text:
The Importance of Staying Curious: A Conversation with Portishead's Adrian Utley
Staying curious is what has kept Portishead's Adrian Utley making music for almost three decades. Joe Zadeh finds out more.
Words and interview by Joe Zadeh
I still remember the first time I heard Portishead – the iconic Bristol band of which Adrian Utley has been a multi-instrumentalist and co-producer/writer since 1991. I was 7 years old and my bald uncle (Anthony, not Colin or Andrew – I have three bald uncles) was sleeping on the sofa in our living room. He'd lost his job on the chemical plant in Middlesbrough, and moved in with us, bringing all his stuff with him. 'All his stuff' comprised of two stuffed bin bags, a bottle of Davidoff, and mountains upon mountains upon mountains upon mountains of vinyl records. I was amazed by it; everyone else was disgusted.
Each morning, while he lay red-faced and snoring on the sofa, I'd scan through his collection to find the most visually appealing cover, then I'd wake him up, and ask him to play it for me. Through this method I discovered Spiders by Space, Parklife by Blur, and Mr Blobby by Mr Blobby. One morning, I was struck by the velvet blue artwork of Portishead's Dummy. It didn't look that amazing, but the idea of a record called Dummy – one of the most brutal and destructive words in my 7 year old vocabulary – seemed both hilarious and pretty much illegal. He placed the record on the spindle, and skipped the needle to track seven ("Numb"). I don't remember my exact thoughts, but I know it sounded like a mad concoction of everything that then amazed me in the world: outer space, underwater, the paranormal, the life of adults. It was like the lights in my imagination had flickered on, revealing to me that my mind was actually maybe a warehouse and not just a box in a closet under the stairs.
All of this is to say that – both in Portishead and in all of his other projects over the last forty plus years – Adrian Utley is a true genius of using music to convey thoughts, images, moods and emotions, in ways that are often hard to describe. People know this, and that's why everyone from every genre wants to work with him. He's been a long time collaborator for Goldfrapp, recorded with Marilyn Manson, made music with Patti Smith and PJ Harvey, and created sonic soundscapes for the National Trust, so people can enjoy music as they wander through the woods of Croft Castle in Herefordshire. This year alone he was the producer on the critically acclaimed new album from Algiers, The Underside of Power (a thunderous and experimental fusion of punk and gospel), has recorded synths for 4AD signed musician Torres, and played synth for Anna Calvi.
Now, he has joined Nadine Shah to become one of five ambassadors for Independent Venue Week 2018. As a seasoned veteran of the music industry, he has a deep emotional connection to the music venues and pubs up and down the country, which he cut his teeth in and built the foundations of his diverse career. In the following conversation, I caught up with Utley to discuss mood music, song writing retreats, and the importance of independent venues.
Hi, Adrian. You've been making music at an alarming rate for nearly four decades now. Is creating even a conscious decision anymore? Or is it just some invisible thrust that propels you on?
I can't think in any other way. It has always been a natural thing for me to make music, ever since I was at art school. If you've got a passion for something, it naturally drives you.
I actually said to my girlfriend the other day, 'If I didn't do music what would I do?' – because I recently injured my back and my hand didn't work for 3 months. After 42 years of playing, I suddenly had to think 'My god, what do I do if I can't play?' Luckily, I'm getting it sorted out.
Tell me about the role independent venues played for you in those 42 years.
They are something we need in our lives as musicians, and they are slowly being eroded. My early life, from 18 to 35, was taken up entirely by playing these places. They were a training ground – essential to our development and finances – and also a community where you would meet other bands. It was my life.
What was special about that life?
Well, it was just so exciting to rock up at a pub or a venue, with my guitar and my amp, and play to people. It was a massive buzz. The miles of travelling, the hellish shitty service stations, the pissing rain, the cold venues, the fact you've smoked too many fags, and drank too much the night before – all of that stuff I could do without. But the buzz of playing and making music with people in that setting was priceless. To go from that to playing 30,000 later in your life, it was fine because you'd already done 15 years of hammering it around the circuit of Europe's small venues. I can't even imagine playing those gigs if I hadn't done all that before.
After all this time, how do you tap into making music that still excites you?
I never stop finding things that excite me. I am perpetually looking for things. I love what I do, and though it's my way of making a living, it's also my absolute passion. Playing the guitar, listening to music, learning music, talking about music – the learning will never ever stop for me.
So your curiosity drives you?
Yes, and I'm always looking forward. When people introduce me to something new, it opens up to me. Recently, somebody sent me some links to some Irish music. So, I went on a journey through YouTube of traditional Irish fiddle players, into traditional old school singers. Another day I might be investigating extreme classical electronic music and that takes me on a journey of learning. So, it's never ending for me.
A lot of your music is about creating a mood or atmosphere. Do you always know the feeling you want to evoke before you start writing?
It's a vibe straight away, but it can change as you develop the idea. I wouldn't consider myself to be a songwriter (more of a writer of instrumental music), but I did a songwriting retreat recently with loads of really good songwriters. I found it really interesting and also painful. You were paired up with some quite prolific songwriters. It was nerve-wracking, but everyone seemed to feel that way. We would discuss lyrics and atmosphere, starting with the mindset of the lyrics and the story, and then let it reflect into the notes. By the end of the day, you'd gone from absolutely nothing – working with somebody you'd never met – to making a song. It was just about being together as musicians, and writing with people you don't know.
What was that in aid of?
The retreat was run by a woman called Kathryn Williams, who is a great singer and songwriter. She organises these for no reason other than to just do it. She gets a bunch of people who make music for a living, mainly songwriters and instrumentalists, puts us together, and each day you get paired with a different person at breakfast. One day I was put with Graham Fellows aka John Shuttleworth, a comedy writer who makes up crazy songs, which was extremely out there, but very good.
I've seen a few videos of you surrounded by machines at home, exploring all the synths and modulators you've acquired over the years. Are they part of your inspiration process?
Everything I have has a purpose. I know what it will do, but I don't know entirely what it will do, so that's where the exploration comes in. They always surprise me. It's not just electronic stuff; there are all sorts of instruments in there. I have an extensive collection of drums even though I don't play drums. When people come round I get them to use my drums, so that I can get the sound I want from them. I produced a band recently with a fantastic live drummer, but he hit so hard that in the studio it was deafening, so I got him to use some of my drum kits which were a little more subtle.
I just finished a feature film, writing and mixing with Will from Goldfrapp. It's produced with the BFI, and will be called 'Arcadia'. And I've just finished mixing another film we did called The Passion of Joan of Arc. We did it about five years ago, but we just recorded it live at Wells Cathedral and at The Globe in London. That's coming out on DVD. Then I'm doing a thing about minimalist music for BBC4, looking at Terry Riley, Steve Reich, and other people.
Are you being quite drawn over to the film score world?
Yeah, I am a bit. Although I wouldn't want to do it all the time. Just like I wouldn't want to produce bands all the time. Balance is good, if you have the opportunity. A little bit of playing, a little producing, a little writing. I need to do a bit more live playing now, although I certainly wouldn't want to slog round the circuit so much anymore. I'd find it too exhausting. But I have got a guitar quartet I'd love to take to small venues. There are good experimental things you can do now, like pop up shows; go somewhere and play for 15 minutes then leave. I'm still coming up with ideas, but I want to play something other than just sitting in a concert room.
I guess the shorter our attention spans get in the digital age, the more likely we are to love a 15 minute show
It's interesting to hear you say that. We say there's no attention span, but then you look at one of the biggest TV shows in the world, Breaking Bad, and there are 90 episodes of an hour long each. So in some respects we haven't really got low attention span, but then in others we really do. In culture, we seem to have a juxtaposition of things that are really fast, and things that are incredibly long at the moment. It's a funny world we live in.
You can listen to Adrian's specially curated playlist for Independent Venue Week below
Post Tags:	#featured
Widening our peripheries: A Conversation about empathy with Nadine Shah
The Wednesday Gig Guide
It's Wednesday. Meaning everything is fully in gear, and Independent Venue Week is firmly on the road. Here's the list of gigs happening this evening.
The Friday Gig Guide
It's been amazing, but it's not over yet. Today's gig guide is up, and it's an absolute corker with a huge amount of variety of artists across the country.
#IVWTake5 SOAK chats with Pillow Queens
#IVWTake5 will see two people sharing their thoughts and experiences of their life in music from early gig going in venues, shows they've loved, venues that mean a great deal to them and more widely how music has been such a positive influence in their lives. This ninth edition features last week's guest SOAK having…
Meet some of the bands playing this year's Independent Venue Week


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text:
'use strict';

/* global it */

var chai = require('chai');
var assert = chai.assert;
var speakeasy = require('..');

/*
 * Tests originally from the notp module with specific changes and bugfixes for
 * Speakeasy: https://github.com/guyht/notp
 *
 * Test HOTtoken.  Uses test values from RFcounter 4226
 *
 *
 *    The following test data uses the AScounterII string
 *    "12345678901234567890" for the secret:
 *
 * Secret = 0x3132333435363738393031323334353637383930
 *
 * Table 1 details for each count, the intermediate HMAcounter value.
 *
 * counterount    Hexadecimal HMAcounter-SHA-1(secret, count)
 * 0        cc93cf18508d94934c64b65d8ba7667fb7cde4b0
 * 1        75a48a19d4cbe100644e8ac1397eea747a2d33ab
 * 2        0bacb7fa082fef30782211938bc1c5e70416ff44
 * 3        66c28227d03a2d5529262ff016a1e6ef76557ece
 * 4        a904c900a64b35909874b33e61c5938a8e15ed1c
 * 5        a37e783d7b7233c083d4f62926c7a25f238d0316
 * 6        bc9cd28561042c83f219324d3c607256c03272ae
 * 7        a4fb960c0bc06e1eabb804e5b397cdc4b45596fa
 * 8        1b3c89f65e6c9e883012052823443f048b4332db
 * 9        1637409809a679dc698207310c8c7fc07290d9e5
 *
 * Table 2 details for each count the truncated values (both in
 * hexadecimal and decimal) and then the HOTtoken value.
 *
 *                   Truncated
 * counterount    Hexadecimal    Decimal        HOTtoken
 * 0        4c93cf18       1284755224     755224
 * 1        41397eea       1094287082     287082
 * 2         82fef30        137359152     359152
 * 3        66ef7655       1726969429     969429
 * 4        61c5938a       1640338314     338314
 * 5        33c083d4        868254676     254676
 * 6        7256c032       1918287922     287922
 * 7         4e5b397         82162583     162583
 * 8        2823443f        673399871     399871
 * 9        2679dc69        645520489     520489
 *
 *
 * see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4226
 */

it('HOTP', function () {
  var options = {
    secret: '12345678901234567890',
    window: 0
  };
  var HOTP = ['755224', '287082', '359152', '969429', '338314', '254676', '287922', '162583', '399871', '520489'];

