Pull Measure Cut System incorporates everything you need to automate the rewinding line. The system comes in scalable sizes and benefit users from small harness facilities to large cable manufacturers. A fully automated system incorporates payout system (dereeler), a Length Rite measurement device, an automated cutting system, and takeup system (coiler / spooler). The PMC system will save time, reduce space usage, and increase productivity.
PLC technology is used to maximize cable counter function flexibility - we can include an HMI to make data entry easy. Jobs can be identified by a job number or the operator can simply input the length of cable required and the quantity of cut cables required and then press 'Start'.
Taymer is willing to customize our systems to suit your needs. According to your application, we will modify the set-up or system to make our equipment easy-to-use and work the way you wanted it to. We provide this great flexibility to minimize your time to search for the right products.
The Length Rite Pull Measure includes a stepper motor to pull wire through the Length Rite. The Cut option may be included to allow automatic, pneumatic, hydraulic, or chop saw cutting of wire and cable with diameters up to one inch or 25mm.
We work regularly with Allen Bradley, Siemens and GE PLCs and can include communications capabilities for corporate networks or standalone PCs through ethernet or serial communication ports. Taymer's cable cut to length computer interface simplies the task of uploading and cataloging long lists of batch jobs. We are familiar with MS Access, MS SQL Server and MS Excel for inputting batch job data.
Larger spools of wire and cable will require a motorized despooler to accurately pull & recoiling-through the Length Rite & Cutting Saw. Taymer's Despoolers handle cable reels from 50lbs to 5500lbs. Smaller reels generally don't require a despooler. Also included is a dancer or tension arm, minimizing the tension force required to pull the cable through the Pull-Measure-Cut. System will wait for operator to push go button before Payout of next length in the PLC cue, or next new length entered.
A payout system is to unload the bulk wire or cable whether it is in the form of a spool or a coil.
For heavy spools or coils, a motorized payout system might be necessary in order to prevent damage to the wire/ cable under high pulling tension.
The wire / cable will go through a measurement device for accurate measurement.
At this station, the operator or computer can assigned a target length so when the measurer reaches the length, a control system will stop the cable movement.
This will lead to an automated cutter that cuts the wire.
→ If the wire does not need to be coiled or spooled, then a motorized puller is located before the cutter to pull from the payout.
→ If the wire needs to be spooled or coiled, a takeup system is required.
The takeup system is motorized and will spool or coil accordingly.
© 1962-2018 Taymer International. All Rights Reserved.


text:
Dienstleistung () ist ein immaterielles Gut, das entsteht, wenn ein Wirtschaftssubjekt für ein anderes eine entgeltliche Tätigkeit ausübt.

Etymologie
Das Kompositum Dienstleistung setzt sich aus "Dienst" und "Leistung" zusammen. Dienst (aus , abgeleitet aus ) ist die Tätigkeit eines Rechtssubjekts im Auftrag eines anderen, Leistung sind alle sachzielorientieren Handlungen eines Wirtschaftssubjekts und ihr Ergebnis. Aus der Kombination beider liegt eine Dienstleistung vor, wenn ein Wirtschaftssubjekt eine am eigenen Betriebszweck orientierte entgeltliche Tätigkeit für andere übernimmt.

Ein Dienst nützt primär nicht dem eigenen Interesse, sondern dem des Dienstherrn; der Dienst kann Rudolph Bauer zufolge freiwillig oder aus einer gesetzlichen oder vertraglichen Verpflichtung erfolgen. Freiwillig erweist jemand einem Anderen einen Dienst, möglicherweise unentgeltlich (Gefälligkeit). Eine entgeltliche Dienstpflicht ergibt sich für den Diener oder Staatsdiener im Staatsdienst. Weitere Dienstarten sind der Messdiener oder der Militärdienst. Die griechische Antike verband das Dienen (; hieraus Diakonie) mit der Tätigkeit an einer Person.

Der im englischsprachigen Bereich und im deutschsprachigen Raum als Anglizismus verwendete Begriff "Service" geht auf  für den kostenlosen "Sklavendienst" zurück. Allerdings beschränkt sich im deutschsprachigen Bereich der Service auf produktbegleitende Dienstleistungen von Konsum- und Investitionsgüterherstellern, etwa dem Begriff Lieferservice (heute Lieferqualität genannt), und kann keinesfalls mit dem Dienstleistungsbegriff gleichgestellt werden.

Allgemeines
Zu den Wirtschaftssubjekten gehören Unternehmen, der Staat mit seinen Untergliederungen (öffentliche Verwaltung, Staatsunternehmen, Kommunalunternehmen) und Privathaushalte. Unternehmen, die ausschließlich oder überwiegend Dienstleistungen erbringen, heißen Dienstleistungsunternehmen (beispielsweise Kreditinstitute, Versicherungswirtschaft, Handelsunternehmen, Verkehrsbetriebe, Gastronomie, Ärzte, Notare, Friseure), die übrigen sind Sachleistungsunternehmen (Urproduktion, Automobilhersteller, Bauwirtschaft, Anlagenbau, Maschinenbau). Die öffentliche Verwaltung und öffentliche Unternehmen erbringen ebenfalls im Rahmen der Daseinsvorsorge ausschließlich Dienstleistungen. Die Produktionstätigkeit öffentlicher Haushalte besteht darin, Sachgüter und Dienstleistungen von Unternehmen zu erwerben und hieraus unter Einsatz eigener Produktionsfaktoren öffentliche Dienstleistungen zu erbringen. Privathaushalte erbringen nur dann Dienstleistungen, wenn sie dafür eine Gegenleistung erhalten und keine bloße Gefälligkeit vorliegt. Haushaltsbezogene Dienstleistungen sind Dienstleistungen, die in einem Privathaushalt durch Erwerbsarbeit erbracht werden. Hierzu gehören entgeltliche Reinigungs-, Nachhilfe- oder Übersetzerdienste.
Viele erwerbsfähige Menschen sind Angestellte oder Beamte; sie erbringen Dienstleistungen im Rahmen ihrer Arbeitsverhältnisse.

Geschichte
Das römische Recht kannte die Dienstleistungen freier Tagelöhner und Handwerker (), doch die meisten Dienstleistungen wurden von Sklaven erbracht, die ihren Eigentümern als Sache galten, für deren Dienstleistungen bei Kunden eine Sachenmiete erhoben wurde (). Der Dienstverpflichtete () hatte seine Dienstleistung ordnungsgemäß dem Dienstherrn () zu erbringen und erhielt hierfür eine Vergütung (). Das Recht auf Dienstleistungen galt als dingliches Recht (), aus der Arbeit fremder Sklaven Nutzen ziehen zu dürfen. Dienste der Ärzte oder Lehrer mit intellektuellen Leistungen () erfolgten aufgrund eines Auftrags () ohne Vergütung. Bereits hier gehörte zum "Knecht sein" () die Unterordnung mit einem unbezahlten Sklavendienst ().

Im Mittelalter lösten Knecht, Dienstmagd und Dienstbote die früheren Sklaven ab. Das Gesinde erbrachte Hand- und Spanndienste gegen Naturalien oder Lohn. Das Verb "dienen" erfuhr in jener Zeit einen Bedeutungswandel, denn "dienlich" im Sinne von "nützlich" kam erst im 16. Jahrhundert auf. Die soziale Beziehung zwischen Herrschaft und Dienerschaft verband den Arbeitsplatz mit Erniedrigung, Degradierung und Entwürdigung. "Dienen" ist ein "herrschaftlich personales Über- und Unterordnungsverhältnis zwischen Personen in unterschiedlicher sozialer Stellung". Das Dienstleistungspersonal arbeitete nunmehr als Arbeiter oder Angestellte in Unternehmen oder als Beamte im öffentlichen Dienst für den Dienstherrn, stets verbunden mit einem Über- und Unterordnungsverhältnis. Der "Verdienst" avancierte zu einem durch Tätigkeit erworbenen Wert.

Das Allgemeine Preußische Landrecht (APL) vom Juni 1794 enthielt einen Vertragstyp, durch den "Sachen gegen Handlungen oder Handlungen gegen Handlungen versprochen werden" (I 11, § 869 ff. APL). Das hieraus abgeleitete ADHGB vom Mai 1861 widmete sich der Dienstleistung allgemein nicht, sondern befasste sich mit dienstleistungsorientierten Spezialformen. So beinhaltete es das Dienstverhältnis der Handlungsgehilfen (Art. 57 bis 65 ADHGB). Zu jener Zeit hätte es ohne Dienstleistungen keine materielle Produktion gegeben. Synchron mit der Industrialisierung entstanden im 19. Jahrhundert funktionsnotwendige Dienstleistungen wie etwa das Transport- oder Bankwesen, denn produzierte Güter bedurften einer Transport-, Zahlungs- und Finanzierungsleistung.

Der Nationalökonom Nassau William Senior sprach bereits 1854 davon, dass Produkte in Dienstleistungen und Waren unterteilt werden (). Der Betriebswirt Erich Gutenberg lehnte 1953 die Anwendung des Produktionsbegriffs auf Dienstleistungen ab, wodurch sich bis 1969 die Lehrmeinung verfestigte, dass Sachgüter produziert und Dienstleistungen "bereitgestellt" würden. Es ist anzunehmen, dass Gutenberg hiermit sein Erkenntnisobjekt eingrenzen, nicht aber bewusst den Herstellungsprozess von Dienstleistungen verneinen wollte. Der Bereich der Dienstleistungen hat insbesondere im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert an Bedeutung gewonnen und stellt mittlerweile einen Hauptbereich unserer Volkswirtschaft dar.

Das im Januar 1900 in Kraft getretene Bürgerliche Gesetzbuch (BGB) berücksichtigt außer dem Dienstvertrag, Werkvertrag und Auftrag (einschließlich Geschäftsbesorgung) einige Sonderformen (Makler, Verwahrung). Später kamen weitere hinzu (Reisevertrag im Mai 1979, Zahlungsdienste im Oktober 2009, Behandlungsvertrag im Februar 2013), ohne jedoch die bestehende Vielfalt des Alltags annähernd abzudecken. Bestimmte kaufmännische Dienstleistungen erhielten im – gleichzeitig in Kraft getretenen – Handelsrecht eine Sonderstellung (etwa Handelsvertreter, Kommissionär, Spediteur, Frachtgeschäft oder Lagerhaltung).

Abgrenzungen
Bei Dienstleistungsunternehmen steht das Angebot der Dienstleistung im Vordergrund, auch wenn wie in der Gastronomie gleichzeitig ein Warenverkauf stattfindet. Hierbei kommt es nicht bloß auf den Verkauf von Speisen und Getränken an, sondern vor allem auf die hierauf bezogenen Dienstleistungen Zubereitung, Servieren und Gastlichkeit. Deshalb kann die Erstellung einer Dienstleistung mit materiellen Produkten verbunden sein oder auch nicht. Während der Speiseeishersteller ein Produktionsunternehmen ist, handelt es sich beim Eiscafé um ein Dienstleistungsunternehmen. Die Abgrenzung zwischen beiden fällt nicht immer leicht, weil Produktionsunternehmen auch (produktbegleitende) Dienstleistungen anbieten und umgekehrt Dienstleistungsunternehmen auch Produkte verkaufen.

Die Abgrenzung zwischen Dienst- und Sachleistung ist letztlich fließend. So erlangen Dienstleistungskomponenten im Business-to-Business-Marketing, beispielsweise im Maschinen- und Anlagenbau, verstärkt an Bedeutung (z. B. Beratung, Teleservice). Auch in der Konsumgüterindustrie tragen Dienstleistungskomponenten zur verstärkten Differenzierung und so zur Erlangung von Wettbewerbsvorteilen bei (z. B. Absatzfinanzierung von Hi-Fi-Elektronik oder PKWs durch Autobanken). Nicht zuletzt können derartige Dienstleistungskomponenten kaufentscheidend sein und somit zum Hauptbestandteil des Produkts avancieren.

Daher wird zunehmend der Versuch aufgegeben, Dienstleistungen von Sachleistungen voneinander abzugrenzen. Sämtliche Absatzobjekte werden hier als Leistungsbündel aufgefasst, deren Leistungsergebnis einerseits eher materiell oder immateriell, der Leistungserstellungsprozess eher autonom oder integrativ ausgeprägt ist. Ein derartiges Verständnis erlaubt eine differenzierte Konzeption des absatzpolitischen Instrumentariums.

Definitionsmöglichkeiten
Zur genaueren Bestimmung des – in der Fachliteratur umstrittenen – Dienstleistungsbegriffs gibt es Negativdefinitionen (nach dem Ausschlussprinzip), den enumerativen Definitionsansatz (Aufzählung) oder Merkmalsdefinitionen, bei denen die die Dienstleistung beschreibenden konstitutiven Merkmale ermittelt werden. Im Rahmen einer Negativdefinition kann man unter Dienstleistungen alle Tätigkeiten verstehen, "die sich nicht auf eine unmittelbare Gewinnung, Verarbeitung oder Bearbeitung von Sachgütern richten". Die Produktion von Sachgütern (Waren, Handelswaren, Commodities) stellt den Gegensatz von Dienstleistungen dar. Aufzählungsdefinitionen scheitern daran, dass die Heterogenität des Dienstleistungssektors und ständige Innovationen (siehe Finanzinnovationen) eine abschließende Auflistung unmöglich macht. Merkmalsdefinitionen führen zu dem Ergebnis, dass Dienstleistungen vielfach eine unsichtbare und ungreifbare geistige Leistung darstellen, also ein substanzloses Gut sind. Die typischen konstitutiven Merkmale einer Dienstleistung sind ihre Immaterialität, Schwankungen in der Dienstleistungsqualität, Untrennbarkeit von Dienstleister und Dienstleistung, mangelnde Lager- und Transportfähigkeit sowie meist Synchronität von Herstellung und Verbrauch der Dienstleistung. Dieses zeitliche Zusammenfallen von Produktion und Konsum wird auch Uno-actu-Prinzip genannt.

Arten
In der Wirtschaft unterscheidet man allgemein zwischen gebundenen und ungebundenen Dienstleistungen. Ist die Synchronität von Herstellung und Verbrauch der Dienstleistung vorhanden (etwa bei einer Taxifahrt), spricht man von gebundenen Dienstleistungen; die Taxifahrt ist ohne den Taxifahrer nicht möglich. Ungebundene Dienstleistungen sind gekennzeichnet durch eine zeitliche und räumliche Entkopplung von Produktion und Verbrauch vor allem bei unternehmensbezogenen Dienstleistungen. In modernen Volkswirtschaften ermöglicht der Einsatz von Informationstechnologie, Produktion und Verbrauch zeitlich, räumlich und persönlich zu trennen, so dass Produktivitätssteigerungen möglich sind.

Dienstleistungen unterscheiden sich auch nach standardisierten und individuellen Dienstleistungen. Letztere werden für ein konkretes Individuum erstellt. Merkmal von standardisierten Dienstleistungen ist, dass sie für einen fiktiven Durchschnittskunden erbracht werden. Der Grad der Beteiligung (Integrationsgrad) des Kunden ist bei individuellen Dienstleistungen höher.

Im Hinblick auf den Erbringer einer Dienstleistung (Dienstleister) unterscheidet man:

Personenbezogene Dienstleistungen
Personenbezogene Dienstleistungen (PBD) sind Dienstleistungen, die an oder mit der Person vollzogen werden, z. B. die Leistungen eines Heilerziehungspflegers oder eines Lehrers. Diese Dienstleistungen kommen nur unter Beteiligung des Kunden zustande. Die Beteiligung des Kunden kann eher passiv sein, wie beim Rettungsdienst, oder eher aktiv sein, wie bei der Aneignung von Wissen in einer Lernsituation. Personenbezogene Dienstleistungen weisen folgende Merkmale auf:
 Die Ziele werden zwischen dem Dienstleister und dem Kunden mehr oder weniger ausgehandelt – beide sind am Ergebnis, d. h. dem immateriellen Produkt beteiligt. Die UN-Konvention über die Rechte von Menschen mit Behinderungen geht z. B. davon aus, dass nur bei gemeinsamen Zielen auch ein zufriedenstellendes Ergebnis möglich ist.
 Die Prozesse oder Maßnahmen werden ebenfalls zwischen dem Kunden und dem Dienstleister ausgehandelt – der Kunde muss am Prozess mitwirken, wenn das Ziel erreicht werden soll. Sozialarbeiter/-pädagogen sprechen von der Klienten. Die Maßnahmen können zwar detailliert geplant werden, jedoch ist die Maßnahmendurchführung häufig von der Disposition des Kunden abhängig.
 Grundlage zur Durchführung von Maßnahmen und deren Zielerreichung sind die sozialen Beziehungen zwischen dem Dienstleister und seinem Kunden. Die sozialen Rollen und der soziale Status von Kunde und Dienstleister müssen geklärt sein.

David A. Garvin fasst diese Phänomene personenbezogener Dienstleistungen (PBD) folgendermaßen zusammen:
 PBD sind immateriell
 PBD folgen dem Uno-actu-Prinzip
 Zusammenfallen von Konsum und Produktion
 Dienstleistungsproduzent ist Teil der Dienstleistung, genauso wie Dienstleistungskonsument
 PBDs sind heterogen
 PBDs sind nicht lager- und nicht transportfähig
 Standardisierung von PBDs ist schwierig bis unmöglich

Für die Organisationen und Berufe, die personenbezogene Dienstleistungen erbringen, hat dies Konsequenzen für ihre Managementsysteme:
 Der Bedarf und die Probleme des Kunden müssen personenbezogen erhoben werden. Da der Kunde an der Dienstleistung mitwirken soll, müssen auch seine Ressourcen, d. h. seine Fähigkeiten, Handlungsmöglichkeiten und der Grad seiner Bereitschaft der Mitwirkung erhoben werden.
 Das zukünftige Ergebnis, d. h. das Ziel der Dienstleistung, muss so weit wie möglich mit dem Kunden ausgehandelt und transparent gemacht werden. Dieses Ziel ist der Qualitätsmaßstab für den Kunden und den Dienstleister. Ein Ziel ist z. B. ein bestimmter Rehabilitations- oder Behandlungserfolg, das Erreichen eines Schulabschlusses oder ein bestimmtes Verhalten. Motivierende Gesprächsführung kann dafür ein Konzept sein.
 Auch die dazugehörigen Maßnahmen müssen mit dem Kunden geplant werden und ihm so weit wie möglich transparent oder plausibel sein, damit er motiviert und in der Lage ist, mitzuwirken.
 Die geplanten Maßnahmen müssen durchgeführt werden. Dabei kommt dem Dienstleister als Controller und Motivator eine besondere Rolle zu, da gerade im Bereich des Gesundheits-, Sozial- und Bildungswesen die Dispositionen der Kunden mitunter fragil sind. Vom Kunden wird häufig verlangt, dass er für die Dienstleistung bezahlt und auch noch für den Erfolg der Dienstleistung mitarbeitet oder gar leidet.
 Ziele und Maßnahmen müssen ausgewertet werden. Das bedeutet:
 Der Grad der Zielerreichung, d. h. der Grad des Erfolgs muss mit dem Kunden festgestellt werden.
 Die Sinnhaftigkeit der Zielerreichung und der Maßnahmen muss mit dem Kunden analysiert werden. Die zentrale Frage kann dabei lauten: "Den Plan haben wir erfüllt. War er auch gut?"
 Nach der Auswertung oder Zwischenauswertung können neue Ziele und Maßnahmen mit dem Kunden festgelegt werden.

Die Schwierigkeit für personenbezogene Dienstleister, wie z. B. Berater, Therapeuten oder Sozialarbeiter, besteht mitunter darin, dass sie keinen oder wenig Einblick oder Einfluss darauf haben, was der Kunde tatsächlich tut oder die Ziele und Maßnahmen nicht ausgewertet werden können, weil der Kunde nicht mehr mit dem Dienstleister zusammenkommt. Personenbezogene Dienstleister haben oft mit unvollständigen Dienstleistungsprozessen zu tun.

Sachbezogene Dienstleistungen
Bei sachbezogenen Dienstleistungen steht nicht so sehr die Person des Dienstleisters im Vordergrund, sondern dessen Dienstleistung als solche wie z. B. Gesundheitswesen, Gebäudereinigung, Speditionen, Kreditinstitute, Versicherungen, Telekommunikation, Unternehmenssoftware, Werbung.

Originäre Dienstleistungen

Hierbei handelt es sich um Dienstleistungen von Unternehmen, die ausschließlich oder überwiegend solche erbringen und keine materiellen Güter herstellen. Zu solchen Dienstleistungsunternehmen gehören z. B. Krankenhäuser, Banken, Versicherungen, Telekommunikationsunternehmen, Werbeagenturen, Reiseveranstalter, Speditionen, Paketdienste, Reinigungsunternehmen, Wäschereien und Abschleppdienste.

Ein Sonderfall sind die wissensintensiven Dienstleistungen, die von Freiberuflern erbracht werden. Für diese Dienstleistungsunternehmen geltenden Besonderheiten; siehe dazu Professional Service Firm.

Produktbegleitende / industrienahe Dienstleistungen

Unternehmen, die neben den Dienstleistungen auch materielle Güter herstellen, wie Fahrzeughersteller oder Produzenten von Investitionsgütern bieten sie an. Man spricht auch von hybriden Produkten. Industrielle Dienstleistungen werden zusätzlich zum physischen Produkt angeboten, das heißt, sie werden im Zusammenhang mit dem selbst erstellten physischen Produkt vermarktet. Daher werden industrielle Dienstleistungen als sekundäre Dienstleistungen bezeichnet, weil sie einen Zusatznutzen für den Kunden darstellen. Es handelt sich um Dienstleistungen, die in direkter oder indirekter Verbindung mit den Sachgütern für andere Unternehmen erstellt werden. Deshalb entsteht eine wirtschaftliche Abhängigkeit einer Dienstleistung von einem Sachgut.

After-Sales-Services

After-Sales-Services sind Dienstleistungen nach dem Kauf, etwa Ersatzteilversorgung, Wartung und Instandhaltung, Modernisierung (Retrofit), Teleservice.

Der Verkäufer ist bestrebt, seinen Kunden nach dem Verkauf einer Ware weiter zu betreuen, um eventuell zusätzliche Geschäfte tätigen zu können. Ein Hilfsmittel hierzu ist das Customer-Relationship-Management. Die professionelle Abwicklung des Kundendiensts, der Gewährleistungsarbeiten (Beschwerdemanagement), aber auch die weitere Betreuung des Kunden durch den Verkäufer (Vertriebsmitarbeiter) sind typische Aufgaben des After-Sales-Managements.

Im Bereich der Investitionsgüter (B2B-Marketing) wird ein geregelter After-Sales-Service vom Kunden erwartet. Häufig entwickelt sich erst durch intensive Nachbetreuung eine längerfristige Geschäftsbeziehung. Intensive Nachbetreuung soll die Kundenzufriedenheit, auch die Kundenbindung verbessern.

Rechtsfragen
Nach der Legaldefinition des  AEUV handelt es sich bei Dienstleistungen um Leistungen außerhalb des Waren- und Kapitalverkehrs, die in der Regel gegen Entgelt erbracht werden. Insbesondere gelten nach dieser Bestimmung gewerbliche, kaufmännische, handwerkliche und freiberufliche Tätigkeiten als Dienstleistung. Entgelt ist eine Gegenleistung für eine mit Gewinnerzielungsabsicht durchgeführte wirtschaftliche Tätigkeit. Damit liegt bei Dienstleistungen stets eine gewerbliche Tätigkeit vor. Ist keine Vergütung für eine Dienstleistung vereinbart, handelt es sich um einen Auftrag.

Gemäß  Abs. 1 GG gewährleistet der Bund im Bereich des Postwesens und der Telekommunikation flächendeckend angemessene und ausreichende Dienstleistungen, wobei diese Dienstleistungen als privatwirtschaftliche Tätigkeiten erbracht werden. Diese Regulierungsverantwortung des Bundes betrifft die Infrastruktur und garantiert die ständige Verfügbarkeit des Dienstleistungsangebots von Postdienstanbietern und Telekommunikationsunternehmen für jedermann.

Als allgemeine zivilrechtliche Rechtsgrundlage dient für Dienstleistungen der Dienstvertrag, bei dem nach  BGB der Dienstverpflichtete gegen Vergütung Dienste jeder Art für den Dienstberechtigten erbringen soll. Es handelt sich um einen individualrechtlichen Austauschvertrag zwischen Auftraggeber und Auftragnehmer über die unabhängige oder abhängige Leistung eines Dienstes gegen ein Entgelt. Durch diese weite Fassung werden von diesen Vorschriften auch Dienstverträge mit unselbständiger Tätigkeit (Arbeitsverträge) erfasst, weil die Arbeitsleistung eines Arbeitnehmers eine abhängige Dienstleistung darstellt. Daneben gibt es Dienstverträge mit selbständiger Tätigkeit durch Unternehmer oder Freiberufler mit wirtschaftlicher und sozialer Unabhängigkeit. Bei allen Dienstleistungen sind die Dienstleistungspflicht und die Vergütungspflicht vertragliche Hauptpflichten. Die Dienstleistung ist vom Dienstverpflichteten im Zweifel persönlich zu erbringen ( BGB). Diese persönliche Abhängigkeit trifft jedoch nicht auf gattungsmäßig umschriebene Tätigkeiten im Rahmen freier Dienstnehmer zu. Die Dienstleistungspflicht erfordert Sorgfalt beim Tätigwerden, nicht jedoch wie beim Werkvertrag den Erfolg.

Prozessmodell
Jede Dienstleistung ist Bestandteil eines Geschäftsprozesses, der i. d. R. aus mehreren Phasen besteht. In diesen Phasen treten charakteristische Akteure auf, die sich durch spezifische Aufgaben (Rollen) voneinander unterscheiden:

 In der Anbahnungsphase
 der Dienstleistungsanbieter, der die (Erbringung der) Dienstleistung anbietet und
 der Dienstleistungsnachfrager, der die (Erbringung der) Dienstleistung nachfragt.
 In der Vereinbarungsphase (auch: Vertragsphase)
 der Dienstleistungslieferant (Auftragnehmer), der den Auftrag zur Erbringung der Dienstleistung erhält und
 der Dienstleistungskunde (Auftraggeber), der die Erbringung der Dienstleistung beauftragt.
 In der Leistungsphase (auch: Durchführungs- oder operative Phase)
 der Dienstleistungserbringer, der die Dienstleistung persönlich erbringt und
 der Dienstleistungskonsument, der die Dienstleistung (bzw. deren Ergebnis) persönlich in Anspruch nimmt bzw. von der erbrachten Dienstleistung persönlich profitiert. Je nachdem, ob der Konsument im Dienstleistungsvertrag als Begünstigter vorgesehen ist oder nicht, erfolgt der Konsum (d. h. die Inanspruchnahme) der Dienstleistung berechtigterweise oder unberechtigterweise.
 Ebenfalls auf der operativen Ebene ist der Begriff des externen Faktors angesiedelt. Er bezeichnet eine Person oder Sache, die kein Eigentum des Dienstleisters ist (daher "extern") und an der die Dienstleistung vollzogen wird. Oft sind für ein Gelingen der Dienstleistung auch Unterstützungsleistungen (Beistellungen) des Auftraggebers erforderlich (z. B. Räumlichkeiten, Arbeitsmittel, Informationen, persönliche Mitwirkung).
 Hinzu kommen Personen bzw. Organisationseinheiten, die an der Erbringung der Dienstleistung nur mittelbar beteiligt sind, und zwar durch dispositive Aufgaben (z. B. Planung, Steuerung und Koordination der Leistungserbringung).
 In der Gegenleistungsphase
 der Empfänger der zwischen Auftraggeber und Auftragnehmer vereinbarten Gegenleistung (i. d. R. Entgelt) und
 der Erbringer der Gegenleistung.

In der Realität werden die Rollen des Dienstleistungsanbieters, -lieferanten und -erbringers sowie des Gegenleistungsempfängers oft von verschiedenen Personen bzw. Organisationseinheiten wahrgenommen, in einfachen Fällen aber auch von ein und derselben Person (z. B. Taxifahrer). Gleiches gilt für die Rollen des Dienstleistungsnachfragers, -kunden und -konsumenten sowie des Gegenleistungserbringers. Ebenso können die Rollen des externen Faktors und des Dienstleistungskonsumenten in einer Person zusammenfallen.

Wirtschaftliche Aspekte
Die aus den Merkmalen von Dienstleistungen hervorgehenden Eigenheiten gegenüber der Produktion von Sachgütern bedürfen einer besonderen Berücksichtigung in der betrieblichen Aufbau- und Ablauforganisation. Die Qualität einer Dienstleistung kann schwanken; dies ist schwierig zu messen bzw. zu bewerten (Qualitätsmanagement und Qualitätskontrolle). Der mangelnden Lager- und Transportfähigkeit kann einerseits durch geeignete Kapazitätspolitik und andererseits durch Beachtung der Warteschlangentheorie (etwa in Behörden) begegnet werden. Die Untrennbarkeit von Dienstleister und Dienstleistung und die Synchronität von Herstellung und Verbrauch lassen sich durch Online-Dienste (etwa Online-Banking) beseitigen. Zusätzlich zum Leistungsergebnis einer Dienstleistung erlangt insbesondere der Leistungserstellungsprozess (Integration des externen Faktors) sowie das Leistungspotenzial (z. B. Erscheinungsbild und Kompetenz eines Unternehmensberaters) an Bedeutung. Alle drei so genannten Leistungsdimensionen werden in die Bewertung der Dienstleistungsqualität mit einbezogen.

Nahezu jedes Angebot eines Unternehmens enthält eine Dienstleistungskomponente, wobei der Dienstleistungsanteil gering oder hoch sein kann. Dienstleistungen sind sehr personalintensiv, weil sie in der Regel nicht als Massenware produziert werden können und die Aufmerksamkeit eines Menschen erfordern, der auf die Bedürfnisse des Kunden eingeht. Die Personalkosten weisen daher normalerweise den höchsten Anteil an den Gesamtkosten aus. Der Gegenwert von Dienstleistungen wird beispielsweise Entgelt, Gebühr, Marktzins oder Provision genannt. Wie bei Sachgütern beinhaltet er eine Gewinnspanne. Bei der öffentlichen Verwaltung genügt für die Entgeltlichkeit die vollständige oder teilweise Kostendeckung.

Die Summe aller in einer Volkswirtschaft in einem Jahr hergestellten Güter und Dienstleistungen nennt man Bruttoinlandsprodukt. Somit erfasst diese volkswirtschaftliche Kennzahl auch die erbrachten Dienstleistungen. In der Drei-Sektoren-Hypothese wird die Volkswirtschaft eingeteilt in den Primärsektor der Rohstoffproduktion, den Sekundärsektor des verarbeitenden Gewerbes und den Tertiärsektor der Dienstleistungen. Der zu beobachtende Trend zur Dienstleistungsgesellschaft führt zu einem zunehmenden Anteil des Dienstleistungssektors am Bruttoinlandsprodukt zu Lasten des Primär- und Sekundärsektors. Die Dienstleistungsbilanz als Teil der Zahlungsbilanz erfasst alle exportbedingten Zahlungseinnahmen und importbedingten Zahlungsausgaben im Handel mit grenzüberschreitenden Dienstleistungen.

Literatur

Weblinks

 Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis): Daten und Aufsätze zum Thema Dienstleistungen
 Falsche Kategorien oder verkehrte Welt? – Eine Kritik des Dienstleistungsbegriffs und der Außenhandelskategorien am Beispiel der Globalisierungsdiskussion

Einzelnachweise

Wirtschaftszweig
!
Betriebswirtschaftslehre

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text:
Q: Android ExpandableListView IndexOutOfBoundsException after remove item Got IndexOutOfBoundsException after delete item from ExpandableListView.
My errors:

java.lang.IndexOutOfBoundsException: Invalid index 3, size is 3
          at java.util.ArrayList.throwIndexOutOfBoundsException(ArrayList.java:255)
          at java.util.ArrayList.get(ArrayList.java:308)

My ListAdapter:
@Override
public View getGroupView(int groupPosition, boolean isExpanded, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
    BookmarkParentModel bookmarkParent = (BookmarkParentModel) getGroup(groupPosition);
    if (convertView == null) {
        LayoutInflater inf = (LayoutInflater) mContext.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
        convertView = inf.inflate(R.layout.header_bookmark, null);
    }

    TextView bookmarkHeader = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.bookmark_header);
    TextView bookmarkCount = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.bookmark_count);
    bookmarkHeader.setText(bookmarkParent.getString1().trim());
    bookmarkCount.setText(bookmarkParent.getString2().trim());
    return convertView;
}

@Override
public View getChildView(int groupPosition, int childPosition, boolean isLastChild, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
    BookmarkChildModel bookmarkChild = (BookmarkChildModel) getChild(groupPosition, childPosition);
    if (convertView == null) {
        LayoutInflater infalInflater = (LayoutInflater) mContext.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
        convertView = infalInflater.inflate(R.layout.child_bookmark, null);
    }
    TextView letterName = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.letter_name);
    TextView bookmarkDate = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.bookmark_date);
    letterName.setText(bookmarkChild.getString1().trim());
    bookmarkDate.setText(bookmarkChild.getString2().trim());

    return convertView;
}

Any help will be highly appreciated. Thank you.

A: I found my answer
@Override
public View getGroupView(int groupPosition, boolean isExpanded, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
    if (convertView == null) {
        LayoutInflater inf = (LayoutInflater) mContext.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
        convertView = inf.inflate(R.layout.header_bookmark, null);
    }

    if (groupPosition < getGroupCount()) {
        BookmarkParentModel bookmarkParent = (BookmarkParentModel) getGroup(groupPosition);
        TextView bookmarkHeader = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.bookmark_header);
        TextView bookmarkCount = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.bookmark_count);
        bookmarkHeader.setText(bookmarkParent.getString1().trim());
        bookmarkCount.setText(bookmarkParent.getString2().trim());
    }

    return convertView;
}

@Override
public View getChildView(int groupPosition, int childPosition, boolean isLastChild, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
    if (convertView == null) {
        LayoutInflater infalInflater = (LayoutInflater) mContext.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
        convertView = infalInflater.inflate(R.layout.child_bookmark, null);
    }

    if (childPosition < getChildrenCount(groupPosition)) {
        BookmarkChildModel bookmarkChild = (BookmarkChildModel) getChild(groupPosition, childPosition);
        TextView letterName = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.letter_name);
        TextView bookmarkDate = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.bookmark_date);
        letterName.setText(bookmarkChild.getString1().trim());
        bookmarkDate.setText(bookmarkChild.getString2().trim());
    }
    return convertView;
}

A: There must be an issue with your adapter and data size . Kindly share complete adapter class then i can resolve your problem precisely .
Or
check if you are updating the size after deletion of the data?

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I am married to fellow Mumfidential writer Ginnie and we have a daughter, Nancy and a second baby on the way. I work for Brakes food service company and before that was at Sainsbury's where I had the enviable job of being the beer & cider buyer. A career in the food industry seemed like the natural progression for someone with an Art History degree. I devote as much of my spare time as possible to Nancy taking her to the swings, reading to her and tidying up after her. When I am not spending time with my girls I like to shop for food, cook, and eat.


Virgin have annouced they will be increasing the price of Broadband by an average of £2.68 per month only weeks after they staged a significant advertising campaign announcing plans to double speeds for over 4 million Virgin Media customers. No mention was made during the advertising campaign about increasing the monthly subcription fee (they probably just forgot).
Many customers are not very happy about this and rightly so, it's misleading to say the least and it's not as if the customers have had any choice in the matter. Richard has decided to upgrade your broadband and bill you for it later.
'Doubling everyone's speed is a pretty big job' expensive too i bet, perhaps you should blow less of your budget on the marketing campaign and more on the upgrade!
That said, if the upgrade delivers what's promised, and speeds are doubled accross the UK then that's a pretty good leap forward for UK Broadband, especially as Virgin currently offer some of the fastest broadband speeds currently available in the UK.
If however, further price hikes are a necessary part of the 'improved service' roadmap Virgin might want to consider being more transparent with these plans and associated costs and offer customers a choice to either retain their current speed at no extra cost, or pay more a month for additional speed.
Virgin have stated these additional costs are part of the 'annual review of bundle prices'. That's fair enough Richard, so long as you don't mind when customers in turn want to review their bundle prices, and perhaps make a change midway through an 18 month contract.
Also worth pointing out, advertised prices on Virgin's website for perspective new customers haven't changed, that's not to say they won't change after signing the contract. Buyer beware.
Virgin Terms & Condition's state under section J, paragraph 5c that should 'Virgin' increase their respective charges you may cancel those services affected without penalty by giving 'Virgin' at least 30 days notice in writing. Such notice must be given within 30 days of the increase in charges of changes to the services affected or this agreement being notified to you.


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Anterior patellar opening with patellar buttress relieves patellar pressure, holds the patella in position, provides massaging action for increased blood flow and quicker healing. Anatomical shape allows perfect fitting, good grip and no bunching on knee bending.
Anti tourniquet strapping ensure no constriction to blood flow but better grip of the product to the body.


The garden markers are dressing up!
Beauty weekend for the KNOWMO garden markers: I'm doing tests with different surface treatments, the black surfaces are ready to write on, I rusted the steal of some and varnished it afterwards, and others I just varnished to avoid rusting.
All together, they are now sitting on my backyard bench while they dry out, and I thought they are a nice crowd worth a group photo… which one you like best?


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Lutherans respond to SA abortion bill
The LCA/NZ's Lutherans for Life (LFL) has responded to the new 'Termination of Pregnancy Bill 2020', which is before the South Australian parliament, with a public statement and call to action for the church.
Introduced into South Australia's Legislative Council by Human Services Minister the Hon Michelle Lensink in October, it sought to remove abortion from SA's criminal legislation, instead treating it as a health issue.
However, the LFL response says 'the detail of the bill tells a different story'.
'Currently in South Australia abortion is available until a maximum cut off of 28 weeks gestation with the agreement of two doctors, or after that to save the life of the mother', LFL says. 'This new bill allows for abortion on request until 22 weeks and 6 days, and after that if two doctors consider it "medically appropriate". In this latter category no upper time limit is given, nor is the term "medically appropriate" defined … the extension of abortion effectively up until birth … will enable abortion of viable babies who would otherwise be capable of being born alive and living independently of their mothers.'
LFL, which is accountable to the church through the Commission on Social and Bioethical Questions, also called on all LCA/NZ members to pray and for those in South Australia to contact their local member of parliament about the bill.
'We encourage all members of our Church to pray that our society is moved to the conviction that all life is sacred and so in need of protection', the response says.
The full response is available from the Lutherans for Life website.
READ MORE STORIES ABOUT abortion, Lutherans for Life, social issues
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The little church that's growing 'too fast' »


"For the last 10 years since I've been a professional, I've been dabbling with drums from German maker, Christian Hedwitschak. While I have played many drums over the years, I always keep coming back to the Hedwitschak drums.
Rim: Solid beech layers with fiddle bottom maple.
After much fighting (which I won) the drum comes with a bar on the inside, a controversial move, but, it can be removed with ease, just 4 small screws if it's not for you. I've ALWAYS preferred to have a bar, to me, it's not restrictive. If it's far enough from the skin, I find it really helps with stability and leverage for tone. I know I'm one of the few that like it, but it's worked for me so far.
I have always preferred to play a Lambeg skin, it has a bit more attack and can take the kind of high-tension that I like for concert performance. At the same time it has plenty of low-end range and bass warmthif I choose to tune it down to play sessions or acoustic.
The tuning system is designed especially for high-tension, a brand new Hedwitschak System JUST FOR ME!! YEEEEOOOO. It's a 5 tuner system. It's the perfect amount if you need to tune during a performance and the ease of travelling without a tuning key or screwdriver is the only way to go!
The tuning system is designed to be able to have the drum at a high-tension and hold it there if that's what you need. This is ideal for me as I require a tighter drum for speed and need it to be able to stay tight during a gig without too much tuning.
It gives me great pleasure to now be able to offer the E.M Coreline from eamonmurray.ie. A lovely little drum for those of you who maybe aren't ready to make the giant leap into a full customised drum.
It's the same dimensions are my regular E.M Sig and delivers an unbelievable sound. It's clean, simple and perfect for improvers and session lovers.
It has the spine of the skin running through the centre of the drum. This part of the skin is slightly thicker and tougher than the rest so you get a lovely attack and high-end, whilst having the warmth and bassy open note.


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PCMag India Software & Services Personal Finance
byKathy Yakal Aug 13, 2021
NerdWallet offers excellent money-tracking tools, mobile apps, and personal finance tips, but it also has minimal transaction management and a sprawling site layout.
Tracks income and expenses
Thorough handling of credit score issues
Useful editorial content
Strong financial product browsing and educational tools
Good mobile apps
Unusual home page design
Minimal transaction management
Few transaction categories
Its partners have some influence on editorial coverage
NerdWallet's mission is to provide consumers and small businesses with the tools, information, and insight they need to make financial decisions. Those elements take two primary forms: excellent, well-written articles about personal finance topics, and seemingly endless offers for credit cards, mortgages, and other financial products. Like competing personal finance apps, NerdWallet lets you track your net worth and cash flow, and learn about your credit score.
The site is totally free, supported by offers and recommendations from financial product providers. Although NerdWallet combines some aspects of Credit Karma and Mint, the Editors' Choice pick for free personal finance services, it lacks some of those services' strengths, such as budget tracking, robust account management tools, and a tightly focused state-of-the-art user experience.
NerdWallet's home page contains a link to its account management tools, but your personal financial data isn't prominently featured.
A word here about the site's advertiser disclosure. NerdWallet doesn't hide the fact that it works with partners who compensate the company in exchange for coverage. NerdWallet states that the outside influence stops there; the service's reviews and advice are based on the NerdWallet staff's research.
An Unusual Home Page
NerdWallet revamped much of its user interface and navigation tools since the last time I reviewed it. In the old site design, you'd see your credit score right off the bat, along with a comparison of the current month's spending and the previous month's. Now, there are eight boxes representing the site's core content areas: Credit Cards, Investing, Insurance, Student Loans, Mortgages, Personal Loans, Banking, and Travel. When you click one of those options, a page opens displaying links to tools, related editorial content that serves up financial advice, and product options (like, "Compare the top credit cards") at the top. For example, when you click Personal Loans, you see links to a payment calculator, as well as shopping pages for unsecured personal loans and loans that consolidate high-interest debt. NerdWallet's editorial content appears farther down the page.
You can sort results in each section. Under Credit Cards, for example, you can search for cards that offer the best rewards, cash back, and balance transfers perks. You can also compare cards, read reviews and excellent editorial content, and use tools like a simple retirement calculator and fee analyzer. This is a fantastic resource that you might want to revisit occasionally. Obviously, you shouldn't go product-hopping, and make multiple changes in a short period of time, as that could damage your credit score.
Each type of financial product covered by NerdWallet has its own home page, though editorial content is sprinkled throughout the site.
Below these boxes is a link to the signup page for your NerdWallet account, My NerdWallet (you can also get there by clicking a link in the upper right corner). The rest of the page highlights articles about personal finance topics and guides to financial products. Unfortunately, the home page lacks the account overview, income/expense graphs, and task reminders that competitors offer on their home pages.
There's additional navigational help on this page, though. Three drop-down menus at the top of the screen take you to a directory that houses NerdWallet's editorial coverage of financial products ("best of" articles, reviews, guides, and tips). The menu also links to a set of financial calculators. A link in the site's upper-right area opens a window that contains your net worth and credit score.
NerdWallet's user experience would be more effective if the company reduced the website's real estate. It's not a bad user interface; in fact, it's pretty easy to find your way around on individual pages, once you learn how the site is laid out. There's just a lot to take in. This interface sprawl requires an excess of scrolling. That said, individual screens are clean and attractive. Everything is legible and clear. Still, it's puzzling why everything is so spread out. You must scroll down to see content available on most pages. There's nothing above the fold that gives you a table of contents for that screen. Other sites do bleed content below the fold, of course, but not as far, and they generally show more content up front.
My NerdWallet focuses on three areas: net worth, cash flow, and your credit score.
You must open My NerdWallet to find NerdWallet's personal finance management tools. You can also get to it by clicking My Dashboard. Personal finance sites typically refer to a site's opening page as the Dashboard, but in this case, you must click an unmarked graphic symbol. You might find it by accident when you're just clicking around on the site. It would be helpful if NerdWallet made the link to your own data more prominent on the home page. The site emphasizes learning about personal finance and presenting financial product information and reviews.
There are three links at the top of My NerdWallet that take you to this section's three content types. The first is Net Worth. To add your financial accounts, you click a link, select your financial institution (or search for it), and enter your login credentials and any other security information required. Once you've linked your financial accounts, your net worth number appears in the Net Worth box. That box is divided into three areas: Financial Assets, Debt, and Home Equity. The boxes containing the totals in these areas are not interactive. You must scroll down the page to see them broken out into individual accounts, such as Cash, Property, and Credit Cards.
You click on individual accounts to see their details. Their pages give you the option to hide the account from your net worth total and from all calculations and screens. Below that is the account's details, such as Balance, Available Credit, and Payment Due Date. I only saw the balances for my linked credit cards. It may be that those particular banks don't include that information in their imports.
Click the Transactions tab to jump to the account register. This doesn't resemble a paper account register like competitors offer. It's more graphical, colorful, and aesthetically pleasing. If you click a transaction, a window opens that displays its Account, Date, Amount, Place, Type (spent or received) and Category. You can edit the transaction if you need to change the Category, for example (though NerdWallet did a pretty good job of guessing). You can also check a box to hide the transaction from calculations.
This is fairly basic transaction management. NerdWallet lacks options that competitors offer, such as flagging the transaction, splitting it among categories, adding tags, or including an attachment. It took me four clicks to finally see an individual transaction; most personal finance services typically require one. You can, though, manually add transactions, and click a prominent link to refresh the account (sometimes this is hard to find).
NerdWallet's transaction detail windows contain the basic information you need, but nothing more.
Two More Personal Finance Elements
Cash Flow is the second of My NerdWallet's three elements. This screen displays your estimated income (the site used to ask for this upfront, but you can click a link to add it now), which may work well for W-2 employees. That said, it may prove difficult for self-employed people. Below that are totals for what you've spent so far in a month, and any upcoming bills that NerdWallet has learned about (you can add your own for tracking purposes, but you can't pay them through the site like you can with Quicken Deluxe). The right side of the Cash Flow page displays graphs comparing your income and expenses from the current month compared to the previous one and a 3-month average. You can also click a link to see related transactions. Spending details appear at the bottom of this page, like top expense categories (NerdWallet's list is fairly sparse) and places where you've spent the most money.
My NerdWallet's third element looks at your credit score. Click Credit Score, and your credit score appears, along with a graph that shows where your score falls. A historical line graph showing your credit score changes is available here, too. You can now view this graph within date ranges that span from one month to two years. Previously, only one month was available.
Below this, you'll see suggested credit cards, and a list of the credit factors that contribute to your score. Click one, and a screen opens containing more detail. Tips and common questions appear below this list. When you return to the main Credit Score page, you can access additional data, such as your complete TransUnion credit report. There are interactive tools, too. The Credit Simulator estimates what would happen to your credit score if you, for example, decreased your credit balances by X or let X number of accounts go past due. Finally, there's an online community you can join.
NerdWallet's closest competitor in terms of credit score support is Credit Karma, though it offers two major features that Credit Karma lacks: voluminous editorial content and basic income- and expense-tracking tools. In terms of providing information about your credit score and how you might improve it, the two sites are fairly comparable, though Credit Karma offers a superior user experience. It also contains scores and reports from two reporting agencies, NerdWallet is restricted to one: TransUnion.
NerdWallet can't compete with Mint or Quicken Deluxe in the financial management arena, but its basic tools help you track your spending.
The NerdWallet iPhone app (left) has a different home page than the one on the browser-based version. It shows net worth, credit score, and cash flow right at the top. You use the icons at the bottom of the Android (right) app's screen to navigate your way around.
NerdWallet's Mobile Apps
Download NerdWallet's Android or iOS app if you want to check your credit score and take a quick look at your spending and income when you're away from your computer. Both versions look and work similarly. Although the apps lack the NerdWallet website's editorial content, they include the interactive personal finance tools and data. Plus, navigating the mobile apps is better than navigating the website. I'd use these apps exclusively if I regularly consulted the service.
The Home button takes you to your home page, which is different—and better—than the one on the desktop-based version, since it displays your net worth, credit score, and cash flow right at the top of the screen. The Credit button takes you to your Credit page, and Cash Flow and Net Worth open screens similar to the ones on the browser-based version. The Optimize icon takes you to a new tool that compares your credit cards to higher-earning ones.
A link in the upper corner opens a menu of housekeeping options, including account management, transfers, and notifications (you can ask to be notified when, for example, your credit score is updated or there's unusual activity in your spending). You can also browse articles from here. These apps are excellent.
Free Money Management
NerdWallet is a massive site that offers a lot of value between its financial advice articles, tools, and reviews—and all for free. Its pages are attractive, but the site sprawls and requires a lot of scrolling in exchange for that aesthetic.
Mint and Quicken Deluxe—our Editors' Choice picks for free and paid financial apps, respectively—remain the top dogs for their superior income and expense management, as well as their exceptional user experiences. Though they don't provide NerdWallet's product-oriented educational content and tools, Mint and Quicken offer credit scores, budget, reports, and related guidance. You should use one of them in conjunction with NerdWallet to get the complete financial service experience.
For more on personal finance, check out Get Organized: How to Take Control of Your Personal Finances and Raising Saving-Savvy Kids: How to Talk to Your Children About Money.
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About Kathy Yakal
Kathy Yakal has been annoying computer magazine editors since 1983, when she got her first technology writing job because she tagged along with her ex-husband on a job interview. She started freelancing and specializing in financial applications when PCs became financial tools for consumers and small businesses (after a stint at a high-end accounting software company). She's written for numerous publications over the years, and about the only one that's survived her besides PC Magazine (where she started writing in 1993) is Barron's. When she can get the cats off her desk, she writes for @Work and Solutions, as well as contributing product reviews.
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As spring approaches, do you have a bug lover who would love to get their hands on some new bug books? I've got ten bug books your kids will love. From abc books, to poetry books, to silly fiction books and board books, we've found something for everyone.
This is a cute and unique board book that features cut out and dimensional bugs throughout the book. There is no story too it, but instead focuses on vocabulary words related to each bug. There are nouns and adjectives that describe what the bug looks like, body parts, environment, or general information related to each bug. Then there are also verbs that describe the bug and what it does. I love how unique this book is and think kids will love to learn new vocabulary while feeling the shapes and cutouts of the book.
The bright illustrations in this book make for a fun read. Each page is an alliteration with different bugs doing various things that start with the same letter (ladybugs laugh, moths mingle, etc.) A fun and easy read yet a good introduction to different vocabulary and basic alliteration.
This book has great illustrations that kids will love. There is so much going on in each picture with bright beautiful colors. The book is all about different things that bugs do (using all different verbs) - hide, hunt, hop, glide, swim, etc. At the end, it has a page with pictures of all different bugs and labels so you can learn the exact names.
This is a cute story about a spider who just wants to be a family pet, but the family has other ideas. Every time they see her they are scared and take her out of their house. They finally change their mind after seeing the beautiful sparkly webs she makes outside. This is definitely a relatable story for when you find spiders in your house!
This is a good read especially for kids who are grossed out by bugs. It explores lots of different types of bugs (through short rhymes) and features a lot of the "gross" things about bugs. The illustrations are really cute and colorful and will help kids realize bugs aren't so bad!
The grouchy ladybug meets other animals (going in size from smallest to largest) and challenges them to a fight, only to tell them they aren't big enough. Each animal has a different time on the page so children can work on telling time and ordering by size as they follow the ladybug on her journey.
This is a fun addition to this bug book collection because it is a poetry book. Each page is a different poem about a different bug. It is a great introduction to poetry as well as to different bugs and crawly creatures.
This is another fun abc book where each page has a different bug, but then it also gives facts about each bug. I like that the details about each bug aren't always the common facts and sometimes give more intriguing details. Perfect for kiddos who love bugs.
This is a funny book written in a diary format. Woven throughout the funny tale there are definitely facts to be learned about worms and other insects and what they can and can't do even though the story is fiction.
This is very similar to Diary of a Worm mentioned above except for that the main character it is a spider. It is still a fiction story and a funny one at that, but there are also real facts about spiders and other bugs that are mentioned throughout the book.
Which of the ten bug books are you excited to try out?
Looking for more bug activities? Check out my Bug Themed Tens Frame Game along with lots of other bug themed freebies from my blogger friends.


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Q: Software Alternative to RAID for Home Use I have a ton of data that I've been keeping 2 complete copies of between my Desktop and Laptop for a couple years now; I figure its about time to buy some more drives and make sure I don't lose any of it due to drive failure and whatnot.
At first I was looking to RAID, but then I started to wonder if there are good purely software solutions to use for redundancy on a PC containing multiple drives. In my mind I picture having one empty drive with a capacity as large as or larger than each other drive; to hold the re-construction of a possible failed drive etc.
Is there anything reliable out there for a purpose like this? Also what is the drive/hardware setup recommended for such a task.
Edit: To clarify, I'm not against RAID and I would be willing to just use Backup solutions, I'm mostly curious to see what other options are out there for the situation I described. Thanks.

A: There are a few ways to tackle this.  If you're after availability, RAID's the way to go.  If you're after redundancy, RAID or some form of file replication will solve the problem, albeit with caveats.
File replication (eg: rsync or RoboCopy) will give you two (or more) copies of your data at a very specific point in time spread over multiple spindles.

*

*Upside: A OS / filesystem failure will not trash your offline replica.  This works great for offsite backups.

*Downside: You either need to build automation or follow a manual process to sync your data; your data is only as fresh as your last sync.  You need to be aware of open files, and what they will resemble when the file arrives on the replica.  As an example, database files are not safe to copy without snapshotting, quiescing or shutting down the database server as they will be inconsistent.

RAID is an availability technique used to keep your server up when it throws a disk.  By virtue of mirroring or parity, the data can be regenerated onto a new disk under limited, well defined failure conditions.

*

*Upside: Your server doesn't have to die just because a spindle has.

*Downside: Can't (sensibly) remove a spindle to form consistent, quiesced storage (yes, I'm aware of ways to do it.  Just don't.  Please :) ).  Any failure mode not explicitly covered by your chosen RAID level and implementation will result in data loss.  A RAID card or OS bug can end up silently corrupting data across all disks simultaneously.  Depending on the age of the disks, the act of regenerating the array can cause other disks to fail before the rebuild has completed, thus rendering the array useless.

My recommendation is to combine the two: Use a RAID to keep the environment running; replicate the contents to another disk to create offsite storage.
Remember: RAID is not a backup solution

A: Both Linux and Windows have built in RAID support. Windows XP and Vista support RAID1 and the server editions support RAID5, and you can set it up through the normal disk management screens.
Linux has full RAID support too (1, 5, 6, 10, and any combination of nested levels such as 1+0, 5+0).
If you want to avoid RAID completely for some reason then you could use rsync to maintain the duplicate copies.

A:
I have a ton of data that I've been keeping 2 complete copies of
  between my Desktop and Laptop for a couple years now; I figure its
  about time to buy some more drives and make sure I don't lose any
  of it due to drive failure and whatnot.

While you phrased your question in terms of local RAID storage, the fact that you're sharing data between machines makes me wonder if you might be better served by an online backup/syncing solution.
There are a number of online backup solutions that make this rather painless.  You might try one of them first, as the time and money investment for them is extremely low.
Dropbox http://getdropbox.com and JungleDisk http://jungledisk.com are two I can personally recommend.
Dropbox is great for automagic syncing between computers.  Great if you need local copies of the data at all times. Works great on OSX and Windows (and I believe there's a Linux client too.)
JungleDisk is backed by Amazon's S3 storage service and is more geared towards backups.  These backups are available on any machine via a mapped network drive.  Additionally you can use this network drive for arbitrary file storage as well.  The Pro version enabled features like fast differential backups for a few dollars a month.
I use JungleDisk on a number of production machines and it's extremely affordable; you pay only Amazon's low S3 rates.  For approximately 20GB of data storage a month, and considerable throughput, I pay something like $15.

A: There is software RAID built into new versions of Windows and Linux.  Have you considered just mirroring a drive for RAID1?
I'd like to add that simply mirroring a drive does not provide an adequate backup solution.  Data corruption can render that setup useless very quickly and with little-to-no warning.
If you're looking for a backup solution, I'm partial to Symantec Backup Exec.  We utilize the Desktop and Laptop Option to provide backups for end user machines.

A: There are many solutions to this, it really depends on what you are looking to accomplish, and what operating system you would like to use to solve it. I advocate using an opensolaris box with ZFS, because its expandable, cheap, and not to difficult to configure.
If you are more comfortable with linux, than the solution is your favorite distro+mdadm, which IMHO can be a nightmare when something goes wrong if you are using anything other than raid1.
Here are some solaris takes on the issue:
DIY: Home NAS Box with OpenSolaris and ZFS
EON (Embedded Operating system/Networking (EON), RAM based live ZFS NAS appliance is released on Genunix!) - is very cool as it boots off a flash drive, and as long as your hardware is compatible, works like a charm.

A: I don't see a reason why for your use case a pure software-raid is not perfect.
As far as alternatives are going I do not know of any freely (as in libre) available tools that operate on a single hardware node.
If you are out to buy something I'd recommend some cheap home NAS. The empty drive you are talking about is usually called a hot spare if I understand the question correctly


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text:
TOM CRAIG (1909-1969)
Town Near Hills, c. 1940s
14.25 x 21.5 inches | watercolor on paper
Tom Craig was born on June 16, 1909 in Upland, California to Dr. William Howard Craig and Lois Cheney. His father was a prominent doctor in Upland, and two of his siblings went on to become doctors. Coming from a scientific family, Craig took up botany at Pomona College in 1925. He took a leave of absence for two years in 1928 after contracting tuberculosis. For the sake of his health, Craig moved to Palm Springs hoping the warmer climate would help him improve. During his stay in the desert, Craig pursued painting as a form of therapy. After encouragement from a desert artist, Craig took an interest in painting seriously. When he returned to Los Angeles two years later, he began studying under Frank Tolles Chamberlain (1873-1961) and Clarence Hinkle (1880-1960).
Craig enrolled for a second time in Pomona College in 1930, studying both botany and fine art. It was at Pomona College where Craig met fellow artist Milford Zornes (1908-2008), with whom he developed a lasting friendship throughout his college years. In 1930, Craig and Zornes insisted on studying under Millard Sheets (1907-1989) at Pomona College, although he was located at a different college. It was Millard Sheets and Thomas Beggs (1899-1990), the head of Pomona College's Art Department, who first encouraged Craig to be serious about his art. (American Scene Painting 85). Together, Tom Craig and Milford Zornes traveled around the California coast, painting and working together. Craig's first exhibition at the Mad Hatter Restaurant in Laguna Beach, California was a dual exhibition with Zornes. They continued their friendship throughout college until Zornes married and Craig began teaching at Occidental College in Glendale, California. Craig graduated from Pomona college in 1934 with a degree in Botany.
Craig's fame began to rise as he was included in various exhibitions throughout California. His awards fueled his reputation as an upcoming artist in both oil and watercolor paintings. In the summer of 1937, Craig was a part of an organized exhibition that traveled throughout California; the exhibition was titled "The California Group." Craig represented Southern California along with nine other artists. Alfred Frankenstein from the San Francisco Chronicle commented on Craig's work, writing that he was, "one of America's finest water colorists" and called him "the master of Mist and Water" (American Scene Painting 60). The group exhibition was well received and furthered Craig's reputation in the California Style. In addition, the phrase "master-of-mist-and-water" would stick with Craig throughout his career. This came from his technique of wet-on-wet, a style that he worked on continuously in Northern California.
Family was a major motivation for Craig continuing his art. In 1938 he married Frances Stack, and would have five children with her in the duration of their marriage. The financial need to support his family led Craig to teaching at both Chouinard and the University of Southern California. Additionally he grew irises for money, a hobby that continued throughout his life, and applied for a Guggenheim Fellowship. He was awarded the fellowship, and traveled throughout the Southwest painting mine towns. His travels took him through Nevada, Texas and parts of Mexico. When the War broke out, Craig applied to the War Department for a job as an artist war correspondent (American Scene Painting 86). He was hired in 1942 by Life magazine, and was sent to Asia briefly. After his time in Asia, he was re-stationed in Italy to the frontlines, where he sketched and painted G.I.s in action.
After the war, Craig decided to focus mainly on his botany and retired from painting. He moved with his family to Escondido, California, to a 250 acre farm purchased before the war. He turned to his love of botany, and cultivated irises for the remainder of his life. He painted occasionally, but turned the majority of his attention to raising hybrid flowers and experimenting in botany. His influence on painters through his years at Pomona, Occidental, the University of Southern California and Chouinard was undeniable. He had been a major influence on the California Style, with his wet-on-wet technique. Tom Craig died in 1969 in his native town of Upland, California.
"His distinction is that he paints pure poetry. With a low-toned, limited palette he achieves small miracles that delight the contemplative...What distinguishes these pieces is their artistic unity and that subtlety of variation which comes only from acute sensibility to nature." –Alfred Frankenstein, San Francisco art critic
Tom Craig is remembered as one of the first artists working in the California Style. The California Style emerged during the 1930s and 1940s; "It was characterized by large format size, free, bold brush work, and strong, dark, rich colors" (American Scene Painting 44).Craig began painting while recovering from tuberculosis, but did not take his art seriously until after taking classes with Millard Sheets. Sheets was another pioneer in the California Style, and influenced Craig's art immensely. Craig worked primarily in watercolor, but painted in oils as well, winning several awards in both mediums. Craig's subjects were typically the landscape of Northern California. California artists during this time were known for painting outdoors or relying on their sketches of nature to complete a painting, using the medium of watercolor. Craig joined the California Water Color Society, which helped promote his art in various exhibitions; the artists in the California Water Color Society are credited with creating the California Style.
Craig was also associated with a group of Southern California artists who painted Regionalist subjects. These were subjects that showed their native lands; they created both positive and negative urban and rural views, and often incorporated social or political commentary (American Scene Painting 19). Southern California was going through immense change because of the Great Depression and the New Deal, which was reflected in Craig's work. "Southern California, with its Hispanic legacy, large population of Pacific Asians, and influx of European émigrés, was conditioned by its multicultural nature. Murals and paintings of the California scene such as Tom Craig's Plaza Los Angeles, 1935, reflected that reality" (American Scene Painting 19). Craig's early paintings of California documented the changes he saw throughout California, associating him with the American Scene movement.
"Tom Craig's favorite medium was watercolor, and his style is notable for its use of the wet-on-wet technique to depict foggy and rainy days" (Scenes of California Life, 1930-1950 25). Craig's watercolors were best known for his use of his water-and-mist style. His art was given a positive review by the San Francisco Chronicle, dubbing him the "master of mist-and-water." His portrayals of foggy and rainy days were inspired from Northern California and he would often travel north for his paintings after recovering from tuberculosis. The Los Angeles County Museum of Art website notes that, "Characteristic of the California watercolor style were vigorous brushwork, a bold palette, a large format, and references to oriental painting." Craig used wide, vigorous brushstrokes throughout the majority of his paintings, and typically painted landscapes. Additionally, it was noted that Craig would travel far distances from his Southern California home for the perfect painting without being bothered by the miles travelled. This attitude would be useful when he was awarded the Guggenheim fellowship and travelled throughout the Southwest.
Craig applied for the Guggenheim fellowship and was awarded it, allowing him to travel throughout the Southwest and paint. He focused on mining towns; however he focused his paintings on the mundane instead of the mining industry. For example, in Mining Town I, from 1941, Craig focused the painting on the dirt road, and mist can be seen covering the mountains. His deserted town comments on the booming industry of mining and the effects it had once the mine "went dry" ("Thomas Craig").
Later in his career, Craig traveled to the South to paint African-Americans and the reality they lived in. He did this series of paintings in oil, breaking away from his watercolor landscapes. He was credited with painting them realistically yet maintaining their dignity in his art. He also travelled to Asia and Italy during World War II as an artist correspondent for Life magazine. He painted or sketched the soldiers in action from the front lines. After his time spent overseas Craig decided to retire from painting, leaving behind an impressive collection of both watercolors and oil paintings.
1934 Third Prize, All-California Art Exhibition, Los Angeles Art Association
1935 Third Prize, California Water Color Society
1936 First Prize, Oils, Laguna Beach Art Association
1938 First Award, California State Fair
1939 Purchase Prize, California Water Color Society
1940 Second Prize, Oils, Golden Gate International Exposition
1941 Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship
1941 Maitland Prize, Second Annual Exhibition of Artists of Los Angeles and Vicinity
1942 Purchase Prize, Chaffey Community Art Association
1943 Watson F. Blair Purchase Prize, International Water Color Exhibition, Art Institute of Chicago
American Artists Congress
Bay Region Art Association
California Water Color Society
Laguna Beach Art Association
Pennsylvania Watercolor Society
Philadelphia Watercolor Society
San Diego Art Guild
San Francisco Art Association
Society of Independent Artists
California Palace of the Legion of Honor
Chaffey Community Art Association
Santa Barbara Museum of Art
Seattle Museum of Art
1909 Born on June 16th in Upland, CA
Mid 1920's Studies Botany at the University of California, Berkeley
1925 Enrolls in Pomona College
1928 Contracts tuberculosis and moves to Palm Springs for his health
1930 Returns to Los Angeles and studies under Frank Tolles Chamberlain and Clarence Hinkle
1930 Returns to Pomona College
1934 Graduates Phi Beta Kappa from Pomona College, CA
1934 Receives a degree in Botany
1934 Begins having frequent solo exhibitions throughout California
1935 Teaches at Occidental College and the University of Southern California
1938 Teaches at Chouinard School of Art
1938 Marries Frances Stack
1941 Teaches a series of workshops for the Fine Arts Gallery in San Diego, CA
1941 Receives Guggenheim Fellowship and travels throughout the Southwest
1942 Hired by Life magazine as a World War II artist-correspondent in Italy
1946 Represents California in the Watson-Guptill publication, Watercolor Demonstrated
1950 Moves to Escondido and retires from painting
1967 California Water Color Society is renamed the California National Water Color Society
1969 Dies in Upland, CA
1. American Scene Painting: California, 1930s and 1940s. Ed. Ruth Lilly Westphal and Janet Blake Dominik. Westphal Publishing, 1991.
2. Hughes, Edan Milton. Artists in California, 1786-1940. San Francisco: Hughes Pub. Co., 1989.
3. Moure, Nancy Dustin Wall. The California Water Color Society: prize winners 1931-1954. Los Angeles: 1975.
4. Regionalism: The California View; Watercolors 1929-1945. Santa Barbara: Santa Barbara Museum of Art, 1988.
5. Scenes of California Life, 1930-1950: Todd Madigan Gallery, California State University, Bakersfield, March 9-April 10, 1991. Bakersfield: Dorian Society, California State University, 1991.
6. Stern, Jean. Selections from the Irvine Museum. Irvine: Irvine Museum, 1992.
7. "Thomas Craig." Artwork in Focus. Los Angeles County Museum of Art. 12 Dec. 2008. .
8. "Tom Theodore Craig." AskArt. 8 Nov. 2008 .
9. Who was who in American Art 1564-1975: 400 years of artists in America. Ed. Peter Hastings Falk. Madison: Sound View Press, 1999.
1943 Art Institute of Chicago, IL
1943 de Young Museum, CA
1942-1943 Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
1941 Second Annual Exhibition of Artists of Los Angeles and Vicinity, CA
1940s Rehs Gallery, NY
1940 Golden Gate International Exposition, CA
1939-1943 Whitney Museum of American Art, NY
1939 California Water Color Society
1939 California State Fair
1937-1945 Corcoran Gallery, Washington, DC
1937 Northwest PM, Seattle, WA
1937 Oakland Art Gallery, CA
1937 Sixteenth International Exhibition
1936-1943 Art Institute of Chicago, IL
1936 Brooklyn Museum, NY
1935 Los Angeles Ebell Art Patrons Exhibition, CA
1934 Los Angeles County Fair, CA
1934 All-California Exhibition, Los Angeles Art Association, CA
1934 Mad Hatter Restaurant, Laguna Beach, CA