Basque cuisine is becoming increasingly well-known, especially in the world of fine dining – the Basque city of San Sebastián alone has more Michelin-starred restaurants per square kilometre than any other city in the world, besides Kyoto in Japan. Here are 16 delicious dishes you can't leave the Basque Country without trying.
The Basques love cod fish, and many of their most iconic dishes feature it as the main ingredient. Bacalao pil-pil is cod fried with garlic, olive oil and chilli, until the oils form a creamy sauce-like emulsion. It is called pil-pil because of the noise that the skin makes when it fries in the pan.
Not to be confused with tapas, pintxos are the ultimate Basque snack. Typically small pieces of bread, they're topped with various ingredients such as anchovies, ham, goat's cheese, fried peppers or even croquettes, and are speared through the middle with a stick. You'll find them lined up along the bar, and the idea is to help yourself and count up the sticks and the end to find out how much you owe. Each pintxo usually costs between €1-3.
Marmitako is a type of Basque fish stew and literally means 'pot' or 'casserole'. It's made with tuna, potatoes, onions, garlic and red peppers.
Alubias de Tolosa is type of stew made from black beans from Tolosa cooked with onions, olive oil and salt. Pork, morcilla (blood sausage), peppers and chilli are usually added to the mix too, making a hearty feast, perfect during cold weather.
Another cod dish, bacalao a la Vizcaína is from the Vizcaya province of the Basque Country, of which Bilbao is the capital. It's a piece of cod smothered in a tomato sauce, made from onions, garlic and roasted red peppers.
Literally translated as 'hake fish in green sauce', this traditional dish is a seafood lover's dream. The sauce is made from white wine, parsley garlic and olive oil, while clams are also typically added.
This typical Basque meal is a simple dish, which essentially consists of baby eels. Traditionally they are cooked in a clay pot with olive oil, garlic and chilli.
Txipirones are baby squid cooked in their own ink. The ink is often mixed with white wine and garlic to give it more flavour.
This dish is essentially what it sounds like – potatoes with chorizo. It is actually a typical dish from La Rioja, but is often eaten in the Basque Country too. The potatoes and chorizo are made into a type of stew, along with peppers, paprika, garlic and onion.
Baked, stuffed spider crab is a classic dish which hails from San Sebastián. The crab is stuffed with ingredients such as onions, tomatoes, leeks, brandy and parsley, and is topped with bread crumbs before being baked in the oven.
Percebes are a Basque delicacy and in English are known as goose barnacles. These tube-shaped crustaceans may be not very nice to look at, but are delicious when eaten boiled in seawater.
The Basque Country's most famous dessert is the Pastel Vasco – an almond-like cakey pastry case filled with a vanilla custard-like cream. Sometimes fruit such as cherries are added to the mix.
Originally hailing from the Basque city of Vitoria-Gasteiz, goxua are small sponge cakes topped with custard, whipped cream and caramel sauce – and make for a tasty dessert.
This version of French toast is one of the most indulgent Basque desserts – and one of the most delicious too. Made from brioche-type bread, they're soaked in milk and egg, before being fried. To finish, the torrijas are smothered in a sweet, sticky syrup flavoured with cinnamon and orange.
Lamb is very popular in the north of Spain, and in the Basque Country people like to make it into a stew. The lamb is marinated in white wine, cloves, garlic and rosemary, before being cooked and then added to a thick sauce. The main ingredients of the sauce include roasted red peppers, tomatoes, red wine, paprika and parsley.
Mamia is the Basque version of cuajada – a thick type of sheep's curd, similar to yoghurt. It is most often made in a small ceramic pot and served with honey for dessert.


text:
FROM qnib/terminal
MAINTAINER "Christian Kniep <christian@qnib.org>"

# mongodb
RUN yum install -y mongodb-server
ADD etc/supervisord.d/mongodb.ini /etc/supervisord.d/mongodb.ini

## download stuff first to be able to cache this step for good
WORKDIR /opt/
RUN curl -L -o graylog2-server-0.20.6.tgz https://github.com/Graylog2/graylog2-server/releases/download/0.20.6/graylog2-server-0.20.6.tgz
RUN tar xf graylog2-server-0.20.6.tgz
RUN curl -L -o graylog2-web-interface-0.20.6.tgz https://github.com/Graylog2/graylog2-web-interface/releases/download/0.20.6/graylog2-web-interface-0.20.6.tgz
RUN tar xf graylog2-web-interface-0.20.6.tgz
RUN rm /opt/graylog*.tgz
# Java
RUN yum install -y java-1.7.0-openjdk

ADD etc/yum.repos.d/elasticsearch-0.90.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/elasticsearch-0.90.repo
RUN yum install -y elasticsearch
RUN sed -i -e '/# cluster.name:.*/a cluster.name: graylog2' /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml
RUN sed -i -e "/# node.name:.*/a node.name: $(hostname)" /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml
ADD etc/supervisord.d/elasticsearch.ini /etc/supervisord.d/elasticsearch.ini

#### Install graylog2
RUN yum install -y pwgen
# server
RUN yum install -y perl-Digest-SHA
RUN ln -sf /opt/graylog2-server-0.20.6 /opt/graylog2-server
RUN cp /opt/graylog2-server/graylog2.conf.example /etc/graylog2.conf
RUN sed -i -e "s/password_secret =$/password_secret = $(pwgen -s 96)/" /etc/graylog2.conf
RUN sed -i -e "s/root_password_sha2 =$/root_password_sha2 = $(echo -n admin | shasum -a 256|awk '{print $1}')/" /etc/graylog2.conf
ADD etc/supervisord.d/graylog2-server.ini /etc/supervisord.d/graylog2-server.ini

# web-interface
RUN ln -s /opt/graylog2-web-interface-0.20.6 graylog2-web-interface
RUN sed -i -e "s/application.secret=\"\"/application.secret=\"$(pwgen -s 96)\"/" /opt/graylog2-web-interface/conf/graylog2-web-interface.conf
RUN sed -i -e 's#graylog2-server.uris=.*"#graylog2-server.uris="http://127.0.0.1:12900/"#' /opt/graylog2-web-interface/conf/graylog2-web-interface.conf
ADD etc/supervisord.d/graylog2-web-interface.ini /etc/supervisord.d/graylog2-web-interface.ini

EXPOSE 9000
EXPOSE 12900

CMD /bin/supervisord -c /etc/supervisord.conf

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Gary John Christian (born 7 August 1971) is an English professional golfer who has played on the Web.com Tour and the PGA Tour.

Christian was born in Carshalton, England. As a junior, he played golf at Addington Palace Golf Club, England. He played college golf at Auburn University and turned professional in 1997. Christian was a member of the Nationwide Tour in 1999 and has been a member since 2006. He picked up his first win on tour at the 2009 Northeast Pennsylvania Classic, where he defeated Mathias Grönberg in a playoff that went to nine holes, equaling a Nationwide Tour record for longest playoff.

Christian has also played on several mini tours during his career where he has won over 30 events. The tours he has won on are the Dakotas Tour, All-Star Emerald Coast Tour, DP Tour, Teardrop Tour and the Tight Lies Tour.

Christian appeared on the TV show The Weakest Link in 2001. He is named after Gary Player.

At age 40, Christian finally graduated to the PGA Tour after finishing ninth on the Nationwide Tour's money list. Christian had never played in a PGA Tour event until 2012. He played in 28 events in 2012, making 18 cuts and having a best finish of T-10 at the RBC Canadian Open.

After Christian's touring career ended, he became a commentator on The Golf Channel.

Professional wins (32+)

Nationwide Tour wins (2)

Nationwide Tour playoff record (1–0)

Other wins (30+)
2004 Nebraska Open
30+ wins on mini tours

See also
2011 Nationwide Tour graduates

References

External links

English male golfers
Auburn Tigers men's golfers
PGA Tour golfers
Korn Ferry Tour graduates
People from Carshalton
1971 births
Living people

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Formerly specialized in the documentation of long term projects. These projects include the building of the Chinese Garden (Liu Fang Yuan) and restoring the Japanese Garden at the Huntington in San Marino, California. Other projects include documentation of visits by U.S. Doctors to Columbia (to perform life changing orthopedic surgery on children), people & places in Tibet, Women's' Tennis Championships, events for Corporate and Non Profit fund raising. I also document birthdays, weddings and wedding anniversaries for seniors (Over 60 + years).
I am a native of Los Angeles California, a graduate of U. C. Berkeley and former C.P.A. and C.E.O.. I have served as a management consultant and board member for public and private companies.
Thanks for looking over my images. Your comments will be appreciated.


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up for more severe injuries.
and informed decisions about sending players back on the field, USA Today reported.
Comstock, the study's director of research.
sports last year, with football and boys and girls soccer leading the way.


text:
Q: Is there a synchronization class that guarantee FIFO order in C#? What is it and how to use?
I need that as I have a timer that inserts into DB every second, and I have a shared resource between timer handler and the main thread.
I want to gurantee that if the timer handler takes more than one second in the insertion the waited threads should be executed in order.
This is a sample code for my timer handler:
private void InsertBasicVaraibles(object param)
{
    try
    {
        DataTablesMutex.WaitOne();//mutex for my shared resources
         //insert into DB
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        //Handle
    }
    finally
    {
        DataTablesMutex.ReleaseMutex();
    }
}

But currently the mutex does not guarantee any order.

A: You should re-design your system to not rely on the execution order of the threads.  For example, rather than have your threads make a DB call that might take more than one second, have your threads place the command they would execute into a data structure like a queue (or a heap if there is something that says "this one should be before another one").  Then, in spare time, drain the queue and do your db inserts one at a time in the proper order.

A: You'll need to write your own class to do this, I found this example (pasted because it looks as though the site's domain has lapsed):
using System.Threading;

public sealed class QueuedLock
{
    private object innerLock;
    private volatile int ticketsCount = 0;
    private volatile int ticketToRide = 1;

    public QueuedLock()
    {
        innerLock = new Object();
    }

    public void Enter()
    {
        int myTicket = Interlocked.Increment(ref ticketsCount);
        Monitor.Enter(innerLock);
        while (true)
        {

            if (myTicket == ticketToRide)
            {
                return;
            }
            else
            {
                Monitor.Wait(innerLock);
            }
        }
    }

    public void Exit()
    {
        Interlocked.Increment(ref ticketToRide);
        Monitor.PulseAll(innerLock);
        Monitor.Exit(innerLock);
    }
}

Example of usage:
QueuedLock queuedLock = new QueuedLock();

try
{
   queuedLock.Enter();
   // here code which needs to be synchronized
   // in correct order
}
finally
{
    queuedLock.Exit();
}

Source via archive.org

A: Just reading Joe Duffy's "Concurrent Programming on Windows" it sounds like you'll usually get FIFO behaviour from .NET monitors, but there are some situations where that won't occur.
Page 273 of the book says: "Because monitors use kernel objects internally, they exhibit the same roughly-FIFO behavior that the OS synchronization mechanisms also exhibit (described in the previous chapter). Monitors are unfair, so if another thread sneaks in and acquires the lock before an awakened waiting thread tries to acquire the lock, the sneaky thread is permitted to acquire the lock."
I can't immediately find the section referenced "in the previous chapter" but it does note that locks have been made deliberately unfair in recent editions of Windows to improve scalability and reduce lock convoys.
Do you definitely need your lock to be FIFO? Maybe there's a different way to approach the problem. I don't know of any locks in .NET which are guaranteed to be FIFO.

A: There is no guaranteed order on any built-in synchronisation objects: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms684266(VS.85).aspx
If you want a guaranteed order you'll have to try and build something yourself, note though that it's not as easy as it might sound, especially when multiple threads reach the synchronisation point at (close to) the same time. To some extent the order they will be released will always be 'random' since you cannot predict in which order the point is reached, so does it really matter?

A: Actually the  answers are good, but I solved the problem by removing the timer and run the method (timer-handler previously) into background thread as follows
    private void InsertBasicVaraibles()
    {
         int functionStopwatch = 0;
         while(true)
         {

           try
           {
             functionStopwatch = Environment.TickCount;
             DataTablesMutex.WaitOne();//mutex for my shared resources
             //insert into DB
           }
           catch (Exception ex)
           {
             //Handle
           }
           finally
           {
              DataTablesMutex.ReleaseMutex();
           }

           //simulate the timer tick value
           functionStopwatch = Environment.TickCount - functionStopwatch;
           int diff = INSERTION_PERIOD - functionStopwatch;
           int sleep = diff >= 0 ?  diff:0;
           Thread.Sleep(sleep);
        }
    }

A: Follow up on Matthew Brindley's answer.
If converting code from
lock (LocalConnection.locker) {...}

then you could either do a IDisposable or do what I did:
public static void Locking(Action action) {
  Lock();
  try {
    action();
  } finally {
    Unlock();
  }
}

LocalConnection.Locking( () => {...});

I decided against IDisposable because it would creates a new invisible object on every call.
As to reentrancy issue I modified the code to this:
public sealed class QueuedLock {
    private object innerLock = new object();
    private volatile int ticketsCount = 0;
    private volatile int ticketToRide = 1;
    ThreadLocal<int> reenter = new ThreadLocal<int>();

    public void Enter() {
        reenter.Value++;
        if ( reenter.Value > 1 )
            return;
        int myTicket = Interlocked.Increment( ref ticketsCount );
        Monitor.Enter( innerLock );
        while ( true ) {
            if ( myTicket == ticketToRide ) {
                return;
            } else {
                Monitor.Wait( innerLock );
            }
        }
    }

    public void Exit() {
        if ( reenter.Value > 0 )
            reenter.Value--;
        if ( reenter.Value > 0 )
            return;
        Interlocked.Increment( ref ticketToRide );
        Monitor.PulseAll( innerLock );
        Monitor.Exit( innerLock );
    }
}

A: In case anyone needs Matt's solution in F#
    type internal QueuedLock() =
        let innerLock = Object()
        let ticketsCount = ref 0
        let ticketToRide = ref 1
        member __.Enter () =
            let myTicket = Interlocked.Increment ticketsCount
            Monitor.Enter innerLock
            while myTicket <> Volatile.Read ticketToRide do
                Monitor.Wait innerLock |> ignore
        member __.Exit () =
            Interlocked.Increment ticketToRide |> ignore
            Monitor.PulseAll innerLock
            Monitor.Exit innerLock

A: Elaborating on Matt Brindley's great answer so that it works with the using statement:
public sealed class QueuedLockProvider
{
  private readonly object _innerLock;
  private volatile int _ticketsCount = 0;
  private volatile int _ticketToRide = 1;

  public QueuedLockProvider()
  {
    _innerLock = new object();
  }

  public Lock GetLock()
  {
    return new Lock(this);
  }

  private void Enter()
  {
    int myTicket = Interlocked.Increment(ref _ticketsCount);
    Monitor.Enter(_innerLock);
    while (true)
    {

      if (myTicket == _ticketToRide)
      {
        return;
      }
      else
      {
        Monitor.Wait(_innerLock);
      }
    }
  }

  private void Exit()
  {
    Interlocked.Increment(ref _ticketToRide);
    Monitor.PulseAll(_innerLock);
    Monitor.Exit(_innerLock);
  }

  public class Lock : IDisposable
  {
    private readonly QueuedLockProvider _lockProvider;

    internal Lock(QueuedLockProvider lockProvider)
    {
      _lockProvider = lockProvider;
      _lockProvider.Enter();
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
      _lockProvider.Exit();
    }
  }
}

Now use it like this:
QueuedLockProvider _myLockProvider = new QueuedLockProvider();

// ...

using(_myLockProvider.GetLock())
{
  // here code which needs to be synchronized
  // in correct order
}

A: NOTE: The examples provided are susceptible to Deadlocks.
Example:
QueuedLock queuedLock = new QueuedLock();
void func1()
{
    try
    {
       queuedLock.Enter();
       fubc2()
    }
    finally
    {
        queuedLock.Exit();
    }
}

void func2()
{
    try
    {
       queuedLock.Enter();  //<<<< DEADLOCK

    }
    finally
    {
        queuedLock.Exit();
    }
}

Re. optional solution (inc. an optional IDisposable usage):
public sealed class QueuedLock
{
    private class SyncObject : IDisposable
    {
        private Action m_action = null;
        public SyncObject(Action action)
        {
            m_action = action;
        }

        public void Dispose()
        {
            lock (this)
            {
                var action = m_action;
                m_action = null;
                action?.Invoke();
            }
        }
    }

    private readonly object m_innerLock = new Object();
    private volatile uint m_ticketsCount = 0;
    private volatile uint m_ticketToRide = 1;

    public bool Enter()
    {
        if (Monitor.IsEntered(m_innerLock))
            return false;

        uint myTicket = Interlocked.Increment(ref m_ticketsCount);
        Monitor.Enter(m_innerLock);
        while (true)
        {
            if (myTicket == m_ticketToRide)
                return true;

            Monitor.Wait(m_innerLock);
        }
    }

    public void Exit()
    {
        Interlocked.Increment(ref m_ticketToRide);
        Monitor.PulseAll(m_innerLock);
        Monitor.Exit(m_innerLock);
    }

    public IDisposable GetLock()
    {
        if (Enter())
            return new SyncObject(Exit);

        return new SyncObject(null);
    }
}

Usage:
QueuedLock queuedLock = new QueuedLock();
void func1()
{
    bool isLockAquire = false;
    try
    {
       isLockAquire = queuedLock.Enter();
       // here code which needs to be synchronized in correct order
    }
    finally
    {
        if (isLockAquire)
           queuedLock.Exit();
    }
}

or:
QueuedLock queuedLock = new QueuedLock();
void func1()
{
    using (queuedLock.GetLock())
    {
       // here code which needs to be synchronized in correct order
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: c# void return function error? what it is mean Public Main() method is required in a public class what is wrong with below c# ?
I got error says:"Fatal Error: Public Main() method is required in a public class
"
using System.Reflection;

public class Printing
{
    public void Fib()
    {
        Console.Write(9999);
        return;
    }

    public static void main()
    {
        Printing printing = new Printing();
        printing.Fib();
    }
}

A: C# case sensitive, you need to uppercase the M in Main, right now it's lowercase m as in main
public static void Main()
{
    Printing printing = new Printing();
    printing.Fib();
}


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text:
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Grande $71.98
Artist Steve Purnell Platinum Member
Collection Other
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Steve Purnell's Recent Work
Steve Purnell, Bargoed, Wales
Artist Statement A truly eclectic body of work.
Steve is a self taught photographer living in the Rhymney Valley in South Wales. Whilst he has only taken photography seriously since 2008 he grew up with a photography background as his Father was an avid hobby photographer who shot many a wedding. Steve often used to help in those days taking candid shots through the day.
The purchase of his first digital camera in 2008 really inspired Steve to take up the art once again, especially when he discovered the wonders of photoshop in which he processes all of his images.
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His work is widely available to purchase over the internet, not only as art prints but also as canvas wraps, stationery cards, iphone cases, ipod skins, ipad skins, laptop skins, t shirts, hoodies, cushions and tote bags.
For further information, see the following sources:-
http://sjpgalleries.weebly.com
http://thesmokeguru.weebly.com
http://steve-purnell.artistwebsites.com
http://photo4me.com/sjpgalleries
http://society6.com/StevePurnell
Subjects Boats and Ships, Sailing, Sports & Recreation, Transportation
Tags Purnell, Steve, boat, cardiff, catamaran, extreme, racing, sailing, sails, speed, wales, water

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Looking for something to soften your laundry, prevent static cling and leave your clothes smelling wonderfully?
Look no further, the world of essential oils it's so diverse, that it can offer an answer even for things like dryer sheets –that it may seem perhaps insignificant, but that in reality it make our lives a whole lot easier. Check out below the benefits of making your own dryer sheets and how to make them using essential oils.
#1 They don't contain toxins and other ingredients that are bad for your health.
#2 You can change scents anytime you're in the mood for something different.
#3 Blend oils together to create unique fragrances.
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#6 You get to choose your own scents so you have many more options than what you'll find in the store.
To make your own dryer sheets, you'll need some washcloths, essential oils, an airtight container and white vinegar. Instead of washcloths, you can cut a towel, or an old cotton tee-shirt into small sections and use it for the dryer sheets.
Pour some vinegar in a bowl, add your essential oils and gently mix (ratio for this is 1/2 cup of vinegar and 10 drops of essential oil: adjust with the size of your container). Pour the mixture into the airtight container and place your washcloths inside.
To use, take one out, squeeze the liquid out, and toss it in the dryer before each load. Place it back in the container when you're done. Voila!


