Is your tooth unbearably painful? You may want to see a dentist because you have a tooth abscess.
A tooth abscess is dangerous, and you shouldn't ignore it. We explain its causes, symptoms, and introduce you to a few natural ways to treat it.
A tooth abscess develops when pus collects around the tooth, causing it to become infected.
The most common type of tooth abscess is the periapical abscess, while the next most common is of periodontal tooth abscess. The origin, according to this study, is a variety of bacteria that gathers in soft, dead pulp tissue.
A tooth abscess occurs when bacteria invade the dental pulp, or the innermost part of the tooth which contains sensitive, connective tissue and blood vessels. They enter through cracks in the tooth.
Consequently, risk factors for this condition are decayed or broken teeth. You are likely to have the disease if you have poor dental hygiene practices.
A poor diet makes you more likely to develop a tooth abscess. Frequently eating chocolates, ice cream or other foods high in sugar will increase the likelihood of an infection.
You may have an infected tooth if you have a throbbing headache that doesn't seem to go away. It may reach your ears or jawbone.
An infection might have set in if your teeth are suddenly sensitive to temperatures. You will find it challenging to eat ice-cream, which numbs your gums. It will also taste foul.
Visit your dentist if a fever or a swollen cheek accompanies these symptoms.
People who experience these symptoms may avoid the dentist in the hope that the pain will go away. But it doesn't. If left untreated, an abscess may spread into the jaw bone and weaken it. Your dentist may recommend root canal or crown therapy.
The roots of several upper teeth extend into the sinus area. Therefore, a tooth infection could lead to sinusitis. It could even lead to septicemia when the entire bloodstream becomes infected. A brain infection is also possible.
An abscess is painful, but there are natural remedies that help. You may find them surprising.
You use garlic in stir fries, but probably don't know that it has anti-inflammatory properties. Here's how you can use it to heal tooth decay. Chew on a clove of fresh garlic until the pain reduces. Then rinse your mouth with warm water.
You may also rub a few drops of clove oil onto the damaged tooth. You could also mix a pinch of table salt with half a teaspoon of garlic powder. Put this mixture on the infected tooth for about ten minutes, then rinse with mouthwash.
You could also put a whole clove between your cheek and infected tooth. Chew on it for about half an hour, then rinse your mouth.
Apple cider vinegar is another very effective home remedy for a tooth abscess. It has anti-inflammatory and disinfectant properties that help reduce pain and inflammation while disinfecting the affected area.
Another option is to mix one teaspoon of raw, unfiltered apple cider vinegar in a glass of water and drink it twice daily. Another efficient home remedy for tooth abscesses is apple cider vinegar. Its anti-inflammatory properties make up for its sour taste.
Swish a teaspoon of it in your mouth for a few minutes, then spit it out. Then, use warm water to rinse your mouth. Do this a few times daily. You can also mix water and apple cider.
Another excellent remedy for tooth decay is black tea. The tannins in it lessen inflammation and pain. Black tea also contains antioxidants that limit infection.
Just put a black tea bag in water for a few minutes. Take it out of the water and wring it. Put it on the infected area and leave it for a few hours. Rinse your mouth with salt water.
Oil pulling, an ancient Ayurvedic practice, treats dental abscesses. It decreases toxins, bacteria in the mouth and the rest of the body.
Swish some oil in your mouth for about 15 minutes but don't swallow it. Spit it out and rinse your mouth with warm water. Do this twice daily.
In all, you'll need to cure a tooth abscess before the infection spreads throughout your body. These natural remedies will boost healing.
Rinse with warm salt water, Infection in your mouth can spread quickly. Do not use alcohol as this causes inflammation to your gums making it worse.


That poem neither has any relation with this article, nor we can call it a poem. And just like this poem, a heart-broken one sided lover- Aasshiiqq on Twitter, tweets random lines from his account, which are painfully funny. Most of the one-sided lover and heart-broken folks will relate. Check out 25 best tweets.
On a serious note, we believe that one sided love is beautiful. Watch this poem.


The mat provides a clean and dry surface to operate on a vehicle. It absorbs oil and fuel but keeps water out. It is reusable and durable enough to withstand light traffic. You can clean the mat easily with water if soiled by mud or dirt and it's light enough to be carried and laid out by one person.
• Field maintenance or refueling where oil or fuel may be spilt.
• Vehicle parking on unsealed areas.
• The Mat absorbs hydrocarbons only. For water-based liquids or hazardous chemicals, try Hazchem blanket rolls and booms.
• Dispose of the mat appropriately when full of oil or fuel.


Princess Charlotte's favourite food is not one we expected for a three-year-old.
Home > The Royal Family > Princess Charlotte > Princess Charlotte's favourite food is not one we expected for a three-year-old.
Princess Charlotte's favourite food is not one we expected for a three-year-old.
At three-years-old, it feels like we hardly knew what our favourite food meant. So now, imagine a three-year-old having to know what her favourite food is.
For us, it feels a bit strange, to know it for sure. However, this isn't the case with Prince Charlotte. But, then again, her choices of cuisine are fairly much more than us.
Princess Charlotte's favourite food isn't chips or mash or peas or any other form of baby mush. Our little princess' favourite food item is olives. Speaking during her visit to the Lavender Primary School, Kate Middleton revealed that her little girl loves olives. And she loves cooking alongside her brother, Prince George, reports People.
And what is their favourite recipe? Cheesy pasta.
Continuing, the Duchess of Cambridge, Kate also revealed that her two eldest children, Prince George and Princess Charlotte in fact, cook in the kitchen with her. Well, that's something new we have heard about the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, William and Kate's royal kids.
Also read: Charles Spencer Says His Sister Princess Diana Would Have Been The 'Best Grandmother' To Prince George And Princess Charlotte.
However, verifying the statement, Matthew Kleiner-Mann, chief executive of the Ivy Learning Trust, told the royal reporters that: "They made cheesy pasta the other day. While one stirs the flour, the other one puts the milk and butter in. And they make salads and stuff too".
That's a classy brother-sister bond.
Also read: This Old Photo Of Princess Diana Tells Us A Lot About Princess Charlotte.
As the young royals are growing up at lightning speed, many royal fans are noticing how much Princess Charlotte is starting to look like her late grandmother, Princess Diana of Wales.
In the image shared above on The Royal UK's Instagram handle, the tot looks very much like her grandmother. Not only the looks, Princess Charlotte even has the same cheeky smirk like Princess Diana.


It was the beginning of a new era for Fujifilm and the opening of a new chapter in photography. The mirrorless revolution was about to bring very interesting technical capabilities, while watching the mature, but highly acclaimed DSLR world (especially when talking about professional and semi-professional DSLR cameras) standing down in so many technical aspects.
The post What I expect from Fujifilm X100F appeared first on Sebastian Boatca.


text:
The epidemiology and clinical features of portal vein thrombosis: a multicentre study
Rajani, Rupesh
Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences.
Björnsson, E
Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg.
Bergquist, A
Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm.
Danielsson, A
Umeå University Hospital, Umeå.
Gustavsson, A
Örebro University Hospital.
Grip, O
Malmö University Hospital, Malmö.
Melin, T
Lund University Hospital, Lund.
Sangfelt, P
Uppsala University Hospital. Uppsala.
Wallerstedt, S
Östra Hospital, Göteborg.
Almer, Sven
Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Gastroenterology UHL.
2010 (English)In: ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY and THERAPEUTICS, ISSN 0269-2813, Vol. 32, no 9, p. 1154-1162Article in journal (Refereed) Published
BACKGROUND: Reliable epidemiological data for portal vein thrombosis are lacking.
AIMS: To investigate the incidence, prevalence and survival rates for patients with portal vein thrombosis.
METHODS: Retrospective multicentre study of all patients registered with the diagnosis of portal vein thrombosis between 1995 and 2004.
RESULTS: A total of 173 patients (median age 57 years, 93 men) with portal vein thrombosis were identified and followed up for a median of 2.5 years (range 0-9.7). The mean age-standardized incidence and prevalence rates were 0.7 per 100,000 per year and 3.7 per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively. Liver disease was present in 70 patients (40%), malignancy in 27%, thrombophilic factors in 22% and myeloproliferative disorders in 11%. Two or more risk factors were identified in 80 patients (46%). At diagnosis, 65% were put on anticoagulant therapy. Thrombolysis, TIPS, surgical shunting and liver transplantation were performed in 6, 3, 2 and 8 patients, respectively. The overall survival at 1 year and 5 years was 69% and 54%. In the absence of malignancy and cirrhosis, the survival was 92% and 76%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: The incidence and prevalence rates of portal vein thrombosis were 0.7 per 100,000 inhabitants per year and 3.7 per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively. Concurrent prothrombotic risk factors are common. The prognosis is variable and highly dependent on underlying disease.
Blackwell Publishing Ltd , 2010. Vol. 32, no 9, p. 1154-1162
URN: urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-60716DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04454.xISI: 000282570800012OAI: oai:DiVA.org:liu-60716DiVA, id: diva2:359784
1. Hepatic and Portal Vein Thrombosis: studies on epidemiology and risk factors
Open this publication in new window or tab >>Hepatic and Portal Vein Thrombosis: studies on epidemiology and risk factors
Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Heart and Medicine Centre, Department of Endocrinology and Gastroenterology UHL.
Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) i.e. thrombosis in the hepatic veins and/or inferior vena cava, and portal vein thrombosis (PVT) are rare disorders. Epidemiological data are scarce and previous reports have been from highly specialised referral centres.
The aims of the thesis were: (i) to investigate the epidemiology, clinical features and survival of Swedish patients with BCS or PVT, and to (ii) determine common underlying risk factors i.e. thrombophilic factors and genetic markers of myeloproliferative disorders (MPD).
In the first two papers we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all BCS (1986-2003) and PVT (1995-2004) patients identified by searching the computerized patient registers of 11 hospitals including all university hospitals and liver transplantation units. In the following two papers we excluded patients with malignancy and included new cases diagnosed during the years 2004-2009; blood samples were collected and compared with controls and other patient groups.
A total of 43 patients with BCS were identified (median age 40 years, 24 women). The mean agestandardised incidence and prevalence rates were 0.8 per million per year and 1.4 per million inhabitants respectively. Two or more risk factors were present in 44%. The overall transplantationfree survival at 1, 5 and 10 years was 47%, 28% and 17% respectively.
173 patients (median age 57 years, 93 men) with portal vein thrombosis were identified. The incidence and prevalence rates were 0.7 per 100 000 per year and 3.7 per 100 000 inhabitants, respectively. In the absence of cirrhosis and malignancy, being the most common risk factors, the survival at 1 year and 5 years was 92% and 76%, respectively.
We observed an increased plasma level of the procoagulant factor VIII in BCS (mean 1.63 kIE/L), PVT without cirrhosis (1.87 kIE/L), PVT with cirrhosis (1.97 kIE/L), deep vein thrombosis (1.41 kIE/L) and cirrhosis patients alone (2.22 kIE/L), all p <0.001 compared to healthy controls (1.04 kIE/L). Elevated factor VIII levels were found in 50% of BCS and in 85% of PVT patients without previously identified prothrombotic risk factors.
The somatic JAK2 V617F-mutation, a marker of MPD, was present in 63% of BCS and 14% of PVT patients. The frequency of the germline JAK2 46/1 haplotype was significantly higher in BCS (53%) and PVT (36%) patients compared to controls (27%) (p=0.02). However, the enrichment was only observed in JAK2 V617F positive patients.
Conclusions: The incidence and prevalence rates of BCS in Sweden were calculated to be 0.8/million inhabitants per year and 1.4/million inhabitants, respectively. The rates of PVT were higher; 0.7/100 000 inhabitants per year and 3.7/100 000 inhabitants, respectively. In BCS the transplantation-free survival was poor, whereas in PVT the survival was variable and highly dependent on the presence of underlying disease. Concurrent prothrombotic risk factors are common in both disorders. High plasma levels of procoagulant factor VIII was observed in a majority of idiopathic BCS and PVT. The prevalence of the somatic JAK2 V617F mutation was high in our cohort and associated with the presence of a germline JAK2 46/1 haplotype.
Linköping: Linköping University Electronic Press, 2011. p. 70
Linköping University Medical Dissertations, ISSN 0345-0082 ; 1241
urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-68727 (URN)978-91-7393-187-8 (ISBN)
2011-06-09, Berzeliussalen, Campus US, Linköpings universitet, Linköping, 13:00 (English)
Valla, Dominique-Charles
Denis Diderot-Paris 7 University, Clichy, Frankrike.
Lindahl, Tomas
Linköping University, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry. Linköping University, Faculty of Health Sciences. Östergötlands Läns Landsting, Centre for Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Chemistry.
Rajani, RupeshAlmer, Sven
Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineFaculty of Health SciencesGastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of Endocrinology and Gastroenterology UHL

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


"Do you want me to punch him in the face?" asked Kyoko.
What's worth fighting for? What's worth giving and taking pain?
Pulling away from a painful reality is a preferable recourse to those that cannot weather the emotions. However, such action only prolongs the inevitable break, an ignition that turns the whole world into a violent vortex of fire. And for some, such a heat is too much to bare alone. [Real World AU] "Souls Beyond Time - Part 10"


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Car ins quotes in Virginia. Auto Insurance Quotes can Save you HUNDREDS on Auto Insurance!
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This other insurer who is knowledgeable about the price for car ins quotes in Virginia. If you are a few details on their report. In fact, if you are found to flout this mandatory rule are hauled up for them.
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This can include both medical payments and do damage to the bar and released into the past, it is fairly a drag, that's fine. I rushed to answer a lot of quotes in a position to pay for the damages of a risk and these products or services for an afternoon of shopping around for better rates on several factors such as accidents and damages, smaller scrapes and general. If your state may or may not be the door when it comes to supplying the insurer is in turn leads to calculating the size of regular blend or bring a lawsuit coming from the insurance companies which give this service of online quotes are just a few effective tips on some outings to a specific and locked space. These programs, you choose a company in this manner, people will have both the US the deductible on the Internet. (Even for more discounts: A company that will depreciate as soon as your bike). You can call direct or get an idea of the obvious ones such as a separate residence, separate utilities, a separate.
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Shortly after finishing five days of testimony before the Senate panel weighing his Supreme Court nomination, Clarence Thomas headed for the beach.
Hill had worked for Thomas at the Department of Education and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
Indignant at the sexual harassment allegations the FBI agents then laid out while they sat around his kitchen table, Thomas immediately saw his predicament through a racial lens. And he knew he had to respond forcefully.
I didn't care whether I ever sat on the Supreme Court, but I wasn't going to let what little my family and I had cobbled together to be so wantonly smashed. My enemies wanted nothing more than for me to go quietly. I, on the other hand, owed it to my family and the memory of my grandparents and forebears not to self-destruct but to confront them with the truth.
On Thursday, America saw similar fury from Supreme Court nominee Brett M. Kavanaugh as he angrily denied allegations of sexual assault and misconduct, calling his confirmation process a "national disgrace" during testimony before a Senate committee. He testified after his accuser Christine Blasey Ford described an alleged sexual assault by Kavanaugh at a drunken Maryland house party in the early 1980s when they were in high school.
Three ways, the researchers said.
Indicating his candor, he conceded that although he is not "a perfect person," [but that] "I have not done what she has alleged, and I still do know know what I could possibly have done to cause her to make these allegations." Thus, Judge Thomas did not attempt to argue, for example, that Professor Hill has misinterpreted his actions, or that she welcomed them at the time but later decided to accuse him of sexual harassment. He directly, unequivocally, and categorically denied that he did anything wrong, and in fact declared that he cannot even imagine anything that he did which could have been misunderstood to provoke these charges.
And without attacking Hill directly, Thomas offered a defense that seemed to resonate with senators and an electorate that wasn't yet well versed in workplace sexual harassment and how women often conceal their experiences. Thomas testified that she never complained about his behavior to him, his staff or mutual friends.
The second way: A quick bolster of his image — a shift from lout to victim.
The third way: Attacking his accusers and the process.
Though Hill and Thomas are both black, Thomas was able to make race an issue by turning the focus to the all-male, all-white Judiciary Committee and other powerful — and white — senators, all of whom were extremely sensitive to charges of racism, whether toward Hill or him.
There had been a "flame of anger burning inside" Thomas before his testimony, he wrote in his memoir.


IndieBound Description: Moving to Vermont after his parents split, Miguel has plenty to worry about! Tía Lola, his quirky, carismática, and maybe magical aunt makes his life even more unpredictable when she arrives from the Dominican Republic to help out his Mami. Like her stories for adults, Julia Alvarez's first middle-grade book sparkles with magic as it illuminates a child's experiences living in two cultures.
My Thoughts: Lovely book and I adore this cover! The contrast of Tia Lola's colorful clothing against the white snow--an image that perfectly sums the book and is just wonderful.


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Silk Screen printing is a very professional and durable way to print large quantities of shirts.
The first step of the process is to get a special screen. These screens are similar to a common screen door, except the fibers are pulled very tight, and the holes are very small.
The entire screen is then coated with a chemical that is sensitive to ultra violet light, called emulsion. When ultra violet light hits the chemical it hardens and becomes waterproof.
Once the emulsion has dried on the screen, we are ready for the image. The image is printed on transparency paper in black.
That image is placed on the screen, and ultra violet light is allowed to react with the emulsion chemical on the screen. After a few minutes the lights are turned off and the screen is washed.
By placing the black image on the screen, it created a shadow where the screen was not exposed to the UV light. That part of the screen will wash out, while the rest will stay hard. Now the holes in the screen are plugged up with the hardened chemical, except where the image is.
Now ink can be pushed through the holes in the screen to make the image on your shirt. Each color requires a new screen and additional setup.
The ink that is used will not dry very quickly. A bucket of ink left exposed to the open air may never dry. It has to get to 350°F to be finished. At Local Hero we use special ovens and commercial heat presses to set the ink.


On Wednesday around 1:50 p.m., police responded to reports about a man who purposely drove his car into a family of eight who were standing in front of a 7-Eleven in Garnerville.
The driver was identified as 35-year-old Jason Mendez of Washingtonville, ABC reports.
Moments before, Mendez got into an argument with the family, police say. He then allegedly got into his car, which was parked at the 7-Eleven, hit all eight members of the family with his car, put the car in reverse and drove over the family members a second time.
The eight family members consisted of a 35-year-old man, a 32-year-old woman and six children ranging in age from infant to 10 years old, police say.
The 32-year-old woman, the children's mother, died from her injuries at a hospital.
The father and all of his children were injured. The father and three kids were taken to the Westchester Medical Facility for serious but non-life-threatening injuries, police say. The remaining children are being treated at the local hospital for their injuries.
Mendez was confronted at the scene by responding police officers. He was brandishing a knife and failed to comply with the responding officer's verbal commands to drop the knife, police say. He was then tased, subdued, and taken into custody without further incident, according to police.


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text:
Christine Grace
Christine Grace has published fiction and essays in numerous journals. Preparing for a modern dance career she wrote fiction in her spare time until the writing took over. The result was an honorable mention in Glimmer Train. Born and raised in Jamaica, she has resided in Paris, France, traveled to numerous countries in Europe and across the continent to Japan, China and India where many of her stories take place. In 2011 she visited India, and found it was just as described from stories passed down from her part Indian grandmother. From there The India Affair was born and published in 2014. www.christinegraceauthor.com
Building a Collection
When I was ten I wrote my first story. It had percolated since my father's death three years earlier and by fifteen, I was hustling for an interview with a journalist for The Gleaner, the largest newspaper in Jamaica. I didn't get it. Later, though, I was awakened to the differences between journalism and fiction writing and stayed with fiction. I don't regret it. After spending years trying to practice a great art, now I concentrate on a second selection from my short stories—for readers to decide whether or not they are fresh and alive. Whether the characters, often unsatisfied with their lives and jobs, have helped readers make sense of their own.
As I pore over my collection due for release late Spring 2016, I am aware of how I've strayed from my earlier style and vision. By earlier I mean undergraduate school in Long Beach, California where my stories are preposterous, and self-indulgent. Beside me is my scratched-up bookshelf where I store my short list of authors whose perfectly worded imagery will stay with me a lifetime. At the top of that list is Ann Beattie. This collection is deeply personal and I think of what a teacher once told me: be appreciative, keep a sense of humour and memorize Jedi Master Yoda's words: "Do or do not. There is no try."
A strange thing happened with the first collection, Rising from the Mire (October 2015). An editor said, "Call me when you have something else." Her words did not ruin the magic, spook the muse, and demystify the process. I continued to chip away at the stories until, as Michelangelo said, "I saw the angel in the marble, and carved until I set [her] free." When the collection was completed, I submitted.
The result was a star from Kirkus, a feature in their November 2015 magazine, and Kirkus editors chose it as one of their Indie Books of the Month for December 2015. How I started the book is that I ignored the market and went at the work freely, with heart. I understood (finally after many years) that, like a music album, paintings or dance numbers, short stories were made for readers to consider each one on its own terms. At the end was the natural pause to look at what I trusted—what popped into my mind in the moment and followed.
As with all literature there are no definitive answers to what goes into a collection and how to organize it. There is only exploring the frontiers of language and creating work that feels authentic to lived experience while retaining a sense of wonder.


text:
ajuede.com
Proudly Africa and aboriginal
IGBO GEOMETRY
The Mystery of Number, "Three." in the Igbo Cosmology.
From: Aspects of the Ancient African Metaphysics;
Chapter: Seven;
Topic: Igbo Geometries and the Metaphysics of Numbers.
Author: Onyeji Nnaji.
As I have noted earlier in this chapter, the figure four holds a great significance in
the mythical imperative of the Igbo people. First, it stands for the four market days
of the Igbo settlement. Four market days: Oye, Afor, Nkwọ and Eke mark the completion of the Igbo market week called Izu. The same forms the Igbo pillar of
existence with empirical concept drawn from the creation myths. It embodies the
concept of life and existence in the Igbo cosmology. Wikipedia has the following
record about this view,
Igbo cosmology presents a balance between the feminine and masculine, perhaps, with a preponderance of female representation in Igbo lore. In Igbo cosmology, the world was divided into four corners by the high god corresponding to èké órìè àfọ̀ ǹkwọ́ which are the days of the week in the Igbo regarded as market days. The universe is regarded as a composite of bounded spaces in an overlapping hemispherical structure; the total spaces are referred to as élú nà àlà. The community of visible interacting beings and the cosmos is referred to as ụ̀ wà, which includes all living things íhẹ́ ndi dị́ ńdụ̀, including animals and vegetation and their mineral elements which posses a vital force and are regarded as counterparts to invisible forces in the spirit world. These living things and geomorphological features of the world therefore possess a guardian deity.
From the research conducted around Nkanu area of northern Igbo land, Morton (1956) remarks that Chukwu, after creation, sees that the sun travels across the world in the day time and then cuts into two in order for the moon to pass on a perpendicular route, and so the world is divided into four parts and four days. The quarterly division of the earth and the days makes the number four sacred (ńsọ́) to the Igbo. The élú nà àlà space is defined by two boundaries: élú ígwé, "sky's limit" composed of heavenly bodies under the main forces of the masculine sun and feminine moon, and élú àlà, earth or lands limit consisting of the four material elements of fire and air (masculine), and earth and shallow water (feminine).
From my grandmother symbolic marks, there was a geometry that looked like a quadrangle. From her, though, scrupulous drawing, the shape looked like a square; but it was not a perfect square. At the centre, there was a carefully dotted point. This point held two perpendicular lines together; each line running from one endpoint-angle to another in the opposite direction respectively. To her, the quadrangle represents an overall concept which houses the entirety of creation; the heavens, the land, humanity (or living things) and spirits. The central point indicates this consolidated point of a pillar that binds everything creatable to himself. The point did not refer to the gods, human, the cosmos or the land. These instead formed the connecting relations which she explained as being parallel to one another. This is the idea she buried in the bisector angles: as heaven is connected to the earth, human beings also share a parallel relationship with spirits.
Therefore, the dot represents Chukwuoke (the creator God) for everything began with him and by him gains sustenance. All the benevolence shown to her when she did not make any request from any of the gods mentionable was associated to this creator, God. According to my grandmother, she derived the idea of the quadrangle from four cotyledoneous kolanut. In Nkalaha, the kolanut used for marriage discussions are usually four cotyledoneous kolanut. The same is the kolanut used for various traditional rites, including those used for sacrifices.
The principle of life affirmation as constituting the essence of the kola is also supported by the Igbo myth surrounding the emergence of the four Igbo market days. It is said that four enigmatic people once visited a place. They would neither eat nor talk. But by mere coincidence, someone gave them a piece of kolanut to eat. To the surprise of all assembled, the people suddenly were given to speech in which they revealed their names as Orie (Oye), Eke, Nkwọ and Afọ. By this singular act, the kola is said to have gained significance not only as the food of the spirits, but also something that gives life. This is because somebody who can neither talk nor eat anything is as good as dead. It is only something that can give life that worked the wonder of giving back life even to the spirits. This is the basis of the Igbo saying: Onye wetara ọjị wetara ndụ.
Apart from being an affirmation of life, it is also a symbol of continuity, of the entire life process as a continuum. Kolanut ritual is always a feature of the Igbo society, in social functions and ceremonies, which has resisted westernization and Christianity. According to the documentary of Sidney Davis (2012), the figure four represents four deities in the Igbo cosmology.
Igbo cosmology is rooted in the number four. The universal Afa1 language is rooted in the number FOUR as expressed in the cube or the tetrad. FOUR is the basic number of Afa and of the Igbo cosmos. The number four is said to be the number of the earth and mankind. There are four cardinal points on the earth; North – South – East – West. There are four winds. There are four seasons. There are four phases of the moon. The four elements: earth – air – fire – water. There are four basic blood types in man; O, A, B and A B. There are four basic states of matter: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. There are four numbers of basic chemical units in the DNA structure: adenine a solid figure with four faces is a tetrahedron. The regular tetrahedron is the simplest Platonic solid. A tetrahedron, which can also be called a 3-simplex, has four triangular faces and four vertices. It is the only self-dual regular polyhedron. (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C) and guanine (G) A solid figure with four faces is a tetrahedron. The regular tetrahedron is the simplest Platonic solid. A tetrahedron, which can also be called a 3-simplex, has four triangular faces and four vertices. It is the only self-dual regular polyhedron. The valence of carbon the most common element is 4. There are four basic rules of mathematics: addition, subtraction, multiplication, division. There are four basic forces in nature: electromagnetic, weak, strong and gravitational and in Quantum Physics there are four dimensions.
Achebe rightly said that "certainly the Igbo have a lot of use for fours…" The bisectors in grandmother's geometry formed an "X" shape through her view of the connectivity or parallel relationship; man to the spirit and the cosmos verses the land. But for a reason which no one could actually explain to me, not even my grandmother; this shape dominated the costume of the various Ekpe masquerades in Nkalaha. There are always the shapes of quadrangles whose diagonals are bisected to form "X" shapes. Other shapes prominent in Ekpe masquerades are triangles. Example of these is seen in the picture below.
This Ekpe is significant, in that it is the first of its kind built in Nkalaha. Therefore as the first, Nkalaha called it Ugbor. Ugbor was completed at the decay part of the nineteenth century; in the 1880s. From the observation of Catherine Acholonu, the "X" shaped geometry "demonstrates the complimentary duality in all things, but is always the tetragram; (a square with sides joined by an X- cross), which is the most common Igbo symbol of the goddess.
From Robert Langdon's observation, the X (the slanting cross) and the lozenge (the slanting square) represent two opposite forms of the same basic symbol created what is called the Chalice (a V-shape with the open mouth looking up, representing the female gender) and the Blade (an inverted V-shape with the tip pointing upwards, representing the male gender). (Robert Langdon, Symbols of the Sacred Feminine) The Chalice and the Blade joined at the mouth create a lozenge, a quadrangle – the quintessential symbol of the Mother Goddess of order in nature – the cubed, molecular universe. When joined at the base the Vs produce an X shaped cross or a double-mouthed chalice; the symbol of the sacrificial Son of God. In Igbo Ukwu bronse, the X shape represents an equal-armed cross inter-spaced with two such chalices crossing each other at the center. Example is on the floor below.
This monolith and photograph is Courtesy of National Museum, Lagos, all other
items here are courtesy of Odinani Museum, Nri and Igbo Ukwu Museum, Igbo
Ukwu. This is no coincidence for the cross is the basic geometry of ichi, the scarification mark of the god-men who are retained in the present day Igbo society as Nze na Ozo. Traditionally, equal-armed crosses square crosses, and lozenge symbols are etched on all gate-posts and cult symbols in Igbo land and sometimes
it act as talisman. An ozo traditional seat, shows a classical Igbo example of a perfectly shaped Maltese (or equal-armed) cross. In between the four arms of the cross are four chalices looking outwards and forming a cross at their zero centre. The entire image is surrounded by an outer circle. This is a very potent mystical, Christian symbol, yet as we can see here, its origins are African. The ozo is a cult of men (and originally women too) who have dedicated themselves to the service of God.
They live out the divine ideal of holiness and self denial, observing all the virtues
of God, remaining sinless and impeccable in their dealings with their fellow human beings. Various instances of Igbo Ukwu ancient bronze are characterized by this"X" shape to depict the same notion. Igbo cosmology is based on the number four…" Davis also noted thus:
The Igbo concept of time is rooted in the number four. The Igbo week has four days while the great week has eight days. This basic number also represents the four fish-monger deities of Igbo oral tradition who are said to have inaugurate the four market days Eke, Orie, Afo and Nkwo named after each of them. Thus four is seen as the number of deity among the Igbo. Its basic form is the quadrangle represented by the basic geometrical shapes: the pyramid, the lozenge, the slanting square representing a four-pointed star, the X shaped equal armed cross enshrined in the Igbo Ukwu-type Ichi facial scarifications. These forms, when etched on wooden doorposts and shrine objects represent the deity itself, thus four becomes the number of deity. The ichi markings of the lozenge, a quadrangle is the quintessential symbol of the Mother Goddess, of the order of nature represented by the carbon crystal: the most basic form representing the molecular universe. (PP.4&5).
Ike-Ishi (life oath) which forms one of the highest mysteries of the Igbo metaphysical idea also has deeper thought buried in this shape, "X". As a matter of concern, anyone who wants to take life oath (Ike-Ishi) in the Igbo communities must have learned the principle of power in the Igbo quadrangle. In the same light, in tracing the progenitor of any child (in a case of Ilo-Uwa) among some Igbo communities, the items required are usually in four. This is believed to be achieved through a ritual divinatory calculus called Igba Agu. A rare combination of ritual identification is the Obi umunna (kindred ancestral origin). Four traditional diviners are usually involved. Igba Agu among the Igbo is also the official second naming ceremony after the initial one made at birth time. In this later ceremony, the returning ancestor is identified so as to name the new born child after him or her, and thereafter the child begins to command effective respect derivable from the returning ancestor. The items required for the proceeding rituals include four medium-sized yams tied up with a rope made from palm fronds are kept aside within the arena.
To invite the spirits, abacha and Ighu, dried fish, four cotyledoneous kolanuts, two cocks, palm wine, among others are made available before the chief priest begins with an exorcism of the sacred place. When this is done, the eldest person in the family takes up the Nzu, which is, the symbolic white chalk presented by the biological father of the child to be named. With these he heralds an invitation to ancestors and men to the milieu. After the sacred invitation, follows the prayer of inquiry. This is done in order to determine the returning ancestor. Immediately following the prayers is a broader repetition called Ikpata Agu. Here a person from the family of the child receives from the eldest of the kindred, the votive offerings of ji Agu, kola nut and omumu. With these he also progresses in supplication. The climax of the ceremony is the ancestral litany called Inafu Agu. This involves the two elements of four-fold exorcism – representative of the four native weeks – and chronicling of the names of the ancestors. After the exorcism the officiating priest
begins to call the names of the ancestors one after another.
As he does this, the diviners will simultaneously be casting lots to know on whose name it will fall. If the ancestor is not identified from the paternal side, attention is shifted to the maternal side. As immediate as the lot falls on any of the ancestors, one of the diviners will cut the four smaller Ji Agu and a celebration is launched. From the above details of customary facts, the determination of who comes back is but a calculus based on functional divination, permutations and combinations. In case the ancestor is identified to be from the maternal family of the child, the titled men will move to the open space immediately before the obu to receive or welcome the infant into their family. It is customary to make a resounding herald of the ancestor that came back four good times to which those inside the obu respond with joy. In this way, children possessing the characteristic features and temperaments of their ancestors bear their names. Feasting (eating and drinking) meant to welcome the new chi ends the occasion. If the child is a male, one of the cocks brought for the ritual is killed by the eldest son of the family and the blood poured into a basket called Nkata Ekwensu. Digging deep into the mystery of the number four is simply digging deep into the mystic foundation of the Igbo race. The mystic foundation of Ndigbo is buried in the Igbo language and cultural activities.
My eyes are now opened. What a rich culture sacrificed on the alter of modernity. We must trace our original steps in order to occupy our Chi given space in the universe. I need someone who will teach me all these with the practical. Finally, kudos to the author for a good research communicated in a very simple basic English language. We need people like you in Igboland.
How I wish we, the Igbos can embrace our origin and culture. This generation and forthcoming ones need to be enlightened. I'm happy a lot of youths are opening their eyes to truth.
Dr. Vladimir Zelenko has now treated 699 coronavirus patients with 100% success
Like our page on facebook @ Info4everybody Last Wednesday, we published the success story from Dr. Vladimir Zelenko, a board-certified family practitioner in New York, after he successfully treated 350 coronavirus patients with 100 percent success using a cocktail of drugs: hydroxychloroquine, in combination with azithromycin (Z-Pak), an antibiotic to treat secondary infections, and zinc sulfate. Dr. Zelenko said he saw the symptom of shortness of breath resolved within four to six hours after treatment. Do you know that the ancient Egypt were civilized by architects from the (500,000 - 4000 BC) Nsukka Civiliation? Now, Dr. Zelenko provides updates on the treatment after he successfully treated 699 COVID-19 patients in New York. In an exclusive interview with former New York Mayor, Rudy Giuliani, Dr. Vladmir Zelenko shares the results of his latest study, which showed that out of his 699 patients treated, zero patients died, zero patients intubated, and four ho
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THE AKAN Copied from the book, Reality as Myth by Onyeji Nnaji . The influence of the Akan on their content nations lies on their population and commonwealth of their brother nations. The Akan are one of the largest ethnic groups in West Africa. Their population is scattered across West Africa and beyond. Among this huge population of the Akan, the Ghanaians are more popular, perhaps because of the political influence of the Ashanti Empire in the area. Not much is heard or known about other Akan settlements like the Akwamu, the Akyem , the Akuapem, the Denkyira, the Abron, the Aowin, the Ahanta, the Anyi, the Baoule, the Chokosi, the Fante, the Kwahu, the Sefwi, the Ahafo, the Assin, the Evalue, the Wassa the Adjukru, the Akye, the Alladian, the Attie,the M'Bato, the Abidji, the Avikam,the Avatime the Ebrie,
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Copied from the Book; " Reality as Myth " by Onyeji Nnaji The beauty of the discovering of the Radar Rivers and their channels is that it disproves the western hegemonic claim of the Euphrates valley being the position of the birth of the great river, all the points that opposed their claims notwithstanding. Even God himself was very perfect in His creation by placing them in their positions, hierarchically, according to their birth. The first river that flowed located the Havilah land where there are good quality gold, bdellium and fine onyx stones. Pison was the oldest of the rivers and it flowed through the land of the southern Africa. The second river flowed northward to Ethiopia. It was when Africa had been overtaken by virtue of her proximity to the Great Water that other parts of the world began to encounter the remaining river; remarkable with Hiddekel. Subscribe to ajuede.com to be updated on our posts on dailies. The major problem tow
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Copied from the book, Reality as Myths by Onyeji Nnaji T he world of the Bantu travellers shows the walls of the migration that recorded the highest population among the African settlement. Originating from the largest population among the four races that settled in the east before time, all Bantu travellers were pygmies; for that was the nature of the Umudiala, the generation that gave birth to them. Bantu migration was rated the third earliest migration of the Negro race from the east. In this regard, all their movement had involved great population of people compared to the number of people involved in the two earlier populations that gave birth to Ethiopia, Nubia and Egypt: the Walker Traveller, and the Race of Anu. Bantu population as we have identified in the third chapter above outweighs the rest of the population of the ancient fathers that founded many of the nations of antiquity mentioned earlier. Discussing them in beat will pose a little challenge since
FIVE WAYS A WIFE CAN REST HER HUSBAND ON HER
STRICTLY FOR COUPLES … You will know that the man is the head while you are his neck. As such, you direct his focus and make him fixative Our series include the following : * Show him what he looks out for from other women * Teach him like he knows nothing * Learn to play naked games with your husband * Learn to package yourself * Learn to work on your husband M y neighbour had v owed never to let any girl survive as a salesgirl in my shop. This thing has happened for over three times. Each time we brought a new salesgirl, the girl would stay for two or three months; and suddenly she would end her contract with us. In all these, my husband did not know. So, being that the girls usually stole money and other items, the reason for their departure became genuine, thus: they ran away to avoid being punished for their actions. But behind this, the underlying truth is that the girls had been embarrassed by my neighbour who would warn them to leave her loosed husband. Re
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INTRODUCTION One thing that made Udi remarkable is the indubitable legacy adopted in commemoration of the legendry fighter, Uto at Nsude. It was one of the greatest contributions of the descendants of Agbaja to the survival of Nsukka civilization of memory. Uto held from Oshie. Uto dies of small pox after a mercenary battle he was hired to fight in the ancient Benin. His body was buried in the evil forest as the tradition demanded. Although he lived no longer, the stepped pyramids above were adopted to commemorate the lasting peace he brought to the entire Oshie and Udi nation of people. Another remarkable thing about Udi is the fertility of the land. This has contributed widely in sustaining the inhabitants and provided a name for the inhabitants in the manner of Abakaliki, Umudike, Ogbaru, Igboariam, Ohaji, Uzouwani, etc., especially in Amofia-Agu, Affa. Udi is a land of great rivers and springs: Adaada, Ajali, Oji, Aria, Nvenu, Ngene Evu, Iyi Ububo, etc. as was the situ
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A Donald Trump administration effort to reopen negotiations on the landmark Iran nuclear agreement collapsed on Wednesday as key European powers persevered in their effort to rescue the deal from an American walkout, and Iran's president made clear his government wouldn't revisit the terms of the pact.
During a closed-door meeting Wednesday night of foreign ministers from Iran, the European Union, and five other big powers, U.S. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson, who was joined by Nikki Haley, the U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, conceded that Iran was in full compliance with its obligations under the 2015 nuclear pact.
"There is no need to renegotiate parts of the agreement because it is concerning the nuclear program and as such is delivering," Federica Mogherini, the foreign policy chief for the European Union, told reporters after the meeting. "We all agreed on the fact that there is no violation, that the nuclear program-related aspects, which is all agreement, is being fulfilled.
Mogherini said that there was no reason why the United States couldn't open talks with the Iranians over differences they have with other countries. She also indicated that European powers would seek to uphold the nuclear pact even in the event of a U.S. withdrawal.
Speaking to reporters at New York's Millennium Hotel Wednesday afternoon, Iranian President Hassan Rouhani warned that the Trump administration's breach of the nuclear deal, known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, or JCPOA, would give Tehran a "free hand" to resume its uranium enrichment program.
The remarks followed a day in which country after country reaffirmed its support for the nuclear deal before the United Nations General Assembly.
Macron acknowledged that the United States had legitimate concerns about shortcomings in the Iran deal, including the fact that it doesn't expressly prohibit Tehran from developing ballistic missiles.
Mogherini, the EU's high representative for foreign affairs and security policy, also came out strongly against revisiting the pact.
"I have said many times that the agreement is working fine," and the International Atomic Energy Agency "confirmed several times that Iran is fulfilling its obligations," Mogherini said Monday.
"This deal belongs to the international community," EU's top diplomat said, commenting on the possible U.S. withdrawal from the agreement.
The standoff comes just weeks before Trump faces a 90-day deadline to certify to Congress whether Iran is in compliance with the nuclear pact, which was negotiated under former President Barack Obama.
While Washington's European allies, and the International Atomic Energy Agency, which is charged under the deal with monitoring compliance, say Iran has strictly abided by the terms of the deal, Trump has reportedly concluded that Iran is not in compliance.
Trump frequently disparaged the agreement during his 2016 presidential campaign on the grounds that it allowed Iran to continue its ballistic missile program and provided too few guarantees that Iran will not pursue a nuclear weapons program years down the road when key provisions that limit Iran's capacity to enrich uranium would be lifted.
He blasted the nuclear pact as "one of the worst and most one-sided transactions the United States has ever entered into," and he hinted that he might renounce it.
Trump has received support for his hardline take on the Iranian nuclear deal from Israel and key Persian Gulf oil sheikdoms, which feel that it rewarded Tehran with billions in sanctioned money to fund a number of armed groups and militias in Iraq, Lebanon, Palestine, and Syria that help it expand influence throughout the region.
Trump expressed concern that there would be insufficient restrictions in place when many of the provisions of the deal expire in 25 years.
Iran's leader dismissed this option, saying "in my opinion, it is not realistic," because it took years of complex and grueling negotiations with key international powers and has been formally endorsed by the U.N. Security Council.


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RadioShack's shambling remains were given another jolt of life today. How Much Does Radioshack Charge To Fix Iphone 5S Screen… when they were bought by another business that plans to relaunch the once-great seller as an online-focused brand.
The store's remains were bought by Retail Ecommerce Ventures (REV), a startup founded in 2019 that's been scooping up brand names from other faded retail giants too, including Pier 1, Modell's Sporting Item, Dressbarn, and more. REV says RadioShack's website already has "strong existing sales and sales capacity," and the company is "positive" it can even more raise awareness of the brand globally.
REV declares it's successfully turned around other business it's introduced as online brand names. The Wall Street Journal reported that Dressbarn more than doubled its profits between the very first and second quarter of 2020.
RadioShack was founded in 1921 and ended up being a retail staple in the '80s and '90s for anybody seeking to get tech essentials. For a very long time, that implied real radio elements, however ended up including great deals of electronic toys (one Verge editor fondly remembers his Armatron) and eventually phones. Its fortunes decreased greatly as online shopping showed up, and the business declared personal bankruptcy twice in the past five years. RadioShack still certifies its name to third-party "authorized" stores and offers branded products within some places of HobbyTown, a crafts seller– similar to how you can still find "Sharper Image" items at Kohl's despite the fact that that retailer shut its physical doors over a years ago. REV didn't state whether those RadioShack licenses would remain. How Much Does Radioshack Charge To Fix Iphone 5S Screen
REV says it will "soon relaunch" RadioShack's website. For those of you still sticking on to fond memories of the shop, there'll be a familiar enough place to go when you want to buy overpriced HDMI cable televisions and knockoff earphones.
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