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Psst! Whatever you do, don't tell the Tories democratic reform is in their own best interests
By Stephen Tall | Mon 23rd April 2012 - 10:45 am
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A few weeks ago I wrote an article for Conservative Home offering some unsolicited advice to David Cameron's party. I argued that a party that had achieved electoral success in the 1980s by appealing to the classless entrepreneurialism of aspirant 'Middle England' had once again become established in the electorate's eyes as the party of established wealth and privilege. If the Tories want to regain the voters they have lost, they need to take drastic action to counter that view.
Reform of the House of Lords was one policy area I said the Tories should seek to make their own, to confound such public perceptions:
… the Conservatives need actively to promote policies which favour meritocracy – that the best can make it through their own efforts, not because of who they know – a value not currently associated with Mr Cameron's party. For sheer shock value, the Conservative leadership could do worse than re-assert its manifesto pledge to support an elected House of Lords, a Clause IV moment that would help the electorate to take seriously the party's claim to represent more than just its own vested interests. Reform of the upper house is not in itself a big issue (nor, for that matter, was Clause IV), but it would be a deeply symbolic gesture that shows Conservatives opposing the 'old boy's network' of patronage.
The last few days have shown how wedded the Tories remain to the Lords as it is, in spite of polls showing only 5% of the public support a wholly appointed revising chamber stuffed with political appointees — many of them the very people the voters have ejected from the Commons. Conservative by name, conservative by nature, I guess.
Yet the odd thing is that turning their face to reform really does work against the Conservative party's own best, long-term interests. Benjamin Disraeli, David Cameron's political hero, understood just that when he embraced the idea of expanding the electoral franchise, much to his old-school party establishment's chagrin, by introducing the 1867 Reform Act.
Nor is this the first time we've seen the Tories fail to grasp that reform can be their friend. It is some irony that it is those Tories who were most viscerally opposed to electoral reform who worry most about the rise of Ukip. Yet Nigel Farage's mini-insurgence would be of little consequence to Tories, most notably in the Eurosceptic south-west where first-past-the-post may help the Lib Dems to fend off a Tory challenge, if voters could rank their preferred parties and candidates.
There is an odd lack of self-confidence within the Tory party. For all their talk of the wish to build a Conservative majority at the next election, they seem perversely unwilling to try and do so by persuading a majority of the public to back conservatism at the ballot box.
I suppose I should be grateful the Tories haven't yet grasped that their best hope of keeping Britain conservative is to offer the people true democracy. This country is, I believe, instinctively a small-c conservative nation, culturally and economically. It's a painful realisation for a liberal. However, I'm also a democrat who believes in the legitimacy that flows from decisions made by elected representatives. And I would rather win the liberal argument by getting the backing of a majority of the people than by thwarting their collective will.
* Stephen was Editor (and Co-Editor) of Liberal Democrat Voice from 2007 to 2015, and writes at The Collected Stephen Tall.
Read more by Stephen Tall or more about alternative vote, benjamin disraeli, conservative home, david cameron, electoral reform, featured or house of lords.
This entry was posted in Op-eds.
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jedibeeftrix 23rd Apr '12 - 10:54am
"Yet the odd thing is that turning their face to reform really does work against the Conservative party's own best, long-term interests."
It is not odd at all, no, what is odd that so many tories forget that they have remained the most persistently successful force in British politics precisely because enough leaders recognised that Conservatism is an attitude whose ambition is not to oppose all change but to resist and balance the volatility of current political fads and ideology.
Tory political-instinct has rarely ever ossified as many people would automatically assume, for if it had then the would have died as a party of government long long ago!
Helen Tedcastle 23rd Apr '12 - 12:28pm
Quoting Stephen Tall's article: 'There is an odd lack of self-confidence within the Tory party. For all their talk of the wish to build a Conservative majority at the next election, they seem perversely unwilling to try and do so by persuading a majority of the public to back conservatism at the ballot box.'
And the Liberal Democrats should care for the Tories and their lack of self-confidence, and about whether the poor dears can win a majority at the next election because…?
Matthew Huntbach 23rd Apr '12 - 1:50pm
I argued that a party that had achieved electoral success in the 1980s by appealing to the classless entrepreneurialism of aspirant 'Middle England' had once again become established in the electorate's eyes as the party of established wealth and privilege.
An argument which is more about buying into Conservative Party propaganda than what the Conservative Party was and is actually about. Consider the two hallmark policies of the 1980s Conservative Party – the right-to-buy council houses and "Tell Sid" privatisation. Were either of those about entrepreneurialism? No. They were both about making money by doing nothing more than owning things. The Conservative Party was then, as it was before and is now, the party of wealth and privilege. These two policies had the aim of making ordinary people think they had joined the wealthy and privileged, they were master-strokes, they worked into sucking more people into thinking the defence of unearned wealth was a defence of them, and so making it politically impossible to act against it. The classic Tory position is not about wealth earned through effort, which is implied by that word "entrepreneurialism". It is the old aristocratic position that money earned by work is dirty, and money gained by owning things or inheriting things is much more honourable. That is why the Tories tax money earned through work at a higher rate than money gained in other ways, and have a horror at the very idea of shifting taxation away from work.
These 1980s policies started the madness which led to the economic mess this country is in now, as more and more people were sucked into this idea that working is not how you make money, no, money is made by selling houses and shares to each other. So a mountain of personal debt was built up as people tried to jum onto this money-making machine by taking our loans on houses and supposing this was an "investment". It was more a Ponzi scheme than an investment, and like all Ponzi schemes has to come to an end when there is no-one left at the bottom to pay in, and now that's where we are at.
I think if Liberal Democrats were to have the guts to put it my way and challenge the very foundations (both the false ones and the true ones) of the Conservative Party, we'd be doing much better than what you are doing, Stephen – giving support to the Conservative Party by accepting their propaganda.
Matthew Green 23rd Apr '12 - 4:29pm
Matthew – Stephen's article was directed at Tories – he's trying to lure them into rethinking Lords reform by appealing to their myths – not promoting those myths to a wider public. Actually I do think Mrs T did a very effective job of appealing to entrepreneurs as well as the something for nothing mob. It's both/and, not either/or.
I like the parallel with Disraeli's master stroke of the Reform Act. The previous electoral system was one whose defenders thought worked in practice, if not in theory – just the same argument that the opponents of Lords reform now use. I wonder how Disraeli would manage with the current Tory party.
Bill le Breton 23rd Apr '12 - 4:41pm
Following the results of the first round of voting in the French elections last night, did anyone else find themselves reflecting that there could be a large number of candidates in 2015 who campaigned against AV and end up regretting not having a sizeable UKIP vote redistributed to them in a second round of counting?
Matthew, we had the opportunity in 2010 to help make Cameron a C21st Disraeli (a point I made in a Liberator article in June of that year). In stead we helped make him a Bonar Law.
George Potter 23rd Apr '12 - 11:08pm
Whoops – just realised I was confusing this with another thread. My sincerest apologies.
Helen Tedcastle 24th Apr '12 - 11:28am
Quoting Matthew Green: 'Stephen's article was directed at Tories – he's trying to lure them into rethinking Lords reform by appealing to their myths – not promoting those myths to a wider public. '
Like you, I too understood what Stephen was trying to do – lure the Tories into reform – but like Matthew Huntbach, I'm afraid that this is really a hopeless case. The Tories have shown a singular hostility to what Liberal Democrats understand by reform. For Tories, 'reform' means either privatisation/marketisation of public services or swinging cuts hitting the most vulnerable.
In government, Lib Dems have mitigated some effects of their right-wing ideological agenda ie: Pupil Premium, Youth Contract and lifting the poorest out of tax – these are truly reforming.
But the party has paid a very heavy price for the instigation of these policies,when one examines the whole strategy and policy of the coalition government.
To my mind, there is nothing whatsoever to be gained by trying to appease or appeal to Tories – we should be promoting our agenda and differentiating ourselves as much as possible from them.
Pete Carpenter 28th Apr '12 - 5:13pm
I like the approach of appealing to Tories own self-interest as a strategy of bringing them on board with the House of Lords reform. This policy would have the biggest long-term advantage to the Lib Dems (after the failure of AV) but the only way to get it through, as with all constitutional change, is by building a consensus with all parties. This can be done either by showing huge public support (not there for Lords Reform), by making the case so clearly in favour of reform that a party cannot oppose it, or by appealing successfully to a party's self interest.I fully see the logic in Stephen's article (as I guess I would do as a Lib Dem) and I only hope that the arguement is recognised by tories too. They will need to point to something concrete at the next election to counter suggestion that they aren't the party of the wealthy and "who you know".
On the other side Lib Dems also need to get consensus from Labour. Thsi should be easier as they have a greater tendency to support modernisation and reform, and they woudl likely benefit more from changes to the House of Lords. At the moment though they seem to be asking for a refurendum I think to try and take ownership of the issue and claim it as something they have influenced. A refurendum would potentially kill it – the public would be angry at the waste of money, divisions would emerge within Labour again as they did in the AV refurendum, as well as divisions within the Tories. With a divided message given during a refurendum campaign, and anger at the cost psoent on a refurendum, the public may well vote in protest against the political leaders of all the parties who all want an elected Lords. Instead Nick Clegg needs to point out to Labour that they never used a refurendum to bring about the major constitutional change of separating the Supreme Court from the House of Lords, therby introducing a separation of powers into the UK constitution for the first time in our History. Why – because there was broad political consensus and the public didn't much care. If Labour agreed with that approach then, they shoudl agree with that approach now in the same circumstances and with a different topic – Reform of the House of Lords.
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Katharine Pindar 19th Jan - 11:17pm
I entirely agree with all your points here, Denis. Well argued.
Andrew 19th Jan - 10:06pm
If Richard North's analysis is correct (http://www.eureferendum.com/blogview.aspx?blogno=87491) our continued membership of UNECE is probably just as important: http://www.unece.org/info/ece-homepage.html The basic argument is that the EU...
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Thanks for this Alex. I am hoping Elizabeth Warren wins the nomination and goes onto be elected President.
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So no cheap sock puppet manipulating public perception and no automated bots or those that don't care enough about their digital identity to reveal it....
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Carl Hiaasen: How many people died from opioids while Rick Scott and Florida lawmakers coddled Big Pharma?
By Carl Hiaasen
As the behind-the-scenes story of America's worst drug epidemic becomes known, a deadly starring role belongs to the Florida politicians who looked the other way while the state turned into a destination flea market for opioid buyers.
More than 5.5 billion oxycodone and hydrocodone pills poured into Florida between 2006 and 2012, according to data recently provided to The Washington Post by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency.
The math works out to about 42 doses annually for every Floridian. Only California suffered a bigger deluge of prescription painkillers during that stretch.
Those were the years when you could drive down any interstate in Florida and see billboards for storefront "pain management" clinics, notorious pill mills that drew thousands of out-of-state drug dealers and addicts.
By 2009, authorities counted more than 900 of these in-and-out operations, which were fueling a spike in overdoses from the Keys all the way to the Ohio Valley. "We became the pill supplier for the rest of the country," said Dave Aronberg, a former Florida state senator who is now Palm Beach state attorney.
"Asleep at the wheel for a decade," is the way Mr. Aronberg described state leaders' reaction to the crisis.
And no one was sleepier than then-Gov. Rick Scott, now a U.S.senator. Back in 2011 he sought to shut down a new state prescription-monitoring database that was designed to stop people from "doctor shopping" and to identify outlaw physicians who were overprescribing.
Mr. Scott's concern, echoed by some other Republicans, was that the computerized opioid-tracking system was "an invasion of privacy."
I'm not kidding. That's what these geniuses said.
It was music to the ears of every crooked pill peddler, a profession that craves privacy above all else. Drug-enforcement officials reacted less warmly to Scott's dealer-friendly idea, and eventually he was shamed into changing his mind.
The state's prescription database quickly became a key weapon in shutting down sleazy pill mills. It did not, however, stop the avalanche of opiates, which were still being sold in astronomical numbers by legitimate pharmacies.
One Walgreens near Port Richey was ordering 74,706 pills a month, or about 26 doses for every man, woman and child in the city.
DEA records show that 90% of opioids entering Florida between 2006-2012 were distributed by Walgreens and 10 other companies, including CVS, Walmart and Publix.
Nine of every 10 pills prescribed in Florida were manufactured by four corporations: SpecGx, a subsidiary of Mallinckrodt; Actavis Pharma; Par Pharmaceutical; and Amneal Pharmaceuticals.
Those 15 total companies — and top individuals associated with them — donated $8.4 million to Florida candidates and political committees between 2006 and 2012, and have given another $12.1 million since 2013, according to a study by the Herald and the Tampa Bay Times.
You don't need a political science degree to make the connection between the pill industry's campaign donations and the balky political response to the opioid epidemic.
Pasco County Tax Collector Mike Fasano, a GOP state lawmaker during that period, ruefully admitted to a reporter that those corporate contributions stalled legislative action that might have saved lives:
"Money was talking in Tallahassee, unfortunately as people were dying," he said.
Money was also talking in Washington, D.C. During that seven-year period when the painkiller epidemic exploded, major drug companies rained campaign checks on Congress while flooding the country with 76 billion oxycodone and hydrocodone pills.
West Virginia, which led the nation in fatal overdoses, got enough for 66.5 pills per person annually. It was 63.3 pills per person in Kentucky, 58 per person in South Carolina and so on.
That's how the opioid crisis spread. Once authorities finally began to crack down, desperate pill addicts turned to heroin and, more recently (and lethally), fentanyl.
Today, more than 2,000 towns, cities and counties are suing the drug makers in federal court in Cleveland. The judge in that case ordered the DEA database be made public over the objection of the Justice Department and pharma companies.
It's an obscene story, and some of the firms have made settlement offers to avoid a trial. The wave of opioid litigation is now bigger than what hit the tobacco industry.
More than 40 states and tribal entities have also sued the drug makers and distributors for billions in damages. Among those plaintiffs is the state of Florida, where it all was allowed to begin.
Ironically, Florida's no-longer-drowsy legislature has passed a new law allowing the attorney general to pursue the opioid industry using information from the state's own prescription-monitoring database.
The very same one that Rick Scott, Mr. Privacy, wanted to kill.
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Carl Hiaasen is a columnist for the Miami Herald.

