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November eResearch Update
eRPM Release 4.3
The eResearch Proposal Management system (eRPM) was updated on Monday, November 14, 2016. Updates include:
New Streamlined Agreement Acceptance Request Process
We have a new, streamlined process to accommodate additional approvals required at the time of agreement for awards and unfunded agreements. They can now be accepted or signed off in the eResearch Proposal Management (eRPM) by a new activity instead of by a posted comment.
This affects the acceptance of awards and unfunded agreements that may involve:
indirect costs (IDC)
budget changes of +/- 20%
items initiated by the Office of Research and Sponsored Projects (ORSP) or the Office of Technology Transfer
PAF-Rs
ORSP's Standard Operating Procedure for Award Acceptance
eRPM PI & Project Team step-by-step procedure
PAF Workspace changes
A status map graphic has been added to easily identify the current status of the PAF. Workspace messages will appear in the left navigation area and have a consistent format.
PAF Status Map information
Export Controls - Technology Plans
Automated process replaces existing paper-based process for creation, review, and approval of Technology Control Plans related to use of Export Controlled materials.
eRPM step by step procedures:
PI/PT Complete and Route TCP
Key Personnel Sign TCP
IT Manager Sign TCP
For more information on all eRPM updates, please visit the eRPM What's New page.
For questions, please contact the ITS Service Center at (734) 764-HELP (4-4357), option 3 or via email at 4help@umich.edu.
http://its.umich.edu/help
Monday-Thursday: 7:00 a.m.-7:00 p.m.
Friday: 7:00 a.m.-6:00 p.m.
Sunday: 2:00 p.m.-7:00 p.m.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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New Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSU) launched
Part of: Prelims and GS II – Defence and security
Context Indian Prime Minister recently launched seven new Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSU), incorporated after the dissolution of the Ordnance Factory Board (OFB).
Under the initiative of Atmanirbhar Bharat, the goal is to make India a military power globally on its own strength and also develop a modern indigenous defence industry.
The Ministry of Defence (MoD) has converted all pending orders with the 41 factories of the OFB into deemed contracts worth over Rs. 65,000 crore for the new companies.
The over 70,000 employees of the OFB (Group A, B & C) units have been transferred to the new DPSUs on terms of foreign service without any deputation allowance initially for a period of two years.
The new structure will help overcome various shortcomings in the existing system of OFB and encourage companies to become competitive and explore new opportunities in the market including exports.
The seven new companies are Munitions India Limited, Armoured Vehicles Nigam Limited, Advanced Weapons and Equipment India Limited, Troop Comforts Limited, Yantra India Limited, India Optel Limited, and Gliders India Limited.
Arecanut
Commission for Air Quality Management report


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Podcast: Revolutions in Vertical Flight S2 E1 - The Search and Rescue Mission
7th September 2021 - 12:00 GMT | by Studio
In this episode, we'll hear from industry experts and helicopter operators about the rise of the helicopter as a search and rescue machine, and how they're saving lives today.
Singapore brings home additional batches of helicopters
New Chinook engine offers advantages for future operations (Studio)
British Army starts AH-64E attack helicopter flight tests
Ace Aeronautics | A Next Gen, Turnkey Solution for Black Hawk Operators (sponsored video)
The Answer - 40 Years of the Chinook in the UK (Studio)
IDEX 2019: Middle Eastern nations strengthen air advantage (video)
ACE DECK VL-60: The Next Generation of Flight Decks (sponsored video)
Welcome to Shephard Studio's podcast series on Revolutions in Vertical Flight, sponsored by our partner Bell.
Listen on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Spotify and more.
In our first series, we learnt about the history of vertical flight and discovered the key pioneers and revolutionary moments that created the rotorcraft industry we know today.
In this second series, we learn more about the helicopter's role in society, and how it helps overcome obstacles, protect the public and ultimately save lives.
We'll hear from a range of operators about how they use helicopters to carry out those tasks that are too expensive or dangerous to conduct by other means. We consider the future, discovering how greater autonomy is poised to reshape the role of rotorcraft even further.
In this episode, we focus on the search and rescue mission.
The helicopter's lifesaving role was a key motivation in the early days of its development. Since their introduction to the role, helicopters have only grown in importance in search and rescue, saving lives in almost every environment and operational context for militaries on the battlefield, to coast guards in sectors such as oil and gas.
Episode 2 of the second series: The Lifesaving Helicopter is here.
A transcript of this episode is below:
Mike Suldo 00:07: Because of the alligators and the mosquitoes, nobody wanted to go in there. But the helicopters could get them in.
Tyler Johns 00:12: The only way that person can get rescued, because of where they're at, is with a helicopter.
Stan Rose 00:18: We are all ne'er do wells on the part of the ride 'em never check 'em generation.
Josh Forteza 00:32: Well, this is my first air unit, so I don't have too many stories quite yet.
Narrator 00:38 This is Lieutenant Josh Forteza, a helicopter pilot at US Coast Guard Air Station, Humboldt Bay in California.
Josh Forteza 00:47: I was involved in a rescue in 2017. It was about 9:30 at night. Pretty dark night and a young man fell down a cliff up near Crescent City. Just a sheer cliff face. He was about 200 feet above the water, which was just breaking surf below him. All we knew was where he was at and that he was clinging to the side of the cliff. We got out there. We were only able to find him because we had our night vision goggles down and he had a little bit of battery left on his phone. He was able to flash the light on it and it just lit up like the moon or the sun. It was that bright. We knew exactly where he was. He was live.
We were able to determine that we didn't quite have the power yet that the aircraft was unable to sustain a hover at about 250 feet because of the trees, and the just the sheer vertical cliff. We had to go offshore, get a little lighter, burn some fuel down, and then we were able to come back. It probably wasn't that assuring for the young man on the cliffs seeing the helicopter fly away. But it was in his best interest for us to get a little lighter first and increase our power margin. We came back around, conducted a hoist from about 250 feet above him. It was about a 500 foot above the water hoist when it was all said and done. We were able to land at Crescent City and get him back home safe. That was the situation or the case that I fondly remember. It was my first search and rescue case here on the Lost Coast and I'll never forget it. It was a great happy story.
Narrator 02:42: Welcome to Shephard Studios Revolutions in Vertical Flight, brought to you in partnership with Bell. In our first series, we learnt about the history of vertical flight and discovered the key pioneers and revolutionary moments that created the rotorcraft industry we know today. In this second series, we learn more about the helicopter's role in society, and how it helps overcome obstacles, protect the public and ultimately save lives. We'll hear from a range of operators about how they use helicopters to carry out those tasks that are too expensive or dangerous to conduct by other means. We consider the future, discovering how greater autonomy is poised to reshape the role of rotorcraft even further.
Igor Sikorsky 03:39: I would like to mention briefly just one, which is particularly valuable and particularly dear to me, which is which to my mind forums, one of the most glorious pages of human flight. It is a story of air rescue by airplanes, and lately by helicopters. Concerning the helicopters to my information and I made a reasonably accurate study the number of lives that have been saved, may be considerably above 100,000. It is probably reaching possibly already exceeding 200,000 lives. Now this is the result, not merely of the ships, but mostly and mainly of the skill, ability and courage of our flying man. All of them. Therefore to this flying man in completing my address, I would like to express this time, my thankfulness and friendship, my deepest respect and admiration. I thank you all.
Narrator 04:49: That was Igor Sikorsky. Speaking in 1967 after being awarded the Wright Brothers Memorial Trophy. It's no surprise that the helicopter pioneer chose to highlight search and rescue in his acceptance speech. In fact, as we heard in series one, for Igor Sikorsky and other pioneers, the helicopter's lifesaving role was a key motivation in the early days of its development. In the decades since Sikorsky speech, helicopters have only grown in importance in search and rescue, saving lives in almost every environment and operational context for militaries on the battlefield, to coast guards in sectors such as oil and gas. In this episode, we'll hear from industry experts and helicopter operators about the rise of the helicopter as a search and rescue machine, and how they're saving lives today. But first, here's Igor Sikorsky's son Sergei, speaking at the National Air and Space Museum in Washington DC to provide more context to his father's life saving goal.
