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Home > Consumer > Lowe's Companies Inc
Rona's Turnaround Picks Up Speeds with the Lowe's Acquisition
By Phalguni Soni
How Rona benefits from the Lowe's acquisition
Rona (RON.TO) is the largest home improvement retailer (XRT) in Canada (EWC) in terms of store count. The company operates 496 stores in Canada, of which 260 are owned by dealers. Home Depot (HD) and Lowe's (LOW), the other two big home improvement retailers in Canada, have 181 and 42 stores in the country, respectively. Luxury home furnishing chain Restoration Hardware (RH) presently operates five stores in Canada but estimates that it could increase its future store count by 60–70 stores in the United States and Canada combined.
Varied revenue stream
However, Rona offers multiple store formats under several banners in contrast to HD and LOW. Its revenue stream is also varied. Rona derives revenue from:
corporate-owned retail stores
wholesale sales to franchise and dealer-owned stores
royalties on sales by franchised stores
installation service sales
As part of the purchase agreement, Lowe's intends to continue operating under Rona's multiple stores banners, according to Lowe's chairman, president, and CEO, Robert A. Niblock.
Rona reported EBITDA[1. earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization] of $250 million Canadian on sales of $4.2 billion Canadian in the trailing 12 months.
Rona's turnaround
Rona's financial and operating performance has struggled and been inconsistent over the last few years. Between May 2007 and November 2011, Rona's stock price lost almost two-thirds of its value, falling to a low of $8.70 Canadian on November 25, 2011.
Rona is just coming off a turnaround in its performance, however. It's disposing of its non-core assets, buying out several franchisees, and rationalizing its store footprint (RTH). It's also in the process of improving capital efficiency. Rona's has reported positive same-store sales growth for five straight quarters now.
In contrast, retailers like Williams-Sonoma (WSM) have posted healthier same-store sales growth numbers over the past 11 quarters.
Premium opportunity
According to Rona's chairman, Robert Chevrier, "We believe the time is right to take the next step in the evolution of the Rona family. … With commitments made by Lowe's to our employees, potential new markets for Canadian manufacturers and product offerings for our independent dealers, this transaction presents the ideal opportunity for the continued growth of our company while delivering an attractive premium for our shareholders."
The next article in our series discusses the potential synergies and financial benefits that Lowe's is expecting from the transaction.


Yesterday's storm system took a track similar to that of last week's blizzard, but wasn't accompanied by nearly as much cold air. Thus, we received the dreaded "wintry mix"; snow followed by sleet, freezing rain and rain, instead of all snow. Most of that should be out of the region today, leaving us with relatively dry conditions until the next storm system comes Thursday night into Friday. Different models have that system tracking differently, either eastward from the Ohio Valley or coming up the coast. In Cambridge, most, if not all, the precipitation associated with it should be snow (possibly around 6 inches). Following this, a high pressure will move in giving us a sunny but frigid weekend, with highs in the teens and lows in the single digits. Bundle up!


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Home » GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY AND MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS OF SOLANUM VILLOSUM (MILL) (SOLANACEAE)
GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY AND MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS OF SOLANUM VILLOSUM (MILL) (SOLANACEAE)
R. Venkatesh *, R. Vidya, and K. Kalaivani
Department of Biochemistry, Kongunadu Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu-641029, India.
ABSTRACT:In the present study the bioactive compounds of Solanum villosum leaves extract were used to evaluate by GC – MS method. 50g of fine powder was packed with No.1 Whatman filter paper and placed in soxhlet apparatus along with ethanol. The crude extract were collected and dried at room temperature, 30˚C after which yield was weighed and then performed to GC-MS analysis. The Ethanol leaf extracts of Solanum villosum to identified Twelve bioactive components such as, Methyl 11,14,17-Eicosatrienoate (29.49%), 4-(3,5-Di-Tert-Butyl-4-Hydroxy Phenyl) Butyl Acrylate (12.04%), N-Hexadecanoic acid (9.41%), Phytol (8.54%), 2H-1-Benzopyran-6-ol, 3,4-Dihydro-2,5,7,8-Tetra methyl-2-(4,8,12-Trimethyl Tridecyl)-Acetate,(2R)-( (5.70%), DL-Alpha Tocopherol (5.70%), Gamma – Tocopherol (3.55%), 3,4-Dihydro-3,5,8-Trimethyl-3-(4,8,12-Trimethyl Tridecyl)-(2H)1-Benzopyran-6-Acetate (3.55%), 3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-Hexadecen-1-ol (3.38%), Cyclotrisiloxane, Hexamethyl (2.12%), Trimethyl(4-(1,1,3,3-Tetramethyl butyl)Phenoxy) silane (2.12%), Octasiloxane, 1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9,11,11,13,13,15,15- Hexadecamethyl (1.97%) were present. In best of our knowledge, there is no documental evidence of gas chromatography and mass spectrum analysis to identify the chemical compounds from the plant species of Solanum villosum. This study helps to explore the potential compounds responsible for the biological activities of antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, Diuretic and analgesic properties for application of drug formation in pharmaceutical fields
GC –MS (Gas chromatography and Mass spectrometry), Anticancer, ethanol extract, Solanum villosum
INTRODUCTION: Solanum is one of the most important and largest genera of the family Solanaceae comprising of about 84 genera and 3000 species were identified throughout the Worldwide. Solanum villosum is also present in Western Ghats of Tamilnadu and varuious parts of India.
The plants of S. nigrum complex has been traditionally used as an analgesic, antispasmodic, antiseptic, antidysentric, antinarcotic, emollient, diuretic, tonic, soporific, laxative, anticancer, antiulcer and for disorders of neuro-vegetative system etc.1- 3 This medicinal value is mainly attributed to the alkaloidal contents of the plants.
Solanum villosum (Mill) belongs to family Solanaceae, it is commonly known as red-fruit nightshade, is widely distributed in many parts of India. The plant is an Ayurvedic herb with multiple medicinal properties. The plant Solanum villosum
contain many primary and secondary metabolites such as, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, steroids, carbohydrates, glycosides, amino acids and proteins 4. The genus of Solanum species contains excellent antioxidant properties and free radical scavenging ability 5.
In recent years, gas chromatography and mass spectrography (GC–MS) has been applied unambiguously to identify the structures of different phytoconstituents from plant extracts and biological samples with great success. 6-7 Gas chromatography and mass spectrum is a reliable technique to identify the phytoconstituents of volatile matter, long-chain branched hydrocarbons, alcohols, acids and esters.8 In this present study to analysis the bioactive compounds present in ethanol extract of Solanum villosum by Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Plant material: The leaves of the Solanum villosum (Mill) plant were collected from Thadagam hills at Coimbatore district, Tamilnadu, India. The specimen sample was authenticated by Dr.V.S.Ramachandran, Associate Professor, Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India. The voucher specimen was deposited in the herbarium center, Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore.
Extraction of plant material: Plant materials thoroughly washed and shade dried at room temperature after that grind into powder was packed with No.1 Whatman filter paper and placed in soxhlet apparatus along with ethanol. The crude extract were collected and dried at room temperature, 30˚C after which yield was weighed and then performed.
GC-MS analysis: Gas chromatography study includes the important optimization process such as i) introduction of sample extract onto the GC column, ii) separation of its components on an analytical column and iii) detection of target analysis by using mass spectrometric (MS) detector. 5 ml of ethanol extract was evaporated to dryness and reconstituted in to 2 ml methanol. The extracts were then subjected to GC-MS analysis. Chromatographic separation was carried out with instrument GC-MS-QP 2010 [SHIMADZU] instrument with Db 30.0 column (0.25µm diameter × 0.25um thickness). The oven temperature was programmed from 70 °C (isothermal for 5 min), with an increase of 10°C/min, to 200°C, then 5°C/min to 280°C, ending with a 35 min isothermal at 280°C. Mass spectra was taken at 70 eV; a scan interval of 0.5 s and Scan range from 40–1000 m/z. Helium was used as carrier gas at 99.999 % pressure with flow 1.0 ml/min and electronic pressure control on. Samples were dissolved in ethanol and injected automatically.
Analytical condition: Injection temperature at 2400C, interface temperature at 2400C and ion source temperature at 700C were determined. Injection was performed in split less mode.
Identification of compounds (Data analysis): The mass spectra of compounds in samples were obtained by electron ionization (EI) at 70 eV and the detector operator in scan mode from 40 to 1000 m/z atomic mass units. Identification based on the Molecular weight, Molecular formula, Retention time and peak area %. It is done in order to determine whether this plant species contains any individual compound or group of compounds which may substantiate its current commercial and traditional use as herbal medicine, in addition to determine the most appropriate methods of extracting these compounds. These results will consequently be discussed in the light of their putative biological and therapeutic relevance.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy: GC-MS is the best technique to identify the bioactive constituents of long chain hydrocarbons, alcohols, acids, ester, alkaloids, steroids, amino and nitrogen compound. The present research work deals with the ethanolic extracts of leaf extract of Solanum villosum to analysis Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy. The extracts are a complex mixture of many constituents totally twelve compounds identified (Table 1 and Fig 1). In best of our knowledge and literature survey there is no report of gas chromatography and mass spectrum analysis to identify the chemical compounds from the plant species of Solanum villosum. GC-MS analysis showed the revealed that existence of the compounds such as, Methyl 11,14,17-Eicosatrienoate (29.49%), 4-(3,5-Di-Tert-Butyl-4-Hydroxy Phenyl) Butyl Acrylate (12.04%), N-Hexadecanoic acid (9.41%), Phytol (8.54%), 2H-1-Benzopyran-6-ol, 3,4-Dihydro-2,5,7,8-Tetra methyl-2-(4,8,12-Trimethyl Tridecyl)-Acetate,(2R)-( (5.70%), DL-Alpha Tocopherol (5.70%), Gamma – Tocopherol (3.55%), 3,4-Dihydro-3, 5, 8 – Trimethyl – 3 - (4, 8, 12-Trimethyl Tridecyl) - (2H)1 – Benzopyran – 6 -Acetate (3.55%), 3, 7, 11, 15 – Tetramethyl – 2 -Hexadecen-1-ol (3.38%), Cyclotrisiloxane, Hexamethyl (2.12%), Trimethyl(4-(1,1,3,3- Tetramethyl butyl) Phenoxy) silane (2.12%), Octasiloxane,1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9,11,11,13,13,15,15- Hexadecamethyl (1.97%) were present. The compounds are identified with their retention time (RT), Molecular formula, Molecular weight, and concentration (peak area %) of the corresponding compounds. The GC-MS chromatogram of the seven peaks of the compounds was detected. Chromatogram GC-MS analysis of the ethanolic extract of Solanum villosum showed the presence of 3 major peaks and the components corresponding to the peaks were determined.
TABLE 1: GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY AND MASS SPECTRUM ANALYSIS OF THE ETHANOL EXTRACT OF SOLANUM VILLOSUM (MILL)
S.No Compound
Name % of Peak Area Retention time (RT) Molecular formula (MF) Molecular weight (MW) Nature of the compound Biologial
3,7,11,15-Tetramethyl-2-Hexadecen-1-ol 3.386 16.83 C20H40O 296 Terpene alcohol Cancer preventive, Antimicrobial, Antiinflammatory
N-Hexadecanoic acid 9.416 18.300 C16H32O2 256 Palmitic acid Antioxidant, pesticide, flavour, 5-alpha reductase ihibitor,antifibrinolytic,
Hemolytic, Lubricant, Nematicide, Antialopecic.
4-(3,5-Di-Tert-Butyl-4-Hydroxy Phenyl) Butyl Acrylate 12.04 18.43 C21H3203 332 - Antiinflammatory
Phytol 8.54 19.52 C20H40O 296 Phytol Diterpene alcohol Antimicrobial, anticancer, antiinflammatory, Diuretic.
Methyl 11,14,17-Eicosatrienoate 29.49 20.03 C21H36O2 320 Unsaturated fatty acid ester Antiarthritic, anticoronary, antiinflammatory.
Octasiloxane,1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9,11,11,13,13,15,15- Hexadecamethyl 1.97 25.56 C16H50O7Si8 578 Volatile organic
compounds Anti microbial
3, 4-Dihydro-3, 5, 8-Trimethyl-3-(4, 8, 12-Trimethyl Tridecyl)-(2H)1-Benzopyran-6-Acetate. 3.55 26.86 C30H50O3 458 Pentacyclic triterpenoids Fungicides, insectiidess
Cyclotrisiloxane, Hexamethyl 2.12 27.27 C6H18O3Si3 222 Phenolic
compounds Antimicrobial potential, Antimicrobial, antioxidants
2H-1-Benzopyran-6-ol, 3,4-Dihydro-2,5,7,8-Tetra methyl-2-(4,8,12-Trimethyl Tridecyl)-Acetate, (2R) - ( 5.70 27.49 C31H52O3 472 Vitamin E acetate antimicrobial anti oxidasnt
DL-Alpha Tocopherol 5.70 27.49 C29H50O2 430 Vitamin E Preservative, flavor, antiseptic, stomach and internal hemorrhoids.
Trimethyl(4-(1,1,3,3- Tetramethyl butyl)Phenoxy) silane 2.12 27.27 C17H30OSi 278 Methyl ether Vitamin D, rickets and antioxidants
Gamma - Tocopherol 3.55 26.86 C28H48O2 416 Vitamin E
Analgesic, antidiabatic antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antidermatitic, antileukemic, antitumor, anticancer, hepatoprotective, anticoronary.
FIG. 1: SHOWING GC-MS ANALYSIS OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF SOLANUM VILLOSUM (MILL)
Many medicinal plants are rich source of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, phenol, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins and terpenoids determined by gas chromatography and mass spectrum 9-10. The plant contain large amount of primary and secondary metabolites exert a wide range of biological activities on physiological systems. 11 It also reported that the activities of some plant constituents with compound nature of flavonoids, palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester and n-hexadecaonoic acid), unsaturated fatty acid and linolenic (docosatetraenoic acid and octadecatrienoic acid) as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypocholesterolemic, cancer preventive, hepatoprotective, antiarthritic, antihistimic, antieczemic and anticoronary 12.
Octadecanoic acid, Hexadecanoic acid and stigmasterol compounds have the property of antioxidant, antimicrobial, hypocholesterolemic, antiarthritic, anti-inflammatory 13. Palmitic acid is reported to be an antioxidant, nematicide and a pesticide while Melitol and Phytol are said to be cancer preventive. The presence of phytol compounds attributes to the antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer property of the plant leaves 14- 15
The phenomenon of additive or synergistic effects is often crucial to bioactivity in plant extracts and in some cases; the activity is lost in purified fractions. Development of bacterial resistance to synergistic drug combinations, such as those found in plants, may be slower than for single drug therapies 16 -17. It is believed that crude extracts from medicinal plants are more biologically active than isolated compounds due to their synergistic effects 18.
It was concluded that ethanol extract of Solanum villosum leaves possess various potent bioactive compounds and antidiabetic,analgesic, antiseptic, antidysentric, diuretic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer and anticancer properties it is recommended as drug formation to pharmaceutical industries. Further studies are needed to explore the potential bioactive compounds responsible for the biological activities of Solanum villosum.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: The authors are thankful to our Secretary and Joint Secretary of Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India for providing facilities and encouragement.
Edmonds, J.M. and Chweya, J.A: Black nightshades, Solanum nigrum (and related species) 1997; Pp. 113. 1. B.P.G.R. Rome and I.P.K Gatersleben.
Ramachandran V. S., Shijo Joseph and Aruna R: Ethnobotanical Studies from Amaravathy Range of Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Ghats, Coimbatore District, Southern India; Ethnobotanical Leaflets 2009; 13: 1069-1087.
Yesodharan K and Sujana K.A: Wild edible plants trationally used by the tribes in the Parabikulam Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala, India. Natural product Radiance Vol 6 2007; (1), pp 74 – 80.
Nandita Chowdhury, Anupam Ghosh and Goutam Chandra: Mosquito larvicidal activities of Solanum villosum berry extract against the dengue vector Stegomyia aegypti BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2008;8:10
Annie Jacob and Radha.P: Effect of Solanum nigrum leaf extract on the enzymic Antioxidant status of tumor bearing mice. Int. J. of Research in Engineering and Bioscience 2013; Vol 1; 9 – 23.
Prasain, J.K., C.-C. Wang and S. Barnes: Mass spectroscopic methods for the determination of flavonoids in biological samples. Free Radical Biology & Medicine 2004; 37: 1324–50.
De Rijke, E., P. Out, W.M.A. Neissen, F. Ariese, C. Gooijer, and U.A. Brinkman: The analytical separation and detection methods for flavonoids. Journal of Chromatography A 2006; 1112: 31–63.
Anjali, R., T. Rasika, T. Amruta, P. Vedavati, and D. Nirmala: GC–MS study of a steam volatile matter from Mimusops elengi. International Journal of ChemTech Research 2009; 1: 158–61.
Lewis K and Ausubel FM: Prospects for plant-derived antibacterials. Nat Biotech 2006; 24 (12): 1504-1507.
Adekunle AS, Adekunle OC: Preliminary assessment of antimicrobial properties of aqueous extract of plants against infectious diseases. Biol Med 2009 1(3): 20-24.
Olagunju JA, Fagbohunka BS, Oyedapo OO, Abdul AIA: Effects of an ethanolic root extract of Plumbago zeylanica L on some serum parameters of the rats. RPMP-Drug Dev Mol 2006; 11: 268-276.
Kumar PP, Kumaravel S, Lalitha C: Screening of antioxidant activity, total phenolics and GC-MS study of Vitex negundo. Afr J Biochem Res 2010; 4 (7): 191-195.
Jegadeeswari, P. Nishanthini, A. Muthukumarasamy, S and Mohan, V.R: GC-MS Analysis of bioactive components OF Aristolochia krysagathra (Aristolochiaceae). J. Curr. Chem. Pharm. Sc 2012; 2(4), 226-232.
Cho K.H., Hong J.H and Lee K.T: Monoacylglycerol (MAG)-oleic acid has stronger antioxidant, anti-atherosclerotic, and protein glycation inhibitory activities than MAG-palmitic acid. J Med Food 2010; 13(1):99-107.
Munakata K: Nematocidal natural products. In: D.L Whitehead and W.S Bowers (eds.), Natural Products for Innovative Pest Management, Oxford: Pergamon 1983; pp. 299-310.
Cos P, Vlietick A.J, Vanden Berghe D and Maes L: Anti infective pontential of natural products; how to develop a stronger invitro 'proof of concept. J. Enthnopharmacol 2006; 106, 290 – 302.
Coutinho HDM, Costa JGM, Lima EO, Falcao – Silva VS, Siqueira Jr JP: Herbal theraphy associated with antibiotic therapy potentiation of the antibiotic activity against methicillin – resistant Staphylococcus aoreus by Turnea ulmifolia. L BMC Complement Altern Med 2009; 9:13 (2).
Jana, S. and Shekhawat, G.S: Phytochemical analysis and antibacterial screening of in vivo and in vitro extracts of Indian medicinal herb: Anethum graveolens. Research Journal of Medicinal Plant 2010; 4: 206-212.
Venkatesh R, Vidya R, and Kalaivani K: Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Solanum Villosum (Mill) (Solanaceae).Int J Pharm Sci Res2014; 5(12): 5283-87.doi: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.5 (12).5283-87.
All © 2014 are reserved by International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. This Journal licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
Sr No: 28
Page No: 5283-5287
Cited By: 25
Authors: R. Venkatesh *, R. Vidya, and K. Kalaivani
Authors Address: Department of Biochemistry, Kongunadu Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu-641029, India.
Email: biovenki76@gmail.com
Received: 04 May, 2014
Revised: 07 August, 2014
Accepted: 14 August, 2014
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.5(12).5283-87

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Sandvika (Viken), een plaats in de Noorse gemeente Bærum
 Sandvika (Aust-Agder), een plaats in de Noorse gemeente Tvedestrand
 Sandvika (Hedmark), een plaats in de Noorse gemeente Stange
 Sandvika (Nordland), een plaats in de Noorse gemeente Gildeskål
 Sandvika (Nord-Trøndelag), een plaats in de Noorse gemeente Lierne
 Sandvika (Sør-Trøndelag), een plaats in de Noorse gemeente Frøya

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Prior to joining the faculty, he was in private practice in Rochester, New York, concentrating in general litigation and health law. Professor Benson is the author of several articles on domestic relations and criminal law and co-authors an annual update of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure. He has served as associate dean of the law college.
Professor Benson was named Professor Emeritus in 2000.
ALBERT T. QUICK & DAVID J. BENSON, FEDERAL RULES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE (1989-95) (revisions).
Drug Abuse Treatment and Parental Consent, HOSP., Sept. 1, 1973, at 63.
The Patient's Right to Refuse, HOSP., Aug. 16, 1973, at 38.
The Patient's Right to Know, HOSP., Aug. 1, 1973, at 47.
The Power of State Courts to Award the Federal Dependency Exemption Upon Divorce, 16 U. DAYTON L. REV. 29 (1990).
Can a Case be Made for the Use of the U.C.C.J.A. in Child Support Determinations?, 26 GONZ. L. REV. 125 (1990/91).
The Child Dependency Exemption and Divorced Parents: What is 'Custody?', 18 CAP. U. L. REV. 57 (1989).
Constitutionality of Ohio's New Death Penalty Statute, 14 U. TOL. L. REV. 77 (1982).
Impact of Proposed National Workers' Compensation Acts on Ohio Workmen's Compensation Law, 4 OHIO N.U. L. REV. 269 (1977).
Stop Payment of Cashier's Checks and Bank Drafts Under the Uniform Commercial Code, 2 OHIO N.U. L. REV. 445 (1975).
The Role of the Holder in Due Course Doctrine in Consumer Credit Transactions, 26 HASTINGS L.J. 427 (1974) [with Squillante].
Note, Bonus or Incentive Zoning - Legal Implications, 21 SYRACUSE L. REV. 895 (1970).


