This is a concise book which contains forty authentic ahadith from the fine sayings of the Chosen Prophet (sallallahu 'alayhi wa sallam) which I gathered as a reminder for myself and my brothers. They contain guidance for cultivation of souls, purification of the hearts and refinement of character. I myself have added nothing except a few words to explain and clarify anything unclear, to provide chapter headings showing the connection between the ahadith, and further brief notes.
It will not be unknown to any of the people that the noble Religion of Islam has given great importance, and directed full attention in many of the texts of the Book and the Sunnah, to building the personality of the Muslim and directing it in accordance with the essential teachings of Islam and its fundamentals and requirements.
"For every action there is a period of enthusiasm / activity, and for every period of enthusiasm / activity there is a period of rest / inactivity. So he whose period of rest / inactivity is in accordance with my Sunnah then he is rightly guided, but he whose period of rest / inactivity accords with other than this, then he is destroyed."
"They were youths, yet mature youths, their eyes fresh and free of evil, their feet refrained from approaching falsehood and futility. They sacrificed and expended themselves in worship and in withholding themselves from sleep. They sold their souls which were to pass away for souls which would never die. Allah saw them in the latter part of the night, bending their backs, reciting the Qur'an. Whenever one of them came to an Ayah mentioning Paradise, he would weep, longing for it. Whenever he came upon an Ayah mentioning the fire he would groan out of fear, as if the Hellfire were directly in front of him. The earth devoured their knees their hands and their foreheads. They joined exhaustion in the night with exhaustion in the day. Their colour becoming yellowed and their bodies emaciated through standing long in prayer and frequent fasting – whilst they regarded their own actions to be negligible before Allah. They fulfilled their covenant with Allah and attained Allah's promise."
"We are not in comparison to those who came before except like small herbs growing beside the trunks of tall palm trees."
"Do not mention us whilst mentioning them, the fit and healthy when he walks is not like the crippled."
"O you who believe! Enter into Islam perfectly (completely)."
I have strived to mention the source references for each hadith along with a statement about its authenticity, as demanded by the science of hadith whilst avoiding unnecessarily going into great length or falling short of what is necessary. So I tried to be as brief as is fitting for a book of this size, and only rarely speaking at more length when it was essential.
So if Allah guides me to and grants me that which is correct in what I intended then that is from the completeness of His blessings, but if the result is otherwise and I hope it is not the case, then I ask Allah for His forgiveness and His Mercy. Indeed He is the One who hears and responds, and our final call is that all praise and thanks are for Allah, Lord of all the Worlds.
"Actions are but by intentions and there is for every person only that which he intended. So he whose migration was for Allah and His Messenger, then his migration was for Allah and His Messenger, and he whose migration was to attain some worldly goal or to take a woman in marriage, then his migration was for that which he migrated."
So this hadith is one of the ahadith which are the pillars of correct understanding of our upright and true religion.
"I have been sent before the Hour so that Allah alone should be worshipped without any partner for Him, and my provision has been placed beneath the shade of my spear, and subservience and humiliation have been placed upon those who disobey my orders, and whoever imitates a people then he is one of them."
The Muslim has a distinct personality with it's own special nature and particular outlook and manner. It is distinct in its appearance, its nature, its creed ('aqidah), its orientation and direction faced in Prayer, and in all its affairs.
"Love the one whom you love to a certain degree (moderately), perhaps one day he will be someone for whom you have hatred, and hate the one for whom you have hatred to a certain degree (moderately), perhaps one day he will be one whom you love."
The Muslim is justly balanced in his loving and his hating. He is just both when giving and when taking and is moderate in all of that. His being justly balanced is one of the signs of his Religion and the Shari'ah. So he is not one who goes beyond the limits, nor one who falls short of what is required. Furthermore the Muslim does not derive this quality of being justly balanced from his intellect and desires, nor from his own opinion or other than this, rather he takes it from the Book of Allah, the One free of all imperfections.
"Thus we have made you a justly balanced nation, that you be witnesses over mankind and the Messenger be a witness over you."
A man asked 'Abdullah ibn 'Amr ibn al-'As, saying: Which of the Believers is best in his Islam? He replied: "He from whose tongue and hand the Muslims are safe." He asked: Then what is the best Jihad? He replied: "He who strives against his own self and desires for Allah." He asked: Then which of those who migrates (performs hijrah) is best? He replied: "He who strives against his own self and desires for Allah." He asked: Is it something you have said O 'Abdullah ibn 'Amr, or Allah's Messenger (sallallahu 'alayhi wa sallam)? He said: "Rather Allah's Messenger (sallallahu 'alayhi wa sallam) said it."
"As for those who strive hard in Us (Our Cause), We will surely guide them to Our Paths (i.e. Allah's Religion)."
"Indeed Allah is gentle and loves gentleness, and gives due to gentleness that which He does not give to harshness."
"There is no believing servant except that he has a sin which he commits from time to time, or a sin in which he persists in and does not abandon until he leaves this world. Indeed the Believer was created as one who is frequently tried and tested, who often repents (then) forgets. When he is admonished he accepts the admonition."
"Each of you is a guardian and is responsible for those whom he is in charge of. So the ruler is a guardian and is responsible for his subjects; a man is the guardian of his family and is responsible for those under his care; a woman is a guardian of her husband's home and is responsible for those under her care; a servant is the guardian of his master's wealth and is responsible for that which he is entrusted with; and a man is the guardian of his father's wealth and is responsible fore what is under his care. So each one of you is a guardian and is responsible for what he is entrusted with."
" … and there is no one who loves to accept an excuse more than Allah, and because of this he sent the bringers of good news and the warners ... "
"There is to be no envy except with regard to two [See Fath al-Bari (1/167)]: A man whom Allah has given wealth which he strives to spend righteously, and a man to whom Allah has given the Wisdom (i.e. the Qur'an) and he acts according to it and teaches it to others."
If he were to have envy of the people he would hope for their downfall in order to satisfy the pride that he has in himself, his vanity and the conceitedness of his mind. So he (the Muslim) knows that envy is a dangerous disease and a harmful evil and therefore keeps away from it.
"Ahead of you is a steep mountain which will not be surmounted by those who are overburdened." So I wish to lighten my load for that ascent!
So the Muslim follows and applies divine guidance in all his affairs. This world to him is merely a passage to the hereafter and he has no attachment to it except for that which is essential in order to meet his needs and preserve himself.
"There are two blessings which many people lose: health and free time."
"That which is lawful is clear, and that which is forbidden is clear, and between them are doubtful matters about which many of the people have no knowledge. So whoever avoids doubtful matters saves his Religion and his honour, and whoever falls into doubtful matters falls into what is forbidden. Just like a shepherd who grazes (his sheep) near to a private pasture (of another), he will soon stray on to it. Indeed for every king there is a private preserve. Indeed the preserve of Allah are those things which He has forbidden. Indeed there is a piece of flesh in the body which if it is good, then the whole body is good, but if it is corrupt then the whole body is corrupt. Indeed it is the heart."
To abstain from it: This is with regards to things which are not clearly permissible nor clearly forbidden.
If the last stance indicates something it is an indication of a Muslim's piety and fear of falling into that which is forbidden and of entering into something evil.
"Three things are the sign of the hypocrite: when he speaks he tells lies, when he promises he breaks it and when he is trusted he proves to be dishonest."
"Do not acquire knowledge in order to compete with the scholars, nor to argue with the ignorant, nor to gain mastery over the gatherings. Since whoever does that, then: The Fire! The Fire!"
Consider, may Allah have mercy on you, the admonition and the lesson contained in what Ibn Abi Haatim ar-Razi narrates, he said: I entered into Damascus upon the students of hadith and I passed by the circle of Qasim al-Ju'i. I found a group sitting around him and he was speaking. Their appearance amazed me and I heard him saying: "Seize the benefit of five things from the people of your time: when you are present you are not known; when you are absent you are not missed; when you are seen your advice is not sought; when you say something your saying is not accepted; and when you have some knowledge you are not given anything for it. I also advise you with five things: when you are treated unjustly then do not behave unjustly; when you are praised then do not become happy; when you are criticised do not be upset; when you are not believed then do not become angry; and if they act deceitfully towards you do not act deceitfully towards them." Ibn Abi Hatim said: So I took that as my benefit from Damascus.
"The believer is a mirror for the believer, and the believer is the brother of the believer. He safeguards his property for him and defends him from behind."
Reported by Al-Bukhari in Al-Adab al-Mufrad (no. 239), Abu Dawud (Eng. Trans. 3/1370/no. 4900) and others. Its chain of narration is hasan.
"Indeed my Lord ordered me to teach you that which you do not know, from that which He taught me this day, (instructing me): 'The wealth which I confer upon a servant is all lawful for him, and I created all My servants having natural inclination to the true way but the devils came to them and turned them away from their (true) Religion, and they forbade for them that which I made lawful for them, and they ordered them to associate in worship with Me that for which I sent down no authority.' Allah looked upon the people of the earth and hated them, the Arabs and the non-Arabs, except for some remnants of the People of the Book, and He said: 'I sent you only to put you to the test and to tests others through you, and I sent down to you a Book which cannot be washed away by water, which you will retain and recite whilst asleep and whilst awake.' Allah ordered me to destroy the Quraysh so I said: 'O my Lord they would break my head just as bread is broken.' So He said: 'Turn them out just as they turned you out, and fight them and We shall aid you, and spend and We shall provide for you. Send an army and We will send five more like it. Fight along with those who disobey you. The people of paradise are three: The ruler who is just, who spends in charity and is guided to do good; and a man who is merciful and kind hearted towards every relative and Muslim; and the chaste one who does not beg despite having a family to support. The people of the fire are five: The weak who does not have the will to avoid evil, those amongst you who are merely followers (of others), they do not seek after family or wealth; and the dishonest whose greed cannot be concealed even in the case of minor things; and a man who will betray you morning and evening with regard to your family and your wealth (He also mentioned miserliness or telling lies) and the person of evil manners and foul speech.' "
"Satan has despaired that those who pray should worship him, but he seeks to provoke animosity between them."
See hadith number 39 - Being Cautious to Avoid Animosity and Dissention.
So let this be a warning for us, and its opposite be glad tidings. We must not leave any way for Satan to enter upon our hearts through our actions, granting him neither full nor partial access. Indeed his deceptions are many and his traps abundant.
"Supplication (ad-Du'a) is worship, your Lord the Mighty and Majestic said: 'Call upon Me – I will respond to your invocation.' "
Supplication is the head of remembrance of Allah. Indeed he (sallallahu 'alayhi wa sallam) said: " … and I order you to make mention to Allah much, and the like of that is a man being chased by the enemy who are hastening after him until he comes to a protected fortress and so he protects himself in it. Likewise is the servant, for he does not protect himself from Satan except through remembrance of Allah, the Mighty and Majestic."
"Whoever intercedes and prevents one of the punishments prescribed by Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, then he has opposed Allah regarding His orders. Whoever dies with a debt due on him then it will not be repaid by dinar and dirham but rather by good and bad deeds. Whoever disputes for something which he knows is false then he remains in Allah's anger until he desists. Whoever accuses a believer of something that is untrue then Allah will make him dwell in the pus flowing from the inhabitants of the Fire and he will not leaver until he retracts from what he said."
"From the perfection of a person's Islam is that he leaves alone that which does not concern him."
"Whoever loves for Allah and hates for Allah, gives for Allah and withholds for Allah, then he has completed iman."
"The example of the believer with regards to eeman is like the example of a horse with regards to its tethering stake; it roams around and then returns to its tethering stake, and the believer is negligent and then he turns to his eeman. So feed the pious with your food and treat the believers well."
So he does not persist upon sin, or treat it lightly. Rather like the rest of the children of Adam he commits many sins. However he is frequent in turning back in repentance to his Lord.
"Two characteristics are not found together in a hypocrite: good manners and understanding of the Religion."
"Yes except that I do not say except what is true."
"Abu Bakr met me and asked: How are you O Hanzalah? I Replied: Hanzalah is guilty of hypocrisy! He said: Free is Allah and far removed from all defects! What are you saying? I said: When we are with Allah's Messenger (sallallahu 'alayhi wa sallam) and he reminds us of the Fire and Paradise it is as if we were seeing it with our own eyes. Then when we depart from Allah's Messenger (sallallahu 'alayhi wa sallam) and attend our wives, our children and our business, then much of this slips from our mind. Abu Bakr said: By Allah we also experience the same. So I went with Abu Bakr until we entered upon Allah's Messenger (sallallahu 'alayhi wa sallam). I said: Hanzalah is guilty of hypocrisy O Messenger of Allah (sallallahu 'alayhi wa sallam). So Allah's Messenger (sallallahu 'alayhi wa sallam) said: And how is that? I said When we are with you, you remind us of the Fire and of Paradise and it is as if we are seeing it with our own eyes. Then when we depart from you and attend our wives, our children and our business then much of this slips from our minds. So Allah's Messenger (sallallahu 'alayhi wa sallam) said: 'By Him in whose hand is my soul if you remained continually as you are when you are with me and in remembering (Allah) then the angels would shake hands with you upon your beds and upon your roads. But O Hanzalah, (there is) a time for this and a time for that, (there is) a time for this and a time for that, (there is) a time for this and a time for that.' "
So both of these times are regulated by the orders of Allah, as has preceded. His time for serious matters is regulated according to the Book and the Sunnah, and his jesting is kept free of anything forbidden and accompanied only by that which Allah has prescribed.
"Beware of sins which are treated as being minor, just like a people who encamp in the centre of a valley, so someone brings a stick of firewood and someone else brings a stick until they are therefore able to bake their bread. Likewise sins which are treated as being minor and for which the person is taken to account will destroy him."
So it is just as the noble companion 'Abdullah ibn Mas'ud said: "The believer sees his sins as if he were sitting beneath a mountain which he feared was about to fall upon him, whereas the wicked sees his sins like a man who finds a fly settle upon his nose, so he does this (one of the narrators said: He brushes it away from his nose)."
The Muslim should realise the greatness of hid Lord, the One free and far from all imperfections, and His tremendous Power and Might, and he should not think of the sin as being great or small! Rather he should think of it with regard to the One he is disobeying.
Those sins which are ignored by the weak hearted cause their destruction by removing eeman and fear of Allah from their hearts.
"Beware of committing oppression for on the Day of Resurrection oppression will be darkness, and beware of avarice for avarice destroyed those who came before you, it led them into shedding blood and into making lawful that which was forbidden for them."
Oppression is of two types: (i) A person oppressing his own soul and (ii) his oppressing others. Both of these have been forbidden by Allah, the One free and far from all imperfections. So a person oppressing his own soul causes him to feel at home with his sins and to commit them, and causes him to abandon acts of obedience to Allah.
"Conveying the words of some people to others in order to create mischief between them."
Tale-carrying is a foul disease; when it enters the heart it corrupts it, and when the heart is corrupt the rest of the body becomes corrupt and ones actions are destroyed.
"Jibril came to me and said: O Muhammad! Live as you will for you must certainly die; love whom you will since you must certainly leave him; act as you will since you shall certainly be given due reward for it; know that the believers eminence is his standing in prayer during the night, and his honour is having sufficiency without dependency upon the people."
Reported by Al-Hakim (4/324) and others.
The person who lives attached to this world is poor with regard to his Religion and intellect, he does not realise that this worlds, for the one having no Religion is the road to degradation, the path to corruption and the key to evil and foul deeds. Whereas the Muslim who is sincere to his Lord and his own soul and with his brothers should be an excellent example to those who thirst after this world and the few dirham and dinar.
The Companions of Allah's Messenger (sallallahu 'alayhi wa sallam) mentioned this world one day in his presence, so Allah's Messenger (sallallahu 'alayhi wa sallam) said: "Will you not listen, will you not listen! Wearing old clothes is part if iman, wearing old clothes is part of iman!"
Zuhd (abstemiousness) is to have little regard for this world, to manifest ones poverty and need before Allah, to treat the servants of Allah kindly and gently, to avoid spending lavishly upon clothing, food and drink, and to avoid fame.
"Keep away from that which does not bring benefit, either because it contains no benefit at all, or because something other than it is more beneficial, so that by doing the first he would be missing greater benefit, or because it will produce something whose harm will grow to outweigh its benefit. But as regards things which are purely beneficial or predominantly, then avoidance of them is stupidity."
"Charity (sadaqah) is due upon every joint of a person on every day that the sun rises. Administering justice between two people is an act of charity; and to help a man concerning his riding beast by helping him on to it or lifting his luggage on to it is an act of charity; a good word is charity; and every step which you take to prayer is charity; and removing that which is harmful from the road is charity."
So if the servant is able to spend all his days and nights in obedience to Allah, and in doing actions pleasing to Him, then let him do so!
"Richness is not having many belongings, but richness is the richness of the soul (contentment)."
"Two hungry wolves let loose amongst sheep will not cause more harm to them than a persons craving after wealth and status will do to his Religion."
So flee, May Allah have mercy upon you, from this mad craving after this world and its finery, and there is no salvation from that which has been destined for a person.
"Give permission to him and what a bad son of his people (or: what a bad man of his people)." Then when he entered he spoke politely to him. 'A'ishah said: So I said: O Messenger of Allah, you said about him what you said and then you spoke politely to him? He said: "O 'A'ishah the worst people in station before Allah on the Day of Resurrection are those whom the people desert, or abandon, in order to save themselves from their evil speech."
"A man went out to visit a brother of his in a different village, so Allah, the Most High, put an angel in wait for him in the road. So when the angel came to him he said: Where are you going? He said: I am going to visit a brother in this village. He said: Is it that you have done something for him for which you seek repayment? He said: No, it is just that I love him for Allah's sake. He said: Then I am one sent by Allah to you (to inform you) that Allah, the Mighty and Majestic, loves you, just as you have loved for His sake."
"There is nothing which is heavier upon the balance than the good character."
"There will come upon the people years of deceit in which the liar will be believed, the truthful disbelieved, the treacherous will be trusted and the trustworthy held to be treacherous, and the despicable (Ar-Ruwaybidah) will speak out." It was said: Who are the despicable ones (Ar-Ruwaybidah)? He said: "The lowly, ignoble man who speaks out about the public affairs."
Reported by Ahmad, Ibn Majah and others, with weak chain of narration.
"That a man said: By Allah, Allah will not forgive so and so. Whereas Allah, the Most High said: Who is it who swears by Me that I will not forgive so and so, for I have forgiven so and so, and have rendered your actions futile."
Allah's Messenger (sallallahu 'alayhi wa sallam) stood amongst us to deliver an address, and from his address was that he said: "Indeed it is about to occur that I will be called and will respond. Then after me will follow rulers over you who say what they have knowledge of, and act upon what they know. Obedience to them is obedience to me, and you remain like that for a time. Then there will follow rulers over you after them who say what they do not have knowledge of and act according to what they do not have knowledge of. So whoever is sincere to them and assists them, or strengthens them then they are destroyed and have caused destruction. Accompany them with your bodies and differ with them by your actions, and bear witness for the doer of good from them that he is a doer of good, and for the doer of evil that he is a doer of evil."
"Indeed Satan has despaired that those who pray should worship (him) in the Arabian peninsular, however (he seeks) to provoke animosity between them."
So perhaps a word which one does not realise allows to escape from his tongue and it falls upon one of the servants of Allah, or a mistake he makes, perhaps this will cause a great fire to blaze in the hearts of the brothers.
"How will you be when you are covered by a trial in which the young grow up and the old become infirm. If anything of it is abandoned it is said: The Sunnah has been abandoned." It was said: When will that occur, O Abu Abdur Rahman? He said: "When your scholars pass away, and those ignorant amongst you become many; when those who recite amongst you are many, but those who have understanding of the religion are few; when your leaders are many, but those who are trustworthy are few; when this world is sought with actions of the Hereafter; and when knowledge is sought for other than the Religion."
So the means of escape is to follow the example provided for us! Indeed obeying and following Allah's Messenger (sallallahu 'alayhi wa sallam) is the greatest escape from the trials which envelop us.
So for Allah, for Allah, O servants of Allah, learn, and act, and fear Allah and obey Him that you may be shown mercy.
The Islamic Personality is a clear and distinct personality. Its fabric is the Book of Allah, and its thread is the Sunnah and these two are inseparable from it.
It is a sincere and determined personality educated and refined upon precise methodology which does not contain even the slightest deficiency, and how could it since it is the Religion of Allah, Lord of all the worlds?!
So what I have written is knowledge which is the path to action, a reminder which leads one to obey and follow, and advice which is essential for the attainment of benefit.
So I ask Allah to grant success to myself and all of the Muslims, and that He establishes us upon the way and methodology of His Prophet (sallallahu 'alayhi wa sallam). He is the best One to ask and the greatest One who responds, and our final call is all praise is for Allah, Lord of all the Worlds.


A milk processing co-operative plans to build a dairy processing facility in the region.
Foremost Farms USA is a farmer-owned milk processing and marketing co-operative with members in Wisconsin, Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, Iowa, Indiana and Ohio.
The co-operative is working with the Michigan Economic Development Corporation and other Michigan and Greenville entities to shape the plans for the site, which was most recently a potato field.
A representative for Foremost Farms said the cost of the project has not been determined, as negotiations are still underway with state and local officials.
The project is contingent on receiving state and local incentives and approvals, including a long-term wastewater-treatment solution.
Once it is given the green light, Foremost Farms expects the facility to be operational in 12 to 14 months.
It would receive up to 6-million pounds of raw milk for processing each day and would initially process milk solids for use in farmer-owned production facilities in the upper Midwest and for sales to customers and "strategic alliance" partners.
Phase one of the project would provide the base to start a dairy processing campus at the site. Phase two could potentially include "value-added production facilities" built in alliance with other companies.
Doyle said the project is another step forward in working with Foremost Farms' Michigan partners.
"It is our goal to continue to work with our strategic partners/alliances — like we have established in the region with Michigan Milk Producers Association (in) Constantine — to maximize dairy farmer investments, stabilize the regional milk market and add value for all producers in this market," Doyle said.
Headquartered in Baraboo, Wisconsin, Foremost Farms USA has about 1,400 dairy farmer members and annual sales of $1.5 billion.


