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Posted on December 1, 2021 November 16, 2021
The Patron Saint of Gift Giving
In June 1907, Jane Addams sent her sister Alice Haldeman handmade bags for her birthday. Made by a Hull-House neighbor, likely a poor immigrant, the bags were a typical gift from Addams, who enjoyed sending handmade goods, particularly from the Hull-House Shops. Items like linens and wooden or metal household objects were typical choices for birthday, Christmas, and thank-you gifts Addams gave to friends, family members, and Hull-House patrons. Most of her recipients were likely grateful for these thoughtful gifts or, at least, they were gracious in the receipt of them. Haldeman, however, did not hide her feelings about much of anything, let alone gifts from baby sister. She did not appreciate the bags, and she told Addams so.
In response to Haldeman's disappointment, Addams wrote: "I am sorry you didn't like my poor little bags which were made by [an] old lady in the neighborhood who sells them. I have had one in my traveling bag which I have grown attached to. Of course it would be no use in a bureau drawer. However I will try again and send you a book…"
Oooo. Burn.
We cannot know what Haldeman might have written to raise the ire of her sister because her letters to Addams do not survive. However, this passive aggressive response reveals Addams's frustration, whereas we get so little of her personality in most of her surviving letters, which are guarded, congenial, and professional. Addams's letters to her sister from 1901 until Haldeman's death in 1915 contain numerous instances of apologies for failed gifts, evidence that Addams's failure in this regard caused difficulty between the sisters. To know she chafed at a sister who had the power to put her on the defensive helps us chip away a little at Addams's constrained, disciplined, public persona.
Haldeman was picky about gifts. Addams was sensitive to Haldeman's criticism of her gifts. They exchanged strong words. Feelings were bruised. And then the women went on being sisters and friends. Sounds human to me, and I can certainly relate on a personal level. What is interesting to me as a historian, however, is to think about Jane Addams as a sister, as an ordinary human being doing ordinary human-being things, like stressing out over gifts to her nit-picking elder sister. Addams was not just a famous social reformer, or activist, or best-selling author, or recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize. She was a woman, just like me, who was imperfect, who sometimes lost her cool, and who failed on occasion to please the people she loved most.
After the failed birthday bags in June 1907, Addams was determined to get it right at Christmas. That holiday she sent Haldeman a book and followed it up with a box of sparklers, closing her Christmas Eve letter: "I am always, dear Alice, your loving sister Jane." In other words, sis, give me a break.
The book she sent was Mother by Russian writer Maxim Gorky. Addams deemed the novel "remarkable," but it was one of Gorky's least successful works and Addams sent Haldeman the copy she had read because the new one she ordered did not arrive in time to send. I can almost hear Haldeman grumbling that her sister sent her a crappy, used novel for Christmas. She had complained about books before, in fact, one time accusing Addams of sending her a book for Christmas that she deemed inappropriate for her young daughter. To that snub, Addams had replied: "I hadn't thought of course of Marcet's reading it. I might easily send you many books that would be too mature for her."
The Christmas gift debacle of 1909 is my favorite of Addams's sister-gift failures. That year she sent a kimono, which seems a perfectly glorious gift to me and likely did to Addams, too. Picked out by a wealthy Chicago friend, Addams hoped it might please her finicky sister. Nope. Haldeman poo-pooed the kimono, and Addams, once again, was annoyed: "I am sorry you didn't like the kimono, it was bought in Chinatown in San Francisco, selected by Mrs Robert Herrick when she was there, perhaps you are disillusioned about Xmas, last year you didn't like the book I sent—after all it is only the message of remembrance which reaches thru, isn't it? Please give the kimono to someone and forget it— next year I'll try something quite different."
I am not one who buys into the "Saint Jane" moniker for Jane Addams. She was too shrewd and too determined in her activism to live up to that gendered, ridiculous, otherworldly title. It is clear Alice did not think saint when she unwrapped a gift from Jane. But I do think Jane Addams was a wee bit saintly in dealing with her grumpy, perpetually dissatisfied sister. Nowhere is this clearer than in Addams's persistent attempts to bestow on Haldeman the perfect gift. She kept trying to please her sister, even though her sister kept throwing the gifts back in her face.
Perhaps it was difficult for Haldeman to acknowledge a kindness or the favor of her younger, famous sister. Maybe she liked to play the cranky-butt. Or, most likely I believe, she took a little pleasure in stirring the emotional pot in the belly of the serious, stoic leader of Hull-House. I wonder if she actually liked all the gifts Addams selected for her, but she just couldn't allow herself to give her sister the win. In the end, I suppose, Alice Haldeman was probably a difficult woman to please; and I love it that Jane Addams just kept on trying.
Regardless of what Haldeman thought about them, Jane Addams's gifts were good and great and sometimes spectacular. They reflected her economic and aesthetic sensibilities, illustrated her social responsibility and intellectual curiosity, and related to her work at Hull-House, her interest in different cultures, and her respect for the immigrants who lived in Chicago. Jane Addams was a generous, inspired giver of gifts. In honor of her and in the spirit of the coming holiday season, I offer the following annotated list of gift ideas, straight out of the correspondence of the patron saint of gift giving.
Gifts Ideas from Jane Addams (JA)
Art (and for goodness sake, pay for the frame if it needs one)—JA to the wife of her nephew Stanley Linn and her one-year-old great-niece and namesake: "I hope you will like the pictures. We are all very fond of Norah Hamilton's etching and I put in the Irish geese for Jane. Please have them all framed 'on me,' as it were, that is part of it." Jane Addams to Myra Harriet Reynolds Linn, December 19, 1917
Blanket (Handmade, by YOU. If Jane Addams had time to knit, then so do you. Do you run a social settlement and take trains all over the country giving lectures about starving orphans in Europe? I didn't think so. Start knitting; the Christmas clock is ticking, people).—JA to her niece and great-nephew: "The blanket I knitted for Henry, got awfully grimy in the process. I did it at H. H. where it is impossible to keep white wool clean. It goes to the little brother with my best love and a Merry Christmas." Jane Addams to Anna Marcet Haldeman-Julius, December 10, 1919
Books—JA to her niece and great-niece Alice (her sister's namesake): "I hope her very prosaic little present reached you safely, to [the] rest of you I am sending only books this year — very simple presents indeed! … I am sending things there early because of the crowded mails — don't open them too soon." Jane Addams to Anna Marcet Haldeman-Julius, December 17, 1917
Books for Children (one book for siblings to share so as not to be excessive)—JA to fellow suffragist and friend: "I have sent the children one of the Van Loon books which my little nephew so dotes on. I hope they won't mind having it together altho I am afraid it is not a favorite plan with children." Jane Addams to Florence Gottschalk Taussig, December 31, 1921, Jane Addams Digital Edition (JADE).
Book of which you are the author—JA to the wife of a HH patron: "May I congratulate you on the new daughter and send you a copy of my new book with best wishes for a merry Christmas. You doubtless know much more about the spirit of youth these days than I can possibly tell you." Jane Addams to Mary Everts Ewing, December 22, 1909
Car (or a Cow)—JA to her niece-in-law: "I do hope that the baby is better, if the doctor advises a cow you would better get one at once and I will send the Xmas money as soon as I return — of course we would not hesitate between a cow and a Ford if the baby is better fed by the former." (Hey, I could use a new car this year, a Ford would be fine so long as it's a hybrid, please). Jane Addams to Myra Harriet Reynolds Linn, November 30, 1916; Jane Addams to Myra Harriet Reynolds Linn, December 3, 1916
Holy Water Receptacle (only old ones from Paris)—JA to Alice Haldeman: "I am sending my Christmas package today to avoid the final rush. Knowing your fondness for worked metal, it is an old holy water receptacle I got in Paris last summer. It can of course be used for matches or anything you like." Jane Addams to Sarah Alice Addams Haldeman, December 19, 1913.
Japanese Kimono (who cares what Alice thought, a kimono is a great gift idea; pick a colorful pattern you like, and if your recipient doesn't like it, keep it for yourself and never buy that ungrateful person another gift.)—JA to Alice Haldeman: "I am sending you a short Japanese kimono which is nice to wear in bed or in your room. It goes with my best wishes for a Merry Christmas." Jane Addams to Sarah Alice Addams Haldeman, December 19, 1908
Japanese Sparklers—JA to Alice Haldeman: "I sent you a box of Japanese 'sparkers' which seem to be a feature of Christmas this year. You light the end in a flame and all the rest happens merrily." Jane Addams to Sarah Alice Addams Haldeman, December 24, 1907
Lamp—JA to her sister's daughter: "The little Italian lamp is for Marcet. I wish very much that you would be here for Christmas but I hope that it will be a merry one, wherever it is. Jane Addams to Sarah Alice Addams Haldeman, December 6, 1903
Linens—JA to Alice Haldeman: "I am sending your Xmas present now because the mails are so full later. The bureau scarf is a [Romanian] one, 'handmade' from the neighborhood." Alice probably hated it, but I'm sure JA's niece-in-law was appreciate of her furniture linen: "The blue table covers were woven at Hull-House, one of the best bits of weaving which we have done." Jane Addams to Sarah Alice Addams Haldeman, December 6, 1903; Jane Addams to Myra Harriet Reynolds Linn, December 11, 1919
Money (money is always good)—JA to a widowed friend: "May I send five dollars for Christmas to each child and ten for you. I wish it were ten times more, it would more adequately express my love and best wishes to the dearest family in the world." Jane Addams to Mary Kenney O'Sullivan, December 18, 1911
Piano—JA to nephew Stanley Linn regarding gift for his wife: "I will send a little package for Jane later, but the real purpose of this letter is to ask you whether you think that between us we might get a piano for Myra's Christmas. It might be a little solace to her to have music in the house. I could pay $150. down and the rest might come along on the [installment] plan. Could you have a good piano selected at Los Angeles and let me know the cost and terms of payment before buying. I should want to know what we were in for. It might be possible to get a good second hand one for two hundred dollars in which case I would try to do it all at once." Following up two weeks later, JA wrote: "[Enclosed] please find a draft for the full amount of the piano. I am so glad you found one, and I hope that it is a good one." Jane Addams to Stanley Ross Linn, December 4, 1919; Jane Addams to Stanley Ross Linn, December 17, 1919
Pin (a simple brooch of some sort)—JA to friend Lillian Wald: "May I send you this very work-a-day little pin from our shop with my most ardent wishes for the very best Christmas of all to you…" Jane Addams to Lillian D. Wald, December 21, 1911
Ad, Chicago Tribune (1917)
Rompers—JA to her grand-nieces and nephews in Kansas and California: "The rompers I had ordered from the Trade School were so big that I sent them all to Cal. and after Xmas they were going to try again." Jane Addams to Anna Marcet Haldeman-Julius, December 17, 1917
Russian Things, Box of—JA to eight-year-old great niece: "I am sending you a box of some Russian things which I found the other day in the Russian shop, and I am sending a typewritten list so you may know how to divide them. Jane Addams to Jane Addams Linn, December 20, 1924, JADE.