I get deep into code level and find something.
In class ClientJMeterEngine and method getEngine, logic is as below.
Class RemoteJMeterEngine is a sub-class of class UnicastRemoteObject.
So I guess this might be the root cause of communication failure between client and server.


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Q: Cleanly binding/unbinding to a Service in an Application I have an Android application that is binding to a persistent service (once started with startService()).
The service is an integral part of the application and thus is used in almost every Activity. Hence I want to bind to the service just once (instead of binding/unbinding in every Activity) and keep the binding during the lifetime of my application.
I've extended from Application and bind to the service in Application#onCreate(). However I now have the problem that I don't know when my application exists since Application#onTerminate() is never called, see JavaDoc:

This method is for use in emulated process environments. It will never
  be called on a production Android device, where processes are removed
  by simply killing them; no user code (including this callback) is
  executed when doing so.

So how do I cleanly unbind from a service bound in Application?

A: From Sven's answer:

I solved this problem by counting the references to the service
  binding in the Application. Every Activity has to call
  acquireBinding() in their onCreate() methods and call releaseBinding()
  in onDestroy(). If the reference counter reaches zero the binding is
  released.

I agree, BUT you shouldn't do it in onDestroy - that will often not get called.
Instead I suggest the following (based on your code sample)...
// Base Activity for all other Activities
abstract class MyBaseActivity extend Activity {
    protected MyApp app;
    protected Binding binding;

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedBundleState) {
        super.onCreate(savedBundleState);
        this.app = (MyApp) getApplication();
        this.binding = this.app.acquireBinding();
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        // Pre-HC, activity is killable after this.
        if ((11 > Build.VERSION.SDK_INT) && (isFinishing()))
            onFinishing();
    }

    @Override
    protected void onStop() {
        super.onStop();
        if ((10 < Build.VERSION.SDK_INT) && (isFinishing()))
            onFinishing();
    }

    protected void onFinishing() {
        // Do all activity clean-up here.
        this.app.releaseBinding();
    }
}

BUT, my use of isFinishing() is just a thought - I'm not certain that it is reliable.  Perhaps onPause/onStop get called with isFinishing() false, but then the activity gets killed - and your releaseBinding() never gets called.
If you get rid of the isFinishing check I think you need to move the acquireBinding() call from onCreate to onStart/onResume (depending on sdk version), to ensure that your ref count doesn't get messed up.
Who knew that releasing your app's service would be so complicated!

A: Is unbinding necessary at all in this case? The application gets killed anyway. I tried implementing a sample application doing this without unbinding and it seems to work properly.

A: I solved this problem by counting the references to the service binding in the Application. Every Activity has to call acquireBinding() in their onCreate() methods and call releaseBinding() in onDestroy(). If the reference counter reaches zero the binding is released.
Here's an example:
class MyApp extends Application {
    private final AtomicInteger refCount = new AtomicInteger();
    private Binding binding;

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        // create service binding here
    }

    public Binding acquireBinding() {
        refCount.incrementAndGet();
        return binding;
    }

    public void releaseBinding() {
        if (refCount.get() == 0 || refCount.decrementAndGet() == 0) {
            // release binding
        }
    }
}

// Base Activity for all other Activities
abstract class MyBaseActivity extend Activity {
    protected MyApp app;
    protected Binding binding;

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedBundleState) {
        super.onCreate(savedBundleState);
        this.app = (MyApp) getApplication();
        this.binding = this.app.acquireBinding();
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        this.app.releaseBinding();
    }
}

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text:
Partly Cloudy 50°. Wind: NE 6 mph.
Home » National News » Stepfather shoots son in stomach during alleged domestic dispute
Stepfather shoots son in stomach during alleged domestic dispute
Posted on January 19, 2020 by ABC News
MattGush/iStock(HOUSTON) — A 38-year-old man is in critical condition after his own stepfather allegedly shot him during a dispute in their home.The incident occurred on Saturday evening when police responded to a call in Harris County, Texas, that a man had been shot in his stomach, according to ABC News' Houston station KTRK-TV.When police arrived on the scene they found a man with a gunshot wound to his abdomen. He was immediately taken to a local hospital where he underwent surgery and is expected to survive.According to authorities, however, the shooting may have been an act of self-defense.Family members informed authorities that the 38-year-old stepson who lived with his elderly parents had been violent with them in the past and when an argument escalated on Saturday night, the stepfather allegedly pulled out a gun and shot his stepson once in the stomach.The victim's parents are cooperating with the police investigation.The case is expected to be sent to the grand jury where charges against the victim's stepfather will ultimately be decided. Copyright © 2020, ABC Audio. All rights reserved.
Carole Baskin relieved Joe Exotic did not receive presidential pardon: "He belongs in a cage"
Three soldiers dead after military helicopter crashes in upstate New York
Kamala Harris swears in 3 senators making their own history
Alex Trebek's final 'Jeopardy!' episodes were number one in syndication
Lucille Ball's daughter Lucie Arnaz defends casting Nicole Kidman in biopic


On a HOT Father's Day three current members, and a couple that soon will be, headed to the shade of Highland Park in Kokomo for the Kokomo Car Museum's Open Car Show. Those displaying their Corvettes were David & Jody Hall, Paul Habecker, and soon to be members Chris Childs & Heidi Harrison. The group kept their cool with Paul and Chris doing well as they got Best in Show for 1990 or newer. This is a tough show for Corvettes in general as the 'metal car' contingent always brings in tough competition for the show's trophies.
Check out the last picture, think how well Paul would have done if he still had this car!!!


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Disney, Universal & Other Theme Parks
Ground Transportation (Bus, Lyft, Subway, Taxi, Train, Uber, etc.)
Newbies (& those who don't travel often)
Roadside Attraction
Home	Airports	Come See MCO….Grow (Based On What We've Seen So Far, The New Terminal Is Going To Rock!)
Come See MCO….Grow (Based On What We've Seen So Far, The New Terminal Is Going To Rock!)
by SharonKurheg August 9, 2019
Orlando International Airport (MCO) has had some growing pains in the past few years. In 2008 it was ranked as the 22nd busiest airport in the United States. 10 years later (2018 are the latest stats available) it's been ranked as the busiest airport in Florida (even busier than Miami!) and the 10th busiest in the country. So for the past couple of years now, it's been, well, something of a hot mess. But they're doing a lot to fix the problems…
We've found MCO to have been pretty proactive in making its passengers aware of what's going on – from warnings to give themselves extra time when a new security procedure was underway, to letting people know the current parking situation…
MCO Parking Update 🚗
Terminal Top ❌
A/B Garage ❌
Garage C ✅
Economy Lots ✅
Please follow signage to Garage C & economy lots. Picking up? Use our free cell lots.
🔗 https://t.co/RwIZfKUgGN
— Orlando International Airport (@MCO) July 25, 2019
(Psst! We recommend off site parking. It's always cheaper and, depending on where at MCO you park, sometimes faster. Sorry not sorry, MCO)
But the airport is still bursting at the seams, and they know it.
So for the past year and a half, they've been working on (FINALLY!) a new Terminal. South of the original Terminals A and B, the South Terminal (also known as Terminal C…they tend to use both interchangeably, although "Terminal C" is what's on the signage) is slowing rising from the dirt. Sand. Whatever we have here in Central Florida. I think it's sand.
The first thing they completed was the Terminal C parking garage (whoop whoop! More parking! OK, it's $17/day parking but still…more parking!), as well as the automated people mover (APM) to Terminal C, which is up and running (well, of course it is…people are parking in the garage over there!). This whole South/Terminal C Complex is also where the Virgin Train will eventually stop, perhaps on its way to Walt Disney World and then Tampa, who knows?
I went to Rhode Island not long ago and purposely got to MCO on the early side (thanks for the ride, Janey!) so I could ride the APM over to see how the construction and everything was going. Here are some pictures:
Front car of the APM. It's 100% automatic and driverless, so I'm not sure why there's a windshield wiper there, or who it's for, but there ya go // PC: Me
South Airport APM Complex and Intermodal Terminal Facility, facing north(ish). I'm guessing the train will load/unload on the other side of those windows on the right // PC: Me
^^^ Current "art" installation in Terminal C, called Lightly Salted, to commemorate the 1-year anniversary that Southwest stopped serving peanuts on its planes. Because someone at MCO has a sense of humor 😉 // PC: Me
Panorama of where the monorail drops off/picks up at the South/Terminal C Complex. Terminal C parking are those doors on the right // PC: Me
Current situation: Building the actual Terminal C. Estimated completion: Late 2021. It will add 19 gates to MCO // PC: Me
But if you'd like an idea of what the whole complex will look like when it's all constructed, you don't have to go any further than MCO's official Twitter account:
There's been some exciting renderings released in town lately but may we say that we also have something 𝙀𝙋𝙄𝘾 coming soon. 😏 pic.twitter.com/TKGnZNejSY
— Orlando International Airport (@MCO) August 5, 2019
So yeah, we're really excited about the new terminal. Late 2021 feels like forever away, but we have patience.
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This post first appeared on Your Mileage May Vary
constructionMCOOrlandoOrlando International Airport
Christian August 9, 2019 - 5:48 pm
Wow. I haven't been to MCO since my late teens in the 80's, when it had maybe a dozen gates. It's a tad bigger now.
If I remember my 8th grade history, southern Florida sits on a bed of oolitic limestone, with swamp and stuff on top.
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If you have a few minutes I'd like to tell you about my guild. It's called Axiom and golly gee, we got a swell bunch of people. We have a strong core group of players and a very high rate of getting gold on raids. Our hit percentage rpp ratio to valor statistic is 98.09% and.....a.....a.I'm sorry....listen, my head just fogs over with all this math, here's the deal. I enjoy playing BOH and I assume you do as well. Well, half the game is actually playing it, but the other half is the guild. That is where you make some great friends that keep you having fun while improving your toon. Why should you take a look at Axiom? One word, Really Awesome Benefits! Now you're asking me, "Nutella, thats three words and what the hell are these benefits?" First things first, please watch the language man, it's just a game, chill, seriously. Secondly....let me show you!
Last edited by Famous_Fella_O_Nutella on Wed May 14, 2014 3:57 pm, edited 2 times in total.
This is our guild gazebo. If you look close you will notice it has a hot tub in there. It's in a great location, our GM is a real estate guy and has purchased Axiom some great land in great locations. Our Guild Gazebo is conveniently located in Glenfort plains, within walking distance of Glenfort. The hot tub is cleaned by me personally and we have loads of fun there. We recently passed our health inspection and are all set for the summer!
By using the hot tub you agree to be filmed for my web site "www.hottubconfessions.com" and agree not to sue or seek any damages, royalties or compensation for your footage.
Last edited by Famous_Fella_O_Nutella on Wed May 14, 2014 4:08 pm, edited 2 times in total.
If you join Axiom you also get access to....THE GUILD VAULT! Presently most of it is occupied with my nutella jars but we are expanding it for all the silver, GS and other loot and armor we get from raids. It's very secure, under constant video surveillance, and hidden securely under our hot tub.
And...that is all Axiom has to offer....Just kidding how about this?! We brew our own BEER! Our good friend Mr. Vilteran personally brews each bottle of fresh beer. Mmmmm why not try some today?
But Nutella, you say, that's all great that you have cool benefits but what about the PEOPLE! Well, we definitely have people in this guild! Some of them are even pretty cool! Allow me to introduce Miss Majestical! With a cool drink in one hand and a whip in the other, you can find our Maj getting a foot rub from one of our guild members while lounging by the hot tub. This Southern Belle isn't trying to be noticed....but she won't be ignored! If you're lucky you may even get her to glare at you and say "..." if you say something stupid enough. I do it at least twice a week! How many times can YOU offend Maj?
Oh! There he is! Sorry folks he was busy tending to the hops fields, Mr. Vilt won't let them wilt! Working in our brewery, experimenting with different blends, our own Vilteran is always serving up a nice cold frosty one. The Glenfort plains have some really good soil and unique conditions. Try his brand new bold ale "Essence" and his take refreshing dark lager "Vilepaw" guaranteed to hit you as hard as that bear does!
You forgot pants free raids on Fridays.