Inspired by B-ball court style, these junior boys' pants have the same classic side-snap design that first made the Adibreak pants so iconic. They come in 100% recycled polyester fabric with contrast 3-Stripes down each side. Finished with a heritage Adibreak label on the leg. adidas is committed to creating products in more sustainable ways. These pants are made with recycled polyester to save resources and decrease emissions.


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Dr. John Carlyle MacWilliam was born in Parry Sound, Ontario on the 13th of June 1914. His parents were John MacWilliam and the former Sarah McLachlan. He had a brother named Douglas. His family moved to London, when he was a child and he was educated in local schools.
Dr. MacWilliam attended medical school at the University of Western Ontario in London. He graduated M.D. in 1939. Dr. MacWilliam interned at Private Patients Pavilion, Toronto General Hospital and St. Joseph's Hospital in London, Ontario. Dr. MacWilliam started began his medical practice in Chatham in 1941. Dr. MacWilliam is listed in the 1941 Shepherds City of Chatham Business Directory. At that time his office was located at 47 King Street.
He married Doris Truan, a registered nurse who had graduated from the Public General Hospital School of Nursing in 1942. Mrs. MacWilliam was born in Wallaceburg on the 21st of February, 1921 the daughter of James Truan and the former Pearl Innis. She had an older brother named Donald and a sister named Jean.
Dr. and Mrs. MacWilliam were the parents of two daughters, Elizabeth and Heather.
Dr. MacWilliam was the Medical Director of Thamesview Lodge, District Medical Officer for the C.N.R., Medical Doctor for the Kent County Jail and served as the President of the Kent County Medical Society on 1961. In 1944, his medical office was located at 44 Third Street in Chatham.
He retired after practicing medicine for over 45 years. Dr. MacWilliam enjoyed golfing and boating.
Mrs. MacWilliam died on the 23rd of February, 1999. Dr. MacWilliam died on the 9th of December, 2006 at the age of 92 in London, Ontario. Dr. and Mrs. MacWilliam are both buried at the Maple Leaf Cemetery in Chatham.
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Current Affairs for UPSC IAS Exam – 23 June 2021
Home » Current Affairs for UPSC IAS Exam – 23 June 2021
CA June 2021
Integrated power development scheme
China cracking down on cryptocurrencies
At UNHRC, grave concerns raised over Xinjiang
Suicide worldwide in 2019 report
As part of the 'Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav', a 50 kWp Solar roof top was inaugurated in Solan, Himachal Pradesh under the Integrated power development scheme of Ministry of Power, Government of India.
GS-III: Industry and Infrastructure (Energy Sources and Infrastructure, Government Schemes and Initiatives)
Integrated Power Development Scheme (IPDS)
Government efforts towards solar power.
Similar Government Schemes
Way Forward for India's Clean Energy?
Ministry of Power, Government of India notified "Integrated Power Development Scheme" (IPDS) in 2014.
The scheme will help in reduction in AT&C losses; establishment of IT enabled energy accounting / auditing system, improvement in billed energy based on metered consumption and improvement in collection efficiency.
The Objectives of IPDS are:
24×7 Power supplies for consumers.
Reduction of AT&C (aggregate technical and commercial) losses.
Providing access to power to all households.
All Power Distribution Companies (Discoms) are eligible for financial assistance under the scheme.
Components of the IPDS Scheme are:
Strengthening of sub-transmission and distribution networks in the urban areas.
Metering of distribution transformers / feeders / consumers in the urban areas.
IT enablement of distribution sector and strengthening of distribution network under R-APDRP for 12th and 13th Plans by carrying forward the approved outlay for R-APDRP to IPDS.
Schemes for Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) and IT enablement of balance urban towns are also included under IPDS. Scope of IT enablement has been extended to all 4041 towns as per Census 2011.
Underground cabling to include additional demand of States and smart metering solution for performing UDAY States and Solar panels on Govt. buildings with net-metering are also permissible under the scheme.
India expanded its solar generation capacity 8 times from 2,650 MW in May, 2014 to over 20 GW in January, 2018, and 28.18 GW in March, 2019.
The government had an initial target of 20 GW of solar capacity by 2022, which was achieved 4 years ahead of schedule.
In 2015, according to Paris climate deal, India agreed to the target of 100 GW of solar capacity by 2022.
Achievements so far in terms of Clean Energy
Solar tariffs in India have reduced from Rs. 7.36/kWh in FY15 to Rs. 2.63/kWh in FY20.
As of December 2020, over 36.69 crore LED bulbs, 1.14 crore LED tube lights and 23 lakh energy-efficient fans have been distributed across the country, saving 47.65 billion kWh per year.
In the first half of November 2020, India's power consumption increased 7.8% to 50.15 billion units (BU), indicating an improvement in economic activity.
Energy generation from thermal sources stood at 472.90 billion units (BU) in April-September 2020.
India's rank jumped to 22 in 2019 from 137 in 2014 on World Bank's Ease of doing business – "Getting Electricity" ranking.
As of 28th April, 2018, 100% village electrification was achieved under DDUGJY.
Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana (Saubhagya): To ensure electrification of all willing households in the country in rural as well as urban areas.
Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana (DDUGJY): The rural electrification scheme provides for (a) separation of agriculture and non-agriculture feeders; (b) strengthening and augmentation of sub-transmission and distribution infrastructure in rural areas including metering at distribution transformers, feeders and consumers end.
GARV (Grameen Vidyutikaran) App: To monitor transparency in implementation of the electrification schemes, Grameen Vidyut Abhiyanta (GVAs) have been appointed by the government to report progress through the GARV app.
Ujwal Discom Assurance Yojana (UDAY): For operational and financial turnaround of Discoms.
'4 Es' in the Revised Tariff Policy: The 4Es include Electricity for all, Efficiency to ensure affordable tariffs, Environment for a sustainable future, Ease of doing business to attract investments and ensure financial viability.
Clean energy will be a major driver of India's economic recovery and international competitiveness, and working to leverage India's domestic innovation ecosystem will bring value to the country and industry.
Four principles can be considered as a framework for policymakers and other key decision-makers considering programmes to support India's clean energy future
Invest in least-cost-energy solutions,
Support resilient and secure energy systems,
Prioritize efficiency and competitiveness, and
Promote social and environmental equity.
India needs to identify strategic opportunities for economic recovery in the short, medium, and long terms that can translate challenges posed by the pandemic into clean energy transition opportunities.
-Source: PIB
China has broadened a crackdown on its massive cryptocurrency mining industry with a ban on mines in a key southwestern province.
Values of prominent cryptocurrencies are crashing and China's crackdown against crypto-currencies, which are those that aren't sanctioned by a centralised authority and are secured by cryptography, is said to have a lot to do with the crashing of the value of crypto-currencies.
GS-III: Science and Technology (Blockchain technology), GS-II: International Relations
Understanding "Mining" of bitcoin
What has China done in the "Crackdown on Cryptocurrencies"?
Why is China doing this?
Click here to learn what are cryptocurrencies?
Bitcoin mining is the process of creating new bitcoin by solving a computational puzzle.
Bitcoin mining is necessary to maintain the ledger of transactions upon which bitcoin is based.
In purpose, Bitcoin miners play a similar role to gold miners; they bring new Bitcoins into circulation.
They get these as a reward for validating transactions, which require the successful computation of a mathematical puzzle. And these computations have become ever-increasingly complex, and therefore energy-intensive in recent years.
The result of bitcoin mining is twofold. First, when computers solve these complex math problems on the bitcoin network, they produce new bitcoin (not unlike when a mining operation extracts gold from the ground). And second, by solving computational math problems, bitcoin miners make the bitcoin payment network trustworthy and secure by verifying its transaction information.
In June 2021, China has reportedly cracked down on crypto mining operations. The country has over the years accounted for a large percentage of the total crypto mining activity that takes place.
Access to cheap electricity has made mining lucrative in China and China accounted for nearly two-thirds of the total computational power in 2020.
Now, provincial governments one by one have acted against these mining operations. The latest to do so is Sichuan, which was a hydroelectric-based crypto mining hub.
A few days back, the People's Bank of China directed banks and payment firms to put a stop to crypto-currency trading.
The fact that cryptocurrencies bypass official institutions has been a reason for unease in many governments.
The anonymity that it offers aids in the flourishing of dark trades online.
While many countries have opted to regulate the world of crypto-currencies, China has taken the strictest of measures over the years. According to observers, the latest set of measures are to strengthen its monetary hold and also project its new official digital currency.
China first imposed restrictions on cryptocurrencies way back in 2013 and then it then barred financial institutions from handling Bitcoin.
In 2017, China barred what are called initial coin offerings, under which firms raise money by selling their own new cryptocurrencies. This is largely an unregulated market.
An inter-ministerial committee report in India two years ago, in fact, noted that in 2017 the government of China also banned trading between RMB (China's currency renminbi) and crypto-currencies.
Click Here to read more – Recently in news: El Salvador makes bitcoin legal tender
More than 40 countries led by Canada voiced grave concerns at the UN Human Rights Council (UNHRC) about China's actions in Xinjiang, Hong Kong and Tibet — triggering a fierce backlash from Beijing.
GS-II: International Relations (Important International Institutions, India's Neighbors)
About United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC)
About the recent move in UNHRC against Chinese activities
Who are Uyghurs?
What are the accusations Levelled against China?
The United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) is a United Nations body whose mission is to promote and protect human rights around the world. The headquarters of the Council is in Geneva, Switzerland.
The Council has 47 members elected for staggered three-year terms on a regional group basis.
The Council investigates allegations of breaches of human rights in United Nations member states, and addresses thematic human rights issues such as freedom of association and assembly, freedom of expression, freedom of belief and religion, women's rights, LGBT rights, and the rights of racial and ethnic minorities.
The members of the United Nations General Assembly elect the members who occupy 47 seats of the United Nations Human Rights Council. The term of each seat is three years, and no member may occupy a seat for more than two consecutive terms.
The seats are distributed among the United Nations regional groups as follows: 13 for Africa, 13 for Asia, six for Eastern Europe, eight for Latin America and the Caribbean (GRULAC), and seven for the Western European and Others Group (WEOG).
The UNHRC holds regular sessions three times a year, in March, June, and September. The UNHRC can decide at any time to hold a special session to address human rights violations and emergencies, at the request of one-third of the member states.
Countries voiced concerns against China's actions in Xinjiang, Hong Kong and Tibet and this statement was backed by Australia, Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain and the U.S., among others.
It was said that credible reports indicate that over a million people have been arbitrarily detained in Xinjiang and that there is widespread surveillance disproportionately targeting Uighurs and members of other minorities and restrictions on fundamental freedoms and Uighur culture.
The statement cited reports of torture or cruel, inhumane and degrading treatment or punishment, forced sterilisation, sexual and gender-based violence, and forced separation of children from their parents.
Uyghurs are predominately Turkic-speaking Sunni Muslims who live primarily in the autonomous region of Xinjiang. Islam came to the region in the 10th century. Prior to Islam, the Uyghurs embraced Buddhism, Shamanism, and Manicheism.
Uyghurs embraced Islam in 934 during the Karahanid Kingdom. Kashgar, the capital of the Kingdom, quickly became one of the major learning centers of Islam.
Art, the sciences, music and literature flourished as Islamic religious institutions nurtured the pursuit of an advanced culture. In this period, hundreds of world-renowned Uyghur scholars emerged.
Uyghurs played an important role in cultural exchanges between the East and West and developed a unique culture and civilization of their own based on Islam.
China is accused of encouraging internal migration into the Xinjiang province to increase the non-Uyghur population and power in the region.
In recent years, there have been many reports of students, teachers, and civil servants have been forbidden from fasting during Ramadan, forbidden from wearing their traditional dress and even keeping a beard.
Uyghurs continue to be the only population in China consistently subjected to executions for political crimes, and these executions are often both summary and public. With the rise of China as the expected superpower of the 21st century, such repressive policies against the Uyghur Muslims are likely to get worse.
Click here to read more about Sinicization in Xinjiang, Taiwan etc.
Suicide worldwide in 2019 was published by the World Health Organization (WHO) recently.
GS-II: Social Justice (Health related issues, Government Schemes and Initiatives)
What is Suicide and what are suicide related laws in India?
Highlights of the Suicide worldwide in 2019 report
Suicides and SDG targets according to the report
Suicide is defined as death caused by self-directed injurious behavior with intent to die as a result of the behavior.
Laws in India
Section 309 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) states whoever attempts to commit suicide and does any act towards the commission of such offence, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year or with fine or both. It is to be noted that the abetting of the commission of suicide (but not the abetting of attempt to commit suicide) is covered under Section 306 IPC and the abetment of suicide of a child is covered under Section 305 IPC.
The Mental Healthcare Act 2017 provides that "Notwithstanding anything contained in section 309 of the IPC, any person who attempts to commit suicide shall be presumed, unless proved otherwise, to have severe stress and shall not be tried and punished under the said Code. However, this law applies only to those suffering from mental illness. There is presumption of severe stress in case of an attempt to die by suicide.
The Covid-19-pandemic has increased mental stress globally. However, a crisis was already in place in 2019 as more than 7 lakh people or one in a 100 in the world, died by suicide in 2019.
Many of those who died in suicide were young people as more than half of global suicides (58%) occurred before the age of 50 years.
Suicide was the fourth-leading cause of death among young people aged 15-29 globally in 2019.
More than 75% of global suicides in 2019 occurred in low- and middle-income countries.
Africa, Europe and South-East Asia recorded suicide rates higher than the global average.
In 20 years (2000-2019), the global suicide rate had decreased by 36%.
Suicides in India
India has the highest suicide rate in the Southeast Asian region.
A total of 1,34,516 cases of suicide were reported in 2018 in India, according to the National Crime Records Bureau.
While the rate of suicide was 9.9 in 2017, it increased to 10.2 in 2018.
Reducing the global suicide mortality rate by a third is both, an indicator and a target (the only one for mental health) in the United Nations-mandated Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). But the world will not be able to reach this target.
The SDGs call on countries to reduce premature mortality from non-communicable diseases by a third, by 2030 through prevention and treatment and to promote mental health and well-being.
They ask countries to strengthen the prevention and treatment of substance abuse, including narcotic drug abuse and harmful use of alcohol. They also call for universal health coverage, which mental health is part of.
Although some countries have placed suicide prevention high on their agendas, too many countries remain uncommitted, the report said. Currently, only 38 countries are known to have a national suicide prevention strategy.
Click Here to read more about Mental wellbeing and related Initiatives in India
-Source: Down to Earth Magazine
All India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE) 2020-2021


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She taught for over 15 years in Waldorf Education in early childhood, elementary, and high school. This is her second year teaching at Berkshire Christian School. At BCS Ms. Marks teaches: HS English/ Literature, Elementary Math, Elementary Sciences, HS Biology, and 2/3/4th grade History.


