text:
Health Research Report
73rd Issue 05 JAN 2010
Compiled By Ralph Turchiano
www.healthresearchreport.me www.vit.bz
www.youtube.com/vhfilm www.facebook.com/engineeringevil
www.engineeringevil.com
1. Growing evidence suggests progesterone should be considered a treatment option for traumatic brain injuries
2. Alzheimer's disease may protect against cancer and vice versa
3. Citrus surprise: Vitamin C boosts the reprogramming of adult cells into stem cells
4. Chlorophylls effective against aflatoxin
5. New year, new vitamin C discovery: It 'cures' mice with accelerated aging disease
6. (glycyrrhizin extracted from licorice root) A trip to the candy store might help ward off rare, but deadly infections
7. Running shoes may cause damage to knees, hips and ankles
8. Natural compound ( Quercetin) blocks hepatitis C infection
9. Caffeine consumption associated with less severe liver fibrosis
Public release date: 22-Dec-2009
Growing evidence suggests progesterone should be considered a treatment option for traumatic brain injuries
Researchers at Emory University in Atlanta, GA, recommend that progesterone (PROG), a naturally occurring hormone found in both males and females that can protect damaged cells in the central and peripheral nervous systems, be considered a viable treatment option for traumatic brain injuries, according to a clinical perspective published in the January issue of the American Journal of Roentgenology.
"Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important clinical problem in the United States and around the world," said Donald G. Stein, PhD, lead author of the paper. "TBI has received more attention recently because of its high incidence among combat casualties in Iraq and Afghanistan. Current Department of Defense statistics indicated that as many as 30 percent of wounded soldiers seen at Walter Reed Army Hospital have suffered a TBI, a finding that has stimulated government interest in developing a safe and effective treatment for this complex disorder," said Stein.
"Growing evidence indicates that post-injury administration of PROG in a variety of brain damage models can have beneficial effects, leading to substantial and sustained improvements in brain functionality. PROG given to both males and females can cross the blood-brain barrier and reduce edema (swelling) levels after TBI; in different models of cerebral ischemia (restriction of blood supply), significantly reduce the area of necrotic cell death and improve behavioral outcomes; and protect neurons distal to the injury that would normally die," said Stein.
PROG was recently tested in two phase 2 clinical trials for traumatic brain injury and will begin a phase 3 NIH sponsored trial soon.
"Given its relatively high safety profile, its ease of administration, its low cost and ready availability, PROG should be considered a viable treatment option — especially because, in brain injury, so little else is currently available," said Stein.
Alzheimer's disease may protect against cancer and vice versa
Embargoed for release until 4 p.m. ET, Wednesday, Dec. 23, 2009
ST. PAUL, Minn. – People who have Alzheimer's disease may be less likely to develop cancer, and people who have cancer may be less likely to develop Alzheimer's disease, according to a new study published in the December 23, 2009, online issue of Neurology®, the medical journal of the American Academy of Neurology.
"Discovering the links between these two conditions may help us better understand both diseases and open up avenues for possible treatments," said study author Catherine M. Roe, PhD, of Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO, and a member of the American Academy of Neurology.
For the study, researchers looked at a group of 3,020 people age 65 and older who were enrolled in the Cardiovascular Health Study and followed them for an average of five years to see whether they developed dementia and an average of eight years to see whether they developed cancer. At the start of the study, 164 people (5.4 percent) already had Alzheimer's disease and 522 people (17.3 percent) already had a cancer diagnosis.
During the study, 478 people developed dementia and 376 people developed invasive cancer. For people who had Alzheimer's disease at the start of the study, the risk of future cancer hospitalization was reduced by 69 percent compared to those who did not have Alzheimer's disease when the study started. For Caucasian people who had cancer when the study started, their risk of developing Alzheimer's disease was reduced by 43 percent compared to people who did not have cancer at the start of the study, although that finding was not evident in minority groups.
Citrus surprise: Vitamin C boosts the reprogramming of adult cells into stem cells
Famous for its antioxidant properties and role in tissue repair, vitamin C is touted as beneficial for illnesses ranging from the common cold to cancer and perhaps even for slowing the aging process. Now, a study published online on December 24th by Cell Press in the journal Cell Stem Cell uncovers an unexpected new role for this natural compound: facilitating the generation of embryonic-like stem cells from adult cells.
Over the past few years, we have learned that adult cells can be reprogrammed into cells with characteristics similar to embryonic stem cells by turning on a select set of genes. Although the reprogrammed cells, called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), have tremendous potential for regenerative medicine, the conversion is extremely inefficient.
"The low efficiency of the reprogramming process has hampered progress with this technology and is indicative of how little we understand it. Further, this process is most challenging in human cells, raising a significant barrier for producing iPSCs and serious concerns about the quality of the cells that are generated," explains senior study author Dr. Duanqing Pei from the South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine at the Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Dr. Pei and colleagues measured the production of reactive oxygen species or ROS during reprogramming and discovered a potential link between high ROS and low reprogramming efficiency. They became particularly interested in antioxidants, hypothesizing that they might suppress ROS and cell senescence, which seems to be a major roadblock for the generation of iPSCs.
The researchers found that adding vitamin C, an essential nutrient that is abundant in citrus fruits, enhanced iPSC generation from both mouse and human cells. Vitamin C accelerated gene expression changes and promoted a more efficient transition to the fully reprogrammed state. Somewhat to their surprise, they found that other antioxidants do not have the same effect, but vitamin C does seem to act at least in part through slowing cell senescence.
"Our results highlight a simple way to improve iPSC generation and provide additional insight into the mechanistic basis of reprogramming," concludes Dr. Pei. "It is also of interest that a vitamin with long-suspected anti-aging effects has such a potent influence on reprogramming, which can be considered a reversal of the aging process at the cellular level. It is likely that our work may stimulate further research in this area as well."
Chlorophylls effective against aflatoxin
CORVALLIS, Ore. – A new study has found that chlorophyll and its derivative chlorophyllin are effective in limiting the absorption of aflatoxin in humans. Aflatoxin is produced by a fungus that is a contaminant of grains including corn, peanuts and soybeans; it is known to cause liver cancer – and can work in concert with other health concerns, such as hepatitis.
Levels of aflatoxin are carefully regulated in the United States, but are often found in the food supplies of developing nations, especially those with poor storage facilities.
OSU scientist George Bailey, a distinguished professor of environmental and molecular toxicology, pioneered studies of aflatoxin in China, where he found that in one region, one out of every 10 adults died from liver cancer.
But what has the science world particularly intrigued with this follow-up study is the methodology used by the researchers – a new "Phase 0" approach that safely tests low levels of carcinogens in human volunteers to measure the total aflatoxin exposure and to determine the effect of dietary chlorophlls on reducing this exposure.
Results of the study were just published in the journal Cancer Prevention Research.
Bailey and several other researchers, including lead author Carole Jubert, were part of the recent study. The journal also included a perspective written by a pair of Johns Hopkins researchers – Thomas Kensler and John Groopman – who praise the methodology and suggest that these Phase 0 "microdosing" studies should be expanded.
They wrote: "…microdosing studies with carcinogens have the potential to provide important insights into chemopreventive interventions and to enhance the overall clinical development and safety evaluation of preventive agents."
The Phase 0 study "…may open the door for all kinds of new research," said Jubert, a former researcher in Bailey's lab at OSU's Linus Pauling Institute. Jubert now works for Life Microsystems, an OSU spinoff company that hopes to continue work with natural products grown in Oregon, including pure chlorophylls.
"The technology is not particularly difficult," she added. "It's just a novel approach to evaluate toxin exposure in humans."
In their study, Jubert and her colleagues gave very low doses of aflatoxin labeled with carbon-14 isotopes as a tracer to four human volunteers. They then gave the volunteers the same doses of aflatoxin along with doses of either chlorophyll or chlorophyllin, which previously had been shown to reduce carcinogen bioavailability in trout and rats. Using an accelerator mass spectrometer, they measured the rate of aflaxtoxin bioavailability. This technique is extremely sensitive, the researchers say, allowing measurement of minute amounts of any labeled compound.
Their research revealed rapid absorption of aflatoxin, which was significantly limited after the chlorophyll and chlorophyllin treatments.
"The beauty of this kind of 'Phase 0' study is the use of ultra-sensitive technology and 'microdoses' of environmental carcinogens to study toxicokinetics within the human body," said John Mata, an OSU pharmacologist and second author on the study. "These measurements can be important because they allow us to better design future studies to understand the effects of dietary constituents on cancer risk.
