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text:
Q: keyboard should appear when MFMailComposeViewController appear I'm using swift for development.I want that When MFMailComposer appear, toReceipt textField should automatically become first responder.

A: From MFMailComposeViewController Class Reference:

IMPORTANT
The view hierarchy of this class is private and you must not modify
it. You can, however, customize the appearance of an instance by using
the UIAppearance protocol.
After presenting a mail comopose view controller, your app cannot
change the email content. The user can edit the content of a presented
instance but the system ignores programmatic changes. If you want to
set values for the content fields, do so before presenting the
interface.

A: If you wanna set subject, you can set it in your program.
Apple does not allow developer use private API, If you use those API, your APP would be reject by Apple.
MFMailComposeViewController *picker = [[MFMailComposeViewController alloc] init];
picker.mailComposeDelegate = self;

[picker setSubject:@"Mail subject"];
[picker setToRecipients:[NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"email@email.com",nil]];

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
"It is a case that very much turns on its facts," said David Malone, a criminal barrister at Red Lion Chambers. "The judgment was not a blanket ban on reporting names."
6. Aug 2018
Lawyers Make Hay With Pop Icon's BBC Privacy Win
[Article in Bloomberg Read here]
It took less than a week for British lawyers to push pop icon Cliff Richard's legal victory against the BBC into a privacy argument for mysterious millionaires.
For the media, the July 18 ruling highlighted new limits when reporting the early stages of a police investigation against celebrities. But lawyers brandishing copies of the judgment are already using the decision in their fight to keep secret how a convicted foreign official and his wife amassed their wealth.
Richard won substantial damages against the British Broadcasting Corp. for its coverage of a 2014 police raid on his home following allegations of child sex assault about 30 years ago. Ultimately, the singer's right to privacy trumped the freedom of the press to report the early stage of an investigation, Judge Anthony Mann said in his judgment…
[Read the full article here]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Enrique Iglesias posted footage from his backstage visit with the press at the Z100 Jingle Ball on Friday (December 10) at Madison Square Garden in New York City. The singer is seen embracing 'Jersey Shore' star DJ Pauly D as the press looked on in the first brief video, while Enrique performs 'I Like It' in the second. Footage via MySpace has since been removed.


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text:
package io.fabric8.monitor.api;

import org.codehaus.jackson.annotate.JsonProperty;

import javax.xml.bind.annotation.*;

/**
 * Represents how a monitored value is archived in RRD tool databases
 *
 * @author Hiram Chirino
 */
@XmlRootElement(name="archive")
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
public class ArchiveDTO {

    /**
     * AVERAGE: The average of the data points is stored.
     * MIN: The smallest of the data points is stored.
     * MAX: The largest of the data points is stored.
     * LAST: The last data point is used.
     * FIRST: The fist data point is used.
     * TOTAL: The total of the data points is stored.
     */
    @JsonProperty
    @XmlAttribute
    public String consolidation;

    /**
     *
     */
    @JsonProperty
    @XmlAttribute
    public double xff = 0.5;

    @JsonProperty
    @XmlAttribute
    public String step;

    @JsonProperty
    @XmlAttribute
    public String window;

    public ArchiveDTO() {
    }

    public ArchiveDTO(String consolidation, String step, String window) {
        this.consolidation = consolidation;
        this.step = step;
        this.window = window;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (this == o) return true;
        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;

        ArchiveDTO that = (ArchiveDTO) o;

        if (Double.compare(that.xff, xff) != 0) return false;
        if (consolidation != null ? !consolidation.equals(that.consolidation) : that.consolidation != null)
            return false;
        if (step != null ? !step.equals(that.step) : that.step != null)
            return false;
        if (window != null ? !window.equals(that.window) : that.window != null)
            return false;

        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        int result;
        long temp;
        result = consolidation != null ? consolidation.hashCode() : 0;
        temp = xff != +0.0d ? Double.doubleToLongBits(xff) : 0L;
        result = 31 * result + (int) (temp ^ (temp >>> 32));
        result = 31 * result + (step != null ? step.hashCode() : 0);
        result = 31 * result + (window != null ? window.hashCode() : 0);
        return result;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "ArchiveDTO{" +
                "consolidation='" + consolidation + '\'' +
                ", xff=" + xff +
                ", step=" + step +
                ", total=" + window +
                '}';
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


When should I seek medical care for an insect sting?
What are exams and tests for insect sting allergies?
What are home remedies for insect sting allergies?
What are medications to treat insect sting allergies?
Is there other therapy available for allergic reactions to insect stings?
What is the follow-up for insect sting allergies?
How do I prevent insect sting allergies?
What is the outlook for allergic reactions to insect stings?
Several insects belonging to the class Hymenoptera are capable of injecting venom into humans and animals. These insects include honeybees, bumble bees, hornets, wasps, yellow jackets, and fire ants.
All of these insects are currently found in the United States as well as in most other land areas of the globe. Their venom, which they use to kill or paralyze other insects, is composed of proteins and other substances. It is proteins in the venom that cause allergic reactions in people.
Not everyone is allergic to stinging insect venom. In people who are not allergic, the venom causes only redness, itching, and mild pain and swelling at the site of the bite. Cleaning the area and applying ice are enough to relieve the symptoms.
Even people who are allergic to the venom usually have only mild symptoms, although the swelling may extend beyond the area right around the sting. People with allergy may have a more serious reaction, called an anaphylactic reaction.
An allergic reaction occurs when the immune system of the body overreacts to an "invader" such as insect venom (the allergen). This overreaction is sometimes referred to as a hypersensitivity reaction.
The white blood cells produce an antibody to the protein in the venom.
The allergic reaction occurs when the antibody, known as immunoglobulin E, or IgE, comes in contact with the protein, either at the first sting or later.
IgE promotes release from certain cells of chemicals and hormones called "mediators." Histamine is an example of a mediator.
It is the effects of these mediators on organs and other cells that cause the symptoms of the allergic reaction.
Ants, bees, and wasps have a stinger or venom sac and gland on their tail that they use to inject venom.
Several stings may occur, particularly if you accidentally disturb a hive or nest.
This is particularly true with fire ants and so-called Africanized bees.
Africanized bees are the result of breeding of domesticated and wild honeybees in Africa that resulted in a very aggressive honeybee. The venom of these bees is no more potent than that of normal honeybees, but their aggressive nature increases the likelihood that they will swarm and sting you many times, sometimes hundreds of times.
Such a large number of stings may result in serious reactions or death, even if you are not allergic to bee venom.
If you are allergic to the venom, then you may have an allergic reaction from even a single sting. This is called an anaphylactic reaction. It can be dangerous, even life threatening.
An anaphylactic reaction does not usually occur on the first sting.
The immune system makes the antibody at the first sting and stores it on special cells until the next sting. This is called "sensitization."
At the first sting, therefore, the body does not have antibodies specific to the venom.
Only on a second or later sting can the body mount a major defense against the venom.
This is when a life-threatening anaphylactic reaction may occur.
Anaphylactic reactions are rare, and do not happen to every person who is stung by an insect.
When an anaphylactic reaction seems to occur on the very first sting, probably the person was stung before without realizing it.
Insect venom is used to treat certain medical conditions.
In Chinese herbal medicine, the venoms of various insects in this class are used either as direct stings (as a treatment for arthritis and other chronic diseases) or are applied to the skin or the eyes.
Such apiotherapy (the medicinal use of honeybee products) may result in an anaphylactic reaction in people who are allergic.
Allergy shots given by an allergy specialist also contain venom but are specifically designed to be given to allergic people to reduce their sensitivity to the allergen.
Most insect stings cause some pain and swelling in the area of the sting, called a local reaction.
People who are allergic to bee stings or who have been stung many times may react more dramatically.
A severe local reaction may lead to pain and swelling that increase over the next few hours and becoming very uncomfortable. This does not constitute an anaphylactic reaction. The reaction must involve at least 2 of your body's organ systems (such as lungs and heart) to qualify as an anaphylactic reaction.
Although most local reactions are not serious, if they are near the face or neck, swelling can quickly block the airway and cause serious problems.
Fire ant stings cause a reaction in almost everyone.
Itchy hives usually form at the site immediately and recede within an hour.
A small blister forms at each site within 4 hours.
Within 8-24 hours, a small sore with pus forms at each sting site. The area around the sores may feel burning and itchy. The pus does not mean the sore is infected.
The sores rupture within 72 hours. The itching, pain, and redness may last for several days but should improve gradually.
Worsening redness, pain, swelling, and warmth may signal an infection at the site. If this occurs, see your health care provider right away.
The dizziness and fainting are due to a dangerously low blood pressure. This condition is known as "shock," and anaphylaxis is often called anaphylactic shock.
Mild localized itching, swelling, or discomfort requires a call your health care provider for advice.
Worsening of local symptoms over a few days may be evidence of infection at the sting site. Pain, increased swelling and redness, and warmth suggest an infection. Call your health care provider for an appointment the same day.
If you had a reaction in the past, even if you used an epinephrine injection kit for this sting, go immediately to your medical office or hospital emergency department, whichever is closer. Even if you have treated yourself, you still need to be evaluated to make sure that your symptoms are resolving and are not recurring.
Hives or rash or swelling all over your body, difficulty breathing or swallowing, or dizziness or fainting suggest an anaphylactic reaction and require immediate medical attention.
If you have these severe symptoms or symptoms over your entire body, you should go to a hospital emergency department.
If no one is available to drive you right away, call 911 for emergency medical transport. If you are able, tell the dispatcher that you are having a reaction to a sting.
While waiting for the ambulance, take self-treatment measures.
One or more prior severe reactions to an insect sting place you at an increased risk of severe reactions with each sting.
It is important to let the health care provider know that you have been stung and whether you have had reactions in the past.
Be prepared to tell the health care provider all of the medications you have taken for the sting, both prescription and over-the-counter. Don't forget any herbal preparations or other treatments you may have taken.
Physical examination is the most important part of the evaluation of insect stings.
Your blood pressure and pulse will be checked to make sure you are not in shock.
Examination should also include the skin for swelling and hives, the lungs for wheezing, and the upper airway for possible swelling or obstruction.
An ECG or chest X-ray may be helpful but is not needed in every case. Laboratory tests are usually not helpful.
For most insect stings, home care is all that is necessary.
If insects are on or around you, remain calm.
Gently brush any insects from your skin.
Quietly leave the area as quickly as you can.
If the stinger is still lodged in the skin, as it usually is after honeybee stings, it should be removed promptly.
You can do this by scraping the site with a credit card or similar device, perpendicular to the skin. A fingernail can be used.
Pinching the stinger to pull it out is not advised, because this may inject more venom.
Elevate the part of the body where the sting is located.
Apply ice to the area of the sting.
If the sting is on the hands or feet where rings or other tight-fitting jewelry is worn, these should be removed immediately before swelling develops, to avoid any compression of the blood supply to these areas.
Control pain: Ibuprofen (Advil) or acetaminophen (Tylenol) is usually sufficient to relieve pain.
Take an antihistamine pill, such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl). This helps counteract one of the mediators of the reaction and will help control itching. Diphenhydramine is available without a prescription. Caution - this medication makes most people too drowsy to drive or operate machinery safely. It can be taken every 6 hours for the first few days, until the swelling begins to improve.
Hydrocortisone cream, available over-the-counter, can be applied to the site of the insect sting to relieve itching.
A paste of baking soda or salt and water, rubbed on the skin, may provide relief.
An over-the-counter lotion such as Calamine can help.
If a blister develops at the site, keep the area clean but do not break the blister.
Do not be alarmed if the reaction takes 2-5 days to heal. Continue treatment until all symptoms are gone.
Remove yourself from the area where the insects are.
Take an antihistamine (1-2 tablets or capsules of diphenhydramine [Benadryl]) if you can swallow without difficulty.
If you are wheezing or having difficulty breathing, use an inhaled bronchodilator such as albuterol (Proventil) or epinephrine (Primatene Mist) if one is available. These inhaled medications dilate the airway.
If you have been given an epinephrine kit, inject yourself as you have been instructed. The kit provides a premeasured dose of epinephrine, a prescription drug that rapidly reverses the most serious symptoms (see Follow-up).
If at all possible, you or your companion should be prepared to tell medical personnel which medications you have taken today, which you usually take, and any known allergies.
The top priority for the medical team is ensuring that your breathing and blood pressure are protected.
If you are having difficulty breathing, you may be given oxygen via a tube in your nose or by face mask.
In cases of severe respiratory distress, you may be put on a mechanical ventilator. This is temporary until the effects of the reaction abate.
If your blood pressure is too low, an IV line will be placed.
You may be given saline solution through the IV to boost your blood pressure.
You may be given medication if needed to ease your breathing and/or increase your blood pressure.
Epinephrine is the most important treatment and may be lifesaving. Epinephrine is usually given as an injection.
H1 type antihistamine such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl) usually is given by mouth or injection to decrease the histamine reaction. This relieves the itching.
H2 type antihistamine (H2-blocker), such as ranitidine, famotidine, or cimetidine, may be given to augment the effect of diphenhydramine.
Corticosteroids, such as prednisone or methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol), are often given to decrease swelling and suppress the immune response.
If you are given antihistamines and steroids, you may be advised to continue to take them by mouth for several days after you leave the hospital.
For more information on allergy medications, see Allergy and Hay Fever Medications.
Allergy shots (immunotherapy) may be effective in people with severe reactions to certain insect stings.
Allergy shots are given in a series over several months to build up to a maintenance dose that is continued monthly for 3 to 5 years.
Each shot contains a little bit more of the insect venom antigen.
Ideally, the person becomes desensitized to the antigen over time.
Shots are effective at reducing the severity of the reaction in most people.
These shots are available for bee and fire ant venoms.
Make sure that all of your health care providers are aware of the type of reaction you have had.
If you have had a severe or all-over reaction, you should be given a prescription for an epinephrine injection kit (EpiPen, Auvi-Q) when you leave the hospital.
This is a premeasured dose of epinephrine in an easy-to-use syringe.
You would inject yourself in the thigh muscle with the epinephrine at the first sign of a reaction.
Someone at your medical office can show you how to use the kit. Clear instructions are also provided at the web site of the Food Allergy & Anaphylaxis Network.
It is recommended that you keep 2 or more of these kits at different locations and that you keep one with you at all times in case of a sting.
If you have a severe or all-over reaction to an insect sting, you should see an allergy specialist (allergist). Desensitization therapy is available for some types of venom allergies.
Take precautions to avoid insect stings in the future.
Avoid nests or hives of stinging insects.
Do not wear bright clothing or perfumes that might attract bees and wasps.
Remain calm and quiet around flying insects. Move slowly.
Take special care when around food or drinks outdoors, as at cookouts or picnics. Stinging insects are attracted to foods, especially sweet foods such as soft drinks.
Evaluation by an allergist for desensitization injections has been shown to be of benefit.
Obtain one or more epinephrine injection kits if this has been prescribed for you.
Keep the kit(s) in convenient locations and have one near you at all times.
Read the instructions right away and review them often.
It is important that you be able to get to the kit and use it quickly in case of a reaction.
Make sure your family members and closest friends know how to use the kit as well.
Any time this device is used, you must go immediately afterward to your health care provider or to a hospital emergency department.
Prompt treatment usually avoids any short-term complications, but any delay in the treatment of a severe allergic reaction can result in rapid deterioration and death.
The long-term outlook is usually good as well. Local infection at the sting site can occur but is rare.
Arthritis, kidney failure, or nervous system disorders are late complications of a sting (weeks or possibly months later).
If you have joint pain or swelling, urinary problems, or unexplained numbness, tingling or burning sensation, or pain in the weeks after an insect sting, you should see your health care provider.
If you develop anaphylactic shock following an insect sting, you are at an increased risk of developing anaphylaxis in the future if you are stung again.
"Bee, yellow jacket, wasp, and other Hymenoptera stings: Reaction types and acute management"
What's your emergency plan for dealing with insect sting allergies?
What was your experience with allergies after an insect sting?