Silver Box—JA to a regular Hull-House donor: "Some of the advanced boys in the shop have lately been venturing upon silver work and I am sending you a box they have made which has received some praise from one or two artists. It ought to be much bigger to contain all the gratitude and affection which I should like to put into it. But perhaps you will know what it 'represents' to use kindergarten lingo. With every possible good wish for the New Year." Jane Addams to Anita McCormick Blaine, December 25, 1904
Typewriting Table (only go for this if you are giving it to someone who has hated every single gift you've ever given them for twenty years)—JA to Alice Haldeman: "I sent you a typewriting table today from Fields for Xmas. I almost sent a much prettier one which was not the right height but finally settled on the plainer one. If it isn't right for the space please use it in the bank and we will look for another when you come, for your own room." (Good grief, did Addams have to tell her sister there was a prettier one? ) Jane Addams to Sarah Alice Addams Haldeman, December 10, 1914
Happy Holidays. And good luck.
by Stacy Lynn, Associate Editor
Notes: It is important to note that there is a disproportionate number of surviving Christmas letters that Addams wrote to her sister Alice and her nephew Stanley Linn and his family. The evidence makes it appear she favored them with her gift giving. While it is true she was fond of the Linns and provided them extra support because they struggled, the extant correspondence only provides a glimpse of Addams's holiday generosity. Louise W. Knight, Citizen: Jane Addams and the Struggle for Democracy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press 2005), 489n52, 519; Sherry R. Shepler and Anne F. Mattina, "Paying the Price for Pacifism: The Press's Rhetorical Shift from 'Saint Jane' to 'The Most Dangerous Woman in America,'" Feminist Formations 24 (Spring 2012): 154-71; "Noiseless Parlor Fireworks," The Index, 17, Christmas ed. (Dec. 14, 1907): 55; "Rompers and Creepers Come," Chicago Tribune, Feb. 19, 1917, p. 12 (advertisement); Jane Addams to Sarah Alice Addams Haldeman, January 10, 1901; Jane Addams to Sarah Alice Addams Haldeman, June 13, 1907; Jane Addams to Sarah Alice Addams Haldeman, December 18, 1907; Jane Addams to Sarah Alice Addams Haldeman, January 10, 1909; Hull-House Year Book, January 1, 1916 (boys metalworking), all in JADE. Photo of Jane Addams, c. 1912, courtesy Prints and Photographs, Library of Congress.
Posted on September 23, 2019 October 4, 2019
Striving for Social Justice: Jane Addams and Sophonisba Breckinridge
By Anya Jabour, Regents Professor of History, University of Montana
The subject of my new book, Sophonisba Breckinridge: Championing Women's Activism in Modern America, worked closely with Jane Addams for decades. The two women, along with other reformers affiliated with Hull House, championed labor legislation, provided services to immigrants, promoted woman suffrage, and advocated for world peace. Together, they were a powerful force for social justice.
Born and raised in Kentucky, Breckinridge came to Chicago to pursue higher education at the coeducational University of Chicago. After earning her M.A. (1897) and Ph.D. (1901) in political science, she graduated with her J.D. (1904) at the top of the Law School's first graduating class. After completing her coursework, Breckinridge taught a pioneering course on "The Legal and Economic Position of Women" that brought her into contact with the Second City's labor organizers and social reformers.
Breckinridge's concern about the plight of working women initiated her long association with Hull House and its head resident, Jane Addams. In 1905, at Addams's suggestion, she accepted an appointment as Inspector of Yards, investigating the working conditions of women in Chicago's infamous stockyard district. Breckinridge spent more than four months inspecting the facilities and interviewing the employees of "Packingtown," mostly immigrant girls and young women between the ages of 16 and 22. Working in cold, windowless rooms and standing on "dirty, blood-soaked, rotting wooden floors" for ten hours a day, the workers "toil[ed] without relief in a humid atmosphere heavy with the odors of rotten wood, decayed meats, stinking offal," and human waste from the doorless privies that vented directly into the workrooms. Breckinridge found her task exhausting, both physically and emotionally. To Addams, she confessed, "I was getting where I could not sleep—the vision of the day's work presses in so! Not my own day's work—but that of the crews of girls I see marching past me now."
Breckinridge translated her emotional response to women workers' abysmal working conditions into social scientific scholarship and policy recommendations. In addition to publishing her study on women workers in the stockyards, she reported her findings to the U.S. Labor Department. With the support of settlement house workers, clubwomen, and trade unionists, she helped persuade the department to provide funding for a full-scale investigation. Ultimately, the nineteen-volume report on the working conditions of wage-earning women and children, published between 1910 and 1913, provided the basis for the establishment of two new federal bureaus, the U.S. Children's Bureau and the U.S. Women's Bureau. These government agencies would advocate for a ban on child labor and better working conditions for women for decades to come.
Breckinridge (right) with Julia Clifford Lathrop (left) University of Chicago Photographic Archive, [apf1-02244], Special Collections Research Center, University of Chicago Library.
Breckinridge's work with Addams on behalf of working women soon led to an invitation to live and work at Hull House. As Russell Ballard, one of the few male residents of Hull House, expressed it, "a brilliant company of women were drawn to the settlement to pioneer in the promotion of social change. The scholarly and talented Sophonisba Breckinridge joined the company in 1907 to become one of Miss Addams' closest friends and most helpful associates." Although her responsibilities at the University of Chicago prevented her from living at Hull House full-time, Breckinridge spent all of her vacation quarters—and much of her limited free time—at Hull-House, where she was listed as an official "resident" from 1907 until 1921.
Breckinridge became one of Addams's closest colleagues. She helped to raise funds for the settlement, served as a substitute speaker when Addams was unavailable, and assisted Addams with her correspondence. Breckinridge's papers are filled with hastily scrawled notes from Addams, invariably beginning with the exclamatory greeting "Dear Lady!" and closing, "Hastily yours, Jane Addams." In response to such letters, Breckinridge assisted Addams in innumerable ways, both large and small, leading Addams to close one typical letter asking Breckinridge to perform a task, "I do hope that I am not putting too many things 'off' on you." Breckinridge always came through for Addams, signing one letter, "Yours to command always."
Soon after Breckinridge took up residence at Hull House, she joined a special committee investigating the conditions confronting young single immigrant women who arrived in the city, lost and alone and vulnerable to both sexual and economic exploitation. A typical case was that of Bozena, "a nice young Bohemian immigrant girl" who was "so eager for work . . . that she had taken the first job she could find—in a saloon." As fellow Hull House resident Edith Abbott, Breckinridge's colleague at the University of Chicago, explained: "The saloonkeeper had abused her shamefully and then turned her out when he found that she was to become the mother of his illegitimate child."
Hull House residents helped Bozena file charges, obtain childcare, learn English, gain citizenship, and find work. But Breckinridge and Addams soon realized that the problem of "lost immigrant girls"—as well as the difficulties confronting immigrant men and children—was too widespread for existing service agencies to address. As Addams explained the problem:
Every year we have heard of girls who did not arrive when their families expected them, and although their parents frantically met one train after another, the ultimate fate of the girls could never be discovered; we have constantly seen the exploitation of the newly arrived immigrant by his shrewd countrymen in league with the unscrupulous American; from time to time we have known children detained in New York and even deported whose parents had no clear understanding of the difficulty.
With Addams's enthusiastic support, Breckinridge proposed the creation of a new organization, and the Immigrants' Protective League was established in 1908. As Abbott recalled: "This problem of the unaccompanied girls proved to be challenging; but nothing that ought to be done seemed impossible to Miss Breckinridge!"
Breckinridge at Green Hall at the University of Chicago. (Courtesy of University of Chicago Photographic Archive, [apf1-02252], Special Collections Research Center, University of Chicago Library.)
