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A Brief Historical Survey of Marian Devotion and Theology
by Fr. Peter Samuel Kucer, MSA
This book surveys the historical development of Marian belief and devotion by the Holy Spirit through the Church. How Mary was prepared and foreshadowed in the Old Testament is followed by her presence on earth as revealed in the New Testament. Then, the development of Marian doctrines and devotional practices is systematically presented. We begin by studying the early development of Marian theology in the Patristic age, which was followed by the Medieval flowering of Marian theology. Ecclesial discussions on Marian doctrine shortly before, during and after the Second Vatican Council are also presented. The subsequent three chapters focus on Marian doctrines in relationship to heresy and ecclesiology. The book ends by applying Marian belief to practice of the Catholic faith and with an appreciative gaze on Marian apparitions.
Paperback $19.99 | Kindle $9.99
Listen to "Episode 35: Cynthia Toolin-Wilson interviews Fr. Peter S. Kucer, MSA, author of A Brief Historical Survey of Marian Devotion (May 8, 2020)" on Spreaker.
TAKE A FREE MARIOLOGY COURSE WITH THIS BOOK
"Many Catholics have a devotion to our Blessed Mother. Of these, some of us have smatterings of concepts concerning Mary, but no systematic understanding of the whole tradition. Fr. Peter Kucer's new book is a remedy for this. Written in an easy-to-read manner for any thoughtful Christian, it is at the same time, a thorough, systematic presentation of the theology of Mariology. Kucer's book is full of wonderful, short, quotations from the Fathers of the Church up through writings of scholars of our times. Even if you generally think theology is over your head, you will be surprised by how much you will enjoy it." – Ronda Chervin, Ph.D., Professor of Philosophy, Holy Apostles College and Seminary, and author of Weeping with Jesus: A Journey from Grief to Hope (En Route, 2016).
"For lay folk and religious alike, Fr. Kucer's A Brief Historical Survey of Marian Devotion and Theologyprovides an excellent Scriptural and Theological foundation upon which to build. The discussion questions allow for a deep synthesis of the material, which in turn leads to a solid integration of basic yet thorough Mariology in the reader's memory and heart. Indeed, the book is packed with solid theology, philosophy, dogma, doctrine, history, devotions and apparitions. Deep but not overbearing, it's a book to go back to time and again." – Keith Berube, author of Mary, the Beloved (En Route Books & Media, 2016).
Fr. Peter Samuel Kucer, MSA, has produced quite a grand opus in his collection of works on Marian Devotion, Catholic Church History, East and South East Asian History, Catholic Apologetics, Protology and the Priesthood, Western Civilization and Political Science. Each of his books provides wisdom for the beginner and clarity for the educated. – Dr. Sebastian Mahfood, OP, Professor of Interdisciplinary Studies, Holy Apostles College & Seminary
Father Peter Samuel Kucer, MSA, STD is Academic Dean of On-campus Learning and Assistant Professor of Theology at Holy Apostles College and Seminary in Cromwell, CT. He received degrees from Middlebury College, Holy Apostles College and Seminary, the Dominican House of Studies, and the Catholic University of America. He is intent on putting his educational background at the service of the New Evangelization promoted by the recent popes.
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After being sidelined for two full seasons with knee issues, Jerick McKinnon made it through the entire season. He is the only running back on the team to remain healthy from Week 1 through the kickoff of the final game of the season.
But McKinnon simply did not have the same burst as he had before his injuries. He caught 27 passes in the first 15 games but did not become the dangerous pass-catcher out of the backfield Shanahan envisioned when the 49ers signed him.
The 49ers have JaMycal Hasty returning, and it seems likely the 49ers will go with a younger option as a third-down back next season.
RB Tevin Coleman
Tevin Coleman enters the final week of the season as the 49ers' seventh-leading rusher. His stat line consists of just 53 yards rushing on 28 carries.
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Running backs coach Bobby Turner is in a league by himself when it comes to scouring the college ranks to find under-the-radar players he can turn into strong NFL runners. He has done it with Matt Breida, Jeff Wilson Jr. and, even, Salvon Ahmed, whom the 49ers cut during training camp. Ahmed has averaged 4.2 yards a carry with the Miami Dolphins as an undrafted rookie.
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The point is, the 49ers do not have to invest much in the running back position when they have such an impressive track record of bringing in highly productive, low-cost talent.
CB Ahkello Witherspoon
USATSI
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Witherspoon's size and athleticism are undeniable. So, too, is his inability to consistently show up and perform with aggression.
Shanahan has not even tried to hide his frustration with Witherspoon over the past three seasons. It makes sense for both sides to move on.
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And it is possible Witherspoon could find an opportunity with the organization that hires 49ers defensive coordinator Robert Saleh as a head coach (Assuming, of course, that happens).
For the first time since what, Week 1, the 49ers injury list does not take up an entire tweet. Deebo Samuel and Tevin Coleman aren't listed on the injury report. San Francisco will have their full stable of backs for what feels like the first time this season. We're in December. It's been that type of year.
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The only player ruled out was K'Waun Williams, as he has a high-ankle sprain. His replacement, Emmanuel Moseley, is listed as questionable with a hamstring injury. Everyone else that's not on the injured reserve is good to go.
Shanahan wouldn't say who would fill in for Moseley, and why would he? The reporters tried to ask Shanahan during Zoom, and he did a masterful job of deflecting. It was hilarious. "Jason Verrett will be ready to go at all 11 positions." "I don't know, I forgot." Those were the quotes from Kyle when asked who could fill in for Moseley at nickel cornerback.
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The Bills are healthy, so the 49ers won't catch any breaks in that department. This game is the season, more or less. Win, and you're probably a week away from George Kittle and Jimmy Garoppolo coming back. Lose, and we talk NFL Draft. No pressure.
This entry was posted in Cheap San Francisco 49ers Jerseys, Cheap San Francisco 49ers Jerseys Authentic, San Francisco 49ers Jerseys, San Francisco 49ers Jerseys 2021 on January 4, 2021 by admin.
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The San Francisco 49ers have six games left this season with plenty of questions to answer at multiple positions. Let's go through each position to see if we'll have any answers by the end of the season.
The growing sense from the media over the past couple of weeks is that the 49ers are out on Jimmy Garoppolo. Then the question that's asked is who replaces him? That's led to a dog chasing its tail, so we're not going to talk about that. Let's assume the Niners don't win enough games, and Jimmy doesn't return this season. Do we see Josh Johnson? If the team signs Anthony Gordon, does he get a shot?
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The front office and fans know who Nick Mullens and C.J. Beathard are at this point. Last week, Kyle Shanahan said he contemplated playing Beathard: "There's a time I was like, 'Man, maybe we should just put in C.J. just to try to spark something,' to where I wouldn't consider that normally with Jimmy." Aside from their starter, the 49ers must figure out if the current quarterbacks in the building are guys they want around in the future.
A backup quarterback needs to be a player that could help your starter prepare and be a leader in more ways than what you see off the field.
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All signs seem to be pointing towards the 49ers rebuilding their quarterback room for 2021, and that process should begin with them bringing back a familiar face.
San Francisco appears to be ready to move on from Jimmy Garoppolo and his contract. Once they release or trade Garoppolo, the organization will be left without a quarterback under contract as the contracts of Nick Mullens and C.J. Beathard are set to expire following this season.
In recent weeks it has been reported that the 49ers vice president of player personnel, Adam Peters, has been scouting quarterbacks from Boise to Tuscaloosa. This has only increased the speculation that Garoppolo will be gone and that there will be a rookie quarterback coming in April for Kyle Shanahan to groom. This is a move that makes complete sense when you consider the upcoming decrease in the salary cap and the 49ers need to fill more than 15 spots on their active roster for next season.
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Mullens finished the game 24-of-38 for 247 yards, with one TD and two picks, averaging just 6.5 yards per attempt. What isn't shown in the stat line is how many bad throws Mullens made. The Saints could have picked him off at least three more times and if not for some circus catches by Brandon Aiyuk, Kendrick Bourne and Jordan Reed, Mullens' numbers would have been a lot worse.
"Really frustrating, I felt like I did a good of protecting the ball throughout the game," Mullens said. "Really frustrated with myself."
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The 25-year-old Mullens played well in the win over the New York Giants but has looked awful since. In his last three starts — all 49ers losses — Mullens is 64-of-99 for 738 yards, three touchdowns and five interceptions. His average QBR over the three contests is 26.4.
Sure, it doesn't help when your starting running back averages 1.5 yards per carry on 18 attempts, but Mullens' lack of arm strength makes it easy for opposing defense to crowd the line of scrimmage.
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The Saints blitzed with corner C.J. Gardner-Johnson often, and each time they did, Mullens looked like he was standing in front of a freight train. He was scared, defeated and knew the result wasn't going to be pretty.
Shanahan has his reasons for sticking with Mullens with Jimmy Garoppolo sidelined. C.J. Beathard isn't the long-term answer and has his limitations, but why not give him the start when the 49ers return from their BYE Week to take on the Los Angeles Rams?
It will help to have Raheem Mostert or Tevin Coleman back in the lineup, but at this point how can Shanahan trust that Mullens will be able to lead the team to a win over a quality opponent? Mullens is 4-8 as a starter and has only beaten a team with a record above .500 once in his career, that came in 2018 against the Seattle Seahawks.
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Missing so many skill-position players has been gutting for the Niners, but Mullens' performance against New Orleans was inexcusable. The game was there for the taking due to the defense, but the offense couldn't make a play to support them, and that falls on the quarterback.
We don't know yet if Garoppolo will return this season, but with San Francisco's playoff hopes hanging on by a thread, it might be time to roll with Beathard if Jimmy G is done for the year.
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Q: ng-blur the model's updated value is not avaiable in event I am using the ng-model-options to prevent my text input's model from being updated until the focus is lost.  That part all works.  However, I need to handle the event after the text input loses focus and the model is updated. In that event I need access to the NEW model's updated value, not the old one.
I am trying to use the ng-blur event, however, inside my handler the value is the old value, not the new value entered.  Am I doing something wrong or is there a better way to get the newly committed model value after the text input loses focus?
<input type="text"
ng-model-options="{ updateOn: 'blur', debounce:0 }"
ng-model="vm.myModel.amount"
ng-blur="vm.handleBlurEvent(vm.myModel.amount)" />

