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New lignocellulose integrated biological saccharification process
Time of issue:2019-12-25
(Summary description)The economic and cleanliness of lignocellulose biotransformation has always been the biggest bottleneck hindering the large-scale utilization of agricultural and forestry waste such as straw. At present, the mainstream strategy of lignocellulosic biotransformation is the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process based on free cellulase,
The economic and cleanliness of lignocellulose biotransformation has always been the biggest bottleneck hindering the large-scale utilization of agricultural and forestry waste such as straw. At present, the mainstream strategy of lignocellulosic biotransformation is the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process based on free cellulase, but the core enzyme technology is monopolized by foreign companies, and it is difficult to further reduce the cost of enzymes, making the current process not market competitive. Consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) is a lignocellulose conversion strategy proposed in recent years. It integrates cellulase production, lignocellulosic substrate enzymolysis, and final product fermentation into the same reactor. Streamline processes, reduce costs and equipment requirements. However, because the CBP strategy performs multiple steps in the same reactor at the same time, it is necessary to compromise the reaction conditions, it is difficult to obtain high levels of enzyme production, enzymolysis and fermentation at the same time, and the final product is single and difficult to adjust, which greatly limits the Its scope of application.
To this end, the Metabolomics Research Group of the Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Process of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has taken a different approach and proposed a new strategy for Consolidated Bio-Saccharification (CBS) based on the whole-cell fiber catalyst. et al, 2019, 12 (1): 35]. This strategy organically integrates the enzyme production and hydrolysis steps, and at the same time separates the downstream fermentation step to a certain degree. The platform compound, which is a fermentable sugar, is used as the target product. It has the advantages of low enzyme cost, simple process, and flexible downstream export. , Is expected to be widely used in lignocellulose biotransformation to produce various chemicals, functional foods and pharmaceuticals.
Fibrosomes are a supramolecular complex secreted by anaerobic microorganisms, such as Clostridium thermocellum, that can efficiently degrade lignocellulose, and are one of the most efficient lignocellulose degradation systems known in nature. The metabolomics research group has long been committed to the genetic modification, mechanism of action, and metabolic engineering research of cellulose-degrading bacteria such as Clostridium thermocellum and their fibrosomes. The genetic manipulation hardware equipment and software tools independently developed by the research group are The physiology and biochemistry of C. cellulosae, the assembly of fibrosomes, synthesis regulation and product inhibition, product uptake and metabolism have been systematically studied, and a deep understanding of the functional mechanism and regulation of C. thermocellum and its fibrosomes has been obtained. . Based on this, the research group first successfully developed a whole-cell catalyst based on fibrosomes in 2017 to achieve the efficient conversion of lignocellulosic substrates to fermentable sugars [Zhang J, et al, 2017,10 (1) : 124], the rudiment of the CBS process has been initially established, but there are still problems such as failure to fully remove product inhibition, decline in key enzyme production, and slow saccharification.
In response to these problems, the research team optimized the fibrosomes by re-in situ reconstruction, and constructed a second-generation whole-bacterial biocatalyst, which affects the process efficiency, medium composition, inoculation volume, seed culture, and substrate load. The key factors are optimized, which significantly improves the saccharification efficiency and shortens the saccharification time. Under the optimal conditions, using the pretreated wheat straw as a substrate, the entire saccharification process time was shortened by 50%, the sugar yield reached 0.795 g / g, and the sugar yield was 89.3% (see figure). This process combined with the matching lignocellulose pretreatment process developed by this laboratory has greatly reduced the cost of lignocellulose saccharification, and has already had the possibility of industrial application.
This work provided a new whole bacteria biocatalyst and an optimized process matched with it for the realization of CBS, which proved that CBS is a feasible low-cost and efficient utilization strategy of lignocellulose. The metabolomics research group reported the process strategy in a research paper published online on February 18 in Biotechnology for Biofuels and formally proposed the concept of "Integrated Biosaccharification (CBS)". The metabolomics research group is currently conducting pilot scale-up of the CBS process and establishing an industrial demonstration system based on this process, which is expected to greatly promote the industrialization of lignocellulose biotransformation.
The doctoral student Liu Shiyue and associate researcher Liu Yajun of this research group co-authored the paper. Researcher Cui Qiu is the corresponding author of the paper. This work was funded by the Strategic Pilot Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province.
Previous: New progress in ethanol from lignocellulose
Next: Research progress on the preparation of renewable JP-10 fuel by lignocellulosic platform compounds of Dalian Institute of Chemical Technology


SF STATE NEWS -- "This is a historic win because it's very rare for San Francisco State to beat the top team at a four-year university that has such tremendous money and training," Teddy Albiniak, SF State's forensics director, tells SF State News. Though the Harvard team took first overall in the tournament, "one of their few losses in the past two years was to these two incredibly strong black women from San Francisco State," he said. "That's pretty cool." Shaheed and Murray's winning strategy is simple: Speak your truth. "That is our whole entire goal — to make sure that you have the agency and the advocacy to really speak up for yourself and to live and speak in your truth," Murray said.


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The Reykjavík Grapevine — исландский журнал, выпускающийся в Рейкьявике на английском языке, а также онлайн-газета. Целевая аудитория в основном состоит из иностранцев, иммигрантов, международных студентов, исландской молодёжи и туристов. Выпуски журнала выходят круглый год: раз в две недели с марта по октябрь и раз в месяц с ноября по февраль.

Первый выпуск журнала вышел 13 июня 2003 года. Редакторами первых шести выпусков были  и Валюр Гюннарссон. На следующий год тираж журнала вырос с  до  экземпляров. Через год редактором журнала стал американец Барт Кэмерон. В 2006 году при его участии был издан путеводитель по Рейкьявику «Inside Reykjavik: the Grapevine Guide».

После Кэмерона редакторами журнала были Свейдн Биркир Бьёднссон, Хёйкюр С. Магнуссон, Анна Андерсен, Хельга Тоурей Йоунсдоуттир,  и снова Йоун Трёйсти Сигюрдарсон. Нынешний редактор — Валюр Греттиссон.

В течение нескольких лет на время проведения фестиваля  журнал переходил на ежедневный режим публикаций выпусков, в которых большое внимание уделялось материалам на музыкальную тематику. С 2016 по 2019 год также выходили специальные выпуски, посвящённые данному фестивалю, а также начали публиковаться путеводители по Рейкьявику Best of Reykjavík, выпускавшиеся четыре раза в год. За ними последовал выпуск путеводителя Best of Iceland, выходившего три раза в год.

Благодаря относительно продолжительному существованию, журнал стал считаться уникальным англоязычным изданием об Исландии, на которые любят ссылаться международные СМИ. В частности, мировую известность приобрело освещение журналом чемпионата Европы по футболу 2016 года посредством постов в Твиттере.

Примечания

Журналы Исландии

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I play daily, several times per day!
Best thing to do is join a guild! We have a list of around 100 friend codes which are almost always 5+ points per day.
Sounds good! Please apply in game (find us via the arena leaderboard) with your best squad. We'll pick you up there!
King the guild name is "Relentless"
Nah he spelled it right the first time - Adult $in all the way!


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New growth charts for babies
BBC reported that the UK Government has recently adopted the WHO Growth Charts for infant growth. Prior to this, growth charts being used were based on formula fed babies. The WHO adopted new growth charts in 2006 and according to the technical study, the key standard is that these growth charts "explicitly identify breastfeeding as the biological norm and establish the breastfed child as the normative model for growth and development."
According to Prof. Charlotte Wright, professor of community child health in Glasgow and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (project lead for the new charts), the new growth chart will result in the doubling of the number of overweight babies. The new charts will definitely be welcomed by breastfeeding mothers. As Prof Wright said: "We realise that we have been probably worrying mothers unnecessarily about their child's weight with a knock on impact for breastfeeding. Mothers of small babies who were breastfeeding may have come under pressure to supplement their feeding. Babies who were already ideal are actually overweight. Parents are going to get an early warning that their children are at risk of becoming overweight."
The WHO released these growth charts in 2006. The UK has just recently adopted them, while it seems that the US has not yet adopted them since according to the CDC's National Center for Health Statistics, the US growth charts were last updated in 2000. Click here for links to the 2006 WHO growth charts (I don't call them new since it's been 3 years since they were released).
It makes me wonder what growth charts Philippine pediatricians are currently using (I think they still use the old charts). I have met several nursing mothers who are often told by their pediatricians to "top off" or supplement with formula because their babies are gaining weight slowly. One mother was even advise to start on solids before the half-year mark if the baby will not gain XX number of pounds by this certain month.
My encounter with the growth charts came in the baby books given by formula companies to pediatricians. I guess we were lucky that Naima was naturally on the "heavy" side (owing to her dad's genes.. hehe) so being "off" the charts was never an issue with her and I was not told to supplement with formula. In fact, before she was 6 months and still exclusively directly feeding (I had not gone back to work yet), her pediatrician even told me that I should put her on a diet (which I never did). Hopefully, with the UK's adoption of the 2006 WHO Infant Growth Standards, the Philippines will also adopt these 2006 charts (or hopefully has already adopted it).
*Update: A breastfeeding mom, Kate Demetrio, who works at the Department of Health's National Nutrition Council, informed me that although the Philippines is still using the old growth charts, they are currently working on the adoption of these new infant growth charts based on breastfed babies for the Philippine health system. :)
Thoughts from Jenny at 5/08/2009 10:24:00 AM
Groups news, support
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Wow, great info. Thanks for sharing.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In Situ is a distilled and carefully blended astringent of cedar, juniper, and cypress oils suspended in alcohol. A bracing aftershave, naturally antiseptic, and imbued with the warm woodsy notes of the high north conifers of the Sierra foothills.
Shake well and stay warm!
Philadelphian artist Dylan Sherwood McConnell obtained a BFA in Painting from Rhode Island School of Design in 1993, and has since stitched a story arc between east/west coasts as a working artist, creative director, and composer. His relocation to Nevada City in September 2010 has precipitated a bold shift in content and materials culled from the area and produced a prolific body of new work inspired by its unique geographic and historical space. Always process driven, His works seek to address the bond of temporality, movement through space/time, and to establish a correlative analog between interior/exterior spaces.


