level factors and measures for overall motivation
A correlation analysis between low-level factors comprising the measures for the motivations to quit smoking and the K-SOCRATES-S was conducted to reveal the validity of the K-SOCRATES-S. The Taking Steps subscale of the K-SOCRATES-S had a positive correlation with the overall KSCMS scores (r=0.307, p<0.01) and the Recognition subscales (r=0.466, p<0.01). The Taking Steps measure of the K-SOCRATES-S had a negative correlation with the Ambivalence measure (r=-0.162, p<0.01)(Table 3). These results indicate that each low-level scale of the K-SOCRATES-S was positively correlated with the overall level of motivation to quit smoking.
Pearson correlation of between motivation sub-scales (validity test)
Predictive validity for successful smoking cessation
Based on the results of a logistic regression analysis, the Taking Steps measure could significantly predict an individual's success to quit smoking. The results of the logistic regression analysis are shown in Table 4. The results reveal that the K-SOCRATES-S had a high level of predictive validity, and that it can also be used to screen patients with a high risk of failing to quit smoking.
Predicting validity of sub-scales of K-SCORATES-S (logistic regression)
Motivation is defined as what makes someone energetic and his or her behaviors goal-directed ones.12 Without motivation there is no desire to do or achieve something.13 Treatment motivation of alcoholics is important concept for those who try to reduce alcohol usage or to participate in treatment program.14 And that the structure of motivation is powerful predicting factor for improvement of alcohol problems15 and the level of motivation of the patients is influencing factor for maintaining abstinence and treatment results.16
Unlike many other psychiatric illnesses, dependence syndromes are associated with a strong pleasure, which might be one of the important factors that lead to a low motivation for treatment. Motivational enhancement therapy is therefore based on acknowledging the motivational factor to change. It does not require patients to regard their dependence problem as a disease, and it focuses on enhancing the patients' motivations to change their behavior by resolving their ambivalence.17 According to this theory, strengthening patients' treatment motivation is a critical step to treat dependence syndromes successfully. In this regard, assessing the individual's motivation is a fundamental starting point.
The SOCRATES, developed by Miller and Tonigan,7 assesses patients' motivations to change. The scale has been reported to have a high reliability, construct validity, and predictive validity when it was applied to smoking cessation.8,17 The scale was also translated into the Korean language, and it has been reported to have an equivalent extent of elemental structures. The Korean version of the SOCRATES(K-SOCRATES) has been reported to provide reliable and valid measure of motivation to change among the Korean population.10
Dependence disorders on diverse chemicals, drugs, and behaviors include alcohol, nicotine, and computer games.2 To evaluate these dependence problems correctly in each case, it is necessary to develop and modify a specific scale for that specific dependence, because motivations to cease each dependence disorder can differ. Consequently, K-SOCRATES was modified for the present specific study to assess motivations to quit smoking in patients with nicotine dependence. The basic process of authentication and predictive validity was conducted to demonstrate the scale's validity.
The results showed that the K-SOCATES-S has an optimal level of reliability and validity. When the patients were followed for three months, the scale's predictive validity to predict successful smoking cessation was high. The results of a logistic regression analysis showed that higher scores on the Taking Steps measure correlated with a higher rate of success in quitting smoking. The results also suggest that a higher degree of the Recognition measure or a lower level of the Ambivalence measure is not associated with the success of quitting smoking. Despite these results, it must also be considered that participants who were voluntarily recruited might have had a higher degree of the Recognition measure and a lower degree of the Ambivalence measure related to their smoking problems. The difference of degree motivation to quit smoking, therefore, might not have been large among participants. It must therefore be considered that certain factors existed with no significant effect on participants' ability to stop smoking successfully.
To compensate for these demerits, K-SOCRATES-S was also implemented for a general population of smokers. By setting attempts to quit smoking within the recent six-month period as the dependent variable, follow-up studies are warranted to conduct a logistic regression analysis. In these follow-up studies, a hypothesis would be "A higher degree of Recognition or a lower degree of Ambivalence lead to the increased attempts to quit smoking." The results of the hypothesis indicate that a higher degree of recognizing the problems or a lower degree of ambivalence lead to increased attempts to quit smoking. The higher scores indicating the scale of Taking Steps related to a higher degree of success in stopping smoking. This series of explanations are assumed to agree with the explanation provided by motivational enhancement therapy; that is, a substantially preparatory stage was entered when the degree of recognizing the problem was increased to some extent following the progression of the pre-contemplation stage to contemplation stage.2
The present study has several limitations. First, the research participants were all Koreans. Therefore, the results of the study cannot be generalized to other ethnic groups. To generalize these results, it is necessary to conduct and replicate the studies with diverse ethnic groups. Second, the duration of successful smoking cessation was not measured after the participants had successfully quit smoking. A transtheoretical model defines the maintenance stage as the period during which an individual has stopped smoking for more than six months. Studies have also suggested that a permanent change of behavior could be expected when the duration of smoking cessation has lasted for two to three years.5 In this respect, the duration of smoking cessation for three months may relatively short. Third, In case of reliability, the internal consistency of ambivalence subscale was low (0.508). This result can be explained by the content of items which were composed of ambivalence subscale. Although four items measures the level of ambivalence for stop smoking generally, each item measures the level of insight, recognition that smoking is hurting other people, controllability for smoking, and smoking amount respectively. This can makes the internal consistency of ambivalence subscale somewhat low. Last, the results cannot be generalized even in people whose level of Taking Steps was relatively high. In order words, some people failed to stop smoking whereas others succeeded even among those people that had a high score on the Taking Steps measure.
Despite these limitations, the present study has several strengths and clinical implications. First, K-SOCRATES-S modified by the K-SOCRATES has been developed successfully to assess an individual's motivation to quit smoking. Second, the scale showed a high degree of reliability and validity. Third, the results of the present study suggest that the action stage might predict an individual's success to stop smoking among the five stages of change. Fourth, this study reveals that participants with lower scores on the K-SOCRATES-S scale can be screened and detected as a high-risk group to fail to quit smoking in the initial assessment. By providing more intensive interventions to these high-risk groups, it is possible to enhance the overall success rate of smoking cessation in clinical settings.