17/08/08 "Worldnet Daily" -- - In a ceremony that received virtually no attention in the American media, the United States and Canada signed a military agreement Feb. 14 allowing the armed forces from one nation to support the armed forces of the other nation during a domestic civil emergency, even one that does not involve a cross-border crisis.
They made cannabis, an important industrial and food plant, illegal.
Now they are on the verge of making ALL plants illegal and /or under corporate control.
"Codex Alimentarius" - an oppressive set of law designed to control the world food supply - was cooked up by an ex-Nazi in 1962.
We're on track for it to become the law of the land, here in the US, in 2009.


During last night's Billboard Music Awards, Directioners everywhere collectively lost their sh*t when the band dedicated the Top Duo/Group Award win to former member Zayn Malik.
For the unfamiliar, Malik recently left the five-person boy band for personal reasons.
Soon after the controversial split, Malik and current member Louis Tomlinson publicly fought via Twitter, leading fans to believe Malik's departure from One Direction was not as amicable as they'd let on.
There's one more person to share this [award] with, and that's our brother Zayn.
Though some of the other band members didn't seem too keen to share the win with Malik, fans everywhere took to social media to share their ridiculously overexcited reactions to Payne's kind gesture.
Others *almost* cried (they really actually cried).
Some just had a lot of emotions.
Not even Drake could stay calm.


The EGG Brussels makes a generous gesture towards the planet!
The EGG Brussels is pleased to announce that it has submitted an application for the "Ecodynamic Enterprise" label that rewards companies that adopt a strong environmental management policy.
The EGG Brussels respects the environmental law and regulations in force within the Brussels Capital Region, but it wants to go one step further. It carries out careful monitoring of water and energy consumption so that it can ensure ongoing improvements to the infrastructure and equipment and to guarantee increased performance.
As part of its environmental policy, The EGG Brussels is committed not just to reducing waste, but also to reducing its impact on the air, water and soil by using an efficient system. The EGG Brussels also ensures that its employees are aware of the plans and informs customers so that they too can contribute to protecting the environment.
In order to implement this policy coherently, The EGG Brussels is committed to meeting the requirements and criteria of the "Ecodynamic Enterprise" environmental label.
The application was submitted in June 2016 and we look forward eagerly to see the results of the jury in October 2016.


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text:
England news August 26, 2015
Lyth bares his soul on Facebook
ESPNcricinfo staff
Adam Lyth has had a chastening Ashes series	© Getty Images
Adam Lyth has taken to Facebook to express his disappointment at his Ashes summer and say that the experience has made him hungrier to succeed.
It has been widely assumed in the English media that Lyth's dropping for England's series against Pakistan in the UAE is inevitable - and the odds are that they will be proved right.
But Lyth has spilled out his belief that he still has a Test future in a perhaps unique Facebook statement: bare-the-soul honesty approaching 900 words in which he thanks England's selectors for sticking with him in a series in which he made only 115 runs in five Tests at 12.77.
"I don't really pay attention to people talking about who will open in the UAE with Alastair Cook, it's completely out of my hands who the selectors pick. I know exactly what I have to do and that is score big runs for Yorkshire, it's as simple as that... It really does mean a hell of a lot that the captain, coach and selectors have stuck with me.
Failure in international sport can be a lonely place, especially after the emotional highs and lows of a series like the Ashes, and Lyth makes the point of thanking his Facebook followers for "incredible support".
"I have only played seven Tests at the minute and to have achieved that is fantastic," he writes. "Hopefully there are many more matches and many more series to come but I know I need to go back to Yorkshire and score lots of runs.
"This experience has made me hungrier, you don't become a bad player overnight and you don't in five games either.
"It could have gone better on a personal note but that's cricket and that can happen when you're facing one of the best attacks in the world on testing pitches. Going forwards I have learnt a lot in this series and hopefully I can go back to Yorkshire, score some runs and help them with the County Championship.
"I can't really put my low scores down to one thing. The Aussies have bowled well in testing conditions, I have copped some decent balls but I've played some bad shots which I'm disappointed about."
Ed Smith In praise of the old dog
Features Broad and Root England's difference
News Spin conundrum tops Bayliss' list
Players/Officials Adam Lyth
Series/Tournaments Australia tour of England and Ireland
Teams England | Yorkshire


