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Demystifying 5G
Larry Peterson
The transition to 5G is happening, and unless you've been actively trying to ignore it, you've undoubtedly heard the hype. But if you are like 99% of the CS-trained, systems-oriented, cloud-savvy people in the world, the cellular network is largely a mystery. You know it's an important technology used in the last mile to connect people to the Internet, but you've otherwise abstracted it out of your scope-of-concerns.
The important thing to understand about 5G is that it implies much more than a generational upgrade in bandwidth. It involves transformative changes that blur the line between the access network and the cloud. And it will encompass enough value that it has the potential to turn the "Access-as-frontent-to-Internet" perspective on its head. We will just as likely be talking about "Internet-as-backend-to-Access" ten years from now. (Remember, you read it here first.)
The challenge for someone that understands the Internet is penetrating the myriad of acronyms that dominate cellular networking. In fairness, the Internet has its share acronyms, but it also comes with a sufficient set of abstractions to help manage the complexity. It's hard to say the same for the cellular network, where pulling on one thread seemingly unravels the entire space. It has also been the case that the cellular network had been largely hidden inside proprietary devices, which has made it impossible to figure it out for yourself.
In retrospect, it's strange that we find ourselves in this situation, considering that mobile networks have a 40-year history that parallels the Internet's. But unlike the Internet, which has evolved around some relatively stable "fixed points," the cellular network has reinvented itself multiple times over, transitioning from from voice-only to data-centric, and from circuit-oriented to IP-based. 5G brings another such transformation, this time heavily influenced the cloud. In the same way 3G defined the transition from voice to broadband, 5G's promise is mostly about the transition from a single access service (broadband connectivity) to a richer collection of edge services and devices, including support for immersive user interfaces (e.g., AR/VR), mission-critical applications (e.g., public safety, autonomous vehicles), and the Internet-of-Things (IoT). Because these use cases will include everything from home appliances to industrial robots to self-driving cars, 5G won't just support humans accessing the Internet from their smartphones, but also swarms of autonomous devices working together on their behalf. All of this requires a fundamentally different architecture that will both borrow from and impact the Internet and Cloud.
We have attempted to document this emerging architecture in a book that is accessible to people with a general understanding of the Internet and Cloud. The book (5G Mobile Networks: A Systems Approach) is the result of a mobile networking expert teaching a systems person about 5G as we've collaborated on an open source 5G implementation. The material has been used to train other software developers, and we are hopeful it will be useful to anyone that wants a deeper understanding of 5G and the opportunity for innovation it provides. Readers that want hands-on experience can also access the open source software introduced in the book.
Democratizing the Network Edge
Two industry trends with significant momentum are on a collision course. One is the cloud, which in pursuit of low-latency/high-bandwidth applications is moving out of the datacenter and towards the edge. The promise and potential of applications ranging from Internet-of-Things (IoT) to Immersive UIs, Public Safety, Autonomous Vehicles, and Automated Factories, has triggered a gold rush to build edge platforms and services. The other is the access network that connects homes, businesses, and mobile devices to the Internet. Network operators (Telcos and CableCos) are transitioning from a reliance on closed and proprietary hardware to open architectures leveraging disaggregated and virtualized software running on white-box servers, switches, and access devices.
The confluence of cloud and access technologies raises the possibility of convergence. For the cloud, access networks provide low-latency connectivity to end users and their devices, with 5G in particular providing native support for the mobility of those devices. For the access network, cloud technology enables network operators to enjoy the CAPEX & OPEX savings that come from replacing purpose-built appliances with commodity hardware, as well as accelerating the pace of innovation through the softwartization of the access network.
It is clear that the confluence of cloud and access technologies at the access-edge is rich with opportunities to innovate, and this is what motivates the CORD-related platforms we are building at ONF. But it is impossible to say how this will all play out over time, with different perspectives on whether the edge is on-premise, on-vehicle, in the cell tower, in the Central Office, distributed across a metro area, or all of the above. With multiple incumbent players—e.g., network operators, cloud providers, cell tower providers—and countless startups jockeying for position, it's impossible to predict how the dust will settle.
On the one hand, cloud providers believe that by saturating metro areas with edge clusters and abstracting away the access network, they can build an edge presence with low enough latency and high enough bandwidth to serve the next generation of edge applications. In this scenario, the access network remains a dumb bit-pipe, allowing cloud providers to excel at what they do best: run scalable cloud services on commodity hardware. On the other hand, network operators believe that by building the next generation access network using cloud technology, they will be able to co-locate edge applications in the access network. This scenario comes with built-in advantages: an existing and widely distributed physical footprint, existing operational support, and native support for both mobility and guaranteed service.
While acknowledging both of these possibilities, there is a third outcome that not only merits consideration, but is also worth actively working towards: the democratization of the network edge. The idea is to make the access-edge accessible to anyone, and not strictly the domain of incumbent cloud providers or network operators. There are three reasons to be optimistic about this possibility:
Hardware and software for the access network is becoming commoditized and open. This is what ONF is working towards, and as a key enabler for Cloud, Telecommunications, and Cable companies, it provides the same value to anyone.
There is demand. Enterprises in the automotive, factory, and warehouse space increasingly want to deploy private 5G networks for a variety of physical automation use cases (e.g., a garage where a remote valet parks your car or a factory floor making use of automation robots).
Spectrum is becoming available. Countries are making unlicensed or lightly licensed spectrum for 5G deployments available. The US and Germany are first movers in this arena, with other countries soon to follow. This means 5G should have around 100-200 MHz of spectrum available for private use.
In short, the access network has historically been the purview of the Telcos, CableCos, and the vendors that sell them proprietary boxes, but the softwarization and virtualization of the access network opens the door for anyone (from smart cities to underserved rural areas to apartment complexes to manufacturing plants) to establish an access-edge cloud and connect it to the public Internet. We expect it to become as easy to do this as it is today to deploy a WiFi router. Doing so not only brings the access-edge into new (edgier) environments, but also has the potential to open the access network to developers that instinctively go where there are opportunities to innovate.
HTTP is the New Narrow Waist
The Internet has been described as having a narrow waist architecture, with one universal protocol in the middle (IP), widening to support many transport and application protocols above it (e.g., TCP, UDP, RTP, SunRPC, DCE-RPC, gRPC, SMTP, HTTP, SNMP) and able to run on top of many network technologies below (e.g., Ethernet, PPP, WiFi, SONET, ATM). This general structure has been a key to the Internet becoming ubiquitous: by keeping the IP layer that everyone has to agree to minimal, a thousand flowers were allowed to bloom both above and below. This is now a widely understood strategy for any platform trying to achieve universal adoption.
But something else has happened over the last 30 years. By not addressing all the issues the Internet would eventually face as it grew (e.g., security, congestion, mobility, real-time responsiveness, and so on) it became necessary to introduce a series of additional features into the Internet architecture. Having IP's universal addresses and best-effort service model was a necessary condition for adoption, but not a sufficient foundation for all the applications people wanted to build.
It is informative to reconcile the value of a universal narrow waist with the evolution that inevitably happens in any long-lived system: the "fixed point" around which the rest of the architecture evolves has moved to a new spot in the software stack. In short, HTTP has become the new narrow waist; the one shared/assumed piece of the global infrastructure that makes everything else possible. This didn't happen overnight or by proclamation, although some did anticipate it would happen. The narrow waist drifted slowly up the protocol stack as a consequence of a evolution (to mix geoscience and biological metaphors).
Putting the narrow waist label purely on HTTP is an over simplification. It's actually a team effort, with the HTTP/TLS/TCP/IP combination now serving as the Internet's common platform.
HTTP provides global object identifiers (URIs) and a simple GET/PUT interface.
TLS provides end-to-end communication security.
TCP provides connection management, reliable transmission, and congestion control.
IP provides global host addresses and a network abstraction layer.
In other words, even though you are free to invent your own congestion control algorithm, TCP solves this problem quite well, so it makes sense to reuse that solution. Similarly, even though you are free to invent your own RPC protocol, HTTP provides a perfectly serviceable one (which because it comes bundled with proven security, has the added feature of not being blocked by enterprise firewalls), so again, it makes sense to reuse it rather than reinvent the wheel.
Somewhat less obviously, HTTP also provides a good foundation for dealing with mobility. If the resource you want to access has moved, you can have HTTP return a redirect response that points the client to a new location. Similarly, HTTP enables injecting caching proxies between the client and server, making it possible to replicate popular content in multiple locations and save clients the delay of going all the way across the Internet to retrieve some piece of information. (See how in Section 9.4.) Finally, HTTP has been used to deliver real-time multi-media, in an approach known as adaptive streaming. (See how in Section 7.2.)
Virtual Networks
Bruce Davie
For almost as long as there have been packet-switched networks, there have been ideas about how to virtualize them. For example, there were early debates in the networking community about the merits of "virtual circuits" versus connectionless networks. But the concept of network virtualization has become more widespread in recent years, helped along by the rise of SDN as an enabling technology.
Virtualization has a robust history in computer science, but there remains some confusion about precisely what the term means. Arguably this is due in part to confusion caused by colloquial usage of "virtual" as a synonym for "almost", among many other uses.
Virtual memory provides an easy example to help understand what virtualization means in computing. Virtual memory creates an abstraction of a large and private pool of memory resources, even though the underlying physical memory may be shared by many applications and users and considerably smaller than the apparent pool of virtual memory. This abstraction enables programmers to operate under the illusion that there is plenty of memory and that no-one else is using it, while under the covers the memory management system takes care of things like mapping the virtual memory to physical resources and avoiding conflict between users.
Similarly, server virtualization presents the abstraction of a virtual machine (VM), which has all the features of a physical machine. Again, there may be many VMs supported on a single physical server, and the operating system and users on the virtual machine are happily unaware that the VM is being mapped onto physical resources.
A key point here is that virtualization of computing resources preserves the abstractions that existed before they were virtualized. This is important because it means that users of those abstractions don't need to change - they see a faithful reproduction of the thing being virtualized.
So what happens when we try to virtualize networks? We are able to present familiar abstractions to users of the virtual network, while mapping those abstractions onto the physical network in a way that insulates the user from the complexity of this mapping.
An early success for virtual networking came with the introduction of virtual private networks (VPNs), which allowed carriers to present corporate customers with the illusion that they had their own private network, even though in reality they were sharing underlying resources with many other users. One instance of this was the flavor of VPN known as MPLS VPNs, which gave each customer their own private address space and routing tables, along with control over the topology of their network, all implemented on top of a single IP network.
VPNs, however, only virtualize a few resources, notably addressing and routing tables. Network virtualization as commonly understood today goes further, virtualizing every aspect of networking. That means that a virtual network today supports all the basic abstractions of a physical network - switching, routing, firewalling, load balancing - virtualizing the entire network stack from layers two through seven. In this sense, they are analogous to the virtual machine, with its support of all the abstractions of a server: CPU, storage, I/O, etc.