This study was supported by a grant of the Korea Healthcare technology R&D Project, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (A090058).
English version of K-SOCRATES-S
K-SOCRATES-S: The Korean version of Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale for Smoking Cessation
1. Miller WR, Rollnick S. Motivational Interviewing 2002. New York: Guilford Press.
2. Miller WR, Rollnick S. Motivational Interviewing: Preparing People to Change Addictive Behavior 2002. 2nd Editionth ed. New York: Guilford Press.
3. Nezami E, Sussman S, Pentz MA. Motivation in tobacco use cessation research. Subst Use Misuse 2003;38:25–50. 12602805.
4. Abrams DB, Niaura R, Brown R, Emmons K, Goldstein MG, Monti M. Treating Nicotine Addiction: An Evidence Based Practice Guide 2003. New York: Guilford Press.
5. MacKenzie TD, Pereira RI, Mehler PS. Smoking abstinence after hospitalization: predictors of success. Prev Med 2004;39:1087–1092. 15539041.
6. Prochaska JO, Diclemente CC. Stages of processes of self-change of smoking: toward and integrative model of change. J Consult Clin Psychol 1983;51:390–395. 6863699.
7. Miller WR, Tonigan JS. Assessing drinkers' motivation for change: the stage of change readiness and treatment eagerness scale. Psychol Addict Behav 1996;10:81–89.
8. Isenhart CE. Pretreatment readiness for change in male alcohol dependent subjects: predictors of one-year follow-up status. J Stud Alcohol 1997;58:351–357. 9203115.
9. Maisto SA, Chung TA, Cornelius JR, Martin CS. Factor structure of the SOCRATES in a clinical sample of adolescents. Psychol Addict Behav 2003;17:98–107. 12814273.
10. Chun YM. Assessing alcohol dependents' motivation for change: the development study on the Korean version of the stage of change readiness and treatment eagerness scale. Korean J Clin Psychol 2005;24:207–223.
11. Park JW, Chai S, Lee JY, Joe KH, Jung JE, Kim DJ. Validation study of Kim's smoking cessation motivation scale and its predictive implications. Psychiatry Investig 2009;6:272–277.
12. McCuller WJ, Sussman S, Wapner M, Dent C, Weiss DJ. Motivation to quit as a mediator of tobacco cessation among at-risk youth. Addict Behav 2006;31:880–888. 16139963.
13. Lee HK. The Effect of Group Art Therapy on Self Esteem and Improving Motivation 2010. 20–23. Master's Thesis of Wonkwang University.
14. Buck R. Human Motivation and Emotion 1988. Toronto: John Wiley and Sons.
15. Donovan DM, Rosenow DB, Schau EJ, O'leary MR. Defensive style in alcoholics and nonalcoholics. J Stud Alcohol 1977;38:465–470. 870758.
16. Miller WR, Leckman AL, Delaney HD, Tinkcom M. Long-term follow-up of behavioral self-control training. J Stud Alcohol 1992;53:249–261. 1583904.
17. Campbell WG. Evaluation of a residential program using the Addiction Severity Index and stages of change. J Addict Dis 1997;16:27–39. 9083823.
Article information Continued
(open-access, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) :
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The Factors are presented based on the order in which the factors were extracted. K-SOCRATES-S: The Korean version of Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale for Smoking Cessation
*p<0.05, **p<0.01. KSCMS: Kim's Smoking Cessation Motivation Scale, K-SOCRATES-S: The Korean version of Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale for Smoking Cessation, K-NDSS: The Korean version of Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale, K-NDIS: The Korean version of Nicotine Dependence Insight Scale, K1: pre-contemplation, K2: contemplation, K3: preparation 1, K4: preparation 2, Kt: KSCMS-total, S1: recognition, S2: taking Steps, S3: ambivalence, N1: drive, N2: priority, N3: continuity, N4: tolerance, N5: stereotypy
*Variable(s) entered on step 1: taking steps, recognition, ambivalence. K-SOCRATES-S: The Korean version of Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale for Smoking Cessation

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE • GOVERNMENT
The ultimate goal is to elevate the economy by investing in education and people concerning STEM technologies.
The development of human capital is the primary focus of the nation. Currently, the entire free world is experiencing a shortage of developers in every aspect of the business, so Kazakhstan is in a unique position to quickly make up losses and increase its overall GDP.
One way in which Kazakhstan is developing human capital is by making updates to its education system that works in tandem with the best and brightest industry standards in the world. Over the long-run horizon, public and private education institutions are placing a priority on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) programs uniformly throughout the nation.
Students are gaining valuable exposure to artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, 3D printing, virtual reality (VR), and much more. The ability to code, develop, and test these forms of technologies is in high demand the world over.
In fact, today's companies are jumping on these trends and systems since they provide cost and time-saving advantages. Learn to code today for a better tomorrow is the sentiment Kazakhstani people share.
Existing Problems of Tech Education in Kazakhstan
In 2018, the Kazakhstani government innovators saw an opportunity to change the education system and its offerings. Their solution? STEM education will receive a 10 percent increase by 2022 to support the big-picture goals of positioning Kazakhstan as a hub for innovation.
That's a massive leap considering the jumping-off point. However, there are issues that the Kazakhstani people and markets must address for their plan to go off without a hitch.
First, Kazakhstan ranks 56th of 137 countries in terms of quality in higher education and vocational training. While that isn't a wrong number (it's actually quite impressive), it certainly is not at the forefront of leading nations in terms of STEM development, but it's getting there. With the passage of the Digital Kazakhstan state education programs, this will all change over short and long-run periods. In fact, we're seeing it happen already.
The good news is that Kazakhstan is now aligning its education system with more modern strategies that include actively participating in the management aspects of a more comprehensive program. While modernization isn't the end goal of the nation, the methodologies definitely have distinct advantages over more deprecated practices.
Another challenge of providing access to education includes a lack of public funding and loan options available for its citizens to pursue a STEM career path. Last year, there were nearly 500,000 students enrolled at 122 universities across the country. More than 85 percent fund their education from their pockets, while almost 15 percent receive a state-funded scholarship. This is a significant expense for anyone whether you have money or not. So, funding is a significant issue when it comes to elevating Kazakhstan in the tech world.