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text:
\section{Introduction}
The results from the ATLAS and CMS collaborations from Run I and ongoing Run II are in good agreement with the predictions of the Standard Model (SM) \cite{ICHEP:ATLAS,ICHEP:CMS}. Although the discovered Higgs particle appears to be consistent with the expectations for a SM Higgs boson, both the experimental uncertainties and theoretical speculations still leave room for new physics.
In particular the scalar sector can provide intriguing scenarios in this respect which should be further scrutinized.

Although experimental collider data is in good agreement with predictions of the Standard Model alone,
{a number of} non-collider observations can only be described in models containing additional (new physics) constituents. A prime example for this is dark matter (DM).
Within the standard model of cosmology,
the Planck mission data \cite{Ade:2015xua} implies that nearly 85\% of the total matter
content in the universe is dark.
However, so far only the gravitational interactions of these hypothetical particles have been detected,
and a fundamental nature
of DM remains largely unknown. Since the Standard Model of
elementary particles does not contain a viable DM candidate, any
evidence of DM in the direct detection or  indirect detection
experiments  or production at colliders would be a signal of new
physics, the discovery of which is arguably one of the most important
goals in the field.

An intriguing extension of the SM scalar sector is the Inert Doublet Model (IDM) which features a dark matter candidate \cite{Deshpande:1977rw,Cao:2007rm,Barbieri:2006dq}. In this two Higgs doublet model a discrete $Z_2$ symmetry (called $D$-symmetry) is imposed, with the following transformation properties:
\begin{equation}
\phi_S\to \phi_S, \,\, \phi_D \to - \phi_D, \,\,
\text{SM} \to \text{SM},
\end{equation}
where the $\phi_S$ doublet plays the same role as the corresponding  doublet in the SM, {providing} the SM-like Higgs particle. This doublet is even under the $D$-symmetry, while the second doublet, the inert (or dark) $\phi_D$, is $D$-odd and contains four scalars, two charged and two neutral ones, labelled $H^\pm$ and $H,A$, respectively.
The above symmetry renders the additional SU(2)$_L$ doublet $\phi_D$ inert, $i.e.$ prevents its couplings to  the SM matter sector, thereby providing a dark matter candidate. In the rest of this work, we consider cases where $H$ serves as the dark matter candidate of the model.

The IDM was first discussed in \cite{Deshpande:1977rw} and later in \cite{Cao:2007rm,Barbieri:2006dq}.  The model was further studied in \cite{LopezHonorez:2006gr,Honorez:2010re,Dolle:2009fn,Goudelis:2013uca,Krawczyk:2013jta}, followed with further analyses of the IDM at colliders \cite{Lundstrom:2008ai,Dolle:2009ft,Gustafsson:2012aj,Aoki:2013lhm,Ho:2013spa,Arhrib:2013ela,Arhrib:2012ia,Swiezewska:2012eh,Krawczyk:2013jta,Ginzburg:2014ora,Belanger:2015kga,Blinov:2015qva,Ilnicka:2015jba,Hashemi:2015swh,Poulose:2016lvz,Datta:2016nfz,Kanemura:2016sos,Akeroyd:2016ymd,Wan:2018eaz,Ilnicka:2018def,Belyaev:2018ext}.

We here present a set of the IDM benchmarks proposed for detailed studies at the future $e^+e^-$ colliders ILC and CLIC.
They have been selected from  updates of the scan presented in \cite{Ilnicka:2015jba,Ilnicka:2018def} and represent
distinct features for two prominent production processes at linear colliders, $e^{+}e^{-} \rightarrow
  H^{+}H^{-}$ and $e^{+}e^{-}\rightarrow AH$.  Our benchmarks are designed to cover all interesting parameter space, featuring different mass splittings between $H$ and other dark particles, leading to distinct collider signatures.

  The outline of this paper is as follows. We start with a short description of the IDM in section \ref{sec:model}, followed with a discussion of  {theoretical constraints and} current experimental limits in section \ref{sec:constraints}. In section \ref{sec:benchmarks} we define benchmark points that pass all constraints and discuss their applications to further studies  {at the first stage of linear colliders running at 250, 380 and 500 GeV center-of-mass energies. Benchmarks suitable for testing at high energy stages of 1, 1.5 and 3 TeV linear colliders are presented in section \ref{sec:high}. We also comment on the impact of future XENON-nT measurements and prospects of testing the IDM at the LHC in section \ref{sec:lhc}.}

\section{The IDM \label{sec:model}}

The scalar sector of the IDM consists of two {SU(2)$_{L}$} doublets of complex scalar fields,   $\phi_S$  and $\phi_D$, {{with the $ D$-symmetric potential:}}
\begin{equation}\begin{array}{c}
V=-\frac{1}{2}\left[m_{11}^2(\phi_S^\dagger\phi_S)\!+\! m_{22}^2(\phi_D^\dagger\phi_D)\right]+
\frac{\lambda_1}{2}(\phi_S^\dagger\phi_S)^2\!
+\!\frac{\lambda_2}{2}(\phi_D^\dagger\phi_D)^2\\[2mm]+\!\lambda_3(\phi_S^\dagger\phi_S)(\phi_D^\dagger\phi_D)\!
\!+\!\lambda_4(\phi_S^\dagger\phi_D)(\phi_D^\dagger\phi_S) +\frac{\lambda_5}{2}\left[(\phi_S^\dagger\phi_D)^2\!
+\!(\phi_D^\dagger\phi_S)^2\right].
\end{array}\label{pot}\end{equation}
Exact $D$-symmetry implies that only  $\phi_S$ can acquire  {a} nonzero vacuum expectation value ($v$). As a result the  scalar field{s}  {in $\phi_D$} do not mix with the SM-like field {from} $\phi_S$, and {the} lightest particle of  {the} dark sector is stable.
The dark sector  {contains} four new particles: $H$, $A$ and $H^{\pm}$.  {We here choose $H$ to denote the} dark matter candidate.  {{A priori, any of the new scalars can function as a dark matter candidate. However, we neglect the choice of a charged dark matter candidate, as these are strongly constrained \cite{Chuzhoy:2008zy}.
As inert scalars do not couple to fermions, it is not possible to assign a definite CP-property to them. Therefore, choosing $A$ instead of $H$ to be the lightest particle changes only the meaning of $\lambda_5$, with rephasing of $\lambda_5 \to - \lambda_5$, but not the overall phenomenology of the model, cf. Appendix A in \cite{Ilnicka:2015jba}.}}  \\

