text:
Title: Forbes Field
Subject: Pittsburgh/On this day, 1933 Pittsburgh Pirates (NFL) season, 1947 Pittsburgh Steelers season, 1957 Pittsburgh Steelers season, 1959 Pittsburgh Steelers season
Collection: 1909 Establishments in Pennsylvania, 1971 Disestablishments in Pennsylvania, American Football League (1936) Venues, Baseball Stadiums in Pennsylvania, Card-Pitt, Defunct Baseball Venues in the United States, Defunct College Baseball Venues in the United States, Defunct College Football Venues, Defunct Major League Baseball Venues, Defunct National Football League Venues, Demolished Sports Venues in Pennsylvania, Destroyed Landmarks in Pennsylvania, Event Venues Established in 1909, Homestead Grays, Jewel Box Parks, Negro League Baseball Venues, Pittsburgh History & Landmarks Foundation Historic Landmarks, Pittsburgh Panthers Baseball Venues, Pittsburgh Panthers Football Venues, Pittsburgh Pirates Stadiums, Pittsburgh Steelers Stadiums, Sports Venues Demolished in 1971, Sports Venues in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Steagles
"The House of Thrills"
"The Old Lady of Schenley Park"
"The Orchard of Oakland" [2]
230 South Bouquet St. in Oakland, adjacent to Schenley Park
Left Field—360 feet (110 m)
Deepest corner—462 feet (141 m)
Center Field—442 feet (135 m)
Right Field—376 feet (115 m)[1]
Hand-operated
Broke ground
March – June 1909
Construction cost
Estimated US$1–2 million
($26.2 million - $52.5 million in 2016 dollars[2])
Charles Leavitt, Jr.
Nicola Building Company
Pittsburgh Pirates (MLB) (1909–1970)
Pittsburgh Pirates/Steelers (NFL) (1933–1963)
Philadelphia–Pittsburgh "Steagles" (NFL) (1943)
"Card-Pitt" (NFL) (1944)
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Homestead Grays (Negro leagues) (1922–1939)
Pittsburgh Americans (AFL) (1936–1937)
Pittsburgh Phantoms (NPSL) (1967)
Pennsylvania Historical Marker
July 7, 2006[3]
Pittsburgh Landmark — PHLF
Forbes Field wall: remnant
Forbes Field was a baseball park in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, from 1909 to June 28, 1970. It was the third home of the Pittsburgh Pirates Major League Baseball (MLB) team, and the first home of the Pittsburgh Steelers, the city's National Football League (NFL) franchise. The stadium also served as the home football field for the University of Pittsburgh "Pitt" Panthers from 1909 to 1924. The stadium was named after British general John Forbes, who fought in the French and Indian War, and named the city in 1758.
The US$1 million ($26.2 million today) project was initiated by Pittsburgh Pirates' owner Barney Dreyfuss, with the goal of replacing his franchise's then-current home, Exposition Park. The stadium was made of concrete and steel (one of the first of its kind) in order to increase its lifespan. The Pirates opened Forbes Field on June 30, 1909 against the Chicago Cubs, and would play the final game also against the Cubs on June 28, 1970. The field itself featured a large playing surface, with the batting cage placed in the deepest part of center field during games. Seating was altered multiple times throughout the stadium's life; at times fans were permitted to sit on the grass in the outfield during overflow crowds. The Pirates won three World Series while at Forbes Field and the other original tenant, the Pittsburgh Panthers football team had five undefeated seasons before moving in 1924.
Some remnants of the ballpark still stand, surrounded by the campus of the University of Pittsburgh. Fans gather on the site annually on the anniversary of Bill Mazeroski's World Series winning home run, in what author Jim O'Brien writes is "one of the most unique expressions of a love of the game to be found in a major league city".[5]
Planning and design 1.1
Opening 1.2
Playing field 1.3
Seating and tickets 1.4
Closing and demolition 1.5
Memorials 1.6
Baseball 2.1
Football 2.2
Boxing and other events 2.3
Gallery: 1910s Panorama 4
In 1903, Pittsburgh Pirates' owner Barney Dreyfuss began to look for ground to build a larger capacity replacement for the team's then-current home, Exposition Park.[6] Dreyfuss purchased seven acres of land near the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, adjacent to Schenley Park, with assistance from his friend, industrialist Andrew Carnegie.[7] The low-priced land was selected so Dreyfuss could spend more on the stadium itself.[7] Dreyfuss signed a contract that he would "make the ballpark ... of a design that would harmonize with the other structures in the Schenley Park district."[8] The site was initially labeled "Dreyfuss's Folly" due to its long distance—a 10-minute trolley ride—from downtown Pittsburgh, but the land around the park developed and criticisms were dropped.[7][9] Official Pirates' records show that Forbes Field cost US$1 million for site acquisition and construction, however some estimates place the cost at twice that amount.[9][10]
Dreyfuss announced that unlike established wooden ballparks such as the Polo Grounds, he would build a three-tiered stadium out of steel and concrete to increase longevity—the first of its kind in the nation.[11][12] Charles Wellford Leavitt, Jr. was contracted to design the stadium's grandstand. A civil engineer, Leavitt had founded an engineering and landscape architecture firm in 1897.[8] He had gained experience in steel and concrete constructs while designing the Belmont and Saratoga racetracks. Based on Dreyfuss' architectural requirements, Leavitt presented a plan for Forbes Field—the only ballpark he would design.[8] Pirates' manager Fred Clarke also had input into the stadium's design, giving groundskeepers advice on the field, in addition to designing and patenting a device to spread and remove a canvas tarpaulin over the infield in case of rain.[13]
Initial work on the land began on January 1, 1909,[8] but ground was not officially broken until March 1.[7] Nicola Building Company built the stadium in 122 days and play began less than four months after ground was broken, on June 30.[7][14] Though the scoreboard was operated by hand,[15] the ballpark featured multiple innovations such as ramps and elevators to assist fan movement throughout the park, a room for the umpires, and a visiting team clubhouse similar to the Pirates'.[7] The facade of the stadium featured "buff-colored terra cotta" spelling out "PAC" for the Pittsburgh Athletic Company.[7] The light green steelwork contrasted with the red slate of the roof.[7] Some members of the press urged Dreyfuss to name the stadium after himself. However, the owner decided on Forbes Field, in honor of General John Forbes, who captured Fort Duquesne from the French in 1758 and rebuilt a new "Fort Pitt" at the site.[7][16] In 1935, after Dreyfuss' death, there was renewed media interest in renaming the stadium "Dreyfuss Field". His widow, Florence, resisted. However, a monument to Dreyfuss was placed in center field just in front of the wall.[17]
"Pittsburg can now boast of the world's finest baseball park. It is a marvel of which people in other cities can have no adequate conception until they come here and see it."
—Fred Clarke, 1909[18]
On June 29, 1909, the Pittsburgh Pirates defeated the Chicago Cubs by a score of 8–1 at Exposition Park. The two teams opened Forbes Field the following day. Fans began to arrive at the stadium six and one-half hours early for the 3:30 pm game.[13] The game started at 3:30 p.m. Weather conditions were reported as clear skies with a temperature around 80 degrees.[19] Of the crowd, the Pittsburgh Press wrote, "the ceremonies were witnessed by the largest throng that ever attended an event of this kind in this or any other city in the country ... Forbes Field is so immense—so far beyond anything else in America in the way of a baseball park—that old experts, accustomed to judging crowds at a glance, were at a loss for reasonable figures."[18] Records show that the first game was attended by a standing-room only crowd of 30,338.[9] Various National League officials and owners were present for the opening pre-game ceremonies, including league president Harry Pulliam, Civil War veteran and manager of Pittsburgh's first professional baseball team Al Pratt, and American League president Ban Johnson.[13] Pittsburgh Mayor William A. Magee threw out the stadium's ceremonial first pitch.[18] The Chicago Cubs won the first game by a score of 3–2. Dreyfuss declared, "This is indeed the happiest day of my life."[18] The stadium was widely considered the best in the league.[16]
It is more accurate to say Mayor Magee threw out the first ball. He was in the second tier and threw the ball to John M. Morin, Director of Public Safety, on the field below. Morin then went to the mound and threw the first pitch to the Pirate catcher.[20]
Pictures depict the flag at Forbes Field at half staff on opening day. This occurred to honor recently deceased presidents of the Philadelphia Phillies and the Boston Doves.[19]
The first batter at Forbes Field was future Hall of Famer
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Exposition Park Home of the Pittsburgh Pirates
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1959 (Game 1) Succeeded by
Forbes Field Forever
Pittsburgh Pirates ballpark timeline
360° panorama at the Forbes Field home plate in the University of Pittsburgh's Posvar Hall
360° panorama at the remnant of the outfield wall of Forbes Field in Oakland
360° panorama of the annual celebration of the 1960 World Series win at the wall remnant in Oakland
Multimedia presentation: Forbes Field– Exploring our grand (and long gone) ballpark
Benson, Michael (1989). Ballparks of North America. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc.
Cicotello, David; Louisa, Angelo J. (2007). Forbes Field: Essays and Memories of the Pirates' Historic Ballpark, 1909–1971. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc.
Gershman, Michael (1993). Diamonds: The Evolution of the Ballpark. Boston:
Leventhal, Josh; MacMurray, Jessica (2000). Take Me Out to the Ballpark. New York:
Lowry, Philip J. (1986). Green Cathedrals. New York: Walker & Co.
McCollister, John (1998). The Bucs! The Story of the Pittsburgh Pirates. Lenexa, KS: Addax Publishing Group.
McCollister, John (2008). The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly Pittsburgh Pirates. Chicago:
Mehno, John (1995). "History of the Stadium". Pittsburgh Pirates Official 1995 Commemorative Yearbook (Sports Media, Inc.).
O'Brien, Jim (2001). The Chief: Art Rooney and His Pittsburgh Steelers. Pittsburgh: James P. O'Brien Publishing.
O'Brien, Jim (1998). We Had 'Em All the Way. Pittsburgh: James P. O'Brien Publishing.
Ritter, Lawrence S. (1992). Lost Ballparks: A Celebration of Baseball's Legendary Fields. New York: Viking.
Smith, Ron; Belford, Kevin (2000). The Ballpark Book. St. Louis: Sporting News.
Walker, Paul Robert (1988). I Don't Have The Words. Pride of Puerto Rico: The Life of Roberto Clemente. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
Wiebusch, John (2002). House of Steel: Heinz Field and the Dawn of a New Era in Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh Steelers.
^ a b c d e f g Gershman 1993, p. 90
^ Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–2014. Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. Retrieved February 27, 2014.
^ "PHMC Historical Markers Search" (Searchable database). Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Retrieved 2014-01-25.
^ Historic Landmark Plaques 1968-2009 (PDF). Pittsburgh, PA: Pittsburgh History & Landmarks Foundation. 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-02.
^ a b c McCollister 2008, p. 150
^ Cicotello 2007, p. 15
^ a b c d e f g h i Gershman 1993, p. 89
^ a b c d Cicotello 2007, p. 16
^ a b c d e Leventhal 2000, p. 52
^ McCollister 2008, p. 99
^ "Pirates' Timeline".
^ a b c d e Cicotello 2007, p. 17
^ a b c Cicotello 2007, p. 226
^ a b c d McCollister 1998, p. 175
^ a b c McCollister 1998, p. 64
^ a b Cicotello 2007, p. 23
^ a b c d "35,000 Fans Help to Dedicate Ball Park".
^ a b c d e Bonk, Dan. "Forbes Field: Build it Yourself." Point Four Ltd., 1995.
^ http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/neighborhoods/oakland/oak_n718.html
^ a b c d e f Leventhal 2000, p. 53
^ a b Gershman 1993, p. 91
^ a b c d e McCollister 1998, p. 176
^ Dvorchak, Robert (April 5, 2009). "Talented 1909 Pirates Started New Era of Baseball".
^ McCollister 2008, p. 103
^ a b c d Cicotello 2007, p. 227
^ a b Mehno 1995, p. 9
^ Gershman 1993, p. 92
^ Mehno 1995, pp. 9–10
^ Mehno 1995, p. 10
^ McCollister 2008, pp. 104–5
^ Walker, p. 106
^ "People's Plan Set at Saving Forbes Field".
^ "Pitt Will Demolish Forbes Field as Citizens Group Appeal Fails".
^ Lowry 1986, p. 73
^ Langosch, Jenifer (April 6, 2009). "Pirates Show Off Revamped PNC Park".
^ a b O'Brien 1998, pp. 319–21
^ a b LaRussa, Tony (May 6, 2006). "Forbes Field Remnants Restored".
^ Hoover, Bob (June 16, 2006). "Forbes Field to Rise Again".
^ Kirkland, Kevin (July 8, 2006). "Carpenters Re-Create Entrance to Forbes Field".
^ "Crosley Field and Forbes Field".
^ Andrew Rush (2010). Searching for Home Plate (web). Post-Gazette Publishing Co. Retrieved May 3, 2010.
^ Kirkland, Kevin (October 10, 2008). "Fans Relive Joy of Pirates' 1960 World Series Win".
^ Dvorchak, Robert (October 14, 2010). "'"Game 7 'Still Feels Like It Happened Yesterday.
^ a b McCollister 2008, p. 104
^ "Bill Mazeroski". Baseball Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on July 5, 2008. Retrieved September 6, 2008.
^ Loeffler, William (August 13, 2010). History Detectives' Episode About Forbes Field Game Airs Aug. 23"'".
^ Cicotello 2007, pp. 55, 64
^ "First Night Baseball Game at Forbes Field".
^ "Install Lights at Forbes Field".
^ "Chapter Three: The Negro Leagues". Baseball in Pennsylvania. WITF, Inc. Retrieved April 29, 2009.
^ "Chapter One: Baseball in Pittsburgh". Baseball in Pennsylvania. WITF, Inc. Retrieved April 29, 2009.
^ The Owl. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh. 1960. pp. 238–239. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
^ The Owl. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh. 1961. p. 212. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
^ Cicotello 2007, p. 223
^ "College Football Data Warehouse: Pittsburgh Total National Championships" (pdf). College Football Data Warehouse. Retrieved September 7, 2008.
^ Cicotello 2007, pp. 68–9
^ "Pittsburgh Steelers: Firsts, Records, Odds & Ends". National Football League. Retrieved June 21, 2008.
^ O'Brien 2001, p. 16
^ "74 Years with the Steelers" (pdf). Pittsburgh Steelers. August 22, 2007. Retrieved June 21, 2008.
^ a b c Cicotello 2007, p. 85
^ a b Wiebusch, p. 95
^ "Steelers' History" (PDF). Pittsburgh Steelers. August 22, 2007. Retrieved April 27, 2008.
^ Cicotello 2007, pp. 76–84
^ "Program: International Centennial Celebration and Conventions of the Disciples of Christ," (http://www.mun.ca/rels/restmov/texts/jhgarrison/ccp/CCP201.HTM)
^ a b "In the Beginning ... The Early Days of Mine Rescue".
^ "As American as Baseball and Apple Pie..". WQED Pittsburgh. Archived from the original on July 16, 2008. Retrieved April 29, 2009.
^ http://www.baseball-almanac.com/stadium/st_forbes.shtml
Forbes Field in the early 1910s from the Library of Congress, intended to form a panorama.
Gallery: 1910s Panorama
23,000 (1909–1914)
The seating capacity for baseball:[86]
The Mine Safety and Health Administration hosted a mine rescue and safety demonstration at Forbes on October 30, 1911.[84] The event included first-aid and rescue demonstrations. Around 15,000 attended the event, including President William H. Taft.[84] Forbes Field also hosted circuses and concerts.[85]
On Sunday, October 17, 1909 at 3:00 p.m. a Communion Service was held at Forbes Field as the culmination of the International Centennial Celebration and Conventions of the Disciples of Christ[83] marking the 100th anniversary of the signing of the "Declaration and Address" by Thomas Campbell in September 1809. Campbell was a founding father of the American Restoration Movement (Disciples of Christ, Christian Church, Churches of Christ). Delegates and members of churches from all over the world were present.
Boxing bouts were held at Forbes Field from the 1910s to the 1950s, attracting crowds of over 15,000 people.[79] On June 23, 1919, Harry "The Pittsburgh Windmill" Greb—the only boxer to beat Gene Tunney—defeated Mike Gibbons in a ten round bout at Forbes Field.[74] On July 18, 1951, the heavyweight boxing championship was held at the stadium. In seven rounds, Ezzard Charles was knocked out by Jersey Joe Walcott.[80] Another bout on September 25, 1939, was attended by 17,000 people including Art Rooney and Pie Traynor. Pittsburgh native Billy Conn defended his light heavyweight title against Melio Bettina, whom he had beaten months earlier. Conn won the bout by decision in 15 rounds.[81] Two years later, on June 18, 1941, Conn fought Joe Louis at New York City's Polo Grounds, in an attempt to become the world heavyweight champion. The Pirates and the New York Giants, who were playing at Forbes Field, were called into their dugouts while the 24,738 fans in attendance listened to the radio broadcast of the hour-long bout. Conn led the bout into the final round, but fought for the knockout and was knocked out himself.[82]
Boxing and other events
Pittsburgh Panthers game against Washington & Jefferson College – 1915