Sergei Sikorsky 06:02: The helicopter began to grow in size in versatility. Very shortly after that, he returned to that very first dream of his. The helicopter as a lifesaving mechanism. The first rescue hoists were built at that time. I was honoured, privileged, in the military service to be of the small team, with the Coast Guard at Floyd Bennett Field to develop and perfect to the rescue hoist and the rescue basket, and a number of other things connected to the helicopter, capable of being used then as a true lifesaving machine.
Today the helicopter in various military services, - I think General you might recognise that machine there - is being used around the world. It also has and continues my father's dream of a machine for the saving of human lives. To design and build a helicopter is a relatively simple thing. That if the helicopter has any reputation at all, it is because of the men and the women that fly them. It is not the manufacturer. It is the people that fly them. The people here that go out into harm's way. Sometimes into terrible weather, well beyond handbook weather limits. Go out there. For instance, as the Coast Guard goes almost on a daily basis up in Alaska.
The helicopter has become a unique instrument in my father's vision for the saving of human lives. You can go on and on with rescues. You can go on with rescues in Acapulco. In 1956, when a hurricane hit, and there happened to be by coincidence, an American aircraft carrier with a marine H-34 squadron onboard. Those guys saved 12,000 Mexicans in the next two days, from certain death in the floods. You can take Katrina more recently, where over 42,000 inhabitants were lifted out by helicopter. 42,000 people. Very many of which, if it had not been for the helicopter would probably have died for lack of food, for lack of water. Because there were places in there that you couldn't swim and you couldn't wade through it. Because there were too many snakes around.
You can take others. For instance, relatively unknown here, India, a year ago, suffered a typhoon a very freak typhoon that dumped tonnes of water on the foothills in Nepal. Two rivers flooded and over 120,000 people in those provinces were trapped, with no way of getting out, and no way of getting in. With flooded waters with landslides and snow slides and glacier slide, all over the place. The Indian Air Force and Army mustered all of their helicopters. The helicopter started shuttling into these places, flying in medicine, flying in doctors and medical technicians and flying out severely and critically wounded. In eight days, that fleet of Indian military helicopters, we're talking jam packed, no seat belts, no safety belts nothing. We just rammed them into the aircraft until the cabin was jammed. Then you made a running takeoff and prayed that the engines would run, and they flew out. In those very brief few days, the Indian Air Force evacuated 68,000 people from the flooded areas.
Narrator 10:35: Igor Sikorsky is work in the 1940s, particularly through the development of the R-4 hoverfly pioneered the lifesaving capabilities of helicopters. The hoverfly has the distinction of rescuing the first civilian by helicopter in April 1944, and later that year conducting the first helicopter combat rescue mission in Burma. These efforts took place against a rapidly developing technological backdrop. Here is Jeremy Graham, a Fellow of the Royal Aeronautical Society and former chief engineer for Augusta Westland.
Jeremy Graham 11:13: In 1945, a Focke-Achgelis 223 dragon was flown into AFEE, which is airborne forces experimental establishment I believe. With it came documentation and manuals. I don't believe the aircraft came with the hardware but in the manuals was a search and rescue hoist arrangement. So clearly, Fokker had in mind that his aircraft would be used for search and rescue activities. I'm sure the entire focus at that stage was rescuing military aircrew that have been downed and had to be recovered. Folklore in the industry says that the first search and rescue mission was conducted by an R-4, what we would call hoverfly in the UK, the Sikorsky R-4 flying in Burma in April of 1944. The actual mission, first mission that was performed is a little less clear, because depending on what you read, it was either rescuing chindits soldiers who'd been badly wounded, or American aircrew who had to bail out. In both cases, though, that aircraft although it was very performance limited, managed to achieve the recovery of the injured personnel in a matter of hours per flight. But certainly the chindit case where they brought back I think three soldiers, I believe it took them three days to do it. But each flight was a matter of hours, as opposed to weeks on foot to rescue these people.
As far as I know, that is the first use of a rotorcraft as a search and rescue vehicle. I'm quite sure that Sikorsky and all the other original designers are practical, and probably impractical helicopters had in mind, exactly this mission, the recovery of people in distress, that could not be reached by any other means. Well where you've got a situation where the fixed wing alternative could not land, then clearly an aircraft that can hover over the distressed person is going to make recovery practical, achievable, whereas otherwise it wouldn't be. I wouldn't say necessarily a perfect solution because you have to need to stop to pick somebody up and have no landing site and no recognised landing site as well.
If you had the luxury of being able to use a fixed wing to achieve the recovery, likelihood is you would reach further and certainly go faster. But in many cases, of course, that luxury isn't available. Looking at the history of the R-4, the hoverfly there were lots of experiments done both in the US and in the UK. I suspect elsewhere as well. Trying to understand how the helicopter as a flying vehicle could be used in this role. Hoverfly although it achieved the first actual rescues, had a very limited performance. The rescues in Burma were right at the edge of the aircraft's capability. Probably if it hadn't been in wartime with the guys being rescued, or haven't been severely wounded, that probably wouldn't have launched the mission. It was simply very marginal. But nonetheless, the aircraft proved useful to experiment with ways and means of achieving a rescue, with the command and control that you might need with the concept of operation with the type of flying that's required.
The air crew were able to train for the mission, even if they weren't able really to have an aircraft under them that had the performance that would make it truly useful. That went on through the 40s in both countries. I don't know of any civil organisation at that stage that was actually experimenting with the rotorcraft for this role. All the work that I'm aware of was very heavily focused on the military application, the recovery of downed military aircrew, the evacuation of wounded ground forces.
Narrator 15:59: So how did we get from there to here? As we will hear again later in the series, the use of helicopters during the Korean War, and later in Vietnam firmly placed rotorcraft on the path is air rescue machines in the civilian world.
Jeremy Graham 16:16: The Korean War gave it a massive push. An American Air Force had what we would call S51s or dragonflies, I believe they call them H-5s. The American Air Force deployed these in Korea from the very earliest time. It was pretty quickly deployed across the front line as well. Incursions into enemy airspace was very quickly adopted by these aircraft. You can trace the genesis of how the US Air Force operates today, with a sort of multi-layered arrangement of fast jets, helicopters and other aircraft where they're all mutually supportive of each other. The helicopter is actually doing the recovery of the downed personnel but the other aircraft have a very important spotting and protective role.
That's very much the case today, the US Air Force have developed that to fine art today, and that was that started in Korea. You could call that the origin of combat SAR. As far as the use of civilian types is concerned, the earliest use I can find I'm aware of, was to support operations in Vietnam by the French. So the First Indochina War did experiment with a Hiller 360, which rapidly turned into a military force of these little Hiller aircraft that did do combat SAR for the French. In the UK, I would say that the until recently, the search and rescue helicopter force was military in nature, and its purpose was the military the combat role, where they would train for the recovery of India ground forces and downed pilots. The fact that they then adopted a civilian role as well was not accidental, but almost incidental, if you like.
Having trained for the combat SAR role, they had a level of expertise and the machinery underneath them to be able to be called on for search and rescue in a civilian sense. If you look around the world, I would still say that there's a predominance of military operators providing this sort of search and rescue. I know in the UK that's changed. I can even tell you when it changed if I think about it hard. I think since about 1980, the Coast Guard started to contract civilian operators to provide certain search and rescue facilities, alongside the military units. Since 2013, it's been contractarised. The military side of search and rescue really doesn't exist anymore in the UK in the way that it did. They still train for combat SAR. I guess in extremists if the contractors, civilian force was found wanting in some way or needed extra support, I'm sure the military would deploy to help them. But the role they had from middle of the 50s probably right up to 1980 is not there anymore.