Like virtual machines, virtual networks are also allowing a whole set of operational advances. They can be created rapidly under programmatic control; snapshots can be taken; networks can be cloned and migrated to entirely new locations, e.g., for disaster recovery.
There's still lots of room for growth in the virtual networking space. Modern cloud operators increasingly depend on virtual networks to automate their provisioning of services. Operators of emerging 5G networks are looking at options for virtualizing their networks.
For a more in depth discussion of this topic, we refer you to this blog post, co-authored with Martin Casado, one of the pioneers of both SDN and network virtualization.
SDN and Disaggregation
Earlier posts talked about the softwarization of the network in fairly general terms, but the idea got rolling ten years ago with the introduction of Software Defined Networks (SDN).
The fundamental idea of SDN is to decouple the network control plane (i.e., where routing algorithms like RIP, OSPF, and BGP run) from the network data plane (i.e., where packet forwarding decisions get made), with the former moved into software running on commodity servers, and the latter implemented by white-box switches like the ones described in Section 3.4 of the book. The original enabling idea of SDN was to define a standard interface between the control plane and the data plane so that any implementation of the control plane could talk to any implementation of the data plane; this breaks the dependency on any one vendor's bundled solution. The original interface is called OpenFlow, and this idea of decoupling the control and data planes came to be known as disaggregation.
OpenFlow was a great first step, but a decade of experience has revealed that it is not sufficient as the interface for controlling the data plane. This is for the same reason any API layered on top of hardware falls short: it does not expose the full range of features that switch vendors put into their hardware. To address this shortcoming, the SDN community is now working on a language-based approach to specifying how the control and data planes interact. The language is called P4, and it provides a richer model of the switch's packet forwarding pipeline.
Another important aspect of disaggregation is that a logically centralized control plane can be used to control a distributed network data plane. We say logically centralized because while the state collected by the control plane is maintained in a global data structure (e.g., a Network Map), the implementation of this data structure could still be distributed over multiple servers (i.e., it could run in a cloud). This is important for both scalability and availability, where the two planes are configured and scaled independent of each other. This idea took off quickly in the cloud, with today's cloud providers running SDN-based solutions both within their datacenters and across the backbone networks that interconnect their datacenters.
A consequence of this design that isn't immediately obvious is that a logically centralized control plane doesn't just manage a network of physical (hardware) switches that interconnects physical servers, but it also manages a network of virtual (software) switches that interconnect virtual servers (e.g., Virtual Machines and containers). If you're counting "switch ports" (a good measure of all the devices connected to your network) then the number of virtual ports in the Internet shot past the number of physical ports in 2012.
One of other key enablers for SDN's success, as depicted in the Figure, is the Network Operating System (NOS). Like a server operating system (e.g., Linux, IOS, Android, Windows) that provides a set of high-level abstractions that make it easier to implement applications (e.g., you can read and write files instead of directly accessing disk drives), a NOS makes it easier to implement network control functionality, otherwise known as Control Apps. A good NOS abstracts the details of the network switches and provides a "network map" abstraction to the application developer. The NOS detects changes in the underlying network (e.g., switches, ports, and links going up-and-down) and the control application simply implements the behavior it wants on this abstract graph. What that means is that the NOS takes on the burden of collecting network state (the hard part of distributed algorithms like Link-State and Distance-Vector algorithms) and the control app is free to simply implement the shortest path algorithm and load the computed forwarding rules into the underlying switches. By centralizing this logic, SDN is able to produce a globally optimized solution. The published evidence confirms this advantage (e.g., Google's private wide-area network B4).
As much of an advantage as the cloud providers have been able to get out of SDN, its adoption in enterprises and Telcos has much much slower. This is partly about the ability of different markets to manage their networks. The Googles, Microsofts, and Amazons of the world have the engineers and DevOps skills needed to take advantage of this technology, whereas others still prefer pre-packaged and integrated solutions that support the management and command line interfaces they are familiar with. As is often the case, business culture changes more slowly than technology.
Feature Velocity vs Stability
It is important to recognize the various perspectives on computer networks (e.g., that of network architects, application developers, end users, and network operators) to understand the technical requirements that shape how networks are designed and built. But this presumes all design decisions are purely technical, which is certainly not the case. Many other factors, from economic forces, to government policy, to societal influences, to ethical considerations, influence how networks are designed and built.
Of these, the marketplace is often the most influential, and corresponds to the interplay between network operators that sell access and connectivity (e.g., AT&T, Comcast, Verizon, DT, NTT, China Mobile), network equipment venders that sell hardware to network operators (e.g., Cisco, Juniper, Ericsson, Nokia, Huawei, NEC), cloud providers that host content and scalable applications in their datacenters (e.g., Google, Amazon, Microsoft), service providers that deliver content and cloud apps to end-users (e.g., Facebook, Apple, Netflix, Spotify), and of course, subscribers and customers that download content and run cloud applications (i.e., individuals, but also enterprises and businesses). Not surprisingly, the lines between all these players are not crisp, with many companies playing multiple roles. For example, service providers like Facebook run their own clouds and network operators like Comcast and AT&T own their own content.
The most notable example of this cross-over are the large cloud providers, who (a) build their own networking equipment, (b) deploy and operate their own networks, and (c) provide end-user services and applications on top of their networks. It's notable because it challenges the implicit assumptions of the simple "textbook" version of the technical design process. One such assumption is that designing a network is a one-time activity. Build it once and use it forever (modulo hardware upgrades so users can enjoy the benefits of the latest performance improvements). A second is that the job of designing and implementing the network is completely divorce from the job of operating the network. Neither of these assumptions is quite right.
On the first point, the network's design is clearly evolving. The only question is how fast. Historically, the feature upgrade cycle involved an interaction between network operators and their vender partners (often collaborating through the standardization process), with timelines measured in years. But anyone that has downloaded and used the latest cloud app knows how glacially slow anything measured in years is by today's standards.
On the second point, the companies that build networks are almost always the same ones that operate them. The only question is whether they develop their own features or outsource that process to their venders. If we once again look to the cloud for inspiration, we see that develop-and-operate isn't just true at the corporate level, but it is also how the fastest moving cloud companies organize their engineering teams: around the DevOps model. (If you are unfamiliar with DevOps, we recommend you read "Site Reliability Engineering: How Google Runs Production Systems" to see how Google practices it.)
What this all means is that computer networks are now in the midst of a major transformation, due largely to market pressure being applied by agile cloud providers. Network operators are trying to simultaneously accelerate the pace of innovation (sometimes known as feature velocity) and yet continue to offer a reliable service (preserve stability). And they are increasingly doing this by adopting the best practices of cloud providers, which can be summarized as having two major themes: (1) take advantage of commodity hardware and move all intelligence into software, and (2) adopt agile engineering processes that break down barriers between development and operations.
This transformation is sometimes called the "cloudification" or "softwarization" of the network, but by another name, it's known as Software Defined Networks (SDN). Whatever you call it, this new perspective will (eventually) be a game changer, not so much in terms of how we address the fundamental technical challenges of framing, routing, fragmentation/reassembly, packet scheduling, congestion control, security, and so on, but in terms of how rapidly the network evolves to support new features and to accommodate the latest advances in technology.
This general theme is important and we plan to return to it in future posts. Understanding networks is partly about understanding the technical underpinnings, but also partly about how market forces (and other factors) drive change. That you are able to make informed design decisions about technical approach A versus technical approach B is a necessary first step, but that you are able to deploy that solution and bring it to market more rapidly and for less cost than the competition is just as important, if not more so.
From Research to Practice
Having not cracked open Computer Networks: A Systems Approach for several years, the thing that most struck me as I started to update the material is how much of the Internet has its origins in the research community. Everyone knows that the ARPANET and later TCP/IP came out of DARPA-funded university research, but even as the Web burst onto the scene in the 1990s, it was still the research community that that led the way in the Internet's coming-of-age. There's a direct line connecting papers published on congestion control, quality-of-service, multicast, real-time multimedia, security protocols, overlay networks, content distribution, and network telemetry to today's practice. And in many cases, the technology has become so routine (think Skype, Netflix, Spotify), that it's easy to forget the history of how we got to where we are today. This makes updating the textbook feel strangely like writing an historical record.
From the perspective of writing a relevant textbook (or just making sense of the Internet), certainly it's important to understand the historical context. It is even more important to appreciate the thought process of designing systems and solving problems, for which the Internet is clearly the best use case to study. But there are some interesting challenges in providing perspective on the Internet to a generation that has never known a world without the Internet.
One is how to factor commercial reality into the discussion. Take video conferencing as an example. Once there was a single experimental prototype (vic/vat) used to gain experience and drive progress. Today there is Skype, GoToMeeting, WebEx, Google Hangouts, Zoom, UberConference, and many other commercial services. It's important to connect-the-dots between these familiar services and the underlying network capabilities and design principles. For example, while today's video conferencing services leverage the foundational work on both multicast and real-time protocols, they are closed-source systems implemented on top of the network, at the application level. They are able to do this by taking advantage of widely distributed points-of-presence made possible by the cloud. Teasing apart the roles of cloud providers, cloud services, and network operators is key to understanding how and where innovation happens today.
A second is to identify open platforms and specifications that serve as good exemplars for the core ideas. Open source has become an important part of today's Internet ecosystem, surpassing the role of the IETF and other standards bodies. In the video conferencing realm, for example, projects like Jitsi, WebRTC, and Opus are important examples of the state-of-the-art. But one look at the projects list on the Apache Foundation or Linux Foundation web sites makes it clear that separating the signal from the noise is no trivial matter. Knowing how to navigate this unbelievably rich ecosystem is the new challenge.
A third is to anticipate what cutting edge activity happening today is going to be routine tomorrow. On this point, the answer seems obvious. It will be how network providers improve feature velocity through the softwarization and virtualization of the network. By another name, this is Software Defined Networking (SDN), but more broadly, this represents a shift from building the network using closed/proprietary appliances to using open software platforms running on commodity hardware. This shift is both pervasive and transformative. It impacts everything from high-performance switch design, to architecting access networks (5G, Fiber-to-the-Home), to how network operators deal with lifecycle management, to the blurring of the line between the Internet and the Cloud. Recognizing that this transformation is underway is essential to understanding where the Internet is headed next.