Addressing the Education Issue
Aside from recognizing key technology issues and barriers to participation, the Kazakhstan government is supporting efforts to increase access to education while stimulating the economy. The following directives are already implemented at the state level:
Review, monitor, and control employ performance, training, and qualification requirements.
Update and implement teaching systems that align with guiding the nation's youth toward selecting high-paying, in-demand positions starting at the secondary school level.
Allocate 50 billion tenges ($135 million) to the budget between this year and 2021 to support school budget and educational opportunity deficits.
Given the previous efforts, Kazakhstan's future looks incredibly bright. This nation is taking a giant leap of calculated faith in its people and the future of technology. And we think they are right on when it comes to this investment. As older generations retire and newer technologies emerge, there is going to be an even more significant increase when it comes to demands placed from the outside world. Kazakhstan is in a very unique position to fill this role.
The Educational Technology Sector: How One Company Is Changing the Game
To fully appreciate the value of what reform is bringing, there is no better shining example than that of a small start-up called Okoo. Since there is also a shortage of qualified educators, it's easy to imagine that opportunities for further advancement are already spread thin. There is one such company that is addressing this issue at a big-picture level.
Currently, in its pre-revenue stage, Okoo has developed a platform that leverages AI to teach students. It's a new technology that acts as an intelligent supplement to assist Kazakhstani grade school children to get ahead. This company is definitely one to watch in terms of supporting tech education in Kazakhstan.
Final Thoughts and Considerations Regarding the Future of Kazakhstan EdTech Education System
Kazakhstan is a nation that is setting itself up for a bright future in terms of technological education. From strong government backing to exciting startups, this nation of 18 million residents is ready to rise to the challenge and improve upon the lives of themselves and others around them.
It's a smart investment, and it's a state that will fair well when they meet their objectives and goals for the technology and education sectors over the next few years, such as increased funding for STEM education and innovation in edtech management. Kazakhstan is at the forefront of modern society in critical areas that businesses around the globe value the most.
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In the past 4 months, Seedstars has been facilitating a high-impact growth program titled Anjal Z, an initiative that was started and led by the Abu Dhabi Early Childhood Authority (ECA), to bring in global startups from across the world and have the
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Half of California's 10 worst wildfires have struck in the last two years. We look at the recent Camp Fire, which is the deadliest and most destruc...
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He seemed to confess to the crime, twice to his ex-girlfriend, once to police. But prosecutors never charged him. The reasons why show how rape myt...
When police closed the rape case against Bryan Kind, they made it look like it had been solved. But he never was arrested – or even charged. We tea...
444: Working Through the Pain at Tesla, 11/3/2018
After being called out for hiding worker injuries at its factory, Tesla decides... to double down. Plus, a report card on diversity in Silicon Vall...
443: The Storm After the Storm, 10/27/2018
Doctors in Puerto Rico are outraged at the government's unexpected decision to declare the Zika crisis over in the aftermath of Hurricane Maria. Pl...
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As part of the new sensor generation, the EcgMove 4 activity sensor combines the previous benefits of the proven EcgMove 3 with the 4th generation enhancements, allowing us to address a wide range of researchers' needs, implement their requests, and further enhance the quality of the sensors. Thus, the EcgMove 4 strengthens it's position as the go to device for researchers who care about high quality ECG and Activity data.
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Home / Motorsport News / Alpine A110 GT4 unveiled
Alpine A110 GT4 unveiled
March 6th 2018 - Last updated: September 19th 2019
Samarth Kanal
Signatech-developed Alpine A110 GT4 confirmed
Alpine unveiled its A110 GT4 racer at the Geneva Motor Show on Tuesday. The car has been developed by the manufacturer's sports car and World Endurance Championship LMP2 partner Signatech, with which it won the 2016 WEC LMP2 class.
The GT4 version is one step up from the A110 Cup, which has its own one-make series, but the Cup version can be upgraded to the GT4 with a kit. Alpine calls the GT4 the 'ultimate version of the A110 sports car', with more power and downforce.
Based on the A110 road car, the GT4 has an aluminium chassis, double wishbone suspension, motor sport-spec springs and dampers, Brembo brakes, a new front splitter and rear wing, a sequential gearbox and comprehensive engine upgrades. It does retain the road-going 1.8-litre turbocharged four-cylinder engine, just with increased power.
Alpine cites a power-to-weight ratio of 312bhp/tonne – the upper limit of GT4 regulations, which state that the weight of the car must be a minimum of 1000kg.
Andrew Frankel asked whether the Alpine could get a GT4 variant back in 2017, after the manufacturer announced its one-make Cup series.
Related: Could the Alpine A110 go GT4?
The car is eligible for SRO European GT4 Series, the Creventic 24 Hours Series and one-off races such as the Spa 24 Hours.
Alpine managing director Michael van der Sande said, "Our ambition is for [the car] to win races and championships. Now, amateur competitors can race with us in the Alpine Cup in a friendly and relaxed environment before upgrading their cars and tackling the highly-competitive GT4 series."
Sergio Perez vows to win F1 title for Red Bull if car allows it
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Esteban Ocon to enter Rallye Monte-Carlo for Alpine demo run
Alpine Formula 1 driver Esteban Ocon will take part in the 2021 Rallye Monte-Carlo and drive the A110S in a series of special stage runs. It will be the first…
1986 Monte Carlo Rally: How Henri Toivonen won with a Lancia 'shaped like a banana'
By Stage 13 of the 1986 Monte Carlo Rally, a win that had at one point appeared in the bag for Henri Toivonen and his co-driver Sergio Cresto was now…
World's first electric powerboat championship launches in Monaco
Formula E and Extreme E creator Alejandro Agag is bringing electric racing to city streets and remote locales, and his latest concept will take it to the water with the…
Alex Zanardi out of coma and moved to rehabilitation centre
Alex Zanardi has been discharged from hospital and moved to a rehabilitation centre as motor racing's great survivor embarks on another recovery effort. The two-time Champ Car title-holder, turned Paralympic…
Alex Zanardi being brought out of medically-induced coma
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Coronavirus, F1, & the motor sport calendar: cancelled events and the return of racing
Formula 1 will not race until June at the earliest, with disruption to the Moto GP, Formula E, WEC and NASCAR calendars too. Here's how motor sport has been hit by coronavirus restrictions


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Chiba U
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Alumni / General Public
About Chiba U
Partner Universities and Institutions
Why Chiba U?