vm.handleBlurEvent = function(item)
{
            //alert(item.amount); //Old amount - not new amount entered
}

A: I don't have better luck with debounce yet
but to make your things working here is the code
<form name="amountForm" >
     <input type="text" name="amount"
     ng-model-options="{ updateOn: 'blur', debounce:0 }"
     ng-model="vm.myModel.amount"
     ng-blur="vm.handleBlurEvent()" />
</form>

vm.handleBlurEvent = function()
{
     alert($scope.amountForm.amount.$viewValue);
}

enjoy...

A: Thanks for those suggestions.  I actually managed to get this to work by adding 1 option to the updateOn property of ng-model-options.  By adding in 'default' everything worked!
ng-model-options = "{updateOn: 'default blur}" was the trick.
<input type="text"
ng-model-options="{ updateOn: 'default blur' }"
ng-model="vm.myModel.amount"
ng-blur="vm.handleBlurEvent(vm.myModel.amount)" />

vm.handleBlurEvent = function(item)
{
            //alert(item.amount); //new shows the NEW amount :-)
}

A: This is reworked from previous response by user1750537, delay the model update until control blur and then process the change once, no de-bounce required and the model value will be set before your change logic as expected.
<input type="text"
ng-model-options="{ updateOn: 'blur' }"
ng-model="vm.myModel.amount"
ng-change="vm.handleChangeEvent(vm.myModel.amount)" />

vm.handleChangeEvent = function(item)
{
   alert(item.amount); //new shows the NEW amount :-)
}

A: Old question but I've found another way to read this value, I couldn't remove debounce with delay and what worked for me was using timeout:
  $timeout(function(){
    var amount = this.formName.amount.value;
  });

I think this = ngModelController in above code.

