Jay K. Harness, M.D., Lit Fung, M. D., Norman W. Thompson, M.D., Richard E. Burney, M.D., and Michael K. McLeod, M.D.
Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A.
During the 27-year period from 1957 to 1984, four hundred thirty patients underwent total thyroidectomies for malignant or benign disease of the thyroid gland at our institutions. Thyroid cancer was found in 83.4% of cases, and 47.2% of these had concomitant lymph node dissections. Transient recurrent laryngeal nerve injury occurred in 6.2% of the entire series. Permanent unilateral vocal cord paralysis occurred in 2.5% of the patients operated on, although only 1 patient (0.45 %) sustained this complication in the past 14 years. No patient had permanent bilateral vocal cord paralysis. Transient hypoparathyroidism was seen in 16.8% of patients with permanent hypoparathyroidism occurring in 4.0%. The incidence of permanent hypoparathyroidism fell to 2.7% during the past 14 years and was directly related to the extent of thyroid cancer found at operation. Postoperative complications decrease with the experience of the surgeon and increase with reoperations and extensive disease. Total thyroidectomy continues to be our treatment of choice for thyroid cancer.
slight increase in risk as compared with near-total thyroidectomy. The risks are accepted as a fair trade-off for decreased long-term mortality. The technique of thyroidectomy has been in evolution for many years. Classic articles by Kocher, Halsted, Lahey, Crile, and Riddell have provided surgeons with principles that have significantly reduced operative morbidity and mortality from thyroidectomy [1-5]. The major complications directly attributed to total thyroidectomy are permanent hypoparathyroidism and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, particularly if such injury involves the nerve contralateral to a primary tumor. The reported incidence of permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve injury has varied from 0% to 14% and, for permanent postoperative hypoparathyroidism, from 1.2% to 11% [6-15]. The occurrence of hypoparathyroidism and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury after total thyroidectomy has been attributed to operative technique, extent of the thyroid neoplasm, previous thyroid operations, concomitant lymphatic dissections, and other factors such as anatomic variability and vulnerability of the recurrent laryngeal nerves. This study was undertaken to update our previous report on the complications of total thyroidectomy and to determine what factors continue to impact the overall operative morbidity .
Reprint requests: Jay K. Harness, M.D., Department of Surgery, 2920F Taubman Health Care Center Box 0331, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, U.S.A.
Only clinically symptomatic patients were treated for their hypocalcemia. October 1986 Table 1. Seventy-six symptomatic patients were treated with calcium and/or vitamin D until their symptoms abated and their serum calcium returned to normal levels. The patient had complete recovery of vocal cord function on the involved side within 6 months. these were not considered accidental injuries. while our most recent experience includes both patients with cancer and the 67 patients with benign conditions. Vol. operated on since 1970. they were considered transient. One patient with a diffusely enlarged goiter had a right vocal cord paralysis preoperatively caused by traction on t h e nerve by the goiter. In all patients. associated suspicious nodules. recurrent laryngeal nerves. A comparison is made between our previously reported experience from 1957 through 1969 and our most recent experience from 1970 to mid-1984. All patients with differentiated thyroid carcinomas underwent postoperative J31I scanning for documentation of the presence of residual thyroid tissue and/or metastases. extent of t h e disease. and mortality. however. Records of all operations were carefully reviewed for details of surgical technique and the extent of tumor involvement. If these nerves failed to function postoperatively. and external branches of the superior laryngeal nerves. All of the cases in our earlier experience had thyroid cancer. Surg.45% since 1970. Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury was documented by either direct or indirect laryngoscopy. required temporary tracheotomies for bilateral transient vocal cord paralysis. Four patients. Transient nerve injury. in 68 (16.2%) of the entire series. In the last 14 years of the study. Total thyroidectomies were performed in the benign conditions listed for a variety of reasons including previous history of head and neck irradiation. Table 1 outlines the histological classifications of the resected specimens for the entire series. however. During the 27-year period. One additional patient. 5. if recovery occurred before that time.8%) in our last 220 cases. Recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries were considered accidental complications of technique unless vocal cord paralysis was observed preoperatively or the operating surgeon specifically indicated that nerve excision was necessary to assure removal of the neoplasm.5%. Westland.2%) of the 337 patients with thyroid cancer. persistent hypoparathyroidism was considered to be a direct result of the technique unless the patient had preoperative hypocalcemia.4%) and other benign conditions in 67 patients (16. occurred in 25 patients (6. The incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerves invaded by tumor or deliberately sacrificed at operation remained remarkably constant for the entire period of the series at 6. Michigan). These factors were correlated with operative complications. Transient hypoparathyroidism occurred from 1 day postoperatively and lasted up to 1 year.9%.6%). however. Thyroid cancer was found in 337 patients (83. and children with Graves' disease. other perioperative complications. Total thyroidectomy is defined as the surgeon's attempt to perform an extracapsular removal of the entire thyroid gland including pyramidal lobe while preserving the parathyroid glands. degree of postoperative hypoparathyroidism. and well-differentiated carcinoma was " s h a v e d " off the nerves to avoid their sacrifice. Patients were considered to be permanently hypoparathyroid if they required treatment longer than 1 year. No. Histologic classification of excised thyroid glands (1957-1984). despite extensive disease. Graves' eye disease. it was only 0.3%) or as a completion thyroidectomy in 140 patients (34. No patients suffered permanent bilateral nerve injury. Recurrent laryngeal nerve injuries are shown in Table 2. degree of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury.8%) of 404 patients (Table 3). all 404 patients underwent total thyroidectomies either as an initial operation in 264 patients (65.782 World J. The records of 404 patients were available for retrospective review and analysis of technique of the operation performed. Patients Results Papillary carcinoma~ Follicular carcinoma Medullary carcinoma Hurthle cell carcinoma Anaplastic carcinoma Multinodular goiter Hashimoto's thyroiditis Graves' disease Total 226 65 21 16 9 27 10 30 404 a Includes follicular varient of papillary carcinoma. but in only 4 patients (1. . more functioning nerves were left in situ. Nerve function recovered after thyroidectomy. sustained accidental division of 1 branch of a recurrent laryngeal nerve which was immediately recognized and repaired primarily at the original operation. Concomitant lymph node excisions ranging from local removal of 1 or more central compartment nodes to bilateral neck dissections were performed in 159 (47. pathologic findings of excised tissue. The incidence of permanent nerve injury for the entire series was 2. lasting from a few days to 11 months. Postoperative hypoparathyroidism and vocal cord paralysis lasting 1 year or longer were considered permanent.7%). 10.
Graves' disease (especially in Graves' eye disease). 1957-1969 (184 patients) Transient injury Permanent injury Nerves invaded by tumor or sacrificed 21 (11. Postoperative hypoparathyroidism.7%) 68 (16.: Total Thyroidectomy 783 Table 2.9%) Table 3. and nodules associated with head and neck irradiation.5%) even though antibiotics were not used. .4%) 44 (20. toxic nodular goiters. Furthermore. 10-13.000 consecutive thyroid operations. None of the patients undergoing total thryoidectomy for benign disease suffered permanent hypoparathyroidism. Another patient developed a Staphylococcus aureus infection between the superficial layer of the deep cervical fascia and the platysma muscle which was treated by opening and draining the center of the wound. Only 1 patient sustained permanent postoperative hypoparathyroidism following total thyroidectomy for a localized cancer involving a single lobe.0%) Temporary hypoparathyroidism was treated for a mean duration of 25. This complication has occurred in only 1 of the 220 patients treated in the past 14 years (0. A total of 3 patients (0.0%.9%) 13 (7. reported a 0% nerve injury rate in 1. Drains were rarely used in this series and then only after nodal dissections in the lateral neck rather than the central compartment.7% for the last 220 patients. The overall incidence of permanent hypoparathyroidism for the entire series was 4. chronic thyroiditis. with reoperative surgery.8%) 16 (4. Of these. this fell to 2.4%) 9 (4. Discussion The anatomy and vulnerability of the recurrent laryngeal nerves during thyroidectomy have been widely studied [16-18]. Any deaths from cancer of the thyroid occurred after the first 30 days postoperatively. Injury to the recurrent nerve on the side opposite a localized primary thyroid neoplasm is particularly unfortunate. there have been no series of cases with sufficient long-term follow-up to document statistically improved survival with total thyroidectomy in treating differentiated thyroid carcinoma.45%). Total thyroidectomy is perceived as a more hazardous operation primarily because of the additional risk to the contralateral recurrent laryngeal nerve and the potential risk of permanent postoperative hypoparathyroidism. a cellulitis developed which was treated without drainage (antibiotics only). Starnes reports an incidence of postoperative complications that was 20 times higher with total thyroidectomy than with partial thyroidectomy. 15].4%). These patients had both local invasion and extensive nodal spread of their tumors. Tracheotomies were done as an emergency procedure postoperatively in a total of 9 patients (2. Harness et al. 457 were total thyroidectomies. Recent reports by Martensson and Ternins from Sweden and Starnes et al. but only 93 were performed for malignancy . reported a 0% permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve injury rate in 213 patients undergoing total thyroidectomies using the same techniques as utilized in this series . Infections were rare (0.8%) 1 (0.74%) were returned to the operating room over the past 27 years for postoperative hemorrhage. however. Martensson reports a 14% incidence of permanent nerve injury after operations for thyroid cancer or reoperations for benign disease. Jacobs et al. Only 3 of these were done in the last 220 patients (1. Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury.0%) Permanent 10 (5. In this later subgroup. The numbers of patients undergoing total thyroidectomies in both these series were small and their collective experience with total thyroidectomy was limited.8%) Total series (404 patients) 25 (6.45%) 15 (6. Karlan et al. In 1 patient.1%) 1970-1984 (220 patients) 4 (1.2%). The complications of thyroidectomy for carcinoma increase with the extent of disease found at operation.5%) 28 (6. and with less experienced surgeons [6.J. Total thyroidectomy has also been advocated for the treatment of certain benign conditions including extensive colloid nodular goiter. from Boston have been most disturbing [14. The debate over the use of total thyroidectomy routinely for the treatment of all differentiated thyroid carcinoma continues.0%) 6 (2. The operative mortality rate for the entire series was zero.K.2%) 10 (2. With applied anatomic knowledge and improved techniques has come a reduction in the morbidity of total thyroidectomy.5 -+ 20 weeks. 1957-1969 1970-1984 Total series (184 patients) (220 patients) (404 patients) Transient 24 (13. 5 of the 6 patients were found at operation to have extensive bilateral involvement by thyroid cancer. 15]. Scanlon and colleagues had 1 permanent nerve injury in 245 total thyroidectomies .