Alumni/General Public
University level
University / Institute
Hunan University 1985.05.10
China Agricultural University 2001.10.25
Nanjing Agricultural University 2002.09.28
Shanghai Jiao Tong University 2002.10.25
Guizhou University 2006.06.20
Tsinghua University 2007.12.25
Minzu University of China 2009.02.17
Nankai University 2009.04.30
Xinjiang Normal University 2010.05.10
Anhui Medical University 2010.06.07
Zhejiang University 2010.06.09
Zhejiang University of Technology 2010.06.09
Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology 2011.04.06
Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication 2011.09.13
Zhejiang Gongshang University 2012.05.31
China Academy of Art 2013.03.19
China Medical University 2013.06.26
Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2013.09.16
Dalian University of Technology 2013.12.19
East China University of Science and Technology 2013.12.27
Ludong Uniersity 2014.05.20
Northeast Normal University 2014.11.04
Dalian Medical University 2015.11.18
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China 2015.12.05
Yantai University 2016.01.07
Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications 2016.06.01
Beijing Forestry University 2016.09.08
Central South University 2016.09.23
The Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts 2016.12.25
Northwestern Polytechnical University 2017.03.09
Hebei Medical University 2017.03.20
Changchun University of Science and Technology 2017.04.24
Xiangtan University 2017.05.09
University of Jinan 2017.06.27
Xi'an Jiaotong University 2017.07.01
Fudan University 2017.11.21
Hunan Normal University 2018.03.14
Jiangsu University 2018.03.16
Huaqiao University 2018.04.17
Donghua University 2018.05.08
Shanghai University 2018.05.08
Nanjing Forestry University 2018.06.05
Beijing Institute of Technology 2018.08.30
Harbin Institute of Technology 2018.09.02
China West Normal University 2018.09.21
East China Normal University 2018.10.26
Universidad Marista de Merida 2019.01.16
Gadjah Mada University 1990.10.04
University of Indonesia 1997.12.29
Institut Teknologi Bandung 2006.03.16
Udayana University 2007.07.20
Hasanuddin University 2007.09.12
Bogor Agricultural University 2010.03.19
Padjadjaran University 2011.01.28
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember
(Institut Teknologi Surabaya) 2012.07.24
Universitas Diponegoro 2012.08.03
The Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics Agency 2014.11.10
Islamic University of Riau 2016.11.21
Syiah Kuala University 2017.08.04
Sebelas Maret University 2017.11.02
Prince of Songkla University 1996.05.09
Kasetsart University 2000.03.08
Chulalongkorn University 2000.09.29
Mahidol University 2008.10.29
Thai-Nichi Institute of Technology 2010.01.18
Silpakorn University 2011.03.03
Asian Institute of Technology 2012.08.31
King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi 2013.03.28
Chulabhorn Graduate Institute 2013.11.22
Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi 2015.03.24
Chiang Mai University 2015.06.23
Mae Fah Luang University 2016.08.26
Rangsit University 2017.08.16
Khon Kaen University 2017.12.26
Mekong Institute 2018.02.11
Siam University 2018.03.29
Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University 2018.05.24
Maejo University 2018.08.20
Chonbuk National University 2004.03.15
Yonsei University 2010.10.21
Seoul National University 2011.08.29
Chosun University 2011.09.06
Geumgang University 2015.06.05
Sungkyunkwan University 2015.11.11
Ajou University 2015.11.30
Pukyong National University 2016.02.24
Kyung Hee University 2016.12.13
Kongju National University 2017.01.05
Inje University 2017.01.05
Myongji University 2017.03.02
Chung-Ang University 2017.06.13
Kookmin University 2017.11.08
Sookmyung Woman's University 2017.11.08
Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology 2017.11.29
Seoul National University of Science and Technology 2017.12.18
Incheon National University 2017.12.20
Hankyong National University 2018.03.08
University of Seoul 2018.07.23
Kangwon National University 2018.09.06
Sungshin University 2019.01.11
Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology 2006.12.06
National Yunlin University of Science and Technology 2006.12.10
National Cheng Kung University 2006.12.19
Tunghai University 2008.09.01
National Taiwan University 2008.11.05
Kaohsiung Medical University 2012.05.02
National Taiwan University of Arts 2012.07.12
National Tsing Hua University 2015.02.12
The National Applied Research Laboratories (NARLabs) 2015.06.05
Ming Chuan University 2015.11.10
National Taipei University of Education 2016.03.15
National Chiao Tung University 2016.05.10
Wenzao Ursuline University of Languages 2017.04.20
Tatung University 2017.08.22
Taipei Medical University 2017.11.02
National Central University 2017.11.22
National Chengchi University (NCCU) 2018.08.20
Chung Yuan Christian University 2018.10.03
National University of Kaohsiung (NUK) 2018.10.22
Shih Chien University 2019.02.22
National Taiwan Normal University 2019.04.01
Nanyang Technological University 2007.11.07
Singapore University of Technology and Design 2015.04.10
Royal University of Phnom Penh 2009.12.09
University of the Philippines Los Baños 2013.05.14
Ateneo de Manila University 2016.11.04
PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing Jabalpur 2012.06.22
National Institute of Design 2017.04.17
Mongolian University of Life Sciences 2015.09.28
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak 2010.04.05
Multimedia University 2010.09.15
University of Malaya 2013.02.26
University Putra Malaysia 2016.08.05
Universiti Tenaga Nasional 2016.09.07
Nong Lam University 2013.02.26
International University 2015.12.28
Hong Bang International University (HBU) 2017.03.03
Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education 2017.03.03
Faculty level
The School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 1996.02.28
Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Environmental Remote Sensing 1997.04.12
Shenyang Agricultural University Faculty of Horticulture
Graduate School of Science and Technology 2000.03.09
School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University Faculty of Horticulture
Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences Faculty of Horticulture
Graduate School of Horticulture 2005.08.08
Tian Shan Glaciological Station, Lazhou Cold and Arid Regions Environment and Engineering Research Institute Graduate School of Science 2007.06.26
School of Architecture, Tsinghua University Graduate School of Horticulture 2007.08.21
Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University Graduate School of Horticulture 2007.09.22
School of Nursing, Peking University School of Nursing 2007.12.25
School of Design, Jiangnan University Faculty of Engineering
Graduate School of Engineering 2008.02.25
College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University Faculty of Engineering
School of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University Medical Mycology Research Center 2008.02.28
Shandong Agricultural University Graduate School of Horticulture 2008.05.12
Guizhou Medical University(School of Basic Medical Science, Guiyang Medical University)
Medical Mycology Research Center 2009.01.20
School of Electronic Engineering and School of Microelectronics and Solid-State Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Graduate School of Engineering 2009.02.25
School of Media and design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Faculty of Engineering
Hunan Normal University Faculty of Education
Graduate School of Education 2009.09.16
Graduate School of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (School of Naval Architecture, Ocean & Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University) Graduate School of Engineering 2010.01.14
