text:
U. S. Revenue Proprietary Battleship Cancels
Blank Name
EFO's
2255 images across 1159 distinct Company/Type classifications
A number of years ago I became interested in the variety and number of different cancellations that are to be found on the U. S. Revenue proprietary stamp issues RB20-RB31, a.k.a. the Battleship issue. As I began collecting this issue, I needed a means to keep track of the examples that I had so that I could avoid unnecessary duplication. If the "cataloging" was as simple as tracking the Scott catalog number, it's a no-brainer (only 12 issues in two distinct perforation formats, hyphen-hole and roulette). However, when you throw in that there are literally 1000's of proprietary vendors each with unique, and sometimes multiple, cancel varieties, the task becomes more of a challenge. This website was created so that I could easily track and query my inventory when at various stamp shows and as a means to view and enjoy my collection. Hopefully what I have captured here will enrich the body of material on this interesting issue and be of value to others as well.
History of the 1898 Proprietary Battleship Revenue Issue
In 1862, the United States (the "Northern states", The Union), in order to help finance the Civil War effort, authorized a tax against certain goods, services, and legal activities. Businesses subject to the tax were required to affix a 'revenue stamp' to their product to indicate that the necessary tax was paid for that item. Printing of first, second, and third issue versions of these revenue stamps occurred from 1862-1872. In 1881, the Proprietary Medicine Manufacturers and Dealers Association began pressuring congress to repeal the Civil War Tax and taxation on proprietary medicines was finally halted in 1883.
On the fateful evening of February 15, 1898, the USS Maine sank in Havana Harbor following an explosion. While there were conflicting beliefs at the time on the cause of the explosion, America declared war with Spain on April 25th. Just as "Remember the Alamo" became the rallying cry to unite the American people during the Mexican American war and the independence of Texas, "Remember the Maine" became the rallying cry for the Spanish-American war in remembrance of the sailors killed when the USS Maine exploded and sank.
Eventhough the United States Congress had repealed the revenue tax in 1883, they were aware that the tax was very successful in raising revenues for the Civil War.	With new hostilities underway against Spain, Congress knew there would be a need for revenues to support this new war effort and the War Revenue Tax Bill was enacted in June of 1898. In a rush to print and issue new revenue stamps quickly, the Bureau of Printing and Engraving did not have time to design and engrave a new issue so they used an existing design, that of Admiral Dewey's cruiser that was involved in the battle of Manilla Bay earlier that year. Two designs were issued, one for proprietary use and one for documentary use.
First date of issue was July 1st, 1898 and the tax was repealed effective July 1, 1901 for the drug trade. Some taxes remained until early 1902.
Hyphen-hole vs Roulette
As previously mentioned there were two variants in perforation for this issue: Hyphen-hole and Roulette. A good reference for the difference in these perforation types can be found on 1898 Revenues: Perforation Types. For reference on this site, I have the below illustrated examples. Identification is simplified when the stamps are in multiples as the perforations are more easily distinguished.
Hyphen-hole
The 3/8c block is an example of hyphen-hole perforation and the 5/8c block is an example of roulette perforation. In roulette, no paper is removed during the cutting process. In the hyphen-hole method, a thin rectangular strip (i.e. hyphen) is removed.
Basic Catalog Values
Valuation of any stamp is somewhat subjective. Quality and rarity factor into the equation but one element is simply the market for that specific stamp and what someone is willing to pay for that specific stamp. Given the vast quantity of varieties to the cancellations within this issue, catalog value is virtually meaningless. Is it possible to find issues for sale at or below catalog value? Yes. However, the majority of examples will sell for a markedly higher cost. Presented here are the 2006 catalog values (yeah, I'm not current) for sound copies of this issue excluding any factor the desirability of the cancellation. Keep in mind what the Scott catalog states: "Printed cancellations on proprietary stamps command sizable premiums".
Roulette 5 1/2
Hyphen Hole Perf 7
RB20 1/8c yellow green .20 .20 .20 .20
Block of 4 .50 .50 .75 .70
RB21 1/4c brown .20 .20 .20 .20
Block of 4 .50 .25 .55 1.00
RB22 3/8c deep orange .25 .25 .30 .25
Block of 4 1.10 1.00 1.40 --
RB23 5/8c deep ultra .25 .25 .30 .25
Block of 4 1.25 1.10 1.50 1.25
RB24 1c dark green 2.10 .25 26.00 13.00
Block of 4 10.50 1.10 140.00 67.50
RB25 1 1/4c violet .25 .25 .30 .25
RB26 1 7/8c dull blue 12.00 1.60 32.50 7.75
Block of 4 57.50 -- 160.00 --
RB27 2c violet brown 1.10 .25 6.25 .80
Block of 4 5.00 -- 27.50 --
RB28 2 1/2c lake 4.25 .25 5.25 .30
Block of 4 21.00 1.10 29.00 --
RB29 3 3/4c olive gray 42.50 10.50 72.50 21.00
Block of 4 210.00 -- 350.00 110.00
RB30 4c purple 13.00 1.10 62.50 18.00
RB31 5c brown orange 13.00 1.10 67.50 21.00
Block of 4 62.50 5.75 350.00 175.00
What you will find on this site
The information contained in this site is focused on the 1898 Battleship Proprietary issues (RB20-RB31) and their cancellations. As already stated, the main driver for this site is so I can more easily track and enjoy those issues that I have in my collection. Here you will find several methods of locating issues and example cancellations in the collection.
Alphabetical list of proprietary companies by name
Alphabetical list of patterns found on the stamps
Alphabetical list of issues identified by Chappell-Joyce
Alphabetical list of issues identified by Battleship Desk Reference (BDR)
Alphabetical list of issues currently unidentified
Errors and Oddities
Content on the site is dynamic in that the information pertinent to each issue is maintained in a database, thus the variety and means for locating and displaying items in the collection.
Identification and Attribution
I have used two primary reference sources for identification of the cancellations. The first being American Revenue Association, PROPRIETARY REVENUES OF 1898 PRECANCELED VARIETIES, commonly referred to as the Chappell-Joyce List and the second is the Battleship Desk Reference by Mustachich and Giacomelli. Each of these reference materials attempts to identify variations within the classification of the cancellations, unfortunately, they do not always agree with each other. For this reason, I have chosen to prioritize the use of the Chappell-Joyce identity over that of the Battleship Desk Reference. When showing the cancel type, the reference source will also be shown. Additionally, because the Chappell-Joyce type is presented in a narrative versus a shorthand notation like the BDR uses, there will be a (more) link where not only the narrative may be viewed but also any differences between the Chappell-Joyce method and the Battleship Desk Reference method for type classification.
Of specific note, I do borrow the shorthand notation methodology described in the Battleship Desk Reference (BDR) as well as using this resource as a means to define sub-types for a given proprietary merchant. For the latter, lets say that a given merchant (Alpha Snake Oil) has two distinct cancellations (A. S. O. / year) and (A. S. O. / mm-dd-yy). The first cancel listed in the BDR would be classified as "Type I" and the second as "Type II".
With regard to the shorthand notation, each issue/cancel variety will be shown with this notation to aide in categorization of the cancel variety.
Source of Material
Although many examples in the collection and depicted here have been purchased from various dealers, both on-line and at various stamp shows, many of the finer examples and more scarce cancellations have been acquired from the following:
Richard Friedberg, including many examples from the Walter J. Orton III collection
Robert Mustachich (co-author of the Battleship Desk Reference)
Michael E. Aldrich Stamps
For issues from either the Walter J. Orton III or the Robert Mustachich collections, these issue examples will be shown with an ex-[name] to indicate their source.
Mr. Orton received gold awards for his Proprietary "Battleship" Revenue Stamps of 1898 from Alpha to Omega exhibit, which included the only known set of large die proofs in private hands. He acquired these through private treaty from the The Morton Dean Joyce Collection of United States Revenue Stamps. His exhibit, in its entirety, was purchased by Richard Friedberg.
Wikipedia, Revenue stamps of the United States
R. Mustachich & A. Giacomelli, Battleship Desk Reference: A Study of Proprietary Battleship Revenue Stamps and Their Cancellations, 1999, p. 11
Battleship Desk Reference on-line site
On Beyond Holcombe: The Proprietary Revenue Stamps of 1898
American Revenue Association, PROPRIETARY REVENUES OF 1898 PRECANCELED VARIETIES: (also known as "The Chappell-Joyce List")
Goin' Ape Records
Home • Faq • Contact Us
Goin Ape Records 2017-2021. All rights reserved.


I always tell people to review their assessment each year to see any abnormalities in assessed value as well as square footage on the house. If the county shows your home as having more living area that it actually has this can also result in over assessment. Great post Ryan.
Great point, Tom. That is 100% correct. The wrong property information can certainly lead to an inaccurate assessment. Thanks.
Here in Fla we have limits on how much a property can be adjusted in one year if you win the tax appeal. This obviously dissuades some owners from spending $$ on an appraisal.
It appears there are no such limits in CA?
Thanks. Love your web site. I marvel at how you find the time!
Interesting Julie. I've never heard of such a limit in California. The law you mention in Florida seems to strongly favor the Assessor, which is too bad if they are blatantly wrong. Why should constituents have to essentially pay for the Assessor's errors? Maybe there is a clause in the law somewhere to help out somehow in cases where a property is incredibly off.
One client I consulted with had his property lowered by more than one million dollars in assessed value, which was a reduction around 75% of the total value in just one year. If it's assessed too high, it should be reduced. That's how it plays out in California (thankfully).
Thanks Julie. I appreciate your comment and your kind words.
Thx for reply. I just reviewed laws again and here is some clarification. The limits are guidelines that range from 15% on property assessed under $50K to 5% of assessments over $1 mil.
If the suggested reduction by the VAB does not exceed these guidelines, the County Prop Appraiser MUST except them. If VAB reduction exceeds those limits, PA has authority to appeal VAB decision to Circuit Court (which they did on a high $$ property last year and won). So, still some disincentive to owners with large incorrect assessments.
Thanks Adam. We'll see how it pans out. This is of course for the informal review (not an official appeal that still does require $30. I just wanted to mention that for the sake of clarity for any readers).
Did you have success last year? Did they get you too high again this year even after a decline? I once appealed my property taxes three years in a row, but I have not had to do anything for the past three or so years after the value was finally in sync with the market.
1. You have to contest the value every year… getting your value lowered 1 year does not mean they will start using that value as their base point the next; at least in CA.
2. It definitely differs by state. Assessments in TX are typically done every 2-3 to obtain current market info, sometimes sooner… and with a higher property tax base here.. (2.2-28%)… i think people are much more concerned about property values… because they have a serious affect on your monthly mortgage payment. A $10k increase could bump your mortgage payment up an extra $20-30/month to cover escrow payments. In the ~6 months since i left CA… i seen values go from $220s where i was previously looking, to around the $260s… that'd be an extra $80-90/month in taxes added to the mortgage here… so value increase…while they happen… are much smaller.
As a recommendation… have people look at the market from December to February..save any info they can until appeals time.
That's interesting to hear about your market. It's a good thing the taxes don't skyrocket.


text:
Q: Python : UDP Socket How to Waiting Client Side Reply Bytes String import socketserver
import struct
from collections import namedtuple

class MyUDPHandler(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler):
    def handle(self):
        data = self.request[0].strip()
        socket = self.request[1]
        if len(data) >= 34:
            format_ = "6shhih50s2s"
            MyStruct = namedtuple("MyStruct", "sMark nPackLen nFlag nGisIp nPort sData sEnd")
            tuple_to_send = MyStruct(sMark="\r\n{}".format("*KW").encode("ascii"),
                     nPackLen=struct.calcsize(format_),
                     nFlag=0x0002,
                     nGisIp=0,
                     nPort=0,
                     sData= "*KW,AA05954122,015,080756,#".encode("ascii"),
                     sEnd="\r\n".encode("ascii"))
            string_to_send = struct.pack(format_, *tuple_to_send._asdict().values())
            socket.sendto(string_to_send, self.client_address)
            print('waiting Reply Bytes String from client..') //how to get the reply bytes  string from Client side?
if __name__ == "__main__":
    HOST, PORT = "", 6903
    server = socketserver.UDPServer((HOST, PORT), MyUDPHandler)
    server.serve_forever()

Step 1:Server receive GPS device bytes string.and will get a dynamic IP address

Step 2:when server are get the client dynamic IP already,Server will send a command to client side(GPS Device).

Step 3:Client Side will sending back a bytes string,but i have no idea how to capture the reply bytes string on here.

A: You can do this if server replies to the IP Address and port of the Sender
print('waiting Reply Bytes String from client..') //how to get the reply bytes  string from Client side?
bytes = socket.recvfrom(1024);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Tag: Comoros
EDUCATION CANNOT WAIT ANNOUNCES US$639,000 ALLOCATION TO SUPPORT EMERGENCY RESPONSE IN COMOROS IN THE AFTERMATH OF CYCLONE KENNETH
Education Cannot Wait approved a US$639,000 allocation to get 27,000 children and youth back into safe and protective learning environments in Comoros after Cyclone Kenneth caused widespread destruction in the small island developing state in late April.
With a US$1.4 million funding gap remaining for the educational humanitarian response, Education Cannot Wait calls on donors and partners to step up to meet the full scope of needs. Photo: UNICEF/Comoros
27,282 CHILDREN TO BENEFIT FROM RAPID EDUCATIONAL RESPONSE
1 July 2019, New York – Education Cannot Wait approved a US$639,000 allocation to get 27,000 children and youth back into safe and protective learning environments in Comoros after Cyclone Kenneth caused widespread destruction in the small island developing state in late April.
The Education Cannot Wait grant will reach 61 per cent of the Comoran children and youth affected by the devastating cyclone, including 14,000 girls. It will be implemented in partnership with the Government of Comoros by UNICEF.
With a US$1.4 million funding gap remaining for the educational humanitarian response, Education Cannot Wait calls on donors and partners to step up to meet the full scope of needs.
"This is an unexpected and extremely traumatic experience for children and youth. By providing them with safe and protective learning environments, they are better equipped to cope with their fears and more empowered to regain a sense of normalcy in their lives," said Yasmine Sherif, Director of Education Cannot Wait.
Cyclone Kenneth affected approximately 400 schools across the three islands of Comoros. In all, 213 classrooms were totally destroyed and 465 were partially damaged. This has left approximately 44,800 learners without access to safe schools.
Entire communities were shattered, and many teachers and families lost their homes and were displaced by the disaster. The country also faces multiplying risks like the spread of cholera and other water-borne diseases.
The cyclone and flooding happened right around the annual harvest season causing devastating impacts on agriculture, livestock and fisheries. With communities' livelihoods under such stress, children's access to education is even more at risk, particularly for girls.
Education Cannot Wait's allocation focuses on supporting a swift return to school for affected children. It will help: repair damaged school buildings; provide children, teachers and communities with educational supplies and life-saving messaging on disaster risk reduction and hygiene; and, support the government and communities in building back better after the cyclone.
The allocation also focuses on promoting gender equality and equity. This includes ensuring that the estimated 775 pupils with disabilities living in areas affected by Cyclone Kenneth will not be further disadvantaged in the response and recovery phases.
In addition to Education Cannot Wait's support to the emergency response to Cyclone Kenneth in the Comoros, the Fund is also responding to the urgent educational needs of children in the aftermaths of this year's cyclone season in Southern Africa in Malawi, Mozambique and Zimbabwe.
KEY FACTS AND FIGURES ON THE ALLOCATION
Support to reach 27,282 children in 45 affected communities across the Comoros archipelago
Repair damaged roofs in priority schools for a total of 50 classrooms
Repair and maintenance of gender-sensitive water and sanitation facilities including the restoration of water connection in affected schools
Provide desks for 2,800 pupils
Supply schools with quality learning materials, including 100 'schools in a box' and recreational kits
Train 700 teachers (50 per cent of whom are women) on the use of educational materials, disaster risk reduction and other mechanisms to make schools a safer place to learn and thrive.
Author Greg BenchwickPosted on 1st July 2019 1st July 2019 Categories NewsTags Comoros, First Emergency Response, unicef
EDUCATION CANNOT WAIT AND PARTNERS PUT EDUCATION FIRST AT GLOBAL REFUGEE FORUM
OUR JOINT PLEDGE TO INCREASE FINANCING AND COORDINATION AND IMPROVE EDUCATION FOR REFUGEES
ECW FACILITATED MYRP SOUTH SUDAN 2020-2022
EDUCATION CANNOT WAIT'S COMMITMENT TO REFUGEE EDUCATION
EDUCATION CANNOT WAIT EXPANDS FIRST EMERGENCY RESPONSE IN SAHELIAN NATIONS OF MALI AND NIGER

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Perfect for those who adore the color pink! This bow tie collar is made from repurposed denim and contains a contrasting pink and white gingham pattern on the back side of the bow tie which shows through on one side. The bow tie is detachable so that your dog can be dressed up or down. Bow tie is fastened onto collar with Velcro. There is no Velcro visible on the collar when the bow tie is off. The collar band is made with webbing on the inside for added structure. Comfortable, durable, and super easy to wash!


Get a Free Estimate by A American Fence. Just Give us call.
We offer a wide variety of styles/sizes to fit your needs. Our custom gates offer added security without compromising aesthetics.
Need temporary fencing for your construction site? We offer temporary fence rental at low, competitive rates. Installation and removal included. Purchase options available also.
We offer ornamental pool fencing that meets all industry regulations for height and size as well as different locking entry safety systems.
We build custom gate frames in any size for residential and commercial applications. Whether it's for wood or chain link, we can customize a frame to fit any type of gate entry.
Storm, vehicle, or heavy equipment damage to your fence? We offer gate/fence repair services for damaged/inoperable gates and fencing.
We're a leading provider of Commercial Fencing services. will work with you to come up with a design and price that fits your budget. Just give us a call at 225-665-3849 and we will come by and discuss your project needs. We can recommend the right materials for the project and provide you with a free estimate.
We've been in the fencing business for many years. We're pros at what we do and you can trust us with you property. We specialize in many different types of fences.
Unique Design and Engineered Method A American Fence works with wood, ornamental aluminum, vinyl, composite, wrought iron, and chain link fencing. Regardless of the material, we will work with you on a unique design that is pleasing to the eyes as well as your budget.


This website is owned and operated by the Fitzpatrick Hotel Group, North America, henceforth referred to as "FHG". FHG respects and values the privacy of each visitor to this website, as well as the privacy of each participant in our interactive features. We do not participate in the collection of personal data from website visitors unless it is supplied voluntarily. We do not require personal data to access viewership of this website. Some visitors to this website may choose to provide personal data to register for certain interactive programs and features, and we do not use that data for any purposes other than to provide the services of those interactive programs. We do not share the personal data of website visitors with any individuals or organizations outside of FHG and its agents. Visitors giving permission to us at the time of registration to make subsequent contacts with them to provide information about programs and other offers may be contacted on occasion thereafter. You may cancel registration or permission for subsequent contacts at any time.


I sometimes don't like 'truth' to be told in my face but the impact of truth is that it grows you. Even the nicest tone and approach sometimes gives you that 'ouch'. I have learnt to take it. Truth makes you reflect and realise that you probably need a new method to make it work. The term failure exists to those that accept situations or circumstances to bring them down. When you are determined to reach a goal nothing should stop you from achieving it. For example, if you get feedback that you could have achieved better, don't go away thinking you failed and that you will never do it again. Take every situation as a challenge and use a negative feedback for your own advantage. This attitude means you learn to see things differently and you use every opportunity to grow yourself or your business.
You are forced to work extra hard or smart as compared to the first time. In most activities you will either receive positive feedback or negative feedback, it is only up to you work on the feedback you get. If you have friends who are not giving you feedback, or friends who tell you what you want to hear all the time, then it is time to face the truth. Make them understand that you are ready to grow and they can feedback as it is. Face truth today.


Our Persona is what we would like to be and how we wish to be seen in the world. It is our psychological clothing and mediates between our true selves and the environment.
Our ego is what we are and know about consciously. We need it and it contains our identity. It is when we become "inflated" or "deflated" that we run into difficulties, feel separate, self sabotage and often hurt others.
Our Shadow is that part of us we fail to see or know.
These are the refused and unacceptable characteristics of our personality. Those parts we are not aware of in a conscious sense. They can even be some of the noblest aspects of our personality.
These refused or unacceptable parts don't go away. They collect in the dark corners of our personality and when hidden enough they take a life of their own. If our shadow accumulates more energy than our ego, an overpowering rage can erupt or an indiscretion may slips out. Like the famous televangelist adamantly opposed to homosexuality and then caught having a seven year relationship with a male prostitute and other men in his church. Or the famous New York governor and former Attorney General crusading against corruption - and then found to be spending thousands of dollars on call girls.
Ignoring the "gold" in our personality can also be as damaging. According to Jung, some people may suffer a severe shock or illness before they learn to let their gold out. This gold is our hidden talents, creativity and abilities that are seeking an outlet. If we do not allow them a place in our lives we can feel empty or like we are missing out on a major part of life.
Generally the first half of life is devoted to the cultural process discipline, gaining skills, raising a family, establishing oneself in the world.
The second half of life offers the opportunity to restoring the wholeness (making holy) of life. When we are stuck, this often is seen as the "mid life crisis."
To admit and acknowledge our shadow is to admit that there are many more sides to us than the world usually sees. A great insight from Jung the ego and shadow come to the same source and exactly balance the other. To make light is to make shadow; one cannot exist without the other.
The more refined our conscious personality; the more shadow we have built up on the other side.
Rituals to balance the shadow.
Less effective ways: watching horror movies gangster epics, violence, murder mysteries.
Any repair of our fractured world must start with individuals who have the insight and courage to own their own shadow.
Nothing "out there" will help if the interior projecting mechanism of human kind is operating strongly. Jung was asked if there is hope for mankind? He answered only if enough people do their inner work.
A whole generation can live a modern, civilized life without ever touching much of its shadow nature. Then predictably, (twenty years usually) that un-lived shadow will erupt and a war will burst forth that no one wanted but to which everyone (both men and women) has contributed. (Johnson ) There are better ways of coping with shadow but until they are commonly known and practiced; we will continue to have these outbursts in their most destructive form.
The greater the civilization; the more intent it is upon its own destruction.
Our work then is; for each of us to pick up our own dark side, combine it with our hard earned light, and make something better that the opposition of the two. This is the meaning of holiness ... Making whole or integrating our psyches.
Projection. Projection is always easier than assimilation. "Whenever there is an emotionally charged encounter between two individuals a projection is taking place" (ML von Franz) – What I or we can't accept in ourselves we project onto the other.
William Blake spoke about the need to reconcile these two parts of the self. We should go to heaven for form and hell for energy - and marry the two. When we can face our inner heaven and our inner hell, this is the highest form of creativity. This is what becoming whole is and holy.
When we can love our inner enemy i.e. our own shadow then there is a chance of loving the outer and redeeming the outer. If enough of us do this individually then collectively we will move towards healing the world.
Suggested reading: Inner Work, Using Dreams & Active Imagination For Personal Growth, Owning Your Own Shadow- Understanding the Dark Side of the Psyche by Robert Johnson.


text:
Home — Essay Samples — Literature — A Streetcar Named Desire — First Impression Lies: The Power and Masculinity Exuded by Stanley Kolawski
First Impression Lies: The Power and Masculinity Exuded by Stanley Kolawski
Subject: Literature, Sociology
Category: Plays, Sociology of Gender
Essay Topic: A Streetcar Named Desire, Character, Masculinity
Pages: 3.5
Throughout scenes 1 and 2 of A Streetcar Named Desire, playwright Tennessee Williams presents Stanley as extremely powerful and authoritative through the use of dialogue as well as stage directions. The audience immediately learns how strong Stanley is in a physical sense; however, we soon discover that he is also very controlling in his own animalistic nature. Furthermore, it becomes evident that Stanley regards himself as the dominant partner in his relationship with Stella, as Williams conveys a sense of pre-eminence in Stanley's attitude towards his wife. Each of these factors contribute to Stanley's overall image of forceful masculinity, which grows more apparent as the play progresses.
Stanley's physical appearance is a key aspect of his overall dominance in Streetcar, as it reflects his toughness and boldness throughout the play. For example, in the stage directions Williams describes Stanley as 'strongly, compactly built,' instantly illustrating him as a robust and muscular man. The fact that he is built 'compactly' not only highlights his solidity but also suggests that he is explosive, in the sense that his body is so compressed that he could easily lash out in an act of violence at any second. At the beginning of Act 1 Williams also notes that Stanley 'carries his bowling jacket' and thus reinforces his masculinity. Carla J. McDonough stresses the significance of his athletic image, as she claims that Stanley represents almost everything that Williams was not, yet what he still wanted to be. This reading is important, as it allows the audience to connect with Williams himself, and comprehend the expectations of pure manliness during the 1940's. Further stage directions also hint at Stanley's great strength as he is said to 'heave' a package at Stella and 'pull up a fist-full of costume jewellery' when arguing with his wife about Blanche's supposed fortune. The use of the word 'heave' denotes his energy and strength, and the fact that Williams chooses to state 'fist-full' depicts an image of a great firm hand, therefore reinforcing Stanley's manliness. In addition, Williams produces a strong juxtaposition, as a contrast is made between the strength of Stanley's hulking fist and the delicacy of the cheap jewellery, which he could easily crush in the palm of his hand. It could be debated that this example represents Stanley's control over Blanche – as he is overwhelmingly confident and domineering, while Blanche is very weak and flaky. During the 1940's-1950's in Southern America, there was still a great deal of inequality between men and women; men were still regarded as the dominant gender (both physically and mentally), so it's understandable that Stanley is painted in this powerful light and William's immediately 'warns' the audience about his superiority through his basic appearance.
Williams also presents Stanley in a very bestial manner to demonstrate not only how threatening but also how primitive he is. For example when Stanley is first properly introduced the stage directions state that 'animal joy in his being is implicit in all his movements and attitude'. This reveals Stanley's unsophisticated nature and almost suggests that he is 'a different species' as Stella tells Blanche. The fact that Williams describes his animal joy as 'implicit' stresses his fundamental desire for sex and his own shallow character. He is likened to a 'richly feathered male bird among hens' which indicates how he is the 'leader of the pack' in the sense that he is always surrounded by followers who are often intimidated by him (meaning his dominance is not contested). The phrase 'richly feathered' portrays him as very sensuous and attractive, which is accurate seeing as 'brutal desire' is the mainstay of his relationship with Stella. Furthermore the difference between a menacing male bird and an innocent hen is somewhat significant as it verifies the idea that Stanley has ultimate superiority over all his surrounding subjects. Although Williams mainly focuses on the danger of Stanley's animal nature, a Marxist view may be that Stanley is simply taking on the 'hunter' role to protect his family. For example Stanley is said to return home with a 'red-stained package from the butchers' which connotes to animals killing prey; likewise it can be considered that Stanley is the predator (of Blanche) and defender of his territory (his apartment). Moreover Streetcar is set in the 1940's – a period in which vast numbers of immigrants went to the United States in search of work. Many of these immigrants were Polish (like Stanley) and were often treated unjustly, facing prejudice due to their uneducated backgrounds. Consequently, it is possible that Williams has also produced this animal-like presentation of Stanley to emphasize the basic stereotype of an immigrant during the 1940s-50s. It could be interpreted that Stanley is actually quite insecure and asserts himself as a brutal leader in his own apartment in order to feel like he is more than just a 'filthy immigrant.'
Stanley's lack of polite conversation is another way in which Williams conveys a sense of his self-importance and overall dominance, as it implies that Stanley regards himself as 'in charge' of the dialogue. For example when he first meets Blanche he simply doesn't care about appearing well-spoken or cultured and immediately intrudes by asking her personal questions such as 'you were married once weren't you?' and then following with 'what happened?' This provides an accurate presentation of how rude and abrupt Stanley is; he has no respect for the fact that Blanche may not want to disclose such intimate information with him – especially since they have literally just met one another. It becomes evident that Stanley hates anybody questioning him and he's certainly not afraid to announce his own opinions on every matter; for example, he accuses Blanche of lying about Belle Reve without having any actual evidence. This tactic shows Stanley's utter determination to be right as well as his arrogance, as in the quote 'Have you ever heard of the Napoleonic Code?' Apparent, he sees himself as intelligent and accomplished, so he completely disregards anyone else's views. During Act 2, Stella begins to grow harsher with Stanley as she defends her sister; however, Stanley rapidly re-asserts his authority by bellowing 'Since when do you give me orders?' (which demonstrates how Stanley 'calls all the shots' in his household.) This feature also supports the fact that the majority of immigrants were not very well-educated, as it's evident that Stanley is lacking in basic social courtesy as well as pure respect. In addition his use of explicit speech indicates his desire to present himself as a bold and self-assured figure rather than a meek, pathetic immigrant. A feminist approach to this would note the obedience of Stella towards her husband and her inability to defy him. Stanley's sharp and blunt colloquial speech produces a rather bitter effect and contributes to his general intimidating illustration.
Williams displays Stanley as exuding power in his own relationship with Stella as well, as he appears to be very aware of the fact that he is the more dominant partner in their marriage. Stanley's animosity contrasts greatly with Stella's self-reservation, hence suggesting that Stella is in a much more vulnerable position than Stanley (which he possibly takes advantage of). At the beginning of the play, Williams refers to Stanley as a 'gaudy seed-bearer' in the stage directions, which implies that he is more 'important' as he is effectively responsible for the creation of their baby. The word 'gaudy' reveals how proud he is of himself and suggests that he is rather egotistical too, therefore indicating how confident he feels in his marriage. Williams manipulates Stanley to appear even more nasty by his treatment towards his wife; for example Stanley continuously orders Stella around by asking questions such as 'How about my supper, huh?' This verifies his selfishness and shows how he has little consideration even for those that he supposedly loves – especially as Stella is currently pregnant with his baby. Despite the fact that this question is rather casual, the 'huh' at the end almost produces an accusing tone and makes Stanley sound intimidating; meaning the audience begins to understand how controlling he is towards Stella. Carla J. McDonough believes that Stanley's 'assertiveness is dependent on his relationship with Stella and his ability to crush opposition.' This suggests that Stanley's principal trigger to his oppressive attitude is Stella herself – as she allows Stanley to simply walk all over her and do exactly as he pleases. On the other hand, a feminist may interpret Stanley as purely wanting to live up to typical 1940's expectations of 'masculinity' and therefore acting so authoritatively in order to create a stronger and manlier self-image.
Generally, Williams focuses on presenting Stanley's power from a negative perspective, as he creates a conceited and vulgar image of Stanley. Williams' use of stage directions highlight Stanley's own physical appearance and hint at his bestial nature and primitiveness (which can either be perceived as a setback or contribution to Stanley's power). The clever use of Stanley's dialogue maintains a sense of disrespect towards others and also his self-awareness of his superiority. Nevertheless, it is possible that Williams amplifies Stanley's dominance by producing such weak and fragile surrounding characters; for example, Stella is too afraid to defend her sister, Blanche is far too feeble to protect herself, and ultimately even Mitch fails to confront Stanley about his brutality. Consequently, Stanley's sovereignty is intensified greatly as a result of his frail subjects.
The concealed homosexuality in A streetcar Named desire Essay
A Streetcar Named Desire is at its surface, an undoubtedly heterosexual play. Allan Grey, its unseen gay character, makes homosexuality a seemingly marginal topic within the play. But a deeper reading of the text suggests [...]
Blanche and Mitch Relationship in A Streetcar Named Desire Essay
In the 1947 play A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams, the relationship between Blanche and Mitch is a key subplot in the tale of Blanche's descent into madness and isolation. Whilst Williams initially presents [...]
Effects of War: How PTSD Is Depicted in the Life of Stanley Kowalski Essay
Stanley Kowalski stumbles home drunkenly to his upstairs apartment. He sees his pregnant and glowing wife Stella preparing him dinner. Without explanation, he feels an uncontrollable rage of emotions. Stella is confused and [...]
A marxist criticism of A streetcar Named Desire Essay
Tennessee Williams's play, A Streetcar Named Desire, illustrates the struggle of power between economic classes and the changes taking place in America at that time, regarding social status. The constant tension between Blanche [...]
Reality Versus Illusion in the Streetcar Named Desire Essay
"A picture is worth a thousand words." This timeless saying embodies the ability of imagery to convey multiple messages and themes in an overarching structure. Through detailed nuance, the playwright Tennessee Williams utilizes [...]
African American Women's Empowerment in Literature Essay
"We're people, we're just like the birds and the bees, We'd rather die on our feet, Than be livin' on our knees" ("James Brown Lyrics"). These lyrics for James Brown's classic soul hit "Say It Loud (I'm Black And I'm Proud)" [...]
Twentieth Century American Family Literature: a Tree Grows in Brooklyn, and a Raisin in the Sun Essay
A melodrama is a film which appeals to the emotions of its audience, on a higher level than the simple "drama" genre. The characters of a melodrama are often stereotyped and exaggerated to indicate something about the culture of [...]
"A Raisin in the Sun": Feminism in Lorraine Hansberry's Book Essay
Lorraine Hansberry's A Raisin in the Sun challenges the stereotype of 1950's America as a country full of doting, content housewives. The women in this play, Mama, Ruth and Beneatha, represent three generations of black women [...]
Generational Disparity in Hansberry's a Raisin in the Sun Essay
The African-American experience of growing up in America changed dramatically throughout the course of the twentieth century, thus leading to differing views between the older and younger generations. In Lorraine Hansberry's [...]
First Impression Lies: The Power and Masculinity Exuded by Stanley Kolawski. (2018, April 18). GradesFixer. Retrieved February 9, 2023, from https://gradesfixer.com/free-essay-examples/strong-first-impression-stanley-kowalskis-power-and-masculinity/
"First Impression Lies: The Power and Masculinity Exuded by Stanley Kolawski." GradesFixer, 18 Apr. 2018, gradesfixer.com/free-essay-examples/strong-first-impression-stanley-kowalskis-power-and-masculinity/
First Impression Lies: The Power and Masculinity Exuded by Stanley Kolawski. [online]. Available at: <https://gradesfixer.com/free-essay-examples/strong-first-impression-stanley-kowalskis-power-and-masculinity/> [Accessed 9 Feb. 2023].
First Impression Lies: The Power and Masculinity Exuded by Stanley Kolawski [Internet]. GradesFixer. 2018 Apr 18 [cited 2023 Feb 9]. Available from: https://gradesfixer.com/free-essay-examples/strong-first-impression-stanley-kowalskis-power-and-masculinity/
Sense and Sensibility Essays The Drummer Boy of Shiloh Essays Social Media Essays Maus Essays Pinocchio Essays


Access Denied: This error is caused by a well-known bug in the IMAP implementation used by your email server. This typically affects IMAP servers known as MDaemon email servers.
When asked to produce a list of folders, IMAP servers must indicate whether each folder can be accessed. Because of the bug, the IMAP server indicates that certain folders can be accessed when they are in fact inaccessible. Typically (i.e., for MDaemon email servers), these folders are anti-spam/Public Folders such as "Public Folders/Bayesian Learning". When MigrationWiz later finds that the folder cannot be accessed, the migration is considered failed because of potential data loss, and stops with an "Access Denied" error.
Check to see if your IMAP server has a configuration option allowing mailbox owners to access content in all folders, including Public Folders, stored within the mailbox.
If your IMAP server does not offer any such configuration option, consider excluding folders which are inaccessible. For Mdaemon IMAP servers, filtering all folders under Public Folder should work. Learn more about filtering folders.
How can I reset my MigrationWiz account password?
Your migration failed checking Destination credentials. The collection has not been initialized. It has not been requested or the request has not been executed. It may need to be explicitly requested.


Great post Morgan and I love your weenie dog. We have one too.
THANK YOU our dogs real name is GINGER!
Thanks for supporting my moms blog!
Great post, Morgan! Love the photo. My son, who's 13, read your post too and really liked it – he sends his regards.
yes she is thank you very much for supporting my moms blog!
thank you for supporting my mom!
Your Mom is so very very strong and loves you and your brother so much. You are very thoughtful, to support her with your post. Give her a great big hug from me!


text:
Thoughts Blowing Technique On Nirvana Merchandise
Posted byadmin November 11, 2022 November 18, 2022
Equally, Will Friedwald observes that ray Charles had also launched thematically unified albums at the turn of the 1960s that made him a serious LP artist in R&B, peaking in 1962 with the excessive-promoting Modern Sounds in Country and Western Music. Soundgarden's fourth studio album, Super unknown. This album was released in 1994 and featured songs embody Black Hole Sun and Fell on Black Days. Upon inspecting the lyrics to Mailman, you may notice that this track is admittedly coming from the devil's perspective and his temptations. In 1986, Dire Straits' Brothers in Arms became the primary album to promote over one million copies on CD. This led to the modern album launch, intended to drive an album's advertising and marketing momentum for a prolonged period, starting from many weeks and months to more than a year.
The Wii Fit makes use of a revolutionary steadiness board in concert with the Wii system's nun-chucks-like Wiimote controllers to get people transferring via a collection of exercises that feel extra like enjoyable than fitness. It is a political grunge track, but like most grunge songs, it focuses on the fact that individuals have to take action and pay down the federal government. Most guys like fathers; they love listening to it; how ladies, especially mothers and grandmothers, assume that it may break their eardrums and those who want classical music. The clue is a sport, the place you must attempt to work out who is answerable for the crime and what weapon was used. They didn't have much commercial success, and they were thought about as the pioneers of grunge.
While some consider L7 a punk band, a few of their songs fell below the grunge style. They had been the unique singers of Lake of Hearth and Plateau, two songs performed by Nirvana of their unplugged particular. Pearl Jam was formed in Seattle, Washington, in 1990. Their first album, Ten, had eleven songs on it. 1991. W.M.A. was on their second studio album, Vs. The music was impressed by an encounter with the police that Eddie Vedder had during which he stood after a man of color, and nirvana Store the police proceeded to harass the man of color while ignoring Vedder. It was the last decade that rang out the quit of the 20 th century and all its cultural upheavals, all while ushering in the 21st century with several technological innovations.
Are you Seeking Ways to make your Online Casino Profitable?
Surefire Ways Hagerty Barn Finds Will Drive Your small business.


The pathway to global glory has become clearer after the match schedule for the FIFA Club World Cup Japan 2016, presented by Alibaba E-Auto, was announced. The tournament, which will be played between 8-18 December, features the six continental club champions and a representative of the host nation.
The tournament will take place at the Suita City Football Stadium in Osaka and the International Stadium Yokohama, with the latter to host the final having also previously been the venue for the deciding match of the 2002 FIFA World Cup Korea/Japan between Brazil and Germany.
2014 FIFA Club World Cup champions Real Madrid were the most recent club to book their ticket to Japan when they won the UEFA Champions League in May, with South America's representative to be determined when the Copa Libertadores final is played later this month. The two other confirmed participants are Club America (CONCACAF) and Auckland City FC (OFC) who both won their respective continental championships in April.
They will eventually be joined by the winners of the AFC Champions League winners and the CAF Champions League, as well as the J.League champions representing the host nation. Further information on the tournament can be found on FIFA.com, including a Japanese language version.


text:
Eleventh Night bonfires: Terraced homes gutted as blaze sparked by embers blown onto roofs in Belfast
Two homes adjacent to the Hopewell Square bonfire were destroyed and at least one other house was damaged Credit: Stephen Barnes/Alamy Live News
Telegraph Reporters
12 July 2016 • 12:13pm
A row of terraced houses caught fire close to one of the huge loyalist bonfires lit in Northern Ireland to usher in the main date of the parading season.
Two homes adjacent to the Hopewell Square bonfire in Belfast's Shankill Road were gutted when a blaze broke out on the roofs of the terrace at around 1am. At least one other house was damaged.
It is suspected that hot bonfire embers were blown on to the roofs by the wind.
Three houses were damaged by a bonfire in the Shankill Road area Credit: REUTERS/Clodagh Kilcoyne
Hot bonfire embers are believed to have been blown on to the roofs by the wind Credit: REUTERS/Clodagh Kilcoyne
The traditional Eleventh Night fires marked the start of commemorations of the victory of the Protestant King William of Orange over Catholic King James II at the Battle of the Boyne in Ireland in 1690.
Almost 600 loyal order parades will take place across Northern Ireland on Tuesday to mark the Twelfth of July.
One of the largest 11th night Bonfires in the lower Shankill road area of Belfast Credit: PAUL FAITH/AFP/Getty
The total number of call-outs received by the Northern Ireland Fire & Rescue Service (NIFRS) overnight was up on last year.
Of the 123 calls between 9pm and 1am, 42 were bonfire-related. At 16 of those callouts, firefighters had to actively intervene.
A man climbs up one of the largest 11th night bonfires ahead of the lighting Credit: Paul Faith/AFP/Getty
As well as Belfast, fire crews attended bonfire-related incidents in Bangor, Coleraine, Banbridge, Rathfriland, Dungannon, Derry City, Portadown, Ballyhalbert and Limavady.
The NIFRS said there were no reports of any crews being attacked.
The lighting of the towering bonfires, most built with stacks of wooden pallets, drew thousands of onlookers, but the structures were again the source of controversy, despite the efforts of organisers to improve their image.
A bonfire is lit on the Shanhill Road in Belfast Credit: Niall Carson/PA
To their defenders they make for a family-friendly, spectacular celebration of loyalist/Protestant culture; to their detractors they are potentially dangerous, environmentally damaging, magnets for anti-social behaviour and alienating to nationalists.
There were complaints of the burning of Sinn Fein election posters made for May's Stormont Assembly poll as well as the use of toxic tyres.
A loyalist is silhouetted as the bonfire is lit on the Shankill estate Credit: Charles McQuillan/Getty
In recent years, bonfire builders have faced criticism after items linked to the nationalist/republican tradition - such as Irish flags and posters, and effigies of high-profile politicians - were placed on top of some of the fires and torched.
Last year, homes near Chobham Street in east Belfast had to be evacuated over fears that the giant nearby bonfire could topple on to property.
Rishi Sunak to chair Whitehall taskforce to lead bonfire of EU red tape


text:
British Association for Labour Legislation
Reference code(s) : GB 0097 COLL MISC 0818
Held at : British Library of Political and Economic Science
Click here to find out how to view this collection at http://www.lse.ac.uk/library ›
Full title : British Association for Labour Legislation
Level of description : Collection (fonds)
Extent : One folder
Name of creator(s) : British Association for Labour Legislation
The British Association for Labour Legislation was a small group of people who were attached to the London School of Economics. The association dealt with issues such as the health and welfare of workers, education and the implementation of a National Health Service.
Minutes, agendas and papers of the Executive Committee of the British Association for Labour Legislation. The file includes papers submitted to the minutes on national health, post-war reconstruction, education for democracy (by R H Tawney) and hours of work. The committee also discussed conditions which prevailed in air raid shelters.
APPLY TO ARCHIVIST
No further list required
National Register of Archives: Click here to view NRA record
Output from CAIRS using template 14 and checked by hand on May 8, 2002
8 May 2002; revised 20 May 2002
State security
War damage
Tawney | Richard Henry | 1880-1962 | historian
LSE | London School of Economics and Political Science x London School of Economics and Political Science


text:
Google's Free Turn-by-Turn GPS Navigation Not Coming To The iPhone
Posted by iPhoneHacks on Apr 23, 2010 in iPhone Apps, iPhone News
We had reported yesterday that Google was planning to bring the Google Maps turn-by-turn GPS Navigation with voice guidance to the iPhone, which was recently released for Android devices.
We were quite excited as it was free and included some cool features such as ability to search in plain English just like you would on Google, search by voice, Traffic, Satellite and Street views and more.
PCWorld is reporting that Google spokesperson has denied the rumors that it plans to bring free turn-by-turn GPS Navigation with voice guidance to the iPhone.
"We did not say we would bring it to iPhone, we said to date we've had it on Android and that in the future it may come to other platforms but did not confirm this will be coming to iPhone at all,"
It's not clear why Google isn't planning to bring the free turn-by-turn GPS Navigation with voice guidance to the iPhone, which is the biggest smartphone platforms.
We wonder if its related to Apple rejecting Google Voice and Latitude iPhone apps.
This is bad news for iPhone users but folks at TomTom and Garmin will be relieved that Google won't be competing with them anytime soon at least on the iPhone platform.
[via PCWorld]


text:
#include <sys/cdefs.h>
__FBSDID("$FreeBSD: releng/10.1/lib/libelf/elf_errmsg.c 241720 2012-10-19 05:43:38Z ed $");

#include <libelf.h>
#include <string.h>

#include "_libelf.h"

/*
 * Retrieve a human readable translation for an error message.
 */

static const char *_libelf_errors[] = {
#define	DEFINE_ERROR(N,S)	[ELF_E_##N] = S
	DEFINE_ERROR(NONE,	"No Error"),
	DEFINE_ERROR(ARCHIVE,	"Malformed ar(1) archive"),
	DEFINE_ERROR(ARGUMENT,	"Invalid argument"),
	DEFINE_ERROR(CLASS,	"ELF class mismatch"),
	DEFINE_ERROR(DATA,	"Invalid data buffer descriptor"),
	DEFINE_ERROR(HEADER,	"Missing or malformed ELF header"),
	DEFINE_ERROR(IO,	"I/O error"),
	DEFINE_ERROR(LAYOUT,	"Layout constraint violation"),
	DEFINE_ERROR(MODE,	"Incorrect ELF descriptor mode"),
	DEFINE_ERROR(RANGE,	"Value out of range of target"),
	DEFINE_ERROR(RESOURCE,	"Resource exhaustion"),
	DEFINE_ERROR(SECTION,	"Invalid section descriptor"),
	DEFINE_ERROR(SEQUENCE,	"API calls out of sequence"),
	DEFINE_ERROR(UNIMPL,	"Unimplemented feature"),
	DEFINE_ERROR(VERSION,	"Unknown ELF API version"),
	DEFINE_ERROR(NUM,	"Unknown error")
#undef	DEFINE_ERROR
};

const char *
elf_errmsg(int error)
{
	int oserr;

	if (error == 0 && (error = LIBELF_PRIVATE(error)) == 0)
	    return NULL;
	else if (error == -1)
	    error = LIBELF_PRIVATE(error);

	oserr = error >> LIBELF_OS_ERROR_SHIFT;
	error &= LIBELF_ELF_ERROR_MASK;

	if (error < 0 || error >= ELF_E_NUM)
		return _libelf_errors[ELF_E_NUM];
	if (oserr) {
		strlcpy(LIBELF_PRIVATE(msg), _libelf_errors[error],
		    sizeof(LIBELF_PRIVATE(msg)));
		strlcat(LIBELF_PRIVATE(msg), ": ", sizeof(LIBELF_PRIVATE(msg)));
		strlcat(LIBELF_PRIVATE(msg), strerror(oserr),
		    sizeof(LIBELF_PRIVATE(msg)));
		return (const char *)&LIBELF_PRIVATE(msg);
	}
	return _libelf_errors[error];
}

#if	defined(LIBELF_TEST_HOOKS)

const char *
_libelf_get_unknown_error_message(void)
{
	return _libelf_errors[ELF_E_NUM];
}

const char *
_libelf_get_no_error_message(void)
{
	return _libelf_errors[0];
}

#endif	/* LIBELF_TEST_HOOKS */

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Can you keep up with the pace of the fastest runners? Take a peek into your fellow runners' running data (anonymized, of course).
Double Olympian Eilish McColgan shares her top 10 tips on how to stick to your running New Year's resolution.
Good news everyone! You can now connect your Polar Flow account with Nike+ Run Club.
We made training analysis more thorough than ever. Open any individual training session and dig deeper into the details with the improvements in Polar Flow's training analysis view – available now in the web service. Watch the video to learn more.
Looking for new routes? Want to know how others are training around the world? Try out the updated Explore view in Polar Flow.
Watch the video to get to know the updated Polar Flow Explore view and get ready to explore the world.
Blogger and weight-loss superstar Katie Bolden shares her tips on making the most out of the connection between Polar Flow and MyFitnessPal.
Now there's an easy way to edit the sport profiles via the Polar Flow app. Read how you can make the most out of Polar sport profiles.
Polar's free Running Program is a personal and adaptive running plan for runners training for 5K, 10K, half marathon and marathon. Here's how to get started.


text:
Dark Utilities: New C2-as-a-Service
Emerging Threats
August Th, yyyy
Researchers have spotted a new service named Dark Utilities that offers an easy and less expensive way for cybercriminals to set up their own C2 center for performing malicious operations.
The Dark Utilities service
The Dark Utilities service offers attackers a platform that supports Linux, Windows, and Python-based payloads. The service removes the efforts of setting up the C2 communication channel.
The operation is a C2-as-a-service (C2aaS) that promotes a reliable, anonymous C2 center.
For now, the service, along with additional functions is being offered at the starting price of €999 ($1,021).
Currently, the service has 3,000 active subscribers, bringing the total revenue to about €30,000 ($30, 664).
Researchers suspect that this service has been created and is managed by someone using the persona Inplex-sys.
Platform architecture
The service, emerged in early 2022, offers C2 capabilities on both Tor and the Clear Web.
It hosts payloads in a decentralized network system for saving and sharing data, Interplanetary File System (IPFS).
The platform supports multiple architectures. It seems that the operators are planning on expanding the list to offer a larger set of options for systems that could be targeted.
Further, the platform added support for ARMV71/ARM64 architectures, which are useful for targeting different embedded devices such as phones, IoTs, and routers.
Operational details
This subscription-based platform provides several feature options to its users while setting up their C2.
Selecting an OS generates a command string that attackers need to add into PowerShell or Bash scripts to enable the retrieval and execution of the payload on the targeted systems.
The selected payload can be used to establish persistence on the targeted system by creating a Registry key on Windows OS, by Crontab entry, or a Systemd service on Linux.
Additionally, the administrative panel of the platform comes with different modules for different types of attacks, such as DDoS and cryptojacking.
In addition, the operators have set up support communities on Discord and Telegram to provide technical help and support to their customers.
The availability of ready-to-use C2aaS offerings at such low prices allows adversaries to carry out attacks quickly without much hassles of setting up a command center. The Dark Utilities service has already amassed thousands of subscribers due to its low prices, and it is further expected to attract more adversaries. To keep up with such threats and combat them, it is essential to continuously review and enhance defense mechanisms.
Dark Utilities
C2 servers
GwisinLocker Targets Windows and Linux ESXi Servers in ...
Metaverse and Cybersecurity Threats
Trends, Reports, Analysis


Although MaxDSL is advertised as "Up to 8Mb", in reality even if you have an excellent line and manage to sync at the full 8128 kbps, the very maximum throughput speed you can receive will be nearer 7Mb due to ATM and other overheads.
More information about the actual dslMax products themselves can be found on my maxDSL page.
Sync speed is the rate which you connect (synchronise) to the local exchange at. This speed is negotiated between your router and the DSLAM at the exchange and will be subject to line conditions such as your SNR Margin and line length.
With maxDSL it is quite possible that your sync speed may vary each time you connect. - It is not unusual to get better sync speeds during the early hours of the day/night than in the evening.
Various factors can cause more noise on the line in the evening, which may result in a lower sync speed.
When an End User logs on with maxdsl an "Event" will be sent to the DSLAM. Your modem/router will negotiate with the DSLAM what speed your line can achieve. Details of these events are monitored by the DLM. Some users may notice a slight increase in the time it takes to sync to the exchange due to this negotiation process.
To give your line the best chance at attaining higher and more stable speeds it is recommended that you follow the tips on my low SNR page.
Maximum Stable Rate. (MSR) - Training / Stabilisation Period.
During the first 10 days on MAX details of your logon/sync events are recorded in an Event Collector which every 15 minutes then sends this information to RAMBO.
RAMBO collates events from all users and analyses each users data over a 10 day period to find the Maximum Stable Rate (MSR) for their particular line. The MSR is set from the lowest achieved rate over this 10 day period rounded down to the nearest 0.5Mb. A notification after this period is sent to the RAP profile and your ISP.
During your first ever log in to maxdsl, information is sent from RAMBO over to RAP which forwards the details over to the DSLAM at the exchange in order to set your sync speed.
Sync speeds (and Data Rates) for poorer lines can and will vary over the this training period and users may experience frequent disconnects and slower speeds until their most stable rate is found.
The 10 day training period is often referred to as the "Stabilisation Period", and will only commence once a line has been in sync for 15 mins or more - not necessarily the date from when the line is maxed. There is a rolling 10 day period which allows flexibility if for some reason sync is not attained during the immediate period after the line being maxed (such as holidays and the router is switched off).
There's been a lot of talk/hype about the MSR, but in day to day use it doesn't really do much as its main purpose is to set your Fault Threshold Rate.
Your MSR will generally stay the same throughout MAXdsl, although a BTw engineer can request the MSR process can be restarted. There has also been some rumours that the MSR process can be restarted during migration but this is not the case. particularly in the when of migrating between 2 IPStream ISPs.
With Datastream products, BTw will collate the relevant information but not send it over to the bRAS since this equipment is owned by the DS provider. Instead the information is sent in a report to the DS ISPs so that they can apply the speed to their own bRAS. Once the 10 days have passed BT will also advise the DS provider the stable rate.
Once your MSR has been set, BTw use this figure to calculate your Fault Threshold Rate which is in the region of 70% of your MSR. BTw will only investigate speed related faults if your speed drops to below the Fault Threshold Level.
The Data Rate is the fastest speed (throughput) that you will be able to download at and is profiled by BT at the bRAS.
A maximum throughput level is needed to stop more data than your line can physically achieve being sent down the backhaul and being dropped at the DSLAM.
For more information see bRAS / IP profile page.
The Data Rate should not be confused with the MSR.
Some ISPs allow you to check your Data Rate. PlusNet customers can view their Data Rate here.
Many customers have found themselves with the dreaded "Stuck bRAS profile". This is when despite constantly syncing at much higher speeds, your IP profile remains stuck at 1mb/2Mb. For some reason the DLM system hasn't picked up that you have been upgraded from your traditional adsl speed to your new sync speed.
Personal observations tend to show that it is generally the better lines which tend to get stuck on their old 2Mb speed, possibly because their SNR is better and they suffer from fewer fluctuations.
If your newly maxed connection constantly syncs at high speeds for more than 3 days, and you cant get speeds over 2Mb, check your IP profile on the BT Performance test. If this figure shows as 2000 for more than 3 days, then the likelyhood is that you have a stuck bRAS profile. In this case you need to contact your ISP to ask BTw to reset your IP profile.
The Signal to Noise Ratio on the max product is more flexible than on traditional adsl. On the older fixed line speed products an SNR Margin of less than 6dB suggested that there was a problem with the line.
With Max a target SNR margin is set on the DSLAM and its your router and the DSLAM that agree the best way of meeting this target margin. The target margin range is between 3dB and 15dB and rises in 3dB increments - although it is normal for it to fluctuate either side during the training period. The default is 6dB without interleaving.
When the user logs on they send information (line data) to the DSLAM including details of any errors on the line.
The information is collated by the Data Collector which in turn sends it to the Dynamic Line Management system. Its the job of the DLM to analyse the data from the DSLAM and RAMBO to then decide if there is a stable line. If not if any changes to the SNR should be made and/or Interleaving should be used. The constant management ensures that the circuit remains within the set threshold.
If any changes need to be made the DLM sends the information via the flow stream to NCAS.
NCAS then reports to the DSLAM which then makes the relevant changes to the individual users line card. This process will be repeated to ensure the correct changes have been made.
If necessary this process will be continually repeated changing the SNR and/or interleaving until the line is deemed stable.
The DLM process is carried out every time you are connected and not just within the first 10 days.
Configurable attributes of the DLM are SNR and Interleaving.
MaxDSL products and how it differs from traditional adsl.