text:
Jaime King and 4-year-old son hit the red carpet in matching dresses: 'If you like it, wear it'
By Áine Ryan| 2 years ago
'If you like it, wear it'
Jaime King believes that if you "like it, wear it".
On Thursday, the 39-year old actress shared a touching Instagram post after she attended the Incredibles 2 premiere with her son, James.
The photo she 'grammed showed the 4-year-old clutching at her leg as he donned a sweet pink dress for the occasion.
A post shared by Jaime King (@jaime_king) on Jun 6, 2018 at 9:40pm PDT
King wore a red floral number, with matching red lips and in the caption wrote: "I love my baby SO MUCH!!! He chose my lipstick and dress with Annabelle Harron 😍. To my beautiful husband, I love thee. The greatest creation has been our love made manifest in our children."
King --- who also shares a 2-year-old son named Leo with her husband, Kyle Newman -- included the hashtags, "#jamesknight", "#ifyoulikeitwearit", and "#Incredibles2".
A post shared by Jaime King (@jaime_king) on May 19, 2018 at 4:02pm PDT
The former Hart of Dixie star launched a gender-neutral kids' clothing line in 2016, telling People magazine about her issue with children's clothing.
"We have set limitations upon our children and babies, whether that be consciously or subconsciously," she said. "Somewhere along the line of 'dos and don'ts,' we relegated children into little boxes that are so restrictive."
Meanwhile, James was recently the victim of a violent attack by a 47-year-old man who jumped on a parked car he was sitting in and shattered glass that hit the child.
A post shared by Jaime King (@jaime_king) on Apr 5, 2018 at 12:09pm PDT
After the incident, which occurred just two months ago, King released a statement thanking Beverly Hills police, her friend who tried to fend off the attacker, and bystanders who helped.
"The attack was incredibly violent, and my 4-year-old son was obviously the target of the individual's brutal attack, which is terrifying," she wrote on Instagram. "I'm saddened that the paparazzi chose to terrorize my son and I by shoving cameras in our face during an attack, whilst he was shaking and crying instead of trying to help."
This is what the 'School of Rock' kids look like now


text:
Léon Vacher, né le  à Treignac (Corrèze) et décédé le  à Treignac, est un homme politique français.

Biographie

Médecin à Paris en 1864, il exerce à Mont-Dore.

Il est un opposant à l'Empire, collaborant à plusieurs journaux.

Il est député de la Corrèze de 1876 à 1890 et de 1898 à 1902, inscrit au groupe de l'Union républicaine. Il milite en faveur de la nationalisation des chemins de fer et pour l'impôt progressif sur le revenu.

Il passe ensuite au boulangisme puis, lors de son dernier mandat, au groupe radical-socialiste. Il fut l'un des 363 qui refusent la confiance au gouvernement de Broglie, le .

De 1876 à sa mort en 1903, il est plusieurs fois maire de Treignac.

Dans son testament, il lègue 4 000 francs pour 200 livrets de caisse d'épargne pour les enfants de Treignac (20 francs par enfant), à la condition que M. Fleyssac ne siège plus au conseil d'administration de la ville.

Notes et références

Sources

Député de la Corrèze (Troisième République)
Député de la première législature de la Troisième République
Député de la deuxième législature de la Troisième République
Député de la troisième législature de la Troisième République
Député de la quatrième législature de la Troisième République
Député de la cinquième législature de la Troisième République
Député de la septième législature de la Troisième République
Boulangiste
Membre de la Ligue des patriotes
Naissance en Corrèze
Naissance en mars 1832
Décès en Corrèze
Décès en juillet 1903
Décès à 71 ans

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Over 20 Minnesota Tech Startups Funded in the First Quarter of 2011
According to our quarterly analysis of the local entrepreneur/investor landscape, over 20 early-stage Minnesota tech firms received investment capital during the first three months of 2011.
At least $38m in total funding was procured by Minnesota's high tech sector alone from January through March — largely skewed by Cima NanoTech's $15m D round, 8thBridge's $10m series B and RedBrick Health's $5.7m raise. The remaining 18 startups raised just over $7m combined, for an average round of $388k.
Things are not as bad as the legacy media makes them out to be — but misery loves company and you are free to follow shallow opinion if it supports your prejudice. Another recent, and slightly more useful attempt, paints an incomplete picture of what's really happening within the industry. Since most of the action is on the ground-level, our coverage extends beyond "VC" (definition please?) to include seed-stage funding on up.
A reported ten tech deals representing $3.3m were facilitated under the umbrella of the Minnesota Angel Investor Tax Credit (date=UNK). The data does not factor off the record and undisclosed transactions; any relevant PWC MoneyTree data will be updated accordingly.
Movie And Music Recommendation Startup Inveni Closes $483K Funding Round
By Rip Empson, TechCrunch
"Minnesota-based startup Inveni announced today that it has closed a $483,333 seed funding round led by a group of Silicon Valley investors, who asked to have their identities remain confidential. Be that as it may, the latest round of funding brings Inveni's total to $1.7 million."
Relatively old news for our audience, but great exposure to a much bigger one for Inveni!
Inveni Grabs More Cash
Minnetonka-based startup Inveni recently picked up an additional $283k, adding to the $200k from late 2010, according to SEC filings & co founder Aaron Weber.
In short, Inveni is a consumer web service for media that facilitates personalized discovery and empowers word-of-mouth. Users can discover new content, receive highly personalized recommendations based on a custom "taste profile" and share this information with friends in the online social setting.
Looking into the nuances, a total of four investors have gone in thus far on the $700k (target) first round.
From Aaron Weber's previous roots with W3i, to being a 2010 Minnesota Cup high tech division finalist, through a name change and simultaneous TechCrunch/ midVentures launch — Inveni has to be one of Minnesota's most widely known startups by now.
"We are excited about closing our seed round and about the relaunch scheduled for quarter two," says Weber.
Over $60m Raised by Minnesota High Tech Ventures in 2010
by Zach Robins
Despite a year's worth of articles bemoaning the condition of U.S. venture capital investing (see here and here and here), venture capital firms invested $21.8 billion nationally in 2010 (3,277 total investments), according to the National Venture Capital Association & PwC's annual MoneyTree report.
This represents a 19% increase in dollars invested over 2009.
Minnesota's 2010 story ends quite differently. Cross-sector startups raised a collective $140 million, marking a 48% drop from 2009, and the lowest Minnesota amount since the MoneyTree reporting began 15 years ago.
For 2010, TECHdotMN documents 42 unique high tech deals (IT, SaaS, web/mobile, digital media, hardware, telecom), totaling in excess of $60m invested in Minnesota-based technology companies throughout last year. Excluding Cymbet's $31m round, 36 different ventures raised approximately $30m combined in 2010, or $857k per average round, according to the data.*
A New Level for Minnedemo
Having previously featured 9/10 of last night's Minnedemo presenters, today is less on what our audience already knows about these unique Minnesota startups (videos below) and more on cultural impact of last nights big event on Minnesota's tech community.
Relatively few were paying attention in the beginning when a small group of enthusiasts would gather somewhere like the (then Franklin Ave) Acadia Cafe or Chiang Mai Thai Restaurant to share their budding projects with peers; based on a historical context of the past three alone, one thing is clear: Minnedemo is now on a whole new level.
Inveni Is Personalizing the Future
By Dana Severson, Twin Cities Business
"Startup: Inveni
Location: Minnetonka
Key players: Aaron Weber, president; Jim Musil, senior Web developer; and Chris Miller, product manager
Funding: Self-funded, but in the process of closing a seed round in early 2011
Web site: inveni.com"
Updated: Presenters Added – MinneDemo is Back on January 13!
by Mike Bollinger
The 9th production of MinnDemo will take place on Thursday, January 13, 6:00pm at St. Thomas' Schulze Hall.
MinneDemo happens roughly 2-3 times per year to showcase real, working technology products made in Minnesota. In January, ten companies will give 7-minute demos of functional hardware and/or software. In addition to the Minnesota tech buzz, the event is known for facilitating some of the best startup networking in town.
Organizers Ben Edwards and Luke Francl have moved the event to St. Thomas from its previous location at Intermedia Arts in Uptown. "We've had such a huge level of interest in this event that we've needed to move it around as space has become an issue. We're always looking for better venues," said Ben. In the past the event has been held at Chang Mai Tai, Acadia Cafe (before it moved), O'Gara's, and Intermedia Arts.
Updated 1/5/10 12:45 – The 10 demonstrations include:
New Web Service Inveni Solves the What- to-Watch Conundrum
By Jennifer Van Grove, Mashable
"Quick Pitch: Inveni is a discovery engine that gives highly personalized recommendations based on a user's universal taste profile and recommendations from friends.
Genius Idea: What movie should we rent? What should we queue up on Netflix? Is that new television show worth watching? These are questions that plague singles, couples and families the world round. Newly launched startup Inveni exists to weave the interests we've expressed elsewhere on the web into a fabric of intelligent movie and television recommendations."
From San Francisco to Chicago, Inveni ready to unveil public beta
Over a year in the making, Minnetonka-based startup Inveni will simultaneously launch its public beta today at San Francisco's TechCrunch Disrupt (demopit/startup alley) and midVentures LAUNCH conference in Chicago.
The web service for media (movies and television) allows users to discover new content, receive highly personalized recommendations, and share with friends. In short, it's all about finding you a show to watch tonight based on everything you already know you like or dislike.
Updated – Dispatches from the RAIN Makers Conference
Over two non-stop days, a number of Minnesota tech entrepreneurs are commingling with accredited investors at the RAIN Maker's Conference in Bloomington, Minnesota.
Hosted by RAIN Source Capital, the theme of this year's 7th annual gathering is focus—where to expend capital and time to maximize future returns. Richard Sudek, Chairman of Tech Coast Angels gave Thursday's keynote and Keith Kegley from the XPrize Foundation delivered Friday's closing remarks. Five Minnesota technology start-ups are exhibiting at the event, in alphabetical order:
Anser Innovation has announced a new member of its board of directors — @amandakbrinkman of @hulu's… https://t.co/gxZsozOPBE # 10 hours ago

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Review: If It Bleeds by Stephen King
If It Bleeds is the latest release by Stephen King and is a collection of four short stories, which include:
Mr Harrigan's Phone
The Life of Chuck
My favourite in this collection was the first, Mr Harrigan's Phone. King has a magical way of writing kids that gets me every time. This time our protagonist wasn't in a group of misfit kids riding around on bikes, but a solitary type hired by the rich retiree up the road to read to him. It was such a terrific story, it was easily my favourite of this collection.
Having started so strongly, the others were okay in comparison.
The title story If It Bleeds is actually a novella which is a sequel to The Outsider published by Stephen King last year. Even if you haven't read The Outsider, you should still be able to make sense of the case Holly Gibney of Finders Keepers is pursuing.
Rat was about a writer whose life long ambition was to write a novel and reminded me a little of Jack Torrance in The Shining.
I watched a discussion between Stephen King and fellow bestselling author John Grisham recently where King mentioned that he enjoys writing short stories and when he writes one he puts it away, and then every so often he'll 'gather them together' for another collection like this.
I've enjoyed a number of his collections over the years (see below) and have every reason to hope this won't be his last.
- The Bazaar of Bad Dreams
- Full Dark, No Stars
- Just After Sunset
From Publisher for Review, Mystery, Novella, Paranormal, Short Stories
Theresa Smith Writes 6:30 PM, May 11, 2020
Do you like the collections more than the novels?
Tracey (Carpe Librum) 12:43 AM, May 12, 2020
Mmmmm, I don't think I do, no. I just checked and it's been 9 years since I gave a Stephen King novel 5 stars and that was Under The Dome. I think he's pretty much an automatic author read for me though and I'll always be interested in what he puts out.
Review: Rules for Perfect Murders by Peter Swanson
Bloggernomicon - The Book Muse
Review: Torched by Kimberley Starr
Review: Death Is But a Dream - Finding Hope and Me...
Guest Review: The Austen Girls by Lucy Worsley
Guest review: Silver by Chris Hammer
Review: Laetitia Rodd and the Case of the Wanderin...
Review: Grief Cottage by Gail Godwin


Losing weight is a very personal journey and each individual will have their own process of succeeding. Recently Kim Kardashian has revealed it was the Atkins diet that helped her achieve her weight loss goals and lose an amazing 70 pounds! (That's 5 stone to you and me). Huge success.
Diets such as Atkins can be difficult for many to stick to as it is strict on food groups you can eat. Not everyone can stay on track, especially when certain foods are 'forbidden' – this just makes you want them more.
If such diets do not appeal to you, and you wish to continue eating all food groups (in moderation of course) then it is possible to achieve long term weight loss goals through healthy eating and exercise. Including more vegetables to meals, snacking on fruit instead of junk, and calorie counting can all help.
One way to count calories with ease is with meal replacement shakes. These convenient shakes are highly nutritious, full of protein to help maintain lean muscle mass whist you lose weight, and to keep you feeling fuller for longer. But best of all, they take the hassle out of preparing breakfast and lunch.
It may be easier to start with a healthy eating change if you are somewhat unaccustomed to exercise. Reducing calories and eating healthy will definitely kick-start weight loss. Once exercise is able to begin, fat burner supplements can further enhance weight loss results. Exercise will boost metabolism but so will fat burners, so the effects will be greater.
As previously mentioned, weight loss is a journey, one that cannot be achieved in a small space of time (not healthily anyway). Take time to achieve your weight loss goals as taking time should ensure the weight stays off and that yo-yo dieting is a thing of the past.


text:
{ "300990": { "url": "/topic/Japan-Renewal-Party", "shareUrl": "https://www.britannica.com/topic/Japan-Renewal-Party", "title": "Japan Renewal Party" ,"gaExtraDimensions": {"3":"false"} } }
Japan Renewal Party
political party, Japan
Alternative Title: Shinseitō
Assorted References
In Japan: Political developments
…New Party (JNP) and the Japan Renewal Party. These joined several former opposition parties to form a coalition government with Hosokawa Morihiro, leader of the JNP, as prime minister.
role of
Hata Tsutomu
In Hata Tsutomu
…June 1993 and formed the Japan Renewal Party (Shinseitō). Their new party became the second largest in a seven-party coalition government formed by Hosokawa Morihiro in August 1993. Hata served as foreign minister and deputy prime minister in this government. When Hosokawa resigned on April 8, 1994, Hata was elected…
Ozawa Ichirō
In Ozawa Ichirō
…and put together Shinseito (Japan Renewal Party)—a seven-group coalition that toppled the Liberal Democrats, who had held power for 38 years. Ozawa was top policy maker through the subsequent administrations of prime ministers Hosokawa Morihiro and Hata Tsutomu, which passed the electoral reforms he had sought. His grand goals,…


Australia's intense love of sport and recreation has driven fields under the sport and leisure umbrella to the forefront of many students' career choices. Over the last decade, universities (mainly the newer ones) and private providers have created a host of new courses in sport and leisure. Courses in fields like sports medicine, sports management, leisure studies and outdoor recreation are now rivalling some of the most popular traditional courses.
On the downside, while jobs were predicted to multiply faster in the sports and leisure industries than in any other sector of the economy a short while ago, it seems that the supply of graduates may have outrun the demand.
Further information about the sport industry in Australia can be found on the Australian Sport Commission website.
If you are interested in this field, you should also consider courses in tourism and hospitality and some specialisations in business and management, environmental studies or the humanities and social sciences. If you are interested in the health-related side of sport and leisure, you can also look at the field of study profiles for health services and support, rehabilitation and perhaps even medicine.
VET courses range from certificate I through to advanced diploma level and cover a range of specialisations, including areas such as fitness instruction and leisure and health. Sport and recreation, outdoor recreation and fitness are the main specialisations offered at diploma and advanced diploma level.
Most VET courses in this field will have no entry requirements, especially certificate I–III courses. However, entry requirements usually apply for advanced diploma courses. In some courses it may also be necessary to be in relevant employment or to gain employment once you are enrolled in the course.
Many TAFE institutes and some Registered Training Organisations (RTOs) offer VET courses in this field, often with articulation pathways into degree courses.
The careers available to VET graduates cover many aspects of the sports and leisure industries. Although VET graduates are not able to qualify to work in professions such as sports medicine (this is only available to university graduates), they can qualify for other specialist occupations that are unique to the sector. The following are just some examples: fitness instructor, yoga instructor, stablehand, jockey, coach and racing animal trainer.
VET graduates from general sport and recreation courses will have opportunities in state or local clubs and community organisations, in roles involving promotion and event management or instructing and coaching sports and recreation activities. Others can work in organisations that operate in specialist industries, such as the fitness and racing industries. Graduates who qualify in an occupation, such as yoga instructor, can often work for themselves. In order to qualify for some occupations it may be necessary to complete a higher VET qualification (diploma or advanced diploma).
If you're interested in courses in this field, you probably have an inherent interest in sport. Just bear in mind that study in this field will not necessarily lead you to involvement in professional sport; courses are more likely to lead to a variety of roles that focus on supporting the various sports industries and professionals. Graduates of studies in a relevant area could find themselves working in any aspect of the industry, including national and state sporting organisations, sporting clubs and competitions; facilities management; event management; sport media; sport marketing and promotion; sports medicine; health promotion; leisure and recreation centre management; and government sport policy and funding. The course you choose will very much depend on the area of specialisation and associated occupations that interest you.
Getting into degree courses is not too difficult in this field, although cut-offs for courses with a health or science side to them (such as biomechanics, exercise science or sports medicine) are high. Many TAFE institutes and a few private providers offer diploma-level courses in this field, often with articulation pathways into university degrees.
Degrees in this field are offered around the country at universities and some private providers. However, because there are distinct areas of specialisation in sport and leisure, depending on your interests, you might need to be flexible about where you study.
Another thing to think about — and this depends on the nature of the course and the level of practical work — are the facilities that each institution offers. This may be an important factor influencing your decision-making process. Courses in capital cities like Melbourne and Sydney, for example, may have easy access to Olympic facilities or other major sporting centres.
According to the 2014 Course Experience Questionnaire survey, graduates of this field of study are quite happy with their course experience and give their teachers good ratings. Unfortunately, many graduates have difficulty gaining employment, with a 54 per cent unemployment rate in 2014 (an increase of 14 per cent on the year prior). Almost half of graduates went on to further study, perhaps to improve their job prospects. The starting salary for recent graduates ($47,174 in 2014) is below average and has fallen since 2013.
At postgraduate level, sport and leisure is a small but highly specialised field, with courses available in areas such as sport coaching, sport management and sport science.
Coursework programs in this field might offer those already working in the field the chance to advance their skills, or they might be designed to help graduates of related fields enter new occupations or specialisations.
While the majority of programs are coursework-based, many postgraduate students (almost 40 per cent) undertake research degrees. If you are contemplating research work in the area, you should consider a number of factors when choosing a program and department. This includes both the specialisations of each institution (depending on your chosen field), as well as your potential supervisors.
As quite a diverse field, you will find relevant courses at many institutions (both universities and private providers). You may find that some specialisations are on offer at just a few institutions while others may be offered just about anywhere.
One thing to consider is that research and coursework in areas related to sport and leisure is likely to involve field projects and clinical work, so make sure that the faculty or school has appropriate industry links and up-to-date facilities. Institutions in Melbourne and Sydney, for example, may have access to Olympic-standard facilities such as pools and athletic tracks.
According to the national Course Experience Questionnaire survey, recent sport and leisure postgraduates were very happy with their course experience, the teaching quality of their courses and the skills they gained, awarding all five stars. Employment prospects have worsened, with 26 per cent of graduates still seeking work four months after course completion. Salaries are below average, having dropped to $61,944 per year.