The Immigrants' Protective League provided essential assistance to Chicago's immigrants—women, men, and children. One of the League's first major accomplishments was establishing "a kind of immigration station" to welcome new arrivals. Immigrants who arrived in Chicago by train met with League agents—chosen to represent the nationalities and speak the languages of their clients— who helped orient newcomers to the city. Agents provided new arrivals with information about employment opportunities, social services, and evening classes. One of the principal goals of the League was to protect immigrants from exploitation. At the welcome station, agents helped new arrivals steer clear of unscrupulous cab drivers, fraudulent employment agents, and the ever-present "cadets" who recruited young women into prostitution. Breckinridge also persuaded local women's clubs to provide funds for the League to provide temporary lodging for young immigrant women. In only four years, the League served close to 80,000 immigrants at its welcome station.
Breckinridge and Addams continued to team up to advance social reform. In 1911, they were elected vice-presidents of the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA). Under their leadership, the Second City quickly became a "stronghold for the cause." However, internal dissension caused both women to dread meetings of the national board, which Addams compared to being immersed in "boiling oil."
Tensions came to a head in Fall 1912, when Breckinridge and Addams, in defiance of the suffrage organization's traditional commitment to non-partisanship, declared their support for Progressive Party presidential candidate Theodore Roosevelt. Addams, Breckinridge, and other activists not only convinced the third-party candidate to support woman suffrage, but also helped to shape the Progressive Party's agenda. The third-party platform, known as the "Contract with the People," was modeled on the "Platform of Industrial Minimums" adopted at the 1912 National Conference of Charities and Corrections, where both Breckinridge and Addams played prominent roles. The platform included demands for a "living wage," unemployment insurance, and workers' compensation for all workers, as well as special protections for women and children in the workforce.
However, Breckinridge and Addams failed to convince NAWSA leadership that the suffrage movement should use party politics to promote either women's rights or social welfare. Instead, president Anna Howard Shaw publicly denounced "party ties." This uncomfortable situation led both Addams and Breckinridge to resign their posts after only a year in office.
Although they remained active in the suffrage movement, after leaving office, Breckinridge and Adams shifted their focus away from NAWSA and toward the Woman's Peace Party, which they co-founded in 1915 in response to armed conflict in Europe—what would later become known as World War I. The Woman's Peace Party was the first U.S. pacifist group to treat "peace as a women's issue." Many members believed that women had a special responsibility to protect life and thus to prevent war. The party preamble and platform called on women, as "the mother half of humanity," to oppose the "reckless destruction" of human life resulting from warfare. At the same time that they emphasized women's special responsibility for peace work, feminist pacifists also demanded equal political rights for women. Believing that women's full participation in the political process was essential to ending global conflict, members of the Woman's Peace Party worked for both women's rights and world peace.
As chairperson and treasurer of the Woman's Peace Party, respectively, Addams and Breckinridge represented the new organization at an international feminist-pacifist gathering known as the International Congress of Women and held at The Hague in 1915. The Congress enthusiastically adopted many of the measures proposed by the U.S. representatives, calling for the creation of an international peacekeeping body, national self-determination for all countries, and equal political participation for women. Following the Congress, two delegations visited political and religious leaders of both neutral and belligerent nations. When Addams, who participated in the visits, returned home, she did so as the first president of the new International Committee of Women for Permanent Peace.
Addams, Breckinridge, and other members of the Woman's Peace Party took the lead in attempts to find a peaceful solution to the ongoing war. After Addams returned to the United States, she and Breckinridge worked with both male and female pacifists in Chicago and New York to pressure President Woodrow Wilson to intervene in the European conflict as a neutral intermediary. Addams hand-picked Breckinridge for a special committee assigned to consult with other pacifists within and beyond the U.S. on strategies to "make propositions to the belligerenets [sic] in the spirit of constructive internationalism."
Throughout the war, Addams, Breckinridge, and other members of the Woman's Peace Party pressured President Wilson to intervene in the war to produce a "negotiated peace." Wilson had made initial overtures in this direction at the war's outset, but his offer was rebuffed. Thereafter, Wilson adopted a pose of watchful waiting. Although he steadfastly maintained his intention to offer mediation when the time seemed propitious, that time never arrived. However, Wilson's willingness to meet with pacifist delegations, his cordial relationship with Addams, and his assurances that he considered the women's proposals at The Hague "by far the best formulation" for world peace, encouraged the pacifist women to continue their efforts.
Addams and Breckinridge co-founded the Woman's Peace Party, later to become the U.S. chapter of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, in 1915. (Courtesy Women's International League for Peace and Freedom Collection, Special Collections, University of Illinois at Chicago Library)
Addams and Breckinridge continued their search for ways to prevent U.S. entry into the conflict, to end the war, and to prevent future wars. In the aftermath of the Lusitania episode, they urged President Wilson to steer clear of what they called "a preposterous 'preparedness' against hypothetical dangers" and instead to provide "the epochal service which this world crisis offers for the establishment of permanent peace"—that is, to offer his services to mediate the ongoing conflict. Subsequently, they appeared before the U.S. House of Representatives' Committee of Foreign Affairs to express their support for a House Joint Resolution proposal to establish a "Commission for Enduring Peace."
The U.S. delegation to the International Congress of Women in 1915 on board the Noordam. Jane Addams in center behind the banner, Breckinridge is on the far right. (Courtesy Swarthmore College Peace Collection)
Despite their best efforts, American pacifists were unable either to halt the ongoing war or to prevent the United States' entry into it. Once hostilities ceased, Breckinridge and Addams—now part of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom—sought new routes to "enduring peace." They achieved a partial victory in the establishment of the League of Nations, which incorporated many of the principles adopted at the International Congress of Women. Although the U.S. failed to join the new organization, Addams and Breckinridge persisted in promoting their vision of a peaceful postwar world. In 1923, they discussed submitting "our" set of principles for the American Peace Award. The plan that Breckinridge and Addams proposed called for the United States to join the World Court and the League of Nations. They also demanded that the U.S. military refrain from defending the interests of private businesses abroad, that the U.S. end both the production and the sale of armaments, and that the U.S. cooperate with other nations in a process of universal disarmament. Finally, they recommended "cancelling or reducing debts due to the United States" from the other Allied countries in return for an agreement to "divide the costs of commissions hitherto charged against Germany alone equally between Germany and the former allies" and offering "a long moratorium to Germany" to allow that nation "eventually to pay the balance on her reparations debt as estimated by an impartial commission of experts to be constituted for the purpose." Addams's and Breckinridge's joint plan thus called for the United States to promote peace not only by agreeing to abide by arbitration in future disputes and participating in a process of universal disarmament, but also by removing the reasons for rising resentment in Germany that would soon allow Adolf Hitler to rise to power. Sadly, their plan was never implemented. Nonetheless, in the years after the Second World War, many of their ideas would be adopted by the United Nations.
Addams and Breckinridge were not always fully successful in their efforts to promote social justice, but they shared a passion for justice that allowed them to persist in the face of difficulties and setbacks. Their collaboration with one another and with fellow reformers also enabled them to meet challenges with strong resolve and good cheer. Together, Addams and Breckinridge were a powerful force for social justice.
Coda: Because Breckinridge's own papers, while extensive, are comparatively scant for the Progressive Era, to conduct my research on these decades of her life, I relied heavily on the 82-reel microfilmed edition of the Jane Addams Papers and the accompanying "Pink Bible," the 674-page guide to the microfilm collection, created with the guidance of Jane Addams Papers Project founder Mary Lynn Bryan. I am delighted that future researchers' work will be facilitated by the next generation of the Jane Addams Paper Project, spearheaded by Cathy Moran Hajo, which will make the Jane Addams Papers accessible in a digital format.
Anya Jabour is Regents Professor of History at the University of Montana. Her books include Topsy-Turvy: How the Civil War Turned the World Upside Down for Southern Children and Scarlett's Sisters: Young Women in the Old South
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"Urge Home for Immigrants," Chicago Tribune, March 19, 1911, p. 5.
Wade, Louise C. "The Heritage from Chicago's Early Settlement Houses," Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, Vol. 60, No. 4 (Winter 1967), 411-441.
"Warns Women of Illinois: Dr. Anna H. Shaw Advises Suffragists to Avoid Party Ties," Chicago Tribune, September 25, 1912, p. 5.
"Will Ask Parties for Living Wage," Chicago Tribune, June 14, 1912, pg. 7.
"Woman Puts O.K. on Neill Report," Chicago Tribune, June 11, 1906, pg. 2.
Dangerous Jane author Suzanne Slade Talks Inspiration for Children's Book
Suzanne Slade is no stranger to Jane Addams, who is commonly referred to as "the mother of social work." Addams was a pioneer American settlement activist/reformer, social worker, public philosopher, sociologist, public administrator, protestor, author, and leader in women's suffrage and world peace. Continue reading "Dangerous Jane author Suzanne Slade Talks Inspiration for Children's Book"


Massanutten, like many other ski resorts, relies increasingly on machines to make snow.
Dr. Jerry Stenger's climatology office provided this graph, and the line showing a decrease in the average number of days with low temps of 20 degrees or colder, since 1976.
A Ratnik snow gun turns forty gallons of water every minute into fine, white snow drifting down onto a ski trail at Massanutten Resort.
The day after Thanksgiving, the federal government published its Fourth National Climate Assessment, a report full of alarming conclusions about how climate change could affect life in the United States. At one local ski resort, thinking about a warmer and less snowy future has already begun. WMRA's Andrew Jenner reports.
Jet engine? Torrential downpour? Try a Ratnik snow gun, turning forty gallons of water every minute into fine, white snow drifting down onto a ski trail at Massanutten Resort.
KENNY HESS: Without machine-made snow here in Virginia we probably wouldn't have a ski area. I think that we'd probably be limited to a day or two a season without machine-made snow.