A: How about using a watch?
You can do your logic once the model is updated like this:
 $scope.$watch('vm.myModel.amount', function (newVal, oldVal) {
        if (newVal != oldVal) {
         //do your logic here.
        }
    }, true);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
The News Editorial: Be informed and be sure to vote
Tuesday voters head to the polls to decide party nominations for several important races locally and statewide.
Perhaps the most interesting and most important races locally in this primary are the Republican bid for U.S. Senate and State Senate District 20.
Cynthia Lummis, who has served Wyoming in a multitude of positions is seeking to head back to Washington, D.C., after retiring in 2016 from the U.S. House. Probably her top challenger is Converse County Commissioner Robert Short but Deborah Rice has been a familiar face in the Big Horn Basin on the campaign trail.
When Lummis announced she was probably thought to be the shoo-in on name recognition alone but looking at political signs around here, Short will be giving her a close run. Short and Rice appeared in person at last week's meet the candidates night sponsored by the Worland Business and Professional Women's Organization. Both had strong support. It will be an interesting race.
There are also six Democratic candidates but it's hard to know for sure who that party's front runner is, but if you go by sheer emails to the press it would be Yana Ludwig of Laramie or Nathan Wendt of Jackson.
For U.S. House the Republican nomination race is a non-race with Liz Cheney appearing to be a shoo-in over challenger Blake Stanley who has not mounted any sort of campaign against the incumbent.
There are three Democrats for the U.S. House with two from Wyoming Carl Beach of Saratoga and Lynnette Grey Bull of Fort Washakie. Beach has been the most active in campaigning and has frequented the Big Horn Basin in his efforts to win that party's nomination.
The most interesting local race is for State Senate District 20. The district encompasses all or parts of five counties. Theresa Livingston of Worland is unopposed for the Democratic party nomination. She will have to wait to see who her general election opponent will be with three Republicans running strong campaigns — Ed Cooper of Ten Sleep, Linda Weeks of Basin and Roland Luehne of Thermopolis. Each of the candidates would bring different strengths to the position. May the best candidate win.
All the Worland council candidates will advance to the general election with there not being enough candidates to have any eliminated from the non-party race. Write-ins could fill out the ballot for the general election. There is an open seat in Ward 3 with no candidates filed for the four-year term. It does not take many write-in votes to qualify so if you are interested, or know of someone who may be interested, get at least two other voting friends to write them in. (You need three to qualify for a write-in nomination.)
While we have profiled candidates over the past several weeks in the Northern Wyoming News, and you can see those profiles at http://www.wyodaily.com starting Thursday, what you will not see the Northern Wyoming News do is endorse a candidate.
There are several thoughts about whether a newspaper should or should not endorse a candidate. Throughout my career I have always leaned toward the idea that a newspaper should inform its readers about the candidates and let them decide who they believe will best represent them on the council, commission board, state legislator or Congress.
We do not see our role here as one of telling readers who we believe they should vote for and why. We seek only to inform.
Another reason not to endorse a candidate is the perception of a bias against that candidate and the possibility of the endorsement of the opposing candidate hindering the newspaper's ability to work with the winning candidate in the future.
If we were to endorse Candidate A for mayor but Candidate B were to win the public would know we favored the other candidate and every article we published would be scrutinized and there would be the perception that our stories had a slant or a bias, whether true or not.
So we encourage our readers, if you have not voted, to take the time to be an informed voter; learn as much as you can about the candidates and cast your vote on Tuesday.
Polls are open from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. Tuesday, at the Worland Community Center and Ten Sleep Fire Hall.
There is also time to obtain an absentee ballot and vote that way, without having to go to the polls.
And just a quick thought on absentee voting — it is not the same as mail-in voting.
In a recent opinion piece, Frank Eathorne, Wyoming GOP chairman, explained the difference simply.
"Absentee ballots are given to those who request them. Each absentee ballot has a specific identification permanently attached. In Wyoming absentee ballots are available to any registered voter for any election within the calendar year in which the election is held but not on the day of the election."
Absentee ballots must be returned to the county clerk's office by the day of the election.
In contrast, "In states where vote by mail is their primary voting method, ballots are sent to all voters on the voter registration list (whether requested or not). Although consideration may be given to the fact that voters move from addresses or voters pass away, little can be done to ensure those submitting the ballot are actually the individual who registered to vote. When ballots are delivered to the appropriate individual, returning the ballot becomes the challenge. In most mail-in ballot states, ballots can be dropped off at a ballot collection location."
Wyoming allows for absentee ballot voting, not mail-in.
We hope on Tuesday, or before, you exercise the right that every U.S. citizen age 18 or older has, and that is to vote.


The following guide will explain how to program your Sky remote control (using a 4 digit code) so it can work your TV as well as the Sky box.
If your unsure of the basic functions of the Sky remote control then please check our user guide first.
Step 1 – You need to find out the make and model of your TV, the make will usually be on a badge on the front of the TV, if not it maybe on the rear of the TV on a sticker alongside the model number. Don't worry if you cant find the model number.
Step 2 – You also need to know what revision (version) of Sky remote control you have. This is on a sticker inside of the battery cover – more details on remote versions here (this will open in a new window).
Step 3 – Locate your TV from our list here (this will open in a new window) you can then find a list of codes. There maybe a number of codes to try.
Step 4 – Ensure that the TV is switched on. You are now ready to enter the code. Press tv on your Sky remote, then hold down select and the red button until the red light at the top of the remote flashes twice (this should be 2-3 seconds).
Step 5 – Press tv on the sky remote again, Now you can enter the four digit code then the LED should blink twice, if not re check the code and try again.
Step 6 – Point the Sky remote at the TV and press standby on Sky remote, the Tv should now go into standby mode, press select to store this.
You should now be able to control your TV from the Sky remote. Try changing the volume using the vol +/- buttons to see if you've been successful, if not repeat step 4 and 5 using different codes for your make of TV from the list in step 3.
Sky Q systems set up is done via your main home screen, although you'll still need a code.
Press the Home button on your remote and select the Settings menu.
Now select Setup and then the Remote control option. Choose the Sky remote design you have and follow the instructions on screen.


More than just a building, you recognize that the new Central Library is the greatest civic project since the 1988 Olympics. This is your opportunity to leave your mark on the building's most distinctive feature for a generation. Your name, quote or phrase (up to 200 characters) will be placed along two edges of a window within the New Central Library. In addition to a tax receipt, you will receive a certificate of appreciation and a limited-edition architectural sketch of the landmark building by lead architect, Craig Dykers.
Click here to donate securities for this window. Please leave a message to charity on the CanadaHelps securities donation page indication "Window Donation" so we will know to follow up with you on your certificate and window inscription.


Tap into international marketing expertise to open new markets, improve business process and/or supply chain efficiency.
We provide a full range of marketing services, coupled with advice and support to ensure the practical mechanisms are in place to support your entry into international markets.
We utilise our network of international trade experts to support your business growth, whether you are new to exporting or an experienced exporting company looking to develop new markets; or whether you are exploring development of new supply relationships aligned with business process efficiency. We can provide powerful country marketing intelligence advice through upfront market analysis; development of an entry strategy to support your export development objectives, through to the development of country specific sales and marketing materials, including offering translation services.
Our dedicated trade specialist, Steve Thompson, has vast experience in a range of trade negotiations, with a particular focus and understanding of the business context in China. Steve is available to personally facilitate trade negotiations with a developed network of Chinese business contacts.


These substances cross readily if they are less than 4 nm in size and most pass freely up to 8 nm in size. Anatomy of the Digestive System Exercise Drag-and-Drop Art Labeling Questions allow students to assess their knowledge of terms and structures.
Pre-lab quizzes at the beginning of each exercise motivate students to prepare for lab by asking them basic information they should know before completing the lab. The Kidneys The kidneys, which maintain the purity and constancy of our internal fluids, are perfect examples of homeostatic organs.
Principles of Heredity Surface Anatomy Exercise Neurophysiology of Nerve Impulses. Anatomy of the Blood Vessels. Anatomy of the Respiratory System Exercise Dissection of the Digestive System of the Cat. If you plan on changing your career choice or continuing your education at another facility, be sure to check if this course is required for your degree program.
Anatomy of the Heart Exercise You may email your lab reports or drop it off at the Cypress Creek office and they will stamp it with the date and time and place it into my mailbox. The Lymphatic System and Immune Response. Classification and Structure of Bones and Cartilages.
Unique surface anatomy exercise includes superb photos for viewing muscle definition and clear surface landmarks for skeletal, muscular, and vascular structures. Glomerular Filtration Activity 1: Conduction System of the Heart and Electrocardiography Exercise Visual Tests and Experiments Exercise Students, if interested in purchasing this title with Mastering.
Basic Tissues of the Body Exercise 6.
Comprehensive glossary appears at the end of the lab manual and provides accurate, concise. Neurophysiology of Nerve Impulses: The Lymphatic System and Immune Response. Articulations and Body Movements. Helping millions of future healthcare professionals prepare for lab and practice lab concepts.
Grading Procedures Lab Practicals: Survey of Embryonic Development Exercise Functional Anatomy of the Endocrine Glands Exercise Helping millions of future healthcare professionals prepare for lab and practice lab concepts. It also features a new interactive histology module that allows the students to view the same tissue slide at varying magnifications, thereby helping the student identify structures and their characteristics.
Please make sure that Most nephrons are called cortical nephrons because they are located almost entirely within the cortex. An adult kidney is about 12 cm 5 inches long, 6 cm 2.Pre-Lab Exercise Anatomy of the Thoracic Cavity: 1: Pre-Lab Exercise Anatomy of the Heart: 2: Pre-Lab Exercise Pathway of Blood Flow through the Heart: 1: Exercise Anatomy of the Heart: 9: Exercise Cardiac Muscle Histology: 1: Exercise.
Exercise 9: Renal System Physiology: Activity 1: The Effect of Arteriole Radius on Glomerular Filtration Lab Report Pre-lab Quiz Results You scored 80% by answering 4 out of 5 questions correctly. 1. There are approximately _____ nephrons in a healthy human kidney.
Human Anatomy & Physiology Laboratory Manual, Fetal Pig Version,ElaineMarieb,Pearson, () and histology photos help meet students' needs and offer a wider variety of images for better understanding of anatomy.
Practice Anatomy Lab Chemical and Physical Processes of Digestion Exercise 9.
Renal. Study Exercise 1: The Language of Anatomy flashcards taken from the book Human Anatomy & Physiology Laboratory Manual. Human Anatomy and Physiology II Laboratory Anatomy of the Urinary System This lab involves the exercise in the lab manual entitled " 9 Kidney Section cortex pyramid Renal columncalyx In a sectioned human kidney can easily be seen the regions shown in previous slides.
Much of the hilus (notch) of the kidney is filled with the fat, the. exercise 9: renal system physiology: activity 1: the effect of arteriole radius on glomerular filtration human anatomy and physiology lab manual answers exercise 9 human anatomy & physiology lab manual w/ physioexmarieb, 9th ed required place to #free Physioex Exercise 9 Answers Ebooks.


text:
Sample collection phase even safer
A new patent for ProTube®, our solution for the safest collection of biological samples
Inpeco has recently obtained a new patent in USA about important features of its ProTube® solution.
ProTube is the smart desktop device that allows sample collection centers to match patient id, tubes and tests correctly, thus allowing the full traceability of the biological sample. The pre-analytical phase is currently the most critical step in the Laboratory process, where the vast majority of the errors occurs, according to literature.
The patent number US9519847B2 extends the protection to USA for a technical feature which makes Inpeco ProTube unique in its area; it is the only device that labels and expels the tubes within a few steps, thus making the system much more reliable and compact.
The distinguishing features of the rollers allow in a first phase to entrap the test tube while the label still has to be applied and, later on, the same rollers execute the expulsion of the labeled test tube without involving further moving elements, increasing the overall reliability of the system.
Inpeco pays attention to protect its inventive solutions worldwide: on top of US market, ProTube is also protected in Australia, China, Japan and Italy and is patent pending in other 10 countries.


As the Pitch winner in Winter 2018, Nudg was awarded a term of DALI design and development. Nudg is a personal relationship management application that aggregates the data on mobile phones via email, text messaging and phone calls.
A heat map of contact cards organized by frequency of interactions (contact page), the display of late and upcoming nudgs, and behavior analytics for the day, week, or month.


text:
var gutil = require('gulp-util');
var tutil = require('../util');
var jshint = require('../../src');
var should = require('should');
var path = require('path');

module.exports = function () {
  function FakeFile(content) {
    return new tutil.File({
      path: './test/fixture/file.js',
      contents: content || 'wadup();'
    });
  }

  describe('reporting', function () {
    it('should send success status', function(done) {
      tutil.lint({
        file: new FakeFile,
        eachFile: function (file) {
          should(file).property('jshint');
          should(file.jshint).property('success').equal(true);

          should(file.jshint).not.have.property('results');
          should(file.jshint).not.have.property('data');
          should(file.jshint).not.have.property('opt');
        }
      }, done);
    });

    it('should send failure status', function(done) {
      tutil.lint({
        file: new FakeFile('doe ='),
        eachFile: function (file) {
          should(file).have.property('jshint');

          should(file.jshint).property('success').equal(false);
          should(file.jshint).property('results').is.an.Array;
          should(file.jshint).property('data').is.an.Array;
        }
      }, done);
    });

    it('should load jshint file and pass', function(done) {
      var a = 0;

      var fakeFile = new gutil.File({
        path: './test/fixture/file.js',
        cwd: './test/',
        base: './test/fixture/',
        contents: new Buffer('wadup = 123;')
      });

      var stream = jshint(tutil.fixture('.rc-!undef'));
      stream.on('data', function (newFile) {
        ++a;
        should.exist(newFile.jshint.success);
        newFile.jshint.success.should.equal(true);
        should.not.exist(newFile.jshint.results);
        should.not.exist(newFile.jshint.data);
        should.not.exist(newFile.jshint.opt);
      });
      stream.once('end', function () {
        a.should.equal(1);
        done();
      });

      stream.write(fakeFile);
      stream.end();
    });
  });

  describe('jshint.reporter(fail)', function(){
    it('should emit error on failure', function(done) {
      var fakeFile = new gutil.File({
        path: './test/fixture/file.js',
        cwd: './test/',
        base: './test/fixture/',
        contents: new Buffer('doe =')
      });

      var stream = jshint();
      var failStream = jshint.reporter('fail');
      stream.pipe(failStream);

      failStream.on('error', function (err) {
        should.exist(err);
        err.message.indexOf(fakeFile.relative).should.not.equal(-1, 'should say which file');
        done();
      });

      stream.write(fakeFile);
      stream.end();
    });
  });

  describe('jshint.reporter()', function() {
    it('file should pass through', function(done) {
      var a = 0;

      var fakeFile = new gutil.File({
        path: './test/fixture/file.js',
        cwd: './test/',
        base: './test/fixture/',
        contents: new Buffer('wadup();')
      });

      var stream = jshint.reporter();
      stream.on('data', function(newFile){
        should.exist(newFile);
        should.exist(newFile.path);
        should.exist(newFile.relative);
        should.exist(newFile.contents);
        newFile.path.should.equal('./test/fixture/file.js');
        newFile.relative.should.equal('file.js');
        ++a;
      });

      stream.once('end', function () {
        a.should.equal(1);
        done();
      });

      stream.write(fakeFile);
      stream.end();
    });

    it('file should trigger reporter when .jshint exists', function(done) {
      var fakeFile = new gutil.File({
        path: './test/fixture/file.js',
        cwd: './test/',
        base: './test/fixture/',
        contents: new Buffer('wadup();')
      });

      fakeFile.jshint = {
        success: false,
        results: 200, // not real data
        data: 300, // not real data
        opt: {} // not real data
      };

      var stream = jshint.reporter(function(results, data, opt){
        should(results).equal(200);
        should(data).equal(300);
        should(opt).eql({});
        done();
      });

      stream.write(fakeFile);
      stream.end();
    });
  });
};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Basic household cleaning can stress both your brain and your body. These simple tips might help to alleviate some of the problems, leaving you more time and energy for what you love.
What can you do in 5 minutes? Pick out a chore you want to tackle, set a timer, and go! Stop when the timer goes off to prevent over exertion; if you feel pretty good after a brief rest, set it for another 5 minutes and start over.
Even on a blustery day, opening your windows for a few minutes will make your home (and your body!) feel fresher, even if you don't have the time or energy to clean.
Nice thought Admin, Dividing your work into small tasks is always better and saves lot of time and energy. I've tried it and the result I've seen is amazing, now I've much time to go out with family, friends and even I stay full of energy while managing all other works. Sharing good thoughts is really helpful, thanks for sharing a good post.
Yes exactly what I do!
awesome- i need so much help in this area :) following now..
Nice thinking admin thanks for sharing this sort of information and this type of valuable suggestions , but i was looking to hire a cleaning company that can done residential cleaning Calgary , Would you like to help me out in this regard ?
Thanks for commenting. That's well and true but only if you can afford a cleaning service and many people with Fibromyalgia and other chronic illnesses already have reduced income as they cannot work for very long anymore.
Aww a lady can't handle cleaning with chronic pain!


text:
Companies Eye Oregon's Growing Psilocybin Business Boom
by Joseph Gallivan
All eyes are on Oregon as the state moves toward implementing Measure 109 on January 1, 2023. That's when adult Oregonians will be able to legally access psilocybin under the guidance of a trained facilitator. Oregon Psilocybin Services, which is part of the Oregon Health Authority, will consider proposals this summer for how to manage these new products and services and issue rules in December.
Five subcommittees are debating how the Oregon shroomiverse will be regulated. The next big deadline is March 25, when the Products and Training subcommittees will post notice of their proposed rulemaking. These rules need to be adopted before others, around May or June 2022, so that training programs and product manufacturing can start ahead of full legalization.
Companies based in the local business community and from throughout the world have been making moves to enter the psilocybin market in Oregon. Canadian company Field Trip Health, which operates ketamine clinics in the U.S. and a psilocybin retreat in Amsterdam, has said it will open a psilocybin center in the Portland area.
Alissa Bazinet, a psychedelic therapist, researcher, has co-founded the Sequoia Center, a nonprofit clinic in central Portland that will be a service site for psilocybin-assisted therapy.
Netherlands-based Synthesis started an Oregon subsidiary and bought a $3.6 million, 124-acre property in Ashland, near the California border. It is expected to be used for multi-day psilocybin retreats.
Tom Eckert, who chaired Oregon's Psilocybin Advisory Board (PAB) and together with his late wife Sheri Eckert was a driving force behind Measure 109, is also developing a business in this new market. Eckert has a company called InnerTrek which will train licensed psilocybin facilitators starting this summer. It promises a mix of online classes and in-person intensives in a "beautifully wooded expanse just outside Portland."
In addition to Eckert, other Oregon business owners in the psilocybin space have contributed to the ongoing conversations about the regulation of products and services. Eckert encouraged the online PAB subcommittees to receive input from the Synthesis staff. A combination of potentially lucrative business deals and the relatively small number of people involved in Oregon's psilocybin regulatory process has raised questions, however, about the need for disclosing potential conflicts of interest.
Eckert resigned as chair of the PAB on March 10 after pressure from board members related to the organization's new conflict of interest disclosure rules. A Vice story alleged that Eckert has been in a romantic relationship with Rachel Aidan, the CEO of Synthesis Institute.
Eckert's resignation letter did not address that claim. He wrote: "As my life continues to change, with more relationships taking shape, I am mindful of appearances. I do not want anything to distract from the earnest work of this advisory board."
Portland Style Psychedelic Therapy
Some businesses are particularly well positioned to take advantage of mushroom mania when it hits Oregon. In Portland, a ketamine clinic that opened in October 2021 is priming to add psilocybin services. Cascade Psychedelic Medicine has three exterior murals of magic mushrooms, a soulful woman meditating, and psilocybin spore prints. Founder Seth Mehr is an emergency room physician who still puts in a shift at the ER when he can, but is busy at Cascade. He says ketamine slots are booked up months in advance.
Mural on the exterior of Cascade Psychedelic Medicine. Source: Joseph Gallivan.
Mehr says he doesn't even need to add psilocybin-assisted therapy to help support his business, he just wants to. "If and when we're fortunate enough to get a license to do that next year, this would be more set up for long journeys," he told Lucid News.
A look at Mehr's ketamine clinic offers an idea of the therapeutic environments those seeking psilocybin treatments in Oregon might encounter. In his lobby Mehr has a display of his grandfather's anatomy notebooks filled with drawings from his medical school training in Scotland in the 1930s. Mehr marvels at how detailed they are.
The books lend a medical aesthetic to Mehr's ketamine therapy practice – a service that has become profitable business in larger cities like Portland. The display includes vintage vials of mercury used for treating syphilis, a reminder of how medical treatments evolve as research and therapies are refined.
Mehr has two treatment rooms for therapy and integration, one of which will also be used for psilocybin journeys. The other is currently used for ketamine sessions. It has a reclining chair, an IV pole, blankets hanging on a rack tagged with patients' initials, trippy projection lights that crawl across the ceiling, and musical instruments such as hand pans, chimes and singing bowls.
Mehr administers ketamine intravenously so he can regulate the dose quickly as patients respond. He uses patient weight-based dosing of ketamine, ranging from 0.4 to 1.2 milligrams per kilogram. During the journeys, he keeps his conversations with the patient minimal and related to their comfort. The sessions last an hour and a half, plus integration time which can include talking with a provider, art, and journaling.
Mehr sits down in the reclining chair and explains that while ketamine patients are now getting this therapy, he believes the music and integration opportunities will also be ideal for psilocybin journeys.
"What I'm trying to do over a course of infusions is to safely allow people to have a psychedelic experience, where I make some adjustments during the session, and then from one to the next, gradually getting there as people feel more comfortable in the medicine," says Mehr.
While Mehr notes that people respond differently, he says that few have adverse reactions. "Feeling stuck in the chair, having a disorienting and uncomfortable experience or feeling too out of control, rarely happens" says Mehr.
As Mehr works to establish his medical bona fides and patient outcomes, he suggests that they will transfer nicely to facilitated psilocybin journeys.
"Experiences on psilocybin, ketamine and LSD have more in common than they have differences," says Mehr. "If you heard people's reports of what they are experiencing, especially in the deeper levels of ketamine, you'd have a hard time determining if they're talking about a ketamine or psilocybin journey."
Ketamine Versus Psilocybin
Mehr charges $425 for a ketamine session and says he keeps 20% of his slots available on a sliding scale. "It could be considered a luxury because medical insurance doesn't cover it currently," he says.
It's not yet clear what the costs will be for psilocybin licenses and other regulatory requirements for psilocybin providers in Oregon. "If it becomes cost-prohibitive for most people, that would be a failure of the system," says Mehr.
The current regulations around facilitated psilocybin use in Oregon stipulate the number of people who need to be present for sessions. Due to the nature of psilocybin, it's understood that these sessions will be longer than those involving ketamine, which may increase the cost to clients.
"With Measure 109 there will be two facilitators for every client," says Mehr. "I'm sure part of doing a six-hour session with two facilitators is to allow one to go to the bathroom and get something to eat. There may be group sessions where the ratios could be different. I don't know right now."
While there is not firm data yet for price comparisons between psilocybin and ketamine therapies, there are some critical differences between the two.
Mehr believe that for someone with no psychedelic experience, IV ketamine is an ideal approach. He notes that an infusion pump makes it easy to adjust the dosage in real time while patients can tell you how they are feeling.
"As opposed to psilocybin, where you take whatever dose you're taking, and if that happens to be too much for you, there's no off switch. That's a big difference," says Mehr.
Despite the differences in dosing strategies, Mehr says his process of providing effective support for ketamine therapy has helped him create an approach to care that helps prevent traumatic or dysphoric experiences – and create an optimized therapy that can translate to psilocybin.
"What I'm doing, and where I think the evolution of this field should go, is to acknowledge ketamine as a powerful psychedelic like psilocybin and LSD, and to foster a positive psychedelic experience with it, to get more benefit from the sessions," says Meyer. "That's going to include preparation, supervision, music, integration, flexibility, communication, and collaboration with every patient to make this a safe psychedelic experience."
Mehr says other preparations made for ketamine treatments would transfer to psilocybin therapy. For example, he's prepared if the psilocybin rules committee required facilitators to have a steel door and a locked safe, as has been suggested.
According to Mehr, he already has a steel door and a locked safe at his clinic which is ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) compatible. He says he also has all the needed safety and monitoring equipment. "I am a medical doctor and feel comfortable with the most intense levels of screening and monitoring, safety, and protection," says Mehr.
In regard to how psilocybin therapies will scale, Mehr notes that state regulators will decide how many licenses they will issue to meet demand.
"My prediction is that there are going to be more interested people seeking services than there are available centers, staff, and time to see them. That's been my experience with this clinic with ketamine," says Mehr. "I got much busier, much faster, than I ever anticipated."
Business Associations for Psilocybin Providers
As more psilocybin providers begin to enter the market, professional associations are beginning to form. The Psilocybin Assisted Therapy Association (PATA) was founded in 2021 by two Oregonians, with a mission "to promote the advancement of Psilocybin Assisted Therapy" and an emphasis on serving therapists and licensed mental health professionals.
Then there's the National Psychedelics Association (NPA), which has a Washington, DC address, but was formed in Portland in 2021. The organization is also focused on supporting Oregon's growing psilocybin business community. The NPA's goal is to "provide training organizations, facilitators in training, and service centers with financial/business resources, standards, best practices, integration with wrap-around services, insurance, and industry networking."
Now Companies Can Buy Insurance To Cover Ketamine Therapy for Employees
NPA co-founders Britt Rollins and Chris Olson started thinking about a professional association in early 2020, with Measure 109 on the horizon. Rollins is a marketing and communications strategist from the ad industry, with an interest in veterans, mental health, and psychedelic-based therapies.
Chris Olson
Britt Rollins
Source: LinkedIn
"You haven't heard of us because we have not officially launched," Rollins told Lucid News. He says the umbrella organization is launching first in Oregon, then in whatever states legalize psilocybin next. They are targeting business issues that a service center might face, such as professional liability insurance, professional malpractice insurance, banking services and credit services.
Rollins wants the NPA to partner with the psilocybin training programs, and then offer them facilitator-provider memberships to the association.
When it comes to worries such as slip-and-fall liability coverage or dealing with large bundles of cash (psilocybin is still a scheduled substance), the NPA wants to provide access to relevant services. They will also offer business consulting to, say, ketamine providers who wish to offer facilitated psilocybin therapy, but need to learn how to keep the two businesses separate.
Another group of business support services are also emerging to support the unique data requirements of psilocybin providers. The NPA partnered with software company Maya in January 2022. It will begin offering Maya's Real World Evidence Platform to NPA members in late 2022.
Maya is designed to handle the data patients input when they seek psilocybin treatment with a provider. This information system has been developed to collect longitudinal data that can, for example, track a patient's mood. If psilocybin users keep reporting that they are sleeping better – or worse – that information could be collected by Maya's software and provided to academic researchers.
According to Maya's CEO David Champion, NPA is going to recommend Maya as the software platform for facilitators. "Many people believe that Oregon will need to gather data, in an intelligent and informed way, on how these different facilitators are operating, what the quality of their work is, how effective it is for their participants," says Champion. "And bring that data as a single body of evidence back to other groups like Oregon Health and Science University."
Champion says being first to the market is important for software companies like Maya. He expects Oregon to provide a template for this type of data collection in other states. "And then make a case for Oregon having been successful, say, one year in," says Champion. "So that there can be further evolution of Oregon legislation, and also to inspire and inform legislation in other states like Colorado."
Rollins, of the National Psychedelics Association, says it was also looking for software that could provide a broad UX (user experience) and could be used by both a clinician and a non-clinician, as Maya's platform does.
Rollins says he's on the side of the mom-and-pop psilocybin business. "You could see a really dystopian world where this gets so capitalized, that it's no longer about the therapy or the benefit," he said. "It's about how much money we can eke out of it."
Fears of a Corporate Takeover
Oregonians saw what happened with legal cannabis, says Rollins, and are concerned with how those policies were implemented. It's a scenario many do not want to repeat.
"Especially from an equity standpoint, but also just from a giant corporate takeover standpoint, the idea of a mom-and-pop weed farm had been quashed up and down the West Coast, by big weed," says Rollins. "That raises fears here when some of the same players are showing up in the psilocybin space."
Rollins adds that while Oregon is on the forefront of psilocybin regulation, it's a small state. He says some residents have deep concerns about outside investors and companies potentially reaping business opportunities that divert from the stated intentions of Measure 109.
"Knowing Oregon is four million or so people, not a huge population, big money coming in and taking over is a real fear," says Rollins "People want transparency, they want organizations who are coming in to explain their intentions."
According to Rollins, some Oregonians who fought for Measure 109 are less concerned about being funded by outside interests, but about the intentions of investors and companies coming into the newly developing market.
"There is a lot to be hopeful about," says Rollins. "It's going to require a lot of the heart-centered folks to show up and really ensure the intent here is true. To ensure that this doesn't become co-opted by corporate interests who don't really care about the substance, or its legality, or the end result, which are just looking to make a buck."
Main image: Cascade Psychedelic Medicine photo by Joseph Gallivan.
Joseph Gallivan March 12, 2022
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CONSUMER FILE
Presidents Day Deals, Worth It or Not?
Feb 18, 2019, 6:29 AM | Updated: 4:29 pm
"Sale concept, tag for shoppingisolated on a white background."
BY ANDREW WITTENBERG, KSL TV
SALT LAKE CITY, Utah – It's another national holiday that seems like a ready-made opportunity for retailers to cash in.
President's Day is perhaps best known for deals on mattresses and furniture, and we're looking into whether it's worth it to drop some Benjamins on Washington's birthday.
We caught up with Sarah Grover, who is part of a growing trend of online influencers who steer people toward great deals. In her case, it's furniture.
If you're apprehensive about buying furniture online, Grover says it can be the best resource to find great deals.
"We want to be able to sit, feel, is it the depth we want for our living room?" she said. "…Online that can be really difficult to visualize that piece. So if you're shopping frequently locally at the big ticket retailers and you see something you love, take a picture of it, measure it, get the description, don't pull the trigger right then, go home and find that particular item online."
Grover pointed out you'll see deals at the big box stores, but she said don't buy impulsively. Find that product you love and shop around online, as well.
Where you ask?
"Rugs USA. That's an online retailer that has a great Presidents Day sale," she said. "Downeast outlet. A lot of people don't realize Downeast is an outlet store. You can find high-end brands at a cheaper discount. Right now during Presidents Day sale, they have like 20 to 25 percent off when typically their furniture isn't on sale."
Grover says expect a deal up to 30 percent off on big-ticket items, but be wary and find out when retailers offer their biggest discounts.
On items like appliances and electronics, some retailers will actually bump up the regular price so it appears you're getting a better deal when it's actually not.
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Home Features Captive killers: The truth about killer whale captivity
Captive killers: The truth about killer whale captivity
Mark Tallman
By Jennifer-Chow
Those who grew up in Vancouver likely had their first killer whale experience as children: pressed up to the glass window of a tank in Stanley Park, watching the massive black and white creature swam around. Breathless in awe that something so big, something so beautiful could be so close, they may have tapped the glass in hopes of connecting to the whale. But does the killer whale belong in there? Does a large, intelligent, echo-locating predator of the sea — an alien world to us — belong in what is essentially a swimming pool, just because we want to bring them into our own world of land?
Vancouver Aquarium's killer whales were all captured in the wild as young whales. The last two killer whales, Bjossa and Finna, were from Iceland. Though the experience of seeing a killer whale through the glass was no doubt exhilarating in some way, for some there is a lingering thought: it is right for these creatures to swim around and around in a tank all day, in a foreign environment? Is this really the only way to bring them into our world?
We know killer whales for their distinct black and white pattern, their grace, their perceived intelligence, and the circus tricks they are put through. Aquariums and marine parks have kept killer whales now for nearly 50 years. Supporters of aquaria affirm that the practice of keeping killer whales captive is essential to conservation, research and public education. At the same time, many people — from animal activists to wild orca researchers — question the ethics, safety and overall vitality of the captive industry.
The captive orca industry began not far from here, off the coasts of B.C. and Washington. In 1964, the Vancouver Aquarium harpooned a killer whale with the intention of using it as a model for a sculpture. But the whale didn't die from the harpoon and was eventually towed to a pen at the Burrard Drydock where the orca was exhibited until he died 87 days later. The next year, Ted Griffen of the Seattle Aquarium captured a calf that had gotten tangled up in fishing nets and named him Namu. During these early years of orca captivity, people discovered that the animals were not threatening, and did need to be shot on the spot or feared; rather, they were playful, gentle, and smart creatures. This, in combination with their iconic colouring, made the public fall in love with the lure of the killer whale. And so, the orca display industry began.
In 1976, Washington State — where many of these orcas have been captured — banned live captures, due to their effect on the already small orca population. Although British Columbia didn't ban live captures until 1990, they effectively ended after 1976. After wild orca captures ended off the Pacific coast, Iceland became the place to capture killer whales. However, that too eventually came to an end at the close of the 1980s.
Those who grew up in Vancouver in the 90s will probably remember Bjossa and Finna, the last orcas to live at the Vancouver Aquarium. Finna died in 1997 — leaving Bjossa alone. In April 2001, Bjossa was sent to SeaWorld San Diego, where she died that October. After Bjossa, the Vancouver Aquarium stopped displaying killer whales, due to public pressure and the difficulty in obtaining them. To many in Vancouver, this was bittersweet. Killer whales in Stanley Park had become an institution, yet there was an acceptance that Bjossa would be in a place that was just slightly less foreign for her — where there were more of her kind; as humans, we understood the need for company and sympathized with it. Since then, the Vancouver Aquarium continues to research orcas in the wild, and still has captive beluga whales and pacific white-sided dolphins.
With live captures banned in most parts of the world, and highly frowned upon in others, nearly all new captive killer whales are now bred in captivity. Captive killer whales come from different origins, whether it be Icelandic, Pacific and Resident (fish-eating), or Transient (mammal-eating in the wild). These types and groups never interact in the wild, yet in captivity, there are killer whales bred from these different groups, creating hybrid whales that cannot naturally belong anywhere except a tank. With Tilikum as SeaWorld's main sire (13 out of 19 captive killer whales owned by SeaWorld are related to Tilikum, according to the blog The Orca Project) and a limited genetic pool of captive killer whales worldwide, there is also a strong potential for widespread inbreeding in the near-future, if it hasn't happened already.
Tilikum is more infamous for being a literal killer whale. On Feb. 24, 2010 he killed his trainer, Dawn Brancheau by grabbing and drowning her. This was not the first time, either: Tilikum was also involved in the 1994 drowning of Keltie Byrne at the Sealand of Pacific in Victoria, B.C. (which closed shortly after). Whether these attacks were the result of curiosity, menace, instinct, or a combination, we may never know. Although Tilikum was captured in the wild, aggressive incidents are not limited to wild-born killer whales. Keto is a captive-born killer whale on loan to Loro Parque, a marine park in the Canary Islands along with several other young SeaWorld whales. On Dec. 24, 2009 Keto rammed his trainer, Alexis Martinez to death underwater. Unlike Tilikum, who is known to be dangerous due to past history, Keto was cleared to be safe enough to work with in the water and as a captive-born whale, never hunted, saw killer whales hunting or was taught to hunt. The tank is all Keto knows and will ever know.
Captive killer whales live in highly unnatural settings. Any enclosure would be comparably small for an ocean creature, and furthermore, orcas rely on sound; the echolocation that they naturally use in hunt and exploration doesn't work so well when surrounded by concrete walls. It is very difficult to know if a killer whale's habitat can be even marginally simulated in captivity. Although it differs population by population and type by type, resident killer whales live in kin-based family groups for life. But in captivity, killer whales from completely different pods, types, and populations are often grouped together, and may not even understand each other due to different dialects. SeaWorld in particular constantly moves their whales around its parks and often breeds killer whales at younger ages than they normally would in the wild.
While some research can only be conducted on captive orcas, very few are used for research purposes. Besides, it is difficult to know if captive killer whales are truly representative of their species. Most facilities that house captive cetaceans claim that it helps public education and thus, appreciation and conservation for these animals in the wild. But is this the only way to inspire awe towards nature? Though most aquariums have educational value, many marine parks do not. In the book Death at SeaWorld, a panel consisting of whale biologists and other scientists found that SeaWorld's educational material was incomplete and inaccurate. SeaWorld's shows, such as The Shamu Experience, Believe, and the current One Ocean, are productions that focus on entertainment, spectacle and human emotion, rather than on education. While it may emphasize a bond between humans and whales, it neither reflects nor helps whales in the wild at all. Although some aquariums may do a bit better in terms of education and showcasing natural behaviours, most marine park shows are essentially aquatic circuses.
Within the last few decades, many of the killer whales that have captured our imagination have captured it not because we saw them swimming in a tank, but because they were free. Keiko, the whale that played Willy in Free Willy, was eventually released into Icelandic waters and lived semi-independently until he died in 2003. In 2002 the young, misplaced lone calf Springer also captured the public's imagination with the idea of rescuing and reuniting her to family and keeping her "free" and wild. She was successfully relocated from Puget Sound and reunited with her pod. Meanwhile, at around the same time, there was another young, misplaced lone calf, known as Luna. Luna died in 2006 in a deadly encounter with a tugboat. While Luna's story didn't have the same happy ending as Springer's, he also inspired people to think and care about killer whales, despite never having lived in a tank. For both Springer and Luna, captivity was considered unjust, reflecting the changing public attitudes towards captive killer whales. Now killer whales were no longer merely a circus animal — they belonged in the ocean.
It may be easy to say "free the whales," but as Keiko has demonstrated, things aren't so simple, and it doesn't necessarily have a storybook ending. The wild isn't a blissful or safe place, either. Yes, in some respects the tank is safer. But releasing captive killer whales requires a lot of time and money for something that doesn't guarantee safety. As it stands, many captive whales are not fit for release for medical reasons. Some of them have missing teeth (or in some cases, almost no teeth) and need to have their mouths flushed daily to prevent infection. Oftentimes, their teeth have had to be drilled as a result of gnawing on gates, threatening other whales, or other reasons.
Since setting all whales free is neither realistic nor entirely humane, many anti-captivity groups have clamoured for performing animals to be retired into large sea pens with the possibility of venturing out, much like Keiko. Many working animals are retired after a good life's service of work, such as retired horses living out their days in fields, or retired circus and zoo elephants that go on to live out their days in elephant sanctuaries; despite being far from the native habitat, these sanctuaries offer relative free-roaming in a large area and the opportunity for more natural social groups. Of course, the aquaria industry does not support retirement. There are groups, including OrcaLab, a wild orca research centre, that call for the retirement of Lolita into a Sea Pen in her native waters. At over 40 years old, Lolita is the second oldest killer whale in captivity and is the last surviving whale captured from the currently endangered Washington State area. However, for killer whales, along with other whales and dolphins, the retirement concept is just that: purely conceptual.
With Bjossa long gone and only one killer whale (Kiska) remaining in Ontario's Marineland Canada, it is likely that the era of the captive killer whale will be phased out in Canada soon; the Vancouver Aquarium and Marineland Canada still house other species of captive dolphins and whales, however. The number of captive killer whales worldwide is limited and, short of capturing more from the wild, it is possible that captive displays may not have a future.
Regardless of what happens, the concept of captive orcas is not going away immediately. The root of the problem is the attitude towards captive orcas as assets; simply a way to make money. Facilities that house them should focus less on entertainment, and more on education and research. At the same time, they should be offered a life as natural as possible, with minimal social changes and, if possible, tanks that reflect their natural habitat. An even better option for keeping killer whales would be a semi-wild setting in sea pens. Formerly captive and captive-bred whales could come and go as they please, and still maintain association with humans if they wish. This way, visitors could also have a "guaranteed" whale watching experience, much like in an aquarium, but in a more natural habitat.
Gone would be the days when you could walk up to window, watch a massive black and white killer whale swim by you, and catch a glimpse into their world. But it's not their world, it's ours. With technology rapidly progressing, maybe we'll one day find a way to bring ourselves into their world without interfering with them. Killer whales are the experts of their ocean habitat, their pods' culture, their way of life. It seems at once so alien and yet so familiar to us humans — kinship, dialect, unique rituals, violence and gentleness; yet there is so much that we still don't know.
Jennifer Chow
orcas.
From Surrey campus to Silicon Valley: an interview with designer, Sean Leach
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