Narrator 19:52: Today various different types of helicopter operators rely on rotorcraft to save lives. However, they are perhaps most commonly associated with coast guards around the world. Just how important is the helicopter in this work? At US Coast Guard Air Station Humboldt Bay, Lieutenant Josh Forteza provides an operator's insight into the necessity of helicopters for search and rescue.
Josh Forteza 20:21: Helicopters are vital to what we do in the Coast Guard as search and rescue as a whole. The advantages of helicopters is second to none, and it's unmatched. When we're conducting searches over the water, or along the coastline, if there's something that catches our eye or interest, we're able to quickly turn around, take another look at it, hover if we need to, and really get a good look at it at low and slow speeds, low altitudes and slow speeds. You just can't get that with a fixed wing. You're so focused on flying the aircraft, you're not able to get quite as low. Of course, with stall speeds, as slow as a helicopter could so and that's just to say, looking for objects. Of course, when we do find somebody or something, we're able to get almost anywhere and pull them out. It's really an unmatched advantage.
Narrator 21:14: Overall knife is genuinely growing safer for the public. While search and rescue technology has vastly improved, particularly when it comes to the search element. However, the work remains highly challenging.
Josh Forteza 21:29: But just last night, there were a few hikers on the Lost Coast Trail that were rescued. It was four hikers, two who were injured and then the other two were pulled up just so that they weren't left alone there on the coast. But here in Humboldt Bay, we get about 50 to 60 search and rescue cases a year. That can range from a report of something that was seen, to an actual credible person reporting distress. Percentage of land based search and rescue, most of the land based missions we do are what we call agency assist. If the Humboldt County Sheriff, Cal Fire, any of our partner agencies request some kind of help, somebody is missing, or a firefighter is injured, we can assist with that.
We often do. Most of the cases we've actually been receiving have been agency assist related. Maritime based has not been quite as much as it used to be in the past. But we're happy to help out our partner agencies when we can. Most recently we had rescue out of the middle fire. That was in 2019, there were two firefighters that injured themselves and a couple of the pilots rescue swimmer and flight mechanic and went out there right over the fire zone and extracted these firefighters and really put the helicopter to the limits as far as power. The pilots were strained, it was night the smoke right over a fire zone. These guys did real heroes' work. That's just an example of one of these land-based rescues.
The challenge is, is nothing is ever quite as it seems. You get a case called in, you think it's one person you think this is where they're at. That's just never the case, everything is always changing. Something we always have to be, is just flexible. Where that gets tricky is when it comes to risk management. As with everything in aviation, you have to manage the risks to what are the potential gains. When you're departing out of our home station here out of Arcata, and we're going down to say Point Arena along the coast, we think the weather is good. All of a sudden we get down there and the weather is actually pretty foggy, half a mile visibility straight down to the water. We're not able to see. We have to really evaluate now. Well, we did fly all the way out here. But is it safe for us to put this aircraft and this crew into a situation where we might be getting pretty close to land and not being able to see it? Is it worth it at this point? Is there another agency that's able to assist this person? Or are we there last hope? These are all the things that we have to consider with search and rescue and particularly here on the on the Lost Coast when the weather is just always changing. Sometimes we are that person's last hope so that's something that weighs heavily on us.
Narrator 24:49: To fulfil this demanding and crucial task, operators rely on sensors and other systems that have steadily evolved over the years. To provide some flavour about what that involves, Lieutenant Forteza describes the capabilities of Humboldt Bay's MH-65 helicopters.
Josh Forteza 25:10: Well the helicopters got a number of capabilities. We have surface search radar, which helps the pilots increase their situational awareness by knowing where certain rock croppings are, where the coastline ends. That keeps us safe when we really can't see too much. We've got search lights, HF radio capabilities, which becomes important when we're doing inland search and rescue missions where we might not be able to reach home base, because we're in a valley or something like that. So we can talk to pretty much anywhere throughout the country. We've even picked up say Alaska on a couple of the frequencies, which is kind of neat. But I think one of the biggest assets we have on the aircraft is not even just equipment base, it's our rescue swimmer. Honestly, the whole crew, but the rescue swimmer is the guy who is being deployed down and he's able to make some unseen risk base decisions, how to extricate somebody, how to package a patient, determine if this patient is safe to be removed from the scene. Then of course, providing critical lifesaving care to this patient as well. They're an invaluable asset as with everybody on the crew, but these are the people that are actually being removed from the aircraft, and then put on the ground or in the water to make decisions.
Narrator 26:34: The US Coast Guard is also able to take advantage of the autopilot features of the MH-65.
Josh Forteza 26:41: The H-65 Delta aircraft is able to be coupled to the flight director in a couple of different ways. We're able to command an airspeed, a heading, altitude, and even couple it to an approach to the water. We do a number of practices out off the coast of Humboldt Bay here to the sea buoy. That's just one example. But it could be a boat, it can be anything that's out there, just an arbitrary point where last known position of somebody. We'll put in some GPS coordinates and the aircraft will begin a controlled descent down to 55 feet. Upon passing through 100 feet, it begins to enter a controlled hover. Passing through 100 feet, there's a sensor below the aircraft that determines that it is 100 feet, called the radar altimeter. Once you pass through that, it will actually come to a 55 foot zero ground speed hover over a position.
That gets us out of a lot of jams for sure. Once we're down there, if we don't find anything, or if the pilots have some kind of spatial disorientation going on, we just click one button. It's called the go around button and the aircraft will actually begin a controlled climb at 700 feet per minute away from the ground. Which again, you get into a pinch don't know what's going on, hit this button. It's almost like a get out of jail free card, which is great. Other capabilities. Here obviously Humboldt Bay is incredibly foggy. We can actually couple the aircraft to the iOS with the Instrument Landing System. It'll capture on both vertical and horizontal guidance and bring us down to again 55 feet over the ground. That helps us get back home after a long sour case, and it's super foggy and we don't want to fly by hand. It's really helpful to have.
Narrator 28:46: While civilian search and rescue helicopters are a familiar sight to most of us today, that hasn't always been the case. In Christchurch, New Zealand, the city saw its first rescue by a civilian helicopter in the mid-1980s. This was in the form of a Hughes 500 operated by Garden City helicopters now known as GCH Aviation. Simon Duncan was a member of that rescue team and is now the company's General Manager.
Simon Duncan 29:17: Okay, so I did the first ever rescue for the company as a volunteer. I was in lifesaving myself. The pilot Roger Corbin approached me and said, hey, can we jump you on the helicopter? I said, well, I've done that before. I've been trained up in Auckland with the Auckland Serve Rescue Service. Then Roger dropped me in the water about a kilometre of New Brighton Beach. Then we went back to the beach and got John to hook on the scoop net. Myself and my friend John Taylor sat out there and waited for Roger to come back. As Roger approaches the hook opened up and dropped the suit in the water right beside us. That was my first intro to surf rescue at Christchurch and so I end up swimming home.
Fortunately I'm a good swimmer. JT said to me, well why don't we just get the rescue boat crew to come signal to them. I said, because we are the rescue boat crew. He goes, oh we are too. That was not a very good introduction. Then we carried on with Roger done quite a bit of comprehensive training mainly around abseiling stuff and helicopter safety. The first mission we ever did was off the coast of Tim Row. We were asked by the police to go in and take a very sick seaman off a fishing boat of Tim Row. We got down there and Roger hover loaded me onto the ship, we go on the back, drop, the basket down pull him onto the deck. I probably sit there and made up the rescue baskets, and then had to go and assist the patient who wasn't speaking English, which is also a challenge and I could smell alcohol on the entire crew.