School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University Faculty of Science
Graduate School of Science 2010.03.01
Mental Health Institute, Central South University Center for Forensic Mental Health 2010.11.12
National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University Center for Forensic Mental Health 2010.11.12
Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital and Research Center for Medical Mycology, Xinjiang Medical University Medical Mycology Center 2010.09.22
Engineering Research Center of Digital Medicine, Ministry of Education of PRC, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Research Center for Frontier Medical Engineering 2010.12.02
School of Design and Arts of Beijing Institute of Technology Graduate School of Engineering 2011.01.11
International Design Institute, Zhejiang University Graduate School of Engineering 2011.02.14
College of Software Technology, Zhejiang University Graduate School of Engineering 2011.02.14
First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University Center for Forensic Mental Health 2011.02.22
Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Soochow University Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science 2011.02.24
Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate School of Engineering 2011.03.24
School of Science,Hangzhou Normal University Faculty of Science
Shanghai Mental Health Center,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
Center for Forensic Mental Health 2011.05.26
Beijing DeTao Masters Academy Faculty of Engineering
School of Agriculture and Biology, Jiao Tong University Graduate School of Horticulture 2011.07.08
Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Center for Forensic Mental Health 2011.11.09
Division of BioMedical Engineering,The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Graduate School of Engineering 2012.06.08
Chinese academy of social sciences, Institute of Ethnic Literature Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences 2013.03.21
College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences 2013.06.01
School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2013.11.19
School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Graduate School of Engineering 2013.12.20
School of Mongolian Studies,Inner Mongolia University Graduate School of Humanities and Studies on Public Affairs 2014.06.02
Graduate School and Faculty of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering,Xi'an University of Technology Faculty of Engineering
School of Physics, Shandong University Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science 2014.10.24
College of Humanities of Yantai Uniersity Faculty of Letters 2015.03.16
School of architecture,Qingdao Technological University Faculty of Horticulture
School of Medicine, Wuhan University Graduate School of Medical
Nanjing Agricultural University Graduate School of Horticulture 2015.07.30
Institute of Subtropical Agriculture Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate School of Horticulture 2015.10.16
Graduate School and Faculty of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science 2016.02.27
School of Information Engineering, Digital Medical Image Technique Research Center Zhengzhou University
Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science
Graduate School of Engineering
Center for Frontier Medical Science
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning
Faculty of Horticulture
Graduate School of Horticulture
School of Nursing, Dalian Medical University School of Nursing
Graduate School of Nursing 2016.05.25
College Of Agriculture,South China Agricultural University
Faculty of Horticulture Graduate
School of Horticulture
School of Industrial Design, Nanjing University of the Arts Graduate School of Engineering 2017.01.04
College of information Engineering Xiangtan University,Xiangtan University Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science 2017.02.23
The school of Agricultural Equipment Engineering(Institute of Agricultural Engineering),Jiangsu University Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences 2017.04.06
School of Materials Science and Engineering,Xihua University Faculty of Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Graduate School of Science and Engineering 2017.10.10
School of Nursing,Fudan University School of Nursing
Institute of Industry Design,Zhejiang Gongshang University Faculty of Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Graduate School of Science and Engineering 2017.11.28
School of Oriental Language and Culture,Zhejiang Gongshang University Graduate School of Humanities and Studies on Public Affairs 2017.12.04
College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University
Graduate School of Science and Engineering
China University of Geosciences, Wuhan
Faculty of Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Graduate School of Science and Engineering
School of Nursing,The University of Hong Kong
Graduate School of Nursing
School of Earth and Space Sciences, South University of Science and Technology
Graduate School of Science
College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University
Faculty of Agricultural Equipment,Jiangsu University
Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences
College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Faculty of Engineering
College of Literature, Guizhou Minzu University
Graduate School of Humanities
Beihang University, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation
College of Instrumentation and Electrical Engineering, Jilin University Faculty of Science
Thailand(17)
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science 1990.04.16
Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science
Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Faculty of Science, Faculty of Graduate Studies, Mahidol University Faculty of Horticulture
Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Graduate School of Horticulture 2004.07.15
School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Tonburi Faculty of Horticulture
School of Agro-Industry, Mae Fah Luang University Graduate School of Horticulture 2008.08.05
Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University Center for Frontier Medical Engineering 2008.12.22
Faculty of Nursing,Khon Kaen University Graduate School of Nursing 2015.02.02
Faculty of Architecture,Rangsit University Faculty of Engineering
Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology Thammsat University Faculty of Engineering
Faculty of Technology,Mahasarakham University Faculty of Horticulture
Faculty of Pharmacy,Srinakharinwirot University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2016.10.03
The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering,King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok
Chiang Mai University
Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Mahidol University
Research Center for Geotechnology,
Indonesian Institute of Sciences Faculty of Science 2001.03.14
The Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University Faculty of Horticulture
Faculty of Agriculture and Collaboration Center, Lambung Mangkurat University Faculty of Horticulture
Meteorology Climatology and Geophysical Agency in Indonesia Graduate School of Science, Faculty of Science 2008.11.07
Faculty of Math and Natural Sciences, University of Gadjah Mada Faculty of Engineering
Center for Environmental Studies, Hasanuddin University
Center for Environmental Remote Sensing
Faculty of natural sciences,Universitas Gadjah Mada
Post Graduate Program,Udayana University
Faculty of Engineering, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science,University of Indonesia
