The Isle of Man ( /ˈmæn/; Manx: Ellan Vannin, pronounced [ˈɛlʲən ˈvanɪn]), otherwise known simply as Mann (Manx: Mannin, IPA: [ˈmanɪn]), is a self-governing British Crown Dependency, located in the Irish Sea between the islands of Great Britain and Ireland, within the British Isles. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, who holds the title of Lord of Mann. The Lord of Mann is represented by a Lieutenant Governor. The island is not part of the United Kingdom, but its foreign relations and defence are the responsibility of the UK Government. Although the United Kingdom does not usually interfere in the island's domestic matters, its "good government" is ultimately the responsibility of the Crown (i.e., in practice, the Government of the United Kingdom).
The island has been inhabited since before 6500 BC. It began to be influenced by Gaelic culture in the 5th century AD, and the Manx language, a branch of the Gaelic languages, gradually emerged. In the 9th century, the Norse began to settle there. A Norse-Gaelic culture arose and the island came under Norse control. In 1266, the island became part of Scotland. After a period of alternating rule by the kings of Scotland and England, the island came under the feudal overlordship of the English Crown in 1399. The lordship revested into the British Crown in 1764 but the island never became part of Great Britain or its successor the United Kingdom and retained its status as an internally self-governing Crown dependency.
The origin of the name "Man" is unclear. In the Manx Gaelic language the Isle of Man is known as Ellan Vannin, where ellan is a Gaelic word meaning island. The earliest form of 'Man' is Manu or Mana giving the genitive name Manann leading to the word Mannin, which is lenited when used after the feminine word Ellan, giving Mhannin. As mh is pronounced like a v in Goidelic languages, in modern Manx the name becomes Ellan Vannin. These forms are related to the figure of Celtic mythology known as Manannán to the Irish and Manawydan to the Welsh.
Though the Isle of Man was never incorporated into the Roman Empire, the island was noted in Greek and Roman accounts where it was called variously Monapia, Mοναοιδα (Monaoida), Mοναρινα (Monarina), Menavi and Mevania. The Old Welsh and Old Irish names for the Isle of Man, Manau and Mano, also occur in Manau Gododdin, the name for an ancient district in north Britain along the lower Firth of Forth. The name is probably connected with the Welsh name of the island of Anglesey, Ynys Môn and possibly with the Celtic root reflected in Welsh mynydd, Breton menez, Scottish Gaelic monadh, "mountain"., which probably derive from the Proto-Indo-European root *men-, "to tower". In this case, such a name may have referred to the island apparently rising out of the Irish Sea on the horizon.
Rising water levels cut off the island from the surrounding islands around 8000 BC. Evidence suggests that colonisation of the Isle took place by sea sometime before 6500 BC. The first residents lived in small natural shelters, hunting, fishing and gathering their food. They used small tools made of flint or bone, examples of which have been found near the coast. Representatives of these artefacts are kept at the Manx Museum.
The Neolithic Period marked the coming of knowledge of farming, better stone tools and pottery. It was during this period that megalithic monuments began to appear around the island. Examples from this period can be found at Cashtal yn Ard near Maughold, King Orry's Grave at Laxey, Meayll Circle near Cregneash, and Ballaharra Stones at St John's. This was not the only Neolithic culture: there were also the local Ronaldsway and Bann cultures.
During the Bronze Age, the large communal tombs of the megalith builders were replaced with smaller burial mounds. Bodies were put in stone-lined graves along with ornamental containers. The Bronze Age burial mounds created long-lasting markers around the countryside. According to John T. Koch and others, the Isle of Man in the Late Bronze Age was part of a maritime trading-networked culture called the Atlantic Bronze Age that also included the other Celtic nations, England, France, Spain and Portugal, and ancient Tartessus, and may have been where Celtic languages developed.
In 1266, under the Treaty of Perth, Norway's King Magnus VI ceded the isles to Scotland. The Isle of Man came under English control in the 14th century. During this period the Island was dominated by the Stanley family, who also held the title of Earl of Derby, and who had been given possession of the Isle of Man by King Henry IV. In 1703, the Act of Settlement secured peasant rights and marked the beginning of a move away from feudal government. In 1765, however, the British Crown secured greater control over the island under the Act of Revestment, without incorporating it into the kingdom of Great Britain. This omission laid the ground for the island's subsequent status as a Crown dependency.