I thought this is gonna be quite interesting. The guy wasn't very keen to come with us. It turned out he had actually managed to somehow to get the beans and 20 Ks at the sea, I really struggled to understand where you get the beans. He must have been diving under the ship to clear a net or something. We never got to the bottom of why he was beans. Anyway, he was pretty unhappy to be going under the helicopter and on a strap back to shore. But his friends helped me secure him into the stretcher to the point where I used bandages to tie his hands down because I didn't want him trying to escape or trying to undo the line as we went back to the coast. Fortunately, a local fishing boat came along. He shuttled us back to the beach. But my first challenge was to actually get the rescue basket hooked onto the bottom of the helicopter.
I had to climb the mast at the front of the fishing vessel in a test and climbed up with the line in my teeth and then hook the carabiner onto the Hughes 500 and then quickly shimmered down back on the mast and hook myself on just in time for before Roger pulled us off the front of the boat, and swung us out to sea. It's about a 20 kilometre ride on a hook back to the shore. I was quite heavy. I had a knife and a life jacket overtop of my wet suit wearing a harness. I couldn't understand why this guy was not so heavy, but I guess he didn't have any control over what his movements gonna be. So that's probably why he was unheavy. But anyway, we took him back to Tim Row and a little on the beach in Tim Row. Then we loaded him into the back of a helicopter and flew him to the local hospital and there they assist him. They say his system is beat so we had to take him to Christchurch.
That little mission turned out to be a bit longer than we had predicted. We're all well and good for fuel and things. We loaded the guy on the back of the 500 and flew to Hagley Park in Christchurch. Then he was admitted at Christchurch Hospital. People weren't used to it because we were the first ever civilian rescue helicopter in Christchurch. People may be up in Mount Cook, and that sort of thing might have understood that type of process. But in the past was only Air Force at Christchurch doing rescues. However, what the local police found was that the Air Force took a long time to get activated. We would be activated in sort of 20 minutes half an hour to be become airborne for a mission. Whereas they were taking a good hour or longer, two even. And had to go through a whole lot of permissions and things from the various accountability bosses. It was a new thing that to Christchurch.
Narrator 33:28: It comes as little surprise that the Air Rescue Mission has changed significantly since GCH began operations in the 1980s.
Simon Duncan 33:37: We had no equipment. In fact, I think I bought the first rescue line for the company and I was only a volunteer. It was quite an interesting process. John Kerry went about forming an air rescue trust and he got together with Dr. Keith Drayton, and formed the local Christchurch Air Rescue Trust, which later became the Canterbury West Coast Air Rescue Trust. Which is still in existence now. The whole idea of the trust was to save that the fund for helping to pay for spacious equipment and the training needs of the crew. In the old days, because I'd been trained in surf lifesaving, I actually did the initial training of all the paramedics and hid onboard the helicopter in Christchurch. Then as you say, we got into more rescue gear we got specialist gear like winches, which were quite another set of training and a lot of training of the people riding on the winch. The company has made a big investment and also air rescue trust and to training and equipment and one of the best equipment the rescue trust in the country because of that.
Narrator 34:43: The diverse nature of the search and rescue role was tragically illustrated in April 1995, when a scenic viewing platform in New Zealand's Paparoa National Park collapsed resulting in the deaths of 14 people. The tragedy is known as the Cave Creek Disaster.
Simon Duncan 35:01: I guess the one mission that stands out for me, was when I was involved in was the Cave Creek tragedy. I was the winch operator on that particular job. When we left Christchurch we were under the understanding that there had been a platform collapse at the Punicki Rock, and possibly 12 people injured. As we got closer to the scene, we were given more updates from the control centre to say that actually, there's at least four dead and maybe 12 injured. When we got there it was in fact the other way around. It was 12 dead and four injured. It was nowhere near the Punicki Rock. It was in a cabin, inland quite a while. I do recall, as we hover down trying to position ourselves to extract the victims, we had 104 feet of usable cable on a square winch, and I had 103 feet of it out, so it was really tight. The skid was sitting on the branch of a tree, not putting too much weight on me, of course, and had something like about two metres of rotor clearance all the way around the aircraft. That's when all that training and things really came into play. I had 11 minutes of advisor pilot hold the same position, and we had to winch two paramedics down onto the platform below, plus their equipment. Then the cabin so another aircraft would come in and put more medics on. We were supported on that day with the army air. Because we weee really operating at the limit of our capability on that particular job.
Narrator 36:40: In many ways, civilian search and rescue can be similar to military operations. Every situation is different to the next, and the environment is largely uncontrolled.
Simon Duncan 36:52: Everyone has its challenges. I also recall other missions exponentially where you had parapointers with their sails clinging to the rocks and their feet dangling below. The next stop for them was 500 feet down onto the breaking waves below you. They don't write things in which men was about that type of thing. You've got to do what you think is based on at the time. So there's a fair bit of what are you gonna do here for this one to the pilot, and of course serums really, really important. With the crews working together. We don't like putting out a mixer in the position where they cannot surf extract. In fact, we won't do this. I guess one good thing about this company attached wouldn't I say this was within 35 years without hurting anyone, which is very unheard of and EMAS. So we're very fortunate. But I think their biggest driver for that culture is in fact there's there's no commercial pressure from the company to do anything that's going to date endanger the crew of the aircraft. that is our role. I guess that's an unwritten rule that would speak to every crew member in pilot when they come here is that we given that talk and that the pilot command as a pilot commanders in this company, and so, as on the say, so that crews will go and execute the mission.
Narrator 38:12: Today, the search and rescue sector is a major focus for the industry that supports helicopter operators, reflecting its importance around the globe. manufacturers such as Bell have seen significant changes over the years. One key trend is a move towards single engine helicopters, such as the bell 505 or 407. These light helicopters are versatile, capable of adapting to many different missions from search and rescue to law enforcement. Here's Matt Jain, marketing manager for the 505. To explain more,
Matt Jayne 38:50: We've had a lot of people come to us and say you just can't do it in a utilising a helicopter, we need a hoist we need to be able to do this and that. I think traditionally that that was kind of the mission where you go out in a big twin in a 412 or a 49. You're going out on a hoist and you're dropping down and picking something off the precipice of a cliff. But as you dig into it more, what you start to find is there's a lot of people out there doing that mission with single engine helicopters. So you look at Sonoma County Sheriff's Department does a tonne of work in a 407. the majority of it is underneath a cargo hook doing human external cargo loads. they'll actually have a guy slung load under a cargo hook, go down and pick the guy up and they'll do a short haul and drop them off in a safer place. we're starting to see even on the 505 market where people are looking to do that with lighter helicopters, just based on the improvements in the liability of new platforms. You look at going from a manual control helicopter to a fader control engine. Improvements in engine technology there's so much more liability Such a extremely low failure rate with single engine helicopters now that you can trust the helicopter in that type of operation, whereas before, you see Europe has a lot of regulations where you can't fly a single legendary helicopter over certain metropolitan areas and see required twin. There's a lot of countries like India, that required twins because of this perception that the engine is the weakest component on the helicopter. if you have a failure, you don't know what you're going to do. But what we're seeing a lot more now is, is those countries are opening up a lot more to the single engine market based on the improvements in reliability. even on the search and rescue side, you're starting to see where people are trusting the single engine platform to go out and do that mission. whether or not they're using the hoist or they're using a heck line or even. We have a 505 operator, Montana, that is working with Galveston County Sheriff's Department, which is a volunteer Sheriff's Department. His name is Mark Taylor, he owns Rocky Mountain rotors, but he's actually because they don't have a formal police aviation unit up there are local sheriff's department that can go do these types of things. He'll go pick up a dog team and drop them off, to the mountains there, whether it be Yellowstone or the crazies, whatever it is. they're actually civilians and volunteers out there doing these search and rescue missions in a Bible bog where other parts of the world in other parts of the country, they're using an aircraft that's, 1215 times more expensive, and roughly getting the same result. So, realistically, these these simulated helicopters are out there doing the same mission, the only capability they don't have is that hoist mission and realistically, a lot of regions have a, an asset close enough that they can call for those specialised types of missions when required, but I think it's, I think it's increasingly rare that need a hoist for that type of mission, you can honestly go out there and and do the majority of it in any type of helicopter. I think that the biggest component of that is spotting the person and leading the people on the ground to the location, not necessarily performing the full rescue,
Narrator 42:16: Adaptability and flexibility are key watchwords for all parapublic helicopter operators, airborne law enforcement helicopters, for instance, may well find themselves performing a search and rescue role. Helicopter manufacturers must keep such demands at the front of their minds.
