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http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri1947/dec1947/gr_l-880_1947.html
PHILIPPINE JURISPRUDENCE - FULL TEXT
The Lawphil Project - Arellano Law Foundation
G.R. No. L-880 December 17, 1947
PEOPLE OF THE PHIL. vs. FORTUNATO MUÑOZ
THE PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, plaintiff-appellee,
FORTUNATO MUÑOZ, (alias FORTUNAO VIZCARRA), defendant-appellant.
Delfin Gonzales for appellant.
Assistant Solicitor General Carmelino G. Alvendia and Solicitor Isidro C. Borromeo for appellee.
PERFECTO, J.:
The substance of the testimonies of the eight witnesses for the prosecution is as follows:
1. Adelaida Villareyes, 25 single, resident of Bamban, Tarlac, testified that in September, 1943, she was in Tapuak, Bamban, with the Americans Captain Bruce and Lt. James Hart, and Zinghine, and a Filipino named Jose Raagas. They were in their hideout in a small hut. There were plenty of tall grasses and bamboo thicket. Captain Bruce was forming a guerrilla organization. "I was the supply officer and I was nursing them." At 5 o'clock in the morning of September 3, 1943, the hideout was raided by Japanese constabulary and spies. "That morning we were sleeping soundly and we had a little dog named Daisy. This dog started making noise inside the mosquito net and we all woke up. Then we heard the noise of so many people coming and they opened fire so we finally dropped to the ground and stayed there for a while until the firing was over. After the firing was over, I crawled and I wanted to get away because the place was surrounded by Japanese, constabulary men and spies." the spies were Jose Arquiola, Garcia, Mateo Lacsina, and Fortunato Muñoz, the accused. When the Americans "were already tied up, Fortunato came, and I saw him with Hart's shoes and his flight overall, and a small bag, and the .45 caliber revolver that used The Fortunato Muñoz, the accused. When the Americans "were already tied up, Fortunato came, and I saw him with Hart's shoes and his flight overall, and a small bag, and the .45 caliber revolver that used to belong to Hart. When I was grabbed by the Japanese — there was no other trail, and as I happened to look at the stream I saw Lt. hart lying there. His back was against the bank of the stream. I saw a hole on his forehead they grabbed me and took me where Zinghine was and tied me. Zinghine "was tied up when I got there like I was, hands behind his back." Captain Bruce and Raagas "got away." From the place "they walked us and when we got by the gold mine, we sat there for a while, and then we continued to the garrison." There were guns in the Bambang garrison, "When we got there they untied me and took me to another office inside the garrison and asked me questions if there are other guerrillas and more Americans, and I said no. The next day they took us to Capas jail; we stayed there two and a half days and then they took us back to Bamban." In Capas the Japanese asked them about guerrillas. After six days in Bamban, "they took me to Magalang." In the Magalang Japanese garrison "I stayed there almost three months. I was captured on April 3, 1943, and was released on December 7, 1943. I went back to the mountains and joined Captain Bruce and the rest of the guerrillas that they used to have while I was away." While in Bamban, she saw guerrillas being tortured. "They (the Japanese and the spies, including Fortunato Muñoz) tortured them everyday just to make them tell if they knew more guerrillas and whatever they wanted to find out. I saw them, and the dipped them into the swimming pool there, and they sat on their stomachs." Since the accused had Lt. Hart's .45 pistol "he had that always. The only spy that was not carrying a gun was Arquiola." The witness was connected with the Luzon Guerrilla Forces, South Tarlac Military District, under Captain Bruce, the organization having been recognized on February 21, 1945. The witness held the rank of captain and was discharged on May 29, 1945.
The witness was held by the Japanese in Magalang for almost three months and she saw that the accused arrived three times with the Japanese. They were all armed and appeared tired. After the raid in which she was captured she saw the accused when she was already tied up and thereafter she saw him every day in the garrison.
2. Jose Raagas, 48, married, residing at Bamban, Tarlac, testified that in September, 1943, he was in Tapuak in the hideout which he made for his American companions, James Hart, Zinghine and Captain Bruce. There was also Deling, the wife of Captain Bruce, whose full name is Adelaida Villareyes. At dawn, on September 3, 1943, they were raided by twenty Japanese soldier, ten constabulary men and four Filipino spies. The latter were Vizcarra, the accused, Garcia and Jose Arquila. He saw the accused Vizcarra carrying a rifle, M-1. "He was lying flat on the ground with the rifle on his hands. I recognized him because he was near me; he was facing the American James Hart who was shot by the accused. I ran away and two constabulary soldiers were chasing me. I went to the top of the hill. I saw them assembled, with Zinghine already captured. I went to look for my other companions." Captain Bruce was the first to run away. On the following day he returned to the place and "I saw the body of James Hart, and our hideout was burned. When I was captured on September 15th and 16th, 1943, in my house, I saw the accused again. When I went to my house to get food for the Americans, my wife told me that Vizcarra and Lacsina went there and were looking for me." "After I had furnished my supper at eleven o'clock that night, the Japanese came. They arrested me, they tied me around my waist like a monkey. I was tied tightly after arriving at the garrison by Vizcarra and Lacsina, and I was made to drink water by the Japanese — water cure. They were forcing me to divulge the whereabouts of Captain Bruce," referring to Vizcarra and Lacsina. "I did not reveal because it was against my conscience, and besides, I was taking care of them." From the garrison he was taken to the Mayor of Bamban. "I was given an appointment as a spy of the Mayor, and he told me to fetch my shotgun from the mountains and surrender it to him." The day following his arrest "I was taken again to the garrison by a policemen and a Japanese. I was again made a spy by the Japanese, and they told me to go to the barrios to look for Americans." He surrendered his shotgun and worked as a spy for the Japanese for about two months. "I just reported every two or three days, and when I was not able to report any American, they dismissed me and told me that I was useless, and they got back my gun." During those two months he sometimes saw the accused joining the Japanese in their raids, and sometimes in the company of three other spies. "He used to go in and out of the Japanese garrison freely. Every time the Japanese went on raid he was always with them." The accused used to carry with him the .45 caliber pistol which belonged to Lt. Hart. The witness recognized it because there was a nail on it instead of a pin. When the accused went out on raids he carried with him a rifle. The witness is connected with the USAFFE Guerrilla, Bamban Battalion, Co. A, under Captain Wage. He knew the accused as a Hukbalahap since 1942. He was a Hukbalahap "until the time he became a spy."
On September 3, 1943 when the raid took place, it was raining and foggy. "When the dog barked we were awakened then, and I said that may be they were Japanese, and Bruce ran away." Zinghine "was inside the mosquito net, sick with malaria, and did not move, so he was captured by the Japanese." Adelaida stayed in the hut. "When the firing began, Bruce already disappeared. I urged Hart to escape but he told me, 'No, I want to shoot a Japanese.' The firing was on, so I went down the hut and lay down. Hart also went down and began to fire also. It was dawn between light and darkness, and the sun was already rising." After going down, Hart "went away from me because he told me he wanted to fight the Japanese. When I saw him he was already dead, I ran away, but before that, I saw the accused in front of hart, with his gun aiming at him." Hart died in front of the hut. The next day the witness saw Hart with a gunshot wound at the forehead.