The 1830s saw the arrival of tourism as an important industry; and by the late 19th century it had become a major industry and source of income for the Island. In 1866 greater autonomy was restored to the Island's parliament and a full transition to democracy began. The introduction of the TT races in 1907 contributed significantly to the tourist industry with annual visitor numbers reaching half a million by the 1930s. During both the First and Second World Wars the Island was used for internment camps for Central Powers and Axis citizens and suspected sympathisers. With the decline of tourism and the two World Wars the Isle of Man Government looked elsewhere for sources of income, and in 1973 the government started to encourage the expansion of the banking sector. By the start of the 21st century the financial services industry accounted for 39% of Manx source income.
Tynwald, the island's parliament, is an ancient institution, though the accuracy of its stated foundation date (AD 979) is suspect. It is arguably the oldest continuous parliament in the world, consisting of the directly elected House of Keys and the indirectly chosen Legislative Council. The annual ceremonial meeting in July on Tynwald Day, the island's national day, continues to be held at Tynwald Hill, where the titles and a brief description of the new laws enacted by Tynwald during the previous year are announced.
The Isle of Man is located in the middle of the northern Irish Sea, approximately equidistant from the islands of Great Britain and Ireland, within the British Isles. The closest land is southern Scotland. It is 52 kilometres (32 mi) long and, at its widest point, 22 kilometres (14 mi) wide. It has an area of around 572 square kilometres (221 sq mi). Besides the island of Mann itself, the political unit of the Isle of Man includes some nearby small islands: the seasonally inhabited Calf of Man, Chicken Rock on which stands an unmanned lighthouse, St Patrick's Isle and St Michael's Isle. Both of the latter are connected to the mainland by permanent roads/causeways.
Hills in the north and south are separated by a central valley. The extreme north is exceptionally flat, consisting mainly of deposits from glacial advances from western Scotland during colder times. There are more recently deposited shingle beaches at the Point of Ayre. The island has one mountain higher than 600 metres (2,000 ft), Snaefell, with a height of 620 metres (2,034 ft). According to an old saying, from the summit one can see six kingdoms: those of the Mann, Scotland, England, Ireland, Wales, and Heaven. Some versions add a seventh kingdom, that of Northern Ireland, the Sea, or Neptune.
At the 2006 interim census, The Isle of Man was home to 80,058 people, of whom 26,218 resided in the island's capital, Douglas. Most of the population was born in the British Isles, with 47.6% born in the Isle of Man, 37.2% born in England, 3.4% in Scotland, 2.1% in Northern Ireland, 2.1% in the Republic of Ireland, 1.2% in Wales and 0.3% born in the Channel Islands. The remaining 6.1% were born elsewhere in the world.
The Isle of Man Full Census, last held in 2011, has been a decennial occurrence since 1821, with interim censuses being introduced from 1966. It is separate from, but similar to, the Census in the United Kingdom.
The Isle of Man has a temperate climate with cool summers and mild winters. Average rainfall is higher than the average for the British Isles, due to its location at a sufficient distance from Ireland for moisture to be accumulated by the prevailing south-westerly winds. Average rainfall is highest at Snaefell, where it is around 1,900 millimetres (75 in) a year. At lower levels it can be around 800 millimetres (31 in) a year. Temperatures remain fairly cool with the recorded maximum being 28.9 °C (84.0 °F) at Ronaldsway.
The island's parliament, Tynwald, dates from AD 979 or earlier, and claims to be the oldest continuously existing ruling body in the world. Tynwald is a bicameral or tricameral legislature, comprising the House of Keys (directly elected by universal suffrage) and the Legislative Council (consisting of indirectly elected and ex-officio members). These two bodies meet together in joint session as Tynwald.
The executive branch of government is the Council of Ministers, which is composed of members of Tynwald. It is headed by the Chief Minister, currently Allan Bell MHK. The Council of Ministers comprises the greater part of the House of Keys.
Under British law, the Isle of Man is not part of the United Kingdom. However, the UK takes care of its external and defence affairs, and retains paramount power to legislate for the island. There are no independent military forces on the Isle of Man although the HMS Ramsey is affiliated with the town of the same name. From 1938 there was a (now disbanded) Manx Regiment of the British Territorial Army, which saw extensive action during the Second World War. There is an independent Isle of Man police force, which is controlled directly by the Isle of Man Government, but which nonetheless voluntarily submits to inspection by the UK inspectorate of police.
Citizenship in the Isle of Man is governed by UK law. Passports issued by the Isle of Man Passport Office say "British Islands - Isle of Man" on the cover but the nationality status stated on the passport is simply "British Citizen". Although Manx passport holders are British citizens, because the Isle of Man is not part of the European Union, those without a parent or grandparent either born or resident for more than five consecutive years in the UK do not have the same rights as other British citizens with regard to employment and establishment in the EU. Isle of Man passports can be issued to any British citizen in the Isle of Man (whether or not that person has "Manx status" as an Isle of Man worker under the local Isle of Man employment laws). They can also be issued to Manx-connected British citizens residing in the UK or any of the other Crown Dependencies.