Matt Jayne 42:36: The big thing you get with the helicopters is the versatility. You can get into places you can go places that you can't go in a truck or a car on foot or in an aeroplane you think about you want to get an aeroplane real low and get a couple of guys in binoculars in the back and start looking for, for somebody, you you get fairly limited on how slow you can go and how low you want to go before you start getting into a precarious situation with emergency procedures. Whereas in a helicopter, a helicopter is happiest flying at 500 feet above the ground, which is perfect for a couple people in the back with a set of binoculars looking for somebody on the ground. you're starting to see where we're hearing sheriff's departments that are flying by fives early 50s, or 60s or private individuals or even, we're talking to a company down in Austin that uses light single helicopters for for search mainly. But what they're doing is they're going out there with a couple people a set of binoculars, maybe a FLIR camera, and they're performing that search operation and leading people on the ground to the location of a distressed individual. that whole rescue portion isn't really required unless you get into, highly mountainous terrain or somewhere where you need to put someone on a hoist and get them down there to pick someone up off the cliff side. But when you actually start to look at the country or look at the world, there aren't that many locations that have that type of terrain where that is required. you can you can perform the majority of that mission with something smaller, and you'll have favourable results in that you're locating that person much more quickly from a helicopter than you would from any other means of transportation.
Narrator 44:26: Next time on Revolutions in Vertical Flight, we'll learn how the Vietnam War helped to drive the evolution of the helicopter as an air ambulance. we hear how today the helicopter plays a life saving role with the emergency medical services around the world.
Revolutions in Vertical Flight was produced by Tony Skinner, with interviews conducted by Scott Gourley, script writing by Gerrard Cowen and audio edits by Carmac Media. I'm your narrator to Gennifer Becouarn. Until next time.
Shephard Studio works closely with companies and event organisers across the aerospace and defence industry …
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World Animation Summit: Looking Beyond Network TV
Jim Henson Co.'s 'Dinosaur Train' Steams Ahead in MENA
Arson Attack Kills at least 33 at Kyoto Animation Studio in Japan
Blink's Jonny & Will Cuddle Up with CBeebies on 'Teddles'
News Bytes: Kermit Consults on 'Amphibia,' Lupin III's CG Heist, WB Unpacks SDCC Swag Bags & More
Angela Entzminger
The era of the Big 3 networks as the only conduit for animated television is a thing of the past. Content creators and executives are now faced with the boon of the internet age, video streaming and a plethora of cable networks in which to showcase their animated properties.
Moderator Cort Lane, VP of Animation Development and Partnership for Marvel, tackled this brave new world of reaching millions of viewers across multiple platforms, and the advantages and challenges that this new age presents at the World Animation and VFX Summit. Lane spoke with Peter Gal, Head of TV Development for DreamWorks Animation; Eric Homan, VP of Development for Frederator; Curtis Lelash, VP of Comedy Animation for Cartoon Network; Tara Sorensen, Head of Kids Programming for Amazon Studios; and Mike Young, Co-CEO of Splash Entertainment.
One of the biggest questions of the night was how to create an audience for a show with such a myriad of online and traditional distribution channels.
"I think that Netflix and other streaming services have busted open traditional advertising networks of who sees a show," said DWA's Peter Gal. "On Netflix, we don't have to worry about a place for it. Kids will find it."
He stated that with network and cable television, kids sometimes shun certain shows not because they don't like the show, but because they know it's not in their age bracket, or it's on a network, for example, meant for younger kids, and so they avoid it because they don't want to seem uncool. "[Streaming is] a great democratic experience," said Gal. "Kids can watch what they want and it doesn't matter what the world says they should like."
Mike Young of Splash agreed with that sentiment. "These kids are everywhere, so you have to make shows everywhere," he said. "We're not working for a singular linear network anymore. We're working for Netflix, Hulu, Lionsgate. I can't remember a time in my long, ancient life when that's been the case."
Eric Homan from Frederator, which boasts its own successful YouTube-based "network" of animation channels, praised the online space for enabling their company to explore a different way of bringing content to an audience. "We started our online channel Cartoon Hangover three years ago this week. Up until that time we had always partnered with a studio," said Homan.
And with the increase in binge watching, it also affects how shows are formatted. Many programs are now serialized, giving viewers the chance to see the characters grow and change. This is true even for younger viewers, an area where Amazon's new slate of original instant video programming has a foothold. "I don't think about binge viewing with preschool but for six to eleven [year olds] there are serialized arcs and we want to embrace it," said Amazon's Tara Sorensen.
However, even though multiple arenas exist to promote and distribute shows, network television continues to be a player in the industry. Contrary to popular belief, millions of people, particularly children, continue to watch TV on TV, not just the internet and their mobile devices, even though these platforms have exploded in popularity.
"The fact is, we're still in 55 million homes and we get 30 million kids a month and they're on there 30 or 40 minutes," said Young. "On YouTube maybe four and a half minutes. It's still a valuable portal as far as we're concerned."
"When you're a producer you want to produce for every platform," said Gal.
"The TV model will hold up for a while. [But] not forever. It's evolving every day," moderator Lane added.
And although the platforms and viewing patterns have changed, and even though CG has become immensely popular over the years, the executives found that 2D still holds a place in the hearts of viewers around the world.
"For us, we always start with what our creator wants," said Homan. "It turns out that for all our past shorts none of our creatives have said they wanted 3D."
"Boys wanted the expressiveness of 2D," said Lane. "Prior to that we really were thinking that CG was something we wanted to pursue, and there were financial considerations, but boys really answered that question for us in what they were looking for in characters."
No matter the technology, the world is changing, and as long as creators and executives are aware of the changes, they will be able to create content that will entertain and educate kids during the next phase of the digital revolution.
Charting the Future of Small-Screen
Related Topics:Amazon Studios, Cartoon Network, Cort Lane, Curtis Lelash, DreamWorks Animation, Eric Homan, Frederator, Hulu, Lionsgate, Marvel, Mike Young, Netflix, Peter Gal, Splash Entertainment, Tara Sorensen, World Animation and VFX Summit
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Elon Musk Witnesses $200,000,000,000 in Personal Net Worth Vanish in Over a Year: Report
by Mark Emem
in Altcoins, Trading
A new report claims that Tesla, Twitter and SpaceX CEO Elon Musk has lost approximately $200 billion in about 13 months amid a severe stock correction.
According to a Bloomberg report, Musk's net worth hit a peak of $340 billion in November of 2021 but has now fallen to $137 billion, making him the only person in history to see $200 billion wiped out from their net worth.
Musk is now the world's second-richest person after losing the top spot that he had held since September 2021. Frenchman Bernard Arnault, the CEO of luxury-goods giant LVMH that owns high-end brands as Bulgari, Christian Dior and TAG Heuer, is now the world's richest person with a net worth of $162 billion.
According to Bloomberg, Tesla was responsible for most of Musk's wealth but the fall in its stock price has now resulted in SpaceX being the billionaire's largest asset. Bloomberg estimates Musk's SpaceX stake to be currently worth $44.8 billion while the stake in Tesla is valued at about $44 billion. Between November 2021 and December 2022, Tesla's stock price fell by over 70%.
Besides the fall in Tesla's stock, Musk also sold a substantial portion of his stake in the electric carmaker in 2022 to finance his purchase of Twitter for $44 billion.