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Influence of multiple-sequence-alignment depth on Potts statistical models of protein covariation
Haldane, A
© 2019 American Physical Society. Potts statistical models have become a popular and promising way to analyze mutational covariation in protein multiple sequence alignments (MSAs) in order to understand protein structure, function, and fitness. But the statistical limitations of these models, which can have millions of parameters and are fit to MSAs of only thousands or hundreds of effective sequences using a procedure known as inverse Ising inference, are incompletely understood. In this work we predict how model quality degrades as a function of the number of sequences N, sequence length L, amino-acid alphabet size q, and the degree of conservation of the MSA, in different applications of the Potts models: in "fitness" predictions of individual protein sequences, in predictions of the effects of single-point mutations, in "double mutant cycle" predictions of epistasis, and in 3D contact prediction in protein structure. We show how as MSA depth N decreases an "overfitting" effect occurs such that sequences in the training MSA have overestimated fitness, and we predict the magnitude of this effect and discuss how regularization can help correct for it, using a regularization procedure motivated by statistical analysis of the effects of finite sampling. We find that as N decreases the quality of point-mutation effect predictions degrade least, fitness and epistasis predictions degrade more rapidly, and contact predictions are most affected. However, overfitting becomes negligible for MSA depths of more than a few thousand effective sequences, as often used in practice, and regularization becomes less necessary. We discuss the implications of these results for users of Potts covariation analysis.


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Murderous Passions
SKU: 9781907222917 Categories: Biographical, Film and TV
Murderous Passions: The Delirious Cinema of Jesús Franco by Stephen Thrower with Julian Grainger
Hardcover – Strange Attractor Press – Jan 2020 – 512 pages
Revised Edition
Jesús Franco was a fascinating, icon of world cinema. A passionate believer in artistic and sexual freedom, he constantly tested the boundaries of taste and censorship during an extraordinary career spanning sixty years and more than 170 films.
His delirious spontaneity turned the raw basics of popular cinema – sex and violence – into an avant-garde whirl of sensations. Franco's taste for the kinky and horrific, his idiosyncratic visual style, and his lifelong obsession with the Marquis de Sade, birthed a whole new strain of erotica.
Films like Succubus, Vampyros Lesbos, A Virgin Among the Living Dead and The Erotic Rites of Frankenstein throw out the rulebook and reinvent genre cinema, while even his weakest efforts exude something strange and wild amid the chaos. Meanwhile, multiple international variants turn the Franco filmography into a dizzying hall of mirrors, entrancing for the aficionado but confusing for beginners – until now.
Originally published in 2015, Murderous Passions delves into Franco's career from 1953 to 1974 (a second volume, Flowers of Perversion, covers 1975 to 2013). Assisted by esteemed critic and researcher Julian Grainger, Thrower shines a light into the darkest corners of the Franco filmography, uncovering a wealth of new information. Unparalleled in scope and ambition, this revised and updated edition of Murderous Passions contains eighty more pages of images, many in colour, and a thorough index.
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Shadows & Light


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Archive | Fast and Furious RSS feed for this section
Is it a conspiracy? Why are conspiracy theorists so lazy and incompetent?
I am surprised how often a perfectly good conspiracy theory could be formulated yet no one in the biz does it. Here are two:
1) The Obama regime is aiding in introducing Ebola to Americans, so there will be more sob stories to use to demand government control of medicine (sort of Fast and Furious part 2) and another wag-the-dog distraction from the other problems the regime is causing.
2) The Obama regime and the powers that be have known about the growth of ISIS and American foreign policy failures for a couple of years. They are flaking these as news stories and policy imperatives now, as we approach an election, to promulgate the meme and paradigm that we need big activist government – and surveillance and limits on the Bill of Rights – to save us in general.
(There are obvious realities that make both of these, especially #2, more complicated. Feel free to reply or elaborate. I am just surprised, as I am monthly, that I haven't heard these circulated yet. If it paid well I could totally be a conspiracy maven.)
Categories ebola, Fast and Furious, ISIS
House schedules contempt vote against Holder
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bySusan Ferrechio Chief Congressional Correspondent
posted2 hours ago at10:23am
with2 Comments
Attorney General Eric Holder testifies on Capitol Hill on June 7 before the House Judiciary Committee oversight hearing on the Justice Department. (AP Photo/Charles Dharapak)
House Republicans say they have run out of patience with the Justice Department over its withholding of documents related to the gun walking operation known as Fast and Furious.
The House Oversight and Government reform committee announced Monday that it will vote on a "contempt of Congress" motion against U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder "for his failure to produce documents" related to the department's knowledge of Fast and Furious, which the panel subpoenaed in October.
The announcement ends a brief detente between the two branches over Fast and Furious. House Speaker John Boehner, R-Ohio, tried to stave off a contempt vote by pressuring the White House directly to turn over thousands of pages of documents, but the Justice Department has not complied.
Aides told The Washington Examiner that the committee's statement could be a last-ditch effort to get Holder to cough up the documents. The statement includes this line: "If the Attorney General decides to produce these subpoenaed documents, I am confident we can reach agreement on other materials and render the process of contempt unnecessary."
Last week, Holder and House Oversight Committee Chairman Darrell Issa, R-Calif., engaged in an angry exchange over the documents at a hearing, with Holder telling Issa he believes the department has released enough information. Issa responded by telling Holder, "You're not a good witness."
The panel is stacked in favor of Republicans, 22 to 16, so it's likely the committee will vote Holder in contempt, but it remains unclear where the charge will go beyond Issa's committee.
While Boehner backs the inquiry, he may not want to take the next step of having the full House vote on the contempt charge against Holder. Such charges are rarely prosecuted even when Congress agrees to hold a witness in contempt and Boehner has said repeatedly he wants the party to be focused on the economy in the months leading up to November's pivotal election.
Boehner issued a statement Monday warning Holder that Congress is prepared to act
"The Justice Department is out of excuses. Congress has given Attorney General Holder more than enough time to fully cooperate with its investigation into 'Fast and Furious,'" Boehner said. "Either the Justice Department turns over the information requested, or Congress will have no choice but to move forward with holding the Attorney General in contempt for obstructing an ongoing investigation."
Here's the full statement from House Oversight:
"For over a year and a half, the House Oversight Committee, with Senator Chuck Grassley, has conducted a joint investigation of reckless conduct in Operation Fast and Furious. With the support of House leadership, the Republican Conference, and even some Democratic Members who have expressed concern to the White House over the Justice Department's failure to cooperate, this investigation has yielded significant results. The Attorney General has acknowledged that the operation was fundamentally flawed and he has committed to take steps to ensure that it does not occur again. Evidence found in applications for wiretaps shows that although senior officials were given information about reckless tactics, they still signed affirmations that they had reviewed the investigation and determined that electronic surveillance of phones was necessary.
"Despite what the investigation has uncovered through whistleblowers and documents the Justice Department had tried to hide, the Committee's work is not yet complete. Attorney General Holder has failed to meet his legal obligations pursuant to the October 12 subpoena. House leaders reiterated this failure in a May 18, 2012, letter. Specifically, the Justice Department has refused to turn over critical documents on the grounds that they show internal Department deliberations and were created after February 4, 2011 – the date Justice issued a false denial to Congress. Contempt will focus on the failure to provide these post February 4th documents.
"The Obama Administration has not asserted Executive Privilege or any other valid privilege over these materials and it is unacceptable that the Department of Justice refuses to produce them. These documents pertain to Operation Fast and Furious, the claims of whistleblowers, and why it took the Department nearly a year to retract false denials of reckless tactics. The Justice Department's actions have obstructed the investigation. Congress has an obligation to investigate unanswered questions about attempts to smear whistleblowers, failures by Justice Department officials to be truthful and candid with the congressional investigation, and the reasons for the significant delay in acknowledging reckless conduct in Operation Fast and Furious.
"While the Justice Department can still stop the process of contempt, this will only occur through the delivery of the post February 4, 2011, documents related to Operation Fast and Furious and whistleblower accusations subpoenaed by the Committee. If the Attorney General decides to produce these subpoenaed documents, I am confident we can reach agreement on other materials and render the process of contempt unnecessary."
Committee consideration of a contempt citation is a debatable and amendable measure. Committee approval requires a majority vote. Contempt is a process for enforcing compliance with a lawful subpoena and does not assign blame for the flawed and reckless conduct that took place in Operation Fast and Furious.
Categories DDOJ, Eric Holder, Fast and Furious