To make snow, the wet-bulb temperature – a measurement that factors in humidity – has to be no more than 28 degrees. On this late November morning, it's a good bit colder than that as Kenny Hess, Massanutten's director of sports and risk management, checks in with his crew, working to take full advantage of a cold snap.
HESS: This is our 48th season, I believe. We average opening around December 10th or 12th.
Thanks to enough cold weather and the resort's more than 200 snow guns, Massanutten's ski season is set to open this Saturday – right on target. But being weather-dependent means the fortunes of a ski resort in Virginia can vary significantly from one season to the next.
HESS: I've seen years where we were only open for 35 days. And there's been years where we were open for 120 days. It's Mother Nature, it's fickle. And we're snow farmers. Sometimes we have a good snow crop and sometimes we don't.
Because of their reliance on machine-made snow, it's temperature, rather than snowfall, that matters most at Massanutten and the region's other ski resorts. Either way, there's a major, lurking challenge out there for Virginia snow farmers such as Hess: climate change.
HESS: We talk about what will that mean for us in 20 or 30 years, 10 years, 50 years, whatever that is.
Analyzing data from a weather station in nearby Luray, the University of Virginia Climatology Office found a statistically significant decrease in the number of cold winter nights between 1976 and 2011. Jerry Stenger, director of the climatology office, says the data show a trend of 7.5 fewer days per decade with low temperatures of 20 degrees or colder over that period. That's oddly specific language because records from the Luray station are a bit spotty, and because it's only describing one specific statistical analysis. Still, in layman's terms, it looks like really cold winter nights in the Valley aren't as common as they once were.
ADRIENNE SAIA ISAAC: In general, when you look at something, a sport like skiing, which is weather-dependent, regardless of your outlook on climate change, it's important to take some of the uncertainty out of your business.
Adrienne Saia Isaac is director of marketing and communications for the National Ski Areas Association. The group adopted an official climate change policy in 2002, and has been outspoken about the issue ever since.
ISAAC: To that end, NSAA has taken for the last 16 years a really focused effort on 'here's what we think climate change is going to bring to the industry and here are ways and resources for us to help you weather-proof your business' – and, in the bigger picture, hopefully stem some of the changes that we're seeing now.
Geraldine Link is director of public policy for the organization.
GERALDINE LINK: Some of the messages that we've been giving to resorts is mitigation, or reduction of your own footprint, because that's a really important thing that we can do as a business. And then on another front, we stress adaptation with our ski area members. And that means changes in your operations or your planning to account for the impacts that climate change will have on your business.
At Massanutten, adaptation has already taken at least two forms. First, says Hess, there's ever-improving snow-making technology that allows it and other resorts to take better advantage of any cold weather that comes along.
HESS: With the advances and the capital improvements, just because it's 45 degrees in Charlottesville or Harrisonburg or Newport News doesn't mean we don't have a good product.
And then, there's looking beyond skiing altogether.
HESS: We've put a lot more investment into our summer activities, with the water park, with the downhill mountain bike park.
Those investments certainly weren't made only because climate change may jeopardize skiing revenues. Still, they reduce the resort's reliance on skiing if climate change were to make it a less reliable proposition in the future.
HESS: Massanutten will still be here and will still be a viable resort whether we have skiing or not in 30 years or 40 years, because we don't rely on ski ticket sales to drive the engine of Massanutten.
That time still hasn't come, and the snow guns have been operating at full bore in recent days. Another ski season is about to begin, and Massanutten's snow farmers are putting in their crop, hoping for the best while already planning for the worst.
HESS: There's no magic number, like 'if we can't operate 50 days a year or 60 days a year or 70 days a year, at what point do we say 'this just isn't a viable enterprise anymore and let's put our eggs in another basket and go in another direction.' We haven't gotten to that point yet, and I hope we don't have to but it's something that's out there.


text:
Realme C21Y with triple-rear camera setup, reverse charging capability launched in India, price starts at Rs 8,999
Realme on Monday launched the C21Y smartphone with a 20:9 display and a triple-rear camera setup. The Realme C21Y boasts a 5,000mAh battery that also supports reverse charging. The Super Power Saving Mode technology delivers standby time of up to 2.33 days with just 5 percent charge. Among the preloaded features are Super NightScape and Chroma Boost for distinct camera results. The camera is also capable of slo-mo, full-HD video recording. The company has positioned the Realme C21Y against Redmi 9, Nokia G20 and Infinix Hot 10S. The company has priced the Realme C21Y at Rs 8,999 for the 3GB RAM + 32GB storage variant, while the 4GB RAM + 64GB option has been priced at Rs 9,999. The phone is available in two colours com, and select offline sellers. The Realme C21Y with dual-SIM capability runs the Android 11-based Realme UI. The phone features a 6.5-inch HD+ display (720×1,600 pixels) that comes with an aspect ratio of 20:9. The phone is powered by an octa-core Unisoc T610 SoC processor and comes with the Mali-G52 GPU with up to 4GB RAM. The phone It also houses a 2-megapixel monochrome sensor as well as a 2-megapixel macro shooter. The Realme C21Y has a 5-megapixel front camera housing an f lens for video chats and selfies. The internal storage, which goes up to 64 GB, also supports expansion up to 256 GB through microSD cards. Realme has provided a dedicated microSD card slot. The phone has a 3.5-mm headphone jack and Micro-USB. The phone also comes with a fingerprint sensor, placed on the back panel. The 5,000mAh battery Realme has provided supports reverse wired charging. The Realme C21Y, measuring 9.1 mm, weighs around 200 grams.
Beauty e-commerce platforms and brands take the next step towards digital transformation; posts a rise in sales
Digital transformation is what is driving the world today, especially when everyone is caught in the middle of a pandemic. Hence, as part of the transformation process, beauty brands have now added an array of services which use machine learning, artificial intelligence (AI) and virtual reality (VR) in an effort to provide a better shopping experience. This includes diagnosis, personalisation, to virtual-try-on, skin consultations, among others. Our aim is to take the whole offline experience online, In 2020, the company introduced features such as shoppable videos, customised user specific products which use machine learning algorithms, QR codes on products to drive incentives and view makeup tutorials, among others. The company claims that the conversion from its virtual try-on tool has increased by five times since the outbreak of the pandemic besides a 10 times rise in the usage rate. Brands too have caught onto the frenzy and claim that the move has helped in driving sales. L In 2018, the company bought ModiFace, an augmented reality firm, to offer virtual try-ons for make-up and hair colour and one-on-one beauty consultations via video chat. Interestingly, 18% of people bought personal care or beauty products online for the first time during the initial lockdown, According to a 2021 report by Avendus, the online personal care and beauty market in India is expected to reach $4.4 billion by 2025. The report added that beauty and personal care online shoppers are likely to go up by more than four times from 25 million in FY20 to 110 million in FY25. For industry experts, the future of beauty will reside in an omni-channel experience, bringing offline and online closer with the advent of a host of digital tools to enhance consumer experience. Furthermore, beauty players have focussed on upping online presence. For instance, Nykaa, a beauty and fashion ecommerce platform recently launched The Global Store, which aims to bring international beauty brands to Indian consumers. Customers will pay only one all-inclusive price, that will incorporate all customs, duties and taxes, Currently, the platform offers labels from countries across the world including the US, South Korea, Finland, Australia, and Dubai, among others. Interestingly, during the lockdown, L This set up for salon partners, drove retail business to more than 20,000 salons, Chilla noted. As for beauty brands, industry experts opine that in the long run, they need to be able to provide a seamless experience for shoppers across different touchpoints. For Sushmita Balasubramaniam, domain lead for CX and commerce at Kantar, South Asia, harmonised retail, which involves a blend of digital, physical and human experiences, is the way forward. The trick is to understand what the consumer is looking for at what touchpoint and be able to deliver that experience, Moreover, with the digital revolution allowing brands to expand distribution, organisations will need to be at the forefront of that revolution. Read Also: How Facebook is building Instagram as complete business solution for brands Follow us onTwitter,Instagram,LinkedIn,Facebook
India's wearable market logs over 118% growth to 11.2 million units in Q2: IDC
Indias wearables market grew 118.2 per cent year-on-year in the June 2021 quarter at 11.2 million units with strong shipments from homegrown brands in earwear and watches fuelling this growth, according to research firm IDC. The second wave of COVID-19 had a marginal impact as the overall wearable (which includes smartwatches, wrist bands and earwear) shipments declined by 1.3 per cent sequentially in the June quarter. Partial lockdowns, weekend curfews, and disrupted supply chains resulted in a skewed slump in the early-quarter shipments, IDC said. However, unlike last year the market was quick to recover as the vendors stocked the channels to fulfil the pent-up consumer demand in the quarter, it added. IDC India Research Manager (Client Devices) Jaipal Singh said the robust growth in wearable is attracting brands who have businesses around devices and accessories to expand their presence across all wearable categories. Thus, the influx of new entrants remains a key driver of growth. As we approach the festive season, vendors and channel partners are gearing up for record level of demand with the intention of further corrections in the prices, Singh added. Singh noted that an upside of over 35 per cent seems an easily achievable feat in the second half of 2021 when compared to the same period last year. However, vendors will be selective in their channel inventory with focus remains on e-tailers as concerns around COVID-19 third wave still prevails in the country, he added. Watches continued to be the fastest-growing category accounting for 81.2 per cent share in the wristwear category that includes watches and wristbands – up from 35 per cent a year ago. The earwear category also maintained its momentum, doubling its shipments in the June quarter and remains the largest category (in terms of number of units shipped) in the wearables market in India. As per the data, earwear category logged shipment of 9.2 million units, wrist band was 372,000 units and watch 1.6 million units in the June 2021 quarter. IDC said over the quarters, the watch form factor seems to be appealing to the consumers, and Indian brands have been quicker to leverage this trend and align their device portfolio. Among the top five (watch) brands, three spots are captured by Indian brands, while Huami (Amazfit) and Realme are at third and fifth positions, respectively. Noise continues to be the leading player in the overall watch category for five straight quarters with a 28.6 per cent share in Q2 2021, it added. Boat ranked second with 26.9 per cent share. Fire-boltt, another homegrown brand, entered at fourth position in just three quarters of starting its business in this category. Xiaomi maintained the numero uno spot in the wristband category with 38.9 per cent share, followed by Oneplus (21.7 per cent) and Titan 21.3 per cent share. Affordability has been the key for Indian brands, and these brands have been immensely successful in gaining a significant portion of the watch market with competitive pricing, aggressive marketing, and faster adoption of new features, Anisha Dumbre, Market Analyst (Client Devices) at IDC India, said. This new generation of homegrown brands are digitally native, aware of their limitations and selectively targeting the gaps. However, they need to be watchful of the China-based brands, who going forward will be aggressive by introducing more sub-brands and leveraging the ecosystem play, Dumbre added. Boats aggressive shipments and diverse portfolio helped it gain 45.5 per cent share in the earwear category (and 39.6 per cent share of the True Wireless Stereo (TWS) or earbuds segment) in the June quarter, IDC said. OnePlus finished second with an 8.5 per cent earwear category share in the second quarter. Even in the earwear category, the homegrown brands have a strong dominance as their share has reached 71.5 per cent in Q2 2021 from just 31.2 per cent in Q2 2020. Ptron, Zebronics, Noise, Portronics, Boult Audio, and Truke were among the key prominent brands that supported the dominance of homegrown brands in this category, it added.