The Isle of Man holds neither membership nor associate membership of the European Union. Protocol 3 of the UK's Act of Accession to the Treaty of Rome permits trade for Manx goods without tariffs. In conjunction with the Customs and Excise agreement with the UK, this facilitates free trade with the UK. While Manx goods can be freely moved within the EU, capital and services cannot be. EU citizens are entitled to travel and reside, but not work, in the island without restriction.
The Isle of Man is not itself a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. By virtue of its relationship with the United Kingdom, it takes part in several Commonwealth institutions, including the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association and the Commonwealth Games.
The largest political party with three seats in the House of Keys is the Liberal Vannin Party (established 2006), which promotes greater Manx independence and more accountability in Government. The Manx Labour Party is the second largest party with one seat.
A number of pressure groups also exist on the island. Mec Vannin advocates the establishment of a sovereign republic. The Positive Action Group campaign for three key elements to be introduced into the governance of the island: open accountable government, rigorous control of public finances, and a fairer society.
Local government on the Isle of Man is based on the concept of ancient parishes. There are two types of local authorities: a corporation for the Borough of Douglas, and bodies of commissioners for the town districts of Castletown, Peel and Ramsey, the village districts of Kirk Michael, Laxey, Onchan, Port Erin and Port St Mary, and the 15 'parish districts' (those parishes or parts of parishes which do not fall within the districts previously mentioned). Local authorities are under the supervision of the Isle of Man Government's Department of Local Government and the Environment (DOLGE).
The Isle of Man is a low-tax economy with no capital gains tax, wealth tax, stamp duty, or inheritance tax and a top rate of income tax of 20%. A tax cap is in force; the maximum amount of tax payable by an individual is £115,000 or £230,000 for couples if they choose to have their incomes jointly assessed. The £115,000 tax cap equates to an assessable income of £589,550. Personal income is assessed and taxed on a total worldwide income basis rather than a remittance basis. This means that all income earned throughout the world is assessable for Manx tax rather than only income earned in or brought into the Island.
The rate of corporation tax is 0% for almost all types of income, the only exceptions are that the profits of banks are taxed at 10%, as is rental (or other) income from land and buildings situated on the Isle of Man.
Trade takes place mostly with the United Kingdom. The island is in customs union with the UK, and related revenues are pooled and shared under the Common Purse Agreement.
The Isle of Man Government Lottery operated from 1986 to 1997. Since December 2 1999 the island has participated in the United Kingdom National Lottery. The island is the only jurisdiction outside the United Kingdom where it is possible to play the UK National Lottery. Since 2010 it has also been possible for projects in the Isle of Man to receive national lottery Good Causes Funding. The good causes funding is distributed by the Manx Lottery Trust. Tynwald receives the 12p lottery duty for tickets sold in the Island.
The main telephone provider on the Isle of Man is Manx Telecom. At present, the island has two mobile operators: Manx Telecom, previously known as Manx Pronto, and Sure. For a short time, Cloud9 operated as a third mobile operator on the island, but has since withdrawn. Broadband internet services are available through four local providers which are Wi-Manx, Domicilium, Manx Computer Bureau and Manx Telecom. The island does not have its own ITU country code, but is accessed via the UK's country code (+44) and the island's telephone numbers are part of the UK telephone numbering plan with local dialling codes 01624 for landlines and 07524, 07624 and 07924 for mobiles.
In 1996 the Isle of Man Government obtained permission to use the .im national top-level domain (TLD) and has ultimate responsibility for its use. The domain is managed on a daily basis by Domicilium, an island-based internet service provider.
There is no insular television service and local transmitters retransmit British mainland digital broadcasts via the free-to-air digital terrestrial service Freeview. Isle of Man is part of the regions served by BBC North West for BBC One and BBC Two television services, and Granada Television for ITV.
Postal services are the responsibility of Isle of Man Post, which took over from the UK General Post Office in 1973.
The island has a total of 688 miles (1,107 km) of public roads, all of which are paved. In areas denoted by derestricted signs in the Isle of Man, there is no overriding national speed restriction; only local speed limits are set. Rules for reckless driving and most other driving regulations are enforced in a manner similar to the UK. There is a comprehensive bus network, operated by the government owned bus operator, Bus Vannin.
The Isle of Man Sea Terminal in Douglas is served by frequent ferries to and from Heysham. Douglas is also served by frequent summer services to and from Liverpool with a more restricted timetable operating in winter. There are also limited summer-only services to and from Belfast and Dublin. All ferries are operated by the Isle of Man Steam Packet Company.
The only commercial airport on the island is the Isle of Man Airport at Ronaldsway. There are scheduled and chartered flights to numerous airports in the United Kingdom and Ireland, as well as further afield. The Irish operator Aer Arann entered a code-sharing agreement with Abu Dhabi airliner Etihad Airways in 2009, a deal which provides for the booking of one-ticket flights from the Isle of Man.
The island used to have an extensive narrow-gauge railway system, both steam-operated and electric, but the majority of the steam railway tracks have been taken out of service and the track removed. Currently there is a steam railway which runs between Douglas and Port Erin, an electric railway which runs between Douglas and Ramsey and an electric mountain railway which climbs Snaefell.
The culture of the Isle of Man is influenced by its Celtic, and to a lesser extent its Norse, origins. Close proximity to the UK, popularity as a UK tourist destination, and mass immigration by British migrant workers has meant that British influence has been dominant since the Revestment period. Revival campaigns have attempted to preserve the surviving vestiges of Manx culture after a long period of Anglicisation, and significant interest in the Manx language, history and musical tradition has been the result.
The official language of the Isle of Man is English, while Manx Gaelic has also had official status since 1985. Manx has traditionally been spoken but is now considered "critically endangered".
Manx is closely related to the Irish language and Scottish Gaelic.
In Manx English the greetings moghrey mie and fastyr mie, which mean good morning and good afternoon respectively, can also be heard. Like Irish and Scottish Gaelic, the English terms evening and afternoon are referred to with one word. Another term used in Manx English is traa dy liooar meaning time enough, and represents a stereotypical view of the Manx attitude to life.
For centuries, the island's symbol has been the so-called "three legs of Mann" (Manx: Tree Cassyn Vannin), a triskelion of three legs conjoined at the thigh. The Manx triskelion, which dates with certainty to the late 13th century, is of an uncertain origin. It has been suggested that its origin lies in Sicily, an island which has been associated with triskelions since ancient times. Another possibility is that its origin lies with the emblem of the 10th century Norse-Gaelic dynasty which ruled the island at the time.
The symbol appears in the island's official flag and official coat of arms, as well as its currency. The Manx triskelion may be reflected in the island's motto, Latin: Quocunque jeceris stabit, which appears as part of the island's coat of arms. The Latin motto translates into English as "whichever way you throw, it will stand" or "whithersoever you throw it, it will stand". It dates to the late 17th century when it is known to have appeared on the island's coinage. The original meaning of the motto, however, may have referred to the poor quality of coinage which was common at the time—as in "however it is tested it will pass".
It may also have a purely militant attestation, as it was common in Gaelic folklore and custom to throw the sword of a fallen hero before a battle following their death. If the weapon landed upright, it was a blessing and a call to arms, if it did not stand upright, Ie simply fell or landed without being erect, there would be no such call. The very nature embedded in the motto is indicative of this custom, or at least its sentiment is starkly present.
The predominant religious tradition of the island is Christianity, and the ancient Christian Church of the island is today part of the Church of England. The diocese has an unbroken history from 1154 to the present day, during which there have been many changes in tradition and detail. As with all ancient Anglican churches, the diocese was once (and until the Reformation) part of the then mainstream of western Christian tradition, the Roman Catholic Church. The diocese has been part of the national churches of Norway, Scotland, and England. It has also come under the influence of Irish religious tradition. Since 1541 its bishop and parishes (currently 28) have been part of the Province of York.
Other Christian churches also operate on the Isle of Man. The second largest denomination is the Methodist Church, which is close in size to the Anglican diocese. There are eight Roman Catholic parish churches, under the authority of the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Liverpool. Additionally there are five Baptist churches, four Pentecostal churches, the Salvation Army, a ward of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, a congregation of Jehovah's Witnesses, two United Reformed churches, as well as other Christian churches. There is a small Muslim community, with its own mosque in Douglas, and there is also a small Jewish community.
Peel Castle has been proposed as a possible location of the Arthurian Avalon  or as the location of the Grail Castle, site of Lancelot's encounter with the sword bridge of King Melegaunt.
A more recent claim for the title of national dish would be the ubiquitous chips, cheese and gravy. This dish, which is similar to poutine, is found in most of the island's fast-food outlets, and consists of thick cut chips, covered in shredded Cheddar cheese and topped with a thick gravy.
Manx cheese has also found some success, featuring smoked and herb-flavoured varieties and is stocked by many of the UK's supermarket chains. Manx cheese took bronze medals in the 2005 British Cheese Awards, and sold 578 tonnes over the year.