  // make sure we can not pass in opt
  options.token = 'WILL NOT PASS';
  speakeasy.hotp.verify(options);

  // check for invalid token value in verifyDelta
  options.token = 'NOPASS';
  assert.ok(!speakeasy.hotp.verifyDelta(options), 'Should not pass');

  // countercheck for failure
  options.counter = 0;
  assert.ok(!speakeasy.hotp.verify(options), 'Should not pass');

  // countercheck for passes
  for (var i = 0; i < HOTP.length; i++) {
    options.counter = i;
    options.token = HOTP[i];

    var res = speakeasy.hotp.verifyDelta(options);

    assert.ok(res, 'Should pass');
    assert.equal(res.delta, 0, 'Should be in sync');

    res = speakeasy.hotp.verify(options);

    assert.ok(res, 'Should pass');
  }
});

/*
 * Test TOTtoken using test vectors from TOTtoken RFcounter.
 *
 * see http://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-mraihi-totp-timebased-06.txt
 */

it('TOTtoken', function () {
  var options = {
    secret: '12345678901234567890',
    window: 0
  };

  // countercheck for failure
  options.time = 0;
  options.token = 'windowILLNOTtokenASS';
  assert.ok(!speakeasy.totp.verify(options), 'Should not pass');

  // countercheck for failure
  options.time = 0;
  options.token = 'windowILLNOTtokenASS';
  assert.ok(!speakeasy.totp.verifyDelta(options), 'Should not pass');

  // countercheck for test vector at 59s with verifyDelta
  options.time = 59;
  options.token = '287082';
  var res = speakeasy.totp.verifyDelta(options);
  assert.ok(res, 'Should pass');
  assert.equal(res.delta, 0, 'Should be in sync');

  // countercheck for test vector at 59s with verify
  res = speakeasy.totp.verify(options);
  assert.ok(res, 'Should pass');

  // countercheck for test vector at 1234567890 with delta
  options.time = 1234567890;
  options.token = '005924';
  res = speakeasy.totp.verifyDelta(options);
  assert.ok(res, 'Should pass');
  assert.equal(res.delta, 0, 'Should be in sync');

  // countercheck for test vector at 1234567890 with verify
  res = speakeasy.totp.verify(options);
  assert.ok(res, 'Should pass');

  // countercheck for test vector at 1111111109 with delta
  options.time = 1111111109;
  options.token = '081804';
  res = speakeasy.totp.verifyDelta(options);
  assert.ok(res, 'Should pass');
  assert.equal(res.delta, 0, 'Should be in sync');

  // countercheck for test vector at 1111111109 with verify
  res = speakeasy.totp.verify(options);
  assert.ok(res, 'Should pass');

  // countercheck for test vector at 2000000000 with delta
  options.time = 2000000000;
  options.token = '279037';
  res = speakeasy.totp.verifyDelta(options);
  assert.ok(res, 'Should pass');
  assert.equal(res.delta, 0, 'Should be in sync');

  // countercheck for test vector at 2000000000 with verify
  res = speakeasy.totp.verify(options);
  assert.ok(res, 'Should pass');

  // countercheck for test vector at 1234567890 with custom counter with delta
  options.token = '005924';
  options.counter = 41152263;
  res = speakeasy.totp.verifyDelta(options);
  assert.ok(res, 'Should pass');
  assert.equal(res.delta, 0, 'Should be in sync');

  // countercheck for test vector at 1234567890 with verify
  res = speakeasy.totp.verify(options);
  assert.ok(res, 'Should pass');
});

/*
 * countercheck for codes that are out of sync
 * window are going to use a value of counter = 1 and test against
 * a code for counter = 9
 */

it('HOTPOutOfSync', function () {
  /*
   * for secret 12345678901234567890:
   * 755224 = counter 0
   * 287082 = counter 1
   * 520489 = counter 8
   */

  var options = {
    secret: '12345678901234567890',
    token: '520489',
    counter: 1
  };

  // countercheck that the test should fail for window < 8
  options.window = 7;
  assert.ok(!speakeasy.hotp.verify(options), 'Should not pass for value of window < 8');

  // countercheck that the test should pass for window >= 9
  options.window = 8;
  assert.ok(speakeasy.hotp.verify(options), 'Should pass for value of window >= 9');

  // countercheck that test should not pass for tokens behind the current counter
  // 755224 is counter 0, and unlike notp (which has a two-sided window),
  // Speakeasy will only allow a one-sided window, so counter = 7 and window = 8
  // will not look at counter 0.
  options.token = '755224';
  options.counter = 7;
  options.window = 8;
  assert.notOk(speakeasy.hotp.verify(options), 'Should not pass for tokens behind the current counter');
});

/*
 * countercheck for codes that are out of sync
 * windowe are going to use a value of T = 1999999909 (91s behind 2000000000)
 */

it('TOTPOutOfSync', function () {
  var options = {
    secret: '12345678901234567890',
    token: '279037',
    time: 1999999909
  };

  // countercheck that the test should fail for window < 2
  options.window = 2;
  assert.ok(!speakeasy.totp.verify(options), 'Should not pass for value of window < 3');

  // countercheck that the test should pass for window >= 3
  options.window = 3;
  assert.ok(speakeasy.totp.verify(options), 'Should pass for value of window >= 3');
});

it('hotp_gen', function () {
  var options = {
    secret: '12345678901234567890',
    counter: 0,
    window: 0
  };

  var HOTP = ['755224', '287082', '359152', '969429', '338314', '254676', '287922', '162583', '399871', '520489'];

  // make sure we can not pass in opt
  speakeasy.hotp(options);

  // countercheck for passes
  for (var i = 0; i < HOTP.length; i++) {
    options.counter = i;
    assert.equal(speakeasy.hotp(options), HOTP[i], 'HOTP value should be correct');
  }
});

it('totp_gen', function () {
  var options = {
    secret: '12345678901234567890',
    window: 0
  };

  // make sure we can not pass in opt
  speakeasy.totp(options);

  // countercheck for test vector at 59s
  options.time = 59;
  assert.equal(speakeasy.totp(options), '287082', 'TOTtoken values should match');

  // countercheck for test vector at 1234567890
  options.time = 1234567890;
  assert.equal(speakeasy.totp(options), '005924', 'TOTtoken values should match');

  // countercheck for test vector at 1111111109
  options.time = 1111111109;
  assert.equal(speakeasy.totp(options), '081804', 'TOTtoken values should match');

  // countercheck for test vector at 2000000000
  options.time = 2000000000;
  assert.equal(speakeasy.totp(options), '279037', 'TOTtoken values should match');
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
DII defeats campus visit, membership expansion measures
By David Pickle
Division II delegates approved 10 legislative proposals at their business session Saturday.
Delegates defeated three proposals, including one that would have deregulated campus recruiting visits and another that would have expanded an international membership pilot to Mexican institutions.
Officials from the Lone Star Conference say they will continue to discuss possible membership with institutions in Mexico to determine if concerns on both sides of the border can be satisfactorily addressed.
Division II found itself in an unusual position at the conclusion of the 2013 Convention with attention focusing more on what delegates did not approve more than on what they did.
Delegates on Saturday considered a 13-proposal package and approved 10 legislative items. But the three proposals that were defeated all were sponsored by the NCAA Presidents Council, and two of them had generated significant pre-Convention discussion.
Specifically, the delegates voted down Proposal Nos. 2013-7 (deregulation of campus recruiting visits), 2013-9 (expansion of an international member pilot program to Mexico) and 2013-11 (submission of a transcript to the NCAA Eligibility Center before signing a National Letter of Intent).
The defeat of No. 2013-7 appeared to hinge entirely on a provision that would have eliminated a 48-hour restriction on campus visits. Proponents for the proposal argued that removing the restriction would ease burden for rules compliance staffs without significant adverse effects.
Initial debate on the proposal was brief, with only Lincoln (Pa.) Senior Woman Administrator Natashia Wilson speaking in opposition. "Amending the length of the 48-hour restriction would provide a recruiting advantage to those institutions with more financial resources," she said.
The vote originally passed by a count of 141-139-1, but it was brought back during the window of reconsideration about an hour later.
This time, the debate opened up, with opposition becoming more vocal.
Dan Mara, commissioner of the Central Atlantic Collegiate Conference, said the proposal "would tilt the level playing field."
Bob Boerigter, commissioner of the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association and incoming chair of the Management Council, countered that the proposal was consistent with recent shifts in recruiting philosophy. "Many expressed similar concerns with the recruiting proposals that were approved in 2012 (deregulating modes of recruiting communication), but the feedback on those changes has been positive."
However, others expressed concern about how the rule could be exploited.
Alaska Anchorage Associate Athletics Director Dede Allen endorsed the proposal, claiming that recruits to her institution could benefit from rest after the lengthy travel. Pacific West Conference Commissioner Bob Hogue said his institutions were just as geographically challenged and they opposed removal of the restriction.
SAAC chair Hilary Cox of North Georgia noted her committee's support for the proposal, but West Chester AD Ed Matejkovic said his campus SAAC opposed the provision.
The question was finally called and the proposal failed, 102-160-2.
Boerigter said the resistance to the proposal almost certainly had to do with elimination of the 48-hour restriction.
"Based on the comments and the way the vote shifted, the membership wanted to divide that issue," he said. "And so I think we're going to see the thing come back next year under a divided issue and they'll vote on it under that premise."
The vote on No. 2013-9 to extend the international member pilot program to Mexico was equally close, failing 133-137 with 14 abstentions. There was no debate on the matter, with the only discussion being movement of the proposal and a subsequent Presidents Council endorsement.
"There's been a lot of stuff about Mexico in the news and I think some people were uneasy about that," said Boerigter. "But we have so many schools in the continental United States that want to become members of Division II, and maybe that was part of it right there."
He added that the vote "was disappointing for the Lone Star Conference," which was exploring options with institutions in northern Mexico.
Lone Star Conference officials were in fact disappointed.
"There really wasn't that much discussion on the floor so it's kind of hard to understand what the logic was in voting no," said Pat O'Brien, Presidents Council chair and president of West Texas A&M. "My guess is a lot of individuals don't necessarily see the benefits that it would derive for, say, the Lone Star Conference or with schools that are located in the Southwest. And if they don't see the value for them, they just vote no."
O'Brien said safety apprehensions still exist, although he believes they are ill-founded. Also, there's the matter of visa problems for international athletes playing on existing NCAA teams.
"I think all that can be worked out," he said. "Maybe we need to figure out a way in which the NCAA can help facilitate with the government getting visas for international students so that we can have international travel."
Although disappointed, Lone Star Conference Commissioner Stan Wagnon was more upbeat several hours later after a conversation with Mexican officials.
"I shared the results with administrators from Monterrey Tech via email and received an immediate phone call in return," he said. "I was encouraged by that conversation, and it appears to me that the leadership at Monterrey Tech, at least regarding their institution's interests, is willing to accept the result of today's vote as a challenge to prove over the next year all the reasons why the Division II membership should reconsider this proposal in the future."
Wagnon – who acknowledged that two LSC schools voted against the proposal − suggested that a next step might be for the Division II Presidents Council, or perhaps the Lone Star Conference, to work with Monterrey Tech over the next year to develop a plan that would address concerns, answer questions and ultimately provide the basis for a decision about whether it is viable for Monterrey Tech to pursue to Division II membership.
"If those efforts result in a plan that Monterrey Tech finds viable, that same plan might result in the necessary information for our conference and the Division II membership in general to consider going forward," Wagnon said.
In the meantime, Wagnon reiterated to Monterrey Tech officials the conference's hope they will accept an offer for the school to play in the LSC's Football Festival event at Cowboys Stadium in September. "That could be a significant opportunity for our conference and perhaps all of Division II to get an up-close look and become more familiar with the institution, its operating procedures and its competitive abilities," he said.
The failure of the other Convention proposal, No. 2013-11, was more straightforward. The proposal, which would have specified that institutions could not permit most student-athletes to sign a National Letter of Intent or athletically related financial aid until the NCAA Eligibility Center has received all relevant official high school transcripts through his or her sixth semester of enrollment, was defeated 121-155.
Again, there was no debate on the proposal. However, Boerigter heard afterward that delegates may have felt the proposal did not meet the Ease of Burden test.
"I was told that some compliance people were concerned about tracking all that – that it was going to add burden rather than ease burden," Boerigter said. "I was quite surprised by that, quite frankly."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