This bar and burger joint is right around the corner from the Fox Theatre. A lot of people have reviewed it favourably. However, one may not count on speedy service (there were some scathing comments on the 'net), if planning to catch a show at the Fox. I did neither, but I certainly appreciated the photo opportunity from across the street.
Great architect shot Ayush! It appears to have been a fire station at one time?
Well, Ayush, it doesn't offer good service as a specialty, according to its awning ad.
A very interesting combination. Tradition and modernity.
That is a very American looking building Ayush.
Nice to see that you can enjoy your beer and burger at Engine 11 in the open air as well. You've captured three different styles of architecture in this one shot, Ayush. The walker & parked car seem to match the Bar's red banner.
Quite an original way of converting an old fire station!
Looks as though it is desperately trying to make an effort at some kind of sophistication in the wrong neighbourhood!
Hopefully service was speedier in it's previous life!
If I ever come across this place Ayush, I shall try tore all your comments.
A fire station that sells beer and burgers, while waiting for the alarm to ring. A novel idea. The 'bad' service must be while they are attending a fire.
Lovely photo of the recycled fire station.
Good use of the old fire house. Some restaurants near theatres are really geared up to get people fed and watered in time for curtain up. Perhaps its somewhere for a more relaxed evening with no time pressures.
Maybe people should arrive a little earlier. The world is spoiled by McDonald's speed of delivery. I would rather have good food.
By the way, that is a very cool shot.


Want to experience a Walk Thru the Bible live event? Or maybe you already have and want to come back for more. Our live events are a fun, interactive, and meaningful way to get to know God and find your place in the story.
To find an event near you, please click on your region below.


text:
Q: NumberPicker Restrictions on non-SDK interfaces I'm trying to create a custom NumberPicker like this.
Class<?> numberPickerClass = null;
        try {
            numberPickerClass = Class.forName("android.widget.NumberPicker");
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        Field selectionDivider = null;
        try {
            if (numberPickerClass != null) {
                selectionDivider = numberPickerClass.getDeclaredField("mSelectionDivider");
            }
        } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        if (selectionDivider == null) {
            return;
        }

        try {
            selectionDivider.setAccessible(true);
            selectionDivider.set(this, null);
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (Resources.NotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

However, starting from API29, Android is restricting access on non-SDK interfaces. They are suggesting using set/getDividerHeight instead. But I'm super new to Android and I'm not sure how to update my code. Can anyone kindly help? Thanks!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Migration shapes the world we live in. This 2015 report is a snapshot of the dynamics affecting migration in the Asia and Pacific region. Designed to be as readable as possible, the design focused on creating large type size but still economical on page count.


Does anyone know if Pocsystems support is still functioning?
I have several tickets open with updates and followups with no reply.
Is there any other way to contact Support (yes I have done the support from the Poco Menu)?
The only way to contact Tomas would be through PM, if all else fails.
Don't have any further info, so I'll contact Slaven to know what's going on.


text:
#134 Bean family
2015 America's Richest Families NET WORTH
$1.9B
as of 7/1/15
In 1911, Leon Leonwood "L.L." Bean came home from a hunting trip with soggy feet, so he hired a local cobbler to make a better pair of boots. He got a list of out-of-state hunters to whom he sent a three-page flyer, the first L.L. Bean catalog. In the initial order of 100 pairs, 92 were returned for bad quality. It almost put him out of business, but L.L. refunded every order. Though L.L. Bean has since grown into a $1.6 billion (revenues) powerhouse, surprisingly little has changed. The company's most important products are still boots, which built up a wait list of 100,000 customers last winter. L.L. Bean's owners are still members of the same family, and several Bean descendants work in the business -- in marketing, the warehouse, the stores, and the e-commerce division. L.L.'s great-grandson Shawn Gorman took over as chairman of the company from his uncle Leon Gorman in 2013. The company's commitment to customer service has held true as well. Shipping is free, and customers can return broken-down products years after they buy them.
On forbes lists
America's Richest Families 2015Dropped off in 2016
Fortune Founded1912
Source of WealthL.L. Bean
Company HeadquartersFreeport, ME
Number of Family Members25 (Estimated)
Net worth over time
America's Richest Families
Tadashi Yanai & family
Related by industry: Fashion and Retail
Walton family
Resides in Maine
Karl-Johan Persson
Suh Kyung-bae
Johann Rupert & family
LinkedIn Cofounder Reid Hoffman On His Billion-Dollar Impact Investing Bet
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Bezos's fortune has grown at warp speed, basically doubling from $81 billion a year ago to nearly $167 billion today.
ByLauren DebterForbes Staff
Nigerian Beverage Company AJEast Raises $50 Million
Duet, a U.K-based private equity company, has acquired a majority interest in AJEast Nigeria, a Nigerian African beverage manufacturer, for $50 million
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IBM's HR Chief Shares Best Advice On The Future Of Work
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Mfonobong Nsehe interviews Dr. Christiaan Van Der Walt, Chief Technology Officer at MyBucks, about the brand's ambitions to offer access and financial inclusion to Africa and the under-connected and underserved around the world.
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Africa's Richest Woman Snubs State Prosecutors
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Congress Extends NFIP Four Months, Calls For Reform
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Why I Almost Walked Into A Negotiation War With $16,000 In Cash
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IPO Of Chinese E-Commerce Firm Pinduoduo Mints New Young Billionaire
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Also on forbes


Caily got married at Empire Mine in Grass Valley, CA. I was able to help her and her bridesmaids get ready at Gold Miners Inn, Grass Valley. For her up-do she wanted to do a loose romantic style up-do and natural light makeup.
All of these gorgeous images were done by Shannon Rosan Photography (www.rosanweddings.com). I HIGHLY recommend her, she was amazing to work with and her photos are jaw dropping!


In most states it's illegal, even on private property, to give alcohol to anyone under 18 without the young person's parents agreeing first.
Drink spiking is illegal with consequences including fines and possible time in prison. Drink spiking is when a person deliberately adds alcohol or another drug to someone else's drink without them knowing about it. This includes making a drink stronger than the person was expecting.
The Other Talk - great booklet!


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Home Features Feature Ducati Superleggera in glorious detail – Drooling allowed!
Ducati Superleggera in glorious detail – Drooling allowed!
--Innity--
The Ducati 1199 Superleggera is peerless. It is basically a road-going replica of Ducati's MotoGP race bikes. It is beautiful, meticulously detailed, and is built by the same guys who build Dovizioso and Crutchlow's bikes during their down time from racing.
The concept Superleggera on the right, while its carbon-fibre, magnesium skeleton on the left.
So one does not simply give up the chance to photograph the Superleggera when a chance is offered to you. And because we were not going to ride or mess around with a bike that costs about RM600,000, we photographed it indoors, pampered it with air-conditioning, and got some hot girls to rub it up gently. Those pictures however are for another time and place.
Carbon fibre everything, the Superleggera weighs an incredible 155kg dry! That's over 50kg's lighter than the BMW HP4 Carbon!
Anyway, the Ducati Supperleggera. Only 500 will ever be built, and this is the final concept bike, the showpiece. It travelled the world, and was booked for a trip to Canada right after we were done with it. A superbike celebrity it is.
The innards of the mighty Superleggera are just as impressive. It's mostly lightweight exotic metals here like carbon fibre and magnesium.
So what makes the Superleggera so special besides from the highly-skilled hands that put Ducati's Picasso together piece by piece, bolt by bolt. Lots actually.
Almost everything that can be made of Carbon Fibre is made out of it, in fact the Superleggera is lighter than WSB race bikes.
It weighs a barely believable 155kg dry, and has over 200bhp. That gives it the best power-to-weight ratio of any road-legal superbike. It weighs 166kg lubricated but with no fuel and 177kg when it is fully ready to ride. And just for comparisons sake, the baby 899 Panigale weighs 200.5kg while a fuelled up BMW HP4 Carbon is 210kg.
If you thought the Panigale R was exotic, think again. In comparison to the Panigale R, the Superleggera has over 200 new components designed to make it lighter, stronger, faster, better. The bodywork is carbon fibre (duh), almost every part of the engine is titanium, the frame is magnesium.
Lets break it down.
The shocks are surprisingly the same as the Panigale R, but the spring is much lighter.
The cast magnesium chassis of the Superleggera weighs just 3kg. The carbon fibre subframe on the other hand weighs just 0.9g! Even the radiator cap is 9 grams lighter. The titanium valves are 24 grams lighter than the R, pistons are lighter by 97 grams while 396 grams was saved from the crank alone. Even the battery weighs 0.7kg. Just to put it into perspective, the Ducati's that race in the World Superbike Series, have a heavier, older homologated 1199R cast aluminium airbox monocoque chassis.
Yes, you read that right, the exhaust is made out of titanium. Not just the box, the whole thing!
There's carbon-fibre everywhere! EVERYWHERE! If you need to know, this includes the complete fairing, the seat unit, front mudguard, hugger, heel guards, cylinder side covers, shock guard, exhaust shield, duct and switch covers.
The wheels are forged magnesium Marchesini wheels that are 1kg lighter than the aluminium wheels on the 1199R. Combined, the wheels weigh 5.6kg. This makes the bike more agile, and allows for a softer suspension set up.
The Marchesini wheels are over 5kg lighter than the ones on the Panigale R.
The colour is called Lumo Red, and is the same colour for the 2007 Desmosedici RR.
We can go on and on about the engine, but the fact of the matter is, it is a racing engine. And it's not easy to make a racing engine endure the trashing of street riding. The big V-Twin engine makes 200bhp@11,500rpm (the R makes 195bhp) and compression has been updated from 12.5:1 to 13.2:1. This was achieved using ultra-light, twin-ring, short-skirt pistons. Then there is also new titanium exhaust valves, new cams, a balanced crank with tungsten counterweight inserts, a racing air filter, and in true racing style, a gear position sensor for the new quick shifter.
Press up and down to select different mode settings via the Rapid Adjuster; left handle bar only.
Brakes have expectedly been updated too, but don't expect to be blown away. There are radially mounted Brembo mono block Evo M50 calipers, and two 330mm discs, which are the same as the Panigale R. A new Brembo MCS 19.21 master cylinder has been put in place and offers two-way adjustable lever position – 19mm for a longer travel smoother action, and 21mm for more precise braking. To make access to the brake lever easier, there is a race-style remote front brake span adjuster.
The Superleggera features radially mounted Brembo mono block Evo M50 calipers, and two 330mm discs.
Then there are the electronics of the bike. There is the latest, Ducati Wheelie Control coupled to each of the three riding modes – Race, Sport and Wet. And just to blow your mind further, the DWC can be adjusted on the move in eight stages in Race mode with the new finger and thumb operated Rapid Adjuster on the left handlebar. The Rapid Adjuster can also be set to change traction and engine braking levels.
The office of a racer.
Then there is the trick suspension system, the Ohlins TTX36 rear shock may not sound like a big deal, a number of high end exoticas come with it. But the Superleggera's comes with a lightweight titanium spring. The front shocks are Ohlins 43mm, FL916 lightweight forks that are 1.4kg's lighter. They have machined aluminium bottoms and asymmetrically-machined outer tubes to shave weight, better strengthening without compromising on flexibility. However, adjustments have to be done manually, instead of electronically as with the R.
"The suspension have machined aluminium bottoms and asymmetrically-machined outer tubes to shave weight, better strengthening without compromising on flexibility."
The biggest thorn on the Superleggera's side thought has to be the chain and sprocket. See, just like regular race bikes, the Superleggera comes with thin-pitched 520 chains that maximises power, reduces weight but also reduces durability. The road-spec chain has a 525 or 530-pitch, just for comparison. The rear sprocket is also 1.3kg's lighter.
"The Superleggera comes with thin-pitched 520 chains that maximises power, reduces weight but also reduces durability. The road-spec chain has a 525 or 530-pitch, just for comparison. The rear sprocket is also 1.3kg's lighter."
We have not ridden the Superleggera yet, so there really is no telling, but word is that it isn't that easy to ride. Acceleration is ballistic naturally, but it all ultimately depends on how strong you are, and how talented you are. Riding this thing to it's full potential will take balls of steel with the talent of Checa. Or that's what they say. But whatever it is, one thing is for sure though, this Superleggera is on the Greatest Ever list already, and we still dream of the day we spent rubbing up against it.
The Superleggera is a modern work of art, lighter, faster and everything in between. It is also the most expensive road-going superbike in the world!
Ducati Panigale R
Ducati Superleggera
Panigale R
Superleggera
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text:
Q: IIS app pool application asks for password (basic auth) but neither postman or insomnia can respond We have an IIS server running a EPICOR ERP system. The ERP system installs IIS application pool, which certain urls are remapped to be handled by the app pool.
Here is what it says about the verification:
For security reasons you should always use https with REST API

