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The Meusebach–Comanche Treaty was a treaty made on May 9, 1847 between the private citizens of the Fisher–Miller Land Grant in Texas (United States), who were predominantly German in nationality, and the Penateka Comanche Tribe. The treaty was officially recognized by the United States government. In 1936, a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark, Marker number 991, was placed in San Saba County to commemorate the signing of the treaty.

Background
The Fisher-Miller land grant consisted of 3,878,000 acres (ca. 15,700 km²) between the Llano River and Colorado River, in the heart of the Comancheria. These lands constituted part of the hunting grounds of the Penateka Comanche Indians. When Henry Francis Fisher and Burchard Miller sold the grant to the Adelsverein, they were aware of the dangers of settling in Comancheria, but did not inform the Verein.  Likewise, the Verein accepted the sale on face value and did not question it.

This land was earmarked for the settlement of immigrants who arrived in Texas under the sponsorship of the Society for the Protection of German Immigrants. Prince Carl of Solms-Braunfels, the first Commissioner of the society, had made it clear from the onset of the settlement plans that he was determined to find a way to coexist peacefully with the fierce Penateka Comanche. He was unable to do so, however, until John O. Meusebach took charge of the affairs of the German immigrants. Under Meusebach's leadership, and with the help of Indian Agent Robert Neighbors, regular expeditions into Indian-controlled lands took place both to survey the lands the Society wished to settle, and to find and negotiate with the Penateka Comanche.

Role of the United States
Except for Neighbors, who regularly traveled safely into the Comancheria and who could offer anyone with him safe passage, other state and federal Government officials could not provide a guarantee of safe passage. Since military escorts for surveyors were unavailable, surveyors refused to enter the grant for fear of being attacked by the Indians. Thus, the United States played no role in this treaty, except to later recognize it. It remains the only treaty made between the Plains Tribe and settlers as private parties.

Dr. Friedrich A. Schubbert
While at Nassau Plantation, Meusebach designated Dr. Friedrich A. Schubbert (Friedrich Armand Strubberg) the director of the colony at Fredericksburg, recommended by Henry Francis Fisher.

Meusebach and the Penateka Comanche
The Fisher-Miller land grant awarded by the state of Texas contained provisions that the land had to be settled, or at least surveyed and settlement begun, by fall of 1847. Given these provisions, the Society realized it must either enter the Indian territory or forfeit the land grant. Meusebach raised a private mounted company including well-armed Germans and Mexicans, to protect American surveyors, who subsequently set out from Fredericksburg on January 22, 1847. Lorenzo de Rozas served as a guide and interpreter.  He had been kidnapped by Comanches as a child and understood the language and culture.

En route, the group was approached by several English-speaking Shawnee, and Meusebach engaged three as hunters.  The reddish-blonde haired John O. Meusebach was named El Sol Colorado (The Red Sun) by Penateka Comanche Chief Ketemoczy (Katemcy), who had encountered Meusebach and his group in the vicinity of present-day Mason. On February 18, they visited an old Spanish fort on the San Saba River, to determine viability for a settlement. It was a region said to be rich in silver deposits.  In the ruins of Presidio San Sabá, they found etched the names of previous mineral speculators, including that of Jim Bowie who had been there in 1829.  According to their agreement with Chief Ketemoczy, they returned to the Comanche camp at the next full moon, and commenced negotiations March 1–2, 1847.

Meusebach joined them in camp two days after their journey into the Comancheria began. Noted geologist Ferdinand von Roemer wrote a vivid and accurate account of the expedition which is still available. About ten days after the Meusebach group was gone, the Governor of Texas, James Pinckney Henderson, sent a Robert Neighbors to warn Meusebach of the possible consequences of entering Indian territory. He had been given orders that, had Meusebach already departed, to overtake them and offer to assist in the negotiations. Ferdinand von Roemer accompanied Neighbors. Unknown to the Governor, however, contacts with the Indians had already been made; Neighbors was able to convince Buffalo Hump to join, and the negotiations were fruitful. The final negotiating sessions took place on March 1 and 2 at the lower San Saba River Basin, about twenty-five miles from the Colorado River.

Roemer's description of the Penateka Comanche Chiefs
Roemer, a noted German scientist who was traveling in America at the time of the meetings in the mid- and late 1840s between the Society and the Comanche Chiefs, attended the council between the chiefs and white representatives. He described the three Penateka Comanche chiefs as 'serene and dignified,' characterizing Old Owl as 'the political chief' and Santa Anna as an affable and lively-looking 'war chief'. Roemer characterizes Buffalo Hump vividly as:

The Treaty parties
The treaty was made between the powerful chiefs Buffalo Hump, Santa Anna, Old Owl for the Penateka Comanche, and Meusebach for the Society. Meusebach was called "El Sol Colorado" by the Penateka Comanches. (The name came from his long, flaring red beard). The Treaty was ratified in Fredericksburg two months later. The treaty's provisions allowed Meusebach's settlers to go unharmed into the Comancheria, and the Penateka Comanche to go to the white settlements. It also promised mutual reports on wrongdoing, and promised that both sides would curtail their lawbreakers. It also provided for survey of lands in the San Saba area with a payment of at least $1,000 to the Indians.

The Penateka also requested that a representative of the German colonists serve as an in-house intermediary and live among them. Emil Kriewitz was assigned to be the intermediary, and went to live at the camp of war chief Santa Anna. The treaty opened more than  of land to settlement by the Society.

The Treaty today

Only five Adelsverein settlements were attempted in the Fisher-Miller land grant area:  Bettina, Castell, Leiningen, Meerholz, and Schoenburg.  Of these, only Castell survived. Fredericksburg borders on the grant, but does not fall within the grant itself.

The original Meusebach-Comanche treaty document was returned to Texas from Germany in 1970 by Mrs. Irene Marschall King, the granddaughter of John Meusebach. The document was presented to the Texas State Library in 1972, where it remains on display. The Treaty is one of the few pacts with Native Americans that was never broken.

Text of the treaty
Treaty Between the Comanche and the German Immigration Company

May 9, 1847

Treaty

Between the Commissary General of the German Immigration Company, John O. Meusebach, for himself and his successors and constituents for the benefit and in behalf of the German people living here and settling the country between the waters of the Llano and the San Saba of the one part and the chiefs of the Comanche Nation hereunto named and subscribed for themselves and their people of the other part, the following private treaty of peace and friendship has been entered into and agreed upon:

I. The German people and Colonists for the Grant between the waters of the Llano and the San Saba shall be allowed to visit any part of said country, and be protected by the Comanche Nation and the Chiefs thereof, in Consideration of which agreement the Comanche may likewise come to the German colonies towns and settlements, and shall have no cause to fear, but shall go wherever they please – if not counselled otherwise by the especial agent of  our great father – and have protection, as long as they walk in the white path.

II. In regard to the settlement on the Llano the Comanche promise not to disturb or in any way molest the German colonists, on the contrary, to assist them, also to give notice if they see Indians about the settlement who come to steal horses from or in any way molest the Germans – the Germans likewise promising to aid the Comanches against their enemies, should they be in danger of having their horses stolen or in any way to be injured. And both parties agree that if there be any difficulties or any wrong done by single bad men, to bring the name before the chiefs, to be finally settled and decided by the agent of our great father.

III. The Comanches and their great Chiefs grant to Mr. Meusebach, his successors and constituents the privilege of surveying the country as far as the Concho and even higher up, if he thinks proper to the Colorado and agree not to disturb or molest any men, who may have already gone up or yet to be sent up for that purpose. In consideration of which agreement the Commissary General Mr. Meusebach will give them presents to the amount of One Thousand Dollars, which with the necessary provisions to be given to the Comanches during their stay at Fredericksburgh will amount to about Two Thousand Dollars worth or more.

IV. And finally both parties agree mutually to use every exertion to keep up and even enforce peace and friendship between both the German and the Comanche people and all other colonists and to walk in the white path always and forever.

In witness whereof we have hitherunto set our hands, marks and seals. Done at Fredericksburgh on the water of the Rio Piedernales this ninth day of May A.D. 1847.

Notes

References

External links
Handbook of Texas Online

Battles involving the Comanche
Comanche tribe
Kiowa
Texas–Indian Wars
German-American history
German-American culture in Texas
Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks
United States and Native American treaties
Native American history of Texas
1847 in Texas

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Dr. Corbett is focused on technology policy innovation for 21st Century freight systems, with a focus on international shipping and coastal marine policy. He has more than 20 years' experience providing engineering, technology, and policy studies to industry, government, and other organizations. Dr. Corbett has joint faculty appointments in Civil and Environmental Engineering in the College of Engineering and in the School of Public Policy and Administration in the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Delaware. Dr. Corbett was a lead author of seminal studies evaluating international shipping's role in use of technology to meet stewardship goals. Among more than 175 publications, Dr. Corbett coauthored the 2000 IMO Study on Greenhouse Gases from Ships, the Second IMO Greenhouse Gas Study 2009, and the IMO Greenhouse Gas Study 2014.
Ph.D., Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, 1999.
M.S., Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 1998.
B.S., Marine Engineering Technology, California Maritime Academy, 1985.
P.E., Professional Engineer, Mechanical, State of California, 1993.
Shipping increasingly adopts stewardship measures through innovation and policy: cleaner fuels, treatment for invasive species, energy efficient technologies.
What changes in technology and policy may most transform 21st Century freight systems? How would we visualize these ideas for collaborative innovation?
This page presents summary data products and other research that may be used by colleagues, researchers, and the public.
Develops quantitative decision-making skills for science and technology policy decisions.
Problem-based learning course providing students experience in setting up, analyzing, and writing about complex interdisciplinary issues in coastal and ocean management.
2018: Cleaner fuels for ships provide public health benefits with climate tradeoffs.
57 Peer-reviewed journal articles; 11 Book chapters or sections; 51 Conference papers; 87 Reports; 6 Other (Dictionary/Editorial pieces).