An Ultrasonic Mouse repeller creates an environment that mice wants to get away from - quickly. It does this in two ways by simply making them feel so uncomfortable they want to leave your house.
Firstly by using fluctuating ultrasonic waves to help keep your home free from mice. Once plugged into the plug socket, the Mouse repeller emits ultrasonic waves into the room and causes auditory stress to mice and other vermin.
The second deterrent mode is that when you plug the Ultrasonic Mouse Repeller into your mains socket it becomes part of the wiring loop throughout your home. It uses the wiring to broadcast an intermittent electro-magnetic signal that again attacks the nervous system of the pest in your walls causing them to leave. This signal also can be felt by the Pest outwards from the wiring up to 6 feet. So this acts as a deterrent to pests coming into your home from the outside as they can feel these signals coming from your outside walls.
Most models are mains powered but we also have a couple of battery powered ultrasonic mouse repellers for the those places where you might not have a 240v socket, such as a loft, garage, shed, caravan or even a car (yes, mice do get into cars and eat through the wiring!).


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6 subtle signs of insidious sexual harassment in the office
Rachel Gillett Nov. 7, 2017, 11:31 AM
It's not always easy to discern innocent workplace behaviour from sexual harassment. David Pereiras/Shutterstock
It's not always easy to discern innocent workplace behaviour from sexual harassment.
Sexual harassment can include unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favours, and other verbal or physical harassment of a sexual nature, but it doesn't always.
Use these subtle signs to to discern exactly what qualifies as sexual harassment.
Sexual harassment, especially when it's happening to you or around you, isn't always so clear-cut and obvious.
According to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, sexual harassment can include unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favours, and other verbal or physical harassment of a sexual nature.
But it doesn't have to be of a sexual nature. Sexual harassment can also include offensive remarks about a person's sex.
And for the harassment to be considered unlawful, it has to be so frequent or severe that it creates a hostile or offensive work environment or results in an adverse employment decision, like the victim being fired or demoted.
While these parameters are helpful, it can be difficult when you're in such a situation to discern exactly what qualifies as sexual harassment.
When an issue is taken to court, for example, some courts determined that something is harassment using the standard of what a "reasonable person" would consider unwelcome and sexual, whereas other courts have used the standard of what a "reasonable woman" considers harassing when the victim is female, ABC News reports.
By these standards, sexual harassment is very much in the eye of the beholder.
As Daley Haggar, a comedy writer in Los Angeles, recently wrote in Lenny Letter, "Being sexually harassed by a sitcom writer is like being sexually harassed by your gynecologist. It can be hard to tell if the guy's being a pervert or just doing his job."
Of course, it's not just comedy writers who have a hard time discerning innocent workplace behaviour from sexual harassment. The signs can be subtle. Which is why we've compiled some below:
permalink="/#youexperience-behavior-of-a-sexual-nature-that-makes-you-uncomfortable-1″
title="You experience behaviour of a sexual nature that makes you uncomfortable"
content="Ellen Bravo, who directs Family Values @ Work, a network of state coalitions working for family-friendly policies, told Business Insider sexual comments or requests that you find unwanted or offensive and inappropriate touching are the first sign of sexual harassment.
Bravo, who has extensive experience writing and training on the subject of sexual harassment, including co-authoring 'The 9 to 5 Guide to Combating Sexual Harassment' and authoring 'Again and Again,' a novel about date rape, said that this can include a number of scenarios.
For example, if someone:
· Stands too close and talks in an intimate way.
· Keeps looking at or commenting on your body in a way that makes you uncomfortable. There's a difference between saying 'nice dress' and 'that dress really shows off your curves.'
· Asks you about your personal life, including your romantic or sexual experiences.
· Insists on talking about their own sexual experiences.
· Keeps trying to get you to meet alone outside of work.
· Shows you pornographic materials or tries to get you to talk about a sexually-charged movie or song or other such topic.
'The best guideline is the 'uh-oh' feeling,' Bravo said. 'You think the person knows they are making you uncomfortable and is enjoying that power over you.'"
image="http://static.businessinsider.com/image/5a00a7384d05ac1f008b7075″
source="Pormezz/Shutterstock"
permalink="/#youre-unable-to-make-it-stop-2″
title="You're unable to make it stop"
content="'If you've tried various ways to say, 'I don't like this and don't want to participate, hear it, or be treated this way,' but the individual does not stop the behaviour,' Bravo says this is a clear indicator.
According to the EEOC, simple teasing, off-hand comments, or isolated incidents that are not very serious are not unlawful. But when it's become so chronic or severe that the behaviour creates a hostile or offensive work environment or results in an adverse work event, that's unlawful."
image="http://static.businessinsider.com/image/5a00a6fe4d05ac26008b7026″
source="BluIz60/Shutterstock"
permalink="/#you-feel-pressured-to-go-along-with-it-3″
title="You feel pressured to go along with it"
content="'Either explicitly or implicitly, you feel you do not have permission to avoid or end the behaviour,' Bravo said. 'You may be told that the harasser is a rainmaker and that you need to avoid him.'"
image="http://static.businessinsider.com/image/5a00a81e4d05ac802d8b697c"
source="fizkes/Shutterstock"
permalink="/#you-dont-feel-comfortable-making-a-complaint-4″
title="You don't feel comfortable making a complaint"
content="'You may lack information on channels for reporting harassment, or fear you won't be believed, or feel embarrassed or incompetent because you aren't able to handle it on your own,' Bravo said. 'You may also be reluctant to get someone in trouble — what you really want is for the behaviour to stop.'"
image="http://static.businessinsider.com/image/59f9de574d05ac20008b4c0b"
source="racorn/Shutterstock"
permalink="/#you-fear-repercussions-if-you-speak-up-5″
title="You fear repercussions if you speak up"
content="If you've heard or seen other people be demeaned, criticised, or suffer negative career consequences for speaking up, Bravo said that's a red flag.
Comments like 'she has no sense of humour or 'she's a troublemaker' are a bad sign.
Also, if you've never seen anyone commended for coming forward, and management ignores or downplays the issue, these could also be an issue."
image="http://static.businessinsider.com/image/5a00a9de58a0c130008b6e5c"
source="Strelka Institute for Media, Architecture and Design/flickr. Licensed under Creative Commons 2.0″
credit_href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/strelka/33363396313/"
permalink="/#you-feel-youre-being-punished-for-yourgender-6″
title="You feel you're being punished for your gender"
content="If you suspect you're being given different shifts, different work, or being passed over for opportunities and promotions because of your gender, this could also be considered sexual harassment, FairyGodBoss reports."
image="http://static.businessinsider.com/image/5a00aa5f4d05acb23f8b66e4″
source="Strelka/Flickr. Licensed under Creative Commons 2.0″
credit_href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/strelka/8118614774/in/album-72157632593544619/"
Rachel Gillett
Former Obama official blasts Supreme Court justices for blocking Biden's vaccine...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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James Mann Williamson (geboren am 25. Dezember 1849 in South Shields; gestorben am 12. November 1901 in Ventnor) war ein britischer Arzt.