We do not routinely identify the recurrent nerve early in the operative procedure as advocated by others [3. Such a case was discovered in a dissecting room cadaver but has never been reported in the clinical literature . 14]. 5. Vascularly compromised glands should be reimplanted. 12]. Also.9% to 0. Nonrecurrent laryngeal nerves occur primarily on the right because of an anomalous right subclavian artery arising directly from the aorta which occurs with a frequency of 0. it should be possible for an anomalous recurrent nerve to occur on the left side. As a dissection proceeds to the area of the ligament of Berry. They decrease with experience and meticulous attention to careful technique.7%). Routine identification of the nerve both initially and in the area of the ligament of Berry should be practiced by less experienced surgeons. especially over the past 14 years. Anterior and posterior branches of the superior thyroid vessels are individually ligated and divided as they course over the superior pole. it may be immediately reimplanted in an adjacent sternocleidomastoid muscle. Of the 10 cases of permanent nerve injury for our entire series. 4 occurred on the side opposite a primary neoplasm. No. and this was on the side opposite a primary tumor. Despite the most careful operative technique. when the course of the recurrent nerve is difficult to follow because of extensive thyroid carcinoma in the central compartment. Vol. In our last 220~i~atients. 4].45% is equally rewarding. Because of bilateral involvement and extensive local disease. the reported incidence of permanent postoperative hypoparathyroidism following total thyroidectomy has varied from 1. Since 1970. Prevention of ischemia to the parathyroid glands is of paramount importance in avoiding this complication. Theoretically. We take all branches of the inferior thyroid artery on the capsule of the thyroid gland medial to that artery's branches to the parathyroid glands in order to avoid compromised blood flow to the parathyroids. in 1973 . Sanders and colleagues reported the first 2 cases of right-sided nonrecurrent laryngeal nerves in addition to standard recurrent nerves . The risk of hypoparathyroidism increases with reoperation and extensive thyroid carcinoma .8% since 1970 is most gratifying. This technique prevents injury to the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerves as they may course through the bifurcation of the superior thyroid vessels. all but 1 of whom had very extensive carcinoma. the nerve should be identified and traced from the thoracic inlet toward the larynx in order to prevent injury. Only 1 patient sustained a permanent nerve injury in the last 14 years. Postoperative complications are currently related primarily to secondary operations and extent of disease. permanent hypoparathyroidism occurred in 6 patients (2.0% reported in the literature . Surg. our decreased incidence of permanent accidental nerve injury from 4. The parathyroid glands are themselves always carefully dissected away from the thyroid gland capsule starting at a point medial to their blood ~ p p l y and gently teasing them laterally and posterior to the thyroid capsule. and Riddell have detailed the vulnerability of the recurrent nerve at the time of operation [16-18]. Nearly all of our cases of permanent hypoparathyroidism occurred in patients with extensive bilateral thyroid carcinomas that involved the central compartment and jugular lymph nodes and were associated with local invasion. a small percentage of patients will suffer permanent hypoparathyroidism as a result of legitimate efforts to eradicate extensive disease and achieve cure. Every effort should be made in such cases to identify the parathyroid glands and to preserve their blood supply. Wade. 10. Lore. however. in 1973 .784 World J. We particularly agree with Lore that the nerve is at greater risk of injury in the region of the posterior suspensory ligament of the thyroid (ligament of Barry) where the nerve often penetrates the ligament. Recently. October 1986 Our own experience with recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. The marked decrease in transient nerve injuries from 11.4% in the first half of our series to 1.3-1. nothing short of total thyroidectomy would have been acceptable therapy in these cases. Similarly. has been consistent with other large series covering similar time periods [7. we typically identify the recurrent nerve as it courses close to or through the ligament. 10. if the left subclavian were to arise from a right-sided dorsal aorta. . Total thyroidectomy remains the treatment of choice for thyroid cancer in our experience because of its excellent control of local spread of disease and because it facilitates the postoperative use of 1311 therapy in those patients with extensive diffErentiated thyroid carcinomas. Its utility in the management of a variety of benign conditions of the thyroid gland is also noted.2% to 11% [6-10. We believe that these improvements represent the full use by all of our colleagues at the University of Michigan of the techniques advocated by Thompson et al. This relationship was also detailed by Thompson et al. If a parathyroid gland is inadvertently devascularized. 12. Injury to the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerves should be avoided by careful downward mobilization of the superior pole of the thyroid gland. The importance of experience in thyroid surgery is again emphasized.
M. 1985 16. Larson. Surg. 1874 2.Z.: Non-recurrent laryngeal nerve.K.H. W. 4:417.H. quatre cent trente patients ont subi une thyroidectomie totale dans notre etablissement pour des lesions benignes ou malignes du corps thyroidien. v. E.45%) present6 esta complicacidn en los filtimos 14 afios. S.4% de los casos.W.F. Starnes.. Clark. y 47. Surg.J. Ternins.. J. Jacobs. Riddell.5% des patients operes.2% de la serie total. Surg. Sanders. N. 45:21. 57:1. Cfincer tiroideo fue hallado en 83. J. 2. D. 1938 4.. Surgery 73:913.: The operative story of goiter. 1977 12. On o b s e r v e une atteinte transitoire du neff recurrent larynge dans 6.J.M. Surg. Harness et al. cuatro cientos treinta pacientes fueron sometidos a tiroidectomfa total por enfermedad maligna o benigna de la gl~indula tiroides en nuestras instituciones.8% des patients avec hypoparathyroi'die definitive dans 4. Ann. Pinkus.2% des cas sur la totalite de la serie. Chirug. Uyeda. Thompson. T.0% des cas. J. R. 1955 17. alors que durant les 14 dernidres annees un seul patient presente cette complication.. S. necessitant chez 47. 1982 10. Dtsch..2% d ' e n t r e eux un curage ganglionnaire associe. Catz. J.: Total thyroidectomy: A review of 213 patients. Brooks.C. Br. R. J. Lord.F.M. Surg.: Zur Pathologie und Therapie des Kropfes. 116:568.: Postoperative complications of thyroidectomy: A comparison of 2 series at an interval of 10 years. 1984 8. Martensson. G.Y.0%.: Total thyroidectomy: The treatment of choice for patients with differentiated thyroid cancer..: Vulnerability of the recurrent laryngeal nerves at thyroidectomy. Aust. Lesidn transitoria del nervio recurrente larfngeo ocurri6 en el 6.: Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy in thyroid gland surgery related to operations and nerves at risk. Karlan.. 49:538. Hipoparatiroidismo transitorio fue o b s e r v a d o en 16.: A safe technique for thyroidectomy with complete nerve dissection and parathyroid preservation. 11. 66:775. Stewart. J. Surg. W. Lord. Dunkelman. Johns Hopkins Rep. Colock. Kocher. Las complicaciones postoperatorias disminuyen en relaci6n a la experiencia del cirujano y se incrementan con las reoperaciones y con la enfermedad m u y extensa.: Nonrecurrent inferior nerves and their association with a recurrent branch. Surg. J.L.2% de estos tuvieron disecciones ganglionares concomitantes.S.: Injury to recurrent laryngeal nerves during thyroidectomy. 131:861. 1920 3.S... Wijetilaka.F.. Obstet. 146:501. The author's operation. 43:164. J. Arch. B.4% des cas il s'agit d ' u n carcinome thyroi'dien.: The prevention of abductor paralysis in thyroidectomy. mientras sdlo un paciente (0. y el hipoparatiroidismo p e r m a n e n t e ocurri6 en el 4. Surg. Obstet.. L a incidencia de hipoparatiroidismo permanente descendi6 a 2. D. Head Neck Surg. B. G. D.7% au cours des 14 dernidres annees et est directement lice /~ l'extension du cancer thyro'l'dien constat6 lots de l'intervention. Cancer 55:1376. Parfilisis p e r m a n e n t e unilateral de la cuerda vocal ocurri6 en 2.8% de los pacientes...E. 1973 20. 120:475. Arch. Harness. 1983 18.W. 1975 9. J.H..H. Ningtin paciente present6 par~ilisis bilateral permanente de las cuerdas vocales.: Complication of total thyroidectomy for carcinoma.K.S. Hoffman. Scanlon. Olsen. Aland. 1971 14. Obstet.: Total Thyroideetomy 785 R~sum~ References Au cours d ' u n e periode de 27 ans de 1957 ~ 1984. Brooks.7% en los filtimos 14 afios y apareci6 directamente relacionado con la extensidn del cfincer tiroideo hallada en la operacidn.Y. D. G.K. Gynecol.: Practical anatomical considerations in thyroid tumor surgery.J. 1. 133:978. G. G. J. Surg. Kellogg. M.S. Gynecol. Surg. J. Kim. Br. Ballinger.. R. S. Karlan.: The recurrent laryngeal nerve in thyroid operations.W. Aucun des cas de paralysie bilaterale p e r m a n e n t e des cordes vocales n ' e s t observe. L a tiroidectomfa total contimia siendo nuestra f o r m a preferida de tratamiento para cgmcer tiroideo. 1983. Les complications postoperatoires diminuent avec l'experience du chirurgien et augmentent lots des rdinterventions et l'extension des lesions. Ann. Surg. Am. Br. O.E. 1970 19. H. Lahey. 1970 7. 109:568. L ' i n c i d e n c e de l'hypoparathyroi'disme definitif t o m b e b. Gynecol.S. F.: Thyroidectomy: Prevention of bilateral recurrent nerve palsy. 1985 15. N. Ellias. Arch. Riddell. J. 19:71.: Preservation of the laryngeal nerves during total thyroid lobectomy. N.P. T. Otol.H.: Routine dissection and demonstration recurrent laryngeal nerve in subtotal thyroidectomy.H. 1981 13.R. Gleischman.W. 1983 . 86:777. Une hypoparathyroidie transitoire est constatee chez 16. Lancet 1:638. J.. Otolaryngol. Crile.C. Halsted.R. Surg. Barraclough. Resumen En el lapso de los 27 afios entre 1957 y 1984. Z. Ann...: Surgery for thyroid carcinoma.H. L a thyroi'dectomie totale demeure pour les auteurs le traitement de choix du cancer thyroi'dien. 1978 21. Obstet. 65:179. 1929 5. Gynecol. Thompson. Reeve.: The morbidity of total thyroidectomy. Une paralysie p e r m a n e n t e unilaterale des cordes vocales survient chez 2. B. Dans 83. Surg. 6:1014.S. 196:361. J. 197:542... J. Wade. J... Uyeda.5% de los pacientes operados. Mountain.: The continuing development of the technique of thyroidectomy.R.P. V. Winchester.. 1956 6.