Wow I did finally get my rankings for last week put together, I started the day out reading a few emails and trying to be ready to send today's mailing. ok then I ran into a e-mail that I thought I may need to stop and pack a lunch to carry me until I got to the bottom of the e-mail to click the credit link and of course the person that sent it didn't think he should put his name on the e-mail, I wonder why? This is branding send e-mails that you are happy to put your name on. As my Mom always told me do unto others as you would have them do unto you.
Ok to recap I did get my Lifetime JV upgrade at Buzzy Biz Traffic last week and you will see it listed in last weeks numbers.Chris has a nice JV offer going on until February 22nd, You see JV offers all the time but with Chris it's worth my time, I've been a member in Chris's other site's and I like the way he does business. Your su!pport ticket are answered fast and he pays commissions on time or early!!


text:
Portugal Portugal Production - Search
Portugal's Government and Economy
Portugal's central bank is called Banco de Portugal and the two largest banks are Banco Comercial Português and the stateowned Caixa Geral de Depositos. The national currency is now the Euro which replaced Escudos on 1 January 1999 and was removed from circulation on 28 February 2002.
Portugal Government Debt to GDP | 2021 Data | 2022 ...
Portugal recorded a Government Debt to GDP of percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2020. Government Debt to GDP in Portugal averaged percent from 1990 until 2020, reaching an all time high of percent in 2020 and a record low of percent in 2000. This page provides Portugal Government Debt To GDP actual values, historical .
Portugal (red), OECD Total (black) National landings in domestic ports. Tonnes. 2018. Portugal (red) Nutrient balance Indior. Nitrogen. Kilograms/hectare.
Shoot Portugal Production
Why Portugal; Clients; Contact Loions / Beaches Loions / HiWays Byways Loions / City Urban Loions / Towns Villages Loions / Palaces Parks Loions / Houses Gardens Loions / Fields ...
Portugal's Bike Boom: How the Country Is Meeting the ...
· At Polisport, Mr. Aráujo hired several engineers from Philips, the Dutch electronics company, after it moved part of its production to Asia .
Business culture in Portugal: international business ...
The main agricultural products of Portugal are: cereals, olives and their vineyards. The main industries are cement production, fishing, oil refineries, automotive and shipping machinery, paper injection moulding, electrical and electronics plastic products, textiles, footwear, leather, ceramics, furniture, and cork ( of which Portugal is a leading producer).
The Biggest Industries In Portugal
· Portugal is loed to the west of Spain on the Iberian Peninsula, where it is a member of the European Union. This country has a gross domestic product (GDP) of billion that when adjusted for purchasing power parity is equal to billion.
· The Council for Productivity is in charge of monitoring public policies in the field of productivity. It will also analyse the effects of public policies with an impact on productivity in Portugal, with the aim of improving measures already implemented and defining new policies in areas such as innovation, investment, human capital adequacy or competitive capacity in .
Portugal Natural Gas Reserves, Production and Consumption ...
Portugal consumes 220,648 million cubic feet (MMcf) of natural gas per year as of the year 2017.; Portugal ranks 57th in the world for natural gas consumption, accounting for about % of the world's total consumption of 132,290,211 MMcf.; Portugal consumes 21,446 cubic feet of natural gas per capita every year (based on the 2017 population of 10,288,527 people), or 59 cubic feet per capita ...
Production Portugal
PSP is a Portuguese Production Services company. We are great in commercials, photo, music videos and all the production services. We work with the best for.
Portugal consumes 220,648 million cubic feet (MMcf) of natural gas per year as of the year 2017.; Portugal ranks 57th in the world for natural gas consumption, accounting for about % of the world's total consumption of 132,290,211 MMcf.; Portugal consumes 21,446 cubic feet of natural gas per capita every year (based on the 2017 population of 10,288,527 people), or 59 .
Portugal Economy |
Portugal Economy . Portugal has become a diversified and increasingly servicebased economy since joining the European Community in 1986. Over the past decade, successive governments have privatized many statecontrolled firms and liberalized key areas of the economy, including the financial and telecommuniions sectors.
Portugal | USDA Foreign Agricultural Service
· Portugal Portugal. Contact. Office of Agricultural Affairs, Madrid (01134) . agmadrid FAS Madrid Website. ... Portuguese fruit production has improved its efficiency and evolved into a dynamic and advanced agricultural sector. August 19, 2021. World Production, ...
Portugal's leading edible tree crop was olive oil. In spite of the importance of olive oil for the economy and the increasing production of other edible oilseeds, such as safflower and sunflower, Portugal was a net importer of vegetable fats and oils.
Prefab Home Manufacturers in Portugal 🇵🇹 | Europe
Portugal 🇵🇹 Manufacturers of prefab houses and modular homes in Portugal. Find and compare builders. Prefab manufacturers. Clickhouse. Made in Guincho. MIMA Housing. Jular. prefab homes modular houses. Alentejo Treehouse. Manufacturer. Made in Guincho. Price from. 15,000 USD. Made in Europe.
Filmes do Tejo
Filmes do Tejo, in the heart of Lisboa, provides production shooting services for feature films, television and commercials since 1998. Our realm of expertise is Portugal, with its stunning loions, friendly people and 3000 annual hours of sunshine.
Portugal Shoes
Portugal Shoes is a production agency from Portugal that works in footwear design development.
UK, Portugal companies team to create production and ...
· Portuguese production services firm Spy Manor Productions has formed a strategic collaboration with Production Algarve and UK production ... Portugal .
Portugal Production Services
· Are you looking for film production services in Portugal? AV Film Services provides the best creative and adjusted solutions for your production needs. AV Film Services works as a Producer, Fixer and Local Producer. +351 912 037 064 Praceta Natália Correia 1814ºB São Domingos Rana, Cascais Portugal.
Gotrend | Your Textile Partner in Portugal | Concept ...
Was established 20 years ago in Oporto (Portugal), being a company specialized in the development and management of productions of Woven Apparel and Circular Knit Garments in Portugal, China and Bangladesh, having own offices and permanent staff in all 3 loions.
Soulkitchen Productions is a full service production company based in Portugal specialising in feature films, tv commercials and music videos. Since 1996 we have continued to combine Portugal´s natural beauty, diversity of loions and quality of sunlight with our international film crew to make every shoot as enjoyable and successful as possible.
Portugal is the biggest bicycle manufacturer in Europe
· Portugal was already experiencing very remarkable growth even before the coronavirus, but this exceptional situation has been a wakeup call for other means, promoting the use of bicycles especially in urban and interurban environments. Already in 2019, Portugal produced a quarter of all the bicycles made in Europe, million.
Search - New Quartz Plant Cost In Vietnam
About Stone Quarry Chile Machine
Bradken Vertical Stirred Mill
Complete Mobile Stone Crushers Price
Basalt Production Line Guatemala For Sale
Search - Mini Crushing Concrete