"In this case, clearly the results merit further study," Mata added. "We showed that aflatoxin is absorbed quite rapidly and that chlorophyll and chlorophyllin have an ameliorating effect, preventing the toxin from getting into the bloodstream. Further studies can more precisely explore the interactions, as well as dosage levels."
Jubert and Mata also have tested the feasibility of using similar technology on human exposure to other toxins, including smokers who ingest carcinogens through cigarette smoke.
Mata, a professor in OSU's College of Veterinary Medicine, is a pharmacologist who previously worked in the drug industry. He said Phase 1 studies are designed to see if a compound is safe; Phase 2 expands the scope of the project, and Phase 3 looks at the compounds' efficacy. Phase 0 represents a new concept – a way to measure the kinetics of a drug by using extremely small doses that pose little risk to the volunteers.
In this case, the amount of radiation given the human volunteers was equal to that you would encounter from a one-hour airplane ride; the level of aflatoxin administered was 1/30th the amount the Food and Drug Administration allows in a peanut butter sandwich.
Public release date: 4-Jan-2010
New year, new vitamin C discovery: It 'cures' mice with accelerated aging disease
New research in the FASEB Journal reports vitamin C reverses abnormalities caused by Werner syndrome gene, including cancer, obesity, diabetes, heart failure and high cholesterol
A new research discovery published in the January 2010 print issue of the FASEB Journal (http://www.fasebj.org) suggests that treatments for disorders that cause accelerated aging, particularly Werner's syndrome, might come straight from the family medicine chest. In the research report, a team of Canadian scientists show that vitamin C stops and even reverses accelerated aging in a mouse model of Werner's syndrome, but the discovery may also be applicable to other progeroid syndromes. People with Werner's syndrome begin to show signs of accelerated aging in their 20s and develop age-related diseases and generally die before the age of 50.
"Our study clearly indicates that a healthy organism or individuals with no health problems do not require a large amount of vitamin C in order to increase their lifespan, especially if they have a balanced diet and they exercise," said Michel Lebel, Ph.D., co-author of the study from the Centre de Recherche en Cancerologie in Quebec, Canada. "An organism or individual with a mutation in the WRN gene or any gene affected by the WRN protein, and thus predisposes them to several age-related diseases, may benefit from a diet with the appropriate amount of vitamin C."
Scientists treated both normal mice and mice with a mutation in the gene responsible for Werner's syndrome (WRN gene) with vitamin C in drinking water. Before treatment, the mice with a mutated WRN gene were fat, diabetic, and developing heart disease and cancer. After treatment, the mutant mice were as healthy as the normal mice and lived a normal lifespan. Vitamin C also improved how the mice stored and burned fat, decreased tissue inflammation and decreased oxidative stress in the WRN mice. The healthy mice did not appear to benefit from vitamin C.
"Vitamin C has become one of the most misunderstood substances in our medicine cabinets and food," said Gerald Weissmann, M.D., Editor-in-Chief of the FASEB Journal. "This study and others like it help explain how and why this chemical can help to defend some, but certainly not all, people from premature senescence."
Ralph's note – " The healthy mice did not appear to benefit from vitamin C" If the mice were healthy, What benefit were they looking for Specifically (I.e. Immortality, Laser Vision, etc..)
(glycyrrhizin extracted from licorice root) A trip to the candy store might help ward off rare, but deadly infections
New research in the Journal of Leukocyte Biology shows that glycyrrhizin extracted from licorice root helps the body defend against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection
As it turns out, children were not the only ones with visions of sugar plums dancing in their heads over this past holiday season. In a new research report published in the January 2010 issue of the Journal of Leukocyte Biology (http://www.jleukbio.org), a team of scientists from the University of Texas Medical Branch and Shriners Hospitals for Children show how a compound from licorice root (glycyrrhizin from Glycyrrhiza glabra) might be an effective tool in battling life-threatening, antibiotic-resistant infections resulting from severe burns. Specifically, they found that in burned mice, glycyrrhizin improved the ability of damaged skin to create small proteins that serve as the first line of defense against infection. These proteins, called antimicrobial peptides, work by puncturing the cell membranes of bacteria similar to how pins pop balloons.
"It is our hope that the medicinal uses of glycyrrhizin will lead to lower death rates associated with infection in burn patients," said Fujio Suzuki, Ph.D., one of the researchers involved in the work. Suzuki also said that more research is necessary to determine if this finding would have any implications for people with cystic fibrosis, who can develop Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in their lungs.
To make this discovery, Suzuki and colleagues used three groups of mice. The first group was normal, the second group was burned and untreated, and the third group was burned and treated with glycyrrhizin. The skin of the untreated burned mice did not have any detectable antimicrobial peptides that prevent bacteria from growing and spreading, but the normal mice did. The skin of the untreated burned mice also had immature myeloid cells, which indicate an inability of the skin to produce antimicrobial peptides needed to prevent infection. The mice treated with glycyrrhizin, however, were more like the normal mice as they had the antimicrobial peptides and no immature myeloid cells.
"Burns are the most painful of all injuries," said John Wherry, Ph.D., Deputy Editor of the Journal of Leukocyte Biology, "and the deadly Pseudomonas infections that can result from severe burns do more than add insult to those injuries. This research should serve as an important stepping stone toward helping develop new drugs that help prevent or treat Pseudomonas."
Running shoes may cause damage to knees, hips and ankles
Greater stresses on joints than running barefoot or walking in high-heeled shoes observed
New York, NY, January 4, 2010 – Knee osteoarthritis (OA) accounts for more disability in the elderly than any other disease. Running, although it has proven cardiovascular and other health benefits, can increase stresses on the joints of the leg. In a study published in the December 2009 issue of PM&R: The journal of injury, function and rehabilitation, researchers compared the effects on knee, hip and ankle joint motions of running barefoot versus running in modern running shoes. They concluded that running shoes exerted more stress on these joints compared to running barefoot or walking in high-heeled shoes.
Sixty-eight healthy young adult runners (37 women), who run in typical, currently available running shoes, were selected from the general population. None had any history of musculoskeletal injury and each ran at least 15 miles per week. A running shoe, selected for its neutral classification and design characteristics typical of most running footwear, was provided to all runners. Using a treadmill and a motion analysis system, each subject was observed running barefoot and with shoes. Data were collected at each runner's comfortable running pace after a warm-up period.
The researchers observed increased joint torques at the hip, knee and ankle with running shoes compared with running barefoot. Disproportionately large increases were observed in the hip internal rotation torque and in the knee flexion and knee varus torques. An average 54% increase in the hip internal rotation torque, a 36% increase in knee flexion torque, and a 38% increase in knee varus torque were measured when running in running shoes compared with barefoot.
These findings confirm that while the typical construction of modern-day running shoes provides good support and protection of the foot itself, one negative effect is the increased stress on each of the 3 lower extremity joints. These increases are likely caused in large part by an elevated heel and increased material under the medial arch, both characteristic of today's running shoes.
Writing in the article, lead author D. Casey Kerrigan, MD, JKM Technologies LLC, Charlottesville, VA, and co-investigators state, "Remarkably, the effect of running shoes on knee joint torques during running (36%-38% increase) that the authors observed here is even greater than the effect that was reported earlier of high-heeled shoes during walking (20%-26% increase). Considering that lower extremity joint loading is of a significantly greater magnitude during running than is experienced during walking, the current findings indeed represent substantial biomechanical changes." Dr. Kerrigan concludes, "Reducing joint torques with footwear completely to that of barefoot running, while providing meaningful footwear functions, especially compliance, should be the goal of new footwear designs."
Natural compound ( Quercetin) blocks hepatitis C infection
Finding may lead to a new treatment
Researchers have identified two cellular proteins that are important factors in hepatitis C virus infection, a finding that may result in the approval of new and less toxic treatments for the disease, which can lead to liver cancer and cirrhosis.
An estimated 270 to 300 million people worldwide are infected with hepatitis C and the conventional treatments – interferon and ribavirin – can have significant side effects. A new drug targeting cellular proteins rather than viral proteins would be a valuable addition to the treatment arsenal, said Samuel French, an assistant professor of pathology and senior author of the study.
French and his team set out to identify the cellular factors involved in hepatitis C replication and, using mass spectrometry, found that heat shock proteins (HSPs) 40 and 70 were important for viral infection. HSP 70 was previously known to be involved, but HSP 40 was linked for the first time to hepatitis C infection, French said. They further showed that the natural compound Quercetin, which inhibits the synthesis of these proteins, significantly inhibits viral infection in tissue culture.
"This is an important finding because we can block these proteins with the idea of reducing the level of the virus in people and, ideally, completely eliminate it," said French, who also is a researcher at UCLA's Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center.
The study appeared in the most recent issue of the journal Hepatology.
Since Quercetin has been shown to inhibit hepatitis C infection, French said, a Phase I clinical trial will be launched at UCLA to determine if the compound is safe and effective.
Quercetin is a plant-derived bioflavonoid, and is used by some people as a nutritional supplement. Laboratory studies show it may have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and it is being investigated for a wide range of potential health benefits. Currently, there are early-stage clinical trials testing quercetin for safety and efficacy against sarcoidosis, asthma and glucose absorption in obesity and diabetes.
"Because Quercetin targets cellular proteins rather than viral proteins, there is less likelihood of developing viral resistance," French said. "Cellular proteins cannot change like viral proteins can."
Many patients in the United States have a type of hepatitis C virus that does not respond to the standard treatments. In these cases, if the virus can't be blocked, end-stage liver disease and, ultimately, death may occur. Once HSP 40 and 70 were identified, French and his team used Quercetin in an attempt to block the proteins and found that the compound "reduced infectious particle production at non-toxic concentrations," according to the study.
"Quercetin may allow for the dissection of the viral life cycle and has potential therapeutic use to reduce virus production with low associated toxicity," the study states.
The UCLA clinical trial will most likely target those with type 1 hepatitis C, which is the non-responsive type prevalent in this country. Only about 50 percent of those with type 1 hepatitis C respond to treatment, French said.
Volunteers with type 1 hepatitis C who opt not to undergo conventional therapies would be recruited for the study. In other studies in other diseases, Quercetin has resulted in no significant side effects, French said.
"A non-toxic treatment for chronic hepatitis C would be great because our current therapies have significant side effects and only a certain percentage of the patient population responds," French said.
Natural compounds in pomegranates may prevent growth of hormone-dependent breast cancer
Eating fruit, such as pomegranates, that contain anti-aromatase phytochemicals reduces the incidence of hormone-dependent breast cancer, according to results of a study published in the January issue of Cancer Prevention Research, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.
Pomegranate is enriched in a series of compounds known as ellagitannins that, as shown in this study, appear to be responsible for the anti-proliferative effect of the pomegranate.
"Phytochemicals suppress estrogen production that prevents the proliferation of breast cancer cells and the growth of estrogen-responsive tumors," said principal investigator Shiuan Chen, Ph.D., director of the Division of Tumor Cell Biology and co-leader of the Breast Cancer Research Program at City of Hope in Duarte, Calif.
Previous research has shown that pomegranate juice — punica granatum L — is high in antioxidant activity, which is generally attributed to the fruit's high polyphenol content. Ellagic acid found in pomegranates inhibits aromatase, an enzyme that converts androgen to estrogen. Aromatase plays a key role in breast carcinogenesis; therefore, the growth of breast cancer is inhibited.
Chen, along with Lynn Adams, Ph.D., a research fellow at Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, and colleagues, evaluated whether phytochemicals in pomegranates can suppress aromatase and ultimately inhibit cancer growth.
After screening and examining a panel of 10 ellagitannin-derived compounds in pomegranates, the investigators found that those compounds have the potential to prevent estrogen-responsive breast cancers. Urolithin B, which is a metabolite produced from ellagic acid and related compounds, significantly inhibited cell growth.
"We were surprised by our findings," said Chen. "We previously found other fruits, such as grapes, to be capable of the inhibition of aromatase. But, phytochemicals in pomegranates and in grapes are different."
According to Gary Stoner, Ph.D., professor in the Department of Internal Medicine at Ohio State University, additional studies will be needed to confirm the chemopreventive action of Urolithin B against hormone-dependent breast cancer.
"This is an in vitro study in which relatively high levels of ellagitannin compounds were required to demonstrate an anti-proliferative effect on cultured breast cancer cells," said Stoner, who is not associated with this study. "It's not clear that these levels could be achieved in animals or in humans because the ellagitannins are not well absorbed into blood when provided in the diet."
Stoner believes these results are promising enough to suggest that more experiments with pomegranate in animals and humans are warranted.
Powel Brown, M.D., Ph.D., medical oncologist and chairman of the Clinical Cancer Prevention Department at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, agreed with Stoner's sentiments and said these results are intriguing. He recommended that future studies focus on testing pomegranate juice for its effect on estrogen levels, menopausal symptoms, breast density or even as a cancer preventive agent.
"More research on the individual components and the combination of chemicals is needed to understand the potential risks and benefits of using pomegranate juice or isolated compounds for a health benefit or for cancer prevention," Brown said. "This study does suggest that studies of the ellagitannins from pomegranates should be continued."
Until then, Stoner said people "might consider consuming more pomegranates to protect against cancer development in the breast and perhaps in other tissues and organs."
Caffeine consumption associated with less severe liver fibrosis
Study finds caffeine in sources other than coffee does not have similar effect
Researchers from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) determined that patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) who consumed more than 308 mg of caffeine daily had milder liver fibrosis. The daily amount of caffeine intake found to be beneficial is equivalent to 2.25 cups of regular coffee. Other sources of caffeine beyond coffee did not have the same therapeutic effect. Details of this study are available in the January 2010 issue of Hepatology, a journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.
Liver fibrosis or scaring of the liver is the second stage of liver disease and characterized by a degradation of liver function due to accumulated connective tissue. Past studies have looked at modifiable behaviors, such as coffee consumption, that mitigate the progression of liver disease. A number of studies have looked at the benefits of higher coffee intake with results that include: lower prevalence of chronic liver disease, reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer), and lower risk of death from cirrhosis complications. "From data collected to date it remains unclear whether coffee itself, or caffeine provides the beneficial effect," said Apurva Modi, M.D. and lead author of the current study that focuses on caffeine intake and its impact on liver fibrosis.
From January 2006 to November 2008 all patients evaluated in the Liver Disease Branch of the National Institutes of Health were asked to complete a questionnaire to determine caffeine consumption. Questions were asked pertaining to all sources of caffeine including regular and diet soft drinks; regular and decaffeinated coffee; black, green, Chinese and herbal teas; cocoa and hot chocolate; caffeine-fortified drinks; chocolate candy; caffeine pills; and medications with caffeine. Participants were asked about their frequency of caffeine consumption, which was quantified as never; 1-3 times per month; 1, 2-4, or 5-6 times per week; 1, 2-3, 4-5, and 6 or more times per day.
The analysis included 177 participants who were undergoing liver biopsy with a mean age of 51 years and mean body mass index (BMI) of 27.5. Of those in the cohort 56% were male, 59% Caucasian, 19% Black, 19% Asian, 3% Hispanic, and 68% had chronic HCV. Daily consumption of caffeine from food and beverages raged from none to 1028 mg/day with an average of 195 mg/day, which is equivalent to 1.4 cups of coffee daily. Most caffeine consumed came from regular coffee (71%) followed by caffeinated soda (13%), and black tea (4%). Repeated administration of the questionnaire within a 6-month period displayed consistent responses suggesting caffeine intake does not significantly change over time.
Patients with an Ishak fibrosis score of less than 3 had a mean caffeine intake of 212 mg/day compared with 154 mg/day for those with more advanced fibrosis. The Ishak fibrosis score is the preferred system that measures degree of liver scarring with 0 representing no fibrosis through 6 indicating cirrhosis. For each 67 mg increase in caffeine consumption (about one half cup of coffee) there was a 14% decrease in the odds of advanced fibrosis for patients with HCV. "Our data suggest that a beneficial effect requires caffeine consumption above a threshold of approximately 2 coffee-cup equivalents daily," noted Dr. Modi. The protective effects of consuming more than 308 mg of caffeine daily persisted after controlling for age, sex, race, liver disease, BMI and alcohol intake for all study participants.
Researchers further evaluated caffeine and coffee separately to determine the individual effect of each on fibrosis. Results showed that consumption of caffeinated soda, green or black tea was not associated with reduced liver fibrosis. However, a significant protective effect could have been missed due to small numbers, as 71% of total caffeine consumed came from coffee. Caffeinated coffee had the most pronounced effect on reduced liver fibrosis. The authors suggest that further research is needed to determine if the protective benefits of coffee/caffeine intake plateau at amounts beyond the daily consumption threshold.
These reports are done with the appreciation of all the Doctors, Scientist, and other
Medical Researchers who sacrificed their time and effort. In order to give people the
ability to empower themselves. Without the base aspirations for fame, or fortune.
Just honorable people, doing honorable things.


The Harbinger recently spoke with Sandy Diao, Head of Global Growth for Indiegogo, a leading crowdfunding platform that has raised over $1b for product innovators. In this interview, Sandy shares her insights on how Indiegogo differentiates by building up a suite of services that addresses the entire lifecycle for hardware companies, how to leverage Indiegogo for market validation and pre-sales, and the role of Shenzhen and Chinese manufacturing in accelerating price, product, and business model innovation.
Adam: Hi Sandy – could you start by explaining what Indiegogo does and how it compares to the other crowdfunding platforms out there?
Sandy: Sure. I think of Indiegogo as a launch pad for the next innovative product. Indiegogo was founded in 2008 as a fund raising platform for the arts, for independent projects that would otherwise not be able to find funding (e.g. from traditional venture capital). In addition to that, it's a type of fundraising mechanism that allows you to directly access your customers or your fans. In 2015, we started to see that there was a very strong sticking point with companies offering products and tangible rewards to receive support from their backers donated in the form of dollars. And it was really at that time that we had some of our early, monumental hardware successes on the platform, including: Jibo a home social robot, also Skully an AR motorcycle helmet, etc.
So fast track to how we are doing now, Indiegogo is used by small and medium sized startups, to large enterprises like Bose and P&G alike, and it's used as market validation to test whether or not these new products that we want to offer to consumers are compelling to them, and also a great way for you to get early market traction. So one of the ways Indiegogo really stands out is that we focus on helping businesses build their businesses effectively. Instead of considering crowdfunding as a one-off sales event, we think of it as the first step to gaining market traction. There's a lot more to come after the initial crowd funding – you actually need to ship products, rebuild relationships with logistic partners, shipping partners, manufacturing partners, and with distribution partners. We care about the entire lifecycle and we put a big emphasis on enabling and facilitating business success throughout that process.
Adam: So does Indiegogo focus primarily on electronic products and smart hardware? For example, whether it's Kickstarter, or Gofundme, often times they crowd fund for events, for music, or even personal initiatives and activities.
Sandy: That would be correct in terms of our positioning and who we serve best. I think that we don't have a rule on our platform that you can't fundraise for the other things, but given our resources, the way that our page and our entire backend is set up, it's more conducive to companies offering a product–to set up their SKUs, shipping status, etc., and everything else that's evolved in building and delivering a product.
Adam: So for Indiegogo, in terms of how you differentiate against some of the other crowd-funding platforms, is that based on having a better product and set of services specifically built for the types of product companies you typically crowdfund for?
Sandy: That is correct. And I want to expand a bit on that point. Our platform is made for the product builders and makers, and we strongly believe that service is at the core of everything that Indiegogo offers. We really understand who our customers are. For example, in order to help more Chinese brands and manufacturers export their brands to western countries like the US or Europe, we've created a special program called Indiegogo China Fast-Track that enables a company to go from zero knowledge of how to set up a campaign to launching one that raises millions of dollars. One part of this special program is in-language services: being able to provide materials in Chinese language, being able to understand the unique needs and hurdles of working in a foreign country and foreign market. So we really do tailor all of our services wherever possible to the customer that we want to help succeed.
Adam: We all know that Shenzhen (or China in general) is a manufacturing hub, but when it comes to selling to other markets, there are a number of different areas that require localized expertise – e.g. marketing, understanding the local taste and culture. Can you give a specific example of a company you've worked with that's been through the China Fast-Track initiative… can you provide a bit more detail on the steps and various services you provided along the way?
Sandy: Sure, I can share the story of our work with CKCOM, a client of ours and an audio product manufacturer based in Shenzhen. When I first met with the team, it was very clear to me that this distribution company had always been an OEM. They would effectively white-label their products to other brands so that other brands could sell their products, but they have never had a direct channel to consumers. As an OEM, you have really low margins, so it's very hard for them to profit easily unless they have very large purchase order volumes. I've seen companies in Shenzhen that have struggled with such problems for over a decade. They want to transition from being a middleman to having their own brand. It's aspirational, it's good for business, and it helps them to produce longer term value, so that when they release new products in the future, they don't have to rebuild their customer base every single time.
So CKCOM approached Indiegogo, and we were able to help them pair up with marketing agencies, and also help them identify the specific products that they should launch and offer to US customers. And as a result of that effort, they not only were able to increase their profit margin by over 300%, they were also able to create this evergreen brand that they are now able to use to build out a team, attract talent, and continue to build their operations in the US.
Adam: From what I hear, it sounds like Indiegogo is a very valuable platform that offers early stage companies or some larger companies that are testing their new products a way to really quickly iterate on their ideas. Essentially, getting out a product, getting a market feedback, and really minimizing the cost it takes to launch while also minimizing risk.
Sandy: Right. Another case study that exemplifies this is Bose. They're already one of the world's largest audio products makers, and most already know them for the headphones that they sell. Normally for them, if they want to roll out a new product, it would be in the form of a brick-and-mortar roll out. So they'll determine a few major regions, pick out a few hundred stores to roll out the product, lay down the manufacturing capital, put the units in the shelves, and they use that to test whether or not a product will actually sell.
There are three problems in this strategy. First off, it takes a really long time. Second, they spend a ton of money on that upfront rollout. And third, they actually don't get the direct customer insights because it is Target or Walmart that is actually selling the products, so you don't know who the end customer is. So Bose decided to run an Indiegogo campaign for a new product that they were offering, and they were able to bypass all three of these barriers, and decide whether or not to invest in R&D on a completely new product within a span of three months, versus potentially three years.
Adam: That's a really good example. If you want to test and quickly iterate, it seems that Indiegogo is a really good place to start from. But assuming that the company using your platform wants to scale beyond your platform, where do they go next?
Sandy: Great question. I think the answer is that it really varies depending on the company's goals. And for instance, I have some clients whose goal entirely is to verify whether or not they are making the right decision, and it could be that they have already decided to build this team, and they just need a different iteration of the product, and yet there are other teams that they have already decided they want to completely roll this out, but they just want that a little bit of initial market traction to gain more internal resources. So it really depends on the company's individual goals.
I find also that, a lot of the Chinese companies I work with tend to steer on the later side of the distribution strategy, so they have already distributed the product in China, and it's been a success, and they want to offer variation for a global customer. So normally in those situations, crowd-funding becomes an entirely marketing and branding campaign.
Adam: That's interesting. So I noticed a company called Mobvoi (出门问问), and they sell this wireless ear bud now called TicPods. This is a relatively established company that's done crowdfunding before, and they've raised millions of USD this way. So for them, it seems that they are using Indiegogo as an actual sales channel, a sustainable one.
Sandy: Yeah, I would almost think of it as pre-commerce. Pre-commerce, we find, is typically used in two ways. First, it can be a bit of market validation in the sense that you want to test all of the value propositions that you have put together for these customers, and you have a strong idea in mind of who your customers are, and now it's time to use crowdfunding as a distribution channel to reach those customers. So it's a little bit of testing around of everything you learned, and hopefully you go out of the gateway with all the right messaging and all of the right channels.
The second piece of that is sales, pre-order sales, as some people call it, and this contributes to your annual revenue goals. It's a great way to gain a large amount of sales through short period of time. Crowdfunding is a tool that has a countdown between 30 to 60 days, so it's almost like a flash sale event, and you get people excited to purchase today and right now. You also are able to showcase and reward your customers for backing you early by providing them with discounts. So there are all these e-commerce tactics and tools that you can use to generate more sales [during a 30-day crowfunding campaign] than you might be able to generate in potentially a 6-month period.
Adam: You mentioned the e-commerce component. Indiegogo creates a ton of value, particularly to those hardware companies we talked about earlier. If you're a Chinese company trying to enter the US market, I really can't think of too many online channels. I mean there is Newegg, Amazon, Ebay… and of course Amazon being the largest. Just thinking about it, if some of the companies that come through Indiegogo experience good success, generating millions of dollars of revenue from that, do you ever see Indiegogo become more of a e-commerce platform in itself, and if so, what would it takes for to compete against the likes of Amazon?
Sandy: Well, Amazon has a concept called Amazon Launchpad, which I recommend to a lot of the clients that I work with. Amazon Launchpad is a section on the site for what's hot and new to the platform, while Indiegogo is a hardware-focused distribution channel. When you go on Amazon wanting toilet paper, that's intention-based shopping behavior. However, Indiegogo is more of a site for users that may know what they are interested in, let's say audio for example, but perhaps are also interested to see what's new in the market.
Furthermore, technology is constantly developing, and we all want to make sure that we are using the most cutting-edge tech out there. So you don't come to Indiegogo necessarily with the intention that you want to buy a robot that also has Skype voice call capabilities, but you come to the platform and you see it, and you realize that the use case resonates with you, and then you purchase it. And we call that discovery-oriented shopping. If you have an earlier hardware product… Indiegogo is really valuable because it helps you knock down those adoption barriers by aggregating those early adopter buyers and surfacing your products to be discovered.
Adam: Based on what we've seen, many of the companies that are selling these new hardware products on Indiegogo are Chinese, not all of them, but a large number. I was just curious, despite their best efforts at localized marketing and branding… from a user's perspective, do they care that many of these products are made in China, made by Chinese companies?
Sandy: All manufacturing roads point to Shenzhen. Whether you are an innovator in the US or Europe, the supply chain goes back to China at some point. You take your first trip here, you land and you are just blown away by everything that's possible. What I really want to emphasize is that China is not necessarily what people thought it to be years ago.
What's interesting for Indiegogo as a crowdfunding platform that very proactively features Chinese products, is that our users see the Chinese companies as more capable of effectively managing their supply chain, reducing cost, and ensuring production in ways that non-Chinese companies can't. For that reason, we find that Indiegogo is able to create a balanced, level playing field for [Chinese companies] in a way that I believe many other platforms are not able to do, even Amazon and other big platforms that focus on mature product sales.
Adam: Let's focus a bit more on Shenzhen in general. For those who have never been there, can you describe the supply chain, what really blows you away there?
Sandy: The supply chain in Shenzhen is at your fingertips. Your manufacturing facilities and all related resources are next door. When you go to Shenzhen and you attend any form of the meet up or events, or even just go meet a company, the first thing they will say to you is that they can drive down to their factory that is 40 minutes away from here to show you how things are going. That's the luxury of manufacturing and developing the products that we will never have here in the United States.
For anyone to manage manufacturing from a world away is incredibly difficult and often times out of your control. For someone based in the US you'd need to hop on a plane and fly to Hong Kong then cross the border to Shenzhen and then from Shenzhen take a taxi-cab down to your plant. I think the access to your entire supply chain within a 40-minute ride is incredible and it allows companies there to be extremely fast, extremely lean, and generally be capable of capturing market opportunities when it comes to creating products around big trends in a way that I don't think is possible here in Silicon Valley.
Adam: What does such manufacturing capability allow Chinese companies to do in terms of new product or business model innovation? For example, Xiaomi started off selling smartphones, and eventually started investing in a lot of smart hardware companies and created an ecosystem around that. They are now one of the largest sellers of smart hardware and IoT devices in China and increasingly going overseas. That's just one example, but in general what should a Western audience aim to learn from such developments?
Sandy: Xiaomi is a good case study. Xiaomi has achieved brand recognition and trust for all of its products. If you are a 3rd party brand and you get absorbed into Xiaomi ecosystem, you get to tap into their massive distribution system through physical stores and online channels, and branding via media outlets that achieve your customers' trust right away. One of the ways that they are able to do that is through price innovation. It's offering a product that a customer really wants at a really low price and at a quality that they trust and they deserve.
Here at Indiegogo that's a trend I identified a few years ago. In 2015 we saw the first variation of a smartphone gimbal stabilizer being offered at $300. With a year's time, a Chinese company was able to innovate on that and offer a product at half the price. The reason that is so important is because a product is innovative not necessarily because its technology is great, but because it's commercially viable. You can put the product into the hands of the customers and have them actively use it in their lives. I think that's one thing that Xiaomi and a lot of the Chinese hardware companies taught myself and a lot of companies on our platform nowadays.
Adam: Can you talk more about how that could be brought to the US. Is that model even possible in the US?
Sandy: Just my perspective, but I believe that the US retail and ecommerce industry has evolved into a state that is quite different from China.
One of the primary differences is based on how centralized channels of distribution are in China, where they focus on removing barriers of adoption through lowering the price point and making it affordable to the mass consumer. While in the United States, the retail distribution network is incredibly decentralized. In order to meet your revenue goals, you not only need to sell your own brand through the website, you also have to distribute on Amazon. For example, Newegg is servicing those interested in computer components and gaming devices, but they also have Best Buy for consumer products at a lower price point. There isn't really an all-eggs-in-one-basket strategy for distribution in the US as there is in China. With Xiaomi's distribution, you can afford to put all your eggs in one basket… you get funding, branding, customer trust, distribution.
Adam: Could we see concepts like the Xiaomi store coming to the US? The concept of having an outline store where we can experience a lot of cool and smart hardware products whether it's from China or not, enabling users to actually play with a lot of things and then make a decision to buy.
Sandy: That touches on the idea of O2O marketing that does not happen so much in the US. From a marketing standpoint that would be an online-to-offline cross-platform retargeting & remarketing. Let's say you saw an ad online on Wechat or on the website, you want to try out the product in a store and you purchase it. In the US, we call a form of this "reverse show-rooming", and one of the examples of that is BestBuy. You don't really buy things from BestBuy anymore unfortunately, but you like to try it out and see if you like it. If you do you will price compare with Amazon and you will buy it there.
In terms of showcasing hardware products, there's much to be desired. There have been a few companies here like B8ta. Target also has its own IoT smart hardware showcase, BestBuy, Bed Bath & Beyond are also trying something similar. Everyone understands that with smart devices they need to showcase how they work, otherwise the majority consumers won't be convinced to make the purchase. One of the challenges is that the product requires so much demonstration and explanation that just putting the product inside a showroom does not help customers understand how it works. One way that some companies are trying to solve this offline retail challenge in the US is using the format of videos and more interactive media. There are existing companies offering solutions such as VR goggles, VR videos and even AR displays to showcase those interactive situations, but I think that how that become successful remains to be seen in the United States.


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Home » News Centre » Deputation to the Ottawa Police Services Board on the Traffic Stop Race Data Collection Project
Removing the "Canadian experience" barrier
OHRC Response to the Race Data and Traffic Stops in Ottawa Report
4. Responses to the researchers' report results
6. Steps for further action
Deputation to the Ottawa Police Services Board on the Traffic Stop Race Data Collection Project
Social Areas:
Discrimination Type:
Organizational Responsibility:
Deputation to the Ottawa Police Services Board on the
Traffic Stop Race Data Collection Project
Renu Mandhane
Chief Commissioner, Ontario Human Rights Commission
Thank you for the opportunity to talk about the OPS's Traffic Stop Race Data Collection Project. My deputation will be available online this afternoon, and the Ontario Human Rights Commission's full report with our analysis of the findings will be available on our website tomorrow. This project was based on a 2012 settlement between the Ottawa Police Services Board and the Commission, after Chad Aiken, a young Black man, filed a human rights complaint alleging racial profiling.
As part of the settlement, the OPS agreed that its officers would collect race-based data on traffic stops for two years beginning in 2013. The OPS fully complied with the settlement and even went beyond what was required in its data collection efforts, resulting in a comprehensive police data collection initiative.
But collecting data is just one part of the story– and it is secondary to the devastating personal experiences of people like Chad Aiken whose rights are often ignored, and who face great personal risk, all because of the colour of their skin or their religion.
Racial profiling can cause trauma and lasting damage…
There is no pleasure in simple tasks like driving to the corner store or walking down the street when you know there is a good chance that you will be pulled over or stopped, even if you have done nothing wrong.
There is a pervasive fear and anxiety that takes hold when police look at you with suspicion – again even if you have done nothing wrong.
And you are hesitant to challenge the way you are being treated, or even to come forward to report crimes, because police hold the power in your interaction.
All too often when people like Mr. Aiken come forward to speak about racial discrimination, they are dismissed as being overly sensitive or not having enough proof that their experience is systemic – the "a few bad apples" defence. This quick dismissal or denial of the lived experience of racialized and Indigenous people has resulted in a renewed focus on human rights data collection as the means to prove that "racism is real."
That is why it is so disappointing to the Commission and racialized communities, when institutions continue to deny the existence of systemic racism in the face of clear quantitative data – data that supports the qualitative data like Mr. Aiken's personal experience.
Results suggest racial profiling
And that's why we are disappointed by recent comments that the OPS data does not "prove" racial profiling. Especially when considered together with the personal accounts that led to the data being collected in the first place, the findings are alarming, are entirely consistent with racial profiling, and cannot and should not be easily explained away.
The researchers found that Black and Middle Eastern people experienced disproportionately high incidences of traffic stops, just as Mr. Aiken alleged in his human rights application. Black drivers were stopped 2.3 times more than you would expect based on their driving population, and Middle Eastern drivers were stopped 3.3 times more often. In fact, even "Middle Eastern" female drivers were stopped almost three times more than their representation in the driving population. This was the highest disproportion of any of the women included in the review.
Young male Black drivers aged 16-24, were stopped 8.3 times more than would be expected based on their driving population. And young male Middle Eastern drivers were stopped 12 times more. Another concern is the result of the traffic stops of Black, Indigenous, Middle Eastern and other racialized drivers.
The researchers concluded that "there was a greater propensity that these four racialized minority groups were traffic-stopped for nothing serious enough to be warned or charged, when compared with the White group."
We see this as another indicator that systemic racial profiling may be at play.
Does the data "prove" racial profiling?
The OPS and others have asserted that the researchers' findings do not "prove" racial profiling. However, the research was not designed to prove causation, nor could quantitative research on its own generally prove that systemic racism is the cause of disparities. But the significant degree of disproportions uncovered by the data – especially when combined with the accounts of Mr. Aiken and many other racialized people – cannot be explained away by non-discriminatory factors alone.
The results from the OPS data collection project must be interpreted in the context of the historical relationship between police and racialized and Indigenous communities in Ottawa and in Canada more generally. In many recent cases, courts and tribunals have found racial profiling to be behind seemingly neutral police interactions with racialized and Indigenous peoples. They have accepted that racial profiling can rarely be identified by direct evidence, and will more often be established by circumstantial evidence and inference.
The high disproportionalities found in this report are just the kind of strong circumstantial evidence decision-makers are talking about when looking at racial profiling.
What does "consistent with systemic racial profiling"mean?
In some cases, the racial disproportionality in traffic stops could be explained by individual officer bias, whether implicit or explicit. Implicit officer bias stems from unconscious stereotypes, and explicit bias arises from conscious stereotypes. Courts and tribunals have recognized that racial stereotyping will usually be the result of subtle unconscious beliefs, biases and prejudices.
Less well understood is that racial profiling often arises from systemic or institutionalized discrimination. The results are more likely explained by systemic racial profiling,
When the Commission talks about systemic racial profiling, we are talking about policies and practices, and organizational culture that are part of the social or administrative structure of an organization. These may appear neutral, but may result in situations where racialized or Indigenous peoples tend to be singled out for greater scrutiny.
These policies or practices may be the product of unconscious racial biases. While these practices may not have been designed to specifically target particular racialized groups, the data shows that this was the outcome. Examples where bias could be at play include routine or "normal" policing practices, such as officer deployment, intelligence gathering activities, and stopping people who are perceived to be "out of place" in a neighbourhood.
For example, suggestions that the deployment of more officers is needed in "high-crime" areas or that residents in priority neighbourhoods want police to be active and visible cannot justify stop practices that have a disparate impact on racialized people. In short, when communities ask you to be present in their neighbourhoods, this cannot result in over-broad policing of innocent people, and it cannot lead to fishing expeditions.
In fact, a police deployment strategy that leads to greater traffic stops for racialized people in "high crime" areas is likely itself be a form of systemic racial profiling. Greater numbers of traffic patrols in racialized neighbourhoods means that racialized people are more likely to be targeted for minor offences, such as traffic offences, compared to White people in other neighbourhoods who may be committing the same offences.
These actions, especially when repeated regularly, can have a disturbing impact on the dignity of racialized people – as we saw with Mr. Aiken's experience. We simply cannot cause some of the most marginalized people in our society to live in fear and hopelessness.
Misconceptions about racial profiling, systemic racism
Our opinion about the data is based on our deep experience working on the issue of racial profiling in policing for more than decade. Throughout this time, there have been many misunderstandings about what racial profiling actually means. When we talk about "systemic racial profiling," police leaders sometimes think we are calling police officers racist. We are not.
The Commission defines racial profiling as any action undertaken for reasons of safety, security or public protection that relies on stereotypes about race, colour, ethnicity, ancestry, religion or place of origin rather than on reasonable suspicion, to single out an individual for greater scrutiny or different treatment. Racial profiling is a particularly damaging form of racial discrimination; and it undermines the relationship between police and racialized and Indigenous individuals, families and communities – just as Mr. Aiken's trust was undermined.
Lack of trust in policing has negative implications for the justice system, including the risk of people not reporting crime and not cooperating with police. In short, racial profiling has a huge potential to undermine public safety.
As part of our own strategic planning process, the OHRC recently consulted nearly 300 individuals representing more than 80 community and advocacy groups across Ontario, independent officers of the legislature and other stakeholders. Throughout this process, we consistently heard concerns about systemic discrimination in policing, especially related to African Canadians, Muslim and Arab Canadians, other racialized communities, Indigenous peoples, and people with mental health disabilities.
So we are making work related to removing systemic discrimination in the criminal justice sector one of our priorities.
Others are also concerned about racial profiling: U.N.
And we're not the only organization that is concerned about racial profiling in policing and the criminal justice system in general. I note that the African Canadian Legal Clinic is also before you today to speak about systemic racism in policing. And the United Nations Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent, who visited Ottawa last month, found "clear evidence that racial profiling is endemic in the strategies and practices used by law enforcement."
The working group urged the Government to "develop and implement an African Canadian Justice Strategy to address the anti-Black racism and discrimination within the criminal justice system."
Tulloch review
The Ontario government is also concerned about what's happening in our communities, and has appointed Justice Tulloch of the Court of Appeal for Ontario to review the Office of the Independent Police Review Director, Special Investigations Unit and the Ontario Civilian Police Commission. The government's appointment of Justice Tulloch was called in part in response to growing concerns about the increasingly strained relationship between police and community. Concerns that are being heard loud and clear in Ottawa in light of recent high profile incidents.
Need for action now
Although other decision-makers are at various stages in their work on systemic racial profiling, there is some work that the Ottawa Police Service needs to do now. The results of the data report highlight the need for all police services across Ontario, including the OPS, to put in place meaningful and effective measures to prevent and eliminate all forms of racial profiling. And the OPS needs to step up and acknowledge that something is wrong, and commit to doing something about it. Positive change must come from the police themselves, from the chief and board on down.
Police chiefs and boards must…
Acknowledge systemic discrimination in policing
Collect data to identify the many circumstances where racial profiling occurs
Enact policies and procedures to eliminate discrimination
Encourage independent monitoring and accountability
And discipline officers who engage in discrimination.
These are the steps I'm urging you to take today. I encourage you to re-conceptualize your idea of community policing. Holding meetings is not enough – you also need ongoing, frequent and meaningful dialogue between officers specifically attached to specific areas and the residents who live in them. Ideally, these officers would reflect the communities they serve.
This will require targeted recruitment of racialized and Indigenous officers. In this way, crime prevention would be centered around partnerships with the community and shared goals. While community consultation is important, it does not replace actively reassessing core policing activities that result in the kind of disproportions we see in the data report.
So beyond the steps the OPS is proposing, it needs to dig deeper to examine itself and reassess its activities.
For the required systemic change to happen, it is important that police services don't focus their efforts on denying racial profiling and managing community expectations. Instead, they must publicly commit to changing their practices, developing a human rights organization change plan, and then doing the hard work required to make that happen.
Accountability throughout the system
Police services can only succeed if they have the support and the trust of the communities they serve. The Data Collection Project provides evidence of inequitable practices that are likely eroding that trust. As members of the Ottawa Police Services Board, you are in the position to put a vision in place for respecting human rights – and to hold officers accountable when they are not respected.
At the board level, I call on you to mandate human rights-based data collection, like the traffic stop data, to measure and evaluate the extent to which the OPS is meeting its human rights obligations. It is critical for the Board to set up an independent monitoring committee to look at the OPS's compliance with its policy on racial profiling, and evaluate the OPS's progress as a measure over time.
I call on you to take corrective action to address systemic discrimination. Pursuing accountability is not about placing blame.
Powerful institutions must accept responsibility when things go wrong – this is a key way to rebuild trust and make our communities safer.
Accountability – Sjaarda
I'm not asking for anything new here. The OPS has a history as a leader in collecting human rights-based data to build accountability. For example, also on the agenda today is discussion of data collected as part a human rights settlement relating to gender equity in the service.
We were pleased to see that the OPS has conducted a gender audit which re-affirmed that it has work to do to improve women's equality in the OPS and identified areas of particular concern. Gender audits and similar initiatives allow organizations to determine if there are systemic barriers affecting Code-protected groups and to identify what they are.
Perhaps what we are most pleased about is how the OPS has acknowledged that it has systemic issues to address to ensure gender equality. The OPS has met the requirements of the first deadline in the Minutes of Settlement, and has made a clear commitment to fulfill the remaining requirements.
We call on the OPS to take the same steps in dealing with the Traffic Stop Data Report. We urge you to look beyond the numbers to the systemic issues that are clearly at play.We urge you to acknowledge and be accountable for your policies, procedures, and operations which are making it possible for racial profiling to happen. And we urge you to look at your organizational culture to make sure it is a culture of inclusion, not one of inadvertent exclusion.
The Commission is actively monitoring the steps that the Ottawa Police Service is taking to deal with the issues of racial profiling. As always, we would be happy to provide strategic advice to help you meet your legal obligation to provide non-discriminatory police services to the diverse community you serve.
It's the least we can do for Chad Aiken and everyone else who has not enjoyed the same rights that all Ontarians are entitled to.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
WIA President
Partners and Patrons
Carine Kiala
CEO Nuru Consulting
Carine Kiala is a Senior Associate at the Boston Consulting Group in Luanda, Angola. She holds a MA and BAdmin degree in International Relations from the University of Pretoria in South Africa, with majors in African Politics and International Political Economy. She has authored a wide range of publications across genres, including the critical paperback "The Politics of Trade in the Southern African Customs Union (SACU): prospect of a SACU-China free trade agreement", as well as a series of the coffee-table books, the latest being "Discover Angola | 探索安哥拉 | Descobrir Angola".
She launched her career in academia, where she dedicated herself to studying Africa-China relations. Carine previously worked as a senior analyst at the Centre for Chinese Studies (CCS) in South Africa and consulted for Angola's Centre for Strategic Studies (Centro de Estudos Estratégicos de Angola – CEEA), after which she pursued a career in foreign affairs as Secretary (Economic) at the Consulate General of the Republic of Angola in Hong Kong SAR.
Carine is a member of the Global Shapers Community, an initiative of the World Economic Forum. Also a member of the African Leadership Network, she is passionate and committed to Africa's socio-economic transformation and empowers decision-makers with the intelligence necessary for more efficient and responsible policy development. In her spare time, Carine enjoys collaborating with progressive thinkers, participating in youth outreach and spending quality time in the good company of family and friends.


text:
Antel Land, Southville Set to Open New Cavite School in 2020
Antel Land and Southville International School and Colleges (SISC) signed an agreement to launch the first globally accredited international school in General Trias. This is the eighth international school to become part of the Southville Global Education Network (SGEN).
Southville International School and Colleges is an internationally awarded education institution consistently producing students who are considered some of the best both in the Philippines and overseas. Southville has been awarded the Investors in People UK Gold award, ISO 9001:2015 certification, International Baccalaureate accreditation, Western Association of Schools and Colleges(WASC) accreditation, School of the future by DepEd, and many more. Just in 2019, Southville students have been accepted into the Top-10 Ranked Universities in the world such as Imperial College London, received scholarship offers from universities in Hong Kong and the United Kingdom and a Southville alumni Sean Borja was ranked the #1 new lawyer in the 2018 Philippine Bar Exam. Southville is also the school of choice of several well-known personalities such as actresses Jodi Sta. Maria, Heaven Peralejo, Winwyn Marquez, and Liza Soberano. Leaders from the business sector, government, and the expat community trust Southville with one of the most important decisions in their lives – the education of their children.
Ms. Marie Vic Suarez, SISC Principal and Mr. Daniel Steel, SGEN Communications Director introduced Southville's programmes to Antel Land officials.
Since 1986, Antel Group of Companies has been a pioneer in the Real Estate industry, with over 500 hectares of prime property being developed and landbanked. Being both land owner and developer, the company has grown a diverse portfolio ranging from horizontal and commercial developments, mid and high-rise residential buildings, corporate towers, malls and township communities. With over 30 years of experience and expertise, Antel Land guarantees the perfect place for Southville to expand its legacy as an academic institution adhering to the utmost global perspective of quality education.
"We're very happy to have Southville bring their expertise in providing world class education to Antel Grand Village. It a welcome addition to our exclusive and mixed use development in Cavite. It will benefit not only our growing residents but the surrounding communities as well. Southville is a top choice as it matches our discerning and exclusive demographic and is timely to support the rapid development of the Kawit-Gen Trias-Tanza growth corridor of Cavite." according to Kyle Lao, Vice President of Antel Land.
For families interested in having a more relaxed environment away from the traffic of Metro Manila, Antel Grand Village is a luxurious community located only 30 minutes away from Mall of Asia via the Cavite Expressway (Cavitex). It offers the comforts of a relaxed environment near the city and ensures that children receive an education that matches any institution in the world. AGV is also the first and only self-contained island community, south of Metro Manila, with more than 170 hectares of carefully master planned residential villages, social and commercial districts, and a 1.7 hectare clubhouse, all in the midst of verdant scenery and breath-taking riverside vistas.
"The entire Southville community is excited for the opening of our new SGEN school in partnership with Antel Land. In celebration of our 30th year, this is momentous for us in our efforts to bring international education beyond our current location to destinations and communities in the country. We would like students to have access to our brand of international education, giving them global opportunities when they graduate and what better place to start it than in Antel Grand Village.
Ms. Jocelyn P. Tizon
SISC President


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Merlefest Announces Line-Up
Merlefest, the annual folk music festival held in Wilkesboro, N.C., has announced its 2009 line-up.
Merlefest 2009 will showcase a great number and variety of musicians in a four-day celebration of cross-generation, cross-genre traditional and roots music. The event, which will take place April 23-26 on the campus of Wilkes Country Community College, has booked over 90 acts on 15 stages. According to festival director Ted Hagaman, however, the roster is not set in stone yet. "MerleFest is known for surprises and special moments," he said. "We still have a couple of things in the works, so we encourage MerleFest fans to keep checking our website (http://www.merlefest.org/) for updates to our talent line up."
The festival, now in its 22nd year, is hosted by folk legend Doc Watson in honor of his son Eddy Merle Watson and the Watson family's contribution to American music. As the largest folk festival in the United States, it has become famous for its unique display of what Watson calls "traditional-plus" music- the traditional folk sounds of Appalachia complemented with spontaneous jamming and new musical collaborations.
Tickets will go on sale Tuesday, November 11th at 2:00 p.m. EST. Purchases can be made at www.merlefest.org, or by calling 1-800-343-7857. Check out the festival website for the full artist line-up, to sign up for the MerleFest e-newsletter, and for volunteer opportunities.
A few highlights in the line-up are:
Doc Watson
Sam Bush
Tony Rice
The Carolina Chocolate Drops
The Circuit Riders
Donna The Buffalo
The Duhks
Del McCoury Band
The Peter Rowan Bluegrass Band
Travis Tritt and Jerry Douglas
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About two-thirds of Oakland lies in the flat plain of the East Bay, with one-third rising into the foothills and hills of the East Bay range. July in Port Rowan. Eddie Rickenbacker and Navy Lt. John served in Capitan Al Donnelly's Company. Being a Loyalist, he received acres along the St. Isaac Fraser, late Lieutenant Militia Dragoons on duty in " John Clark requested James' recollections of the war. The city and its environs quickly grew with the railroads, becoming a major rail terminal in the late s and s. The United States Census Bureau says the city's total area is Tensions between the black community and the largely white police force were high, as expectations during the civil rights era increased to gain social justice and equality before the law. Quarantine measures were set in place at the Oakland ports requiring the authorities at the port to inspect the arriving vessels for the presence of infected rats. It was built the same year as a 30 by 40 feet building on the northwest corner of Yates and St. In , Abraham Jr. He suffered severely by the rebels — was tarred and feathered for his loyalty during the war. A sampling from the statements reads: His headstone indicates that he was born in , as he died January 18 aged 77 years, 6 months and 10 days. Family tradition holds that Peter was the first pioneer child to be born in Grantham Township. Nathan has the only documented son Abraham in the time period. The actual fighting lasted about 45 minutes and by the early morning light, American soldiers were seen running away from the battlefield, leaving their dead and wounded behind and much of their equipment and baggage. Not many would live that long to collect this war pension. Burch had been avoiding taking the oath, but was finally driven out with all his staff. I descend from Hannah and Alexander, although I am still looking for some of those elusive early lineage proofs. Chapin gave me his sword. As well as James Cotter Jr. He was captured at Elizabethtown along with others in February , but was later exchanged for American prisoners.
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The first ever Iron Chef Dominica, a Vetivert Inc. production was hosted by The Anchorage Hotel, Whale Watch & Dive Centre on Thursday Night 12TH July as a new event on the Dive Fest 2012 Calendar.
The ingredients were revealed to the chefs and the public. With the theme ingredient the "Lion Fish" and accompany ingredients supplied by Astaphans. Set up of the cooking stations were set up with the help of Sukie's Gas to heat up the competition. The Theme is significant to Dive Fest 2012 as we seek to raise awareness of this fish which is taking over the reefs and needs to be culled.
Judges: Ronald Astaphan of Guiyave Restaurant, Patisserie & Catering Services, Erica Burnett-Biscombe owner of La Robe Creole in Dominica for 36 years, Andrew O'Brien of Portsmouth of Cobra Tours, Janice Armour Dominica's Tourism Pioneer, Ambassador Carmen Martinez de Grijalva of The Bolivian republic of Venezuela.
The Chefs had 30 minutes on Center-Stage to produce a starter and a main course using as many of the 'mystery ingredients' and the Theme Lionfish ingredient which were revealed 15 minutes earlier. The 2 dishes were tasted & judged by the 5 judges.
4. Chefs were asked to come equipped with their tools including their favourite skillets, small saucepan(s), utensils and of-course knives and a good chopping board.
Emerging First Runner up was Mr. Lester George of Rosalie Bay and the winner of Dominica's First Iron Chef was Mrs. Jessica Pinard-Byrne Yard, Food Enthusiast and Entrepreneur.
Jessica produced for her starter a Citrus Ceviche using slivers of skinless boneless Lion Fish, salt and black pepper, chives (green onion), parsley, white wine, fresh Lime juice and diced tomatoes served in sweet pepper cups on a bed of lettuce.Her entrée comprised of a Pan Seared Lion Fish infused with ginger, chives, parsley, lime and white wine stuffed whole with a Pumpkin Couscous, served with Parsley Basmati Rice and Stir fried caramelized greens (string beans, spinach & cabbage).
Her hair gave the dishes that extra hit of flavor! go Jess go!
Dive Fest is doing good things and Achorage really took its initiative bringing this concept alive. I think this kind of competition can do a lot for Dominica. The facinating factor in this competition is that out of 5 competitors Jessica was the only woman and she is a food enthusiaste. She knows her stuff and I think as the 1st Iron Chef she can really do a lot for this competition in years to come. From a woman's stand point, she is certainly representing! Congrats Jessica and to all the chefs who competited, they have set the bar high for others to follow and they will.
Great start. Now they should try to create new innovative dishes and encourage people to be more creative with our local ingredients.
As a child, I never got tired of boiled dasheen, yams, bananas and stew fish served six days a week. But I don't know that I could stomach the same thing over and over again.
There is so much that can be done with our local stuff. I hope they build on that. Great work guys.
Absolutely splendid event of skills, creativity, style and class. The chefs were so experienced and they served 5 star foods. As for Chef Jessica, how did you come up with the idea to stuff the fish? That was very creative, distinguished and first-rate, your reputation precedes you. Keep living your dreams Chef Jess and to all the other chefs, job well done. Waiting for sequel next year.
good observation cotton. that leaves us to wonder as to the judging criteria. Is it just the food and presetation or the overall apperance and presentation of the individual and the dish they present. After all, i would hope this event is held to enlighten the public looking on, aspiring chefs, cooks and food vendors.
They more focused on hating someone than to sit and read before commenting. If they had read the judging criteria, they would not feel so bad right now. Hey give it up for the woman.
that is a good twist to this activity. well done guys.
Congrats Lester . You did well to place second in this novel contest . keep it up. Proud ah you.
sounds so interesting!! Congrats to all for participating!!
Jessicia is the only one without her hair covered, the enviromental department, always mention the need for the hair to be covered, while prepering food and here is a winner cooking with her hair not covered.
stop hating she still won..shes an unqualified chef and she beat she qualified ones.
Congrats Jess. Still cookin up a storm I see.


text:
Q: Reload callback not working The list is not updating when I trigger reload callback function after modal close.
 // Inside my view
 <div tasty-table
             bind-resource-callback="showStudents.loadAllStudentsRecords"
             bind-init="showStudents.init"
             bind-reload="reloadCallback"

// Inside my controller
...
Other implementations here
...
vm.reloadCallback = function () { alert("Called"); };

vm.delete = function (studId) {

        // Show modal
        var modalInstance = $uibModal.open({
            templateUrl: 'AppScripts/Views/Student/DeleteStudent.html',
            controller: 'DeleteStudentCtrl as deleteStudent',
            backdrop  : 'static',
            keyboard  : false,
            resolve: {
                studentId: function () {
                    return studId;
                }
            }
        });

        modalInstance.result.then(function (status) {
            if (status === 'ok')
            {
                vm.reloadCallback();
            }
        });

The alert was executed when i call the reloadCallback function but the list is not updated
By the way im using "controller as" syntax.

A: Because of incomplete code i'm not able to understand which method you are using to close the modal window. Check working Plunkr here. Hope it will solve your problem. https://plnkr.co/edit/LnV021AjBXhamG8ygLp1?p=preview
var app = angular.module('plunker', ['ngAnimate','ui.bootstrap']);

app.controller('MainCtrl', function($scope, $uibModal) {
    $scope.name = 'World';
    $scope.studentId = "123"
    $scope.reloadCallback = function(){
        alert("Call back")
    }
   $scope.showModal = function(){
      var modalInstance = $uibModal.open({
           templateUrl: 'deletestudent.html',
           controller: 'DeleteStudentCtrl as deleteStudent',
           backdrop  : 'static',
           keyboard  : false,
           resolve: {
               studentId: function () {
                   return $scope.studentId;
               }
           }
       });
       modalInstance.result.then(function (status) {
           if (status === 'ok'){
               $scope.reloadCallback();
           }
       });
    }
});

app.controller('DeleteStudentCtrl', function($scope, $uibModalInstance,    studentId) {
     console.log(studentId);
     $scope.closeMe = function(){
          $uibModalInstance.close('ok');
    }
})

Documentation for modal https://github.com/angular-ui/bootstrap/tree/master/src/modal/docs

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange