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Journal & Issues
Volume 56 (2022): Issue 4 (December 2022)
Volume 56 (2022): Issue 3 (September 2022)
Volume 56 (2022): Issue 1 (March 2022)
Blood-brain barrier permeability imaging using perfusion computed tomography
Jernej Avsenik,
Sotirios Bisdas and
Katarina Surlan Popovic
Published Online: 25 Mar 2015
Background. The blood-brain barrier represents the selective diffusion barrier at the level of the cerebral microvascular endothelium. Other functions of blood-brain barrier include transport, signaling and osmoregulation. Endothelial cells interact with surrounding astrocytes, pericytes and neurons. These interactions are crucial to the development, structural integrity and function of the cerebral microvascular endothelium. Dysfunctional blood-brain barrier has been associated with pathologies such as acute stroke, tumors, inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases.
Conclusions. Blood-brain barrier permeability can be evaluated in vivo by perfusion computed tomography - an efficient diagnostic method that involves the sequential acquisition of tomographic images during the intravenous administration of iodinated contrast material. The major clinical applications of perfusion computed tomography are in acute stroke and in brain tumor imaging.
blood-brain barrier
permeability imaging
perfusion CT
Evaluation of radiographic and metabolic changes in bone metastases in response to systemic therapy with 18FDG-PET/CT
Bengul Gunalp,
Ali Ozan Oner,
Semra Ince,
Engin Alagoz,
Aslı Ayan and
Nuri Arslan
Background. The aim of the study was to retrospectively evaluate radiographic and metabolic changes in bone metastases in response to systemic therapy with 18FDG-PET/CT and determine their roles on the evaluation of therapy response.
Patients and methods. We retrospectively evaluated radiographic and metabolic characteristics of bone metastases in 30 patients who were referred for the evaluation of response to systemic therapy with 18FDG-PET/CT. All patients underwent integrated 18FDG-PET/CT before and after treatment.
Results. The baseline radiographic patterns of the target lesions in responders group were lytic, sclerotic, mixed and CT negative; after treatment the radiographic patterns of all target lesions changed to a sclerotic pattern and attenuation increased (p = 0.012) and metabolic activity decreased (p = 0.012). A correlation was found between decreasing metabolic activity and increasing attenuation of the target lesions (r = -0.55) (p = 0.026). Ho wever, in nonresponders group, the baseline radiologic patterns of the target lesions were lytic, blastic, mixed and CT negative; after treatment all lytic target lesions remained the same and one CT negative lesion turned to lytic pattern and the attenuation of the target lesions decreased (p ± 0.12) and metabolic activity increased (p = 0.012). A correlation was found between increasing metabolic activity and decreasing attenuation (r = -0.65) (p = 0.032). An exception of this rule was seen in baseline blastic metastases which progressed with increasing in size, metabolic activity and attenuation.
Conclusions. This study shows that the metabolic activity of lesions is a more reliable parameter than the radiographic patterns for the evaluation of therapy response.
bone metastases
therapy response
18FDG-PET/CT
Thyroid lesions incidentally detected by 18F-FDG PET-CT ― a two centre retrospective study
Jan Jamsek,
Ivana Zagar,
Simona Gaberscek and
Marko Grmek
Background. Incidental 18F-FDG uptake in the thyroid on PET-CT examinations represents a diagnostic challenge. The maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax) is one possible parameter that can help in distinguishing between benign and malignant thyroid PET lesions.
Patients and methods. We retrospectively evaluated 18F-FDG PET-CT examinations of 5,911 patients performed at two different medical centres from 2010 to 2011. If pathologically increased activity was accidentally detected in the thyroid, the SUVmax of the thyroid lesion was calculated. Patients with incidental 18F-FDG uptake in the thyroid were instructed to visit a thyroidologist, who performed further investigation including fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) if needed. Lesions deemed suspicious after FNAC were referred for surgery.
Results. Incidental 18F-FDG uptake in the thyroid was found in 3.89% ― in 230 out of 5,911 patients investigated on PET-CT. Malignant thyroid lesions (represented with focal thyroid uptake) were detected in 10 of 66 patients (in 15.2%). In the first medical centre the SUVmax of 36 benign lesions was 5.6 ± 2.8 compared to 15.8 ± 9.2 of 5 malignant lesions (p < 0.001). In the second centre the SUVmax of 20 benign lesions was 3.7 ± 2.2 compared to 5.1 ± 2.3 of 5 malignant lesions (p = 0.217). All 29 further investigated diffuse thyroid lesions were benign.
Conclusions. Incidental 18F-FDG uptake in the thyroid was found in 3.89% of patients who had a PET-CT examination. Only focal thyroid uptake represented a malignant lesion in our study ― in 15.2% of all focal thyroid lesions. SUVmax should only serve as one of several parameters that alert the clinician on the possibility of thyroid malignancy.
18F-FDG
PET incidentaloma
Primary central nervous system lymphoma: is absence of intratumoral hemorrhage a characteristic finding on MRI?
Akihiko Sakata,
Tomohisa Okada,
Akira Yamamoto,
Mitsunori Kanagaki,
Yasutaka Fushimi,
Toshiki Dodo,
Yoshiki Arakawa,
Jun C Takahashi,
Susumu Miyamoto and
Kaori Togashi
Background. Previous studies have shown that intratumoral hemorrhage is a common finding in glioblastoma multiforme, but is rarely observed in primary central nervous system lymphoma. Our aim was to reevaluate whether intratumoral hemorrhage observed on T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) as gross intratumoral hemorrhage and on susceptibilityweighted imaging as intratumoral susceptibility signal can differentiate primary central nervous system lymphoma from glioblastoma multiforme.
Patients and methods. A retrospective cohort of brain tumors from August 2008 to March 2013 was searched, and 58 patients (19 with primary central nervous system lymphoma, 39 with glioblastoma multiforme) satisfied the inclusion criteria. Absence of gross intratumoral hemorrhage was examined on T2WI, and an intratumoral susceptibility signal was graded using a 3-point scale on susceptibility-weighted imaging. Results were compared between primary central nervous system lymphoma and glioblastoma multiforme, and values of P < 0.05 were considered significant.
Results. Gross intratumoral hemorrhage on T2WI was absent in 15 patients (79%) with primary central nervous system lymphoma and 23 patients (59%) with glioblastoma multiforme. Absence of gross intratumoral hemorrhage could not differentiate between the two disorders (P = 0.20). However, intratumoral susceptibility signal grade 1 or 2 was diagnostic of primary central nervous system lymphoma with 78.9% sensitivity and 66.7% specificity (P < 0.001), irrespective of gross intratumoral hemorrhage.
Conclusions. Low intratumoral susceptibility signal grades can differentiate primary central nervous system lymphoma from glioblastoma multiforme. However, specificity in this study was relatively low, and primary central nervous system lymphoma cannot be excluded based solely on the presence of an intratumoral susceptibility signal.
primary central nervous system lymphoma
Doppler ultrasound for diagnosis of soft tissue sarcoma: efficacy of ultrasound-based screening score
Satoshi Nagano,
Yuhei Yahiro,
Masahiro Yokouchi,
Takao Setoguchi,
Yasuhiro Ishidou,
Hiromi Sasaki,
Hirofumi Shimada,
Ichiro Kawamura and
Setsuro Komiya
Background. The utility of ultrasound imaging in the screening of soft-part tumours (SPTs) has been reported. We classified SPTs according to their blood flow pattern on Doppler ultrasound and re-evaluated the efficacy of this imaging modality as a screening method. Additionally, we combined Doppler ultrasound with several values to improve the diagnostic efficacy and to establish a new diagnostic tool.
Patients and methods. This study included 189 cases of pathologically confirmed SPTs (122 cases of benign disease including SPTs and tumour-like lesions and 67 cases of malignant SPTs). Ultrasound imaging included evaluation of vascularity by colour Doppler. We established a scoring system to more effectively differentiate malignant from benign SPTs (ultrasound-based sarcoma screening [USS] score).
Results. The mean scores in the benign and malignant groups were 1.47 ± 0.93 and 3.42 ± 1.30, respectively. Patients with malignant masses showed significantly higher USS scores than did those with benign masses (p < 1 × 10-10). The area under the curve was 0.88 by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Based on the cut-off value (3 points) calculated by ROC curve analysis, the sensitivity and specificity for a diagnosis of malignant SPT was 85.1% and 86.9%, respectively.
Conclusions. Assessment of vascularity by Doppler ultrasound alone is insufficient for differentiation between benign and malignant SPTs. Preoperative diagnosis of most SPTs is possible by combining our USS score with characteristic clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings.
soft-part tumours
ultrasound-based sarcoma screening score
Artery of Percheron infarction: review of literature with a case report
Urska Lamot,
Ivana Ribaric and
Background. Clinical features indicating an ischemic infarction in the territory of posterior cerebral circulation require a comprehensive radiologic examination, which is best achieved by a multi-modality imaging approach (computed tomography [CT], CT-perfusion, computed tomography angiography [CTA], magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] and diffusion weighted imaging [DWI]). The diagnosis of an acute ischemic infarction, where the damage of brain tissue may still be reversible, enables selection of appropriate treatment and contributes to a more favourable outcome. For these reasons it is essential to recognize common neurovascular variants in the territory of the posterior cerebral circulation, one of which is the artery of Percheron.
Case report. A 69 year-old woman, last seen awake 10 hours earlier, presented with two typical clinical features of the artery of Percheron infarction, which were vertical gaze palsy and coma. Brain CT and CTA of neck and intracranial arteries upon arrival were interpreted as normal. A new brain CT scan performed 24 hours later revealed hypodensity in the medial parts of thalami. Other imaging modalities were not performed, due to the presumption that the window for the application of effective therapy was over. The diagnosis of an artery of Percheron infarction was therefore made retrospectively with the re-examination of the CTA of neck and intracranial arteries.
Conclusions. A multi-modality imaging approach is necessary in every patient with suspicion of the posterior circulation infarction immediately after the onset of symptoms, especially in cases where primary imaging modalities are unremarkable and clinical features are severe, where follow-up examinations are indicated.
Percheron
infarction
Feasibility and safety of electrochemotherapy (ECT) in the pancreas: a pre-clinical investigation
Roberto Girelli,
Simona Prejanò,
Ivana Cataldo,
Vincenzo Corbo,
Lucia Martini,
Aldo Scarpa and
Background. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal disease generally refractory to standard chemotherapeutic agents; therefore improvements in anticancer therapies are mandatory. A major determinant of therapeutic resistance in PDAC is the poor drug delivery to neoplastic cells, mainly due to an extensive fibrotic reaction. Electroporation can be used in vivo to increase cancer cells' local uptake of chemotherapeutics (electrochemotherapy, ECT), thus leading to an enhanced tumour response rate. In the present study, we evaluated the in vivo effects of reversible electroporation in normal pancreas in a rabbit experimental model. We also tested the effect of electroporation on pancreatic cancer cell lines in order to evaluate their increased sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents.
Materials and methods. The application in vivo of the European Standard Operating Procedure of Electrochemotherapy (ESOPE) pulse protocol (1000 V/cm, 8 pulses, 100 μs, 5 KHz) was tested on the pancreas of normal New Zealand White Rabbits and short and long-term toxicity were assessed. PANC1 and MiaPaCa2 cell lines were tested for in vitro electrochemotherapy experiments with and without electroporation. Levels of cell permeabilization were determined by flow cytometry, whereas cell viability and drug (cisplatin and bleomycin) sensitivity of pulsed cells were measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay.
Results. In healthy rabbits, neither systemic nor local toxic effects due to the electroporation procedure were observed, demonstrating the safety of the optimized electric parameters in the treatment of the pancreas in vivo. In parallel, we established an optimized protocol for ECT in vitro that determined an enhanced anti-cancer effect of bleomycin and cisplatin with respect to treatment without electroporation.
Conclusions. Our data suggest that electroporation is a safe procedure in the treatment of PDAC because it does not affect normal pancreatic parenchyma, but has a potentiating effect on cytotoxicity of bleomycin in pancreatic tumour cell lines. Therefore, ECT could be considered as a valid alternative for the local control of non-resectable pancreatic cancer.
bleomycin
electrochemotherapy
preclinical study
pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Efficacy of intensity-modulated radiotherapy with concurrent carboplatin in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Anussara Songthong,
Chakkapong Chakkabat,
Danita Kannarunimit and
Chawalit Lertbutsayanukul
Background. The aim of the prospective phase II study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicities of concurrent carboplatin with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).
Patients and methods. Between October 2005 and November 2011, 73 stage II‒IVB NPC patients received IMRT 70 Gy concurrently with three cycles of carboplatin (AUC 5) every three weeks, followed by three cycles of adjuvant carboplatin (AUC 5) and 5-FU (1,000 mg/m2/day for four days) every four weeks. All patients were evaluated for tumour response using response evaluation criteria in solid tumour (RECIST) criteria, survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier methods, and toxicities according to common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE) version 4.0.
Results. At three months after chemoradiation, 82.2% and 17.8% of patients achieved complete and partial response, respectively. With a median follow-up of 48.1 months (1.3‒97.8 months), 9.6% and 17.8% had local recurrence and distant metastasis, respectively. The median survival was not reached. A three-year overall survival was 83.6% and a progression-free survival was 65.3%. Regarding treatment compliance, 97.2%, 68.5% and 69.8% completed radiation treatment, concurrent carboplatin and adjuvant chemotherapy, respectively. Grade 3‒4 acute toxicities were oral mucositis (16.4%), dysphagia (16.4%), xerostomia (15.1%) and haematotoxicity (6.8%).