3. Florentino Manipon, 45, married, police of Bamban, Tarlac, testified that he served as chief of police during the Japanese occupation from February 21, to December 31, 1942. Then he was incarcerated for six days and dismissed as chief of police, but served again as such from May, 1943, to April, 1944. He was incarcerated by the Japanese. "They were suspecting me as giving aid to these Americans hiding in the mountains" which was true. The witness knows that the accused Fortunato Muñoz alias Vizcarra worked in the Japanese garrison as a spy, "because whenever they raided a certain barrio he was with them — with arms and rifles — and the time I used to see him at the Japanese kempeitai in Bamban, Tarlac, and whenever he went with the raiding party he had a side arm and a rifle with him." The witness saw the accused in a raid in the last week of August, 1943, in barrio La Paz "where they captured eight guerrilla suspects." The witness saw the accused in raids on several occasions, but he can remember only that made on the last week of August, 1943, because a policeman, Florentino de la Cruz, was among those captured. The witness remembers also that raid made in barrio Bagco by the Japanese and Fortunato Muñoz, because they asked the witness, a policeman, Fortunato Rivera, to act as a guide. "In the poblacion I used to see Vizcarra with the Japanese raiding the market." The accused worked as a spy for the Japanese in 1943 and 1944, up to October, when the witness fled to the mountains. The last time he saw him was in the garrison on December 19. At that time the Japanese, accompanied by the accused, apprehended all the policemen including Miguel Ballesteros, the chief of police.
4. Miguel Ballesteros, 44, married, sergeant of police, residing in Bamban, Tarlac, testified that he served as sergeant of police from February, 1944 to December, 1944. He came to know the accused since August, 1943, after the zoning in Bamban. The accused dropped in at the municipal building in the company of Lt. Fugi and the Japanese interpreter Oka. "They brought about thirty persons for our custody. Seventeen of the thirty persons were picked by the Japanese officer with the assistance of Fortunato Muñoz. Fortunato Muñoz picked seventeen persons out of the thirty as members of the guerrillas. He pointed them out one by one. They were brought to concentration camp at Capas, O'Donnel, in the same afternoon when Vizcarra, the Japanese officer and the Japanese interpreter came, in August, 1943." The remaining persons were told to sit down in front of the municipal building, and "they were instructed by Vizcarra that they must not join the guerrilla forces and that they must cooperate with the Japanese soldiers." The accused talked in Pampango. Then said persons were released. On that occasion the accused was carrying a .45 caliber revolver. The witness saw him many times, sometimes accompanied by Japanese soldiers and sometimes by Garcia and other spies. In September, 1943, the accused was in the company of Lt. Fugi and he was 'telling a group of people assembled in the municipal building that he had captured Lt. James Hart, and he was holding the .45 caliber automatic pistol which, as he said, was the gun of Lt. Hart. That was between September 3 and 4, 1943. The accused and the Japanese came to the municipal building with the purpose of telling the people what had been done to Lt. Hart and his companion. In November , 1943, the witness and four policemen, while in the municipali building, heard shots coming from sitio Santol. They went to the place and "we saw Vizcarra and the Japanese soldiers apprehending the people who were running. About fifteen of the persons apprehended were lined up and Vizcarra picked out twelve of them who were brought to the Japanese garrison. Among those apprehended were Hermogenes Sibal and Alberto de Leon. They were accused by Vizcarra as members of the guerrilla. "They were taken to the Japanese garrison. Some were released on the night on the same day and others were released the following morning. Only three of the twelve remained in the garrison. On December 17 or 19, 1944, all the eleven members of the police force, including the witness who was then acting as chief of police were apprehended by Japanese soldiers together with Constabulary soldiers. About one hundred fifty other persons were also apprehended. All were brought to the garrison. There the witness saw Vizcarra," he was rendering assistance to them." The Japanese were giving the third degree to those captured. The witness was detained for two days. The other policemen were also released. They were arrested because "the garrison commander had received information that the police force were members of the guerrilla forces under Captain Bruce," and the information was correct. After being released, "I ran away to the mountains. When Vizcarra went to the municipal building to tell a group of persons that he was the one who got Hart, he added: "As a matter of fact I am wearing his clothes and got his gun." The witness was tortured in the death chamber. He was wounded at the back of the head. He was injected with medicine after which "I felt unconscious and I spat blood." He was tortured by the Japanese. "I managed not to talk; I did not squeal.
5. Juan Alfonso, 38, married, laborer, residing at Bamban, Tarlac, testified that he came to know the accused because they worked together for the same landlord before the Japanese occupation. In August, 1943, he met him when he came along with the Japanese soldiers who effected the raid in Tapuak. The accused carried a firearm, .45 caliber revolver, on his waist. After the raid on September 3, the accused came again to the barrio, where the people were gathered. Oka, the Japanese, speaking in Tagalog, introduced the accused to the people in the following manner: "Here is the man — pointing to the accused — who killed James Hart. You better capture or kill other Americans as he did and you will also be compensated as we compensated him." At that time the accused was beside the Japanese, and he did not say anything. At the time Vizcarra was introduced to the barrio people, the Japanese zoned the place, but nobody was arrested. Referring to the raid of September 3, the witness said: "At eleven o'clock that same morning when we heard the shots I went to the place which the Japanese raided and I found Hart in the hole dead."
6. Fortunato V. Anunciacion, 31, married, unemployed, residing at Bamban, Tarlac, testified that on August 25, 1943, he was captured by the Japanese military forces at Bamban, while he was in the house of his aunt at barrio La Paz. The Japanese were aided by spies, one of them being Vizcarra, the accused. According to Captain Katino, the witness was arrested because the spies who were with him told that the witness was a guerrilla leader. All in all seven persons were arrested and brought from Bamban to Mabalacat. The accused was carrying a revolver. They were taken below the house of Mr. Morales. The Japanese soldiers and the spies were in the upper story. "After eleven days imprisonment in Mabalacat I was brought by the same Japanese soldiers and constabulary men to Tarlac military police jail. I stayed in Tarlac four months and seven days." He was released on January 12, 1944. "The day I was released by the military police I was bound to the mountains to rejoin my unit, but I have seen Vizcarra with another spy whose name was Posong Garcia. They were both standing on the railroad track in front of the railroad station of Bamban. At the moment I saw them I feared to proceed directly to the mountains and instead I went near them and said: 'How are you tokayo?' and he said 'I am alright'. I further said: 'You have a new uniform' and he said: 'This is the overall used by Lieutenant Hart.' Then he asked me if I knew already the death of Lieutenant Hart and as I kept silent, he proceeded saying: 'And this is the pistol of Lieutenant Hart. You know I was the man who killed him when we raided their hideout, I had only a glance at him and the moment I sighted him I killed him with one bullet and as a reward for killing him, this overall and this pistol were given to me by the Japanese.'" The accused and his companion confiscated rice, sugar and other goods from the civilians who were bound for Manila riding in the train. Witness was arrested on August 25, 1943, and was released only on January 12, 1944, and during that period he has never been out.