Sydney's house prices need to be slashed in half and the average property value needs to decline by more than 35% to deal with the affordable housing crisis, according to a leading property analyst.
Michael Matusik, who runs a consultancy in Brisbane, said this decrease in house prices was necessary to ensure an affordable ratio of average household income to median house price.
While the accepted housing affordability benchmark puts dwelling prices at three or four times the average household income, Matusik took into account differences between various locales, adjusting this to six times for Sydney and Melbourne, five times for south east Queensland, Canberra and Perth, and four times for the rest of Australia.
This means that house prices in Sydney would have to fall by $602,000, or 47%, to reach an affordable price of $682,000. Melbourne prices would need to fall by $185,000, or 23%, to $619,000, while property values in south east Queensland would have to only fall by $55,000, or 9%, to $546,000.
The average property value across Australia would have to drop by $323,000, or 37%, bringing the value to $557,000.
Whether this would actually happen though was unknown, he told Australian Broker.
Matusik also questioned whether the federal government has the will to actually do anything about creating affordable property options.
"Lots of hot air about the issue, but will we really see any action?" he said in an online missive.
Current government policies merely add to demand without improving supply, he said. They also intervene with normal property cycle machinations.
To increase affordability, Matusik recommended blocking foreign buyers completely from the Australian market and scrapping all government incentives, including for first home buyers.
Overseas buyers were why Sydney and Melbourne have enjoyed massive price growth – a trend which started when Canada tightened their overseas buying regulations in late 2012, he added.
He also suggested redirecting immigration to regional Australia, moving taxation away from its current leniency towards capital gains, implementing one set of planning regulations, and standardising all property-based fees.
Matusik said he wrote the original missive as a way to show politicians what housing affordability actually looked like.
He questioned politicians' rhetoric and talk that the May budget would tackle housing affordability.
"If you aren't going to use the loo, get off it," he told Australian Broker.