Did you know Jerrererereemy Renner wanted Hawkeye killed off or that Will Smith was denied the change to make a song for Suicide Squad (perhaps this one is a joke)? Dave and The Mike talk about that, plus the trailers for Kong: Skull Island, The Great Wall, La La Land, and The Woods and then have a totally meta discussion about movie reviews!
Bonus Content: If we get 1 million-gajillion likes on Facebook, the guys will sit down and talk with Jeff Goldblum on being snubbed for the role of Joker in Suicide Squad. Can you imagine? CAN. YOU. IMAGINE?


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Márquez returns to the 'Cathedral' of motorcycle racing
Marc Márquez has placed on the podium for the past eight consecutive years at the Dutch TT, winning four times: In 2010 (125cc), in 2011 and 2012 (Moto2) and in 2014 (MotoGP).
After the last Grand Prix, Marc Márquez completed an official test at the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya, in which he finished first.
Marc Márquez:
"We're coming off a good day of testing in Catalunya but Assen is a much different track compared to Montmeló, so it will be very interesting to see how we go there. So far we've been at a good level more or less everywhere and we've managed to get some good results at different circuits, so we're also feeling positive going to Assen. I like the track, the 'Cathedral' of bike racing, and the fans are always very passionate there. It's good to arrive with a little advantage in the Championship, but we're very early in the season. There are several riders for whom the title is still possible, so we must just keep working and try to get the best result the situation allows."
Marc Márquez gets back on the podium in Montmeló
At the start Márquez took the lead immediately, on Lap 2 Jorge Lorenzo overtook Márquez and the positions did not change from then on.
With his latest rostrum result, Márquez has 115 points in the overall standings, 27 more than his nearest rival, and Pedrosa is eleventh with 40 points.
"Today was a race where we had to manage as best as possible and I tried to be smart. Of course in the first laps I pushed hard because it was important to follow Jorge and to open a gap on the chasers. When we built a comfortable advantage I just managed the pace. I even slowed down a bit in the final part of the race as it was impossible to catch Lorenzo. I saw many crashes, which made me think more than I did in other races. Sometimes the tyre choice you make doesn't result in the exact feeling you were hoping for, but I think that second is very good for the Championship because we arrived here with a 23-point lead and go to Assen with 27. It's time to understand how the situation is and try and manage it as best as possible. We made a mistake in Mugello and that had me thinking a lot. Of course, when you don't win the feeling that you were missing something remains, but a podium is a good result! Maybe other challenging races will arrive but the good thing for us is that so far in every race we have been in good shape."
Márquez lives his dream of riding Formula 1 car
Four-time MotoGP champion and world championship leader Marc Márquez was racing around with a Formula 1 car for the day and thereby fulfilling a long-held dream. Under the guidance
of former Formula 1 driver Mark Webber, the Spaniard sped over the asphalt in a Toro Rosso. Hundreds of fans lined the opened stands to watch the superstar's Formula 1 adventure in the flesh. There was huge international media interest in the event. Dozens of journalists and photographers from right across Europe came to Spielberg to be there as Marc Márquez, Mark Webber, Dr. Helmut Marko and Niki Lauda talked about their passion for motorsport.
Two days after competing in the world championship in Mugello, the Spaniard switched from two wheels to four. After a few warm-up laps, the Toro Rosso went straight into top gear. The top motorcyclist showed in impressive style that motorsport is in his blood. Having been perfectly prepared for the event by experienced F1 driver Mark Webber, the four-time MotoGP champion notched up lap after lap at the Red Bull Ring in a super-fast F1 car and loved every minute of it!
The Formula 1 adventure of Marc Márquez was a highlight for Austrian fans. Numerous motorsport enthusiasts came to Spielberg on Tuesday to enter for free and support the current MotoGP leader up close at the racing circuit. He took a short time to sign autographs and pose for photos in return.
"There is a massive difference to MotoGP. The limited visibility was a great challenge, in particular, to begin with. You feel a lot more constricted in the cockpit. The braking distances and timing in turns is completely different. A Formula 1 car has much more downforce, of course, which made for a lot of fun in the part of the circuit with the most turns, in particular."
Marc Márquez remains leader despite the crash
Marc Márquez was second coming into the first corner, although he went wide and dropped two positions. He was third before the end of the opening lap was back into second –behind Jorge Lorenzo- on Lap 3.
On the fifth lap, the reigning MotoGP World Champion lost the front of his bike and crashed. He got back on track in eighteenth position and crossed the finish line sixteenth.
"We've been struggling the whole weekend to be perfectly comfortable with these particular spec tyres, but I wasn't suffering that much in the race today. Instead, the front folded quite unexpectedly, as I wasn't pushing that hard, and I crashed, though I almost saved it! When I re-joined the race, our pace wasn't bad at all, despite the bike being a bit damaged, so that's okay. Furthermore, we still have a 23-point advantage in the rankings, and this is also very positive; last year at this point we were 37 points back. Today also demonstrates what I've been saying for a while: things this year are pretty tight, the season is long, and anything can happen. That said, we'll keep working as usual at Montmelò, where we'll go back to the usual tyre spec, and we'll try and come back strong."
MARC MÁRQUEZ TO GO TO THE LIMIT IN AN F1 CAR
Four-time MotoGP World Champion Marc Márquez after the next race at Mugello, the motorcyclist will be coming to Austria to hurtle around a race track in a Formula 1 car for the first time in his life. When the Spaniard pushes a Toro Rosso to his limits on 5 June at the Red Bull Ring, all kind of motor racing enthusiasts will be there. Fans can experience this extraordinary event in motor sport up close with all opened stands offering free admission.
Visitors and riders alike appreciate that fantastic interest, with Marc Márquez leading the way by saying: "You can see that MotoGP is being given a fantastic welcome to Austria. We feel really happy here, and that is the most important thing!"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I am offering Racing Shares in 2 Pennsylvania Bred Two Year Old Colts from Weigelia's 4th Crop . The first colts name is Sir Wallace out of the mare Maple and the second is out of the mare Lady Perla . The price is $300.00 per each 1% Racing Share . You will be part Owner of equal Racing Shares in both Colts . Example ( If you buy 10 Racing Shares you will Own 10% of each Racehorse . For more details please Email me at stranieri14@netzero.com or Call me at 570-335-2054 .
Created Tuesday, September 23rd, 2014, this listing has had 1962 views so far.


i just obtained a bronze sword from Neil Burridge, a lovely thing it is too. I have now become interested in the subject of Bronze Age weapons but find my references lacking. Can someone suggest couple of good "starters"on the subject?
Barry Molloy's "The Cutting Edge" is a good one to start with.
Yeah, when it comes to functionality, Barry's work is a great place to start. If you want to look at pretty pictures, books like "Gods and Heroes of the European Bronze Age" are a good place to start. And if you look for just many many pictures/drawings of swords or other weapons, the "Praehistorische bronzefunde" series are a fantastic resource, though they aren't cheap. But if you want a great overview of the Nordic bronze age, I highly recommend "Minnen fran var forntid" by Oscar Montelius.
Thanks guys. Off into a whole new world.
If you are interested with bronze weapons from the Middle-East the best source is (still) the old work in two volumes by Yigael Yadin: The Art of Warfare in Biblical Lands. The problem, it is extremly hard to find and consequently pretty pricy.
Assuming you apply for membership (and assuming you aren't already a member!), be sure to use one or both real names as a user name (e.g., John Smith, J. Smith, John S., etc.). Lotsa good info there.
Congrats on a lovely sword!
for some reason I hadn't thought of that solution( need a D'oh here)Thanks for the prompt.


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Brian Tracy – Achieving Predictable Success
Metaphysical & Self Help
Brian Tracy – Achieving Predictable Success quantity
Category: Metaphysical & Self Help Tags: Achieving Predictable Success, Brian Tracy, Brian Tracy – Achieving Predictable Success
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Members of the media have run wild with conspiracy theories about Melania. The least they could do is own up to it.
Over the past week, speculation about Melania Trump's whereabouts has reached a fever pitch among DC media types. The first lady, who was hospitalized last month to undergo a kidney procedure, was spotted in the White House by a CNBC reporter two weeks ago and even attended an official White House event honoring Gold Star families on Monday.
But that hasn't stopped members of the media from freaking out about the number of public events on her schedule and even spreading wild rumors about a sinister plot they think may be afoot.
In a tweet storm on Wednesday morning, Donald Trump chastised members of the media for spreading false information about his wife.
President Trump, who has long reveled in conspiracy theories, spent at least part of Wednesday morning lashing out at the news media about its coverage of the first lady, Melania Trump, while in the process repeating the kind of unfounded rumors about his wife that would normally attract legal action from him and his notoriously litigious family.
In an article that lacks all self awareness, the Times is intimating that POTUS is at fault, or at least partially to blame, for the rumors swirling about Melania Trump. But the truth is that the rumors started with the press, who should accept blame for lighting the match and fanning the flames on this media-generated conspiracy theory.
CNN's Brian Stelter claimed that Trump was being totally paranoid and conflating random mouth-breathers on the Internet with Reliable Sources.
Except that Stelter is completely wrong. Media have in fact been spreading rumors about the First Lady's whereabouts for weeks. Here are eight times reporters and news outlets, including Stelter himself, spread conspiracy theories about Melania.
On Monday, FLOTUS appeared at a reception to honor those whose family members lost their lives in military service to this country. Her appearance was even recorded, and a reporter for The Daily Caller tweeted the footage.
On the 25th day of a much-discussed absence from the public eye, the first lady re-emerged.
Weeks ago, Melania Trump essentially vanished from view after undergoing what her office described as a successful treatment of a benign kidney condition. On Monday, she reappeared on the president's schedule and joined him at a reception for military families.
But Mrs. Trump's scheduled appearance was not open to the press, and was unlikely to calm rampant speculation about why she has not been seen in public in over three weeks. It is an unusual stretch for one of the most visible women in the world and, according to historians, it is the longest break anyone has taken from the role in modern memory.
So was she or wasn't she at the event? Because if she was, this "sort of" phrasing is nonsense. The article goes on to say the timing of Melania's kidney surgery is suspicious, implying that maybe the facts of her operation are more nefarious than what's being stated publicly.
Mrs. Trump's absence came abruptly, and at a time when she seemed to be getting used to standing firmly in the spotlight. She was admitted to the hospital just days after the kickoff of Be Best, her official platform. In the weeks before, the first lady had organized a state dinner with France and saw her poll numbers rising. Then she vanished — not an easy feat for someone whose every public move has been dissected on social media.
"Wait, Was That a Melania Trump Look-Alike?" The Root's Stephen A. Crocket Jr. asks. He even put her name in the article in scare quotes.
A woman with the facial structure and permanent scowl worn by first lady Melania Trump made an appearance Monday evening with her husband and legal captor, Donald Trump.
The woman who answered to the name Melania was alongside the president during a ceremony to honor Gold Star families. While many, including this writer, believe that the real Melania had enough of the president's blowhard, deceitful tactics and dug a tunnel out of her private bedroom to escape, this was the first public appearance for 'Melania' in 24 days.
Jamil Smith tweeted this gem on Sunday.
Domestic abuse is a serious problem that unfortunately many women face in the United States. Nearly three women in the United States are killed every day by their partners, according to some estimates. Accusations of domestic abuse need to be taken seriously by all. They should not be casually thrown about by people who don't know Melania personally, in an effort to smear her husband.
If you or someone you know is in an abusive relationship, the National Domestic Abuse Hotline has resources that can help.
Here are the first few paragraphs from Annie Karini's article in Politico. Note that the bit about Melania's kidney condition is in scare quotes.
During the two weeks since Melania Trump returned to the White House following what was described as a relatively minor surgery — a period during which she has been absent from ceremonial events like a Memorial Day wreath-laying at Arlington National Cemetery — conspiracy theories have flooded in to fill the void of information about the first lady's health, and whereabouts.
David Frum posed an elaborate hypothetical question about whether President Trump could legally get away with punching his wife and asking the Secret Service to cover it up, right at the apex of the "WHERE'S MELANIA" hysteria.
Three days earlier, Stelter claimed in his e-mail newsletter that the first lady had been "out of sight" for 24 days straight, even though a CNBC reporter had seen her walking around in the West Wing with some of her staffers mid-May.
It's not just the countdown calendar, but the insistence in this writeup that Melania appearing at an event wasn't good enough to prove that she's still alive or whatever else Stelter is suggesting befell the first lady, simply because reporters weren't invited.
CNN devoted a whole segment to the first lady, in which David Zurawik of the Baltimore Sun implied that Melania Trump's Twitter account was being "guided" by someone other than the first lady after a tweet went out from her account poking fun at the media for obsessing about her. Watch.
"That doesn't seem like her," Zurawik said, after suggesting that she did not have control of her own Twitter account.
In the same segment, Stelter says there are a lot of unanswered "questions" about Melania's absence from the public eye and stay at Walter Reed — implying there was something suspect about her medical condition.


The workplace is one of the areas of life where people with chronic illnesses often face the most discrimination. Their illness may or may not cause permanent disability. If it does not cause permanent disability, it may be disabling from time to time. Either way, people with chronic illnesses often experience discrimination and harassment in the workplace as a result of the disability that results from their illness.
This document explains how people with chronic health conditions can use the disability discrimination laws to enforce their rights in the workplace. Throughout the document, reference is made to disability and disability discrimination. This is necessary because the disability anti-discrimination and workplace laws use these terms. However, the laws also apply to people with chronic illnesses, because the legal definition of disability includes the presence of disease and illness.
Therefore, if you have a chronic illness, you do not need to have an obvious disability in order to be protected by disability anti-discrimination and workplace laws.
Next Section: What is discrimination?


The Juvenile Hall Auxiliary is a non-profit organization giving young men and women in the juvenile justice system a second chance. Through donations and the efforts of volunteers, the Juvenile Hall Auxiliary provides scholarships, internships, career development, and financial assistance. Our programs reduce recidivism by forming positive relationships with the young people who need it most, arming them with the skills they need to start over, and offering assistance at every step of their re-entry into society. Since 1955, our support has enabled them to follow their dreams to become pilots, teachers, business owners, and even members of law enforcement.
Because the Auxiliary is a volunteer-driven organization, over 90% of its funds and donations go directly to helping our at-risk youth. Your donations are received with gratitude and handled carefully and wisely.
Provide scholarships to young people enrolled or seeking to be enrolled in college, trade schools, or credential programs advancing career development. Last year we supported over 30 scholars.
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Provide books for the newly expand Orin Allen Youth Rehabilitation Facility Library, Juvenile Hall Library, Juvenile Hall living units, and Juvenile Hall.
Support life skills programs to teach youth in Juvenile Hall practical and applicable skills.
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Give mini-grants to deserving young people in need of funding for graduation celebrations, school events, and sports programs.
Provide Bart/bus passes for needy youth to see probation officers, to go to school, or to go to work.


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"Rowdy Rowdy" is the second single released by rapper 50 Cent, following the release of "How to Rob". The song was used for the soundtrack of the film In Too Deep along with "How to Rob" and contains the line "These industry niggas is startin' to look like somethin' to eat" from that song. The song is accompanied with a music video, along with "Life's on the Line", which features clips from the film. "Rowdy Rowdy" contains a sample from Johnny Harris's "Light My Fire".

Track listing
 "Rowdy Rowdy" (Explicit version)
 "Rowdy Rowdy" (Clean version)
 "Rowdy Rowdy" (Instrumental)
 "Rowdy Rowdy" (A capella)

References

1999 singles
50 Cent songs
Songs written by 50 Cent
Song recordings produced by Trackmasters
Columbia Records singles
1999 songs


The first inning of Jalen Beeks career did not go according to plan. After one frame, Beeks had thrown 33 pitches, allowing five runs, including a home run and a double. However, that first inning wasn't as ugly as the stat sheet would imply.
For one, the homer and the double were both gifts of the Green Monster. The double just scraped the wall, while the homer was a pop up that cleared the wall by maybe five feet. These hits accounted for three of Beeks five first-inning runs, and they would be fly outs in most parks.
The other two runs came on an opposite-field single by catcher John Hicks. The Red Sox were playing a shift, and the ball was hit right where the second baseman would normally stand. This isn't to say Beeks had a great start – he definitely struggled – but there was quite a bit of bad luck that went into this.
Beeks recovered from his ugly first inning about as well as one could hope. He loaded the bases in the second inning but managed to get out of the jam thanks to some solid fielding from Rafael Devers. Beeks allowed one run in the third and none in the fourth before ending his night. In all, Beeks finished his debut allowing six earned runs in four innings of work.
Unfortunately, the Red Sox offense wasn't able to dig themselves out of the early deficit. Andrew Benintendi led off the bottom of the first with a leadoff home run, and it looked like this game could turn into a shootout.
This belief looked even more real in the bottom of the second. Benintendi stepped into the batters' box with the bases loaded and just one out. Needing a home run to tie the game, the Red Sox hottest hitter looked poised to close the gap. Unfortunately, Benintendi launched a liner right up the middle, but right at Jose Iglesias. The former Red Sox turned the double play to end the inning.
While Brian Johnson kept the game close, the Red Sox offense couldn't generate any offense all game long. The Red Sox scored just one run after Benintendi's leadoff blast and dropped the series finale, 7-2. Chris Sale takes the mound tomorrow, hoping to get the Red Sox back in the win column.
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Basic charitable trusts are formed with the intention of donating the trust principle, income, or property to your designated charity. Charitable trusts are irrevocable, and are established with the intention of funding a qualified charitable organization.
With a basic charitable trust, the charity of your choosing receives income from the trust for the designated trust term. Once your trust term expires, any remaining principle, income, or property is reverted to your estate and distributed to your beneficiaries.
A charitable remainder trust is formed with the intention of providing your beneficiaries with trust principle, income, or property for a designated term. Once the term of your trust expires, the remaining trust assets are distributed to the charity/charities of your choosing.
With a charitable remainder trust, you are able to provide your family with temporary income, while donating the remainder to your designated charitable organization(s).
Charitable trusts are irrevocable, meaning you cannot change, revoke, or terminate the trust once it is formed. It is a legally binding document.
Upon forming your trust documents, you must include a list of trust property. You must also name a designated trustee and the eligible non-profit charitable organization to be funded by the trust. You must sign the document, with legal notarization.
As with any irrevocable trust, you must list untitled property in the trust document in order to include it as trust property. Titled property must be transferred to the ownership of the trust in order to be included as trust property.
Once you transfer ownership of property to your trust, you relinquish ownership of the property. Charitable trusts are living irrevocable trusts which assume legal ownership of the property you include in the trust documents.
All irrevocable trusts prohibit transferring property out of the trust. However, you retain the ability to contribute property to the trust over the course of your lifetime. Untitled property is added to the trust as an amendment to the initial trust property list. Titled property is added to the trust by transferring title ownership of the property to the trust, and amending the trust property list.
Remember, inadequate inclusion of property as trust property risks your property's eligibility for probate and intestate succession. You are only able to transfer property that you own outright into the trust. Property that is not owned, such as a home you are mortgaging or a car that is not titled in your name cannot be transferred into the trust.
Charitable trusts are a great way to support your family and your community, but they must be carefully formed in order to protect your trust's property.
Schedule a consultation with our estate planning attorney to figure out which charitable trust is best for you.


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SS Demon King Ch.70.2
Chapter 70.2 – Tomorrow is coming
By copying a sentence from the east, adding a little bit of the essence of the copywriting from the previous life, Hill came up with this advertisement. He read it several times and felt quite satisfied.
Speaking of the protagonist who is both righteous and evil, Hill instantly thinks of "Zhu Xian". He feels "Zhu Xian" can also be on the agenda. "Zhu Xian" is the first online novel that Hill read, and at the time Hill couldn't stop reading it.
Then Hill made the poster. The main poster was one of those orthodox group photos.
Of course, Theodore occupies the C position since he is the protagonist. Under the effects of light and shadow + edits, his face is handsome and cold, and the bone ring on his hand emits a blue light, and the light spreads into a huge phantom behind him—That is Lich Aligeli, Theodore's accompanying grandfather; next to Theodore are four important female characters, Olivia who plays the cousin, Delia Lewis who plays the princess, and also the two demons, one is the loyal maid, and one is the cold but beautiful genius female mage… That said, there are really a lot of these female characters in the male yy literature.
Behind these most important characters, Hill casually stuffed other male characters (hey!), and then made some white and blue lightning bolts up, forming a kind of lightning dazzling special effects—well, people in the other world haven't seen this before, so it just feels cool for now.
Well, the group photo is done.
The next step is the individual poster.
Hill gave Princess Delia the role of a princess taking on important responsibilities from an early age. Because the king has no children, the princess always pretends to be a man, and trains her as the next king… So old-fashioned, alas, but humans in the other world should find it very strange.
As Hill combed through the plot, he felt so old-fashioned.
Speaking of him, he once read a novel saying that the heroine's period came when she was disguised as a man and was getting along with the protagonist. The heroine was very panicked at the time and suddenly got an idea. She forced the period blood up with internal force and spat it out with her mouth, pretending she was injured.
Hill was frightened after seeing it.
I read few books but don't lie to me!!!
This is really too strange!!!
After many years, when Hill thinks of this plot, he still sighs…
…Anyway, the princess played by Delia is quite proficient in national affairs, and full of majesty, very much like Mary Su's smart beauty. This photo was when she met Theodore, showing her lively and pure girlish heart… Hill didn't know how she did it. Anyway, many male yy novels have this type, and many men think this is a refreshing point. Okay, let's do it.
The final ending of the movie is that Theodore has reached the pinnacle of his life in the plot of constant face-slaps + flirting with the beauties. When he was scolded by the righteous sects, he directly solved a thousand-year-old dragon that was a great threat to mankind. The demon dragon Gormond made a cameo, and this time, he directly turned himself into a complete villain. Suddenly, he was saved by the person he scolded. Of course, everyone looked at each other. Then Theodore stood in front of the crowd and made a speech about righteousness and evil, about bondage and freedom, and then walked away. Whether he was good or evil, let the future generations judge.
Then his confidantes, the princess finally became the queen, and often miss Theodore, the genius female mage finally became the most respected great magister, the cousin became the ruler of the dark world, and the maid became the top business woman… Of course, this was all with Theodore's intervention and help.
After studying the script carefully, Princess Delia asked Hill: "Your Royal Highness Grindelwald, shouldn't Theodore be with any of them in the end?"
"Yeah." Hill nodded. "Theodore was later called the Evil Monarch. He is free by nature, so he won't be bound by anything." In addition, Hill felt that if the protagonist really took all the girls or had someone with someone, it will let down other people together. Hill thinks that this movie is also low from beginning to end, so there must be some redeeming features, right?
"But the queen should be in control of everything herself," Princess Delia said. Princess Delia sometimes exudes a royal aura.
"That princess wasn't strong enough at the time. If she was strong enough, she could keep the protagonist in advance." Hill said casually, "It's okay to imprison play or something."
Princess Delia thoughtfully: "So that's it, I understand… Thank you, Your Royal Highness Grindelwald."
Hill suddenly reacted, and he coughed dryly: "No thanks, of course, being happy is the most important thing…"
He felt as if he had done something sorry for the little reporter, or else he should turn around and remind the little reporter to be careful that maybe he will suddenly get beaten and dragged away for a prison play… But seeing Theodore's look like he was eager to be played in various ways…
Earlier, Joan Baker asked Theodore, why are you so obsessed with her when the princess even used you to test poison? Theodore replied: This means that Delia is a qualified princess. This cold side of her has more charm~
…Okay, in a sense, it does make sense.
On the other hand, the costumes of the movie are designed by Hill, combining the costumes of fantasy dramas on Earth and the costume styles of this world. It does not consider practicality, but only considers good appearance (…).
The posters of each person look cooler than the other, and the other is more non-mainstream. Even the most imaginative warrior cannot tell what kind of protective effect Theodore's last set of decorative and deliberate exposed chest armor can play. Anyway, art is more important than life. It's enough to say that this is magic equipment. After all, for movies, good appearance is the main thing.
Posters, advertising slogans, and tickets for the premiere movie presented by the lottery… Hill believed that when this issue of the magazine was released, "The Evil Monarch" would definitely attract a lot of people's attention. Then Hill thought for a while and wrote a one-sentence introduction: This is a hot-blooded saga belonging to men.
Speaking of that saga, an advertisement for "If you're a little brother, come and chop me" appeared in his mind… Speaking of which, he couldn't figure out what this advertisement was trying to say.
Hill closed the notebook, and it was close to dawn outside the window.
He opened the window and saw the death knight Monroe sitting on the window sill outside.
"You're back," Hill said.
"Yeah." Monroe nodded.
Monroe came back in the second half of the night. He didn't notify anyone, nor did he come in to disturb Hill. Instead, he sat in front of his window and looked at the moon. Death knights didn't need to sleep, Hill didn't know whether it was a curse or a blessing. If it's on Earth, Hill thinks it's pretty good. You can have a lot of time to study, work and play, but at the same time, Hill also knows that this kind of thinking is too simple.
"Have you been to Magnolia City before?" Hill asked, he could see the nostalgia in Monroe's eyes.
"Been here," Monroe replied, his expression quite serene at the moment. Hill could not see but could feel it from the aura around his body.
Monroe was sitting on the window sill of the villa. He was wearing a linen robe. His posture was very casual and free. His legs were hanging in the air. To be honest, this posture was a bit dangerous. Hill was standing in front of the window. He could only see Monroe's back. If he stretched his neck, he could see Monroe's side.
The two of them kept this attitude and watched the night together for a while.
The atmosphere is good.
"Presumably, the mood at this time is completely different than it was then," Hill tried to expand the topic.
"I had a heart then, but now I don't," Monroe replied.
"Then what's in your chest?" Hill asked casually.
Monroe thought for a while and replied, "Hate… Hate and desire."
It was the darkest time at this time. The moonlight had dimmed, but the sun had not yet appeared. Hill watched Monroe's back in the shadowy darkness for a while, and then he shook his head, "Whenever I mistakenly thought it would be nice to live peacefully and happily, you always give me a blow to the head."
Monroe seemed to smile, "Should I be sorry? Hill."
"Not really," Hill said with a sigh. "You are right… Of course, it is impossible to keep developing peacefully."
Sooner or later the church will notice, and sooner or later it will take action. Sooner or later, the shopping mall will encounter difficulties.
And even that, war will also eventually break out.
These, Hill all understand.
But before that, invade the minds of as many people as you can.
The demon realm currently has no army, cultural invasion is its best means.
"How is Teresa?" Hill asked.
"Showed "Natsume's Book of Friends" to his father," Monroe said.
"I remember his father is a big man in the Church of Light?" Hill asked.
"Yes," Monroe said.
Hill became curious: "And the result?"
"Same as everyone else." Monroe shrugged, "But that old gentleman almost committed suicide because his faith was shaken."
"Pfft cough… That's a big sin." Hill almost sputtered.
In "Natsume's Book of Friends", there are not only demons, but also evil gods (that is, the land gods), and the anime conveys an idea of equality. So, it is no wonder that the old gentleman almost committed suicide.
All of Hill's current film and television works are used to put eye drops on the Church of Light. This is especially true for "The Evil Monarch".
Break the shackles, pursue freedom, the lich inheritance, defy the church, the evil monarch…
Hill once again surrendered his gaze to the misty night.
Tomorrow is coming.
This issue of the magazine is about to be released.
Previous: SS Demon King Ch.70.1
One thought on "SS Demon King Ch.70.2"
LaZyCat says:
Pfft- invade the minds of as many humans as you can, after that, let's see if the "angels" can still descend hahaha 😈💕💕💕
Thank you for the chapter~💕


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Stanford[remove]114
Cities and towns--Growth[remove]114
Urbanization[remove]114
Astrakhanʹ (Russia)1
Public[remove]114
GeoTIFF114
You searched for: Author Civco, Daniel L. Remove constraint Author: Civco, Daniel L. Access Public Remove constraint Access: Public Subject Cities and towns--Growth Remove constraint Subject: Cities and towns--Growth Subject Urbanization Remove constraint Subject: Urbanization Institution Stanford Remove constraint Institution: Stanford Year 2000 Remove constraint Year: 2000
61. Urban Footprint, Marrakech, Morocco, 2000
2000. Angel, Shlomo, Parent, Jason, Civco, Daniel L., and Blei, Alejandro M. This raster layer contains the total area occupied by the built-up area of Marrakech, Morocco and its urbanized open space in 2000. Categories of u... Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.
62. Urban Footprint, Medan, Indonesia, 2000
2000. Angel, Shlomo, Parent, Jason, Civco, Daniel L., and Blei, Alejandro M. This raster layer contains the total area occupied by the built-up area of Medan, Indonesia and its urbanized open space in 2000. Categories of urb... Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.
63. Urban Footprint, Mexico City, Mexico, 2000
2000. Angel, Shlomo, Parent, Jason, Civco, Daniel L., and Blei, Alejandro M. This raster layer contains the total area occupied by the built-up area of Mexico City, Mexico and its urbanized open space in 2000. Categories of ... Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.
64. Urban Footprint, Milano, Italy, 2000
2000. Angel, Shlomo, Parent, Jason, Civco, Daniel L., and Blei, Alejandro M. This raster layer contains the total area occupied by the built-up area of Milan, Italy and its urbanized open space in 2000. Categories of urban l... Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.
65. Urban Footprint, Minneapolis, United States, 2000
2000. Angel, Shlomo, Parent, Jason, Civco, Daniel L., and Blei, Alejandro M. This raster layer contains the total area occupied by the built-up area of Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States and its urbanized open space in 20... Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.
66. Urban Footprint, Modesto, United States, 2000
2000. Angel, Shlomo, Parent, Jason, Civco, Daniel L., and Blei, Alejandro M. This raster layer contains the total area occupied by the built-up area of Modesto, California, United States and its urbanized open space in 2000.... Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.
67. Urban Footprint, Montevideo, Uruguay, 2000
2000. Angel, Shlomo, Parent, Jason, Civco, Daniel L., and Blei, Alejandro M. This raster layer contains the total area occupied by the built-up area of Montevideo, Uruguay and its urbanized open space in 2000. Categories of ... Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.
68. Urban Footprint, Moscow, Russia, 2000
2000. Angel, Shlomo, Parent, Jason, Civco, Daniel L., and Blei, Alejandro M. This raster layer contains the total area occupied by the built-up area of Moscow, Russia and its urbanized open space in 2000. Categories of urban... Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.
69. Urban Footprint, Mumbai, India, 2000
2000. Angel, Shlomo, Parent, Jason, Civco, Daniel L., and Blei, Alejandro M. This raster layer contains the total area occupied by the built-up area of Mumbai, India and its urbanized open space in 2000. Categories of urban ... Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.
70. Urban Footprint, Ndola, Zambia, 2000
2000. Angel, Shlomo, Parent, Jason, Civco, Daniel L., and Blei, Alejandro M. This raster layer contains the total area occupied by the built-up area of Ndola, Zambia and its urbanized open space in 2000. Categories of urban ... Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.


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Home Final Grades and Performance Reviews Page 6
Final Grades and Performance Reviews
News From Around the League- June 25, 2010
Andrew Bynum:
Andrew Bynum did a lot of growing up during the 2009-2010 season. Coming off two straight years of devastating knee injuries, Bynum was eager to prove his worth to the team. He definitely showed flashes of greatness, and has the potential to be a star center in the NBA, if he can stay healthy. Bynum again suffered a damaging knee injury towards the end of the season that limited him in the playoffs.
In the NBA Finals, however, Baby Bynum disappeared and a grown man took his place. Instead of succumbing to the injury and accepting defeat for the third straight season, Bynum played through the pain and was a crucial part of their victory over Boston in the NBA Finals. While Bryant won the Finals MVP, and Gasol and Artest were credited with much of the glory after Game 7, the Lakers would not have defeated the Celtics and won their second consecutive title without Andrew Bynum.
Due to the injuries and the inconsistencies throughout the season Bynum earns a grade of a C. While the potential is as high as it has ever been for the young center, until he is able to remain healthy throughout the season and into the playoffs he will be known as unreliable and injury-prone.
Next: Shannon Brown…
Previous page 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13Next page
Lakers News: Luke Walton Praises Ivica Zubac For Playing 'More Aggressive' Since Re-Entering Rotation
At the end of the 2016-17 NBA season, then-rookie big man Ivica Zubac looked like he was set for a much larger…
Harrison Faigen
NBA Playoffs Highlights: Isaiah Thomas Drops 53 Points on Wizards, Warriors Cruise Past Jazz
Tuesday night marked the beginning of the Golden State Warriors and Utah Jazz series and the Boston Celtics and Washington Wizards continued their head-to-head battle…
Nick Torres
Lakers News: Jordan Clarkson Talks About Improving On Defense Struggles
Most of the focus at Training Camp so far for first-year head coach Luke Walton and the Los Angeles Lakers has been on the defensive end, as Walton said 80 percent of Day 1 was focused solely on defense and on Day 2 they did not implement any offensive schemes until the very end of practice…
Rumors: Lakers Considering Rick Adelman for Coaching Vacancy
According to sources the Los Angeles Lakers are looking into the possibility…


A new app being developed by air quality monitoring specialist EarthSense will allow users to find the least polluted routes when walking, running or cycling. Funded by the European Space Agency (ESA) Kickstarter grant programme, project CARAMEL (Clean Air Routing and Mobile Exposure Limitation) the app identifies and maps the cleanest air routes, as well as reporting on weekly pollution levels. When combined with records of population movement, the app will also be useful for developing wider clean air strategies.
The CARAMEL app will use a combination of space-based data, traffic simulation data, open data and public transport data together with big data analytics. The project outputs include an air quality data model and routing system, an online mapping portal and the CARAMEL app for use on smartphones and other mobile devices.
The CARAMEL app will allow users to identify clean routes for healthy exercise choices as well as accessing data on their actual activity and exposure levels. By collating population movement data EarthSense will also enable key decision makers to identify popular exercise routes or spots and target resources to improve air quality at these locations. The project will also assess how other transport options can be integrated to provide a complete picture of mobility.
Working alongside project partners Leeds City Council and Aimsun, EarthSense is currently assessing the CARAMEL app and online system in terms of feasibility and potential commercial exploitation. EarthSense will also investigate the viability of CARAMEL in conjunction with other Local Government and corporate organisations for staff health awareness, health and travel schemes.


Remember, remember, the 5th of November. Gunpowder, Treason and… Starbucks?
I know, it's horribly sacrilegious to mark such an occasion with a trip to the axis of capitalism but it had to be done, the thought of the new Christmas drinks had been robbing me of sleep! We finished off our Bonfire Night celebrations with a trip up the road to Winchester which holds an annual torchlit procession through its ancient streets, followed by the biggest bonfire I'd ever seen!
Here's some photos from Saturday night.
Hope your Bonfire Nights went off with a bang!!
* what a difference a year makes!
Charlotte, what gorgeous photos! And an amazing bonfire… the one we went to didn't even HAVE a bonfire! What is all that about? Good to see your little one enjoying it – ours fell asleep on her dad's shoulders, which made for some very cute photos. Impressive sleeping skills too, with the all the bangs.
Excellent photos! Thanks for sharing – and I love Starbucks!
Charlotte, you really do take the most amazing photos. Thank you so much for sharing. Leila is such a cutie!
Awww little Leila is all grown up now! Time flies fast eh?
I superloved Mr L. and Leila's photo together (second one from the bottom).
It genuinely frightens me how quickly she grows. Two years is no time at all and look at what's happened in that time!
I don't think baby L could be ANY cuter, even if you tried.
Tried the praline mocha over the weekend and lurrrved it. Need to get my hands on the toffee nut to see what all this over rated nonsense is about!
Charlotte your photos are always so beautiful! I am jealous of your skills!
are they straight off the camera, or did you do post editing? I just love the tone of the photos.
The Starbucks ones have been colour toned… yellow in the highlights, pink in the shadows to make them feel warmer and to get rid of the horrible indoor lighting.
I had a Creme Brulee latte from Costa yesterday, dreamy!


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OUYA: A New Kind of Video Game Console
<-- -->
felixsg
I think is a good idea
and is cheap
where you can buy a tegra3 quadcore with 99 dollars?
But how the games make money if the console is easy hacking
and come with a lot of free games?
Erndog2k
They say you can choose any method of monetization, so I figure Google ad's and Pay pal unlocks etc.. might be an option.
It does sound a bit underpowered, at least compared to modern consoles that run a non interpreted language.
At 1 gig of ram, I wonder it it would run current browsers.
Just feels kinda funny taking the guts of a tablet, and putting it into a console.
Its like replacing a Ducati engine with a hamster wheel.
Granted the hamster is on meth, and the Ducati is more like a Segway, but still....
inkBot
I poked about some in the comments of the project and people have been saying it's underpowered, and the OUYA people seems to have responded, saying that it will be more powerful. I'd guess that the specs listed are more an indication of what they've got working currently. With the amount of backing they've gotten they'll probably be able to put some more powerful hardware in there. If it still fits the price point of the thing, that is.
On the other hand if this console is made bulkier than a tablet then it could be made fan cooled which in turn would allow overclocking with less risk of overheating.recisely.
Kiyoshi
This could get huge. I personally don't like playing on touch screens, much prefer goodold game pads. Yeah there's several solutions of plugging gamepads and tvs to iphones/ipads but it just doesn't feel right. This OUYA feels. If there wasn't any demand for something like that the project would never raise more than 2 million dollars (and raising). Competing with big consoles like PS3 and Xbox is not the point. The point is bringing full indie power to consoles in a new scale. It's not underpowered. Another thing is the push to free to play games. Yeah it can be misused badly but it's the future, things are merging to it.
Anyway every indie developer should feel at least a little excited. I always get excited easily with things like this, so i find it hard to get skeptical :D
dEspadas
I'm following this closely too, it indeed might be huge. In a good or in a bad way.
Interesting enough, I was reading some reviews on Nexus 7, from whom they've seem to borrow the specs, and it's not bad at all, for what it
http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2012/07/divine-intervention-googles-nexus-7-is-a-fantastic-200-tablet/
It will definitely not be on pair with today's or next gen consoles, but I do feel that a lot of games that I do play on my console uses way much less "power" than what it is available, so it might fit my playing style.
And developing games for it, with all these momentum, seems very interesting, to say the least.
Most popular games today either 2D or 3D like Minecraft require much less hardware power then big aaa consoles provide. So if things like XBLIG on XBox got so popular , this OUYA could indeed become a huge success. The future is Indie !! :D. The traditional console model might even die. In fact it's already dying.
alspal
This could be pretty cool, wouldn't mind playing my game on it (I dont like touch screen thumbsticks). I hope they do clock the processor higher than tablets though.
They want it to be very open and they invite hackers to do whatever, but then whats the point of selling things on it?
Every console/tablet/software/game available today it's hackable, regardless of what anyone says, there's a way, I know.
Plus, I really believe that the hacker part wasn't aimed really at hacking the thing for harmful purposes, even though it will get hacked that way if it gets big enough, but so did the 360/PS3/PSP/NDS/Wii the list goes on, even the GD3 discs that MS launched not long ago, that made the process of burning full working backups of games impossible by yer average DVD Drive aren't hack free anymore, of course you gotta know what you are doing, but that's beside the point. Worrying about a hack free game/device so much it's like worrying about finding a way to prevent death; probably won't happen.
I believe this deserves a shot, for us console lovers, this is a dream come true.
Woah, they're on 2.5m now. Yesterday when it was around 1.3m I was refreshing the page every few seconds and it would jump up $100-500 every time. Madness.
There's a lot of devices using Tegra 3 now, I hope HTML5 works decent on it.
Its almost at 2.7 million now, lols.
rfisher
I just pledged $99, can't wait to see how it works.
They upped the max amount of $99 pledges from 20000 to 80000. O_o
Wow. It's growing fast. This looks like it's going to be pretty big. Nice.
aridale
I just saw this on another forum I goto all the time. Im gonna do the 99$ one


Oh, what wondrous adventures await within the mysterious and elegant Fire & Spice by Los Chavales de Espana. I picked up this amazing piece of Hi-Fi Fiesta for a cool $1 over the weekend, and am eagerly anticipating the marvelous exploits that lay within this striking cover. If you've ever wondered what a visual interpretation of fire and spice could be, look no further.


text:
Valeo sets up R&D test lab in Chennai, India
News, Suppliers 20th March 2019 APA News Desk
Global automotive technology supplier Valeo has set-up a state-of-the-art R&D Test Lab facility with an investment of Rs 250 million in Chennai, India. The 15,000 sqft facility at Navalur will further strengthen the technical competence of Valeo's R&D function and house the test labs of Valeo's Hardware, Mechanical and India Business R&D divisions.
The R&D facility in Chennai has emerged as a global software development hub for the Valeo Group that offers complete products conception capabilities to providing efficient support in the areas of Mechanical Design, Simulation, Embedded Software Development, Computer Vision, Machine Learning and Hardware & Functional Safety Design to Valeo's global customers.
This newly set-up Test Lab facility will provide testing and prototype services to Valeo sites across the globe, supporting Valeo's Business and Product Groups. The R&D lab in Chennai will also enable the Group to locally design and develop solutions for Valeo's Indian customers.
Ashok Belani, Group President and Managing Director, Valeo India, said, "The growth potential of the Indian auto sector and the availability of engineering talent pool, make India a key market for Valeo's future growth. Started in 2010, the Chennai facility has now become a key contributor and our investment towards the Test Lab is a strategic step for strengthening our capabilities to enhance the value that we provide to our customers."
Globally, Valeo is in the epicentre of three automotive revolutions (electrification, digital mobility and autonomous cars) and developing a wide range of innovative products that are positioning the company as a technological leader in the global marketplace.
Present since 1997 in India, Valeo has developed a very strong Indian footprint in the last 20 years. Valeo today has seven Production Sites, one global R&D centre, two Distribution Platforms, two Front offices to serve clients.
Valeo, Valeo India
New Benelli showroom in Chennai, India
SIAM discusses future of vehicle recycling in India


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Architecture of Toronto
Title: Architecture of Toronto
Subject: Toronto, History of neighbourhoods in Toronto, Argonaut Rowing Club, Native trees in Toronto, Toronto Public Health
Some of the buildings in Toronto's financial district
The architecture of Toronto is most marked by its being the financial capital of Canada, as well as the political capital of Ontario. Once an important port and manufacturing centre, today Toronto's economy is dominated by the service sector.
Toronto has traditionally been a peripheral city in the architectural world, embracing the styles and ideas developed in Europe and the United States with only limited local variation. However, many of the world's most prominent architects have done work in Toronto, including Toronto native Frank Gehry, Daniel Libeskind, Norman Foster, Will Alsop, I. M. Pei, and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. A few unique styles of architecture have also developed in Toronto, such as the bay and gable house and The Annex style house.
1.1 Landscape
1.2 Building materials
2 Industrial architecture
3 Residential architecture
3.1 Nineteenth century
3.2 Early 20th century
3.3 Rise of the suburbs
3.4 Apartments and condominiums
4 Commercial architecture
4.1 Financial district
4.2 Hotels
4.3 Main Streets
4.4 Shopping centres
5 Institutional architecture
5.1 Government
5.2 Post-secondary educational institutions
5.3 Museums
5.4 Houses of worship
6 Cultural architecture
6.1 Music venues
6.2 Sports venues
7 Transportation architecture
8 Landmarks
One of the ravines cutting through the city
Toronto is built on the former lake bed of Lake Iroquois. This large flat expanse presents few natural limits to growth, and throughout its history, Toronto has sprawled outward and today has a ring of suburbs that spans hundreds of square kilometres. In 2005, the provincial government has attempted to place an artificial limit to this growth in the form of a Greenbelt around the city.
Toronto was planned out on a grid system with the major streets forming wide avenues. Early in the city's history, major avenues were established running along each concession line that separated rural landholdings. As the city spread outward, these routes have been maintained and even in the distant suburbs a very regular grid of avenues spaced about two kilometres apart continues. Within the suburbs built since the Second World War, the grid system has been abandoned in favour of networks of crescents and cul-de-sacs. In keeping with the dominant design ideas of the time, these are designed to reduce and slow traffic, with vehicles being redirected to the avenues.
These avenues run straight with few diversions for long stretches, and Toronto is notable for the considerable length of its major streets. Most of the avenues go from one side of town to the other, and often continue deep into the neighbouring suburbs. Yonge Street, the city's most prominent thoroughfare, is by some measure the longest street in the world. These wide avenues that even run through the central city, have also made it easier for Toronto to retain a streetcar system, which was among the few North American cities to do so.
The most important obstacle to construction is Toronto's network of ravines. Historically, city planners filled in many of the ravines, and when this was not possible, planners mostly ignored them, though today the remaining ones are embraced for their natural beauty. Ravines have helped isolate some central neighbourhoods from the rest of the city, and have contributed to the exclusivity of certain neighbourhoods such as Rosedale.
Thanks to its vast hinterland, Toronto designers have had access to a wide array of raw materials for construction. Due to the clay sediments of the former lake bed that Toronto is built upon, and but more prominently the shale layer underlying this area of North America, brick has been an especially cheap and available material for almost the city's entire history. Much of it was provided by the Don Valley Brick Works, Domtar's brick division, Canada Brick and Brampton Brick, whose output can still be found in thousands of structures across the city and throughout the surrounding regions. Throughout the city most homes from all eras are made of brick. Commercial and industrial builders also long embraced brick, with the Distillery District being a prominent example, though today more efficient materials, such as cinder blocks, are more common for commercial projects. Prominent landmarks have also gone to greater expense and generally eschewed simple brick. Older banks and government buildings used stone, and modern attempts to marvel have embraced modern materials such as concrete and aluminum, in addition to extensive glazing. Even today, the overwhelming bulk of residential buildings constructed in Toronto are clad in brick.
Sandstone was also historically a readily available building material, with large deposits quarried from the Credit River valley. More expensive than brick, but more ornate, it was used for many early landmarks such as the Ontario Legislature, Old City Hall, and Victoria College. It is also the main material used in the unique Annex style house.
The nineteenth century industrial buildings of the Distillery District
The city of Toronto originally formed as a result of its good harbour, and the port was the source of the city's prosperity for most of its early history. The oldest parts of the city are thus by the harbour, with newer growth spreading out in all directions possible. Around the harbour grew up a belt of industrial structures, especially just east and west of downtown. These included massive facilities such as Gooderham and Worts whiskey distillery and Massey Ferguson's farm equipment factories. In the later half of the nineteenth century the railways became Toronto's main connection with the outside world, and further industrial areas grew up around the freight lines, in areas such as Weston and East York.
In the 1970s, deindustrialization began to have a dramatic effect on Toronto. By the 1990s, almost all of the older factories by the waterfront were gone. Some of the newer facilities further north still remain, but are constantly disappearing. Many of the more historic industrial buildings have been converted into lofts and offices. Most have been demolished, and in their place, dozens of condominium towers have been erected by the lake shore. There are also still large stretches of abandoned industrial land in the Port Lands district and other parts of Toronto, awaiting a redevelopment plan.
Few structures survive from the earliest period of Toronto's history. Two of Toronto's oldest surviving houses are Rosedale and the Bridle Path.
The late nineteenth century Torontonians embraced Victorian architecture and all of its diverse revival styles. Victorian-style housing dominates a number of the city's older neighbourhoods, most notably Parkdale, which has one of the largest collections of Victorian houses in North America. During this period Toronto also developed some unique styles of housing. The bay-and-gable house was a simple and cost effective design that also aped the elegance of Victorian mansions. Built of the abundant red brick, the design was also well suited to the narrow lots of Toronto. Mostly built in lower and middle class areas the style could be used both for town houses, semi-detached, and stand alone buildings. Hundreds of examples still survive in neighbourhoods such as Cabbagetown and Parkdale.[1] A residential architectural style unique to Toronto is the Annex style house. Built by the city's wealthy and mostly found in the neighbourhood they are named after, these houses contain diverse and eclectic elements borrowed from dozens of different styles. These houses are built of a mix of brick and sandstone, turrets, domes, and other ornamentation abound.[2]
During the early 20th century, Toronto developed a few slum neighbourhoods, such as The Ward.
Rise of the suburbs
A stretch of houses in Markham, just north of the city, reflects the housing being built today in the newer suburbs.
The post war years and the rise of the personal automobile saw the rapid rise of the suburbs, as occurred across North America. The most important suburban development was that of Don Mills in North York. Begun in 1952, it was the first planned community in Canada, and it initiated many practices that would become standard in Toronto suburbs. The Don Mills project put into practice many of the ideas of the Garden city movement, based on the ideas developed by Sir Ebenezer Howard, creating a multi-use community focused on distinct neighbourhoods.
The earliest suburbs in North York, Scarborough, and Etobicoke mostly consisted of small single family homes often bungalows. Over time suburban houses have grown in size and moved away from the simplistic post-war designs embracing the neo-eclectic style. Suburban growth has continued to this day, with new projects in far flung regions such as Milton. The Toronto suburbs are far vaster than those of other Canadian cities, with Mississauga, the largest of its suburbs, itself being one of Canada's largest cities.
Toronto never experienced the inner city collapse that affected many American cities, although some neighbourhoods have become lower income. Many of the mansions of the Annex were subdivided into apartments, and in the 1950s, the area became home to a mix of Hungarian immigrants and students from the nearby University of Toronto campus. Parkdale also had a demographic shift from a largely upper middle class to a poorer population. Many central neighbourhoods did also remain popular and prosperous, such as Riverdale and Yonge and Eglinton.
Toronto suburbs are different in character than those of other North American cities. During the 1960s and 1970s, city planners tried to curb sprawl by encouraging high population density in the suburbs, with small lots and many apartment buildings placed in areas far from the downtown core. This has had mixed results. Toronto is considerably denser than most other North American cities, which has reduced sprawl and made it easier to provide city services such as mass transit. At the same time, planners avoided creating mixed-use areas, forcing suburban residents to work and shop elsewhere. As these suburban districts have aged the housing stock has declined and certain areas of suburban Toronto have stagnated and experienced higher crime rates, such as Jane and Finch, Rexdale, and Malvern. Modern planners have been trying to adjust this, and several Toronto suburbs have been working to build their own central business districts and move beyond being bedroom suburbs to being centres of business and industry as well.
Modernist apartment towers of St. James Town, based on Le Corbusier's "towers in the park" concept.
The postwar years also saw the rise of apartment style housing. In the 1960s and 1970s, this kind of housing was mostly focused on low to middle income residents. Beginning in the 1950s, the city bulldozed older lower income neighbourhoods, replacing them with housing projects, ultimately destroying large sections of Victorian housing. The earliest and most notorious example of such projects was Regent Park. It replaced a large portion of Cabbagetown with a series of low-rise and high-rise buildings that quickly became crime-ridden and even more depressed than the neighbourhood it replaced. In later years, similar projects such as Moss Park and Alexandra Park were less disastrous, but also far from successful. Canada's densest community, St. James Town, was built in this era as a high-rise community of private and public housing in separate towers, also replacing a Victorian neighbourhood. These patterns changed dramatically beginning in the 1970s and gentrification began transforming once poor neighbourhoods, such as Cabbagetown, into some of the city's most popular and expensive real estate.
Outside of the core, even new neighbourhoods experienced significant high-rise apartment building construction, as builders embraced the "towers in the park" design, invented by Le Corbusier. The towers were built further from the sidewalk, leaving room on the property around the edifice for parking, lawns, trees, and other landscaping. They are typically simple, brick-clad high-rise buildings with rectangular footprints and little ornamentation other than repeating series of balconies for each apartment. However, some apartment buildings from this era utilize less conventional designs in the "tower in the park" format, such as the Prince Arthur Towers, Jane-Exbury Towers and 44 Walmer Road designed by Uno Prii.
In 1972, the Canadian tax code was radically altered making rental housing much less attractive to investors. At the same time, deindustrialization opened a number of new areas to residential development. The new projects took the form of condominiums. This form of housing was introduced in the province's Condominium Act in the 1960s, but it was not until the 1980s that condos become very popular. An initial condo boom started in 1986, but the market collapsed in the late 1980s and early 1990s recession, and many investors were badly mauled.[3] In 1995, condo prices were still 30% below the earlier highs.[4] That year, a new boom began in Toronto that has continued to this day. An unprecedented number of new projects have been built in Toronto. In 2000, Condo Life magazine listed 152 separate projects underway within the city of Toronto.[5] By 2007, the number of projects in the GTA had reached 247.[6]
This development has been concentrated in the downtown core, especially in the former industrial areas just outside of the central business district. The largest such project is CityPlace, a cluster of condo towers on former railway lands by the lake shore. This $2 billion project will eventually consist of 20 different towers housing some 12,000 people.[7] Transit-oriented developments are also common in Toronto, such as at North York Centre and Sheppard East along the namesake subway line and Sheppard West along the subway line's westward extension.
Toronto is the commercial centre of Canada. Many of the country's largest firms are based there, and most others keep a major presence in the city. Among Canada's oldest and most prominent firms are the Big Five banks and the banks have erected many of Toronto's most prominent buildings. The Financial District is centred on the intersection of Bay and King in the heart of downtown. The blocks at each corner of this intersection are home to office towers for the major banks. This cluster includes four of Canada's five tallest buildings.
At the southwest of Bay and King is Mies van der Rohe's Toronto-Dominion Centre, a complex of six black International Style towers. Its tallest tower once dominated the Toronto skyline as the city's first modern skyscraper and the tallest building in Canada from 1967 to 1972.[8] On the southeast corner is CIBC's Commerce Court complex. It is a cluster of four office buildings. The first building, known since the 1970s as Commerce Court North, was built in 1930 as the headquarters. Designed by the firm Pearson and Darling, the 34-storey tower was the tallest building in the British Empire/Commonwealth of Nations until 1962. In 1972, three other buildings were erected, thus creating the Commerce Court complex: Commerce Court West designed by I. M. Pei (the tallest building in the complex, at 57 storeys, and the tallest building in Canada from 1972–1976), Commerce Court East (14 storeys), and Commerce Court South (5 storeys). Across the intersection on the northwestern corner is First Canadian Place, housing the main Toronto offices of the Bank of Montreal. It was designed by Edward Durell Stone and originally clad in Carrara marble. Since 1975, it has held the title of Canada's tallest office building with a height of 298 metres. Scotia Plaza, headquarters of Scotiabank, is the second tallest building in Canada and is the newest of the Bay and King office towers having been completed in 1988. Just beyond Bay and King, a number of other towers are found. To the south is the Royal Bank Plaza, the Royal Bank of Canada's main building in Toronto. At Bay and Wellington is TD Canada Trust Tower, the third tallest building in Canada, and its mate the Bay Wellington Tower.
The hospitality industry is among Toronto's most important industries. There are over 180 hotels throughout the Greater Toronto Area. One of Toronto's best known hotels is the Fairmont Royal York hotel, which was the tallest building in the British Empire at the time of the hotel's completion in 1929.
A widely implemented and important concept in the Toronto cityscape is that of the Main Street (not to be confused with the street actually named Main Street in East Toronto, which is not the city's "main" street), which entails a streetscape that is
"characterized by buildings on small lots (frontages less than 12.5 metres) ranging in height from 2 to 5 storeys. These buildings have street-related retail uses at grade and residential uses above. Typically, they are built to the lot line and span the width of the lot. These characteristics produce the familiar retail strip in which there is a continuous wall of retail activity and there is a direct relationship between the main entrance of a store and the public sidewalk."[9]
The Main Street is the concept of small avenues and store frontages on busy roads which maintain the vitality of communities and the continuity of the streetscape.
Toronto Eaton Centre
Designed by Eberhard Zeidler, the Eaton Centre represented one of North America's first downtown shopping malls. It was designed as a multi-levelled, vaulted glass-ceiling galleria, modelled after the Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II in Milan, Italy. At the time of its opening in 1977, the interior design of the Eaton Centre was considered quite revolutionary and influenced shopping centre architecture throughout North America. Plans originally called for the demolition of Old City Hall and the Church of the Holy Trinity, but these were eventually dropped after a public outcry. Ultimately, Louisa Street, Downey's Lane and Albert Lane were closed and disappeared from the city street grid to make way for the new office and retail complex.
Large, sprawling retail centres are common in suburban Toronto. Of the more notable such centres is Yorkdale Shopping Centre, which opened in 1964 as the largest mall in the world. The mall was constructed with a novel system for its retailers to receive merchandise. Most shopping centres have their receiving doors located at the back side, while Yorkdale was constructed with a one-way, two-laned road for trucks running beneath the centre that leads directly to retailers' basement storages.
Other large shopping malls in Toronto include Scarborough Town Centre, Fairview Mall, and Sherway Gardens.
Institutional architecture
The current Toronto City Hall
Toronto is the provincial capital of Ontario. The Romanesque Ontario Legislature is one of the most prominent monuments in the city, forming a terminating vista at the end of University Avenue. To the east of the legislature are a number of governmental buildings, with the best known being the Whitney Block. Constructed over many decades, they embrace a number of different styles. The provincial government have been unwilling to pay for structures as lavish as those of the private sector, and few of the provincial buildings are of much prominence.
Two of the most distinct and well known structures in downtown Toronto are the old and current city halls. The Old City Hall was built in 1899 and is a prominent example of the late Victorian Romanesque Revival style. Across the street is the starkly different new Toronto City Hall opened in 1965. This brashly modernist structure was designed by Finnish architect Viljo Revell. It fronts Nathan Phillips Square, which was also designed by Revell. Today, both buildings are considered symbols of the city.
Post-secondary educational institutions
Hart House at the University of Toronto designed by Henry Sproatt
The University of Toronto (U of T) has embraced dramatic design and monumentalism, and its prominent location at the centre of the city has given its structures a wide impact. Built up over almost two centuries, the university's buildings cover a wide range of styles. The Collegiate Gothic style was embraced for many of the earliest buildings, such as Hart House, Trinity College, and Burwash Hall, but there are also examples of almost all the Victorian revival styles on campus. In recent decades, the university has built examples of modernism, such as McLennan Physical Laboratories; brutalism, such as Robarts Library; and postmodernism, such as the graduate house by Pritzker Architecture Prize winner Thom Mayne. Sir Norman Foster designed the University of Toronto's Leslie L. Dan Pharmacy Building, which is home to the largest pharmacy faculty in Canada. It was completed in 2006.
The other two major universities, Scott Library.
The Ontario College of Art and Design, for many years confined to a series of comparatively unprepossessing buildings in the western part of downtown, was transformed in 2004 by the addition of the Will Alsop's Sharp Centre of Design. It consists of a black and white speckled box suspended four storeys off the ground and supported by a series of multi-coloured pillars at different angles.
The Gehry-designed spiral stairwell in Walker Court in the Art Gallery of Ontario
Toronto is home to a variety of museums of varied styles. The Hockey Hall of Fame is housed in a Beaux-Arts building designed by Frank Darling that was formerly a branch of the Bank of Montreal. Several of Canada's most prominent museums are located in Toronto and since the late 2000s have seen a number of architecturally bold expansions. The Gardiner Museum recently commissioned KPMB Architects for a renovation and expansion, which was completed in 2006. The design consists of strongly pronounced rectangular and square windows, with various asymmetrical setbacks. Opened in 1914, the Royal Ontario Museum is Canada's largest. In 2007, Daniel Libeskind's expansion arrived, giving the museum a series of enormous "crystals" that rise dramatically five storeys from the street surface. These crystals are named after Michael Lee-Chin, who funded a significant proportion of the façade. Frank Gehry's redesign of the Art Gallery of Ontario, completed in November 2008, completely altered the museum inside and out. The new front façade of the gallery became an exercise in transparency, with the upper level transformed into a new sculpture court. Other museums include the Bata Shoe Museum on the north end of the University of Toronto.
One of the most common institutions in Toronto are the large number of churches and other houses of worship. In the 19th and early 20th century, Toronto was home to a wide array of Christian denominations, each of which erected a wide array of churches in what is today central Toronto. Over time, the decrease in population in the core and the move away from mainline denominations has seen many of these churches disappear. Many still remain, and they are some of the more notable buildings in the city. While some very early churches were in the Gothic Revival became the dominant. Gothic Revival was used for essentially all major Protestant churches in Toronto up until the early 1950s. Roman Catholic churches were also most often Gothic, though Italianate and Baroque churches were also erected. The coming of modernism caused churches of all denominations to move away from the Gothic, and embrace modernist architecture with a wide array of designs. These are the typical church style found in the suburbs that were created after the Second World War.
Toronto has had an important Jewish community since the late 19th century. Originally, several synagogues were erected in the downtown, and a handful survive today. After the Second World War, the Jewish community recentred upon the Bathurst Street corridor. During the late 20th century and the early 21st century, a wide number of other religious groups have grown to considerable numbers in Toronto and constructed traditional religious structures in the city. Several mosques, as well as Buddhist and Hindu temples, have been built. One of the most notable is the Hindu BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir Toronto opened in the northwest of the city in 2007.
Cultural architecture
Designed by Canadian architects Arthur Erickson and Mathers and Haldenby, the 2630-seat Roy Thomson Hall opened in 1982 as the primary home of the Toronto Symphony Orchestra.
In June 2006, the Four Seasons Centre for the Performing Arts opened as the new home of the Canadian Opera Company and The National Ballet of Canada. Designed by Diamond + Schmitt, the 2,000 seat opera house has a European-style tiered horseshoe-shaped auditorium. It is the first structure in Canada specifically designed to house both opera and ballet with customized acoustics.[10][11]
Toronto is home to several sports venues, most notably the Rogers Centre, the Air Canada Centre, and BMO Field, which are all current venues. The Maple Leaf Gardens is perhaps Toronto's best known former sporting venue, as it was the home of the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League (NHL) for much of said team's history. The Gardens were later converted to a grocery and liquor store for the first two floors, respectively, as well as clothing on the second floor, and its upper floor, a smaller arena, the Mattamy Athletic Centre, for the Ryerson Rams hockey team, as well as for basketball matches in the 2015 Pan American Games.
The Golden Horseshoe (including Toronto) saw construction of new venues for the 2015 Pan American Games and the 2015 Parapan American Games, as well as renovations to existing venues.
Transportation architecture
Toronto has a collection of rapid transit stations that are designed by notable architects, particularly with the Spadina section of Line 1 Yonge–University, as well as Line 4 Sheppard along the namesake avenue. The extension of the Spadina section of Line 1 to Vaughan Metropolitan Centre will have unique architecture as well.
Museum station was renovated to resemble that of the Royal Ontario Museum's collection; its renovation was completed in 2008. Dufferin, Union, and Pape subway stations were renovated during the mid-2010s to add new artwork and in the case of the latter, a second platform was added as well, though not as a Spanish Solution.
The most prominent landmark in Toronto, and its best known symbol, is the CN Tower. It was the world's tallest free-standing structure for 31 years, from its completion in 1975 until Burj Khalifa in Dubai, United Arab Emirates surpassed it in 2007; it remains the tallest free-standing tower in the Western Hemisphere. The CN Tower is used as an observation tower, as well as a communications tower.
Constructed by E. J. Lennox during the early 1910s, Casa Loma, a Gothic revival-style castle located on Walmer and Davenport roads, was originally the residence of Sir Henry Pellatt, a Canadian financier and soldier. The city later took over the castle when Pellatt could no longer afford to keep it.
List of tallest buildings in Toronto
List of oldest buildings and structures in Toronto
Doors Open Toronto
Architecture of Ottawa
^ Maureen Murray. "Realtors sing the condo blues." Toronto Star. Toronto, Ont.: Dec 31, 1991. pg. C.1
^ "Condo boom unlike excessive '80s." Toronto Star. Toronto, Ont.: Aug 21, 1998. pg. 1
^ Peter Kuitenbrouwer. "Condo boom has city dwellers lining up: Unprecented growth;" National Post. Don Mills, Ont.: Jul 22, 2000. pg. E.1.FRO
^ Jane Renwick. "Condo boom, record digits." National Post. Don Mills, Ont.: Aug 11, 2007. pg. PH.2
^ Joanne Lovering. "City within the city: After years of planning and millions spent, a company's grandiose plans for Toronto shoot up at CityPlace." National Post. Don Mills, Ont.: Feb 23, 2002. pg. PH.1.FR
^ "Moment in Time: TD Centre Opens in Toronto". The Globe and Mail (Toronto), 2014-05-14
^ Welivehere.ca: Proposal to amend the Zoning By-law for the former City of Toronto regarding development standards to address drive-through restaurants and other drive-through operations.
^ Canadian Opera Company
^ Architecture Week
Arthur, Eric. Toronto: No Mean City University of Toronto Press, 1978 ISBN 0802021395
Cruikshank, Tom. Old Toronto Houses. Toronto: Firefly Books, 2003.
Denby William and William Kilbourn. Toronto Observed. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1986.
Fulford, Robert. Accidental City: The Transformation of Toronto.
Kalman, Harold D. A History of Canadian Architecture. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1994.
Toronto: J. Ross Robertson, 1894.Landmarks of Toronto.Robertson, J. Ross (John Ross).
Biographical Dictionary of Architects in Canada – biographies of Canadian architects and lists of their buildings from 1800 to 1950.
Cultural renaissance projects
Articles needing additional references from July 2010
Articles to be expanded from September 2011
Buildings and structures in Toronto
Architecture in Canada by city
Toronto, Ontario, Association of American Universities, Canada, World War II
Spanish Empire, British Overseas Territories, Portuguese Empire, Caribbean, Ottoman Empire
Toronto, Montreal, Ontario, Chicago, Royal Bank of Canada
2015 Pan American Games
Canadian dollar, 2011 Pan American Games, 2016 Summer Olympics, Colombia, Cirque du Soleil
Argonaut Rowing Club
Toronto, Canada, Toronto Argonauts, Rowing (sport), Ontario
Native trees in Toronto
Toronto, Asia, Europe, History of Toronto, Greater Toronto Area
Toronto Public Health
Toronto, Politics of Toronto, Toronto Transit Commission, Health in Toronto, Municipal government of Toronto


Jessica Lowndes is only 27, but we feel like we've been her secret admirer for a decade at least. The 90210 star showed her pseudo-comedic range in last year's A Deadly Adoption, which aired on Lifetime and had Jessica sharing the screen with Will Ferrell and Kristen Wiig in a perfect recreation of those cheesy movies Lifetime airs all the time. You know, the ones with titles like A Deadly Adoption and always feature a seemingly perfect suburban couple's life together being torn apart, usually by a hot younger woman -- in this case Jessica.