Leben
James Mann Williamson war der Sohn des Arztes James Williamson. Ab dem 13. Lebensjahr besuchte er die Edinburgh High School. Er studierte Medizin an der London University. 1872 erhielt er den ersten medizinischen Grad als "Bachelor of Medicine" und erhielt die C.M. an der Edinburgh University. Dort studierte er bei Joseph Lister, James Spence (1812–1882) und Sir Alexander Russell Simpson (1835–1916). 1875 promovierte er zum M. D. Er wurde Arzt am Royal National Hospital in Ventnor. Er war Mitglied, der Clinical and Pathological Societies of London. 1882 heiratete er Janet Eliza Bruce, Tochter von William Bruce D.D. und Nichte des Dichters und Predigers Robertson of Irvine. Er hatte drei Kinder Hilda, Janet and James Bruce (1892–1979). Zu seinen Patienten der gehörten der junge Winston Churchill, Karl Marx und andere.

Karl Marx, der seinen letzten Erholungsurlaub auf der Isle of Wight in Ventnor verbrachte (30. Oktober 1882 bis 12. Januar 1883), war bei ihm in Behandlung. Überliefert sind zwei Briefe an Marx von Williamson und eine Widmung von Karl Marx an Janet Eliza Williamson auf einer Fotografie von Marx.

Werke
 Treatment of Bronchitis in Children (in 3 parts). In: The Mothers Magazine
 Ventnor and the Undercliff in Chronic Pulmonary Diseases. Balliére, Tindall, and Cox, London 1877; 2nd. Ed. 1884,
 On the supposed relation between haemorrhage and altered barometric pressure. With observations on 120 cases of haemoptysis. Henry Renshaw, London 1879. (=Medical tracts 48)
 Lecture. Sleep and its relation to Dreams, Somnambulism and Trance. 1880.
 Some Practical Points on the Treatment of Haemoptysis. The British medical Journal. Vol. I. 1882.
 The Laryngeal Complications of Consumption. In: The British medical Journal. Vol. II. 1882.
 Ventnor and the Undercliff in Chronic Pulmonary Diseases. 2nd. Ed., Balliére, Tindall, and Cox, London 1884.
 A Plea for the fuller study of the elimination of drugs from the system. An address delivered before the Isle of Wight District of the British Medical Association. Edinburgh 1887.
 The life and times of St. Boniface. W.J. Knight, Ventnor / H. Frowde, London 1904,

Nachlass
 Williamson, Dr James Mann, (c 1849–1901), general practitioner at Ventnor, Isle of Wight. Digitalisat

Literatur
 Obituary. James Mann Williamson, M.D., C.M. Edin. In: The British medical Journal vom 7. Dezember 1901, S. 1716–1717,
 Wilhelm Levison: Das Buch von James M. Williamson, The life and times of St. Boniface, Ventor (W. J. Knight) und London (H. Frowde) 1904. In: Historische Zeitschrift. Band 95. R. Oldenbourg, München 1905, S. 527–528,
 Alfred E. Laurence, A. N. Insole: Prometheus Bound. Isle of Wight County Council, Cultural Services Dept.Isle of Wight, Newport o. J.
 Alfred E. Laurence: Über drei unveröffentlichte Schreiben von Karl Marx an seinen Arzt auf der Insel Wight vom Januar 1883. In: Jahrbuch des Instituts für Marxistische Studien und Forschungen, 8/1985. Frankfurt am Main 1985, S. 375–382. DEA-Archiv Digitalisat

Weblinks
 Dr James Mann Williamson. Reproduced with permission from Mrs Betty Williamson
  Isle of Wight Hospitals. A Detailed History of the Island's Hospitals – Past and Present.
 Memorials and Monuments on the Isle of Wight - Ventnor Karl Marx

Einzelnachweise

Autor
Mediziner (19. Jahrhundert)
Allgemeinmediziner
Brite
Geboren 1849
Gestorben 1901
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Life annuities can be a valuable component of the decumulation stage of wealth during retirement. While economists argue that most retirees should annuitize, actual demand in the marketplace is low. We analyze data from two studies to determine how measurable individual differences among consumers affect their interest in annuities. We find that a relatively high percentage of respondents dislike all annuities. Demographic factors are not predictive of which individuals dislike annuities, and individual factors predicted by economic models to be important (such as beneficiaries) have small or even opposite effects. The strongest individual differences we measured that predicts liking of annuities is the respondent's perception of product fairness. We discuss implications of our findings for financial planners hoping to help their customers with these decumulation challenges.


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Chevrolet Corvette C8 confirmed for right-hand drive
Car NewsPerformance
HomeCar NewsChevrolet Corvette C8 confirmed...
Mid-engined V8-powered supercar priced from $148,000 in highly specified Launch Edition trim.
Chevrolet has confirmed European specification details for its new C8 Corvette Stingray, which will be the first Corvette in the model's 67-year history to officially be sold in right-hand drive form.
As we understand, it is likely to be also be offered in Australia, with confirmation that Chevrolet is producing the Corvette in RHD all but sealing the deal for Australia deliveries.
Arriving in European dealerships in the second half of 2021, the C8 will be available in both coupé and convertible guises, from £81,700 (AU $148,000) and £87,110 (AU $155,000) respectively. All models sold here will be specified with the Z51 performance package and highly specified 2LT trim as standard.
That means all European cars will gain a number of hardware upgrades over the base-spec American car, including manually adjustable suspension, larger brake discs, an electronic limited-slip differential, a shorter axle ratio, a performance exhaust system, Michelin Pilot Sport 4S tyres and an aerodynamically enhancing bodykit.
Additional standard equipment fitted includes a head-up display, data recorder, sat nav, 14-speaker Bose sound system, rear camera mirror and heated, ventilated seats.
The first Corvettes to arrive will be limited-run Launch Edition cars, which will pack a magnetic ride control system and bespoke design details that set them apart from the standard models.
As well as being the first Corvette to come to Europe, the new C8 features a mid-engine layout for the first time in a bid to take on European rivals such as Porsche and Ferrari.
Since the first version of the two-seater was launched in 1953, Corvettes have featured a front-engined, rear-drive layout – but the 369kW 6.2-litre V8 in the new C8 machine is mounted behind the driver for the first time.
Mark Reuss, the president of Chevrolet parent firm General Motors, said at last year's launch that "the traditional front-engined vehicle reached its limits of performance, necessitating the new layout." He added that: "in terms of comfort and fun, it still looks and feels like a Corvette, but drives better than any vehicle in Corvette history."
The entry level version of the new machine is dubbed Stingray, reviving a badge first used in 1963, and is able to reach 0-60mph in under three seconds, making it the fastest base-level Corvette ever. More powerful variants are due to follow.
Switching to a mid-engine layout has increased the length of the new model by 137mm to 4630mm, with the wheelbase stretched to 2723mm. It is 1933mm wide, 56mm wider than the previous C7 model, although at 1234mm it is marginally lower. The new Corvette weighs 1527kg, 166kg more than previously.
While retaining some familiar design cues, the new Corvette has a more 'global' look due to the new layout, with echoes of recent two-seat McLaren and Ferrari machines. Chevrolet claims a more 'driver-centric' interior design, with the shorter bonnet bringing increased visibility.
When it was introduced in 1953, the original Corvette was a striking alternative to the hefty behemoths that dominated American roads, with its lightweight fibreglass body and two-seat cabin. Zora Arkus-Duntov, considered the 'father' of the Corvette, had long pushed for a mid-engine layout, but, while several prototypes were built, this is the first production version to make the switch.
To underscore the switch, the C8 Corvette features a glass cover to highlight its engine, which produces 30kW more than in the previous model. It also develops 637Nm of torque.
It will also be the first Corvette since the sports car's early years to forego a manual gearbox in favour of an all-new eight-speed dual-clutch transmission with paddle-shifters. It includes a new feature called double-paddle de-clutch, which allows the driver to decouple the clutch for greater manual control.
The gearshifter is electronically linked to the transmission, freeing up space, and an array of key controls line up, Porsche-style, along the edge of the centre console. A new customisable display is visible through the squared-off steering wheel, while the infotainment screen now angles towards the driver.
As with the C7, the new C8 Stingray features Magnetic Ride Control, which uses a special, magnetically sensitive fluid that allows the suspension dampers to be quickly adjusted. A performance traction management system is also available, with an electronic limited slip differential standard on the entry-level car.
A front splitter and open two-piece rear spoiler work together to generate as much as 181kg of downforce under aggressive cornering.
Buyers have the option of all-season Michelin Pilot Sport ALS tyres – which Chevrolet claims can manage nearly 1G cornering – or the Z51 package's Michelin Pilot Sport 4S. Front tyres are 245/35ZR19s, with 305/30ZR20s at the rear.
Like all recent generations of the Corvette, the C8 is being assembled in Bowling Green, Kentucky, but Chevy is seeking to enhance the model's presence around the world, much as rival Ford has done with the latest-generation Mustang.
Upgraded versions are likely to retain familiar designations like Z06 and ZR1 will be following over the next few years, with rumours suggesting the C8 could eventually nudge towards 745kW.
De Tomaso P72 to arrive in 2023
Noble returns with M500 supercar
Video: Hennessey Venom F5 at full throttle
Chevrolet details its first electric Silverado ute
A detailed look at the Hispano Suiza
Leaked: Pagani C10 allegedly shown
Koenigsegg teases a new hypercar for 2022
2022 Audi R8 RWD V10 Review
Lexus reveals 'LFA' EV supercar concept
Bugatti reveals customised Chiron Pur Sport 'Sur Mesure'
2022 Maserati MC20 Review
What to expect: 2022 Aston Martin V12 Vantage


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Sawyer, S., & Tapia, A. (2005). The sociotechnical nature of mobile computing work: Evidence from a study of policing in the United States. International Journal of Technology and Human Interaction, 1(3), 1-14.
Junho, S. (in press). Roadmap for e-commerce standardization in Korea. International Journal of IT Standards and Standardization Research.
Zhao, F. (Ed.). (2006). Maximize business profits through e-partnerships. Hershey, PA: IRM Press.
Jaques, P. A., &Viccari, R. M. (2006). Considering students' emotions in computer-mediated learning environments. In Z. Ma (Ed.), Web-based intelligent e-learning systems: Technologies and applications (pp. 122-138). Hershey, PA: Information Science Publishing.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1991). A motivational approach to self: Integration in personality. In Proceedings of Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (vol. 38, pp. 237-288). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
Wilfley, D. (1989). Interpersonal analyses of bulimia: Normal-weight and obese (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.
Lanktree, C., &Briere, J. (1991, January). Early data on the trauma symptom checklist for children (TSC-C). Paper presented at the meeting of the American Professional Society on the Abuse of Children, San Diego, CA.
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Happy Hands at work in our Newburgh Center!
/ Activities / Happy Hands at work in our Newburgh Center!
We had all hands on deck for this art project! The members have been helping to decorate the center for our 5th anniversary celebration.
We are all ready to party and celebrate Sunshine!


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Being White
Being White Following Jesus
Who am I? / Race vs. Ethnicity: what's the difference?
dschaupp	Personal	 July 25, 2016 4 Minutes
As I continue on this long (and sometimes bumpy) road of ethnic identity and racial reconciliation, I am continuously amazed at how complex this journey really is. One way it gets even more complicated is the subject of ethnicity and race. A lot of white folks use these terms interchangeably. While they do go together, I have learned they are not the same thing.
My journey involves me owning my privilege and supremacy as a white straight man in the Midwest, and continuing to understand how I benefit from such associations and identifications. Discovering the implications of my racial identity is essential to my ethnic identity journey. Growing up in California and moving to the Midwest has been amazing but difficult too. I have never been made more aware of how different two white populations in the same country can be. When I express my emotions in church and other places, many people who look just like me (i.e. white) don't know how to respond to my passionate, expressive personality. I feel so awkward. Why are these Midwest people not as excited as I am to talk about feelings? Is it a geographical difference in the United States? Or maybe the ridiculously cold winters in Wisconsin just freeze your emotions? While these are both true, maybe there is something more to it.
Race is defined as a group of people with a common physical feature or features. Makes sense why I benefit from white privilege and white supremacy. Ethnicity, however is a state of belonging to a social group that has a common national or cultural tradition. For more, see Ethnicity vs. Race.
"Nana, why doesn't more of our family speak Spanish?" That question is one that still rips a band-aid off a wound for me. I was doing a research project in college interviewing women in my family and I wanted to know more about the side of my family I knew least about: my Spanish heritage. Most white Americans don't know much about Spanish culture and I grew up just as naïve. I grew up assuming, "I'm only a quarter Spanish so it doesn't really matter, right?"
As I grew older, I started to realize my Spanish heritage was not the same as my Scotch-Irish side and that the experience of many of my white friends was not always the same as me. Why did some of my family burn to crisp in the sun and others turn an olive color? And why did some of my family have the last name Perez and others not?
My grandma explained that when her older sister was young, the principal beat her when she spoke Spanish in kindergarten. I cannot say if this is the only reason why my family stopped speaking Spanish, but it undoubtedly played a significant role. I do not pretend to understand what it was like for my Spanish family to enter the United States. Names and language can adapt, enabling me now to assimilate fully into white privilege and supremacy. But I wish my family would have carried on more of the language and the culture, the things that tied my family to Cadiz, Spain. I lost something in the process. We all did.
On a recent podcast, I heard Michelle Higgins talk about how white people in the United States, defined by their Italian or Irish ethnic heritage, also experiencing some discrimination for keeping their cultural norms. These communities quickly realized if they defined themselves by their race, they would no longer be the subject of such abuse and oppression. When our families made that choice, we knit ourselves with white supremacy and abandoned our ethnic identities. We no longer saw ourselves as having an identity in our community.
"We had Mediterranean exclusion acts, we had local civil laws about Irish men and women, about people from Germany. We have had a lot of anti-people laws that were directly connected to ethnicities. There was a time when you were Irish there was no way in the world you were going to marry anybody who was Italian. But somehow because of black and brown skinned people, because of the necessary subjugation of people who looked a certain way and that is including our Asian family members as well. Somehow because of that it became more beneficial, it became more secure to get rid of Italian, Greek, German, Irish, Syrian even, Armenian. It became more beneficial to just call oneself white. And when that happened everyone lost something even the people making the choice. They chose to be color-blind amongst people who shared some piece of the spectrum of their own skin color. But they lost in that because the thing that they were bowing down to was artificial. Power directly connected to race is artificial." (Michelle Higgins)
Over the last five years I've been on a journey of owning my ethnic background and learning what it actually means to be Spanish and Scotch-Irish. At the same time, I need to own my racial identity as a white man in the United States who has participated in and benefited from the oppression of other ethnic and racial groups. (The history of Spain in the Americas is not one to enter into naively or lightly.)
I don't think the racial identity of being white by itself is a strong enough basis for us to participate in true reconciliation. Being racially white, there's not enough be proud of as we enter into the pain we cause our minority sisters and brothers. At the same time, drawing entirely on ethnic identity (saying "I'm not white, but I'm Spanish") is not the best way to approach conversations with minority sisters and brothers. However, a solid understanding of your own ethnic identity can propel you into dialogue when you need to own your privilege. If more white people could create places to explore the ethnic identity our families may have or have not abandoned, could that enrich our understanding of race, white supremacy, and white privilege? Could it give us the courage to enter into the pain of others?
true reconciliation
Published by dschaupp
I am the Associate National Director of Evangelism with InterVarsity Christian Fellowship.	View all posts by dschaupp
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Lake City Cemeteries
The City Cemetery, sometimes known as the Lower or Old Cemetery, came into existence in 1876. It is located on Cemetery Hill to the north of Lake City and just east of Colorado Highway 149 as it enters the town.
In February 1876, it was decided that a committee be appointed to select a site for a city cemetery.The Silver World newspaper observed: " [The City Fathers] hope there will be no undue rivalry as to who shall be the first occupant, but if a certain party does not refrain from standing and reading copy on the case, this office will enjoy the honor of furnishing the first denizen of the 'City of Dead.'"
The City Cemetery was started on several acres of hilly, pine covered ground north of Lake City which had originally been patented for a ranch. The land was never publicly owned and passed through several private ownerships, most recently the Carol White estate, before Hinsdale County acquired it in 1985.
There were apparently never any formal organization or records for the City Cemetery and burials took place on a haphazard basis and to this day, the majority of graves are unmarked.
The City Cemetery, as a common burial ground, reflects the widest spectrum of life in the late 19th century. All classes and professions of the people ended up on this quite hillside; the butcher, the baker, the Bluff Street prostitute, laundrymen and teachers, attorneys, leaders of the church and society, actors, gamblers and musicians, and of course, the ever present miners and prospectors. Immigrant burials make up a large portion of the City Cemetery, and there are identifiable sections for Catholics, Italians and paupers. "Paupers Row", a stark row of side by side unmarked graves, runs the length of the entrance gate. There is also an area which was apparently reserved for gamblers and prostitutes. The marker of Benjamin House, a Bluff Street faro dealer, who died in October 1876, is the oldest tombstone in the City Cemetery.
International Order of Odd Fellows Cemetery
Silver Star Lodge, No. 27, International Order of Odd Fellows (IOOF), decided to create their own private burial ground on the northern outskirts of Lake City in 1877. The first burial to take place in this new cemetery, which is located on Cemetery Jill approximately a quarter mile west of Colorado Highway 149, was Andrew T. Hopkins, who died in April 1877.
John F. Dodds completed the first formal survey of the IOOF Cemetery on November 21, 1877. The original cemetery consisted of 3.82 acres on the Peter A. Simmons ranch. Burial in the IOOF Cemetery was intended to be very restrictive. In the early years of its existence, only members of the Odd Fellows Lodge or their immediate families were permitted to purchase burial plots. Restrictions had loosened somewhat by 1900, however, and members of other fraternities and sororities were allowed to be buried in the cemetery. The cemetery was later opened to the general public and finally taken over by Hinsdale County after the Odd Fellows Lodge was dissolved. The IOOF Cemetery remains the principal burial location for the area at this time.
There are subtle differences between the City and IOOF Cemeteries. Due to its burial restrictions, the IOOF Cemetery contains fewer burials and it reflects a greater percentage of Lake City's business and professional people. The memorials and fences of the IOOF Cemetery are in general more elaborate and costly than those in the City Cemetery. Where unmarked graves and wooden markers predominate in the City burial ground, the IOOF Cemetery features more stylish and permanent markers. Immigrant burials and a majority of the miners and prospectors are noticeably absent from the IOOF Cemetery.
Historic Lake City
Historic Home Tour Map
Lake City Historic Churches
Hinsdale County Ghost Towns
Remains of Packer Victims
Historic Lake City Podcasts