7. Melencio Wage, 28, widower, captain, Philippine Army, testified that he came to know the accused in a raid in 1943. The accused was carrying one .45 automatic pistol in the company of a group of Japanese. They came back about 4 o'clock in the afternoon. In the group there were three Filipinos including the accused. The Japanese were armed with rifles. Again he saw the accused between seven and eight one morning in 1943 with Japanese soldiers. When they returned there were three persons with them with hands tied with rope across their backs.
The testimonies of the seven witnesses who testified for the defense are as follows:
1. Serafin Sotto, 48, married, laborer, resident of Mabalacat, barrio lieutenant during the Japanese occupation, testified that he was working in the sugar central at Bamban, where he used to see the accused who was working in the garrison which was within the compound of the sugar central. The witness was the president of the twenty-one barrio lieutenants of Mabalacat. He requested the accused that if he knew of any raid to be made" he should let me know. And the accused used send me the notice directly so that I could notify the others , and through them the people." In April, 1943, "he wrote me a letter advising me that he and the Japanese were going to raid several places — Bulog, Sapang, Balen, Pesucul, and others. I left my house early in the morning and walked along the roads trying to meet the folks who were selling milk early in the morning, and advised them to return home to advise the barrio people of the coming of the Japanese and PC so that they also advise the guerrillas to leave the place if there were any, thus, saving guerrillas and the barrio people." On Good Friday during the Holy Week of 1944, one Japanese guard was killed. "The next morning the accused passed by Mabalacat coming from Bamban and he saw us standing by a barber shop and told us that if we were going to the cockpit in Angeles the following day, to tell the others not carry guns because the Japanese would raid the cockpit. They really raided that place the following day, and I was one of those arrested in the cockpit. They lined up the people there and made them face the sun. The accused was helping the people in lining up, telling them not to worry because if the had no guns nothing would happen to them, and advised them likewise not to be pale." Upon request of the accused, the people from Mabalacat were released, including the witness. The witness was a sugar cane inspector of the central which operated under the charge of a Japanese who used to be a carpenter for the central. The witness has known the accused since 1920.
2. Generoso David, 34, married, residing at Mawake, Mabalacat, testified that he was a classmate of the accused, a former foreman in Mawake. He met the accused during the time he was with the Japanese on September 15, 1943. "He was under the custody of the Japanese." In February, 1944, he saw in his barrio the accused with the Japanese. Nothing happened because "before their arrival I received a note from him to the effect that is there were guerrillas in our place we should tell them to go away because he and the Japanese would come and raid the place. I asked the guerrillas to move to another place."
3. Estanislao Melo, 60, married, merchant, resident of Angeles , testified that in February, 1944, "while I was on my way home to Angeles carrying my pigs in a carromata, I met Japanese in a truck on the way, and they tried to get my horse. I saw the accused with those Japanese and he asked me where I got the pigs from, and I told him that I had bought them for sale and then he intervened requesting the Japanese to let the pigs alone." The witness saw again the accused on Easter Sunday in Angeles. "The Japanese ordered all the people in the cockpit to get out, then I saw the accused with them aligning the people. They begin searching us for firearm and when they found none, they told us to continue with the cockfighting."
4. Vicente Aquino, 54, married, farmer, resident of Mabalacat, testified that he saw in his barrio the accused who "simply told us that the were on their way on patrol." In September, 1943, between four and five o'clock in the morning, the witness heard the shots in rapid succession. It was foggy and dark and drizzling. "According to what I heard after that they said that an American was killed."
5. Venancio Rivera, 35, married, barber, residing at Mabalacat, testified that on August 18, 1943, his house in Mabalacat was burned by constabulary soldiers, because "I was suspected as being connected with the guerrillas." The witness used to visit the accused who "asked me why I was there and I told him I was wanted by the constabulary and the Japanese, so he advised me to hide very well lest I would be caught by them. What I knew at that time was that he was already working in the garrison." In August, 1944, "when the Japanese were already hot in pursuit of their enemies, this accused, on about ten occasions, came to notify me to escape because the Japanese were going to raid the place where I was at that time." On September 10, 1944, a place in Bamban where the witness was, was zoned by one Yamashita who came from Concepcion. "The accused knew that my life was at a stake so he talked to that lieutenant Yamashita although I did not know what they talked about, but afterwards I was released."
6. Gregorio Gaña, 42, married, laborer, residing in Tondo, Manila, testified that he joined the Huks from 1942 to 1944. The accused was in the same squadron with the witness. "We were coming from sitio Banaba and when we passed by that sitio Cubcub, when we arrived at the river bank, we were ambushed by the Japanese and we had to fight. After the fight, as we were to leave our hiding place in the sugar-cane field, the accused fell sick and he asked us to let him stay. He was left in barrio Banaba. When I saw him afterwards, he was already with the Japanese, and working for them. On that occasion, he always asked us what we needed, and on several occasions, personally we asked him what we needed in the form of ink, pencils, papers and others. We simply sent someone to him. Because we used to write."
7. Fortunato, Muñoz, the accused, testified that in May, 1942, he left Mabalacat because he was wanted by the authorities. He joined the guerrillas. "We (including Gregorio Lagman) were accepted as soldiers." After a month he was transferred to another organization under Commander Malvar where he remained "until I was captured by the Japanese in September, 1943. We were in Mapalaksio, we were informed that the Japanese were going to raid us and that they were already near. For that reason, we left the place. We arrived at Cubcub at about three o'clock in the morning. As we were about to cross the river, we met the enemy. There was a fight — our squadron was the first to fight. Luna, our vice commander was shot, and my group was able to retreat in barrio Makbu, a sugar-cane field. While we were there, I became ill. The next day, I asked for permission to separate from my group and remain there. When I was taken to a doctor, I was caught in barrio La Paz by the Japanese. I was taken together with several other people, among them a certain Tanian and Cabanela. Quite a long time, about eight days. We were taken to the garrison. We were punished, maltreated. Our arms were tied behind our back and we were taken out, led by the constabulary soldiers. They hang bags on our back" and they were taken to the hills of barrio Tapuak where they arrived between three and four early in the morning. "Mateo Lacsina, Jose Orquiola, and Alfonso Garcia went away with some Japanese and constabulary soldiers. We were left in a rice land and those others who were left with us later went around. I don't know where they went. Fifteen minutes afterwards, we heard machine-gun shooting. About thirty minutes or one hour. Jose Orquiola came back to tell them (the Japanese soldiers who were left) that their commander was calling for them. When we arrived there, I already saw Daling, an American, captured. Then I also saw the hut where they lived." The accused came to know Hart. 