Pfizer, Moderna vaccines wouldn't have got nod had they done phase 3 trials in 2nd wave: Krishna Ella
US pharma giants Pfizer and Moderna would not have got approval for their COVID-19 vaccines had they conducted phase-three clinical trials during the second coronavirus wave which was driven by the Delta variant, Krishna Ella, Chairman and Managing Director of Bharat Biotech said on Wednesday. Hyderabad-based Bharat Biotech, the manufacturer of COVID-19 Covaxin, said the efficacy of its vaccine would have been 85 per cent against the original strain of the virus If Pfizer and Moderna (would) have done a phase-three clinical trial during the second wave, they would not have got the license for the product, So they succeeded in getting 90 per cent efficacy but now the same vaccine is showing a 35 per cent efficacy in Israel, The Delta variant is known to be more virulent than the earlier strains of SARS-CoV2. there was a delay in the regulatory process and we got stuck in the second wave. And (we were) lucky that in the second wave, we almost got 77 per cent efficacy. But had it been the Wuhan strain and not Delta we would have got 85 per cent efficacy, Covaxin is one of the three vaccines that is being administered in the country. The drug regulator in the country has given Emergency Use Authorisation (EUA) to Moderna and Johnson and Johnson.
Sensex, Nifty may follow global peers; 5 things to know before today's opening bell
Domestic equity markets surged higher during the previous session, nearing their all-time highs. SP BSE Sensex now sits at 55,958 while the NSE Nifty 50 is at 16,624. Broader markets participated in yesterday Entering the third trading session of the week, SGX Nifty was up in the green, hinting at another positive start for domestic equities. Global cues during the early hours of trade were also positive as most Asian Stock markets moved higher, mirroring Wall Street Global watch: On Wall Street, NASDAQ surged 0.52% during the previous trading session followed by SP 500 and the Dow Jones. Among Asian stock markets, Hang Seng, Shanghai Composite, TOPIX, and Nikkei 225 were trading with gains while KOSPI and KOSDAQ were down in the red. Technical take: Nifty reclaimed 16,600 during the previous session, forming a small positive candle on the daily chart with minor upper and lower shadow, according to Nagaraj Shetti, Technical Research Analyst, HDFC Securities. Tuesdays up-move was accompanied by positive overall market breadth and outperformance in the broad market indices like mid-cap and small-cap segments of NSE exchange. This is a positive indication and signals more upside in the short term, Levels to watch out: The pull-back rally of the previous two sessions indicates the index is likely to consolidate between 16500 to 16720 levels, said Shrikant Chouhan, Executive Vice President, Equity Technical Research, Kotak Securities. Shrikant Chouhan believes the index is vulnerable below 16500. FII and DII watch: Foreign Institutional Investors (FII) were net sellers of domestic stock for the sixth consecutive trading session. FIIs pulled out Rs 1,644 crore from domestic markets yesterday. Domestic Institutional Investors (DII) were net buyers, pumping in Rs 2,380 crore. Subramanian exuded confidence that the government
India's crude oil production continues to fall, dips 3.2 pc in July
Indias crude oil production continued its declining trend, falling by over 3 per cent in July as state-owned ONGC produced less than the target. The countrys crude oil production declined by 3.2 per cent in July to 2.5 million tonnes when compared with the previous year, and by 3.37 per cent in April-July to 9.9 million tonnes, according to data released by the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas on Tuesday. Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC), the nations largest oil and gas producer, produced 1.6 million tonnes of crude in July. This was 4.2 per cent lower than last year and 3.8 per cent less than the target of 1.7 million tonnes. During April-July, ONGCs oil output fell 4.8 per cent to 6.4 million tonnes. Natural gas production showed a contrasting trend. Helped by KG-D6 fields of Reliance-BP, gas production rose 18.36 per cent year-on-year to 2.9 billion cubic metres and by almost 20 per cent in April-July to 11 bcm. While gas production from ONGCs fields fell over 10 per cent, output from eastern offshore – where the KG-D6 fields are located – jumped 12-fold to 573.13 million cubic metres. Increase in gas production is through contributions from D-34 field of block KG-DWN-98\/3 (KG-D6), which commenced from December 18, 2020 (and) wells from satellite cluster (commenced with effect from April 25, 2021), the explanatory note to the data said. As fuel demand rebounded, oil refineries processed more crude oil in July. At 19.4 million tonnes, crude processing in July was 9.6 per cent higher than the year-ago period. The crude throughput in July was the highest in three months, as the easing of coronavirus restrictions boosted economic activity and fed demand for fuel. Public sector refineries processed 5.6 per cent more crude at 11 million tonnes while private refiner Reliance Industries turned 14.4 per cent more crude into fuel. Refineries produced 6.7 per cent more petroleum products in July at 20.7 million tonnes and 13 per cent more in April-July at 80.6 million tonnes. Overall, the refineries operated at 91.34 per cent of their installed capacity.
Koo user base touches 1 crore mark; eyes 10 crore users over next one year
Koos user base has touched 1 crore mark, and the homegrown microblogging platform is eyeing a massive headroom for growth as it aims to reach 10 crore users over the next one year, its co-founder said. Koo co-founder Aprameya Radhakrishna believes that despite the significant surge in its user base, the platform has not even scratched the surface when it comes to the growth potential offered by the market, where less than two per cent of internet users actually use microblogging platforms to express themselves. Microblogging in India is restricted to less than two per cent, if you look at only English. The fact that microblogging will enable their voice to be heard by anyone in the country, is something that 98 per cent of the internet-using population is not even aware of. That is the market Koo is looking at, Radhakrishna told PTI. Twitter-rival Koo has crossed the milestone of 1 crore users within 15-16 months of its launch. Of this, nearly 85 lakh downloads have come since February this year. About 700 million (70 crore) people are using the internet today and all of them have a thought or opinion (on various issues). Making them aware of the fact that Koo exists and they can actually come and say what is on their mind on Koo, is what our headroom for growth is. Today we are not even scratching the surface, we can grow much more he said. Founded by Radhakrishna and Mayank Bidawatka, Koo was launched last year to allow users to express themselves and engage on the platform in Indian languages. It supports multiple languages including Hindi, Telugu and Bengali, among others. Koos popularity in India peaked amid the Indian governments spat with Twitter and growing calls for expanding the ecosystem of homegrown digital platforms. Koo saw a massive growth in its user base over the past few months, after union ministers and government departments in India endorsed the homegrown microblogging platform. Radhakrishna said he does not anticipate any let up in demand, nor expect the enthusiasm for homegrown microblogging solution to wane-off. The platform is firmly focused on enabling freedom of speech for those who do not have it on the internet today, he said and added that adhering to local laws and rules is integral to its business model. Our headroom for growth is tremendous, and we hope to hit 100 million downloads in the next one year from 10 million now, and after that to take it to 500 million in the next few years, he said. India remains a critical market for Internet companies like Facebook, WhatsApp and Twitter with its large population base and burgeoning internet adoption. The country – which is the worlds second-largest telecom market and the biggest consumer of data – enforced new IT intermediary rules earlier this year, aiming to bring greater accountability for big tech companies, including Twitter and Facebook.
