text:
Finite scheduling works – well
Finite capacity scheduling has taken some stick recently, particularly as the appetite for rival advanced planning and scheduling gathers pace. Annie Gregory looks at what's new and assesses reality and benefits
Remember when MRPII (manufacturing resource planning) fell out of favour? Suddenly every vendor worth its salt was selling ERP (enterprise resource planning) instead even if, to the disinterested observer, the systems looked well nigh indistinguishable. The same 'rebranding' exercise is clearly swinging into action today with finite capacity scheduling (FCS) and advanced planning and scheduling (APS). As a result technical distinctions are being lost under a general assumption that APS means 'leading edge, fast and superior' whereas FCS is a synonym for yesterday's technology. Typical is the comment of Ralph Seeley at industry watcher Cambashi: "FCS is the last resort of a company whose processes are tortuous, ill-considered and inflexible. It is an IT Band-Aid applied to a festering wound." Ouch! This judgement does, however, underplay two salient points. Firstly, after years of struggling with infinite capacity planning, any of the newer scheduling technologies – regardless of the name – comes like a visitation from a guardian angel. Secondly, many people actually using the 'FCS Band-Aid' say that it has brought an unprecedented level of order and productivity to their shop floor processes. The counter-argument runs that while they may seem to be doing a good job, because most FCS systems work in conjunction with MRP/ERP, they are merely compensating for the inherent idiocies of the core system, rather than curing them. FCS exponents ask where's the problem? MRP solves material problems and manages the overall plan, while FCS gets on with producing the detailed, 'do-able' schedule that supports it. Increasingly good two-way interfaces mean there is little delay or problem in reconciling the two. This is a split of responsibility that is fiercely opposed by some of the newer ERP vendors. They put the scheduling engine at the very centre of their software's operation, with a simultaneous handle on materials, production resources and labour. To them it is completely illogical to pin the workings of your business on a planning infrastructure that needs the contents of two separate 'brains' to solve a single problem, even if they are swapping information at a fairly high level. It's a bit of an over-simplification, but these two separate approaches to scheduling probably make more useful a start point than the uninformative APS/FCS label. So let's take a look instead at the advances being made in each of the two 'camps'. In doing this, I am deliberately focusing on the kinds of solutions that are within easy reach of SME manufacturers. There are some powerfully sophisticated and productive planning systems available today which optimise entire supply chains but the cost simply rules them out for the majority of companies within this sector. First of all, the 'bolt-on' approach. Many ERP vendors have chosen to go to the scheduling specialists. Some, like Symix, actually chose to buy their scheduling provider – in its case Pritsker. Others have supplied niche developments either as rebadged products or through partnerships and third-party sales. One of the foremost players in this market is Preactor whose scheduling tools work in conjunction with most of the major mid-range ERP systems. Its ability to produce capable scheduling solutions at extremely keen prices has seemingly left little incentive for many ERP vendors to develop their own. Indeed, it has recently introduced an advanced scheduling package, Preactor APS, that handles multiple constraints and material control for around the price of a good estate car! It harnesses complex rules to minimise WIP (work in progress) and job lateness with preferred sequencing to minimise changeover times and deal with wandering bottlenecks. It also has some features to help overcome the issues of dealing with multiple ERP/MRP systems. For example, it can take into account the availability of materials at any stage of the process, automatically linking orders together based on how a product is made and pegging material usage. Nonetheless, Preactor is an unashamed add-on. Anyone buying it will live with the issues of data interchange and if 'real-time' is your obsession, it is probably not for you. As, however, our box-item shows, there are companies of good standing who like eating this particular pudding! Some established vendors of Preactor have, however, recently taken a different tack. One of them is enterprise software vendor Fourth Shift. Its move is part of a wider game-plan, taking the best-of-breed route to supplying a web-enabled SCM (supply chain management) product suite. Using its existing ERP software as the backbone of the system, it has added a web-based configurator, and CRM (customer relationship management), field service and HR (human resources) packages, all from third-parties. It is also offering an APS product from Systems Modelling Corporation's Tempo technology. Though it has changed suppliers, Fourth Shift still maintains that specialist scheduling wins out over embedded technology any time. Sales director Simon Philpott says that the company has moved because the new licence agreements give it control over all 'relevant product development' and allow it to provide single-source support. Philpott maintains this route not only gives good proven technology but also overcomes the commonly perceived disadvantages of 'bolt-on' technology – the need for an interface and therefore a lack of 'real-time' activity. He says that dedicated development between the two vendors allows data from the two systems to be synchronised almost immediately. "You can do it for every 'what-if' simulation or even every minute, if that's what you want to do." He says there does come a point where the user actually has to commit to a schedule before launching it back into the ERP system but even a fully integrated approach requires the user at some point to change a simulation into a firm plan. SME ERP software developer Swan has also left the Preactor stable but for different reasons. Its recent acquisition by a German company (the combined UK organisation is now known as infor:swan) has produced some marked changes in product direction. Parent Infor has a marked preference to full integration rather than best of breed, particularly in planning and scheduling. The planning engine in its infor:com ERP product takes simultaneous account of available parts, machinery and labour, forward or backward scheduling from a resource list that combines bills of material and work-centre routings. In effect, this means that bottlenecks are likely to be flagged up sooner and can be 'unblocked' by a backwards run to start competing jobs earlier. In a marked departure from the classic MRP process, Infor:swan's Doug Miles says that the system can be run against individual sales orders rather than combined materials requirements, allowing much more flexibility in handling new or urgent jobs. The newer brand of ERP vendors goes even further in decrying the non-integrated approach. Maz Mohamedali of Lilly Software is scathing: "You simply can't bolt on scheduling because it's at the heart of what you do." Lilly actually holds the patent on concurrent scheduling of materials and resources and its development, Visual Manufacturing, treats the APS planning engine as a core component of its ERP software. Works orders, material requirement planning and resource allocation are all driven by the schedule. "Companies tend to believe that although their business is running well, they have a problem with sorting out their shopfloor. So, many of them regard a scheduling tool as a stand-alone way of treating a departmental ailment by ordering jobs to make a sensible flow. What they miss is the chance to take it one stage further by using it to make real business decisions. Like 'which job is worth more money to us' or 'which of these possible schedules is the one that will give us the most customer satisfaction?" explains Mohamedali. "For example, most schedulers say they consider materials and resources together, but what happens when you get a problem loading a job at a specific machine? With our integrated approach, I can instantly see in my scheduling window that the problem is not machine availability but lack of material at the time I will be loading it. I can click on the job to find out what it needed and drill down to the specific purchase order for that material. "I can chase the supplier or quickly run a couple of alternative scenarios to assess the impact of freeing up material by pushing back another job. I can even drill upwards and see which of the two customers makes us more revenue before deciding on the best schedule. In other words, I can get the whole picture. If you travel the conventional MRP/FCS route, you will probably have to go away and re-run MRP to see what material is coming in overall before you can even start reworking the schedule." Mohamedali admits that working this way makes different management demands. "The master scheduler will play with the software and come up with several different scenarios. Deciding which schedule is going to run may only take a few minutes out of each day but it becomes a business decision that could involve purchasing, sales and finance. It needs to be taken by someone who sees it from the perspective of its impact on the whole company rather than the capacity constraint of the shop floor. It's not a new need created by technology, it's a level of decision making that has probably always been there but has been obscured by the conventional ways of operating."
Boots gets better with Preactor Boots Contract Manufacturing (BCM), the manufacturing arm of the High Street chemist, uses Preactor at three of its factory sites and plans to expand to two more. BCM produces thousands of different products for Boots and other retailers. With some 100 manufacturing vessels in the Airdrie factory alone, production scheduling is complex and demanding. Preactor has been interfaced with BCM's existing systems (Hoskyns MAS/MCS/ MRP system and QAD's Mfg Pro). Work orders are downloaded from the MRP system on a daily basis. The planners work with Preactor to sequence the orders according to due date, either backwards or forwards, by using standard stock holding or Just-In-Time methodology and taking into account available machine capacity. As part of this process, an 'earliest start date' can be stipulated to ensure that over-prompt production does not increase finished goods inventory. "One of Preactor's several strengths is the way it takes account of plant availability," says Nicky Cox, advanced systems developer at BCM. If a line or machine breaks down, planners can quickly re-run the schedule to try to reconcile due date and reduced capacity. Preactor also takes account of labour availability, allowing casual labour and overtime shift working to be calculated according to workload requirements. Orders can be sequenced according to their 'physical attributes' (for example, white fill before blue) using matrices set up within the scheduler to minimise changeover. According to Cox, by scheduling for maximum productivity, Preactor contributes greatly to better customer service and improved profitability.
Wired for visual manufacturing Cambridgeshire based JDR Cable Systems makes sub-sea cables, hoses and umbilicals for the offshore energy industries. Its range includes communication and life-support links between divers and the surface. It is a highly diverse, make-to-order environment. Three years ago, JDR replaced a bespoke manufacturing control system and scheduler – described as 'a glorified spread sheet that didn't link into material on the purchasing side' – with Lilly's Visual Manufacturing. Technical director Patrick Kearney describes the difference it has made. "Visual schedules all our machines, operators and materials. It won't let you start a job unless there is capacity and materials so it keeps inventory and work in progress at a very low level. If a material isn't in stock, the scheduler lets you take the default time for normal delivery from supplier and schedule it, but at the same time it generates a list for the buyer to purchase the material. "We can re-run the schedule in under 10 minutes. Before we would probably have had a production scheduler working for a day and a half to do one 'what-if'. It made us reluctant to do it too often – now we do it several times a day. It helps us find better ways of handling normal and unexpected workload. We can see immediately how a late order will affect not only the schedule but also our turnover for the month. It means we can easily assess the options open to us in, say, contacting other customers to ask if a delay is acceptable, or seeing if the work justifies the overtime we will need to get back on track. "Every product is a one-off but we weren't learning from our previous work. With Visual, you build an engineering master with all the material, machines and set up and run times for the product. Once you have built it, you can go back and compare your estimate with your actual times and costs. It saves so much time."
FCS versus APS Finite Capacity Scheduling (FCS) tends to be used with MRPII. MRPII creates a master production schedule (MPS) of products to manufacture, and the plan is checked for feasibility against the capacity of a few key resources – rough cut capacity planning. Next you explode the bills of materials from the MPS to establish the schedules for manufacturing and raw material receipt. Using FCS, planners can take these plans and, with detailed information about manufacturing at each work centre, material availability and the rest, find feasible and even optimal schedules. FCSs provide graphical tools to let planners 'see' and move production orders between work centres, and find the best plan as situations change. But this is the point: strictly speaking, FCS focuses only on the capacity constraints, making no allowance for material availability as a constratint. In FCS this has to be determined separately after the production schedule. APS (advanced planning and scheduling) is different inasmuch as it tries to find optimal solutions instantly by solving for a variety of constraints simultaneously: classically materials and capacity, including specific human resources. It harnesses mathematical techniques like Linear Programming and requires today's modern computers so that all data is memory-resident for fast computation.
Author: Annie Gregory
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text:
Q: In R, why am I getting "Error in [: (subscript) logical subscript too long"? The below MWE Code 1 works fine, in calculating the sumproduct of 2 columns of numbers, with the sumproduct input matrix expanding horizontally to accommodate additional sumproduct scenarios.
MWE Code 2 below is a modification of MWE Code 1 to make the input matrix vertically expandable too, so the user can add rows of elements to be summed in the sumproduct calculation. When I run MWE Code 2, the code crashes giving me "Error in [: (subscript) logical subscript too long".
Why am I getting this error?
The images below illustrate the issue.
MWE Code 1:
library(shiny)
library(shinyMatrix)
library(dplyr)
library(ggplot2)