REST API supports 2 authentication methods Basic authentication The
  username and password are combined into a string separated by a colon
  and encoded using Base64. The result is placed into Authorization
  header: Authorization: Basic {encoded string} Token authentication The
  bearer token can be obtained for the user from token service. See
  https://epicorapp2/ERP10.1Test/TokenResource.svc/help (Token
  authentication should be enabled). Then access token should be send in
  the Authorization header in the following form: Authorization: Bearer
  {token string}

The IIS server itself has anonymous authentication for the top level url (and all others are turned off).
My experience in Chrome when I go to the desired URL:
https://epicorapp2/ERP10.1Test/api/help/
is that one gets a pop-up asking for username/password (where the user/passord is for the ERP system, not for the host IIS system).
But I am unable to duplicate this experience either with Postman or Insomnia
(I have tried putting in the username/password in the authorization options for both Postman and Insomnia. I get a 401 authorization error.
Any ideas?

A: Never got postman to work. But Insomnia works fine as soon as I was able to update the self-sign certificate to DigiCert.


text:
Die Basilika Maria Santissima Annunziata ist eine römisch-katholische Kirche in Comiso in Sizilien, Italien. Die Pfarrkirche des Bistums Ragusa trägt den Titel einer Basilica minor. Die barocke Kirche stammt aus dem 18. Jahrhundert.

Geschichte
Die heutige Kirche wurde auf den Überresten der alten Nikolauskirche erbaut, die bereits 1125 belegt ist. Aber schon 1557 wurde das Patrozinium Mariä Himmelfahrt hinzugefügt, als die Kirche im griechisch-orthodoxen Ritus genutzt wurde. Bei dem Erdbeben von 1693 wurde ein großer Teil der Kirche beschädigt, so dass man begann, einen Wiederaufbau von Grund auf zu planen. Mit der Planung wurde der Architekt G. B. Cascione Vaccarini aus Palermo, Neffe des berühmteren Giovanni Battista Vaccarini, betraut, und die Arbeiten an der neuen Kirche begannen 1772. Die Arbeiten zogen sich über viele Jahre hin und wurden durch Gabriele Distabile, den Klerus und des gesamten Volkes unterstützt, bis sie 1793 zum Stillstand kamen, ohne dass die Kirche fertiggestellt wurde. In der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts wurde die imposante Kuppel errichtet, die 1885 fertig gestellt wurde, während 1896 einer der beiden von Cascione Vaccarini geplanten Glockentürme nach den ursprünglichen Plänen errichtet wurde.

Architektur
Die dreischiffige Kreuzbasilika misst 55,90 × 32,45 m. Ihr Mittelschiff wird von einem Tonnengewölbe überspannt, das von zehn großen Rundbögen getragen wird, die auf schlanken zylindrischen Säulen ruhen. Die schmalen Seitenschiffe sind mit Kuppelgewölben bedeckt. Die Tonnengewölbe des Querhauses führen zu einer Vierungskuppel auf einem hohen Tambour. Der erhöhte Chor schließt mit einer runden Apsis.

Ausstattung
Im Inneren der Kirche sind mehrere Werke zu sehen, die die Ausstattung der Kirche bereichern:
 eine wertvolles Gemälde mit der Darstellung der Himmelfahrt Mariens, signiert Narcisus Guidonius aus dem Jahr 1605;
 eine hölzerne Statue des hl. Nikolaus aus dem 16. Jahrhundert, die aus der gleichnamigen alten Kirche stammt;
 ein herrliches Holzkruzifix aus dem 18. Jahrhundert von Umile da Petralia;
 ein Baptisterium aus weißem Marmor und Bronze von Mario Rutelli, das 1912 fertiggestellt und am 15. August 1913 eingeweiht wurde;
 eine große pneumatische Orgel aus dem Jahr 1922 von den Brüdern Polizzi aus Modica;
 Zwei Gemälde von Salvatore Fiume mit den Darstellungen der Geburt und der Auferstehung schmücken die zentrale Apsis.
 Passion mit der Darstellung der Kreuzigung Christi, 19 Meter hoch und 7 Meter breit, von Pietro Quintavalle. 1862

Literatur
 Pro Loco di Comiso: Comiso Viva, 1996.
 Fulvio Stanganelli: Vicende storiche di Comiso, 1926.
 Padre Salvatore Pelligra: CASMENE DEVOTA ossia raccolta di tutte le pratiche di divozione che si eseguiscono tuttodì nelle chiese di Comiso, Mondovì, 1881.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Kirchengebäude in Sizilien
Santissima
Basilica minor
Mariä-Verkündigung-Kirche
Barocke Kirche
Barockbauwerk in Sizilien
Erbaut in den 1790er Jahren
Kirchengebäude in Europa


If you're planning your Kentucky adventures for the summer (and feel particularly adventurous!), here's something you'll find interesting: Breaks Interstate Park is now officially open for rock climbing.
Breaks Interstate Park – located in the Commonwealths of Kentucky and Virginia – is one of only two interstate parks in the nation. With an already impressive repertoire of recreational opportunities headlined by world class paddling in the Russell Fork River, rock climbing will strengthen its draw as a destination for adventure tourism.
Beginning in 2014 with a park-wide master planning process, local Pikeville climber Kylie Schmidt brought attention to the subject. Schmidt and other key partners worked to develop regulations, which were adopted by Breaks Interstate Park Commission in April of 2015.
"Having taken trips to the Red River Gorge and other popular climbing areas, I realized that the Breaks Park, my home park, had the same potential," said Schmidt.
Park staff, the Access Fund and the Southwest Virginia Climbers Coalition worked to establish a Climbing Management plan that allows for a great deal of climbing access while still protecting sensitive areas of the park.
The Breaks Interstate Park canyon is lined with miles of orange and grey sandstone walls, similar to nearby climbing areas Obed Wild and Scenic River, and the New River Gorge in Tennessee and West Virginia, respectively. The Breaks currently contains 75 established routes, with the potential for hundreds more.
Climbers at the Breaks Interstate Park are required to get a free climbing permit which may be obtained at the Visitor Center or Lodge. Climbing is only open in approved areas of the park. Route information is available on www.mountainproject.com.
To learn more about all there is to do at Breaks Interstate Park, visit www.breakspark.com or the Breaks Interstate Park Section on Ky State Parks' Official Website.