Faculty of Design and Fine Art, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology,and Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology of Institut Teknologi Bandung
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Faculty of Agricultural-Industrial Technology, Faculty of Geology and Graduate School of Environmental Study,Padjadjaran University
Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences
Udayana University
Postgraduate Program, Universitas Negeri Makassar
Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science,Universitas Mulawarman
Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science,Universitas Negeri Padang
Center for Environmental Studies,Budi Luhur University
Education Department of West Java province
Regency of Siak
Indonesia University of Education
Korea(16)
College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University Faculty of Horticulture
College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University Faculty of Horticulture
College of Fine Arts, Seoul National University Faculty of Engineering
College of Medicine, Inje University School of Medicine 2012.06.27
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine & Institute of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Inje University Center for Preventive Medical Science 2009.08.07
College of engineering and active polymer center for pattern integration,Yonsei University
School of Advanced Integration Science
College of Pharmacy Seoul National University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
School of Electrical Engineering (Brain Korea 21-IT), Korea University Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science 2010.07.21
College of agriculture and life sciences,Chungnam National University
College of Economics & Internotional Trade, Inha University Faculty of Law&Economics 2012.07.13
Institue of Green Bio Science and Technology,Seoul National University Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences 2014.03.07
School of Design and Human Engineering,Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology Faculty of Engineering
Graduate School of Science and Engineering and College of Engineering,Jeju National University Faculty of Engineering
College of Nursing,Seoul National University Graduate School of Nursing 2016.03.14
Graduate School of Yonsei University
Graduate School of Science and Engineering 2018.10.11
School ofArt and Design,Korea University Faculty of Engineering
School of Materials Science, Mongolian University of Science and Technology Center for Environmental Remote Sensing 2002.11.04
Vietnam National University of Agriculture
(Hanoi University of Agriculture) Faculty of Horticulture
Vietnam National University, Hanoi, University of Education Faculty of Education
Institute of Tropical Biology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Faculty of Horticulture
Hanoi National University of Education Faculty of Education
Faculty of Biology,University of Science, Belonging to Vietnam National University at Hochiminh City Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences 2013.11.29
Biotechnology Center of Ho Chi Minh City
Vietnam Forestry University
Ho Chi Minh city University of Technology (HCMUT)Faculty of Chemical Engineering
University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hochiminh city Faculty of Medicine
Graduate School of Medicine
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University Graduate School of Horticulture
Faculty of Horticulture 2010.09.24
College of agriculture-Bangalore University of agricultural sciences Graduate School of Horticulture 2013.01.22
Faculty of Sciences and Technology,SRM University Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2016.06.30
Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwavidyalaya (Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University)
Pakistan(1)
Agricultural University Peshawar Graduate School of Horticulture 2010.07.28
International Rice Research Institute Graduate School of Horticulture 2007.06.07
College of Science, Graduate School, and Research Center for the Natural Sciences, University of Santo Tomas Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Pangasinan State University, PhilippinesCollege of Teacher Education Faculty of Education 2017.03.17
School of Education, University of San Carlos Faculty of Education
School of Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic Faculty of Engineering 2011.02.10
Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science 2010.07.23
School of design and environment, Department of Architecture, National University of Singapore Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences
NUS Libraries, National University of Singapore University Library
Academic Link Center 2019.02.25
School of mechanical and aerospace engineering, Nanyang Technological University Faculty of Engineering 2012.09.05
Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Graduate School of Medicine 2017.01.20
Taiwan(17)
College of Planning and Design, National Cheng Kung University Faculty of Engineering
Department of Tourism Management, Department of Recreation Management, Shih Chien University Center for Sustainable Tourism Creation 2007.05.11
Department of NPO Management, Nanhua University Center for Sustainable Tourism Creation 2007.11.23
College of Design, National Yunlin University of Science & Technology Faculty of Engineering
College of Science, National Chiao Tung University Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science 2010.01.28
College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences 2010.03.03
Center for Biomedical Engineering, Chang Gung University Research Center for Frontier Medical Engineering 2012.04.10
School of design, Ming Chuan University Graduate School of Science and Engineering
Faculty of Engineering 2012.11.22
Department of physics,National Tsing Hua University Graduate School of Advanced Integration Science 2012.12.17
College of Earth science National Central University Faculty of Science
College of Education,National Taiwan Normal University Faculty of Education
College of Humanities and Social Scieces,National Chiao Tung University Faculty of Engineering
College of MedicineTaipei Medical University Graduate School of Medicine 2016.09.29
College of PharmacyChina Medical University
National Taipei University of Technology/ College of Design
College of Science, National Chiao Tung University
Molecular Chirality Research Center
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Lakehead University 2018.3.27
Carleton University 2018.5.12
Universidade Estadual de Campinas 2001. 9. 3
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Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá 2016.1.8
Panama University 2016.1.8
Autonomous University of Aguascalientes 2011.10.28
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University of Monterrey 2014.7.8
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Russian State University for the Humanities 2009.07.15
National Research University Higher School of Economics, Russia 2013.10.12
Ryazan State University named for S. Yesenin 2015.10.02
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Far Eastern State Agrarian University 2019.04.01
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University of Bristol 2009.05.18
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Fran Drescher Talks About Working on TV With Her Dog, Esther
The Pomeranian plays herself on "Happily Divorced" and accompanies her mom nearly everywhere.
By Dogster
, November 30, 2012
"She's a little angel — the kindest living thing I've ever met," Fran Drescher says about her Happily Divorced co-star, Esther, an 11-year-old Pomeranian. Raise a paw if you can relate to that sentiment. The bond between celebrity and celebri-dog continues off camera, as Drescher is real-life dog mom to Esther.
Esther comes to the studio often with Drescher and when not working on set as an older rescue dog, she hangs out in her famous mom's dressing room.
Longtime fans of Drescher will recall that she lost her last dog, Chester, when he was 19 years old.
"I knew he would leave a hole in my life the size of the Grand Canyon," she recalls.
When she found Esther, she remembers a friend saying to her, "That's like a Chester waiting to happen!" Eleven years later, mom and dog go everywhere together — including to work every day on the set of Happily Divorced.
Drescher is perhaps best known for her starring role on the 1990s television show The Nanny. She and her former spouse, Peter Marc Jacobson, created the current sitcom. The show centers on Los Angeles florist, Fran, whose nearly 20-year marriage ends when her husband, Peter, reveals he is gay. When the couple is unable to sell their home due to a bleak economy, the couple continues to live together but re-enters the dating realm. It's based on the real-life story of Drescher.
The show's supporting cast includes Tichina Arnold (Everybody Hates Chris) as her best friend Judi; Rita Moreno (Oz) and Robert Walden (All The President's Men) as Fran's parents Glen and Dori; and Valente Rodriguez (George Lopez) as Cesar, her flower shop employee.
The show, which had its season premiere Nov. 28 at 10:30 p.m. on TV Land, is taped in front of an audience, much to the delight of a pint-sized scene-stealing Pomeranian. (See the attention Esther got while appearing on The Rosie Show in the video clip below.)
Drescher was dog-less growing up and really wanted a dog, even though her then-husband and present co-star, Jacobson, was opposed. After years and tears, she finally got her wish.
"The minute we [got] him, he started barking and didn't stop for 19 years," she muses.
Fast forward to present time and Drescher admits to traveling with her pristine Pom quite often. She likes to go to pet-friendly hotels and to their home in New York. When staying at places like The Four Seasons, Drescher says the staff goes out of its way to make her pooch happy.
Asked what Esther's first words would be if she could talk, Drescher says, "Probably 'I'm hungry' since eating is her favorite pastime."
Every morning, she takes her pooch out on the deck to gaze at the ocean before leaving for work. After a long day working, the first thing they do is look out onto the waters together. Mom and pooch eat organic, vegetarian healthy food throughout the day on set.
Every celebrity, and that includes celebri-dogs, has a favorite snack. Esther's is small vitamin bones that are natural and good for her. In addition she eats manna bread, which Drescher says is an ancient organic recipe. Of course, any television diva deserves some special TLC foods, so Esther chooses chicken and pasta from time to time.
In addition to being an actress, author, and dog mom, Drescher is also a uterine cancer survivor. She is president of Cancer Schmancer — an organization designed to educate and prevent/detect cancer — and is also a United States diplomat. Her title is Public Diplomacy Envoy for Women's Health Issues, and she helps the State Department raise awareness about cancer and cancer detection.
TV Land reported earlier this year that Season Two of Happily Divorced will contain 24 episodes, so fans of Esther and her famous mom can expect to catch plenty of tail wagging fun.
Tags: Celebrity Dogs, Dogs on TV, Dogster Interviews
Dogster is a dog magazine and dog website where dog lovers come together to get the latest expert advice about dog behavior, dog health, dog news and dog entertainment, plus a whole lot of adorable dog pics. Currently edited by Melissa Kauffman.


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#JWT
The Universe is Astounding
By Syed Muhammad Ali Areezee 6 months ago
The first full-colour image was taken with James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) Near-Infrared Camera, was revealed on July 11, 2022.
James Webb Space Telescope: A curious urge of humanity to know itself
By Fouz Siddiqui 1 year ago
This Christmas, we launched the most expensive and breakthrough telescope of mankind, the $10Bn JWST.


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Tag Archives: pray
Saint Catherine of Siena
Posted on April 29, 2016 by sandra dipasqua
Feast Day is April 29
is the patron saint of Fire Protection, Italy, Nursing Services, Activism
Action and activism are the essence of Saint Catherine of Siena. Passionately devoted to the salvation of mankind, she left an astounding legacy of four hundred written letters and a devotional Dialogue that are considered great classics in literature. She is credited with influencing the return of the papacy to Rome from Avignon, and for this reason she is the patroness of Italy. Known for her incredible charm, she horrified her wealthy parents by her willingness to express her devotion to Christ through corporal humiliations and long periods of fasting. Counselor and advisor to those in power, it was said that she perfected the art of kissing the Pope's feet while simultaneously twisting his arm. Saint Catherine struggled against great odds to keep the Catholic Church united. Her novena is a call to faith in troubled times. She is invoked to engender the strength and faith for action in times when action is needed, both political and spiritual.
Born Caterina Benincasa, the youngest of twenty—five children, Saint Catherine's father was a wealthy dyer. At the age of six she had a mystical vision of Christ surrounded by saints. A beautiful and cheerful child, she alarmed her parents by spending much of her time in prayer and meditation. She grew devoted to Christ and, like him, wanted to take on the suffering of the entire world, secretly mortifying her flesh and fasting for days.
Saint Catherine is the patroness of fire protection because her sister saw her deep in prayer in the kitchen, engulfed in flames from the stove. When she was pulled out, there was no evidence of burn marks on her body. Her parents, wanting a normal daughter, were angry at her refusal to marry or to improve her personal appearance. They finally gave in to her religious cravings and allowed her to become a tertiary (lay person) in the Order of Saint Dominic. She lived at home and went out to work, caring for those with the most repulsive diseases when no one else would help them. For this reason, Saint Catherine is also known as the patron saint of nursing services. Because of her great spiritual insight and radiantly happy outlook, she attracted a following in Siena known as the Caterinati.
They did much to revitalize an interest in spirituality in Siena and its surrounding regions. On the Fourth Sunday of Lent in 1375, Saint Catherine received the stigmata; the wounds of Christ appeared on her body and then disappeared, visible only to her.