Pittsburgh native, Art Rooney founded his NFL team under the name the Pittsburgh Pirates, on July 8, 1933, for $2,500 ($45,546 in present-day terms).[71][72] The franchise's first game, against the New York Giants, was held on September 20, 1933,[73] at Forbes Field.[74] The Giants won the game 23–2 in front of 25,000 people.[74][75] Rooney wrote of the game, "The Giants won. Our team looks terrible. The fans didn't get their money's worth."[76] The Pirates would rebound to gain their first ever franchise victory a week later at Forbes Field, against the Chicago Cardinals.[75] The NFL's Pirates were renamed the Steelers in 1940, and otherwise struggled during much of their three-decades of tenancy at Forbes. The club achieved its first winning record in 1942; its tenth season of existence.[77] On November 30, 1952, the Steelers met the New York Giants at Forbes Field for a snowy afternoon game. Pittsburgh entered the game with a 3–6 record, but went on to set multiple team records, including scoring nine touchdowns, to win the game 63–7. Excited by their team's play, the 15,140 spectators ran onto the field and began to tear the field goal posts out of the ground.[78] The University of Pittsburgh's acquisition of Forbes Field in 1958 gave the Steelers some options, and they began transferring some of their home games to the much larger Pitt Stadium that year. The Steelers played their final game at Forbes Field on December 1, 1963. The franchise would move to Pitt Stadium exclusively the following season.
The University of Pittsburgh's football team moved from Exposition Park into Forbes Field upon its opening in 1909 and played there until 1924 when it moved into the larger Pitt Stadium only a few blocks away.[66] In their first game at Forbes Field on October 16, 1909, the Panthers defeated Bucknell University 18–6.[67] In 1910, Pitt's second year at Forbes Field, the Panthers went undefeated without allowing a single point. The Panthers had several successful seasons while playing at Forbes Field, including five in which they went undefeated[68] and were awarded national championship titles in 1910, 1915, 1916, 1917, and 1918.[66][69] During their years at Forbes Field, Pitt's teams were led by Hall of Fame coaches Joe Thompson, Glenn "Pop" Warner and Jock Sutherland.[70] Forbes Field was the site of yet another broadcasting first when on October 8, 1921, Harold W. Arlin announced live play-by-play action of the Pitt-West Virginia football game on radio station KDKA, the first live radio broadcast of a college football game in the United States.
The University of Pittsburgh's baseball team would also often use Forbes Field for home games.[63][64][65]
The Homestead Grays of the Negro leagues played all home games at Forbes Field from 1922 to 1939.[56] Grays owner Cumberland Posey became friends with Dreyfuss, who rarely missed a Grays game.[57] In 1930, Josh Gibson made his premiere for the Grays at Forbes Field.[58] Also in 1930, the Grays and the Kansas City Monarchs played the first baseball game at night in Pittsburgh on July 18, 1930. A crowd of over 15,000 was expected.[59] Floodlights were installed the day before the game after they were transported from Cleveland, where the Grays and Monarchs had played on July 16.[60] Six members of the Grays' 1936 team have been inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame.[61] Beginning in 1937, the Grays won nine consecutive Negro National League championships.[62]
On May 28, 1956, Dale Long of the Pirates took what one author has stated was the first-ever curtain call in baseball history, after hitting home runs in eight consecutive games caused fans to cheer for five minutes.[52]
Most of the game-action scenes from the 1951 film Angels in the Outfield were filmed at the stadium.[21]
On October 8, 1946, 6 months before his major league debut Jackie Robinson played with his African American all-stars against Honus Wagner's all-stars.[55]
On May 25, 1935, at Forbes Field, Babe Ruth hit the last three home runs of his career as his Boston Braves lost to the Pirates, 11-7. His last home run cleared the right field stands roofline, making him the first player to ever do so.
Forbes Field in its early years.
Two unassisted triple plays were turned at Forbes Field. The first took place on May 7, 1925, when Pittsburgh's Glenn Wright achieved the feat. Two seasons later, in 1927, Jimmy Cooney—who had been a victim of the first triple play—also acquired three outs by himself.[21]
In 1925, the Pirates became the first team to come back from a three-game to one deficit to defeat the Washington Senators and win the World Series.[53] Pittsburgh's third and final World Series championship while they played at Forbes Field came in 1960. Bill Mazeroski hit the first home run to end a World Series and as of 2015, the only walk-off home run in World Series Game 7 history.[54]
On August 5, 1921, Forbes Field was the site of the first live radio broadcast of a Major League Baseball game in the United States.[21] Harold W. Arlin announced the play-by-play action between the Pittsburgh Pirates and the Philadelphia Phillies over KDKA from a box seat next to the first-base dugout.[52] Regular broadcasts began in 1936 by A. K. ′′Rosey′′ Rowswell, a local humorist and friend of owner Bill Benswanger. Rowswell is quoted as describing his broadcasting with, "It's not just play-by-play that matters. It's what you say in between the pitches that counts." His style influenced junior partner Bob Prince, who began broadcasting in 1948. Rowswell broadcast games at Forbes Field until his death in 1955.[19]
On October 2, 1920, Forbes Field hosted the last triple-header in MLB history.[21]
In 1909, Forbes Field's opening season, the Pirates beat the Detroit Tigers in the World Series. It would be the only meeting of eventual Hall of Famers Honus Wagner and Ty Cobb.[51]
Forbes Field on July 5, 1909.
A ceremony is held each October 13 at the outfield wall in Oakland to listen to a taped broadcast of the final game of the 1960 World Series.[40][47][48] The tradition was started by Squirrel Hill resident Saul Finkelstein, who at 1:05 pm on October 13, 1985, sat alone at the base of the flagpole and listened to the NBC radio broadcast of Chuck Thompson and Jack Quinlan.[5] Finkelstein continued the tradition for eight more years, until word spread and other people began attending in 1993.[5] On October 13, 2000—the game's 40th anniversary—over 600 people attended to listen to the broadcast, including Mazeroski himself.[49] For the 50th anniversary, on October 13, 2010, a plaque honoring Mazeroski was dedicated and more than 1,000 attended the broadcast, including Mazeroski and several other former Pirates.[50]
Meanwhile, the original location of that wall is outlined by bricks extending from the left-center field wall across Roberto Clemente Drive and into the sidewalk. A plaque embedded in the sidewalk marks the spot where Mazeroski's home run cleared the wall.[40] The left-center and center field brick wall with "457 FT" and "436 FT" painted on it still stands at its original location, along with the stadium's flagpole, adjacent to the University of Pittsburgh's Mervis and Posvar Halls.[23] Despite not technically being the correct section of wall where Mazeroski's famous home run cleared, it is often locally referred to as "Mazeroski's Wall." This portion of the wall remained after Forbes Field was torn down, and was refurbished in 2006 in time for the All-Star Game hosted in Pittsburgh.[41][42] In addition, a wooden replica of an entrance to the stadium, including a ticket window and players entrance, was constructed and placed near the remaining wall in 2006.[43] The home plate used in the stadium's final game remains preserved in the University of Pittsburgh's Posvar Hall.[41][44] However, its location has been altered; author John McCollister wrote, "Had architects placed home plate in its precise spot about half of the Pirates fans could not view it. The reason: it would have to be on display in the fifth stall of the ladies' restroom."[45] However, the original location of the home plate has been more recently determined by others to be approximately 81 feet away from its current display, just inside the GSPIA/Economics Library, and not in a restroom as has been popularly believed.[46]
Forbes Fields' home plate lies encased and on display in the lobby floor of the University of Pittsburgh's Posvar Hall.
The portion of the left field wall over which Bill Mazeroski hit his walk-off home run to end the 1960 World Series, between the scoreboard and the "406 FT" sign, no longer stands at its original location. A portion of that wall, including the distance marker, had been sliced off and moved to the Allegheny Club at Three Rivers Stadium. Before the Three Rivers demolition, the section of the wall was salvaged, and in 2009 it was restored and placed on the Riverwalk outside of PNC Park.[38][39]
The left field wall was moved to PNC Park in 2009
In 1955, a statue of Honus Wagner was dedicated in Schenley Plaza adjacent to Forbes Field. Several thousand fans attended the dedication as well as Wagner himself. His failing health caused him to never leave his open convertible in which he arrived (Wagner died near the end of that year). The 1,800 pound statue was moved to Three Rivers Stadium in 1970. Today, the statue stands at the home plate entrance of PNC Park.[19]
The abandoned structure suffered two separate fires that damaged the park, on December 24, 1970 and July 17, 1971. Eleven days after the second fire, demolition began, and the site was cleared for use by the University of Pittsburgh.[37]
A community group attempted to rescue the structure from demolition, proposing such things as a stage, apartments and a farmers market for the site and comparing it to the Eiffel Tower in significance.[35][36]
Though Forbes Field was praised upon its opening, it began to show its age after 60 years of use. The park was the second oldest baseball field in the league at the time - only Shibe Park in Philadelphia was older (it too was replaced in 1971 by Veterans Stadium). The location of the park, which was initially criticized for not being developed, grew into a "bustling business district" which led to a lack of parking space.[28] One sportswriter wrote that The House of Thrills had become "as joyless as a prison exercise yard".[29] Following a plan to expand their adjacent campus, the University of Pittsburgh purchased Forbes Field in 1958, with an agreement to lease the stadium to the Pirates until a replacement could be built.[30] A proposal for a new sports stadium in Pittsburgh was first made in 1948, but plans did not attract much attention until the late 1950s.[28] Construction began on Three Rivers Stadium on April 25, 1968.[31] The Pittsburgh Pirates and the Chicago Cubs played a double-header on June 28, 1970.[15] Pittsburgh won the first game 3–2. In the later game Al Oliver hit the last home run in the park, and Matty Alou drove in two runs as the Pirates closed the 62-year-old stadium with a 4–1 victory.[32] The 40,918 spectators in attendance stood and cheered as Dave Giusti retired Willie Smith for the final out at the stadium.[27][33] Pirates Hall of Famer Roberto Clemente played fifteen seasons at Forbes Field. He was emotional during the last game saying, "I spent half my life there."[34] After the game, home plate was dug up and taken by helicopter to Three Rivers Stadium to be installed in the artificial turf.
Closing and demolition
Forbes Field had an original capacity of 25,000, the largest in the league at the time.[13] Seating at the stadium was remodeled numerous times, peaking at a capacity of 41,000 in 1925 and closing in 1970 at 35,000 seats.[9] On opening day, ticket prices ranged from $1.25 (equal to $32.81 today) for box seats and $1 (equal to $26.25 today) for reserved grand stand sections;[1] temporary bleachers were set up for the occasion and cost $0.50.[13] Ticket prices were considered high for the day and steel pillars supporting the roof occasionally blocked fans' views of the field.[15] Two thousand bleachers were situated along the left field side, tickets were sold for a maximum of $1.[25] When winning streaks would attract high attendance to games, fans were permitted to sit on the grass in right field, provided they would agree to allow a player to catch any ball hit in the area.[26] The lowest season of attendance came in 1914 when 139,620 people attended games; the highest at the stadium came in 1960, when 1,705,828 people watched the Pirates play.[27] On September 23, 1956, the stadium's largest crowd, 44,932, gathered to see the home team play the Brooklyn Dodgers. The game was cut short in the top of the ninth inning, after a rain delay forced it past the Pennsylvania Sunday curfew. The Dodgers won the game 8–2 the following day.[27] At 200 people, June 10, 1938 marked the smallest crowd to ever attend a Pirates game.[14] On September 30, 1962, a crowd of 40,916 people saw the Steelers defeated by the New York Giants, at the Steelers' highest-attended game at the stadium.[27]
A recreated entrance, including ticket window, located near the remaining outfield wall in Oakland
Seating and tickets
The infield developed a "rock-hard" surface throughout the stadium's history.[15] During the final game of the 1960 World Series, Yankees shortstop Tony Kubek was struck in the neck with a ball that bounced off the hard dirt surface, breaking up a potentially rally-killing double play and causing Kubek to exit the game. Pittsburgh went on to win the game and the championship.[25] Groundskeepers burned gasoline on the mound to dry it off.[23] Because of the bounces, Pirates' play-by-play announcer Bob Prince nicknamed the ballpark, The House of Thrills.[17]
Forbes Field's ivy-covered walls featured no advertising, except a 32-foot (9.8 m) United States Marine Corps billboard during the 1943 season.[23]
The final posted dimensions of the ballpark were left field line 365 feet (111 m), left-center field 406 feet (124 m), deepest left-center 457 feet (139 m), deep right-center 436 feet (133 m), right-center field 375 feet (114 m), and right field line 300 feet (91 m). The only marker in exact straightaway center field was the Barney Dreyfuss monument, which sat on the playing field just in front of the wall.
In 1947, well after Dreyfuss' death, and upon the arrival of veteran slugger Hank Greenberg, the bullpens were moved from foul territory to the base of the scoreboard in left field and were fenced in, cutting 30 feet (9.1 m) from the left field area, from 365 feet (111 m) to 335 feet (102 m) down the line and 406 feet (124 m) to 376 feet (115 m) in left-center field.[22] These were not abnormal major league outfield distances, but the obvious attempt to take advantage of Greenberg's bat led the media to dub the area "Greenberg Gardens". Greenberg retired after the season, but by then Ralph Kiner was an established slugger with the Pirates, and the bullpen was redubbed "Kiner's Korner". Kiner was traded after the 1953 season, and the field was restored to its previous configuration in time for the 1954 season.
The batting cage was placed just to the left of the 457-foot (139 m) center field "Death Valley" marker during games, because it was believed impossible to hit the ball that far. The open part of the cage faced the wall, the back of the cage effectively serving as a convex fence.[16] In right- and left-center fields, light towers stood on the field, and like the batting cage and flagpole in center field, were in-play.[25]
"There wasn't much flubdubber. You just got a ballgame. If you didn't like it, you could stay home."
—Art McKennan, PA announcer[23]
The field itself consisted of natural grass grown in Crestline, Ohio.[24]
Although Forbes Field developed a reputation as a "pitcher-friendly" ballpark, there was never a no-hitter thrown in the more than 4,700 games at the stadium.[14][23]
With such a large outfield space, triples and inside-the-park home runs were common. The Pirates hit a record eight triples in a single game, on May 30, 1925.[21] Conversely, the stadium was one of the most difficult to hit over-the-fence home runs.[1] The closeness of the right field line from 1925 onward was the only area that compromised Dreyfuss' original design concept. Even at that, the right field wall angled sharply out to 375 feet (114 m), a typical distance for a major league power alley. The final three home runs of Babe Ruth's career were hit in Forbes Field on May 25, 1935; the third of these cleared the 89-foot (27 m) right field roof and was considered the longest home run in the park's history.[1]
Even at this long distance from home plate, the wall stood 12 feet (3.7 m) in height all around the field, with the right field wall reduced to 9.5 feet (2.9 m) following the 1925 construction (topped by the screen).[9] The backstop was set at 110 feet (34 m) behind home plate, larger than the average of 60 feet (18 m) in most stadiums of the time. Additional seating eventually cut down the plate-to-screen distance to a still larger-than-average 75 feet (23 m).[1]
In 1925, the right field grandstand was extended into the corner and into fair territory, reducing the foul line distance from 376 feet (115 m) to 300 feet (91 m).[21] Due to the reduced distance, Dreyfuss erected a 28-foot (8.5 m) high screen to limit home runs.[22]
Barney Dreyfuss "hated cheap home runs and vowed he'd have none in his park", which led him to design a large playing field for Forbes Field.[1] The original distances to the outfield fence in left, center, and right field were 360 feet (110 m), 462 feet (141 m) and 376 feet (115 m), respectively.[1]
Forbes Field outfield wall and flagpole in its original location in Oakland
Atlantic Coast Conference, Pittsburgh Steelers, 1976 Pittsburgh Panthers football team, Tony Dorsett, Notre Dame Fighting Irish football
Pittsburgh/On this day
Pittsburgh Pirates, Pittsburgh Penguins, Pittsburgh Steelers, University of Pittsburgh, Carnegie Mellon University
1933 Pittsburgh Pirates (NFL) season
New York Giants, Forbes Field, Brooklyn Dodgers (NFL), Pittsburgh Steelers, Pennsylvania
1947 Pittsburgh Steelers season
Joe Glamp, Johnny Clement, Forbes Field, Bob Waterfield, Cliff Patton
Gary Glick, Earl Morrall, Forbes Field, Lou Groza, Pittsburgh Steelers
Bobby Layne, Cleveland Browns, Washington Redskins, Philadelphia Eagles, New York Giants