text:
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Since I have some time on my hands, and like my literary hero, Sherlock Holmes, I abhor mental stagnation, I tend to think of concepts related to smoking, and after re-reading a piece of literature, something struck me- since our tongues have "zones" for taste sensations, what direct impact does this have on the enjoyment of smoking a pipe or cigar?
Immediately upon having this thought, another struck me- "Idiot! Now you're not going to let this go until you do some research." So the journey began.
If you learned about the areas of the tongue in school or otherwise, you may notice a difference in this updated version. It was previously believed that the center of the tongue wasn't much of sensory area, but more recent research has discovered that it's responsible for the tastes that fall into the realm of "savory" or umami. This would be the part of the tongue responsible for tasting something like, let's say, bacon (…mmm, bacon).
This is also why people tend to notice the flavor of different pipe tobaccos or cigars in varying parts of the mouth. Straight Virginias, for example, tend to be noticed more prominently on the tip of the tongue, but also on the sides, as the acidity of a yellow Virginia will be detected as a bit of sourness.
Davidoff has used this information for a number of years in the form of a pleasant hour-long mini-seminar that they present at cigar shops across the U.S. They pass around some small fumas made of one particular leaf, and small sizes of blends, while showing the area of the tongue that different leaves tend to trigger. By doing this, they can blend leaves together to create a "whole-mouth feel" by making sure that there are elements of all the taste zones being affected by the combination.
My little study isn't meant to help me develop new pipe tobaccos, as I don't look at my blends with the same kind of approach as one might with a cigar. There are actually times that I will target a certain area of the palate- sweet, spicy,etc., rather than trying to blanket the entire tongue. No, my curiosity has drawn me in another direction, but I still have a little more work to do before I roll out my thoughts.
The problem is with the methodology of the study, as I get looks of confusion when I have approached people with a scientific background for assistance. They apparently assume that my interest in doing research on pipe tobacco and cigars is to prove how bad they are for your health. When I inform them that I'm doing a little study about flavor and sensation, they stare at me as if I were wearing a purple tutu and had a beehive on my head. I guess they believe that any form of tobacco use is a compulsion, not a choice and that the taste isn't a consideration. Since it's socially unacceptable to hit people with a cast iron skillet, I just sigh and move on. As a result, I've had to develop my own (rather unscientific) method, but the work is more than halfway complete.
When I finish, my findings will be on PipesMagazine.com, in either April or May, and although I think that my idea is unique in dealing with tobacco products, I'm sure that there are other studies that deal with similar concepts, so I'm trying to track down some information.
I don't want to be too cryptic here, but until I have the data all sorted out, I don't want to disclose too many details, but the results should be interesting, at the very least, and may change the way some people may choose to enjoy the hobby. In the meantime, relax and enjoy.
An interesting topic and possibly controversial!
The wine industry has done a lot of work in this area as there are sommliers schools that teach wine tasters to react to various "taste" components (see http://www.aromadictionary.com/articles/tonguemap_article.html for good criticism of tongue map) . Might be a good place for you to find information (wine tasting charts/wheels? Of course there always the tobacconist university cigar flavor chart). Also, be warned that there is a "gender" effect with taste as many physiological studies with taste have shown that women have more taste bud receptors on their tongues then men. They are often regarded as "supertasters". Most likely a evolutionary response from foraging days. There also seems to be an age effect.
Kaoru Sato, Sohei Endo, and Hiroshi Tomita. 2002. Sensitivity of Three Loci on the Tongue and Soft Palate to Four Basic Tastes in Smokers and Non-smokers. Acta Oto-laryngologica, Vol. 122, No. 4 : Pages 74-82.
Fukunaga, A., H. Uematsu, and K. Sugimoto. 2005. Influences of Aging on Taste Perception and Oral Somatic Sensation. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 60 (1): 109-113.
You probably have already research some of this but thought if you hadn't it might help. Disregard if unhelplful in your quest. Its the professor in me! Always enjoy you and Greg Pease's columns. Makes my limited pipe smoking that more enjoyable and informed.
I find information like this fascinating, but also a little frustrating. I'm mostly a pipe smoker (now), but I get almost nothing from tobacco where my tongue is concerned. It is all aroma in the nose/nasal cavity. This was less of a problem with cigars for some reason, but I almost gave up on pipes until I discovered how to retrohale, and found english/balkan blends, who's aromas are easier to detect that virginias or va/pers (in my opinion). Maybe I'm detecting more from the tobacco in my mouth than I think I am.
Have you taken into consideration how "smell" affects "taste" in your study?
Russ i have a little experement for you to try which you might find benificial to your taste guides to tabacco, get yourself a few strong flavoured sweets, now eat one and savour the flavour……….take the second one pinch your nose closed and hold it that way then start eating the sweet you will not taste anything then when you have the sweet well chewed and at its optimum flavour delivery let your nose go and you will get an instant hit of the flavour and i bet it will be different to the first sweet!. You could try the same with your cigars and pipe tabacco it works and i use it to over enjoy a favourate cigar or tabacco as i cant aford to stockpile them. If you find this a good tool to use you can thank me by sending me a nice flavoursome pipe tabacco………….if you feel i deserve it that is!


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Open arms, and open doors… no matter the season, or the circumstance, neighbors are always willing to lend a hand or invite someone in. The community is very special in this way. Its proximity to St. Louis makes it convenient to hospitals, dining, theatre and more. But, the town itself is quiet and peaceful with low crime rates and stunning homes along idyllic tree-lined streets. In the autumn, those trees turn colors and when winter hits the trees lose their leaves. But, come spring, everything comes alive again and the town awakens. Kids break out swimsuits and sandals and parents start planning their gardens.
You won't have to go far for some education and culture. The town is an academic's dream. Webster University's home campus is located in Webster Groves, a suburb of St. Louis and there are satellite campuses throughout the area. There are also international campuses which are located in several European countries including Switzerland, Austria, The Netherlands, Asia and Africa. The university also maintains partnerships with a few international schools like Regent's University in London and Kansai University in Japan. There is simply no shortage of what can be learned about other cultures, the arts, global issues or foreign languages… among, of course, many other things. This is a great school option for kids inside, and outside, the state of Missouri. If you have an upcoming college student, be sure to schedule a fall tour to check out what the school has to offer, and enjoy the amazing colors that this area brings forth in the fall.


text:
Alissa Sajanowna Schambalowa (; * 13. September 1994 in Sagan-Nur, Burjatien, Russland) ist eine russische Skilangläuferin.

Werdegang
Schambalowa startete zu Beginn der Saison 2010/11 erstmals in Werschina Tjoi im Eastern-Europe-Cup und belegte dabei den 20. Platz im Sprint. Bei den Olympischen Jugend-Winterspielen 2012 in Innsbruck kam sie auf den 17. Platz im Sprint und den fünften Rang über 5 km klassisch. Zu Beginn der Saison 2012/13 erreichte sie in Werschina Tjoi mit dem zweiten Platz im Sprint ihre erste Podestplatzierung im Eastern-Europe-Cup. Im Januar 2013 holte sie bei den Nordischen Junioren-Skiweltmeisterschaften in Liberec die Bronzemedaille im Skiathlon und die Silbermedaille mit der Staffel. Im folgenden Monat debütierte sie in Sotschi im Weltcup und belegte dabei den 49. Platz im Sprint. Zu Beginn der folgenden Saison holte sie im Sprint in Werschina Tjoi ihren ersten Sieg im Eastern-Europe-Cup. Zudem errang sie dort über 5 km klassisch den zweiten Platz. Im weiteren Saisonverlauf erreichte sie weitere Top Zehn Platzierungen und errang damit den zweiten Platz in der Cupgesamtwertung. Aufgrund dieser guten Leistungen startete sie zum Saisonende bei vier Weltcuprennen. Dabei war der 45. Platz im 30-km-Massenstartrennen in Oslo ihr bestes Resultat. Bei den Nordischen Junioren-Skiweltmeisterschaften 2014 im Val di Fiemme gewann sie im Skiathlon und mit der Staffel jeweils die Silbermedaille.

Zu Beginn der Saison 2014/15 kam Schambalowa im Eastern-Europe-Cup in Werschina Tjoi mit dem dritten Platz über 10 km klassisch erneut aufs Podest. Die anschließende Nordic Opening in Lillehammer beendete sie auf den 64. Platz. Im Februar 2015 belegte sie bei den U23-Weltmeisterschaften in Astana über 10 km Freistil und im Skiathlon jeweils den 13. Platz und im Sprint den vierten Rang. Bei der letzten Saisonstation des Eastern-Europe-Cup in Rybinsk kam sie auf den vierten Platz im Sprint und den zweiten Platz im Skiathlon und erreichte damit den fünften Platz in der Cupgesamtwertung. Die folgende Saison begann für sie im Eastern-Europe-Cup in Werschina Tjoi mit Platz drei und eins im Sprint. Bei der Tour de Ski 2016, die sie auf den 39. Platz beendete, holte sie in Oberstdorf mit dem 25. Platz im Sprint ihre ersten Weltcuppunkte. Bei den U23-Weltmeisterschaften 2016 in Râșnov belegte sie den 23. Platz über 10 km Freistil, den 15. Rang über 10 km klassisch und den 14. Platz im Sprint. In der Saison 2016/17 kam sie bei der Tour de Ski 2016/17 auf den 30. Platz. Im Februar 2017 erreichte sie in Pyeongchang mit dem fünften Platz im Sprint ihre erste Top Zehn Platzierung im Weltcup. Bei den nordischen Skiweltmeisterschaften 2017 in Lahti errang sie den 23. Platz im 30-km-Massenstartrennen. Ende März 2017 wurde sie bei den russischen Meisterschaften in Chanty-Mansijsk Dritte im 30-km-Massenstartrennen und Zweite im Skiathlon. Die Tour de Ski 2017/18 beendete sie auf dem 20. Platz. Ihre beste Platzierung bei den Olympischen Winterspielen 2018 in Pyeongchang war der 15. Platz im 30-km-Massenstartrennen.