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* Let's eat Baby Food!
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Posted inTechnology
Tech Execs Mixed on New Net Neutrality Legislation
by Reporter II January 22, 2015 October 30, 2020
Rep. Greg Walden of Oregon is chairman of the National Republican Congressional Committee, charged with keeping the House majority.
(Photo: Cliff Owen, AP)
Roger Yu and Mike Snider, USA TODAY
WASHINGTON (USA Today)—The fight over net neutrality played out in a doubleheader of Congressional hearings on Wednesday, with tech industry executives both supporting and jabbing at Republicans' newfound love of open Internet policies.
In a House hearing in the morning, key players who have supported the telecom industry told lawmakers that they favor keeping the Internet free from interference by Internet service providers, but labeling ISPs as public utilities would impose difficult burdens on their business.
If the Federal Communications Commission were to draft new ISP-as-public-utility rules –— often referred to as Title II, a provision of the Communications Act of 1934 — it would make it tough for ISPs to invest in innovation, they argued. Legislation enacted by Congress would be a better way to chart the future of the Internet, they said.
Some New Laws to Look For in 2019
Q&A: The Ins and Outs of Net Neutrality
In "Technology"
Fight Over Net Neutrality Is Imminent
Tagged: Congress, Internet, net neutrality, Silicon Valley, tech companies, tech firms


There are few people who leave a lasting, positive impact everywhere they go. Over the years, Seger has coached basketball and taught biology to countless Mississippi high school students. Seger has used every platform to mentor kids and inspire them to be their best selves.
Earlier this year, the Seger family found a new platform in a different country to continue their mission of helping kids – Uganda House of Hope.
Seger, 33, and his wife, Kelly (34), are the directors (same position as superintendent in America) of the house.
The Segers are in their eighth month of a two-year commitment to the House of Hope. Seger said they are staying indefinitely – waiting on God's instruction.
They were recently in Mississippi visiting with family and friends, but returned to Uganda in December. The Segers have two children, Caden, 7, and Braden-Parker, 4, and are working to adopt two Ugandan boys, Brian, 7, and Joseph, 4, by January.
Before moving to Uganda this April, Seger was the head coach at East Webster High School for the high school boys and girls basketball teams. He has always been known as fierce competitor who lived and breathed basketball. When he left his position as head coach to move to Africa, he left behind two potential championship teams. Both the girls and boys basketball teams had the talent.
For the average person, leaving your home state and moving your family to Uganda seems like a radical idea. For Seger, however, it was simply being obedient to God.
"We had been praying about moving to Uganda for some time," he said. "With kids and basketball, it was hard to wrap my mind around such a huge transition. The tipping point for me was reading out of the book of Luke one day.
To understand the impact that Seger has had on people in his life, look no further than his past basketball players. Before East Webster, Seger was the high school boys head coach at Hickory Flat for several years. He left a legacy there of being a great coach and community leader.
Hunter Mason, 20, was one of Seger's best athletes and closest friends. Mason, now a University of Mississippi student, explained how Seger's mentorship influenced him.
Mason said Seger also left a lasting impression on his teammates.
Seger served the town of Hickory Flat with his passion and hospitality. The relationships he built with players lasted beyond their time as player and coach.
Cox now works as a special education teacher for Saltillo High School. He said he was inspired by Seger to pursue this career path after he saw the difference one person/teacher/coach can make in a kid's life.
Seger said they are excited about opening a new school in April in Uganda. "God has blessed my family and Uganda in so many ways, and I hope that I am able to keep serving," he said.
The Seger family attending church.


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El Valle Pachuca-Tizayuca, también es denominado simplemente valle de Tizayuca es un valle a las orillas del Valle de Cuautitlán y el Valle de Apan, delimitado por la Sierra de Pachuca, este valle forma parte de la Cuenca de México; ubicado en el Estado de Hidalgo en México.

Se ubica al sur de la entidad, en el Sistema Volcánico Transversal que atraviesa México de oeste a este; constituida por montañas que cumplen entre funciones las de regular el clima y favorecer la recarga de acuíferos.  La altitud promedio en la región es de 2400 metros sobre el nivel del mar. Se encuentra ubicada entre los 20° 17' 02" y los 19° 47' 02" de latitud norte y los 98° 43' 00" y 98° 57' 08" de longitud oeste.

Durante la Nueva España, se le denominó Valle de Tlahuelilpan, a la parte que se extendía en las faldas de los cerros de San Cristóbal y la Magdalena, y en las márgenes del río Pachuca.

Delimitación

Es una región geomorfólogica distintiva que se localiza entre estas dos localidades, comprendiendo parte de los municipios de Pachuca de Soto, Zapotlán de Juárez, Tolcayuca, Tizayuca y Villa de Tezontepec. Este valle está orientado en dirección noreste-suroeste y presenta una longitud aproximada de 35 km por un ancho que va de 15 a 20 km.

A la región Pachuca-Tizayuca, también se le integran los municipios: Epazoyucan, Mineral del Chico, Mineral del Monte, Mineral de la Reforma, San Agustín Tlaxiaca, Singuilucan, y Zempoala, ocupando una superficie 2 105.99 km². Aunque unos de estos municipios pertenecen al distrito minero de Pachuca-Real del Monte y a la Sierra de Pachuca

Geografía

En general, se distinguen en los paisajes elementos relictos, conservativos y progresivos, que dan muestras de su continuo desarrollo y dinámica. Este autodesarrollo se produce en forma relativamente lenta, permitiendo los cambios y la conversión de un paisaje en otro. En la época contemporánea este proceso se lleva a cabo, bajo la influencia de la acción humana.

Los paisajes han estado sometidos a una fuerte y continua degradación y modificación asociada a la tala de los bosques y matorrales para el desarrollo de una agricultura de temporal, basada en el cultivo de maíz, frijol, etc. En segundo lugar el desarrollo de la minería especialmente en los alrededores de Pachuca, trajo como consecuencia una explotación irracional y el empobrecimiento de los extensos bosques de pinos y encino del área lo que condujo al desarrollo de fuertes procesos erosivos, desertificación, etc.

En el territorio predominan los paisajes del altiplano templado, subhúmedo, especialmente el desarrollado sobre depósitos algunos con agricultura de temporal sobre suelos Feozem, Cambisol y Vertisol que ocupan el 37.5 % del área y los de las montañas volcánicas altas, templadas, subhúmedas, específicamente las pendientes y cimas sobre rocas extrusivas ácidas y básicas con diversos usos que representan el 26.08 % del territorio.

Los paisajes menos representados y tal vez los que necesitan por esto mismo y sus condiciones geoecológicas extremas de una protección más estricta son: en las montañas volcánicas altas templadas, subhúmedas, en particular los paisajes de las superficies planas o muy poco inclinadas sobre rocas efusivo- sedimentarias y extrusivas básicas con bosque de encinos que representan solo el 0.01 % del área y los paisajes de las montañas volcánicas muy altas, semifrías subhúmedas solamente representados en el área en un 0.08 %.

Véase también
 Geografía de Hidalgo
 Geografía de Pachuca de Soto

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Paisajes de Valle Pachuca-Tizayuca
 Decreto del Modelo de Ordenamiento Ecológico Territorial
 Regionalización Ecológica del Valle Pachuca-Tizayuca

Geografía de Pachuca
Pachuca-Tizayuca
Geografía del estado de Hidalgo


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DEVILFIRE, Mallen, The Blacklist Saints @Academy 3, Birmingham, 27/8/2017
The UK's up and coming hard rock heroes play a hometown show
Back in the late 90s/early 2000s, when the internet was just beginning to take off, MV was in an online record club. Sort of like a modern version of the tape trading scene, a lot of the bands we had stuff from then specialised in downtuned guitars, but bubble gum hooks, bands like B Movie Heroes, The Chasers and countless more. If Changes One was still going then you can bet your life The Blacklist Saints would have been its current poster boys. Songs like "Keep On Fighting" or in particular their early material like "Reckless Choice" are exactly the sort of sugar coated harmonic boot to the nutsack that is as much fun now as it was then. "Last Way Out" – the first song they ever wrote – is a highlight as is "World For Company" which is turned into something of a gleeful singalong. "Amy Ray" from their new album, with its chunky, Jimmy Eat World style guitar work is bigger and with "Est 83" playing things out, there is much to commend their set. As the great Singer Songwriter Billy Bragg once said, "If you've got a blacklist I wanna be on it" and even though he probably never joined the same record clubs as we did 20 years ago, we'll borrow the sentiment.
Losing their vocals is probably not how Mallen envisaged this gig starting, but then, at least it proves they were live.However, they are nothing if not experienced these days and after singer Kelly eventually gets herself plugged in, the local five piece set about proving why they are one of the Midlands busiest bands. It's been a while since MV had seen them, and you can't help but be struck by how big the sound has become and also how polished songs like "The Other Side" are. That one is from a new EP due this year and will evidently be a leap forward for them. At their best when they are showing off their heavier side, "Your Own Worst Enemy" for example, packs a real punch, as does "Jack Of Hearts" which is probably their stand out moment. For Mallen, however, the best you suspect is still to come.
"We've played all over the place", says Alex Cooper, "but never here, which is mad considering we are from Birmingham." You have to say he has a point. That said, this is a hometown homecoming with a difference. Because Devilfire are in many respects just getting cracking. Their debut album is out at the start of October – we've heard it, it's a belter – which means two things. First this amounts to a warm-up, but second, most of the people here don't know the tunes they fill their 40 minutes with.
They soon will.
You can be sure of that, because they are huge songs with the intent and the swagger to bother arenas in the future never mind the Academy 3. The huge chorus to "You Gotta Revolution" is absolute proof. "Devil In Your Eyes" is essentially more of the same, while the single "She's Like Fire" knows its way around the 1980s hard rock scene just fine.
The songs on the record that will become favourites are all here, "In And Out Of Love (All Of The Time" is played for the first time here and allows guitarist Baz to showcase some real bluesy diversity.
There is no doubt though, about the standout highlight. "Waiting For A Rockstar" is far too big to contain, the best thing on the record, it is also the best thing here, and when it has been out for a while its true potential as a hit will surely be seen.
Like the band themselves though, it has a bright future. This (Devil) Fire, truly is only just getting started. Stand well back when they get into full flow this autumn.
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Taylor Swift's Tumblr is a primary destination for loyal Swifties, so it's natural for them to pay extra attention to what the pop star chooses to share and do on that platform. Especially this week.
Swift's fans went wild over the record-breaking release of the first single, "Look What You Made Me Do," off her upcoming album, "Reputation." But they went even wilder over the release of the accompanying music video, rife with allusions to her public feuds with everyone from Katy Perry and Kanye West to the music streaming business.
Since the full video's release on Sunday at the MTV VMAs, fans have been busy speculating on every possible allusion. Meanwhile, Swift has been pretty generous with her Tumblr likes, potentially shedding some light on the theories floating around.
Yes, she came for Kimye.
There was a single dollar in the tub.
She knows who her real friends are.
LWYMMD is for the fans and the haters.
Did you miss that Stream Co. ticker?
The media should take note, too.
She herself is the 13th snake.
She's tends to her grudges like little pets.