From all appearances Cruz Martinez is one of the good guys. A decorated Philadelphia detective with an impressive atta-boy file, he's on the fast track for promotion. And with that rock hard body and killer smile, he's a difficult man to say no to. But Madeline Casey is prepared to do just that.
Someone is arming the youth gangs in the city, and Madeline is partnered with Cruz on the case. But Internal Affairs thinks Cruz might be involved with the supplier. It's Madeline's job to discover the truth.
She knows better than to trust instincts over evidence. But late night stakeouts have her judgement clouding. Is Cruz really innocent, or will that killer smile prove lethal?
Five minutes after meeting her new partner, Madeline Casey had to concede that Detective Cruz Martinez was the epitome of the perfect man. With his rock-hard body and killer smile, he could charm the ice off an igloo. But was the perfect man a perfect cop? It was Madeline's job to ferret out the truth.
Cruz and Madeline began working day and night to uncover the man who was selling assault weapons to children, but her boss believed Cruz was the man they were looking for. The evidence was inconclusive, but each late night stakeout was bringing cool-headed Maddy closer to surrender. Her heart said Cruz was on the level, but would that killer smile prove deadly?


text:
Burnley v Manchester United Bet builder Tips – Requestabet Predictions from Brett
Betbuilder
Brett Curtis
Home » Betbuilder » Burnley v Manchester United Bet builder Tips – Requestabet Predictions from Brett
Burnley host Manchester United in the Premier League on Tuesday in a 8:15pm kick-off at Turf Moor.
Sean Dyche's side have won three of their last five games to move five points clear of the relegation zone, while the Red Devils can move three points clear of Liverpool at the top of the table with a victory.
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West Ham, meanwhile, may fancy a cup run with any relegation concerns out of the equation this season.
Man Utd are odds-on 2/5 favourites to win the match, with the draw 15/4 and a Burnley win 13/2.
United have not even conceded in their last five visits to Turf Moor, winning four and drawing one, so given their incredible away record this season, I fancy them to get the job done.
I don't expect it to be easy, though, which is backed up by the fact three of those four wins were 2-0 and the other was a narrow 1-0 victory.
Based on recent history you would back a United clean sheet, but they have not kept any in their seven away matches this season, while Burnley have scored in each of their last four home games after a slow start to the season.
However, Dyche's side have only scored more than once in two of their 15 PL games this season, so I am happy to back a Man Utd win alongside Under 2 Goals for Burnley.
Kevin Friend officiates the clash at Turf Moor, meanwhile, with each of the 49-year-old's last six PL games seeing fewer than three cards brandished.
Indeed, 11 of Friend's 14 PL matches behind closed doors have seen under three cards for both teams combined land, so in order to gain more value I'm also going to back Under 3 Cards for Burnley and Under 3 Cards for Man Utd:
This fixture has been a bit spiky in recent times, but neither side are receiving or drawing a huge amount of cards this season, so I'm hoping the fact that Friend is in charge will also help this bet land. There were only two cards shown (both for Burnley) in the last meeting, too.
In terms of player bets, Anthony Martial has scored in each of his three appearances at Turf Moor, so 31/20 (Unibet) for the forward to score looks a decent price. Fernandes nearly always delivers away from home, too, with Friend awarding three penalties in his nine PL games this season, so 6/5 for the attacking midfielder to score and 6/4 for him to have 2+ shots on target (both Betfair) are well-priced.
Player cards probably aren't worth delving too deeply into with Friend in charge, but like I said, this game has been spiky on occasion in the past. One player who I was surprised to see has been carded four times in this fixture is Charlie Taylor, although the left-back is an injury doubt. 11/2 (Bet Victor) looks a big price should he start, with 13/5 (bet365) also big on Phil Bardsley, with the former United right-back also carded on four occasions for Burnley against the Red Devils.
Ashley Westwood (18/5, Bet Victor) must also be considered given he has been booked in two of his last three league games as well as in the last meeting between these sides.
One price I am slightly surprised by is Ashley Barnes to have a shot on target at 10/11 (Betfair), with the Burnley striker testing the opposition goalkeeper five times in his last three league games (including a goal against Wolves). Barnes has scored twice against United, too (albeit both times at Old Trafford), so if he gets a sniff he'll fancy his chances.
I'm also quite keen on James Tarkowski to make 3+ tackles at 5/4 (Sky Bet), with the central defender landing this in three of his last four league games. He will probably have the likes of Martial, Fernandes and Bruno Rashford in close vicinity to him, so the England international could be in for a busy evening.
Fred and Fernandes are also worth keeping an eye on in this market as both tend to land 3+ and 2+ tackles respectively more often than not, although both are odds-on to do so against a Burnley side who may not offer as much attacking threat as we would want for these bets to land.
I'm a freelance sports journalist who has worked for Goal & Bleacher Report amongst others. Get in touch, you're more than welcome to do so via Twitter or contact me via email .


text:
What's the best college for astronomy? (Intermediate)
I'm looking at colleges A, B, and C. [Names changed to protect the innocent.] What college has the best astronomy program?
Some might say it doesn't matter where you get your undergraduate degree, as long as you do research as an undergraduate. When you're shopping for colleges, try to look for one that offers an astronomy major (not just a minor) and ask about undergraduate opportunities for research.
You can get into an astronomy graduate program if you have a degree in physics, or geology, or even other related hard-sciences careers, but if you know that you want to do astronomy, it makes the most sense to find a school that offers that major! (If you're interested in studying planetary geology or other specific sub-fields, though, your mileage may vary on this advice).
This page was last updated on February 10, 2016
Kids/Students
Britt Scharringhausen
Britt studies the rings of Saturn. She got her PhD from Cornell in 2006 and is now a Professor at Beloit College in Wisconson.
Similar Questions that might Interest You...
Which American colleges teach astronomy? (Beginner)
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Blueshifts Spacesuits Moon Landings Sunray Hydrogen Plants Tachyons Core Phases Interior Fuel Rockets Astrobiology Space Exploration Gravity Special Relativity Doppler Effect Blackbody Radiation Careers Speed


» AA 3/4 _ Drøp | V.I.T.R.I.O.L.
AA 3/4 _ Drøp | V.I.T.R.I.O.L.
While bringing the Antidigital's four-fold path to completion, V.I.T.R.I.O.L. squares the symbolic structure of the Series by focusing with conceptual precision and musical elegance the heaviest of elements within the alchemic cycle: Water. Both adaptable and erosive, essence and abyss, the paramount fluid is an archetype of metamorphosis. Constantly attempting to overtake every obstacle towards the gravitational center, pervading and transmuting the Earth by transforming itself, Water eternally conquers the depths where it still serves as origin, nest and nourishment of life. Like a torrent, V.I.T.R.I.O.L. tells and embodies the sublimating Descent of Water, taking shape as a pouring of micro-tonal falls, opening passageways through a radiant narration of deep intimate soundscapes. Framing a sequence of almost religious experiments in circuit manipulation and digital-processing of the resulting electrical sound-fields, the short album signs the important inspirational contribution by Drøp to Dromoscope' Antidigital project. Enchanting second outcome by sound designer Giuseppe Bifulco, V.I.T.R.I.O.L. resonates clearly of a post-modern electronic shamanism, a fascinating musical vision interpreting sound as a physiological trigger and music itself as a therapeutic instrument, a path for an interior empty-set (ø) capable to free consciousness from rational domain and reconnect it to deeper natural truths. Like a map for the Descent, V.I.T.R.I.O.L. engraves its own name and structure with one of the most substantial hermetic aphorisms ever, "Visita Interiora Terrae Rectificando Invenies Occultum Lapidem", dropping a hint and pointing a destination for the healing research of the truth: the unknown interiors of the world, the subterranean unveiled inner self.