Illiterate, Saint Catherine dictated hundreds of letters and spiritual writings to her secretaries. It was her constant barrage of letters to Pope Gregory XI that influenced him to move the papacy back from Avignon to Rome. She later became the advisor to his successor, the arrogant and difficult Urban VI. When he caused a great schism in the church, the College of Cardinals having voted in a rival Pope to return to Avignon, Saint Catherine remained loyal to Urban. She lectured him in countless letters on how to best improve himself. At his invitation, she moved to Rome to work as a papal adviser. When she died there of a stroke at the age of thirty—three, the wounds of the stigmata reappeared on her body.
Novena to Saint Catherine
Heavenly Father, your glory is in your saints. We praise your glory in the life of the admirable Saint Catherine of Siena, virgin and doctor of the church. Her whole life was a noble sacrifice inspired by an ardent love of Jesus, your unblemished lamb. In troubled times she strenuously upheld the rights of his beloved spouse, the church. Father, honor her merits and hear her prayers for each of us. Help us to pass unscathed through the corruption of this world. Help us always to see in the Vicar of Christ an anchor in the storms of life and a beacon of light to the harbor of your love, in this dark night of your times and men's souls. Grant also to each of us our special petition. We ask this through
Jesus, your Son, in the bond of the Holy Spirit. Amen.
Pause to pray for your intentions Saint Catherine of Siena, pray for us.
Say this novena nine times in a row for nine days in a row.
Posted in Novena | Tagged pray, prayer, saint | 3 Replies
Feast of Padre Pio, September 23
Padre Pio 1887-1968
Patron of: Forgiveness, Healing, Miracles, Reconciliation.
Denounced by Vatican officials as a fraud, and his mystical gifts frequently viewed with suspicion by his immediate superiors, Pio of Pietracelina was sequestered away in the remote monastery of San Giovanni Rotondo where it was expected that he would labor as a monk in obscurity. His adeptness in both physical and spiritual healing and his ability to read hearts and minds while in confession made him wildly popular among the common people of that impoverished region of Italy. Today, the town of San Giovanni Rotondo is the second most visited place by religious pilgrims who venture there to pay homage to one of the most popular saints of the twentieth century, Padre Pio. Made a saint in 2002, Padre Pio has no official patronage. Because of his devotion to the powers of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and his own suffering due to the mistrust of his superiors, he is frequently invoked to bring the grace of forgiveness to a situation.
Born Francesco Forlione in Pietracelina, a town north of Naples, he was named for his patron saint, Francis of Assisi. Coming from a religious family, he said he had spiritual visions of Christ and the Virgin Mary from a very young age. He never mentioned them to anyone as he assumed all people had such gifts. He was ordained as a Capuchin friar in 1910 taking the name Pio (meaning "Pious") but was sent home due to a diagnosis of tuberculosis. While convalescing he offered himself as a conduit of suffering in exchange for the salvation of others. Eventually, in 1916 he was conscripted into the army where he contracted such a high fever that he was sent home to die. Upon his miraculous recovery from this illness, the Capuchin order sent him to the very remote monastery of Our Lady of Grace in San Giovanni Rotondo in Puglia, a province of Southern Italy. On September 20, 1918, while praying in the stillness of the church, Pio went into a trancelike state where he saw Christ standing before him bleeding from the wounds of the crucifixion. Pio's heart almost burst in sympathy before coming out of the state in intense pain. Upon regaining consciousness he found himself to be afflicted with the same wounds of the crucifixion. It was this condition which only ended at his death in 1968, which would bring him under intense scrutiny by church officials for the rest of his life.
Pio's talents for deciphering what people meant to tell him during confession but were too embarrassed or ashamed to bring up, became immediate apparent to the local townspeople and he developed a great following among them. They credited him with an incredible capacity of healing, mending physical ills, familial squabbles, and curing spiritual desolation. When Vatican Officials severely limited his official duties, the one mass he was allowed to say at 5 AM, had thousands lining up the night before so that they may be with him. Without ever leaving the monastery, he was known as "the living saint" as he sighted in hospitals and at sickbeds hundreds of miles away. The onset of World War Two spread his cult on an international level as soldiers from Australia, other parts of Europe, and the United States witnessed his miraculous abilities. By the late 1940's he was receiving hundreds of international prayer requests per day. He eventually founded a hospital for the hopelessly ill, the internationally acclaimed House for the Relief of Suffering, which treats tens of thousands of people each year and survives solely on charitable donations.
The animosity that many Vatican officials had against Padre Pio was dissolved in 2002 when Pope John Paul II declared him a saint. This pope knew Pio's powers firsthand as he had visited him fifty years before as a young seminarian in the hopes of obtaining a cure for a friend. Not only did his friend's cancer go into remission, but Pio's strange prediction of this obscure Polish priest's rise to pope also came true.
(It is important to note that Padre Pio himself recited the Novena to the Sacred Heart of Jesus for the intentions of those who requested his prayers every day.)
Dear God, Thou hast generously blessed Thy servant, St. Pio of Pietrelcina, with the gifts of the Spirit. Thou hast marked his body with the five wounds of Christ Crucified, as a powerful witness to the saving Passion and Death of Thy Son. Endowed with the gift of discernment, St. Pio labored endlessly in the confessional for the salvation of souls. With reverence and intense devotion in the celebration of Mass, he invited countless men and women to a greater union with Jesus Christ in the Sacrament of the Holy Eucharist.
Through the intercession of St. Pio of Pietrelcina, I confidently beseech Thee to grant me the grace of (mention your intentions here). Amen.
Recite three Glorias.
(Excerpted from the App: "Novena: Praying with the Saints" by Barbara Calamari and Sandra DiPasqua).
Posted in Healing, Novena, Prayer, Saints, Situations, States of Life | Tagged Healing, Novena, Padre, Pio, pray, prayer | 4 Replies
Meditations for Lent
Novena app
Novena to Saint Joseph
Novena: The Power of Prayer ebook
NovenaPrayer.com
Saints for All Occasions notecards
Saints: Ancient & Modern ebook
Visions of Mary


27 Where, then, is boasting? It is excluded. Because of what law? The law that requires works? No, because of the law that requires faith.
2 If, in fact, Abraham was justified by works, he had something to boast about—but not before God.