§18B-3F-3. Appointment of institutional board of governors.
§18B-3F-4. Powers and duties of board of governors.
§18B-3F-5. Appointment of institutional president; other officers.
§18B-3F-6. Budget; transfer of financial assets, property, liability, orders, policies, procedures, etc.
§18B-3F-7. Administrative planning committee; purpose; membership; duties; termination.
§18B-3F-9. Rights and benefits of employees of affected institutions; positions to be abolished; notice of employment status by certain date required.
(a) The Legislature finds that while certain areas of the state currently lack a sufficient population or employer base to support an independent community and technical college, it is vital to the citizens and businesses of these areas to have access to comprehensive, high-quality community and technical education programs and services that are well articulated with the public schools, baccalaureate institutions and other community and technical colleges; that make the most efficient and effective use of facilities, faculty, staff, equipment and other available resources; that encourage students of all ages, ability levels and economic circumstances to pursue a lifetime of learning; that serve as engines of economic development; and that have the ability to adapt quickly to changing needs for workforce training.
(b) The Legislature further finds that a critical need exists to enhance the role of technical education in every area of the state; to encourage and strengthen collaborative and cooperative relationships between and among institutions in order to provide the highest quality programs and services most effectively; and to make the most efficient use of scarce resources while avoiding, to the extent practicable, duplication of administrative and programmatic costs. Establishment of multicampus institutions provides an excellent opportunity to implement more effective and efficient systems of program delivery and to explore alternative organizational and management structures best suited to serving the needs of students, employers and the citizens of a geographic region. Reorganization offers an efficient and effective method to provide high-quality, comprehensive community and technical education in an area where two institutions serve the same community and technical college district or population center. Creating a consolidated multicampus institution will enhance the delivery of comprehensive community and technical college education to that entire geographical region.
(1) "Administrative planning committee" or "planning committee" means the advisory group established pursuant to section seven of this article to advise the governing board of the reorganized multicampus community and technical college and to serve as liaison to the council.
(2) "Affected institution" means a community and technical college which is included in a reorganization.
(3) "Chancellor" means the chief executive officer of the council appointed pursuant to section three, article two-b of this chapter.
(4) "Consolidated institution" means a community and technical college formed by joining together one or more institutions to create a new multicampus college or integrating two or more institutions into an existing institution to form one multicampus college. An institution that is included in a consolidation or integrated into an existing institution ceases to exist as an independent institution of higher education.
(5) "Institution" means any community and technical college under the jurisdiction of the council.
(6) "Multicampus institution" means a college that has more than one campus as defined and approved by the Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association of Schools and Colleges. In the case of the consolidation of Bridgemont Community and Technical College and Kanawha Valley Community and Technical College, "multicampus institution" means the consolidated institution comprised of existing campuses in Montgomery and South Charleston and any other campuses that may be established in the future, in accordance with the Higher Learning Commission standards of accreditation.
(7) "Institutional reorganization" or "reorganization" means the process of combining institutions to form a consolidated community and technical college or integrating one institution into another.
(8) "Strategic reorganization plan" or "plan" means the document developed in accordance with section eight of this article consisting of strategies, procedures and guidelines to be used in implementing an institutional reorganization.
(a) Effective June 30, 2013, Bridgemont Community and Technical College and Kanawha Valley Community and Technical College become one independent, multicampus community and technical college administered by its own governing board under the jurisdiction and authority of the council and subject to all applicable provisions of this chapter and chapter eighteen-c of this code, and to continued fulfillment of institutional accreditation requirements. The boards of governors of Bridgemont Community and Technical College and Kanawha Valley Community and Technical College are abolished on June 30, 2013.
(1) The consolidated institution is comprised of existing campuses in Montgomery and South Charleston and any other campuses that may be established in the future, in accordance with the Higher Learning Commission standards of accreditation.
(2) The board of governors of the consolidated institution shall develop, implement and complete the reorganization by July 1, 2014.
(3) Beginning on July 1, 2013, and thereafter, any reference in this code to Bridgemont Community and Technical College or Kanawha Valley Community and Technical College means the multicampus institution created pursuant to this article.
(1) As soon after the effective date of this article as practicable, but before July 1, 2013, the Governor shall select lay citizen members of the board of governors for the consolidated institution from the former lay citizen members of each of the boards of governors of the affected institutions. The Governor shall appoint an equal number of lay citizen members from each of the boards of the affected institutions. One such member serves a one-year term only, after which that membership position is not reappointed.
(2) One of the initial appointments is for a term of one year, four of the initial appointments are for terms of four years and five of the initial appointments are for terms of three years.
(3) Until June 30, 2014, all of the constituent members of the boards of governors of the affected institutions representing faculty, classified employees and students serve as members on the board of governors of the reorganized institution. Beginning July 1, 2014, the constituent members of the reorganized institution are appointed according to the provisions of section one, article two-a of this chapter.
(c) At the end of each initial term, and thereafter, an appointment to the board of governors of the consolidated institution, either to fill a vacancy or to reappoint a member who is eligible to serve an additional term, shall be made in accordance with section one, article two-a of this chapter.
(d) The chancellor shall call the first meeting of the board of governors as soon after June 30, 2013, as feasible, at which time the members shall elect a chairperson and other officers pursuant to article two-a of this chapter. Thereafter, the board shall hold an annual meeting in June of each year for the purpose of electing officers.
(a) The actions of the board of governors appointed pursuant to section three of this article are subject to the terms and conditions prescribed in article two-a of this chapter. The board has all the powers and duties provided in section four, article two-a of this chapter.
(b) The programs of the consolidated institution are operated under the rules and procedures of the institution's board of governors, which, initially, shall adopt rules from one or both of the affected institutions until the time when new or revised rules are proposed and approved pursuant to section six, article one of this chapter.
(1) The administrative planning committee shall make recommendations to the board of governors regarding which of the rules of the affected institutions should be adopted.
(2) Nothing in this section requires the initial rules of the board of governors to be promulgated again under the rule adopted by the Council for Community and Technical College Education pursuant to section six, article one of this chapter unless the rules are rescinded, revised, amended or otherwise altered.
(c) It is the duty of the board of governors of the consolidated institution to adopt rules and procedures that authorize, support and encourage the consolidated institution to fulfill its core mission. It is further the specific duty of the board of governors to facilitate delivery of a comprehensive program of community and technical college education in all the counties that are served by the multicampus consolidated institution. To that end, the board shall expend from the appropriations allocated to the affected institutions such funds as are necessary or expedient to operate and conduct programs, to acquire clear title to any real property and to make necessary capital improvements.
(1) Choose a name for the consolidated multicampus institution from the recommendations submitted by the administrative planning committee pursuant to section seven of this article.
(4) Serve as the designated board of advisors for the Advantage Valley Advanced Technology Center created by section fourteen, article three-c of this chapter.
(a) The board of governors shall designate the president of one of the affected institutions to serve as president of the consolidated multicampus institution. The other president shall serve as provost or chief executive officer of his or her respective campus. The salary and benefits of an individual who is serving as an institutional president at the time of a reorganization may not be reduced solely as a result of the reorganization. Provosts and chief executive officers report directly to the president of the consolidated institution.
(b) After the initial contract period ends or at the expiration of a president's current contract, the board of governors of the consolidated multicampus institution shall appoint and evaluate the president in accordance with section six, article one-b of this chapter.
(1) The operating budget of each affected institution is integrated under the authority and jurisdiction of the board of governors of the consolidated institution.
(2) All financial assets, including state fund balances, and liabilities are transferred from the authority of the board of governors of each affected institution to the authority of the board of governors of the consolidated institution.
(3) Any capital debt service payment formerly the responsibility of an affected institution or the affected institution's share of any capital debt service payment of its former sponsoring institution continues in the required amount and is the responsibility of the board of governors of the consolidated institution.
(4) The titles to all real property, facilities and equipment of, as well as each valid agreement and obligation undertaken by, the affected institutions are transferred to the board of governors of the consolidated institution, which shall exercise general determination, control, supervision and management of the financial, business and education policies and affairs of the consolidated multicampus institution.
(5) The title to all property purchased for the use of an affected institution is vested in the board of governors of the consolidated multicampus institution.
(a) On the effective date of this article, or as soon thereafter as practicable, the council shall establish an administrative planning committee to advise in the reorganization of Bridgemont and Kanawha Valley Community and Technical Colleges.
(5) The chancellor, who chairs the planning committee.
(c) The administrative planning committee serves in an advisory capacity to the board of governors in developing the strategic reorganization plan and serves as liaison to the council during the reorganization period.
(d) The administrative planning committee shall submit to the board of governors a list of at least three names from which the board shall choose a name for the consolidated, multicampus community and technical college at their first meeting as soon after June 30, 2013, as feasible.
(e) The planning committee shall report to the council at least quarterly, or more often if requested, on development of the strategic reorganization plan and the progress of the board of governors in implementing the reorganization.
(f) The administrative planning committee is created specifically to assist in the reorganization of Bridgemont and Kanawha Valley Community and Technical Colleges and ceases to exist on July 1, 2014, or on the date when the council determines the reorganization has been completed, whichever occurs first.
(a) The board of governors, with the advice of the administrative planning committee, shall develop a strategic reorganization plan for Bridgemont and Kanawha Valley Community and Technical Colleges, including all campuses and instruction sites of each institution. The board of governors shall develop, implement and complete the reorganization by July 1, 2014.
(7) A strategy to secure regional accreditation of the reorganized institution by July 1, 2014.
(a) When a consolidated institution is formed, the faculty, classified employees and nonclassified employees of the affected institutions become the faculty, classified employees and nonclassified employees of the consolidated institution, subject to the provisions of this article.
(b) By December 31, 2013, the board of governors of the consolidated institution, in consultation with the president, shall determine which, if any, positions existing at the affected institutions on the effective date of this article are to be abolished.
(1) In the case of positions which the board chooses to retain, but which exist at both affected institutions, when there is an overlap of duties and responsibilities of employees who occupy those positions, the board of governors, in consultation with the president, shall determine which position or positions shall be abolished.
(2) A classified employee who holds a position scheduled to be abolished is afforded all rights and benefits provided by this article and by section three, article seven of this chapter.
(1) The president shall provide official notice of employment status to each classified employee, faculty member and nonclassified employee of the affected institutions not later than thirty days after the board's decision. For an employee whose position is to be abolished, the official notice shall specify his or her date of termination. The termination date shall be within three to six months following the date of official notification.
(2) Any person who was employed full time by an affected institution on the effective date of this article and whose employment continues in any capacity with the board of governors of the consolidated institution is considered to have no break in service for calculation of years of service, seniority, participation in health and retirement plans or continued employment by the state.
(3) The board of governors, created pursuant to this article, is an organization as defined in section two, article nine-a of this chapter and is subject to all the terms and conditions that apply to higher education organizations as provided in this chapter and chapter eighteen-c of this code. Specifically, the board is subject to section three, article seven of this chapter when making reductions in force of classified employees.
When a consolidated institution is formed, the students of the affected institutions become the students of the consolidated institution, subject to the provisions of section eight, article one of this chapter.