Conclusions. Carboplatin concurrently with IMRT provided excellent tumour response, manageable toxicities and good compliance. This should be considered as an alternative treatment for NPC patients.
intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT)
nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Preoperative treatment with radiochemotherapy for locally advanced gastroesophageal junction cancer and unresectable locally advanced gastric cancer
Ivica Ratosa,
Irena Oblak,
Franc Anderluh,
Vaneja Velenik,
Jasna But-Hadzic,
Ajra Secerov Secerov and
Ana Jeromen
Background. To purpose of the study was to analyze the results of preoperative radiochemotherapy in patients with unresectable gastric or locoregionally advanced gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer treated at a single institution.
Patients and methods. Between 1/2004 and 6/2012, 90 patients with locoregionally advanced GEJ or unresectable gastric cancer were treated with preoperative radiochemotherapy at the Institute of Oncology Ljubljana. Planned treatment schedule consisted of induction chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin, followed by concomitant radiochemotherapy four weeks later. Three-dimensional conformal external beam radiotherapy was delivered by dual energy (6 and 15 MV) linear accelerator in 25 daily fractions of 1.8 Gy in 5 weeks with two additional cycles of chemotherapy repeated every 28 days. Surgery was performed 4-6 weeks after completing radiochemotherapy. Following the surgery, multidisciplinary advisory team reassessed patients for the need of adjuvant chemotherapy. The primary endpoints were histopathological R0 resection rate and pathological response rate. The secondary endpoints were toxicity of preoperative radiochemotherapy and survival.
Results. Treatment with preoperative radiochemotherapy was completed according to the protocol in 84 of 90 patients (93.3%). Twenty patients (22.2%) did not undergo the surgery because of the disease progression, serious comorbidity, poor performance status or still unresectable tumour. In 13 patients (14.4%) only exploration was performed because the tumour was assessed as unresectable or diffuse peritoneal carcinomatosis was established. Fifty-seven patients (63.4%) underwent surgery with the aim of complete removal of the tumour. Radical resection was achieved in 50 (55.6%) patients and the remaining seven (7.8%) patients underwent non-radical surgery (R1 in five and R2 in two patients). In this group of patients (n = 57), pathological complete response of tumour was achieved in five patients (5.6% of all treated patients or 8.8% of all operated patients). Down-staging was recorded in 49 patients (86%), in one patient (1.8%) the stage after radiochemotherapy was unchanged while in seven patients (12.3%) the pathological stage was higher than clinical, mainly due to higher pN stage. No death was recorded during preoperative radiochemotherapy. Most grade 3 and 4 toxicities were due to vomiting, nausea and bone marrow suppression (granulocytopenia). Twentysix (45.6%) patients died due to GEJ or gastric carcinoma, one died because of septic shock following the surgery and a reason for two deaths was unknown. Twenty-eight patients (49.1%) were disease free at the time of analysis, while 29 patients (50.9%) developed the recurrence, mostly as distant metastases. At two years, locoregional control, diseasefree survival, disease-specific survival and overall survival were 82.9%, 43.9%, 56.9% and 53.9%, respectively.
Conclusions. Preoperative radiochemotherapy was feasible in our group of patients and had acceptable toxicity. Majority of patients achieved down-staging, allowing greater proportion of radical resections (R0), which are essential for patients' cure.
unresectable gastric cancer
gastroesophageal junction cancer
preoperative radiochemotherapy
Febrile neutropenia in chemotherapy treated small-cell lung cancer patients
Renata Rezonja Kukec,
Iztok Grabnar,
Tomaz Vovk,
Ales Mrhar,
Viljem Kovac and
Tanja Cufer
Background. Chemotherapy with platinum agent and etoposide for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is supposed to be associated with intermediate risk (10-20%) of febrile neutropenia. Primary prophylaxis with granulocyte colonystimulating factors (G-CSFs) is not routinely recommended by the treatment guidelines. However, in clinical practice febrile neutropenia is often observed with standard etoposide/platinum regimen. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the frequency of neutropenia and febrile neutropenia in advanced SCLC patients in the first cycle of standard chemotherapy. Furthermore, we explored the association between severe neutropenia and etoposide peak plasma levels in the same patients.
Methods. The case series based analysis of 17 patients with advanced SCLC treated with standard platinum/etoposide chemotherapy, already included in the pharmacokinetics study with etoposide, was performed. Grade 3/4 neutropenia and febrile neutropenia, observed after the first cycle are reported. The neutrophil counts were determined on day one of the second cycle unless symptoms potentially related to neutropenia occurred. Adverse events were classified according to Common Toxicity Criteria 4.0. Additionally, association between severe neutropenia and etoposide peak plasma concentrations, which were measured in the scope of pharmacokinetic study, was explored.
Results. Two out of 17 patients received primary GCS-F prophylaxis. In 15 patient who did not receive primary prophylaxis the rates of both grade 3/4 neutropenia and febrile neutropenia were high (8/15 (53.3%) and 2/15 (13.3%), respectively), already in the first cycle of chemotherapy. One patient died due to febrile neutropenia related pneumonia. Neutropenic events are assumed to be related to increased etoposide plasma concentrations after a standard etoposide and cisplatin dose. While the mean etoposide peak plasma concentration in the first cycle of chemotherapy was 17.6 mg/l, the highest levels of 27.07 and 27.49 mg/l were determined in two patients with febrile neutropenia.
Conclusions. Our study indicates that there is a need to reduce the risk of neutropenic events in chemotherapy treated advanced SCLC, starting in the first cycle. Mandatory use of primary G-CSF prophylaxis might be considered. Alternatively, use of improved risk models for identification of patients with increased risk for neutropenia and individualization of primary prophylaxis based on not only clinical characteristics but also on etoposide plasma concentration measurement, could be a new, promising options that deserves further evaluation.
platinum-etoposide chemotherapy
plasma drug concentration
Mesenteric ischemia after capecitabine treatment in rectal cancer and resultant short bowel syndrome is not an absolute contraindication for radical oncological treatment
Ana Perpar,
Erik Brecelj,
Nada Rotovnik Kozjek,
Marija Skoblar Vidmar and
Vaneja Velenik
Background. Thrombotic events, arterial or venous in origin, still remain a source of substantial morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. The propensity for their development in oncology patients is partially a consequence of the disease itself and partially a result of our attempts to treat it. One of the rarest and deadliest thromboembolic complications is arterial mesenteric ischemia. The high mortality rate is caused by its rarity and by its non-specific clinical presentation, both of which make early diagnosis and treatment difficult. Hence, most diagnoses and treatments occur late in the course of the disease. The issue survivors of arterial mesenteric ischemia may face is short bowel syndrome, which has become a chronic condition after the introduction of parenteral nutrition at home.
Case report. We present a 73-year-old rectal cancer patient who developed acute arterial mesenteric thrombosis at the beginning of the pre-operative radiochemotherapy. Almost the entire length of his small intestine, except for the proximal 50 cm of it, and the ascending colon had to be resected. After multi-organ failure his condition improved, and he was able to successfully complete radical treatment (preoperative radiotherapy and surgery) for the rectal carcinoma, despite developing short bowel syndrome (SBS) and being dependent upon home-based parenteral nutrition to fully cover his nutritional needs.
Conclusions. Mesenteric ischemia and resultant short bowel syndrome are not absolute contraindications for radical oncological treatment since such patients can still achieve long-term remission.
acute mesenteric ischemia
multiorgan failure
short bowel syndrome
Clinical applicability of biologically effective dose calculation for spinal cord in fractionated spine stereotactic body radiation therapy
Seung Heon Lee,
Kyu Chan Lee,
Jinho Choi,
So Hyun Ahn,
Seok Ho Lee,
Ki Hoon Sung and
Se Hee Kil
Background. The aim of the study was to investigate whether biologically effective dose (BED) based on linearquadratic model can be used to estimate spinal cord tolerance dose in spine stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) delivered in 4 or more fractions.
Patients and methods. Sixty-three metastatic spinal lesions in 47 patients were retrospectively evaluated. The most frequently prescribed dose was 36 Gy in 4 fractions. In planning, we tried to limit the maximum dose to the spinal cord or cauda equina less than 50% of prescription or 45 Gy2/2. BED was calculated using maximum point dose of spinal cord.
Results. Maximum spinal cord dose per fraction ranged from 2.6 to 6.0 Gy (median 4.3 Gy). Except 4 patients with 52.7, 56.4, 62.4, and 67.9 Gy2/2, equivalent total dose in 2-Gy fraction of the patients was not more than 50 Gy2/2 (12.1- 67.9, median 32.0). The ratio of maximum spinal cord dose to prescription dose increased up to 82.2% of prescription dose as epidural spinal cord compression grade increased. No patient developed grade 2 or higher radiationinduced spinal cord toxicity during follow-up period of 0.5 to 53.9 months.
Conclusions. In fractionated spine SBRT, BED can be used to estimate spinal cord tolerance dose, provided that the dose per fraction to the spinal cord is moderate, e.g. < 6.0 Gy. It appears that a maximum dose of up to 45-50 Gy2/2 to the spinal cord is tolerable in 4 or more fractionation regimen.
biologically effective dose
spine stereotactic body radiation therapy
tolerance dose
linear quadratic model
Dynamic CT angiography for cyberknife radiosurgery planning of intracranial arteriovenous malformations: a technical/ feasibility report
Anoop Haridass,
Jillian Maclean,
Santanu Chakraborty,
John Sinclair,
Janos Szanto,
Daniela Iancu and
Shawn Malone
Background. Successful radiosurgery for arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) requires accurate nidus delineation in the 3D treatment planning system (TPS). The catheter biplane digital subtraction angiogram (DSA) has traditionally been the gold standard for evaluation of the AVM nidus, but its 2D nature limits its value for contouring and it cannot be imported into the Cyberknife TPS. We describe a technique for acquisition and integration of 3D dynamic CT angiograms (dCTA) into the Cyberknife TPS for intracranial AVMs and review the feasibility of using this technique in the first patient cohort.
Patients and methods. Dynamic continuous whole brain CT images were acquired in a Toshiba 320 volume CT scanner with data reconstruction every 0.5 sec. This multi-time-point acquisition enabled us to choose the CT dataset with the clearest nidus without significant enhancement of surrounding blood vessels. This was imported to the Cyberknife TPS and co-registered with planning CT and T2 MRI (2D DSA adjacent for reference). The feasibility of using dCTA was evaluated in the first thirteen patients with outcome evaluation from patient records.
Results. dCTA data was accurately co-registered in the Cyberknife TPS and appeared to assist in nidus contouring for all patients. Imaging modalities were complementary. 85% of patients had complete (6/13) or continuing partial nidus obliteration (5/13) at 37 months median follow-up.
Conclusions. dCTA is a promising imaging technique that can be successfully imported into the Cyberknife TPS and appears to assist in radiosurgery nidus definition. Further study to validate its role is warranted.
dynamic CT angiogram
The cost of systemic therapy for metastatic colorectal carcinoma in Slovenia: discrepancy analysis between cost and reimbursement
Tanja Mesti,
Biljana Mileva Boshkoska,
Mitja Kos,
Metka Tekavčič and
Janja Ocvirk
Background. The aim of the study was to estimate the direct medical costs of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treated at the Institute of Oncology Ljubljana and to question the healthcare payment system in Slovenia.
Methods. Using an internal patient database, the costs of mCRC patients were estimated in 2009 by examining (1) mCRC direct medical related costs, and (2) the cost difference between payment received by Slovenian health insurance and actual mCRC costs. Costs were analysed in the treatment phase of the disease by assessing the direct medical costs of hospital treatment with systemic therapy together with hospital treatment of side effects, without assessing radiotherapy or surgical treatment. Follow-up costs, indirect medical costs, and nonmedical costs were not included.
Results. A total of 209 mCRC patients met all eligibility criteria. The direct medical costs of mCRC hospitalization with systemic therapy in Slovenia for 2009 were estimated as the cost of medications (cost of systemic therapy + cost of drugs for premedication) + labor cost (the cost of carrying out systemic treatment) + cost of lab tests + cost of imaging tests + KRAS testing cost + cost of hospital treatment due to side effects of mCRC treatment, and amounted to €3,914,697. The difference between the cost paid by health insurance and actual costs, estimated as direct medical costs of hospitalization of mCRC patients treated with systemic therapy at the Institute of Oncology Ljubljana in 2009, was €1,900,757.80.
Conclusions. The costs paid to the Institute of Oncology Ljubljana by health insurance for treating mCRC with systemic therapy do not match the actual cost of treatment. In fact, the difference between the payment and the actual cost estimated as direct medical costs of hospitalization of mCRC patients treated with systemic therapy at the Institute of Oncology Ljubljana in 2009 was €1,900,757.80. The model Australian Refined Diagnosis Related Groups (AR-DRG) for cost assessment in oncology being currently used is probably one of the reasons for the discrepancy between pay-outs and actual costs. We propose new method for more precise cost assessment in oncology.
cost of treatment
metastatic colorectal cancer
cost of targeted therapy
monitoring costs