In der Saison 2018/19 errang Schambalowa mit vier Siegen im Eastern-Europe-Cup den zweiten Platz in der Gesamtwertung. Beim Saisonhöhepunkt, den nordischen Skiweltmeisterschaften 2019 in Seefeld in Tirol, lief sie auf den 21. Platz über 10 km klassisch. Bei der Winter-Universiade 2019 in Krasnojarsk gewann sie über 5 km klassisch, in der Verfolgung, im 15-km-Massenstartrennen und mit der Staffel. jeweils die Goldmedaille. Im April 2019 wurde sie in Kononowskaja russische Meisterin im Massenstartrennen über 30 km klassisch. Nach Platz 40 beim Ruka Triple zu Beginn der Saison 2019/20, errang sie den 24. Platz bei der Tour de Ski 2019/20 und den 22. Platz bei der Skitour. Sie erreichte damit den 35. Platz im Gesamtweltcup. In der Saison 2020/21 belegte sie den 30. Platz beim Ruka Triple und den 12. Rang bei der Tour de Ski 2021 und erreichte damit den 22. Platz im Gesamtweltcup und den 19. Rang im Distanzweltcup. Beim Saisonhöhepunkt, den Nordischen Skiweltmeisterschaften 2021 in Oberstdorf, lief sie auf den 31. Platz im 30-km-Massenstartrennen. In der folgenden Saison errang sie mit sechs zweiten, drei dritten Plätzen und einen ersten Platz den zweiten Platz in der Gesamtwertung des Eastern-Europe-Cups.

Siege bei Continental-Cup-Rennen

Teilnahmen an Weltmeisterschaften und Olympischen Winterspielen

Olympische Spiele
 2018 Pyeongchang: 15. Platz 30 km klassisch Massenstart, 17. Platz 10 km Freistil, 21. Platz 15 km Skiathlon, 44. Platz Sprint klassisch

Nordische Skiweltmeisterschaften
 2017 Lahti: 22. Platz 30 km Freistil Massenstart
 2019 Seefeld in Tirol: 21. Platz 10 km klassisch
 2021 Oberstdorf: 31. Platz 30 km klassisch Massenstart

Platzierungen im Weltcup

Weltcup-Statistik

Weltcup-Gesamtplatzierungen

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Skilangläufer (Russland)
Universiadesieger (Skilanglauf)
Russischer Meister (Skilanglauf)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Jugend-Winterspiele 2012
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 2018
Teilnehmer der Winter-Universiade 2019
Russe
Geboren 1994
Frau
Universiadeteilnehmer (Russland)
Olympiateilnehmer (Russland)


Marie-Louise von Wartburg, FSA, Dr.
Studium der Geschichte, Kunstgeschichte und Germanistik an der Universität Zürich; 1980 Promotion, ausgezeichnet mit einem Preis der Johann Wolfgang von Goethe-Stiftung. Seit 1973 Teilnahme an den Ausgrabungen in Alt-Paphos auf Cypern. 1977-79 Wissenschaftliche Assistentin am Schweizerischen Landesmuseum Zürich. Seit 1979 Ständige Wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin am Historischen Seminar der Universität Zürich. Stellvertreterin des Grabungsleiters in Alt-Paphos, seit 1986 Mitdirektorin der verschiedenen Ausgrabungen, Hauptverantwortung für die Mittelalterprojekte. Bearbeitung mittelalterlicher Befunde aus Nea Paphos, Lemba und Nicosia. Zuständig für Entwurf und Realisierung des Datenbank-Programms "PAPHOS". Neben Lehraufträgen in Zürich zahlreiche Vorträge an verschiedenen Universitäten und Forschungsinstitutionen im Ausland. Januar - April 1993 Visiting Fellow of the Department of Archaeology and Art der Universität Princeton. Seit 2000 Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London.
Vestigia Leonis. Ceramica d'origine veneziana e norditaliana rinvenuta a Cipro, Cahier du Centre d'Études Chypriotes 43, 2013, 523-549.
'Islamic' table ware found in Cyprus: Study and analysis of fabric and glazes, with Heinz Berke (et al.), Report of the Department of Antiquities Cyprus, 2009, 389-410.
Pottery of a 12th century pit from the Palaion Demarcheion site in Nicosia: a typological and analytical approach to a closed assemblage, with Yiannis Violaris. In: Actas del VIII Congreso Internacional de Cerámica Medieval en el Mediterráneo, vol 1, ed. J. Zozaya (et al.) Ciudad Real 2009, 249-264.
Chronology and stratigraphy of the Medieval pottery of Cyprus: a critical review. In: B. Böhlendorf-Arslan, A. O. Uysal, J. Witte-Orr (eds.), Çanak. Late Antique and Medieval Pottery and Tiles in Mediterranean Archaeological Contexts, BYZAS 7 (2007) 419-440.
Die Archäologie mittelalterlicher Rohrzuckerproduktion. 25 Jahre Forschung auf Zypern. In: V. Herzner-J. Krügen (Hrsg.), Transfer. Innovationen in der Zeit der Kreuzzüge. Akten der 4. Landauer Staufertagung 2003, Speyer 2006, 67-85.
"Fine-Sgraffito Ware", "Aegean Ware", and other wares: new evidence for a major production of Byzantine ceramics, with S. Y. Waksman, Report of the Department of Antiquities Cyprus, 2006, 88-106.
The Lusignan cane-sugar refinery in the coastal plain (site TST). In: F.G. Maier, Guide to Palaipaphos (Kouklia), Nicosia 2004, 89-105. Deutsche Version, Nicosia 2006.
Vestigia Leonis: Art and Architecture in Cyprus under Venetian Rule. In: Cyprus Jewel in the Crown of Venice, Exhibition catalogue, 15 October – 15 November, A.G. Leventis Foundation, Nicosia 2003, 57-73.
Cypriot Contacts with East and West as reflected in Medieval glazed pottery from the Paphos region, Actes VIIe Congrès International sur la Céramique Médiévale en Méditerranées, Thessaloniki, 11-16 Octobre 1999, hrsg. Ch. Bakirtzis, Athen 2003, 153-166.
Venetian Buildings in Cyprus: Impact and Feedback. In: Kypros – Venetia, Koines Historikes Tyches, hrsg. Ch. Maltezou, Venedig 2002, 27-43.
Venice and Cyprus: The Archaeology of Cultural and Ecomomic Relations, in: Bisanzio, Venezia e il mondo franco-greco (XIII – XV secolo). Atti del Colloquio Internationale, Venezia, 1-2 dicembre 2000, hrsg. Ch. Maltezou – P. Schreiner, Venedig 2002, 503-559.
Types of imported tableware at Kouklia in the Ottoman period. A Preliminary Survey, Report of the Department of Antiquities Cyprus, 2001, 360-389.
Bowls and Birds. Some Middle Byzantine Glazed Bowls from Swiss Private Collections. In: Mosaic. Festschrift für A. H. S. Megaw, hrsg. J. Herrin, M. Mullett, C. Otten-Froux, London 2001, 115-129.
'Hochzeitspaare' und Weintrinker. Zu Bildmotiven der mittelalterlichen Keramik Cyperns, in: Zona Archeologica. Festschrift für Hans Peter Isler zum 60. Geburtstag, hrsg. S. Buzzi et al., Bonn 2001, 457-465. Taf. 71-72.
Earthquakes and Archaeology: Paphos after 1222. In: A. Papageorghiou (hrsg.), Praktika tou Tritou Diethnous Kyprologikou Synedriou (16-20 Apriliou 1996), II, Nicosia 2001, 127-145.
Cane sugar production sites in Cyprus. Real and imagined, Report of the Department of Antiquities Cyprus, 2000, 381-401.
Mittelalterliche Keramik aus dem Aphroditeheiligtum in Palaipaphos (Grabungsplatz TA), Archäologischer Anzeiger, 1998, 133-165.
Lemba Ware Reconsidered, Report of the Department of Antiquities Cyprus, 1997, 323-340.
Design and technology of the medieval cane sugar refineries in Cyprus. A case study in industrial archaeology. In: Paisajes del azucar. Actas del Quinto Seminario Internacional sobre la cana de azucar, hrsg. A. Malpica, Granada 1995, 81-116.
Production du sucre de canne à Chypre: un chapitre de technologie médiévale. In: Coloniser au moyen âge, hrsg. M. Balard, A. Ducellier, Paris 1995, 126-131, 151-153.
'PAPHOS': ein PC-basiertes Fundbearbeitungssystem für archäologische Ausgrabungen. In: Computer und Archäologie, hrsg. O. Stoll, St. Katharinen 1994, 43-58.
Couvoucle. Alt-Paphos im Mittelalter. In: F. G. Maier, Alt-Paphos auf Cypern. Ausgrabungen zur Geschichte von Stadt und Heiligtum, 1966-1984, 6. Trierer Winckelmannsprogramm, Mainz 1985, 33-41, 73-75, Taf.14-18.
Paphos as a centre of the cane sugar industry. In: F.G. Maier, V. Karageorghis, Paphos. History and Archaeology, Nicosia 1984, 326-345.
Alphabetisierung und Lektüre. Untersuchung am Beispiel einer ländlichen Region im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert (Diss. Zürich 1979), Bern 1981.
Übersetzung aus dem Neugriechischen: A. Papageorghiou, Ikonen aus Cypern, Nicosia 1993, (Eikones tis Kyprou, Nicosia 1991).
Ausgrabungen in Alt-Paphos, 12. – 17. Vorläufiger Bericht: Archäologischer Anzeiger, 1984-1998.
Excavations at Kouklia (Palaepaphos), 12th – 18th Preliminary Reports, Report of the Department of Antiquities Cyprus, 1983-1997.
Strangers at Palaepaphos, Report of the Department of Antiquities Cyprus, 1988, 275-279.
Reconstructing history from the earth, c. 2800 B.C. - 1600 A.D.: Excavating at Palaepaphos, 1966-1984. In: Archaeology in Cyprus 1960-1985. Nicosia 1985, 142-172.