sumProd <- function(a, b) { # a = periods, b = matrix inputs
  c    <- rep(NA, a)
  c[]  <- sum(b[,1]) %*% sum(b[,2])
  return(c)
}

ui <- fluidPage(
  sliderInput('periods', 'X-axis periods:', min=1, max=10, value=10),
  matrixInput(
    "myMatrixInput",
    label = "Two columns to sumproduct are paired under each scenario heading:",
    value =  matrix(c(1, 5), 1, 2, dimnames = list(NULL, rep("Scenario 1", 2))),
    cols = list(extend = TRUE,  delta = 2, names = TRUE,  delete = TRUE, multiheader = TRUE),
    rows = list(extend = FALSE, delta = 1, names = FALSE, delete = FALSE),
    class = "numeric"),
  plotOutput("plot")
)

server <- function(input, output, session) {

  observeEvent(input$myMatrixInput, {
    tmpMatrix <- input$myMatrixInput

    # Remove any empty matrix columns
    empty_columns <- sapply(tmpMatrix, function(x) all(is.na(x) | x == ""))
    tmpMatrix <- tmpMatrix[, !empty_columns, drop=FALSE]

    # Assign column header names
    colnames(tmpMatrix) <- paste("Scenario", rep(1:ncol(tmpMatrix), each = 2, length.out = ncol(tmpMatrix)))

    isolate( # isolate update to prevent infinite loop
      updateMatrixInput(session, inputId = "myMatrixInput", value = tmpMatrix)
    )
  })

  plotData <- reactive({
    tryCatch(
      lapply(seq_len(ncol(input$myMatrixInput)/2),
             function(i){
               tibble(
                 Scenario = colnames(input$myMatrixInput)[i*2-1],
                 X = seq_len(input$periods),
                 Y = sumProd(input$periods,input$myMatrixInput[1,(i*2-1):(i*2), drop = FALSE])
               )
             }) %>% bind_rows(),
      error = function(e) NULL
    )
  })

  output$plot <- renderPlot({
    req(plotData())
    plotData() %>% ggplot() + geom_line(aes(
      x = X,
      y = Y,
      colour = as.factor(Scenario)
    ))
  })

}

shinyApp(ui, server)

MWE Code 2:
sumProd <- function(a, b) { # a = periods, b = matrix inputs
  c    <- rep(NA, a)
  c[]  <- sum(b[,1]) %*% sum(b[,2])
  return(c)
}

ui <- fluidPage(
  sliderInput('periods', 'X-axis periods:', min=1, max=10, value=10),
  matrixInput(
    "myMatrixInput",
    label = "Two columns to sumproduct are paired under each scenario heading:",
    value =  matrix(c(1, 5), 1, 2, dimnames = list(NULL, rep("Scenario 1", 2))),
    cols = list(extend = TRUE,  delta = 2, names = TRUE,  delete = TRUE, multiheader = TRUE),
    rows = list(extend = TRUE, delta = 1, names = FALSE, delete = FALSE),
    class = "numeric"),
  plotOutput("plot")
)

server <- function(input, output, session) {

  sanitizedMat <- reactiveVal() # < for vertical matrix expansion

  observeEvent(input$myMatrixInput, {
    if(any(colnames(input$myMatrixInput) == "")){
      tmpMatrix <- input$myMatrixInput

      # Remove any empty matrix columns
      empty_columns <- sapply(tmpMatrix, function(x) all(is.na(x) | x == ""))
      tmpMatrix <- tmpMatrix[, !empty_columns, drop=FALSE]

      # Assign column header names
      colnames(tmpMatrix) <- paste("Scenario", rep(1:ncol(tmpMatrix), each = 2, length.out = ncol(tmpMatrix)))

      isolate( # isolate update to prevent infinite loop
        updateMatrixInput(session, inputId = "myMatrixInput", value = tmpMatrix)
      )
    }
    sanitizedMat(na.omit(input$myMatrixInput))
  })

  plotData <- reactive({
    tryCatch(
      lapply(seq_len(ncol(sanitizedMat())/2),
             function(i){
               tibble(
                 Scenario = colnames(sanitizedMat())[i*2-1],
                 X = seq_len(input$periods),
                 Y = sumProd(input$periods,sanitizedMat()[,(i*2-1):(i*2), drop = FALSE])
               )
             }) %>% bind_rows(),
      error = function(e) NULL
    )
  })

  output$plot <- renderPlot({
    req(plotData())
    plotData() %>% ggplot() + geom_line(aes(
      x = X,
      y = Y,
      colour = as.factor(Scenario)
    ))
  })

}

shinyApp(ui, server)

A: Solution was to simply eliminate automated matrix empty column deletion under the single observeEvent() and modify UDF sumProd() to ignore NA's (added na.rm = T to sum() in sumProd()). NA's will arise in the matrix when sub-columns (groupings of 2 columns under each scenario header) are of unequal lengths, so ignoring the NA's resolves the issue. Also removed UDF sanitizedMat() and automated empty column deletion feature in MWE2 to simplify.
Revised code:
library(shiny)
library(shinyMatrix)
library(dplyr)
library(ggplot2)

sumProd <- function(a, b) { # a = periods, b = matrix inputs
  c    <- rep(NA, a)
  c[]  <- sum(b[,1], na.rm = T) %*% sum(b[,2],na.rm = T) # Added na.rm = T
  return(c)
}

ui <- fluidPage(
  sliderInput('periods', 'X-axis periods:', min=1, max=10, value=10),
  matrixInput(
    "myMatrixInput",
    label = "Two columns to sumproduct are paired under each scenario heading:",
    value =  matrix(c(1, 5), 1, 2, dimnames = list(NULL, rep("Scenario 1", 2))),
    cols = list(extend = TRUE,  delta = 2, names = TRUE,  delete = TRUE, multiheader = TRUE),
    rows = list(extend = TRUE, delta = 1, names = FALSE, delete = FALSE),
    class = "numeric"),
  plotOutput("plot")
)

server <- function(input, output, session) {

  observeEvent(input$myMatrixInput, {
    if(any(colnames(input$myMatrixInput) == "")){
      tmpMatrix <- input$myMatrixInput
      colnames(tmpMatrix) <- paste("Scenario",rep(1:ncol(tmpMatrix),each=2,length.out=ncol(tmpMatrix)))
      isolate(updateMatrixInput(session, inputId = "myMatrixInput", value = tmpMatrix))
      }
    input$myMatrixInput
  })

  plotData <- reactive({
    tryCatch(
      lapply(seq_len(ncol(input$myMatrixInput)/2), # column counter to set matrix index as it expands
         function(i){
             tibble(
               Scenario = colnames(input$myMatrixInput)[i*2-1],
               X = seq_len(input$periods),
               Y = sumProd(input$periods,input$myMatrixInput[,(i*2-1):(i*2), drop = FALSE])
             )
          }) %>% bind_rows(),
      error = function(e) NULL
    )
  })

  output$plot <- renderPlot({
    req(plotData())
    plotData() %>% ggplot() + geom_line(aes(
      x = X,
      y = Y,
      colour = as.factor(Scenario)
    ))
  })