Kylian Mbappe is treading a path familiar to many young French footballers. From a beginning as a player at AS Bondy, also his hometown, to the Champions League with AS Monaco with a spell at the prestigious Clairefontaine academy thrown in for good measure. The young forward has been equipped with the tools to succeed from an early age.
Monaco are of course no strangers to fleet footed wide players having been the club that launched the career of Arsenal and France legend Thierry Henry. As with Mbappe the young Henry started his career as a wide player with the capacity to cut inside towards goal. Henry would of course go on to spend the bulk of his career as a central forward with the freedom to operate from the left hands side and drift in. Mbappe has all of the pre requisite tools to do the same.
He made his professional debut in December 2015 and became the youngest player ever to play for Monaco, eclipsing the record set by? That's right, Thierry Henry.
Mbappe is yet to establish himself as a regular first team player and is instead gaining minutes as a substitute where he can use his electric pace to threaten tired defenders. It is surely though only a matter of time before he is a regular part of the first team.
With Manchester United having fairly recently paid Monaco upwards of £30M to secure the signature of Anthony Martial (another quick left footed attacker) it comes as no surprise that Mbappe is being monitored by a number of Premier League sides including Chelsea and Arsenal. He certainly has the attributes required to thrive in English football, raw pace coupled with the capacity to attack a defender on the inside or outside and a sound knowledge of how to create and exploit space.
There are however still raw edges including his ability to link in with other players and his composure when through on the goalkeeper but these are natural weaknesses that we often see in a player so young.
The aforementioned Clairefontaine academy was for a long time thought to be responsible for the high numbers of French footballers that went on to become valued professionals with their clubs. There is a certain degree of merit in that but credit must also go to the cultural environment in which many young French players still grow.
The art of street football, and be clear on this it is an art, has all but died out in many Western European countries with the distractions of technology and the rise of heavily controlled indoor football there are less youngsters out on the street trying to deal with the challenges that football on the streets presents.
In France however that is not wholly the case. Street football still exists in many French cities and towns and is fiercely competitive. It is from this environment that the latest line of skilful young French footballers have emerged. Kinglsey Coman and Ousmane Dembele are impressing in Germany with Bayern Munich and Borussia Dortmund respectively and Kylian Mbappe may well be the next off of the production line.
Here Mbappe is in action against the Netherlands for the French youth side. He has held the width of the field and effectively isolated his opposing full back in a one on one situation. It is in these situations that Mbappe excels. He has the capability to attack either side of the isolated defender at speed to go down the touchline where he will usually narrow off the angle and cut back from the corner of the penalty area or to drive infield in to the central areas forcing the defensive block to adjust and counter his threat.
Players that have no specifically defined tendencies in these situations are extremely difficult for the opposition to prepare for.
The full back advancing from the deeper position will purely be used as a decoy by Mbappe as he rarely uses the overlap to play through the wide areas. This lack of team play is something that should be rectified in the short term to force the opposition players to account for three specific threats when he has the ball in the wide areas.
Here Mbappe has picked up possession in a more narrow area of the pitch with the left full back again offering width on the left hand side. Instead of playing wide and in to the area already occupied Mbappe attacks the immediate defender down the right hands side and drives centrally with the ball.
He does not stop there and engages the covering defender and also beats him in the same movement. In a matter of seconds Mbappe has taken three defensive players out of the game and has given his side a significant advantage whilst offering them an advanced platform from which to attack.
One of the key characteristics necessary for a young player to play in a modern forward line at the top level is the ability to identify and exploit space.
Static attacking players no longer have as much success against defences that are more nuanced in their approach to the defensive phase of the game. The capacity to move in and out of space and to use movement to create space for other players around you is incredibly important today.
Kylian Mbappe has shown in flashes during his albeit brief professional career that he understands space and that he enjoys moving from the wide areas to receive the ball centrally with the greater range of movement options open to him.
Here we see Mbappe playing in the Champions League this season. With the attacking phase of possession progressing centrally he has identified the need to provide an advanced option in a central area for the ball to be played to.
Crucially he is also aware of the movements of the defensive line around him and as the ball is progressed forward he times a curved run perfectly to stay onside and be in a position to attack and capitalise on the space in behind the defensive line.
Many young players in this position would either allow themselves to be caught offside or be attracted towards the ball narrowing the field and making it easier for the opposition to defend.
This time an example of Mbappe playing as a central striker against the Italian youth team. He has again been tactically intelligent enough to recognise that there is space between the defensive and midfield lines of the opposition and to position himself to take advantage of that.
As he takes possession in space his first thought is not to link backwards to a player moving from deep and instead he turns and drives with the ball towards the penalty area. As the left winger cuts inside Mbappe recognises that and drives towards the right sided centre back who is now at risk of being overloaded.
Pace, power and perception are three key attributes of a generic mobile forward. Mbappe possesses them all in abundance.
It may seem somewhat contradictory to have already spoken above about Mbappe not having a developed understanding of team interplay and how to access advanced areas by passing and moving. This is however a side of the game that we are seeing improve rapidly as Mbappe receives move playing time and it is one of the key building blocks that we need to see in his game.
A player with the attributes of Mbappe should attract increasing amounts of attention of opposition defensive schemes with double teams and covering players likely to be utilised. This should allow Mbappe to play the ball in to free team mates in supporting areas and open up space for his team mates.
The unpredictable nature of his movement when facing a single defender in the wide area will naturally force the opposition to commit extra defenders in to his space to prevent the cut back on to his right foot or the dribble horizontally. This naturally opens up space elsewhere.
Here Mbappe has attracted three defenders towards his side of the pitch and he is able to time the cut back correctly to play in the central player who goes on to score with an unopposed shot.
Here again Mbappe recognises that the correct action is to play the ball to the advanced area on the left hand side where for once he is not the most advanced player. As he plays the ball he then recognises that there is space to exploit between the right back and right sided centre back. This movement is largely a selfless act designed to allow his team mate in possession the chance to isolate and attack the fullback.
Whilst this is an aspect of his game that is not yet fully developed it is encouraging that he is showing progress and a willingness to adapt his game. The speed at which this aspect is improving is surprising for such a young player.
The model at Monaco dictates that the club will develop young players to a point before selling them at a profit and then reinvesting that profit in to the next batch of young players either via internal development or external recruitment.
It seems increasingly likely that Kylian Mbappe will be one of the next players to depart for a large fee. If however he does go on to develop to his full potential then Monaco may well end up regretting letting him leave at such a young age.
He fits the profile of a modern, mobile centre forward. That is likely to be where we seem him play in the next few years, whether that is in the English Premier League remains to be seen.


text:
Use this template to not only shotlist, but to visually breakdown your projects by art, vfx and more.
x MADE IN HER IMAGE
THE SOLE FOLKS STORE + LAB IS LOCATED IN THE VIBRANT LEIMERT PARK COMMUNITY IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA. THIS AREA HAS BECOME THE CENTER OF BOTH HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY AFRICAN-AMERICAN ART, MUSIC, AND CULTURE IN LOS ANGELES.
We're delighted to announce our partnership with SOLEFOLKS and their upcoming event on Saturday, March 27, 2021.
If you followed our QR code here, then please take a look at a few of the films screening and on display below:
THE INSTRUCTORS
BALLET AFTER DARK
Ballet After Dark tells the story a young woman who found the strength to survive after an attack. She created an organization that is helping sexual abuse and domestic violence survivors find healing after trauma through dance therapy.
B. Monét is a writer and director who holds an MFA from New York University. She was named the 2017 Horizon Award Winner, is a Will & Jada Smith Family Foundation grant recipient, and was named a Sundance Women's Financing Intensive Project Fellow for her first feature, Q.U.E.E.N.
THE POWER OF HOPE
TIPPY TIPPY TOP
When her mother falls ill, an aspiring architect grapples with feelings of helplessness, but moved by the words of Michelle Obama, she finds the will to persevere and bring her dreams to life.
Fourteen-year-old Kalia Love Jones is an ambitious animated filmmaker with a goal of empowering others. She is devoted to her passion and confident that she can make a positive difference in the world by inspiring more young women to pursue their filmmaking dreams.
Two sisters start a lemonade stand, where they sing surrounded by friends about their goals, plans, sister love, and willpower as money falls from the sky. The music video, which is drenched in bright yellow imagery, was directed by Lathenia Janae, an Arizona-based filmmaker whose work explores the African diaspora.
Lathenia Janae is a dynamic and multi-hyphenated award winning fine artist and experimental director who is currently completing her BA in Intermediate art from Arizona State University.
Reining from the Southwest, her multi-hyphenate experience of growing black in the Sonoran desert have allowed her to develop and curate a myriad art forms and styled that move and shift to honor the African diaspora.
NO FACE BENNY
Unable to deal with her grandmother's declining mental and physical health, a young girl uses her cardboard spaceship to escape her reality before the matriarch of her family dies.
Malakai is a director, artist, activist and revolutionary. Within Malakai's films she utilizes fantastical and visual storytelling to curate narratives that are bold, brave and representative of race, gender and identity, especially for those of the african diaspora. Above all things, her goal is to be a disrupter. Founder of the non-profit Made In Her Image, Malakai is also an activist invested in giving back to her community.
A young black man wants to reveal the truth about his traumatic childhood to his significant other, however, he must find a way by facing his inner demons to do so.
Ciara Boniface is a 22-year old director and writer currently based in Los Angeles. In February 2018, Ciara won a nationwide search for the 'Next Visionary Filmmaker' -- an award presented by Walt Disney Studios, Nissan, and Wrinkle in Time director, Ava DuVernay.
Ciara strives to shine a light on social and Southern-based issues in her work while providing representation for Black women in the horror/ thriller sphere.
In 2019, Ciara's short film Skintight launched on Gunpowder and Sky's horror platform ALTER, an online space aimed at giving a voice to emerging horror filmmakers. Ciara is currently in the process of producing the feature film version of Skintight, which will be her very first feature production.
"Endure" is a story about a girl who loves to play basketball. She lost her best friend and wears her sneakers as a tribute to her in all her basketball games. Two boys who are jealous of her talent steal her shoes, and she has to be brave and confront them to recover them.
Jessica Ramirez is Mexican cinematographer & director. Additionally, she is an ambassador at Made In Her Image, which is a non-profit based towards educating girls and young women of color within media and technology.
Growing as a Latina with a love for action and adventure stories, she rarely saw girls that she could relate to in the media. Therefore, her goal is to change that by capturing and directing films that tell the unheard stories of the intrepid and driven women in minority communities.