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THE FARMER THAT WANTED TO FLY
THE FARMER THAT WANTED TO FLY AND THE STORY OF LANCASTER 28
This story has developed as an extension to a simple family genealogy project started last year, on my wife's Clearwater family. When I discovered that Lynn had a distant cousin that had been a Lancaster pilot and was killed in 1944, I was intrigued, for most of my immediate family had been army or navy types and had survived the war. Ray Clearwater's story was not too unusual from thousands of other Canadian aircrew downed in service with Bomber Command until I started to sense that there might be some inconsistencies with the official story of the Ray's "plane being shot down" and the lack of conclusive evidence to what may have happened to Lancaster NF928 and it's crew members. After I added a page to my military books web site on Ray's RCAF service and story, I received a few inquiries. However, it wasn't until being contact by the great nephew of one of Ray's crew members, the mid upper gunner, Sgt. Richard Wolsey, that I realized that we should be taking a closer look at the man and his service in the Royal Air Force during World War II.
F/L RAY LLOYD CLEARWATER #J/16865, Royal Canadian Air Force
TRAINING AND POSTINGS
Ray Clearwater's story was not much different from the thousands of flyers that came from Canada's Western Prairie provinces during World War II except that he may have been a few years older than most. Prairie towns and communities like Rocanville, Carlyle, Big Valley, Selkirk, MacGregor, Holland, Consort and Roland all contributed to the growth of the Royal Canadian Air Force, after the start of World War II in 1939. Ray had taken over his father's farm in Welwyn, Saskatchewan in October 1935 after John Wesley Clearwater had died in a farm accident on October 11. The closest town from their south-west rural community was in nearby Moosomin, Saskatchewan and Ray now worked the farm as sole supporter to his mother, Catharine. According to the Air Force Estate form Catharine completed on October 23, 1945, Ray after being born in McAuley, Manitoba spent his first 7 years living in the area. Thereafter, apparently the family moved to nearby Welwyn for 12 years where Ray attended high school before returning to the family farm. The land in this area is flat, the crops are mostly wheat and other grains with some cattle. It is cold in the winter and dry in the summer. His five married sisters and older brother all lived in the area. At some point Ray had flown as a passenger and had about four hours flying time. This may have helped to convince him that he could best serve his country by joining the Royal Canadian Air Force in 1941.
On enlisting in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Ray told the enlisting officer that he "wanted to be a commercial pilot" when the conflict was over and didn't intend to return to farming. Ray lived to fulfil his dream of flying however in order to complete his goal, he lost his life over Germany with his 6 crew members, trying to defeat Hitler and the dreaded Third Reich. Questions lie with the fateful day of October 14, 1944 and the Royal Air Force's No.12 Squadron powerful presence in Operation Hurricane. This was Bomber Command's determined bid to annihilate the centuries-old commercial and industrial city of Duisburg in "Happy Valley", as the Ruhr Valley was infamously called. Was Ray Clearwater fully qualified to command the powerful four-engine, bomb-laden bomber and its crew of seven into battle? Did the bomber receive a direct hit anti-aircraft flak or did it fly into another close-by Lancaster on its path to the burning city by navigational or pilot error? Did another bomber drop it's explosive load on Ray's aircraft? Was Bomber Command justified in the mass destruction of an historic German city and thousands of civilians when it was obvious only the Allies, could win the war? We will try to explore some of these questions. Ray Lloyd Clearwater had been the grandson of Ontario pioneer, Edger Clearwater and nephew of Floyd Wellington Clearwater, former publisher of the Huntsville Forester newspaper, town councillor and Postmaster. Born in 1912, Ray was also the younger brother of both Robert Clinton (Bert or Clint) Clearwater, late of the 10th Canadian Mounted Rifles, who died in 1921 from complications of gassing in World War One and of Wesley Calvin Clearwater #3347566 who was classified as C-2, probably because he was considered a farm worker and served only in Canada during the war. Ray had a total of 7 siblings, he being the youngest son and was also the first cousin, twice removed, of my wife Lynn. John Wesley Clearwater moved his family in the spring of 1910 from Scotia Junction, Ontario (near Huntsville, in the picturesque Muskoka Lakes district of Ontario), to Manitoba presumably to take up farming on the fertile prairies. At the same time, his two brothers received Western land grants in north-east Saskatchewan and moved to develop new farms in Carlea in the Prince Albert area. After the death of Edgar Clearwater in 1912, wife Mary travelled west to live with her sons James Edgar and Jacob Stewart Clearwater. The bustling railway village of Scotia Junction is now the mostly abandoned community of Scotia with a few houses and little evidence of the thriving town, now long gone. The 135-mile Ottawa, Arnprior and Parry Sound Railway was built by Canadian lumber baron J.R. Booth of Ottawa, being started in 1892 and completed in 1898. It operated as a "feeder" railway to the Canada Atlantic Railway which connected Ottawa with the U.S. east coast, supplying Ontario white pine lumber to the world's export markets. The O.A.& P.S. connected Canada's capital Ottawa across the wilderness of Algonquin Park to Depot Harbour, on the shores of Georgian Bay. It crossed and connected with the Grand Trunk Railway's main line at Scotia Junction, that connected Toronto with the transcontinental line to the west at North Bay, Ontario. It is believed that Edgar Clearwater and several of his sons may have worked on the O.A. & P.S. .When the line was completed, the sons were encouraged to move west to explore farming opportunities, aided by Canada Land grants. Most of the tracks were torn up in 1975 and today, Scotia Junction is nothing more than a siding on CN's Toronto-North Bay mainline.
Ray Lloyd Clearwater applied to join the Royal Canadian Air Force on January 16, 1941 at the Recruiting Centre in Regina, SK and was accepted May 17, 1941. He had finished Grade 11 (junior matriculation) at Welwyn High School and was admitted into flying school. Some notables as stated on his attestation papers are as follows:
The family farm was located actually in Manitoba "just over the border from Welwyn".
Ray worked on the family farm "tractor farming" for a number of years after high school in 1929 and then from 1936-1937 worked in Red Lake, ON as a machinist's helper. He returned to the family farm in 1937 until he enlisted.
He smoked 15 cigarettes per day by his own admission.
His applicable was marked "sole support of mother-possible source of mental conflict".
The medical officer claimed that Ray's blood pressure was high due to nervousness and that he had a slow, rather hesitant manner.
Ray's height was listed as 6' 1 ½" with an athletic build –ideal for a bomber pilot that has to due a great deal of reaching.
One of the references given by Ray was Mr. A.J. Proctor, Moosomin, SK, the Saskatchewan Minister of Highways.
Ray officially changed his name on May 17, 1941 from Ray Lloyd Bouvier Clearwater to Ray Lloyd Clearwater – this was registered with the RCAF.
After attending the Manning Depot in Brandon, MB, he was posted to Carberry, MB for a short period initialization into the RCAF. Ray was then sent to No. 4 Initial Training School in Edmonton, AB from 03/07/1941 until 05/08/1941. He passed with a position of 83 out of 107 in the class, with a 76% average. All marks were good except mathematics, in which he received 53%. From here, Ray was posted to No. 5 Elementary Flight Training School in High River, AB from 08/08/1941 until 25/09/1941. Here he successfully trained on Tiger Moth bi-planes and passed with a 72% average, and a ranking of 20 in a class of 66. Comments included "good, average pupil, clean cut type, reliable, dependable. Conduct very good".
From High River, the next posting was to No. 7 Special Flight Training School (Multi-engine) in MacLeod, AB from 25/09/1941 until 19/12/1941. Here he flew the twin-engine Avro Anson. Sgt. Ray L. Clearwater was ranked 25th with a ranking number of 1641 marks out of a total of 2250 marks, and a 73% average. He was recommended for a commission, which he was not to see until February 26, 1943, after his transfer to the Royal Air Force. Comments were that "he has developed slowly into an average flier, is keen, mature, orderly and does work willingly. Lacking in self confidence. Should develop into good officer material with further experience". Iinterestingly, the top rated pilot was Sgt. Gerald B. Latimer, #R97566 of Vancouver, who graduated with a top score of 1809 marks out of 2250. Later to become Squadron Leader G.B.Latimer #J/9350 of 408 Squadron, he lost his life 29/07/1944 over Heide, Germany flying Halifax NP 716 and is buried in the Kiel War Cemetery. In fact of out of the top 5 graduates 4 were lost in the war and in fact, the majority, about 85% of the entire 58 were to be lost by August , 1945 according to the Commonwealth War Graves Commission web site here.
From MacLeod, and after a short leave, Ray was assigned to 1Y-Departure Depot in Halifax, NS on 20/12/41 awaiting departure on a ship to the United Kingdom. He embarked on 08/01/1942 and disembarked England on 20/01/1942. He was immediately sent on arrival in England to No. 3 Personnel Reception Centre in Bourmouth and on 20/02/1942 was posted to No. 1 Flight Instruction School at RAF Church Lawford, near Rugby, Warwickshire. After passing the short instructor's course, it was decided to assign Ray to No. 14 (P) Advanced Flying Unit as an instructor on Oxford twin-engine aircraft rather being sent on an assignment to an active squadron in Bomber Command. No. 14 (P) AFU was stationed at RAF Ossington, near Newark, Nottingshire (now abandoned) from January, 1942 until May, 1943. On May 16, 1942, he crashed his Oxford at 02:00 practicing night flying with the accident grounding him for several months with a broken jaw, facial lacerations, impaired vision and a concussion. He was operated on at East Grinstead's Queen Victoria Military Hospital and spent several months recuperating. This hospital was famous during World WarTwo for the treatment of Canadian RCAF burn victims by Canadian surgeon, Dr. Ross Tilley. As well, on March 17, 1943, Ray Clearwater was offered a probationary commission as a Pilot Officer in the Royal Canadian Air Force. On March 31, 1943, Ray was required to take a refresher Flying Instructors Course at RAF Brize Norton. Completing the course on April 21, 1943, Ray failed with the comments "below average capabilities". Late May, 1943 the No. 14 (P) AFU moved to Banff in north-east Scotland. Ray spent most of the time flying and instructing from the nearby satellite field, RAF Dallachy. July 10, 1943, Ray's commission was confirmed and accepted. It was here he was introduced to friends William and Agnes Ford of Buckie, Scotland. William was the agent for the North of Scotland Bank and ultimately, after Ray's death, disposed of his auto and many of his personal belongings. After repeated requests by Ray, he was finally assigned "active flying" status and on February 29, 1944, was assigned to No. 83 Operational Training Unit, where he was matched up with his future crew and given instruction on Wellington bombers and operational procedures and training. Finally, on June 6, 1944, Ray and his crew were assigned to No. 11 Base, 1 Group, RAF Lindholme for Heavy Conversion Training, which they received at the satellite station RAF Sandtoft with No. 1667 Heavy Conversion Unit and Halifax bombers. By August 9, 1944, Ray and his crew of six, were considered ready for operational service and assigned to No. 12 Squadron at RAF Wickenby in Lincolnshire which by this time were flying Lancaster MK I heavy bombers. At the same time, Ray was promoted to Acting Flight Lieutenant.
NO. 12 SQUADRON
July, 1944 Ray had requested and was granted, a transfer to an "in service" squadron. By mid-1943 and lasting almost until the war's end, Bomber Command had lost many of it's most experienced pilots. The need for good pilots, despite the British Commonwealth Training Plan, became so urgent that below average pilots might be given the benefit of a doubt, often with tragic results. Training time and solo hours were reduced so that the mass of incoming new heavy bombers could be flown. Ray ended up in one of the Royal Air Force's most historic and noble squadrons, No. 12 Squadron, located at RAF Wickenby, in Lincolnshire. No. 12 Squadron had been formed from a cadre from the RAF's original No. 1 Squadron on February 4, 1915 at Netheravon, Wiltshire. It proceeded to France in that year equipped with BE2c's bi-plane observation aircraft and fought on the continental until the end of World War One and continued in Germany until July, 1922, when it was temporarily disbanded. The Squadron was equipped with Fairey Battles and was stationed at RAF Bicester when World War II was declared. By 1941, the Squadron was equipped with Wellington bombers and in 1942 moved to RAF Wickenby. Shortly after No. 12 converted to Lancasters and thereafter continued to play a prominent role in No.1 Group's part in Bomber command's offensive until April 25, 1945. The Squadron's aircraft were coded "PH" – a few had "GZ". The Squadron's motto is "Leads the Field" and it's badge features a fox's mask, after the Fox aircraft it briefly flew in the 1930s and to signify the potential of fast daylight bombing. No. 626 Squadron was formed at RAF Wickenby, from "C" Flight of No. 12 Squadron, also equipped with Mk 1 Lancasters, and shared the airfield until the war's end. Their aircraft code was "UM". No. 12 Squadron still exist and are presently stationed at RAF Lossiemouth, in the north of Scotland, flying Tornado GR4 bombers and soon will be flying the new state-of-the-art F-35 Lightening IIs. They presently take regular tours of operation supporting coalition forces and OPERATION TELIC flying out of Qatar over Iraqi airspace.
Call-sign
Rear Gunner
Russelsheim
PH-Q
F/O Clearwater R. L. RCAF
Sgt. Berry J. A.
F/O Watts H. J.
Sgt. Clarke R.
F/Sgt. Price A. S.
Sgt. Wolsey R.
Sgt. Walton S. F.
PH-V
PH-X
PH-P
F/L Clearwater R. L. RCAF
Sgt. Berry W. M.
Sgt. Clark R.
F/Sgt. Watts H. J.
West Kapelle
Sgt. Berry W. H.
Saarbruchen
Sgt. Berry W. A.
F/Sgt. Clark R.
Sgt. Walton G. F.
PH-R
Ft Fredrik Hendrik
Duisburg (1st)
PH-S
Crashed in the general area of the target. All killed.
LANCASTER NF928
This aircraft was one of a batch of 400 Lancaster Mk 1 ordered from Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft (Baginton) and delivered from July 1944 to February 1945. It was powered with Merlin 24 engines from Baginton and Bitteswell. NF 928 was delivered to No. 12 Squadron on September 3, 1944. When lost, the aircraft had a total of 48 hours. NF928 was one of three No. 12 Squadron Lancasters lost on the operation – others were LL909 and ME788. It's major sortie up until the day it was lost was in the key operation against the German city of Neuss on September 23/24. Over 7,300 Lancaster bombers were built and used during World War II. Almost one half of them were delivered from January 1, 1944 onwards.
Operation Hurricane launched 3 separate raids on the Ruhr industrial city of Duisburg in the space of 18 hours. Duisburg was an important transportation hub as well as a producer of chemicals, steel and iron.
BOMBER COMMAND'S CAMPAIGN DIARY – October, 1944
These raids were part of a special operation which has received little mention in the history books. On October 13, Sir Arthur Harris received the directive for Operation Hurricane: "in order to demonstrate to the enemy in Germany generally the overwhelming superiority of the Allied Air Forces in this theatre…the intention is to apply within the shortest practical period the maximum effort of the Royal Air Force Bomber Command and the Eighth United States Bomber Command against objectives in the densely populated Ruhr". Bomber command had probably been forewarned of the directive because it was able to mount the first part of the operation soon after first light on October 14, 1944. No heavy bombers had flown operations for 48 hours and 1,013 aircraft – 519 Lancasters, 474 Halifaxes and 20 Mosquitos – were dispatched to Duisburg with RAF fighters providing an escort. 957 bombers dropped 3,574 tons of high explosives and 820 tons of incendiaries on Duisburg. 14 aircraft were lost – 13 Lancasters and 1 Halifax; it is probable that the Lancasters provided the early waves of the raid and drew the attention of the German flak before the flak positions were overwhelmed by the bombing. For their part in Operation Hurricane, the American Eighth Air Force dispatched 1,251 heavy bombers escorted by 749 fighters. More than 1,000 of the American heavies bombed targets in the Cologne area. American casualties were 5 heavy bombers and 1 fighter. No Luftwaffe aircraft were seen. 2 Bomber Command RCM sorties and 2 Resistance operations were also flown this day14/15 October 1944 Bomber Command continued Operation Hurricane by dispatching 1,005 aircraft – 498 Lancasters, 468 Halifaxes, 39 Mosquitos – to attack Duisburg again in 2 forces 2 hours apart. 941 aircraft dropped 4,040 tons of high explosive and 500 tons of incendiaries during the night. 5 Lancasters and 2 Halifaxes were lost. Nearly 9,000 tons of bombs had thus fallen on Duisburg in less than 48 hours. Local reports are difficult to obtain. The Duisburg Stadtarchiv does not have the important Endbericht – the final report. Small comments are available: "Heavy casualties must be expected." "Very serious property damage. A large number of people buried." "Thyssen Mines III and IV: About 8 days loss of production." "Duisburg-Hamborn: All mines and coke ovens lay silent." Not only could Bomber command dispatch more than 2,000 sorties to Duisburg in less than 24 hours, but there was still effort to spare for No.5 Group to attack Brunswick and 233 Lancasters and 7 Mosquitos, successfully destroying the city. As well 141 training aircraft were sent on a diversionary sweep to Heligoland, 20 Mosquitos to Hamburg, 16 to Berlin, 8 to Mannheim and 2 to Dusseldorf, 132 aircraft of 100 Group on RCM, Serrate and Intruder flights (no sub-totals are available), 8 aircraft on Resistance operations. 1 Halifax was lost on the diversionary sweep and 1 Mosquito lost on the Berlin raid.
Total Effort for the night: 1,572 sorties, 10 aircraft (0.6%) lost
Total Effort for the 24 Hours: 2,589 sorties, 24 aircraft (0.9%) lost.
Total tonnage of bombs dropped in 24 hours: approximately 10,050 tons.
THESE RECORDS TOTALS WOULD NOT BE EXCEEDED AGAIN IN WORLD WAR II.
Although Ray Clearwater was a F/L Pilot in the Royal Canadian Air Force, he was drafted to and flew with the Royal Air Force's historic No. 12 Squadron flying out of RAF Wickenby in Lincolnshire. The bomber squadrons of the Royal Canadian Air Force were mostly in No. 6 Group, all stationed in Yorkshire (north area of England) and they contained many of Ray's friends.
Their account in Operation Hurricane follows:
"One week later (Oct 14, 1944) No. 6 Group enjoyed a history making day in two huge raids on Duisburg (Operation Hurricane 1 and 2) at the junction of the Ruhr and the Rhine rivers. In two attacks, 2,000 aircraft of Bomber Command drenched the sprawling city with 9,200 tons of bombs, 500 more than fell from bomb-bays during the destruction of Hamburg in 1943, and only slightly less than the volume the enemy poured down on London during the whole course of the war. The Canadian Group's contribution to the saturation of Duisburg was a total of 501 Lancaster and Halifaxes over the sixteen-hour period of the two attacks. In the first run, made in daylight by 1,013 aircraft, the RCAF provided 258 participating bombers. In the night attack which followed, 243 of the 1,008 aircraft over the German city came from No. 6 Group. The result was chaos in Duisberg. Late that night the burning city could be seen from a distance of 180 miles as the victors flew home to Yorkshire. Losses were infinitesimal, only five aircraft in more than five hundred. Of these, four were lost in the daylight attack". Roberts, Leslie There Shall Be Wings, page 192
Here are the official RAF reports;
The highest number of sorties by Bomber Command aircraft in a single day, 1,576 are flown as part of Operation Hurricane, a maximum effort attack on Germany. In two attacks on Duisberg, 9,000 tons of bombs are dropped and 14 aircraft are lost."
Submitted graciously by Dave Stapleton creator of the 625 Squadron web site www.626squadron.org ;
RAF Wickenby, Lincolnshire
On 14 October 1944 operations were ordered for a raid on the Thyssen Steel Works at Duisberg located in the Ruhr area of Germany. RAF Wickenby provided 36 Lancaster from 12 and 626 Squadrons, 12 Squadron provided 19 aircraft. They were part of a main force consisting of 519 Lancaster heavy four-engined bombers, 474 Halifaxes and 20 Mosquitos. Flight Lieutenant Ray Lloyd Clearwater and his crew took off from RAF Wickenby at 06:37 hours, they were flying in Lancaster NF928 PH-S of 12 Squadron, "A" flight.
The crew were:
Flight Lieutenant Ray L. Clearwater J16865 RCAF – Pilot
Flying Officer Henry James Watts 153578 RAFVR – Navigator
Flight Sergeant Allan Selwyn Price 1273886 RAFVR – Wireless Operator
Flight Sergeant Robert Clark 1564949 RAFVR – Bomb Aimer
Sergeant William Arthur Berry 1868459 RAFVR – Flight Engineer
Sergeant Richard Wolsey 1402906 RAFVR – Mid Upper Gunner
Sergeant George Fearnley Walton 1448762 RAFVR – Rear Gunner
RAF Wickenby logbook records the following:
The weather on route to the target was 10/10ths cloud with layers up to 15,000 feet. A large gap in the clouds before the target enable crews to map read the last few miles up the Rhine. The bomb load was 11,920 lbs made up of 1 x 4,000 HC (cookie), 1 x 1,170 lbs and 150 x 30 lbs incendiaries. There was intense heavy predicted flak on the run up to the target and for some distance on the northern leg out of the Ruhr. No enemy fighters were seen. It is believed that no Pathfinder aircraft were used on the morning mission to Duisburg so because of the thick cloud cover, pilots, navigators and bomber aimers, would have easily lost their formations and separation.
Fighter Cover:
10 squadrons of Spitfires rendezvoused with the main force for the flight to the target.
10 squadrons of Mustangs supplied target and withdrawal cover.
Assessment of Attack:
Cloud cover during the attack led the Master Bomber to give the crews to give the crews a free hand and bombing was therefore scattered. Damage to the target included Thyssen Hutte A.G. blast furnaces, rolling mills, other industries, warehouses and dock side and rail side buildings. One unidentified Lancaster crashed into the Thyssen complex, presumably the victim of AA flak. Three Lancasters were lost from 12 Squadron and one from 626 Squadron with a total of 18 crew lost, three taken Prisoner of War and seven surviving a crash into the sea off the coast of Lincolnshire. The crew of Lancaster NF928 PH-S of 12 Squadron are all buried together in the Reichswald Forest Military Cemetery near Kleve, Germany. The crash site of Lancaster NF928 PH-S of 12 Squadron is not known, however it is most likely that it felt victim to the heavy flak on the run up to the target. Is it possible that either of NF928 or NE163 lost control in the other's slipstream in light of the absence of closed formation? Collisions among 4-engined aircraft seemed to be a common occurrence according to No. 429's Squadron Leader H.V. Peterson in The Dangerous Sky "while on a mission to Berlin 31 March, 1945, due to navigational and timing error the group of 100 Halifax's spread out on the bombing run, and attempted to close up to combine their firepower for defense. Unfortunately, several got into each other's slipstreams, lost control and collided. Peterson pulled up over two colliding aircraft and witnessed two other similar incidents".
The following Lancasters from RAF Wickenby were recorded as missing on the operation:
Lancaster NF928 PH-S of 12 Squadron 7 crew members were killed
Lancaster LL909 PH-Y of 12 Squadron 4 crew members killed, 3 taken POW
Lancaster NE163 UM-T2 of 626 Squadron 7 crew members killed
Lancaster ME788 PH-Q of 12 Squadron 7 crew survived, rescued from the North Sea
17 flyers were eventually found in the graves located outside the gate of Dinslaken Town Cemetery.
What happened to NF928 ?
While there is little we know the circumstances concerning the loss of Ray Clearwater, his crew and Lancaster NF 928, we do know what easily might have happened. Official German accounts could not be located after the war and were probably destroyed. There were eyewitness accounts however, of one large explosion and falling debris. Seventeen bodies were recovered in the immediate area and buried outside the Dinslaken village cemetery. Although a Lancaster bomber had only a crew of 7, later investigation revealed that 3 of the recovered bodies were probably from separate air incidents at different times and locations.
Mid-Air Collisions in Bomber Command
The incident of mid-air collisions, in one form or another, is well documented. Any time a large number, sometimes well over 1000 aircraft, occupy common airspace with a common objective, and with close to maximum cloud cover, there are bound to be mishaps and midair accidents, often due to lack of adequate separation. Often, Pathfinder aircraft are not used or their flare markings cannot be seen, if visibility closes in. The bomber aimer of the individual crews are then given full responsibility for finding the target and dropping the bombs. As well, bombs can easily be dropped onto another unseen aircraft. Visibility below from a heavy bomber is virtually none existent, even without adverse weather conditions! As well, there is archival black and white film footage taken by the National Film Board here in Canada, of both a heavy bomber dropping bombs on another below it and also of two heavy bombers colliding without adequate separation on their flight path. Glimpses of this footage can be seen on the CBC DVD The Thirteenth Mission.
Air Crew Shortages in 1944
Although Canadians hopeful of flying during the war far exceeded the number of enlistees accepted by the Royal Canadian Air Force in 1939 and early 1940, many were either accepted or put on waiting lists, sometimes not hearing from the enlistment boards for many months. Such was the case with Ray Clearwater. Many after being temporarily declined by the RCAF, decided to enlist immediately into the Canadian Army or Navy. However, later in the war and after huge losses faced by Bomber Command in 1942 and 1943, as well as increased delivery numbers of new model Lancaster and Halifax heavy bombers, the continued supply of fully qualified and trained air crew was being stretched to the maximum. Ground crew, who had expressed an interest in flying, were offered the opportunity to attend flight training schools. Flight training was reduced by several weeks, and marginal pilots that had been positioned elsewhere such as Coastal Command and as flight instructors, were drafted into active service with Bomber Command squadrons.
Other operations flown in October included sorties for Lucero (testing Oct 3), Texel (mining operation Oct 4), Emmerich (bombing Oct 7), Lucero (testing Oct 9), Lucero (testing Oct 10) and Fredrik Hendrik (bombing Oct 11). Saturday, October 14, 1944 was notable in Europe for another reason; it was the day that famed German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel committed suicide rather than be executed for his alleged involvement in the Hitler assassination attempt on July 20. On this day as well, the 2nd Canadian Corps, Canadian Army was attacking the Breskens pocket in its attempt to free the Schelt area and the Port of Antwerp for Allied use. October had already seen the first capture of a German city (Aachen), a revolution against the occupying Germans and freeing of Jews in Warsaw, and the meeting of British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Josef Stalin in Moscow, to set the stage for the division of Europe, when Germany had collapsed (not when!) The stage had been set for the end of World War II. His aircraft Lancaster MK I NF928 "S-Sugar" was lost approximately 1 kilometre south of Dinslaken on approach to Duisberg. Interestedly, a German eyewitness watched as "a large, 4 engine air plane exploded in mid-air at 08:47." 17 bodies were collected and buried in a mass grave at outside the Dinslaken churchyard. The aircraft, because of the thick cloud cover, were given "free rein" for the approach to Duisberg. An official document from the British Air Ministry claims that it was possible and probable that another Lancaster, Mk III NE 163, from 626 Squadron (RAF), RAF Wickenby may have collided or crashed into NF 928 at the same time thus accounting for only one explosion and the majority of the 17 bodies found buried in the area. There is also evidence that no German anti-aircraft batteries were in the immediate vicinity of the crash around Dinslaken, which leads further credence to the possibility of two loaded bombers crashing together on the approach to Duisberg, causing one immense explosion by the two bomb-laden bombers.
"Meerbeck and Rhein-Preussen lay before us. I waited for Mac's instructions. Already, smoke as black as carbon was billowing up from the first fires. Then, shockingly, the sky ahead was filled with smoke also. Two bombers had blown up together. One must have received a direct hit in the bomb-bay. The other had gone up with it. Debris showered out from the mushrooms. The larger remnants twirled gently down, trailing flames. There would be no survivors from 24,000 lb of exploding bombs and two thousand gallons of petrol. A few vestigial things – shoes, identity tags, some pathetic evidence of dissection – might be picked up by those scouring the ground below. Little else would remain from the fourteen lives, probably not enough to accord each an unmarked grave and the sacraments of burial spoken in a hated, foreign tongue". Yates, Harry Luck and Lancaster, page 184
***NOTES***
Normally, a "tour of duty" in Bomber Command consisted of 30 sorties (operational missions.) F/L Ray L. Clearwater and his crew had completed only 11 before they were lost.
Ray had five married sisters: Mrs.Mary Isabel Bevans, Carlea SK; Mrs.Lela Myrtle Brisbin, Garrick, SK; Mrs.Jessie Mildred Eger, Kipling, SK; Mrs.Elsie Irene Walton, McAuley, MB and Mrs.Vera L.Victoria Barkley, McAuley, MB.
The last known address I have found for older brother Wesley Calvin Clearwater was: 343-8th St., Brandon, MB (just down the street from the current Brandon Legion).
The last mailing address for mother, Catherine Jane Clearwater was: P.O. Box 33, McAuley, MB.
The John Wesley Clearwater family first rented and later purchased the family farm located East ½ 29-15-29 W1 in the Regional Municipality of Archie, near the settlement of McAuley, Manitoba.
In the 1990's, the province of Saskatchewan elected to name over 3900 geographic features within the province, after the 3922 Saskatchewan residents lost during World War II. In this regard, Flight/Lieutenant Ray Lloyd Clearwater has a bay on the northern shore of Lake Athabaska named after him, Clearwater Bay. Located 59 degrees 41' N, 108 degrees 38' W near Uranium City.
Saskatchewan's World War II Honour Roll lists Ray Lloyd Clearwater as coming from Weyburn, SK.
Ray Lloyd Clearwater has a listing in the Remembrance book They Shall Not Grow Old. Again, it notes him coming from Weyburn Sk.
Ray Clearwater is listed on both the Veterans Affairs Canada and the Commonwealth War Graves Commission data base and web site as "Roy" Clearwater.
The Dinslaken area of the Ruhr Valley was noteworthy later in World War II when the American Ninth Army crossed the Rhine River on a floating bridge at Rhineberg on March 9, 1945, as part of "Operation Plunder". Several headquarters were maintained in the Dinslaken area.
Dinslaken was the site of violent anti-Semitic riots at the Dinslaken Jewish Orphanage School on Crystal Night November 9, 1938 that has been well documented. On that night, all Jewish men in the town under the age of 60 years were sent to Dachau Concentration Camp, all Jewish houses were burnt down and the Synagogue was destroyed.
The Dinslaken Labour Camp, filled with female Hungarian Jews, was liberated on March 23, 1945 by the 29th U.S. Infantry Division.
Ray Lloyd Clearwater #J16865/R02287 RCAF Library & Archives Canada
Terry Barkley, Airdrie, AB (niece) tbarkley@telus.net
Shirley Black (nee Walton), Edmonton, AB (niece) blackian@interbaun.com
Don Guinn, Saskatoon, SK (12th Squadron) dguinn@saskenergy.com
No. 626 Squadron, RAF www.626squadron.org web site by Dave Stapleton
No. 12 Squadron, RAF www.12sqn.net web site
Bomber Command www.raf.mod.uk/bomber command/oct44.html web site
Marc Hall, Sevenoaks, Kent (great nephew of Sgt. Richard Wolsey #1402906, RAFVR)
The Ex-Air Gunners Association of Canada www.airmuseum/mag John Moyles
British Commonwealth Air Training Plan Museum www.airmuseum.ca web site
Wartime Story of F/O Fred Shorney No. 12 Squadron www.pd201.com web site
The Thirteenth Mission, Lancaster KB726, CBC Canada, Toronto DVD
Allison, Les Canadians in the Royal Air Force, Self, Roland, MB, 1978
Bashow, David L. No Prouder Place, Canadians & Bomber Command, Vanwell, St. Catharines, 2005
Blyth, Kenneth K. Cradle Crew, Sunflower Press, Manhattan, 1997
Broome, Frank Dead Before Dawn, Pen & Sword, Barnsley, 2008
Coughlin, Tom The Dangerous Sky Canadian Airmen, Ryerson Press, Toronto, 1968
Currie, Jack Lancaster Target, New English Library, London, 1977
Dunmore, Spencer Wings For Victory, McClelland & Stewart, Toronto, 1994
Mackay, Niall Over The Hills To Georgian Bay, Boston Mills Press, Erin, 1981
Richards, Denis The Hardest Victory RAF Bomber Command, Norton, London, 1994
Roberts, Leslie There Shall Be Wings, Clarke, Irwin, Toronto, 1959
Rolfe, Mel Looking Into Hell, True Stories, Arms & Armour, London, 1995
Thompson, Walter Lancaster To Berlin, Collins, London, 1985
Yates, Harry Luck and Lancaster, Airlife, London, 1999
When we visit our daughter and son-in-law again this spring in Belgium, we fully intend to both visit Reichswald Forest Military Cemetery as well as to visit the location believed to be the site where the remains of NF928 were found, south of Dinslaken, Germany. Greg, my son-in-law, is stationed at NATO's SHAPE with the Royal Air Force and he has a particular interest in this project as well. Unfortunately, it may never be possible to find out what actually happened to NF928 however, if nothing else, at least we now know more about Lynn's cousin, Ray Lloyd Clearwater, and the sacrifices he made to his country and family.
Latest News – May, 2008
Through Marc Hall and his German friend Sascha sascha@saschaweltgen.de fragments of a Lancaster bomber, believing to be NF928, have been found:
A message received from Sascha;
" I received official permission from a forest ranger called Hirschkamp, east of Hiesfeld, where the ranger has found some debris before. (Peter has identified one debris as part of a Lancaster). We found another five debris (lying above ground) within a huge area and it is possible that they also belong to an Avro Lancaster. If it is so-maybe maybe they could descent to the Lancasters of 14.10.1944. I have not checked the area with my detector till today but I will do so in the next few weeks."
The fragments are thought to be large lumps of aircraft fuselege and wing plus a fuel guage. Marc, Sascha and hopefully myself, hope to return to the area in on June 22. 2008 with metal detectors, voice recorder, camcorder and GPS. Will also look for one or more visual witnesses.
More Latest News – June 24, 2009
Message received from Marc Hall that he has located a Canadian eye-witness
More Latest News - November 11, 2009
Marc Hall has returned from a trip to Duisberg - "he met many eyewitnesses and found metal parts of KB 800 with a metal detector". He visited Stadt archive to view documents at Dinslaken. More to come.
I just found this post on another blog site - shocked that I had not seen this previously and was not aware of the tragic consequences of the bombing:
"Operation Hurricane
June 2, 2014 — Craig Mollekin
Operation Hurricane
In an entry on this site (http://goo.gl/StTPGL), I wrote about how a couple of my cousins died as civilians during the Sheffield 'Operation Crucible' Blitz of 1940. In contrast, in this entry, I write about how three of my German cousins died as civilians during World War II. To set the background as to how I lost English and German cousins in World War II, I'll explain that through the paternal side of my family, my ancestry can be traced back to Rhineland in Prussia (now Germany). My second great grandfather, Johann Mölleken, came to England with his family circa 1860.
My second cousin, twice removed is called Emilie Mölleken and she was born in 1906 in Hiesfeld, Dinslaken, Rheineland, Prussia. In 1932, she married Friedrich Gerhard Van Laak. Together, they issued three children called Fritz (born 1932), Erwin (born 1934) and Heinz-Dieter (born 1937).
Friedrich Gerhard Van Laak owned a house painting and pharmacy business in Hiesfeld. With tax-payer's money during World War II, the basement of this store was developed into an air raid shelter. This basement therefore always had to be accessible.
Hiesfeld
In the early hours of 14th October 1944, the Royal Air Force launched a massive 1000 bomber air raid, codenamed 'Operation Hurricane' on the German city of Duisburg in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The route of the bombers took them over Hiesfeld. At 08:46, Hiesfeld air defence made a direct hit on a four engined Avro Lancaster heavy bomber flying in at 52,000 meters altitude. Consequently, a second Avro Lancaster was also affected. The two bombers were due to hit the Hiesfeld air defence and their numbers were NF928 and JB297.
A reporter filmed this event out of another aeroplane. Because of the great quantity of bombs and the half full tanks of fuel that the bombers were carrying, the force of the explosions ripped the bombers apart and the cascading large and small debris scattered for miles in and around Hiesfeld. Several witnesses described how aeroplane and body parts fell from the smoke filled sky. Fires broke out across the entire of Hiesfeld. This was followed by sporadic bomb explosions. Several unexploded bombs also scattered around aimlessly. At several points dead Avro Lancaster crew members were found with unopened parachutes still on their backs.
Avro Lancaster
The Van Laak store was hit by falling aircraft debris and was completely destroyed by subsequent fire. In the air raid shelter underneath the store were twenty three civilians, all of which were killed. A fire-fighter, who was recovering the bodies there, reported that the lungs of the causalities were burst due to the huge explosion and pressure wave. They were found with bloody foam at the mouth but otherwise, their bodies were unharmed. The shelter did not collapse and so all of the causalities were found, still sat down. The inputs and outputs of the air raid shelter were filled in, during the explosion. Paint buckets caught fire and exploded which hampered the rescue attempts.
Near to the Van Laak store was a greengrocer's store and people had gone to buy cabbage that morning. Once the air raid sirens sounded, the people fled into the Van Laak air raid shelter.
Sadly, Emilie and two of her children (my third cousins), Erwin and Heinz-Dieter were killed in the blast. Their eldest child, Fritz (still alive at the time of writing) survived because he was in School.
All 14 crew members of NF928 and JB297 were recovered and buried in the cemetery of Dinslaken. In 1947, they were reburied in the Imperial Forest Cemetery of Kleve.
Special thanks are owed to my cousin, Hermann Mölleken, who provided details of this tragic account."
Bob Richardson
95 McCleave Crescent,
Brampton, ON L6Y 4Y9
mustangbooks@hotmail.com
LAWYER AND OFFICERS OF THE 3RD (TORONTO) BATTALION...