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NPR Review: 'Ayesha At Last,' By Uzma Jalaluddin There have been an awful lot of South Asian adaptations of Pride and Prejudice recently, but Uzma Jalaluddin's tale of two Toronto Muslims — one conservative, one liberal — stands out beautifully.
In 'Ayesha At Last,' A Take On Austen That's Sparky And Sensitive
June 9, 20197:00 AM ET
Kamrun Nesa
Ayesha at Last
by Uzma Jalaluddin
Paperback, 351 pages |
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South Asian adaptations of Jane Austen's timeless Pride and Prejudice have become quite popular recently — and no, watching the 2005 Bollywood-style token film Bride and Prejudice — the only famous Indian adaptation of Austen's novel — doesn't mean we've seen it all. Uzma Jalaluddin's debut novel Ayesha at Last — which reads like an Indian soap opera with a dash of Shakespeare — stands out beautifully in the crowd.
The novel kicks off with Khalid Mirza and Ayesha Shamsi, two Muslims living in Toronto, who clash at every turn over different interpretations of their faith. Khalid, who's more conservative, is content with allowing his controlling mother to run his life and arrange his marriage because "love comes after marriage." Ayesha, on the other hand, is a fiercely independent poet on the rise, who would much rather focus on her career and find a husband on her own than be pressured into a relationship by her gossipy community, just because she's getting older.
When they're forced to work on a conference together at their mosque, judgmental glares and biting remarks give way to a burgeoning attraction that leaves Khalid confused; after all, his mother has always warned him about the dangers of pre-marital love. "These Western ideas of romantic love are utter nonsense. Just look at the American divorce rate," his Ammi says.
Understandably, we don't see traditionally sexy scenes in Ayesha at Last, but the palpable friction between Khalid and Ayesha as they dance around like two magnets desperate to connect creates a whole new level of non-physical seduction. Jalaluddin carefully teases out their romance, taking just enough time and adding just enough heat to make it rise as gracefully as Ayesha's grandmother's parathas.
'Pride, Prejudice, And Other Flavors' Is More Than Just Reheated Austen
'Unmarriageable' Sets 'Pride And Prejudice' In Pakistan
Their encounters overflow with tension — which reaches a peak when Khalid's mother sets him up with Ayesha's younger (and wealthier) cousin Hafsa, thereby forcing them to admit their feelings and look past their differences, or lose each other for good.
Despite the similarities in the premises, Ayesha at Last is more than just a Muslim retelling of Austen's work; Jalaluddin constructs a timely and enlightening narrative that validates the experiences of many South Asians and Muslims today, while weaving in universal themes of identity, class, and discrimination. Though the topic of arranged marriage is prominent in the story, it acts more as a conduit to start lively debates about tradition and change among the different generations. And by highlighting ideological differences between many of the Muslim characters, particularly Ayesha and Khalid, Jalaluddin helps dismantle the misconception that all Muslims are alike.
Understandably, we don't see traditionally sexy scenes... but the palpable friction between Khalid and Ayesha as they dance around like two magnets desperate to connect creates a whole new level of non-physical seduction.
Even so, our romantic duo experiences their fair share of microaggressions and discrimination because of their culture and religious attire; in fact, Khalid's supervisor at work goes to extreme lengths to sabotage him, and the uncertainty that constantly follows him at the office — coupled with the private workplace conversations we hear about him — is heartbreaking. Jalaluddin, however, empowers her characters to stand up to injustice and practice their religion with pride instead of staying silent. They don't ask why they're being victimized, rather, they want to know how they can speak up, educate others, and be authentic to themselves.
By actively discussing their faith, Ayesha and Khalid begin to change the xenophobic narrative that so often surrounds Islam. In many ways, Ayesha at Last's fictional universe acts as a microcosm of a diverse and oft-misunderstood community, and Jalaluddin's compassionate and sensitive writing about it radiates off the page.
Kamrun Nesa is a freelance writer based in New York. Her work has been featured in The Washington Post, Bustle, PopSugar, and HelloGiggles.


Thread: Some funny detailing pics !
With detailing season for me starting up (actually for me it doesn't stop!) I thought I would post up some funny pics about detailing. I am already booking appointments into June, if you need me to put a little shine on your buggy, just let me know !! 603 819 1549 is my cell.


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APA-Mbabane (eSwatini) — eSwatini exports baby vegetables, handicraft and artworks, organic compounds and sugar worth $4.28 million to France per year.
APA-Mbabane (eSwatini) — The government of eSwatini will consider extending relief assistance to Cyclone Idai victims from Malawi and Zimbabwe following a request made by the two countries early in the week.
APA-Mbabane (eSwatini) — eSwatini ranks among the best in the registration of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) when compared to five countries in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) a local newspaper reported on Thursday.
APA-Mbabane (eSwatini) — A taskforce headed by Deputy Prime Minister Themba Masuku will facilitate relief measures for victims of Cyclone Idai in Beira, Mozambique.
APA-Mbabane (eSwatini) — The United States Embassy in Mbabane has donated 40 000 books that will be distributed to various schools in the country.
APA-Mbabane (eSwatini) — A former mayor of eSwatini's capital, Mbabane, will face government's wrath for making derogatory remarks on Facebook about women.
APA-Mbabane (eSwatini) — King Mswati III of eSwatini has held private talks with Uruguay President Tabare Vazquez, Estonia President Kersti Kaljulaid and Argentina President Mauricio Macri to discuss bilateral cooperation between the southern African kingdom and three countries, APA learnt here on Saturday.


Cool tattoos are those that a lot of individuals uncover really appealing and appealing. When you want to put on such a kind of tattoo, the first thing you need to know is where to discover cool ideas or images for the design that you would pick. Fortunately, this is not a lot of a problem as you can discover many sources for tattoos that would genuinely match your taste.
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Luckily for you, there are some certain sites that can help you in choosing the design you would get for a tattoo. Cool Tattoos can be discovered in trusted and reliable sources on the World wide web, and all you would have to do is to browse by means of the endless gallery of works of art by renowned artists.
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Last but not least, in case you can't choose on which tattoo designs to select which is perfectly understandable thinking about the great quantity of tattoo designs you are presented, you can always ask the opinion of a fellow tattoo aficionado in tattoo web sites and from then, make a decision.


The book world seems to be a hotbed these days. First we had the line between traditional authors and indie authors, and now indie, or self published authors, are drawing lines based on where they publish. Just Amazon? Or everywhere? It seems like a business decision to me, that each author should make for themselves, but I've seen some heated and mean conversations online about it. Along with that, there's an almost frantic search for all information on book marketing and the best tips. You know, the secrets that really work. It could lead one to believe the way to make it as an author is through marketing. All this has been on my mind because you can get so focused on it that you're not writing or improving your storytelling abilities. I want to believe the writing industry is still about producing great stories, and that the best books will spread by reader word of mouth.
← To write or not to write, is that actually a question?


THREE Turbos on a PSD!?!
Well, it just had to be done. And it was a lot easier the second time around! Click HERE to see the build-up of the Twins. Much the same work and process was involved to create Stage 3, HT4B into HT3B into OEM Garrett.
I really don't know what to expect of all this. It's fun doing this stuff and I'm curious how the 4B and 3B will work together. As of this writing, I still need to road test it. We'll see!
Reworked the oil return for the twins and made a "Y".
Another look at the oil return-to-block.
Both oil returns and new 4B mount.
View form the left side. Not gonna fit under the hood with this one!
View from right side. Who needs duals?
Yup, there's 3, just count 'em.
It's tight, but I'll see what burns up to figure out if I need any more heat shield!
This entry was posted in Exhaust, Performance and tagged exhaust, Ford 7.3L Powerstroke (94-97), turbo. Bookmark the permalink. Both comments and trackbacks are currently closed.


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Election Update: Rudy Tests Positive for COVID; Where are We Now?
By Mike Huckabee Published on December 7, 2020 •
Less than five hours after Rudy Giuliani appeared with Maria Bartiromo on Sunday Morning Futures, President Trump announced via tweet that Rudy had tested positive for COVID-19. Fox News reported it Sunday afternoon.
Later that day, it was reported that he'd been admitted to Georgetown University Hospital for treatment.
Rudy has been doing a heroic job managing the legal strategy for Trump in states where election tactics and results have been highly suspect. Like all who test positive, he'll be under quarantine for 14 days after being symptom-free, so must continue his role either from the hospital or his home, as the case may be. I hope you'll keep him in your prayers.
He appeared fine in his interview with Bartiromo, who asked for his response to dismissals from the media such as The Wall Street Journal's Sunday morning headline "Trump Uses Rally for Georgia's Senate Candidates to Push Unsupported Claims of Voting Fraud." (I join in her scorn of the WSJ's unsupported use of the word "unsupported.") Rudy could only shake his head in bewilderment at that headline as Maria played footage from the State Farm Arena in Fulton County, where a skeleton crew of unsupervised ballot-counters appeared to be stuffing the Dominion machines.
"Why is it that the media continues to report that there's unsupported evidence here," she asked, "when every day, you're out talking about these situations?"
"Maria, I wish I knew the answer to that," he replied. "Part of it is bias, part of it is corruption, part of it's laziness, part of it is just inexplicable. How you can say it's unsupported, when there are now tape after tape after tape…"
(It should be noted that the chief investigator for the Georgia Secretary of State told the factchecking site LeadStories.com that the video shows nothing unusual: that the workers who left were just "cutters" whose job is open the envelopes and they were finished, and that those weren't suitcases but standard containers for ballots. She also claims nobody was told to leave and the people on the tape were just scanners doing their job. Duly noted.)
Witnesses Observed Fraud, Media Observers Radio Silence
However, Guiliani went on to say there are ONE THOUSAND affidavits from people who personally observed fraudulent acts. "This is a massive fraud, all throughout the country," he said.
He's looking to state legislatures to act; Bartiromo asked about the possible role of the Supreme Court. (Justice Sam Alito's involvement in Pennsylvania has seemed to us to be a positive sign that SCOTUS might hear a case.) Giuliani said the Pennsylvania case "probably is a week away" from being ready to argue, and he believes it is "a very good case."
He told Maria that state legislatures have authority to change state electors if this action is based on "substantial reasons of corruption, irregularities — in each case, each one of these legislatures has more than enough of that to sustain a Supreme Court challenge."
"We're getting heard in the state legislatures," he said, "and once they make a decision, we'll get heard in the Supreme Court."
"We're not getting heard in the public," he added, "except for occasional shows like yours and a few others, a few interviews that we do, and social media." (I would add that social media has actually made the sharing of information quite challenging, and also that we proudly place ourselves within the small circle of outlets trying to inform people.)
Giuliani said the FBI had not questioned the people who were shown working unsupervised at State Farm Arena. "Not that I know of," he said. And it wasn't just the counting, he alleged. "They were involved in two or three other acts of voter fraud."
"And the FBI is nowhere to be found."
John Ratcliffe, Director of National Intelligence, has expressed similar concerns and calls for more transparency from the FBI.
Dershowitz and the Supreme Court
Alan Dershowitz, appearing later in the show, agreed that there is "probable cause" for further investigation. He said Giuliani has made "very serious allegations." The big question is which institution is designed, constitutionally, to look into these allegations: state legislatures? the courts? Dershowitz proposes the creation of a "vote integrity panel" or "VIP," consisting of former justices and judges, "neutral and nonpartisan," that would look at all election-related complaints before, during and after the vote.
Not to shoot down an idea, but I do see potential problems, starting with the name "VIP, Voter Integrity Panel." There already exists a group called "VIP," the Voter Integrity Project, sponsored by the Thomas More Society; we've quoted from it here. Still, that's a relatively small problem compared with the most challenging one: keeping such a panel truly nonpartisan. But at least someone's thinking about possible solutions going forward.
Dershowitz agreed that Giuliani has been presenting evidence — repeat, for The Wall Street Journal, EVIDENCE — that now should be subject to cross-examination and other testimony.
He said Justice Alito's actions suggest that the Supreme Court would likely rule Pennsylvania acted unconstitutionally in expanding the "window" so that ballots arriving after Election Day were counted.
(Since I'm not a legal expert, here is a different take on the possible reasons for Alito's timing of his deadline.)
Dershowitz predicted that if the SCOTUS decided to take the case, it would rule that Pennsylvania acted illegally in changing voting laws without legislative action. This would cancel out all votes in Pennsylvania that were received after the close of Election Day.
He also said the constitutional question of whether state legislatures can choose electors after Election Day — the Constitution gives them that responsibility before —has not been answered. The way he explained it, if a state legislature decides fraud and/or error has occurred to a level that they must choose new electors, then it becomes "the key constitutional question" for the Supreme Court as to whether the legislature can do this. So that adds another level of complication.
The Disaster of Mass Mail-In Voting
One thing we know: we've got to abolish or severely limit mail-in voting. There were 100 million mail-in ballots in this election! Ken Starr reminds us that in the year 2000, Jimmy Carter and James Baker's bipartisan commission warned of the huge potential for fraud posed by mail-in voting. In 2008, even Barack Obama agreed that mail-in ballots shouldn't be counted unless they had verified signatures.
But in Starr's words, "we're running out of time" with this election because December 14 is the date set for the Electoral College to meet. "It's going to take extraordinary action by legislatures and so forth."
On the other hand, there may be more time than that, as the Constitution itself sets just one date, and that is Inauguration Day, January 20. Some legal analysts say the rest of the timetable isn't necessarily firm .
Starr points to the allegations of especially egregious potential fraud in Georgia, and in Wisconsin with the use of unmanned dropboxes in violation of state law. We recently reported these were funded by the Center for Tech and Civic Life, meaning Mark Zuckerberg.
Again, we'll be praying for Rudy Giuliani to stay healthy and active. At the same time, we know the election challenges are in excellent hands with lead GOP attorney Jenna Ellis. On a related note, we also share Michael Flynn's hopes for the independent legal efforts of Sidney Powell, whom he calls "America's guardian angel of justice."
Soros and Smartmatic
Addendum: Speaking of Sidney Powell, we're eager to see the case she makes against Dominion Voting Systems and how it plays out. In the meantime, we don't quite know what to make of this announcement Friday that involves Smartmatic, the firm that makes software used in Dominion machines, but we think you might be very interested. No accusations yet, just eyebrows raised at more evidence of the George Soros connection.
Mike Huckabee is the former governor of Arkansas and longtime conservative commentator on issues in culture and current events. A New York Times best-selling author, he hosts the weekly talk show Huckabee on TBN.
17 States Back Texas Suit Against Pa., Georgia, Michigan and Wisconsin for Unconstitutionally Changing Election Procedures
Al Perrotta
All I Want for Christmas is a Fair Election Count
Six Signs an Election's Been Stolen
JK Rowling vs. Harry Potter Stars and the Supreme Court


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After trees came down, fewer motorists crashing, dying on I-385, report shows
COLUMBIA — Fewer motorists are crashing into trees and dying along a stretch of Interstate 385 in Laurens County sinc...
After trees came down, fewer motorists crashing, dying on I-385, report shows COLUMBIA — Fewer motorists are crashing into trees and dying along a stretch of Interstate 385 in Laurens County sinc... Check out this story on greenvilleonline.com: http://grnol.co/1bT0NFe
Columbia bureau; Published 12:09 p.m. ET Dec. 19, 2013
Fewer motorists are crashing into trees and dying along a stretch of Interstate 385 in Laurens County since several trees were removed during a widening project in 2010, according to data from the South Carolina Department of Transportation. (Photo: Staff / file )Buy Photo
COLUMBIA — Fewer motorists are crashing into trees and dying along a stretch of Interstate 385 in Laurens County since several trees were removed during a widening project in 2010, according to data from the South Carolina Department of Transportation.
As a part of the project, the clear zone was increased to meet the current national guidance. A clear zone is the unobstructed area beyond the edge of the traveled way that allows a driver to stop safely or regain control of a vehicle that leaves the traveled way. Clear zone values are based on many factors including: vehicle speeds, vehicle volume, and crash data. As a result, trees up to approximately 50 feet from the edge of pavement were removed.
In a 5-year span before the I-385 improvement project, there was an average of 12.4 crashes involving trees per year, according to DOT. In nearly 3 years since the project's completion, that number has reduced to 3.1 crashes involving trees per year, the agency said.
In addition, there were 6 fatalities during the 5-year period before the improvement project, or an average of 1.2 per year, on this section of I-385 — and all of which involved trees. There were no fatalities in a nearly 3-year period of study after the project's completion, according to DOT.
Injuries from tree crashes have decreased 65 percent, from an average of 4 per year to 1.4 per year, the agency said.
Overall, including all types of crashes, there have been 22 percent fewer crashes per year since the I-385 improvement project, according to DOT.
"The data clearly show a significant increase in safety, which is our main goal at SCDOT," said Tony Sheppard, director of traffic engineering. "From six deaths in tree-related crashes to zero during the study period is a dramatic improvement."
The major work of the I-385 project consisted of pavement removal and reconstruction of 15 miles of I-385 from the interchange at I-26 to the just south of (Exit 16) State 101 interchange. Additional safety enhancements included a new 10 foot outside paved shoulder a 4-foot paved inside shoulder and 57,350 feet of new guard rail was also added throughout the project.
Read or Share this story: http://grnol.co/1bT0NFe


Generally speaking, when it comes to syncing iBooks between iPhone and iPad, there are two ways to do it; one is to use iCloud Drive to sync iBooks across all your Apple devices, the other it to use an iOS data transfer tool to transfer iBooks between devices. This article covers these two tips on how to sync iBooks, including PDF files and audiobooks, from iPad to iPhone or from iPhone to iPad via iCloud Drive or EaseUS MobiMover Free. Read on to get more details.
With the help of iCloud Drive, you can keep your books synced across your devices. Here are the detailed steps to sync iBooks from iPad to iPhone or from iPhone to iPad with simple setups.
Convenient as it is, using iCloud Drive to sync iBooks between iPhone and iPad is not without problems. The iBooks not syncing between Mac and iPhone issue and the iBooks not syncing between iPhone and iPad problem are frequently reported by users. That's when you need to find an alternative way to sync iBooks between iOS devices. The free alternative way is introduced in Part 2.
Step 1: Sign in to your iPhone and iPad with the same Apple ID.
Step 2: On your iPhone and iPad, go to the Settings App, and choose [your name] > iCloud.
Step 3: Turn on iCloud Drive and make sure iBooks is enabled.
By following the simple steps above, you will sync iBooks between your iPhone and iPad. If you also want to sync iBooks between Mac and iPhone/iPad, read the related article for reference.
Using the Settings App is not the only way to transfer iBooks from iPad to iPhone, with a FREE iOS data transfer tool like EaseUS MobiMover Free, you can share content between your devices without using iCloud or under no network connections on your iDevices.
As you will know, EaseUS MobiMover Free is a free tool for iOS data transfer and file management, which means you can transfer files from computer (Mac or PC) to iPhone/iPad, from iPhone/iPad to computer, from one iOS device to another and manage your iDevice content by deleting, editing or adding items from computer at no cost.
No matter you want to transfer the PDF files or audiobooks in iBooks from iPad to iPhone/iPhone to iPad, you can easily get things done with the help of MobiMover. In addition to books, there are other files types that are supported by MobiMover. If you need to, you can transfer photos from iPhone to iPhone, save iPhone text messages to computer, or transfer contacts from PC to iPhone. Now, follow the steps below to have a try.


This quote by Donald E. Knuth is probably the best known about software optimization. And believe me, it's generally a very good thing. What you don't want when you are starting to write your big program is to worry about detailed optimization.
Here are some examples of things you really do not care about at the moment.
When I read my configuration using my pretty reflection-based parser, should I keep a cache of the Class objects in order to have fewer calls to the Reflection API ?
Optimization takes time. Lots of time. Each hour that you spend optimizing is time during which you won't be writing new features, fixing bugs, and generally speaking, making your product better.
Optimization introduces bugs. Generally speaking, code that has gone through micro-optimization passes is more complex, less readable than "simple" code. Furthermore, it will often replace some already existing code, code that you knew were correct. Changing it to something new is a risk.
So, micro-optimization is a risk and a cost. You are only willing to take that risk and spend that time if there is really something to win. And to be sure that there is, you need some proof, some numbers. You need to profile your application. That will be one of the very first topics we'll cover.
However, there is an area where you must think about optimization and performance in the very first steps, and it's when you design your project. The first requirement is that you must decide on the performance requirements for your program. How many users ? How many stuffs per second ? How many foobar per file ? What maximum answer time ? Think about the future, think about the lifetime of your program. What will happen when your traffic will increase ten-fold ? Micro-optimization will never give you that, you must have thought about it at the beginning.
Changing any of these a few monthes after the initial design phase would be extremely costly, because you basically need to redesign most of the software.
On the other hand, trying to achieve "infinite" scalability on all aspects on your software is almost guaranteed to fail. You would waste huge amounts of time and hardware on non-use cases. You do want your super new Web 2.0 website to scale with the number of users, but do you really need to build some scalability for the number of supported languages ? There are only a few hundreds in the world, and that's not going to change soon.
Another dangerous mistake is to under-estimate the dangers of trying to scale. When you have a piece of software which works correctly for a size N, there's actually very little chance that it will work for size 10N. Even if just multiplying the figures seems to indicate that everything will be OK, you are quite sure to run into unforeseen troubles. Maybe you'll hit some 32-bits limits. Maybe your structures that did fit in RAM don't fit anymore and you performance is going to decrease severely. Maybe your critical section that worked so nicely will suddendly start being contended and will slow down. Software is full of non-linearities.
This also implies that if you test your software with 10% of the estimated total size of your data, it will not work correctly. Maybe you will only consume 5% of the resources and think that everything will be OK and that you still have some margin, but chances are that it's not true.
Don't micro-optimize, especially at the beginning. Don't dig in the internals of the code and line-by-line optimizations to look for performance. If you're already at this level, then you've probably already lost, because you can't get much back from doing this.
Think hard about the figures as soon as you start your project. Make your choices of where you want scalability, and where you are sure that it doesn't matter and will never matter.
And, as much as possible, test your software on "real" size data. Testing on 10% of the target size is not going to work.
This entry was posted on March 17, 2010 at 9:36 pm and is filed under General.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


Abstract: Complexity is important in the course of evolution, but consensus of what complexity analysis entails is elusive. In this study, multivariate complexity is measured and analyzed in terms of magnitude of change and the trends behind those changes. Multivariate morphological and functional complexities were analyzed using 3D surface models of centric diatom genera from the Eocene to Oligocene, a transitional time when temperatures cooled, sea levels rose, and glaciation increased. Diatoms were chosen for study because of their importance in biostratigraphy, biogeochemical cycling, productivity, food web dynamics, and sensitivity to environmental conditions. Probabilistic analysis using aMarkov chain indicated an increase in total complexity across the Eocene–Oligocene transition (EOT). Causal inference via structural equation modeling indicated weakly driven functional and morphological complexity trends over the EOT.Morphological and functional complexity trends differed with respect to predation resistance as responses to ecological complexity as environmental and climate change occurred across the EOT. Macroevolutionary patterns of morphological and functional complexity with respect to ecological complexity did not necessarily coincide over time.


The Hauts-de-France Triathlon League and the clubs of the region are happy to invite you to the 8th edition of the Chtriman, that will take place on the 29th and the 30th of June 2019, in the wonderful Gravelines Water PAark (named after the Aa river).
In addition to these two main races, other competitions with smaller race formats will take place, allowing triathletes of all ages and levels to compete, which makes our event the perfect opportunity for clubs gathering.
The spirit of the event remains the same : a cheerful, friendly atmosphere, a safe environment and a reasonable entry price to offer an affordable experience to our athletes.
Swim : 1 lap of 1.2 miles (Chtriman 113) or 2.4 miles (Chtriman 226), in drinking water and on a perfectly safe course.
Bike : 2 or 4 laps of 28 miles going up Watten (a 1km climb with the Watten Mill in the background).
Run : 2 or 4 laps of 6,5 miles, looking towards the North Sea, with a new climb which will enable the racers to overlook the whole site for a mile.


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The Unlikely Origins of Six Famous Car Companies
By The Zebra August 14, 2018
Car companies' logos are among the most widely recognized branding materials in the world. The automotive industry benefits frombrand-loyalconsumers who go out of their way to repurchase vehicles from one brand exclusively. This loyalty is magnified as social media and digital marketing allow consumers more exposure to their favorite brands and promote interaction with car companies.
As a result, car sales have grown considerably in the last two decades. In 1990, less than 40 million vehicles were sold. Today, Statistapredicts some 81.6 million vehicles will be sold by the end of 2018. Though brand equity plays an important role in the success of car companies, most consumers don't know thehistory behind their favorite companies. You might be surprised by the humble origins of many of today's most popular car brands.
We've collected the stories behind some of the world's biggest automotive brands. Many of these brands emerged from companies that had no idea they would eventually be selling automobiles on a global scale. Each of these companies started with innovative ideas, thecourage of entrepreneurs,and a vision of what the future could be.
From Italy in the 1800s to England's post-war recovery efforts, many car companies have rich origin stories. Some companies started out manufacturing products not even related to the automotive industry; others began as an answer to wartime needs. All began with the ideas of entrepreneurs whosecreativityandhard workpaved the way for future innovation.
Each of these companies has stood the test of time and grown stronger over the years. Today, these companies generatebillionsof dollars a year in revenue and produce products branded with some of the most recognizable logos in the world. For car companies,brand loyaltycan be the difference between success and failure.
No matter if you prefer Mazdas or Jeeps, the most important feature of any car is safety. If you're in the market for a new car, check safety ratings and consumer reviews, and always make sure your car is insured.
Fiat | Aston Martin | Mazda | Jeep | Mini Cooper | Lamborghini | Toyota | Statista
How Much Do Americans Know About Their Cars?
How to Transport Plants in Your Car


Some items may also be available in 5lb spools.
Kester 44 Rosin Flux is an activated rosin formula for use in flux-cored solder wire. 44 has virtually dominated the field of activated rosin core solders for well over four decades. An outstanding performance feature of this flux is the "instant-action" wetting behavior. The high mobility and fast-spreading action of this flux results in more reliable production line soldering. 44 is classified as ROM1 per J-STD-004.
Kester 48 Activated Rosin Flux for cored solder wire was developed for lead-free applications to enable soldering of most common metals. 48 has performance characteristics far exceeding standard RA fluxes. 48 builds on the performance of its predecessor Kester 44 with "instant-action" wetting to provide fast and reliable solder joints. 48 is classified as ROM1 per J-STD-004.
Kester 285 Mildly Activated Rosin Flux is classified as Type ROL0 flux under IPC J-STD-004. This flux was formerly classified as Type RMA per QQ-S-571. 285 consists of high quality, purified rosin to which a synergistic combination of activating agents has been incorporated. The fluxing ability of 285 is much greater than ordinary mildly activated rosin fluxes and is comparable to fully activated rosin fluxes. 285 has been developed for use in the electronic industry where difficult assemblies are to be soldered, but process requirements stipulate use of a mildly activated rosin flux.
Kester 331 Organic Flux is a water-soluble formula for use in flux-cored solder wire. This cored solder version of the popular 2331-ZX Neutral Organic Water Soluble Liquid Flux is more effective than rosin fluxes in soldering difficult metals. The same fast action and mild properties are exhibited with 331 Organic Flux as with the liquid 2331-ZX. The flux is more heat stable than most organic fluxes, resulting in minimal smoke and odor. The residue can be completely removed with a simple heated water rinse. Deionized water is suggested to prevent introduction of chemistries from unknown water sources. 331 is classified as ORH1 per J-STD-004.
Kester 275 No-Clean Flux for cored solder wire was developed to provide superior wetting performance for hand soldering in the electronics industry. The chemistry is based on some of the same principles that have been safely used for years in mildly activated rosin fluxes. The use of 275 No-Clean Flux results in an extremely clear post-soldering residue without cleaning. The unique chemistry in 275 was also designed to reduce spattering common to most core fluxes. 275 can be used for both lead bearing and lead-free soldering. 275 is classified as ROL0 per J-STD-004.
For soldering applications that require maximum reliability of solder joints, especially for surface mounted components, only solder of the highest purity is acceptable. Only the highest virgin metals are used to make Kester leaded and lead-free solid core wire. Complete analysis of Kester Solder Wire prove that every batch conforms to the strictest quality control standards in the solder industry. Kester leaded and lead-free solid core solder wire meets IPC J-STD-006C. Kester solder wire purchased directly or through Kester stocking distributors will conform to these requirements.
97% Sn / 2% Cu / 0.8% Sb / 0.2% Ag.
On July 1, 2006 the European Union Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE) and Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (RoHS) came into effect prohibiting the intentional addition of lead to most consumer electronics produced in the EU. California recently adopted a RoHS law and China has a version as well. Manufacturers in the U.S. may receive tax benefits by reducing the use of lead-based solder.
Lead-free solders in commercial use may contain tin, copper, silver, bismuth, indium, zinc, antimony, and traces of other metals, including lead itself.
The maximum permitted concentrations are 0.1% or 1000 ppm by weight of homogeneous material.