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Taylor Swift's 'Midnights' is here. Let's talk about those fan theories.
Fact vs. Taylore
By Chase DiBenedetto and Elena Cavender on October 21, 2022
Is she a Mastermind? Credit: Catherine Powell / Stringer
> Life > Digital Culture
Taylor Swift's tenth studio album Midnights just dropped, and we have to talk about the buildup. Swift's known for her conspiratorial fans and album Easter eggs, but with her latest drop she said she wasn't going to be up to her old tricks. Instead, capitalizing on her social media prowess, Swift had her fans glued to TikTok for a series of direct-to-camera posts. Still, fan speculation and conspiracy theories dominated conversation on the app, exposing even the most casual of fans to the Swiftie brain.
The Midnights promotional cycle was a testament to Swift's dedicated fan service. By connecting with her fans in the digital spaces they frequent, she not only stoked the flames of curiosity but also stayed true to her $500 million dollar brand(Opens in a new window). Swift has always been social media savvy, from the early days of her Tumblr lurking to her iconic Instagram reset pre-Reputation, but the Midnights era strategy has been more robust, spreading herself thin across TikTok, Instagram, Spotify… and Amazon Prime.
SEE ALSO: Look what you made them do: People can't stop tweeting about Taylor Swift, Twitter confirms
While fans were divided on whether or not Midnights was really living up to previous cycles, one thing rang true: Swift got every media platform, company, and brand on board. Below, we break down the social media impact of the Midnights era.
A timeline of Taylor Swift events
Hidden lyric Easter egg at NYU
Unbeknownst to the world, and also against Swift's own promise to defy her past as an avid Easter egg dropper, the singer's NYU 2022 commencement speech actually held the first Midnights clue: a hidden lyric from the upcoming album.
Announcement at the MTV VMAs
Swift announced Midnights at the Aug. 28 VMAs in her acceptance speech for Video of the Year for "All Too Well: The Short Film." She wore a silver, bejeweled (eye emoji) dress that was suspiciously similar to a dress she wore in the "Look What You Made Me Do" music video. As any Swiftie knows, the VMAs are holy ground for the pop star, adding weight to her decision to announce the album there.
New social media era
Soon after, Swift posted the first Midnights images(Opens in a new window) to her Instagram, including the full album art, number of tracks, and release date (no hiding it here). The caption to the post read, "Midnights, the stories of 13 sleepless nights scattered throughout my life, will be out October 21. Meet me at midnight." She followed up with several TikToks introducing fans to exclusive vinyl(Opens in a new window) and album art, and weeks later, Swift finally made it back into the social media moment with a "Making of Midnights" video(Opens in a new window) posted on Sept. 16. It stoked fan theories across TikTok and Twitter, and (unsurprisingly) held some album clues as well. What a lovely snowy beach!
Midnights Mayhem time
Swift's promotional cycle really started here and solidified TikTok as her Midnights base. On Sept. 21, Swift dropped the first(Opens in a new window) of 13 midnight-timed videos revealing the entire tracklist, hosted by TikTok. "I know I have a habit of dropping cryptic clues and Easter eggs when giving you information about my music," Swift said in the video, "and I'm not here to deny that, but I am here to defy that." For the next 17 days, Swifties, and even casual listeners, tuned in to the app to see Swift spin a bingo cage, pull out a lucky song, and unveil the Midnight release through her vintage phone (a meta moment). The track titles were also accompanied by track explanations — a rare thing from the usually cryptic pop star.
These videos were also on Instagram, and even on YouTube Shorts, which many artists have pivoted toward to maximize the so-called demand for short-form video content.
Spotify collaborations begin
Swift's next huge social media swing was with streaming giant Spotify (a departure from Apple Music heavy Taylor's Version promo of the last two years). Swift released exclusive videos with even more information about the album, including the "5 things that inspired Midnights(Opens in a new window)" — "self-loathing, fantasizing about revenge, wondering what could have been, falling in love, and falling apart."
In the week leading up to the album, Swift then released an entire calendar(Opens in a new window) of online events. At the same time, Spotify began a lyrical journey around the world, revealing select lyrics from all the Midnights songs in undisclosed locations. This effectively shifted Swift's promo over to the Twitter Swiftie-verse, within which stan accounts and Taylor Nation(Opens in a new window) itself weighed in on lyric and era theories.
And even more collaborations upon collaborations
In the 24 hours before the album release, Swift asked her devoted fans to take to the field for Amazon Prime Video's Thursday Night Football (because… that makes sense), where they got the first glimpse of the album's music videos ahead of its release. She also collaborated with her old haunt Tumblr to release a custom Midnights blog theme(Opens in a new window).
And if she wasn't directly working with the brand ahead of the new music, companies sure were using the Midnights internet moment to boost their social media accounts, from Dominos UK(Opens in a new window) to Auntie Anne's Pretzels(Opens in a new window).
Fans spent many sleepless nights theorizing about Midnights. Here are the speculations filling up your timeline.
Myth: There were Easter eggs being dropped this whole time…
Status: True! (duh)
Even though Swift pledged to defy her old habits this time around, Swifties were not going to let go of an opportunity to hunt for secret messages — and they were right to do so! Turns out Swift had hidden a Midnights reference as far back as her May commencement speech at NYU, and other sharp-eyed fans found vague nods to the album scattered throughout her posts and social media bios.
Myth: Each song represents a different era or previous album.
Status: Busted!
When Swift announced the album she said it was "the stories of 13 sleepless nights throughout my life." Fans speculated that each track on the album would represent a different era or previous album, potentially drawing on her large vault of unreleased tracks written over her long career. But Swift isn't recycling old songs. In an interview with SiriusXM where she answered fan questions Swift said, "Everything on Midnights is new work. Nothing is leftover from a different album. It might have been ideas or concepts or things I've thought of maybe making in the past, but I didn't write anything until I was making this album."
Myth: niceboy ed is Joe Alwyn
Status: Unconfirmed.
A couple weeks after announcing Midnights, Swift uploaded a 15-second montage(Opens in a new window) of the making of the album to TikTok, Instagram, and YouTube set to the song "life you lead" by niceboy ed. Despite Swift's assertion that she's denying her Easter egg past, Swifties immediately jumped on her seemingly random song choice. The track was niceboy ed's first streaming credit and had only been released the day prior, making it suspicious to her fanbase. Swifties theorized that niceboy ed is a childhood friend of Swift's beau Joe Alwyn based on the fact Alwyn is following him on Instagram, while others thought this was a William Bowery situation where Alwyn is actually niceboy ed. Swift has yet to address her mysterious song choice.
Myth: Taylor Swift is actually releasing two albums including the "lost" album, Karma
Status: Unconfirmed, but be serious.
Take a seat, put on your tin hat, and let us fill you in on some Taylore. There is a popular conspiracy theory that there is a "lost" album which fans dubbed Karma. Therefore, when Swift announced that track 11 on Midnights was titled "Karma" all hell broke loose in the fandom.
Prior to Reputation, Swift had released an album every two years setting up her sixth album to be released in 2016. She dyed her hair platinum blonde, signaling a new era, and fans geared up for a release. But all that was thwarted by the Kim Kardashian, Kanye West, and Swift drama that resulted in Swift leaving the public eye until Reputation's release in 2018.
Swift hinted at Karma's existence in "The Man"(Opens in a new window) music video where Swift dressed as a man pees on a wall that has the title of all her albums in graffiti…and the word "karma." Additionally, in a 2016 interview with Vogue(Opens in a new window) Swift said "Karma is real." Do with that what you may, but we'd very much like to be excluded from this narrative.
Myth: The Tumblr renaissance is happening on Midnights
Status: Partially true.
The Internet's deep obsession with the so-called 2014 Tumblr resurgence also crept its way into the Midnights release, as fans theorized Swift might be bringing on fellow Tumblr musical icons. Top picks were a feature from The 1975 or Lana Del Rey, both fellow Jack Antonoff collaborators.
Fans speculated that frontman Matty Healy of The 1975 was featured based on Swift being one of the first listeners of the band's new album Being Funny in a Foreign Language (revealed in a Healy interview with Pitchfork(Opens in a new window)). But Healy immediately shut down the rumors on his burner Twitter account.
The Del Rey speculation began thanks to Swift wearing the same shirt in a photograph with Del Rey and Antonoff as in the making of Midnights video. Sadly, only one legend made it onto the album, confirmed by the reveal of "Snow On The Beach," featuring Lana Del Rey, in the last episode of Midnights Mayhem(Opens in a new window). The sad, witchy girls won.
Myth: The upside down phones in "Midnights Mayhem with Me" signifies the album's singles
During the Midnights Mayhem releases, fans quickly spotted some unusual behavior from the carefully crafted artist, including two videos in which she held the Midnights phone upside down as she unveiled the track titles for "Anti-Hero" and "Vigilante Shit." Swifties immediately correlated this with some kind of hidden meaning, spawning several theories like a potential collaboration or a music video. Surprise, surprise: "Anti-Hero" was confirmed to be the first single and music video release from the album. And the second? "Vigilante Shit" — which is definitely one way to describe all of the sleuthing Swifties have been doing in anticipation of Midnights. But we don't know exactly what the upside down phone means as the Thursday night football teaser suggests there's more to come.
More in Music, Celebrities
Chase DiBenedetto
Social Good Reporter
Chase joined Mashable's Social Good team in 2020, covering online stories about digital activism, climate justice, accessibility, and media representation. Her work also touches on how these conversations manifest in politics, popular culture, and fandom. Sometimes she's very funny.
Elena Cavender
Elena is a tech reporter and the resident Gen Z expert at Mashable. She covers TikTok and digital trends. She recently graduated from UC Berkeley with a BA in American History. Email her at [email protected] or follow her @ecaviar_(Opens in a new window).
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In the most recent death, Navy SEAL Kyle Milliken was killed in Somalia on Friday — the first US casualty there since the early 1990s.
One US Navy SEAL was killed and another two were wounded when they came under small arms fire in Somalia on Friday while conducting patrols with local forces as part of an advise and assist mission.
Senior Chief Special Warfare Operator Kyle Milliken, 38, of Falmouth, Maine, was identified as the casualty by the Department of Defense on Saturday.
Milliken is the first combat casualty in Somalia since the early 1990s, defense officials said. A Somali translator was also injured, the Pentagon said.
The US troops were alongside members of the Somali National Army when they came under fire roughly 40 miles west of Mogadishu, during a Somali-led operation on a compound on Friday morning local time. The local troops were brought in using US helicopters.
When attacked, the troops were in an area where they could not immediately take cover, a defense official told BuzzFeed News. US forces returned fire but it is unclear whether they struck any of their attackers. Regardless, they were able to "suppress" the attack, the Pentagon said.
"U.S. forces are assisting partner forces to counter al-Shabaab in Somalia to degrade the al-Qaeda affiliate's ability to recruit, train and plot external terror attacks throughout the region and in America," US AFRICOM said in a statement.
US forces are in Somalia to train local forces to combat the terror group, al Shabab, an al Qaeda affiliate that carried out the 2013 attack on Westgate Mall in Nairobi, Kenya killing 60 and injuring another 175. More recently, al Shabab has ramped up attacks against local forces since Somalia's president, Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed declared war on the terror group last month. Since then, al Shabab has declared responsibility for several attacks targeting local forces at their bases and convoys.
Al-Shabaab said the raid, which took place in Darusalam village, took place around 1 AM local time. That village is believed to be where Shabaab's deputy leader Abdirahman Mohamed Warsame, known as Mahad Karate, has been in hiding, according to Reuters.
In March, President Donald Trump relaxed rules designed to limit civilian casualties during military operations in Somalia, which some interpreted as a sign of a ramped up military campaign against militants there. In April, the US military announced it was sending roughly 40 counter terrorism troops to the east African nation to support the 50 advise and assist troops already there. The US has been partnering with local forces there since 2013, a defense official said.
Friday's incident appears to be the first US combat death in Somalia since the infamous downing of two Black Hawk helicopters in 1993, that resulted in the death of more than a dozen US soldiers and the eventual withdrawal of American forces fighting there.
The Navy SEAL's death marks the fourth US service member death this week. Two Army Rangers died a week ago in Afghanistan during a raid targeting the emir of the ISIS affiliate there, or ISIS-Khorasan. The US military is investigating whether friendly fire killed those troops. The following day in Iraq, a US service member died from an improvised explosive device while supporting local troops there in their ongoing battle to reclaim the Iraqi city of Mosul from ISIS.


Events organization, congresses, incentive and trips: these are Iantra main activities.
We are an agency in Verona that offers advice and the needed services to organize a successful corporate event, from the conception to the realization.
Our experience in creating events includes road shows, product launches, press conference, gala dinners.
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Iantra is also a travel agency that organizes tailor-made holidays. In particular, we can offer athletic and dynamic trips that combine sport and fun, for athletes, sport enthusiasts and their companions. Would you like to take part in the most relevant international Triathlon competitions, enjoying a meticulous organization, attentive to athletes' demands? Discover our next trips!


text:
//
//  OCTEvent+MVCAttributedString.m
//  MVCHub
//
//  Created by daniel on 2016/10/23.
//  Copyright © 2016年 Daniel. All rights reserved.
//

#import "OCTEvent+MVCAttributedString.h"
#import "TTTTimeIntervalFormatter.h"

@implementation OCTEvent (MVCAttributedString)

- (EventOptions)options {
    EventOptions options = 0;

    if ([self isMemberOfClass:[OCTCommitCommentEvent class]] ||
        [self isMemberOfClass:[OCTIssueCommentEvent class]] ||
        [self isMemberOfClass:[OCTIssueEvent class]] ||
        [self isMemberOfClass:[OCTPullRequestCommentEvent class]] ||
        [self isMemberOfClass:[OCTPullRequestEvent class]] ||
        [self isMemberOfClass:[OCTPushEvent class]]) {
        options |= EventOptionsBoldTitle;
    }

    return options;
}

- (NSMutableAttributedString *)mvc_attributedString {
    NSMutableAttributedString *attributedString = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] init];

    [attributedString appendAttributedString:self.mvc_octiconAttributedString];
    [attributedString appendAttributedString:self.mvc_actorLoginAttributedString];

    if ([self isMemberOfClass:[OCTCommitCommentEvent class]] ||
        [self isMemberOfClass:[OCTIssueCommentEvent class]] ||
        [self isMemberOfClass:[OCTPullRequestCommentEvent class]]) {
        if ([self isMemberOfClass:[OCTCommitCommentEvent class]]) {
            [attributedString appendAttributedString:[self mvc_commitCommentEventAttributedString]];
        } else if ([self isMemberOfClass:[OCTIssueCommentEvent class]]) {
            [attributedString appendAttributedString:[self mvc_issueCommentEventAttributedString]];
        } else if ([self isMemberOfClass:[OCTPullRequestCommentEvent class]]) {
            [attributedString appendAttributedString:[self mvc_pullRequestCommentEventAttributedString]];
        }

        [attributedString appendAttributedString:[@"\n" stringByAppendingString:[self valueForKeyPath:@"comment.body"]].mvc_attributedString.mvc_addNormalTitleAttributes.mvc_addParagraphStyleAttribute];
    } else if ([self isMemberOfClass:[OCTForkEvent class]]) {
        [attributedString appendAttributedString:[self mvc_forkEventAttributedString]];
    } else if ([self isMemberOfClass:[OCTIssueEvent class]]) {
        [attributedString appendAttributedString:[self mvc_issueEventAttributedString]];
    } else if ([self isMemberOfClass:[OCTMemberEvent class]]) {
        [attributedString appendAttributedString:[self mvc_memberEventAttributedString]];
    } else if ([self isMemberOfClass:[OCTPublicEvent class]]) {
        [attributedString appendAttributedString:[self mvc_publicEventAttributedString]];
    } else if ([self isMemberOfClass:[OCTPullRequestEvent class]]) {
        [attributedString appendAttributedString:[self mvc_pullRequestEventAttributedString]];
    } else if ([self isMemberOfClass:[OCTPushEvent class]]) {
        [attributedString appendAttributedString:[self mvc_pushEventAttributedString]];
    } else if ([self isMemberOfClass:[OCTRefEvent class]]) {
        [attributedString appendAttributedString:[self mvc_refEventAttributedString]];
    } else if ([self isMemberOfClass:[OCTWatchEvent class]]) {
        [attributedString appendAttributedString:[self mvc_watchEventAttributedString]];
    }

    [attributedString appendAttributedString:self.mvc_dateAttributedString];

    return attributedString;
}

- (NSMutableAttributedString *)mvc_octiconAttributedString {
    OCTIcon icon = 0;
    if ([self isMemberOfClass:[OCTCommitCommentEvent class]] ||
        [self isMemberOfClass:[OCTIssueCommentEvent class]] ||
        [self isMemberOfClass:[OCTPullRequestCommentEvent class]]) {
        icon = OCTIconCommentDiscussion;
    } else if ([self isMemberOfClass:[OCTForkEvent class]]) {
        icon = OCTIconGitBranch;
    } else if ([self isMemberOfClass:[OCTIssueEvent class]]) {
        OCTIssueEvent *concreteEvent = (OCTIssueEvent *)self;

        if (concreteEvent.action == OCTIssueActionOpened) {
            icon = OCTIconIssueOpened;
        } else if (concreteEvent.action == OCTIssueActionClosed) {
            icon = OCTIconIssueClosed;
        } else if (concreteEvent.action == OCTIssueActionReopened) {
            icon = OCTIconIssueReopened;
        }
    } else if ([self isMemberOfClass:[OCTMemberEvent class]]) {
        icon = OCTIconOrganization;
    } else if ([self isMemberOfClass:[OCTPublicEvent class]]) {
        icon = OCTIconRepo;
    } else if ([self isMemberOfClass:[OCTPullRequestEvent class]]) {
        icon = OCTIconGitPullRequest;
    } else if ([self isMemberOfClass:[OCTPushEvent class]]) {
        icon = OCTIconGitCommit;
    } else if ([self isMemberOfClass:[OCTRefEvent class]]) {
        OCTRefEvent *concreteEvent = (OCTRefEvent *)self;

        if (concreteEvent.refType == OCTRefTypeBranch) {
            icon = OCTIconGitBranch;
        } else if (concreteEvent.refType == OCTRefTypeTag) {
            icon = OCTIconTag;
        } else if (concreteEvent.refType == OCTRefTypeRepository) {
            icon = OCTIconRepo;
        }
    } else if ([self isMemberOfClass:[OCTWatchEvent class]]) {
        icon = OCTIconStar;
    }

    return [[NSString octicon_iconStringForEnum:icon] stringByAppendingString:@"  "].mvc_attributedString.mvc_addOcticonAttributes;
}

- (NSMutableAttributedString *)mvc_actorLoginAttributedString {
    return [self mvc_loginAttributedStringWithString:self.actorLogin];
}

- (NSMutableAttributedString *)mvc_loginAttributedStringWithString:(NSString *)string {
    NSMutableAttributedString *attributedString = string.mvc_attributedString;

    if (self.options & EventOptionsBoldTitle) {
        [attributedString mvc_addBoldTitleFontAttribute];
    } else {
        [attributedString mvc_addNormalTitleFontAttribute];
    }

    [attributedString mvc_addTintedForegroundColorAttribute];
    [attributedString mvc_addUserLinkAttribute];

    return attributedString;
}

- (NSMutableAttributedString *)mvc_commentedCommitAttributedString {
    NSParameterAssert([self isMemberOfClass:[OCTCommitCommentEvent class]]);

    OCTCommitCommentEvent *concreteEvent = (OCTCommitCommentEvent *)self;

    NSString *target = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@@%@", concreteEvent.repositoryName, ShortSHA(concreteEvent.comment.commitSHA)];
    NSMutableAttributedString *attributedString = target.mvc_attributedString;

    NSURL *HTMLURL = [NSURL URLWithString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@?title=Commit", concreteEvent.comment.HTMLURL.absoluteString]];

    [attributedString mvc_addBoldTitleFontAttribute];
    [attributedString mvc_addTintedForegroundColorAttribute];
    [attributedString mvc_addHTMLURLAttribute:HTMLURL];

    return attributedString;
}

- (NSMutableAttributedString *)mvc_forkedRepositoryNameAttributedString {
    NSParameterAssert([self isMemberOfClass:[OCTForkEvent class]]);

    OCTForkEvent *concreteEvent = (OCTForkEvent *)self;

    return [self mvc_repositoryNameAttributedStringWithString:concreteEvent.forkedRepositoryName];
}

- (NSMutableAttributedString *)mvc_repositoryNameAttributedString {
    return [self mvc_repositoryNameAttributedStringWithString:self.repositoryName];
}

- (NSMutableAttributedString *)mvc_repositoryNameAttributedStringWithString:(NSString *)string {
    NSMutableAttributedString *attributedString = string.mvc_attributedString;

    if (self.options & EventOptionsBoldTitle) {
        attributedString = attributedString.mvc_addBoldTitleFontAttribute;
    } else {
        attributedString = attributedString.mvc_addNormalTitleAttributes;
    }

    return [attributedString.mvc_addTintedForegroundColorAttribute mvc_addRepositoryLinkAttributeWithName:attributedString.string referenceName:nil];
}

- (NSMutableAttributedString *)mvc_issueAttributedString {
    NSParameterAssert([self isMemberOfClass:[OCTIssueCommentEvent class]] || [self isMemberOfClass:[OCTIssueEvent class]]);

    OCTIssue *issue = [self valueForKey:@"issue"];

    NSString *issueID = [issue.URL.absoluteString componentsSeparatedByString:@"/"].lastObject;
    NSURL *HTMLURL = [NSURL URLWithString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@?title=Issue-@%@", issue.HTMLURL.absoluteString, issueID]];

    NSMutableAttributedString *attributedString = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@#%@", self.repositoryName, issueID].mvc_attributedString;

    [attributedString mvc_addBoldTitleFontAttribute];
    [attributedString mvc_addTintedForegroundColorAttribute];
    [attributedString mvc_addHTMLURLAttribute:HTMLURL];

    return attributedString;
}

- (NSMutableAttributedString *)mvc_memberLoginAttributedString {
    NSParameterAssert([self isMemberOfClass:[OCTMemberEvent class]]);

    return [self mvc_loginAttributedStringWithString:[self valueForKey:@"memberLogin"]];
}

- (NSMutableAttributedString *)mvc_pullRequestAttributedString {
    NSParameterAssert([self isKindOfClass:[OCTPullRequestCommentEvent class]] || [self isMemberOfClass:[OCTPullRequestEvent class]]);

    NSString *pullRequestID = nil;
    NSURL *HTMLURL = nil;
    if ([self isKindOfClass:[OCTPullRequestCommentEvent class]]) {
        OCTPullRequestCommentEvent *concreteEvent = (OCTPullRequestCommentEvent *)self;

        pullRequestID = [concreteEvent.comment.pullRequestAPIURL.absoluteString componentsSeparatedByString:@"/"].lastObject;

        HTMLURL = [NSURL URLWithString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@?title=Pull-Request-@%@", concreteEvent.comment.HTMLURL.absoluteString, pullRequestID]];
    } else if ([self isMemberOfClass:[OCTPullRequestEvent class]]) {
        OCTPullRequestEvent *concreteEvent = (OCTPullRequestEvent *)self;

        pullRequestID = [concreteEvent.pullRequest.URL.absoluteString componentsSeparatedByString:@"/"].lastObject;

        HTMLURL = [NSURL URLWithString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@?title=Pull-Request-@%@", concreteEvent.pullRequest.HTMLURL.absoluteString, pullRequestID]];
    }

    NSParameterAssert(pullRequestID.length > 0);
    NSParameterAssert(HTMLURL);

    NSMutableAttributedString *attributedString = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@#%@", self.repositoryName, pullRequestID].mvc_attributedString;

    [attributedString mvc_addBoldTitleFontAttribute];
    [attributedString mvc_addTintedForegroundColorAttribute];
    [attributedString mvc_addHTMLURLAttribute:HTMLURL];

    return attributedString;
}

- (NSMutableAttributedString *)mvc_branchNameAttributedString {
    NSParameterAssert([self isMemberOfClass:[OCTPushEvent class]]);

    NSString *branchName = [self valueForKey:@"branchName"];

    NSMutableAttributedString *attributedString = branchName.mvc_attributedString;

    [attributedString mvc_addBoldTitleFontAttribute];
    [attributedString mvc_addTintedForegroundColorAttribute];
    [attributedString mvc_addRepositoryLinkAttributeWithName:self.repositoryName referenceName:ReferenceNameWithBranchName(branchName)];

    return attributedString;
}

- (NSMutableAttributedString *)mvc_pushedCommitAttributedStringWithSHA:(NSString *)SHA {
    NSParameterAssert([self isMemberOfClass:[OCTPushEvent class]]);

    NSMutableAttributedString *attributedString = ShortSHA(SHA).mvc_attributedString;

    NSURL *HTMLURL = [NSURL URLWithString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"https://github.com/%@/commit/%@?title=Commit", self.repositoryName, SHA]];

    [attributedString mvc_addNormalTitleFontAttribute];
    [attributedString mvc_addTintedForegroundColorAttribute];
    [attributedString mvc_addHTMLURLAttribute:HTMLURL];

    return attributedString;
}

- (NSMutableAttributedString *)mvc_pushedCommitsAttributedString {
    NSParameterAssert([self isMemberOfClass:[OCTPushEvent class]]);

    OCTPushEvent *concreteEvent = (OCTPushEvent *)self;

    NSMutableAttributedString *attributedString = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] init];
    for (NSDictionary *dictionary in concreteEvent.commits) {
        /* {
         "sha": "6e4dc62cffe9f2d1b1484819936ee264dde36592",
         "author": {
         "email": "coderyi@foxmail.com",
         "name": "coderyi"
         },
         "message": "增加iOS开发者coderyi的博客\n\n增加iOS开发者coderyi的博客",
         "distinct": true,
         "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/tangqiaoboy/iOSBlogCN/commits/6e4dc62cffe9f2d1b1484819936ee264dde36592"
         } */
        NSMutableAttributedString *commit = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] init];

        [commit appendAttributedString:@"\n".mvc_attributedString];
        [commit appendAttributedString:[self mvc_pushedCommitAttributedStringWithSHA:dictionary[@"sha"]]];
        [commit appendAttributedString:[@" - " stringByAppendingString:dictionary[@"message"]].mvc_attributedString.mvc_addNormalTitleAttributes];

        [attributedString appendAttributedString:commit];
    }

    return attributedString.mvc_addParagraphStyleAttribute;
}

- (NSMutableAttributedString *)mvc_refNameAttributedString {
    NSParameterAssert([self isMemberOfClass:[OCTRefEvent class]]);

    OCTRefEvent *concreteEvent = (OCTRefEvent *)self;

    if (!concreteEvent.refName) return @" ".mvc_attributedString;

    NSMutableAttributedString *attributedString = concreteEvent.refName.mvc_attributedString;