Is Buy-and-Hold a Viable Strategy?
Yes . . . and Still the Best One.
1) Can you successfully time the market?
2) Should you chase returns?
3) Is the average investor smarter than the professionals with all those resources at their fingertips?
No, no, no and no. Buy-and-hold, however, as the best investment strategy assumes a long term investment horizon – like ten or even twenty years. Even Warren Buffett says his "favorite holding period is forever." In fact, if you look at market returns going all the way back to the late 1800's, you'll find that the average rolling 10-year return from any given month is about 9% a year.
Curiously, though, folks who proclaim buy-and-hold dead use volatility measured in much shorter periods, like months, weeks or days as a reason that it doesn't work. It is true that buy-and-hold will not outperform every day, week, month or even year – look at any down period as proof of this. You might find yourself thinking that you can create alpha and generate better returns by pursuing anything other than a buy-and-hold strategy. Don't fall into this trap . . . because at the end of the day (or decade, in the case of long term investors), a buy-and-hold strategy will increase returns and reduce risk.
The market always reverts to its mean (by definition) – in fact, this is Rule #1 of Jack Bogle's ten rules of investing. I'm a believer in some sort of weak version of the efficient market hypothesis (EMH). The EMH is the idea that one can't consistently beat the market without increasing risk – it states that the market itself is efficient and its performance is based on all the information about stocks that is available.
Admittedly, there are certain anomalies that might allow for opportunities to beat the market over the short term (only). For example, investors/hedge funds with access to master limited partnerships and other alternative investments in smaller markets may be better positioned to actively manage their investments. Among many reasons, a) these investments are less liquid than the broad equity markets, b) these smaller markets generally keep out larger players who could move the market, c) these funds are run by uber-experienced managers in their space and d) such markets are heavily retail – that is, they are held by folks who tend to make rash decisions at precisely the wrong time (i.e., you – more on this below). In illiquid markets like this, these factors exacerbate price movements and may provide opportunities not seen in the broader general markets – making them inefficient by definition.
But we would be wise to leave those strategies to the professionals with high powered computers (that you don't have) using proprietary algorithms (that are not available to you) that process research (to which you don't have access). Even with these advantages, however, only 20-35% of professionally managed funds beat the market over the last five years.
That's right, even the professionals can't beat the market. Neither can you.
So let's assume that over the long term the broad based markets are at least quasi-efficient. Maybe there is some room to create alpha and some areas where real, risk-adjusted gains could be achieved. But after taking into account fees, commissions, cost of research, acquiring information, etc. –consider the markets efficient – at least for most people.
Now, toss in the inherent difficulty (impossibility?) in distinguishing between the skill and luck of investors (especially over time horizons that we humans like to) and the propensity for people to buy and sell at the wrong time (for all the behavioral and emotional reasons we all know and love) . . . well, this makes buy-and-hold the right call for 99% of investors.
In fact, most investors miss out on the good times precisely because they jump in and out of the market at the wrong moment. They think they can time the market. They make investment decisions based on emotions. In the 20-year period ended in 2013, stock investors earned only 5.0% a year due to terrible market timing, nearly 4 percentage points less than a buy-and-hold strategy. Why? Because we are terrible at investing. We chase returns. We react to fear. We buy into the media hype. And we invest emotionally.
Emotional investing causes most of us to buy high and sell low. In fact, the year 2000 saw a historical record inflow into domestic equity funds. Immediately following that the market dropped almost 50% (fueled by the dot.com bubble bursting). In 2008, the opposite occurred as a record was set for the most outflows of funds from domestic equity funds. What happened next? The market has been on an unprecedented climb since then, with returns reaching almost 200% from the market low. As of the date of this article, it's still climbing. And most investors missed out on that recovery.
But . . . what if you could avoid the bad days . . . ? If you thought you could time the market and miss all the bad days, you'd be in great shape. But if you get out of the market at the wrong times, you also end up missing out on big rallies. If you missed out on just the 10 best days in the 20-year period ended 2013, your average annual return would have dropped to 5.5%. Miss the 30 best days and your return is 0.9%.
The naysayers might point out that starting in 1990, the market has reverted to within 1% of its opening value at least once in every given year. If that's the case, investors would have killed it by getting in at the low, then selling at the high. Rinse. Repeat. Seems simple enough. Ahhh, if only we could invest looking in our rear view mirror. If you think you can successfully implement this market timing strategy, go back up a few paragraphs and re-read.
A passive investment style means that as an investor you do not chase returns. You should not expect that an investments' past performance from last year will continue the next year. In fact, most stocks and funds that beat the market in the past generally will not do so in the future. Good past performance is often a matter of luck. This is why active investors who constantly chase returns get burned. Why? Because past performance is not an indication of future performance.
Here is a fun fact for you: n the fifteen years prior to 2011, 46% of actively managed funds closed because their performance was so bad. During that same period, 7% of funds failed every year for the same reason. And these funds were run by professionals! You still think you can beat the market?
Go online and pull up any periodic table of investment returns and you'll get a great visual of how a diversified portfolio beats trying to pick sectors over the long term. Plus, most of them are really colorful and pretty. But believe it or not . . . studies have shown that past returns remains the primary investment decision most investors consider when choosing among investments!
Actively managed funds have an average expense ratio of 1.25%; passively managed funds have an average expense ratio of 0.25% expenses. One percent may not sound like much, but when you strip one percent off of the historical average of around 8.5-9%, then it becomes much more meaningful because it equates to almost 12%. So if you go the active route, you are losing almost 12% of your annual return. How does this translate into dollars . . .? Well, if you invested $100,000 over thirty years at an average return of 8.5%, paying for those higher expenses/fees would cost you approximately $280,000 (~$1,072,000 passive versus ~$792,000 active).
So if all investments (active v. passive) ultimately produce the same average returns over the long term (i.e., they all revert to their mean), why would you pay much more for the actively managed funds? Indexing/passive investing will make you more money because it provides the same returns as active investing at a much, much lower cost.
NOTE: STRATEGIC TILTS ARE O.K.
It isn't necessarily a bad strategy for portfolios to have some allocation in a proactive strategy. Allowing a small portion of one's portfolio to be used to play strategic tilts certainly makes it less boring and keeps investors engaged. After all, buy-and-hold isn't the sexiest strategy, but it works. Use a small proportion of your holdings for proactive investing and strategic tilts – it will keep you engaged. But do not actively try to time the markets, chase returns or invest emotionally with the bulk of your portfolio. Take the average 8.5% annual return to the bank over the long term. You'll be happy you did.
ABOUT ROB'S SAVING & INVESTING BOOKRob's book, "What All Kids (and adults too) Should Know About Saving & Investing," targets young adults/millennials with vocabulary words, fun facts, "Did you know?" sections and 14 key takeaways. Statistics, charts and graphs from expert sources bolster the information. It aims to help students develop proper habits for saving and investing for long term. Not get rich quick. Chapters include budgeting, debt, setting goals, risk vs. reward, active v. passive strategies, diversification and more. Visit www.whatallkids.com for more information. Twitter: @RPivnick.