. . I wasn't sure how, and when, to tell him that his poetry was bad. I mean, really terrible. The afternoon sun punched through the office windows, making his golden epaulettes glint and hid his jowly, expansive face in shadow. His mustache, a perfect rectangle, sat in geometric opposition to the uneven oval of his mouth as it formed itself around his ridiculous rhymes. I was the most recent in a long string of chiefs of staff to the Generalissimo. Something of a hot seat, this job. Some of us had died in prison. Some shot ceremonially or unceremonially depending on his mood. One, famously, simply dropped dead of fear right here on the cold marble office floor when questioned directly about a crop failure. And now, our Great Leader had decided to take up poetry.
that Mr. I'm A Gorgeous Genius had tiptoed into my major and asked me to evaluate his poetry, it was time to take the scumbag down several notches. I strolled into the caf to see Peggy and Craig sitting together. I decided his poetry evaluation should occur now. "Got your email, Craig," I said, sitting, "and your poems literally gave me painful spasms within minutes, making your poetry comparable to a bad case of food poisoning. "I smirked, but something was wrong. Did I see the beginnings of a smile forming around his lips? And Peggy, why was she looking so angry and ah .
up at your editing office. Especially on a chill winter evening with the full moon due to appear my watch said 4:55 terrifyingly soon. "Sir," I said to the hopeful, sharp featured face currently sprouting hair surreptitiously under his polo shirt, "I'm afraid this just. isn for us. " I held my breath. In .


text:
file(REMOVE_RECURSE
  "CMakeFiles/ouput_stuffs.dir/main.cpp.obj"
  "ouput_stuffs.pdb"
  "ouput_stuffs.exe"
  "ouput_stuffs.exe.manifest"
  "libouput_stuffs.dll.a"
)

# Per-language clean rules from dependency scanning.
foreach(lang CXX)
  include(CMakeFiles/ouput_stuffs.dir/cmake_clean_${lang}.cmake OPTIONAL)
endforeach()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
James P. Sammon Partner Contact James Today
Sammon
Civic Involvement
Bar/Court Admissions
Presentations & Publications
Email: jpsammon@kjk.com	Phone: 216.736.7235	Fax: 216.621.6536
Jim has nearly 25 years of experience as a talented litigator, serving a wide range of companies and individuals. As a true generalist, Jim has worked on cases ranging from contract and lease disputes to legal ethics and legal malpractice. He's represented both plaintiffs and defendants over his career, giving him insights into both sides of matters for the benefit of his clients. He's valued by both individual and corporate clients for his eclectic experience and his talent for taking a fresh approach to every case.
Jim is a lifelong Clevelander who's active in the region's Irish-American community and his alma mater of St. Edward's High School. As president of the Irish Civic Society, Jim has marched at the head of the line at the Cleveland's St. Patrick's Day parade since 2008 and is a founding member of the Irish American Law Society of Cleveland. He is also the long-time president of the Michael D. Symon Foundation and co-chair of the foundation's Chef's Gala for Autism Speaks.
Cleveland-Marshall College of Law, Cleveland State University, J.D., 1994
Miami University, B.A., History and Political Science, 1991
John E. Dolibois European Center, Luxembourg
Graduate Level Trans-Atlantic Seminar on Implementation of the European Union
Autism Speaks, Volunteer and Chairman of Bi-Annual Chef's Gala
Cleveland Marshall Law Alumni Association, Past President and Life Member
Executive Committee for Cleveland's Annual St. Patrick's Day Parade, Member (2008 to present)
Irish American Law Society of Cleveland, Founding Member
Irish Civic Society, President (2008 to present)
St. Edward High School Legal Eagles, Past President
The Michael D. Symon Foundation, President
Cleveland Metropolitan Bar Association
Eighth Judicial Conference, Life Member
William K. Thomas American Inns of Court
Ohio State Courts
United States District Court, Northern District of Ohio
United States District Court, Southern District of New York, pro hac vice
United States Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals
Selected to Ohio Super Lawyers, 2013-2019
Martindale-Hubbell AV Preeminent Rating for Highest Level of Professional Excellence (15 years)
"Year-End Legal Ethics Seminar," Cleveland-Marshall College of Law Alumni Association, 2008-2010, 2016-2017
Represented publicly traded companies in a wide variety of contract disputes
Served as trial counsel in cases of legal malpractice against lawyers and judges
Defended national commercial trucking carriers in state and federal courts related to motor vehicle accidents
Represented numerous plaintiffs in cases totaling more than $10 million in settlements and verdicts
related resources What's New
News	/ 12.08.2020 Announcements
18 KJK Attorneys Recognized in 2021 Oh...
KJK is pleased to announce that 18 of…
Articles, Corporate	/ 05.09.2019
"The Baker Effect:" Exploring the ...
By Jim Sammon & Kyle Hutnick [caption id="attachment_11850"…
KJK Today	/ 01.09.2019
Introducing KJK Today: Year-End 2018
We are pleased to present the latest issue…
Jim Sammon Joins KJK as Partner in Lit...
KJK is pleased to welcome Jim Sammon as…
View All of James's Articles


Asia Biogas projects have generated over 20% of all CERs issued to Thai projects under the Clean Development Mechanism.
Across the operating portfolio Asia Biogas projects currently produce approximately 400,000 tonnes of emission reductions per year. Over 70% of these are from registered CDM projects. Asia Biogas affiliate Thai Biogas Energy Company (TBEC) operates the TBEC Biogas Programme for South East Asia. Any party interested to participate in the Programme is welcome to contact us for further details.


text:
The Noordzeecross (Dutch for North Sea cross) is a cyclo-cross race held in Middelkerke, Belgium with the first edition in 1959. Since the 2011 edition (2010–2011 season) the race is a part of the Superprestige.

Podiums

Men

Women

References

External links

Cyclo-cross races
Cycle races in Belgium
Recurring sporting events established in 1959
Cyclo-cross Superprestige
1959 establishments in Belgium
Sport in West Flanders
Middelkerke


text:
60-Ghz Noise Performance of Ion-Implanted Inxga1-Xas Mesfet'S
C. L. Lau, Milton Feng
Low-noise ion-implanted InxGa1-xAs MESFET's with 0.25-μm T-gates have been developed at 60 GHz. The device noise figure was 2.8 dB with an associated gain of 5.6 dB at 60 GHz. A hybrid two-stage amplifier using these ion-implanted InxGa1-xAs MESFET's achieved a noise figure of 4.6 dB with an associated gain of 10.1 dB at 60 GHz. When this amplifier was biased at 100% Idss, it achieved 11.5-dB gain at 60 GHz. These results, achieved using low-cost ion-implantation techniques, are the best reported noise figures for ion-implanted MESFET's. C. L. Lau, P. Brusenback, T. Lepkowski, T. Hwang, and C. Ito are with Ford Microelectronics, Inc., Colorado Spring, CO 80921.
IEEE Electron Device Letters
https://doi.org/10.1109/55.79561
10.1109/55.79561
Dive into the research topics of '60-Ghz Noise Performance of Ion-Implanted Inxga1-Xas Mesfet'S'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Implanted Ion Chemical Compounds 100%
Noise figure Engineering & Materials Science 80%
Ions Engineering & Materials Science 65%
Ion implantation Engineering & Materials Science 31%
Microelectronics Chemical Compounds 26%
Costs Engineering & Materials Science 8%
Lau, C. L., & Feng, M. (1991). 60-Ghz Noise Performance of Ion-Implanted Inxga1-Xas Mesfet'S. IEEE Electron Device Letters, 12(5), 244-245. https://doi.org/10.1109/55.79561
60-Ghz Noise Performance of Ion-Implanted Inxga1-Xas Mesfet'S. / Lau, C. L.; Feng, Milton.
In: IEEE Electron Device Letters, Vol. 12, No. 5, 05.1991, p. 244-245.
Lau, CL & Feng, M 1991, '60-Ghz Noise Performance of Ion-Implanted Inxga1-Xas Mesfet'S', IEEE Electron Device Letters, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 244-245. https://doi.org/10.1109/55.79561
Lau CL, Feng M. 60-Ghz Noise Performance of Ion-Implanted Inxga1-Xas Mesfet'S. IEEE Electron Device Letters. 1991 May;12(5):244-245. doi: 10.1109/55.79561
Lau, C. L. ; Feng, Milton. / 60-Ghz Noise Performance of Ion-Implanted Inxga1-Xas Mesfet'S. In: IEEE Electron Device Letters. 1991 ; Vol. 12, No. 5. pp. 244-245.
@article{075bb676ecda495f9f1dc6295c653706,
title = "60-Ghz Noise Performance of Ion-Implanted Inxga1-Xas Mesfet'S",
abstract = "Low-noise ion-implanted InxGa1-xAs MESFET's with 0.25-μm T-gates have been developed at 60 GHz. The device noise figure was 2.8 dB with an associated gain of 5.6 dB at 60 GHz. A hybrid two-stage amplifier using these ion-implanted InxGa1-xAs MESFET's achieved a noise figure of 4.6 dB with an associated gain of 10.1 dB at 60 GHz. When this amplifier was biased at 100% Idss, it achieved 11.5-dB gain at 60 GHz. These results, achieved using low-cost ion-implantation techniques, are the best reported noise figures for ion-implanted MESFET's. C. L. Lau, P. Brusenback, T. Lepkowski, T. Hwang, and C. Ito are with Ford Microelectronics, Inc., Colorado Spring, CO 80921.",
author = "Lau, {C. L.} and Milton Feng",
doi = "10.1109/55.79561",
journal = "IEEE Electron Device Letters",
T1 - 60-Ghz Noise Performance of Ion-Implanted Inxga1-Xas Mesfet'S
AU - Lau, C. L.
AU - Feng, Milton
N2 - Low-noise ion-implanted InxGa1-xAs MESFET's with 0.25-μm T-gates have been developed at 60 GHz. The device noise figure was 2.8 dB with an associated gain of 5.6 dB at 60 GHz. A hybrid two-stage amplifier using these ion-implanted InxGa1-xAs MESFET's achieved a noise figure of 4.6 dB with an associated gain of 10.1 dB at 60 GHz. When this amplifier was biased at 100% Idss, it achieved 11.5-dB gain at 60 GHz. These results, achieved using low-cost ion-implantation techniques, are the best reported noise figures for ion-implanted MESFET's. C. L. Lau, P. Brusenback, T. Lepkowski, T. Hwang, and C. Ito are with Ford Microelectronics, Inc., Colorado Spring, CO 80921.
AB - Low-noise ion-implanted InxGa1-xAs MESFET's with 0.25-μm T-gates have been developed at 60 GHz. The device noise figure was 2.8 dB with an associated gain of 5.6 dB at 60 GHz. A hybrid two-stage amplifier using these ion-implanted InxGa1-xAs MESFET's achieved a noise figure of 4.6 dB with an associated gain of 10.1 dB at 60 GHz. When this amplifier was biased at 100% Idss, it achieved 11.5-dB gain at 60 GHz. These results, achieved using low-cost ion-implantation techniques, are the best reported noise figures for ion-implanted MESFET's. C. L. Lau, P. Brusenback, T. Lepkowski, T. Hwang, and C. Ito are with Ford Microelectronics, Inc., Colorado Spring, CO 80921.
U2 - 10.1109/55.79561
DO - 10.1109/55.79561
JO - IEEE Electron Device Letters
JF - IEEE Electron Device Letters


text:
Q: Copy stateful allocator: standard library allocator semantics and internal memory I am writing a collection of allocators, with the intention that they're to be used in very high performance environments, so a little bit of restricted usage (mediated by the compiler, not runtime errors) is desirable. I've been reading into the C++11 semantics of stateful allocators and how they're expected to be used by conforming containers.
I've pasted a simple allocator below which just contains a block of memory within the allocator object. In C++03, this was illegal.
template <typename T, unsigned N>
class internal_allocator {
private:
    unsigned char storage[N];
    std::size_t cursor;
public:
    typedef T value_type;
    internal_allocator() : cursor(0) {}
    ~internal_allocator() { }

    template <typename U>
    internal_allocator(const internal_allocator<U>& other) {
        // FIXME: What are the semantics here?
    }

    T* allocate(std::size_t n) {
        T* ret = static_cast<T*>(&storage[cursor]);
        cursor += n * sizeof(T);
        if (cursor > N)
            throw std::bad_alloc("Out of objects");
        return ret;
    }
    void deallocate(T*, std::size_t) {
        // Noop!
    }
};

In C++11, is this doable? What does it mean to copy a stateful allocator? Since the destination container invokes the copy constructor for all elements in the source container, must the memory inside the allocator be explicitly copied, or is default-construction enough?
This leads to the question, given performance as the ultimate goal, what are sane values for propagate_on_container_{copy,swap,move}? What does select_on_container_copy_construction return?
I'm happy to provide more details on request because this seems a rather nebulous issue -- at least to me =)
This contention arises from the definition that when a == b returns true for two instances of the same Allocator type, it is guaranteed that memory allocated with a may be deallocated with b. That seems to never be true for this allocator. The standard also states that when an allocator is copy-constructed, as in A a(b), a == b is guaranteed to return true.

A: The allocator requirements say that copies of an allocator must be able to free each others' memory, so it is not generally possible to store the memory inside the allocator object.
This must be valid:
using IAllocChar = internal_allocator<char, 1024>;
IAllocChar::pointer p
IAllocChar a1;
{
  IAllocChar a2(a1);
  p = std::allocator_traits<IAllocChar>::allocate(a2, 1);
}
std::allocator_traits<IAllocChar>::deallocate(a1, p, 1)

So you need to store the actual memory outside the allocator object (or only use it in very restricted ways that ensure the object doesn't go out of scope while anything is referring to memory it owns).
You're also going to struggle with rebinding your internal_allocator, what should the following do?
using IAllocChar = internal_allocator<char, 1024>;
using IAllocInt = std::allocator_traits<IAllocChar>::rebind_alloc<int>;
IAllocChar ac;
auto pc = ac.allocate(1);  // got bored typing allocator_traits ;-)
IAllocInt  ai(ac);
auto pi = ai.allocate(1);
IAllocChar(ai).deallocate(pc, 1);
IAllocInt(ac).deallocate(pi, 1);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Justia Regulation Tracker Department Of Agriculture Agricultural Marketing Service United States Standards for Grades of Winter Pears, 64478 [E6-18504]
United States Standards for Grades of Winter Pears, 64478 [E6-18504]
Download as PDF 64478 Proposed Rules Federal Register Vol. 71, No. 212 Thursday, November 2, 2006 This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER contains notices to the public of the proposed issuance of rules and regulations. The purpose of these notices is to give interested persons an opportunity to participate in the rule making prior to the adoption of the final rules. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Agricultural Marketing Service 7 CFR Part 51 [Docket Number FV–06–313] United States Standards for Grades of Winter Pears Agricultural Marketing Service, USDA. ACTION: Advance notice of proposed rulemaking. AGENCY: The Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) prior to undertaking research and other work associated with revising official grade standards, is soliciting comments on the possible revisions of the United States Standards for Grades of Winter Pears. AMS has been reviewing the Fresh Fruit and Vegetable grade standards for usefulness in serving the industry. As a result AMS is considering revisions to the winter pear standard to include removing the section 51.1309, Condition after storage or transit. This section has caused confusion within the industry in the past due to different procedures incurred when reporting inspection findings in comparison to other grade standards. Additionally, AMS is seeking comments regarding any other revisions to the standards that may be necessary to better serve the industry. DATES: Comments must be received by January 2, 2007. ADDRESSES: Interested persons are invited to submit written comments to the Standardization Section, Fresh Products Branch, Fruit and Vegetable Programs, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1400 Independence Ave., SW., Room 1661 South Building, Stop 0240, Washington, DC 20250–0240; Fax (202) 720–8871, E-mail FPB.DocketClerk@usda.gov. Comments should make reference to the dates and page number of this issue of the Federal Register and will be made available for public inspection in the above office mstockstill on PROD1PC61 with PROPOSALS SUMMARY: VerDate Aug<31>2005 14:48 Nov 01, 2006 Jkt 211001 during regular business hours. The United States Standards for Grades of Winter Pears are available either at the above address or by accessing the AMS, Fresh Products Branch Web site at: http://www.ams.usda.gov/standards/ stanfrfv.htm. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Cheri L. Emery, at the above address or call (202) 720–2185; E-mail Cheri.Emery@usda.gov. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Section 203(c) of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1621–1627), as amended, directs and authorizes the Secretary of Agriculture ''To develop and improve standards of quality, condition, quantity, grade and packaging and recommend and demonstrate such standards in order to encourage uniformity and consistency in commercial practices.'' AMS is committed to carrying out this authority in a manner that facilitates the marketing of agricultural commodities. AMS makes copies of official standards available upon request. AMS is considering revisions to the United States Standards for Grades of Winter Pears. These standards were last published on September 10, 1955. Executive Order 12866 The Office of Management and Budget has waived the review process required by Executive Order 12866 for this action. Background AMS has been reviewing the Fresh Fruit and Vegetable grade standards for usefulness in serving the industry. AMS is considering a revision to the United States Standards for Grades of Winter Pears. The revision would eliminate the section 51.1309, Condition after storage or transit, which states that ''decay, scald or other deterioration which may have developed on pears after they have been in storage or transit shall be considered as affecting condition and not the grade.'' Due to this requirement, pears may fail to meet the requirements of the grade the pears would be reported as ''meets grade.'' For example: a lot of pears that fail to meet the requirements of the U.S. No. 1 grade due to exceeding the decay tolerance would be reported as ''U.S. No. 1 with decay being a factor of condition.'' This has caused confusion within the industry as generally when a product exceeds a PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4702 Sfmt 4702 tolerance for grade it is reported as ''fails to grade.'' Removing this section will eliminate any confusion in the future and bring the winter pear standard in line with other standards. However, prior to undertaking detailed work to develop the proposed revision to the standards, AMS is soliciting comments on these changes as well as any other revisions to the United States Standards for Grades of Winter Pears to better serve the industry. This notice provides for a 60-day comment period for interested parties to comment on whether any changes are necessary to the standards. Should AMS conclude that there is a need for any revisions of the standards, the proposed revisions will be published in the Federal Register with a request for comments. Authority: 7 U.S.C. 1621–1627. Dated: October 27, 2006. Lloyd C. Day, Administrator, Agricultural Marketing Service. [FR Doc. E6–18504 Filed 11–1–06; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 3410–02–P DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Aviation Administration 14 CFR Part 25 [Docket No. NM354; Notice No. 25–06–09A– SC] Special Conditions: Boeing Commercial Airplane Group, Boeing Model 777 Series Airplane; Overhead Cross Aisle Stowage Compartments Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Notice of proposed special conditions (amended). AGENCY: SUMMARY: The FAA amends and supersedes proposed special conditions for the Boeing Model 777 series airplanes. The previous notice (Notice No. 25–06–09–SC) published on October 18, 2006 (71 FR 61432), did not reflect the final FAA position on the novel design feature, and was thus in error. This airplane, modified by Boeing Commercial Airplane Group, will have novel or unusual design features associated with overhead cross aisle stowage compartments. The applicable airworthiness regulations do not contain E:\FR\FM\02NOP1.SGM 02NOP1
[Federal Register Volume 71, Number 212 (Thursday, November 2, 2006)]
                                                Federal Register
This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER contains notices to the public of
the proposed issuance of rules and regulations. The purpose of these
notices is to give interested persons an opportunity to participate in
the rule making prior to the adoption of the final rules.
Federal Register / Vol. 71, No. 212 / Thursday, November 2, 2006 /
7 CFR Part 51
[Docket Number FV-06-313]
United States Standards for Grades of Winter Pears
ACTION: Advance notice of proposed rulemaking.
SUMMARY: The Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) prior to undertaking
research and other work associated with revising official grade
standards, is soliciting comments on the possible revisions of the
United States Standards for Grades of Winter Pears. AMS has been
reviewing the Fresh Fruit and Vegetable grade standards for usefulness
in serving the industry. As a result AMS is considering revisions to
the winter pear standard to include removing the section 51.1309,
Condition after storage or transit. This section has caused confusion
within the industry in the past due to different procedures incurred
when reporting inspection findings in comparison to other grade
standards. Additionally, AMS is seeking comments regarding any other
revisions to the standards that may be necessary to better serve the
DATES: Comments must be received by January 2, 2007.
ADDRESSES: Interested persons are invited to submit written comments to
the Standardization Section, Fresh Products Branch, Fruit and Vegetable
Programs, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S. Department of
Agriculture, 1400 Independence Ave., SW., Room 1661 South Building,
Stop 0240, Washington, DC 20250-0240; Fax (202) 720-8871, E-mail
FPB.DocketClerk@usda.gov. Comments should make reference to the dates
and page number of this issue of the Federal Register and will be made
available for public inspection in the above office during regular
business hours. The United States Standards for Grades of Winter Pears
are available either at the above address or by accessing the AMS,
Fresh Products Branch Web site at: http://www.ams.usda.gov/standards/
stanfrfv.htm.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Cheri L. Emery, at the above address
or call (202) 720-2185; E-mail Cheri.Emery@usda.gov.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Section 203(c) of the Agricultural Marketing
Act of 1946 (7 U.S.C. 1621-1627), as amended, directs and authorizes
the Secretary of Agriculture ``To develop and improve standards of
quality, condition, quantity, grade and packaging and recommend and
demonstrate such standards in order to encourage uniformity and
consistency in commercial practices.'' AMS is committed to carrying out
this authority in a manner that facilitates the marketing of
agricultural commodities. AMS makes copies of official standards
available upon request.
AMS is considering revisions to the United States Standards for
Grades of Winter Pears. These standards were last published on
The Office of Management and Budget has waived the review process
required by Executive Order 12866 for this action.
AMS has been reviewing the Fresh Fruit and Vegetable grade
standards for usefulness in serving the industry. AMS is considering a
revision to the United States Standards for Grades of Winter Pears. The
revision would eliminate the section 51.1309, Condition after storage
or transit, which states that ``decay, scald or other deterioration
which may have developed on pears after they have been in storage or
transit shall be considered as affecting condition and not the grade.''
Due to this requirement, pears may fail to meet the requirements of the
grade the pears would be reported as ``meets grade.'' For example: a
lot of pears that fail to meet the requirements of the U.S. No. 1 grade
due to exceeding the decay tolerance would be reported as ``U.S. No. 1
with decay being a factor of condition.'' This has caused confusion
within the industry as generally when a product exceeds a tolerance for
grade it is reported as ``fails to grade.'' Removing this section will
eliminate any confusion in the future and bring the winter pear
standard in line with other standards. However, prior to undertaking
detailed work to develop the proposed revision to the standards, AMS is
soliciting comments on these changes as well as any other revisions to
the United States Standards for Grades of Winter Pears to better serve
the industry.
This notice provides for a 60-day comment period for interested
parties to comment on whether any changes are necessary to the
standards. Should AMS conclude that there is a need for any revisions
of the standards, the proposed revisions will be published in the
Federal Register with a request for comments.
Authority: 7 U.S.C. 1621-1627.
Dated: October 27, 2006.
Lloyd C. Day,
[FR Doc. E6-18504 Filed 11-1-06; 8:45 am]


text:
The Teutonic Knights
Desmond Seward describes an outstanding colonial achievement of the Middle Ages.
Desmond Seward | Published in History Today Volume 20 Issue 12 December 1970
Hermann von Salza
Few medieval phenomena are less understood than the military religious orders of the Crusades. Though historians generally state that they combined chivalry with monasticism, the latter's role is seldom appreciated. Yet the fact that the order's members were as much monks as knights, celibate brethren whose lives were spent in barracks which were also monasteries, makes it easier to appreciate why such men rode out to battle to fight with a fanaticism unparalleled in European history.
Seeking armies for its holy wars and anxious to contain the bloodthirsty instincts of a warrior nobility, Catholicism had evolved a formula, by adapting the monastic structure, that produced the first properly staffed and officered troops since the Roman Legions, and at the same time Christianized the old Northern ideal of death in battle. No-one responded to this new spiritual calling with more enthusiasm than the Germans.
Although the Templars had emerged as early as 1118, the 'Knighthood of the Hospital of St. Mary of the Germans' was not instituted until 1198. Its headquarters were at Acre, the new capital of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. The rule was based on those of the Templars and Hospitallers. Knight-brethren, chaplain-brethren and serving-brethren all took the normal monastic vows of poverty, chastity and obedience, and wore a hooded white habit with a black cross on the shoulder over a black tunic.


text:
The Privacy Advisor | Did the WP29 misinterpret the GDPR on automated decision-making? Related reading: Thinking through ACL-aware data processing
Did the WP29 misinterpret the GDPR on automated decision-making?
schedule Nov 28, 2017
David Meyer David Meyer
When the European Union's data protection authorities last month released their draft guidelines interpreting the General Data Protection Regulation's sections on profiling and automated decision-making, one of their claims in particular raised some eyebrows.
According to the Article 29 Working Party, the body through which the regulators coordinate their approaches, the GDPR prohibits purely automated decision-making that includes profiling, with limited exceptions involving explicit consent or a contract between the data subject and controller.
The thing is, that doesn't seem to be what the GDPR itself says. And, according to at least two leading privacy lawyers, the WP29's interpretation could hit a variety of sectors — from education to housing — with problems that weren't envisaged by the legislators who came up with the regulation.
For one thing, the WP29's stated interpretation could effectively outlaw the practice of automated differential pricing in online commerce, said Eduardo Ustaran, the leader of Hogan Lovells' European privacy and information management practice.
"I think that regarding Article 22(1) as an outright prohibition is not entirely in line with the risk-based approach of the GDPR," said Ustaran, who warned of "considerable uncertainty" for industry in a recent article on the subject.
"The WP29 stance on this would appear to be different from that of the [U.K.] ICO who talk about it very much in the context of a right that may be exercised by a data subject and a right that doesn't apply if certain exceptions are in place, as opposed to the data controller not being able to do the activity in the first place unless the exceptions are there," said Elle Todd, the head of digital and data at CMS London.
Here's what Article 22(1) says:
The data subject shall have the right not to be subject to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling, which produces legal effects concerning him or her or similarly significantly affects him or her.
And here's what the WP29 said in its draft guidelines:
Article 22(1) acts as a prohibition on solely automated individual decision-making, including profiling with legal or similarly significant effects. Instead of the data subject having to actively object to the processing, the controller can only carry out the processing if one of the three exceptions covered in Article 22(2) applies.
"The key issue is that the provisions dealing with automated decision-making are in 'Chapter III – Rights of the data subject.' All of the articles in that chapter are expressed as rights of individuals which can be exercised under certain circumstances and conditions," Ustaran told The Privacy Advisor. "This chapter is a key pillar of the GDPR, of course, but its overall aim is to give people control of their data, not to place prohibitions on what controllers or processors may do with such data."
Ustaran pointed out that there are parts of the GDPR that do provide flat-out prohibitions or restrictions, with language that leaves no doubt about that being the intent.
Article 6, for example, states that the processing of personal data "shall be lawful only if and to the extent that" certain conditions apply. Article 9, which deals with the processing of special categories of personal data, says that the processing of data "revealing racial or ethnic origin, political opinions" and so on, "shall be prohibited."
As the WP29 noted in its draft guidelines, the GDPR does not define the "legal" or "similarly significant" effects to which it refers in Article 22(1). The regulators said that a legal effect "suggests a processing activity that has an impact on someone's legal rights, such as the freedom to associate with others, vote in an election, or take legal action," while a similarly significant effect would refer to situations where "the data subjects could still be impacted sufficiently to require the protections under this provision.
"The decision must have the potential to significantly influence the circumstances, behaviour or choices of the individuals concerned," the working party said, before turning specifically to the issue of online advertising and marketing.
Even if advertisers' and marketers' processing of personal data wouldn't normally have much of an impact on most people, the WP29 suggested, it could have a "significant effect" on minority groups or vulnerable adults, thereby incurring the prohibition.
The guidelines raised the example of "someone in financial difficulties who is regularly shown adverts for online gambling" — if they sign up as a result and "potentially incur further debt," the prohibition may apply. "Automated decision-making that results in differential pricing could also have a significant effect if, for example, prohibitively high prices effectively bar someone from certain goods or services," the WP29 added.
Ustaran said, "If that is the case, such practices would be rendered unlawful by default and the only way to overcome that unlawfulness would be to obtain the prior explicit consent of the consumer — which is a very unrealistic proposition."
According to Ustaran and Todd, the WP29's guidelines on automated decision-making could have a broad impact as presently phrased.
"There is a fundamental difference between a right that can be exercised and a default prohibition. This has very wide-reaching consequences for companies in many different sectors and it is critical that this is clarified and addressed in the final guidance," said Todd.
"In my view, the key sectors affected by this will be those that are more significant to people's lives, such as education, finances, health or housing. Given the role of profiling in decision making for providers of these services, they will need to keep a close eye on their practices," Ustaran said. "I also think that this would affect differential pricing practices, which would effectively be prohibited."
Todd added that this wasn't the only area of concern in the WP29's draft guidelines. "The suggestion that all demographic segmentation constitutes profiling that an individual could object to will catch a huge number of activities and be extremely difficult for companies to apply a simple technical solution to in the context of existing database architecture," she said.
The Article 29 Working Party's interpretation of the article in question. The regulators took comments from the public until Nov. 28.
The Privacy Advisor repeatedly asked the working party for its response to the concerns over the last couple of weeks, but had not received any comment at the time of writing.
comment Mike O'Neill • Nov 29, 2017
There was no misinterpretation. The subject has "the right not to be subject to a decision based solely on automated processing, including profiling". This can only work if they can exercise the right before the processing occurs, because what effects it leads to may not be capable of being undone.
If there was a commonly understood and easily available way to indicate objection, e.g. the Do Not Track signal, then perhaps this could suffice, but as everyone knows this is currently ignored in most cases.
The Parliament's agreed version of the ePrivacy Regulation requires this and similar signals be "binding on, and enforceable against" all parties. but is unfortunately being held up by the Council.
So the only option is the explicit opt-in.
comment Jeroen Terstegge • Nov 29, 2017
I don't agree with Eduardo. Apparently, Eduardo reads the right under art. 22 GDPR as a right that must be invoked (as an opt-out of sorts), and that therefore the controller has the obligation to cease the profiling of that individual, or to cease the automated decision making that significantly affects that person only if and when that person objects. In my view, the Article 29 Working Party seems to build on the same interpretation that many Member States have given to article 15(1) of Directive 95/46/EC, namely that it is a prohibition. Art. 15(1) states that "Member States shall grant the right to every person not to be subject...". Many states have read this as a right that a data subject HAS (therefore it's prohibited for others) rather than a right that a data subject must EXERCISE. See for instance § 6a Bundesdatenschutzgesetz in Germany, which uses the term "may not only" ("dürfen nicht ausschließlich"), thus suggesting a clear prohibition. A little less clear,  but suggesting the same are article 42 Dutch Personal Data Protection Act and § 49 Austrian Data Protection Act, which both state that "nobody may be subjected to". Article 15(2) of Directiev 95/46, which states the exceptions, uses the phrase "may be subjected" and recital 71 of the GDPR uses "should be allowed", which both suggest an exception to a prohibition rather than an exception to an exercisable right of the data subject.
I also don't agree with Eduardo that all rights of the data subject in Chapter 3 are expressed as rights that can be exercised. Articles 12, 13 and 14 are clearly expressed as obligations on the part of the controller. I also don't think the rewording of art.22 GDPR suggests a deviation from the current data protection acts in Europe under art. 15 of the 95/46 Directive, nor do I think that this should be the unintentional consequence of the new wording.
comment Jari Perko • Nov 29, 2017
Agree with Ustaran and Todd. Just like add that definition of profiling has in its core the term evaluate  ("evaluate certain personal aspects") and in many uses cases discussed being related to art 22.1 there's no factual evaluation, just automated process. It's a pity that art 22 ended up to as messy as it is.
(As follow up to my comments above).
See also art. 10 French Data Protection Act, which also states a clear prohibition ("ne peut"). Idem art. 12bis of the Belgian Data Protection Act and art. 26a Polish Data Protection Act.
But I can see where Eduardo got his idea of a right that must be exercised, since article 13(2) of the Spanish Data Protection Act is worded that way...
(Final update)
The paint a compete picture, I have reviewed the rest of the current laws. Section 12(1) of the UK Data Protection Act has implemented art. 15(1) as a right that must be exercised. "1) An individual is entitled at any time, by notice in writing to any data controller, to require the data controller to ensure that no decision taken...". Spain, Sweden, Denmark, Greece, Slovakia, Latvia, Romania and Malta seem to do the same. On the other hand, the Czech Republic, Italy, Luxemburg, Finland, Estonia, Lithuania, The Netherlands, Belgium, Austria and Bulgaria share the German/French idea of a prohibition. Portugal seems to suffer from the same ambiguity as the GDPR. And I couldn't find any article about this matter in the Irish Data Protection Act. (*)
So, lawyers from a lot of European countries are understandably confused that art. 22 GDPR is interpreted by the Article 29 Working Party as a prohibition. Yet, given the significance of art. 22 for the information society where robotics and artificial intelligence enters all aspects of human life, the German/French view (and that of most other Member States) that art. 22 is a prohibition is to be preferred over the Spanish/UK and some other countries' view that it is a right that must be invoked. Article 22 is the corner stone of the protection of fundamental rights in smart environments, which perceive and observe huma behaviour, taking small and big decisions with varying impact on people's lives. Therefore, I fully agree with the Article 29 Working Party's interpretation that art. 22 is a prohibition. This interpretation is just better equipped to handle the complexity of the (future) information society and its (future) business models.
(*) This analysis is based on unofficial translations of the Member States' data protection laws as published on the internet by the various data protection authorities.
Sorry, I forgot about Cyprus: it's a right that must be invoked.
Jules Polonetsky asked a good question: How did the final language of art. 22 GDPR evolve? So, here it is from my archives:
- Commission's Interservice Copy (2011): 1. Every natural person shall have the right not to be subject to a measure which produces legal effects concerning this natural person or significantly affects this natural person, and which is based on automated processing intended to evaluate certain personal aspects relating to this natural person or to analyse or predict in particular the natural person's performance at work, creditworthiness, economic situation, location, health, personal preferences, reliability or behaviour.
- Commission Proposal (January 2012): Every natural person shall have the right not to be subject to a measure which produces legal effects concerning this natural person or significantly affects this natural person, and which is based solely on automated processing intended to evaluate certain personal aspects relating to this natural person or to analyse or predict in particular the natural person's performance at work, economic situation, location, health, personal preferences, reliability or behaviour.
- LIBE rapporteur Albrecht (2012): 1. The processing of personal data for the purposes of profiling, including in relation to the offering of electronic information and communication services, shall only be lawful if it:...
- LIBE amendments 1545 (right to object) and 1546 (right to request) have been rejected.
- LIBE final report, Amendment 115, distinguishes between a right to object to profiling for ordinary profiling, and a prohibition for profiling which produces legal effects or significant similarly effects.
- ITRE opinion: right not to be subject...
- IMCO opinion: "1. A data subject shall not be subject to a decision which is unfair or discriminatory, and which is based solely on automated processing intended to evaluate certain personal aspects relating to this data subject."
- JURI opinion: right not to be subject....
- Parliament First Reading: idem as LIBE position.
- Council, various Presidency compromise texts (i.e. Ireland, Lithuania, Italy, Greece) use the Commission's phraseof a "right not to be subject".
- DAPIX documents on Chapter 3 (2015) use "right not to be subject". No Member States' comments/reservations on this phrase where made during the years of negotiations, except from Germany to clarify the concept of profiling.
- Council First Reading uses the phrase "right not to be subject".
- It doesn't seem to have been an issue in the Trilogue either.
In sum, the wording "not to be subject" as proposed by the Commission was never an issue in the Council. Amendments in the Parliament to rephrase art. 22(1) to a right that must be invoked have been rejected. Ergo, the history of art. 22, especially in the Parliament, supports the view that art. 22 must be read as a prohibition.
And last but not least, current law in Hungary: a prohibition.
comment Jason Cronk • Dec 1, 2017
I disagree with Eduardo's interpretation though I admit having not done a thorough analysis of the legal precedent or legislative history of the clause (see below comments for other's interpretations of that). I point to Art 13 (2)(b) which clearly provides that the individual must be inform of the "existence of" their rights to access, rectification, erasure, restriction or objection. Why must they be informed the existence of their right? So that they are aware that they are able to exercise those rights.  However, 13 (2)(f) requires that individuals be informed about automated decision making. It does not required that they be informed of the "existence of the right" not to be subject to automated decision making. The drafting is key. Had the drafters wanted individuals to be able to opt out, they would have required, similar to the other rights, that the individual be informed of the "existence of the right" so they could exercise it. Second, the logical conclusion of this being an exercisable right is that people would always exercise it when it's in their interest. If meaningfully informed of the significance & consequences per 13(2)(f), then they will exercise it. Consider a price based on automated decision: "Your price for is $x but this was decided based on automated decision making and if you exercise your right not to be subject to that decision, your price is $y." As long as $y < $x, individuals will exercise their right. Thirdly, the only time automated decisions would be allowed would be when they were subject to paragraph 2 of Art 22 a) necessary for a contract b) authorized by law or c) with explicit consent. If you read paragraph 3 of Art 22 it requires safeguards and the option for human intervention, but only for those automated decisions that meet the requirements of paragraph 2. If the case were such that other automated decision making were allowed [under some lower standard than a) required by contract b) authorized by law c) explicit consent] then paragraph 3 wouldn't apply and the law would not require safeguards and the option for human intervention. If anything, you would think these additional requirements would be more pertinent for automated decision making that didn't meet these higher standards. It stands to reason that the interpretation that Art 22(1) is flat out prohibition is more accurate than not.
comment Eduardo Ustaran • Dec 1, 2017
Fascinating debate. Clearly my thinking is polluted by the two jurisdictions I happen to have law degrees from.
comment Jeroen Terstegge • Dec 2, 2017
One more argument why art. 22 should be read as a prohibition, is a systematic one. All processing, which is not specifically regulated elsewhere, is governed by article 6 GDPR. Art. 22 specifically regulates 'solely automated decisions, including profiling, which produces legal effects or similary significant effects'. So, automated decision making/profiling that does NOT have such effects as well as all non-automated decision making/profiling is governed by article 6. Where such profiling, after having met the proportionality test, could be based on 6(1)(e) or 6(1)(f), article 21 would give the data subject the right to object. Any interpretation of art. 22(1) suggesting it would a right that must be invoked by objecting to automated decision making/profiling which produces legal effects or has similarly significant effects would mean that art. 22(1) would be completely superfluous. In such case, art. 22(2) would also not make any sense, except that the consent would need to be explicit instead of unambiguous.
comment Jane Gill • Dec 19, 2017
Does anybody have any thoughts as to how to reconcile this with the recent Art 29 WP guidance on consent?  They seem to place the HR assessment industry with potentially having to build very complicated systems.  Consent of employees or potential employees will virtually never be freely given but they cannot be subjected to automatic decision making (i.e. sifting solutions) without consent?