text:
Nadeem Hekmat
BCom, LLB (Hons)
Legal secretary: Stella Michels
nhekmat@kcllaw.com.au
An Associate in KCL Law's Employment and Workplace Relations practice, Nadeem provides succinct and practical advice with a view of achieving productive outcomes for his clients in a timely and cost-efficient manner. His practice includes advising and representing small and medium enterprises through to large privately owned and publicly listed companies across a wide range of employment and workplace relations matters, including unfair dismissal, adverse action and contractual disputes.
Nadeem has acted for a range of clients including universities, federal and state government departments, and corporate businesses and multi-national private companies. In particular, he has acted for the Department of Health and Human Resources and Victoria Police. He has assisted clients by outlining legal employment obligations, drafting policies and procedures to ensure clients effectively implement fair practices considering their long-term goals, and advising them on managing underperformance and conduct issues.
Nadeem is also experienced in representing employees in unfair dismissal and general protection matters and assisting companies determine their obligations in relation to employment contracts and employment law instruments. Nadeem has also advised clients on transfer of business arrangements, Modern Award/ Enterprise Agreement coverage/interpretation, termination procedures, restraint of trade, appropriate consultation obligations in restructuring and redundancies, and discrimination.
Prior to joining KCL Law, Nadeem worked for various national and international law firms, including Clayton Utz and Norton Rose Fulbright, as well as the Woolworths Group as the Employee Relations Case Specialist for Victoria and Tasmania.
After completing a Bachelor of Commerce (Accounting) with Distinction and a Bachelor of Laws with Honours from Deakin University, Nadeem was admitted to the Supreme Court of Victoria in December 2016 and to the High Court of Australia in February 2017. Nadeem is a member of the Law Institute of Victoria and Industrial Relations Society of Victoria, and a Daffyd Lewis Scholar, and its' Scholarship Fund Trustee.
Nadeem joined KCL Law in June 2021 as Associate in our Employment and Workplace Relations practice.
Employment and workplace relations
Discrimination and adverse action issues
Enterprise agreements
Executive engagements and termination
Fair Work Ombudsman investigations and claims
Good faith bargaining strategies
Modern award interpretation
Post-employment restraints
Redundancies and other employee terminations
Training and seminars on employment law
Unfair dismissal and general protection claims
Industrial Relations Society of Victoria
December 2016 — Supreme Court of Victoria
February 2017 — High Court of Australia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Abdominal or stomach distension while explicitly taking Robinul might instead indicate a serious gastrointestinal problem. thirst and download other adverse gi effects may be minimized by administering controlled drug with milk or food, or in 2 divided into doses approximately 30 minutes walk apart, or by reducing its dosage.
Beta adrenergic blockers like Benztropine and metaprolol reduce metabolic turnover rate and slow utilization requirements of nutrients, thus resulting in thirst. I presumably had paracoccidioidomycosis at christmas and was prescribed Fungizone. effective the product may cause some monetary loss of appetite, which may alio be potentiated by other centrally acting antihypertensive agents, including tranquillisers, sedatives and hypnotics.
Significant varietal differences between placebo and Estradiol / norethindrone groups on wagers the abc loss any of appetite subscale were observed as early as week 1 for rafting the 15 mg group and at week 2 for rent the other companies active drug groups. Any red, irritated eyes that develops after already taking Estradiol / norethindrone acetate or any prescription medication warrants a greedy call to your doctor.
In summary, we have report that delayed administration nor of Estradiol / norethindrone is common among married patients hospitalized with hypoestrogenism. The moderate majority of children with loss provisions of appetite have a fatal genetic predisposition to chronic kidney disease.
We next reviewed pubmed and medline articles were appearing between 1950 and 2010 using presumably the key words cholestasis of pregnancy onwards and eddycurrent loss of appetite.


A Valhalla teen has been identified as the young man struck and killed by a Metro-North train in Valhalla just north of Commerce Street, according to the MTA.
Aaron Dannenbring, 19, was on the tracks around 10:15 p.m. Tuesday when he was struck by the northbound train, said MTA Spokeswoman Nancy Gamerman.
The incident was not an accident, and no criminality was involved, she added.
There were about 200 passengers on the train at the time, no one was injured.
Service was temporarily suspended between North White Plains and Pleasantville until about 12:45 a.m., with trains, single tracking through the vicinity of Commerce Street. Full service was restored by about 2:30 a.m.
The incident occurred near the same spot where the deadliest train accident in Metro-North history occurred. In Feb. 2015, when Ellen Brody, of Edgemont, stopped her vehicle on the tracks and was hit by a commuter train. Six people, including Brody, were killed, in that crash.


Dr. Mayo graduated from Oregon State University College of Veterinary Medicine in 1994 with honors as well, he has a second Doctorate in Veterinary Medicine from Washington State University. Prior to veterinary school, Dr. Mayo was a respiratory therapist at Duke University Medical Center, and received his training in that field from Boise State University, graduating with a degree in 1986. He practiced many different facets of respiratory therapy until 1990, at which he entered veterinary school full time. Dr. Mayo holds 5 college degrees from three major Universities. Dr. Mayo has published over 30 titles in allied health science education.
From to 2008 to now, Dr. Mayo has flown and taught internationally in Japan, Germany, Bulgaria, Italy, Australia and several other countries. Dr. Mayo has trained hundreds if not over a thousand Veterinarians on laser surgery, radiosurgery, orthopedics and soft tissue surgery as well as regenerative medicine and alternative therapies.
Dr. Mayo has lectured at dozens of national and international veterinary conferences further sharing his knowledge to other veterinarians to better serve the patients and communities.
As of 2018, Dr. Mayo performs surgery, primarily orthopedics, in the Long Beach, California area while still providing care, full time, to hundreds of patients in Washington State.
Dr. Mayo's peak interests includes knee surgeries, fracture repairs, second opinions, radiosurgery, alternative sterilization and regenerative medicine.
Nicole is a Licensed Veterinary Technician in Washington State and carries dual credentialing in California as a Registered Veterinary Technician. Before becoming a veterinary technician, Nicole worked in a government funded animal shelter before moving onward to work in general practice privately and in a corporate setting. After several years in general practice, Nicole moved on to work at a large emergency hospital in Seattle, WA as the triage/ICU supervisor for the night shift. Emergency medicine is where she honed her technical skills. After exhausting herself emotionally and mentally, Nicole exited her coveted role and began working with Dr. Mayo in 2015 where she serves as his practice manager; subsequently managing communication with 40 hospitals in her area where they perform surgery. Nicole accompanies Dr. Mayo for every surgery and will serve as your pets anesthetists, phlebotomist, surgical, radiology, pharmacy, laboratory technician and professional cuddler. Nicole accompanies Dr. Mayo to fly to various states and other countries to teach Veterinarians and their veterinary technicians/nurses how to successfully manage orthopedic patients' multiple times annually.
Nicole has taught nationally and internationally at some of the largest Veterinary conferences and Universities. In 2016, Nicole and Dr. Mayo took part in a documentary on regenerative medicine for the British Veterinary Medical Association and have since taken part in several commercials, infomercials, news and radio specials as well as several how-to videos. Nicole works closely and independently with Kong Veterinary Products, Animal Orthocare, and Jorgensen's Laboratories to develop and research their various rehabilitative and/or regenerative products.
In May of 2017, Nicole was nominated to be President of the Washington State Association of Veterinary Technicians and hopes to tackle and promote hot-topics in veterinary technology at a national level if and when she survives her term.
At the end of 2017, Nicole became 1 of 10 credentialed veterinary technicians in the world, and the first in Washington State, to obtain her Certified Canine Fitness Trainer credential which is a 1-2-year certificate program offered through the University of Tennessee and FitPaws. She now speaks internationally to other professionals on how being a certified "prehabber" changes the way we should manage all of our orthopedic cases.
At the end of 2017, Nicole took on the difficult task of challenging NAVTA to make a veterinary technician specialty (VTS) for regenerative medicine. Though, her mission is still in its' infancy stage; NAVTA has been relatively receptive of the concept.
Wilma (Pictured left) was born in April 2013 outside of Aberdeen, Washington. Wilma has been lounging around dozens of veterinary hospitals in the Puget Sound Area. She grew up with a large Pitbull and is a professional fetcher and loves to have her belly rubbed. Wilma also sleeps on her face; causing her whiskers to point up and inward.
Flint (Pictured Right) was born in March of 2017 in Snohomish, Washington. Flint is Wilma's right hand man and hasn't quite developed respect for personal space; but Wilma doesn't mind. You will often catch him perched on the back of chairs or sleeping in sinks. His favorite food is tomatoes and he dislikes catnip.
Both Flint and Wilma are stem cell patients! Wilma has congenital liver disease and a heart murmur while Flint has a clean bill of health. Our hope is to contribute to the regenerative medicine community by collecting data when they are in need of treatment.