Concerns have been raised over the rising numbers of longer out of area placements for mental health patients.
Analysis of new data suggests the rate of total OAPs has remained relatively flat, but the proportion of those placements lasting more than 15 days has increased.
The data also shows that 96 per cent of OAPs were classed as "inappropriate", defined by NHS Digital as caused by a lack of available beds, as opposed to, for example, being admitted after presenting at accident and emergency while away from home.
The government has said that "inappropriate" placements should be eliminated by 2020-21.
A straightforward comparison in the overall numbers was not possible because the number of providers reporting their data has fluctuated.
However, the average number of OAPs per trust has remained relatively flat since NHS Digital started publishing data in September 2017. There were 645 OAPs in the latest monthly figures, for December 2018, which was an average of 6.9 per trust.
Meanwhile, the proportion of longer OAPs fluctuated between 45 and 50 per cent in the last four months of 2017, before fluctuating between 55 and 60 per cent in the same period in 2018.
The proportion of shorter OAPs, lasting fewer than 15 days, has decreased.
Dr James added: "It is particularly concerning that the number of placements lasting more than 15 days is on the rise. Reasons for this could include overstretched community mental health teams finding it hard to visit patients many miles away or to plan for their discharge from hospital.
"It may also be that a patient's route back to their local community is blocked, either because a local hospital bed is not available or, more likely, because there is no community placement with appropriate support.
Vicky Nash, head of policy at Mind, also warned there would be a "huge amount of work" needed to bring down the numbers and suggested "the figures are going in the opposite direction".
An NHS England spokesman said: "The NHS remains committed to eliminating inappropriate out of area placements so that patients get the right care, at the right time and as close to home as possible.


text:
Gaye Adegbalola
Gaye Adegbalola (born Gaye Todd, March 21, 1944, Fredericksburg, Virginia, United States) is an American blues singer and guitarist, teacher, lecturer, activist, and photographer. Biography Gaye's father, Clarence R. Todd, was the first Black school board member in Fredericksburg and was also a jazz musician. He later founded a performing a… Read More
Robert Lockwood
The Homemade Jamz Blues Band
Long John Hunter
Jimmy Thackery and The Drivers
Tracy Nelson
Zakiya Hooker
Stations With Gaye Adegbalola
Gaye Adegbalola Radio
Plays Gaye Adegbalola along with similar artists like:
Finis Tasby, Scrapomatic, Smokin' Joe Kubek & Bnois King, Paul Ge…
Plays acoustic guitar driven blues.
Jimmie Davis, Anna Laube, Johnny Cash, Mofro, Roy Milton, Charley Patton, Son Hou…
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Plays Booker T. Laury along with similar artists like:
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Gladys Bentley Radio
Plays Gladys Bentley along with similar artists like:
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Plays Johnny O'Neal along with similar artists like:
Siegel-Schwall Band, Artie White, James Solberg Band, Stick McGhee, Larry…
Demolition String Band Radio
Plays Demolition String Band along with similar artists like:
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Zakiya Hooker Radio
Plays Zakiya Hooker along with similar artists like:
Eugene Hideaway Bridges, Debbie Davies, Shannon Curfman, Sena Ehrhardt, W…
Deanna Bogart Band Radio
Plays Deanna Bogart Band along with similar artists like:
Katie Webster, Mark Selby, Stoney Curtis Band, Sean Chambers, Lil' Ed…
Michael Grimm Radio
Plays Michael Grimm along with similar artists like:
Candye Kane, Gaye Adegbalola, Kelley Hunt, Smokin' Joe Kubek & Bn…
From Gaye Adegbalola
Hungry Woman's Blues


text:
import os
basedir = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))

class Config:
    # SECRET_KEY = os.environ.get('SECRET_KEY') or 'hard to guess string'
    SECRET_KEY = os.environ.get('SECRET_KEY', default='hard to guess string')
    # The application configured automatic database commits at the end of the request.
    SQLALCHEMY_COMMIT_ON_TEARDOWN = True
    FLASKY_MAIL_SUBJECT_PREFIX = '[FlaskyAsk]'
    FLASKY_MAIL_SENDER = 'Yinlin Zhang <flaskaskmail@gmail.com>'
    FLASKY_ADMIN = os.environ.get('FLASKY_ADMIN')

    @staticmethod
    def init_app(app):
        pass

class DevelopmentConfig(Config):
    DEBUG = True
    MAIL_SERVER = 'smtp.googlemail.com'
    MAIL_PORT = 587
    MAIL_USE_TLS = True
    MAIL_USERNAME = os.environ.get('MAIL_USERNAME')
    MAIL_PASSWORD = os.environ.get('MAIL_PASSWORD')
    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = os.environ.get('DEV_DATABASE_URL') or \
        'sqlite:///' + os.path.join(basedir, 'data-dev.sqlite')

class TestConfig(Config):
    TESTING = True
    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = os.environ.get('TEST_DATABASE_URL') or \
        'sqlite:///' + os.path.join(basedir, 'data-test.sqlite')

class ProductionConfig(Config):
    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = os.environ.get('DATABASE_URL') or \
        'sqlite:///' + os.path.join(basedir, 'data.sqlite')

config = dict(development=DevelopmentConfig,
              testing=TestConfig,
              production=ProductionConfig,
              default=DevelopmentConfig)


Has it ever occurred to you, that why some things happen to you without a reason. Suddenly you become sick on the day of the mostimportant examination, you lose out on a job proposition you were sure to achieve, relationships face unexpected upheavals, an expected deal goes awry, etc.
You are not the reason behind them, rather your stars are. The navagrahas position and reposition themselves for each individual. Only experts like us can read their steps and provide you a solution to bring them in at places favorable for your future.
Our Rudraksha Navagraha Combination gathers all divine blessings in this perspective.
Rudraksha is the only ornament worn by Lord Shiva. Thus, these rare blessings of Lord Shiva that entail divine powers. These powers can be utilized for Navagraha shanti and their favorable movement.
The combination of 11 MukhiRudraksha with 8 Mukhi, 10 Mukhi and 12 MukhiRudraksha is the epitome creation for navagrahas.
All the Rudraksha we bring to you are total genuine, certified by Government Labs. With his unlimited spiritual powers, each of these Rudraksha is spiritually charged for maximum benefits.
We understand that each of these Rudrakshais meant for a specific reason and thus, these combinations are very meticulously created.
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This combination to attract auspiciousness should be worn on a Monday or preferably on a Purnima, after offering prayers to Lord Ganesh and Lord Shiva. Chant 'OM GANESHAI NAMAH' & 'OM SHIVAI NAMAH'101 times each.
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text:
Taft Point Wedding
oliviarobson
If you're taking into account eloping in Yosemite National Park, you're in good fortune! There are lots of high-quality locations to select from, every with its very own particular splendor. Here are some of our favorites.
1. Vernal Fall: This waterfall is Taft Point Wedding positioned close to the Happy Isles Nature Center in Yosemite Valley. It's a stunning spot for an elopement, with plenty of picture possibilities.
2. Mirror Lake: If you are searching out a nonviolent and romantic region, Mirror Lake is ideal. It's positioned just off of Tioga Pass Road
and gives beautiful views of the encircling mountains.
3. Half Dome: This iconic landmark makes for a dramatic backdrop for your elopement photos. It's a difficult hike, however the view from the pinnacle is well worth it!
4. Glacier Point: If you actually need to experience a stellar view of Yosemite National Park, this is one in every of your best bets. The steep hiking trail will climb up several hundred toes, and lead you to one of the most lovely perspectives in California. Just ensure that each you and your partner are up for such an severe hike!
The majestic Yosemite is one of the maximum popular country wide parks within the United States. Millions of traffic flock to its soaring mountains, pristine rivers, and ancient forests every yr.
Yosemite was particular as a countrywide park in 1890, and it covers extra than 750,000 acres. The park carries a number of the maximum brilliant geological features in North America, including Half Dome and El Capitan. These granite cliffs are some of the most important in the global.
ALSO READ 5 Things to make this raksha bandhan special
The park's natural wonders are not its simplest draw; Yosemite additionally has a wealthy history. The first people to visit the area had been Native Americans, who called it "Ahwahnee," that means "big mouth." The first non-Native American settlers arrived in 1849. They known as it "Yo-Semite," due to the large Yosemite Valley to which the Merced and Tuolumne Rivers waft.
More than three.7 million human beings visited Yosemite in 2017, and visitation is at the rise. The park hopes to encourage visitors to explore at some stage in all seasons of the year, but it also wishes them to consider that they're sharing these herbal wonders with natural world such as bears and coyotes. Visitors should stay as a minimum three hundred toes faraway from bears and different animals, and maintain food within arm's attain at all times.
Eagles are majestic creatures, capable of attain speeds of up to 150 miles in line with hour while diving for prey. They are now and again known as the kings of the sky, and have been inspiring people for heaps of years.
No one knows once they first commenced acting in famous way of life—proof indicates that eagles had been used as symbols throughout the Roman Empire, however their use may fit lower back even in addition than that. Some artifacts located in Iraq propose that there were eagle requirements gift at the least 1,500 years earlier than Rome was based.
Herodotus an historic Greek historian who lived inside the fifth century B.C., or approximately 2,500 years in the past, wrote approximately Babylonian society's fascination with eagles. The ancient Assyrians believed that the god Zu, who become acknowledged for creating storms and bringing chaos to earth, rode on an eagle.
ALSO READ Top Trends In Kids Fashion That Will Rule 2018
As time exceeded and cultures got here into touch with each different thru alternate and battle, additionally they began sharing thoughts approximately eagles. One of the most top notch examples of this is in early Christian art; some paintings show birds that look like eagles preserving the Christ Child (the infant Jesus), suggesting that those artists have been stimulated by way of Middle Eastern depictions of eagles.
The cutting-edge eagle has made its way into sports emblems as well—some baseball group mascots are based totally on.
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text:
Green Bay 0 10 7 7 24
Chicago 7 0 0 7 14
Soldier Field, Chicago, Illinois Weather: 62°, Clear Attendance: 62,332
Rodgers throws 2 TDs, runs for 1 as Packers beat Bears 24-14
NFL Headlines
Giants hire Bills exec Schoen as new GM
Bengals sacks leader Hendrickson cleared
Chiefs LB Gay arrested for misdemeanor
Bears interview Leftwich, McKenzie
Prescott fined $25,000 for comments
Vikes interview Browns' Cook, Pats' Wolf
49ers hope Bosa will be cleared to play
Panthers hold 2nd round of OC interviews
Chiefs' Bieniemy again hot commodity
(AP Photo/David Banks)
By ANDREW SELIGMAN
AP Sports Writer
CHICAGO (AP) Aaron Rodgers didn't need to say it. He couldn't resist.
Rodgers turned toward the crowd after running for a touchdown to help secure yet another win for Green Bay over Chicago. Then, he yelled, "I still own you! I still own you!"
Who would argue?
Rodgers threw for two touchdowns and ran for another, leading the Packers to a 24-14 victory over the Bears on Sunday.
"I love playing in Soldier Field," Rodgers said. "I said this week I have a lot of respect for the fans. I'm sure there's a little bit of respect coming back my way, not a lot of love I'm sure. Had a lot of great moments on this field, a lot of great battles."
The Packers (5-1) beat the Bears (3-3) for the 20th time in 23 games counting the playoffs and improved to 22-5 with Rodgers as the starter against Chicago. They also prevented their rivals from tying them for the NFC North lead.
Rodgers shook off a sluggish start, throwing a 1-yard touchdown to Allen Lazard in the second quarter and a 12-yarder to Aaron Jones in the third, making it 17-7.
Rodgers put away the Bears after Justin Fields threw a 5-yard touchdown to Darnell Mooney, cutting the lead to three with 8:44 left. He scrambled in from the 6 to cap a 75-yard drive, bumping the lead back up to 10. He then turned toward the crowd and yelled, "I still own you! I still own you!"
Rodgers joked about blacking out and said: "I looked up in the stands, and in the front row, all I saw was a woman giving me the double bird. I'm not sure what came out of my mouth next."
Rodgers finished 17 of 23 for 195 yards and a 128 passer rating.
Davante Adams caught four passes for 89 yards, including a 41-yarder that helped set up Rodgers' TD scramble. Jones ran for 76 yards and caught four passes for 34, helping the Packers remain unbeaten since a season-opening 38-3 loss to New Orleans in Jacksonville.
"I think it shows we will be OK," Jones said. "It shows we can win games in multiple ways. We have the leaders that we need. We have everybody in the locker room that we need to get the job, just continue to put the work in and stack success."
FAMILIAR RESULT
A rare win over Green Bay would have been a major statement for the Bears after they looked lost a few weeks ago. They steadied themselves by beating Detroit and Las Vegas, only to be taken down by the Packers.
"This hurts," coach Matt Nagy said. "It stings. It's not fun. Our guys understand that."
Fields led the Bears on an 80-yard touchdown drive on their first possession that ended with rookie Khalil Herbert scoring from the 1, only to cool off after that. The No. 11 overall draft pick was 16 for 27 for 174 yards with a touchdown and an interception.
Herbert ran for a season-high 97 yards with David Montgomery (sprained knee) on injured reserve and Damien Williams on the reserve/COVID-19 list. He scored from the 1 on the game's opening drive. Khalil Mack, Robert Quinn and Akiem Hicks each had a sack.
"I just didn't play how I needed to play for us to get the win," Fields said. "Again, I just need to be better."
CROSBY'S KICKS
Green Bay's Mason Crosby made his lone field goal and all three extra points coming off a shaky outing. A week earlier against Cincinnati, he missed three field goals and an extra point before booting the winning 49-yarder in overtime.
PICKED OFF
The Bears thought they had a free play late in the first quarter, when Fields had a heave toward the end zone intercepted by Darnell Savage. It looked like the Packers might have jumped offside, but no flag was thrown.
"I looked up in the air, interception, I wasn't worried about it," Mooney said. "And then I looked back and there wasn't a flag. I was like, Whoa. We didn't snap the ball for no reason."
Packers: C Josh Myers (knee) had to be helped off the field following a running play on the opening possession and did not return. "I don't think it's gonna be a season ender," coach Matt LaFleur said. "But we'll continue to look at it. That was a bad play call by me for us not blocking the nickel off the edge, and that's what caused that." Myers missed last week's game because of a finger injury. ... LT Elgton Jenkins returned after missing three games with an ankle injury. ... Savage left with a concussion after the first play from scrimmage in the second half. He was hurt tackling Herbert on a run.
Bears: KR/PR Jakeem Grant Sr. (ankle) was hurt on a punt return in first quarter. He came back into the game in the second quarter, but Artavis Pierce handled returns down the stretch. ... DB Deon Bush (quad) exited in the second half.
Packers: host Washington on Oct. 24.
Bears: visit Tampa Bay on Oct. 24.
More AP NFL: https://apnews.com/hub/NFL and https://twitter.com/AP-NFL


Nacogdoches is a wonderful medium sized city located in the beautiful pine hills countryside of Eastern Texas, a 140 mile drive from Houston, 180 miles from the Dallas area and 100 miles from Shreveport, La. Nacogdoches Senior Village has 36, 1 and 2 bedroom units for seniors 62 and older and offers you a beautiful and peaceful lifestyle with easy access to shopping, restaurants, and your other personal needs.
Assistance with rent and utilities may be available through Rural Development and utility assistance may be available through the Department of Human Services.
Please contact us at 936-462-8688 or by fax at 936-462-8858 for an appointment or to ask any questions. You may also email us at Nac.seniorvillage@yahoo.com.
From Highway 21, turn south on South Street and travel a few blocks to Smith Street. Turn west on Smith Street and then south on Virginia Ave. Travel three blocks to Lock Street and then turn north on Lock to Harris Street. A right turn on Harris brings you to Nacogdoches Senior Village.


text:
Q: Selects dependentes com JSON Como popular um segundo select de acordo com primeiro a partir de um arquivo JSON.
HTML:
<select id="município_id" name="municipio">
<select id="estabelecimento_id" name="estabelecimento">
JSON:
[{"municipio":"pesqueira","estabelecimento":"UBS pesqueira","cod":"7866"},{"municipio":"pesqueira","estabelecimento":"UBS centro","cod":"7767"},{"municipio":"custodia","estabelecimento":"Pronto Atendimento em saúde","cod":"8655"}]...
O JSON é grande! Tem essa estrutura, cidades podem se repetir mas estabelecimento não. Qualquer ajuda é bem vinda.

A: Boa tarde amigo, você tem um problema com esse JSON, ele não tem a melhor estrutura pra que você trabalhe, o ideal é que o municipio fosse único algo como:
[
  {
    "municipio":"pesqueira",
    "estabelecimentos": {
      {"name": "UBS pesqueira","cod":"7866"},
      {"name": "UBS pesqueira","cod":"7866"}
    }
  }
]

Mas se você não puder mexer nessa estrutura do JSON você pode filtrar os municipios desse JSON pra depois montar os valores de estabelecimento
const municipios = [...new Set(objeto.map(obj => obj.municipio)]

const selectMunicipios = document.querySelector('#município_id')

selectMunicipios.onchange = () => {
  const municipio = selectMunicipios.value

  const filtrado = objeto.filter(item => item.municipio === municipio)
  const estabelecimentos = filtrado.map(item => item.estabelecimento)
  const selectEstabelecimento = document.querySelector('#estabelecimento_id')

  selectEstabelecimento.innerHtml = ''

  estabelecimentos.forEach(estabelecimento => {
    const option = document.createElement('option')
    option.innerText = estabelecimento

    selectEstabelecimento.appendChild(option)
  })

}

municipios.forEach(municipio => {

  const option = document.createElement('option')
  selectMunicipios.appendChild(option)

})

Esse código deve funcionar se eu não escrevi nada errado ;), onde eu colocquei o nome objeto significa que você deve chamar o seu objeto JSON.
Lembrando esse código só é necessário caso você realmente não possa corrigir a estrutura do seu JSON, se você corrigir esse JSON seria bem melhor e mais fácil o trabalho.
Espero ter ajudado!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


You will fall in love with this cocktail table and its pristine Harbor Towne White finish. Constructed of birch solids with four louver style doors and two large seagrass baskets accessible from both sides. The plank style detailing along the top and sides add the final touches.


text:
Complaisant
After about three years worth of time gone by, the beautiful looking Cecilia had learnt to live with a little more tranquility and calmness in her life, while losing a bit of her arrogance and unruliness. What remained the same was her pretty appearance and grandeur temperament.
Nowadays, Han Shuo is more tolerant toward Cecilia as he used to be. This was partly due to her grandpa Sabakas, who personally deployed a transportation matrix for Brettel City, in addition to her change of attitude for not being so sarcastic all the time. Therefore, Han Shuo did not continue his mocking and ridicule towards Cecilia when met with her again.
"I have concluded my training and came to Tariq City for some personal matters. Long time no see! How's your grandpa doing?" Han Shuo asked Cecilia, as he still held certain respect towards space sacred magus Sabakas.
Cecilia revealed a faint smile when she heard Han Shuo ask about her grandpa, and replied, "Thank you for your concern, my grandpa is doing well." Looking around, Cecilia noticed that Han Shuo was travelling alone, and she continued, "Come, let's go inside for discussions."
From Cecilia's attitude, Han Shuo could tell that she wasn't prejudiced against him like she used to be in the past. This was a good development in Han Shuo's eyes. Given his current strength and status, Han Shuo wouldn't have felt the slightest bit of fear when facing the space sacred magus Sabakas, let alone Cecilia, who became one of the three heavyweights by relying on Sabakas.
However, since everyone here was members of the Dark Mantle, in the service of the Lancelot Empire, plus Sabakas could have been said as caring toward Han Shuo, it would be ideal if Han Shuo could get along well with Cecilia. No good would come to either of the parties if a dispute really erupted.
Thus, when noticing that Cecilia's approach towards him had changed, he gladly trailed behind her and entered the inner section of the mansion.
When he stepped inside, it felt as though the sky and earth had spun, and space was turned upside down. By the time Han Shuo came to his senses, he realized that he had arrived at a serene, harmonious courtyard. Other than Cecilia, there were a few other members from the Dark Mantle in the courtyard. They seemed to be Cecilia's subordinates. Each and every one of them were sitting on round stone stools and were discussing something.
"Let me introduce you to everyone, this is Lord Bryan, fourth Dark Sun envoy of the Dark Mantle. You must have heard of him before," Cecilia said to the Dark Mantle members. As soon as Cecilia entered the place, the faint smile that was on her face just then immediately vanished, and was replaced with a solemn face and a tone of voice which only a superior held.
However, before members of the Dark Mantle came over to greet him, Han Shuo himself actually got a shock. Puzzlingly he asked Cecilia, "Since when did I become a Fourth Dark Sun?"
"Last time, during the civil strife in Ossen City, you assisted His Majesty the King in crushing the rebels, and furthermore, you succeeded in repelling two enemy sacred-grade experts. These contributions were cited as the reasons for your promotion. Oh, right, you disappeared three years for training, so perhaps you weren't informed about this. You may upgrade your identity plate when you return to the Dark Mantle headquarters," Cecilia explained sternly for Han Shuo. She doesn't seem to be joking.
Fourth Dark Sun! In such a huge and powerful organization like the Dark Mantle, every promotion can be said to have been an extremely difficult feat. Han Shuo would never have anticipated that he would climb so quickly to this position. This would also mean that throughout the whole Dark Mantle organization, only the three heavyweights could bind him.
Han Shuo understood in his heart that the reason he could become a Fourth Sun envoy so rapidly, was partly due to his achievements in the civil war, but more significantly, it was because of his good relations with Lawrence, and old astrologer Madam Grace's judgement of him.
"Oh! No wonder!" Han Shuo exclaimed smilingly.
"Greetings, my Lord!" After Cecilia introduction, all the Dark Mantle members at this place wore either a fawning or envious face. Each and every one of them greeted and bowed their heads towards Han Shuo.
"Alright, that's enough. Sit down guys," Cecilia said as she waved her hand. When she saw that the people went back to their seats promptly, she pointed at a place beside her and said to Han Shuo, "Lord Bryan, here's your seat."
Han Shuo sat there without hesitation. He knew that the Dark Mantle is a strict organization, and they pay close attention to where a person sits. More often than not, the seatings are arranged by their ranks. In the Tariq City branch, Cecilia is by right the highest ranked member there, and right beneath her is the rank, Fourth Dark Sun, which Han Shuo possessed. So naturally, his seat was right beside her's.
"Oh right, is there something that you need to inquire about, since you visited this branch?" Cecilia suddenly asked Han Shuo after he took his seat.
Nodding his head, Han Shuo replied, "I heard that sacred knight Blount of the Church of Light is currently residing in Tariq City, so I came here looking for him. If anyone knows where Blount is hiding, I hope that you can tell me."
When Han Shuo spoke, his eyes scanned around through everyone sitting there. Involuntarily, his glances gave off the feeling as if he was looking down on weak, tiny ants. All of a sudden, every Dark Mantle member present felt as if Han Shuo was the actual person in charge there.
As the person responsible for certain matters for the Empire, and one of the three heavyweights, Cecilia unexpectedly, seemed like a subordinate under Han Shuo's command. This feeling was extremely odd, but at the same time, exceedingly natural.
Even Cecilia herself felt that inexplicably strange feeling. All Han Shuo did was simply sit down and speak. He did not make any unusual movements when he talked, but inevitably became the center of everyone's attention. It had nothing to do with his status or his rank in the Dark Mantle.
"Sir, I know that sacred knight Blount had been spotted in Tariq City around half a month ago, but I have no idea as to whether he is still in Tariq City!" A Dark Mantle member stood up from his round stool and answered Han Shuo respectfully.
"Thank you. Do you know why he came to Tariq City?" Han Shuo asked with a faint smile.
"I think I know!" When this Dark Mantle member showed a dark face, Cecilia suddenly turned her head and said to Han Shuo. "It should be related to the reason I came here."
"Oh? What was it?" Han Shuo creased his brows and asked attentively.
"Outside of Tariq City, there's a canyon named Tarrag. Tarrag Canyon is similar to the Dark Forest of Lancelot Empire, an exotic place where magical beasts run rampant. All this while, Tarrag Canyon had been considered an off-limits area by the Brut Merchant Alliance. Other than some of the true experts, an average person would never dare venture into Tarrag Canyon.
Approximately three months ago, some experts who were cultivating in Tarrag Canyon, claimed that they had been attacked by some strong magical beasts, and were driven away from Tarrag Canyon. It is common knowledge that most super-ranked magical beasts live alone, and it's rare to find those that live in packs. This caught the attention of many different forces. I came here specifically, to investigate about this," Cecilia explained for Han Shuo.
With a doubtful face and creased brows, Han Shuo looked at Cecilia and asked, "What does this have to do with Blount? Could it be that Blount came here to investigate it as well?"
"No. Blount and his Church of Light members seem to be hunting for someone. This person should be a big heretic which the Church of Light determined, otherwise they wouldn't have sent Blount to personally set out on the campaign. The person also seems to be aware of the strange phenomenon in Tarrag Canyon. So with nowhere else to escape, this person pushed their luck and got into Tarrag Canyon. Probably hoping that the peculiarity of Tarrag Canyon will cause Blount and his party to abandon their pursuit.
However, the Church of Light always considered themselves as the spokespeople for God in this world, and naturally wouldn't care about the monstrosities in Tarrag Canyon. After they discovered that the big heretic entered Tarrag Canyon, Blount and his party made their way in there half a month ago. But since then, there had been no further news about it," Cecilia slowly explained as she looked at Han Shuo.
"So that's what it is!" Han Shuo realized what was going on, and immediately joyfully said to Cecilia,"Thank you for the information. Alright, I'm done here. You guys may continue your discussions. I'm going to take a trip to Tarrag Canyon."
"My Lord, please be careful. Tarrag Canyon is an extremely unforgiving place. We have lived in Tariq City for many years, and are aware of the mysteries surrounding that place. Even the lightning sacred magus Reynold Dila of Brut Merchant Alliance was stranded in there for a long time. After Reynold Dila learned about the abnormal behaviour of the creatures, he even forbade some adventurers from entering Tarrag Canyon. He, if anyone, should know about the dangers hidden in there!" The Dark Mantle member who reported information about sacred knight Blount to Han Shuo just then hastily warned Han Shuo.
"Thank you for your reminder. I will be careful!" Han Shuo thanked him with a smile, although he did not take it to heart.
Han Shuo, being in the Carnal Realm now, had the confidence to defeat any sacred grade experts. In demonic arts, breaking through to the next realm always meant many folds increase in strength. If he were to fight against sacred knight Blount and earth sacred magus Dempus again, Han Shuo had absolute certainty that he could kill them both.
At this moment, sacred grade experts were no longer formidable opponents against Han Shuo who had just entered the Carnal Realm. Even for a demi-god existence like the Ancient Lizard King, Han Shuo, who just underwent an unprecedented rise in confidence, would have the nerve to directly contend against him. Han Shuo believed that there weren't many things in existence found in the Profound Continent that could harm him, and therefore he did not have the slightest bit of fear for the Tarrag Canyon.
"Bryan, are you going to Tarrag Canyon?" Cecilia suddenly asked.
Nodding his head, Han Shuo replied, "Yep, I'm going there to meet Blount. That guy injured my friend the last time we met. I will not allow him to live in this world any longer."
"Well then, is it too much to ask for you to enter Tarrag Canyon with us? We are preparing to uncover the secrets of Tarrag Canyon. We are all members of the Dark Mantle, serving the Lancelot Empire. Going in there with you gives us a better sense of assurance. Furthermore, we can help you keep a lookout for news regarding sacred knight Blount's location. What do you say?" Cecilia looked at Han Shuo with a pleading gaze as she sought for his approval.
His wild, impressive performance in Ossen City last time left a deep impression in Cecilia's heart. Although after the event, Han Shuo did clarify that the reason for his dramatic increase in strength was because he borrowed some other people's energy, but that kind of immense strength made Cecilia feel that it was just an excuse Han Shuo made to be modest.
Once he returned from his three years of training, he immediately said with incomparable confidence that he wanted to kill sacred knight Blount. Even without giving it too much thought, Cecilia could tell that Han Shuo's strength must have had advanced further. Otherwise, he wouldn't have made such claims.
To have an expert such as him accompanying them into Tarrag Canyon, will add a large amount of assurance to the safety of Cecilia and her party.
But now, given Han Shuo's current status and strength, even the King of the Lancelot Empire would have to meticulously curry favor and rope him in. Therefore, if Cecilia wanted to trouble Han Shuo, her tone would of course need to endearing, instead of summarily and arrogantly giving orders like before.
After looking at Cecilia who was in a pleading expression, and the newly brightened eyes of the Dark Mantle members, Han Shuo hesitated for a moment, but finally nodded and said, "Alright!"
With the existence of his mystical demons, Han Shuo didn't need the Dark Mantle members' help to scout at all after arriving in Tarrag Canyon. The members were actually of little use for Han Shuo. But still, he is a fellow member of the Dark Mantle. Including the fact that he obtained the information he required from them, Han Shuo found it embarrassing to refuse it outright, and therefore he reluctantly accepted the request.
"Thank you. We still in our preparation phase, and will set off to Tarrag Canyon tomorrow, early in the morning. Erm, if you're tired, I can show you where you may rest," Cecilia earnestly thanked Han Shuo with a very faint smile on her beautiful face.
"Okay. Please prepare a secret room for me. I will be resting for a while!" Han Shuo gladly accepted. After the hostility between him and Cecilia was extinguished, the attractive looking Cecilia suddenly felt that much more pleasing to the eye. Thinking back on the overbearing Cecilia in the past, and comparing that to her current accommodating attitude, Han Shuo felt a sense of satisfaction.
"Follow me!" Cecilia walked towards a stair that led upwards. When he stepped inside, he had that giddy feeling as though the earth and sky were spinning again. The next thing he knew, he found himself in a room made of stone. "Rest well. I will go and get ready!" Cecilia said smilingly. As soon as her lovable body moved backward, she completely disappeared from this stony room.
In this Dark Mantle branch at Tariq City, they were able to utilize some wonderful space refraction magic. Although Han Shuo couldn't understand it, he could still destroy the boundary by means of brute strength. After arriving at the room made of stone, Han Shuo used some stones found there, and with some wood carved with peculiar symbols, he laid out a grimace shaped magical array around the room, and finally took out his skeletal staff.
As he finished his incantation, Han Shuo closed his eyes. His soul traversed through layer upon layer of space-time tunnels and emerged in the desolated land of departed souls.
On the summit of a lofty, rocky mountain, the earth elite zombie, wood elite zombie, fire elite zombie, metal elite zombie, and water elite zombie all lined up to form an arc. In the center of the five elite zombies, stones were swept along the ground, and sand whirled about it. Five colours of earthy brown, woodish green, fiery red, golden yellow, and watery white beams, violently shot out in every direction. Whiffs of raging, chaotic energy were released from bodies of the five elite zombies. Earthy brown, fiery red, and golden yellow combined with one another in a bizarre manner.
Every time the energy of three colours mixed together and converged, it would form dreadful rumbling sounds, and fomenting the chaotic energy the region in their center, fueling the formidable might of this Great Formation of Divine Corpses and Five Elements. A series of explosions came from its center, even the majestic, huge mountain seemed to be trembling uncontrollably.
The Five Elements - metal, wood, water, fire, and earth, exist in every plane of existence. The elite zombies, as they were nurtured and formed by the Five Elements, could skillfully manipulate the Five Elements. The Great Formation of the Divine Corpses and Five Elements could fuse the powers of the Five Elements, increasing the strengths of the five elite zombies, greatly.
In the center where the fusion of energy happened, chaotic energy shot out everywhere and in all directions. However, at the moment only earth elite zombie, fire elite zombie, and metal elite zombie could fuse their powers together. As for wood elite zombie and water elite zombie, they couldn't merge their powers with the three at the moment.
Riding on Bone Devil, Little Skeleton stood proudly on the empty space above the lofty mountain. He was acting as though he was a general, carefully reviewing his soldiers as he looked at them practicing the Great Formation of the Divine Corpses and Five Elements, constantly monitoring any variation in the chaotic energy the five produced. Occasionally he would intervene and suppress energy that shot towards the ground in order to avoid having his palace located not far away to collapse from the quake.
A spiritual connection suddenly leaped into Little Skeleton's soul, and his purple demon eye suddenly brightened. His stared at the distorted empty space before him, which looked like ripples of water, layer upon layer whose wrinkles were undulated. From there, a mighty soul emerged.
"Father, why did you come here?" Little Skeleton was somewhat surprised as he asked Han Shuo, whose spirit had just descended.
"I came to see how their practice is going." Han Shuo unfolded his consciousness to cover the five elite zombies below him, who were tirelessly practicing the Great Formation of the Divine Corpses and Five Elements, and observed the changes of the chaotic energy in their center.
"Little Earth, Little Gold, and Little Fire could fuse their energy together. Only Little Water and Little Wood couldn't get the hang of it. Father, did you come here to tell them what they should do?" Little Skeleton said to Han Shuo.
"No. The Great Formation of Divine Corpses and Five Elements were imprinted deep into their souls the moment they were born. The Five Elements is an innate skill of theirs, and I'm incapable of guiding them. It can only be done through their own practice and comprehensions," Han Shuo replied. After a few thoughts, with his attention focused on water elite zombie and wood elite zombie, he said, "Those two have yet to figure out the technique after spending so much time. Perhaps it is because they have not yet evolved to a certain stage!"
"That could be the case. Of the five, Little Earth was the first to appear. Little Fire and Little Gold have things that they could use to help them. Those two things seem to have helped them evolve faster. That might be why the three could master how to fuse the energy so quickly. Little Water and Little Wood only appeared later on, and didn't have anything that could help them evolve faster, therefore even until now, they couldn't proficiently put their innate skills to use!" Little Skeleton said to Han Shuo.
"Oh, right, how about the Pearl of Souls from the Tree of Souls. Have you given it a try? How were the results?" The reason he could make a breakthrough into Carnal Realm was all thanks to the efficacy of one Pearl of Soul. Therefore, when Han Shuo recalled about the wonderful Tree of Souls, he couldn't help but asked Little Skeleton.
"Of course. They all took one Pearl of Souls from the tree. It is indeed beneficial to increasing our wisdom. It's just that the Tree of Souls needs a long time to bear fruit, therefore it is temporarily out of use for the pearl fruits needed to help Little Water and Little Wood to evolve faster," Little Skeleton replied somewhat helplessly, not knowing how to help water elite zombie and earth elite zombie.
"Well, it seems that I got to try and find a way to refine some medicinal pellets. To evolve naturally like this takes a rather long time," Han Shuo replied after thinking for a moment.
"Father, with just the three of their energy fusing together, this Great Formation of Divine Corpses and Five Elements already is terrifying enough in power. Even for a powerful Bone Dragon, I believe that it will be annihilated once it is trapped in there!" Little Skeleton replied.
"Yep, I know the score. But once the five powers are combined, their might will be even more terrifying. In addition, as the five evolve and become stronger, the power of the formation will also further increase in strength. I look forward to even more surprises they will bring me!"
"Father, they will not disappoint you."
"Alright, I have to leave now. Look after them and don't let any mishap happen. Also, pay a little extra attention when they are practising the formation. They must not be reckless and careless in their practice.
"Understood!"
After seeing that Little Skeleton understood his instructions, Han Shuo did not continue to stay in the netherworld. He recalled his soul to where it was before and arrived at the Profound Continent.
Sensing for a while, Han Shuo saw that he still had some time to kill. He decided to continue his meticulous study of the three necromancy boundaries he found out in Cemetery of Death - Boundary of Fear, Boundary of Weakness, and Boundary of Aging. In fact, he actually made some progress during his intensive study, and gained some insights and understanding towards the topic.
It was precisely because of his habit of studying all the time that Han Shuo could progress so rapidly, and reach substantial heights in both fields.
Whenever he delved into solving a difficult problem, time would always pass rapidly unbeknownst to him. Suddenly, Han Shuo felt that the formation deployed around him trembled slightly, waking him up from his contemplation.
"Bryan, we can head out now." Cecilia's voice suddenly arrived in Han Shuo's ears.
"Ok!" Han Shuo got up, conveniently putting away the rocks and bewildering woods around him, and walked outside the room.


text:
Bei dem Secure Real-Time Transport Protocol (SRTP,  für Sicheres Echtzeit-Transportprotokoll) handelt es sich um die verschlüsselte Variante des Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP). Das Protokoll wurde im März 2004 von der Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) im RFC 3711 vorgestellt.

Es eignet sich besonders zur verschlüsselten Übertragung von Kommunikation über das Internet und findet auch bei der IP-Telefonie zunehmend Verwendung. Das Kryptosystem verwendet den Advanced Encryption Standard (AES).

Je nach Implementierung kann das Protokoll entweder zur Transportverschlüsselung bei der Sprachdatenübertragung zwischen einem Endgerät auf Kundenseite und dem Server des Kommunikationsanbieters (Provider) oder zur vollständigen Ende-zu-Ende-Verschlüsselung zwischen Kommunikationspartnern genutzt werden.

Bereits durch die Transportverschlüsselung kann eine erhebliche Steigerung der Angriffssicherheit (Security) erreicht werden, da für Angreifer der Zugriff auf die zwischen dem Kundengerät und dem Kommunikationsserver des Telefonieanbieters übertragenen Sprachdaten erschwert wird. Der kontrollierte Behördenzugriff auf die Kommunikation bleibt dabei jedoch im internen Bereich des Kommunikationsanbieters weiter möglich.

Die Verwendung von SRTP bei einer Verbindung zum Server des Kommunikationsanbieters bietet keine Garantie dafür, dass auch im weiteren Verlauf der Kommunikationsübertragung eine Transportverschlüsselung stattfindet. So ist es heute insbesondere noch gängige Praxis, dass die Übertragung von Telefonaten von einem Anbieter zu einem anderen Anbieter unverschlüsselt stattfindet. Aufgrund der an dieser Stelle jedoch höheren Anzahl von gleichzeitig übertragenen Sprachdaten ist ein Zugriff auf ein konkretes Gespräch für Dritte – mit Ausnahme von finanziell gut ausgestatteten Geheimdiensten – sehr schwer. Dies liegt insbesondere auch daran, dass die Sprachdaten in kleine Pakete verpackt und unabhängig voneinander übertragen werden.

Eine Ende-zu-Ende-Verschlüsselung muss aufgrund der Gesetzeslage in den entsprechenden Ländern durch die Gesprächspartner selbst eingerichtet werden, da Telekommunikationsanbieter gesetzlich verpflichtet sind, Behörden auf gerichtliche Anordnung hin den Zugriff auf Gespräche zu ermöglichen. Daher dürfen beispielsweise Provider, die dem deutschen Telekommunikationsgesetz unterliegen, keine automatische Ende-zu-Ende-Verschlüsselung ermöglichen. Es ist jedoch in verschiedenen Ländern in der Regel nicht verboten, selbst für eine durchgehende Verschlüsselung zu sorgen. Dazu müssen die Endgeräte auf beiden Seiten entsprechend ausgestattet sein. In der Regel kommt dann auch SRTP zum Einsatz, es wird jedoch durch ein anderes Protokoll gesteuert, zum Beispiel durch ZRTP.

In Deutschland unterstützen mittlerweile einzelne Festnetz-Telefonieanbieter SRTP. Easybell und dus.net informieren auf ihrer Webseite darüber, wie das Protokoll von seinen Kunden zur Transportverschlüsselung genutzt werden kann. Die Deutsche Telekom bewirbt die Funktionalität nicht aktiv gegenüber ihren privaten Endkunden, stellt jedoch Schnittstelleninformationen für Hersteller entsprechender Endgeräte zur Verfügung. Der deutsche Hersteller der Routerserie FRITZ!Box, AVM, hat SRTP für die genannten Telefonieanbieter mittlerweile in die aktuelle Version seiner Firmware Fritz!OS implementiert. Auch die Routerfirmware des deutschen Netzwerktechnikherstellers LANCOM Systems unterstützt SRTP.

Zu beachten ist, dass es sich bei der von den genannten Anbietern unterstützte Verschlüsselung nicht um eine Ende-zu-Ende-Verschlüsselung zwischen dem Anrufer und dem Angerufenen handelt, sondern lediglich eine Verschlüsselung zwischen einem Gerät des Kunden (Router, Modem oder IP-Telefon) und dem Telefonie-Server des Anbieters geboten wird.

Siehe auch
 ZRTP (Protokoll zur Aushandlung kryptographischer Schlüssel für SRTP)

Weblinks
 RFC 3711 – The Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP)
 https://github.com/cisco/libsrtp – libSRTP
 Informationen zur Verschlüsselung bei IP-Telefonie auf der Webseite von Easybell

Einzelnachweise

Internet-Anwendungsprotokoll

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Welcome back my friends! Today we will talk about a perfect tire for lawns and gardens and for all your landscaping jobs. Does your lawn need tires that are gentle on the soil? The answer is the LG 306 tire. Let's find out about it!
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Those who work in this sector know how important it is to choose the right tire in order to avoid damaging the lawn. This is why BKT has designed LG 306, a specific tire for lawns, perfect for lawnmowers and small tractors.
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What do you think, doesn't it seem an all-round talent in its field? Let's watch it in action in this video clip.


text:
Lawfire
Autonomous Weaponry / Criminal Law / Law of War / War Crimes / Weapons Ban
Autonomous Weapons: An Update
by Charlie Dunlap, J.D. · 23 March 2017
Temple University's Beasley School of Law's Journal of International and Comparative Law has just completed revitalizing its website and has now posted a very interesting collection of essays about the legal issues associated with autonomous weapons. These articles were generated by an excellent symposium at Temple a little more than a year ago that was chaired by Associate Dean Duncan Hollis.
I was privileged to participate and my contribution is a short essay entitled Accountability and Autonomous Weapons: Much Ado About Nothing? My paper focuses on a monograph put out by Human Rights Watch (HRW), with the help of Harvard's International Human Rights Clinic (IHRC). This was the second effort by HRW/IHRC to scuttle the whole concept of autonomous weapons. The first, entitled Losing Humanity: The Case Against Killer Robots, was intellectually demolished by Mike Schmitt in a rebuttal piece which I summarized it in my Temple article as follows:
[Mike] found that a principal flaw in the analysis is a blurring of the distinction between international humanitarian law's prohibitions on weapons per se and those on the unlawful use of otherwise lawful weapons. He went on to convincingly conclude that autonomous weapon systems are not unlawful per se, adding:
Their autonomy has no direct bearing on the probability they would cause unnecessary suffering or superfluous injury, does not preclude them from being directed at combatants and military objectives, and need not result in their having effects that an attacker cannot control. Individual systems could be developed that would violate these norms, but autonomous weapon systems are not prohibited on this basis as a category
The second HRW/IHRC effort which was the one I addressed in my piece was entitled Mind the Gap: The Lack of Accountability for Killer Robot. It repeated many of the flawed concepts of Losing Humanity but took a somewhat different tact, claiming that because a robot couldn't be held accountable in a criminal trial for lethal effects that went awry, and obtaining a civil judgment would be virtually impossible, those conditions somehow made all autonomous weapons intrinsically unlawful.
I found their contentions puzzling and implausible. In the first place, the basic lawfulness or unlawfulness of a weapon under international law does not turn on the ability to fix liability on some particular individual. Rather, it is the potential use of the device that really matters. If it can be used in a discriminate and otherwise lawful manner, there is no reason to ban it.
Regarding liability for illicit use, the HRW/IHRC monograph engages in an rather meandering discussion of criminal law but never seems to understand that the law does, in fact, impose criminal responsibilities on those that set in motion weaponry, and that would include autonomous systems. In essence, the obligation is to have a reasonable understanding of how the device works, and have a reasonable expectation that it would apply force within the parameters of the law. Using autonomous or, really, any weapon without such understandings and expectations engages several avenues of potential prosecution, especially under U.S. military law (an entire corpus of jurisprudence about which HRW/IHRC seems unaware).
In particular, HRW/IHRC seems to think that criminal liability would "likely apply only in situations where the humans specifically intended to use the robots to violate the law." Putting prosecutorial discretion aside, this is demonstrably untrue as a matter of basic criminal law. Even civilian law has a range of manslaughter charges that would not require such intent. For example, one authority describes manslaughter in a fairly standard manner as:
The unjustifiable, inexcusable, and intentional killing of a human being without deliberation, premeditation, and malice. The unlawful killing of a human being without any deliberation, which may be involuntary, in the commission of a lawful act without due caution and circumspection.
I also discuss how under U.S. military law criminal liability can arise based on simple negligence, and use as an example a case where an accused was convicted of negligent homicide merely because he lent his car to a drunken driver who kills himself in an automobile accident. It isn't very hard to envision how such a standard could be employed if necessary to criminalize the improper use of an autonomous weapon.
The HRW/IHRC monograph also discusses civil liability, but never explains how the absence of the same determines the legality or legality of any weapon under international law. In fact, I say in my article that their discussion mainly centers on the complexity of U.S. tort liability litigation generally, rather than anything to do with weapons' law or the law of war.
By the way, in connection with the domestic and international law concept of command responsibility, I cite Professor Peter Margulies concept of "dynamic diligence" which he says calls for a "a three-pronged approach entailing a flexible human/machine interface, periodic assessment, and parameters tailored to [International Humanitarian Law] compliance." I am pleased to report that Professor Margulies has refined his thinking into a new paper ("Making Autonomous Weapons Accountable: Command Responsibility for Computer-Guided Lethal Force in Armed Conflicts") which will be incorporated into a new book, Research Handbook on Remote Warfare (Jens David Ohlin ed., forthcoming 2017).
Since the Temple conference there have been several developments. Last December Chris Jenks reported the decision at the Fifth Review Conference for the Convention on Conventional Weapons (CCW) "to create a UN Group of Governmental Experts (GGE), which will meet for 10 days in 2017 to discuss emerging technologies in the area of lethal autonomous weapon systems (LAWS)."
Chris concludes – and I agree – that it is unlikely that any new restrictions will emerge out of the 2017 GGE meeting. He points out that the anti-LAWs movement – which has attracted only 16 supporters among the 122 CCW countries – is premised on totally banning autonomous weapons even though systems with significant autonomy have been around for decades and have caused few legal issues. Chris explains:
Fully autonomous weapon systems don't yet, and may never, exist. Framing the CCW discussion by describing weapons that are fully autonomous has enabled ban proponents to employ moral panic, casting into the indeterminate yet looming future and projecting visions of "killer robots." Additionally, full autonomy facilitates ignoring the reality that if weapons system autonomy was thought of in terms of the critical functions of selecting and engaging targets, the resulting discussion would have to acknowledge that since 1980, roughly 30 countries have manufactured and/or employed weapons that are capable of autonomously selecting and engaging targets. In essence, LAWS aren't coming, they're here, and they've been here.
I agree with Chris, and it is inevitable that we will see more autonomous weapons, and especially swarming drones. Autonomous swarming drones are poised to revolutionize warfare and it's naïve to expect nations to forego developing and deploying them, especially given their very real potential to be better than humans are in discriminating between lawful and unlawful targets. That said, as I've written elsewhere, even the lawful use of autonomous weapons will enable what I call the "hyper-personalization of war" that will, I predict, be more unsettling to militaries than even the current drones are.
I have never thought that special rules for particular weapons were an especially good idea. As I said on the ICRC's Intercross blog, I believe that the better way to protect people is to focus on strict adherence to the basic principles of the law of armed conflict. Banning particular weapons based on the technology at a given moment of time can become quickly outdated and counterproductive. I concluded that:
[W]hile weapons bans may have utility in certain circumstances, the better course for advanced nations like the U.S. and its allies is to avoid becoming a party to them. The fact is that such rule-of-law nations can – and do – employ complex weapons systems in full compliance with the core principles of the law of war. They carefully train their forces to follow the law, and hold them accountable when that does not occur. They also have prohibitions on the transfer of arms to rogue regimes. At the same time, if not barred by outright bans, the U.S. and other highly-developed countries have the ability to take advantage of advances in science to develop weaponry that can accomplish the military mission in less deadly ways. It makes humanitarian sense, therefore, to avoid agreements that could limit their ability to do so.
I continue to believe that, and especially as to autonomous weapons. But, as we like to say on Lawfire, make you own judgement!
Tags: Autonomous weaponsCharles Dunlapcommand responsibility
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About Maj. Gen. Charles J. Dunlap, Jr., USAF (Ret.)
Charles J. Dunlap Jr., the former deputy judge advocate general of the United States Air Force, joined the Duke Law faculty in July 2010 where he is a professor of the practice of law and Executive Director of the Center on Law, Ethics and National Security. Read more
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text:
Q: eOriginal/eVault integration with DocuSign My company recently signed up for partnership with DocuSign to build your
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We have our own document storage system as well and while we would like
eOriginal to have the authoritative copy of the document, we'd like a copy
of the document to be stored in our solution.
Our initial thought was that after the document was signed, we would
download a copy through your API and store it on our system.
We now wonder if that document would be there.
How soon after a document is signed would be it be pushed to eOriginal?
If there isn't enough guaranteed time to pull the document down, we'd need
to possibly pull it from eOriginal instead.
If we are pulling it from eOriginal, is there any information on how that
would be identified in eOriginal.
I'm not asking for their API. I get that we most likely need to get in
contact with them but is it identified by the same envelopeID?
Please let us know any insight you can provide on this.
We appreciate your assistance

A: The Setup
The configuration you're using all depends on your account settings. Please contact your DocuSign Account Manager to get a better explanation of the options and pricing here.
The most commonly used combination that I see with DocuSign/eOriginal is:
DocuSign Transfers Authoritative Copy to eOriginal

*

*eOriginal stores the Authoritative Copy

*DocuSign stores a copy

As far as timing goes, the event happens when the envelope has been fully completed. It could be anywhere from less than a second up to 15 minutes, depending on how DocuSign and eOrigional's queue's look. It's normally closer to the "instant" side. But I would plan for latency between the two systems.
How eOriginal Stores Envelopes from DocuSign:

*

*eOriginal uses EmailSubject of your Envelope for the Containter ID.

*There is an additional eOriginal Custom Field Xref1 which contains your DocuSign EnvelopeId