text:
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Aug 1;90(15):6981-5.
Chlamydomonas mutants affected in the light-dependent step of sexual differentiation.
Buerkle S1, Gloeckner G, Beck CF.
Institut für Biologie III, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Federal Republic of Germany.
Sexual differentiation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is induced by the consecutive action of two extrinsic cues--nitrogen deprivation and blue light. The definition of a blue light-dependent step in gamete formation provided a basis for the isolation of mutants altered in the signal transduction pathway by which light controls sexual differentiation. In one mutant (lrg1), gamete formation has become light independent. In the other mutant (lrg2), perception or transduction of the light signal appears to be partially impaired. In both mutants, the expression of genes activated by light in the late phase of gamete formation is affected. Genetic analyses showed that genes LRG1 and LRG2 are linked. The recessive nature of the lrg1-1 mutation implies that the gene encodes a negative factor or a protein that controls the activity of a negative factor. In the case of lrg2-1, neither wild-type nor mutant allele was dominant. Rather, two copies of the lrg2-1 gene simulate a wild-type phenotype. The identification of genetic loci in the pathway for blue light-mediated differentiation provides a basis for the isolation of signal transduction genes in Chlamydomonas.
PMC47059
10.1073/pnas.90.15.6981
Publication type, MeSH terms, Substance
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/cytology
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii/physiology*
Genes, Recessive
Sex Differentiation
HighWire - PDF


Dr. Garry J. Smith has spent many years at the forefront of critical gambling research in Canada. In this interview he talks about the genesis of the Alberta Gambling Research Institute, how sociology brings a different lens to gambling studies than psychology, why he speaks out against certain aspects of commercial gambling, the relationship between fun and fairness, and the critical gaps in research that need to be added to address the inherent conflicts of interest that occur with self-regulated gambling.
The interview was conducted by academics Fiona Nicoll and Mark R Johnson on 29 November, 2017. A transcript of the conversation was edited for publication. As part of this process, both interviewers and the interviewee were invited to edit their remarks.
Nicoll, Fiona and Johnson, Mark R.. ""I've always been outspoken on what I think can be improved": An Interview with Dr. Garry J. Smith." Journal of Law and Social Policy 30. (2018): 207-219.


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text:
package com.azure.cosmos.spark

import com.azure.cosmos.implementation.TestConfigurations
import com.azure.cosmos.spark.diagnostics.BasicLoggingTrait
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.node.ObjectNode

import java.util.UUID

class SparkE2EGatewayQueryITest
extends IntegrationSpec
    with SparkWithDropwizardAndSlf4jMetrics
    with CosmosGatewayClient
    with AutoCleanableCosmosContainer
    with BasicLoggingTrait
    with MetricAssertions {

  val objectMapper = new ObjectMapper()

  //scalastyle:off multiple.string.literals
  //scalastyle:off magic.number
  //scalastyle:off file.size.limit
  //scalastyle:off null

  // NOTE: due to some bug in the emulator, sub-range feed range doesn't work
  // "spark.cosmos.read.partitioning.strategy" -> "Restrictive" is added to the query tests
  // to ensure we don't do sub-range feed-range
  // once emulator fixed switch back to default partitioning.
  "spark query" can "basic nested query" in {
    val cosmosEndpoint = TestConfigurations.HOST
    val cosmosMasterKey = TestConfigurations.MASTER_KEY

    CosmosClientMetrics.meterRegistry.isDefined shouldEqual true
    val meterRegistry = CosmosClientMetrics.meterRegistry.get

    val id = UUID.randomUUID().toString

    val rawItem = s"""
                     | {
                     |   "id" : "$id",
                     |   "nestedObject" : {
                     |     "prop1" : 5,
                     |     "prop2" : "6"
                     |   }
                     | }
                     |""".stripMargin

    val objectNode = objectMapper.readValue(rawItem, classOf[ObjectNode])

    val container = cosmosClient.getDatabase(cosmosDatabase).getContainer(cosmosContainer)
    container.createItem(objectNode).block()

    val cfg = Map("spark.cosmos.accountEndpoint" -> cosmosEndpoint,
      "spark.cosmos.accountKey" -> cosmosMasterKey,
      "spark.cosmos.useGatewayMode" -> "true",
      "spark.cosmos.database" -> cosmosDatabase,
      "spark.cosmos.container" -> cosmosContainer,
      "spark.cosmos.read.partitioning.strategy" -> "Restrictive"
    )

    val df = spark.read.format("cosmos.oltp").options(cfg).load()
    val rowsArray = df.where("nestedObject.prop2 = '6'").collect()
    rowsArray should have size 1

    val item = rowsArray(0)
    item.getAs[String]("id") shouldEqual id

    assertMetrics(meterRegistry, "cosmos.client.op.latency", expectedToFind = true)
    assertMetrics(meterRegistry, "cosmos.client.req.gw", expectedToFind = true)
    assertMetrics(meterRegistry, "cosmos.client.req.rntbd", expectedToFind = false)
    assertMetrics(meterRegistry, "cosmos.client.rntbd", expectedToFind = false)
    assertMetrics(meterRegistry, "cosmos.client.rntbd.addressResolution", expectedToFind = false)
  }
  //scalastyle:on magic.number
  //scalastyle:on multiple.string.literals
  //scalastyle:on file.size.limit
  //scalastyle:on null
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Claytonia parviflora ssp. parviflora, a dicot, is an annual herb that is native to California, is also found outside of California, but is confined to western North America.
/app/up/mg/47/th/14225.jpg:!/app/up/mg/47/th/14224.jpg:!/app/up/mg/47/th/14221.jpg:!/app/up/io/32/th/io9642-0.jpg:!/app/up/mg/47/th/14222.jpg:!0000 0000 0313 5012:!0000 0000 1208 0615:!0000 0000 1208 0616:!0000 0000 1209 1660:! 2017 Gary McDonald:!2017 Gary McDonald:!2017 Gary McDonald:!2019 Angelique Herman:!2017 Gary McDonald:!2013 Gary McDonald:!2008 Keir Morse:!2008 Keir Morse:!2009 Barry Breckling:! po66992:!po66992:!po66992:!io9642:!po66992:!:!:!:!:!


text:
Q: For the below code it should show 01/01/currentyear in startdate and in enddate For the above requirement, we need to show 01/01/current-Year in the start date input field and in the end-date input field it should display the current day date. This condition is satisfied for the below code.
Currently, it is allowing me to take the dates irrespective of the year but while submitting the button it is again taking on the current year dates with the below code.

//current month and year
var yearNow = new Date().getFullYear();
var monthNow = new Date().getMonth() + 1;

//set the start date's field value to current year
document.getElementById('date-start').value = "01/01/" + yearNow;

//set the value of the end date field to current date
document.getElementById('date-end').value = monthNow + "/" + new Date().getDate() + "/" + yearNow;
Start Date
<input class="date-picker" id="date-start">
End Date
<input class="date-picker" id="date-end">

Key Note: For the above code it should show 01/01/currentyear in startdate and in enddate it should display the current day date but when we select different dates also it should work after submitting the button also.
By default, it should display 01/01/currentyear in startdate and in enddate it should display the current day date
for the datetime-local it is taking 6 digits for the year it should only 4 digits for year


NORWALK — Robert Bruce Carpenter, 35, of Norwalk died July 23, 2018. He was born Aug. 17, 1982. He died unexpectedly on July 23 and his heart could not be kept going.
He was survived by His mother Althea, Two brothers Jeremiah Crain and Brandon Johnson, Sister Alicia and Tray Irby and one son Robert Bryce Carpenter. He was preceded by his brothers Shane Sexton and Larry Thornsberry.
He was an Iron worker by trade but could accomplish anything he put his mind too. He had an outgoing personality and was loved by many and will be missed dearly. The moments he held most dear too him were those with his son and his sons mother Alicia.
Though he made many mistakes in his life, he loved his son dearly. His family loved him; he just didn't know how to be a family man.
His family will be having a private celebration of life party in his honor.


The final return leg of the Orange Confederation Cup 2015 between Etoile Sportive du Sahel (Tunisia) and Orlando Pirates (South Africa) will take place on Sunday, 29 November 2015 at the Olympic Stadium in Sousse at 15H00 local time (14H00 GMT).
The initial kick-off was 19H30 local time on the same day.
This decision is upon a request by Etoile du Sahel submitted to the Confederation Africaine de Football (CAF) on Wednesday, 25 November 2015, in response to recent events in Tunisia, which has compelled authorities to declare a nationwide curfew.
The decision by CAF was taken in consultation with the Fédération Tunisienne de Football and the Tunisian Ministry of Interior.
Meanwhile, officials designated for the match remain unchanged.


text:
package org.apache.flink.runtime.state;

import org.apache.flink.api.common.JobID;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.typeutils.TypeSerializer;
import org.apache.flink.core.fs.CloseableRegistry;
import org.apache.flink.metrics.MetricGroup;
import org.apache.flink.runtime.execution.Environment;
import org.apache.flink.runtime.query.TaskKvStateRegistry;
import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.memory.ByteStreamStateHandle;
import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.memory.MemCheckpointStreamFactory;
import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.memory.NonPersistentMetadataCheckpointStorageLocation;
import org.apache.flink.runtime.state.ttl.TtlTimeProvider;

import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
import javax.annotation.Nullable;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.HashMap;

/**
 * A testing implementation of the {@link CheckpointStorageCoordinatorView}.
 */
@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class TestingCheckpointStorageCoordinatorView implements CheckpointStorage, java.io.Serializable {

	private final HashMap<String, TestingCompletedCheckpointStorageLocation> registeredSavepoints = new HashMap<>();

	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
	//  test setup methods
	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------

	public void registerSavepoint(String pointer, byte[] metadata) {
		registeredSavepoints.put(pointer, new TestingCompletedCheckpointStorageLocation(pointer, metadata));
	}

	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
	//  CheckpointStorageCoordinatorView methods
	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------

	@Override
	public boolean supportsHighlyAvailableStorage() {
		return false;
	}

	@Override
	public boolean hasDefaultSavepointLocation() {
		return false;
	}

	@Override
	public CompletedCheckpointStorageLocation resolveCheckpoint(String externalPointer) throws IOException {
		final CompletedCheckpointStorageLocation location = registeredSavepoints.get(externalPointer);
		if (location != null) {
			return location;
		} else {
			throw new IOException("Could not find savepoint for pointer: " + externalPointer);
		}
	}

	@Override
	public void initializeBaseLocations() throws IOException {}

	@Override
	public CheckpointStorageLocation initializeLocationForCheckpoint(long checkpointId) throws IOException {
		return new NonPersistentMetadataCheckpointStorageLocation(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
	}

	@Override
	public CheckpointStorageLocation initializeLocationForSavepoint(long checkpointId, @Nullable String externalLocationPointer) throws IOException {
		return new NonPersistentMetadataCheckpointStorageLocation(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
	}

	@Override
	public CheckpointStreamFactory resolveCheckpointStorageLocation(
			long checkpointId,
			CheckpointStorageLocationReference reference) {
		return new MemCheckpointStreamFactory(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
	}

	@Override
	public CheckpointStreamFactory.CheckpointStateOutputStream createTaskOwnedStateStream() {
		return new MemCheckpointStreamFactory.MemoryCheckpointOutputStream(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
	}

	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
	//  Utils
	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------

	public StateBackend asStateBackend() {
		return new FactoringStateBackend(this);
	}

	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
	//  internal support classes
	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------

	private static final class TestingCompletedCheckpointStorageLocation
			implements CompletedCheckpointStorageLocation, java.io.Serializable {

		private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

		private final String pointer;
		private final byte[] metadata;

		TestingCompletedCheckpointStorageLocation(String pointer, byte[] metadata) {
			this.pointer = pointer;
			this.metadata = metadata;
		}

		@Override
		public String getExternalPointer() {
			return pointer;
		}

		@Override
		public StreamStateHandle getMetadataHandle() {
			return new ByteStreamStateHandle(pointer, metadata);
		}

		@Override
		public void disposeStorageLocation() throws IOException {}
	}

	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
	//   Everything below here is necessary only to make it possible to
	//   pass the CheckpointStorageCoordinatorView to the CheckpointCoordinator
	//   via the JobGraph, because that part expects a StateBackend
	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * A StateBackend whose only purpose is to create a given CheckpointStorage.
	 */
	private static final class FactoringStateBackend implements StateBackend {

		private final TestingCheckpointStorageCoordinatorView testingCoordinatorView;

		private FactoringStateBackend(TestingCheckpointStorageCoordinatorView testingCoordinatorView) {
			this.testingCoordinatorView = testingCoordinatorView;
		}

		@Override
		public CompletedCheckpointStorageLocation resolveCheckpoint(String externalPointer) throws IOException {
			return testingCoordinatorView.resolveCheckpoint(externalPointer);
		}

		@Override
		public CheckpointStorage createCheckpointStorage(JobID jobId) throws IOException {
			return testingCoordinatorView;
		}

		@Override
		public <K> AbstractKeyedStateBackend<K> createKeyedStateBackend(Environment env, JobID jobID, String operatorIdentifier, TypeSerializer<K> keySerializer, int numberOfKeyGroups, KeyGroupRange keyGroupRange, TaskKvStateRegistry kvStateRegistry, TtlTimeProvider ttlTimeProvider, MetricGroup metricGroup, @Nonnull Collection<KeyedStateHandle> stateHandles, CloseableRegistry cancelStreamRegistry) throws Exception {
			throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
		}

		@Override
		public OperatorStateBackend createOperatorStateBackend(Environment env, String operatorIdentifier, @Nonnull Collection<OperatorStateHandle> stateHandles, CloseableRegistry cancelStreamRegistry) throws Exception {
			throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
		}
	}
}


Software in CCTV – can it replace the control system and can it be chargeable?
More and more, software is becoming the heart of the CCTV System……..
In days of old, a system would have one control point, and if additional control points were required, the system practically needed replicating in order to provide additional controls to another point.
Posted in IP CCTV | Comments Off on Software in CCTV – can it replace the control system and can it be chargeable?


Westinghouse PLK1R 120V Red Light Indicator Kit, Corrosion Resistant, New In Box. Box is a little rough but item is in excellent condition.
Click the button below to add the Westinghouse PLK1R 120V Red Light Indicator Kit - New to your wish list.


So many years...how much more can I stand?
MOVED: Has anyone tried praxil/paroxitine after withdrawing from benzo?
Anyone tried Lithium for depression?
"There must be . . ."
Do you still enjoy the sunshine on your face/body?
MOVED: Lexapro effective within hours, but too activating to continue.
Is this a depression symptom?
Any advice for the bone crushing depression in withdrawal?
What is the Science Behind Benzos Causing Severe Depression?
Does the Depression Actually Go Away?
Why is my Depression Getting Worse?


text:
Q: Creating datatables I've a DataTable[having 5 columns] from db which has combined data.
I need to invoke a group by on this combined table and create 2 tables...one with groupedBy rows and other having items.
What would be fastest way to do this in C# code?
Also, I've written code below for adding columns for these 2 tables.Is that correct?
Heres my code:
string colName = "ACCOUNT_ID";
var allRows = combinedTable.AsEnumerable();

var accountRowGroups = allRows.GroupBy(row => row[colName]);

DataTable masterDataTable = new DataTable();
DataTable childPricesDataTable = new DataTable();

// Create the columns
            DataColumnCollection pdCols = combinedTable.Columns;
            for (int ndx = 0; ndx < pdCols.Count; ndx++)
            {
                string columnName = pdCols[ndx].ColumnName;
                Type type = Type.GetType(pdCols[ndx].DataType.ToString());

                masterDataTable.Columns.Add(columnName, type);
                childPricesDataTable.Columns.Add(columnName, type);

            }

A: See a similar question here: How to merge multiple DataTable objects with group by with C# and concatinating duplicate rows?
I agree with duffymo, do it in SQL rather than data in-memory.
However if that isn't an option:
You can add a relationship between the two DataTables: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ay82azad(v=vs.71).aspx
Then you can run group by's on the combined datatables: http://codecorner.galanter.net/2009/04/20/group-by-and-aggregates-in-net-datatable/
Here is a proper example from the SQL Team:
http://weblogs.sqlteam.com/davidm/archive/2004/05/20/1351.aspx
public static DataTable GROUPBY(DataTable Table, DataColumn[] Grouping, string[] AggregateExpressions, string[] ExpressionNames, Type[] Types)
        {

            if (Table.Rows.Count == 0)

                return Table;

            DataTable table = SQLOps.PROJECT(Table, Grouping);

            table.TableName = "GROUPBY";

            for (int i = 0; i < ExpressionNames.Length; i++)
            {

                table.Columns.Add(ExpressionNames[i], Types[i]);

            }

            foreach (DataRow row in table.Rows)
            {

                string filter = string.Empty;

                for (int i = 0; i < Grouping.Length; i++)
                {

                    //Determine Data Type

                    string columnname = Grouping[i].ColumnName;

                    object o = row[columnname];

                    if (o is string || DBNull.Value == o)
                    {

                        filter += columnname + "='" + o.ToString() + "' AND ";

                    }

                    else if (o is DateTime)
                    {

                        filter += columnname + "=#" + ((DateTime)o).ToLongDateString()

                              + " " + ((DateTime)o).ToLongTimeString() + "# AND ";

                    }

                    else

                        filter += columnname + "=" + o.ToString() + " AND ";

                }

                filter = filter.Substring(0, filter.Length - 5);

                for (int i = 0; i < AggregateExpressions.Length; i++)
                {

                    object computed = Table.Compute(AggregateExpressions[i], filter);

                    row[ExpressionNames[i]] = computed;

                }

            }

            return table;

        }

A: It's not direct answer to your question but maybe alternative (I believe better) way to solve your problem.
If I understand correctly you have DataTable, some defined manipulations/filters and want return modfied DataTable as result. But in practice the result DataTable hasn't known shape (it may be different depending columns in filter).
Consider using linq instead of manipulating DataTables and DataRelations. Linq gives support for all mentioned by you operations: grouping, filtering, trimming and many more.
As the result you may return object which is bindable also, so you may use it in your grid, but the method definition will be much cleaner.


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Hot sake has a dicey reputation, and it's mostly deserved. But at Public in New York City, master mixologist Eben Freeman is heating up quality sake and using it as the base for two warming, delicious new creations.
Hot sake has a dicey reputation, and it's mostly deserved: Typical sushi restaurants use low-end sake (the stuff that comes in big cardboard cartons) because the heat masks the flavor. But at Public in New York City, master mixologist Eben Freeman is heating up quality sake—Kamoizumi Junmai Three Dots, which is specifically made to be drunk warm—and using it as the base for two warming, delicious new creations.
Freeman was inspired by dashi, the umami-packed broth that serves as the base for many Japanese dishes, when he created his savory hot sake. He places a square of kombu (seaweed) and bonito shavings in the bottom of a cup. When guests pour the hot sake from the tokkuri into the cup, everything begins to steep. At first the flavors are subtle, but as you continue to refill the cup and drink the sake, more and more of the intensely savory flavors come through. It's like a restorative, alcoholic broth. It's comforting, cozy and unique. "It's not for the weak of heart," Freeman says.
Freeman had hot toddies in mind when he came up with the citrus hot sake. He preps a cup with a shiso leaf, yuzu juice, yuzu zest and Japanese rock sugar. Like the savory sake, the citrus sake changes over time. At first the bright, tart, nasal-clearing yuzu and aromatic shiso come through. Then, as the sugar dissolves, the drink gets sweeter, leaving you with a way-too-easy-to-guzzle hot cocktail.


text:
package com.facebook.buck.jvm.java.intellij;

import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSortedSet;

import java.nio.file.Path;

/**
 * A path which contains a set of sources we wish to present to IntelliJ.
 */
public class TestFolder extends InclusiveFolder {

  public static final IJFolderFactory FACTORY = new IJFolderFactory() {
    @Override
    public IjFolder create(
        Path path, boolean wantsPrefix, ImmutableSortedSet<Path> inputs) {
      return new TestFolder(path, wantsPrefix, inputs);
    }
  };

  TestFolder(Path path, boolean wantsPackagePrefix, ImmutableSortedSet<Path> inputs) {
    super(path, wantsPackagePrefix, inputs);
  }

  TestFolder(Path path) {
    super(path);
  }

  @Override
  public IJFolderFactory getFactory() {
    return FACTORY;
  }
}


text:
MA Divorce Case - Massachusetts Appellate Case - Rosenblatt vs. Rosenblatt
HAROLD R. ROSENBLATT vs. MINDY KAZLOW-ROSENBLATT
No. 94-P-217.
Norfolk. January 18, 1995.---October 4, 1995.
Present: BROWN, SMITH, & JACOBS, JJ.
Further appellate review granted, 421 Mass. 1106 (1995).
Divorce and Separation, Division of property, Attorney's fees, Alimony. Contract, Antenuptial agreement. Husband and Wife, Antenuptial agreement.
The record of a divorce proceeding supported the judge's findings that an antenuptial agreement was properly executed by the parties and that, as to the division of property thereunder, it was fair and reasonable both at the time of execution and at the time of divorce and further that the alimony waiver provision was not fair and reasonable at the time of execution or at the time of divorce and was invalid and unenforceable. [298--299]
In a divorce proceeding the judge, in awarding alimony to the wife, did not base her determination on the proper standard, viz., the way in which the parties led their lives during the marriage: the matter was remanded to the Probate Court for reconsideration of the issues of alimony and attorney's fees. [299--301]
CIVIL ACTION commenced in the Norfolk Division of the Probate and Family Court Department on May 22, 1992.
The case was heard by Christina L. Harms, J.
William M. Levine (Charles J. Bowser, Jr., with him) for Mindy Kazlow-Rosenblatt.
Anne L. Berger for Harold R. Rosenblatt.
BROWN, J. This is an appeal by the wife from a judgment of divorce nisi. The central question is whether the antenuptial agreement between the parties was valid. In addition, the wife claims the judge abused her discretion by (1) limiting alimony to a lump sum amount of $78,000 and (2) by not awarding her counsel fees and expenses.
The wife and the husband were married on October 15, 1983. At the time of the marriage the wife was twenty-eight years old and worked as a physical therapist; the husband was a physician. They had lived together for approximately one year before their marriage.
About one month before the wedding the husband informed the wife that he wanted the wife to execute a prenuptial agreement. The husband's attorney drafted the agreement which the husband showed the wife several days before they were to marry. The wife neither sought legal advice nor negotiated with the husband with regard to the agreement.
The husband signed the agreement in the presence of his attorney. On the night before they were scheduled to leave for New Jersey for the wedding, he presented it to the wife for her signature. He told the wife if she failed to sign the agreement he would not marry her. With the husband's mother as a witness, the wife signed the prenuptial agreement. Because the wife's signing of the agreement was not notarized, she, at the urging of her husband, signed it again several months after the wedding in the presence of a notary.
The couple remained married for ten years. They were separated twice within that period: once for about ten months and again, briefly, before the institution of the divorce proceeding. No children were born of the marriage.
1. The agreement. A properly executed antenuptial agreement will be binding between the parties as long as it was "fair and reasonable" at the time of execution and "fair and reasonable at the time of the judgment nisi." Upham v. Upham, 36 Mass. App. Ct. 295, 299--300 (1994). The Probate Court judge found that the agreement was properly executed and that as to the division of property it was fair and reasonable both at the time of execution and at the time of divorce. The judge determined, however, that the alimony waiver provision of the agreement was "not fair nor reasonable" either at the time of execution or at the time of divorce, and that that portion of the agreement was, therefore, invalid and unenforceable.
The record contains sufficient evidence to support the judge's findings. The crucial fact is that the wife voluntarily re-signed the agreement several months after the marriage ceremony.(fn1) The record is devoid of evidence that would suggest fraud, misrepresentation, or undue duress.(fn2) Therefore, the judge's determination that the couple had a valid antenuptial agreement as to property division was not error.
2. Alimony. As the probate judge correctly stated: "There is no specific formula to be followed for an award of alimony; rather the court should consider all relevant factors and thereafter fashion a judgment appropriate to those factors." The judge based her decision to order a lump sum alimony payment on two alternative theories: (1) the "transition" theory and (2) the "compensation for home improvement efforts" theory. The purpose of the transition theory was "to phase out (or scale down) ... the financial status she expected and enjoyed while married to her husband, and to return to being single and economically self-sufficient." The judge's rationale for an alimony award under the compensation theory was that the wife "deserve[d] some economic compensation for the substantial time and effort ... that she put into the extensive renovations and improvements that the couple undertook upon the husband's house."(fn3) Under the transition theory the judge found that a lump sum of $78,000 would be appropriate and that under the compensation theory the award would be $57,000. After accounting for the tax implications involved in the award under each theory, she determined that the amounts were approximately the same. The judgment ultimately entered provided for a lump sum payment of $78,000 under the transition theory.
Although the judge appropriately considered all the G. L. c. 208, § 34, factors, she applied the incorrect legal standard when determining the amount of alimony to grant to the wife. When resolving alimony disputes, "[t]he standard of need is measured by the 'station' of the parties---by what is required to maintain a standard of living comparable to the one enjoyed during the marriage" (emphasis supplied). Grubert v. Grubert, 20 Mass. App. Ct. 811, 819 (1985). See also Kehoe v. Kehoe, 31 Mass. App. Ct. 958, 958--959 (1992), and cases cited. Here, the judge departed from the traditional standard used to determine an award of alimony. Instead, she awarded a lump sum of money under her "transition" theory, the intended effect of which was to cause the wife to scale down her life-style from that which she enjoyed while married. She reasoned that, because this was a short to medium length, childless marriage, it made more sense, in this case, to restore the parties to "their status quo ante."(fn4)
In support of her ruling the judge relied on two cases---Bacon v. Bacon, 26 Mass. App. Ct. 117 (1988), and Putnam v. Putnam, 5 Mass. App. Ct. 10, 14--16 (1977); each can be distinguished from the case at bar.
In Bacon, this court affirmed the lower court's property division award (alimony was not an issue) based on the probate judge's finding that the husband was capable of providing a life-style comparable to that which he had become accustomed to during the marriage. The court made no comment on a need to restore the parties to their status quo ante. In fact, the Bacon court specifically applied the proper standard in defining the parties' standard of living: "the way in which the parties led their lives during the marriage" (emphasis supplied). Bacon v. Bacon, supra at 121.
Putnam v. Putnam, supra, similarly concerns only the division of marital property, not the award of alimony. The "status quo ante" discussed in that case concerned only the disposition of marital property, and the court specifically noted that alimony should be treated differently. Id. at 14--15 & n.6. With regard to alimony, the court stated:
"The findings do not make out a case for alimony; the husband is not shown to be in need of support; we are told of no resources or debts of the parties not already mentioned; and the earning capacity of the husband appears to be substantially in excess of the wife's." Id. at 16.
Contrary to the husband's arguments, the court's language does not suggest that in short-term marriages the parties' standard of need is to be measured by their financial status prior to the marriage.
The judge should have applied the Grubert standard to determine the wife's alimony award. Accordingly, the alimony provision of the judgment is vacated, and this case is remanded to the Probate Court for reconsideration of the alimony issue.(fn5) Upon reconsideration, the wife's standard of need is to be measured by the standard of living she enjoyed during the marriage.
1 That she was presented with the agreement the night before they were to leave for the wedding would ordinarily raise suspicion; however, such uneasiness is diminished by her later re-signing of the document.
2 The pertinent part of the judge's findings is set out below.
"I find that (a) the wife was fully and fairly informed that she could and should consult with an attorney concerning the Antenuptial Agreement, but chose not to; (b) the Agreement fully and fairly discloses the assets of each party; (c) the wife fully and fairly understood the Agreement when she signed it; (d) the wife signed the Agreement voluntarily in the applicable legal sense of that term (that is, she understood that the document was important to the husband and that he probably would not marry her without it, she wanted to marry him, and she---although not happily---signed the document under those circumstances.) I find that there was no fraudulent concealment or misrepresentation of assets, nor any undue duress, when the Antenuptial Agreement was signed."
3 The parties do not argue and we do not reach the propriety of an award under the judge's novel "compensation" theory. We doubt, however, that compensation for services performed during the marriage is a valid basis for an alimony award for present support.
4 In her conclusions of law the judge wrote:
"Alimony is not necessarily required when both parties are self supporting and able to provide for themselves in a fashion reasonably equivalent to what they had established for themselves prior to the marriage. ... Restoration of the parties to their status quo ante often makes eminent sense in childless marriages of short or medium duration." (Emphasis supplied.)
5 Because alimony and attorney's fees are closely related, on remand, the court should also reconsider the issue of attorney's fees. See Grubert v. Grubert, 20 Mass. App. Ct. at 819.
Massachusetts Appellate Case - Rosenblatt vs. Rosenblatt


Every week we organise a group walk to raise money for charity. The walk costs €5 and all of the money goes directly to the charity we have chosen for that week.
The dates, times and meeting points of the Sunday walks are posted on our Facebook page as events a few days before the walk. (You will be able to access the page even if you are not a member of Facebook.
The Long Walk this year is on the Saturday 11th April. The route follows the coastline from Sant Antoni to Cala Comte - this is an easy section that is suitable for kids and people who are less mobile. After a well deserved picnic on the beach, things will get a little more serious as we carry on along the coast to Cala Tarida before heading inland over the hills. Passing through Sant Agusti for a quick pitstop along the way, we will finally arrive at Sant Josep, completing over 30km of walking.
The full event details are HERE on our dedicated website or HERE on Facebook.


text:
How Can a Cathedral Built From Trash Look So Beautiful? [Architecture]
Source: http://gizmodo.com/5736448/how-can-a-cathedral-built-from-trash-look-so-beautiful
The Queen may have Buckingham Palace, Nicholas Cage may own half of Europe's castles, but Don Justo has this beautiful cathedral of trash. He's been building it in Madrid for 50-odd years now, and is almost finished.
In fact, since he left his life as a monk 50 years ago and began building the cathedral (which is modelled on St. Peter's in Italy, along with the White House and other cathedrals and churches), he's built it up to 131-feet high, and just needs to add a roof and a few windows. Most of his building matter came from salvaged materials and junk, which he built up on his own land over 8,000sq/m with his own two hands.
While most countries wouldn't allow such building to take place without permission—especially not by someone lacking the necessary building qualifications—Madrid's council has turned a blind eye to Don Justo's cathedral. He is, however, pursing a permit so that visitors could come and worship in his Cathedral of Trash. [BBC via Inhabitat]
Posted by Augustine at 9:49 AM
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Reprinting on One Paper Only
Lit by Wind
A Fungus Is Destroying The World's Bananas [Bananas]


text:
\section{Introduction}

Understanding the resolved stellar populations of nearby galaxies
is vital to understanding the integrated light of
more distant galaxies. Extrapolating the properties of local, resolved
stellar populations is one method by which the properties of
the first generation of stars can be investigated \citep{sob15}.
Other examples of the benefits of studying
resolved stellar populations
range from constraining the formation and evolution of compact
objects \citep{leh14} to identifying the progenitors and
environments of supernovae (SNe) and other transients
\citep[e.g.,][]{pri08}.

The examination of individual stars in nearby galaxies can also
provide insight into stellar evolutionary theory.
The most luminous point sources will typically be the most
massive evolved stars \citep{hos14}. The characterization of
these sources sheds light on an otherwise poorly understood area of
modern stellar astrophysics. The later stages of evolution for
massive stars can produce copious amounts of intervening
circumstellar material, making observations difficult or
impossible in optical bands \citep{gva10,wac10,kha15a}.
Taking advantage of the largely
untapped potential for individual stellar investigations in
the local universe with mid-infrared (IR) \textit{Spitzer}
archival data, several forays into the stellar content of the
Local Group members \citep{mou08,bon09,tho09,bon10} were
performed. Investigations subsequently expanded to more distant
galaxies. For instance, \citet{kha13} searched for $\eta$ Carinae analogs,
uncovered an emerging class of evolved massive stars
\citep{kha15b}, and later discovered several $\eta$ Carinae
analogs \citep{kha15a}. \citet{wil15} extracted photometry from
archival \textit{Spitzer} Infrared Array Camera (IRAC)
images of the galaxy M83 and used color-magnitude diagrams
(CMD) of 3.6 $\mu$m and 4.5 $\mu$m photometry to identify
red supergiant (RSG) candidates. Mid-IR photometric candidates
of this kind have been shown via spectroscopic follow up
to indeed be RSGs (late-type stars with zero age main
sequence mass between $\sim8$ and $\sim30$ $M_{\odot}$) by
\citet{bri14,bri15}.

The aim of our work here is to continue to stockpile
mid-IR point source catalogs for nearby galaxies and their fields.
\citet{kha15c} presented catalogs of point sources in seven
nearby galaxies (M33, M81, NGC 247, NGC 300, NGC 2403, NGC 6822,
and NGC 7793) from mid-IR \textit{Spitzer} archival observations.
These catalogs can be used for stellar population investigations,
individual stellar object studies, and as a reference for planning
future mid-IR observations with the James Webb Space Telescope
\citep[JWST;][]{gar06}.

We start with a discussion concerning
our target selection in Section \ref{targets},
then we outline our photometric analysis
procedure in Section \ref{photometry}, and describe the
catalogs in Section \ref{catalogs}. Finally, we wrap up the
paper in Section \ref{summary} with a summary of possible
applications of sources found in this work.

\section{Target selection}\label{targets}

Galaxies were chosen that met the following criteria: 1) galaxies
for which point source catalogs from \textit{Spitzer} are not yet
published, 2)
galaxies close enough ($\lesssim$4 Mpc) that the resolution
allows measurements of individual stars, 3) galaxies outside the Local
Group, and 4) galaxies with a star formation rate listed in
\citet{ken08} with log ($L_{H\alpha (ergs/s)}$)>40. In order to ensure
the homogeneity of our data set, we also limited our sample to
galaxies within 4 Mpc that exist in the Local Volume
Legacy survey \citep[LVL;][]{dal09}, which has a
pixel scale of 0$\farcs$75.
There are a total of five galaxies meeting the above selection criteria:
NGC 55, NGC 253, NGC 2366, NGC 4214, and NGC 5253.
The properties of these galaxies are summarized in Table
\ref{table:gal_props} and their characteristics are described below.

NGC 55 is an edge-on
spiral galaxy associated with the Sculptor Group that likely is
part of a gravitationally bound pair with the galaxy NGC 300
\citep{van06} at a Tip of the Red Giant Branch (TRGB)
distance of 2.1$\pm$0.1 Mpc
\citep{tan11}. The proximity and size of NGC 55 make it a
prime target for studies of individual stars. For example,
\citet{cas12} spectroscopically studied several young,
massive B-type supergiants likely evolving toward the RSG
phase in NGC 55.

At the core of the Sculptor Group lies NGC 253,
shown in the IR to be a barred spiral of classification SAB(s)c
\citep{jar03} at 3.5$\pm$0.1 Mpc \citep{rad11}. Resolved individual
stars in NGC 253 have been used to study the disk structure and
halo \citep{gre14,bai11}, but evolved massive stars remain
largely unstudied.

NGC 2366 (DDO 42) is the closest member of the M81 Group of galaxies
at a distance of $\sim3.2$ Mpc \citep{kar02}. It is an irregular
galaxy that is a companion to NGC 2403, one of the main members
of the M81 Group. One exceptional massive evolved star was revealed
to be a luminous blue variable in outburst by \citet{dri01},
while the broader stellar population of
\textit{Hubble Space Telescope} (\textit{HST})
imaging fields revealed a few evolved massive star candidates
\citep{thu05,tik08}.

NGC 4214 is a dwarf irregular Magellanic-type
galaxy in the direction of the Canes Venatici cloud at a distance
of 2.7$\pm$0.3 Mpc \citep{dro02}. \textit{HST} observations of NGC
4214 \citep{ube07a} resolved individual massive evolved stars
and found a steep initial mass function for stars above
$20~M_{\odot}$ with several RSG and blue supergiant candidates
\citep{ube07b}.

Finally, NGC 5253 is a blue
compact dwarf galaxy in the M83 Group at a distance of 3.6$\pm$0.2
Mpc \citep{sak04}. The central region of NGC 5253 shows evidence
for a recent starburst and large numbers of young massive stars
\citep{cro99}.

\section{Photometry}\label{photometry}

The photometric analysis of the data made use of the DAOPHOT
\citep{ste87,ste92} package in IRAF\footnote{IRAF is distributed
by the National Optical Astronomy Observatory, which is operated by
the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) Inc.,
under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.}.
We began by following the routine described in \citet{wil15} for
the 3.6 $\mu$m and 4.5 $\mu$m mosaics separately. We first detected
point sources, then constructed a point-spread function (PSF) from
bright, isolated stars. In the LVL catalog, the 3.6 $\mu$m and
4.5 $\mu$m mosaics for the chosen galaxies do not overlap exactly,
meaning it was necessary to use different PSF stars for the two
bandpasses. PSF photometry was then performed on the entirety of the
point source catalogs. For the PSF stars, aperture photometry was
converted to the Vega system using the aperture corrections
and zero-point fluxes listed in the IRAC Instrument
Handbook\footnote{\url{http://irsa.ipac.caltech.edu/data/SPITZER/docs/irac/iracinstrumenthandbook/}}.
For the aperture photometry, we used a 3$\farcs$6 aperture radius,
with the sky annulus beginning at the edge of the
aperture radius and ending at a radius of 8$\farcs$4.
The offset between this calibrated aperture photometry
and the PSF photometry was then applied to the entire data set.
The Vega-calibrated PSF data sets in the 3.6 $\mu$m and 4.5 $\mu$m
catalogs were then coordinate-matched using J. D. Smith's
{\tt match\_2d.pro}\footnote{\url{http://tir.astro.utoledo.edu/jdsmith/code/idl.php}}.
\citet{kha15c} investigated the best coordinate matching radius
for their \textit{Spitzer} 3.6 $\mu$m and 4.5 $\mu$m catalogs.
They found that the majority of sources ($>$90\%) are matched within one half
pixel, with virtually all reasonable matches lying within one pixel.
Therefore, the matching criteria employed here uses a radius of
one pixel, or 0$\farcs$75. The final coordinates adopted for our
catalog come from the image header World Coordinate Systems in
3.6 $\mu$m mosaics.

After coordinate matching the two shortest wavelength bands, we
proceed to add to the catalog aperture photometry in
the 5.8 $\mu$m and 8.0 $\mu$m at the coordinates determined from
the 3.6 $\mu$m band. For instances where there is no object
in either of these bands, we use the local sky background,
which was measured at the position of the detection
in the 3.6 $\mu$m band, to
determine the limit of the magnitude. These instances
amounted to 3374 magnitude limits in the 5.8 $\mu$m band
and 5107 similarly measured objects in the 8.0 $\mu$m band.
These data were also calibrated by applying appropriate constants
from the IRAC Instrument Handbook, with the same extraction
apertures and sky annuli as for PSF stars in order
to calibrate the data for the 3.6 $\mu$m and 4.5 $\mu$m bands
(an aperture radius of 3$\farcs$6 and sky annulus of 4$\farcs$8).

The LVL survey \citep{dal09} created mosaic images of galaxies
constructed from a number of exposures in the fields of each
galaxy. Because of this, exposure times differed on a pixel-by-pixel
basis. Their ``coverage maps'' for each galaxy list a representative
exposure time for each pixel in the mosaic. For NGC 55, NGC 2366,
and NGC 4214, these exposure times are on average 500 seconds for
pixels close to the particular galaxy. For NGC 253, the exposure
times range between 300 and 500 seconds, with most pixels being
closer to 500 seconds. However, for the NGC 5253 mosaic, the
average exposure times are closer to 300 seconds. This may, in some
regard, mean the catalog for NGC 5253 is not as deep as those
for the other galaxies.

\section{Point Source Lists}\label{catalogs}

The total number of
point sources is 20159, with 8746 sources in NGC 55 (Table
\ref{table:NGC55}), 9001 sources in NGC 253 (Table \ref{table:NGC253}),
505 sources in NGC 2366 (Table \ref{table:NGC2366}),
1185 sources in NGC 4214 (Table \ref{table:NGC4214}), and
722 sources in NGC 5253 (Table \ref{table:NGC5253}).
Tables \ref{table:NGC55} through \ref{table:NGC5253} are available
in their entirety in the online version of the journal, but
a portion of the point source catalog for each individual galaxy
is shown here. The columns of the tables are uniform and include the
RA and Dec (J2000) in degrees followed by the PSF magnitudes and
associated uncertainties for the 3.6 $\mu$m and 4.5 $\mu$m bands,
with the last four columns containing the aperture photometry and
uncertainties in the 5.8 $\mu$m and 8.0 $\mu$m bandpasses.
Our uncertainty estimates come from the DAOPHOT PSF-fitting
or sky annuli for aperture photometry and do not include
calibration uncertainties. According to the
\textit{Spitzer} instrument handbook, typical calibration
uncertainties are on the order of $\sim$0.03 mag.
Each table is sorted by brightness in the 3.6 $\mu$m band. For any
measurement in the 5.8 $\mu$m or 8.0 $\mu$m bands that represents
a non-detection, an uncertainty of ``9.99'' is listed in order to
denote the estimate as a limit.

The catalogs list any point source meeting our criteria from
section \ref{photometry}. To estimate the completeness of
the catalogs, we constructed a histogram of photometry from
all galaxies in each bandpass for half-magnitude bins.
Because the number of sources should scale with
the volume sampled, and the volume sampled should scale according
to the limiting luminosity,
one expects a histogram to roughly follow a power law of order 3.
Therefore, 100\% completeness is lost where the histogram drops
off from this power law. Figures \ref{Band1_hist} through
\ref{Band4_hist} show the histogram distributions for the
3.6 $\mu$m through 8.0 $\mu$m bandpasses. In each case, the
drop off in the increase of detected sources is obvious, and
we estimate the limiting magnitudes of the catalogs to be
$m_{[3.6]}=18.0$, $m_{[4.5]}=17.5$, $m_{[5.8]}=17.0$, and $m_{[8.0]}=16.5$,
corresponding to an average absolute magnitude for
the galaxies of $M_{3.6}=-9.3$, $M_{4.5}=-9.8$, $M_{5.8}=-10.3$, and
$M_{8.0}=-10.8$.
These limits are consistent with those found for other
nearby galaxies \citep{kha15c}.

We can compare the number of sources
detected for our galaxies to the numbers detected by \citet{kha15c}.
Initially, it is clear that there are fewer sources
detected in our galaxies than in those from the
study by \citet{kha15c}. This is likely due to the interplay
of several factors. First, the mosaics analyzed by \citet{kha15c}
typically cover a larger area of the sky than those studied here
(compare Table 1 in \citealt{kha15c} to our
Table \ref{table:gal_props}). Second, a greater distance
to a particular galaxy will mean fewer detected point sources,
as is the case with NGC 7793 (at a distance of $\sim4.1$ Mpc)
in \citet{kha15c}. The last main factor in the difference is
due to the orientation and physical size of the galaxy in question.
Both NGC 55 and NGC 253, the galaxies with the two highest
number of point sources in our study, are highly inclined to
our line of sight. This means less projected area on the sky
for these galaxies, and fewer detected point sources. These
galaxies are also intrinsically smaller in size, containing
fewer stars, than M81, for example. In short, intrinsically
smaller galaxies, at higher inclination angles to our
line of sight, at on average larger distances, with mosaics
covering smaller areas on the sky mean fewer detected
point sources.

\citet{wil15} investigated the stellar content of M83, removing
sources that were not associated with the galaxy or were known
to not be stellar in nature (proper motion stars, clusters,
supernova remnants, and so on). Here, we are interested in
simply cataloging the point sources matched between the two
shortest wavelength IRAC bands. To illustrate the locations of
detected sources in our catalog, we present in Figures
\ref{NGC55_images} through \ref{NGC5253_images} the 3.6 $\mu$m
image of each galaxy with the positions of detected sources
overplotted, followed by an image of the galaxy without sources
shown. For each galaxy, red points denote the location of point
sources not likely to be associated with the galaxy, while
green points demarcate the regions inside isophotes for the
Kron radius for all galaxies but NGC 2366, where the isophote
described in \citet{dev91} was used.
Consequently, the green points are more probably
actual sources associated with each galaxy.

Figures \ref{NGC55_cmd} through \ref{NGC5253_cmd} show
color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) of [3.6] versus [3.6]$-$[4.5]
for each galaxy. The points follow the color scheme from the
images showing each galaxy, with green points representing
sources within the isophotes for with each galaxy, and red
points sources in the field of each galaxy. For each
magnitude bin, the average uncertainty was computed for both
the [3.6] magnitude and [3.6]$-$[4.5] color, and is
plotted as an ellipse on the left hand side of the plot.
For reference, lines are drawn to show the completeness
limit of $m_{[3.6]}=18.0$ mag and the color [3.6]$-$[4.5] = 0,
where most stars lie in the plot. In terms of absolute magnitudes,
the [3.6] limit corresponds to detections of all
objects brighter than $M_{3.6}=-10$ in every galaxy.
One other interesting
feature in the plot was explained by \citet{kha15c}. For
both NGC 55 and NGC 253, the two galaxies with the most
sources of those studied in this work, one can see a
``break'' at about the same magnitude as the completeness
limit. This feature is representative of the two different
populations in the photometry, one physically associated
with the galaxy, and another simply sharing the same region
of sky. \citet{kha15c} calls the second population
``contaminants''. This population contains foreground stars
near the [3.6]$-$[4.5] color of 0, some Milky Way Halo
late-type giants and
unresolved background galaxies in other regions
of the CMD. Red supergiants (RSGs) have
been empirically shown to exist in the region of negative
color space \citep{bon09,bon10}.
This is due to a suppression of the flux
in the 4.5 $\mu$m photometry owing to molecular bands,
most prominently CO \citep{ver09}. However, spectroscopic
investigations into the individual stellar components of
Local Group dwarf irregular galaxies have discovered
$\sim15$\% of new RSGs at positive colors in CMDs for
those galaxies \citep{bri14,bri15}.

As an example of the utility of our catalog, the analysis
of NGC 253 includes an RSG recently shown to be
associated with the ultraluminous X-ray (ULX) source,
RX J004722.4-252051 \citep{hei15}. Our photometry reveals
a color of $[3.6]-[4.5] = -0.43\pm0.36$, placing this object
squarely in the empirical region where RSGs are known to
exist. The absolute magnitude of this object is $M_{3.6}=-9.85$
again lying in the empirical RSG region, adding further,
independent support to the
authors' conclusions that the counterpart is a red supergiant.

\section{Summary}\label{summary}

We present \textit{Spitzer} point source catalogs
for 20159 total sources with photometric
measurements in the four IRAC bandpasses: 3.6 $\mu$m,
4.5 $\mu$m, 5.8 $\mu$m, and 8.0 $\mu$m. The point sources
have been extracted from the LVL \citep{dal09} mosaics
in the fields of the galaxies NGC 55 (8746 sources),
NGC 253 (9001 sources), NGC 2366 (505 sources),
NGC 4214 (1185 sources), and NGC 5253 (722 sources).
For all galaxies, this corresponds to detection of
point sources brighter than $M_{3.6}=-10$.

The catalogs presented here can be used for a number of
future works. Our particular interest lies in identifying
dusty evolved massive stars such as RSGs,
supergiant B[e] stars, luminous blue variables, and
rare Fe emission stars for follow-up
spectroscopy. Such identifications will enable a more
detailed study of the stellar populations of these
galaxies. This archive can also be used to plan
future mid-IR observations conducted with JWST to identify
and understand the nature of supernova progenitors
and supernova remnants \citep{leo10}. Finally, it will prove
useful for multiwavelength studies of targets in these fields,
such as X-ray binaries, as demonstrated by our identification
of a mid-IR counterpart for \textbf{t}he ULX in NGC 253.

\begin{acknowledgements}

We wish to thank the anonymous referee for a careful reading
of the text and suggesting improvements to clarify the
presentation of the material.
SJW and AZB acknowledge funding by the European Union
(European Social Fund) and National Resources under the
``ARISTEIA'' action of the Operational Programme ``Education
and Lifelong Learning'' in Greece.
This research has made use of the VizieR catalogue access tool,
CDS, Strasbourg, France. This work is based [in part] on observations
made with the
\textit{Spitzer Space Telescope}, which is operated by the Jet
Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under
a contract with NASA.

\end{acknowledgements}

\bibliographystyle{aa}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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