Musk's acquisition of the microblogging platform in October of 2022 coincided with leading meme token Dogecoin (DOGE) rallying temporarily. Last month, the world's second-richest person said that it was a "no-brainer" for Twitter to add crypto payments as a feature.
Featured Image: Shutterstock/Digital_Art/Sensvector


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SAP Cloud for Customers is software as a service based CRM which runs on SAP's HANA cloud platform. The platform is composed of SAP Cloud for Sales and SAP Cloud for Service, which are marketed as separate entities by SAP. It is available on a per user approval basis. It includes fixed analytics that can help predict sales success based on old data, facing products and other factors.
SAP C4C Solution can be easily integrated with SAP ERP and CRM on premise solution. SAP C4C with a mobile-first strategy to face the requirements of today's sales and service specialists who need information about customers anytime and in any place. The focus is on ease of use and getting more production out of the tool rather than spending time entering information. The user experience was built specifically for SAP C4C and is based on Fiori design systems.
For SAP Cloud for Sales, the emphasis is on allowing sales professionals to spend more time selling and less time interacting with a sales force automation application. In one example, a salesperson in a retail environment can use a cell phone to capture images of stock on a retail shelf, and recognition software can compare this with a template of how the shelf should look. SAP claims the process is less error prone and saves time in restocking inventory.
SAP Cloud for Customer is a cloud solution to manage customer sales, service and marketing activities efficiently and is one of the key SAP solutions to manage the customer relationship.
Why SAP Cloud for Customer?
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SAP CRM already provides a Browser based, the mobile access is something that the customer will need to choose from a limited choice of apps and take the burden of device choice as well as deployment. Customers have heavily customized their SAP CRM to suit the processes and service functionalities and do not have an End user case for going to the cloud would prefer to keep their solution On Premise only.
SAP C4C alone would satisfy if the customer is looking for a light weight solution with standard CRM processes. The combination needs to be considered for which system would be the leading system and which ERP integrations are most needed for the field force. SAP C4C could also be an excellent candidate for replacing on SAP CRM solutions in SAP ERP customers for larger integration and more centralized architecture.
If customers have high needs for customization within the cloud solutions and patches to be impacted then would prefer this solution. This solution is as good as having an On Premise solution albeit on SAP C4C and not SAP CRM.
This solution will have both SAP CRM and SAP C4C co existing in the CRM. This is of the most interest to SAP CRM consultants.
· The benefits of using SAP C4C Training is its operation investment cost and maintenance.
· Take licenses as per your demand and it can be increased on request.
· SAP C4C solution is managed by the vendor and operational costs and maintenance are the vendor's responsibility.
· SAP C4C solution allows you to manage customer needs from anywhere and with security from cloud service providers.
· Access all customer information regardless where they are stored or available.
· SAP C4C is based on cloud and use secure and fast communication using the web, mobile and supporting mobile platforms iOS, Android and Windows devices, in both online and offline mode.
SAPVITS is the world class SAP Online Training Institute in India, UK and USA which will give you tremendous benefits. It has an experience in SAP Training & Consulting for more than 9 years and has a professional network to cater to education and career needs of seeking and experienced Online SAP Training Professionals.
We provide SAP C4C Training Material is delivered online and you can access it at any time that suits you. SAP Cloud for Customers is software as a service based CRM which runs on SAP's HANA cloud platform. With SAP C4C Online Training at SAPVITS you become a pro at managing customer relationships for your organization.


The Global Gender Gap Index was first published in 2006 with a view to creating a comprehensive gender parity index that is able to track gaps over time relative to an equality benchmark, thus providing information on a country's progress relative to itself as well as to other countries. One hundred eleven countries have been included during that time. This year's Report seeks to provide this information by country in the country analysis section above, particularly in the case of countries with notable progress or decline. Additionally, nearly a decade of data allows us to extract aggregate information about global progress. The main findings of this analysis are presented in this section.
In 2006, 14% of the global Political Empowerment gap had been closed; in 2014, 21% of this gap has been closed. In 2006, 56% of the Economic Participation and Opportunity gap had been closed; in 2014, 60% of this gap has been closed. In 2006, almost 92% of the Educational Attainment gap had been closed; in 2014, 94% of this gap has been closed. On Health and Survival, however, there has been a small deterioration since 2006, from 97% to 96%. Figure 12 displays change by subindex between 2006 and 2014.
On the Global Gender Gap Index, the region with the largest absolute change is Latin America (with 4.18% of the gender gap closed), followed by North America (with 4.06% of the gender gap closed), Middle East and North Africa (with 3.08% of the gender gap closed), Sub-Saharan Africa (with 3.06% of the gender gap closed) and Europe and Central Asia (with 3.06% of the gender gap closed). Asia and the Pacific is the only region that shows a negative absolute change (with 3.15% of the gender gap widened). When compared to their own starting points nearly a decade ago, the order of relative change is exactly the same. Figure 13 displays change by region between 2006 and 2014.
On the Economic Participation and Opportunity subindex, the largest absolute increase has come from Latin America and the Caribbean (with 7.2% of the gender gap closed), followed by North America (with 6.9% of the gender gap closed), Europe and Central Asia (with 5.9% of the gender gap closed), Sub-Saharan Africa (with 5.6% of the gender gap closed), Middle East and North Africa (with 2.8% of the gender gap closed) and Asia and the Pacific (with 2.0% of the gender gap closed). Relative to the starting point in 2006, the order by magnitude of relative change is slightly different, with Europe surpassing North America. Figure 14 displays change on Economic Participation and Opportunity by region between 2006 and 2014.
On Educational Attainment, the largest positive absolute change has come from the Middle East and North Africa, with 4.6% of its education gender gap being closed in the last decade. Next is Asia and the Pacific (with 3.1% of the gender gap closed), North America (with 1.5% of the gender gap closed), Latin America and the Caribbean (with 1.3% of the gender gap closed), and Europe and Central Asia (with 0.8% of the gender gap closed). In Sub-Saharan Africa, there has been an overall decline, by 2.8%, of gender gap closed. The order in terms of relative change is the same as the order in terms of absolute change. Figure 15 displays change on Educational Attainment by region between 2006 and 2014.
On Health and Survival, all regions experienced an absolute and relative decrease compared to their starting point in 2006. It is the only subindex that is worsening for all regions compared to a decade ago. The smallest absolute decrease came from Latin America (with 0.01% of gender gap widened), followed by Europe and Central Asia (with 0.04% of gender gap widened). Middle East is next (with 0.40% of gender gap widened), followed by Asia and the Pacific (with 0.45% of gender gap widened) and North America (0.53% of gender gap widened). Sub-Saharan Africa (with 2.05% of gender gap widened) is the region with the largest widening of its gender gap. When compared to their own starting points in 2006, the order of relative change is different with Europe and Central Asia with the smallest decrease, followed by Latin America, Middle East, Sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and North America.
On the Political Empowerment subindex, the largest absolute increase has come from North America (with 8.6% of gender gap closed), followed by Latin America (with 8.3% of gender gap closed), Asia and the Pacific (with 7.9% of gender gap closed), Sub-Saharan Africa (with 7.3% of gender gap closed) and Europe and Central Asia (with 5.6% of gender gap closed). The Middle East region, while lowest by absolute change (5.6% of gender gap closed), is highest in terms of relative change, given the very low starting point nine years ago. In 2006 only 3.6% of the region's political gender gap had been closed; today 8.8% of this gap has been closed. In relative terms, North America comes next, then Latin America, Africa, Asia and Europe. Figure 17 displays change on political empowerment by region between 2006 and 2014.
On the Global Gender Gap Index, while low-income countries start out at having closed only 62.61% of the overall gap, they make gains of nearly 5%. Lower-middle income countries, while starting out lowest, make the second largest gains (3.4%). Next are high-income countries at 3.3% and, finally, upper-middle income countries at 2.2%. Figure 18 displays change on the overall index by income group between 2006 and 2014.
On the Economic Participation and Opportunity subindex, high-income countries, already in the lead, also show the largest absolute gains (almost 7%). They are followed by low-income countries (5.1%), upper-middle income countries (3.3%) and lower-middle income countries (1.8%). Figure 19 displays change on this subindex by income group between 2006 and 2014.
On Educational Attainment, the largest change comes from the lowest ranked region, as low-income countries improved by nearly 4%. Next are lower middle-income countries, upper-middle income countries and high-income countries, which are near parity already. Figure 20 displays changes on Educational Attainment by income group between 2006 and 2014.
On the Health and Survival subindex, the low-income countries that started out having closed 96.2% of the gender gap have now closed 96.9% of the gap. Each of the other three income groups displays widening gender gaps. Figure 21 displays change on Health and Survival by income group between 2006 and 2014.
On Political Empowerment, low-income countries demonstrate the largest absolute increase (10%). Next, lower-middle income countries closed the gap from 17.5% in 2006 to 27.5%—an absolute improvement of almost 10%. High-income and upper-middle income countries have also improved, but by a lower margin. Figure 22 displays change on the Political Empowerment subindex by income group between 2006 and 2014.
Figure 23 summarizes the spread of Global Gender Gap Index results within income groups in 2006 and 2014. For low-, lower-middle and high-income countries, the spread narrowed, whereas for upper-middle income countries it widened. The average income group score increased for all four regions. Figure B2 in Appendix B visualizes the country score change on the x-axis and income levels (GDP per capita) on the y-axis and highlights selected countries—both low-income countries that have made little progress or significant progress, as well as high-income countries that have made little progress or significant progress.
In all, 111 countries have been part of the Report since its inception, of which one (Tunisia) dropped out of the Index for one year before re-entering. The direction of change within countries has been largely positive, but not universally so. Between 2006 and 2014, 105 countries (95%) have made progress overall, while six countries (5%) have regressed relative to their starting point. These six countries are spread across regions: in Asia, it is Sri Lanka; in Africa, Mali; in Europe, Croatia and Macedonia; and in the Middle East, Jordan and Tunisia. In the Americas, no country has widening gender gaps. Table 7 summarizes gains and losses over the last nine years.
Among those that have improved, the pace of change is varied across countries. Only three countries have improved by 10% or more: Ecuador, France and Nicaragua, all three primarily driven by changes on political indicators. Twenty-five countries have improved between 5 and 10%. Sixty-two countries have improved between 1 and 5% and 15 between 0 and 1%. Table 8 provides further details of the 2006 score, 2014 score and the absolute and relative changes in each country.
Figure 24 visualizes change over the last nine years in a scatter plot. Countries in the top right quadrant are those that were performing above the median score in 2006 and have shown relative progress between 2006 and 2014. Countries like Switzerland, Iceland and Denmark fall within this category. Countries in the bottom right quadrant are those that were performing above the median score in 2006 but have regressed between 2006 and 2014. Countries like Croatia and Sri Lanka fall into this category. In the top left quadrant are those that were performing below the median score in 2006 but have shown relative progress between 2006 and 2014. Countries like Nepal, Saudi Arabia and Yemen fall within this category. In the bottom left are those that were performing below the median score in 2006 and have regressed between 2006 and 2014. Countries like Iran, Mali and Jordan fall within this category.
Table B1 in Appendix B provides detailed information on ranks and scores for the previous nine years for each of the 111 countries covered. In the Country Profiles section, readers can explore trends over the last nine years on the overall Index scores and ranks, as well as on the four subindex scores and ranks. It is important to note that there are gaps in international databases and not all countries have information available for all variables across all eight years, nor are all data updated on an annual basis for each country by the international organizations that serve as our primary sources of data.
Progress has not been even across the four subindexes of economy, politics, health and education within countries. On Economic Participation and Opportunity, eighteen countries have regressed over the last 9 years, while 93 countries have improved. In Ecuador and Guatemala these gains are larger than 20%, while in another 25 countries these gains are between 10% and 20%.
On both the Educational Attainment and Health and Survival subindexes, although many countries have already reached parity, the gains made have reversed in some parts of the world. In fact, nearly 30 countries covered have wider education gaps than they did nine years ago, while 75 have shown gains. Of those that improved, five had gains of more than 10%, having started out with a low base: Nepal, Burkina Faso, Yemen, Saudi Arabia and Chad. Six countries have stayed the same but these had already closed their gender gaps on education.
On Health and Survival gaps, 51 countries are worse off than they were nine years ago and 27 have stayed the same, while 33 have had gains. Of those that stayed the same, most have already closed the gender gap on health. On Political Empowerment, 17 countries are worse off than nine years ago but 94 are performing better than before. In the case of 28 countries the gains are larger than 10%, of which five countries—Nicaragua, France, Switzerland, Iceland and Ecuador—have had gains of 20% of larger.
While the Nordic nations continue to act as role models in terms of their ability to achieve gender parity, some of the biggest absolute and relative improvements of the past nine years have come from countries that are low in the rankings. For example, the most improved country relative to its starting point nine years ago for Economic Participation and Opportunity is Saudi Arabia; Burkina Faso for Educational Attainment; Angola for Health and Survival; and the United Arab Emirates for Political Empowerment. In absolute terms, the most improved countries include Guatemala for Economic Participation and Opportunity; Nepal for Educational Attainment; Angola for Health and Survival; and Nicaragua for Political Empowerment.
The countries with the most losses relative to past performance are: Jordan on Economic Participation; Angola on Educational Attainment; India on Health and Survival; and Botswana on Political Empowerment. The least-improved countries in absolute terms are: Mali for Economic Participation; Angola for Educational Attainment; India for Health and Survival; and Sri Lanka for Political Empowerment.
Changes within subindexes are also varied. For example, within economic participation, Nepal, Botswana and Nigeria have had the most absolute gain in terms of increased rates of female labour force participation. Kuwait, Luxembourg and Singapore have seen the largest absolute gains on women's income. The largest gains on women in senior roles—legislator, senior official and manager positions—have come from France, Madagascar and Honduras, while on high-skilled roles in general—professional and technical workers—Bulgaria, Honduras and Ecuador have the lead.
Finally, we were able to calculate the Global Gender Gap Index backwards to the year 2000 for a limited set of countries in order to take a longer-term look at trends. Table B2 in Appendix B displays the Global Gender Gap Index 2000–2013 for 39 countries where the relevant data were available. In all countries there was a net improvement in scores across the 14 years, with the exception of the Slovak Republic. In six countries there were gains of more than 10%: Bangladesh, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Ireland and Switzerland. Figure B1 displays these changes visually for seven selected economies: Switzerland, Ireland, Mexico, Korea, Rep., United Kingdom, Japan and Slovak Republic.


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Boca do Inferno – soprannome del poeta brasiliano Gregório de Matos
 Boca do Inferno – cronache di Ricardo Araújo Pereira
 Boca do Inferno – rift a Cascais, in Portogallo

Pagine correlate
 Bocca d'inferno

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Turtles Section
sea turtle nesting
Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtle
Hawksbill Sea Turtle
Loggerhead Sea Turtle
Green Sea Turtle
Turtles are everywhere in and around the Dry Tortugas National Park. Named "Las Tortugas" by Ponce de Leon in 1513, this scattering of small sand and coral islands approximately 70 miles west of Key West, Florida, are famous for the abundance of sea turtles that annually nest on them. Some say that sea turtles are today's only living relics of the prehistoric past. Loggerhead, Hawksbill, and Green turtles sometimes are seen floating in the sea on the trip between Key West and the Dry Tortugas National Park.
*Endangered Species Act (ESA)
sea turtle nesting Section
The Dry Tortugas National Park is the most active turtle nesting site in the Florida Keys. Park Service biologists have been monitoring sea turtle nesting activity within park boundaries since 1980. They survey the park's seven islands daily throughout the nesting season and document the presence of turtle tracks or "crawl." When researchers find a specially-shaped mound of sand on the beach, they know it is a nest. Each nest is marked and recorded. Forty-five days later the nest is checked for signs of hatchlings. Three days later, researchers evacuate the nest, release the trapped hatchlings, and record the number of eggs. Over 2,330 Loggerhead and Green turtle crawls have occurred during the last four seasons on only three miles of beach!
The five species of sea turtles found in the Dry Tortugas region are Green, Loggerhead, Kemp's Ridley, Hawksbill, and Leatherback. The Dry Tortugas area is the most productive nesting region for the Green and Loggerhead turtles in the entire Florida Keys. All five species were once more abundant; now all five species are listed on the Endangered Species Act.
The Green Turtle population in the Caribbean basin before the Industrial Revolution was around 660,000,000. Today, the population is only in the ten's of thousands.
Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtle Section
(Lepidochelys kempi)
Smallest of the sea turtles. Adults do not exceed 30 inches in shell length and range in weight from 80-100 pounds. The broadly oval shaped shell is usually olive gray, but young are black. Found in the coastal waters and bays of the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic where they forage predominantly on crabs. Only a few hundred females nest in the state of Tamaulipas, Mexico each year. ESA Status: ENDANGERED
Hawksbill Sea Turtle Section
(Eretmochelys imbricata)
Small to medium sea turtles with a very attractively colored shell of thick, overlapping scales…the source of "tortoise shell." Has distinct hawk-like beak. Adults range in size from 30-36 inches shell length and weigh 100-200 pounds. A shy tropical reef dwelling species where it forages primarily on sponges. ESA Status: ENDANGERED
Loggerhead Sea Turtle Section
(Caretta caretta)
A large reddish-brown sea turtle with a disproportionately large head. Adults range in size from 33-40 inches shell length and weigh 150-400 pounds. This is the most common sea turtle encountered in the southeastern United States. Frequently observed around wrecks, underwater structure, and reefs where it forages on a variety of crabs, jellyfish, and mollusks. ESA Status: THREATENED
Green Sea Turtle Section
(Chelonia mydas)
For hundreds of years Green turtles have provided fresh meat for mariners, pirates, and peoples living in the Florida Keys, Cuba, and all around the Gulf Coast. At one time turtling was a big business for Key Westers, with a cannery brewing popular green turtle soup that was shipped out to northern cities.
A medium to large brownish sea turtle with a radiating or mottled pattern of markings on the shell. The head is small in comparison to other sea turtles and the biting edge of the lower jaw is serrated. Adult shell lengths range in size from 36-43 inches and weights average 200-300 pounds. Primarily a tropical herbivorous species, the juveniles frequently occur in Florida waters, especially in areas abundant in sea grasses. ESA Status: ENDANGERED for Florida and east Pacific breeding populations; THREATENED everywhere else.
Leatherback Sea Turtle Section
(Dermochelys coriacea)
The largest sea turtle. Can attain a shell length of six feet and weights of 1,400 pounds. Black with white blotches, the shell lacks scales and is covered by a firm, rubbery skin with seven longitudinal ridges or keels. A highly migratory turtle that nests in the tropics and ranges as far north as Canada and the northern Pacific. Feeds primarily on jellyfish. ESA Status: ENDANGERED


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Home / Subjects / Creative Arts, Design & Communication / Digital Media Degrees in Czech Republic
Digital Media Degrees in Czech Republic
Study Digital Media Degrees
Digital media refers to any form of media that requires electronic devices in order to be distributed. Some of the most common forms of digital media are software, video games, vidoes, social media and online advertising. Digital media has experienced a significant boom over the last half century, with several new digital media platforms being developed and becoming more commonly digested.
During a Digital Media degree, you will cover the basics of media, and how it is used digitally. Some modules you may study are:
Design for Digital Media
The History of Communication
Understanding the Audience
The Czech Republic, also known as Czechia, is located in Central Europe and has a long and fascinating history. The country has land borders with 4 other European countries, making it a popular destination due to the ease of travel for both academic and pleasure purposes. The Czech Republic is home to many highly ranked universities, as well as the oldest university in Central Europe - The Charles University in Prague, founded in 1348.
Digital Media degrees in Czech Republic in 2023
Recommended by StudyLink
Digital Media Arts
University of New York in Prague
Want to see postgraduate courses? See postgraduate degrees in Digital Media in Czech Republic
Don't meet the entry requirements?
Are you struggling to meet entry requirements for these courses?
Browse our Digital Media pathway and foundation courses and find a route to study your ideal course.
Find out more about pathway and foundation courses
Other Undergraduate Creative Arts, Design & Communication courses in Czech Republic you may be interested in
Discover other popular subjects in Czech Republic.
Journalism degrees in Czech Republic
Other Undergraduate Creative Arts, Design & Communication subjects you may be interested in
Discover other popular subjects in Creative Arts, Design & Communication.
Degrees in 3D Animation
Degrees in Acting
Degrees in Animation
Degrees in Audio Engineering
Degrees in Costume Design
Degrees in Dance
Degrees in Digital Media
Degrees in Drama
Degrees in Fashion Design
Degrees in Film
Degrees in Fine Art
Degrees in Graphic Design
Degrees in History of Art
Degrees in Illustration
Degrees in Industrial Design
Degrees in Interior Design
Degrees in Journalism
Degrees in Make-up
Degrees in Media Studies
Degrees in Music
Degrees in Music Production
Degrees in Photography
Degrees in Product Design
Degrees in Screenwriting
Degrees in Video Game Design and Development
Degrees in Visual Effects
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Home / Entertainment / nomination / Sarah Geronimo / World Music Awards / How to Vote Sarah Geronimo for World Music Awards
How to Vote Sarah Geronimo for World Music Awards
Admin Wednesday, March 27, 2013
Sarah Geronimo, the Philippine Pop Princess and one of the judges of the upcoming 'The Voice of the Philippines' is nominated for the three major categories in the World Music Awards 2013. Sarah is the only Filipino singer on the list of best singers. Online voting system is now available to choose your top artist on 9 categories.
Photo: Sarah Geronimo nominated for World's Best Female Artist
Photo Credit: worldmusicawards.com
Sarah is nominated on the following categories that makes Filipino proud of her achievements: World's Best Female Artist, World's Best Live Act and World's Best Entertainer of the Year.
To Vote for Filipino-singer, click here. Choose the category where Sarah is nominated. A confirmation message will appear for a successful vote. Note: Your vote will only be counted once per category.
On the World's Best Female Award, Sarah will compete with popular singers like Nicki Minaj, Mariah Carey, Lady Gaga, JessieJ, Christina Aguilera, Britney Spears, Beyonce, Alicia Keys, Adele, Celine Dion and Avril Lavigne.
According to its official website, 'The WORLD MUSIC AWARDS' honors the best-selling recording artists from every continent. The WORLD MUSIC AWARDS (WMA) are presented on sales merit and voted by the public on the internet.
There is no jury involved and the Awards truly reflect the most popular artists as they are determined by the actual fans who vote and buy the records. The national member groups of the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) provide the organization with the names of the best-selling artists from the major territories.
The world's best-selling recording-artists in each category are determined by a thorough enquiry conducted by the organization which includes sales figures and record certifications in 2012.
Awards for World's Best Male Artist, Best Female, Best Group, Best Electronic Dance Music Artist, Best Entertainer of the Year, Best Live Act, Best Song, Best Album and Best Video are voted online by the general public.
WMA was launched on 1989 and since then, it became an instrument to various artists to gain global exposure and success.
Entertainment, nomination, Sarah Geronimo, World Music Awards


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