'I did not see him on that occasion, but when he returned to the garrison, Daling and others said that Hart had been shot by the Japanese." The accused denies having shot Hart and having taken his revolver. "As a matter of fact, I saw the gun in the hands of Jose Orquida." Jose Orquiola, Alfonso Garcia and Mateo Lacsina were taken by the guerrillas. It is not true that the accused is responsible for the maltreatment of some of the people caught by the Japanese. "On the contrary, if the Japanese arrested any, I used to talk to the Japanese and pleaded for them." It is not true as stated by Adelaida Villareyes that the accused was seen by her maltreating a guerrilla in the garrison at Bamban. "I stayed there only for about an hour. As a matter of fact, I went there for a certain purpose of pleading for her and when my request was turned down, we have not invited her to play bowling." Adelaida became angry when the accused did not accede to her request to join the Hukbalahaps in 1942. The accused denied having anything to do with confiscating rice and other commodities at the station in Bamban. "When the constabulary soldiers were confiscating things, I even pleaded to them not to do it." The accused left the service of the central when the Americans began bombing the Philippines, and then joined the resistance movement. After he was arrested by the Japanese, "I agreed to work with them provided they let me live with my children. I could not escape anymore because had I done so, they would have taken my family. They made us guards of the laborers. A Filipino was paying our salary. We were the ones who were taking turns in guarding the premises." The witness served the Japanese from September, 1943, until May, 1944. "At first they made me help the cook, and after that, they took from me along when the went out. They took from me a revolver, caliber .32, and that was the one they returned to me." Jose Orquiola, Mateo Lacsina and Alfonso Garcia were Japanese spies. "I remember I went out with them probably on two occasions. The first time they took me along, we went to barrio Mangcop, because the Japanese wanted to ask for papaya and took us along to carry them. The second time, we went to barrio Mawake, this time to ask for camotes." Regarding the .32 caliber revolver, "I asked for it and the Japanese sergeant returned it to me." The accused was retained by the Japanese "for what use he could be to them in connection with the guerrillas." After sometime, the accused went to his barrio and explained his situation to the guerrillas "that the Japanese forced me to work with them, and if I did not do so they would taken my family so that they told me I could stay also help them."
The information filed against appellant reads as follows:
That during this period comprised between August 1943 to January 1945, more specifically on or about the dates hereinbelow mentioned, in the different places hereinafter stated and within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the herein accused not being a foreigner but a Filipino citizen owing allegiance to the United States and the Commonwealth of the Philippines, in violation of his said duty of allegiance willfully, unlawfully, feloniously and treasonably did knowingly adhere to their enemy, the Empire of Japan and/or the Imperial Japanese Forces in the Philippines with which the United States and the Commonwealth of the Philippines were then at war giving to said enemy aid and comfort in the following manner , to wit:
"1. That in or about August, 1943 and at the diverse other dates occurring the Japanese Military occupation, in the province of Tarlac, the herein accused for the purpose of giving and with intent to give said enemy aid and comfort did willfully, feloniously and treasonably join, become, serve and act as informer of the Imperial Japanese Forces.
"2. That on or about September 3, 1943, in the municipality of Bamban, Province of Tarlac, the herein accused for the purpose of giving and with intent to give the said enemy aid and comfort did willfully, feloniously and treasonably lead, assist and accompany a patrol composed of Japanese and Bureau Of Constabulary soldiers to barrio Tapuak, and once there did attack and raid the camp of Captain Alfredo Bruce and in the course thereof the herein accused, with the aid of Japanese and constabulary soldiers who were all armed thereby affording him impunity did wilfully, feloniously and unlawfully shoot and kill Lt. James Hart and the said patrol did thereupon capture Adelaida Villareyes and (FNU) Zinghine who were in said camp and forthwith bring them to the Japanese garrison in the town where they were detained for over one week after which said Adelaida Villareyes was released and (FNU) Zinghine brought to Capas, Tarlac, where he was bayoneted to death by the Japanese.
Contrary to law.
The lower court finding the appellant guilty, without the attendance of any circumstance modifying his criminal responsibility, sentenced him to life imprisonment, with its accesories, and to and to pay a fine of P10,000 and the costs, one-half of his preventive imprisonment to be deducted from the main penalty.
The evidence in this case has conclusively shown that in the early morning of September 3, 1943, appellant was a member of a group of Japanese soldiers, constabulary men and Filipino spies which raided a guerrilla hideout in Tapuak, in which Lt. James Hart was killed, and an American named Zinghine and Adelaida Villareyes, wife of Captain Alfred Bruce, were taken prisoners and brought to the Japanese garrison in Bamban and Capas. At that time the raid took place, appellant, a Filipino citizen by his administration made in open court, was in the service of the Japanese army as agent and spy, and it is evident that he participated in the raid to give aid and comfort to the enemy.lawphil.net
Appellant does not deny having been present near the place of the raid at the time it took place, but alleges that his presence at about one hundred yards from the raided hideout was due not to his own will but to the fact that the Japanese brought him to the place to carry foodstuffs, with hands tied at his back. This allegation, besides being far-fetched, cannot prevail over the testimonies of Adelaida Villareyes and Jose Raagas. The inherent inverisimilitude of appellant's testimony is evident. There was no reason for the Japanese top carry foodstuffs not needed for such a short expedition and it is inconceivable that they should let him bring them on his shoulders with his hands tied and as prisoner, needing to be guarded by soldiers who had to fight against the guerrillas. The testimony of appellant, taken as whole, has rather the effect of adding more weight to the evidence of the prosecution. By said testimony, it appears absolutely certain that appellant had voluntarily rendered effective service as an agent of the Japanese. Even crediting to him whatever benefits some individuals, including his witnesses, derived from the help he rendered them, the facts that he was thus able to help them shows his influence upon the Japanese, gained through his usefulness to the latter.
Adelaida Villareyes was later released. There is no evidence as to what finally happened to Zinghine.
Upon the record, appellant's guilt has been conclusively proven.
Being in accordance with article 114 of the Revised Penal Code, the appealed decision is affirmed with costs against appellant.
Moran, C.J., Feria, Pablo, Hilado, Bengzon, and Tuason, JJ., concur.
PARAS, J.:
I concur in the result. Appellant is responsible for the death of Hart.


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Q: How to center absolute positioned items I want to absolutely position a text on top of my image, but it doesnt seem to be centerd. i tried something, but it was very odd. i am going for a responsive site, but with that, it starts to look odd. here is my code.
HTML

 Richy Photography

CSS
#container {
    position:absolute;
    top:0;
    left:0;
    width:100%;
    height:100%;
    background-image:url(image.jpg);
    background-size:cover;
    background-position:50% 50%;
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
}
body, html
{
    height:100%;
    width:100%;
}
.parent {
    position:relative;
    font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    margin:0;
    padding:0;
}

.child {
    position: absolute;
    left:37%;
    top:37%;
    margin:0;
    padding:0;
}

A: Due to the 37% top and left offsets, the text will appear off screen if the viewport is too small.
An easier solution would be to simply set your .parent element to display as a table, then set your .child element to display as a table-cell with horizontally and vertically aligned content:
.parent {
    display: table;
    height: 100%;
    width: 100%;
}

.child {
    display: table-cell;
    text-align: center;
    vertical-align: middle;
}

JSFiddle demo.
This is supported on all modern browsers from IE8 onwards.
In order to then get the content to display on top of the background image, you'll need to give your .parent element a higher z-index property and give it relative positioning:
.parent {
    display: table;
    height: 100%;
    position: relative;
    width: 100%;
    z-index: 2;
}

JSFiddle demo.
Although you could simply give your .parent element the background and drop the #container element completely.

A: You just need to change width as wat ever you want and now You can remove left also :
.child {
position: absolute;
text-align:center;
margin:0;
padding:0;
width:100%;
}

because absolute positioned element does not cover the whole width of the relative elements
so you need to specify by yourself and you can noe use  text-align:center
live demo

A: You can not rely on left: 37%; in order to center your element across different screen sizes.
Try left: 0; text-align: center; width: 100%; this should keep your .child element centred no matter what size the parent has.
If you really need position: absolute; try this out, otherwise go with @James Donnelly answer, it's batter.
Have fun and good luck with your project.

A: Setting left and right margins to auto, adding a width, and using left:0; and right: 0; should work.
Something like this:
.child {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  width:26%;
  margin: 0 auto;
  left:0;
  right:0;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


In the age of the camera, some acts of cultural destruction have been seared into our collective memory: the bonfires of books forbidden by Nazis, the smashing of Chinese treasures during the Cultural Revolution, the Taliban detonation of the Buddhas of Bamiyan.
These images came to my mind on Sunday in an unlikely setting: at Corpus Christi Church in Manhattan, during a choral concert by the ensemble Blue Heron that was part of the series Music Before 1800. That's because this beguiling program of expressive and richly ornate polyphonic works from the English Renaissance constituted an encounter with survivors of a much older cultural cataclysm.
Under the title "The Lost Music of Canterbury," Blue Heron presented works drawn from a collection of manuscripts called the Peterhouse Partbooks, named after the University of Cambridge college where they are kept. These offer the single most important window into English music of the 1530s and '40s. Like other forms of English culture nurtured by Catholic institutions, much of this music came to be lost in the upheaval that followed Henry VIII's dissolution of the monasteries. Libraries were destroyed, and books, torn of their precious bindings, were sold off in bulk.
A blizzard of manuscript paper came to be used — as one contemporary, using an old term for privies, described it — "to serve theyr jakes, some to scoure candelstyckes, and some to rubbe their bootes." The works performed by Blue Heron escaped such ignominies because a chorister from Magdalene College, Oxford, copied them out for use in the newly reconstituted Canterbury Cathedral. They eventually made their way to the library of Peterhouse, where they survived yet another wave of destruction — that wrought by the Puritans in the 1640s.
Preserved inside the partbooks are pieces by well-known composers, like John Taverner. Some works are what scholars call unica — meaning they don't exist in any other source. In some cases, they stem from the pen of a musician who left no other trace at all.
For instance, virtually nothing is known about Arthur Chamberlayne, the composer of a spirited setting of the "Hail Mary." In Blue Heron's fresh and full-bodied reading, single words — "Jesus" and "salve" ("hail") — popped out like bright speech bubbles amid a thicket of arabesque counterpoint. As Scott Metcalfe, the ensemble's director, said in remarks from the stage, that single antiphon constitutes the complete works of Chamberlayne.
With two or three singers to a part and women stepping into the shoes of boy choristers, Blue Heron brings a zesty and sensual sound to these works of devotional music. Nicholas Ludford's "Salve Regina" is a joyous tangle of long, florid lines with the occasional tangy dissonance illuminating a single word. Hugh Aston's "O baptista vates Christi" is a rhythmically buoyant work full of forward-driving energy and elegant harmonies.
Scholars will have to decide how much English music history needs to be adjusted to account for the wealth of discoveries embedded in these lone survivors. To a lay listener, the feeling that most resonates is one of vindication, tinged with melancholy.
Performed on Sunday at Corpus Christi Church, Manhattan. The next event in the Music Before 1800 series features Alkemie, on March 7, at the Kosciuszko Foundation, Manhattan; mb1800.org.
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Our Board guides how we work at AccessAbility. Each member has personal and professional experience of disability.
Rachel has been on the AccessAbility Board since 2008 and was appointed Chair in December 2012.
She works from Hamilton as an independent consultant, project manager, auditor and facilitator with Non-Government Organisations in the health and disability sector. With expertise in quality, systems, processes, accountability, training and development, she has also been a member of national committees reviewing sector standards.
Rachel has a Graduate Diploma in Management Studies; National Certificate in Quality Assurance; New Zealand Certificate in Adult Education and Training; and is a Registered Quality Manager.
Gary is Ngati Porou and lives in Christchurch. He is particularly interested in issues for disabled people, especially disabled Māori; leadership development and training; the rights of disabled people; and effective organisational governance and management.
He was involved in the development of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and has very clear ideas about what it means and how it should be implemented.
Gary was the CEO of the Disabled Persons Assembly for 11 years. Before that, he worked as a specialist software developer for the Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences.
Gary has been on the AccessAbility Board since 2010.
Julia has worked in the health and disability sector for more than four decades.
She attributes her passion as a disability advocate to the experience and knowledge gained from her son, who has autism, and from supporting her husband who sustained a severe traumatic brain injury.
Julia is a Registered Nurse. She worked in the communications team for the Central Regional Health Authority and was a government appointee to the Hawke's Bay District Health Board. She has also served many voluntary organisations and held national positions in Disabled Persons Assembly New Zealand and Autism New Zealand.
She is a founding member and director of a family governed service – New Breeze Limited, which was established in 2004 to manage the Individualised Funding package for her son Richard. Julia lives and works in the Bay of Plenty.
Paul has been at the forefront of finding solutions to mobility and access issues for many years.
He was previously Chief Executive of the Families Commission. Before this, he held the roles of General Manager of the Department of Internal Affairs Community Development Group; Director of Advocacy under the Health and Disability Commissioner; and Manager of Disability Support Services for the Ministry of Health.
His work in the Non-Government Organisation sector has included management of CCS Disability Action branches in both Wellington and Manawatu.
He is now based in Tauranga and is the Director of Panamac Enterprises, a consultancy that specialises in leadership, strategy and community development.
Paul has also been involved in numerous community projects, including the Protect the Brains Trust cycle helmet campaign, for which he was the National Chairperson.
Paul was an active member of the New Zealand Paraplegic Boat Team and has represented New Zealand at the Commonwealth Paraplegic Games.
Pati has been working in the disability sector for 10 years. He is also the incoming president of the Disabled Persons Assembly (DPA).
The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities has underpinned and inspired much of Pati's work. He has been involved at a strategic level with Whānau Ora and worked closely with former Minister of Disability Issues Tariana Turia for 18 months as a Whānau Ora champion. Pati has also worked with the Ministries of Social Development and Health, as well as the Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC).
This accumulated experience has honed his passion for providing strategic direction and effective policy development, particularly to enable people in the Pacific community to better utilise Needs Assessment and Service Coordination (NASC).
Michelle lives in Auckland where she has worked as a business consultant and advisor for almost 20 years.
She has strong commercial business experience from a range of industries specialising in strategic development, performance improvement and focusing on long term objectives and sustainability. She also offers 15 years of successful business ownership experience, which provides practical expertise and enables her to have a broad understanding and empathy of all stakeholders.
Michelle is new to the disability sector but she has had an immediate family member experience the difficulty navigating through some of the organisations so she has a drive to make this easier and more accessible.
Michelle recently completed a Masters of Business Administration (with Distinction). She is a member of the Institute of Directors and holds a Diploma in Business Management.


text:
José E. Serrano Educational Partnership Program with Minority Serving Institutions (EPP/MSI)
Partnerships with minority serving institutions enhance the NOAA workforce
Focus areas:
EPP/MSI
Mussie Kebede had known he wanted to be a meteorologist since he was in middle school. "My interest [in weather] stemmed from a fascination with geography and winter storms. I would get excited at the prospect of school being canceled due to impending snowstorms," he recollected. And this was more than the fleeting interest of a kid hoping for a snow day.
Mussie Kebede was one of the students supported by NOAA's Educational Partnership Program with Minority Serving Institutions Cooperative Science Centers. He now works as a meteorologist for the National Weather Service, stationed in the Forecast Operations Branch of the Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. (Mussie Kebede)
"The two interests eventually merged when I discovered the science of weather and its prediction," he said. "My goal was to work for the National Weather Service (NWS) because it gave me the opportunity to work in public service." In 2018, Kebede achieved his goal and joined the NWS as a meteorologist at the Hydrometeorological Prediction Center.
Kebede is among the graduates supported by NOAA's Educational Partnership Program with Minority Serving Institutions (EPP/MSI) Cooperative Science Centers (CSCs). He earned his master's degree in atmospheric science from Howard University in Washington, D.C., the lead institution at the NOAA Center for Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology offsite link (NCAS-M).
The CSC awards contribute candidates to a future NOAA workforce that reflects the diversity of the nation. These centers increase participation for all Americans in NOAA-mission STEM disciplines, natural resource management, and policy. Each CSC-supported graduate student has a NOAA mentor who guides their research. These students present their research at conferences and participate in internships at NOAA, developing skills that enhance their competitiveness for entering the workforce in NOAA-related fields. Since 2001, the EPP/MSI CSCs have awarded more than 1,977 postsecondary degrees in fields that are aligned with NOAA's mission.
CSCs bring new talent from diverse communities, including underrepresented minorities, to the NOAA workforce. In 2018, EPP/MSI CSCs supported 222 students in degree programs (58 doctoral, 68 master's, and 96 undergraduate). Thirteen CSC graduates entered the STEM workforce, seven of whom joined NOAA in either federal or contractor positions.
Cassandra Shivers-Williams, Ph.D., is a Peter Lamb Postdoctoral Fellow at the Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies. (Cassandra Shivers-Williams)
Cassandra Shivers-Williams, Ph.D., a graduate of NCAS-M, is the first Peter Lamb Postdoctoral Fellow at the Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies offsite link (CIMMS), a NOAA Cooperative Institute. She developed an interest in how people make decisions during disasters, which was influenced by her experiences in Louisiana during hurricanes Rita, Katrina, Ike, and Gustav. The CSCs helped Shivers-Williams turn her curiosity into a career. "I would not be at CIMMS without the training, networking, and fellowship opportunities afforded by NCAS-M," Shivers-Williams noted. "Through my affiliation with NCAS-M, I became immersed in NOAA culture and explored career options."
These graduates demonstrate that the CSCs contribute a well-trained, diverse candidate pool that supports America's STEM competitiveness.
This story was originally published in the Fiscal Year 2018 NOAA Education Accomplishments Report.
Related Features //
Making connections between island and inland ecosystems during my NOAA internship
NOAA awards $60 million in education grants to Minority Serving Institutions
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Paris (AFP) - A single dose of testosterone steers men towards luxury brands of cars, watches, pens, or clothes which, like stag anglers and peacock tails, signal "status" to the female gender, scientists said Tuesday.
They were then asked to choose between two products -- of similar quality but one boasting a trademark considered high status -- a judgement determined in a previous survey of over 600 men.
Related Video: Do I Have Low Testosterone?


how do you setup multiple projects?
Do you have a single mios32 installation and put your projects in folders outside of the mios32 folder?
I mean, if i setup mios/toolchain/global environment vars according to the wiki docs these vars are actually global. So i don't see how this would work for different mios apps which possibly need different env vars or mios versions.
Doesn't it make more sense to put a new mios installation into each project folder and get rid of the global vars to have the project's dependencies in its respective project folder?
actually environment variables are "local" in your shell. Which means, if you open multiple shells you can set the variables to different values in order to work on multiple projects in parallel. Build objects are created locally in your app folder as well.
Or you could create a small shell script which sets the variables before calling "make" - this way you could work from a single terminal.
Of course, it's also possible to create different GIT clones which makes sense if you work in separate branches for each activity.
I'd like to further understand the structure and workflow of the repository.
My simplified view: it looks like /apps are the apps and everything else is the 'mios lib' (mios32/modules..). I'd like to know how do you handle changes to the 'mios lib' for all the apps? What if there are some breaking changes? Do you edit/refactor all apps every time this happens or is there some kind of a fixed API that never changes (or very seldom)? How often gets the mios stuff updated? I assume the apps are updated more frequently.
I'm trying to find an ideal setup for multiple midibox projects. To my modest knowledge it's the best to have each project's includes/dependencies separated from each other to avoid problems compiling them after some time later. In that scenario i'd pull 'mios lib' version updates on per project basis, not for all projects. But does it make sense or should i rather have a global 'mios lib'?
Edit: i only intend to work on app level.
With libraries, the intention is to have more or less "stable" interfaces, that multiple apps can rely on. Defining the interface at first is why it is so difficult to create them :). You would need to define a "minimal" (non over-engineered) interface at first and try to only extend it over time. If you need to change a core api function call signature, all dependencies have to be updated, that's why this should be avoided and i think this is excatly what Thorsten does.
So, from an "app implementors viewpoint", you'd only need to check out everything once, and work on the "app level", use the MIOS library as far as possible. If the library does not provide for what is needed, you can extend it internally within your app. If that extension results in a function that you think will be useful for other users, you could extend the library itself and create a pull request for Thorsten to evaluate your addition to his code. The idea is always to avoid overengineering, an API that is too vast is often distracting, complex to understand and will make development harder.
Hopefully this was correct and helpful!
I understand it that way, that you recommend using a single mios32 installation as global lib. No need to put duplicates in each project folder, because the interface doesn't change often and mostly there are new functions added.
Hard to decide, i somehow lean towards a self contained per project solution.
Say i want to edit the NG app which is (like all apps) part of the main mios32 repository. How would i keep track of changes to NG if i copied it out of the main repository into its own folder? There would be no git anymore.
@tago it depends on your preferred workflow, personally i would not recommend to move anything at all outside of git, as you will lose the benefits of having an integrated code version control system, i.e. you could look at any time what you have modified locally and you can perform local commits that are not pushed back to the server while you work on your personal projects.
b) i have not done it, but it might be possible to clone the main tree (library) somewhere, point your environment variables to it, so the build process works and clone the respective app subdirectories somewhere else (if this works, i think i read about "sparse checkouts" somewhere). This would allow you to work more like you describe on an individual app/project level within a separate directory structure but with full git benefits, if you prefer that. If this does not work, you could just create logical filesystem links, if you are working in a unix environment?
With both variants you can perform local commits, which is useful for development.
If you work from multiple local machines like a laptop and a desktop you could also setup a server system like "gitea" and enable pushing to a central server by adding a new origin - that works nicely and you would then have a local tool like "github" at home, including browser based diffs and all the bells and whistles :).
Many greets and have fun!
The workflow can be much easier: just clone the worktree, create a branch, commit into this branch how often you want, push to GitHub whenever you want to ensure that your work doesn't get lost (and want that other people can access your changes).
There are various tools to display code changes between branches, between your commit, etc. also locally without the need for a webserver.
E.g. I'm using "gitk", but there might be many others.
But uploading to GitHub is preferred - not only for backup reasons, but also to allow later merging into master branch via pull request + review from my side.


Describes how the three processes of water, evaporation, precipitation, and sublimination, carry water between reservoirs.
Water in Yosemite runs down creeks, rivers and waterfalls; the rivers flow into the Central Valley where they are used for irrigation or municipal purposes. Conserving water keeps water available for wilderness.


text:
We are monitoring the impact of COVID-19 on Europe Biochips Market Get in touch with us for detailed analysis Know More
Europe Biochips Market
Europe Biochips Market Research Report - Segmented . . . .
Europe Biochips Market Research Report - Segmented By Type, End User & By Country (UK, France, Spain, Germany, Italy, Russia, Sweden, Denmark, Switzerland, Netherlands, Turkey, Czech Republic & Rest of Europe) – Industry Analysis on Size, Share, Trends, COVID-19 Impact & Growth Forecast (2021 to 2026)
Europe Biochips Market Size (2021 to 2026)
The size of the Europe Biochips Market was worth USD 3.49 billion in 2021 and predicted to expand at a CAGR of 21.94% from 2021 to 2026. This value is forecasted to grow USD 9.40 billion by 2026.
Europe is positioned second in leading the dominant shares of the global biochips market in 2019. The rising demand for personalized medicine is significant, propelling the growth of the market. Key player's presence in this region, which is innovating the technology of drug development with the help of biochips, is another crucial factor favoring the market growth. The governments in different countries in Europe are funding the development of biochips technology. The European Union is also promoting biochips in research like the NABIS (Nanobiotechnology with self-organizing structures), a European Union-funded project. The biochips are also used to trace biological warfare and also used in forensic.
The availability of alternate methods in this region is restricting the market growth to some extent. In addition, the cost of biochips is high, and the standardization of biochips is further hindering the growth of the biochips market.
This research report on the European biochips market has been segmented and sub-segmented into the following categories.
DNA Chips
SNP Genotyping
Cancer Diagnosis & Treatment
Lab-On-A-Chip
IVD & POC
Expression Profiling
By End User:
Hospitals and Diagnostic Centers
Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Companies
Academic & Research Institutes
By Country:
Based on the region, the European region accounted for 28% of the global market share and is forecasted to register a promising CAGR during the forecast period due to various reasons such as easy access to the latest technologies, a large patient pool, and promising government policies.
The UK biochips market had occupied the majority of the European market in 2019. The Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) is funding the pan viral microarray, which detects 1132 different viruses from 40 viral families in a single test using biochips. In addition, the various institutes in the country are using biochips for the study of different biomolecules.
However, the German biochips market is predicted to grow at the fastest growth rate during the forecast period. This is because Germany has a strong key player's presence, significantly favoring the market growth. They have developed a fingernail-sized DNA chip in Germany that can analyze thousands of genes in a tiny sample.
KEY MARKET PLAYERS:
Companies playing a prominent role in the European biochips market profiled in the report are Agilent Technologies Inc., Fluidigm Corporation, PerkinElmer Inc., Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc., GE Healthcare, Cepheid Inc., Illumina Inc., and Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.
5.1.2 DNA Chips
5.1.2.1 SNP Genotyping
5.1.2.2 Genomics
5.1.2.3 Agricultural Biotechnology
5.1.2.4 Gene Expression
5.1.2.5 Cancer Diagnosis & Treatment
5.1.2.6 Drug Discovery
5.1.2.7 Others
5.1.3 Lab-On-A-Chip
5.1.3.1 Clinical Diagnostics
5.1.3.2 IVD & POC
5.1.3.5 Proteomics
5.1.4 Protein Chips
5.1.4.1 Expression Profiling
5.1.4.2 High-Throughput Screening
5.1.4.4 Diagnostics
5.1.5 Other types
5.2 End User
5.2.2 Hospitals and Diagnostics Centers
5.2.3 Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Companies
5.2.4 Academic & Research Institutes
5.2.5 Y-o-Y Growth Analysis, By End User
5.2.6 Market Attractiveness Analysis, By End User
5.2.7 Market Share Analysis, By End User
5.3 Fabrication Technology
5.3.2 Microfluidics
5.3.3 Microarrays
5.3.4 Y-o-Y Growth Analysis, By Fabrication Technology
5.3.5 Market Attractiveness Analysis, By Fabrication Technology
5.3.6 Market Share Analysis, By Fabrication Technology
6.1.3.3 By End User
6.1.3.4 By Fabrication Technology
6.2 U.K
6.3 Spain
6.4 Germany
6.5 Italy
6.6 France
8.1 Athersys
8.2 StemCells
8.3 Cryo Cell International
8.4 Geron Corporation
8.5 Mesoblast
8.6 Aastrom Biosciences
8.7 Celgene Corporation
8.8 Invitrogen
8.9 Cytori Therapeutics
Segment-level analysis in terms of technology, component, and type along with market size forecasts and estimations to detect key areas of industry growth in detail
Europe Biochips Market, By Region, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Europe Biochips Market, By Type, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Europe DNA Chips Market, By Region, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Europe Biochips Market, By DNA Chips, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Europe SNP Genotyping Market, By Region, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Europe Genomics Market, By Region, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Europe Agricultural Biotechnology Market, By Region, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Europe Gene Expression Market, By Region, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Europe Cancer Diagnosis & Treatment Market, By Region, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Europe Drug Discovery Market, By Region, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Europe Other DNA chips Market, By Region, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Europe Lab-On-A-Chip Market, By Region, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Europe Biochips Market, By Lab-On-A-Chip, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Europe Clinical Diagnostics Market, By Region, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Europe IVD & POC Market, By Region, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Europe Proteomics Market, By Region, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Europe Protein Chips Market, By Region, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Europe Other types Market, By Region, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Europe Biochips Market, By Protein Chips, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Europe Expression Profiling Market, By Region, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Europe High-Throughput Screening Market, By Region, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Europe Diagnostics Market, By Region, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Europe Biochips Market, By End User , From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Europe Hospitals and Diagnostics Centers Market, By Region, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Europe Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Companies Market, By Region, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Europe Academic & Research Institutes Market, By Region, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Europe Biochips Market, By Fabrication Technology , From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Europe Microfluidics Market, By Region, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Europe Microarrays Market, By Region, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
U.K Biochips Market, By Type, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
U.K Biochips Market, By DNA Chips, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
U.K Biochips Market, By Lab-On-A-Chip, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
U.K Biochips Market, By Protein Chips, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
U.K Biochips Market, By End User , From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
U.K Biochips Market, By Fabrication Technology , From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Spain Biochips Market, By Type, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Spain Biochips Market, By DNA Chips, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Spain Biochips Market, By Lab-On-A-Chip, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Spain Biochips Market, By Protein Chips, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Spain Biochips Market, By End User , From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Spain Biochips Market, By Fabrication Technology , From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Germany Biochips Market, By Type, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Germany Biochips Market, By DNA Chips, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Germany Biochips Market, By Lab-On-A-Chip, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Germany Biochips Market, By Protein Chips, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Germany Biochips Market, By End User , From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Germany Biochips Market, By Fabrication Technology , From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Italy Biochips Market, By Type, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Italy Biochips Market, By DNA Chips, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Italy Biochips Market, By Lab-On-A-Chip, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Italy Biochips Market, By Protein Chips, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Italy Biochips Market, By End User , From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Italy Biochips Market, By Fabrication Technology , From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
France Biochips Market, By Type, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
France Biochips Market, By DNA Chips, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
France Biochips Market, By Lab-On-A-Chip, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
France Biochips Market, By Protein Chips, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
France Biochips Market, By End User, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
France Biochips Market, By Fabrication Technology, From 2021 to 2026 (USD Million)
Biochips Market