i want the git server send mails to my team members automatic when commit code to the server.
i try many times to configured the post-recive as dear ma's article ,but it does not work .
please help thank you !
Is there any message printed out when you push commits?


Impeach McConnell, Boehner, and Cantor Today: CrowdStrike actions give appearance of Russian collusion. CrowdStrike knowingly allowed alleged Russian malware to remain on DNC computers for over a month (May 5-June 11), sat and watched emails go out the door leading up to 7/25 Democrat Convention. Were CrowdStrike personnel vetted in same way FBI agents are? Would DNC have paid FBI agents investigating its computers as it did CrowdStrike? Is DNC guilty of treason for using private intel and not FBI?
CrowdStrike actions give appearance of Russian collusion. CrowdStrike knowingly allowed alleged Russian malware to remain on DNC computers for over a month (May 5-June 11), sat and watched emails go out the door leading up to 7/25 Democrat Convention. Were CrowdStrike personnel vetted in same way FBI agents are? Would DNC have paid FBI agents investigating its computers as it did CrowdStrike? Is DNC guilty of treason for using private intel and not FBI?
"The company hooked up monitoring software to the DNC system on May 5, 2016 and it 'lit up,' indicating a breach. The company immediately determined that the culprit was Russia....In the weeks that followed, CrowdStrike said it built an entirely new computer and phone system for the DNC and monitored the hackers as they pilfered emails and research files. Over a month passed before CrowdStrike finally booted the hackers out of the system on June 10, 2016."...The Democrat Convention began on July 25, 2016.
""When we discovered the intrusion, we treated this like the serious incident it is and reached out to CrowdStrike immediately. Our team moved as quickly as possible to kick out the intruders and secure our network.""..
"The Democratic National Committee was warned last fall (2015) that its computer network was susceptible to attacks but didn't follow the security advice it was given, according to three people familiar with the matter.
The missed opportunity is another blow to party officials already embarrassed by the theft and public disclosure of e-mails that have disrupted their presidential nominating convention in Philadelphia and led their chairwoman to resign.
Computer security consultants hired by the DNC made dozens of recommendations after a two-month review, the people said. Following the advice, which would typically include having specialists hunt for intruders on the network, might have alerted party officials that hackers had been lurking in their network for weeks -- hackers who would stay for nearly a year.


text:
Party • Lifestyle • Cover features
The Bunnies are back!
by The Stallion
Written by The Stallion
This article first appeared in the Jan/Feb 2011 issue of World Gaming magazine.
The Playboy Club in Macau has officially opened its doors. Everyone who was anyone was there on 20 November for one of the biggest celebrations in the history of Macau. The Sands and the Playboy Club kindly invited our resident party animal, The Stallion, and his good friend the high rolling Dragon along to enjoy the celebration.
Macau has been buzzing with Bunny-fever ever since the Sands Macau announced the deal to open Asia's first Playboy Club in the 21st century era of the Playboy brand. The wait was finally over when the club opened with a gala red carpet event featuring celebrities Jessica Hsuan, Michael Wong, Bonnie Gokson, Terrance Yin, Lisa S and Patricia Cheong.
Scott Flanders, CEO of Playboy Enterprises and Edward Tracy, President and Chief Operating Officer of Sands China Ltd joined the celebrities in a red carpet ceremony culminating in them all becoming the first Key Holders of the club. Playboy bunnies Tiffany and Destiny made the presentation of the iconic keys.
Hollywood Key Holders include some of the biggest names in music and entertainment, such as P. Diddy, Kim Kardashian, Usher and Paris Hilton.
Asia's new Playboy Bunnies, selected from applicants across the world, were the perfect hostesses, dancing the night away and offering guests a taste of the good life that has become synonymous with the Playboy brand. The champagne flowed, the DJ pumped out the tunes, and the atmosphere was electric. The energy was thoroughly enjoyed by the lucky few who in years to come will be able to say they were there on the very first night of Playboy in Macau.
Pete Wu, Sands Macau Vice President of Operations and Reggie Martin, General Manager of Playboy Club Operations, have done a fine job in creating the new Playboy Club. It features luxurious Playboy inspired décor and artwork, and will offer high rollers private gaming areas and live entertainment specifically tailored for the Asian customer.
Playboy has made a long-term investment in Asia, committing to add to their Macau property portfolio by building a 30,000 square-foot Macau Playboy mansion in early 2012.
Playboy is a unique brand when it comes to adult entertainment. It is sexy, mysterious and seductive. You could argue that it is a little bit naughty but it is definitely never sleazy. Hugh Heffner, founder and now elder statesman of the business is most famous these days for his entourage of blonde beauties, but this phenomenally successful brand has been a labour of love for 'Hef' that grew from humble beginnings.
Larry Flynt and Heffner were pioneers when it came to taking on the conservative do-gooders in America. Flynt peddled a smuttier, less classy product in the Hustler magazine, while Heffner stood by his brand of adult entertainment that represented hard-hitting journalism and beautiful women. He argued that adults had the right to read what they wanted and he also argued that the human body was something to celebrated, not something to be hidden away – a revolutionary concept in McCarthy-era America.
In December 1953, Heffner put together the first issue of Playboy on his kitchen table after raising US$10,000 of capital from his friends. The first issue was undated because he didn't know whether there would ever be a second. Little did he realise the extent of the fortune and brand success he was about to create. The first magazine featured Marilyn Monroe on the front cover and sold over 50,000 copies.
Playboy went on to grow substantially during the '50s, boom during the '60s, crash during the '70s and then come back into prominence in the '80s. Heffner would lose a marriage, fight numerous court and corporate battles and emerge as the lovable American 'playboy' forever 'ready for bed' – wrapped in a silky nightgown and sporting comfy slippers.
Macau has welcomed many of the great things about the West to the shores of China but it has done it in a uniquely Asian way. Make no mistake the Playboy Club Macau at the Sands isn't going to be another tacky club like the overpriced and underwhelming nightclubs you find in Las Vegas. The Macau Playboy Club will bring the best of the brand name and add some Asian spice.
Next time you are in Macau, take in the legend that is the Playboy Club. Sipping a cocktail whilst looking over the stunning Macau vista sounds like the perfect night out and if you are lucky you might just run into a bunny who makes your night complete.
Playboy Club Macau cover features Playboy bunnies Playboy Hugh Hefner Edward Tracy Sands Macao Pete Wu Larry Flynt Reggie Martin Scott Flanders
For Her #63
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Attract positivity
WGM discovers exactly why ESPA at The Ritz-Carlton Macau is such a highly decorated venue for...
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Despite concerns that China's slowing economy will hurt the VIP gambling business in Macau, the...
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Gas company received call reporting smell of gas shortly before Plantation explosion
South Florida's Coco Gauff loses to Halep in 4th round at Wimbledon
BSO deputy accused of beating man testifies in his trial
Service dog, cancer medication among items stolen from home, victim says
Body pulled from canal in Pompano Beach
What was that landing on the doughnuts at 1 South Florida Dunkin'?
Dirty Dining
Tropical system expected to slowly develop midweek in northern Gulf of Mexico
Man, woman shot while sitting in vehicle in southwest Miami-Dade
Israel 'confident' he'll win re-election as Broward County sheriff
Trump considers new rule to dramatically limit asylum eligibility
Targets migrants entering Mexico from 3rd country
By Abby Phillip and Priscilla Alvarez, CNN
Posted: 9:10 PM, May 30, 2019 Updated: 9:10 PM, May 30, 2019
WASHINGTON, D.C. - President Donald Trump is considering a new rule that could dramatically limit the ability of Central American migrants to claim asylum if they enter the United States by land through Mexico, according to a senior administration official and a source close to the White House.
The regulation is the latest attempt by the Trump administration to toughen the US asylum process and has the potential of affecting a large swath of migrants journeying to the US-Mexico border.
Trump erupts over immigration, threatening Mexico with tariffs
College grad takes pic in fruit fields with immigrant parents
Feds: A 6th migrant child died while in the care of authorities
Over recent months, migrants predominantly from Central American countries have accounted for the majority of apprehensions at the southern border. They've had to travel through Mexico to reach the border and upon arriving in the US, some have turned themselves in to Border Patrol and claimed asylum.
The regulation would prohibit migrants who have resided in a third country from seeking asylum. It would, therefore, bar migrants transiting through Mexico from being able to claim asylum and as a result, drastically limit who's eligible for asylum. One official said the regulation would be an interim final rule, which could allow the new restrictions to go into effect immediately.
Politico first reported the proposal.
Trump has grown increasingly frustrated by his inability to stop the flood of migrants from being able to claim asylum in the United States. He has complained that Congress refuses to make changes to asylum laws that could limit frivolous asylum claims.
"They won't give us the legislation. Whether it's chain migration or whether it's lottery, they won't give us any," Trump told reporters at the White House on Thursday morning. "And the asylum procedures are ridiculous. No place in the world has what we have in terms of ridiculous immigration laws."
The President also said he would be making a major immigration announcement this week, although sources told CNN that this asylum change was not expected to be what the President will announce and Trump did not elaborate.
RELATED: Trump teases 'big league statement' on immigration at US-Mexico border
The regulation is certain to face legal challenges. Under US law, migrants are allowed to claim asylum once on US soil. There's a caveat, however, for those who come through safe third countries, meaning countries that the US has entered into an agreement with. The United Nations' refugee agency defines "safe country," in part, as "being countries in which refugees can enjoy asylum without any danger."
But Trump's own statements on Mexico could undercut that definition. In tweets, the President has called Mexico "one of the most dangerous country's in the world" and claimed that the murder rate in the country is up.
Still, the administration has continued to implement a separate policy that requires some asylum seekers to wait in Mexico for the duration of their immigration proceedings. As of May 21, the US had returned around 6,000 asylum seekers to Mexico, according to the Department of Homeland Security.
The policy, which was rolled out in January, was challenged in court, but the 9th US Circuit Court of Appeals allowed the administration to continue returning asylum seekers to Mexico for the time being.
The panel, while split on some issues, listed a number of factors that went into the decision, including risk of injury in Mexico and negotiations between the US and Mexico.
The 9th Circuit has blocked other administration attempts to restrict asylum, though.
Late last year, the administration tried to bar migrants who illegally cross into the US through the southern border from seeking asylum outside of official ports of entry. A federal judge in California quickly blocked the order, and the 9th Circuit agreed. The Supreme Court eventually upheld a federal judge's order blocking the new asylum restrictions last December.
The latest attempt to change the asylum process comes amid an increase in illegal border crossings.
In April alone, the Border Patrol arrested 98,977 migrants for illegal entry, many of whom were families -- an increase from March. And that trend is likely to continue.
On Wednesday, more than 1,000 migrants were apprehended by US Border Patrol agents -- what a DHS official says was the largest group of migrants ever apprehended together. According to the official, the group of migrants, which was made up of mostly families, turned themselves in.
The-CNN-Wire ™ & © 2019 Cable News Network, Inc., a Time Warner Company. All rights reserved.
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Australia: To celebrate the home entertainment release of season 1 of acclaimed series A DISCOVERY OF WITCHES, now available to own on DVD, we have 10 copies to give away!
Adapted from Deborah Harkness' best-selling trilogy of novels, A Discovery of Witches is a bold and romantic thriller that uncovers a secret underworld of extraordinary beings hiding in plain sight for fear of persecution by humans – they are vampires, witches and daemons.
Brilliant historian Diana Bishop (Teresa Palmer, Hacksaw Ridge) is a witch denying her own heritage. But when she unexpectedly calls up an ancient, bewitched manuscript from Oxford's Bodleian library, one that was thought by the creatures to be lost and could answer the mysteries of their existence, she finds herself thrown into the heart of a dangerous mystery – and into the path of the enigmatic geneticist and vampire Matthew Clairmont (Matthew Goode, The Crown).
Matthew is driven to solve the looming threat of the creatures' decline and extinction, but their unlikely alliance to find the book before it falls into the wrong hands and their deepening relationship – threatens to violate age-old taboos and shake the fragile peace that exists between the species.
A Discovery of Witches season 1, also starring Edward Bluemel, Louise Brealey, Malin Buska, Aiysha Hart, Owen Teale, Alex Kingston, Valarie Pettiford, is now available to own on DVD.
STEP TWO: In 25 word or less, would you rather be a vampire or a witch and why?


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The Alliance of American Football's debut on Saturday night was not without its highlights. From a Philly special to an epic hit on quarterback Mike Bercovici, the opening two games offered plenty of excitement.
Led by head coach Steve Spurrier, the Orlando Apollos beat the Atlanta Legends 40-6 thanks to a two touchdown performance by quarterback Garrett Gilbert.
In the other game, the San Antonio Commanders beat the San Diego Fleet 15-6. The highlight of that defensive battle was a massive hit that leveled Fleet quarterback Mike Bercovici.
We'll likely get a better sense on Sunday and in the second week of the season if the AAF can really maintain those numbers.
But for now, AAF co-founder Bill Polian has got to be very pleased with the attention his upstart developmental league has gotten.


text:
NSW Records One New Case Of COVID-19 In Past 24 Hours
NSW has recorded one new case of COVID-19 in the 24 hours to 8pm on Sunday from some 6000 tests, with six people in intensive care.
However, a man aged in his 60s has died in NSW after contracting coronavirus from a personal contact, taking the state's death toll to 48 and nationwide to 99.
NSW Premier Gladys Berejiklian on Monday implored the state's residents to continue social distancing as they return to on-site employment in the coming days.
She reiterated peak-hour bus and train services were already at capacity.
"Because we are strictly adhering to social distancing, we recommend that people who aren't already on the system in the peak, especially on buses and trains, travel in the off-peak, so after 10.00am or before 2.00pm," Ms Berejiklian told reporters.
"You might want to think about a different way to do your journey in the morning – you might want to get dropped off at a ferry wharf or a light rail route."
NSW Health Minister Brad Hazzard on Sunday said he'd noted many people at cafes and restaurants did not appear to be observing the 1.5-metre social distancing rule.
"It's fair to say that there has been, in a sense, a great NSW bust-out – people (are) rewarding themselves for many weeks of sacrifice, having themselves locked inside," Mr Hazzard said.
"But I also do want to remind people this virus is extremely dangerous and we are all – every one of us – sitting ducks for this virus. We don't know where this virus might break out."
Ms Berejiklian on Sunday also said the state's success in blunting the impact of COVID-19 may help attract private investment capital otherwise headed to the virus-hit US and UK.
As well, she said future NSW economic policy would involve "far less regulation" and "flexibility to innovate" for the private sector and suggested GST reform should be discussed.
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text:
ROYAL FIREWORKS
Saturday, January 18 at 7:30 PM
Sunday, January 19 at 2:00 PM
Paul Goodwin, conductor
Purcell : Suite from King Arthur
Corelli : Concerto Grosso in C minor
C.P.E. Bach : Sinfonia in G major
Rameau : Suite from Les Boréades
Handel : Music for the Royal Fireworks
It's music fit for royalty as conductor Paul Goodwin returns, bringing his performance practice expertise back to the New World Symphony. Known for jubilant works like Messiah, George Frideric Handel created an energy-packed celebration in his Music for the Royal Fireworks. Henry Purcell captures the dramatic pursuits of King Arthur with grand dances, folk songs and fanfares in selections from his semi-opera. Jean-Philippe Rameau's Suite from Les Boréades—an opera written at the end of his life and first staged two centuries later—is a pastoral paradise. C.P.E. Bach builds on his father's legacy with this early symphony, and Arcangelo Corelli spotlights strings in his group concerto.
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Loading Concert Information
Approx. Duration: 18 minutes
Suite from King Arthur, Z. 628 (1691)
First Music: Overture
Second Music: Aire
Act I: Tune
Act IV: Tune
Act IV: Aire
Act V: Song Tune
Act III: Hornpipie
Passacaglia ("How happy the lover")
Concerto Grosso in C minor, Op. 6, No. 3 (c. 1712)
Sophia Bernitz, Christopher Robinson, violin
Amy Sunyoung Lee, cello
Sinfonia in G major, H. 655, Wq. 180 (c. 1758)
Allegro di molto
Devised by Paul McCreesh
Suite from Les Boréades (1763)
Ouverture (Allegro — Minuet — Allegro)
Gavottes I & II
Air andante
Suite des vents
Entrée d'Abaris
Air gracieux & Air vif
Contredanses I & II
Conredanse en rondeau
Music for the Royal Fireworks, HWV 351 (1749)
Bourrée
La Réjouissance
Menuets I & II
Born into a musical family, Henry Purcell spent his boyhood in London as a chorister for the Chapel Royal. His official duties as a composer and organist accounted for most of his music during the reigns of Charles II and James II, but his royal responsibilities shrank in the wake of the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Only in the last seven years of his short life did Purcell concentrate on the theatre music for which he is best known today.
King Arthur, from 1691, was the second of Purcell's four semi-operas, a genre that combined dialogue spoken by actors with musical scene painting, songs and dances. Most of the selections in this Suite come from the many dance interludes, including the opening Chaconne that originally served as the fifth act's grand finale. Purcell excelled in that format of continuous variations of over a recurring harmonic pattern—the same structure found in his most famous theatrical excerpt, the Lament from Dido and Aeneas.
Arcangelo Corelli came of age at the ideal time and place for an aspiring violinist, when composer-performers in northern Italy were reinventing the instrument's technique and repertoire, spurred on by access to the finest fiddles ever made (thanks to Amati, Stradivari and company). After Corelli moved from Bologna to Rome in his early 20s, he established himself as the most influential violinist and teacher of his generation, attracting students and imitators from all over Europe.
All of Corelli's published compositions—just six collections in total—featured his own instrument. He wrote many sonatas for violin and basso continuo (a shared bass line usually played by cello along with harpsichord or other accompanying instruments) and he also composed for two violins and basso continuo, a genre known as the trio sonata. His most widely copied innovation was the concerto grosso, which added full string sections to the texture of the trio sonata, allowing for alternations between the rich ensemble sound and the more transparent and virtuosic possibilities of solo violins and cello. Musicians had been propagating that new style for decades by the time Corelli's concertos first appeared in print, in a posthumous publication released in 1714 as his Opus 6, and the craze only accelerated from there.
The Concerto Grosso in C minor (Op. 6, No. 3) makes the most of the huge expressive range Corelli cultivated in these collective concertos. Sometimes the solo group provides delicate responses to the larger group, like in the dignified Largo, and other times they lead the way, as in the fugue that starts the following Allegro. The most thrilling music comes in the fifth movement, which expands the traditional four-movement plan of a sonata to add this lively dance in the style of a gigue.
As the second oldest son of Johann Sebastian Bach, Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach made the most of his father's hands-on instruction in composition and keyboard technique. His talents as a performer earned him his first major job in Berlin as a harpsichordist for Prussia's King Frederick II, with whom Bach worked closely and tirelessly from 1740 until 1768. (He finally left to accept the prestigious post directing church music in Hamburg, succeeding his godfather, Telemann.) Frederick was as musical as any king in history, composing original works and playing flute with his court musicians, but his leisure time dropped off sharply with the start of the Seven Years War in 1756. Bach filled that vacuum by cultivating private patrons, delighting them with his new symphonies and other entertaining fare.
Bach wrote this Sinfonia in G major amid a sea change in musical tastes, when his father's swirling polyphony gave way to clarified textures and crisp delineations. (This transformation touched all art forms, like how the decadent palaces and cathedrals of Baroque architecture were overtaken by the ordered columns and precise proportions inspired by Classical Greece.) Applying these new ideals within the three-part structure of an opera overture—Sinfonia, in Italian—Bach laid the groundwork for the Symphony as we know it today.
In this Symphony's central Largo movement, the minor-key heartache and stark contrasts exemplify the "sensitive style" (empfindsamer Stil) that became Bach's most enduring signature, representing a new sense of vulnerability and directness. There are ample details in the dancelike finale that show a lasting debt to the orchestral suites crafted by the elder Bach, although the comedic timing is more suggestive of another composer who was just getting started, Joseph Haydn, who went on to earn himself the nickname "father of the symphony" by taking Emanuel Bach's ideas to their logical next steps.
Before Jean-Philippe Rameau moved to Paris in 1722, he worked as a church organist in various small towns, and his only notable compositions were assorted vocal works and a book of harpsichord pieces. He soon published a groundbreaking harmony treatise and two more books of keyboard suites, paving the way for his greatest ambition, finally achieved at the age of 50: to compose grand operas. He went on to create some 30 works for the stage, the finest by any French composer since Jean-Baptiste Lully.
Les Boréades was Rameau's last tragic opera, and it was still unperformed when he died a year after its completion. Before the first scene opens on a woodland hunt, the Ouverture establishes the setting, including calls that evoke hunting horns. The gusty bursts of violin scales portray the winds, which become a significant plot point in the opera.
It was a longstanding French custom to incorporate dance numbers within operas, which explains the presence in this Suite of two examples of contredanse, the French adaptation of the British "country dance" in which partners form parallel lines. In the first pairing, a contrasting episode in the minor key interrupts the outer statements of a foot-stomping main theme in the major key. The tune of the final Contredanse en rondeau leans uncharacteristically on a foreign pitch, making it all the more memorable each time it returns within the cyclical rondo form.
In 1749, when King George II wanted a grand public spectacle to honor the end of the War of Austrian Succession (an eight-year campaign in which Great Britain allied with Austria against France), he turned to Handel, England's most famous composer. Thirty-two years earlier, a similar request from the King's father, George I, had resulted in Handel's Water Music filling the River Thames. For this new extravaganza, the centerpiece was to be a dazzling fireworks display, with Handel's Music for the Royal Fireworks serving as a prelude.
Handel was so popular that even a dress rehearsal drew a paying crowd of 12,000 at London's Vauxhall Gardens. The official event on April 27 was unforgettable, not least because of the fire that burned down the specially built wooden pavilion. To make sure the sound would project outdoors, Handel used 24 oboes, nine horns, nine trumpets, 12 bassoons and three sets of timpani, but no strings. He later added string parts, and performances today (especially indoors) balance modest string sections and basso continuo against one player on each wind part.
This music to commemorate the end of hostilities with France borrowed many of the conventions of a French suite, including a typical Ouverture and a sampling of dance styles. Two other movements with French titles reinforce this work's origins: La Paix (peace) and Le Réjouissance (an old term for a public festivity).
-- © 2020 Aaron Grad
Aaron Grad is a composer, guitarist and writer based in Seattle. Besides providing program notes for the New World Symphony, he has been the Orpheus Chamber Orchestra's program annotator since 2005 and also contributes notes to the Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra and Seattle Symphony.
Welcome to Keynotes, NWS's new program-based podcast! NWS audiences can now soak up musical clips and commentary for an upcoming performance while on the road, in the kitchen or at work -- wherever life takes you! Keynotes will be available for select concerts throughout the season. Let us set the stage for your concert experience by sharing noteworthy moments guided by NWS's program note annotator Aaron Grad and select Fellows. Audio clips provided by Naxos of America, Inc.
For Aaron's full program notes, click here.
Paul Goodwin is well known for his creative and dynamic programming and incorporating period style within the traditional orchestral world. He has achieved acclaim for delivering fresh, exciting and original accounts of mainstream repertoire as well as his historically informed interpretations. His extensive repertoire spans from the 14th century to the present day.
Mr. Goodwin is Artistic Director and Conductor of the Carmel Bach Festival and Principal Guest Conductor of Cappella Aquileia. He has conducted orchestras throughout the world including the Philadelphia Orchestra, San Francisco Symphony, BBC Philharmonic Orchestra, Hallé Orchestra, City of Birmingham Symphony, Royal Scottish National Orchestra, Konzerthaus Orchester Berlin, Minnesota Orchestra, National Symphony, Utah Symphony, New World Symphony, Seattle Symphony, St. Paul Chamber Orchestra, Toronto Symphony, the Rotterdam, Auckland, Helsinki and Royal Stockholm philharmonics, and radio orchestras in Munich, Frankfurt, Hannover and Leipzig.
In opera, Mr. Goodwin's successes have included Gluck's Iphigenia in Tauris at Komische Oper Berlin, Britten's Rape of Lucretia at Teatro Real Madrid, Handel's Orlando at Scottish Opera and Opera Australia, Handel's Jephtha at Welsh National Opera and Handel's Riccardo Primo at Staatstheater Karlsruhe.
Mr. Goodwin's recent and future highlights include the Chofu International Music Festival, Orquesta Sinfónica de Galicia, Warsaw Philharmonic, Melbourne Symphony Orchestra, Baltimore Symphony Orchestra, Hong Kong Sinfonietta, Les Violons du Roy, Seoul Philharmonic, New World Symphony Orchestra and a revival of Mozart's Così fan tutte at the Royal Danish Opera.
For 11 years Mr. Goodwin was the Associate Conductor of the Academy of Ancient Music, with which he toured extensively and made recordings of Heinrich Schütz's choral music, Mozart's singspiel Zaide and two discs of music by John Tavener, commissioned for the AAM. Three of these CDs were nominated for Grammy (U.S.) and Gramophone (U.K.) awards. Mr. Goodwin was Principal Guest Conductor of the English Chamber Orchestra for six years, collaborating with artists such as Kiri Te Kanawa, Joshua Bell, Maria João Pires, Mstislav Rostropovich and Magdalena Kozena. Elsewhere, he has recorded CDs of Strauss, Hartmann, Handel's Riccardo Primo and Athalia, and a highly acclaimed CD of Elgar's Nursery Suite for Harmonia Mundi. With the Munich Radio Orchestra he has recorded two CDs for Sony: one that includes Prokofiev's Peter and the Wolf and the other, under the stars, in collaboration with violinist Charlie Siem.
Mr. Goodwin's dedication to educational projects has led him to work with National Youth Orchestras in Spain and Holland, Junge Deutsche Philharmonie, Orchestra Giovanile Italiana, Royal Conservatoire in The Hague, and the orchestras of the Royal College and Royal Academy of Music, London. For many years he was a regular visiting conductor for the Queen Elisabeth Competition in Brussels. In 2007 he was awarded the Handel Honorary Prize of the City of Halle (Saale) in recognition of his extraordinary services to performances of works by George Frideric Handel.
For more information, please visit paulgoodwinconductor.com.


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Matt East grew up in the Yarra Valley and worked alongside his father in the family vineyard from a young age. He dedicated 10 years to viticulture with a focus on Pinot Noir and made wine in the shed while growing up. He further honed his skills in local wineries during vintage and eventually left the Yarra Valley to study, travel and pursue a career in the broader wine industry.
Matt has been a cyclist all his life and his love affair with the bike matches a passion for making wine from exceptional sites in his two most loved wine regions – the Yarra Valley, where he grew up, and McLaren Vale where he worked for several years. Rouleur <em>(noun – Roller)</em> was inspired by vineyards explored while riding – but for Matt, cycling was never 'just a ride', more a journey of discovery.
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Chief Secretary expecting 'fair treatment' for Tobago in next week's budget
The Tobago House of Assembly (THA) Chief Secretary Orville London is hopeful that Tobago will be treated fairly in its allocation from the 2016 Budget, which Finance Minister Colm Imbert will present on Monday (October 5).
London, Secretary of Finance and Enterprise Development Joel Jack and Chief Administrator Raye Sandy met with Imbert and Minister of Planning and Development Camille Robinson-Regis last Friday in Trinidad to discuss the island's request for a total expenditure of $3.36 billion for recurrent expenditure and $2.31 billion for its development programme.
At the meeting, the Chief Secretary said, the Assembly acknowledged that Central Government has two major budgetary constraints—having to deliver a budget less than one month into their term in office, and the uncertainty of the country's economic situation.
"We did make it clear to the Central Government and they did agree that from the perspective of the Tobago House of Assembly, we expect a level of sensitivity to the issues and the concerns we have raised over the years," London told reporters at yesterday's (September 30) post Executive Council media briefing at the Calder Hall Administrative Complex. "We expect that in this budget we would see at least the signals being sent that these issues would be addressed."
London said the officials also discussed granting the THA a greater degree of financial flexibility, especially with respect to its development programme.
He added that even in situations where there are no cash resources, there should be strategies agreed upon between the THA and the Central Government to have these development issues addressed. This is especially important in areas such as housing.
London said the talks also included the issue of funding critical projects in Tobago that have suspended for an extended period. These include works at Scarborough RC School and Scarborough Secondary, as well as construction of police stations at Old Grange and Roxborough, the terminal at the Arthur NR Robinson International Airport, Tobago's Fire Service headquarters, the correctional institute at Hope, and the Roxborough Administrative Complex.
"These are among some of the issues which we expect to be addressed and a signal sent as to how they are likely to be funded," he said.
London added: "We are fairly confident that work on the Early Childhood Care Centres should start in the next month, and there are a number of what we call low-hanging fruits which we expect to be addressed sooner rather than later, so we look forward to Monday."
The Chief Secretary said the Assembly's evaluation of its allocation will be based on the presentation of the budget rather than party affiliation because "we enter this as the THA and our loyalties would be to the THA".
"I must say, we did receive a sensitive response from both ministers with respect to the issues that we would have raised," London stated. "We indicated that we would have to take a mature approach, recognising the financial constraints under which the government is working but within those parameters we expect that Tobago should be treated fairly."
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How much might your treatment cost?
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Have they been in the industry for a while?
Many beauty salons are staffed with people who haven't been working that long—as it's an industry with a high turnover and lots of younger employees. If this is a concern to you, make sure you ask someone how long they've been working and what experience in the industry they have. Even if they are older, they might have recently re-skilled to this line of work, so it doesn't always mean they've got a lot of experience.


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import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Objects;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessorType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElement;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElementWrapper;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElements;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlType;

@JsonPropertyOrder({"op", "children"})
@JsonInclude(Include.NON_NULL)
@XmlType(name = "ExpressionOperator", propOrder = {"op", "children"})
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
@Schema(name = "ExpressionOperator",
        description = "A logical addOperator term in a query expression tree")
public final class ExpressionOperator extends ExpressionItem {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 6602004424564268512L;

    @XmlElement(name = "op")
    @Schema(description = "The logical addOperator type",
            required = true)
    @JsonProperty
    private Op op; // TODO : XML serialisation still requires no-arg constructor and mutable fields

    @XmlElementWrapper(name = "children")
    @XmlElements({
            @XmlElement(name = "operator", type = ExpressionOperator.class),
            @XmlElement(name = "term", type = ExpressionTerm.class)
    })
    @JsonProperty
    // TODO : XML serialisation still requires no-arg constructor and mutable fields
    private List<ExpressionItem> children;

    public ExpressionOperator() {
        // TODO : XML serialisation still requires no-arg constructor and mutable fields
    }

    @JsonCreator
    public ExpressionOperator(@JsonProperty("enabled") final Boolean enabled,
                              @JsonProperty("op") final Op op,
                              @JsonProperty("children") final List<ExpressionItem> children) {
        super(enabled);
        this.op = op;
        this.children = children;
    }

    public Op getOp() {
        return op;
    }

    public Op op() {
        if (op == null) {
            return Op.AND;
        }
        return op;
    }

    public List<ExpressionItem> getChildren() {
        return children;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (this == o) {
            return true;
        }
        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) {
            return false;
        }
        if (!super.equals(o)) {
            return false;
        }
        ExpressionOperator that = (ExpressionOperator) o;
        return op == that.op &&
                Objects.equals(children, that.children);
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return Objects.hash(super.hashCode(), op, children);
    }

    @Override
    void append(final StringBuilder sb, final String pad, final boolean singleLine) {
        if (enabled()) {
            if (!singleLine && sb.length() > 0) {
                sb.append("\n");
                sb.append(pad);
            }

            sb.append(op());
            if (singleLine) {
                sb.append(" {");
            }

            if (children != null) {
                final String padding = pad + "  ";
                boolean firstItem = true;
                for (final ExpressionItem expressionItem : children) {
                    if (expressionItem.enabled()) {
                        if (singleLine && !firstItem) {
                            sb.append(", ");
                        }

                        expressionItem.append(sb, padding, singleLine);
                        firstItem = false;
                    }
                }
            }

            if (singleLine) {
                sb.append("}");
            }
        }
    }

    public enum Op implements HasDisplayValue {
        AND("AND"),
        OR("OR"),
        NOT("NOT");

        private final String displayValue;

        Op(final String displayValue) {
            this.displayValue = displayValue;
        }

        @Override
        public String getDisplayValue() {
            return displayValue;
        }
    }

    public static Builder builder() {
        return new Builder();
    }

    public Builder copy() {
        return new Builder(this);
    }

    /**
     * Builder for constructing a {@link ExpressionOperator}
     */
    public static final class Builder extends ExpressionItem.Builder<ExpressionOperator, Builder> {

        private Op op;
        private final List<ExpressionItem> children = new ArrayList<>();

        private Builder() {
        }

        private Builder(final ExpressionOperator expressionOperator) {
            super(expressionOperator);
            this.op = expressionOperator.op;
        }

        /**
         * Changes the operator of this builder
         *
         * @param op The operator to set for this builder
         * @return The {@link Builder}, enabling method chaining
         */
        public Builder op(final Op op) {
            this.op = op;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder children(final List<ExpressionItem> children) {
            this.children.clear();
            if (children != null) {
                this.children.addAll(children);
            }
            return this;
        }

        /**
         * Adds an {@link ExpressionOperator} to this builder
         *
         * @param item The expression item to add as children
         * @return The {@link Builder}, enabling method chaining
         */
        public Builder addOperator(ExpressionOperator item) {
            return addOperators(item);
        }

        /**
         * Adds an {@link ExpressionOperator} to this builder
         *
         * @param items The expression items to add as children
         * @return The {@link Builder}, enabling method chaining
         */
        public Builder addOperators(ExpressionOperator... items) {
            return addOperators(Arrays.asList(items));
        }

        /**
         * Adds an {@link ExpressionOperator} to this builder
         *
         * @param items The expression items to add as children
         * @return The {@link Builder}, enabling method chaining
         */
        public Builder addOperators(Collection<ExpressionOperator> items) {
            this.children.addAll(items);
            return this;
        }

        /**
         * Adds an {@link ExpressionTerm} to this builder
         *
         * @param item The expression item to add as children
         * @return The {@link Builder}, enabling method chaining
         */
        public Builder addTerm(ExpressionTerm item) {
            return addTerms(item);
        }

        /**
         * Adds an {@link ExpressionTerm} to this builder
         *
         * @param items The expression items to add as children
         * @return The {@link Builder}, enabling method chaining
         */
        public Builder addTerms(ExpressionTerm... items) {
            return addTerms(Arrays.asList(items));
        }

        /**
         * Adds an {@link ExpressionTerm} to this builder
         *
         * @param items The expression items to add as children
         * @return The {@link Builder}, enabling method chaining
         */
        public Builder addTerms(Collection<ExpressionTerm> items) {
            this.children.addAll(items);
            return this;
        }

        /**
         * A convenience function for adding terms in one go, the parameters should read fairly clearly
         *
         * @param field     The field name
         * @param condition The condition to apply to the value
         * @param value     The value
         * @return this builder, with the completed term added.
         */
        public Builder addTerm(final String field,
                               final ExpressionTerm.Condition condition,
                               final String value) {
            return addTerm(ExpressionTerm.builder()
                    .field(field)
                    .condition(condition)
                    .value(value)
                    .build());
        }

        /**
         * A convenience function for adding terms in one go, the parameters should read fairly clearly
         *
         * @param field     The field name
         * @param condition The condition to apply to the value
         * @param value     The value
         * @return this builder, with the completed term added.
         */
        public Builder addTerm(final BooleanField field,
                               final ExpressionTerm.Condition condition,
                               final boolean value) {
            return addTerm(ExpressionTerm.builder()
                    .field(field.getName())
                    .condition(condition)
                    .value(String.valueOf(value))
                    .build());
        }

        public Builder addTerm(final DateField field,
                               final ExpressionTerm.Condition condition,
                               final String value) {
            return addTerm(ExpressionTerm.builder()
                    .field(field.getName())
                    .condition(condition)
                    .value(value)
                    .build());
        }

        public Builder addTerm(final DocRefField field,
                               final ExpressionTerm.Condition condition,
                               final String value) {
            return addTerm(ExpressionTerm.builder()
                    .field(field.getName())
                    .condition(condition)
                    .value(value)
                    .build());
        }

        public Builder addTerm(final DocRefField field,
                               final ExpressionTerm.Condition condition,
                               final DocRef docRef) {
            if (!Condition.IS_DOC_REF.equals(condition) &&
                    !Condition.IN_FOLDER.equals(condition)) {
                throw new RuntimeException("Unexpected condition used for doc ref :" + condition);
            }

            return addTerm(ExpressionTerm.builder()
                    .field(field.getName())
                    .condition(condition)
                    .docRef(docRef)
                    .build());
        }

        public Builder addTerm(final IdField field,
                               final ExpressionTerm.Condition condition,
                               final long value) {
            return addTerm(ExpressionTerm.builder()
                    .field(field.getName())
                    .condition(condition)
                    .value(String.valueOf(value))
                    .build());
        }

        public Builder addTerm(final IntegerField field,
                               final ExpressionTerm.Condition condition,
                               final int value) {
            return addTerm(ExpressionTerm.builder()
                    .field(field.getName())
                    .condition(condition)
                    .value(String.valueOf(value))
                    .build());
        }

        public Builder addTerm(final LongField field,
                               final ExpressionTerm.Condition condition,
                               final long value) {
            return addTerm(ExpressionTerm.builder()
                    .field(field.getName())
                    .condition(condition)
                    .value(String.valueOf(value))
                    .build());
        }

        public Builder addTerm(final FloatField field,
                               final ExpressionTerm.Condition condition,
                               final float value) {
            return addTerm(ExpressionTerm.builder()
                    .field(field.getName())
                    .condition(condition)
                    .value(String.valueOf(value))
                    .build());
        }

        public Builder addTerm(final DoubleField field,
                               final ExpressionTerm.Condition condition,
                               final double value) {
            return addTerm(ExpressionTerm.builder()
                    .field(field.getName())
                    .condition(condition)
                    .value(String.valueOf(value))
                    .build());
        }

        public Builder addTerm(final TextField field,
                               final ExpressionTerm.Condition condition,
                               final String value) {
            return addTerm(ExpressionTerm.builder()
                    .field(field.getName())
                    .condition(condition)
                    .value(value)
                    .build());
        }

        public Builder addTerm(final String field,
                               final ExpressionTerm.Condition condition,
                               final DocRef docRef) {
            return addTerm(ExpressionTerm.builder()
                    .field(field)
                    .condition(condition)
                    .docRef(docRef)
                    .build());
        }

        @Override
        ExpressionOperator.Builder self() {
            return this;
        }

        @Override
        public ExpressionOperator build() {
            Boolean enabled = this.enabled;
            if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(enabled)) {
                enabled = null;
            }

            Op op = this.op;
            if (Op.AND.equals(op)) {
                op = null;
            }

            List<ExpressionItem> children = this.children;
            if (children.size() == 0) {
                children = null;
            } else {
                children = Collections.unmodifiableList(children);
            }

            return new ExpressionOperator(enabled, op, children);
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


result-form - a form; evaluated as described below.
The transfer of control initiated by throw is performed as described in Section 5.2 Transfer of Control to an Exit Point.
The following prints "The inner catch returns :SECOND-THROW" and then returns :outer-catch.
catch and throw are normally used when the exit point must have dynamic scope (e.g., the throw is not lexically enclosed by the catch), while block and return are used when lexical scope is sufficient.


text:
Q: Why is this China IP hitting my web site? I have a web site that uses a couple hundred domain aliases, including franchise-dallas.info, franchise-delaware.info, and detroitfranchise.info (see more below).
I have been getting ten to twenty hits per day via Google AdWords PPC.  I set up a log file so that I could see the variables in the URL.
I was surprised to see that the page is getting hit about once per minute. I looked up the IPs and they are all in China.
My site has ZERO content that would be of use to anyone outside the U.S.A.
Can you tell me why my site would be getting this type of hit? Is this normal? Is this a bot?
TIME, IP, DOMAIN, PAGE
20:9, 66.249.71.138, franchise-st-petersburg.info, Why-Buy-a-Franchise
20:13, 66.249.71.21, franchise-ok.info, Frequently-Asked-Questions-About-Franchises
20:16, 66.249.71.44, franchise-dallas.info, Frequently-Asked-Questions-About-Franchises
20:20, 66.249.71.36, franchise-delaware.info, Frequently-Asked-Questions-About-Franchises
20:21, 66.249.71.136, detroitfranchise.info, What-We-Do-Free-Franchise-Advice
20:21, 66.249.71.10, philadelphiafranchise.info, Privacy-Policy
20:21, 66.249.71.144, denverfranchise.info, Franchise-Terminology
20:22, 66.249.71.59, franchise-tx.info, Get-Started-Ask-a-Franchise-Expert
20:24, 67.195.114.240, franchise-ky.info, Franchise-Terminology
20:27, 66.249.71.138, franchise-st-petersburg.info, Why-Buy-a-Franchise

A:
Can you tell me why my site would be
  getting this type of hit? Is this
  normal? Is this a bot?

Because you're hosting a website, wait for it, on the World Wide Web. Not the United States Web.
Don't worry about it. If you really don't want China to hit your website then put appropriate firewall rules in place to block that traffic.

A: Many chinese people also speak the lingua-franca of the web, which is essentially english.  I'd set up google analytics to track who's referring links to your site.
As long as it isn't a Denial of service situation, it might be positive for your sites.

A: Welcome to hosting a website on its own IP address. You can put a host on a public IP nowadays and chances are you'll get hit with a scan before the end of the day, probably sooner. Often times the source is just scanning up and down the IP ranges looking for running web, mail or shell servers to attack. They may not even know your website's proper domain name.
Updating my answer since I notice its now the top site that comes up when you ask this question and similarly worded ones. So much has happened in this field since 2011, when I originally answered your question.
China has a sophisticated state funded cyberattack force that is constantly scanning most of the Internet on a daily basis looking for vulnerable website software and services. They will do repeat scans so you'll see the same IPs over and over again in your logs and site stats. This has been going on since at least as far back as the late 1990s, but in recent years has increased significantly.
Chances are your site is going to be hit by other countries and from inside the US as well by adversaries also looking for vulnerable sites, but right now China is by far the largest source of these types of attacks. As always, you should make sure your website's software is kept up to date because if you are running any vulnerable version of popular software you can bet it will be exploited quickly.

A: Evik - it's possible that franchoice or bison were trying to gain organic search dominance by purchasing up multiple keyword heavy domain names and pointing them to the same codebase. They might have even promoted some of these domains by purchasing links on affiliate websites which in turn get spidered by the search robots which then show up in your log files - It's not possible to know if it's robot traffic or user traffic with only log data.  You might have better luck collecting user agent data.

A: The Chinese are scanning / attacking everything, everywhere.
For the sites I run, I don't want any Chinese or African traffic - there's no reason for it, and so I consider any hits from there as an attack.
To accomplish the ban, I created a table to store IPs that hit the sites, and a php script that uses the geoplugin API to identify the origin of the IP. When the site is hit, the script checks the table to see if it's already there, if not it's stored. If the IP is from China or Africa, the app dies and displays "FORBIDDEN", for now. Once I'm more sure of the comprehensiveness of the code, I'll let it die silently.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange