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Castle defends sectional wrestling title
Castle High School won its 32nd overall wrestling sectional championship in 41 years
Castle defends sectional wrestling title Castle High School won its 32nd overall wrestling sectional championship in 41 years Check out this story on courierpress.com: https://www.courierpress.com/story/sports/high-school/2016/01/30/castle-defends-sectional-wrestling-title/86833512/
PEVC Published 5:09 p.m. CT Jan. 30, 2016
Devon Casebolt(Photo: File)
DANIEL R. PATMORE / SPECIAL TO THE COURIER & PRESS Castle's Austin Ramsey (left) works to pin Reitz's Kye Fehrenbacher (right) in the 138 lb. bout during Saturday's wrestling sectional held at Castle High School in Newburgh, Ind., January 31, 2016. Ramsey won for Castle. (Photo: Daniel R. Patmore)
DANIEL R. PATMORE / SPECIAL TO THE COURIER & PRESS Memorial's Seth Horty (left) works to get free from Castle's Baxter Annakin (right) in the 113 lb. bout during the wrestling sectional at Castle High School gym in Newburgh, Ind. Saturday, January 31, 2016. Annakin won for Castle. (Photo: Daniel R. Patmore)
DANIEL R. PATMORE / SPECIAL TO THE COURIER & PRESS Castle's Carson Willis (left) make eye contact with Reitz's Caleb Craig in the 126 lb. bout during Saturday's wrestling sectional held at Castle High School in Newburgh, Ind., January 31, 2016. Willis won for Castle. (Photo: Daniel R. Patmore)
DANIEL R. PATMORE / SPECIAL TO THE COURIER & PRESS Castle's Braedon Clopton (top) works to pin Memorial's Nolan Schaefer (bottom) in the 132 lb. bout during Saturday's wrestling sectional at Castle High School in Newburgh, Ind., January 31, 2016. Clopton won for Castle. (Photo: Daniel R. Patmore)
DANIEL R. PATMORE / SPECIAL TO THE COURIER & PRESS Tell City's David Teague (bottom) works to get free from Castle's Neal Bealmear (top) in the 120 lb. bout during Saturday's wrestling sectional held at Castle High School in Newburgh, Ind. January 31, 2016. Bealmear won for Castle. (Photo: Daniel R. Patmore)
PARADISE — Thirty-two.
In his 32nd year at Castle High, Bob Harmon coached the Knights to the school's 32nd overall team wrestling sectional championship.
Castle now has won 32 of the 41 sectionals since the IHSAA began team titles in 1976; however the Knights hadn't repeated as champions since winning nine straight from 2003 through 2011.
'I say to my kids (the sectional) is step No. 1 in the state tournament,' Harmon said. 'It's about setting yourself up for the regional and we did a good job advancing all 14.'
Castle's 316 points bested Reitz (194), Memorial (188), Harrison (120) and six other teams.
The Knights' domination began in the 132-pound weight class as Castle senior Braedon Clopton (27-3) beat Memorial's Nolan Schaefer, 7-0, to repeat as a sectional champion.
The Knights placed in the top three of all 14 weight classes, including nine champions, four runners-up and one third-place finish.
The top-four finishers in each weight class from the Castle and Central sectionals advance to the regional, which will begin at 9 a.m. Saturday at Castle.
The Knights, who had 263 points entering the finals, won the six lightest classes in succession — freshman Devon Casebolt (36-4) at 106 pounds; sophomore Baxter Annakin (12-0) at 113; freshman Neal Bealmear (26-4) at 120; Carson Willis (36-1) at 126; Clopton at 132 and Austin Ramsey (36-3) at 138.
Annakin won a sectional title at 106 in 2015.
Castle's winning streak finally was broken in the 145 match when Heritage Hills' Owen Ninke (30-8) battled Castle's Clay McNutt for three periods to a 2-2 tie. Ninke was awarded a takedown in the final seconds of overtime.
Memorial's 152-pounder, Chance Williams (27-7), earned a 5-2 decision over Castle's William Nunn.
'We had seven guys wrestle above their seed and four below,' said Memorial head coach Larry Mattingly. 'Castle obviously ran away with it, but the team points we scored today factor into the coaches' state dual meet, so that's plus for us.'
Castle's Jacob Farmer (33-5), whose match at 160 was stopped six times because of his recurring bloody nose, beat Heritage Hills' Knowah Rodgers, 3-1.
'That's happened a couple times this year with Jacob,' Harmon said. 'He's gotten used to use having to tape his nose and stuff.'
Evan Dowell (34-3) of Castle for the second week in a row bested Bosse's Raymond Garnett with 10-6 decision at 170.
The 182 match, which featured Castle's Carson Mohler and Tecumseh's unbeaten Jeremy McKinley, ended in a flurry. With less than a minute left and the match knotted at 6-6, Mohler decided to give up top position and return to their feet, giving McKinley an escape point and a 7-6 lead.
The strategy paid off when Mohler (34-3) secured a takedown with 11 seconds left to win 8-7.
The 195 match was equally as exciting. South Spencer's Keith Barclay and Memorial's Marcus Gahagen battled through six minutes of regulation and a minute of overtime tied 1-1.
In the first 30-second tiebreaking period Gahagen, on bottom, couldn't escape. In the second tiebreaking period, Barclay (44-3) escaped and won 2-1.
Reitz's Blake Huggins (29-7) scored in the final period to beat Castle's Brennan Norman at 220.
Davionte Hughes (25-16) of Harrison closed the meet by pinning Castle's Brock Lofton with 0.3 of a second left in the first tiebreaking period of the 285 match.


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Tuesday | 12 December, 2006
HIV/AIDS: Azerbaijanis' Attitudes and Knowledge Explored
There has been growing concern about HIV/AIDS in the South Caucasus. But what kind of knowledge and attitudes about the disease exist in the region? By using data from the CRRC 2004 Data Initiative (DI) and conducting focus groups Gulshan Tagiyeva analyzed the knowledge and attitudes about HIV/AIDS in Azerbaijan.
Based on the results from 2004 CRRC DI survey, the fellow showed that the population in Azerbaijan is less informed about HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases than Georgians and Armenians. Additionally, a large percentage of Azerbaijanis, particularly women, are unsure about how people become infected with HIV/AIDS. There is also very low social acceptance of those who are HIV positive. For example, of respondents in Baku only 8.9 % do not mind doing business and 5 % being friends with people who have HIV/AIDS (2004 CRRC survey).
This research demonstrates more work clearly needs to be done in Azerbaijan to increase HIV/AIDS awareness and social acceptance of those who have HIV/AIDS, particularly among women. The author has drafted a manual (in Azeri) to help promote AIDS education. Her report and a presentation (both in Azeri) can also be downloaded.
The development of Azerbaijani think tanks and their role in public policy discourse
[Editor's note: This is the fourth in a series of blog posts co-published with On Think Tanks. The views expressed within this blog series are the authors alone, and do not represent the views of CRRC-Georgia.]
By Zaur Shiriyev
The development of local think tanks in Azerbaijan has taken a different route to that followed by most other post-Soviet states and Eastern European countries. In the Eastern Bloc countries, research institutes modeled on Western think tanks became increasingly popular following the collapse of the Soviet Union. However, in Azerbaijan this did not happen, largely due to domestic political developments in the early 1990s.
08.08.2015 | Saturday
What do CB interviewers' ratings of respondents' intelligence tell us?
CRRC's Caucasus Barometer (CB) surveys regularly collect information about how the interviewers assess each of the conducted interviews – so called paradata that provides additional insight into the conditions surrounding the interviews (e.g., whether someone besides the respondent and the interviewer was present during the face-to-face interview), as well as interviewers' subjective assessments of, for example, level of sincerity of the respondents.
Gender roles in Azerbaijan: A cross-generational continuum
This blog post explored the attitudes of Azerbaijanis towards gender roles, and whether these have changed over time. It showed that there is a cross-generational continuum in the defined gendered character of the activities children and teenagers have been taught to perform.
Trust and Distrust in Political institutions in Azerbaijan
This blog post is based on research on (dis)trust in political institutions in Azerbaijan. Internationally, levels of trust in political institutions often reflect how well these institutions perform in relation to citizens' expectations.
Trust and Agency in Azerbaijan: Personal Relationships versus Civic Institutions
Civic engagement in the former Soviet Union has been - with some exceptions - quite low since the breakup of the USSR. Data from the 2012 Social Capital, Media and Gender Survey suggest that Azerbaijanis' trust and membership in civic groups and social organizations remain low, while efficacy in personal and local relationship...
Fearing for the children – how living with children affects homophobic attitudes in Tbilisi
Fearing for the children - the blog looks at how homophobic attitudes vary along gender lines taking into account whether men and women live in a household with children:
Knowledge of Russian in Azerbaijan
Although over 20 years have passed since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Russian remains the most commonly spoken language in Azerbaijan after the official language (Azerbaijani).
Abortion Rates in Azerbaijan
The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines abortion as a "termination of a pregnancy after, accompanied by, resulting in, or closely followed by the death of the embryo or fetus." According to the United Nations' publication, World Abortion Policies, 2011, by 2009 roughly 97% of countries in the world had made abortion legal to save a woman's life.
Smoking in the South Caucasus and tobacco policy in Azerbaijan
May 31st is World No Tobacco Day as declared by the United Nations. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), tobacco usage is the primary reason for chronic diseases including "cancer, lung diseases, cardiovascular diseases" among other diseases.
Divorce rates in Azerbaijan
In the Principles and Recommendations for a Vital Statistics System, Revision 2 (by the United Nations), divorce is defined as "a final legal dissolution of a marriage, that is, that separation of husband and wife which confers on the parties the right to remarriage under civil, religious and/or other provisions, according to the laws of each country." This blog post examines divorce in Azerbaijan over the years, by age group, gender and by duration of marriage. The post also explores perceptions of happiness among divorced Azerbaijanis and those who are not divorced.
Facebook usage in Azerbaijan
On February 3rd, 2014, Facebook celebrated its 10th anniversary. According to the World Map of Social Networks December, 2013 statistics, Facebook is the world's most popular social network with more than one billion users. It is followed by QZone with 552 million users, Vkontakte (190 million users), Odnoklassniki (45 million users), and Cloob (1 million users). However, it is important to note that social network usage is not distributed evenly geographically.
The recent history of the South Caucasus as seen by the world's media – Part 1, Armenia and Azerbaijan
History has been a qualitative discipline and has often been considered part of the humanities, well, historically, but the emergence of big data is likely to extend the use of quantitative methods in historical research in the long run. Big data projects have aimed at everything from finding out where to pick fruit in your city to mapping the prevalence of AIDS in the United States, but a recent project, Global Database of Events, Language, and Tone (GDELT) has compiled a massive database of print media coverage in over 100 languages including Armenian, Azerbaijani, and Georgian. Originally created by Kalev Leetaru and Philip Schrodt at Georgetown University, the GDELT database contains about a quarter of a billion uniquely coded units starting from 1979.
Brookings Event - Internally Displaced Persons and Host Communities: The Limits of Hospitality?
...all of this straight from the Brookings website, an event that one of our colleagues, Yulia Aliyeva, will contribute to this week:
Most of the world's 27 million people who have been internally displaced by conflict do not live in camps; rather they live with family members or friends or are dispersed within communities. One frequently overlooked aspect of displacement is the impact of internally displaced persons (IDPs) on the communities which host them—communities which are often poor and marginalized themselves.
Third Stage of the Junior Research Fellowship Program at CRRC-Azerbaijan Launched!
In February 11, 2011, the CRRC-Azerbaijan office launched the third stage of its Junior Research Fellowship Program, funded by the Open Society Institute Think-Tank Fund. Fifteen selected participants will attend the next round of extensive trainings that will prepare them for writing public policy papers.
CRRC-Azerbaijan Junior Research Fellows Compete for the Best PowerPoint Presentation
On March 11, 2011, the participants of CRRC-Azerbaijan's Junior Research Fellowship Program (JRFP) competed for the best PowerPoint presentations based on data from the 2009 Caucasus Barometer (CB). The event was their first time demonstrating their skills in organizing and presenting data. The fellowship selection committee and organizers were anxious to see what the fellows would present after many months of training in quantitative data analysis.
Conference on Social Protection and Social Inclusion in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia
The South Caucasus Social Protection and Social Inclusion regional conference was held in Tbilisi, Georgia on May 19th and 20th. Both the CRRC-Armenia and CRRC-Azerbaijan offices presented country reports on these issues.
Carnegie Research Fellowship Program | Winners Announced
Six scholars from the South Caucasus have been selected to join a prestigious program administered by CRRC and the National Council for Eurasian and East European Research (NCEEER). Carnegie Research Fellowship Program (CRFP) offers local scholars in the social sciences non-degree research opportunities at universities and institutes in the United States.
New and Old Media: Trends in Azerbaijan
Despite some international criticism on media freedom, nationwide survey data shows that Azerbaijanis seem to be generally satisfied with certain forms of national mass media—although with a few exceptions. The overall picture that emerges from the 2011 Caucasus Barometer in Azerbaijan is that 44% of the population thinks TV journalists inform the population well, 32% are neutral, and 16% say TV journalists do not inform the population well (7% don't know).
Gender | How Does the South Caucasus Compare?
CRRC's report "How Does the South Caucasus Compare?" aims to put attitudes towards gender in Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia, the three countries of the South Caucasus region, into a global context.
Graduation Ceremony for the Junior Fellowship Program in Azerbaijan
On October 15, 2011, CRRC-Azerbaijan organized a conference recognizing the completion of its first Junior Research Fellowship Program (JRFP). The conference featured five presentations of individual research projects by the winners of the JRFP essay contest, as well as information about the general activities of CRRC-Azerbaijan office followed by an award ceremony and lunch. More than 30 invitees attended the event, representing civil society, academia, governmental agencies, and international organizations.
Winners of the First Stage of the Junior Research Fellowship Program-Azerbaijan Announced
In August 2010, the Fellowship Selection Committee of the Junior Research Fellowship Program (JRFP)-Azerbaijan had the difficult task of selecting the three best policy papers submitted by program participants. The voting, which was held by secret ballot was extremely difficult because these three papers had minimum differences between scores. Thus, the distribution of the top three winners was unknown until the very last moment. CRRC-Azerbaijan is proud to present the winners of the JRFP policy paper competition: Aynur Ramazanova (first place), Shabnam Agayeva (second place) and Gulnar Mammadova (third place).
Friends Are Hard To Come By: Friendship Divides by Gender in Azerbaijan
Close friends are an important part of life, whether we are starting a new school year as a child, a new job, or in the context of a stable and familiar environment. Whatever the backdrop, close friends help provide a social safety net where individuals can feel understood and protected against perceived obstacles and hardships. In short, friends are an important part of a sense of well-being and belonging, which affects attitudes across a wide spectrum of issues.
Overcoming Negative Stereotypes in the South Caucasus
CRRC hosted a presentation on October 27 by Onnik Krikorian, a British journalist of part-Armenian descent and the Caucasus editor for Global Voices, entitled "Overcoming Negative Stereotypes in the Caucasus: New and Social Media in cross-border communication and conflict reporting."
Award Ceremony of the JRFP-Azerbaijan
Here are some photos from the award ceremony of the first stage of the Junior Research Fellowship Program – Azerbaijan (JRFP) that was organized in a cozy Baku restaurant. The winners of the competition for the best policy essay were awarded iPods, and other participants who had submitted essays received book vouchers.
The Media in Armenia and Azerbaijan: Effective or Affective?
Written by Arpine Porsughyan. Re-posted from the Caucasian Knot.
Many academics argue that the influence of the media is especially strong in environments where citizens depend on a limited number of news sources. In contrast, when citizens have alternative sources of information they are less subject to the potential effects of media.
PISA 2009 | Results for Azerbaijan
Every three years, a range of countries take part in the educational PISA tests, an assessment of the competencies of 15-year olds. The tests are organized by the OECD, and have led to soul-searching and vigorous educational reforms in various countries. In the 2009 round, 34 OECD countries and 41 partner countries took part.
Policy Attitudes towards Women in Azerbaijan: Is Equality Part of the Agenda?
By Yuliya Aliyeva Gureyeva, Baku
The paper published in the 21st edition of the Caucasus Analytical Digest presents an account of how two competing policy approaches coexist in the policy attitudes towards women in Azerbaijan.
PISA in Azerbaijan | Take 2 | great maths scores
In a previous post we wrote about the PISA scores of 15-year olds in Azerbaijan. As you may recall, PISA is an international test of competency, primarily focusing on reading, mathematics and science. Azerbaijan deserves particular praise for participating in this challenging international exercise: the results in science were not altogether flattering, but it's better to take part than to stand aside, and it can only be hoped that Georgia and Armenia will also be taking part soon.
Armenia and Azerbaijan's Performance | Millennium Challenge Corporation's Meta-Index
A previous blog entry on Millennium Challenge Corporation's Meta-Index, as you may recall, presented Georgia's performance. For those who do not know, Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) uses data from the research of various organizations such as the IFC, the World Bank Institute, UNESCO, Freedom House and others. Millennium Challenge Corporation recently released an assessment through its annual scorecard, which has three main policy categories: Ruling Justly, Investing in People, and Economic Freedom.
Exit Polls | Take Two
Readers may recall that we voiced some concern with regards to exit polls. Here is a fascinating account, first-hand, by a reputed pollster having what they describe as an "Adventure in Baku".
CRRC Publication Research Fellowship 2008 Available
Explore issues - handle data - satisfy your curiosity - get published - generate opportunities
CRRC is offering a round of research fellowships. Are you curious about a social issue? Do you have some ideas or hypotheses that you want to explore further? This fellowship could be the perfect opportunity for you!
Diaspora Armenians in Armenian Society: the Problem of Adaptation
Difficulties with socio-economic integration – unemployment and a feeling of being "a society within a society," are some of the examples from the list of problems Diaspora Armenians face when immigrating to Armenia. CRRC-Armenia fellow, Anahit Mkrtchyan, researched why these issues are problematic for the Diaspora Armenians and made policy recommendations.
Georgia: Women's Participation in Politics
Women's participation at all levels of elections in Georgia is diminishing. As the Caucasus Women's Network (CWN)reports, women inGeorgia were less represented in terms of candidates in the last parliamentary elections than in any previous parliamentary elections inGeorgia's democratic history. On the other hand, women's low political participation in elected bodies belies women's activeness in civil society institutions, where females appear to be very active.
Doing business in Azerbaijan: easy in theory
Results of the World Bank's Doing Business 2009 project, claims to present "objective measures of business regulations and their enforcement across 181 economies and selected cities at the sub-national and regional level", were made public today.
Baku's Urban Change | Commentary and Photography
Interested in urban development? Want to know how outsiders describe the urban experience of Baku? Two young researchers from Germany have set up a blog to follow their project in tracking changes in Baku. Oriana Kraemer and Sebastian Burger take photographs, attend lectures, and comment on what they observe. Given the inflow of sudden wealth, Baku witnesses comprehensive change. A great project, therefore.
No Adult Male Role Models: Distorting Armenian Male Teenager's View of Masculinity
Gender issues in Armenia are currently under-evaluated and are interpreted predominantly as women's issues. Most of the recommendations drawn from different research suggest special policies to support and reinforce women's integration into traditionally male-dominated areas.
Focus on non-oil tax policy as oil revenues predicted to decline
The IMF has recently published its analysis of the developments in non-oil tax policy, administration and revenues in Azerbaijan. Non-oil tax policy could be an important tool in stimulating the development of non-oil sectors of the country's economy.
Institutionalization of Ethnic Communities in Azerbaijan
The Russian community is the most institutionalized ethnic community in Azerbaijan, according to the research of Ilham Abbasov, a CRRC 2007 Fellow. This is due to the quite diverse nature of this community, some support from the kin state, and the demand for the social communication space among mostly urban Russian speaking actors.
PISA Test | how are Azerbaijani schools doing?
OECD has just published their 2006 PISA results, which stands for "Program for International Student Assessment". In PISA, 15-year olds are tested for basic abilities in various fields. The 2006 round focused primarily on science learning. A little more than 60 countries participated, including Azerbaijan. Georgia and Armenia did not take part.
Restructuring Schools in Armenian Neighborhoods: Does Social Capital Matter?
Public schools in Yerevan face serious problems of restructuring. Most of the schools have not been renovated since the collapse of the Soviet Union. Does economic well-being affect the level of social capital in the neighborhood? Are the neighborhoods with higher social capital more likely to be willing to participate in school renovations?
World Public Opinion: Azerbaijan in Focus
World Public Opinion is the initiative of the Program on International Policy Attitudes (PIPA) of the University of Maryland that explores public opinion on a variety of topics in 25 countries across the globe, including Azerbaijan, the only South Caucasus country represented in the survey. Russia and Ukraine are the other two former USSR countries that the project includes.
World Economic Forum Gender Gap Index | a few surprises
Indices are engaging and instructive, but some really baffle us. The World Economic Forum (WEF), the organisation that organises the annual high-profile Davos meetings, has come up with a gender index, and the Caucasus is featured. The index is intended to measure how the world is closing the gender gap in education, health, and political and economic participation. In principle, this is a great idea, since there are significant challenges and discrepancies (as our data itself shows).
CRRC-Azerbaijan Past Events Summary
If you didn't have time or are just too far away to attend a lecture at CRRC Azerbaijan, you can now get information about our past events from our main website.
Exploring Azerbaijani Views on Alternative Energy
We have written previously about the World Public Opinion project of the Program on International Policy Attitudes at the University of Maryland. The project has recently released interesting data on energy issues based on the poll conducted in 21 countries. According to the WorldPublicOpinion.org publication, the majority of Azerbaijanis favor alternative energy development. 64% (compared to 77% average of 21 world countries) think that solar and wind power should be promoted more strongly in the country. Increasing the energy efficiency of buildings is also favored, while opinions split on the expansion of coal/oil-fired and nuclear power plants.
Douglas North, and his relevance to Azerbaijan
Recently a post by Farid Gulyev, founder of the Azerbaijani_Studies List:
"Economist Douglass North, Nobel Prize speech 1993 'Evolution requires that society develop institutions that will permit anonymous, impersonal exchange across time and space…
Snapshots on Attitudes towards Education
Anastasia Kitiashvili used CRRC's 2004 Data Initiative to study attitudes to education. Unsurprisingly, a higher education degree is not a guarantee for employment. In Georgia, about 27% of those with higher education remain unemployed. In Azerbaijan, it is about 18% and in Armenia 17%.
Student Migration from the South Caucasus
Foreign students officially registered in Germany, 2004
Gabala Radar Station -- local health awareness
Rashida Abdullayeva examined a curious relic from Cold War days: in Gabala, Northern Azerbaijan, there is a giant radar station, which is leased out to Russia until 2012. According to reports citing the Russian Ministry of Defence the radar station has a range of up to 6000 km, was designed to detect missile launches from the Indian Ocean, and hosts around 1200 Russian servicemen.
Higher Education and Employment -- a broken link
One of the key problems in post-Soviet higher education is that it does not prepare graduates for the labor market. Studying the situation in Azerbaijan, Firdovsi Rzayev argues that one of the reasons for this is that there is no link between higher education and employers.
Unemployment in Azerbaijan: Beyond the Economic Consequences
Unemployment following the collapse of the command economies in the Caucasus has had consequences far beyond the traditional questions of income. Unemployment affects people's psychological condition and, on a more basic level, the very fabric of society.
The Dynamics of Diaspora Investment in Armenia
In the South Caucasus, the question of investment from Diaspora communities has become increasingly important. With the largest and most well developed Diaspora network, the dynamics of Diaspora investment in Armenia is of special importance.
Georgian parliamentary elections 2016 - Gender and ethnic minority representation on party lists
The results of the 2016 Parliamentary elections in Georgia reveal some interesting patterns about the representation of women and ethnic minorities in Georgian politics.
Rights Instead of Flowers
International Women's Day is celebrated on March 8th. In Georgia many women receive flowers on this day. Instead, some are asking for protection of their rights. This data highlights the situation of and attitudes towards women in Georgia, based on official statistics and public opinion research.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Home Electric Vehicles EV Charging CHAdeMO demonstrates 150 kiloWatt charge rate, may retain relevance in DC Fast Charging
CHAdeMO demonstrates 150 kiloWatt charge rate, may retain relevance in DC Fast Charging
David Herron March 31, 2017 March 31, 2017 EV Charging
While CHAdeMO had a head-start over all other DC Fast Charging systems for electric vehicles, it may be that it will lose out in the standards/market-share competition to retain relevancy. We are plagued with three (four counting the Chinese) competing DC fast charging systems, when we as electric vehicle consumers need there to be one standard. One issue is charging speed, with both the Tesla Supercharger and the Combo Charging System protocols both having announced a path to truly high speed charging. Perhaps in response, the CHAdeMO organization has announced support for higher charging power, and has staged a demonstration.
On March 24, 2017 the CHAdeMO Association approved version 1.2 of the CHAdeMO spec . The revision raised the maximum charging rate to 400 amps, raising the maximum possible charge rate to 150 kiloWatts. On March 30, the Association held a public exhibition , with the picture above coming from their announcement.
It shows a curious assortment of EV's, including a BMW i3 which outside Japan uses the Combo Charging System. And, there's a Honda vehicle, curious since Honda is doing so little work about EV's. There must be a Kia Soul EV present, since we'd seen news months ago of that car being tested against a 100 kiloWatt CHAdeMO charging station.
A couple months ago the CHAdeMO Association announced a trial of 30 kiloWatt wireless charging using the CHAdeMO protocol. It was performed by INTIS (Integrated Infrastructure Solutions GmbH), who integrated CHAdeMO with their wireless charging platform, including a system to position the vehicle over the charging plate, and detectors for foreign objects and living objects. This isn't a productized thing, but instead was a technology demonstration showing the capability of adding high power wireless charging to any vehicle with a CHAdeMO inlet.
Open the door to the Tesla Destination Charger network using these Tesla-J1772 adapters
Together these are two steps in which CHAdeMO may retain relevancy in the face of increased competition. CHAdeMO's head start means, for example, mature charging station availability with 240 certified CHAdeMO-compatible stations, with almost 14,000 stations installed in over 50 countries on five continents. Those are impressive numbers, but with the new vehicles equipped with Combo Charging System orTesla Supercharger, won't CHAdeMO be surpassed soon? Especially outside Japan? The reason I said "retain relevance" above is the observation that the CHAdeMO cannot rest on its laurels.
The benefit of moving to 150 kiloWatts is that it makes electric cars that much more useful and valuable. At that rate we'd gain over 300 miles range per hour of charging, and therefore a half-hour session would bring a 200+ mile range EV to about 80%. As Tesla Motors has proved with the 130 kiloWatt Supercharger, given sufficient infrastructure coast-to-coast (3000+ miles) electric vehicle trips are possible. (See Understanding charging rates and effective trip speed in the EV Charging Guide)
The problem will be, what company is going to invest to build a coast-to-coast CHAdeMO network that would compete against the Tesla Supercharger network. The Combo Charging System may also become irrelevant unless a company invests in building high power coast-to-coast CCS coverage.
It's Tesla Motors that had the vision to not only build a coast-to-coast charging network, but the willingness to invest in its construction. And not just in the USA, but in Europe and Australia and China and elsewhere. I've heard the CEO of ChargePoint say their team had identified the locations required to build a coast-to-coast fast charging network, but they've shown very little willingness to move forward on that plan.
Over half of the total CHAdeMO deployments are in Japan. Japan is a small place compared to North America, Europe or elsewhere. Whether CHAdeMO remains relevant outside Japan depends on not just improving the technology. Moving to 150 kW is a great step forward, but it won't make any difference unless higher powered charging stations are installed widely enough to make an impact.
By the end of the year Tesla Motors is promising to open a firehose of Tesla Model 3 deliveries. Those drivers will have continent-wide charging support in North America, Europe, Australia, China, etc. That should prove so tantalizing to electric car buyers that it'll limit sales of other EV brands. Unless, that is, there's a concerted effort to install CHAdeMO and CCS 150+ kiloWatt fast charging in a significant way. But is there any sign of such a plan? Maybe Europe has such a plan, but not here in America. We can't count on the fossil-fuel-friendly Trump Administration to get on the EV charging infrastructure bandwagon.
EU's Green Deal means Romania risks losing 40% of electricity production - January 27, 2020
Hyundai/Kia investing in Arrival to co-develop electric vehicle technology - January 16, 2020
EV charging station costs can be reduced, says Rocky Mountain Institute - January 16, 2020
GM's Hummer jaw dropping electric pickup return a sign of shifting car industry - January 13, 2020
Every plug-in vehicle has the right to access charging stations - December 28, 2019
eVgo offers CHAdeMO fast charging to Tesla owners – UPDATE - December 20, 2019
Trump intervenes to kill EV tax break extension for Tesla and GM - December 17, 2019
2012 is calling wanting its all-electric Mini Cooper SE - December 17, 2019
eVgo offering fast charging to Tesla's on non-Tesla charging station - December 15, 2019
DHL bringing electric delivery vehicle pilot project to USA - December 12, 2019
CHAdeMO, Fast Charging. Bookmark.
Reporting in from California's Distributed Energy Future
DOE Secretary Perry orders review of whether renewable energy erodes energy grid stability: Coal Versus Solar
Jason_Jungreis
I feel it hard to avoid the conclusion that CHADEMO is the Betamax of charging: it is a full-fledged, supported standard that, for one reason or another, the bulk of the manufacturing world chose to leave behind. I'm glad CHADEMO is still engaged in proving its relevancy, but CCS seems to have won out with all non-Japanese manufacturers. It is another cautionary tale in getting out too far in front.
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The Reserve Bank of India (भारतीय रिज़र्व बैंक) is India's central banking institution, which controls the monetary policy of the Indian rupee. It commenced its operations on 1 April 1935 during the British Rule in accordance with the provisions of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934. The original share capital was divided into shares of 100 each fully paid, which were initially owned entirely by private shareholders. Following India's independence on 15 August 1947, the RBI was nationalized on 1 January 1949.
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text:
Poverty of Planning: Tent City, City Hall and Toronto's New Official Plan
Published on January 22, 2003 September 22, 2012 by Administrator
By Adrian Blackwell and Kanishka Goonewardena, for Planning Action
On September 24, 2002 the Toronto media reported two events under two separate headlines. The smaller headline was about the unveiling of the new official plan of the city of Toronto. This began with news of presentations by Mayor Lastman and the director of the Planning Department as to how they were going to make Toronto the greatest and most beautiful city. It was followed by public testimony, almost all from well-groomed supporters of the plan, including the usual suspects like developers and taxpayers, as well as world famous experts like Jane Jacobs.
While that show was dragging on in City Hall, security guards hired by Home Depot, under the "supervision" of the police, were on a rampage–kicking people out of Tent City, the post-industrial no-man's-land on Toronto's waterfront that has been home for a few years to a very large concentration of homeless people. The site was legally taken over by Home Depot, who then confiscated the improvised homes and modest possessions of the homeless people. That sorry spectacle made the bigger headline, under which appeared even more infuriating stories that blamed the victims.
City Hall and Tent City
But why two headlines when both news items were really part of the same story? No one in the mainstream media bothered to note how the people evicted from Tent City stormed into City Hall that afternoon. They were looking for the real perpetrators of their eviction–those politicians and planners who were shameless in their enthusiasm for a plan catering so earnestly to the interests of developers, taxpayers and multinational corporations, at the expense of those who don't own and can't afford properties in the city. Most Torontonians did not need to be rocket scientists to see the link between what happened in City Hall and in Tent City on that day.
The very logic of urban development endorsed by the plan–the kind of city planning that is just a code name for the selling of the city to the highest bidder–created Tent City in the first place. It also forced its (former) residents into a bizarre confrontation with ecstatic fans of the plan inside City Hall. According to one eyewitness, "All of a sudden a bunch of people who looked like they weren't supposed to be there seemed to take over the Council Chambers." These were not the folks you often see rubbing shoulders with the power brokers of City Hall. Rather, they were the representatives of a large population that just didn't appear anywhere in the hyperbolic "vision" of the plan.
City planning and urban design, which are meant to create spaces for a better life for everyone, have been hijacked from the start by the powers that be. Over 100 years ago, Friedrich Engels quite correctly called planning in capitalist cities "hypocritical," explaining in his famous study of Manchester how "town planning" was really about "hiding from the eyes of wealthy ladies and gentlemen with strong stomachs and weak nerves the misery and squalor which are part and parcel of their own riches and luxury."
Not much has changed since Engels' time. The former Tent City and its vast, underutilized surroundings are imagined today by developers and planners alike not as the ideal location for social housing and other public amenities, but as a gigantic bourgeois playground and high-tech entertainment complex generously sprinkled with high-end condos–a bright, guilty place where dot.coms and related yuppies of all countries can unite!
Who Is this Plan Talking to?
What does the plan say? Whose Toronto are we talking about?
The plan takes up the task of guiding the development of Toronto over the next thirty years with a great vision for the city–one that claims to improve transit, create a more compact urban form, encourage economic growth and beautify the city. The language and the pictures of the plan are most seductive and make you want to believe. But when you look through the glossy pictures and read between the lines, you begin to see what's really going on.
The plan rests on a number of cozy assumptions. It assumes that planners will be reasonable, developers will be benevolent, architects will be brilliant and citizens will be quiet. City planning is presented as a conflict-free process in which everyone, by the grace of the "free market," is a winner.
But as Tent City folks and many others who rarely make news will tell you, planning is no win-win game. In the social struggles over space in the city, there are, sure enough, losers. They are the people altogether missing from the plan. That's why their abrupt appearance in City Hall on September 24 was both odd and apt. To deflect attention away from what the plan can't see (or, rather, what it does not want you to see), it speaks in animated tones about what it chooses to see and how it sees. It urges everyone else to see the city the same way. So it looks down upon the city through what it calls the three lenses.
The Vision of the Three Lenses
If we adopt the visionary language of the plan for a moment, what do we see through its first lens? We see downtown spaces and former industrial areas–large areas cleared for intensive development by the removal of existing planning controls (such as zoning). There is hardly a thought given to existing uses or users; in other words, it will be open season for developers to move in, build and make the best bang for their buck.
The second lens zooms in on the "Avenues." Large suburban east-west roads like Eglington, Lawrence and Finch are strategically primed for gentrification, but without offending "Not In My Backyard" (NIMBY) taxpayers. With no investment in social housing (about which the plan is mute), the intensification of development on these avenues can only displace existing businesses and residents. Businesspeople who operate small-scale or start-up companies and renters unable to afford the new luxuries promised in these hot spots will have to pack up and leave.
In the third lens we see what the plan quaintly calls "Neighborhoods," which account for 75 percent of the land area of the city. Here change is forbidden. This obviously caters to NIMBYism, which official planners hold in the same high regard with which they consider the economic wisdom of laissez-faire development. In the context of a city otherwise ruled by developers, this "neighborhood" designation (distinct from the already dense "apartment neighborhoods" where further densification is encouraged!) promises to send property values skywards.
In fact, the plan's language of lenses is deeply misleading. The lenses do not represent different ways of seeing, or distinct perspectives. They simply refer to three levels (densities) of development–high, medium and negligible. These designations serve the interests of people who own property and people who develop land. The deregulation of land use in former industrial zones, now called "employment areas," caters to powerful players in the global economy, creating "flexible enterprise zones" with publicly subsidized streets, services and spaces.
When you really look at it, then, the function of the three lenses becomes obvious–to partition the city into three distinct zones, one for each of the three dominant interest groups served by the plan: developers, taxpayers and global capitalists. It has nothing to say to anyone else. What the language of lenses obscures is therefore clear: the questionable reasons and mechanisms for favoring the interests of these powerful groups.
What Will Be the Effects of the Plan?
While the plan represents a victory for the ruling classes of Toronto and the world, some of the background documents prepared for the plan reveal traces of a struggle, even within City Hall. Toronto at the Crossroads, for example, includes a crystal clear map of the concentrations of "socially vulnerable areas" in the city. It illustrates the growing economic polarization and pockets of poverty that form a ring running through the outer suburbs and around the inner city. Any reasonable official plan aiming to build a sustainable and equitable urban life would have started with these realities–the majority of existing people in the city–rather than banking on an exodus of dot.com millionaires and other pipe dreams of the "knowledge economy."
The urgent question is this: What will happen to the various socially vulnerable groups in the city whose neighborhoods are either ignored in this plan or earmarked for gentrification?
The plan actually paves the way to remove people from strategic downtown neighborhoods, concentrating poverty in high-density suburban spaces whose reality is deliberately hidden in its three-lens vision. Complementing this violence of eviction is the alienating physical and symbolic violence constantly inflicted on individuals forced to live in these suburban spaces. These have a number of real effects.
? The physical distance between social classes protects affluent people from the violent power and frustration that economic exploitation creates.
? The physical separation prevents middle- and upper-class Torontonians from experiencing poverty firsthand, allowing them to indulge a fantasy of equality, while breeding stereotypes about people they don't have to interact with everyday.
? Separation organizes the city so that affluent people have much better access to not only luxury goods, but also to essential services like healthy food, a clean environment, healthcare, public transportation, parks, public spaces and jobs.
? Isolation atomizes the very communities that could otherwise create unified resistance to this alienating condition. One of the lasting legacies of Toronto's high-density modernist housing is that people are both concentrated and isolated from one another at the same time.
Real separation and isolation are symbolically overcome in the image of the beautiful city. The objective of urban design here is to mask beneath the spectacle of dazzling urban space the potentially explosive realities of the new amalgamated city of developers, taxpayers and global capital.
The relegation of poor populations to badly maintained suburban spaces and the constant move towards the gentrification of downtown neighborhoods is just the current manifestation of a long legacy of "progressive planning" in Toronto that was born in the early 1970s with the movement to stop the Spadina Expressway and save historic downtown neighborhoods. In the early days, lip service was paid to the construction of affordable housing, the protection of downtown industries and the maintenance of diverse populations, but by the early 1980s these explicit goals had all but disappeared. What has remained a constant since 1970 is the project of recuperating Toronto's "livable downtown" for the middle and affluent classes. The result of this planning legacy–which the new official plan continues–has been the increasing concentration of poverty in dense suburban neighborhoods.
Communities of Resistance
The new official plan packs a lot of power: the financial power of business elites, the ideological power of mainstream planning intellectuals and professionals, the coercive power of the police. But the political-economic-bureaucratic logic of the plan also has its Achilles heel–the people it dispossesses.
What Toronto really has going for it is neither the "free market" nor its global city status, but its diverse community of committed people who are unwilling to put up with theviolence of city planning–no matter how rational it seems to the "common sense" of corporate greed, professional planners and academic consultants. It has not gone unnoticed to these activists how the removal and dilution of various planning controls in the new plan (lax zoning, streamlined approval processes, restricted public consultation, behind-the-scenes maneuvering, etc.) amounts to an erosion of democracy in the planning process and a submission of urban life to the merciless logic of the "free market."
In recent years direct actions led by the Ontario Coalition Against Poverty (OCAP) and others have applied pressure on downtown neighborhoods, rudely waking up Toronto's elite from their gentrified dreams. Required as a complement to the fight against gentrification, however, are effective strategies and tactics of resistance emanating from Toronto's suburban spaces that are designed to overcome the very real isolation found in the peripheral areas of the city. A model for this kind of strategy is the Los Angeles Bus Riders Union, which was founded by dispersed riders spread throughout the Los Angeles area.
Toronto doesn't need a plan driven by corporate interests, developers and taxpayers. It does need a set of planning strategies produced by diverse communities already struggling against economic, cultural and ecological injustice that will open up spaces for people to imagine, transform and enjoy their city. This struggle for justice in the city is also one to reclaim the promise of planning for the very people whose fundamentalright to the city is violated in the new official plan.
Adrian Blackwell and Kanishka Goonewardena teach architecture, urban design and planning at the University of Toronto and are members of Planning Action (), a group of architects, planners and activists in Toronto.
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The treatment benefits of spinal manipulation for musculoskeletal injuries and conditions were contested in the early days of chiropractic. Chiropractic has been accepted for the treatment of back pain, neck pain, sciatica, joint problems, sprains, strains, osteoarthritis, herniated disks as well as for other musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries and conditions.
Is chiropractic care safe and effective for chronic pain?
Scientific evidence has suggested that spinal manipulation is a secure, mild-to-moderate pain reliever for lower back pain, neck pain and headache, and recent health care guidelines have recorded it as a viable treatment option for symptoms that don't react to self-care. Chiropractic care is now a popular form of alternative treatment.
Spinal manipulation in chiropractic medicine has developed greatly since the very first high-velocity adjustment performed by D.D. Palmer in the late 1800s. In addition, chiropractors have started to adopt various other evidence-based approaches to spine issues. Now, techniques include several other forms of chiropractic adjustments and manual manipulations, as well as low-velocity adjustments involving the hands and machines and instruments.
Modern chiropractic studies have started to concentrate more on the effectiveness of particular types of spinal manipulation, such as when specific adjustments are performed and how long they are included as a member of chiropractic therapy plans. Besides chiropractors, Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) plus some Medical Doctors (MD) and Physical Therapists (PT) additionally perform spinal adjustments and manipulations.
Concerns about the safety of manipulating the cervical spine for neck pain have been increased in regard to strokes. However, the medical literature does not substantiate that the risk increases or causes strokes, but instead suggests that the reported stroke cases were individuals who already had indications of impending stroke. The literature shows no difference in stroke incidence, regardless if someone reports that acupuncture is generally and equally as safe of a treatment for neck pain as other non invasive care, and sees a Medical Doctor or Doctor of Chiropractic.
Chiropractic health care has also grown beyond spinal manipulation to add other manual treatment such as soft-tissue mobilization and massage, instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization, the McKenzie approach to mechanical diagnosis and therapy, as well as stabilization and strength training exercise, nourishment and postural programs, along with also the incorporation of some cognitive-behavioral circumstance to treatment regimens.
The appropriateness and efficacy of some newer treatments (such as spinal decompression) used by some chiropractors are a subject of disagreement among chiropractors and others, as are some other more recent developments, including treating children with spinal manipulation and marketing chiropractic as a holistic therapy for asthma, allergies, acid reflux, digestive disorders, ear infections, colic and other ailments that are less commonly treated with spinal manipulation. It's important for patients to communicate with their healthcare specialists accordingly.
Eighteen years following its founding in the United States, acupuncture obtained its first state licensing from 1913. In the 18 years, chiropractic medicine became recognized in 39 states. Chiropractic is now recognized as a healthcare profession in not just all 50 states but the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands and several other nations. Chiropractic schools are to Canada and the United States.
Chiropractic licensing is handled on a state-by-state foundation based on specific state laws. There are now more than 60,000 licensed chiropractors in the United States, making chiropractic the third largest degree health care profession.
A 2007 survey estimated that over 18 million adults (8 percent of their U.S. adult inhabitants) and two million children (nearly 3 percent of American kids) visited a doctor. Chiropractic may be fully or partially covered by private insurance programs, and Medicare may cover manual manipulation for subluxation of the spine in certain conditions.
A 2009 evidence-based report on population, health and overall healthcare spending implied that chiropractic care of back pain and neck pain supplies greater satisfaction, superior outcomes and much more cost-effectiveness than other commonly-utilized neck and back pain treatments, which can consist of easy rest, medications, surgery and more.
This report also reviewed the scientific literature about chiropractic care, that has been noted in other findings to be at least as successful as other widely-used therapies for lower back pain and more effective (when combined with exercise) compared to other common treatments for neck pain. An additional review of scientific literature suggested that patients with psychiatric coverage as part of their insurance benefits had lower prices and reduced imaging studies, fewer hospitalizations and less surgeries than patients without chiropractic included in their insurance.
Today, chiropractors like hospital statements in many hospitals, clinic in multidisciplinary practices, work inside the Department of Defense (DoD) and Veterans Affairs (VA) systems, and cure both Medicare and Medicaid patients. The profession continues to become integrated and more mainstream.


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Stylishly rehabbed Victorian 4 bed/2 bath home on huge corner fenced lot is move-in ready and awaiting its new owner. Nearly everything is new - windows, roof, siding, porch, electric, etc. Huge white island kitchen with dark grey quartz counters and stainless steel appliances opens onto a very large and sunny dining room and connects to the spacious living room with gas-starting & wood-burning fireplace. There is a lovely foyer with an adorable wood staircase, a full bath and a cute rear porch all on the 1st floor. There are 4 good-sized bedrooms and a new marble tiled bathroom on the 2nd floor. There is a full, partially finished basement with a large family room, 5th bedroom and laundry/utility room. There is also an unfinished attic space that would make a wonderful 6th bedroom or upstairs family room. There is an amazing front porch overlooking an enormous 5,000sf landscaped yard and 1 car brick garage. Walk-to-everything location 2 blocks to Jarvis ''L'' & 4 blocks to lake!
Sparkling clean and newly painted 2BR loft condo w/ balcony overlooking landscaped courtyard. Expansive spaces, exposed brick and venting (air conditioning unit replaced 2017), light oak HW floors throughout, Sun drenched bonus LR/DR/Great room with gas vent-less fireplace and mantle, rough hewn woodwork opens to balcony with super easy sliding glass door and clerestory window above. 42" raised panel kitchen cabinets, stainless steel appliances including french-door fridge, sleek black granite counters and peninsula with pendant lighting for easy entertaining. Under mounted stainless steel sink. Slate tile bath, in unit W/D (replaced in December 2018). 2 good sized BR's w/ample closet space w/extra shelving. Great light fixtures and finishes throughout. Full size locker space right below the condo. Dedicated bicycle storing area. Near MANY shops & restaurants, Glenwood Ave Arts District (Lifeline Theatre), CTA, Red Line and Metra (18 minutes to downtown).
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Absolutely stunning condominium duplex! The impressive foyer gives way to a condo that is flooded with light! The elegant living room with tray ceiling, is warmed by a gas fireplace w custom mantle, & opens to the dining room. Love to Cook? The Chef's kitchen is a dream w cherry cabinets, incl pantry cabinet, stainless appliances, granite, breakfast bar, and lighted tray ceiling. Formal dining room w plenty of room for entertaining. 1st fl bedroom w french doors can be used for office, den, or guest room. Main floor marble bath w whirlpool. Lower level family room, king-sized master bedroom, w custom closets. King-sized 2nd bedroom too. Lower level full marble bath w shower. Heat/Air, full side/side laundry. Extra Large Storage in bsmt. Parking is included! Gorgeous! Too many details to list here. Please download 'Additional' features under additional information. Fantastic location just steps to the Metra (Think Ravinia!), few minutes to the Redline, Warren Park, Lickity Split.
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Courtesy: American Realty Team Inc.
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Q: Missing [FIN, ACK] and connection reset I have two questions, both below after the explanation of the problem.
I'm trying to develop proxy chaining support for HTTP requests using Apache's Java async HTTP client library. This is done mostly by providing some custom SchemeIOSessionStrategy classes. I'm seeing some problems with [FIN, ACK] sequences and missing connection resets when more than one proxy is configured.
The code being developed will use the Apache library exclusively if no proxies are configured. If more than one proxy is configured the custom SchemeIOSessionStrategy classes provide the setup to connect to the proxies.
To connect through a proxy, the code will open a connection to the first proxy server then issue a CONNECT request. If the proxy server is the last in the chain it will connect to the target server otherwise it will connect to the next proxy server in the chain. Once all the setup is complete the HTTP request is sent using the Apache library.
For a configuration with one proxy the following applies:
client --> proxy 1 --> HTTP server
With two proxy servers:
client --> proxy 1 --> proxy 2 --> HTTP server
The goal is to reuse connections whenever possible. When going to a particular HTTP server, the server closes the connection after some idle time. If requests are executed using the same connection, the code will go through the reconnect process.
All the HTTP requests used are the same in all scenarios. The client on both Linux and Mac OS are running the same version of Java 7.
When configured with only one proxy, everything works fine. The HTTP server sends [FIN,ACK] to the proxy. The proxy closes it's connection to the HTTP server by replying with [FIN, ACK]. The proxy then closes the connection to the HTTP client by sending [FIN, ACK]. The client responds with [FIN, ACK] and the proxy responds with ACK to complete the close.
When configured with two proxies, things get off. The HTTP server sends [FIN, ACK] to proxy 2. Proxy 2 closes it's connection to the HTTP server correctly by responding with [FIN, ACK]. Proxy 2 then sends [FIN, ACK] to proxy 1, which correctly closes the connection to proxy 2 by replying with [FIN, ACK]. Proxy 1 then sends [FIN, ACK] to the HTTP client. The HTTP client responds with ACK but never sends FIN. This occurs if the client is running on Linux or Mac OS.
My first question is why might the client not send the closing [FIN, ACK] to proxy1? I can't find any pending writes or other data that I could find.
If a request is then attempted using the same connection, proxy 1 sends a RST response indicating the connection is not usable. If the client is running on Mac OS, this results in the client getting a connection reset exception. Reconnect is successful after this and the request is processed.
If the client is running on Linux, the client never gets the connection reset exception and the client hangs on a Channel.read().
My second question, is why would Linux not present the client with the connection reset exception.
Currently testing on HTTP proxies, the connection to the proxies is as follows:
    HttpRequest request = null;

    String uri = _proxyHost.getTargetHost().getHostName() + ":" + _proxyHost.getTargetHost().getPort();
    ProtocolVersion protocolVersion = new ProtocolVersion("HTTP", 1, 0);
    request = new BasicHttpRequest("CONNECT", uri, protocolVersion);

    if ((_proxyHost.getPrincipal() != null) && !_proxyHost.getPrincipal().isEmpty()) {
        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(_proxyHost.getPrincipal());

        if ((_proxyHost.getCredentials() != null) && !_proxyHost.getCredentials().isEmpty()) {
            builder.append(":");
            builder.append(_proxyHost.getCredentials());
        }

        String encodedAuthString = DatatypeConverter.printBase64Binary(builder.toString().getBytes("UTF-8"));
        request.addHeader("Proxy-Authorization", "Basic " + encodedAuthString);
    }

    request.addHeader("Pragma", "No-Cache");
    request.addHeader("Proxy-Connection", "Keep-Alive");
    request.addHeader("Connection", "Keep-Alive");

To write the connect request:
    StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
    RequestLine requestLine = request.getRequestLine();

    builder.append(requestLine.getMethod());
    builder.append(" ");
    builder.append(requestLine.getUri());
    builder.append(" ");
    builder.append(requestLine.getProtocolVersion().toString());
    builder.append(CRLF);

    for (Header header : request.getAllHeaders()) {
        builder.append(header.toString());
        builder.append(CRLF);
    }

    builder.append(CRLF);

    ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(builder.toString().getBytes());
    ioSession.channel().write(byteBuffer);

The response is ready using ioSession.channel().read(). ioSession is an org.apache.http.nio.reactor.IOSession object.
Since it's an HTTP proxy reads are handled by ioSession.channel().read(dst) and writes by ioSession.channel().write(src).
To execute a request:
        HttpAsyncClientBuilder builder = HttpAsyncClients.custom().setRedirectStrategy(new LaxRedirectStrategy());
        ConnectingIOReactor ioReactor = IOReactorFactory.getInstance().createConnectingReactor();
        Registry<SchemeIOSessionStrategy> registry = generateRegistry(config);

        builder.setConnectionManager(new PoolingNHttpClientConnectionManager(ioReactor, registry));

        if (config.getProxy() != null) {
            proxyHost = new ProxyHost(config.getProxy());
            builder.setProxy(proxyHost);
        }

        CloseableHttpAsyncClient client = builder.build();
        client.start();

    RequestConfig.Builder configBuilder = RequestConfig.custom();
    configBuilder.setRedirectsEnabled(true);
    requestBuilder.setConfig(configBuilder.build());

    client.execute(requestBuilder.build(), context, handler);

The client gets hung with the following stack trace:
Thread 15996: (state = IN_NATIVE)
 - sun.nio.ch.FileDispatcherImpl.read0(java.io.FileDescriptor, long, int) @bci=0 (Compiled frame; information may be imprecise)
 - sun.nio.ch.SocketDispatcher.read(java.io.FileDescriptor, long, int) @bci=4 (Compiled frame)
 - sun.nio.ch.IOUtil.readIntoNativeBuffer(java.io.FileDescriptor, java.nio.ByteBuffer, long, sun.nio.ch.NativeDispatcher) @bci=114 (Compiled frame)
 - sun.nio.ch.IOUtil.read(java.io.FileDescriptor, java.nio.ByteBuffer, long, sun.nio.ch.NativeDispatcher) @bci=48 (Compiled frame)
 - sun.nio.ch.SocketChannelImpl.read(java.nio.ByteBuffer) @bci=234 (Compiled frame)
 - com.....io.proxy.impl.PassThroughChannel.read(java.nio.ByteBuffer, java.nio.channels.ByteChannel) @bci=28, line=42 (Compiled frame)
 - com.....io.proxy.impl.HttpProxyIOSession$HttpProxyInternalByteChannel.read(java.nio.ByteBuffer) @bci=105, line=220 (Compiled frame)
 - org.apache.http.impl.nio.reactor.SessionInputBufferImpl.fill(java.nio.channels.ReadableByteChannel) @bci=30, line=164 (Compiled frame)
 - org.apache.http.impl.nio.codecs.AbstractMessageParser.fillBuffer(java.nio.channels.ReadableByteChannel) @bci=5, line=136 (Compiled frame)
 - org.apache.http.impl.nio.DefaultNHttpClientConnection.consumeInput(org.apache.http.nio.NHttpClientEventHandler) @bci=38, line=241 (Compiled frame)
 - org.apache.http.impl.nio.client.InternalIODispatch.onInputReady(org.apache.http.impl.nio.DefaultNHttpClientConnection) @bci=5, line=73 (Compiled frame)
 - org.apache.http.impl.nio.client.InternalIODispatch.onInputReady(java.lang.Object) @bci=5, line=37 (Compiled frame)
 - org.apache.http.impl.nio.reactor.AbstractIODispatch.inputReady(org.apache.http.nio.reactor.IOSession) @bci=32, line=113 (Compiled frame)
 - org.apache.http.impl.nio.reactor.BaseIOReactor.readable(java.nio.channels.SelectionKey) @bci=11, line=159 (Compiled frame)
 - org.apache.http.impl.nio.reactor.AbstractIOReactor.processEvent(java.nio.channels.SelectionKey) @bci=45, line=338 (Compiled frame)
 - org.apache.http.impl.nio.reactor.AbstractIOReactor.processEvents(java.util.Set) @bci=28, line=316 (Compiled frame)
 - org.apache.http.impl.nio.reactor.AbstractIOReactor.execute() @bci=80, line=277 (Compiled frame)
 - org.apache.http.impl.nio.reactor.BaseIOReactor.execute(org.apache.http.nio.reactor.IOEventDispatch) @bci=13, line=105 (Interpreted frame)
 - org.apache.http.impl.nio.reactor.AbstractMultiworkerIOReactor$Worker.run() @bci=8, line=584 (Interpreted frame)
 - java.lang.Thread.run() @bci=11 (Interpreted frame)

A:
My first question is why might the client not send the closing [FIN, ACK] to proxy1? I can't find any pending writes or other data that I could find.

If the client has received a FIN from the peer and hasn't sent one, the client port will be in the CLOSE-WAIT state, waiting for the client-local application to close its socket. The client is probably still attempting connection-pooling and will discover the close next time it goes to use that connection.
Why this is different with different numbers of proxies in the chain is a mystery, unless it affects the Connection: header somehow. Maybe the Apache library sends one?

If the client is running on Linux, the client never gets the connection reset exception and the client hangs on a Channel.read(). My second question, is why would Linux not present the client with the connection reset exception.

Pass. Are you sure the client received the RST?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


On Boxing Day 1917 he had his third accident. The details of this are not on record other than that he had again suffered bad cuts to his face. These were probably the result of at least another heavy landing. But like the other accidents it had been in an old trainer aircraft that ended up as another write off.
Imagine the courage it took to overcome the trauma of the previous two accidents to go up yet again in an aeroplane that was probably on its last legs anyway. A machine that had been used and abused by uncounted other trainee pilots before him…a flimsy thing made of canvas, dope, wood, wire, rubber carrying a hot metal engine and fuelled by petrol …a potential fire ball if ever there was one and armed with live ammunition as well. This time he must have flown from the RFC aerodrome near Market Drayton…..his papers show he paid a mess bill there shortly after. This was a strange irony for reasons that become apparent almost 86 years later. The mess bill was evidence of his survival and his posting to Ayr in Scotland for yet more training before the hoped for posting to the Western Front.
Sydney travelled down to Stonyhurst College in Lancashire early in March to visit his old school. He had gone there also to meet his brother Frank who was then on leave from his Battalion ( 43 rd Battalion Australian Imperial Force) and service in France. At any rate the visit must have been good for Sydney's morale and self esteem. He would have appeared to the school boys at the time like a demi-god….someone who was not only serving in the armed forces, but who had actually succeeded in becoming a fighter pilot and entitled to the coveted wings of the AFC. One can imagine his being able to tell those young school boys about his time and the adventures he was having…they must have hung on his every word. There is more definite evidence of his seeing some of his old school masters, strong in their Jesuit faith and willing to provide him with words of encouragement and solace. It is highly likely that he would have returned to his duties in Scotland with a stronger sense of purpose and, perhaps, renewed confidence in his own abilities to deal with whatever he would have to face.
All this time of course his mother and sister were in faraway Adelaide South Australia. His father, was still in Hong Kong, as Head master of Queen's College and as Acting Director of Education, and Chief Censor; separated by war and family circumstances not only from both his two sons but also his wife and daughter. The separation was aggravated not only by distance, but also the slow, imperfect communications of those early days of the primitive telephone and telegraph.
On Wednesday the 6 March Sydney wrote to Frank from the RFC mess at Wellington House, in Ayr Scotland….
It was a pity that we could not see more of each other at Stonyhurst. I was wanted back here because of the probability of being required overseas. I am liable to come over any day though I expect to be here for a few weeks.
I was up this morning …we do nothing but stunts…I was looping, spinning, rolling doing every stunt which I know well.
I hope that you had a real good time in London before going back to France.
As soon as I come over I shall try to dig you up – you can be sure of that.
Your 'Times" should be renewed from June 14 th . Renew it from June 1 st just to be sure. Just send a cheque or detail the bank to send them 6/6 ( Six shillings and sixpence).
Let me know whether I can do or send out anything for you. Best of luck in the trenches and I do hope you win a stripe or two in the future or better still get across to a school.
I have had no letter from Australia for ages.
This place is full of Yanks learning to fly.
I have discovered the Catholic Church today and have tea'd with the padre.
The next day Sydney continued his course in Aerial Fighting. This time he was flying a Sopwith Camel aeroplane. It was afternoon on an early spring day. Presumably he was practicing the usual "stunts", but this time the plane went into a spin from which it never recovered. It nose-dived and violently crashed into the ground, breaking Syd's neck, killing him instantaneously.
"We had hopes of flying together in France. We met just a week or so before he left for Ayr and we saw a lot of each other. He was awfully good to me when I first arrived and we stuck together quite a lot during that short period.
He had gained his wings in record time (6 weeks) and was a very good pilot, although his previous severe crashes, I could see, had told on him a good deal."
Quite so….. it is hard to imagine how much the earlier crashes had affected Sydney. It is even harder to imagine what it must have cost him to go up again in those over used training machines to practice what inevitably would expose him to further immediate risk and later to the even greater risks of real aerial combat. Whatever the cost, he nevertheless determined to accept those risks and in his courage and in his loneliness he faced the inevitable and final conclusion on that fateful afternoon.
" Leaf from Syd's grave picked by me June 28 th 1919. AMD"
Gran must have been told of the death of her youngest son by one of those awful official telegrams a few days afterwards. In far away Adelaide it was a dreadful shock especially as it would have been coupled with the sense of frustration and helplessness in the face of the distances, the total impracticality of being able to travel in those troubled times and the horrid finality. Nothing she could have done would ever have brought back to vibrant life her so promising younger son.
It was left to his brother L/Cpl Frank Dealy, more distant relatives, school people, and relative strangers to see to Syd's funeral and to his burial at his old school. His grave is still there by the chapel as a mute testament to one of the millions of lives brought to a premature end or worse still - blighted by senseless war.
His grave-stone is also engraved as a memorial to his brother Frank. Frank, also a member of the Australian Imperial Force, was sadly another, but later casualty of war. He too was a former member of Stonyhurst College. His grave is on the Somme in France where he fell in August 1918.
To the trembling beat of tireless drums.
To welcome their hero-child inside.
For the one that we lov'd has come back to us dead.
Lt .Sydney Thomas Ough Dealy was just 21 years old.
" I have had no letters from Australia for ages…."
The first photograph is a stylised portrait in the old fashioned manner typical of the days of a young photography. It shows a good-looking young man wearing the uniform of an airman. The face is undamaged by time or worry, there is no evidence of harsh experience. The expression is serious, of untroubled self-confidence, a comfortable life in the bosom of a family wanting for no material things. It is the face of a boy-man who has experienced success at school and at university; in the classroom and on the sports field and is now entering a man's world in which he has as yet still only experienced the steps leading to acceptance to the much sought after but very new Australian Royal Flying Corps (RFC).
There is even a touch of arrogance about the face. The arrogance born of the time spent in a British Colony in a family of the ruling sort; and later in a top exclusive and expensive school for young Catholics in the North of England; and later still in a university of the young Commonwealth of Australia. This young man is obviously on the threshold of life where adventure beckons in the name of duty to country, family and God.
The second photograph was taken only some few months later. The face under the forage cap has the same elegant cast of features, but is marred by a medical dressing by the left eye. There is still a smile but one that is less sure, less certain. It is now a younger more vulnerable face reflecting the harsh reality of life experienced recently at first hand. There is something about the expression that indicates anticipation of a sequel as yet unknown, but possibly close at hand, yet still hopeful of a realisation of original ambitions to serve gloriously for the country in the new air service. But the man-boy's body in the photograph says more. The plaster by his left eye and the left arm in a sling show that Sydney has been badly hurt and, whilst recovering, does not want more injury. But there is resignation in the eyes that duty still calls and must be answered with as much courage as can be mustered from a battered body and wounded mind.
As he made his approach to land he turned downwind. But the aeroplane was nose heavy and it dropped "like a stone" when he turned. "I could not lift the nose…."
The machine hit the ground at 105 miles an hour and lost its undercarriage on the first impact. It then somersaulted three times. By an incredible stroke of good fortune there was no fire. " I was left upside down in what was left of the cockpit amidst twisted wreckage and could not get out because of my safety harness and my injuries." He had broken his left arm/hand in three places and had badly cut his face, again suffering shock. He was admitted to Oak Park Carlow Hospital in Ireland for subsequent convalescent leave where the second photo must have been taken. It shows him still with his arm in a sling and hobbling around with the aid of a walking stick. He left the convalescent home early in December when he wrote home to Australia to say that he was now "OK again and flying as well as ever".
Why the difference? Well it is ashort story quickly told.Sydney was accepted for training as a pilot in June 1917 with the Australian Flying Corps. He transferred from the 48 th Battalion of the Australian Imperial Forces in July to become a cadet at the Royal Flying Corps Training Squadron near Oxford. Two months later he was commissioned into the AFC after completing his basic training as a pilot at the end of September 1917 at the Central Flying School in Up Avon Wiltshire. He was then posted to an RFC unit in Lincolnshire for advanced training.
On October 10 th he suffered his first accident crashing an old De Havilland 4 Biplane. Details of the crash are sparse, but the machine was a write off and he suffered shock and a leg injury.
On 17 October he went up again in a single-seater De Havilland 5 Tractor Scout aeroplane. His photograph was taken just before take off in a machine that he described as "the scrap heap that nearly killed me". The aircraft was typical of the primitive designs of those days………slow, a brute to fly, nose heavy and prone to spinning after a stall. The backward stagger of the upper wings of this biplane was an ugly feature and probably contributed to its instability at low speeds. As a trainer machine it probably had logged many hours and was indifferently maintained (1917 was the penultimate year of a long war and the AFC was a new service still finding its way). To call it a scrap heap was probably an understatement.