}

shinyApp(ui, server)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Largest for-profit prison company in Florida threatens to sue Dream Defenders for anti-ICE protests
by Isra Ibrahim
Activism, News, Politics
GEO Headquarters in South Florida PC: wikipedia
GEO Group is the largest for-profit prison company in Florida and the single largest contractor for Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). GEO Group has an estimate of over $400 million invested in local prisons. As the Trump administration continues to detain and separate families, the company has become a notorious target for many anti-ICE groups. Now, they are threatening to sue Dream Defenders, a human rights organization working to end state abuses and police brutality.
A prominent Florida activist group, Dream Defenders has been singled out and served a cease-and-desist letter by GEO after many statewide anti-ICE protests. This past July, Dream Defenders and other Florida immigration groups demanded that the Florida Democratic Party reject all donations from for-profit prison companies.
The company claims Dream Defenders is using "false information" in organizing against for-profit prisons.
Attorney Carolyn P. Short of Holland & Knight law firm, which is representing GEO, issued a letter stating, "It is clear that Dream Defenders published knowingly false statements regarding GEO in an attempt to incite others to engage in potentially violent and harmful behavior directed at GEO facilities."
Short continues to say that Dream Defenders are defaming the reputation of the GEO Group by publishing known incorrect statements and their "proposed actions go well beyond the parameters of protected free speech (by) encouraging threatening and violent behavior toward GEO and its employees."
However, Dream Defenders published an informative response to all points made by the GEO Group.
"You had the audacity to allege that the Dream Defenders, a group of young people of color who are advocating for our basic human rights, are exhibiting 'threatening and violent behavior toward GEO,'" the group says in its response letter. "We are advocating the end to your harmful and violent carceral behavior, which countless news reports, lawsuits, and government investigations have already established."
Dream Defenders' letter continues, "GEO's CEO has highlighted the business opportunities that come with the Trump administration's immigration policies in calls with analysts… GEO not only maintains the physical walls separating inmates and detained immigrants from their families but has even profited off of the few moments of connection detainees have over the phone."
The group makes the point that complicity in unjust systems must also be protested, adding, "just because GEO is not directly responsible for sentencing or deciding which families to incarcerate, detain or deport does not absolve the company of participating in a racist system of mass incarceration that has its roots in slavery and Jim Crow laws."
activism, anti-trump, Dream Defenders, florida, GEO, GEO Group, ICE, protest, South Florida, Trump
Isra Ibrahim

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Johann Wolfgang von Goethe regarded Andrea Mantegna as one of the most outstanding artists of the Italian Renaissance. In Goethe's opinion, Mantegna's significance and unique approach were particularly apparent in the monumental series of paintings "The Triumphs of Caesar".
Three of the nine pictures of the cycle, which has formed part of the British Royal Collection since 1631, are being shown at the Gemäldegalerie as part of the exhibition "Mantegna and Bellini: Masters of the Renaissance". However Goethe was not acquainted with Mantegna's originals. His extensive consideration and evaluation of the paintings was primarily based on chiaroscuro woodcut reproductions prepared in Mantua during the last decade of the sixteenth century by Andrea Andreani. Goethe possessed prints of his own derived from these woodcuts.
The Kupferstichkabinett also has particularly fine examples of these delicately coloured prints in its holdings. These are being presented in a small, single-room exhibition, allowing visitors to reconstruct Mantegna's "Triumphs of Caesar" by means of both a complete, small-format version of the series, and Goethe's descriptions of it.


text:
Урсула Оппенс (; род. 2 февраля 1944, Нью-Йорк) — американская пианистка.

Начинала занятия музыкой у своей матери Эдит Оппенс, многолетней преподавательницы Маннес-колледжа. Затем училась у Гвидо Агости и Леонарда Шура, окончила Джульярдскую школу у Розины Левиной, изучала также ансамблевое музицирование у Феликса Галимира. В 1969 г. завоевала первое место на Международном конкурсе пианистов имени Бузони.

Оппенс выступает как последовательный пропагандист новейшей академической музыки в её наиболее радикальных проявлениях. Среди композиторов, чьи произведения (в том числе посвящённые ей) составляют основу её репертуара, — Лучано Берио, Витольд Лютославский, Дьёрдь Лигети, Конлон Нанкарроу, Чарлз Вуоринен. Оппенс подготовила запись и серию концертов фортепианной музыки Эллиота Картера к столетию композитора в 2008 г., её запись Вариаций на тему «Пока мы едины, мы непобедимы» Фредерика Ржевского номинировалась на премию Грэмми.

Ссылки
 Биография на сайте агентства Colbert Artists Management

Выпускники школы Брирли
Академические музыканты США
Преподаватели Бруклинского колледжа
Преподаватели Высшей школы и Университетского центра Городского университета Нью-Йорка

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Gone are the days where cosmetic surgery was the only available option if you wanted a nose job. Over the last few years, medical aesthetics researchers have made significant improvements in aesthetic treatments. This is evident when doctors are able to provide patients non-surgical options to enhance the nose without the need to go under the knife.
How Does A Non-Surgical Nose Thread Lift Work?
This non-surgical treatment uses threads made of polydioxanone (PDO). After assessing the nose, the doctor will start by administering anaesthesia so that the treatment will be more comfortable for you. When the anaesthesia sets in, the doctor will begin by inserting PDO nose threads precisely into the nose, where they act as a scaffold or structure to give the nose a higher bridge and better definition.
What Are PDO Threads? Are They Safe?
These special threads for the nose thread lift treatment are made of PDO. PDO threads are safe for use in the human body and the threads will naturally dissolve and absorbed, leaving behind a beautiful nose with enhanced contours.
These special threads need to be of a certain thickness for it to exert its full effects for the best result. Short, thin threads do not work well because they are not able to lift the nose well. On the other hand, threads that are too thick can possibly cause trauma and bruising to your nose and can leave a scar at the entry point. PDO nose threads with cogs are essential for best lifting results. It is very important that the doctor is discerning enough to select the nose threads carefully.
How Long Can PDO Nose Thread Lift Last?
A PDO nose thread lift treatment can typically last for about 12 to 18 months. You can repeat the treatment to further enhance or support the existing structure about 12 months from the previous treatment.
Everytime you undergo a nose thread lift treatment, the PDO threads stimulate the skin to encourage collagen production to maintain the structure and shape of the nose.
For best results, you should repeat the treatment about 9 to 12 months.
Any Risk or Adverse Side Effects?
Non-surgical nose thread lift treatment has less risk and downtime than rhinoplasty. Risks involving rhinoplasty include permanent scarring, nerve damage, or under- or over-correction.
There might be some swelling and minor bruising immediately after the treatment. However, these side effects should resolve very quickly in a matter of a few days. You can expect to make full recovery in 3-4 days.
PDO Thread Lift or Nose Filler?
Nose filler is a good option for people who want to make minor adjust to the height of the nose bridge and add some definition to the nose tip. On the other hand, PDO nose thread lift is best suited for people who want to create a better definition and contour the nose by building a scaffold to lift the nose.
For a complete nose augmentation, a combination therapy of nose thread lift and nose filler can provide a complete makeover for the nose. It provides the doctor the ability to create a structure for the nose to give it height and projection and sculpt the nose using fillers for more defined feature.


text:
What is the best way to use solar energy?
What is the most efficient method of using solar energy to produce electricity?
What are 5 ways we use solar energy?
How can people save money by using solar power in their homes?
What are the 2 main disadvantages to solar energy?
What are the 10 uses of solar energy?
What is solar energy and its uses?
How many ways can we use solar energy?
Why is my electric bill so high when I have solar panels?
How long does it take for solar panels to pay for themselves?
How much does it cost to put solar panels on your roof?
Why solar is a ripoff?
Why solar is a bad idea?
Do you still have an electric bill with solar panels?
The most intelligent way to utilize solar energy is to make use of direct sunlight through daylighting and passive solar heating technologies and then using the highest efficiency solar panels for the rest of our energy needs.
Let's explore seven common uses and benefits of sunlight in our daily lives.
Solar Electricity. This is one of the solar energy applications that has gained a lot of momentum in recent years. …
Solar Water Heating. …
Solar Heating. …
Solar Ventilation. …
Solar Lighting. …
Portable Solar. …
Solar Transportation.
Saving money by reducing your electricity bill by cutting down the amount of energy you use is no fluke. Solar panels give you the ability to save money by creating a natural source of energy that has the ability to power your home and heat your pool.
IMPORTANT: What is the expression for electric field?
However, solar energy does still have significant disadvantages which we should be aware of. The 2 main disadvantages of solar energy are dependence on weather conditions and the inability to store electricity. Solar energy output depends mostly on direct sunlight.
Solar Energy: 10 Major Application of Solar Energy – Explained!
(a) Solar Water Heating:
(b) Solar Heating of Buildings:
(c) Solar-distillation:
(d) Solar-pumping:
(e) Solar Drying of Agricultural and Animal Products:
(f) Solar Furnaces:
(g) Solar Cooking:
(h) Solar Electric Power Generation:
Solar energy is a renewable, inexhaustible and affordable form of energy. It can be used to cook food, heat water, and generate electricity. Furthermore, electrical energy generated from solar energy can be stored in solar cells.
There are three main ways to harness solar energy: photovoltaics, solar heating & cooling, and concentrating solar power.
Solar power systems are finite resources—they can only produce so much energy consistent with the size of the system, and most utilities limit system size to the historical energy usage average at the site.
There are several factors that affect the combined costs and combined benefits of going solar. The average time it takes solar panels to pay for themselves is between 6-10 years for most homeowners.
IMPORTANT: What are the costs of using hydropower?
The cost of solar installation varies according to the type of installation, equipment and solar panels. Usually, it ranges from Rs 40,000 to Rs 6,00,000.
Companies have misled consumers about the true costs of installing solar panels, provided shoddy craftsmanship, and left homeowners with higher utility costs, all while forcing them to sign unconscionable contracts that leave little possibility of recourse. … Two companies in particular stand out: Vivint and SolarCity.
New research shows, albeit unintentional, that generating electricity with solar panels can also be a very bad idea. In some cases, producing electricity by solar panels releases more greenhouse gases than producing electricity by gas or even coal.
In summary, yes, you will still receive an electric bill when you install solar panels. Importantly, the bill may not ask you to pay anything, and may simply indicate how your usage was offset by net metering credits for the month.


