The Institute of Modern Russia continues the discussion on the issues of Russian constitutionalism. Political scientist Vladimir Pastukhov explains why Russia's unitary structure leaves it an autocratic empire, and why a federation would permit it to become a nation-state with functioning authority.
You can read Vladimir Pastukhov's previous essay ("Constitutionalism vs. the Russian Matrix") here.
I suppose that to many people, both in Russia and elsewhere, the dilemma posed in this article's title might seem invented, inappropriate, or improperly formulated. Nonetheless, I maintain that autocracy vs. federation is the key issue on which the future of Russian constitutionalism depends. Russia's ability to create a nation-state hinges on its ability to create a viable federation. I also think that to reject federalism (and both the authorities and a significant segment of the opposition tend to reject it, openly or secretly, with surprising unanimity) is to doom Russia to endless laps within a closed political circle, in which any move toward democratization and liberalization will ultimately result in the reestablishment of autocracy (each time, of course, in a new and for a while unrecognizable form).
To paraphrase the classics of Marxism, we can say that while all the previous Russian constitutions put a new face on the empire, the real task of Russian constitutionalism consists in putting an end to empire once and for all. Today for some inexplicable reason the insignificant and insubstantial issue of the preferred form of government for Russia—a presidential or a parliamentary republic—has taken center stage in constitutional discussions. This is a false dilemma, and paying too much attention to it only slows constructive constitutional discussion. The discussion should be centered on an entirely different dilemma—that of unitary state or federation.
To choose a unitary state will mean opting in favor of empire, whereas choosing a federation will open the way for the possibility of creating a nation-state.
Authentic federalism has nothing in common with Soviet federalism, nor with its post-communist sublimate. In general, the political realities of Russia past or present have anything to do with federalism. Russian federalism remains to be created. Not only has it never existed in practice; a theoretical model for it has never been developed. Developing one is not a task for the near future, but rather a longer-term goal that will give direction to the movement of constitutional reform in Russia. I doubt this goal can be attained in one "constitutional sitting." Therefore we must resign ourselves to the reality that the forthcoming constitutional reform in Russia is a long-range and multi-stage project, in which there are both immediate tasks and longer-term goals. They are interrelated but not interchangeable, and it is important not to confuse the former with the latter.
At the root of the problem of Russian constitutional reform is the fact that a nation-state has never existed in Russia and still does not exist—just as to this day, a Russian nation has not existed.
There is a Russian people, which has historically united around itself, through an imperial government, dozens (if not hundreds) of other peoples and ethnic groups, but this Babylonian aggregation of ethnicities gathered under one state's roof has never become a nation. Strange as it may seem, the closest anyone has come to solving Russia's National Question (in the strict sense of the term) was when the Bolsheviks constructed a "single community—the Soviet people." But this ambitious and utterly misguided project failed in 1991. And to this day, the Russian post-communist state remains a fragment of the Soviet empire, which in turn was an edited version of the Tsarist Russian Empire.
The worst of it is that nowhere except in rose-colored pseudo-liberal dreams is it possible to overcome in one leap the enormous distance that separates empire from nation-state in Russia. There is no constitutional magic wand with which it would be possible to create in a flash a Russian nation and a Russian nation-state. And that means that, as opposed to Europe or America, where nations were formed to a considerable degree in the depths of feudalism (the proverbial "third estate") and preceded the constitutional order, in Russia it is necessary to first create the constitutional prerequisites for the nation's formation, and then wait a rather long time for it to take shape, and only then finally nail down the birth of the nation-state constitutionally.
It is understandable that all this takes time, and a lot of time, even by historical standards. Unlike God's act of creation, everything people undertake themselves, especially in Russia, is a process. Filmmaker Andrey Konchalovsky likes to recall Chekhov's observation that between the statements "There is a God" and "There is no God," there is a huge space of spiritual and mental work that the average Russian cannot bridge. In the same way, between the statements "there is no constitution" and "there is a constitution," there lies an equally large expanse of indeterminacy that will require several post-Putin generations to overcome. And for the entire transition period Russia will need some kind of constitution—not an ideal one (how can it be ideal if there is as of yet neither a nation nor a nation-state?), but one sufficiently stable to set the course for social development.
It is precisely this circumstance that makes me believe a two-tiered constitutional reform in Russia is inevitable. There first needs to be an initial push, for which a "constitutional transitional period" is necessary to ensure constitutional development during the time that the consequences of the current "constitutional excess" (or the "constitutional counter-reforms," in Tamara Morshchakova's terminology) are being overcome and a nation-state is being established. Then, only much later, another constitutional reform will be required, as part of which the problem of federalization will be solved, with the final parameters of the Russian nation-state thus being fixed. This two-level process of reform is even natural, if you think about it: with the "amputation" of legal consciousness, as with the amputation of a limb, you must first put the patient into critical intensive care, and only later carry out rehabilitation and reconstruction.
Of course, such a conversation about federalism and the final parameters of the Russian constitutional project seems somewhat abstract, as if we were discussing the constitution of some utopian Russian "Sun City" that has never existed and may never exist. But it is necessary to "begin at the end," so to speak, and not with a discussion of a transitional constitution, the relevance of which is readily apparent to anyone.
The reason for this is that in Russia, movement described as "transitional" is commonly understood to be movement from nowhere to nowhere. In Russia, transitions last forever—in fact, Russia's entire political history could be described as a "transitional period." Therefore, before discussing in detail the constitutional path, we must determine its endpoint and define the parameters at which we wish to arrive. In Russia one must always start with utopia.
As a rule, everything complicated stems from something simple. Within the ever-shifting paradigm of Russia's political history, there is one constant—territory. If Russia is indeed somehow a truly a unique country, it is thanks to its size. Over the course of the last five hundred years at least, it has remained an endless empire, stretching over two continents. Even losing control over large expanses of land following the breakup of the USSR at the end of the 20th century could not significantly diminish its size. Despite the volume of writing devoted to the influence of territory, geographical location, and climatic changes on Russian history, practical conclusions are rarely drawn from it: Russia is often still measured by "someone else's yardstick," which is never applicable.
The size of Russia's territory over many centuries has influenced its political development in contradictory ways. On the one hand, the size of the country has always been a powerful stabilizing force for political power, and as a consequence, the most important condition for the preservation of sovereignty and independence of the Russian state (thanks in part, of course, to the resources that can be "dug up" on this territory). On the other hand, it was precisely the grandiosity of this space (which had to be settled and controlled), the impossibly long land and sea borders (which had to be serviced and defended), and the variety of geographical, economic, and cultural conditions (which had to be reduced to a common denominator), that served to hinder the successful evolution of the country's social and political systems, and, in part, the conversion of the empire into a nation-state. Under these conditions, any transformational impulse quickly ran out of steam and dissolved without a trace.
Unfortunately, history provides no examples of the successful transformation of such a huge country from an empire into a nation-state (for many reasons, the U.S. cannot serve as a model for Russia, although this does not exclude the borrowing of some ideas and mechanisms). Therefore it is extremely hard for Russia to learn from someone else's experiences. It must build its own nation-state on almost virgin ground.
The scale of the task appears so frightful that, psychologically, it is easier to decide there is no solution. And that's what has happened, resulting in two mutually exclusive conclusions.
In one camp, there are people, and not just a few, who conclude that Russia is an "eternal empire," and cannot and should not be anything else (in other words, they absolutely reject the possibility of Russia's constitutional development). In the other, there are many people who, privately (because it is inappropriate to speak of it openly), are ready to accept the possibility of dividing Russia into several independent states, each of which will solve the issue of building its own nation-state independently.
It seems to me that, notwithstanding the scale of the challenges that arise in the process of constitutional development in a country stretching across one-seventh of the earth's dry land, the priority in this process remains the preservation of Russia as a unified state within its present borders.
Leaving aside rhetorical and patriotic motives, I believe that the idea of dividing Russia is counterproductive for a whole series of reasons.
Unfortunately, history provides no examples of the successful transformation of such a huge country from an empire into a nation-state (for many reasons, the U.S. cannot serve as a model for Russia, although this does not exclude the borrowing of some ideas and mechanisms).
In such a division, Russia would lose those advantages that flow from its current geopolitical position and thanks to which it historically developed as a relatively separate civilization. Moreover, the Russian people would become one of the largest "divided peoples" in the world, inevitably leading to humanitarian issues, which, in turn, would give rise to political issues. It is nearly impossible to imagine the peaceful coexistence of several Russian states within the former empire.
In a country as huge as Russia, the development of effective managerial chains is a difficult task to carry out. If Switzerland were the size of Russia, then Swiss watches would run slowly, not to mention the work of officials. But the size of the territory is only part of the problem. Varying conditions within the country pose an equally complicated situation. Russia is unevenly developed: thickly populated regions alternate with vast and virtually uninhabited spaces poorly suited to human habitation. Given its size and such a variety of conditions, any managerial mechanism is doomed to work badly as a consequence of constant delays, sudden changes in trajectory, and long gaps in communication. If we add to this the traditional inability of the Russian bureaucracy to work according to clearly established norms, then the question cannot help but arise: how could Russian statehood even come into being and exist for several centuries?
The answer is well known: over-centralization. We are talking not only about the centralization of power, as demonstrated in the histories of other peoples, but also about its concentration in literally one point, practically in one person—in other words, autocracy. Russian autocracy is not a fluke of evolution, not a failure of a political program, but rather Russia's evolutionary answer to the historical challenges thrown at it by natural and cultural conditions.
It's worth noting that the formation of Russian autocracy paralleled at all times the development of its colonial empire and the growth of its territory. This is one reason autocracy became a recurrent quality of Russian statehood, morphing from one historical system into another: from Tsarist into imperial; from imperial into Soviet; and from Soviet into post-communist. Unsurprising given that the basic factors—the vast size of Russia's territory and its varying conditions—have remained the same.
Since time immemorial, excessive centralization of power has been considered one of the main defects of Russia's system of government. Accordingly, since time immemorial there has existed the opposition (reformist) mantra of "decentralization." Every self-respecting Russian reformer begins with a proposal to carry out the expeditious decentralization of Russian power and to inject self-government into it. However, history shows that the long-term result of all reforms carried out in Russia has only been greater centralization of power than before. At most, reformers sometimes succeeded in making the centralization hidden (or latent), concealing it behind the fence of another decentralized "Potemkin village." Government power in these cases was realized through a "two-channel" system of formal and informal institutions. The independence of the Soviet republics (and krays, oblasts, and so on) was more than compensated for by rigid party control. And the freedom of the post-communist "subjects of the Federation" is strictly limited by the centralized, arbitrarily interpreted (in essence criminal and forceful) control over government power.
Russian autocracy is not a fluke of evolution, not a failure of a political program, but rather Russia's evolutionary answer to the historical challenges thrown at it by natural and cultural conditions.
Several years ago, a group of constitutionalist scholars published a manifesto in Russia, calling autocracy the main defect of the current Russian constitution. The problem is that they avoided identifying the deeper reasons for the appearance of this defect, blaming it instead on the influence of temporary factors (the striving to usurp power on the part of the first Russian president and his successor). One can endlessly scrape away the autocracy from the surface of Russian political life, but it will appear there again and again, like yellow salt on the surface of one's boots after a walk about Moscow in winter. Getting rid of the autocracy is possible only by eliminating the underlying factors responsible for its existence in Russia. We must understand and admit that autocracy is deeply embedded in the unitary structure of Russia and ineluctably flows from the necessity to more or less effectively control the country's huge area.
So long as Russian government remains "flat" (that is, single-level and unitary) it will be autocratic, no matter who comes to power in the country. In order to break free of this closed circle, the government must become "three-dimensional" (multi-level, composite).
Such a change can be achieved only with the aid of federalism, the true sense and intended purpose of which unfortunately remain virtually inconceivable in Russia.


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A: Put a slice of bread on each side, and call him "lunch"
A: Depends on the size of the elephants.
A: Its bike is outside.
A: There is a dent in the bar.
A: He has a big 'E' on his pajama pocket.
Tim Conway displays his pure comic genius as he tells his Elephant Story on the Carol Burnett Show and absolutely wrecks his fellow cast mates' ability to keep a straight face. The show was filmed live and the actors were always trying to make each other laugh which is something Tim Conway excelled at doing.
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Violence of British empire in focus on Baillie Gifford longlist
Sarah Shaffi
Thursday, 22 Sep 2022
# Autobiography and memoir
# Awards and prizes
# Baillie Gifford prize for nonfiction
# Biography books
# British empire
# History books
# Society books
Legacy of Violence: A History of the British Empire by Caroline Elkins among potential winners of £50,000 nonfiction prize
Books about the history of the British empire and the abolition of the monarchy have been longlisted for the Baillie Gifford prize for nonfiction.
The announcement of the longlist for the £50,000 prize was originally due to take place on 13 September, but was delayed due to the death of Queen Elizabeth II.
Among the 12 books on this year's longlist are Legacy of Violence: A History of the British Empire by Caroline Elkins, which examines the empire's use of violence in the 20th century. It was described by Tim Adams in the Observer as a "formidable piece of research that sets itself the ambition of identifying the character of British power over the course of two centuries and four continents".
Also making the list is Anna Keay's The Restless Republic: Britain Without a Crown, which chronicles the decade after 1649, when King Charles I was executed for treason, the English monarchy abolished and the House of Lords discarded.
Four first-time authors have made the longlist: Andrea Elliott, Thomas Halliday, Sally Hayden and Matt Rowland Hill.
Elliott's book Invisible Child: Poverty, Survival & Hope in an American City, which won the 2022 Pulitzer prize for nonfiction, is based on nearly a decade of reporting and follows the life of Dasani Coates, who lives in a homeless shelter with her family and who comes of age as New York City's homelessness crisis is exploding.
The books in the Baillie Gifford prize for nonfiction longlist. Photograph: The Baillie Gifford Prize
Otherlands: A World in the Making by Halliday, who is a palaeobiologist, is a look at ancient landscapes across all seven continents.
Journalist Hayden's My Fourth Time, We Drowned won the Orwell prize for political nonfiction, and is an investigation into the migrant crisis across north Africa and into Europe which centres the experience and testimony of refugees.
Hill's Original Sins is a memoir about his time growing up in an evangelical Christian church and his drug and alcohol addiction following his loss of faith. Anthony Cummins in the Guardian called the author "a blazing talent whose next move isn't obvious".
The longlist includes one book in translation, The Barefoot Woman by French Rwandan writer Scholastique Mukasonga, translated by Jordan Stump. It is about the author's early years in exile and her family's massacre in the Rwandan genocide, and was described by Lucy Popescu in the Observer as a "tender paean to motherhood and community".
Legacy of Violence by Caroline Elkins (Vintage)
Invisible Child by Andrea Elliott (Cornerstone)
The Escape Artist by Jonathan Freedland (John Murray)
Otherlands by Thomas Halliday (Allen Lane)
Dinner With Joseph Johnson by Daisy Hay (Vintage)
My Fourth Time, We Drowned by Sally Hayden (4th Estate)
Original Sins by Matt Rowland Hill (Vintage)
The Restless Republic by Anna Keay (William Collins)
A Fortunate Woman by Polly Morland (Picador)
The Barefoot Woman by Scholastique Mukasonga, translated by Jordan Stump (Daunt)
Super-Infinite by Katherine Rundell (Faber)
Kingdom of Characters by Jing Tsu (Allen Lane)
Three books about literature feature on the longlist. Super-Infinite: The Transformations of John Donne by Katherine Rundell is about the myriad lives of the poet Donne, while A Fortunate Woman: A Country Doctor's Story by Polly Morland is about the author's discovery of the book A Fortunate Man by Booker prize winner John Berger. Daisy Hay's biography of Joseph Johnson, Dinner With Joseph Johnson: Books and Friendship in a Revolutionary Age, explores the bookseller and publisher's weekly meetings with a number of writers.
Completing the lineup is Kingdom of Characters by Jing Tsu, which charts China's mission to make the Chinese language accessible to a globalised, digital world, and Guardian columnist Jonathan Freedland's book about Rudolf Vrba, The Escape Artist. Vrba and fellow inmate Fred Wetzler were the first Jews ever to break out of Auschwitz.
Chair of judges Caroline Sanderson said the longlist "shows off nonfiction in all its splendid breadth, depth and scope; from outstanding reportage, and compelling memoir to illuminating history books and mind-expanding popular science".
Sanderson was joined on the judging panel, which selected its longlist from 362 books, by writer and science journalist, Laura Spinney; critic and writer for the Observer, Rachel Cooke; BBC journalist and presenter, Clive Myrie; author and New Yorker writer, Samanth Subramanian; and critic and broadcaster Georgina Godwin.
The shortlist of six books will be announced on 10 October at Cheltenham Literature festival, and the winner will be announced on 17 November at the Science Museum.
Last year's winner was Patrick Radden Keefe for his investigation of the Sackler family, Empire of Pain.
To explore all the books on the Baillie Gifford prize 2022 longlist visit guardianbookshop.com. Delivery charges may apply.
Sarah Shaffi is a freelance journalist and editor
Baillie Gifford prize reveals 'outstanding storytelling' on 2021 shortlist
With subjects ranging from postwar Germany to the fall of Robert Maxwell and the Sackler family, judges praise 'exciting and invigorating' finalists
Baillie Gifford winner David France on his Aids memoir: 'None of us thought we'd get out alive'
They took on bigoted politicians and ineffective scientists to triumph over a terrifying epidemic. The author of How to Survive a Plague remembers the spirit – and the stunts – that turned despair into hope
Dara McAnulty becomes youngest ever finalist for Baillie Gifford prize
Diary of a Young Naturalist, the 16-year-old's debut, joins 12 other books in contention for prestigious £50,000 nonfiction award
10, Sep, 2020 @8:04 AM
Women's untold stories dominate Baillie Gifford prize shortlist
A study of Jack the Ripper's victims and an investigation into an unfinished work by Harper Lee are among six books up for the £50,000 nonfiction prize
Britain's imperial legacy in spotlight of Baillie Gifford non-fiction prize
Longlist for 2021 prize includes Empireland by Sathnam Sanghera and Alex Renton's Blood Legacy alongside 11 other titles
09, Sep, 2021 @11:00 AM
Nobel laureate Svetlana Alexievich heads longlist for UK's top nonfiction award
The £30,000 Baillie Gifford prize sets Belarusian author among diverse contenders, ranging from a memoir of living as an animal to a history of genetics
20, Sep, 2016 @11:01 PM
Baillie Gifford prize won by Jack the Ripper study 'reclaiming victims' voices'
Hallie Rubenhold lands £50,000 award for The Five, a history that challenges assumption that the women were all sex workers
19, Nov, 2019 @10:15 PM
First-hand reporting dominates Baillie Gifford shortlist
Non-fiction prize judges select books by Svetlana Alexievich, Margo Jefferson, Philippe Sands and Hisham Matar
Maev Kennedy
16, Oct, 2016 @11:01 PM
Philippe Sands wins the 2016 Baillie Gifford prize for nonfiction
Human rights lawyer given £30,000 award – formerly known as Samuel Johnson prize – for his history of crimes against humanity, East West Street
Alison Flood and Sian Cain
Beatles biography One Two Three Four wins Baillie Gifford prize
Craig Brown wins prestigious award for nonfiction with book that judges say 'has reinvented the art of biography'

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Kentucky determines that a parent cannot sign away a child's right to sue.
Posted: July 22, 2019 | Author: Recreation Law | Filed under: Indoor Recreation Center, Kentucky, Release (pre-injury contract not to sue) | Tags: House of Boom, Indoor Trampoline Park, Kentucky, Kentucky Supreme Court, Minor's right to sue, parent, Parents right to waive minor's right to sue, Release, Trampoline, Trampoline Park, Waiver, \ |2 Comments
Courts are allowed to pick and choose the case law they relied upon and to distinguish or ignore the case law the court does not like. In this case, the Kentucky Supreme Court ignored law it did not like or simply found a way around the case law it did not want to agree with.
Citation: E.M. v. House of Boom Ky., LLC (In re Miller), 2019 Ky. LEXIS 211, 2019 WL 2462697
State: Kentucky, Supreme Court of Kentucky
Plaintiff: Kathy Miller, as Next Friend of Her Minor Child, E.M.
Defendant: House of Boom Kentucky, LLC
Plaintiff Claims: negligence
Defendant Defenses: release
Holding: for the plaintiff
Kentucky Supreme Court rules that a parent cannot sign away a minor's right to sue.
House of Boom, LLC ("House of Boom") is a for-profit trampoline park located in Louisville, Kentucky. The park is a collection of trampoline and acrobatic stunt attractions. On August 6, 2015, Kathy Miller purchased tickets for her 11-year-old daughter, E.M., and her daughter's friends to go play at House of Boom. Before purchasing the tickets, House of Boom required the purchaser to check a box indicating that the purchaser had read the waiver of liability.
Once Miller checked the box, E.M. participated in activities at House of Boom. She was injured when another girl jumped off a three-foot ledge and landed on E.M's ankle, causing it to break. Miller, as next friend of her daughter, sued House of Boom for the injury. House of Boom, relying on Miller's legal power to waive the rights of her daughter via the release, moved for summary judgment. The Western District of Kentucky concluded that House of Boom's motion for summary judgment involved a novel issue of state law and requested Certification from this Court which we granted. Both parties have briefed the issue and the matter is now ripe for Certification.
So, the plaintiff sued in Federal District Court. Because the issue of whether or not a parent could sign away a minor's right to sue had not been reviewed by the Kentucky Supreme Court, the federal district court asked the Kentucky Supreme Court to review the case. The Kentucky Supreme court did with this decision.
Analysis: making sense of the law based on these facts.
The sole question before the court was whether a parent could sign away a minor's right to sue.
The question before this Court is whether a parent has the authority to sign a pre-injury exculpatory agreement on behalf of her child, thus terminating the child's potential right to compensation for an injury occurring while participating in activities sponsored by a for-profit company.
The court in reviewing the case law from other states on this issue decided the cases had been determined in one of four categories.
House of Boom categorizes these decisions in as those that enforced the waiver and those that did not, but the decisions of those jurisdictions more accurately fall into four distinct categories: (1) jurisdictions that have enforced a waiver between a parent and a for-profit entity; (2) jurisdictions that have enforced waivers between a parent and a non-profit entity; (3) jurisdictions that have declared a waiver between a parent and a for-profit entity unenforceable; and (4) jurisdictions that have declared a waiver between a parent and a non-profit entity unenforceable.
By making this distinction in the cases to start, the court immediately eliminated much of the case law supporting the defendants. In most states, a non-profit has no different legal duty to patrons then a for profit, and none that I can find in Kentucky. However, by using these categories the court was able to place this case in the category with only one other decision that could support the defendant.
House of Boom is a for-profit trampoline park, and eleven out of twelve jurisdictions that have analyzed similar waivers between parents and for-profit entities have adhered to the common law and held such waivers to be unenforceable.
The court then justified it classifications and reasoning by stating a commercial entity had more ways to deal with the cost of the liability than a non-profit.
A commercial entity has the ability to purchase insurance and spread the cost between its customers. It also has the ability to train its employees and inspect the business for unsafe conditions.
However, none of the factors listed above are any different from the situations or requirements to do business for a non-profit operation.
The court then fell back on a legal fallacy that plaintiffs have been arguing for years.
A child has no similar ability to protect himself from the negligence of others within the confines of a commercial establishment. "If pre-injury releases were permitted for commercial establishments, the incentive to take reasonable precautions to protect the safety of minor children would be removed.
However, no cases I've read have ever stated that the injury was caused because the defendant did not have to deal with liability issues. Any breach of a duty of care that has occurred were not across the board, just spotty.
The court concluded:
Under the common law of this Commonwealth, absent special circumstances, a parent has no authority to enter into contracts on a child's behalf.
So Now What?
The plaintiff's mother purchased tickets for several kids. So, for the majority of the children, the release was void to begin with. One release was signed for multiple possible plaintiffs by someone who did not have the legal authority to sign on their behalf anyway.
The category's trick was interesting. By restricting the cases it reviewed to artificial categories the Kentucky Supreme Court eliminated several cases that supported the defendant's position. On top of that, it also then ignored cases after the initial cases it reviewed that supported the use of a release signed by a parent for a child in for-profit or commercial situations.
The Ohio Supreme Court found that a parent could sign away a minor's right to sue in a non-profit case: Zivich v. Mentor Soccer Club, Inc., 696 N.E.2d 201, 82 Ohio St.3d 367 (1998). Subsequent decisions in Ohio by the appellate courts have also upheld a release signed by the parent of the injured child: Ohio Appellate decision upholds the use of a release for a minor for a commercial activity.
By placing blinders on the case law it was looking at, it is a lot easier to ignore decisions you do not want to deal with.
It is disturbing when a court, weaves its way through case law to reach a conclusion it could have easily reached without circular path. Either the court works its way around lots of decisions or the court realized this decision was going against the general flow of law in the US on this issue and wanted to justify its decision.
Statutes and prior law in Kentucky say a parent's rights are not absolute in controlling their child and thus a parent cannot sign away their minor child's right to sue.
What do you think? Leave a comment.
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2 Comments on "Kentucky determines that a parent cannot sign away a child's right to sue."
John Fisher says:
While one may disagree with the Kentucky Supreme Court's result, I think in addition to citing the KY common law, its tying the result to the statutory requirement that post-injury settlements be approved by a court is hard to argue against. Why allow parents to compromise (release) claims of injuries before they happen – and the severity of any injury is unknown, but not allow them to settle claims post-injury – when the severity and impairment(s) are fully known? Many states require court-approval of minor injury settlements, and it seems to make sense in those states to apply that court-oversight to all minor injury claims, not just those that have already happened.
Recreation Law says:
I agree completely with your statement. I just thought the court weaved around a lot of issues to get to the answer it came to. We require court approval for post injury settlements therefore….
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Indoor Recreation Center
Jurisdiction and Venue (Forum Selection)
Minors, Youth, Children
Release (pre-injury contract not to sue)
Rivers and Waterways
Skier v. Skier
Skiing / Snow Boarding
Skydiving, Paragliding, Hang gliding
Mid Mo Design.


text:
Last Reply Jan 7
Jay McKinsey 156 posts
Ron Wagner 64 posts
Ecocharger 60 posts
NickW 57 posts
Jay McKinsey
In regard to renewable energy? Absolutely I do. That might explain why my numbers are right and your numbers are almost always wrong. I think the reason you won't post the article is becaus
notsonice
Iowa will surely catch up with Ireland ????? Irish grid primed for 75% variable generation Ireland and Northern Ireland power system is the first in the world to reach this level, says EirGrid
Robert Ziegler
How far we have gotten..... That is simple: To the end! Why? Because we exit the most unique decade in the history of the industrialized world, where de-facto negative "cost" of capital (thanks, Fed
How Far Have We Really Gotten With Alternative Energy
Ron Wagner March 15, 2022 in Oil (General)
This Eminent Scientist Says Climate Activists Need to Get Real
That I don't know, but aren't there credible pathways to decarbonizing the grid? Mark Jacobson at Stanford has said we have most of the technology we need to produce America's power renewably and keep the grid secure and stable by 2035. Or what about the example of countries like Norway or Namibia that are producing a vast majority of their energy from renewables? Check the China statistics. The country is adding, every year, gigawatts of new coal-fired power. Have you noticed that the whole world is now trying to get hands on as much natural gas as possible? This world is not yet done with fossil fuels.
Germany, after nearly half a trillion dollars, in 20 years they went from getting 84 percent of their primary energy from fossil fuels to
76 percent.5
Can you tell me how you'd go from 76 percent fossil to zero by 2030, 2035? I'm sorry, the reality is what it is.
https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/04/25/magazine/vaclav-smil-interview.html
Edited May 5, 2022 by Eyes Wide Open
12 minutes ago, RichieRich216 said:
An "empty claim" what don't you use or touch during today, yesterday, or last week that doesn't have fossil fuels as part of it.
I don't need to cut and paste an article by someone who may or may not have an. Agenda,
I'll tell you the secret, but don't youtell anyone! You learned it in school, Ready for it, Chemistry!!
No you just have your vacuous agenda driven claim not based on any research whatsoever. Everything produced with fossil fuels today can be replaced with renewables tomorrow.
Otherwise known as 99% of all scientific research on climate change.
Pure nonsense, that old canard has long since been exposed as a PR exercise. You are behind the times, Jay.
You have not produced a single study to show CO2 is a problem, whereas I cited to you the newer research.
Edited May 5, 2022 by Ecocharger
RichieRich216 + 436
Jay name one item or product that has absolutely no fossil fuel used?
1 minute ago, Ecocharger said:
I thoroughly debunked your research. Solar energy is down but temperature is way up.
Just now, Jay McKinsey said:
Where is the CO2 factor in that PR chart? There is no CO2 statistic. Get out your reading glasses, Jay.
And you misquoted that item about 99%.
1 minute ago, RichieRich216 said:
You apparently can't contemplate that I keep saying tomorrow there will be. The primary path will be renewable energy to create green hydrogen and atmospheric carbon removal to make green hydrocarbons for everything from steel to plastic to fertilizer and everything else.
'Green steel': Swedish company ships first batch made without using coal
Hybrit sends steel made with hydrogen production process to Volvo, which plans to use it in prototype vehicles and components
https://www.theguardian.com/science/2021/aug/19/green-steel-swedish-company-ships-first-batch-made-without-using-coal
3 minutes ago, Ecocharger said:
You really are thick. Debunking your claim does not require any reference to CO2. Your claim is debunked by the straightforward fact that solar energy has been decreasing while temperature has been rapidly increasing.
No, I showed you that your series is not the right one, and is out of date. Here is where that work showing "99%" came from, a climate change PR effort. The poll was conducted by the Alliance for Science, a climate change PR effort. Many climate change agitators have misquoted those studies, claiming that "99% of scientists" support the view of anthropogenic climate change, which is not the case at all. It is nowhere near that figure.
"Support for the Alliance for Science is provided by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation."
Just now, Ecocharger said:
Here is where that work came from, a climate change PR effort. The poll was conducted by the Alliance for Science, a climate change PR effort.
There was no poll involved, temperature and solar energy measurements are made by multiple devices and processes using state of the art scientific instruments such as the SOHO solar observatory satellite.
Read your own quote, it has nothing to do with "instruments". It is a random poll of scientific publications. How could you miss that? When you quote a source, you should read the source. In this "random" poll, I do not know if the new research is even included.
Jay, here is where your study comes from, the Alliance for Science. It is claimed in this article to be a public relations organization.
https://usrtk.org/our-investigations/cornell-alliance-for-science-is-campaign-for-agrichemical-industry/
Read your own quote, it has nothing to do with "instruments". It is a random poll of scientific publications. How could you miss that? When you quote a source, you should read the source.
GISTEMP is from weather stations: Graphs and tables are updated around the middle of every month using current data files from NOAA GHCN v4 (meteorological stations) and ERSST v5 (ocean areas), combined as described in our publications Hansen et al. (2010) and Lenssen et al. (2019). These updated files incorporate reports for the previous month and also late reports and corrections for earlier months. https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/
PMOD Solar Irradiance is from the SOHO solar observatory satellite:
Contemporary radiometric measurements from satellites: Recently, TSI has been measured by the Total Irradiance Monitor (TIM); two versions of this instrument have flown on the SORCE spacecraft (providing TSI measurements since 2003) and the TCTE platform (providing TSI measurements since 2013). SORCE and TCTE data are available through the University of Colorado's Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics.
A joint European Space Agency-NASA experiment known as VIRGO, which encompasses 3 instruments for TSI on the SOHO spacecraft, has provided TSI data from the mid-1990s to present.
Earlier satellite-era TSI measurements came from the ERB/HF, ACRIM, and ERBS missions. Data from these earlier missions have been combined with contemporary VIRGO measurements to form a composite satellite-era TSI record known as PMOD (named for the institute in Davos, Switzerland that produces the data), which spans 1978-present.
https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/total-solar-irradiance-tsi-datasets-overview
Edited May 5, 2022 by Jay McKinsey
I have no idea what you are babbling about. My data debunking your claim has nothing to do with that group.
No, I showed you that your series is not the right one, and is out of date.
No you made an imbecilic claim that data from the SOHO solar observatory is not used by solar scientists.
About the SOHO Mission
SOHO, the Solar & Heliospheric Observatory, is a project of international collaboration between ESA and NASA to study the Sun from its deep core to the outer corona and the solar wind.
SOHO was launched on December 2, 1995. The SOHO spacecraft was built in Europe by an industry team led by prime contractor Matra Marconi Space (now EADS Astrium) under overall management by ESA. The twelve instruments on board SOHO were provided by European and American scientists. Nine of the international instrument consortia are led by European Principal Investigators (PI's), three by PI's from the US. Large engineering teams and more than 200 co-investigators from many institutions supported the PI's in the development of the instruments and in the preparation of their operations and data analysis. NASA was responsible for the launch and is now responsible for mission operations. Large radio dishes around the world which form NASA's Deep Space Network are used for data downlink and commanding. Mission control is based at Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland.
Further information about SOHO:
SOHO Fact Sheet (PDF)
Chemistry is Chemistry; want to go back to the moon, more satilites exploring Mars? Not going to the next closest town/city?
THE article you posted regarding steel, how did it leave the plant, place on ship?
Fossil Fuels for the next 50 years, I have had this argument dating back to the 70' so look back at the 70's until May 5th, 2022, same old fight song the world is doomed in 20 years, doomed by 2010, always been just a talking point while every major industry worldwide keep raking in the cash on fossil fuels!
You are also as thick as ever. I just explained to you that green hydrogen can be converted into any green hydrocarbon.
This Green Hydrogen Plant Could Soon Fuel SpaceX Rockets
The future runs on hydrogen.
BY JENNIFER LEMAN
JIM WATSONGETTY IMAGES
Energy startup Green Hydrogen International (GHI) is planning to develop a new project based in South Texas.
The hub plans to supply billionaire Elon Musk's SpaceX with green hydrogen for the rocket company's methane-powered rocket engines.
Other uses for the abundant, colorless gas include adding it to ammonia for fertilizers and generating environmentally friendly jet fuels.
Mars evangelist and SpaceX founder Elon Musk may soon have an easier time going green.
Green Hydrogen International (GHI), a Texas-based energy startup, announced plans last week to develop a brand-new green hydrogen project—the world's largest—in South Texas. GHI says some of the hydrogen from this project will be used to develop clean rocket fuel for Elon Musk's aerospace company SpaceX.
https://www.popularmechanics.com/science/green-tech/a39353989/green-hydrogen-plant-could-fuel-spacex-rockets/#:~:text=The hub plans to supply,generating environmentally friendly jet fuels.
India adds 10 GW solar capacity in 2022
Solar capacity installations in the country jumped by a record 210 per cent to 10 gigawatts during 2021, Mercom Communications India said in a report on Thursday. The green capacity installations reached a level of 3.2 gigawatts (GW) in 2020, the research firm said in its 'Indian Solar Sector Market Leaders' report.
"In CY 2021, India saw a record 10 GW of new solar capacity installed, a big jump of 210 per cent compared to 3.2 GW the year before. The newly installed solar capacity in ..
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/renewables/india-adds-10-gw-solar-capacity-in-2022-mercom-report/articleshow/91346764.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst
2 hours ago, Eric Gagen said:
I hope you realize that EVERY item in your list applies equally to the production of ICE vehicles. All you have done is list some of the inputs required for a generic automobile of any sort.
You're free to list a shit load of "green" possibilities, but none of that decreases the carbon footprint it creates.
You say I'm thick; everything around you, you can and should thank the fossil fuels industry!
And anything that is currently "green." exists because of some chemical makeup of fossil fuel.
The only time we are off fossil fuels and everything they make is when all oil is exhausted but again the Nazi's created synthetic oil out of coal.
You were the one who quoted the article. That 99% figure comes from a public relations exercise. How could you miss that?
India is planning huge coal production increases.
Your solar statistics are not the ones used by the scientists, Jay. You had nothing there.
Also, your data was out of date.
Again, this is not the data used for the new solar studies. I gave you the correct data.
There are numerous studies:
The scientific consensus on human-caused global warming has been a topic of intense interest in recent decades. This is in part due to the important role of public perception of expert consensus, which has downstream impacts on public opinion and support for mitigation policies. Numerous studies, using diverse methodologies and measures of climate expertise, have quantified the scientific consensus, finding between 90% and 100% agreement on human-caused global warming with multiple studies converging on 97% agreement. This study revisits the consensus among geoscientists ten years after an initial survey of experts, while exploring different ways to define expertise and the level of agreement among these groups. We sent 10 929 invitations to participate in our survey to a verified email list of geosciences faculty at reporting academic and research institutions and received 2780 responses. In addition to analyzing the raw survey results, we independently quantify how many publications self-identified climate experts published in the field of climate change research and compare that to their survey response on questions about climate change. As well as a binary approach classifying someone as 'expert' or 'non-expert', we also look at expertise as a scale. We find that agreement on anthropogenic global warming is high (91% to 100%) and generally increases with expertise. Out of a group of 153 independently confirmed climate experts, 98.7% of those scientists indicated that the Earth is getting warmer mostly because of human activity such as burning fossil fuels. Among those with the highest level of expertise (independently confirmed climate experts who each published 20+ peer reviewed papers on climate change between 2015 and 2019) there was 100% agreement that the Earth is warming mostly because of human activity. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ac2774/meta
To deal with a record heat wave you claim isn't happening.
India ramps up coal production to record levels in extreme heatwave
https://www.independent.co.uk/climate-change/news/india-coal-heatwave-power-cut-energy-b2071718.html


text:
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News > Psychopathic News > DJ Clay Interviewed by Underground Hip Hop Blog!
DJ Clay Interviewed by Underground Hip Hop Blog!
Monday 11th November, 2019 by Scottie D | 3 Comments
DJ Clay got some shine from an underground hip hop site called UndergroundHipHopBlog.com. They conducted a short Q&A with him where he discusses his earliest memories of hip hop, how he got his DJ name, rapping vs producing, his favorite rappers, A+R Entertainment, and lots more!
It's a good read, and I know you ninjas want to know what Clay has been up to since the release of his new album Over The Fear Of… was released.
You can see the full interview below.
From UndergroundHipHopBlog.com:
What is the earliest hip hop memory that you can recall?
The earliest I can recall is freestyle mixtapes from local DJs & other DJs like Uncle Luke, DJ Godfather, then the Beastie Boys & Cypress Hill all on cassette or vinyl.
How did the moniker Clay come about?
Clay was no gimmick. It's my middle name & while I was like 11 years old trying to come up with all these what I thought were cool DJ names such as DJ Suicidal & crazy shit like that, one day after I told my parents what I wanted to do my mom was like "What're you gonna go by, DJ Clay?" & I was like "Actually, yeah I am." Everybody always called me Clay in my neighborhood, school, family, never by my first name (Michael) so why not go by what everybody was already calling me? It worked out perfect.
Not only are you a talented producer & DJ, but you're also an MC. So I wanna know: which one were you doing first?
It kinda all fell in play at once. I'd battle rap homies at house parties, but never took it too serious. I just liked rhyming & talkin' shit, lol. But my main passion was to hop on the 1s & 2s because I wanted to be the guy that kept the party hype. Not too long after I was mixing beats I was like "I can make beats like this too", so I started making beats. Then the rap roots came back & I was rapping over my own beats.
Who're some of your favorite MCs & producers that inspire you?
Favorite are DMX, Ludacris, Beastie Boys, Wu-Tang, Big Pun, Michael Jackson & a few more that I know I'm forgetting right now lol.
You started your own label Armed Robbery Entertainment earlier this year. What made you wanna do so?
Actually, A+R Ent. started before I even got signed to Psychopathic Records. It's been going for almost 15 years now, but it's been laying dormant. Bailz has steady been putting out music as well as me putting out mixed tapes but now everybody is starting to realize the strength of this record label, so a lot of people are assuming that it just started. You can go back to 2005 or 2006 & see where our discography was started with the End of Your Career mixtape.
Do you have any artists signed yet & if so, will they be releasing any music soon?
Besides myself, yes we have Bailz, Jaysin the Sin God & Russell Hood. They have all recently released music on all platforms & anywhere music is available. A+R is a record label of versatility but at the same time, all the fans of the record label will love each & every artist on it.
Your full-length debut album Over the Fear Of… came out over the summer. Could you please detail what the album means to you?
The record means a lot of things to me. To the fans and to the people that are involved with it "over the fear of" basically is letting people know to get over the fear of what they really want to do in life. For example: My fans have wanted a solo DJ Clay LP for years now & I finally got over that fear of leaving it in the hands of any record label & made this record for the people that are waiting & depending on me. So if there's anything that you have the slightest fear of just get over it, do it & thank me later lol.
There are no features on the standard edition, but there are 2 on the bonus tracks. Why was that?
When I told my friends I was going to give them a full length solo DJ Clay LP, that's exactly what I did. I made sure there was no features on it because I wanted to prove to them & give them nothing but my all. As far as the 2 bonus tracks that're only on the physical copies, I wanted to highlight my artists off of my record label so I figured it would be best to help push physicals as well as put that little surprise on the physical copies only.
Are you working on anything else coming up in the future?
Yes, I have a 6-year plan that not many people know about because I haven't done many interviews since the record has been released. I believe this is only my 3rd interview & I'm gonna let everybody know now that the Over the Fear Of… title is just the beginning of a phrase. The next installment will also have no features & it will be this 2nd part of the phrase. The final LP which will also feature no guest appearances will finalize the phrase & by time all 3 records are out the phrase will not only mean a lot to me but I feel like it would mean a lot to the people that have been on this journey with me, have been following, have been involved, showed love & have helped with my career. They will be dropping every other year but in between that your boy is going to continue the mixtape series!
Any last words before we wrap up?
Don't get in this game if you're not willing to put up with the ups & downs, the laughs & cries, all of the other stale shit that comes with it but also all the fresh shit that comes with it. If you don't got a plan & don't have passion just give it up now. This shit could make you or break you it could make you miss your family time, make your family hate you & at the same time it can make them love you. So just be prepared for the ride.
Steven Eli
Q&A With Detroit's DJ Clay @ UndergroundHipHopBlog.com
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Faygoluvers Comments
kukluxklown
Comment posted on Tuesday, November 12th, 2019 03:36 pm GMT -6 at 3:36 pm
OK. WELL
WAY TO IGNORE THE ELEPHANT IN THE ROOM
AmputatedStumps
Comment posted on Wednesday, November 13th, 2019 04:44 am GMT -6 at 4:44 am
No disrespect to clay but I feel like he NEEDS features on his albums. 3 albums coming without any features from anyone? Fuck you ese.
Rancid Gangsta
Comment posted on Thursday, November 14th, 2019 02:17 pm GMT -6 at 2:17 pm
Haha this aint psychopathic news guess scotty needs to reformat the website ….
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Theodore Syrette recipient of 2018 YMCA Peace Medal
Ontario Regional Chief RoseAnne Archibald keynote speaker for Breakfast for Peace
The Sault Star
More from The Sault Star
Published on: November 6, 2018 | Last Updated: November 6, 2018 8:09 PM EST
Theodore Syrette will receive the 2018 YMCA Peace Medal for being a "fierce advocate" for the rights of both Indigenous People and for 2SLGBTQ+. Jeffrey Ougler/Sault Star
Ontario Regional Chief RoseAnne Archibald, of Taykwa Tagamou Nation, will be keynote speaker for Breakfast for Peace, hosted by Sault Ste. Marie YMCA and Kiwanis Club of Lakeshore.
The event, Nov. 30 from 7:30 to 9:30 a.m. at the Marconi Cultural Centre and Banquet Hall, is part of YMCA Peace Week, Nov. 17-24.
"RoseAnne has dedicated all of her adult life to serving and striving to create a better quality of life and future for First Nations people," says a YMCA release. "She represents a generational change, bringing diplomacy and encouraging unity in the First Nations political system, while breaking down barriers since the start of her political career, having been the first woman and youngest."
As Ontario regional chief, with more than 25 years of experience in First Nations politics, Archibald remains "dedicated to empowering" women and youth in seeking community-based solutions that encourage "capacity-building, leadership development and resiliency," said the release.
The breakfast will also include the presentation of the 2018 YMCA Peace Medal to Theodore Syrette for being a "fierce advocate" for the rights of both Indigenous People and for 2SLGBTQ+.
The award is presented annually to individuals or groups who challenge and inspire others to pursue acts for peace, and, "without any special resources, status, wealth or position," demonstrate a commitment to the values of peace through contributions made within their local, national or global community.
Tickets can be purchased for $30 each at the Sault Ste. Marie YMCA. The event includes a buffet-style breakfast. The event's presenting sponsor is GFL Environmental Inc.
YMCA Peace Week offers activities that help children, youth and adults, explore peace from personal, community and global perspectives. The Sault Ste. Marie and Area Local Immigration Partnership will sponsor the Multicultural Potluck Nov. 20, from 5 to 6 p.m. Bring a food dish to share. Register at the front desk of the YMCA.
Labour council, interest group takes aim at Bill 47	 Local Sports Digest


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Are Dutch and Sweden the same?
Do Dutch people live in Sweden?
Are Scandinavian and Dutch the same?
Is Swedish Dutch?
Why are Swedes called Swedes?
Can Dutch understand Swedish?
Is Holland the Netherlands?
Is Swedish or Dutch easier?
Why are the Swedes so attractive?
What are people from Sweden called?
What language does Sweden speak?
Is a swede a turnip?
What is a swede in British slang?
Geographically speaking, Sweden is one of the biggest countries in Europe. And humorously seen, Sweden is 10 times bigger than the Netherlands. Dutch and Swedes are neither considered bigger nor smaller than each other. Something else we have in common is that most of us are blonde or blue-eyed.
Every year, the registered Dutch population in Sweden grows with three to four percent, resulting in the current number of 11.000 Dutch people living in Sweden. Although Sweden is a member state of the European Union, procedures can differ strongly from those in the Netherlands.
In the Dutch language, the Netherlands is called "Nederlands". The Netherlands is often considered a part of Scandinavia and even the Nordic countries when in reality, it is not true. Just because it lies to the south of these countries, people misinterpret Netherlands as a Nordic or a Scandinavian country.
The official language of Sweden is Swedish and that of the Netherlands is Dutch. Both of the languages are quite similar because both of them have Germanic roots. However, many characteristics make both languages different. Dutch is more close to English.
IT IS AMAZING: Is hot tap water safe to drink Netherlands?
The swede is thought to have been introduced into Britain around 1800. It is said that King Gustav of Sweden sent the first swede seeds as a gift to Patrick Miller (1731 – 1815) of Dumfries and Galloway, and that this act resulted in the vegetable being called 'swede'.
Dutch, German, English, Swedish and Danish are all Germanic languages but the degree of mutual intelligibility between these languages differs. Danish and Swedish are the most mutually comprehensible, but German and Dutch are also mutually intelligible.
The official name of the country is the Kingdom of the Netherlands. … Holland actually only means the two provinces of Noord-Holland and Zuid-Holland. However, the name Holland is often used when all of the Netherlands is meant.
Despite superficial first impressions that suggest the contrary, Swedish is simpler to learn than Dutch in terms of grammar en pronunciation. Swedish has a similar sound inventory to English. Vocabulary-wise, Dutch has (being a fellow West-Germanic language) more similarities.
They have a natural glow: As well as a nutrient-rich diet – including a lot of herring and other fish oils which help maintain glowing skin – the Swedish tend to have higher cheekbones, giving them natural contour and highlights.
Swedes (Swedish: svenskar) are a North Germanic ethnic group native to the Nordic region, primarily their nation state of Sweden, who share a common ancestry, culture, history and language.
IT IS AMAZING: Who drank tea in Holland Why?
Rutabaga (/ˌruːtəˈbeɪɡə/; North American English) or swede (British English and some Commonwealth English) is a root vegetable, a form of Brassica napus (which also includes rapeseed). … The species Brassica napus originated as a hybrid between the cabbage (Brassica oleracea) and the turnip (Brassica rapa).
Swede is a Swedish turnip, hence the name "swede". They are bigger, tougher skinned, yellow fleshed and much hardier than a turnip. Turnips are the smaller ones, with smoother skin and white flesh. … In Scotland, a turnip might be called a swede or a turnip, and a swede might be called a neep.
(Britain, slang) The head.


text:
Setting up a panel and monitoring obligations
INVESTIGATORS' TOOLKIT
What is prohibited conduct?
The key behaviours
of investigators
Scoping and planning
Collecting the evidence
Conclusions and
preparing an
investigation report
Investigations in
their context
Acronym list
Panels are set up following a decision by a responsible official that a formal report of prohibited conduct should be investigated.
After deciding to set up a Panel, the conduct and discipline focal point would normally inform the affected individual and the alleged offender, as appropriate, of the decision to set up the Panel and at least every two months thereafter of the status of the matter. The conduct and discipline focal point is a staff member designated by a head of entity to serve as a contact point for both the affected individual and the alleged offender throughout the handling of formal reports of possible prohibited conduct to provide information on the process and relevant time frames.
During the investigation, the responsible official shall take appropriate measures to monitor the status of the affected individual, the alleged offender and the work unit(s) concerned until such time as the panel investigation report has been submitted and any subsequent action has been completed. The responsible official shall ensure that all parties comply with their duty to cooperate with the investigation and that no party is subject to retaliation or any other prohibited conduct as a result of the complaint or the investigation.
The responsible official shall also look to see if the affected individual's work performance or conduct has been impacted and consider appropriate accommodations. The responsible official should also consider whether any interim measures are appropriate during the investigation, such as separation of the alleged offender and impacted individual, reassignment, flexible working arrangements and special leave.
Relevant provisions:
ST/SGB/2019/8: 1.16, 5.5 (e), 5.5 (f), 5.5 (h), 5.7, 6.7-6.10


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Lakewood BlueClaws Name New GM
Joe Ricciutti, BlueClaws GM
Shore Town Baseball who took over the operating ownership of the Lakewood BlueClaws just two weeks ago has announced that Joe Ricciutti has been named President & General Manager of the Philadelphia Phillies Class "A" baseball team. Ricciutti was president of the Staten Island Yankees from 2007-11 and in 2008 was named Minor League Executive of the Year by Ballpark Digest. During that time period, the team was owned by Mandalay Baseball whose CEO was Art Matin, now the managing member of the Shore Town Baseball group that runs the BlueClaws.
Ricciutti has spent the past six years as Assistant Vice President/University Event Management at Columbia University where he oversaw a staff of 150 full-time and 250 part-time employees. His division provided event management, venue rental and food and beverage services for over 34,000 events annually across the college campuses.
Despite being a native of Staten Island, Ricciutti knows the Jersey Shore well having spent summers over the last 25 years in Lavallette with his family. His first order of business will be to analyze the operation over the final three weeks of the season where he plans to talk with staff and fans.
Filed Under: Lakewood BlueClaws
Categories: Baseball


- ownership, acquisition & divestment: planning, preparation and execution, pre- and post-deal, buy-side and sell-side.
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Isambard does not provide valuation, financial or legal advice (other than assessing business performance) and we do not usually promote businesses for sale. Isambard does not promote or advise on investment in shares, bonds or other financial instruments.


Shepway District Council granted planning permission for the development of the sports ground as a major new centre, providing first class facilities for cricket and hockey.
The £6 million project, part funded by the Roger de Haan Charitable Trust includes a new pavilion, sports hall, two cricket pitches and two hockey surfaces, netball courts, a hockey set piece pitch and a "MUGA" (multi use games area).
Crofton was employed by the Cheriton Road Sports Ground Trustees (CRSGT) in two phases. Phase 1 services include a performance specification for the outdoor areas, encompassing the construction of flood lights and irrigation systems for county-standard hockey pitch 1.
Phase 2 provided full building services design for the indoor areas of the scheme, including the new sports hall and new pavilion with accessible changing rooms.


2014-01-31T18:32:29-05:00https://images.c-span.org/Files/a21/201401311240191001_hd.jpgPanelists talked about the Iranian nuclear deal and U.S. policy in the Middle East. This event was hosted by the Hudson Institute.
Panelists talked about the Iranian nuclear deal and U.S. policy in the Middle East. This event was hosted by the Hudson Institute.


mdm had the most liked content!
The only green I've got these days is a rusty hand rail. So I'm in a phase called waiting for the sun.
Have you set up the camera to take pictures without lens?
This is might be your case.
This 33f1 doesn't look that big mounted on xt3. it's about the size of 90f2 but twice faster. hope it won't cost a fortune.
Thanks a lot for info Patrick! Got it.
I'm afraid the options you are talking about would be available only when "FUJIFILM M MOUNT ADAPTER" is attached (http://www.fujifilm.com/products/digital_cameras/accessories/lens/mount/fujifilm_m_mount_adapter/). But I don't think you need to bother about them. Just setup your focal length correctly and that's enough.
Prime lenses " what to choose "
I have 27mm, 23f2 and 35f2. As I prefer 35mm focal length over 23mm I use 35mm when I've got any sort of bag with me and 27mm when there is just a pocket where I can store my cam. I see no differences in IQ and sharpness but 35mm is faster and longer so can provide good bokeh while 27mm doesn't have this feature. What about 50mm and 60mm if only you are not in a bad need for a macro shooting take 50mm. 60mm has a great IQ but almost useless for street and reportage due its slow focusing nature.
I didn't set up the catalog myself. It was created automatically during installation. Yes, we can choose whether we need to import RAFs into the catalog or leave them wthere they are but all changes would be stored in a single file and I don't like this way. I prefer separate projects - sessions in terms of C1, which might be freely moved wherever I want. Anyway I'm going to get myself familiar with the full version and if I like it I'll get it.
As I've found out Express version doesn't have "Sessions", so I can't work with files and folders as I do. Catalog paradigm is just not for everybody and definitely not for me.
Apparently it should be max A lenses like 35mm f/1.4; 23mm f/1.4 and 56mm f/1.2 or some adopted fast manual focus lenses. Shooting in manual mode using zone focusing may also make sense.


and individual leaders like you.
Together, we're taking charge of our gender culture!
The Center for Women's Leadership at USD's Conscious Leadership Academy increases women's leadership capacity through training and development programs uniquely designed to address issues that women face in leading organizations.


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The Duke Blue Devils football team represented Duke University in the 2012 NCAA Division I FBS football season as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) in the Coastal Division. The Blue Devils were led by fifth-year head coach David Cutcliffe and played their home games at Wallace Wade Stadium They finished the season 6–7 overall and 3–5 in ACC play to place fifth in the Coastal Division. They were invited to the Belk Bowl, the program's first bowl game since 1995, where they were defeated by Cincinnati.

Schedule

Personnel

Coaching staff

Roster

Game summaries

FIU

at No. 21 Stanford

North Carolina Central

Memphis

at Wake Forest

Virginia

at Virginia Tech

North Carolina

at. No. 10 Florida State

No. 9 Clemson

at Georgia Tech

Miami (FL)

vs. Cincinnati (Belk Bowl)

References

Duke
Duke Blue Devils football seasons
Duke Blue Devils football

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I'm an Independent Fashion Consultant selling comfortable and fashionable LuLaRoe skirts, dresses, tops, and leggings for women and girls.
California's first urban 'destination distillery', nestled right in the heart of America's Finest City. Come for one, stay for two!


Riskalyze empowers investment advisors to capture a quantitative measurement of client risk tolerance to find investments that fit them.
Riskalyze operates a risk alignment platform that transforms the advisory industry by allowing investment advisors to capture a quantitative measurement of client risk tolerance. The platform uses its data to attract new clients, capture and meet their expectations, and quantify suitability. Launched in 2011, Riskalyze works with RIAs, hybrid advisors, independent broker-dealers, RIA networks, custodians, clearing firms, and asset managers to better align investments with the tolerances and expectations of individual investors.


A collection of short videos from APTA makes it clear that tales of a dynamic duo's success aren't just found in comic books and Fred Astaire movies—they're the stuff of real-world practice relationships among physical therapists (PTs) and physical therapist assistants (PTAs).
The association's Supervision and Teamwork webpage now includes "Success Stories From the Field," a set of short videos that explore how PTs and PTAs combine talent and expertise to extend the reach of physical therapy, ensure consistency of care, increase efficiencies, and keep costs down. The profiles help to show how the PT-PTA team can not only benefit patients and clients, but enrich providers' own experiences by establishing an atmosphere of respect and collaboration.
The videos now available are part of a planned series, additional installments of which are being recorded during the APTA NEXT Conference and Exposition being held June 11-14 in Charlotte, North Carolina.
Want to learn more about the PT – PTA team experience? Contact PTA@apta.org.


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A Specter of Dictatorship in Brazil
Little more than three decades after the end of dictatorship, Jair Bolsonaro's win in the Brazilian elections forebodes a crackdown on democratic institutions from the university to the press to the judiciary.
Anna More
On October 28, Brazilians voted in the second round of the most contentious election since the return of democracy in 1989. As polls had predicted, the ultra-right candidate Jair Bolsonaro (PSL) beat the leftist Fernando Haddad (PT). The margin was smaller than had been anticipated, with Bolsonaro receiving 55% of the valid vote to Haddad's 45%. There was also a record number of abstentions. Between null, blank and no-show voters, 30% of the voting population sat out the election.
Still, Bolsonaro's decisive win did signal that a large part of the electorate was willing to embrace a candidate who has celebrated the legacy of military rule and has consistently engaged in violent rhetoric during his 25 years in congress. The campaign itself was marked by acts of violence, including the stabbing of Bolsonaro himself at a rally in early September. However, attacks by Bolsonaro supporters appear to have far outnumbered those by Haddad supporters. In the days before the first round of voting, there were 50 reported acts of violence against Workers' Party sympathizers. These resulted in several deaths, including of a well-known capoeira master in Salvador, Mestre Moa do Katendê, whom thousands mourned publicly across the country.
Like many others living in Brazil, I watched these events unfold with a sense of dread. I am not a citizen but I am married to a Brazilian who is a voter and human rights activist. Bolsonaro's rapid ascent in the presidential race confirmed our worst fears that if he won, endemic violence in Brazil would not only escalate but be centralized and target the political opposition. The election has also brought to light continued support for the dictatorship after 30 years of democracy. Those who have labored to build democratic institutions in Brazil since the return to democracy are all too aware of their fragility.
The Role of Social Media
Of course, the millions of Bolsonaro voters who embraced his campaign do not share this sense of dread. The degree of polarization in the political atmosphere leading up to the final vote is difficult to overstate. A meme went viral after the first round of voting on October 7 that stated "have you fought with your friends and family yet over this election?" As one of my students put it, after she told me that she had broken ties with her father over the election, "it feels as if this election has literally ripped me in two."
In great part, these divisions reflect the outsized role of social media in the circulation of campaign materials—and how these platforms were used to circulate information that would garner support for Bolsonaro and discredit Haddad. An investigative report found that Bolsonaro's campaign benefitted from a massive circulation of tailored messages sent through WhatsApp. The messages were not vetted by the electoral commission, as campaign ads would be, and were paid for by a consortium of Brazilian businesses, thus subverting strict limits on campaign contributions.
Thus, it's no coincidence that 60% of Bolsonaro supporters received information on the election via WhatsApp, whereas only 38% of Haddad supporters did. Another study found that 98% of Bolsonaro supporters had been exposed to fake news and that an overwhelming majority of them believed the two most notorious false reports: that the Workers' Party had distributed a "gay kit" in schools and that the ballot machines were rigged in the first round of voting. According to electoral observers from the Organization of American States, the levels of false statements circulating on social media were globally "perhaps without precedent."
Meanwhile, another meme circulating among anti-Bolsonaro voters poked fun at how the relative lack of a social media presence by the Haddad campaign affected the election: "I never imagined that Brazilian democracy would depend upon the Workers' Party learning how to use WhatsApp."
This circulation of memes, hashtags, and fake news stories has all but stifled debate. In the first weeks of the election, nationwide protests galvanized the anti-Bolsonaro vote under the hashtag #EleNão and #EleNunca. But Bolsonaro supporters responded with other hashtags such as #EleSim and #PTNunca.
The campaign itself never got much further than these statements. Social media effectively drew voters from the sway of traditional media such as Rede Globo, which itself has often been accused of an anti-Workers' Party bias. Bolsonaro refused to participate in the scheduled television debates, claiming that his recovery did not permit it, making this the first Brazilian election since the return of democracy to hold no debates between the final candidates. After he held an interview with the evangelical-owned media network Rede Record at the same time as the first round debate, however, it became widely assumed that Bolsonaro was avoiding possible pitfalls in debates to protect his front-runner status.
"Vira Voto"
Deprived of the scheduled debates and trailing in the polls, the Workers' Party adopted other strategies to flip voters. Haddad shed the traditional red color of the party, incorporating the colors of the Brazilian flag to compete with Bolsonaro's appropriation of national symbols. In the lead-up to the second round, he also attempted to somewhat distance himself from Lula, who has been effectively silenced since his imprisonment in April, after making multiple appeals to not be barred from running himself. These efforts were pragmatic attempts to engage null voters, many of whom have expressed disdain for the Workers' Party following the Operation Car Wash corruption scandal and the impeachment of President Dilma Rousseff.
Haddad emphasized the dangers Bolsonaro poses to Brazilian democracy to try to engage these voters. He underscored Bolsonaro's repeated statements sympathizing with the military dictatorship, his declaration that he would appoint ex-military as ministers in his government and, especially, statements he had made in the past in favor of torture and state-sponsored extra-judicial killings. As recently as 2016, Bolsonaro declared that the only mistake of the dictatorship was to "torture and not to kill." In the same year, he dedicated his vote to impeach then-President Dilma Rousseff to Carlos Alberto Brilhante Ultra, an infamous torturer under the dictatorship.
Bolsonaro made no point in hiding such anti-democratic tendencies, which in fact may be the basis for some of his popularity. In essence, the election became a de facto referendum on the legacy of the dictatorship. Bolsonaro banked on the perception that many Brazilians are agnostic about military rule and even favor the use of torture by the state. On October 21, a week before the second round of voting, Bolsonaro gave a speech to a rally of his supporters in São Paulo. Rather than voicing conciliation with his opponents, he escalated his rhetoric against Workers' Party sympathizers, declaring that "those red criminals will be banned from our country" and, in a line that distinctly recalled a slogan from the dictatorship, "either they leave or they go to prison."
At the same time, a video began to circulate in which Eduardo Bolsonaro, the candidate's son and a congressman from Rio de Janeiro, declared that "it would only take one soldier and a corporal to shut the court down" if the Supreme Court were to intervene in the election results and prevent his father from becoming president. The video, shot in July, raised the concrete possibility that the Bolsonaro campaign would consider using its military ties to suspend Brazil's democratic institutions.
A surge of activism on the Left followed Bolsonaro's missteps in the final days of the campaign. Social media messages urged anti-Bolsonaro voters to try to flip at least one null vote. Friends went to the central bus station every day to talk to undecided voters. Across the country, voters attempted to do the same, among family members, friends, and in everyday conversations with strangers.
In addition, the grassroots "vira voto" (flip the vote) campaign underscored the drawbacks of using social media-style communication to engage undecided voters. While the memes circulating on both sides hurled accusations and insults, as one friend put it, "it's not possible to sway an undecided voter by calling anyone who votes for Bolsonaro a fascist. That's a non-starter." Instead, the grassroots campaign focused on overcoming the anti-Workers' Party sentiment that had tarnished Haddad and focused on pinning the violent rhetoric to Bolsonaro himself, not on his supporters.
The Shadow of Dictatorship
Those who did attempt to engage Bolsonaro sympathizers on social media to try to change their minds came away sobered. Supporters appeared to favor the emotional charge of memes over the candidates' actual published platforms. For example, a major issue for Bolsonaro supporters has been crime. But rather than considering the effect of proposals such as the relaxation of gun control or the assumption of police innocence in any killing of a civilian in the line of duty, supporters simply repeated Bolsonaro's slogans that "a good criminal is a dead criminal" and his promise to redirect human rights to the "real victims."
Such statements have undoubtedly contributed to increased violence against vulnerable groups. The journalist who broke the story of the pro-Bolsonaro Whatsapp campaigns has received death threats, including from Bolsonaro's own son, and other journalists have also reported threats. Bolsonaro supporters have also physically attacked members of the LGBTQ+ community. Racial slurs and homophobic epithets have appeared on the streets and in public parks across the country. Echoing Bolsonaro's promise to open the Amazon to development, the offices of government agencies charged with wildlife protections have been burned.
Brazilian universities have also seen the specter of the return of censorship. In a preview of what might be coming, on October 25, federal universities across the country were the target of what appears to have been a coordinated police raid. Police and electoral officials entered federal university campuses across the country and removed what they claimed to be political propaganda, citing a legal prohibition on campaigning in public universities. Among the items removed were banners declaring that the universities defended democracy and refused fascism. Police reportedly examined professors' syllabi and shut down planned classes on fascism, claiming that they constituted veiled criticisms of Bolsonaro.
This prompted the Fluminense Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, which had been ordered to remove an anti-fascism banner from its entrance, to replace the banner with another stating "censored." Ultimately, the Supreme Court stepped in to suspend the operation and on October 31 unanimously voted in favor of freedom of speech on campuses.
But these attacks on constitutional rights have in fact invigorated Bolsonaro's base. One of the newly-elected congresswoman from his party has publicly called for students to film their teachers to expose examples of what she claims is a leftist conspiracy to indoctrinate in secondary schools. This claim repeats ones that have been made in mainstream media outlets and that are the basis for support for a controversial proposed bill, Escola Sem Partido (School Without Party), to prohibit teachers from taking or advocating political positions in the classroom.
We now live under this shadow in Brazil. Like other regions that have recently seen a return of the ultra-right, institutions such as the university, the press, and the judiciary have been subject to verbal attacks that forebode a future crackdown. Unlike other regions, however, these institutions have been autonomous for a mere 30 years, and are competing with anti-democratic traditions that have never been fully laid to rest.
Anna More is professor of Literature and Literary Theory at the Universidade de Brasília. She was formerly a professor of Spanish and Portuguese at the University of California, Los Angeles.
Military Dictatorship


On the border of Virginia and North Carolina stretches a great, dismal swamp. The Great Dismal Swamp, actually — that's the name British colonists gave it centuries ago. The swamp covers about 190 square miles today, but at its peak, before parts of it were drained and developed, it was around ten times bigger, spanning roughly 2,000 square miles of Virginia and North Carolina.
And it's understandable why people called the swamp "dismal." Temperatures can reach over 100 degrees. It's humid and soggy, filled with thorns and thickets, teeming with all sorts of dangerous and unpleasant wildlife. The panthers that used to live there are now gone, but even today there are black bears, poisonous snakes, and swarms of yellow flies and mosquitoes.
Hundreds of years ago, before the Civil War, the dangers of the swamp and its seeming impenetrability actually attracted people to it. The land was so untamed that horses and boats couldn't enter, and the colonists who were filing into the region detested it. William Byrd II, a Virginia planter, called it "a miserable morass where nothing can inhabit." But people did inhabit the swamp, including thousands of enslaved Africans and African Americans who escaped their captors and formed communities in the swamp. This "dismal" landscape was the site of one of the most remarkable and least told stories of resistance to slavery in American history.


Developmental plasticity - the phenomenon by which individuals respond, often adaptively, to changes in environmental conditions - has long been considered as an important facilitator of evolutionary change. Yet, the conditions that allow for developmental plasticity to promote innovation and diversification, and the proximate mechanisms influencing these effects, remain poorly understood. Recent advances, integrating both ecological and evolutionary approaches to the study of developmental biology, have begun to provide important insights into how the interactions between development and environment influence the way genotypes give rise to phenotypes in nature. Evidence emerging from a diversity of systems implicates plasticity in a variety of evolutionary processes, such as peak shifts on adaptive landscapes, the origin of novel traits, speciation and adaptive radiation.
Viewing evolution through this lens requires an integrative approach because it poses the questions: "How do specific types of environmental variation impact the developmental-genetic systems of individuals? And how do these altered patterns of development in turn relate to evolutionary changes at the population level?" A complete answer to these fundamental questions requires diverse expertise, integrating ecology, evolutionary biology, physiology and developmental genetics. In particular, recent advances in developmental genetics are rapidly improving our mechanistic understanding of how the environment alters the genotype-phenotype map, a key piece of the larger puzzle we are trying to solve. Furthermore, given the ubiquity of plasticity, investigators with expertise in the morphology, behavior and/or physiology of any organism can contribute to our discovery of any general principles underlying the impact of developmental plasticity on evolutionary outcomes. Our presenters capture this diverse array of expertise, which we anticipate will provide as broadly stimulating a symposium as possible.
Small-horned (left) and large horned (right) morphs of the dung beetle Onthophagus nigriventris. Larval nutrition dictates the morphology of the adult male, who uses his horns in combat to gain access to females. Smaller, hornless males, use a sneaker strategy to access mates. Photo by Alex Wild.
The specific objectives of symposium contributions are to (i) highlight and synthesize the mechanisms by which developmental plasticity might contribute to evolution and (ii) feature novel empirical and conceptual approaches to the study of developmental plasticity's role in evolution. To achieve these goals, we have assembled a diverse group of researchers who study developmental plasticity and its consequences in a variety of organisms using diverse approaches. Through our symposium presentations and their associated manuscripts contributed to the Journal of Integrative and Comparative Biology, we hope to lay the foundation for a better understanding and appreciation for plasticity's contribution to organismal diversity, a fundamental challenge confronting evolutionary biologists. Ultimately, we hope to stimulate other members of our community to confront this challenge in novel ways.
This photograph by Sonia Sultan shows two genetic replicates of the same highly inbred line of Polygonum cespitosum, a colonizing annual plant native to Asia. The two plants express dramatically different juvenile phenotypes as a result of growing in contrasting greenhouse environments. These developmental differences include branching architecture, relative proportions of different tissues, morphology and anatomy of organs such as roots and leaves, and reproductive timing and output.
The plant on the left was grown in dry soil and full sun conditions. It has developed multiple branches and reproductive axes, narrow leaves with thick mesophyll and cuticle, and high biomass allocation to root tissue. By contrast, the genetic replicate on the right was grown in moist soil and simulated canopy shade (i.e., reduced light intensity as well as altered spectral quality). This plant has developed a less branched, upright form with elongated internodes, large, broad leaves with thin mesophyll and cuticle, and high biomass allocation to leaf tissue, responses that maximize photosynthetic surface area despite lower total biomass.
S8-1.2 Friday, Jan. 6, 08:30 LEICHTY, A. R.; PFENNIG, D. W.*; JONES, C. R.; PFENNIG, K. S.: Relaxed selection on rates of molecular evolution: consequence or cause of phenotypic plasticity?
S8-2.1 Friday, Jan. 6, 13:00 DWORKIN, Ian: Genetic Contingency: Intergrating genetic background and environment into the study of mutational effects.


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Grand Prix Turcji 2021, oficjalnie Formula 1 Rolex Turkish Grand Prix – szesnasta runda Mistrzostw Świata Formuły 1 w sezonie 2021. Grand Prix odbyło się w dniach 8–10 października 2021 na torze Intercity İstanbul Park w Stambule. Wyścig wygrał po starcie z pole position Valtteri Bottas (Mercedes), a na podium kolejno stanęli obaj kierowcy Red Bulla – Max Verstappen oraz Sergio Pérez.

Lista startowa

Wyniki

Zwycięzcy sesji treningowych

Kwalifikacje

Uwagi

Wyścig

 Uwagi

Najszybsze okrążenie

Prowadzenie w wyścigu

Klasyfikacja po wyścigu

Kierowcy
Źródło: FIA

Konstruktorzy
Źródło: FIA

Przypisy

Turcja
2021 w Turcji
2021


There is a huge demand for a fresh force in Japanese politics after 20 years of stagnation. Osaka mayor Toru Hashimoto is galvanising support among a 'lost generation' which has virtually given up on politics. But doubts remain on his economic and foreign policies.
THE RAPID rise of Toru Hashimoto, the 43-year old radical reforming Mayor of Osaka, and his Japan Restoration Movement, indicates huge demand for a fresh force in Japanese politics.
Peace between Russia and Japan?