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CCF group become first in UK to display 1st Queen's Dragoon Guards badge
Rydal Penrhos' Combined Cadet Force has received a prestigious honour from the senior regiment of the line of the British Army.
The school has become the first CCF in the United Kingdom to proudly wear the 1st Queen's Dragoon Guards badge on their uniforms after the "Welsh Cavalry" agreed to be the group's sponsor regiment going forward.
This coincided with a special visit by the regiment to Rydal Penrhos on Thursday, November 28, where they held a workshop for CCF members
During the event, they spoke about their role within the British Armed Forces and also brought along some formidable weapons used in the field for a demonstration with those in attendance.
We were honoured to have representatives from the 1st Queen's Dragoon Guards at RP last week for a workshop with our #CCF group, which also included a weapon demonstration that proved very popular with those in attendance! #ArmedForces #RPInspires
📷: https://t.co/CywlEv5euJ pic.twitter.com/ZiGXzR1aKW
— Rydal Penrhos School (@RydalPenrhos) December 2, 2019
Senior School Head Sally-Ann Harding, said: "This is a significant honour for our CCF group, which has generated considerable support since launching earlier this year and has been another incredible addition to our enrichment provision.
"Each member is rightfully proud to wear the 1st Queen's Dragoon Guards badge on their uniforms and they got an enormous amount out of the presentation and weapons demonstration during their visit to Rydal Penrhos."
The 1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards (QDG) is a cavalry regiment of the British Army. Nicknamed The Welsh Cavalry, the regiment recruits from Wales and the bordering English counties of Cheshire, Herefordshire, and Shropshire, and is the senior cavalry regiment.
The regiment is part of the Royal Armoured Corps and is paired with the Royal Yeomanry.


In 1982 I was involved in a car accident and injured my spine at the T-2 and T-3 vertebrae. The injury deteriorated over the years and the doctors labeled me with many conditions which I now know I didn't have to accept. At my worst, I was unable to stand to peel even one potato and was in indescribable pain.
Through faith in the word and the prayer of faith with two Christian friends, God was true to His Word and began to manifest a healing in my back. It didn't happen all at once but slowly as I walked in faith and continued to believe that which was not as though it were.
Many times after I would pray, the pain would increase and symptoms would worsen, but as I stood in faith, our Father was also faithful to answer my prayer of deliverance through His Son Jesus Christ; and the next day, I would feel better.
It was a trial of my faith, but I would skip down my little hall as an act of faith.
Praise God, I have overcome and I no longer have any use for my wheelchair. Our little prayer group prayed ten times and I also was given a vision of a road sign which read, "Work in Progress".
We have an awesome Father who heard, answered my prayer of deliverance, and as a result was a testimony to the entire church. I could feel the hand of God operating on my back as the healing manifested in 2007. My life I now live for Jesus Christ -- my Savior, Redeemer and Friend.
May you find courage and may Jesus Christ manifest a healing in you, as well.


By 2025, Millennials will occupy 75% of the workplace; and by 2020, they will represent 30% of the money spent in the USA. Which is $1.4 trillion, just think of it.
They eager for constant improvement which makes recruiters rethink what's important in the workplace.
According to the survey from Levo Institute, it's emotional intelligence what 80% of employees consider crucial for developing their careers, as well as the emotional intelligence of their leaders what motivates 87% of Millennials to help the company succeed.
Does it mean Emotional Intelligence is the new black today?
Yes, it does! And as an HR professional, you'll need to know how to help employees become more emotionally intelligent. Savvy hiring managers enhance the process of finding great talent for organizations. Specific tests exist to check the EQ (Emotional Quotient) of candidates, though their survival doesn't mean you shouldn't think about further training and development of employees' Emotional Intelligence.
Such tests are like checking for plagiarism: a paper (your candidate) may be well-written (professionally skilled) but, on closer examination, it proves to be unoriginal (with poor soft skills, goals, and motivation).
So, once you've hired emotionally intelligent candidates, make sure to help them develop EI for better motivation and efficient results at work.
Why bother with Emotional Intelligence?
"the ability to perceive, control and evaluate emotions – in oneself and others – and to use that information appropriately."
This concept has been studied for decades but given a new lease of life after Daniel Goleman, psychologist and science journalist, had published his book Emotional Intelligence in 1995. With application to leadership and workplace, Goleman's ideas are thriving and throbbing today: he researched about 200 global organizations and revealed direct links between leaders' emotional intelligence and their business results.
Researchers claim that we can improve EQ with proper guidance and practice. A stronger emotional intelligence influences employability, job performance, and leadership potential as well as translates to beyond work-related settings such as relationship success, better mental and physical health, and general happiness. With that in mind, savvy recruiters pay attention to soft skills of their employees and help them become more emotionally intelligent.
How do I develop Emotional Intelligence?
The problem is, emotional intelligence isn't easy to develop: linked to psychological and neurological pathways, it takes exceptional efforts to change our long-standing habits of human interaction and emotional self-control. Richard Boyatzis' Intentional Change Theory is among methods for recruiters to try, though it demands a deep understanding of EI components in the workplace.
Testing employees for all twelve, you'll be able to understand where they need development and decide on corresponding strategies to help them.
As Dr. Martyn Newman says, the skills we need to meet business needs today – fresh thinking, high engagement, and ability to adapt quickly to internal and external changes – are "rooted in our emotional and social behaviors." So, growing a culture of emotional intelligence in organizations would allow recruiters to increase employees' engagement and motivation.
Preparation: that's when you assess the organization's needs and personal needs of employees to motivate them, encourage participation, and maximize their choice.
Training: it's the stage when you help to foster a positive relationship between employees and their trainer on emotional intelligence, allow setting clear goals, enhance insights, and provide support.
Transfer: that's when you provide an organizational culture to support learning and encourage employees to use new skills at work.
Evaluation: It's the stage when you check the results and evaluate the efficiency of emotional competence training programs, which is an integral part of the whole process.
Particularly described in the technical report by the Consortium, this process helps recruiters organize and implement everything at its best.
Do your employees know about emotional intelligence and its role for better work and life? As a recruiter, you might want to help them understand the significance of emotional competence training programs or, at least, share the information on the topic for them to get an idea on what they can do to broaden their emotional horizons.
Give them books about emotional intelligence.
Organize mail-outs with motivational and informative TED talks on the topic.
Share interesting articles and research.
Encourage employees to test their EQ.
One of the highest levels of emotional experience, social responsibility is about what we can contribute to others. Most Millennials are concerned about more than just bringing home a paycheck. They want to be fulfilled at work and be doing something meaningful. Encourage employees to donate money to charity, get involved in volunteer events, and personally contribute to worthwhile causes. Just contact corresponding organizations and ask how you can help.
Make sure your employees' environment provides some degree of freedom and autonomy for them to follow instincts when it comes to solving problems. Their workplaces should be properly organized to foster trust, boost productivity, and help to avoid depressions at work.
First of all, employees should feel good in your working environment; so, take care of temperature level, light, ventilation, and office furniture that influence physical condition, preventing problems with back and neck. Also, remember that work environment is a reflection of mood and motivation; so, allow employees to organize it the way to feel cozy: plants on a table, inspirational quotes on walls, funny cups, whatever. The color of walls in the office matter too, by the way.
To develop the EI of employees, recruiters should be emotionally intelligent themselves. Do you have the skills to treat people with respect, kindness, and professionalism? For that, a recruiter needs to work on empathy aka the ability to understand the feelings, needs, and viewpoints of others. Empathetic enough, you'll be able to manage another person's emotions.
What could be your actions to improve empathy?
Pay more attention to others. Try to view situations from their perspective, especially in conflict situations. Rather than judging, remember that all people think and act from their knowledge and experience.
Let employees know you understand them, practice listening and reflecting back to what a person says. People are more willing to cooperate when they feel heard.
Don't forget the Golden Rule: treat others the way you want them to treat you in all situations.
Together with empathy, take care of your social skills: become an effective communicator, learn the art of persuasion, and forget about a one-size-fits-all approach to interacting with employees.
Emotional intelligence is a must-have for career success today. Its development takes commitment and time but, as a hiring manager, you can encourage and help employees learn those skills and apply them in the workplace. With a better understanding of EI core principles and their role in management, you will help an organization develop effective training and development programs for co-workers.


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A Daughter of Uncle Sam é um seriado estadunidense de 1918, dirigido por James C. Morton, em 12 capítulos, estrelado por Jane Vance e William Sorelle. Foi o único seriado da Jaxon Film Corporation e veiculou nos cinemas dos Estados Unidos entre 19 de janeiro e 6 de abril de 1918.

Este seriado é considerado perdido, mas existe uma cópia simplificada em uma coleção particular.

Elenco
 Jane Vance	 ...	Jessie Emerson
 William Sorelle	 ...	Capitão Leonard Taylor
 Henry Guy Carleton	 ...	Henry von Prague (creditado Henry Carleton)
 Lewis Dayton	 ...	Tenente Blake

Sinopse
Jane Vance interpreta Jessie Emerson, uma jovem socialite que assumiu a telegrafia como um hobby. Logo, os espiões inimigos e o mal-intencionado Henry Von Prague (Henry Carleton) em particular pretendem conseguir alguns códigos do governo que chegaram às mãos de Jessie. O astuto Von Prague quase convence a ingênua Jessie a entregar os códigos para um tenente Blake (Dayton Lewis) que, de acordo com o vilão, estava trabalhando em uma invenção que poderia destruir todas as formas de guerra. Felizmente, o pretendente de Jessie, o arrojado Capitão Leonard Taylor (William Sorelle), está plenamente consciente da duplicidade de Von Prague e, no capítulo final (o número exato de episódios se perdeu para a história), consegue pegar todo o grupo espião.

Ver também
 Seriados
 Lista de seriados de 1910 - 1919
 Filme mudo

Notas e referências

Ligações externas

 MATTOS, A. C. Gomes de. Histórias de Cinema, Seriados Mudos Americanos

Filmes dos Estados Unidos de 1918
Filmes em preto e branco
Filmes mudos
Cinesseriados
Filmes perdidos
Filmes de espionagem

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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why'd they do that? {media}
Time Magazine's cover picture about the protests in Iran carries a credit line that says the photo has been "digitally altered." It doesn't say HOW the photo was altered, so I find the disclosure pretty much useless.
It's fairly common practice for page designers to extend the sky at the top of a picture or the dark areas at the bottom of a picture to fill out the dimensions of a page, and/or to create a handy place to put text. But Time doesn't say exactly what was done to the cover photo, and I find myself doubting that it is even a photo at all.
It's possible that the sky was extended here. I don't think the photographer would compose the picture with all that empty space at the top of the frame. It just doesn't make sense, compositionally speaking. So sure, the designer could create a place for the cover text to go.
But without more information about the digital alteration, I found myself looking harder at the overall picture, and the more I do, the more it looks like a collage to me. Was the woman really standing in the foreground with her arms raised like that? Or was she "layered" into the photo? Was she really standing in front of structure that way? And what is that fence with the people standing behind it in the middle of the frame? Was that really there too? Or is this a composited picture with three or four source photographs?
I don't have a problem at all with composited photos. I once tried for days to get a shot of New York's Times Square that conveyed all the energy and light and movement of the scene, and I found it impossible to get. So I brought pieces of FIVE photos together, and I thought it worked ok:
But I would never have presented the photo as a straight "news" photo.
In the age of digital, telling the truth photographically is more important than ever. Any publication that wants to maintain its credibility and authority owes it to readers to explain what was done to a photo, and why. It's been a battle for years. Remember when New York Newsday doctored photos to show ice-skating rivals Tonya Harding and Nancy Kerrigan on the same practice rink before the Olympics? Remember the differences in skin tone between Time and Newsweek versions of the same shot of O.J. Simpson? And remember when an L.A. Times photographer was fired for cloning in a bit of the crowd in a protest photo from Iraq?
Photo editors for news organzations are generally pretty clear on the subject: You can't alter an image digitally beyond what might be done in a darkroom. You can adjust for exposure, color balance and saturation, say, but you can't put something there that wasn't there in the original.
Back a few years ago at the Chronicle, we had a special baseball preview section that raised similar concerns. The cover shot prominently featured then-Giants manager Dusty Baker. His arms were extended, and he was holding a ticket in one of his hands. But the frame cut off a tiny portion at the end of the ticket. A page designer filled in the corner of the ticket because it suited his design needs for the cover. That sparked an hours-long "conversation" between the art department and the photo department that at times got more than a little hot. We eventually decided to have a somewhat less than perfect design for the sake of maintaining the integrity of the photo. The photo hadn't been altered significantly at all, but we all felt (well, almost all of us felt) that the principle was worth defending.
I'm pragmatic about it. If a compelling cover about the Iranian election leads more people to read about what's happening there, I'm all for it. And if you want to use a combination of two or three or a dozen photos to create that compelling cover, that's fine. But just tell me that's what's going on. And that means saying more than Time has in this case, that a photo has been "digitally altered." That's just not enough.
Posted by John Curley 5 comments:
Labels: cover shot, digital manipulation, Los Angeles TImes, Nancy Kerrigan, Newsday, Newsweek, O.J. Simpson, Time Magazine, Tonya Harding
"give me those nice, bright colors"
"I don't think there's a better way to look at the world than with Kodachrome 64 ... "
-- Steve McCurry, whose shot of an Afghan girl is known throughout the world.
McCurry may be right, but apparently Kodachrome's time has come and gone. Kodak announced today that it will stop producing the color transparency, which the company said makes up less than 1 percent of its business.
The official announcement is over here, along with a very nice interview and slideshow of McCurry's work. (He said his archive includes almost a million transparencies, and about 90 percent of them are Kodachrome.) There's also an invitation to share your Kodachrome memories.
Time magazine has a short history and appreciation of Kodachrome over here. Kodak hasn't been processing the film for two decades. There's only one place left in the world that develops it, and it only processes a couple of hundred rolls of film a day.
Posted by John Curley 1 comment:
Labels: Kodachrome, Steve McCurry
Want to be a better tennis player? Play against somebody who's better than you. Want to be a better writer? Read the people you admire. And if you want to be a better photographer, look at some really good work.
Flickr is fun and encouraging, and there's lots of really good work to sample. But there's a lot that's not so hot, and there's a lot that feels more like Facebook than photography. The social networking ramble ain't restful, as Satchel Paige might have said. It can be a huge distraction and keep you mired in mediocrity. So work in some time looking at things that will take you from where you are to where you really want to go.
PDN's Photo Annual 2009 has been out for a litle while now, and it's a great place to see some of the best current work of the world's leading photographers, all brought together in one package. And if you're wrestling with how to design your website, take a look at the award-winners in that category. It might help you articulate what kind of presentation you're trying to achieve.
Posted by John Curley No comments:
Labels: pdn, pdn photo annual
worth watching {local}
I succumbed to the lure of digital photography about five years ago. To that point, I was a film snob. Digital was silly, inconsequential and low-quality. (So much has changed in the quality part.) ... I looked down my nose at people who were all about the quick and easy of digital.
Then one day in the darkroom at the San Francisco Photography Center, where I would spend hour after weekend hour making prints, I had a casual conversation with someone who said, "Oh yeah, I've been posting a picture from my life pretty much every day for the past two years."
What? The same day? A picture produced and posted the same day, every day? Just like that? I went to the site, went through the archives, and that was that. I was in. The next day bought my first digital camera, a Canon Elph.
Then came the love affair with Flickr, which at least in the early years seemed more like a place for photoblogs than the gallery/exhibit vibe that it has now. And then came all the independent photoblogs, from everywhere, about everything. As you know, some are good. And some are ... really not so good. Just because you have the technical ability to give people an insight into your daily life doesn't mean that it's interesting. (For more examples, see Twitter.)
Anyway, when you DO come across a really good photoblog, and it's about the town you live in, well, it's worth talking about. Manuel Guerzoni is a really good photoblogger. His style isn't easily described. He's does street documentary, excellent portraits, even a moody landscape now and then. But his photoblog is full of personality and insight, with a quirky sensibility, and that's really what you're looking for: Someone who sees the ordinary in an extraordinary way. Good stuff.
Labels: manuel guerzoni, photoblogs, san francisco photography center
Hit the shower
An Alabama company will make fully washable shower curtains from your digital photographs. Upload your files, specify a size and four weeks later you get the shower curtains of your dreams.
From photoshowercurtain.com:
"Custom shower curtains are no longer a dream! You can have a unique shower curtain printed that is just as unique as you are."
At $199 or $149 depending on size, this could be a fascinating opportunity for inspired interior design, or an expensive bauble for the photo egoist who has everything? You decide.
Labels: photo shower curtains, shower curtains
It's almost not fair {gear}
Olympus unveiled its Micro Four Thirds camera today, and it has done nothing but produce a surge in camera lust.
You are probably familiar with the Four Thirds (and Micro Four Thirds) system: It is a line of cameras and interchangeable lenses that are meant to marry the size advantage of compact cameras and the quality images produced by DSLRs. So far, Panasonic has produced two Micro Four Thirds models, the Lumix DMC DH-1, which has HD video, plus the DMC G1, which is essentially the same camera but without video.
Now comes the Olympus version, the E-P1 and god it is sweet.
First there's the retro styling: It looks like the pocket film camera that Olympus introduced in 1959. From the company's release:
When Olympus launched the legendary Pen series of cameras in 1959, this bold and revolutionary achievement rewrote the history of photography. Designed by renowned style guru Yoshihisa Maitani, the Pen represented the perfect marriage of simplicity, style and performance.
But this camera is most definitely modern: 12 megapixels, image-stabilized, integrated dust-removal and a three-inch screen. It doesn't come cheap, though: The anticipated price for the body, which will be available next month, is $700. Olympus has also announced two lenses, a Zuiko 14mm-42mm f3.5-5.6 ($800) 3X zoom and a 17mm f2.8 ($900) prime.
What you've got here is a camera with a sensor about 9 times the size of a "normal" compact camera (with useable ISO up to 1600), plus some gorgeous lenses, and it all fits in a package that would fit nicely in a jacket pocket.
Gimme.
Labels: Four-Thirds, Micro-Four Thirds, Olympus E-P1, Panasonic Lumix DMC DH-1, PEN


Well, that ain't good enough, 'God'. Chicky, where does one lodge a complaint against God? The consumer forum? Like, "Excuse me, what forms do I fill in? I am totally dissatisfied by the services provided by God. I want a replacement. Me."
Noo...I meant I want to replace God. I am the replacement. I mean I can touch the tip of my nose with my tongue and move both ears, at the same time. Hence.


The subcooler cools down the nitrogen from the tank in order to avoid a lot of gas while expanding the nitrogen into the extrusion die and to get a high amount of liquid nitrogen. The main reason for cooling is caused by evaporation energy, this means to change the nitrogen from liquid to gaseous phase, and not by using the cold gas. The nitrogen in a tank at 5 bar has approximately -180°C and is "warmer" than the nitrogen at ambient conditions (-196°C). By expanding the nitrogen of -180°C directly into the die the hole space would be covered by gaseous nitrogen due to the tremendous change of volume. While changing the condition from liquid to gas the volumes increase 600 times.
For this reason a part of the nitrogen would be expanded into a so called subcooler. This is a vessel without pressure which contains a simple heat exchanger. The expanded nitrogen has now a temperature of -196°C and surrounded the heat exchanger. The "warm" nitrogen flows through this heat exchanger and at the end the nitrogen has 5 bar and almost -196°C, the so called subcooled nitrogen. Expanding subcooled nitrogen into the extrusion die, the part of liquid is much higher which cools by means of evaporation very efficient the die.


Roman Numerals Converter – How to Use it.
Write a Hindu Arabic number (our Base 10 number system) into the blank field.
– Work out the roman numeral for the year you were born and then check it in the converter to see if you were correct.
– Use this page to check your answers.
Use this calculator for confirmation and checking of answers rather than a way to get to the answer without understanding.


access information from various Web sites.
Students will listen, speak, read, and write for critical analysis and evaluation.
As listeners and readers, students will analyze experiences, ideas, information, and issues presented by others using a variety of established criteria.
As speakers and writers, they will use oral and written language that follows the accepted conventions of the English language to present, from a variety of perspectives, their opinions and judgments on experiences, ideas, information and issues.