text:
Egyptian film icon Omar Sharif has Alzheimer's
Son of Egyptian actor Omar Sharif confirms the 83 year old has Alzheimer's disease
Ahram Online , Sunday 24 May 2015
Omar Sharif in Al Mosafer (Photo: Al Ahram)
Legendary Egyptian actor Omar Sharif has Alzheimer's disease, his son, Tarek, has confirmed.
The 83-year-old star, now retired, has been struggling with the disease for three years, according to his son in an interview with Spanish newspaper El Mundo.
Tarek Sharif tells El Mundo: "My father has Alzheimer's. It's difficult to determine what stage it's at. It's obvious he'll never improve and it will get worse."
He also points to the incidents of Sharif confusing facts and people, especially in more recent years.
"He still knows he's a famous actor. The loss of memory affects above all specific things, details like when he was in a specific place or who he acted with in a specific film. He remembers for example that it was Doctor Zhivago but he's forgotten when it was filmed," his son says.
According to the Telegraph, translating El Mundo's article, the star does not recognise his illness, and refuses to do exercises that help slow the advancement of Alzheimer's.
Tarek Sharif is the actor's only child, from his father's only wife, actress Faten Hamama. He acted alongside Sharif in Doctor Zhivago (1965), in which he was also his son, aged eight at the time.
Omar Sharif played an Alzheimer's patient in I Forgot to Tell You, a French film produced in 2009.
Known in Hollywood for his two hit films Doctor Zhivago and Lawrence of Arabia, Sharif acted in 118 films throughout his career, starting with Shaytan Al-Sahra (Devil of the Desert) in 1954.
His long illustrious career included a plethora of now-classic Egyptian films, such as Siraa Fil-Wadi (Struggle in the Valley) and Esha'et Hob (Love Rumour), as well as international productions including Funny Girl, Che! and Hidalgo, and even two French TV mini-series.
More recently he appeared in the 2013 film Rock the Casbah, also starring Nadine Labaki, and is narrator for a short animation currently in post-production titled 1001 Inventions and the World of Ibn Al-Haytham.
Omar El-Sharif
Verne Christensen
I met him.
I had the pleasure of having dinner with him in Kansas City many years ago. A kinder and more charming person I've never met.
They don't come like this anymore
A great Egyptian artist, legend, and gentleman …


text:
package demo.d6;

import fi.jyu.mit.ohj2.*;

/** Laiva -luokka, joka peritään Kulkuneuvoista.
 * @author Joonas Hellsten
 * @version 22.02.2016
 * */
public class Laiva extends Kulkuneuvo {
    private double korkeus;

    /** Konstruktori, joka alustetaan nopeudella ja matkustajilla, kuten
     * kulkuneuvoissa, mutta lisäksi huomioidaan korkeus.
     * @param nop Laivan nopeus.
     * @param matkustajatLkm Matkustajien lukumäärä.
     * @param korkeus Laivan korkeus.
     * */
    public Laiva(int nop, int matkustajatLkm, double korkeus) {
        super(nop, matkustajatLkm);
        this.korkeus = korkeus;
    }

    /** Testipääohjelma.
     * @param args Ei käyt.
     * */
    public static void main(String[] args) {

    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Songkran Vacation from Hell
Written by Melo
I became friends with Sam (*all names have been changed) through a social networking website. It started off as nothing romantic at first, just normal chit-chat about life and things in general. I found him intelligent, honest about his past and a very good listener. I even asked him advice about my situation with Mr. PO which I wrote about in my first submission to Stick's website. We found that we had a lot of the same opinions on many things, such as politics and our views on life. It was strange to be communicating with someone I've never actually met but felt as if I was talking to an old friend. We even talked about the fact that we're not even pretending to flirt because it wasn't mine or his intention to start a long distance relationship. We simply just enjoyed talking and chatting to each other.
Sam lives in Phuket and does freelance work translating documents. My friends and I had been planning to go to Phuket for our Songkran break for a couple months so I called my new friend Sam up and asked if he would like to meet for a few drinks when I arrived in Phuket. The first time we met we got on really well. Our conversations were even better in person than over the phone. I felt a connection between us (or maybe it was just the Sangsom). We kissed that night and then he said something that I should've taken as a warning sign. He told me he was falling in love with me, 3 hours after meeting me for the first time.
That should've been a sign to run for the hills, but me being an idiot and a hopeless romantic, got flattered and decided to ignore the signs. It was just like the movies! All romantic and spontaneous. The next day he called and asked me if I wanted to go on a ride around the island with him. I debated with myself for a while. I usually don't go off on spontaneous trips with strangers let alone a man I just met online, but then I figured there would be no harm in going since it was during the day and I had plans to meet up with my friends for dinner and drinks afterwards anyway. And besides, I was on vacation!!! I'm young, and I should live a little.
The day we spent together started off great. We had lots of fun together and I invited him along to meet some of my friends and he even got along pretty well with my friends (or so it seemed at that point to me anyway). We were playing cards in a couple of my friends' hotel room after dinner and maybe Sam had a bit too much to drink but when the two of us went out on the balcony for a smoke, he started freaking out and crying.
By that point I was a bit tipsy but quickly sobered up at the sight of a 28 year old man crying like a baby. He started going on about how he feels like I am having second thoughts about him. I told him that we had just met and there was nothing to discuss at that point, but to get to know each other better. He said he wanted to move to Bangkok to be closer to me and that he really wants to meet my family. I told him that I usually don't bring people I just met to meet my family. It would have to be a long-term serious relationship with potential for a marriage for a meeting like that. Then he started going on about how whenever he finds the perfect person he loves he always loses them and that if things don't work out between us he will go and enter the monkhood.
At this point, I'm really worried this guy might throw himself off the balcony, because he was standing way too close to the edge and crying non-stop. I gently pulled him away from the balcony, told him to sit on a chair and tried to listen and tried to help him through this melt-down. Then he said that he knows that after we leave this hotel room I would go back to my hotel room and never see him again, and that he would have to face this night alone, then he proceeded to cry even harder. (I guess looking back that was just a manipulative way to get me to go back to his place)
So, me being an idiot (again), once again felt so much pity and was concerned for this clearly unstable man that I agreed to go back with him. When I went back inside the room I told my friend Alicia and her boyfriend Richard that I would be going back with Sam tonight. Alicia gave me a worried / WTF-are-you-thinking-look and I assured her I wouldn't have sex with him that night or any night for that matter. I didn't tell her the reason why though. It was simply because I wasn't attracted to him anymore. I mean, come on, I had just seen the man cry like a baby and professing his undying-love for me 24 hours after we met. And that, ladies and gentlemen, does not make any man sexy, even if they could pass for Brad Pitt's twin or Beckham. (Well, maybe Beckham, if he had voice deepening surgery).
So Sam and I left my friends' room and headed off for a couple of beers before heading back to his place. We went to some bar that reminded me somewhat of Pattaya and other red-light districts. We met some of his friends who were clearly either drug dealers or bargirls or both, but they were actually very nice people who just happened to be involved in the illegal businesses. (Yes, I know another clear sign to get out!!!)
At the bar, he kept telling me he really loved me and I told him that maybe he was just infatuated and told him that to be honest I was still hung up over someone else, (Mr. PO), but that we could be friends and I would be willing to listen to his problems like before. He seemed ok with that and he thanked me for being honest and for being a friend to him. I felt happy that we could be honest and clear the air so that I wouldn't have to witness another breakdown. And he seemed like a nice guy, just unstable who maybe just needed a friend. Little did I know…
We left the bar around 2 am and headed out on his bike to get something to eat. I asked him after we had gotten our food if he was ok to drive because he had a few to drink and driving in Phuket can even be dangerous during the day and when the driver is sober. He assured me he has never crashed his bike when he had a passenger riding in the back. As soon as he said that I felt us crash into something.
The next thing I knew I was on the floor, bleeding profusely from my right knee. The other bike that cut in front of the bike Sam and I were on was lying next to me. The passenger of the other bike laid on the ground about a meter away from me and I don't think I'll ever forget her face. She was in shock and in pain and apparently couldn't move since her hips were broken. Sam was running around, bleeding everywhere from his head to his arms to his foot. After that I couldn't remember anything much except lots of locals gathering around us and offering me those inhalers because apparently I looked like I was going to faint. I've never been in an accident before and was shaking uncontrollably. One thing I do remember was that Sam kept saying he was sorry and that he loves me and he feels terrible. I remember thinking that all I wanted from him as for him to shut up and leave me alone.
When we got to the hospital the police were already there. They kept questioning Sam, asking him how many drinks he had to drink that night. They gave him a breathalyzer test and he didn't pass. He'll have to go to court and pay a fine. The people who owned the bike that cut in front of us offered to pay for our hospital bills and clear the drunken driving charges against Sam if we didn't press charges against them. At that point I could care less about what happened. I just wanted this to be over with and go back to my hotel room and sleep.
We went to the police station and the whole ordeal took about 3 hours to clear. I asked the policeman if I could call a taxi to get back to my hotel, but he told me that it was late and my hotel was quite far so maybe I should stay with the farang tonight. When Sam heard that I was planning to go back to the hotel he started freaking out. He begged me to go back so we could talk about what happened. I told him that there was no point. I wasn't mad at him because it was an accident and there was nothing left to discuss. He wouldn't let me leave and I couldn't find a taxi back so I told him I'm only staying till morning and then I'm leaving as soon as the sun is up. I made sure to let the police know I was leaving with Sam, just in case something happened because they know where he lives.
At his place he kept going on about how this was an accident and it wasn't his fault and that he was sorry. He said he thinks I've changed since the accident. My adrenaline from the shock I experienced was coming down and I was too tired to talk so I just went to try to sleep. He cried the whole night, sobbing into my T-shirt and begging me not to give up on him. It was literally one of the worst nights on my life. He told me he will move to Bangkok to be with me, if that's what I wanted. I considered telling him a lie, because I was actually afraid he might actually kill me and hide my body under his bed or turn me into a lamp shade, but instead I simply told him no, I don't want him to move to Bangkok, and no I don't want a relationship with him. I asked him if he wanted me to leave but he said it was alright and that I could rest here until the morning. He said he understood me and that he wishes nothing but the best for me. He kept talking and crying the whole night until he passed out from crying too much. (My T-shirt was literally soaking wet by the time he stopped crying.)
The next morning he tried to kiss me and told me he loves me, I told him to stop with this love shit already and that we already discussed that last night. I got up and thanked him for letting me crash (pun not intended) at his place for the night and that I should get back to my friends and my hotel. He got angry and started throwing things, saying, and I quote, "that he has lost all faith in humanity" I left as fast as my wounded knee would allow me to hobble down the stairs and tried to look for a taxi. Some really nice woman working at a restaurant near by saw me wandering around so they offered to call a taxi and gave me some water to drink while I waited. The local Phuket people are actually very nice and helpful, which surprises me since in Bangkok, hardly anyone does anything to help strangers without expecting something in return. They probably felt sorry for this disheveled, bleeding and limping girl.
On the ride back to the hotel I reflected on everything that had happened. It wasn't all entirely Sam's fault; it was mine for not having better judgment and common sense to not go with a perfect stranger who turned out to be unstable and borderline suicidal. For the first time since the accident, I started crying, letting all the tension and fear out of my system. The taxi driver must have thought I was heart broken because he quickly turned off the radio that was playing a sad love song. I learned a lesson at a very risky cost this time, and intend on never making the same mistakes again. Life is too precious to throw away for something I know nothing about. I also vowed to myself never to feel responsible for another person's life ever again; pity only makes it worse and nothing good ever comes out of it. I will never again put myself in that kind of position, I'm just disappointed in myself that I had let things get so bad and had to learn this lesson in this way.
I was never happier to see my friends. Alicia and Richard were supportive and made me realize many things about the situation. I felt like I had been lucky this time. It could've been a lot worse. Alicia told me that both Richard and she were worried about me leaving with Sam that night. Alicia told me didn't really like Sam; she thought he was a bit obsessed, unstable and got a bad vibe from him, but she knows me pretty well, we've been friends for 10 years and she knew I could take care of myself. Richard said he thought Sam seemed alright and didn't seem to have violent tendencies but was just a bit depressed, that was why he didn't warn me when I told them I was going to go back with Sam that night.
Sam called a couple times that day and I ignored all his calls. When I got back to Bangkok the first thing I did was delete and block his MSN and deleted my account from that website that started off what seemed the be a beautiful friendship, even potential relationship and ended up into a vacation from hell.
What a terrible holiday. Sure, you put yourself into a dangerous situation but that Sam character sounds like an absolute nut job.
The Koh Bang Rollercoaster


Obtaining an investment license is the same for all non-Afghans. This type of license is issued only to foreign investors interested in operating within Afghanistan. The procedures are different with regard to registration of the company as a separate entity or a branch of a foreign company. The procedures for Trade, NGO and trade union licenses are also mentioned below.
Experience letter of both president and vice president (if it is consultancy or legal services).
In order to obtain a "Trade" Business License (for import/ export activities) follow all the above stated procedures and steps, with the following exception: Instead of getting the license from AISA, you will obtain the license from the Ministry of Commerce and Industry's Business Licensing Department.
In order to obtain an NGO license follow all the steps, with the following exception: Instead of getting the license from AISA, you will obtain the license from the Ministry of Economy.
Follow the same steps, with the following exception: Instead of getting the license from AISA, you will obtain the license from the Ministry of Justice.
For investors applying for new license of consultancy and legal services company: Both the president and vice president must have a Master's Degree and 5 years' experience in the relevant field, or Bachelor degree and 10 years' experience in the relevant field.
For investors applying for new license of audit company: Both the President and Vice president must have ACCA or a CA Degree and 2 years' experience in the relevant field.


Bseated Global is a leading supplier of commercial banquet chairs, especially to the Australian market. We have a huge range of banquet chairs which are both high quality and functional with comfort in mind for both formal and casual events. The right furniture is vital for a successful event, and so our banquet chairs can be completely customised to suit your vision. We offer a range of styles for you to build upon, starting with standard banquet chairs and stacking banquet chairs. There is an incredible array of options available to you, including the most popular colours which are our black stacking chairs, metal, wooden, and gold banquet chairs. We are happy to help guide your choices to seat a variety of customers and guests and exceed their expectations. Bseated has successfully completed a vast amount of projects containing banquet chairs, including in hotels, conferences, banquet rooms, and other commercial settings. View our banquet chairs below, or contact us with custom designs which we are more than capable of fulfilling. We are known for our custom commercial furniture and our banquet chairs are no exception.


text:
Three more in quarantine for Ebola in Spain
By EUobserver
Doctors in Madrid have been testing three people for Ebola after a Spanish nurse became the first person known to have contracted the deadly virus outside West Africa, reports the BBC. Some 52 others are being monitored. The EU has asked Spain for more information on the cases.
Share Ticker
'Hundreds' of Russian mercenaries in Mali, EU confirms
Russia already has "hundreds" of mercenaries in Mali, but there was no sign they were using EU-trained Malian soldiers, an EU spokesperson has said.
Euro countries start haggling on fiscal rules
The commission is expected to come forward with concrete proposals in the next months, and the debate is likely to heat up in June.
New doubts raised on tracking ads ahead of key vote
Investors and small businesses are not, in fact, as keen on tracking-based online adverts as Big Tech's lobbying efforts have claimed, new research revealed on Monday, ahead of this week's plenary vote on stricter rules for online platforms.
Time to stop China's economic hostage-taking of Lithuania
Simply opening the Taiwanese Representative Office in Lithuania's capital, Vilnius, sparked a large-scale expansion of China's economic warfare against democracies. China's actions amount to a fundamental attack on the DNA of the European Union: the internal market.
James Kanter, Shada Islam are new editors at EUobserver
James Kanter becomes new editor-in-chief of EUobserver - Shada Islam will be editor of the EUobserver magazine.


There are girls that you can't overlook. Because these girls have such an eye-catching look, like Laura. She's probably one of our favourite new faces at the boards from several well known agencies. Laura stands definitely out with her special features and her curly red hair. She has a well formed face, lovely freckles, blue piercing eyes and a gaze, which is to describe with melancholy and softness. Laura has a silhouette of 175m. (80-60-90). She's with Just WM in Paris and was discovered by My Models in Luxembourg. Have a look on her single pictures, which were done by Marc Laroche. Laura's attitude and expressions are huge. There is no single doubt in her. It's just the beginning of a brilliant future with Laura.


text:
(en abréviation I.D.) est une chaîne de télévision canadienne de catégorie B appartenant à Bell Media spécialisée dans la diffusion de documentaires reliés à des investigations criminelles (principalement des meurtres) et autres documentaires reliés aux crimes.

La chaîne est une déclinaison de la version américaine.

Histoire
Après avoir obtenu sa licence auprès du CRTC en 2000 pour le service ,  (LSTA) (une société contrôlée par ) a lancé  le  et a remplacé la version américaine qui était distribué au Canada et diffusait des émissions provenant de son équivalent américain.  aux États-Unis a changé de nom en 2008 pour TruTV mais le service canadien a continué d'utiliser le même nom.

CTVglobemedia a fait l'acquisition de la chaîne lors de son achat de  le .

Après avoir signé un contrat de longue durée avec , CTV a annoncé le  le changement de nom effectif pour  effectif le .

Bell Canada a fait l'acquisition de CTVglobemedia le  et a renommé la compagnie pour Bell Media.

Bell Media a lancé une version haute définition de la chaîne le .

Références

Voir aussi
 , chaîne américaine

Lien externe

Chaîne de télévision au Canada
Bell Média
Chaîne ou station de télévision fondée en 2001


text:
New systemic review about medical cannabis and migraine
What is migraine?
Migraine is a common disorder that is characterized by recurrent headaches lasting from four to seventy-two hours. These headaches can be accompanied by aura, which is a visual disturbance that precedes or accompanies the headache. Migraine headaches are often triggered by environmental and hormonal factors and can be treated with medications such as triptans, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol, ergots, opioids, and antiemetics. However, many of these medications have side effects, which has led to a halt in the research and development of new anti-migraine drugs.
As an alternative treatment option, some people with migraines have turned to medical cannabis.
In 2022, a group of researchers from the California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology conducted a systemic review of nine studies that included a total of over 5,600 subjects. Here is the summary of their reports:
THC, a component of medical cannabis, works on the cannabinoid receptor one (CB1R) to repair pathways in the brain that are related to migraines. It does this by activating the endogenous G-protein-coupling receptor (GPCR) and inhibiting the G-protein-coupling receptor 55 (GPR55), which may help to calm the brain and reduce migraines. This is thought to be due to the role of magnesium levels and glutamate in the brain during migraines.
The endocannabinoid system, which is a network of signaling pathways in almost all cell types that helps to maintain balance in the body, may also be involved in the development of migraines and has lower levels of a neurotransmitter called anandamide in people with chronic migraines.
Studies and discussion
Several studies have examined the effectiveness of medical cannabis in the treatment of migraines.
In a retrospective study of 121 patients in Colorado, 103 patients experienced a reduction in the frequency of their migraines over an average of 21.8 months while using medical cannabis.
A survey study by Cuttler et al. found that inhaled cannabis reduced the severity of migraines by 47.3% and the frequency of migraines by 49.6% over a period of 16 months.
In a study by Stith et al., 94% of participants experienced symptom relief within two hours of using dried cannabis flowers for their headaches and migraines.
A cross-sectional study by Gibson et al. found that people with migraines who used cannabis for relief reported having more severe migraines, but an Israeli cross-sectional study by Aviram et al. found that medical cannabis reduced the frequency of migraines over an average of three years in a self-report survey of 145 migraine patients. These patients also reported less current migraine disability and negative impact, as well as lower rates of opioid and triptan intake.
In a retrospective chart analysis of 316 patients with chronic migraines, the patients reported that medical cannabis improved their condition in various ways.
Okusanya et al. also found that medical cannabis decreased the frequency and number of days with migraines after 30 days, as well as decreased nausea and vomiting associated with migraines.
The recommended dosage of medical cannabis varies and can be difficult to determine. One study found that 200 mg of THC and CBD was effective in reducing migraine pain by 55%. Mechtler et al. concluded that the dosing of cannabis in migraine patients is an individualized process that is influenced by the underlying endocannabinoid tone. Building a strong patient-physician relationship is crucial for the success of cannabis therapy, and the dosage should be gradually adjusted in one- or two-week intervals. Follow-up visits are also important to consider any dosage adjustments, and oral cannabis formulations can be used for prophylactic treatment of chronic migraines.
The safety of medical cannabis in the treatment of migraines has been studied in several research studies.
A retrospective chart review of 121 patients using medical cannabis for migraines in 2016 found that the medication was well-tolerated and had a significant impact on the frequency of migraines.
Mechtler et al. also studied the safety profile of medical cannabis in migraine patients and found that it can cause drowsiness, lightheadedness, cognitive deficits, stomach issues, euphoria, psychosis, and an exacerbation of headaches.
In a study in 2022, 43.75% of patients who used an oral cannabinoid preparation reported mild side effects. Additionally, the use of medical cannabis has been linked to medication overuse headaches.
Overall, the evidence suggests that medical cannabis is generally well-tolerated in the treatment of migraines, but it is important for patients to be aware of potential side effects and to discuss them with their healthcare provider.
In conclusion, the review study suggests that medical cannabis is a well-tolerated and safe treatment option for migraines. However, it is important to note that the study only included studies on adult humans and used articles published in the last six years, and therefore may not provide a complete understanding of the treatment of migraines with medical cannabis. Additional research is needed to fully understand the efficacy and safety profile of medical cannabis in the treatment of migraines.
The systemic review
Efficacy and Safety of Medical Marijuana in Migraine Headache: A Systematic Review
References used in the review
Mechtler LL, Gengo FM, Bargnes VH: Cannabis and migraine: it's complicated. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2021, 25:16. 10.1007/s11916-020-00931-2
Peters GL: Migraine overview and summary of current and emerging treatment options. Am J Manag Care. 2019, 25:S23-34.
Gazerani P: Migraine and diet. Nutrients. 2020, 12:1658. 10.3390/nu12061658
Leimuranta P, Khiroug L, Giniatullin R: Emerging role of (endo) cannabinoids in migraine. Front Pharmacol. 2018, 9:420. 10.3389/fphar.2018.00420
Aviram J, Vysotski Y, Berman P, Lewitus GM, Eisenberg E, Meiri D: Migraine frequency decrease following prolonged medical cannabis treatment: a cross-sectional study. Brain Sci. 2020, 10:360. 10.3390/brainsci10060360
Lo Castro F, Baraldi C, Pellesi L, Guerzoni S: Clinical evidence of cannabinoids in migraine: a narrative review. J Clin Med. 2022, 11:1479. 10.3390/jcm11061479
Mayans L, Walling A: Acute migraine headache: treatment strategies. Am Fam Physician. 2018, 97:243-51.
Cuttler C, Spradlin A, Cleveland MJ, Craft RM: Short- and long-term effects of cannabis on headache and migraine. J Pain. 2020, 21:722-30. 10.1016/j.jpain.2019.11.001
Gupta VK: Abortive therapies for migraine: a mechanistic review. India; 2019. 10.13140/RG.2.2.32676.83849
Stith SS, Diviant JP, Brockelman F, Keeling K, Hall B, Lucern S, Vigil JM: Alleviative effects of cannabis flower on migraine and headache. J Integr Med. 2020, 18:416-24. 10.1016/j.joim.2020.07.004
Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al.: The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021, 372:n71. 10.1136/bmj.n71
Rhyne DN, Anderson SL, Gedde M, Borgelt LM: Effects of medical marijuana on migraine headache frequency in an adult population. Pharmacotherapy. 2016, 36:505-10. 10.1002/phar.1673
Gibson LP, Hitchcock LN, Bryan AD, Bidwell LC: Experience of migraine, its severity, and perceived efficacy of treatments among cannabis users. Complement Ther Med. 2021, 56:102619. 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102619
Mechtler L, Bargnes V, Hart P, McVige J, Saikali N: Medical cannabis for chronic migraine: a retrospective review. AAN. 2019, 92:
Okusanya BO, Lott BE, Ehiri J, McClelland J, Rosales C: Medical cannabis for the treatment of migraine in adults: a review of the evidence. Front Neurol. 2022, 13:871187. 10.3389/fneur.2022.871187
Baron EP, Lucas P, Eades J, Hogue O: Patterns of medicinal cannabis use, strain analysis, and substitution effect among patients with migraine, headache, arthritis, and chronic pain in a medicinal cannabis cohort. J Headache Pain. 2018, 19:37. 10.1186/s10194-018-0862-2
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If 91% of American adults own a cell phone and 81% of them send/receive texts and 60% go online from their phones, don't you think you should be where your customers are?
Having a mobile strategy for sales, service and overall customer communication is critical to your success in this digital age. Can your prospects text you from your offline ads? Can your customers learn more about your sales and incentives from their phone? Does your website present its best self on any screen size?
Mobile Strategy: The Key to Consumer Engagement, Scott Pechstein provides some direction and some answers to getting better at the mobile game.


Auto air conditioning specialists and authorized sales, service and installation distributor for APU truck climate control auxiliary power unit systems.
Family owned and operated since 1984, we are proud to provide our customers with top-quality products and excellent service. Our experienced, ASE-certified technicians have the knowledge and skill to tackle any auto repair or maintenance service.


Daniel Bergner is a contributing writer for the New York Times Magazine and the author of five books of nonfiction—Sing for Your Life, What Do Women Want?, The Other Side of Desire, In the Land of Magic Soldiers, and God of the Rodeo—as well as a novel, Moments of Favor. Sing for Your Life was a New York Times bestseller and a New York Times and Washington Post Notable Book of the Year. In the Land of Magic Soldiers received an Overseas Press Club Award for international reporting and a Lettre-Ulysses Award for the Art of Reportage and was named a Los Angeles Times Best Book of the Year. God of the Rodeo was a New York Times Notable Book of the Year. In addition to the New York Times Magazine, Daniel's writing has appeared in the Atlantic, Granta, Harper's, Mother Jones, Talk, and the New York Times Book Review, and on the op-ed page of the New York Times. His writing is included in The Norton Reader: An Anthology of Nonfiction.
Daniel Bergner grew up in Brooklyn and Seattle, went to college at Brown and currently lives in New York City.
"Daniel Bergner's book Sing for your Life, was chosen as the Community Reads 2016 pick by the the National Writers Series. Bergner's event was the icing on the cake as the culminating event of our 2016 season following authors Margaret Atwood and Ann Patchett. On December 5th, the City Opera House in Traverse City, Michigan, was filled with some 450 music students, educators and fans excited about Sing for your Life. Bergner inspired the audience, discussing both Ryan Speedo Green's journey and his own in writing Ryan's biography. He kept the audience entranced for a full 90 minutes. Bravo!"
"Daniel Bergner's visit was an immense success. A record number of students attended. It was a pleasure working with BIC to facilitate his visit "


I discovered that my son's anxiety is controlled really well when he plays the piano! It also provides me with a warning that he is feeling anxious when he plays for a long time. He has recently moved away from home and we have had to do some urgent keyboard shopping as his anxiety was going through the roof without his piano. My advice to other parents of asperger's children is get creative and watch to see how your child copes with his/her anxiety then do whatever it takes to enable him/her to access their particular strategy.
My husband of 25 years and high functioning aspergers always played sport to alleviate anxiety and in mature years has reverted to swimming to calm the anxiety.


As the Appalachian Region feels the impact of the burgeoning shale-energy industry, a consortium of researchers and industrial partners led by West Virginia University, with the assistance of The Ohio State University, will conduct the first-ever long-term, comprehensive field study of a natural resource that has changed the country's – and the world's – energy supply.
The five-year, $11 million agreement with the U.S. Department of Energy will allow the research team to create and manage the Marcellus Shale Energy and Environment Laboratory, a field site and dedicated research laboratory at the Morgantown Industrial Park.
Together with the DOE's National Energy Technology Laboratory and Northeast Natural Energy – a Charleston-based private oil and natural gas company that owns and operates the site – the lab will engage a unique and diverse team of geoscientists, hydrologists, engineers, ecologists, social scientists and public health professionals. The team will identify and demonstrate technologies required for best practices in environmentally responsible shale development, from drilling to completion through production.
Additionally, the lab will offer real-world education and training for undergraduate and graduate students to address the complex technical, environmental and social issues surrounding unconventional energy development and production.
"To date, there has been no comprehensive long-term field study that addresses baseline measurements, subsurface development and environmental monitoring with unconventional resource development," said Timothy Carr, WVU's Marshall Miller professor of geology, principal investigator of the award and director of the lab.
Ohio State will work with WVU to provide support of subsurface scientific investigations of the geology and microbiology from samples taken in the drill hole, along with guidance and support for the environmental work at the site.
Shale gas is part of a new category of natural resources called "unconventional oil and gas." As recently as 20 years ago these resources were thought to be unobtainable, but recent breakthroughs provided new technologies that allow them to be accessed.
Shale gas is natural gas that is trapped inside formations of shale – sedimentary rock found deep underground. To release it, shale-gas producers drill a deep vertical well and then use a combination of technologies to target horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing (or fracking) – which uses pressurized water, sand and chemicals to crack subsurface rock and create fissures that release natural gas.
Shale gas has been heralded as a "game changer" for energy markets, particularly in the United States, where energy resources have been in decline and where shale-gas reserves are plentiful. According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, in 2000, shale gas production represented only 1 percent of American natural gas production, but by 2035, shale gas will represent nearly half.
Additionally, recent news reports state that fracking and other unconventional techniques have already doubled North American natural gas reserves to three quadrillion cubic feet, which is nearly equal to 500 billion barrels of oil, or almost double the crude inventory of Saudi Arabia – the world's top oil producer.
The Marcellus Shale Energy and Environment Laboratory will allow the team to address critical gaps of knowledge of the characterization, basic subsurface science, and completion and stimulation strategies that enable more efficient resource recovery from fewer wells with reduced environmental impact.
The primary objectives of the project include providing a long-term research site with an existing well and documented production and environment baseline from two previously completed wells.
A dedicated scientific-observation well will be used to collect detailed subsurface data and to monitor and test technologies in additional wells to be drilled periodically over the project lifetime.
The site also offers a unique opportunity to enable an open, collaborative and integrated program of science and technology development and testing to minimize environmental impacts while maximizing economic benefits.
In addition to Carr, researchers from the following areas at WVU are participating in the study.
The project is operated under the purview of a 2013 memorandum of understanding between WVU and Ohio State. As part of the shale-energy partnership, the two institutions agreed to work collaboratively to develop a joint program of research in the Appalachian Region's developing shale energy industry.


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WMICH.EDU
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Western Michigan University Cooley Law School Blog
Mohamed Hammoud: Grit and Smarts
Mohamed Hammoud was always fascinated by the criminal justice system, and always wanted a legal career, but was afraid the demands and cost were too much for him. That was until his first son was born, Mohamed Ali, was born in 2015.
Read more about Mohamed Hammoud: Grit and Smarts
Josh Bemis: Derailed Hockey Career Puts Legal Career on the Right Track
Josh Bemis grew up playing hockey. It was all he wanted to do. In fact, at 16 years old he was committed to playing hockey at Western Michigan University, but ultimately was drafted by the Plymouth Whalers in Plymouth, Michigan, and moved away from home. He played there for 3-4 years, and he loved getting paid for doing exactly what he loved to do.
Read more about Josh Bemis: Derailed Hockey Career Puts Legal Career on the Right Track
Shelika Tate: Non-traditional Coming In; Unconventional Powerhouse Going Out
Shelika Tate married her high school sweetheart 19 years ago, and for that same amount of time, she was told that she would make a great lawyer. Her husband would tell her it was because she was a "really logical thinker" and she would "reason through every choice and decision." She even had others say the same. But at the time Tate wasn't interested. At least not at first.
Read more about Shelika Tate: Non-traditional Coming In; Unconventional Powerhouse Going Out
Eric Field: Law School is a Reflection of Law Practice
WMU-Cooley student Eric Field always knew he wanted a career where he could help people, but he really didn't know what that meant until his family attorney encouraged him to job shadow him for a couple weeks to find out if being a lawyer inspired him. That did it. He knew the law was what he wanted to do.
Read more about Eric Field: Law School is a Reflection of Law Practice
Melanie White: Bring Hope to Light and Justice to Those Needing Protection
Melanie White has always had an interest in equal justice for all. After learning that her mother had taken the LSAT and was accepted to the Detroit College of Law, Melanie's yearning for the law grew stronger. It stems from her strong feelings and interest in wanting to make sure people are treated fairly, with respect, and with justice.
Read more about Melanie White: Bring Hope to Light and Justice to Those Needing Protection
Arturo Alfaro: Path from Spanish Language Interpreter to Legal Advocate
Arturo Alfaro, a second year law student at WMU-Cooley's Auburn Hills campus, came to law school in a very non-traditional way, as a Spanish language certified interpreter for the state of Michigan. His first assignments found him working in the Oakland County Circuit and District Courts.
Read more about Arturo Alfaro: Path from Spanish Language Interpreter to Legal Advocate
On the Road to Democracy Albania Initiates Judicial Reform
Albania's history goes back to the Middle Ages, coming under Ottoman rule in the 15th century, where it remained until 1912. During the next several decades, Albania struggled to find its way, changing from principality, to republic to monarchy, and finally becoming a communist state after WWII. In 1990 when the communist regime crumbled, Albania rose from the ashes, albeit amid devastating economic and social problems. The unrest resulted in the flight of thousands of Albanians to other countries, including the United States where large Albanian communities exist in Detroit, New York and Boston.
Read more about On the Road to Democracy Albania Initiates Judicial Reform
WMU-Cooley's Great Campus Locations: Auburn Hills
WMU-Cooley's campuses are located in cities considered among the best places to live in the nation. Students, residents, and visitors in the Auburn Hills, Michigan, area, have a remarkable variety of attractions, eateries, sports and cultural events to fill their days.
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Maybe could have difficulty setting.
I'm all for meditation programs for just about the same reasons everyone else is, makes a nice alternative to just smoking, but really you want to make it more of an audio-visual stimulus experience rather than just a list of prompts. Experiment with, I don't know, rain sounds and abstract shapes and whatever.
Also when you smoke, holding in your breath for that long is a bit of a task. That isn't even a criticism or something to account for, just a factoid.
Is this a tech demo?
I feel like this might be interesting if you explained what 4-7-8 breathing is. And maybe add a game around it.
That would be cool, thanks for the suggestion! And kind of. I haven't used web coding for awhile now and would like to make games out of it. I still have plenty to learn.


This is a prototype version of a Martian exploration game. Created using ThreeJS this is a 3D exploration experience in the browser. Featuring a Martian landscape created from altimetry data from the MOLA satellite and Martian image data. You can explore using a custom set of remote controls and across a dynamic simulation of the Martian gravity. Plant your national flag to claim the planet! and don't get stuck in the mud.
Many thanks to NASA and the Mars Orbital Laser Altimeter MOLA for the data used in this demo.


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Brexit halves new investment in British car industry, auto industry lobby
Published On: June 26, 2018 12:43 PM NPT By: Reuters
Photo Courtesy: Agencies
LONDON, June 26: Uncertainty over Brexit has halved new investment in the British car industry as Prime Minister Theresa May's government current plans for trade after Britain leaves the EU are unrealistic, the biggest car manufacturing lobby said on Tuesday.
Public announcements of fresh investments into new plant, machinery, tooling and equipment, models and model development fell to 347.3 million pounds ($461.1 million) between January and June 21, 2018, down from 647.4 million pounds in the first half of 2017.
"There is growing frustration in global boardrooms at the slow pace of negotiations," Mike Hawes, chief executive of the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT).
"Government must rethink its position on the customs union."
British trucks would be blocked from entering Europe under no-deal Brexit, industry leader warns
LONDON, June 24: British lorries would be barred from entering Europe under a no-deal Brexit, according to an industry chief,...
May battles to keep Brexit on track after no-confidence win
LONDON, Jan 17: British Prime Minister Theresa May is reaching out to opposition parties and other lawmakers Thursday in a...
Minister Yadav stresses on political stability to lure investors
KATHMANDU, Oct 25: Minister for Industry, Commerce and Supplies Matrika Prasad Yadav addressed the LDCs Ministerial and Business Executive Roundtable...
Volumes increase as Nepse ends above 2,300 mark
Kathmandu Valley records highest PM 2.5 reading of 145.72 µg/m3 on Sunday, improving slightly compared to last day
HoR dissolution against constitution: Advocates at hearing


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The Private Lives of the Tudors: Uncovering the Secrets of Britain's Greatest Dynasty
Tracy Borman
Thomas McClung
"a fascinating and informative account of the personal lives of the Tudors."
More than likely, even if one does not recognize the Tudor dynasty, the names of Henry VIII and Elizabeth I should certainly be universally so. Included in the Tudor lineup as well are the lesser known Edward VI, Mary and the following collateral generation of Lady Jane Grey and Mary, Queen of Scots, which led to the Tudors' demise and the ascendancy of the House of Stuart.
While much of the political, diplomatic, and military history of this royal house has been extensively covered previously and by many, their private lives, feuds, conflicts, and relations behind the scenes have not been nearly so much, notwithstanding the historiography of Henry VIII and his six wives.
Author Tracy Borman, holder of a PhD and joint chief curator of Historic Royal Palaces, has written previously on topics of English and royal history. She has taken this particular subject and provided more than just a chronological account of these men and women who had so much influence on world and European history and continue to fascinate some 500 years later.
Chronicling the rise of the Tudors, with Henry VII, and the end of the War of the Roses, essentially a civil war over royal succession, Borman covers the all-encompassing need of each Tudor monarch to secure "title" to the throne and produce an heir in order to perpetuate the dynasty. Not surprisingly, the sex lives, affairs, and suspected affairs are all covered here.
The many pregnancies and miscarriages of queens and female courtiers and mistresses relevant to the story are included as well as the details of and techniques employed in childbirth in the medieval era in sometimes graphic detail. Each potential heir's birth is followed by a description of the royal manner of raising children, largely without parents present, but, of course, in the lap of luxury.
Related and investigated are the intrigues, the gossip and scandal which ran rife through the Tudor court for nearly 120 years, including Henry VIII's own intrigues when it came to establishing the Church of England in order to facilitate his many marriages and his marital troubles which resulted in the executions of Anne Boleyn and Katherine Howard.
At this far remove, it is not necessarily possible to determine all of Henry VIII's mistresses and affairs or the purported virginity of Elizabeth I (from the lack of any absolute evidence, the conclusion would seem to be that she was the Virgin Queen in spite of a teenaged flirtation and then later intimate relationship with Robert Dudley).
As in birth and life, so is aging, disease, and death. Each monarch wanted to portray to the common people an individual prowess, physical health, and vigor so as to demonstrate strength and invulnerability, if not an immortality of a kind, which would preclude any revolts or challenges to their throne and authority.
Again and graphically, medieval medical techniques are specified in the text in terms of how disease was treated, inasmuch as tuberculosis, the plague, influenza, measles, smallpox, fevers, and other disorders were largely endemic in England. While we today would consider these techniques as primitive or misguided, they really didn't know any better and survival was mostly a matter of luck.
Even without any pathological assaults, aging is a natural process and, in spite of living their lives in luxury, Tudor monarchs could always see the end would eventually arrive and, in the case of Henry VIII, there was a scramble for succession. His only son, Edward VI, never attained adulthood, which then set off the convoluted fight between Mary and Elizabeth following the nine-day reign of Lady Jane Grey who was out of her depth when it came to the monarchy.
So much more is covered in this story (clothes and fashion, royal customs, hygiene and sanitation, palace building and financing it all) that precludes summary but, suffice to say, the detail is considerable as with the rest of the book.
Extensive primary and secondary sources demonstrate the depth of research in spite of missing or lack of surviving records. The photographic section is in color and provides portraits of many of the cast of characters, woodcuts, and other illustrations of medieval subjects, surviving furniture, and other personal items.
This is a fascinating and informative account of the personal lives of the Tudors. So much so that it is certain that the average person would surely be unfamiliar with much of this history. One can only imagine what we don't know about this complicated and conflicted royal dynasty.
Stuart McClung holds a Master of Arts in Military History and has written reviews for the Journal of America's Military Past and Humanities and Social Sciences Online. He is a recognized long-time living historian and interpreter at Gettysburg National Military Park and various state and local venues. He is also a member of the Society for Military History, the Council on America's Military Past, and the Civil War Trust.


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Significant Others and railroading
Maple Valley, Washington. Saturday, December 26, 1961. Today, as I was digging through my collection of slides, I ran across three or four "bummers" – slides that won't pass most Internet rail photo screeners. But that's the beauty of being my own screener. I can run them! I was home in Seattle on Christmas leave from Hamilton AFB, and relished this opportunity to "chase trains!" My buddy El Purington and I had just finished shooting an eastbound Northern Pacific freight at Covington. From there is was a short jaunt north to connect with the Milwaukee Road, to catch an electric train at Maple Valley.
By the time we got there, darkness had fallen. The operator on duty, Bob Lillengreen, was a conversationalist beyond compare, who welcomed us with a hot cup of coffee and his latest stories.
Bob told us about a rail fan who had stopped by a few weeks past with his wife. He went on to say that as her husband went out on the platform to shoot an electric train, she lamented, "You know, I think he loves those trains more than he loves me!"
By and by the darkness was penetrated with a bright headlamp, and the mournful honk of a quartet of electrics, who had descended in the early evening from Snoqualmie Tunnel. (It was almost an irritation to me, that such magnificent machines had such ugly air horns!)
Without a tripod, I fired off a 1/15 second exposure as the engineer of the Box Cabs snagged his set of train orders. The lower set destined for the Conductor in his office on wheels – the caboose.
The point of this article is the wife's concern about where she stood with respect to the husband's priorities in life.
This recollection got me to reflect back upon my past relationships and railroading. One lady I was involved with was happy to go "railroading" with me because we made it an outing - packing a picnic lunch, hiking for photo ops and viewing other points of interest in additon to the railroad.
She shook up a southbound Espee pusher crew way up on the Willamette Pass. She didn't realize the helper would be manned, and she took off her top after the head end had cleared, to bask topless in the hot afternoon sun. The appreciative pusher crew struck up a tattoo on the air horns as they passed us, waving wildly at her!
My ex-wife and I got married in a business car in Vancouver Washington, and we made one or two rail photo stops along the way to Cass West Virginia, the destination for our honeymoon in May, 1989.
Here's Patti being helped aboard Shay #5 at Cass. We had a fantastic time there with the limited crowd at the 3-day weekend. She shot 5 rolls of film there in Cass, we made new friends, and so sharing and mixing with others seemed to be the secret.
We were invited to General Motors Open House later that year, and while it was the focus of the trip to Chicago, I buffered in a few extra days so that we had time to explore Chicago, as well as go to the open house.
So. Significant others and railroading. Moderation and inclusion were the keys for me.
Sadly, not only is the Milwaukee Road gone, but also Pattie, who passed away unexpectedly in 2007...
Index: Cass, Covington, Elwin Purington, General Motors Open House, Maple Valley
Panama Canal: 100th Anniversary
Lac-Mégantic: TSB Final Report
Epic Voyage of the Corbin Foss
Welcome to Ferguson, Missouri! "A Playful City USA...
Articles Updated


Experience with agency Bravo Travel was negative.
Nantucket is a great place to find more jobs. The only problem is that the season is really short, but because in July and August can be done and after 24/7. People friendly , night life- average.
Experience with employer Nantucket Bike Shop was positive.
This review represents personal opinion of Quagmire who was participating Work & Travel program in year of 2011 with agency Bravo Travel, working at Nantucket Bike Shop in Nantucket, MA.
Wage per hour : 13 Number of hours per week : 50 Average tips : 30 Rent bicycles and scooters.