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Russian cosmonaut Anton Shkaplerov recently returned to earth from another space mission and chose Halkidiki in northern Greece for his rehabilitation process.
Russian cosmonaut Anton Shkaplerov and his family in Halkidiki. The photo was published on RIA Novosti.
Shkaplerov is the second Russian cosmonaut that chose Halkidiki to recover from his visit to space, after Yuri Malenchenko who had visited the area in 2017.
Thanasis Avgerinos, who coordinates the rehabilitation program of Russian cosmonauts, said that Halkidiki was not chosen by chance, as the climate, food and quality of water are considered ideal for rehabilitation after space missions.
Shkaplerov resided at the Porto Carras Grand Resort for 12 days along with his family and a group of 14 doctors, physiotherapists and associates.
His daily program included physiotherapy sessions and sports activities such as hiking, swimming and tennis.
Furthermore, he visited a number of locations in northern Greece and was particularly impressed by the combination of sea and lush forrests found in Halkidiki.
"We like this country. Everything resembles my homeland, Crimea…But the most important thing is people and their hospitality," Shkaplerov said in an interview to RIA Novosti, Russia's international news agency.
The agency published an extensive feature on Anton Shkaplerov and his visit to Greece.


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Home » Drug War Chronicle » Issue #739
Japan to Ban New Synthetic Drugs
by psmith, June 19, 2012, 03:10pm, (Issue #739)
Politics Outside US
Synthetic Cannabinoids
Synthetic Stimulants
The Japanese government will ban four new synthetic drugs in August, according to Japanese press reports. The four drugs are the synthetic cannabinoids JWH-018 and cannabicyclohexanol and the synthetic stimulants mephedrone and MDPV.
mephedrone among new synthetic drugs to be banned in Japan
The synthetic cannabinoids are commonly sold as incense and marketed in the US under brand names like Spice and K2. The synthetic stimulants are commonly sold as plant fertilizer and marketed under names such as Ivory Wave. The two types of synthetic drugs are commonly referred to as "fake pot" and "bath salts," respectively.
The compounds have been banned in the European Union, and numerous states in the US have also taken action to prohibit them. Legislation is pending in the US Congress to ban them as well, and both sets of drugs are currently banned federally under emergency DEA edicts.
The Japanese Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry will designate the four synthetic drugs as "narcotics" under the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law and is working on a blanket regulation that would allow it to impose the same designation on new drugs with slightly differing chemical compositions but that have similar effects to the banned substances.
Japanese health authorities have reported 114 cases of "health problems" associated with the use of the synthetic drugs, but there is no reporting on how many of those cases were associated with synthetic cannabinoids or how many were associated with synthetic stimulants. The adverse reactions to synthetic stimulants are more severe than those associated with synthetic cannabinoids. Authorities in Japan have also reported a number of cases of people injuring others while driving under the influence of the new synthetics.
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Natural Products (Pro)
Male Fern
Medically reviewed by Drugs.com. Last updated on Feb 20, 2020.
Scientific Name(s): Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott, Dryopteris marginalis (L)
Common Name(s): Aspidium, Bear's paw, Knotty brake, Male fern, Marginal fern, Shield fern, Worm fern
Clinical Overview
D. filix-mas has been used as a traditional vermifuge. Investigations into potential applications of related species, particularly Dryopteris crassirhizoma and Dracaena fragrans, report antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, but no clinical trials support these claims.
Clinical evidence does not support specific doses of male fern, and toxicities have been reported with traditional doses.
Male fern extract is potentially toxic.
Pregnancy/Lactation
Avoid use. Information regarding safety and efficacy in pregnancy and lactation is lacking.
None well documented. Traditional use of male fern extract combined with castor oil increases absorption of the extract, resulting in enhanced toxicity.
Adverse reactions associated with traditional doses have included headache, dyspnea, nausea, diarrhea, vertigo, tremors, convulsions, and cardiac and respiratory failure. Impaired vision and jaundice have also been reported.
Scientific Family
Polypodiaceae (wood fern)
D. filix-mas is a hardy, ornamental fern with semievergreen leaves that can grow up to 1 m in length. Stalks are scaly and pale brown and each leaf grows from the root base. Its rhizomes and frond bases are used medicinally. The plant grows throughout the United States in dry terrain, in rich woods, and on rocky slopes. Originally thought to be the male plant of Athyrium filix-femina (female fern), it was given the name "filix-mas."Franchi 1988, Khan 2009, Step 1905, USDA 2015
Male fern has been used in traditional medicine as a vermifuge ("worm fern"), with the early Greeks and Romans also recognizing the plant's value in destroying or expelling parasitic worms.Franchi 1988 In Chinese medicine, the extract has been used to treat wounds, recurrent nosebleeds, and heavy menstrual bleeding. The components of the plant have also been used as veterinary vermifuges. D. Filix-mas formerly listed in the United States Pharmacopeia (USP).Khan 2009
Major constituents of Dryopteris ferns include flavonoids and terpenoids.Cao 2013, Han 2015 Male fern contains approximately 6% to 15% of an oleoresin, which contains several chemical constituents including filicins (filicic/filixic acid, albaspidin, flavaspidic acid), aspidinol, alkanes, triterpene hydrocarbons, lignins, volatile oils, and resins.Franchi 1988, Khan 2009 Margaspidin, para-aspidin, phloraspin, and other constituents have also been described.Han 2015, Khan 2009
Uses and Pharmacology
Filicin and filmarone are active vermifuges, particularly toxic to tapeworms.Duke 2002, Khan 2009
An older clinical study examined the anthelmintic effects of male fern administered via intubation as compared with the effects of piperazine.Goodwin 1958 Another study examined male fern's anthelmintic properties using the plant's encapsulated extract in combination with a pretreatment of magnesium sulfate solution.Mello 1978
Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and chemotherapeutic properties of related fern species, particularly D. crassirhizoma and D. fragrans, have been investigated.Cao 2013, Gao 2015, Han 2015, Huang 2014, Jiang 2013, Kwon 2007, Lee 2008, Lu 2012, Magalhães 2010, Mazzio 2009, Sun 2013, Xie 2015, Zhang 2012, Zhao 2014
Clinical evidence does not support specific doses of male fern. Traditional dosage of the plant as an anthelmintic was 5 to 8 g oleoresin extract; however, adverse effects at this dosage have been documented.Duke 2002
Pregnancy / Lactation
None well documented. Traditional use of male fern extract combined with castor oil increases absorption of the extract, resulting in enhanced toxicity.Khan 2009
Therapeutic doses have been associated with adverse events,Duke 2002, Hargreaves 1966, Khan 2009 including headache, dyspnea, nausea, diarrhea, vertigo, tremors, convulsions, and cardiac and respiratory failure.Khan 2009 Impaired vision and jaundice have also been reported.Duke 2002, Hargreaves 1966
Male fern extract is potentially toxic,Duke 2002, Hargreaves 1966, Khan 2009 and references in the USP have been removed.Franchi 1988, Khan 2009 Some consumer websites reference a 1976 German report of penis enlargement in rats with the use of D. filix-mas extract, but the effect has not been explained or further elucidated.Kantemir 1976
Cao J, Xia X, Chen X, Xiao J, Wang Q. Characterization of flavonoids from Dryopteris erythrosora and evaluation of their antioxidant, anticancer and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activities. Food Chem Toxicol. 2013;51:242-250.2306359410.1016/j.fct.2012.09.039
Dryopteris filix-mas L. USDA, NRCS. 2015. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 18 December 2015). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA.
Duke J, Bogenschutz-Godwin M, duCellier J, Duke P. Handbook of Medicinal Herbs. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2002.
Franchi GG, Ferri S. Localization of the active principles of the male fern (Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott.) by fluorescence microscopy. Pharmacol Res Commun. 1988;20(suppl 5):135-138.3247342
Gao C, Guo N, Li N, et al. Investigation of antibacterial activity of aspidin BB against Propionibacterium acnes [published online November 23, 2015]. Arch Dermatol Res.2659657610.1007/s00403-015-1603-x
Goodwin LG, Standen OD. Piperazine and male fern in expulsion of tapeworms. Br Med J. 1958;1(5063):133-134.13489333
Han X, Li Z, Li CY, Jia WN, Wang HT, Wang CH. Phytochemical constituents and biological activities of plants from the genus Dryopteris. Chem Biodivers. 2015;12(8):1131-1162.2626556710.1002/cbdv.201400157
Hargreaves T. The effect of male fern extract on biliary secretion. Br J Pharmacol Chemother. 1966;26(1):34-40.5950680
Huang YH, Zeng WM, Li GY, et al. Characterization of a new sesquiterpene and antifungal activities of chemical constituents from Dryopteris fragrans (L.) Schott. Molecules. 2014;19(1):507-513.2445124610.3390/molecules19010507
Jiang B, Chi C, Fu YW, Zhang QZ, Wang GX. In vivo anthelmintic effect of flavonol rhamnosides from Dryopteris crassirhizoma against Dactylogyrus intermedius in goldfish (Carassius auratus). Parasitol Res. 2013;112(12):4097-4104.2401334210.1007/s00436-013-3600-3
Kantemir I, Akder G, Tulunay O. Preliminary report on an unexpected effect of an extract from Dryopteris filix mas (author's transl) [in German]. Arzneimittelforschung. 1976;26(2):261-262.947210
Khan IA, Abourashed EA. Leung's Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics. 3rd ed. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley; 2009.
Kwon DY, Kang OH, Choi JG, et al. Antibacterial effect of Dryopteris crassirhizoma against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Fitoterapia. 2007;78(6):430-433.17590531
Lee JS, Miyashiro H, Nakamura N, Hattori M. Two new triterpenes from the Rhizome of Dryopteris crassirhizoma, and inhibitory activities of its constituents on human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2008;56(5):711-714.18451564
Lu C, Zhang HY, Ji J, Wang GX. In vivo anthelmintic activity of Dryopteris crassirhizoma, Kochia scoparia, and Polygala tenuifolia against Dactylogyrus intermedius (Monogenea) in goldfish (Carassius auratus). Parasitol Res. 2012;110(3):1085-1090.2184238110.1007/s00436-011-2592-0
Magalhães LG, Kapadia GJ, da Silva Tonuci LR, et al. In vitro schistosomicidal effects of some phloroglucinol derivatives from Dryopteris species against Schistosoma mansoni adult worms. Parasitol Res. 2010;106(2):395-401.1989886910.1007/s00436-009-1674-8
Mazzio EA, Soliman KF. In vitro screening for the tumoricidal properties of international medicinal herbs. Phytother Res. 2009;23(3):385-398.1884425610.1002/ptr.2636
Mello EB, Vilela MP, Maugé GC, Malheiro DM. Oral treatment of human taeniasis by ethereal extract of male-fern (aspidium) preceded by the administration of hypertonic solution of magnesium sulphate. Zentralbl Bakteriol Orig A. 1978;241(3):384-387.569412
Step E. Wayside and Woodland Blossoms: A Pocket Guide to British Wild Flowers for the Country Rambler. London, England: Warne; 1905.
Sun Y, Mu F, Li C, et al. Aspidin BB, a phloroglucinol derivative, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human ovarian HO-8910 cells. Chem Biol Interact. 2013;204(2):88-97.2362850810.1016/j.cbi.2013.04.008
Xie Y, Zheng Y, Dai X, Wang Q, Cao J, Xiao J. Seasonal dynamics of total flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of Dryopteris erythrosora. Food Chem. 2015;186:113-118.2597679910.1016/j.foodchem.2014.05.024
Zhang Y, Luo M, Zu Y, et al. Dryofragin, a phloroglucinol derivative, induces apoptosis in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells through ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway. Chem Biol Interact. 2012;199(2):129-136.2279632310.1016/j.cbi.2012.06.007
Zhao DD, Zhao QS, Liu L, et al. Compounds from Dryopteris fragrans (L.) Schott with cytotoxic activity. Molecules. 2014;19(3):3345-3355.2464703510.3390/molecules19033345
This information relates to an herbal, vitamin, mineral or other dietary supplement. This product has not been reviewed by the FDA to determine whether it is safe or effective and is not subject to the quality standards and safety information collection standards that are applicable to most prescription drugs. This information should not be used to decide whether or not to take this product. This information does not endorse this product as safe, effective, or approved for treating any patient or health condition. This is only a brief summary of general information about this product. It does NOT include all information about the possible uses, directions, warnings, precautions, interactions, adverse effects, or risks that may apply to this product. This information is not specific medical advice and does not replace information you receive from your health care provider. You should talk with your health care provider for complete information about the risks and benefits of using this product.
This product may adversely interact with certain health and medical conditions, other prescription and over-the-counter drugs, foods, or other dietary supplements. This product may be unsafe when used before surgery or other medical procedures. It is important to fully inform your doctor about the herbal, vitamins, mineral or any other supplements you are taking before any kind of surgery or medical procedure. With the exception of certain products that are generally recognized as safe in normal quantities, including use of folic acid and prenatal vitamins during pregnancy, this product has not been sufficiently studied to determine whether it is safe to use during pregnancy or nursing or by persons younger than 2 years of age.
Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health
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U.S. Tenth Circuit
Once Again, Marijuana Dispensaries: You Cannot Ignore the IRS.
By Joseph Fawbush, Esq. on October 27, 2020 5:01 PM
Americans largely approve of marijuana. Americans largely disapprove of taxes. Yet, somehow, when pitted against each other, taxes always win.
That is the essence of a recent 10th Circuit Court of Appeals case. The issue arose again because the IRS does not allow business deductions for expenses for controlled substances that are illegal under federal law. This is true even in states that have legalized the recreational use of marijuana. Federal law still bans the sale of marijuana.
Try, and Try Again
This is not the first time a marijuana dispensary has challenged the IRS stance on allowable deductions. Trying valiantly once more, several large Colorado marijuana dispensaries challenged the IRS' refusal to allow their business deductions. The IRS audited the 2013 and 2014 tax returns of Green Solutions, LLC, which promotes itself as "Colorado's #1 marijuana dispensary." The IRS issued a summons to Green Solutions when the company failed to provide adequate documentation in the audit.
Green Solutions challenged the IRS summons, alleging that they were overly broad and compliance would violate Colorado law, among other claims. You can almost hear the sigh from Judge Mary Beck Briscoe, who wrote that she was familiar with these arguments, and not impressed. In years of fighting the IRS, "[t]he dispensaries have lost every time," Judge Briscoe wrote bluntly. In Standing Akimbo v. IRS, which the Tenth Circuit decided in April, the issues were virtually identical. As such, Judge Briscoe coolly noted, "this opinion liberally quotes that decision from earlier this year" and reached the same conclusions.
An Already Decided Case
A panel cannot overturn circuit precedent without a full en banc decision or Supreme Court intervention. While Green Solutions gamely tried to differentiate their case from Standing Akimbo, the unanimous Tenth Circuit panel was having none of it. Mainly, Green Solutions tried to argue that the standard of review with which the district court dismissed the case was in error. Not so, wrote Judge Briscoe, "In the text of the Standing Akimbo opinion, we addressed on the merits—and at some length—the appropriate standard of review."
The rest of the opinion quotes whole paragraphs of Standing Akimbo, highlighting why the Tenth Circuit held that the IRS had the authority and a legitimate reason for issuing the summons. Further, there was no evidence of bad faith on the part of the IRS, and Colorado law does not prohibit state agencies from releasing confidential information for an authorized purpose.
For now, marijuana dispensaries in Colorado will have to pay more taxes since allowable deductions for other businesses are not recognized by the IRS. At least until Congress addresses the issue specifically or removes marijuana from its controlled substances list.
10th Circuit: Marijuana Businesses Still Required to Follow Federal Wage Laws (FindLaw's U.S. Tenth Circuit)
Marijuana Dispensary Case Makes It to the Supreme Court (FindLaw's U.S. Supreme Court)
Can Cannabis Be a Religious Sacrament? Judge Says No (FindLaw's Legally Weird)


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WELCOME to the website of All Saints' Church. For nearly a thousand years this beautiful church has stood in the heart of the community, a spiritual home for the people of Springfield and beyond.
Today, All Saints' is a friendly, engaged and committed church where everyone will find a warm welcome.
Please explore our website, where you will find more information about our church, our faith, our services and activities, the latest news and calendar of what's happening, how you can be married or bring your children for baptism here, and how to find us and contact us.
You can also download a free copy of our monthly church magazine 'in touch' from this page. We look forward to seeing you!
Contacts for particular groups or activities are given on the relevant pages, but for other general enquiries please contact the Rector or one of the churchwardens - see our Meet the Team page.
For details of all our church services during Lent and Easter as well as the Lent Meditations please see the News page.
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For news of everything that's happening at All Saints' this week, please see our Facebook page or the Weekly Sheet below.
Please click HERE to download the latest issue, or go to our Magazine page to download previous issues.
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La paraula centre s'usa en diversos contexts d'àlgebra abstracta per a denotar el conjunt dels elements que commuten, respecte a una certa operació, amb tots els altres.
Sovint es representa amb la lletra Z, de l'alemany Zentrum ("centre"). Més concretament:
 Un magma és un conjunt M dotat d'una operació interna . El centre d'un magma M és el conjunt Z(M) dels elements de M que commuten amb tots, és a dir, el conjunt dels xM tals que, per a tot yM, xy = yx. Si el magma és associatiu llavors Z(M) és una part estable per l'operació.
 En particular, el centre d'un grup G està format pels elements x de G tals que xy = yx per a tot y de G. És un subgrup normal commutatiu de G.
 El centre d'un anell A és el subconjunt format pels x de A tals que xa = ax per a tot a de A. És un subanell commutatiu de A, i A és una àlgebra sobre el seu centre. En particular, el centre d'un cos no commutatiu és un sub-cos commutatiu.
 El centre d'una àlgebra associativa A és el conjunt dels elements x de A tals que xa = ax per a tot a de A. És una subàlgebra commutativa de A.
 El centre d'una àlgebra de Lie  és el conjunt  format pels x de  tals que [x,y] = 0 per a tot y de . És un ideal commutatiu de .

Referències

Bibliografia

Àlgebra abstracta

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Every year there are different "trends" when it comes to marketing your business. The general theory remains the same but you can kick your sales into overdrive if you stay on top of the current trends and utilize them to your advantage. We want to share a few of these trends with you and let you know how you can use them for YOUR business.
Content is king. We've said it before and we'll say it again. Content marketing continues to rise in popularity and content marketing strategies should be used to reach your target audience. What this means is that you should be creating more personal, inspiring and creative content. Don't just put out the cookie-cutter content that every other business is creating. Do something that speaks to your audience and builds your brand.
Analytics will stop being a good tool and become a necessary one. Businesses will increase analytic spending by upwards of 60% so if you aren't utilizing analytics, you're already behind.
VIDEO! We've worked with many businesses over the past few months who only utilized social media in the form of Facebook and Twitter…posts and text. If you want to reach a broader audience and become more appealing to your consumers you have to start creating video content. It's easier than you think and can be done on a shoestring budget. Try it out. Pull out that digital camera, set to camcorder and create your first business video! There are plenty of programs out there that can help you create professional looking videos.
Online ads continue to grow. Google Ads…even Yahoo Ads are still one of the most tried and true methods of online marketing. Try Facebook and Twitter if you like but you can rarely go wrong with using Google Adwords.
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One of the things that I've really loved about this column is getting a sense of how connected everyone was. Truly, everyone seemed to know one another, even as small groups formed around certain editors. A case in point, over the last couple of columns, I've been looking at the Golden Age of SF, which is generally regarded as beginning with John W. Campbell Jr.'s rein at Astounding. Campbell's star was bright and enduring, but it lost its innovative edge. H.L. Gold, I think, deserves more attention for his role during the Golden Age, as his magazine Galaxy Science Fiction provided some of the genre's most enduring classics.
Go read Changing the Playing Field: H.L. Gold & Galaxy Science Fiction over on Kirkus Reviews!
Alternate Worlds, James Gunn: Gunn's book has a particularly good section on Galaxy and Gold's influence during the Golden Age of SF.
A Pictorial History of Science Fiction, David Kyle: This book has an excellent analysis of the importance of Gold and his work at Galaxy, giving me some very good information on how he impacted the genre.
New Maps of Hell, Kingsley Amis: Amis provides some good information about Galaxy and Gold.
Billion Year Spree, Brian Aldiss: Galaxy gets a brief mention here, chiefly in context of Alfred Bester.
Seekers of Tomorrow, Sam Moskowitz: Moskowitz provides some good early biographical information on the beginnings of Galaxy Magazine, and Gold's involvement with various authors.
The Way the Future Was: A Memoir, Frederik Pohl: Pohl took over for Gold in 1961, and this book details his dealings with the man, as well as Gold's final days in the editor's chair.
The Futurians, Damon Knight: Knight provides some good information about Gold here.
Science Fiction of the 20th Century: An Illustrated History, Frank M. Robinson: Robinson has a good, important section on the influence of Galaxy Magazine.
The Creation of Tomorrow: Fifty Years of Magazine Science Fiction, Paul A. Carter: Carter details some great information on Gold and his work at Galaxy Magazine.
H.L. Gold Wikipedia Entry: I almost never use Wikipedia as a primary source, but in this instance, there were references to a source that I would have otherwise used, but didn't have, which helped provide some good biographical information on Gold.
Horace Gold Britannica Entry: This entry provides some good biographical information on Gold's life that I didn't find anywhere else.


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The Gemini Geek
Government & Society
Why Do Cats Cough Up Hairballs?
by Lucas Beaumont May 16, 2021, 3:49 pm 999 Views
One comedian answered this question with the humorous answer that his cat coughed up hairballs because it was choking. The answer is so obvious that it's almost funny. That answer is also very true. Cats have fur that is loose enough to come out when the animal cleans and "grooms." Cat tongues are quite rough, similar to fine sandpaper. This helps pull the hair out.
Of course, some of this hair gets in the mouth and is passed through the animal as the cat eats and eliminates waste. Most animals that are meat eaters have stomachs that are meant to handle rough items, including some hair. Many cats eat their prey whole, hair and all. But there may come a time when too much hair is in the system.
In this situation, the hair collects in such a mass that it causes discomfort. The hair mass may even cause stomach irritation. Naturally, the cat's body wants to get rid of this uncomfortable mass, so it is coughed up by a strong body reaction. Most of the time there is no reason for the cat owner to be concerned about this. However, some cats with longer hair or very coarse hair may be coughing up these "intruders" too often.
The presence of too many hairballs in the stomach can lead to more serious problems if the situation is not addressed. Most veterinarians can be of assistance in these cases. A vet will be able to tell if the condition is caused by a hair mass or is really an indication of some other health problem. But even the occasional and natural elimination of hairballs can cause some minor damage to the stomach and throat, though this is rare.
Pet owners who see the cat coughing and appearing to choke without bringing up a mass of hair should contact their veterinarian. This action may be a sign of some more serious problem such as asthma or a serious stomach ailment. Some look at the feline hairball situation as being a matter of imbalance in the cat's system. While this doesn't change the condition, it can be a good way to look at it. Hairball coughs should be considered in a total view of the animal – its activity, diet etc.
Knowing why cats cough up hairballs should lead to knowledge about how to prevent excessive coughing that is caused by hair in the system. Long-haired cats may need to be combed and groomed by the owner to get rid of excess hair in the coat. It may be wise to check with a veterinarian or professional pet groomer to get the correct comb or brush.
Some experts suggest watching the animal closely to see if it eats grass or the leaves of a plant. This may be a sign that it is trying to take care of the stomach problem on its own. This isn't a sure sign, but it might be something to watch for. Keep in mind that a cat must get rid of the extra hair in its stomach somehow. Coughing up a hairball might be the only healthy way to do it.
Previous article Why Do Dogs Lick On Feet?
Next article Why Do Cats Sneeze?
Written by Lucas Beaumont
Generalist. Wikipedia contributor. Elementary school teacher from Saskatchewan, Canada.
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The 72(t) strategy to avoid the early withdrawal penalty. If you are still working and pull money out of your 401(k) before age 59½ without rolling it to another qualified plan, you will almost certainly pay a 10% early withdrawal penalty plus income taxes on the money you take out.3 But you might be able to make early withdrawals with the help of IRS Rule 72(t).
Securities & investment advisory services offered through NEXT Financial Group, Inc. Member FINRA/SIPC. These are the views of Peter Montoya Inc., not the named Representative nor Broker/Dealer, and should not be construed as investment advice. Neither the named Representative nor Broker/Dealer gives tax or legal advice. All information is believed to be from reliable sources; however, we make no representation as to its completeness or accuracy. The publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting or other professional services. If other expert assistance is needed, the reader is advised to engage the services of a competent professional. Please consult your Financial Advisor for further information.


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The Fulbright Distinguished Awards in Teaching Short Term Program application is open until May 6th for teaching in 12 countries for two to six weeks during 2019-2020. Get information here.
Click here to read the spring 2019 edition of "The ESC Connection," the digital magazine of the Educational Service Center (ESC) of Northeast Ohio.
Professional Development Opportunities, Network Meeting Dates and much more.
The University of Cincinnati Early College IT Pathway provides an opportunity for high school students to prepare for a variety of IT careers, such as software applications, cybersecurity, networking, game development and simulation. Successful students will automatically qualify for admission to UC's IT program. Educators can qualify to teach the IT courses through an online competency-based program.


text:
Vincent Namatjira wins 2020 Archibald Prize with Adam Goodes portrait
Art Gallery of New South Wales / Mim Stirling
Vincent Namatjira, Stand strong for who you are, acrylic on linen, 152 × 198 cm
Vincent Namatjira has become the first Indigenous artist to win Australia's biggest portraiture prize.
The Indulkana-based Western Arrernte artist, who won the 2019 Ramsay Art Prize for his work Close Contact, took out the top prize for his painting Stand strong for who you are. A portrait of the artist alongside Wallaroo-born former Sydney Swans star Adam Goodes, the work is in some ways a continuation of the ongoing thread in Namatjira's work of placing himself alongside famous figures in popular culture – his Ramsay-winning piece juxtaposed his own image against that of Captain Cook.
In Stand strong for who you are, however, the inclusion of two of Goodes' most iconic on-field moments makes for a powerful show of strength and pride – and a fitting subject for the first painting by a First Nations artist to win the prize in its 99-year history.
"When I saw the documentary The Final Quarter about Adam's final season of AFL, my guts were churning as I relived Adam's experiences of relentless racism on and off the field," Namatjira said of the piece's inspiration. "Memories of my own experiences were stirred up and I wanted to reach out and reconnect with Adam.
Rhett Hammerton / Iwantja Arts
Vincent Namatjira
"We share some similar stories and experiences – of disconnection from culture, language and Country, and the constant pressures of being an Aboriginal man in this country. We've also both got young daughters and don't want them to have to go through those same experiences."
"I am delighted that Vincent Namatjira has become the first Indigenous artist to win the Archibald Prize, for his portrait of Adam Goodes," Art Gallery of New South Wales director Michael Brand said of the win. "Painted in a uniquely personal style, it also features Vincent himself, pointing to Adam as a great Australian. Vincent's work shows how much portrait painting still has to say and what strong voices our Indigenous artists have."
South Australian artist and six-time Archibald finalist Tsering Hannaford also received a highly commended honour for her work Self-portrait after Allegory of Painting.
Stand strong for who you are and the other finalists will be on display at the Art Gallery of New South Wales from 26 September to 10 January 2021.
View all the finalists
Ramsay Art Prize winner Vincent Namatjira adds a new dimension to 'Captain Crook' art tradition
A note on
The Adelaide Review's future
Karen Genoff: Made and found
Frances Rogers' little spaces


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


1,340 experience to go until the next level!
Hi, it's possible to set data from database to :md-options="options" in the data return options["data from database"] ?
lucasmmduran left a reply on PhpUnit Is Deleting My Database!


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text:
Lybica, Featuring Killswitch Engage Drummer Justin Foley on Guitar, Share "Ascend" Visualizer
- September 16th, 2022 – Lybica Arrives Today, September 16, Via Metal Blade Records Lybica, a dynamic and instrumental band from...
Hypnotic Heavy Metal Band Spell to Release New LP "Tragic Magic" on October 28th
- September 15th, 2022 – Vancouver Progressive Duo Drops Video for New Song "Ultraviolet" Fantastical heavy metal band...
Defleshed Announces New Album "Grind Over Matter" for October 28th
- September 15th, 2022 – Releases first video/single for the title track! Pre-order live! Cover art by Roberto Toderico Swedish...
The Black Dahlia Murder Announce October 28th Show: A Celebration of the Life and Legacy of Trevor Strnad
- September 14th, 2022 – Michigan's The Black Dahlia Murder has just announced a show in Detroit on October 28 at Saint...
Allegaeon Announce Ezra Haynes' Return to Vocals for European Tour This November
- September 13th, 2022 – With the departure of Riley McShane, we are thrilled to be joined by our former vocalist Ezra Haynes on...
Revocation launches video for "Nihilistic Violence"
- September 9th, 2022 – Releases new album, 'Netherheaven', worldwide; kicks off North American headlining tour with...
Revocation "Netherheaven"
Cognitive: North American Tour Supporting Psycroptic and Fallujah Starts This Weekend
- September 8th, 2022 – New Jersey death metal outfit and recent Metal Blade Records signees, COGNITIVE, will join Psycroptic and...
Mercyful Fate Announces First North American Headlining Tour in Over Two Decades
- September 6th, 2022 – Tickets On Sale Friday, September 9th Photo By: Livia Zita Heavy metal icons MERCYFUL FATE today announce...
Trial (swe) "Feed the Fire"


text:
Premstätten est depuis  une commune située dans le district de Graz-Umgebung en Styrie, en Autriche. Cependant, elle a été fondée en  sous le nom de ville Unterpremstätten-Zettling.

La municipalité a été fondée dans le cadre de la réforme structurelle municipale Styrie, le . Elle est issue de la fusion de des municipalités indépendantes d'Unterpremstätten et de Zettling.

Une pétition de la municipalité de Zettling contre la fusion, présentée à la Cour constitutionnelle, a été présentée mais n'a pas abouti.

Après un conseil municipal correspondant, la commune porte depuis 2016 le nom de Premstätten.

Notes et références

Commune en Styrie


text:
DC Restaurants Join "A Day Without A Woman" Strike
Where to find women-owned businesses, specials, and others showing support.
Written by Anna Spiegel
| Published on March 7, 2017
Pizzeria Paradiso and Veloce owner Ruth Gresser. Photograph by Jeff Elkins
International Women's Day is Wednesday, March 8. The annual celebration takes on a new meaning this year with a nationwide strike dubbed A Day Without A Woman from the organizers behind the Women's March on Washington.
Unlike the recent Day Without Immigrants, which seemed to rise suddenly and spread quickly through word-of-mouth, A Day Without A Woman is mapped out on the organizer's website—along with suggestions for how to participate. Women are urged to take the day off work—paid or unpaid—wear the color red in solidarity, and only spend money at small businesses that are women-and-minority owned. In Washington, Alexandria's public schools have already announced they'll be closed on Wednesday.
Pizzeria Paradiso and Veloce owner Ruth Gresser is one of the most vocal chefs promoting the strike. The veteran restaurateur, who recently celebrated her flagship's 25th year in DC, is offering paid leave to all female employees at her four eateries. She spent weeks with her team figuring out the best approach for the business, and rearranging shifts with male employees so the eateries can remain open. Only half the food and beverage menus will be served—a symbolic number that represents half the world's female population—with partial proceeds going to My Sister's Place, which supports survivors of domestic abuse, and the National Organization for Women.
"I'm taking a position that's important to me," says Gresser, who also granted employees paid leave for the immigrant strike. "I know it has potential political ramifications, but that's not my motivation. This is an important issue in our society. Half of our society is not treated equally. It's important to me that the reality and history is not lost."
We'll be updating the list of restaurants that are participating in A Day Without A Woman events and donations. Email aspiegel@washingtonian.com.
Here's a map of where you can support women-owned businesses throughout Washington.
Town Tavern
2323 18th St., NW
Go to Town for an all-night happy hour. The woman-owned-and-operated business offers $3 beers, $4 rails. $5 drafts and wines until close for the ladies, and 9 pm for everyone else. In addition to the drinks there's a free comedy show planned from Capital Laughs until 8 pm. Proceeds (10%) from bar sales benefit the #BeBoldForChange Movement.
2275 L St., NW
Women can enjoy happy hour all day at chef Ris Lacoste's Foggy Bottom restaurant, from 11:30 am to last call. Specials include $5 beers, Sauvignon Blanc, and a Portuguese red wine; $8 Rush vodka, gin, or bourbon; $6 red wine sangria; and $8 gin rickeys.
1839 Seventh St., NW
This Shaw seafood bar is using an all-male bar staff from 7 pm to midnight. Special cocktails, $6 to $8, include the No Se Means No Se (mezcal, honey-ginger syrup, walnut liqueur) and a beer-and-shot combo, Badass Lasses. Partial proceeds will be donated to My Sister's Place.
Alta Strada DC/Conosci
465 K St., NW
Both of restaurateur Michael Schlow's City Vista restaurants will donate 10-percent of proceeds to My Sister's Place during lunch and dinner.
Centrolina
974 Palmer Alley (CityCenterDC)
Chef Amy Brandwein's CityCenterDC Italian will donate 10-percent of sales in the market to Running Start, an organization that supports young women entering politics.
Crisp Kitchen + Bar
The Bloomingdale bar/restaurant will donate 10-percent of all sales—including $5 happy hour—to N Street Village Shelter for Women.
Fare Well
406 H St., NW
Owner Doron Petersan will host a special, all-night happy hour from 5 pm to close at her vegan-friendly diner, while also screening Working Girl and 9 to 5. Proceeds (10%) from sales all day will go to Ruth's Place.
Pizzeria Paradiso and Veloce
Paradiso: 2003 P St., NW; 3282 M St., NW; 124 King St., Alexandria; Veloce: 1828 L St., NW
All of Ruth Gresser's pizzerias will donate half of their profits to two women's organizations: My Sister's Place and National Organization for Women. In addition, Pizzeria Paradiso will only serve half of its food and draft beer menu.
2214 Rhode Island Ave. NE
Women receive 20-percent off their checks at this female-owned restaurant, which will donate partial proceeds to Planned Parenthood. Male employees and family members will staff the restaurant for a limited food menu (and full bar). More details are available here.
Rare Sweets
963 Palmer Alley, NW (CityCenterDC)
Pastry chef/owner Meredith Tomason will donate 10% of all sales to a local chapter of Suited for Change, a non-profit organization aimed at providing professional and job-readiness skills.
1370 Park Rd., NW
This vegan bakery will donate 10% of the day's proceeds to My Sister's Place.
Don't Miss Another New Restaurant—Get Our Food Newsletter
The latest in Washington's food and drink scene.
More: A Day Without a WomanBarsRestaurants
Anna Spiegel
Anna Spiegel covers the dining and drinking scene in her native DC. Prior to joining Washingtonian in 2010, she attended the French Culinary Institute and Columbia University's MFA program in New York, and held various cooking and writing positions in NYC and in St. John, US Virgin Islands.
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