Fitbit Sense: Get a better Sense of your overall health
Fitbit is breaking new ground with its wearables, helping you better understand and manage your stress and heart health. For evidence, take a look at Fitbit Sense priced at Rs 22,999, its most ambitious smartwatch till date. A health watch with an ECG app, it pulls your key health metrics together in a simple and digestible way to track things like skin temperature, heart rate variability and SpO2 so you can see how it In the box, youll get the Sense watch with small band, charging cable and additional large band. To get started, download the Fitbit app from Apple App Store or Google Play Store, install the app and open it. Log into your Fitbit account, continue to follow the on-screen instructions, everything is a breeze here. Open the Fitbit app on your phone to view your activity, health metrics, and sleep data; log food and water; and more. I Made of stainless steel, the Sense is small and light, making it comfortable to wear both day and night. Its AMOLED display is bright, colourful, and crisp, and easy to read even outdoors. The near edge-to-edge display is more responsive, with increased resolution. The screen has three different brightness settings, and you can either adjust the timeout or set it to always-on (which reduces the battery life to about two days). There Fitbit Sense is the most ambitious when it comes to new health features like the EDA and skin temperature sensors. The EDA sensor measures electrodermal activity responses. Simply place your palm over the face of the device to detect small electrical changes in the sweat level of your skin. You can do a quick EDA Scan session on device to see your responses, or pair it with guided mindfulness sessions in the Fitbit app. At the end of your session, you will see an EDA response graph on-device and in the mobile app to gauge your progress over time. Its ECG app assesses your heart rhythm for signs of atrial fibrillation (AFib), a condition that affects more than 33.5 million people globally. Simply hold your fingers on the corners of the stainless steel ring around the watch while being still for 30 seconds to receive a reading that can be downloaded to share with your doctor. Moving forward, Fitbit Sense adds a new skin temperature sensor to detect changes to your wellbeing that may potentially be a sign of a fever, illness or the start of a new menstrual phase. Wearing your device when youre asleep each night lets you regularly measure your skin temperature variation to see trends, versus looking at your temperature at a specific moment in time. Fitbit Sense combines all of the key health, fitness and smart features found on Fitbit You can stay connected with a range of smart features for added convenience, including a built-in speaker and microphone to take calls and reply to texts with voice commands, choice of Amazon Alexa or Google voice assistants, clock faces and more, while still maintaining an impressive 6+ days In summary, Fitbit Sense is a great-looking watch that comes packed with even more advanced health, fitness and convenience features. A highly recommended gadget for all-round physical and mental health tracking. KEY FEATURES On-wrist stress tracking with EDA sensor Heart health notification ECG app Sleep tracking sleep score Pace distance with built-in GPS Get call, text app notifications Estimated street price: Rs 22,999
Zydus Cadila's COVID-19 vaccine can be available from first week of Oct
The Union government is expecting Zydus Cadila Further, a decision on whether all children or only those with co-morbidities will be administered the COVID-19 vaccine on priority has not yet been taken, the government said on Thursday. Indigenously developed Zydus Cadila On the kind of negotiations in terms of pricing and when the government plans to procure ZyCoV-D, Union Health Secretary Rajesh Bhushan said, On whether children with comorbidities would be prioritised for vaccination, Bhushan said whether all children should be taken up on priority or children with comorbidities should be taken up is an issue on which the standing committee on COVID-19 of NTAGI makes a recommendation. Covishield, Covaxin and Sputnik V vaccines are being given to only those above 18 years and unlike ZyCoV-D, which is three-dose, these are administered in two doses. The Department of Biotechnology (DBT) has said that ZyCoV-D is the world It said that interim results from Phase-III clinical trials in over 28,000 volunteers showed primary efficacy of 66.6 per cent for symptomatic RT-PCR positive cases. This has been the largest vaccine trial so far in India for COVID-19, the DBT said. The vaccine had already exhibited robust immunogenicity and tolerability and safety profile in the adaptive phase one and two clinical trials. Both Phase one\/two and Phase three clinical trials have been monitored by an independent data safety monitoring board, it added.
DBSE to conduct tests for admission to Specialised Schools of Excellence from Aug 27-31
2015年4月7日 SHLF 0 Comments
The Delhi Board of School Education (DBSE) will be conducting aptitude tests for admission to Specialised Schools of Excellence (SoSE) from August 27-31, according to officials. Over 26,000 applications have been received for the three hour long test which will be conducted in 64 schools. Students, who applied to multiple specialisations but did not state a final preference by August 24, have been allotted the campus chosen in their first registration, Early this year, the Delhi government had approved the formation of the DBSE to move away from one-time end of the year, rote-learning based examination system and instead create a framework of continuous assessment. In the current academic year, 30 schools are affiliated to the DBSE. In next the few years, all government schools of Delhi will be affiliated to the DBSE which has started functioning in partnership with the International Baccalaureate.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Every nation in the world is battling to control the problem of pests for many years. As a result of these attempts, many pest controllers have emerged with their multiple solutions of pest control. Just as other countries, people in London also seek the best solutions to get rid of the problems of pests in their home and workspaces. Though controlling pests is not a joke, but it requires an expertise and advanced knowledge of pest control solutions. Pest controllers London know the way to deal with this concern; hence, they are loved by residents in London whenever they suffer from pests issue in their home or office premises.
Although, many people think that pest control does not require any expertise or expert, but anyone can do it by the use of pest control solutions available in the market. However, doing it yourself has tremendous issues that sometimes cause life threatening incidents. Therefore, it is always recommended to leave this job on pest controllers London experts if you do not want your life to be stuck up in a problem.
The Pest is nothing different from a harmful insect or animal of any kind. These animals are highly detrimental to our health as well as the entire ecology. Some pests are also known as organisms, weeds and fungi. There are so many types of pests that are found in our ecology and here, we first describe various types of pests to make you aware of them.
In the list of common pests in our surroundings, caterpillar is the one that is known for damaging crops. Termites are another popular pest type that are famous for damaging home structures and furniture. In addition, cockroaches, wasps, flies and ants are also common pest types. Rodents and rats are harmful pests that do not just encourage infections, but also invites several diseases to our family. At times, when seagulls, crows and pigeon grow in numbers, they are also called pests because they start causing damage to the ecology.
Depending on the pests issue in your place, the pest controllers London use multiple solutions to control the growing population of pests. These pest solutions are categorised in different parts ranging from organic pest control solution, biological pest control, repellents, chemical pest control, sterilization, electronic and ultrasonic pest control solutions.
The skilled pest controllers offer a range of solutions to eradicate the problem of pests from the root. Today, these companies use ultrasound electronic devices to control pests in home. This is a technology-driven method and are not killers of pests. They are used to drive the pests away from a home and discouraging them to enter that place again.
As they don't use any chemical, they are highly safe and effective solutions to control pests. In hotels, food stalls and restaurants, these devices are used extensively. If you too concern about pests in your home, then contact a good pest controller in your area.


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Thousands of years ago, even before recorded history, there were 2 groups, named the Guardians and the Imperils.
Both groups were very skilled with magic, and both sects both penned scrolls, the Guardian's scrolls being mostly alchemy and spells for medical healing. The Imperils also wrote scrolls of alchemy, and assorted spells to increase the effectiveness of soldiers, and the Imperils also penned one very special scroll.
It wasn't long before war broke out between the two,and after centuries, the war was over, and all but one of the scrolls destroyed. The final one was hidden away, as it could not be destroyed, and for the benefit of humanity, would remain hidden.
"...there's a fundamental truth to our nature. Man must explore."
A previously unknown hidden chamber beneath the Sphinx is discovered.
Chamber is opened, in it there is one scroll.
After being analyzed, the scroll is suspected to be written in a lost language.
The scroll is placed in the Cairo Museum of Antiquities.
Some visitors standing near the display complain of headaches and stomachaches.
Scroll is stolen. There are no leads.
Needless to say, the Imperials have made a return, as well as the Guardians, although both groups, after millennia of rest, their magical powers are waning. It seems that the Imperials may finally win and ageless war, with the scroll, Incantation of Apep, which was made to summon the serpent god of Chaos, Apophis.
Will you join the side of evil, looking to rule the world with the chaos god?
Or will you join the side of good, needing to secure the scroll and keep the world safe?
I'll wait for a couple more people than start a CS thread and give more info.
And after the RP start's I'll have to select a few players for the special races.


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using SharpDX;
using SharpDX.DirectWrite;

// These are based off the samples from SharpDX: https://github.com/sharpdx/SharpDX-Samples/tree/master/WindowsDesktop/DirectWrite/CustomFont
namespace CocosSharp
{
    /// <summary>
    /// ResourceFont main loader. This classes implements FontCollectionLoader and FontFileLoader.
    /// It reads all fonts embedded as resource in the current assembly and expose them.
    /// </summary>
    internal partial class PrivateFontLoader : CallbackBase, FontCollectionLoader, FontFileLoader
    {

        /// <summary>
        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="PrivateFontLoader"/> class.
        /// This does not load any font resources for right now.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="factory">The factory.</param>
        public PrivateFontLoader(Factory factory)
        {
            _factory = factory;

            // Build a Key storage that stores the index of the font
            _keyStream = new DataStream(sizeof(int) * _fontStreams.Count, true, true);
            for (int i = 0; i < _fontStreams.Count; i++)
                _keyStream.Write((int)i);
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            // Register the
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


This is a guest post from Murray Garde. You can see his thoughts about local hand-sign language here.
This piece was originally posted in the October edition of Land Rights News, published by the Northern Land Council.
FOR more than 20 years, Dr Murray Garde has been working as an interpreter in the Kunwinjku language of Western Arnhem Land.
The Northern Land Council engaged Mr Garde to act as an interpreter with Traditional Owners of Gunbalanya after they signed an Agreement In Principle in August for a 99-year township lease to the Commonwealth.
Mr Garde's account of that assignment is a cautionary tale for governments, agencies and businesses which want to do serious business with remote Aboriginal communities where English is often a far-from-first language.
Importantly, this account should ring loud alarm bells in the office of the Executive Director of Township Leasing.
Kunwinjku is the main variety of a language sometimes called Bininj Gunwok by linguists, which is a chain of dialects that stretches from Kakadu National Park in the west to Maningrida in the east.
In the 1980s and 1990s, I lived for many years on outstations south of Maningrida, working as an outstation school teacher, and learnt the language from daily interaction with Bininj (Aboriginal people). As I became more fluent in the language, I was often asked to interpret at important community meetings and sometimes in the courts or hospitals. Later I started working as an interpreter for cultural institutions, Aboriginal associations and government agencies.
I obtained accreditation as a Kunwinjku-English interpreter/translator in the early 1990s from the National Accrediting Authority of Translators and Interpreters (NAATI).
Interpreters who work with Australian languages also have to be keenly sensitive not only to linguistic differences but also to cultural practices that give rise to culturally-specific and different ways of speaking. Working as an interpreter between English and an Australian language like Kunwinjku is much more complicated in some ways, compared with working across languages that have common cultural backgrounds, such as English and another European language like French.
Many monolingual speakers of English assume that words and concepts in English have exact analogue equivalents in all other languages of the world, including Australian languages. This is definitely not necessarily the case and ignorance of this simple linguistic fact can leads to a lot of cross-linguistic miscommunication. Interpreting between English and Kunwinjku can involve a lot of paraphrasing in order to explain concepts or terms that are in one of the two languages but not in the other.
Another problem I encounter frequently as an interpreter is the assumption of monolingual English-only speakers that, without any specialist training, it is possible to assess correctly the level of English comprehension of people whose first language is a language like Kunwinjku. I have on a few occasions been asked by some non-Indigenous participants at meetings, "Why do we need you as an interpreter? Person X speaks to me in English all the time." But frequently these are not everyday meetings, because they involve incredibly weighty technical issues relating to topics such as mining, land tenure, community governance, complicated legal issues, climate change science, complex medical procedures and so on.
Non-Indigenous people can also forget that many people in remote Indigenous communities, for whatever reason, did not have any access to a high school education. The comment, "Why do we need an interpreter?" suggests that many non-Indigenous residents or professional visitors to remote communities are claiming to have expertise in assessing second language competency when clearly this is not their area of professional training expertise.
Using an interpreter can also interfere with and complicate the rubber-stamp approach to the consent-seeking process that characterises so much government policy implementation work in Aboriginal communities. Basically this entails government representatives telling Bininj what the changes to community governance will be and why they need to consent to such changes. This is then followed by some kind of document-signing 'ceremony' which purports to provide evidence of consent. Bininj may go through the motions to keep others who pressure them happy, but they do not necessarily share such foreign cultural protocols for establishing community consent and consensus.
One current example of this cross-cultural misadventure relates to the issue of township leasing proposed for Gunbalanya in western Arnhem Land.
An information campaign to convince the traditional owners of the Gunbalanya to enter into a 99-year township lease (under section 19A of the Land Rights Act), and to inform them of benefits that would accrue from the lease, is in full swing. A number of meetings between Australian Government representatives and traditional owners have already taken place at Gunbalanya.
On 18 August this year, the Minister for Indigenous Affairs, Mr Nigel Scullion, attended a meeting about township leasing at Gunbalanya and traditional owners were asked to sign a document entitled "Agreement in Principle". It sets out the 'key terms' of a Section 19A lease between traditional owners (represented by a law firm funded by the Australian Government), and the Australian Government. The document was signed by the traditional owners of Gunbalanya in the presence of Minister Scullion.
After the meeting and signing, one of the Gunbalanya traditional owners, Ms Julie Narndal, obtained independent advice from another lawyer in order to better understand the meaning of the document she had just signed. Two days later she then sent a letter through her lawyer to the Northern Land Council stating that she did not understand what she had signed on 18 August. This immediately raised questions about whether or not the process of obtaining "free, prior and informed consent" had been observed in relation to the other traditional owners as well. To date, no qualified Kunwinjku-English interpreters have been employed during these complex negotiations.
In order to discharge its statutory obligations and to better assess the level of understanding by the rest of the traditional owner group, the Northern Land Council undertook further discussions at Gunbalanya on 31 August. I was contracted to act as an interpreter during these consultations. I enquired in Kunwinjku about how well the traditional owners had understood the details set out in the "Agreement in Principle" document which they had signed.
They told me in Kunwinjku that in signing the document they were expressing a willingness to have further discussions with the Australian Government about township leasing. They told me that in signing the document they were not expressing any intention to agree or disagree with township leasing but that they were open to further discussions — and that was all.
There seemed to be a clash between their understanding of what it was they had signed, and the actual contents of the document.
One of the later paragraphs of that letter claimed that "our clients wish to speed up progress" in relation to the leasing negotiations.
The letter also claimed that the traditional owners were "frustrated" with the slow progress on township leasing since the initial proposal was made by the Australian Government in 2013.
I interpreted the contents of the letter and asked if this indeed reflected their position. They were shocked. "We never said that," they told me in Kunwinjku. They then told me that their position in fact was the opposite and that they wanted the whole issue to proceed very slowly and carefully, so that they could have enough time to get the right information and achieve consensus as a group in order to come to a decision.
They also told me that they had made no such decision in relation to township leasing and that they were not "delighted" to sign a "Memorandum of Understanding regarding the commercial terms agreed" as the letter claimed. A number of times I was told this in Kunwinjku: "Yeledj ngarri-djare ngarri-wokbekkarren rowk, yeledj, ba ngarri-wokmarnburren", which in English is: "We want things to proceed slowly so that we can consider everything slowly and come to a decision".
The group made it clear that they were confused about the implications of township leasing in relation to their rights as traditional owners. They were aware that there were financial incentives on offer but they did not know that these upfront payments would effectively be an advance to be repaid, in that after a certain period the costs of the Executive Director of Township Leasing would be recovered from sub-lease payments. Further, these costs appear not to be capped. It is theoretically possible that under these terms traditional owners could get very little or no payments should the EDTL expenses be substantial.
It was also explained to the traditional owners during these consultations that under a Section 19A township lease, the Executive Director of Township Leasing would need only to consult with the traditional owners about sub-leases.
Any rights they would have enjoyed under the Land Rights Act to "free, prior and informed consent" about sub-leases would no longer apply. "Bolkkime ngarri-bekkan manekke kun-wok!"-"That's the first time we have heard/understood this information," they replied.
It was also explained to the traditional owners by NLC representatives that there were several choices available to them. Firstly, they could agree to a long-term township lease under Section 19A of the Land Rights Act. Secondly, the same outcome with different terms and benefits to traditional owners is also possible under Section 19 of the same Act. A third option is that the traditional owners are free to choose neither arrangement.
Again, traditional owners replied that these options were new information that had not been discussed with them previously. It is difficult to reconcile how traditional owners could have signed the "Agreement in Principle" with 'key terms' on August 18, with the required principle of "free, prior and informed consent" based on what they told me in Kunwinjku.
Communication across the cultural divide is hard enough at the best of times.
The current negotiations involve technical and legal complexities with serious implications for Bininj who live in Gunbalanya today, as well as for future generations of land owners and residents. Understanding these complex issues also means sharing a vast amount of non-Indigenous cultural and legal knowledge that can be taken for granted by one side of the cultural divide but not the other.
I listened to comments from traditional owners during my role as interpreter about a range of matters that suggest that all parties still have a long way to go in order to secure the principle of free, prior and informed consent.
What is "an act" in the legal sense? What is a "section" of a statute? Who is this ABA that everyone keeps talking about?
Quantification and numbers are not easy concepts for languages which do not specialise in them. Numbers in phrases that keep appearing in English, such as "99-year lease" and "Section 19" or "Section 19A", are confusing and currently impenetrable terms for Bininj because no one has really taken the time to explain what they mean. It has just been assumed that this is shared cultural and legal knowledge when clearly it is not.
In order to engage traditional owners in a process such as this, Bininj need time to explore the large amounts of complicated information over a timeframe with which they feel comfortable.
They've made it clear that they don't want to be rushed and they clearly feel uncomfortable with the many requests for them to attend meetings and constantly engage.
To date, the negotiations have caused stress and irritation for traditional owners.
The perception of how the process has proceeded was described to me by other Bininj in the community as "Kabindi-kebdjirrkkan kurebeh kondabeh", which literally means: "They are having their faces pushed this way and that way".
Traditional owners will need further assistance to make sense of the vast amounts of unfamiliar legal information which will need to be provided in Kunwinjku as well as English.
It's not always easy to have an accredited interpreter present at every meeting but it can be argued that no free, prior and informed consent can be obtained without consultation and deliberation being conducted in Kunwinjku, which is the first language of all traditional owners at Gunbalanya.
Photo: Murray Garde at work in south-central Arnhem Land.
This article by Murray Garde flags lessons for all parties, including the NLC, which are involved in consultations with Aboriginal communities where English is far from being the predominant language.
Murray Garde is highly qualified for this assignment, and the NLC has total confidence in his expertise as an interpreter.
Linguists have taught us for a long time about the problems that arise from cross-purposes communication.
Murray Garde's article demonstrates the value – indeed, in some instances, the necessity – of engaging an experienced cross-cultural interpreter for complex negotiations such as those that arise from profoundly important public policies that will have impact on the lives of current and future generations of Aboriginal people.
He has revealed the complexity of these negotiations and demonstrated that there are big holes in the understanding of Traditional Owners at Gunbalanya about the substance of negotiations so far towards the Commonwealth's goal of securing a 99-year-lease over their community.


text:
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With a prime location in a busy shopping strip along this main beachside thoroughfare, this busy bayside hair salon business for sale is both walking distance to the beach & the train station!
Established for over 20 years, this chic salon holds a highly sought after spot in this bayside suburb. High exposure from an enormous amount of passing traffic, it is also easily accessible by train & bus with parking at the door.
Turning over $4,000 per week, this salon operates Tuesday to Saturday with a late night Thursday. The business runs under management with 2 full time staff servicing all clientele.
The salon is laid out with 6 stations, 2 basins, a beauty room & store room.
Turning over $4,000 per week, this business is ideal for a hairdresser planning to work full time or part time in the salon, use it as part time income or take over & bring in more clientele to take home more profit.
Long lease remaining of 1x3x3 with cheap rent of $550 per week.
Fantastic opportunity to take over a well established business with staff in place & a large loyal client base. No online presence so there is enormous potential for growth!


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SANTA MONICA, Calif., May 10, 2018 /PRNewswire/ -- Licensing Expo, the world's largest and most influential brand licensing industry event, today announced growing participation from international brands, licensors and licensees in its international pavilions including China, Japan and Mexico. This year, new international exhibitors including TOHO Co. LTD, Spin Master Ltd and Van Gogh Museum Enterprises B.V. have signed on to participate. Additionally, well-known international licensing veterans including Sanrio, Rovio, Rainbow and Smiley will be in attendance this year.
Licensing Expo takes place May 22–24, 2018 at the Mandalay Bay Convention Center in Las Vegas, Nevada. For more information and to register as media, please visit: licensingexpo.com/press/register.
Leading international exhibitors from Argentina, Canada, Finland, India, Italy, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Netherlands, Singapore and Taiwan are participating in Licensing Expo 2018.
According to the 2017 Annual LIMA Global Licensing Industry Survey, the United States remains the largest market for the sales of brand-licensed products, representing around 55% of the $262 B global market in 2016. Furthermore, in License Global's Top 150 Global Licensors Report, the top 10 licensors are based in the United States. Licensing Expo provides international brands with the opportunity to meet with the largest gathering of USA product makers and retailers in the world. Exhibiting international brands form licensing partnerships with the thousands of product makers and retailers attending. Licensing Expo also attracts product makers and retailers from all over the world, with over 30% of attendees attending from outside the US, representing more than 67 countries.
"As the world becomes smaller via the digital landscape, intellectual properties know no boundaries. Consumers hold affinity for brands, wherever they may be, and they're willing to show their support and appreciation," said Jessica Blue, senior vice president, Global Licensing Group, UBM. "We are proud to host international exhibitors and pavilions that are bringing a varied roster of brands and properties to the licensing industry's biggest stage."
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Van Gogh Museum Enterprises B.V.
Launched in 1980, Licensing Expo is the world's largest and most influential annual trade show dedicated to licensing and brand extension. The show floor is merchandised into two zones: Characters and Entertainment and Brands, Agents and Design. More than 16,000 retailers, licensees, manufacturers, distributors and licensing agents attend the Expo from more than 67 countries. The following events and information products are produced for the licensing industry by the Global Licensing Group at UBM: Licensing Expo, Brand Licensing Europe, Licensing Expo Japan, Licensing Expo China, NYC Licensing Summit, License Global magazine, License Global Daily E-news and License TV. Licensing Expo is organized by UBM plc. UBM is the largest pure-play B2B events organizer in the world. Our 3,750+ people, based in more than 20 countries, serve more than 50 different sectors. Our deep knowledge and passion for these sectors allow us to create valuable experiences which enable our customers to succeed. Please visit www.ubm.com for the latest news and information about UBM.
The Global Licensing Group at UBM is the global licensing industry's leading tradeshow organizer and media partner. Its mission is to provide opportunities around the world to bring brands and products together to explore and cement licensing partnerships. The following events and information products are produced for the licensing industry by the Global Licensing Group at UBM: Licensing Expo, Brand Licensing Europe, Licensing Expo Japan, Licensing Expo China, NYC Licensing Summit, License Global magazine, License Global Daily E-news and License TV.


Our oldest son received his acceptance letter from the University of Oklahoma. That was a great day for him and a proud parent moment for us. It started the wheels turning for me and I kept thinking, "I could do that, why haven't I continued my college education?" I had earned an associate degree nine years earlier and left it at that.
And then… my husband got laid off. After eight years of employment preceded by 23 in the Navy Submarine force, we found ourselves questioning everything. Here was an intelligent, capable man who went into work and left with no idea when the next paycheck would come. While he worried about providing for our family I witnessed his confidence shaken to the core. It hurt to watch him question his abilities. It sealed my decision to return to college, get my degree in business, and help put us in a position and mindset that we would be okay. We would both have the ability to provide for our family whether or not the other was actively employed.
I am so glad I went back to school! I stopped making excuses and completed my degree.
I honestly thought, at 43, I would be the oldest in the classroom. Nope, there are a lot of returning adults. That's a great thing! Keep challenging yourself, keep growing. Excuses like, "I'm too old," or "but, I'll be blahblah next year." Yes, you will be and so what?! It's coming whether you go for it at not. Go for it!
Too many times we get complacent with where we are. That place becomes harder to change. By going back to school, you will find yourself changing, learning new things, meeting people of all ages, and gaining valuable new experiences.
I met some amazing people. Helpful, kind, funny, determined, they worked together to push me, challenge me, and be my cheer squad. College students are a great group of people determined to finish what was started. My age was a non issue, everyone was in the 'college student' group. What a great group!
My husband and sons are the best!
Our boys were 18, 17, and 1.5 when I started back to school. They were amazing! (I'm not just saying that because they're mine!) They watched their little brother when I went to class or studied. They made dinners and picked up the slack when needed. They were encouraging and pushed me to do my best. Their love and support kept me moving forward one semester at a time until it was finished.
Knowledge is power so they say. Going back to college gave me knowledge and empowered me to take a path I had only dreamed.
I encourage you to challenge yourself, if you've been thinking about it, now is the time to start. You'll be so glad you did. You can do it! Go do great things.


ALL Masonry Construction Company Inc. is a full-service Certified Minority Business Enterprise (MBE) contracting firm that has the ability to offer clients both new construction and renovation services. Family-owned and -operated since 1959, we ensure that each project we take on is performed in a personalized manner. Our dedicated team of experts has the resources, accountability, qualifications, and vision to complete each project in a safe and environmentally friendly fashion, without going over budget and never compromising our high standards. Working in both the private and public sectors, ALL Masonry has completed projects in all aspects of new construction including concrete and masonry restoration, general contracting with emphasis on job order contracts (JOCs) and rainscreen masonry. As we grow as a company, we promise to never compromise our integrity and attention to detail that made us who we are today.


Cisco VPN :: Extend Production VLAN Behind ASA5510 To Remote Site And 2821?
Cisco AAA/Identity/Nac :: ASA5510 / VPN Client And Clientless Users Not Authenticating With AD?
ACS 5.2 , and I can't find document about how to configure remote access vpn authentication in ACS 5.2.
I have a Cisco ASA 5510. I have configured Cisco Anyconnect to authenticate via Windows IAS. We had an outage of that server recently and I tried to remote in via anyconnect and could not. Once the IAS server came up I could get back into the network.
Is there a command that I'm missing that will let me use Anyconnect to connect into the network even if my AAA server is down?
At first I use ACS 4.2 to create static ip address user for remote access VPN,It's easy,just configuration it at user set>Client IP Address Assignment>Assign static IP address,but when I use ACS 5.2 I dont't know how to do it.
Step 2Select System Administration > Configuration > Dictionaries > Identity > Internal Users.
Step 4Add static IP attribute.
Step 5Select Users and Identity Stores > Internal Identity Stores > Users.
Step 7Edit the static IP attribute of the user.
I just do it,but it's not work.When I use EasyVPN client to connect ASA 5520,user could success to authentication but will not get the static IP address which I configure on Internal Users,so the tunnel set up failed.I try to Configure a IP pool on ASA for ACS users get IP address,and use EasyVPN client to connect ASA , everything is OK,user authenticate successed.but when I kill IP pool coufigurations and use the "add a static IP address to user "configurations,EzVPN are failed. how to use ACS 5.2 to create a static ip address user for remote access VPN?
I have an ASA 5510 and would like to extend one of the subnets behind this ASA out to my house that has a cable modem, a wireless router/switch and then behind that I have a 2821 router. I've been reading and it looks like L2TP may be the way to go but can't find and config examples. Again, I would like to securely extend one and nail up a permanent connection of one of the VLANs in the production network all the way into my house using my cable modem and the 2821. Any config examples! Also, any IOS recommendations for the 2821. Lastly, does L2TP look like the way I need to go? I'm attaching a very basic Visio diagram of what I'm trying to do.
Just recently we replaced our HQ Cisco-Pix with Cisco-ASA 5510. where we have many branches connecting to our HQ through site-to-site vpn.
Since putting this new ASA5510 at HQ , while we are getting a Remote-Desktop session into our branches clients, and at the time when even a single TIMEOUT occurs on the vpn-link so the remote-desktop session gets completly lost. then we have to re-connect the session.
Web clients are receiving login failed messages and VPN clients are getting disconnected by host messages. I am able to ping the server from the ASA5510. Users authenticate in AD. I am not sure if the problem is on the server or the ASA.


Power service went down to southern Southeast Alaska communities, following problems at the Swan Lake dam site on June 8.
The hydroelectric dam is one of two major producers utilized by Southeast Alaska Power Agency, primarily servicing the Ketchikan area. This year an effort is being made to raise the dam, a $10 million project which will increase active storage by 25 percent and yield between 6,000 and 12,000 megawatt hours annually.