 After electroweak symmetry breaking, the model contains seven free parameters. Agreement with the Higgs boson discovery and electroweak precision observables fixes the SM-like Higgs mass  {$M_h$} and $v$,  {and we are left with} five free parameters, which we take as
\begin{equation}\label{eq:physbas}
M_H, M_A, M_{H^{\pm}}, \lambda_2, \lambda_{345},
\end{equation}
 where  {the} $\lambda$'s refer to coupling{s} within the dark sector and to the SM-like Higgs respectively. In the following, we will use the abbreviation  $\lambda_{345} = \lambda_{3}+\lambda_{4}+\lambda_{5}$.

\section{Experimental and theoretical constraints \label{sec:constraints}}

In this work, we make use of the tool chain used in \cite{Ilnicka:2015jba}, and explicitly follow the scan procedure described therein; however, we update several constraints as discussed below. Explicit benchmark points (BPs) for the IDM, taking all constraints viable at that time into account, have been presented in \cite{Ilnicka:2015jba,deFlorian:2016spz}, which focus on processes at the LHC; some of these were already investigated in a  linear collider context in \cite{Hashemi:2015swh}.
Ref. \cite{Ilnicka:2018def} shows how the available parameter space for certain scenarios is further limited by more recent constraints.

As the experimental constraints have evolved significantly since that
time, we decided to define the new set of benchmark points, fulfilling
the updated constraints and focused on the detailed analysis of $e^+
e^-$ collider sensitivity. Unless stated otherwise, all considered BPs
fulfil the latest experimental limits;
following \cite{Ilnicka:2015jba} (see also the discussion in \cite{Belyaev:2016lok}), we do not require the IDM to provide $100\%$ of the dark matter relic density.
Below we briefly summarize the imposed constraints, emphasizing on updates with respect to \cite{Ilnicka:2015jba}, and
describe the set-up to find good BPs and discuss the obtained limits.

\subsection{Theoretical and experimental constraints}

\textbf{Positivity constraints}: we require that the potential is bounded from
 below, therefore no field configuration leads to $V\,\rightarrow\,-\infty$,
  resulting in tree-level relations \cite{Nie:1998yn}
\begin{equation}
\lambda_1\,>\,0,\,\lambda_2\,>\,0,\,\lambda_3+\sqrt{\lambda_1 \lambda_2}>0,\,\lambda_{345}+\sqrt{\lambda_1 \lambda_2}\,>0.
\end{equation}
These relations hold on tree level and in this work we do not consider higher-order contributions, which in principle could lead to change in stability of
  the electroweak vacuum \cite{Goudelis:2013uca, Swiezewska:2015paa}.

\textbf{Perturbative unitarity}: we require the scalar {$2\,\rightarrow\,2$}
 scattering matrix to be unitary, i.e. all eigenvalues of scattering
  matrices for scalars  with specific hypercharge and isospin should
  satisfy $|L_i|\,\leq\,16\,\pi$ \cite{Chanowitz:1985hj,Ginzburg:2005dt}. Furthermore,
  we require all quartic scalar couplings to be perturbative, i.e. to
  take absolute values $\leq\,4\,\pi$.

\textbf{Global minimum}: in the IDM two neutral minima can coexist
even at tree level. Unless the following relation is satisfied
\begin{equation}\label{eq:invac}
\frac{m_{11}^2}{\sqrt{\lambda_1}}\,\geq\,\frac{m_{22}^2}{\sqrt{\lambda_2}},
\end{equation}
the inert minimum is only a local one, with the global vacuum
corresponding to the case of massless fermions \cite{Ginzburg:2010wa}.
We impose the above relation in our scan.

\textbf{Higgs mass and signal strengths}: the mass of the SM-like
Higgs boson $h$ is set to $$M_h=125.1\,\;\hbox{GeV} \label{Eq:mhexp},$$ in
agreement with limits from ATLAS and CMS experiments \cite{Aad:2015zhl},
while the total width of the SM-like Higgs boson obeys an upper
 limit of  {\cite{CMS:2018bwq}}
\begin{equation}\label{eq:gtot}
 {\Gamma_\text{tot}\,\leq\,9\,\;\hbox{MeV}.}
\end{equation}

In the IDM, the total width of the SM-like state can obtain modifications from the following two contributions. For dark matter masses $M_H\,\leq\,M_h/2$, invisible decays of the 125 {\ensuremath\rm GeV}~resonance can lead to large additional contributions. Therefore, in these scenarios the above bound poses one of the most dominant constraints, especially affecting $\lambda_{345}$ \cite{Ilnicka:2015jba,Ilnicka:2018def}. Furthermore, the partial decay width of $h$ to diphoton final states can be altered significantly \cite{Swiezewska:2012eh,Krawczyk:2013jta}, as the new physics corrections are formally of the same order as the SM process. This leads to a clear distinction between allowed and forbidden regions in the $\left(\lambda_{345}, M_{H^\pm}\right)$ plane \cite{Ilnicka:2015jba,Ilnicka:2018def}. The Run I combined ATLAS and CMS limit for $h\to \gamma \gamma$ signal strength is given by $\mu_{\gamma \gamma} = 1.14^{+0.38}_{-0.36}$ \cite{Khachatryan:2016vau}. In our analysis we use both the upper limit (\ref{eq:gtot}) and require agreement within $2\,\sigma$ for the prediction of $h\,\rightarrow\,\gamma\,\gamma$. We furthermore check agreement with all other branching ratios of the 125 Higgs on the $2\,\sigma$ level using the publicly available tool {\HSv2.2.1beta}~\cite{Bechtle:2013xfa}, {and require $\Delta \chi^2\,\leq\,11.31$}, corresponding to a $95 \%$ confidence level.

\textbf{Gauge bosons width}: introduction of light new particles could in principle significantly change the total width of electroweak gauge bosons {(cf. e.g. \cite{Patrignani:2016xqp})}. To ensure that $W^\pm \to H H^\pm$ and $Z\to HA,H^+H^-$ decay channels are kinematically forbidden we set:
\begin{equation}\label{eq:gwgz}
M_{A,H}+M_{H^\pm}\,\geq\,M_W,\,M_A+M_H\,\geq\,M_Z,\,2\,M_{H^\pm}\,\geq\,M_Z.
\end{equation}

\textbf{Electroweak precision tests (EWPT)}: we call for a $2\,\sigma$ (i.e. $95 \%$ C.L.) agreement with electroweak precision observables, parametrized through the electroweak oblique parameters $S,T,U$ \cite{Altarelli:1990zd,Peskin:1990zt,Peskin:1991sw,Maksymyk:1993zm}. In our work, calculations were done through the routine implemented in the Two Higgs Doublet Model Calculator (\texttt{2HDMC}) tool \cite{Eriksson:2009ws}, which checks whenever model predictions fall within the observed parameter range \cite{Baak:2014ora}.

\textbf{Charged scalar mass and lifetime}: we take a conservative lower estimate on the mass of $M_{H^\pm}$ following analysis in \cite{Pierce:2007ut} to be
\begin{equation}\label{eq:mhplow}
M_{H^\pm}\,\geq\,70\,\;\hbox{GeV}.
\end{equation}
We also set an upper limit on the charged scalar lifetime of

\begin{equation}\label{eq:limcharged}
\tau\,\leq\,10^{-7}\,s,
\end{equation}
in order to evade bounds from quasi-stable charged particle searches. This translates to a lower bound on the total decay width of the charged scalar $H^\pm$ of $\Gamma_\text{tot}\,\geq\,6.58\,\times\,10^{-18}\,\;\hbox{GeV}$. In \cite{Heisig:2018kfq}, the authors show that limits from a recast of heavy charged particle searches at the LHC \cite{Khachatryan:2015lla} can set bounds on the lifetimes of $H^\pm$ between $10^{-9}$ and $10^{-5}\,s$, with the lower value prevailing for charged masses $M_{H^\pm}\,\lesssim\,500\,{\ensuremath\rm GeV}$. For most of the parameter space, the limit (\ref{eq:limcharged}) therefore corresponds to a conservative upper limit.

\textbf{Collider searches for new physics}: we require agreement with the  null-searches from the LEP, Tevatron, and LHC experiments. We use the publicly available tool \HBv5.2.0beta \cite{Bechtle:2008jh, Bechtle:2011sb, Bechtle:2013wla,Bechtle:2015pma}. In addition
the reinterpreted LEP II searches for supersymmetric particles analysis exclude the region of masses in the IDM where simultaneously \cite{Lundstrom:2008ai}
\begin{equation}\label{eq:leprec}
M_A\,\leq\,100\,\;\hbox{GeV},\,M_H\,\leq\,80\,\;\hbox{GeV},\,\, \Delta M {(A,H)}\,\geq\,8\,\;\hbox{GeV},
\end{equation}
as it would lead to a visible di-jet or di-lepton signal. After taking into account all the above limits we are outside of the region excluded due to the reinterpretation of the supersymmetry analysis from LHC Run I \cite{Belanger:2015kga}.

\textbf{Dark matter phenomenology}: we apply dark matter relic density limits obtained by the Planck experiment \cite{Ade:2015xua}:
\begin{equation}\label{eq:planck}
\Omega_c\,h^2\,=\,0.1197\,\pm\,0.0022.
\end{equation}
For a DM candidate that provides 100\% of observed DM in the Universe we require the above bound to be fulfilled within the 2$\sigma$ limit. However, we also allow for the case where $H$ is only a subdominant DM candidate, with
\begin{equation}\label{eq:om_limapp}
\Omega_H h^2 < \Omega_c\,h^2
\end{equation}
 (see \cite{Ilnicka:2015jba,Belyaev:2016lok,Ilnicka:2018def}). In such a scenario, additional dark matter candidates would be needed in order to account for the missing relic density.
In the results presented here, we apply XENON1T limits \cite{Aprile:2018dbl}\footnote{We use a digitized format of that data available from \cite{PhenoData}.}. These supersede previous bounds applied e.g. in \cite{Ilnicka:2018def} in relevant regions of parameter space, and are therefore crucial for a correct determination of the available parameter space, especially for low dark masses.

Results from indirect detection experiments, e.g. Fermi-LAT \cite{Fermi-LAT:2016uux}, give less stringent constraints than collider and direct detection experiments discussed above \cite{Goudelis:2013uca,Belyaev:2016lok}. A number of planned DM indirect detection experiments, mainly the Cherenkov Telescope Array, will be able to probe the heavy mass region, with DM particle heavier than 500 GeV \cite{Queiroz:2015utg}. Furthermore, if the reported gamma-ray excess from the Galactic center is of DM origin \cite{TheFermi-LAT:2017vmf}, it can be explained by the IDM with dark matter masses near the Higgs resonance or around 72 GeV \cite{Eiteneuer:2017hoh}. All dark matter variables were calculated with the use of \texttt{micrOmegas} version 4.3.5 \cite{Barducci:2016pcb}.

\subsection{Scan setup and limits}

After fixing the value of $M_h$, and hence both $\lambda_1$ and $m_{11}^2$, we are left with five {independent} input parameters for the scan: three masses of dark scalars $M_{A,H,H^\pm}$ and two couplings, $\lambda_{345},\lambda_2$. {In the initial setup of our scan,} masses take values between 0 and 1 TeV, with $M_H$ always being the lightest and $M_{H^\pm} \geq 70$ GeV. Unless stated otherwise, scalar couplings fall in the range of $\lambda_2 \in [0;4.5],\lambda_{345}\in [-1.5;4\pi]$.

In order to get interesting benchmark points we follow the procedure described in \cite{Ilnicka:2015jba}. All constraints described in the previous section are checked in steps, with the aid of publicly available tools. In the process we track the impact of each exclusion criterion.

The first step contains a check through the \texttt{2HDMC} in order to establish agreement with theoretical constraints (positivity, stability, perturbative unitarity). The same code is used to check the SM-like Higgs and electroweak gauge bosons widths, the decay rates of $h\,\rightarrow\,\text{invisible}$, and $h\,\rightarrow\,\gamma\gamma$, properties of charged scalar (lifetime, mass) as well as the EWPT observables. Points that have passed the first step are then checked against limits from collider searches, in particular the Higgs signal strength limits, with the use of \texttt{HiggsBounds}\,  and \texttt{HiggsSignals}. Points which passed the collider test are then confronted with limits from DM phenomenology, i.e. the relic density constraints with upper Planck bound (points that correspond to 100\% of measured $\Omega_c h^2$ are selected at later stage) and direct detection limits from XENON1T, with the use of \texttt{micrOmegas}.

Although the IDM is one of the simplest extensions of the SM and has a limited number of parameters, it is still difficult to establish which constraint has the greatest impact on excluding a given point in parameter space. In the following, we point to some generic features that however can be used for a clear distinction in the model parameters space (see also \cite{Ilnicka:2015jba}).

It is important to emphasize that the couplings that govern the production and decay processes at $e^+e^-$ colliders are mainly determined by the electroweak parameters of the SM; the additional parameters in the potential do not play any significant role for the allowed scenarios. On the other side, the parameter $\lambda_{345}$ is especially sensitive to constraints from dark matter observations. This nicely demonstrates the important complementarity of collider and astrophysical measurements in constraining the IDM parameter space.

We divide the discussion in two different subsections
\begin{itemize}
\item[$(i)$] constraints on the masses of the dark scalars, with the constraint given in eqn.~(\ref{eq:om_limapp}) for the dark matter relic density;
\item[$(ii)$] additional limits we obtain when requiring exact relic density.
\end{itemize}
We only briefly discuss the second point here and refer to the literature (see e.g. \cite{Belyaev:2016lok}) for further details.

\subsubsection{Limits on masses}
The collider phenomenology of the IDM is mainly determined by the dark scalar masses, as all relevant production and decay channels are governed by electroweak couplings and the corresponding SM parameters. As dominant constraints for the regions for $M_H\,\leq\,M_h/2$ and $M_H\,\geq\,M_h/2$ originate from different sources, we will discuss these separately.

\begin{itemize}
\item{}In general, constraints arising from EWPT are of a great importance to our studies. As found in \cite{Ilnicka:2015jba,Belyaev:2016lok,LopezHonorez:2010tb}, mass splittings between inert particles are heavily limited by the S,T,U parameters.
First, only moderate mass splittings are allowed by EWPT data, with the preferred value of $M_{H^\pm} - M_A$ below 100 GeV. Also, there is a hierarchy between masses, with the charged scalar being the heaviest particle. The reverse relation is not excluded, however it will lead to a larger tension with combined S and T limits.  In general, points with moderate mass splittings are preferred, especially for dark matter candidates with masses $\geq\,300\,{\ensuremath\rm GeV}$, where splittings between $M_A$ and $M_H$ are typically of order $10\,\%$ or lower. For masses $M_H\,\leq\,100\,{\ensuremath\rm GeV}$, we found that relatively large mass differences are allowed between the two neutral scalars. The mass hierarchy and constraints on mass splittings can influence cascade decays of inert particles.
\item In addition to eqn.~(\ref{eq:mhplow}), the measurement of $h\,\rightarrow\,\gamma\gamma$ puts a lower limit on the charged Higgs mass as a function of $\lambda_{345}$, cf. e.g. \cite{Ilnicka:2018def}.
\item masses of DM particles below 45 GeV are excluded \cite{Ilnicka:2015jba,Belyaev:2016lok}. For $M_H\,\leq\,M_h/2$ limits from the invisible branching ratio of the SM Higgs lead to relatively low values of $\lambda_{345}$, which in turn result in  the relic density exceeding the measured value by orders of magnitude or the mass splittings changing electroweak gauge bosons widths\footnote{See e.g. detailed discussions in \cite{Belyaev:2016lok}.} significantly.
\item{} for dark scalars with masses $\lesssim\,100\,{\ensuremath\rm GeV}$, additional specific constraints are given by eqn.~(\ref{eq:leprec}).
\end{itemize}

The parameters $\lambda_2$ and $\lambda_{345}$ are also constrained from combined positivity, unitarity and global minimum conditions \cite{Swiezewska:2012ej}. The exact value of $\lambda_2$ parameter would matter in studies that consider interaction between inert particles, for example for the astrophysical implications of self-interacting dark matter, or if the loop processes like $HH \to \gamma \gamma$ through the $H^+H^-$ loop are considered, this is however beyond the scope of this work.

Dark matter constraints give major bounds on allowed values of $\lambda_{345}$. In general, $|\lambda_{345}|\,\lesssim\, 1.5$ for dark masses up to 1 {\ensuremath\rm TeV}. For $M_H\,\lesssim\,M_h/2$, this limit decreases to $|\lambda_{345}|\,\lesssim\,0.006$, due to the inclusion of results presented in \cite{Aprile:2018dbl}. Limits from Higgs signal strength measurements also limit this parameter, albeit less strongly than dark matter constraints. If we allow for a subdominant dark matter candidate, the parameter space largely opens up for regions where the dark matter relic density is much lower than the Planck value. Direct detection limits are then rescaled and therefore considerably relaxed (see also \cite{Ilnicka:2015jba}). A prominent example for this is the region where $M_H\,\sim\,M_h/2$, leading to large annihilation cross sections. This broadens especially the allowed range for $\lambda_{345}$.

In summary, $M_{H^\pm}$ and $M_A$ are relatively degenerate throughout the allowed parameter space. The splittings between these and the dark matter candidate depend on the DM mass and can become quite large, especially for low $M_{H}$. The couplings $\lambda_2$ and $\lambda_{345}$ do not play a significant role in collider phenomenology.

\subsubsection{Requiring exact relic density}
\label{sec:exact}

Requiring the model to render exact relic density, as specified by eqn.~(\ref{eq:planck}), puts additional constraints on the model. These are mainly on the coupling combination $\lambda_{345}$, but also affect the values of possible dark scalar masses in such a scenario.

\begin{itemize}
\item{}If $H$ is the only source of DM in the Universe then it is possible to find good points  {only for masses 55\,GeV $\lesssim M_H \lesssim$ 75\,GeV, where the allowed range of dark scalar masses is determined by electroweak constraints, without additional fine-tuning.}
\item{} {In the region $75\,{\ensuremath\rm GeV} \lesssim M_H \lesssim 500\,{\ensuremath\rm GeV}$ DM direct detection searches exclude all points that have exact relic density. Points that have passed all other constraints provide only a subdominant dark matter candidate.}
\item{}For $M_{H}$ larger than 500\,GeV extreme fine-tuning of the dark masses is required in order to obtain exact relic density; cf. the discussion in \cite{Belyaev:2016lok}. The authors of that reference find that $\mathcal{O}\left( {\ensuremath\rm GeV}\right)$ mass splittings between the dark scalars would be required in order to obtain the correct relic density; in turn, this can lead to long-lived particles at the LHC, {where minimal allowed mass splittings are $\mathcal{O}\left( 0.2\,{\ensuremath\rm GeV} \right)$ \cite{Heisig:2018kfq}}. In our work, we do not study this particularly fine-tuned region in more detail.
\end{itemize}

\section{Benchmark Points \label{sec:benchmarks}}

As the aim of this note is to present benchmarks useful for further studies at linear colliders, we are particularly interested in points that provide an observable signal.
For the possible signal we take the pair-production processes
\begin{eqnarray}
  e^{+}e^{-} \to  H^{+}H^{-} & \text{and}&   e^{+}e^{-}  \to   AH \label{processes}
  \end{eqnarray}
for charged and  neutral scalar production.
The s-channel production $e^+e^- \to h \to AA$ is also possible, however it is suppressed by a small electron Yukawa coupling. The dark scalars $H^\pm$ and $A$ will then decay into a virtual or on-shell electroweak gauge boson and the dark matter candidate. Here, we first concentrate on center-of-mass energies of $\sqrt{s}\,\in\left\{ 250; 380; 500 \right\} {\ensuremath\rm GeV}$, therefore constraining ourselves to scenarios where either $M_{H^+}\,\leq\,250\,{\ensuremath\rm GeV}$ or $M_H+M_A\,\leq\,500\,{\ensuremath\rm GeV}$ (or both). In section \ref{sec:high}, we extend the analysis to contain higher dark scalar masses, in order to investigate the collider reach of the high energy ILC at 1\,TeV and higher energy stages of CLIC at 1.5\,TeV and 3\,TeV \cite{CLIC:2016zwp}.
In this work, we consider benchmarks with both on-shell and off-shell intermediate gauge bosons, as these differ in the collider phenomenology, and different cut strategies have to be applied.

Our benchmark selection was done in the following steps:
\begin{enumerate}
  %
\item{}Benchmark candidates were generated by employing the scan presented in \cite{Ilnicka:2015jba}, with updated experimental constraints as discussed above. We selected about 7500 benchmark candidates which fulfill all constraints (we allow for under-abundant dark matter, therefore relaxing bounds from direct detection considerably in certain regions of parameter space).

\item{}We then calculated the production cross sections at $250,\,380\,$ and $500\,{\ensuremath\rm GeV}$ center-of-mass energies for processes~(\ref{processes}); we required a minimal production cross section of $10\,\ensuremath\rm fb$ to classify a point as "accessible" for a certain process/energy stage;
\item{}if possible, we required a high-enough relic density, providing at least $50\%$ of the value observed by the Planck collaboration;
\item{}finally we selected benchmark points corresponding to different accessibility at the subsequent energy stages and different kinematical configurations, namely on-shell vs off-shell intermediate gauge bosons.
\end{enumerate}

The calculation of cross sections was performed using input files generated by {\tt SARAH 4.13.0} \cite{Staub:2012pb,Staub:2013tta,Staub:2015kfa} and {\tt SPheno 4.0.3} \cite{Porod:2003um,Porod:2011nf}, which were passed to {\tt WHizard 2.2.8}~\cite{Moretti:2001zz,Kilian:2007gr}. Initial state radiation was taken into account but not the beam luminosity spectra.

Point 2 above allows us to categorize different classes of benchmarks, which we label "XYZ" in the following, with  X=1(2) corresponding to  1 (2) production processes accessible at 250\,GeV, while Y and Z are defined accordingly for 380\,GeV and 500\,GeV. Within a certain category, we then considered different mass splitting configurations, in order to cover all possible typical parameter configurations leading to distinct collider signatures that can be generated by the IDM.
The final selection of benchmark points, focusing on kinematic properties and selection criteria, is given in table \ref{tab:bench}. The table also contains the complete set of independent parameters for each point, as well as the relic density.

\begin{table}[p]
\begin{center}
  \small
  \include{table1}
\caption{ In all benchmarks $M_h = 125.1$ GeV. Bold font denotes BP with 100\% DM relic density. Accessibility categories are also shown (see text for details).
  Note that BP5 and BP17 were excluded by the updated  XENON1T limits \cite{Aprile:2018dbl}. \label{tab:bench}
}
\end{center}
\end{table}

In our selection, BP1 is an example for a relatively small mass splitting, that forces the intermediate gauge boson to be off-shell. Other benchmark points, as e.g. BP9, allow for on-shell decays in both channels. However, these force the corresponding dark scalar masses to be $\mathcal{O}\left(  150\,{\ensuremath\rm GeV}\right)$, therefore leading to smaller production cross sections.

Figure \ref{fig:benchmarks} shows the initial benchmark candidates, that obey all current constraints, in the $(M_{H^+}-M_H; M_A-M_H)$ plane. All points form a narrow band corresponding to $M_A \lesssim M_{H^\pm}$. Our chosen benchmark points, also indicated in Fig.~\ref{fig:benchmarks} (red points) cover mass gaps up to about 250\,GeV only, due to the required minimal cross section (see point 2 above).  Notice that for most selected benchmark points the DM candidate is relatively light, with a mass below 80\,GeV.

\begin{figure}[ht!]
\begin{center}
  \includegraphics[width=0.75\textwidth]{massdiffrange}
\end{center}
\caption{Distribution of benchmark candidate points (green) in the $(M_{H^+}-M_H; M_A-M_H)$ plane, after all constraints are taken into account, as well as selected benchmark points (red) in the same plane. The dashed lines indicate the electroweak gauge boson masses that distinguish between on- and off-shell decays of dark scalars. The relatively narrow band stems mainly from electroweak precision constraints.
\label{fig:benchmarks}}
\end{figure}

\begin{table}[p]
\small
\begin{center}
\include{table2}
\caption{ Production cross sections in fb for on-shell charged scalar pair-production, $e^+\,e^-\,\rightarrow\,H^+ H^-$, for the center-of-mass energies considered in this work. We only list benchmark points with at least one non-zero production cross section.  We also display the branching ratio $H^+\,\rightarrow\,W^+\,H$ (the other possible channel, $H^+\,\rightarrow\,W^+ A$, is suppressed for most BPs). The displayed branching ratios were calculated using \texttt{2HDMC}. \label{tab:xshphm} }
\end{center}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[p]
\small
\begin{center}
\include{table3}
\caption{ Production cross sections in fb for on-shell neutral scalar pair-production, $e^+\,e^-\,\rightarrow\,H A$, for the center-of-mass energies considered in this work. We only list benchmark points with at least one non-zero production cross section. The branching ratio BR$(A\to H Z^{(\star)})\approx 100$\%. \label{tab:xsha} }
\end{center}
\end{table}

Tables \ref{tab:xshphm} and \ref{tab:xsha} show the production cross sections at various center-of-mass energies for all benchmark scenarios.
These indicate promising prospects of detection at future linear colliders.
Because $A$ is always a lighter particle, neutral channels are usually accessible at lower energies than charged ones. If both channels are accessible, the cross section for charged scalar pair-production is usually larger than for the neutral ones.

\section{Extending to higher mass scales}\label{sec:high}

So far, we have discussed IDM scenarios that are accessible at center-of-mass energies up to 500\,GeV, with a mass range of $M\,\lesssim\,250\,{\ensuremath\rm GeV}$ for all dark scalars. However, the parameter space of the IDM largely opens up for higher dark scalar masses, especially as direct detection constraints are less strict and direct collider searches pose less stringent constraints.\footnote{Constraints stemming from the diphoton range exclude certain ranges in the $M_{H^+},\lambda_{345}$ plane, cf. e.g. \cite{Ilnicka:2018def}, leading to a lower limit on the dark charged scalar mass.} Therefore, in this section we consider high-mass benchmark points (HP) that can be explored at higher center-or-mass energies, e.g. at 1\,TeV ILC or at the high-energy stages of the CLIC collider, at 1.5\,TeV or 3\,TeV.

As before, all benchmark points have passed theoretical and experimental constraints discussed in section \ref{sec:constraints}. We now consider the nominal collider energies of 1\,TeV, 1.5\,TeV and 3\,TeV. From about 6000 parameter points, we selected 20 benchmark points. The selection was done analogously to the low-energy case, aiming in addition to cover the whole mass range of the dark scalars up to 1\,TeV. Benchmark points are summarized in table \ref{tab:bmhigh}
 {and the production cross sections for the considered IDM scalar pair-production processes in table \ref{tab:bmhigh_cs}}.
The maximum mass splitting between the dark scalars is about 140\,GeV, as the relic density decreases rapidly with the increasing mass difference (see sec.~\ref{sec:exact}).

\begin{table}[p]
\begin{center}
\small
\include{table4}
\caption{High-mass benchmark points (HPs) accessible at  {linear} colliders with $\mathcal{O}\left({\ensuremath\rm TeV}\right)$ center-of-mass energies. $M_h=125.1\,{\ensuremath\rm GeV}$ for all points. HP10 provides exact relic density. \label{tab:bmhigh} }
\end{center}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[p]
\begin{center}
\small
\include{table5}
\caption{Production cross sections in \ensuremath\rm fb~for high-mass benchmark points at 1\,TeV, 1.5\,TeV and 3\,TeV, for the production processes considered here.\label{tab:bmhigh_cs}}
\end{center}
\end{table}

 {
\section{Prospects for future dark matter and LHC experiments }\label{sec:lhc}

Experiments at future $e^+ e^-$ colliders will be able to probe the described benchmark
scenarios on the time scales of ten to twenty years.
By that time, the sensitivity of direct DM search experiments will have improved significantly, and
much larger samples of data will also be collected by the LHC experiments.
It is therefore an important question whether the benchmarks presented here are already accessible at the LHC or via dark matter direct detection.

As already described above, significant constraints of the IDM scenarios are set
by the recent  XENON1T measurement \cite{Aprile:2018dbl}.
The experiment continues to collect data and it is expected to improve its
sensitivity by a factor of about 3 \cite{Aprile:2015uzo}.
In this range, {most} of the points {providing dominant contribution to the
DM density in the Universe} (see tables \ref{tab:bench} and \ref{tab:bmhigh})
can be probed.
Four of these scenarios (BP6, BP16, BP21 and HP10) will remain inaccessible
at XENON1T, but can be probed at XENONnT, when the sensitivity will be enhanced
by another order of magnitude.
Only one scenario, BP2, will not be probed after the future XENON detector upgrade.

Scenarios resulting in subdominant contribution to the relic density are less
constrained by direct search experiments.
Still, half of the presented benchmark points can be probed with the full XENON1T
data  and only four scenarios (BP18, BP19, BP20 and HP3) remain inaccessible at
XENONnT.
This shows that direct DM search experiments will continue to set important
constraints on the proposed class of models and can result in the need to
redefine the set of benchmark points in the future.
On the other hand, if an excess in direct detection is observed
in the XENON detector, the IDM scenarios will provide a perfect test framework
for interpretation of these results.
Direct searches will only indicate the possible mass and coupling range
for the lightest IDM scalar.
Other parameters of the model need to be constrained in collider experiments.

Searches for pair production of IDM scalars have also been considered for current and future runs of the  LHC.
Many different final states can be considered, including mono-jet, mono-Z,
mono-Higgs and Vector-Boson-Fusion + missing transverse energy signatures \cite{Poulose:2016lvz,Datta:2016nfz,Belyaev:2016lok,Dutta:2017lny,Wan:2018eaz}. Especially multi-lepton final states \cite{Datta:2016nfz} are promising\footnote{A discussion on regions accessible at Run I can e.g. be found in \cite{Belanger:2015kga}.}. In addition, also multi-jet final states \cite{Poulose:2016lvz,Dutta:2017lny} and combinations \cite{Wan:2018eaz} have been considered. For example, in \cite{Datta:2016nfz,Dutta:2017lny,Wan:2018eaz} the authors present phenomenological studies that render scenarios with dark masses $\lesssim\,300\,{\ensuremath\rm GeV}$ accessible at the HL-LHC.

Regarding other channels,
the analysis of mono-jet signature considered in \cite{Belyaev:2018ext,Belyaev:2016lok}
indicates that LHC has limited sensitivity to probe the IDM.
Additional assumptions are needed to set the scalar mass limits and they range only
up to about 200 GeV for HL-LHC.
Also for the di-jet plus missing transverse energy signature, as studied
e.g. in \cite{Poulose:2016lvz}, LHC sensitivity is significantly affected
by the large background, which can not be sufficiently suppressed even with
strong kinematic selection.
For the benchmark scenarios considered, the maximum signal significance
at an integrated luminosity of 3000 fb$^{-1}$ was about 2$\sigma$. However, we want to state that these analyses have not been on the same level as the current study, as they did not make use of more advanced analysis techniques. In general, production cross sections can be in the $\mathcal{O}\left( 500-700\ensuremath\rm fb\right)$ range for a center-of-mass energy of 13 {\ensuremath\rm TeV}~ \cite{trtalk}. Without detailed analyses, projections of reachability are however difficult to make. We therefore strongly encourage the experimental collaborations to investigate the benchmark points presented here at current and future LHC runs.

}

\section{Conclusions}\label{sec:conclusions}
In this paper we have revisited and updated the available parameter space of the Inert Doublet Model. The model features an exact $Z_2$ symmetry which results in dark scalars that do not interact with SM fermions, and the lightest neutral scalar can serve as a promising dark matter particle.
We took into account most recent experimental constraints from relic density and direct dark matter searches, including the latest XENON1T 2018 results, as well as collider bounds and theoretical constraints. Based on these updated results, we have provided benchmark scenarios accessible at the initial stages of future linear $e^+e^-$ colliders (250 and 500 GeV ILC and 380 GeV CLIC) as well as benchmarks that can be tested at high-energy stages (1 TeV ILC and 1.5 and 3 TeV CLIC).
In doing so  we pursued the philosophy of covering the widest range of parameters and experimental signatures. We provide predictions of production cross sections at these energies, and supplement these with information about the branching fractions of the relevant decay modes. We encourage the LC groups to make use of these benchmark scenarios. Although the benchmarks have been defined with $e^+e^-$ physics in mind, we strongly encourage our LHC experimental colleagues to consider these scenarios in the analysis of the current and upcoming LHC data.

\section*{Acknowledgements}
The authors thank J\"urgen Reuter and Wolfgang Kilian for useful comments regarding \texttt{Whizard}
and the \texttt{Sarah}/\texttt{Spheno} interface.
This research was supported in parts by the National Science Centre,
Poland, the HARMONIA project under contract UMO-2015/18/M/ST2/00518
(2016-2019) and OPUS project under contract UMO-2017/25/B/ST2/00496
(2018-2021) as well as COST Action CA 15180. The work of TR was partially supported by
the National Science Foundation under
Grant No. 1519045, by Michigan State University through computational resources
provided by the Institute for Cyber-Enabled Research, and by grant K 125105 of
the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund in Hungary.
The work of WK was partially supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) under grants
number STO 876/4-1 and STO 876/2-2. JK and WK thank Gudrid Moortgat-Pick for her hospitality and the DFG for support
through the SFB~676 ``Particles, Strings and the Early Universe''
during the initial stage of this project.

\bibliographystyle{jhep}

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Residents at the award-winning Lattitude Lakelands have been making good use of Peet's referral program with many couples who were themselves referred paying it forward and referring their friends.
One such couple is Cathy and Richard Coventry who fell in love with Lattitude Lakelands after being referred by their friends.
"We now have a beautiful freestanding house, which we own, in a secure, safe village atmosphere, with so much to offer... we absolutely love it here!" said Cathy.
Dust off your dancing shoes and join local dance groups Simply Swing, the Hiit Chicks, Fierce dance and the Young Yorgas as they teach you some of their favourite dances in an evening under the stars!
We do this by sharing the cost. You pay only 90% of the listed price and we retain a 10% interest in the property until you decide to sell it again in the future.
A big thank you to Anne and Rita for organising the annual street party last Sunday (2 December).
Approximately 90 residents attended with a surprise visit from Santa and his helper, Tahli who helped dish out lollies.
Residents of Lattitude were invited to bring along their friends to the free Roast N' Toast event last Sunday (14 October).
The celebrate the spirit of our thriving neighbourhood, attendees raised a glass at the lunch to toast the simple pleasures of life at Lattitude and the fun and friendships we've had along the way.
Attendees danced along to the live music and received a bottle of wine each to enjoy.
For a limited time you can receive $20,000 CASHBACK on one of our most popular home designs, the Dalkeith.
This design offers a sense of expansive living with its two generous sized bedrooms, two bathrooms, open plan living and dining areas and a separate patio and courtyard.
It was a warm winters day for the Mal and Shirley Jones Mixed Pairs Trophy Tournament earlier this month. Eighteen teams participated in the competition this year - a new record!
Congratulations to the winners Eileen and Lawrie Naven and runners-up Marion and Eddie Farr and thank you to everyone who participated in the fourth annual tournament and helped behind the scenes.
This great day of bowling finished off with the monthly sundowner to welcome new residents into the village.
In this Local Creatives workshop, Danielle will guide you though several different embroidery stitches. You will create your very own abstract embroidery hoop art to take home. The workshop includes all materials, comprehensive workshop notes and a take-home kit.
Booking essential. Visit the website here for more information.
No experience or materials necessary, all ages and abilities welcome.
Find out more on the City of Mandurah website here.
Join us for Lakelands' 1st birthday on Saturday 23 June 2018. There will be live entertainment, pop-up markets, face painting, plus so much more!
Don't miss out. Visit the Lakelands Shopping Centre website here for more information.
A big congratulations to Lattitude resident, Andy Laing who was awarded a WA Volunteer Service Award last weekend.
Andy was awarded a certificate and medal in recognition of 30 years of voluntary service as a Justice of the Peace.
On Thursday 10 May Lattitude hosted its very own Australia's Biggest Morning Tea fundraiser event.
148 attendees enjoyed homemade cakes, slices and savoury goodies, plus an exciting fashion show, barber style performance and more.
All funds raised on the day went towards Cancer Council WA.
There's lots going on around Lattitude, and you could be joining in on the fun too!
Our residents have the choice of being as involved as much or as little as they like with the many social activities on offer.
From the hobby shed, crafts groups, morning teas and sundowners, to quiz nights and the Great Gatsby Formal - there is something for everyone in this vibrant community.
To assist with your decision-making process, we have provided answers to a range of commonly asked questions within this document.
Lattitude is proud to be hosting their very own Australia's Biggest Morning Tea fundraising event for Cancer Council WA.
and of course a fantastic morning tea!
Come down and join us on Thursday 10 May at 10am at Lattitude Lakelands. We hope to see you there!
We would like to extend our sincerest thanks to all the Volunteers, Stall holders & Supporters for your involvement in our Easter Market Day on Sunday.
It was great to see so talented residents rewarded for all their hard work.
The raffle was a great success and has raised funds to go towards equipment purchases for the various craft groups within Lattitude.
You are invited to the Lattitude Easter Market Open Day, a fun-filled event where you can enjoy the exceptional market stalls run by Lattitude's very own residents.
This event will see plenty of food and drink options on offer, as well as an opportunity to browse a range of high-quality crafts, flowers, homemade candles and more.
Plus, come on down and you could be in the running to win a $100 Visa gift card!
The Market Day will be held on Sunday 25 March from 10:00am to 2:00pm at 52 Bellambi Chase, Lakelands. To find out more about over 55's resort-style living at Lattitude please contact our friendly Sales Representative Cath Acton on 1800 678 683 or Cath.Acton@peet.com.au.
There is always something going on at Lattitude! Whether its an aerobic fitness class or afternoon crafts, your day will be sorted with the wide range of activities on offer at Lattitude. This is just one of the many exciting perks of living at Lattitude.
Click here to view the timetable of Lattitude social activities.
Inside this edition you will find a recap of the Lattitude Christmas Markets and Open Day, events guide and much more!
Get to know your new neighbours! Click here to find out why Lattitude's newest residents love where they live.
Lock in your new lifestyle before April 30 and we'll add reverse cycle air-conditioning free of charge. It's a case of air today, gone tomorrow.
Click below to read the T&Cs.
There was a huge range of stalls and beautiful gardens to view at the Lattitude Christmas Open Day.
Love to sing? Always wanted to learn?
Singing teacher, Cass Sweeny, will lead the Lakelands Community Choir for a five week taster course, singing the classics through all the decades; no experience required.
For more information please contact the staff at Lakelands Library and Community Centre.
As part of the Local Creatives workshops, Plants with Purpose will be facilitating a succulent fishbowl in collaboration with Elli Moody Illustrations. Start the workshop by decorating and illustrating on your own chalkboard Fishbowl. Then learn how to grow, care for and propagate your own succulent fishbowl in this workshop.
The class involves demonstration techniques and materials. Places limited, bookings essential.
The Pinjarra Railway Markets operate every second Sunday of each month from September 2017 to June 2018. They have relocated at the beautiful Edenvale Homestead and there is much to see and buy with car boot sales, stalls, bric a brac, art n craft, quilts, plants and much more.
The Edenvale Homestead Tearooms have an amazing breakfast special for those early punters. For further information or to enquire on how to have your own stall please contact Kathy on 0400 310 370.
You can also enter the draw to win a one hundred dollar Visa gift card! Details to come.
"Over 55s who are looking to live a relaxed, independent and enjoyable lifestyle close to everything Mandurah has to offer will appreciate Peet's popular Lattitude Lakelands community."
Retirees looking to move into a relaxing over 55s community attended the free Lattitude Information Seminar.
Hosted by Jenny Seaton, the seminar included presentations from retirement specialist Stephen Kenny, wealth adviser Paul Elkington and local property market specialist Paul Rowen.
Attendees then enjoyed a cooking demonstration by local chef Puneet Singh from Sarba's Restaurant and Bar, followed by an estate tour.
Looking to live a relaxed, independent and enjoyable lifestyle close to everything Mandurah has to offer? Then be sure to keep an eye on this page for future events or call Cath Acton today!
Post a picture of what excites you about life at Lattitude Lakelands. It could be the beautiful Black Swan and Paganoni Lakes, community activities, or simply the relaxing resort lifestyle at Lattitude. Whatever you enjoy most, share the love with us! Simply snap a picture and upload it to Facebook or Instagram with the hashtag #lattitudelife and you could be featured on our new look Lattitude Lakelands website.
Lattitude's local shopping precicnt is now open! Home to Coles, Kmart, ALDI and a variety of other specialty retailers, restaurants and facilities.
Lattitude's resident croc hunter tells his story in the Autumn edition of the Lakelands newsletter, and the recent fun and festivities at the Lattitude Market Day makes an appearance.


text:
Q: Macro to Record users have read a document Apologies if this is answered somewhere else, but i have searched and couldn't find anything.
I have been asked to create a way of tracking when users have read our policy documents and recording it. My initial thoughts were to have a macro button at the bottom of the policy document (in word) which the user clicks to confirm they have read it. This would then update a Excel spreadsheet, which would then insert a new line capturing the users name, the document name and a timestamp.
The team can then view who has read what etc. and delete the excel lines once they are up to date. The excel would of course be saved in a static location.
Unfortunately, my VB skills are pretty minimal, so i wouldn't know where to start. Can this be done? Can anyone help?

A: You could try below
Sub save_tracking()
Dim XLapp As Excel.Application
Dim xlWB As Excel.Workbook
Set XLapp = New Excel.Application

'turn off extra bits
Screen_ = XLapp.ScreenUpdating
XLapp.ScreenUpdating = False
Event_ = XLapp.EnableEvents
XLapp.EnableEvents = False
Alerts_ = XLapp.DisplayAlerts
XLapp.DisplayAlerts = False

'get username
un = Environ("username")

'open tracking workbook
Set xlWB = XLapp.Workbooks.Open("C:\Test Tacking.xlsx", False, False)

'save information
With xlWB.Sheets(1)
    If .Range("A2").Value = "" Then
    'no values yet
        .Range("A2").Value = un
        .Range("B2").Value = XLapp.Name
        .Range("C2").Value = Now()
    ElseIf .Range("A3").Value = "" Then
    '2nd
        .Range("A3").Value = un
        .Range("B3").Value = XLapp.Name
        .Range("C3").Value = Now()
    Else
    '>2 values
        .Range("A2").End(xlDown).Offset(1, 0).Value = un
        .Range("B2").End(xlDown).Offset(1, 0).Value = XLapp.Name
        .Range("C2").End(xlDown).Offset(1, 0).Value = Now()
    End If
End With

'restore settings to previous
XLapp.ScreenUpdating = Screen_
XLapp.EnableEvents = Event_
XLapp.DisplayAlerts = Alerts_

'save/close workbook
xlWB.Close True
XLapp.Quit
Set XLapp = Nothing

End Sub

Function Environ(Expression)
On Error GoTo Err_Environ

    Environ = VBA.Environ(Expression)

Exit_Environ:
    Exit Function

Err_Environ:
    MsgBox Err.Number & " - " & Err.Description
    Resume Exit_Environ

End Function

Change the filename of xlWB to where your tracking sheet is stored. In the tracking sheet A1/B1/C1 is reserved for a heading and information will be stored in the first sheet.
Edit: Modified to run from another office program. You will need a reference to "Microsoft Excel 12.0 Object Library" the version may be different but that should be ok. Tools --> References. gets you to the references

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Washington (July 14, 2016) – Senators Edward J. Markey (D-Mass.) and Marco Rubio (R-Fla.). members of the Foreign Relations Committee, today introduced a Senate resolution calling for international cooperation to address the trafficking of illicit fentanyl into the United States. Illicit fentanyl is a synthetic opioid that is 50 times stronger than heroin and 100 times more powerful than morphine. It is responsible for the largest increase in drug overdose deaths nationwide in recent years. Last year, the Drug Enforcement Administration issued a nationwide alert on illicit fentanyl as a threat to public health and safety.
A copy of the Senate resolution can be found HERE and the full text is below.
Expressing the sense of the Senate regarding the trafficking of illicit fentanyl into the United States from Mexico and China.
(5) the United States Government, including the Secretary of State, the Attorney General, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy, should use the broad diplomatic and law enforcement resources of the United States, in partnership with the Governments of Mexico and China, to stop the trafficking of illicit fentanyl into the United States.


text:
Titanfall 2's multiplayer tech test will just be for console gamers
Respawn Entertainment has revealed that the upcoming multiplayer tech test for its sci-fi shooter sequel Titanfall 2 will be released just for the Xbox One and PlayStation 4, bypassing the PC platform.
In a post on the game's official website, Respawn founder Vince Zampella explained why the team won't be launching the tech test for the PC version:
Two big issues from a development standpoint: hardware variety & "min spec" optimization. We're still making a lot of tweaks and changes to the renderer, the game, and effects so we haven't run the game through the hardware compatibility lab yet to detect and handle a large variety of hardware - video cards, CPUs etc. Quite frankly, we aren't ready to deal with that yet, we are still making the game better. We also haven't done enough work to fully support our 'Min Spec' on PC yet. So, currently the PC game isn't as easy to throw out for testing as the console is, because of the additional variables and configurations that we need to support. Also, because the single player story has some wonderful secrets that we really want to preserve for launch, we also have to worry about leaks. Our wonderfully curious PC players have proven in the past that they will dig out anything they can, and there's a risk that they could spoil some of our single player.
Titanfall 2 will still be released for the PC, along with the Xbox One and PlayStation 4, on October 28.
See at Microsoft Store (opens in new tab)
All valid points, really.
Hopefully they dont break the game with the fragmented matchmaking system of the first one.
Looking forward to this one. One of the few titles that I think I'll buy.
lol, everyday now, theres only like 6++ global players online for tf1. i hope tf2 will not share the same fate.
The best cheap gaming laptop deals in January 2023
Radical conservatives drag Xbox into lame 'anti-woke' culture war. Don't fall for it.
This 75-inch Hisense 4K smart TV has dropped by $100 for the first time this year
Destiny 2 is about to shower players with 'red border' Deepsight weapons


Environmentalists and eco-friendly gardeners have just a few more days to enter this year's Insurance Corporation Conservation Awards.
The event, which has a £2000 prize, is open to any private individual, club, company or organisation and to any educational institution, has been running for 21 years. Islanders have until Tuesday 26 April to get their entries in.
'The Bailiwick has so many beautiful natural spaces and we need to do all we can to protect them'. says Peter Walpole, the chairman of judges.
In 2010 the top prize was won by the Alderney Wildlife Trust whose Community Woodland Project aims to plant 17,000 trees to recover the old island forests that have been decimated over the years. They walked away with the prestigious trophy and a cheque for £2000 to help fund their endeavours.
St Martin's School gardening and conservation project won the schools section and took away £2000 over 3 years.
In addition to the chance of winning the main schools section annual prize of £2000, each school that enters this year's competition will receive a bird box and a fruit tree courtesy of Earlswood Nursery Garden Centre.
The entries will be visited on Wednesday 4 May and judged by a panel of experts featuring members of the National Trust of Guernsey, La Société Guernesiaise and other local experts.
Peter Walpole says that the awards are the perfect marriage between the public and private sectors: "We are very grateful to the Environment Department, Earlswood, La Société Guernesiaise and the National Trust of Guernsey for their help in their continuing success. Judging day can be extremely challenging work but always a great day out and we look forward to a bumper crop of entrants again this year".
The entry form can be downloaded to your computer as a PDF file. The Entry Form will also be available from Earlswood and the Guille-Allez Library.
For more information on how to enter the Insurance Corporation Conservation Awards please call Jim Delbridge or Mel Rees at LR&D on 246668.
1990 – Peter and Janet Castle, Les Paas, Rue du Pre, St Peter – A nature conservation area.
1991 – Mr and Mrs Lihou – Enhancement of an old quarry.
1992 – Forest Primary School.
1993 – Mr and Mrs Watts – Meadow Court Farm.
1994 – Adrian Heyworth – Herm Island.
1995 – Jamie Hooper – La Hures.
1996 – Bruce Russell – Gold and Silversmiths.
1997 – Andrew Guille – A mature area at St Saviours.
1998 – Hazel Hill – Conservation of a former greenhouse site into a nature reserve.
1999 – Biotech International – Bubble Ion Exchange system to re-circulate waste water.
2000 – The Watts Family – The enhancement of the National Trust Water Meadow at Talbot Valley & The Heyworth Family for conservation work on Herm (tree planting).
2001 – Vic Froome – Nesting scheme for owls.
2002 – The Veron Family – Bird nature reserve.
2003 – The Naftels – Organic Farming.
2004 – Mr A de Garis – Enhancement, improvement and maintenance of orchid wet meadows, corn marigold field, grass meadows, a woodland and hay fields.
2005 – The Adams Family – encouraging biodiversity, conservation project at Rocque A L'Or Haut, Pleinmont & The Guernsey Conservation Volunteers – conservation of wet meadows at Rue Rocheuse, St Pierre du Bois.
2006 – Paul & Margaret Chilcott – Creation of a woodland and wildlife area at Les Pres de Jerbourg.
2007 – Joy Goldsmith and Mick Smith – restoration of traditional wet meadow and various projects (nest boxes, habitat management etc) in garden and surrounds to encourage wildlife.
2008 – Andrew de Garis – a wet meadow at Les Domaines in St Peters and a woodland / grassland area at Les Fauxquets.
2009 – Vic Froome – Nesting scheme for owls.
1995 – St Sampson's Infants School & St Peter port Secondary School.
1996 – St Peter Port Secondary School.
1997 – St Peter Port Secondary School.
1998 – La Houguette Primary School.
1999 – Acorn House School.
2000 – St Andrews Primary School.
2001 – Hautes Capelles Junior & Infants Schools – Developing a conservation area along the sides of the playing fields.
2002 – Vale Infant School – A conservation area.
2003 – St Sampson's Infants School – Pont area enhancements.
2004 – Melrose School – Creation of a conservation area and a herb garden.
2005 – St Andrews School – ongoing maintenance and development of environmental / conservation area including the recent creation of a sensory garden and mini-beast area.
2006 – Vale Infants School – Conservation and Education projects on school field.
2007 – Vauvert School – alterations to current garden format to include 'natural' habitats to assist pupils' study of conservation and the environment.
2008 – St Mary & St Michael Catholic Primary School's gardening and conservation project.


* NOTE: The full video had to be taken down due to bandwidth problems. In 3 days, the file was downloaded over 2,600 times, which helped HogCall use over 30 GB of bandwidth in those 3 days. The small version is still available, and one day we we try to bring the large version back.


Rightfast.com Inc (1998) is a Canadian Company located in Elmira, Ontario. Our toll free order and help (800 540 3136 ex23) lines are open from 8:00am eastern time to 6:00pm Pacific 7 days a week. Please call us with questions or volume quotes.
All our products are teir one brand new unopened current models, we do not sell open box or end of life products, all items come with a full Manufatures warranty. Please conact us prior to purchasing if you are unclear about compatibility issues.
We strive to ship all orders on the day received and paid.
Some items depending on stock levels may be shipped from the US however all import and shipping costs are covered by us.
Taxes are added to the final price.
Tracking is provided with 24hrs.
We accept all major credit cards using PayPal as our payment processor.
Non defective items returned are subject to a 50% restocking charge.
If an item is damaged in shipping or DOA defective out of the box or within 30 days we will exchange it at no expense to the purchaser. In some cases a Manufacturer's case number may be necessary.
After 30 days returns are not accepted as all items are covered by the manufactures warranty. We are available to assist in the process if necessary.
Please contact us with any concerns prior to purchasing.
All customer information is securley stored and we do not distribute or sell customer information.
We DO NOT store or keep any credit card information in any form.
All information collected is only used for interacting with customers as required.


text:
Un dolly (ou diabolo) est un avant-train composé d'un à trois essieux. Il sert à accrocher une semi-remorque lorsque l'on n'a pas de sellette. On peut accrocher ce dolly à un porteur, ou à une autre semi-remorque. Ce dolly possède deux attelages, le premier sert à l'accrocher et le deuxième, la sellette, sert à accrocher la semi-remorque. Il possède sa propre plaque d'immatriculation, et sa carte grise, car il pèse plus de 500 kg.

Le dolly est fréquemment utilisé en Finlande et en Suède pour atteler une semi-remorque à un camion classique. En Australie, le dolly permet de constituer les trains routiers. En France, son utilisation est très rare car la législation des transports exige que les véhicules ne dépassent pas 18,75 m.  ont autorisé une longueur de 25,25 m, ce qui fait porteur + dolly + semi-remorque. Il peut être utilisé lorsque l'on transporte des conteneurs. Lorsqu'il est utilisé en conteneur, l'ensemble est composé de : tracteur + semi-remorque + dolly + semi-remorque. Dans ce dernier cas l'ensemble mesure moins de 18,75 m.

Voir aussi
 Train routier

Remorque et attelage
Camion

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Rounding out the weekend of exploring, we visited the Newark State School, an abandoned collection of buildings which served people with disabilities. Some of the buildings on the campus have been re-purposed and are being used but many remain abandoned and continue to decay.
The campus is quite large, and some of the buildings are equally enormous. We only visited one of the buildings on the campus and there is so much still left in it that it really tells you a bit about the history of the place. On the second floor there are even names of the people who once lived in the rooms still above the doors. Because this "State School" was for the mentally handicapped there were some interesting contraptions in the building, such as a chair bolted to a scale for weighing patients; I have heard that straight jackets and other restraints can be found but I didn't see them.
Being the first institution that I've explored, it was a pretty exciting day. There is so much so see there and I'm sure so much interesting history buried in the rooms full of decaying relics. While the building isn't terribly interesting architecturally, it still has an eerie presence and fantastic light inside thanks to all the windows. I'm very hopeful to return and document more of the building and hopefully look a little deeper in to the contents of some of the rooms.
Other buildings on the campus also look incredibly promising; there is another much larger building with a more interesting looking layout and exterior that I'm sure would be well worth exploring. I'm unsure of what the purpose of the building we entered was but it seems like it was used for both housing and recreation.


We took our beloved Vintage Straight jean and recast it in soft sateen for a pant that's as easy to wear as jeans (but gives your denim a well-deserved day off). This features the same high waist and straight, cropped leg—plus our super-flattering Perfecting Pockets™ that hold you in, lift you up and are really comfortable too. Bonus: The of-the-moment camo print.


text:
Thousands Evacuated as Indonesian Volcanoes Erupt - 2004-06-08
In Indonesia, two volcanic eruptions are threatening surrounding populations.
Mount Bromo, a popular tourist attraction on Indonesia's main island of Java, spouted a huge plume of smoke and ash, prompting the government to move to its highest alert level. Ash is raining down on towns downwind of the eruption area, and there are reports of two deaths from falling rocks. Bromo last erupted 12 years ago, but caused no casualties.
Separately, at least 5,000 people have been evacuated from the slopes of the volcano Mount Awu, on the remote northeastern island of Sangihe near the border with the Philippines.
Indonesia's volcanoes are a tourist attraction. Jacqeline Van Oejen is staying in a hotel four kilometers upwind from the Bromo. She says she felt the violent eruption for about a half-hour before it calmed down.
"When it was happening, everything was? the windows were moving, et cetera," she said. "It was quite scary at the beginning, but people here were OK, they were not panicking or anything."
She says that although her bags are packed, she intends to spend the night where she is.
Indonesia sits on the so-called "ring of fire," a fault in the earth's surface that runs round the edge of the Pacific Ocean and causes high levels of volcanic and seismic activity.
The country is home to Krakatoa, a volcano that blew in 1883. It was the largest explosion in modern history, heard hundreds of miles away. It also created a huge tidal wave that killed thousands.


text:
Republic of South Ossetia
Republic of South Ossetia is located оn the southern slopes of the Main Caucasus Range in the area of 3900 square meters. Тhe capital is the city of Tskhinval.
One-tenth of the surface occupied by the Republic of the foothills.
The rest of the territory - the mountainous terrain height from 850 to 3938 meters above sea level.
The highest point - Mount Halatsa (3938 m).
Договоры РЮО
Заявления МИД РЮО
Комментарии МИД РЮО
Консульская служба МИД РЮО
О визах в РЮО
Ответы Министра иностранных дел РЮО
Порядок въезда на территорию РЮО
Сообщения МИД РЮО
Archive - Jan 26, 2018
Press release of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of South Ossetia
Baron Waqa, the President of the Republic of Nauru, hosted a meeting with Dmitrii Medoev, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of South Ossetia, on January 26, 2018 in his residence.
During the reception the Minister thanked the President for the invitation and on behalf of the South Ossetian authorities once again expressed words of gratitude for the decision to recognize the independence of the Republic of South Ossetia made in 2009.
Alongside with this Minister Medoev handed the congratulatory letter from Anatolii Bibilov, the President of the Republic of South Ossetia, addressed to Baron Waqa, the President of the Republic of Nauru, on the occasion of the main national holiday – the Independence Day.
On January 26 in framework of the official visit to Nauru the South Ossetian Foreign Minister Dmitrii Medoev participated in the launch of a new diesel power station constructed with the assistance of Australia, India and Taiwan, supported by the EU.
The project is of vital importance for the Republic of Nauru, since it provides secure functioning of the infrastructure of the whole state.
At the solemn opening ceremony the President of the Republic of Nauru Baron Waqa cut the ribbon and launched the station.
In his welcoming speech President Waqa congratulated the audience with a wonderful gift for the 50th Independence Day of Nauru and emphasized that construction and launch of the object would ensure stable electrical power supply.