    [attributedString mvc_addNormalTitleFontAttribute];

    if (concreteEvent.eventType == OCTRefEventCreated) {
        [attributedString mvc_addTintedForegroundColorAttribute];

        if (concreteEvent.refType == OCTRefTypeBranch) {
            [attributedString mvc_addRepositoryLinkAttributeWithName:self.repositoryName referenceName:ReferenceNameWithBranchName(concreteEvent.refName)];
        } else if (concreteEvent.refType == OCTRefTypeTag) {
            [attributedString mvc_addRepositoryLinkAttributeWithName:self.repositoryName referenceName:ReferenceNameWithTagName(concreteEvent.refName)];
        }
    } else if (concreteEvent.eventType == OCTRefEventDeleted) {
        [attributedString insertAttributedString:@" ".mvc_attributedString atIndex:0];
        [attributedString appendAttributedString:@"\n".mvc_attributedString];
        [attributedString mvc_addNormalTitleForegroundColorAttribute];
        [attributedString mvc_addBackgroundColorAttribute];
    }

    return attributedString;
}

- (NSMutableAttributedString *)mvc_dateAttributedString {
    TTTTimeIntervalFormatter *timeIntervalFormatter = [[TTTTimeIntervalFormatter alloc] init];

    timeIntervalFormatter.locale = [[NSLocale alloc] initWithLocaleIdentifier:@"en_US"];
    NSString *date = [@"\n" stringByAppendingString:[timeIntervalFormatter stringForTimeIntervalFromDate:[NSDate date] toDate:self.date]];

    NSMutableAttributedString *attributedString = date.mvc_attributedString;

    [attributedString mvc_addTimeFontAttribute];
    [attributedString mvc_addTimeForegroundColorAttribute];
    [attributedString mvc_addParagraphStyleAttribute];

    return attributedString;
}

- (NSMutableAttributedString *)mvc_pullInfoAttributedString {
    NSParameterAssert([self isMemberOfClass:[OCTPullRequestEvent class]]);

    NSMutableAttributedString *attributedString = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] init];

    OCTPullRequestEvent *concreteEvent = (OCTPullRequestEvent *)self;

    NSString *octicon = [NSString stringWithFormat:@" %@ ", [NSString octicon_iconStringForEnum:OCTIconGitCommit]];

    NSString *commits   = concreteEvent.pullRequest.commits > 1 ? @" commits with " : @" commit with ";
    NSString *additions = concreteEvent.pullRequest.additions > 1 ? @" additions and " : @" addition and ";
    NSString *deletions = concreteEvent.pullRequest.deletions > 1 ? @" deletions " : @" deletion ";

    [attributedString appendAttributedString:octicon.mvc_attributedString.mvc_addOcticonAttributes.mvc_addParagraphStyleAttribute];
    [attributedString appendAttributedString:@(concreteEvent.pullRequest.commits).stringValue.mvc_attributedString.mvc_addBoldPullInfoFontAttribute.mvc_addPullInfoForegroundColorAttribute];
    [attributedString appendAttributedString:commits.mvc_attributedString.mvc_addNormalPullInfoFontAttribute.mvc_addPullInfoForegroundColorAttribute];
    [attributedString appendAttributedString:@(concreteEvent.pullRequest.additions).stringValue.mvc_attributedString.mvc_addBoldPullInfoFontAttribute.mvc_addPullInfoForegroundColorAttribute];
    [attributedString appendAttributedString:additions.mvc_attributedString.mvc_addNormalPullInfoFontAttribute.mvc_addPullInfoForegroundColorAttribute];
    [attributedString appendAttributedString:@(concreteEvent.pullRequest.deletions).stringValue.mvc_attributedString.mvc_addBoldPullInfoFontAttribute.mvc_addPullInfoForegroundColorAttribute];
    [attributedString appendAttributedString:deletions.mvc_attributedString.mvc_addNormalPullInfoFontAttribute.mvc_addPullInfoForegroundColorAttribute];
    [attributedString mvc_addBackgroundColorAttribute];

    return attributedString;
}

- (NSMutableAttributedString *)mvc_commitCommentEventAttributedString {
    NSParameterAssert([self isMemberOfClass:[OCTCommitCommentEvent class]]);

    NSMutableAttributedString *attributedString = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] init];

    [attributedString appendAttributedString:@" commented on commit ".mvc_attributedString.mvc_addBoldTitleAttributes];
    [attributedString appendAttributedString:self.mvc_commentedCommitAttributedString];

    return attributedString;
}

- (NSMutableAttributedString *)mvc_forkEventAttributedString {
    NSParameterAssert([self isMemberOfClass:[OCTForkEvent class]]);

    NSMutableAttributedString *attributedString = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] init];

    [attributedString appendAttributedString:@" forked ".mvc_attributedString.mvc_addNormalTitleAttributes];
    [attributedString appendAttributedString:self.mvc_repositoryNameAttributedString];
    [attributedString appendAttributedString:@" to ".mvc_attributedString.mvc_addNormalTitleAttributes];
    [attributedString appendAttributedString:self.mvc_forkedRepositoryNameAttributedString];

    return attributedString;
}

- (NSMutableAttributedString *)mvc_issueCommentEventAttributedString {
    NSParameterAssert([self isMemberOfClass:[OCTIssueCommentEvent class]]);

    NSMutableAttributedString *attributedString = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] init];

    [attributedString appendAttributedString:@" commented on issue ".mvc_attributedString.mvc_addBoldTitleAttributes];
    [attributedString appendAttributedString:self.mvc_issueAttributedString];

    return attributedString;
}

- (NSMutableAttributedString *)mvc_issueEventAttributedString {
    NSParameterAssert([self isMemberOfClass:[OCTIssueEvent class]]);

    NSMutableAttributedString *attributedString = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] init];

    OCTIssueEvent *concreteEvent = (OCTIssueEvent *)self;

    NSString *action = nil;
    if (concreteEvent.action == OCTIssueActionOpened) {
        action = @"opened";
    } else if (concreteEvent.action == OCTIssueActionClosed) {
        action = @"closed";
    } else if (concreteEvent.action == OCTIssueActionReopened) {
        action = @"reopened";
    }

    [attributedString appendAttributedString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@" %@ issue ", action].mvc_attributedString.mvc_addBoldTitleAttributes];
    [attributedString appendAttributedString:self.mvc_issueAttributedString];
    [attributedString appendAttributedString:[@"\n" stringByAppendingString:concreteEvent.issue.title].mvc_attributedString.mvc_addNormalTitleAttributes.mvc_addParagraphStyleAttribute];

    return attributedString;
}

- (NSMutableAttributedString *)mvc_memberEventAttributedString {
    NSParameterAssert([self isMemberOfClass:[OCTMemberEvent class]]);

    NSMutableAttributedString *attributedString = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] init];

    [attributedString appendAttributedString:@" added ".mvc_attributedString.mvc_addNormalTitleAttributes];
    [attributedString appendAttributedString:self.mvc_memberLoginAttributedString];
    [attributedString appendAttributedString:@" to ".mvc_attributedString.mvc_addNormalTitleAttributes];
    [attributedString appendAttributedString:self.mvc_repositoryNameAttributedString];

    return attributedString;
}

- (NSMutableAttributedString *)mvc_publicEventAttributedString {
    NSParameterAssert([self isMemberOfClass:[OCTPublicEvent class]]);

    NSMutableAttributedString *attributedString = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] init];

    [attributedString appendAttributedString:@" open sourced ".mvc_attributedString.mvc_addNormalTitleAttributes];
    [attributedString appendAttributedString:self.mvc_repositoryNameAttributedString];

    return attributedString;
}

- (NSMutableAttributedString *)mvc_pullRequestCommentEventAttributedString {
    NSParameterAssert([self isMemberOfClass:[OCTPullRequestCommentEvent class]]);

    NSMutableAttributedString *attributedString = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] init];

    [attributedString appendAttributedString:@" commented on pull request ".mvc_attributedString.mvc_addBoldTitleAttributes];
    [attributedString appendAttributedString:self.mvc_pullRequestAttributedString];

    return attributedString;
}

- (NSMutableAttributedString *)mvc_pullRequestEventAttributedString {
    NSParameterAssert([self isMemberOfClass:[OCTPullRequestEvent class]]);

    NSMutableAttributedString *attributedString = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] init];

    OCTPullRequestEvent *concreteEvent = (OCTPullRequestEvent *)self;

    NSString *action = nil;
    if (concreteEvent.action == OCTIssueActionOpened) {
        action = @"opened";
    } else if (concreteEvent.action == OCTIssueActionClosed) {
        action = @"closed";
    } else if (concreteEvent.action == OCTIssueActionReopened) {
        action = @"reopened";
    } else if (concreteEvent.action == OCTIssueActionSynchronized) {
        action = @"synchronized";
    }

    [attributedString appendAttributedString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@" %@ pull request ", action].mvc_attributedString.mvc_addBoldTitleAttributes];
    [attributedString appendAttributedString:self.mvc_pullRequestAttributedString];
    [attributedString appendAttributedString:[@"\n" stringByAppendingString:concreteEvent.pullRequest.title].mvc_attributedString.mvc_addNormalTitleAttributes.mvc_addParagraphStyleAttribute];
    [attributedString appendAttributedString:@"\n".mvc_attributedString];
    [attributedString appendAttributedString:self.mvc_pullInfoAttributedString];

    return attributedString;
}

- (NSMutableAttributedString *)mvc_pushEventAttributedString {
    NSParameterAssert([self isMemberOfClass:[OCTPushEvent class]]);

    NSMutableAttributedString *attributedString = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] init];

    [attributedString appendAttributedString:@" pushed to ".mvc_attributedString.mvc_addBoldTitleAttributes];
    [attributedString appendAttributedString:self.mvc_branchNameAttributedString];
    [attributedString appendAttributedString:@" at ".mvc_attributedString.mvc_addBoldTitleAttributes];
    [attributedString appendAttributedString:self.mvc_repositoryNameAttributedString];
    [attributedString appendAttributedString:self.mvc_pushedCommitsAttributedString];

    return attributedString;
}

- (NSMutableAttributedString *)mvc_refEventAttributedString {
    NSParameterAssert([self isMemberOfClass:[OCTRefEvent class]]);

    NSMutableAttributedString *attributedString = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] init];

    OCTRefEvent *concreteEvent = (OCTRefEvent *)self;

    NSString *action = nil;
    if (concreteEvent.eventType == OCTRefEventCreated) {
        action = @"created";
    } else if (concreteEvent.eventType == OCTRefEventDeleted) {
        action = @"deleted";
    }

    NSString *type = nil;
    if (concreteEvent.refType == OCTRefTypeBranch) {
        type = @"branch";
    } else if (concreteEvent.refType == OCTRefTypeTag) {
        type = @"tag";
    } else if (concreteEvent.refType == OCTRefTypeRepository) {
        type = @"repository";
    }

    NSString *at = (concreteEvent.refType == OCTRefTypeBranch || concreteEvent.refType == OCTRefTypeTag ? @" at " : @"");

    [attributedString appendAttributedString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@" %@ %@ ", action, type].mvc_attributedString.mvc_addNormalTitleAttributes];
    [attributedString appendAttributedString:self.mvc_refNameAttributedString];
    [attributedString appendAttributedString:at.mvc_attributedString.mvc_addNormalTitleAttributes];
    [attributedString appendAttributedString:self.mvc_repositoryNameAttributedString];

    return attributedString;
}

- (NSMutableAttributedString *)mvc_watchEventAttributedString {
    NSParameterAssert([self isMemberOfClass:[OCTWatchEvent class]]);

    NSMutableAttributedString *attributedString = [[NSMutableAttributedString alloc] init];

    [attributedString appendAttributedString:@" starred ".mvc_attributedString.mvc_addNormalTitleAttributes];
    [attributedString appendAttributedString:self.mvc_repositoryNameAttributedString];

    return attributedString;
}

#pragma mark - Private

static NSString *ShortSHA(NSString *SHA) {
    NSCParameterAssert(SHA.length > 0);
    return [SHA substringToIndex:7];
}

@end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Set global Environment variable on Mac OS Mojave I've searched for an answer and read about different ways to do that in Mac but some of them are not relevant for Mojave or just didn't work for me.
I need to set Environment variable in terminal (bash), run script that creates processes, and I would like those processes to know the value of those environment variables.
How can I do that?
btw - writing export ENV_NAME=ENV_VAL in .bashrc or in .bash_profile didn't work.

A: Works for me. Have you RTFM? For example, ~/.bashrc is only read by interactive shells, not shell scripts. And ~/.bash_profile is only read by login shells. Again, shell scripts don't usually use the -l flag that would make them login shells. Also, if you put an export VAR=value statement in your ~/.bashrc it won't affect your current interactive shell. You need to start a new shell; e.g., by typing exec bash. Once you do that you should find the env var is defined. And it will be inherited by any process, including a shell script, you launch from that interactive session.
Note that if you run your script via crontab, for example, then you'll need a different means of setting the env var. For example, by using the --init-file flag or the BASH_ENV env var.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Hello guys!. I some time ago bought new laptop and reinstalled operating system, and i have a lot of issues that i wanted to fix, but i have no idea. I was using mac os, but i've set up windows and my opinion is that that there are some issues with brandmauer. I can't use postgresql channel because it's also busy and some ports are not visible to other computers from the internet. Perhaps, it is a problem with cisco, but I'm not sure. What do you think?


text:
Rockwall ISD Board Trustee Amy Hilton announces she will seek re-election for Place 6
By Editor on January 18, 2023 12:58 PM Comments Off on Rockwall ISD Board Trustee Amy Hilton announces she will seek re-election for Place 6
ROCKWALL, TX (Jan. 18, 2023) Rockwall ISD Board Trustee Amy Hilton announced that she will seek re-election for Place 6 in the May 6th election. Mrs. Hilton, who was first elected in 2020, currently serves as board Vice-President.
In 2021, Mrs. Hilton was appointed as a board representative to the District Facilities and Construction Committee that oversees the district's portfolio of building projects including the freshman centers, middle school #4, the new Rochell Elementary, and all other capital and voter-approved bond projects. Additionally, Mrs. Hilton was selected as the board representative to the District Budget and Finance Committee, which oversees the district's annual budget process.
"I look forward to continuing to serve all Rockwall ISD students, parents, and teachers to ensure that the district is delivering excellence in education while meeting the demands of our fast-growing community," said Mrs. Hilton.
Mrs. Hilton has a long history of service to the community and Rockwall ISD, serving as a two-term president of both Rockwall-Heath Early Childhood PTA and Linda Lyon Elementary PTO, as well as on the board of the RISD District Council of PTAs, Rockwall-Heath High School PTA, Cain Middle School PTA, and Amy-Parks Heath Elementary PTO. Over the past 11 years, Mrs. Hilton has personally invested in the lives of many area youths by serving as an elementary robotics coach, Cub Scout leader, pre-K Sunday School teacher, and mentor at Cain and RHHS. Currently, she is a member of Young Men's Service League serving as a philanthropy liaison for Children's Advocacy Center and Rockwall Breakfast Rotary, as well as a member of Rockwall County Republican Women. She also works closely with Rockwall Breakfast Rotary to assist them with their flag subscription program by organizing a group of 21 local high school seniors who are earning service hours by placing American flags at homes and businesses on federal holidays.
Mrs. Hilton is a graduate of Texas A&M University, where she received a BBA in Accounting, and has been a Certified Public Accountant for 23 years. She and her husband, Robert, have four children attending Rockwall ISD elementary, middle, and high schools.
Submitted press release.The publishing of any public announcement or paid political advertisement on this news site or in our print edition does not imply a political endorsement on the part of Blue Ribbon News; we welcome all candidates to submit their announcements, positive news-related events, and paid political advertising.
amy hilton, election, re-election, Rockwall ISD, school board, trustee
Rockwall ISD Board Trustee Amy Hilton announces she will seek re-election for Place 6 added by Editor on January 18, 2023 12:58 PM


This article will explain how you can create a mileage claim on the mobile app if you pay for the fuel using a fuel card.
The mileage log has been designed for users who have a company vehicle. ExpenseIn is able to work out the private mileage which can then be deducted from your expenses or paid back to the employer.
4. You should enter the start odometer reading from your vehicle. Don't enter the end odometer reading yet as you will need to do this at the end of the month.
5. You can attach fuel receipts to your claim by tapping the receipt icon.
6. Tap the red Journey icon.
9. You should enter the From and To journeys.
Click Add to add the journey to your log.
You can remove, duplicate, or add a return for that journey by tapping the journey.
10. You can add more journeys to your log by clicking the red Journey icon. This will open up the Journey screen.
Please note: You only need to create one log for each month. You will add all of your journeys throughout the month to this log.
Once you have added your journeys for that session, you can click Save. The log will then reside in your Draft area where you can continue to add more journeys to it throughout the month.
11. When you are ready to submit your mileage claim you should input your end odometer and click Save.
The system will look at the start and end odometer readings as well as the business journeys to calculate a negative value which will represent your private mileage.


text:
module MIPs.Disassemble
  (disassemble
  ,showDisassembled
  )
  where

import           MIPs.Types

import           Data.Char (toLower)

disassemble :: [MInstruction] -> String
disassemble = unlines . map showDisassembled

-- TODO: Implement instructions that involve shamt
showDisassembled :: MInstruction -> String
showDisassembled (R d s t shamt f) =
  fName ++ " " ++ commaSeparate (map showRegister [d, s, t])
  where
    fName    = map toLower (show f)
    hasShamt = False -- For now

commaSeparate :: [String] -> String
commaSeparate []     = ""
commaSeparate [x]    = x
commaSeparate (x:xs) = x ++ ", " ++ commaSeparate xs

showRegister :: Address -> String
showRegister r = "$r" ++ show r


text:
Heather Russell Joins TransUnion as Chief Legal Officer
Accomplished legal executive with global financial services and regulatory expertise
May 01, 2018 16:05 ET | Source: TransUnion
CHICAGO, May 01, 2018 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- TransUnion (NYSE:TRU) has hired Heather Russell as Executive Vice President and Chief Legal Officer, effective June 4.
Russell is an accomplished legal executive with more than 20 years of diverse experience across the global financial services sector including expertise in consumer financial services, data privacy and security, regulatory compliance, mergers and acquisitions, and FinTech. She will be responsible for all legal, government relations, corporate governance and compliance, and consumer privacy functions of TransUnion and its subsidiaries, reporting to TransUnion President and Chief Executive Officer Jim Peck and serving on TransUnion's Executive Committee.
"Heather brings terrific expertise and skills that are highly relevant to TransUnion," said Peck. "I'm confident Heather will be a strong addition to TransUnion's leadership team as we continue to execute on our growth strategy and provide innovative information solutions to benefit consumers, customers and global economies."
"TransUnion is on the forefront of information solutions, providing an important service that helps businesses make more informed decisions and consumers gain access to products and services," said Russell. "I'm excited to bring my financial services experience to TransUnion and look forward to working with the team."
Russell joins TransUnion from the law firm of Buckley Sandler, LLP, where she was a leader in the firm's financial institutions regulation, supervision and fintech practices. Prior to joining Buckley Sandler, Russell was Executive Vice President, Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Secretary at Fifth Third Bank; Managing Director and Head of Public Policy and Regulatory Affairs at Bank of New York Mellon; and Senior Vice President and Associate General Counsel at Bank of America. Russell also spent eight years at Skadden, Arps in Washington, DC and London focused on financial services, corporate finance and mergers and acquisitions. Russell holds a JD with honors from American University's Washington College of Law and a BA from the College of William & Mary.
Russell will replace John Blenke, who announced his plan to retire later this year.
About TransUnion (NYSE:TRU)
Information is a powerful thing. At TransUnion, we realize that. We are dedicated to finding innovative ways information can be used to help individuals make better and smarter decisions. We help uncover unique stories, trends and insights behind each data point, using historical information as well as alternative data sources. This allows a variety of markets and businesses to better manage risk and consumers to better manage their credit, personal information and identity. Today, TransUnion has a global presence in more than 30 countries and a leading presence in several international markets across North America, Africa, Latin America and Asia. Through the power of information, TransUnion is working to build stronger economies and families and safer communities worldwide.
We call this Information for Good. http://www.transunion.com/business
Contact Dave Blumberg
E-mail dblumbe@transunion.com
More articles issued by TransUnion
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TransUnion Newsroom


Nestled in the sheltered waters of Henslung Cove.
The docks and boats are just steps from the lodge.
Spacious lounges offer plenty of room to relax after a day on the water.
Our history is hanging on the lodge walls.
Some of our best fishing is within sight of the lodge docks.
Langara Fishing Lodge is located in a scenic and well-protected cove along the southern shoreline of Langara Island. Our island lies almost 900 km (550 miles) north of Vancouver, and just 30 nautical miles south of Alaska — on a clear day you can see the southern islands of the panhandle.
Guests arrive here via a charter 737 flight from Vancouver to Haida Gwaii, followed by a scenic helicopter ride to the lodge — total flight time for both legs of the journey is under 2.5 hours.
Oceanfront property, overlooking the world's best salmon waters.
Langara Fishing Lodge is the perfect venue for anglers who want to make the most of their fishing vacation.
With the docks and boats just a few steps from your room, and the fishing grounds just a few minutes from the docks, you can go from bed to boat to battling salmon in no time.
And with our extended hours for fishing, Langara Fishing Lodge guests are always first on and last off the water.
Langara Fishing Lodge accommodates up to 65 guests in very comfortable double-occupancy rooms, all with ensuite bathrooms. Depending on availability, we can provide limited single-occupancy rooms, with a shared bathroom.
Guests can relax or swap fish tales in several spacious lounges, including a main lounge with full bar service. Sooth tired muscles in one of our hot-tubs or steam room. And if you just want to stretch your legs, Henslung Cove's scenic shoreline is accessible from our docks.
A taste of what you'll be tasting.
For over 30 years we've set the standard for remote lodge dining, with catering that caters to serious anglers in a fine-restaurant setting. Learn more about our dining experience, and peruse a few sample menus.


It's no accident you just typed in a search term related to search engine optimization or SEM and and found us here in the Cross Timbers search results – we used specific strategies and technical maneuvers to increase our visibility here in search engines.
Over 80% of consumers use search engines to find local businesses, and 90% of searchers never go past Page 1 of Google. Also, 94% of people will click on Organic Results rather than paid advertisements, and trust organic results more than ads which increases avg conversion rate. Without good SEO you are losing over 90% of all Cross Timbers prospects searching online for the exact products and/or services your business provides.
SEO, or Search Engine Optimization, is basically the process which gets your business to show up as the #1 result on Google (or other search engines) when someone searches for the products or services your business provides in Cross Timbers. Our SEO agency knows the proper steps to get your website in the top Google results no matter the location or size of your business.
The meaning of SEO is Search Engine Optimization Google, Yahoo and Bing, as well as all other search engines display search results they consider to be relevant for the queries of their users. The procedure is free, and in that accord, site owners are tasked with aligning their stuff to increase their websites recognition. The result of proper SEO is an increase in the quantity and the quality of organic search traffic.
Look at SEO as a large banner that you view every day as you head into town in Cross Timbers. If the banner promotes a discount in an apparels store, there is a high possibility that people looking out for new clothes will check that store out and eventually boost the business once the customers increase in number. The exact advertisement policy works with SEO. As users search for the internet for various queries, the more they see it in the search engines, the more than likely they are going to visit the page.
Search engines use crawlers to collect information from the internet and an index to rank the various web pages in their database. Optimization entails changing titles, meta descriptions. There are countless people using the internet on a daily basis and thousands of business are taking advantage of this and optimizing their websites. These are a few advantages of investing in SEO all enterprisers should take into account when preparing their digital marketing budgets.
One of the first steps as a business owner is seeing that SEO is an investment and not an added cost. Investments generate profits, while costs reduce them. Many people believe SEO to be just another hoax, on the grounds that that creating a website is so easy nowadays. However, there are many businesses who would not be surviving if it was not for the traffic that SEO has brought them.
For instance, someone looking for a good restaurant to dine at in Cross Timbers will choose a place that pops up on the first page of results, not the second or the third. Always remember that businesses can't be successful in the absence of investments.
SEO can upgrade your website to match the expectations and the conversational tone of your potential customers. As consumers communicate within your site, the website becomes more popular and trustworthy among the clients. Keep in mind that telling lies may affect your online reputation. Negative reviews are something you don't need, as they can harm your business quite badly.
SEO can help a website grow in time. The consequence is that it will keep on generating traffic. While search engine marketing campaigns can show your business on top of the first page, your listing will disappear as soon as you'll stop paying. On the contrary, organic search results continue to exist, being, therefore, a solid long-term investment.
Mobile phones have become the device of choice of millions of internet searchers. It's not hard to understand why, taking into consideration smartphones are convenient and easy to carry. Mobile search users tend to rely more on organic results than on advertisements. This is merely because of the fact that organic searches are totally tailored towards mobile user. Business owners who grasp the significance of mobile internet search should focus on SEO.
The use of cell phones can be connected to social media pages. It is not surprising to see full conversations about businesses on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. When these people need to get something, they generally search for it on the internet, and it is critical that they get your site ready and simple to reach out to. If your information is reliable and useful, you can be certain these people will recommend your services to their peers.
It is easy to bypass the significance of SEO marketing when driving a small startup. However, these small firms have a lot to benefit from SEO since most of the searches look for answers that are near their location. For instance, visitors in a city searching for a nice restaurant to dine in will use their mobile device to find the most popular restaurants in their neighborhood that serve their favorite dishes. Top ranking business are the most likely to benefit from such users. Consider the fact that people often review businesses after they have found them online is just an added benefit.
Three's a lot to gain for small businesses in Cross Timbers, as this is an easy way to obtain recommendations and favorable ratings from their local customers. If you still believe hiring an SEO agency is nothing but an extra cost, remember that people constantly move, either for changing their residence or for visiting purposes.
In the past, it was hard for a small business in Cross Timbers to compete with the big guys. SEO is the number one way to compete with a much smaller budget. An established brand may overlook the importance of SEO, thus creating opportunities for small businesses to take advantage of. In the long run, trust is built, and prospects become seasoned clients.


Nisan does currently not provide a calendar or bookings list. Please inquire for more information.
Send us an inquiry to get specific pricing for Nisan.
We currently don't have any reviews for Nisan.
We currently don't have a sample menu for Nisan. Please inquire for more information.


Nothing is more important to a company than their team. Without your team, you don't have a business. The challenge, of course, is finding the right people in a highly competitive recruiting environment. Heck, it's hard enough finding the "right" people when the economy's not doing well. In this article on dispensary hiring, we're going to focus on the interview process.
Here's the truth about interviews: Most employers believe the interview process is a reliable and objective process.
Whether we like it or not, most of us use the interview process to see if we like the interviewee. Whether we end up liking the candidate or not, no matter the candidate's performance, we'll use the interview to justify our biases.
The reality is that most interviewers are no more successful in picking the right candidates than if they were to flip a coin. Further, hundreds of studies have exposed the limitations of the interview process. Time and again, we're fooled into hiring a candidate who is charming, articulate, good looking, and even manipulative and tall.
Below you'll read what your interview process should look like, along with what you should be looking to gain from each phase of the process. (For a handy interview checklist, read this article.
Before bringing someone in, schedule a telephone interview. This can save everyone time later down the line.
A telephone interview will allow you to get a feel for their personality while clarifying any questions you may have about their resume. You should also share more about your dispensary at this time, like what the culture is like, what the compensation range is, what the role will look like, and what their responsibilities will be. This interview is usually on the lower end of the range, between 15 and 30 minutes. Keep to the lower end of the range if possible, as you'll set the tone that you run an efficient shop.
The in-person interview is the next step in the process. Most companies — including cannabis dispensaries — use a behavioral, competency-based or situational approach to interviewing. During this phase — if you haven't already done this — you can ask about frequent job gaps or extended lapses in employment.
If they're young and decided to take a year off to travel Europe, good for them! The time off was well spent, and they'll have memories to last a lifetime. But if they took the time to just hang out with friends and smoke ganja all day, that's not a good sign. They may love cannabis, but working for a dispensary may be the worst choice they could make. Moreover, they're probably not ready yet for a full-time commitment.
What you really want to gain from the in-person interview is a read on how knowledgeable they are about cannabis, whether they're the type of person who embraces learning, and how passionate they are about cannabis.
For this phase of the process, you can interview the candidate with other stakeholders in the company concurrently. Or you can have your team meet at varying times, which will allow you to compare notes as things are going along. In the cannabis world, most dispensaries seem to prefer meeting separately with the candidate or with one or two peers. A benefit of this phase is that you can also include newer team members to join the process and play a role in shaping the company's culture. Ultimately, though, there should be one leader while others play a support role.
Before you conduct an interview, make sure you're personally prepared. Likewise, make sure you're crystal clear on what your process is and what your criteria will be to assess the candidate in a manner that is as objective and consistent as possible.
genuinely share your dispensary's values?
If they are, and you've qualified it, you're going to make better hiring decisions than most people in the industry. And, you'll probably make the right decision a higher percentage of time than doing a coin toss.
Your budtenders make a huge impression on your customers—and can have a vital impact on your online reputation. Understand where your dispensary ranks—download your free digital audit below.


text:
A view from the avenue as reality kicks in
September 11, 2018 by Colin Randall
John McCormick writes: Regular visitors will be used to Paul Summerside's thoughts popping up on the site. He's here often enough to have his own tag – A view from the Avenue – and he always has something interesting to say. Today is no exception as he takes the opportunity to look back over the summer and the season to date.
This being a short piece, Paul posted it on our facebook page first but it's good enough to go up here and it's important enough to be read twice. So thanks, Paul, for letting us move it across.
A View from the Avenue…Reality kicks in!
As I begin this post, a glance at the league 1 table sees us lying 4 with 15 points and unbeaten. Most would say a decent start to the season, but some fans are already queing up to stick the boot in.
Widespread criticism of our inability to start games well, set piece vulnerability, even team selection in some quarters.
As a self confessed critic, I find this criticism very harsh indeed, and totally unnecessary at this stage in the season. I liken it to witnessing your child's arrival into the world, with all the joy and emotion that brings, and then being disappointed when he/she isn't walking within a year!
Four months ago we were within an inch of going out of existence, with massive debts, and no hope.
All that has gone…. …A new hope.
The reality is that we are a League 1 club, with League 1 owners, on a League 1 budget, with a League 1 manager, and a League 1 squad.
We have a big house, with lots of rooms, but very little furniture.
We have massive potential, and like every newborn, we are still finding our way in the unforgiving world of football. Just because we have 30000 home gates and sell out away, we have no God given 'Divine Right' to success. A play off place, promotion place or the title will have to be earned, and hard earned at that.
At a recent talk in with Kevin Phillips he reminded me..
"If you thought the championship was a tough league, wait till you see League 1, it's brutal. But Sunderland do have a great chance because of THAT .."
and he pointed towards the SOL.
I guess what he was implying was that it may come down to the support of the fans, and I agree with him.
So come on lads and lasses, the Fleetwood game was a draw with another decent well organised unbeaten League 1 side, not Armageddon!
Try to keep focused and see the big picture, and above all else, as Super Kev says, support the club.
Acknowledgement: SOL image source: https://pixabay.com/en/stadium-light-sunderland-186838. Kevin Phillips pic courtesy of A Love Supreme
Categories Content Tags EFL League One, Kevin Phillips
Branch Lines: sharing the 'ecstasy and misery' of Sunderland fans down south
Burton Albion vs Sunderland Guess the Score: Scrooge hopes for repeat of last season's win
2 thoughts on "A view from the avenue as reality kicks in"
Well said Paul.
As you say, we are a League 1 side with a League 1 budget but unfortunately still some Premier League expenses. Another £6 and a half million gone on fees owed for Djilibodji and Ndong who despite not being paid must still have their massive salaries included in the budgeting until the whole messy legal situation is sorted out.
Cattermole, McGeady (who is nearly back to full fitness and word on the street happy to see out his contract) and Oviedo are all players that will contribute to the squad but detract from the budget and impact on financial fair play restrictions.
We have a squad most of whom didn't know each other at the start of the season and then half of them unable to play for the first month of the season.
And we are still unbeaten. My dad used to say empty vessels make the most noise and some people are quick to see the negative side of things.
Yes we could easily have had another 6 points in the bag but equally we got three from games where we might have got diddly squat and two from the Charlton game we wouldn't have had if the ref had blown two minutes earlier.
I still think we'll go up this year but it will be no walk in the park and if we don't then there'll be no shame in that if the lads play they way they have been. There are some street wise teams in this division who are no push overs.
Bill Taylor
"We have a big house, with lots of rooms, but very little furniture…." Perfect!