Is it a coincidence that a bulk of software innovations originates in the United States or that many world-class automobile products have their roots in Germany? Or, that the Scandinavian nations led the cellular revolution in the 1990s? At least scholars of innovation management do not seem surprised by such innovation patterns, for all these countries can be considered "lead markets" for the respective industries and technologies.
High per-capita purchasing power of domestic customers in lead markets creates the necessary financial muscle to support high-costs research & development (R&D) efforts, while the presence of highly sophisticated customers, that are willing to pay for new and ever better products and services, acts as an inducement for firms to keep innovating. Active engagement in such markets, from firms' point of view, is therefore of crucial importance. Furthermore, setting up innovation centres in lead markets can reduce market uncertainty. Policy makers work on creating an advanced regulatory framework hoping to get a head-start for the domestic industry in an attractive field expecting employment generation.
Conventional wisdom suggests that lead markets almost invariably exist in economically advanced nations that are endowed with, in addition to the factors mentioned above, a highly developed physical and institutional infrastructure. In recent years, however, a series of disruptive and potentially game-changing innovations ("frugal innovations") has emerged out of rapidly growing economies in the developing world, most notably India and China. India with a host of impressive innovations in diverse industries such as healthcare, pharmaceuticals, space and automobiles, is regarded as being at the forefront of innovation activities emanating from emerging economies.3 But it is certainly not the only emerging economy to produce such innovations: Brazil's success with ethanol and China's contribution to GE's portable ultrasound machine and many others are now well-known examples.
In recent years, a series of disruptive and potentially game-changing innovations ("frugal innovations") has emerged out of rapidly growing economies in the developing world, most notably India and China.
Many global firms in the actual practice are recognising these emerging opportunities and setting up innovation hubs with regional/global responsibilities for certain products and product categories in countries like India and China. However, there persists an apparent mismatch in the actual business practice and the theoretical model. The founding works for the lead market theory were laid around the turn of the 21st century.5 Much water has flowed down the Ganges, the Yangtze, or the Amazon in the past decade and a half. Today's world, in many ways, is not the same as it was at the turn of the century. Many of the factors responsible for economic growth in the West, e.g. entrepreneurial initiatives, technological advancement, and international embeddedness by the means of trade, can be observed at work in many developing nations.
The bygone decade has witnessed a palpable shift in the centre of economic gravity. While non-developed economies accounted for around one-fifth of the world economic output in 2001, their share had nearly doubled to 39% by 2013, and is expected to cross 41% by 2019.6 Similarly, per-capita income in the emerging and developing economies, in terms of purchasing power parity, doubled from $3,288 in 2001 to an estimated $7,308 in 2013, and is expected to cross the mark of $10,000 by 2019. This economic growth has some crucial implications for innovation management, as is illustrated below using an example: The subscription base of cellular telephony in India has risen from 6.5 million in March 2002 to more than 893 million in January 2014. This implies that the providers of mobile telephony and data services, developers of mobile commerce applications, and the handset makers have received access to a gigantic market, which (a) has less per-capita financial resources at its disposal, but at the same time (b) is more open to new technological and business model innovations for a typical customer who is less likely to own a personal computer or to have a fixed-line Internet access. Therefore, he or she, in general, is more inclined to use applications based on the mobile Internet in comparison to scepticism often witnessed in more affluent nations.
Large and growing economies, such as India and China, are endowed with huge, unsaturated markets, whose size could justify large R&D efforts despite thin profit margins; especially so because these nations often enjoy cost advantages and have a large workforce of skilled professionals.
Globalisation has reduced the need for reinventing the wheel. Today, technologies can be traded almost like commodities. Technological collaborations can be forged across national and international boundaries reducing costs of in-house product development.
The increasing level of disposable income in developing economies is creating aspirations for consumption. Products that the new, emerging consumers are seeking in an inter-connected, globalised world are those that are comparable with ones in the advanced economies. The level of prevalent disposable income, however, often does not allow such customers to purchase the higher-end products, leading them to seek products with good-enough quality, affordable price and an attractive brand value.
"To succeed in India, you need a product which costs 30% of the global price and offers 95% of the performance", says the managing director of a renowned and successfully operating German auto component supplier in India. The R&D head of a successful carmaker seconds: "It's about the aspirations of the youth in India. They want everything; they know everything; but they are not prepared to pay extra!" Not surprisingly, such aspirations are proving a challenge for traditional lead markets that are not always well-equipped to provide impetus to a consumers who wants to use similar, if not the same, products; has aspirations; but not yet, a very high purchasing power.
A look at India's passenger car industry provides a good example for this. Demand for passenger cars in India is largely concentrated in the segment of small cars (Micro, Mini, Compact and Super-compact cars) which account for 86.6% of all passenger cars sold in India. Companies from the automobile lead market Germany have, however, concentrated on selling top-end premium and luxury cars. As a result, they dominate the miniscule top-range segment but have little presence (2.3%) in those segments that are the largest in size and the fastest in growth (see Figure 1).
Amongst all leading automobile manufacturing nations India has the highest share of small cars in the passenger cars sold. This intensity of demand in a large and growing market has attracted practically all major global car-makers to invest in India and develop country-specific models. Many global firms such as Suzuki, Hyundai and Ford have set up global hubs for small cars in India to benefit from economies of scale and scope. As a result India has emerged as a key exporter of hatchback cars that are sold under varying brand names and technical specifications across the whole world. Thus, India can be described as a lead market for small cars.
Industries with economies of scope and knowledge-based sectors seem to be more promising fields for developed country lead markets.
Our study comes to the conclusion that even a developing country endowed with an open, globally-integrated economy can emerge as a lead market for a certain category of products. Basic factors of lead market potential are depicted in Figure 2.
The country should be endowed with significant technological capabilities that allow substantial parts of product development process to be performed locally. This is a major departure from the current model where technology is seen as a non-crucial factor owing to similar technical capabilities of all advanced nations.
A lead market in a developing country seems to emerge if the product does not require path-breaking, high cost research; or if the innovation process can be contextualised in global innovation networks to reduce market and technological uncertainty. Proactive identification and use of existing technologies in various fields (analogies) is also a critical success factor. A developing country lead market, therefore, often complements and not completely replaces the existing lead market, as a great degree of interconnectedness between German and Indian automotive sectors, especially in the component supplier industry, reveals.
Furthermore, local technological capabilities appear to play a crucial role; not only for cost reasons but also because of the "social embeddedness". Only those product developers, who have their own, first-hand experience of customer needs and mind-set in resource-constrained environments, can conceptualise and design a product that meets the aspirations of the potential consumer.
Our study could identify the role of policy as a crucial instrument in the development of an industry and inter alia of a lead market. Prevalent policy conditions in the post-Independence India helped create a competitive small car industry. On the other hand, erratic policy measures such as retrospective amendments in tax law continue to act as a barrier for a functional and sustainable lead market. In developed countries it would be recommendable to avoid fiscal incentives for industries where economies of scale are of critical importance. Manufacturing-intensive industries should be ideally not targeted for development by means of subsidies; as their competitive advantage is often based on a weak fundament and breaks down once government support is withdrawn. The recent experiences of the photovoltaic industry in Germany illustrate this point quite tellingly.
Industries with economies of scope and knowledge-based sectors seem to be more promising fields for developed country lead markets. Nevertheless, collaborations should be sought and formed with potential lead markets in developing economies to compensate one's own weak cost structure in manufacturing. A win-win situation could be strived for, by tapping "sticky knowledge" present, and being created, in those markets.
1. Beise, M. (2001): Lead Markets: Country-Specific Success Factors of the Global Diffusion of Innovations. Heidelberg, Physica-Verlag.
2. Bartlett, C. A. and S. Ghoshal (1990): Managing innovation in the transnational corporation, in: C. A. Bartlett, Y. L. Doz and G. Hedlund (eds.): Managing the Global Firm. London, Routledge: 215-255.
3. Tiwari, R. and C. Herstatt (2012): "Assessing India's Lead Market Potential for Cost-effective Innovations." Journal of Indian Business Research 4(2): 97-115.
4. Silverstein, M. J., A. Singhi, C. Liao and D. Michael (2012): The $10 Trillion Prize: Captivating the Newly Affluent in China and India. Boston, Harvard Business Review Press.
5. For a literature review see: Tiwari, R. and C. Herstatt (2014): Aiming Big with Small Cars: Emergence of a Lead Market in India. Heidelberg, Springer.
6. IMF data. Projections for 2019 are based on World Economic Outlook published in April 2014.
7. Authors' illustration based on Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM) data.
8. Source: Tiwari and Herstatt (2014, p. 206).
Dr. Rajnish Tiwari is a Senior Research Fellow and Prof. Cornelius Herstatt the Head of the Institute for Technology and Innovation Management of Hamburg University of Technology in Germany. A focus area of their ongoing research concerns globalisation of innovation and the growing role of emerging economies. In their research they have often challenged existing dominant logic and proposed practice-oriented solutions for an effective innovation management in globally operating firms. Their recent, very well received study on the emergence of lead markets in developing economies and its implications for innovation management has been published under the title "Aiming Big with Small Cars: Emergence of a Lead Market in India" (ISBN 978-3-319-02065-5) by Springer International Publishing. This article draws on some core insights of that book.
Company Boards in China and India – Functioning on Half a Brain?


Martha Sturdy heart earrings made out of Moss colored Resin and hammered silver tone metal. This piece is a true statement with it's visual weight and unique runway quality. Circa 1980's.
Expertly made by Sturdy, these earring are a fine piece of designer vintage jewelry.


text:
Per Fredrik Johansson (born February 27, 1984) is a Swedish former professional ice hockey centre, who last played for VIK Västerås HK in HockeyAllsvenskan.

Playing career
In 2002, Johansson was drafted in the ninth round, 274th overall, by the Edmonton Oilers in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft. He made his Swedish Hockey League (SHL) debut during the 2002–03 season. Johansson was selected to represent Team Sweden at the 2004 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships.  On 1 June 2006, the Edmonton Oilers  signed Johansson to an entry level contract, and he was later re-assigned to Frölunda HC of the Swedish Elitserien.

On 26 September 2007, Johansson was assigned to the Oilers American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, the Springfield Falcons to begin the 2007–08 season. He was later assigned to their ECHL affiliate, the Stockton Thunder. The following season, Johansson returned to VIK Västerås HK.

As a result of abdominal muscle surgery, Johansson recorded limited playing time during the 2011–12 and 2012–13 season. He returned to the ice in August 2013.

Johansson was named captain of VIK Västerås HK in January 2016. During the 2018–19 season, Johansson recorded his 200th point during a 2–1 win over the Vita Hästen. Johansson agreed to a one year contract extension with VIK Västerås HK in February 2019.

Personal life
In August 2013, Johansson revealed his daughter had leukemia. He started a fundraiser for the Children's Cancer Foundation which raised around SEK 150,000.

His cousin Joakim Andersson also plays professional hockey.

Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

References

External links

1984 births
Edmonton Oilers draft picks
Frölunda HC players
Living people
Springfield Falcons players
Swedish ice hockey centres
People from Munkedal Municipality
Sportspeople from Västra Götaland County

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Aeon expects the combination of its physical stores and Go-Jek's online services to attract consumers.
TOKYO -- Japanese retail group Aeon will partner with Indonesian ride-hailing startup Go-Jek on digital payment and home delivery to speed the store operator's overseas expansion, company sources said on Thursday.
Starting in mid-December, the two companies will cooperate in cashless payments and other areas, according to the sources.
Since Go-Jek began operations in 2015, it has grown into one of Indonesia's largest unicorns -- startups with valuations over $1 billion. The company claims over 100 million users of its smartphone app and has diversified into areas such as home delivery and mobile payments.
Under the alliance, Aeon will accept payments using Go-Jek's Go-Pay digital money at its two malls in Jakarta. The Japanese company also will offer home deliveries using Go-Jek drivers.
The services will be expanded to three new outlets Aeon plans to open after the 2019 business year, the sources said.
Aeon's delivery service will feature Go-Jek drivers standing by at the malls, ready to pick up and deliver items for customers ordering online. Japan's biggest retailer by sales expects the combination of physical stores and delivery services to attract customers while helping it gain a stronger foothold in the online shopping sector.
Go-Jek began Vietnamese operations in September and plans to expand into Thailand and the Philippines. Google, Microsoft and other global tech companies have invested in the startup.
Go-Jek hopes partnering with the Japanese retailer will give it more fuel in its race with Singapore's Grab to become the dominant "super-app" in Indonesia and other Southeast Asian countries. Both companies want to be the go-to app for doing everyday tasjs such as payments or grocery shopping, and having more retail partners on the company's platform is essential for success.
Aeon operates about 1,300 shopping centers, general merchandise stores and convenience stores in Southeast Asia. The two partners plan to work together in other regional markets besides Indonesia.
Southeast Asia's internet economy is worth an estimated $72 billion in 2018, according to a survey by Google and Singapore investment company Temasek. This figure is forecast to hit $240 billion by 2025, making the region ripe for mergers and acquisitions. China's Alibaba Group Holding acquired Lazada, the biggest e-commerce operator in the region, in 2016.
Like Go-Jek, Grab offers a wide range of services, including cashless payments and deliveries. Both rivals are keen to solidify their presence in a region where e-commerce is catching on faster than traditional logistics services can keep up.
Aeon has expanded in Southeast Asia since entering the region in 1984 with a Malaysian store. The company's Southeast Asian locations logged an operating profit of 224.9 billion yen ($1.98 billion at current rates) for the business year that ended in February, up 7% from the previous year.
The Japanese retailer has continued its regional growth, pouring 83.2 billion yen into new investments for the current business year, a twofold increase over 2017.
But as the internet-based economies of Southeast Asia keep growing, Aeon is refocusing away from bricks-and-mortar stores toward technology-driven services. As part of its new strategy, the company teamed with Singapore-based Honestbee -- Asia's biggest concierge shopping service provider -- to operate an online grocery store in Malaysia.
Nikkei staff writer Shotaro Tani contributed to this article.


Topic: Modulation for legato idea...?
Is it possible to program a Gigastudio patch so that you by using the mod-wheel can change the start play position of a sample, so e.g. with modulation pressed to 100, the sample will start 3000 bytes in? This way maybe you could do better legato playing with strings etc.?
Re: Modulation for legato idea...?
Several people have asked for it though Simon. You should add your voice to the wishlist.
Modulatable sample start position would be very grooovy.
Cant you just edit the samples in wavelab/soundforge?
Before I bought giga studio I had a Emu E64 that had that ability.
You could adjust the sample start point via any controller [modulation wheel ,velosity a midi slider,whatever] of a sample in real time .
Which is a nice feature to inhance the expressiveness of your samples.
It looks like hardware samplers still have the advantage in that area.


text:
Worldview in Question: Outlining the Worldview of Hinduism
by Andrew Montaño | posted in: Worldview Analysis | 0
Worldview Composition
A comprehensive and well-thought-out worldview must address twelve topics about reality, including:1
1) Theology / Concept of God / Ultimate Reality: What kind of God, if any, actually exists?
2) Metaphysics / External Reality: Is there anything beyond the physical cosmos?
3) Epistemology / Knowledge: What can be known, and how can anyone know it?
4) Ontology / Origins: Where did everything come from?
5) Anthropology / Psychology / Humanity: Who am I? What makes me human?
6) Location: Where am I?
7) Axiology (Morals): How should I live?
8) Axiology (Values): What should I consider of great worth?
9) Predicament: What is humanity's fundamental problem?
10) Resolution: How can the problem be solved?
11) History (Past & Present): What is the meaning and direction of history?
12) Future / Destiny: Will I survive the death of my body, and if so, in what state?
Outlining the Worldview of Hinduism
Brevity, and the complexity of Hinduism, precludes a comprehensive articulation of the worldview. Hinduism provides the foundation for numerous religions and philosophical systems, each with divergent nuances, thereby rendering it impossible to detail a belief profile that applies universally. The following serves as a general framework—describing the basic principles of Hinduism, without exhaustively developing the particular doctrines. This outline will offer a foundation for future analysis, and worldview comparison.
Theology / Concept of God / Ultimate Reality: Superficially, Hinduism appears polytheistic, as it affirms a multiplicity of divine forms (e.g., Śiva, Viṣṇu, Gaṇeśa, and various deities located within regional temples and shrines), recognizing approximately 330 million gods and goddesses total.2 Unfortunately, the theological framework of Hinduism is not one-dimensional. Since no essential doctrines or authority exists, theological traditions differ between various darśanas (Hindu philosophies) and sampradāyas (systems or schools of thought).3 The Rāmānuja sampradāya adheres to qualified monism, in contrast to the dualism of Madhvāchārya and monism of Ādi Shankara. Additionally, Bhakti Hinduism represents a functional form of monotheism or monolatrism.4
Fundamentally, Hindu traditions are monistic and henotheistic. Hinduism generally maintains a pantheistic or panentheistic worldview, while recognizing a multitude of deities as manifestations (avatāra) of one supreme God, or "aspects of an impersonal absolute," which provide "windows into this ultimate reality."5 Dr. Klaus K. Klostermaier explains,
Hindu theology has many ways of explaining the unity of Brahman in the diversity of iṣṭadevatās [personal manifestations of Brahman]: different psychological needs of people must be satisfied differently, local traditions and specific revelations must be accommodated, the ineffable can only be predicated in, quite literally, thousands of forms. Among the Sahāsranamas [thousands of names ascribed to Brahman], the litanies of thousand names that are recited in honor of each of the great gods, the overlap is considerable: each one would be named creator, preserver, destroyer of the universe; each one would be called Truth, Grace, and Deliverance. Each one, in the end, is the same: One.6
Consequently, Hindus embrace a form of religious pluralism, asserting that all religions convey fundamental truths concerning Ultimate Reality (or Brahman), while encouraging individuals to worship any god of their arbitrary selection (iṣṭa-devatā).7 Nevertheless, the pantheism/panentheism doctrines of Hinduism necessitate that Ultimate Reality is an impersonal force, indistinct from the manifest universe, which is beyond all rational categories.
Metaphysics / External Reality / Ontology: Hinduism declares the visible universe originates from Brahman (i.e., Ultimate Reality); however, significant variation exists between pantheistic traditions (e.g., Shankara) and panentheistic philosophies (e.g., Rāmānuja). Under a pantheistic model, the universe is māyā (mere illusion), while panentheistic models claim the universe is an emanation of Brahman, existing objectively and necessarily.8 In the latter, the universe is, by definition, eternal and self-existent. A final panentheistic/monistic alternative suggests Brahman consistently creates a universe ex Deo (out of God's essence or being).
Epistemology / Knowledge: Hinduism affirms the existence of objective truth, yet Hindu philosophies disagree concerning the pramāṇas (means of acquiring knowledge), unable to reach consensus about which means are acceptable for obtaining accurate knowledge. The pramāṇas include:9
1) Pratyakṣa – knowledge through perception (i.e., direct, immediate cognition).
2) Anumāṇa – knowledge through inference (i.e., inferential knowledge or logical deduction).
3) Upamāṇa – knowledge from comparison or analogy.
4) Arthāpatti – postulation, supposition or presumption of a fact.
5) Anupalabdi or Abhava – knowledge from non-apprehension (i.e., non-perception of an object establishes its non-existence).
6) Śabda – knowledge resulting from verbal or written testimony.
Since the perceivable universe is māyā, Ultimate Reality exists as the only form of truth, and unfortunately, Brahman is beyond rational categories, ensuring that authentic knowledge is unattainable. In other words, Hinduism affirms the existence of objective truth, but humans are incapable of knowing it. Author Jayaram V exemplifies this principle, writing,
Our world, our lives, and our very existence do not qualify as truth. There is nothing here or on other planets or [in] the entire universe, which fits perfectly into the concept of truth as envisaged in Hindu scriptures. No religion that exists in the world or that ever existed in the past represents truth adequately and satisfactorily… Our minds cannot grasp absolute truths because they are not condition or created to grasp them… To understand truth, we have to overcome our own senses and minds. We have to transcend our limited awareness and remove all the obstructions, obstacles and blockages that stand between us and the truth… Only a few people therefore will come anywhere near the infinite Truth and even they do not know.10
Anthropology / Psychology / Humanity: According to Hinduism, the essence of the human ego or self (ātman) is identical to Brahman. Because human beings are part of the universe—a collective manifestation of Brahman—man's essence is necessarily divine. One can formulate this metaphysical and ontological principle as follows:11
Premise 1: All reality is an undifferentiated spiritual one (monism).
Premise 2: All is God and God is all (pantheism).
Conclusion: Therefore, man in his true spiritual self is God (a divine soul).
Counterintuitively, the principle of divine ontology does not establish equality of persons, as Hinduism advocates a caste system, based upon the principles of karma and reincarnation. At the same time, our physical bodies, experiences, and sufferings are nonexistent, effectively reducing all aspects of life to insignificance.
Axiology: Hinduism's inherent pluralism ultimately results in nihilism, eroding any foundation for objective morality. Within pantheistic models, morals and values are aspects of an illusory universe, rendering every aspect of life meaningless. Similarly, under panentheistic models, the material universe exists as a collective manifestation of a divine, impersonal force (Ultimate Reality), precluding individualism and moral agency.
Nevertheless, Hindu leaders recognize the universe operates according to objective cause and effect relationships, and profess belief in a moral law called Karma.12 Yogi Swami Sivananda explains,
Every wrong action or crime brings its own punishment, in accordance with the law of retribution. The law of causation, the law of action and reaction, the law of compensation and the law of retribution-all these operate together. He who robs another man robs himself. He who hurts another man hurts himself first. He who cheats another cheats himself first. Every wrong action causes punishment first in the inner nature or soul and externally in circumstances in the form of pain, misery, loss, failure, misfortune, disease, etc… Remember that God is neither partial nor unjust. You suffer on account of your own wicked actions. Sow the seeds which will bring pleasant fruits and which will make you happy herein and hereafter.13
While Hindus profess belief in this universal law, there remains no basis of objective morality, and thus, karmic standards vary between people and groups.
Predicament: Ignorance plagues humanity, as individuals have forgotten their divine nature. Instead, "we have mistakenly attached ourselves to the desires of our separate selves, or egos, and thereby to the consequences of their resultant actions as determined by the law of karma."14
Destiny: Saṃsāra (doctrine of reincarnation) postulates a cyclicality of life, matter, and existence. Upon death, the human soul (ātman) inhabits another human body, animal, insect, or plant (based upon their karma).15 Kauai's Hindu Monastery explains,
The Hindu knows that the belief in a single life on earth, followed by eternal joy or pain is utterly wrong and causes great anxiety, confusion and fear. Hindus know that all souls reincarnate, take one body and then another, evolving through experience over long periods of time. Like the caterpillar's metamorphosis into the butterfly, death doesn't end our existence but frees us to pursue an even greater development.16
Resolution: Saṃsāra continues until one achieves enlightenment (i.e., freedom from ignorance), realizing that his existence is an illusion, and "only the undifferentiated oneness of Brahman is real."17 Once an individual is successful in detaching himself from the desires and actions of his ego—achieving self-realization and self-knowledge—he obtains freedom from the reincarnation cycle (mokṣa or nirvāṇa).18 The mārga (path to enlightenment) involves aspects of jñāna (knowledge), bhakti (devotion), Rāja (meditation), and karma (action).19
History (Past, Present, and Future): In one respect, kālá (time) is cyclical. Although the universe—as a manifestation of Brahman—is eternal, cycles of creation and dissolution persist throughout eternity.20 Additionally, human persons endure a continual cycle of life, death, and reincarnation, unless and until they achieve mokṣa. In another respect, time—as an aspect of the manifest universe—is merely an illusion.21 Consequently, the past, present, and future are meaningless.
Kenneth Richard Samples, A World of Difference: Putting Christian Truth-Claims to the Worldview Test (Michigan: Baker Books, 2007), 21-28.
Gavin D. Flood, An Introduction to Hinduism (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1996), 14; D. Balasubramanian, and N. Appaji Rao, eds., The Indian Human Heritage (Hyderabad, India: Universities Press (India) Limited, 1998), 96; Dean Halverson, ed., The Compact Guide to World Religions (Minneapolis, MN: Bethany House, 1996), 87-89.
For a definition of Hindu terms, see W. J. Johnson, A Dictionary of Hinduism (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2009).
Kenneth Richard Samples, God Among Sages: Why Jesus is not Just Another Religious Leader (Grand Rapids, MI: BakerBooks, 2017), 96.
An Introduction to Hinduism, 14.
Klaus K. Klostermaier, A Survey of Hinduism: First Edition (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1989), 144.
Joseph Runzo, "Pluralism and Relativism," in Chad V. Meister, ed., The Oxford Handbook of Religious Diversity (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2011), 63.
Klaus K. Klostermaier, A Survey of Hinduism: Third Edition (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2007), 99.
Swami Atmananda, "Six Pramanas," International Vedanta Mission, accessed April 01, 2017, http://www.vmission.org.in/vedanta/articles/pramanas.htm.
Jayaram V, "What is Truth?" HinduWebsite LLC, accessed April 01, 2017, http://www.hinduwebsite.com/hinduism/essays/whatistruth.asp.
Kenneth R. Samples, "Human Beings: God or Creatures Made in God's Image?" Reasons to Believe, February 01, 2012, http://www.reasons.org/articles/human-beings-god-or-creatures-made-in-gods-image.
Swami Sivananda, "Understanding Karma," The Divine Life Society, accessed April 01, 2017, http://www.sivanandaonline.org/public_html/?cmd=displaysection&section_id=983. Hindus also believe in multiple types of karma, including Sanchita Karmas, Prarabdha Karmas, and Kriyamana or Agami Karmas; see Swami Sivananda, "Three Kinds of Karma," The Divine Life Society, accessed April 01, 2017, http://www.sivanandaonline.org/public_html/?cmd=displaysection&section_id=1179.
Swami Sivananda, "Law of Retribution," The Divine Life Society, accessed April 01, 2017, http://www.sivanandaonline.org/public_html/?cmd=displaysection&section_id=1160.
Dean C. Halverson, and Natun Bhattacharya, "What Is Hinduism?" Christian Research Institute, April 22, 2009, http://www.equip.org/article/what-is-hinduism/.
Edward Dwight Walker, Reincarnation: A Study of Forgotten Truth (New York, NY: John W. Lovell Company, 1888), 246.
"Karma and Reincarnation," Kauai's Hindu Monastery, accessed April 01, 2017, https://www.himalayanacademy.com/readlearn/basics/karma-reincarnation.
"What Is Hinduism?" Christian Research Institute.
An Introduction to Hinduism, 6.
Chad Meister, Introducing Philosophy of Religion (New York, NY: Routledge, 2009), 46-50.
Klaus K. Klostermaier, "Time, Divisions of," A Concise Encyclopedia of Hinduism (London, England: Oneworld Publications, 1998).
Harold Coward, "Time in Hinduism," Journal of Hindu-Christian Studies 12, (1999): 22-27.
Christian Apologetics, Hinduism, Worldview Analysis, Worldview in Question Series, Worldview Outline


I admire Max Fleischer, the 30s are one of my favorite periods in cinema, as well as animation. Fleischer's contribution to the world of animation especially in the 30s and 40s with his Popeye and Superman cartoons are amazing. This short piece showcases two country folk coming in to the Worlds fair, and find themselves marveling at the wild "innovations," that are being presented. I love the art deco look, and its a great example of his work.


Supercars title contender Shane van Gisbergen was in trouble with the officials at both the final two rounds - and in the Newcastle finale, it cost him.
The Supercars title fight couldn't have been more delicately poised on the Saturday evening in Newcastle. Van Gisbergen's thrilling last-lap triumph over Scott McLaughlin in race one had closed the gap to just two points, which meant it was winner-takes-all come Sunday.
That was until van Gisbergen was found guilty of breaching rule D25.6.3.2: "The car must have all four wheels off the ground while refuelling is taking place.
"If a car is lowered to the ground before refuelling is complete it must be raised immediately and until the refuelling has been completed."
Having ridden its luck with the stewards in New Zealand a fortnight earlier with the wheel-spinning saga, Triple Eight lost out second time round.
The stewards ultimately slapped van Gisbergen with a post-race 25-second penalty, which dropped him to fifth, burst his bubble of momentum, and set DJR Penske rival Scott McLaughlin on course to win the 2018 Supercars title.
Instead Triple Eight came armed with a two-fold argument regarding the severity of the breach.
The first consideration was that, given that van Gisbergen was only back in the pits to take on a very small amount of fuel, refuelling was actually complete by the time the car was dropped and that the fuel hose being attached was actually unnecessary.
That didn't fly with the stewards: "The fact that the fuel attendant continued to keep the coupling connected notwithstanding that he had apparently seen an air bubble in the vent hose (being a sign that the tank is or is approaching full) suggests that the fuel attendant was not confident that the tank was in fact full at that point and, for that reason, remained connected and then disengaged when he realised that the air spike had already been removed."
The second argument was that a tolerance for raising the car back up - the get out of jail free card written into the regulation - should apply, as refuelling was complete and the hose was disengaged within microseconds of the car hitting the ground.
The stewards rejected the notion of a tolerance. And, as was unwittingly explained by some social media work from Triple Eight itself later that morning, that decision to not re-jack the car was the most costly of all.
One was regarding Anton de Pasquale at the Adelaide 500, and read "...commenced to refuel car #99, before raising all four (4) wheels off the ground in breach of rule D25.6.3.2. The stewards imposed a fine of $3000 and a further penalty of the loss of thirty (30) 2018 VASC teams' championship points."
Secondly, and more significantly, having the refuelling commence before the car went on the jacks gave de Pasquale's Erebus team the opportunity to jack the car up and adhere to the second part of the rule.
A mistake was made, the car then went up on the jacks, and race control was satisfied that the team had recovered the best it could. Hence, a team penalty.
The decision to not jack van Gisbergen's car up again, despite refuelling being complete, is the crucial difference. Had the car been raised a second time, the stewards would have probably opted for the same $3000 fine and teams' points fine they gave de Pasquale and Erebus earlier in the year.
Once that didn't happen, though, the team penalty idea was a tough one to back - particularly given that Triple Eight's assessment that there was no performance advantage was easily countered by the fact van Gisbergen won the race by the tiniest bit of fuel.


text:
This is a simple wrapper over the [inotify](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inotify) Linux kernel subsystem
for monitoring changes to files and directories.
It uses the [FFI](http://wiki.github.com/ffi/ffi) gem to avoid having to compile a C extension.

[API documentation is available on rdoc.info](http://rdoc.info/projects/nex3/rb-inotify).

[![Build Status](https://secure.travis-ci.org/guard/rb-inotify.svg)](http://travis-ci.org/guard/rb-inotify)
[![Code Climate](https://codeclimate.com/github/guard/rb-inotify.svg)](https://codeclimate.com/github/guard/rb-inotify)
[![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/guard/rb-inotify/badge.svg)](https://coveralls.io/r/guard/rb-inotify)

## Usage

The API is similar to the inotify C API, but with a more Rubyish feel.
First, create a notifier:

    notifier = INotify::Notifier.new

Then, tell it to watch the paths you're interested in
for the events you care about:

    notifier.watch("path/to/foo.txt", :modify) {puts "foo.txt was modified!"}
    notifier.watch("path/to/bar", :moved_to, :create) do |event|
      puts "#{event.name} is now in path/to/bar!"
    end

Inotify can watch directories or individual files.
It can pay attention to all sorts of events;
for a full list, see [the inotify man page](http://www.tin.org/bin/man.cgi?section=7&topic=inotify).

Finally, you get at the events themselves:

    notifier.run

This will loop infinitely, calling the appropriate callbacks when the files are changed.
If you don't want infinite looping,
you can also block until there are available events,
process them all at once,
and then continue on your merry way:

    notifier.process

## Advanced Usage

Sometimes it's necessary to have finer control over the underlying IO operations
than is provided by the simple callback API.
The trick to this is that the \{INotify::Notifier#to_io Notifier#to_io} method
returns a fully-functional IO object,
with a file descriptor and everything.
This means, for example, that it can be passed to `IO#select`:

     # Wait 10 seconds for an event then give up
     if IO.select([notifier.to_io], [], [], 10)
       notifier.process
     end

It can even be used with EventMachine:

     require 'eventmachine'

     EM.run do
       EM.watch notifier.to_io do
         notifier.process
       end
     end

Unfortunately, this currently doesn't work under JRuby.
JRuby currently doesn't use native file descriptors for the IO object,
so we can't use the notifier's file descriptor as a stand-in.

### Resource Limits

If you get an error like `inotify event queue has overflowed` you might be running into system limits. You can add the following to your `/etc/sysctl.conf` to increase the number of files that can be monitored:

```
fs.inotify.max_user_watches = 100000
fs.inotify.max_queued_events = 100000
fs.inotify.max_user_instances = 100000
```

## Contributing

1. Fork it
2. Create your feature branch (`git checkout -b my-new-feature`)
3. Commit your changes (`git commit -am 'Add some feature'`)
4. Push to the branch (`git push origin my-new-feature`)
5. Create new Pull Request

## License

Released under the MIT license.

Copyright, 2009, by [Natalie Weizenbaum](https://github.com/nex3).
Copyright, 2017, by [Samuel G. D. Williams](http://www.codeotaku.com/samuel-williams).

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
THE SOFTWARE.


This allows league administrators to choose which elements of result and scorecard entry they wish to have validated and then refer any exceptions to the Play-Cricket's workflow. Different schedules may be defined and applied to selected divisions and cup competitions.
Select Validation Rules from the Competitions section of the Admin Home page.
Click the Add button to create a schedule.
The Copy button allows administrators to create new schedules based on an existing one.
Enter a name for the schedule and select Next.
Click the Edit icon for Result Entered.
Select all the boxes that are required when a result is entered and save the changes.
The Result Entered line is updated.
When the Result Entry section has been completed, select the Team Sheets option.
Note. This check is concerned purely with the team sheets that are populated when the result is uploaded, and not the scorecard.
Select the rules to be applied, save the entry and the Content tab will be displayed.
As before, select any rules that you wish to apply.
Save the entry and the Competitions tab will be displayed.
Select the divisions and cups to which the validation schedule applies and save the changes.
The Set-Up screen for Divisions and Cups displays the validation rule which applies. Notice that this is a field which can be used to select a different schedule if others exist.