West Bengal Police Recruitment Board has successfully completed the written examination process for Sub Inspector and Lady Sub Inspector post. After completing the examination process the department will declare the WB Police SI Result 2018.
The examination process has completed in the month of August. The candidates who have appeared in the examination process now they are waiting for WB Police Excise Sub Inspector Result 2018.
WB Police Excise SI Result will be live soon only its official portal. All applicants can check their result by using the registration number or date of birth.
WB Police Sub Inspector and Lady Sub Inspector Recruitment notification have issued by the officials. According to this notification, the department is going to fill up the Eligible candidates for the same. The department has accepted online application for the same.
The application submission process has completed, the Recruitment Board has organized the written exam for the selection of the candidates. This exam was conducted in the last week of August.
Here in this article, we provide you a direct link to check the WB Police Excise Sub Inspector Result 2018. The candidates can use this link at the time when they are going to check the WB Police Result 2018.
For more details, candidates can stay connected on our website. Here on this website, we provide you all latest update about WB Police Excise SI Result and WB Police Cut Off marks detail.
West Bengal Police Recruitment Board has organized a written examination for the post of Sub Inspector and Lady Sub Inspector in the Excise Department. This exam was held on 26 August 2018 at a different set exam center across the state.
According to the local newspaper, thousands of candidates have appeared in this exam. Now they are waiting for WB Police Excise SI Result 2018 that will be released online.
The applicants who have applied online for WB Police recruitment they will be selected on various phases of selection. The complete detail of the selection process is that.
The First phase of selection the written examination has completed now. After complete this process, the department has arranged the next phase of selection. All selected candidates can participate in the next phase of selection.
The candidates who will qualify the written exam then they will be called for Physical Test. In this process can check the candidate's chest, height, and weight. The candidates who will cover this challenge then they will be called for Document Verification which is the last phase of selection.
Haa! Are you waiting for WB Police Result 2018. If yes then you are at the correct place here in this article we provide you with all the information about WB Police Excise Sub Inspector Result and WB Police Cut off marks details. So you can visit regularly on this website.
The department has not declared any date for WB Police Result 2018. So you keep some patience and stay connected on our website to get all latest information regarding WB Police Excise SI Result 2018.
First, the recruitment board will declare the WB Police SI Answer key. The applicants who have appeared in the written examination process they can check the WB Police Answer key at the official portal or you can check the Answer key on our website.
After completing all process, the department will declare the WB Police Result. WB Police Excise SI Result will be released in upcoming months.
WB Police Result 2018 will be released soon. After declaring the result the department will publish the merit list for all selected candidates. The applicants can check their name, roll number in this merit list.
First, you need to open the official website of WB Police department.
Then you find the link of WB Police Result 2018 and click on it.
After that, you download the PDF file of WB Police Result.
Now you can check your name, roll number, and date of birth in this file.
Take a printout of your result for provisional uses.
Note– we hope that this article is very useful for all candidates. If the candidates have any doubt regarding the same then you can share your doubts by using the comment box.


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Rolando McClain not on Cowboys' flight to California
Published: Jul 28, 2016 at 11:37 AM
The Cowboys left Big D for Oxnard, Calif. on Thursday in anticipation for the start of training camp, but one notable player wasn't with them.
Suspended linebacker Rolando McClain was not on the team's charter to the Golden State, NFL Media Insider Ian Rapoport reported Thursday. The Cowboys do not yet have an explanation for his absence.
McClain was suspended 10 games in June for violating the NFL's policy against substances of abuse. He was also suspended four games for violating the same policy to start the 2015 season.
McClain isn't the only troubled player on Dallas' defense. Second-year defensive lineman Randy Gregory is facing an additional suspension on top of his standing four-game ban and has been enrolled in a treatment program. Fellow defensive end Demarcus Lawrence is suspended for the first four games of the season.
Dallas has become a safe haven as of late for players with checkered pasts; Jerry Jones has never been shy about giving people second chances at success. But McClain has tested the organization's conviction. McClain's history involves struggles with motivation, a 180-day jail sentence in 2012 for assault charges, his brief retirement from football in 2013 and, most recently, his skipping of offseason voluntary work. It's safe to say the former Alabama standout is running out of chances.


What's to know about alopecia areata Alopecia areata is a type of hair loss that affects patches of the scalp. It is usually temporary.
Why does your hair start growing gray? It is normal for aging people to have gray hair but it can become a problem if you start growing gray hair too soon.
White and gray hairs growing on person's head.
To conceal gray hair, dyeing is the best option.
Typically, body hair grays later than hair on the scalp.
Gray Hair Posts -- lots of tips and tricks for successfully growing out grey hair!
There is no proven way to reverse gray hair.
Grow your hair! Who says older woman can't look great with long hair!
Salt and pepper gray hair. Aging and going gray gracefully.
Photo of a woman in a long dress with long hair down to her knees.
Pubic hair and underarm/armpit hair (medically known as axillary hair) appears when the adrenal glands increase production of a hormone called DHEA.
10 months of growing out my dyed hair. Really glad I stuck with it. Now it is a mix of brown and grey and the texture is much better.
Embrace Your Gray Hair. I've been trying to do this for a while, but always change my mind. Maybe one day.
Salt and pepper gray hair. No dye. Aging and going gray gracefully.
Although many women dread the day they first spot a gray hair, this shade is beautiful and should be celebrated. That's right: Do.
If you are going to keep the long hair while growing out the grey.
Gray hair changes the way you look dramatically. If you let your hair go gray you need to update your makeup. Here's six great makeup tips for gray hair.
June Going gray has been one of the best decisions of my life. No more chemicals, very little upkeep and I like the time and money I save.
Pin by Maryam Remias | Makeup + Beauty Over 40 | Grey Hair on Maryam Remias | Hair, Gray hair highlights, Hair Highlights.
Grey hair can look stunning. Just because you have grey hair doesn't automatically mean that you are unfashionable or your hair will look ugly.
... the hair to turn white or grey. It is normal for aging people to have gray hair but it can become a problem if you start growing gray hair too soon.
The terrible, unintentional-looking period at two to three months.
As even Anna Ford steps out with silver hair, the question begs: When should you give in to grey?
Easy way to start the transition to having gray hair..... I've been wanting to just dye my hair grey with Purple highlights.
Do you have damaged hair? Have you bleached your hair more than once or twenty times? Does your hair feel/look dry & dead? Is your hair even growing ?
Image of happy, mature woman after transitioning to gray hair.
One thing most people fear with growing is old is that first gray hair as a sign of old age. Although some people embrace it others dread it.
A single hair grows for one to three years, then you shed it and grow a new one. As you age, your new hairs are more likely to be white.
... hair will grow through either gray or white. Stress will cause your hair to fall out faster and may grow back through in these colors as you get older.
As you get older that's just not the case. The main thing is that most times as a teenager, you feel impatient. You don't want to wait.


Home » Dr. Jeffrey J. Tan M.D.
Dr. Jeffrey J. Tan M.D.
About Dr. Jeffrey . Tan M.D.
Jeffrey J. Tan MD graduated with a bachelor's degree in business administration from the Haas School of Business at University of California, Berkeley, California. Dr. Tan then went on to earn his medical degree at Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts. He completed his ophthalmology residency at SUNY Downstate Medical Center in Brooklyn, NY, where he served as chief resident and received the Kings County resident of the year award and the Richard C. Troutman award for academic excellence. During his training there, he was also awarded the Association of University Professors of Ophthalmology (AUPO) research award and the SUNY Downstate research award. He has subsequently completed a two-year fellowship in vitreo-retinal diseases and surgery at the USC Roski Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California. He has been awarded the prestigious Vit-Buckle Society Best Fellow Surgical Award two years in a row. Dr. Tan has published in multiple journals and book chapters, and has developed a novel surgical technique to improve visualization during pars plana vitrectomy. Dr. Tan is fluent in Mandarin Chinese and speaks medical Spanish.
Managing High-Risk Asymptomatic RRD- Navigating a management dilemma in this young surgeon who had LASIK.
Pediatric persistent nephrogram without contrast-induced nephropathy after trauma.
Journal of Clinical Pediatric Nephrology.
Ocular Adverse Effects of Intravitreal Bevacizumab Are Potentiated by Intermittent Hypoxia in a Rat Model of Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy.
Intravitreal bevacizumab alters type IV collagenases and exacerbates arrested alveologenesis in the neonatal rat lungs.
THE BANDAGE LENS TECHNIQUE: A NOVEL METHOD TO IMPROVE INTRAOPERATIVE VISUALIZATION AND FLUIDIC STABILIZATION DURING VITRECTOMY IN CASES OF PENETRATING OCULAR TRAUMA.
Beach Medical Dr. Jeffrey J. Tan M.D.


You might enjoy watching your edge-of-the-seat favorite sport, game or race, however, if you truly desire to include some serious green spice to your hobby then you can definitely start betting on them. You need not be a gambling pro because you can readily earn while you learn with sports online betting.
If you're a resident of any European country then you can click on GertGambell.net and seek out the very best online sportsbooks that provide you a chance to bet on sports or races including baseball, college and nfl football, college and nba basketball, golf, boxing, horse racing, and tennis among other casino and board games internet gambling.
However, if you are in the United States then you'll have to check if the website at which you intend to bet has the necessary clearances otherwise it may not be legal for you to bet at such sites. Some sites offer the services of a middleman for US citizens but you will have to make sure that this move is not illegal or risky since all of your winnings will first have to be received by the middleman before they are transferred to your account.
You should first understand that basketball and football are mostly based upon betting lines whereas horse racing, hockey and baseball, among others are based mostly on odds. Thus, it is imperative that you quickly learn to correctly interpret each betting line and calculate odds if you want to convert much of your bets into winning ones. You should also play just with the top sports betting sites so as to boost your odds of winning higher amounts. These basic tips will allow you to begin smoothly and earn while you learn about the finer nuances of online gambling. There is a free sports betting system and also very honest tips at GertGambell.net – also concerning the back side of sports betting when bookmakers don't accept being drained and drained for cash by winners.
You can start out by placing straight bets before stepping into the exciting realm of parimutuel betting with over/under, spreads, totals, parlays, teases, etc. This can turn each bet into an exhilarating one while allowing you to win more money too. Along with accepting credit cards, each sportsbook which you play with should also feature an e-check facility to securely transfer money to your account.
You should also seek out sites offering free or premium sports betting picks because these picks are based on the expertise of experienced handicapping managers and can enable you to place informed bets. You can also pick up rich tips from sites such as sportsline that is a goldmine in supplying the latest news in sports and the betting world. It's also wise to utilize all of the freebies offered by various online betting sites so as to save on initial expenses while getting invaluable experience simultaneously more help.
While betting in the old-fashioned way would entail searching for actual sports books and visiting them repeatedly to put your bets and to check up on the list of winners, sports online betting alternatively will demand just a few clicks and a few minutes before you can start betting. The good thing is that you can earn while you learn whenever you employ betting picks from inside your gambling arsenal even as you quickly turn into a betting pro yourself.


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Home » Health News » New compounds could be used to treat autoimmune disorders
New compounds could be used to treat autoimmune disorders
29/05/2019 mediabest Health News
The immune system is programmed to rid the body of biological bad guys—like viruses and dangerous bacteria—but its precision isn't guaranteed. In the tens of millions of Americans suffering from autoimmune diseases, the system mistakes normal cells for malicious invaders, prompting the body to engage in self-destructive behavior. This diverse class of conditions, which includes Type I diabetes, lupus, and multiple sclerosis, can be very difficult to treat.
In a new report in Nature Communications, researchers in the laboratory of Thomas Tuschl describe their development of small molecules that inhibit one of the main enzymes implicated in misguided immune responses. This research could lead to new treatments for people with certain autoimmune disorders and, more broadly, sheds light on the causes of autoimmunity.
Cellular security
In eukaryotes, including humans, DNA typically resides in a cell's nucleus, or in other sequestered organelles such as mitochondria. So if DNA is found outside of these compartments—in the cell's cytosol—the immune system goes into high alert, assuming the genetic material was leaked by an invading bacterium or virus.
In 2013, researchers discovered an enzyme called cyclic GMP-AMP synthase, or cGAS, that detects and binds to cytosolic DNA to initiate a chain reaction—a cascade of cellular signaling events that leads to immune activation and usually ends with the destruction of the DNA-shedding pathogen.
Yet, cytosolic DNA isn't always a sign of infection. Sometimes it's produced by the body's own cells—and cGAS does not discriminate between infectious and innocuous DNA. The enzyme will bind to perfectly harmless genetic material, prompting an immune response even in the absence of an intruder.
"There is no specificity. So in addition to sensing foreign microbial DNA, cGAS will also sense aberrant cytosolic DNA made by the host," says postdoctoral associate Lodoe Lama. "And this lack of self versus non-self specificity could be driving autoimmune reactions."
Since the discovery of cGAS, researchers in the Tuschl laboratory have sought to understand its potential clinical relevance. If autoimmune disorders are the result of an erroneously activated immune system, then perhaps, they believe, a cGAS inhibitor could be used to treat these conditions.
Until now, no potent and specific small-molecule compound existed to block cGAS in human cells, though the researchers previously identified one that can do the job in mouse cells. Hoping to fill this gap, Tuschl's team collaborated with Rockefeller's High-Throughput and Spectroscopy Resource Center to scan through a library of almost 300,000 small molecules, searching for one that might target human cGAS.
Building a blocker
Through their screen, the researchers identified two molecules that showed some activity against cGAS—but this result was just the beginning of a long process towards developing an inhibitor that might be used in a clinical setting.
"The hits from library compounds were a great starting point, but they were not potent enough," says Lama. "So we used them as molecular scaffolds on which to make improvements, altering their structures in ways that would increase potency and also reduce toxicity."
Working with the Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, the researchers modified one of their original scaffolds to create three compounds that blocked cGAS activity in human cells—making them the first molecules with this capability. Further analysis by researchers at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center revealed that the compounds inhibit cGAS by wedging into a pocket of the enzyme that is key to its activation.
The compounds are now being further optimized for potential use in patients, with an initial focus on treatment of the rare genetic disease Aicardi-Goutières syndrome. People with this condition accumulate abnormal cytosolic DNA that activates cGAS, leading to serious neurological problems. A drug that blocks the enzyme would therefore be of tremendous therapeutic value to those with the disease, who currently have few treatment options.
"This class of drug could potentially also be used to treat more common diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, and possibly neurodegenerative diseases that include inflammatory contributions, such as Parkinson's disease," says Tuschl.
Further, the researchers believe that these compounds could serve as practical laboratory tools.
New way to manipulate immune cells may treat cancer, autoimmune disease
Immune checkpoints could be key to treating autoimmune disease myasthenia gravis
Could pomegranates offer the key to new IBD treatments?
Study: HIV infections in US could be reduced by up to 67 percent by 2030
autoimmunebecompoundscoulddisordersnewtotreatused
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'Heroes: Reborn' Will Not Be Making A Comeback After Final Episode | TV News
14 Jan 2016 — Filed Under: TV, TV News
NBC Entertainment chairman Robert Greenblatt has revealed that the network has no intention of renewing the 13 part mini-series Heroes: Reborn after the final episode airs on January 21. This was apparently "…always the plan" Greenblatt told reporters, adding that "as far as I know, there are no more incarnations of Heroes coming".
The decision seems to have been bolstered by negative reviews and dwindling ratings since it was first aired in September of 2015, and will be the show's second cancellation since the original was cancelled after four seasons back in 2010. That being said, for fans of the show there could still be hope, as Greenblatt went on to say that he felt that the series could be "rebooted, relaunched and recast as a franchise more than just an ongoing saga with the same characters".
#Peace.Love.Heroes
Derin Owodunni
Soon to be Visual Effects & Motion Graphics graduate, with a love for books, film title sequences and old school practical effects, looking to find my place in the world. https://vimeo.com/user32976539
Latest posts by Derin Owodunni (see all)
'Game Of Thrones' Pilot Was A "Massive Problem" Says Series Creators | TV News - February 5, 2016
Dan Stevens Cast As Lead In FX's X-Men 'Legion' Spinoff | TV News - February 5, 2016
Megan Fox Stands In For Zooey Deschanel In Latest 'New Girl' TV Spot | TV News - February 5, 2016


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Britain says EU no more in historic referendum
June 27, 2016 by DDiz
In a surprising and historic move, Britain has voted to leave the European Union. It is important to note that this has been the decision of ordinary Brits and not by those Eurocrats whose leadership is unpopular across Europe. EU bureaucrats be warned: if Britain who's not as affected by the so-called peripheral countries can do it, all the more by those countries that are at the mercy of severe austerity and left to guess what Brussels is up to next.
For the uninformed, how important was this decision? Remember that the European Union project has its roots in the post-World War II economic integration, with the goal of avoiding conflict in Europe. The EU project has fulfilled this purpose quite decently in the past 60 years. It has allowed the free movement of people within the Eurozone, created a common currency (not joined by Britain), established preferential trade among member states, and most importantly the preservation of peace in the continent.
But as the unelected predatory capitalists leaders in Brussels became increasingly more focused on unnecessary bureaucracy and squeezed the life out of ordinary Eurozone citizens as banks "too big to fail" have received privileges despite their enormous failures, the Brits in this Brexit referendum clearly confirmed they have had enough.
To be fair with the British people, they have been half-footed in the EU from the beginning. Perhaps the most obvious indication is their separate currency from the Euro, as well as its non-observance of the Schengen Agreement, which allows the free movement of EU nationals without the usual hassle of traveling to other countries.
The decision to leave the EU will be not be smooth for sure. The initial euphoria the referendum created will have to come to terms with the consequences of opposing the Remain vote. Already, for instance, the conservative party in Britain has hinted it will invoke Article 50 where Britain will be faced with years of 'proper exits' through possibly endless renegotiations.
Elsewhere in Europe, German Chancellor Angela Merkel called the Brexit referendum "a break in Europe's history" and that it reflects "a fundamental doubt about the current direction of European integration."
Some British mainstream media have already propagandized a few interesting points in the Brexit referendum. For instance, some news outlets have already downplayed the public's decision as uninformed with headlines like "Brits frantically searched what the EU means hours after voting out of the EU" and that the "EU will treat Britain like Greece." Such fear mongering should not be surprising as before the referendum London's mouthpiece media have already done their part to dissuade the British public from bailing out of the EU.
And of course, Mr. David Cameron, the British Prime Minister, has already intensified the drama when he resigned the next day. In a visibly emotional speech, Cameron stated that "I was absolutely clear about my belief that Britain is stronger, safe and better off inside the EU… (But) the British people made a different decision to take a different path. As such I think the country requires fresh leadership to take it in this direction." Indeed, the man who proclaimed "Assad must go" became the man who would go first.
Posted in Economy, Geopolitics.	Tagged angela merkel, article 50, brexit, brussels, david cameron, Eu, european commission, eurozone, schengen, tory


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Q: Javascript RegEx extract all words as single matches but not numbers from a string How do I extract each single word, but not the number, from this string in Javascript RegEx?
"10443 Sometown Somesuburb"
I don't want the number but want "Sometown" and "Somsuburb" as separate matches.

A: You can use this regex for your task:
/\b[a-zA-Z]+\b/g

to get only words containing letters for match function.

A: Try the following
var newStr = "10443 Sometown Somesuburb".replace(/\d+\s*/g, "");

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This is the field where one of the main Brexit battles will be fought, with the Remain army's war cry, "a Leap in the Dark", ringing in our ears. But economics is not a science. Changes within the system have second-order effects (and higher) and these will have unforeseen consequences that may swamp the expected ones. When Britain left the ERM in 1992 sterling fell as was expected (by 15%) but the Government could now take action – such as cutting interest rates. The pound recovered and the economy prospered. Some experts (economists, politicians and businessmen) who predicted misery if Britain were excluded from the Euro now predict much the same if we leave the EU; earlier failure does not deter them from making such judgements.
Evan Esar (America's answer to Oscar Wilde) said, "An economist is an expert who will know tomorrow why the things he predicted yesterday didn't happen today." Looking back things (sometimes) become clearer.
Economics, as a discipline, does not have the advantages of other sciences, such as being able to conduct controlled experiments. Economists study a very complex space and, like meteorologists, can't really predict the future beyond the near term. Theory and experience reveal patterns but the system overall is so complex that forecasts are unreliable. And yet leaders of the EU/EMU believe that they can not only predict but also control the future, if only the rest of us would behave according to their rules.
A sound purpose for economic and monetary union would be to support the successful functioning of the economic and commercial activities of the citizens of the EU. The varied and competitive nature of these activities will ensure that things are never smooth and closer coordination of policies will not be able to iron out what is intrinsically bumpy. As a result, economic policies have become an end in themselves, requiring masses of unwanted regulations to grind down every perceived bump into a uniform dust.
Within the EU Germany is easily our largest trading partner. The USA is larger than any of the others (though Ireland ranks high for its size). If we insist on aggregates then EU trade is less than RoW (Rest of the World), and shrinking fast in proportion. We have a trade surplus with RoW but a huge deficit with the EU whose policies do not favour Britain's strengths, primarily in services. UK trade is the least integrated of EU nations, where intra-EU trade exceeds extra-EU trade by 2:1 on average (References *4).
Suppose France attempted to rally the EU in a trade war against Britain (pour encourager les autres), then Germany would block it or lose overseas markets for a million cars a year; if France succeeded we would buy more wine from Australia and South America. Eurostat (the EU's statistics branch) recently reported that the UK is the least economically integrated in the EU of any member state, with less than half the proportion of its exports going within the Union. UK exports to the EU have dropped at an astonishing rate, from 55% to 44% in 15 years. Meanwhile the 28 EU countries' share of world GDP has fallen precipitously, almost halving from over 30% in 1980 to around 17% in 2015; the US share is now bigger and China is about equal already.
There is a world of opportunities and in this real world experiments can be conducted, and failures closed down and learnt from. It remains a good question whether our elected leaders are competent and enthusiastic to navigate the world rather than sulk grumpily in the face of their growing irrelevance. However, national leaders in democracies are accountable to their electorates and can be got rid of if they don't perform. This is not true of the 'experts' who demand that we hand over our economies to their control and who wish to convince us that, if we all conform to the same economic model, growth, full employment and stability will follow.
truly single or else the impulses from monetary policy decisions … will not be transmitted uniformly across its Member States … This will require further measures … to address the still significant margin for discretion at national level … The euro is a successful and stable currency … It has … shielded them against external instability", "… the integrity of the euro area as a whole has been preserved".
Economically Britain is drifting away from Europe. The Remain army's munitions include many blanks. Trade and the economy are not the biggest issues for the Referendum.


I am pleased to announce a new way to get the latest legal news and notes on government contracting issues. Today, Koprince Law LLC has launched a YouTube channel, where we will regularly post new videos on important and interesting government contracting issues.
You don't need to have a lot of extra time on your hands: our typical video update is around five minutes long and covers a single topic. We will occasionally post lengthier "seminar-style" overviews of key topics, as well.
So what are you waiting for? If you're ready for more government contracts news (or you just want to check out my spiffy Kansas Jayhawks tie), head on over to the Koprince Law LLC YouTube channel, and be sure to check back every week for new videos.
If you are a regular SmallGovCon reader, you might notice a few small changes on our blog–those dealing with our contact information. I am pleased to announce the formation of Koprince Law LLC, which officially opens its doors for business on Monday, March 30, 2015. At Koprince Law, we will focus our practice exclusively on providing comprehensive legal solutions to federal government contractors.
Some longtime readers have asked whether SmallGovCon is moving with me to Koprince Law. Yes! We will continue to regularly update readers on government contracting news and notes right here at www.smallgovcon.com. My SmallGovCon co-author, Amanda Wilwert, will join me at Koprince Law and will continue to blog regularly, as well.
My new email address is skoprince@koprince.com and telephone number is (785) 200-8919. Please feel free to write or call if you have any questions about Koprince Law. And as always, thank you for reading.