The Isle of Man is represented as a nation in the Commonwealth Games and the Island Games and hosted the IV Commonwealth Youth Games in 2011. Manx athletes have won three gold medals at the Commonwealth Games, the including cyclist Mark Cavendish in 2006 in the Scratch race. The Island Games were first held on the island in 1985, and again in 2001.
Isle of Man teams and individuals participate in many sports both on and off the island including rugby union, football, gymnastics, hockey, netball, Taekwondo, bowling and cricket. It being an island, many types of watersports are also popular with residents.
The main international event associated with the island is the Isle of Man Tourist Trophy race, colloquially known as "The TT", which began in 1907. It takes place in late May and early June. The TT is now an international road racing event for motorcycles, which used to be part of the World Championship, and is long considered to be one of the "greatest motorcycle sporting events of the world". Taking place over a two week period, it has become a festival for motorcycling culture, makes a huge contribution to the island's economy and has become part of Manx identity. For many, the Isle carries the title "road racing capital of the world".
Prior to the introduction of football at the turn of the twentieth century,Cammag was the national sport of the Isle of Man. It is similar to the Irish hurling, and the Scottish game of shinty. Nowadays it is an annual match at St John's.
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^ All religious organisations on the island are listed .
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^ Evans, Ann (2009). "Scallops the main ingredient of unique gathering for foodies; SUN, sea, sand and shellfish". Coventry Newspapers. http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Scallops+the+main+ingredient+of+unique+gathering+for+foodies%3B+SUN,...-a0200817093. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
^ Kallaway, Jane. "Award winning organic lamb". Langley Chase Organic Farm. http://www.langleychase.co.uk/. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
^ "Purely Isle of Man" (PDF). Isle of Man Department of Finance. http://www.gov.im/lib/docs/iomfinance/factsheets/isleofmanproduce.pdf. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
^ "Isle of Man Oak Smoked Mature Cheddar Wins Bronze Medal at The British Cheese Awards 2010". Isle News. 2010. http://isleofman.isle-news.com/archives/isle-of-man-oak-smoked-mature-cheddar-wins-bronze-medal-at-the-british-cheese-awards-2010/6768/. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
^ "Bumber Sales for Manx Cheese". iomtoday.co.im. 15 October 2003. http://www.iomtoday.co.im/news/isle-of-man-news/bumper_sales_for_manx_cheese_1_1750532. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
^ "Success at World Cheese Awards". isleofman.com. 22 March 2007. http://www.isleofman.com/News/article.aspx?article=5017. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
^ "The Game of Cammag". http://www.celticlife.ca/index.php/Sports/the-game-of-cammag.html. Retrieved 2011-09-12.
^ "Origin of Manx cat breed". http://www.karellomanx.com/origin.html.
Moore, Arthur William (1903). Manx Names (Revised Cheap ed.). London: Elliot Stock (published 1906). http://books.google.com/?id=FvsEAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover.
Russel, G. (1988). "Distribution and development of some Manx epiphyte populations". Helgolander Meeresunters. (42): 477–492.


text:
Despite challenges, Africa's debt is still under control says African Development Bank
The African Development Bank (www.AfDB.org) remains strong with growing operating revenues and allocable income generated since 2010 reaching $2.5 billion, the Bank Group's Treasurer, Hassatou Diop N'sele, stated on Thursday.
In 2018, the Bank earned $214 million in allocable income, 48% of which has been reinvested in the institution to reinforce reserves and its business growth capacity. The bullish numbers were revealed during the Bank's Financial presentation Thursday, a highlight of the 2019 Annual Meetings of the Bank currently underway in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea.
The panel was led by N'sele and Simon Mizrahi, Director of Service Delivery, Performance Management and Results at the Bank.
During the presentation attended by delegates, Governors, Executive Directors and Bank staff, N'Sele noted that the Bank could chart a new path on account of its ability to raise funds on the capital markets. "The amount of infrastructure financing covered by private sector could double if African countries harness the full potential of their capital markets."
According to N'sele, a number of African countries could save as much $1 billion on a 20-year loan, if they borrow from the African Development Bank, instead of from the Eurobond market, due to preferable lending rates.
Delegates were informed of the Bank's successful issuance of the first-ever NOK social bond sold in Norway and sealed in 2018.
Despite challenges, Africa's debt is still under control
On debt sustainability, Africa's debt has increased in recent years "but not to unsustainable levels," Mizrahi indicated but he pleaded for caution. "We need to continue to generate financing and spur growth without increasing debt."
Sharing insights on Africa's path forward, Mizrahi underscored the need to harness the continent's incredible potential in renewable energy.
Africa is the most vulnerable continent and suffers the most from climate change but "with the right vision, investments and political commitments, Africa can lead a global energy revolution and leapfrog to renewable technologies. This is why the Bank is putting its money where its mouth is and investing more than any other development Bank in helping the continent transition towards more resilient and sustainable economies," he concluded.
The African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfTCA) ushering a new era in intra-African trade
According to Mizrahi, AfCTA paves the way to the world's largest free trade area with an integrated market of 1.3 billion consumers.
"This is important because Africa will struggle to be competitive at the global scale, if it continues to operate as 54 fragmented economies. The continent needs to be more integrated, it needs larger economic spaces so that Africa can attract more investors, create more and better jobs, boost internal trade and create continent-wide value chains that are globally competitive."
The panel moderated by the Victor Oladokun, the Bank's Director of Communication, noted that AfCFTA is expected to boost cross-border infrastructure, drive competitiveness and make the continent a smaller place by integrating markets.
In her concluding remarks, N'sele expressed the Bank's appreciation for Canada's unwavering support to the institution with the recently announced $1.1 billion callable capital. "This will allow to continue to meet our financial ratio" before a decision is made on the 7th General Capital Increase," she said.
We are, the continent's only triple-A rated institution. Our rating means that our bonds are the absolute safest in the world. It gives confidence to investors across the globe that their investment in African Development Bank bonds is secured."
The discussions included gender issues, especially the Bank's flagship Affirmative Finance Action for Women in Africa (AFAWA) program, which seeks to mobilize $3 billion to close the financing gender gap for women entrepreneurs.
Distributed by APO Group on behalf of African Development Bank Group (AfDB).
Media Contact: Nafissatou Diouf Communication and External Relations Department African Development Bank Email: n.diouf@afdb.org
About the African Development Bank Group: The African Development Bank Group (www.AfDB.org) is Africa's premier development finance institution. It comprises three distinct entities: the African Development Bank (AfDB), the African Development Fund (ADF) and the Nigeria Trust Fund (NTF). On the ground in 41 African countries with an external office in Japan, the Bank contributes to the economic development and the social progress of its 54 regional member states. For more information: www.AfDB.org
This press release can be viewed online at: http://www.einpresswire.com
Disclaimer: If you have any questions regarding information in this press release please contact the company listed in the press release. Please do not contact EIN Presswire. We will be unable to assist you with your inquiry. EIN Presswire disclaims any content contained in these releases.
© 1995-2019 IPD Group, Inc. All Right Reserved.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Home Losses and Aviation Safety IT WAS AN IRAQI AIR FORCE F-16 THAT CRASHED IN ARIZONA YESTERDAY
Losses and Aviation SafetyMilitary Aviation
IT WAS AN IRAQI AIR FORCE F-16 THAT CRASHED IN ARIZONA YESTERDAY
by Dario Leone Sep 6 2017
written by Dario Leone Sep 6 2017
This is the second Iraqi Air Force F-16 to crash in Arizona: the first incident occurred on Jun. 27, 2015 when an Iraqi F-16 on a night training crashed killing its pilot
As we have reported yesterday, on Sep. 5, 2017 an F-16 went down near Safford Arizon.
Now the Arizona Air National Guard says in a news release appeared on Alert 5 Weblog that the F-16 involved in the incident was a Iraqi Air Force jet.
As explained in the news release "A pilot was killed when an F-16 Fighting Falcon crashed Sep. 5, 2017, 20 miles northwest of Safford, Arizona.
An Iraqi student pilot conducting a routine F-16 training mission in conjunction with the Arizona Air National Guard's 162nd Wing in Tucson, Arizona went down at approximately 3 p.m.
The pilot was flying an F-16 belonging to the Iraqi Air Force. The U.S. Air Force (USAF) is training Iraqi pilots in F-16 fighters at the request of Iraqi Government. These fighter pilots are vital to their country's defense.
The USAF has established an interim safety board to investigate the incident."
Noteworthy this is the second Iraqi Air Force F-16 to crash in Arizona: the first incident occurred on Jun. 27, 2015 when an Iraqi F-16 on a night training crashed killing its pilot (actually Brig. Gen. Rasid Mohammed Sadiq).
The Iraqi Air Force ordered 36 F-16s in 2009: named F-16IQs (with IQ standing for Iraq) these aircraft are F-16C/D Block 52s the first of which was delivered to Iraq on Jun. 5, 2014, making Iraqi Air Force the 28th air arm to receive the F-16. The fighter was the first of six two-seat D-models. F-16IQs can be armed with AIM-9L/M Siderwinder and AIM-7 Sparrow air-to-air missiles, AGM-65 Maverick air-to-ground missiles, and Paveway guided bombs.
Due to advances made by Islamic State militants in mid-2014 which forced the evacuation of contractors from Balad Air Base, Iraqi F-16s were sent to Tucson, Arizona, where Iraqi pilots trained on their aircraft.
Photo credit: Lockheed Martin
162nd WingArizona Air National GuardF-16 Block 52F-16IQIraqi Air ForceU.S. Air ForceU.S. Air National Guard
F-16 ATTACHED TO 162nd WING CRASHES
PILATUS PC-6 PORTER PRODUCTION TO STOP IN 2019


text:
The Non-League Football Review
A Non-League Football Review covering the Essex Senior League, Essex & Suffolk Border League and Eastern Region Women's Football League
Dec29 December 29, 2020
Barnston hoping to rise on return!
After finding the start of the 2020/21 season tough, Barnston found themselves towards the bottom of the Essex & Suffolk Border League Premier Division. Having played eight games, they sit 15th having won three and lost five.
"We had a rough start to the season and we were poor," said first-team manager Josh Hutchings. "It took a while for the lads to understand what me and Callum [Bolger] wanted, but I think the league is the strongest it has ever been. As tough as the league is this year, it's nice to see the Premier Division in such a strong place."
The club had failed to win their opening two fixtures as they were beaten by Stanway Pegasus and Little Oakley Reserves, being well beaten in both fixtures before their first win came against West Bergholt as they received a walkover. They failed to push on as they faced further defeat to White Notley, Felixstowe & Walton United Reserves and Alresford Colne Rangers before they fortune turned around against league-leaders Gas Recreation as they won 3-2 before they picked up another win against Dedham Old Boys. Although they had started off badly, their target of a midtable finish was still achievable, but that didn't rule out the target of a higher finish either.
"Callum and I are always aiming to push ourselves and I think the lads realised that the hard way. Realistically, from where the club have been in the last few seasons, a midtable finish would be respectable but we are always aiming for more."
Josh hadn't been the manager for long and before his takeover at the start of the season, Barnston had found themselves 14th after 25-games during the unfinished 2019/20 season. They held a 9-point gap over bottom Brantham Athletic Reserves so weren't destined for a drop into Division One but they were also 17-points off the promotion places. The seasons before that 2016/17 to 2018/19, 13th-15th-15th, finishing bottom twice. That gave the management team something to work towards but first, they needed to pick up the points.
"When we originally took over Barnston, a lot of players had left and we only had 9 players remaining from last season. Our biggest issue was the fact we had to rebuild the team and get them to understand what we, as a management team, wanted while also gelling with each other. I know at this level, players may not stay forever as they are attracted by money, but its tough trying to get the squad to gel season after season. I have noticed a lot of the other clubs have kept players because they're all mates, but myself, Callum and a lot of the players are not local to the club, so there is a lot of travelling from different areas."
He felt their poor start to the season warranted where they sat in the table, but they knew they could turn the season around with plenty of games still to come. "The way we started and based on the results which stand, yes we are where we deserve to be."
While the first lockdown had delayed the start to the new season, starting in September instead of August, further postponements had certainly taken the opportunity for Barnston to build on their form. The last two wins for the Essex side had come against Gas Recreation who hold a 19-point lead over them while they had also beaten Dedham, who sit 5-points above them. "The lockdowns are a pain for multiple reasons and all the lads love getting together on a Saturday and trying to bring home the three points," he said. "But weirdly for us, before every lockdown, we came away with a win so I'm not sure if they're our lucky charm or not."
"If you look at the teams we have beaten in the last 2-games and their positions, I think it shows we are capable of much more and can beat anyone on our day. We are very capable of climbing the table and be in a better position."
The introduction of a Tier Four for Essex meant Barnston were again forced to suspend their football but it also affected training. Without being able to train as a team, it was up to the club and individual players to maintain their fitness as well as working on weaknesses away from the squad. For Josh, he had faith in his players maintaining their own fitness levels. "We trust the players to maintain their own fitness but we also hold online sessions, courtesy of one of our own players, who leads the fitness sessions."
With no date in sight for the return of football, it was hard to know how to plan but for Josh and his team, upon their return, their focus was on climb the league table and add to their run of two wins. "We want to pick up from where we left off and climb the table to where we believe we should be. We want to show what we can achieve, providing the virus doesn't keep interrupting the season."
Although they hadn't been at the club long, they were already planning for a future with the club. While they wanted to build results on the pitch, working off it to build a strong and sustainable club was also on the agenda. "When we took over, the club told us they were looking for people to stay a while, build the club and potentially help the club to grow. We believe we have done this with the first team and we are still pushing to better the club, as much as we can. This is not without the help of everyone who works behind the scenes so we definitely cannot take credit for everything as much as we might want to."
"Our long term goal is that we take each day as it comes. We can only thank the club for the patience, trust and support they have shown but we have always said we would love to progress in the game and push ourselves as far as we can. Funnily enough, we had this conversation with a friend of ours recently and if an opportunity was to arise and it is right for us, we might consider it. On the other hand, if we can push the club higher and go with the club, then we would love to do that as well."
By : Aaron Moore Tags: 2020/21 Barnston AFC Essex & Suffolk Border League Premier Division
Gas Rec extend lead at top as Pegasus, Acorns and Athletic also win
Saints fighting at the top!


text:
by Martin Boev	January 15, 2018 Number of comments0
Film: Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri (2018, UK Release)
Directed by Martin McDonagh, Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri follows the story of a Mildred (played by Frances McDormand), a grieving mother tryingContinue Reading
by Martin Boev	January 14, 2018 1
Film: Good Time (2017)
Thrilling, manic, exhilarating. Those three words sum up one of the most surprising films I have seen in the lastContinue Reading
by Martin Boev	December 12, 2017 Number of comments0
FILMS OF THE YEAR 2017
My passion for film has strengthened significantly this year, partly due to the amazing new stories which were told overContinue Reading
by Martin Boev	December 2, 2017 Number of comments0
Music: Ross Blake – Pretty en Rose OST
Pretty en Rose was directed by underground auteur Angélique Bosio, and it documents the life, creativity and aura of Parisian cultContinue Reading
by Martin Boev	November 27, 2017 Number of comments0
Film: The Killing of a Sacred Deer
The Killing of a Sacred Deer (2017) is the new film by Yorgos Lanthimos, the Greek director behind films such asContinue Reading
by Martin Boev	October 11, 2017 1
Film Review: Blade Runner 2049
The notion of creating a sequel to a classic film is often seen as an unnecessary risk. Many sequels haveContinue Reading
by Martin Boev	September 12, 2017 Number of comments0
Why Twin Peaks: The Return might be the greatest season of television of all time
"I'll see you again in 25 years." And so the story of Laura Palmer's mysterious death and Agent Dale Cooper'sContinue Reading
by Martin Boev	June 2, 2017 Number of comments0
Film: Revisiting a Stanley Kubrick classic: '2001: A Space Odyssey' (1968)
"Perceived as one of the greatest films of all time, Stanley Kubrick's 1968 masterpiece "2001: A Space Odyssey" has become subject to many philosophical analyses over the years. Stylistically poignant, beautifully shot and abstract in story, it is a difficult but powerful film to digest on first listen. The slow pace of the film is hypnotising, and with minimal dialogue, the emphasis is on how the cinematography and soundtrack evoke feelings of sadness, anger, inspiration and despair."
Newer Newer Posts Page 1 Page 2


Located at the intersection of Highway 94 and Mid Rivers Mall Drive. Easy access to Mid Rivers Mall Drive with 2 traffic signals serving the Shopping Center. This Shopping Center is anchored by Target, Dierbergs and Petco.


We have a selection of ergonomic chairs that provide comfort and support while encouraging active sitting so you remain energized and focussed during long meetings and conferences. With sleek designs and customisation, you can be confident your furniture is on brand and creating the right impression.
Why Use An Ergonomic Chair For Your Conference Or Meeting Room?
There are many reasons why you should choose an ergonomic chair for your conference, meeting room, boardroom, reception and anywhere where sitting for longer periods of time may be required.
Ergonomic chairs are designed to provide optimum comfort and support for attendees, visitors and delegates. The chairs are shaped and specified to suit a broad range of users to keep them happy and healthy.
Ergonomic chairs encourage active sitting which means you are regulary moving and changing seating positions which keeps the blood and oxygen flowing around your body. This ensures you are able to focus and stay productive for longer periods of time.
Providing good quality furniture is an excellent way to create a statement about your brand, beyond a sleek looking chair upholstered in your corporate colours. A quality chair says you care about the wellbeing of the people that use the chair.
A good quality ergonomic chair will stand the test of time. Good looks and functionality will continue way beyond where cheaper, more standard chairs fail. This makes them an efficient, worthwhile investment.


text:
P&L pioneer
German sports apparel maker Puma is the first major company to quantify and report the monetary cost of its environmental impact in a formal profit and loss statement. The company's chairman and chief executive explains the rationale and business benefits. By Dawn Cowie
The idea for Puma's environmental profit and loss account (E P&L) came to Jochen Zeitz, the company's chairman and chief executive, while he was on holiday. Perhaps it was the idyllic surroundings, but his mind wandered to the latest methods used by environmental experts to value the ecosystem, and he got to thinking about how these might be applied to the business world.
"The next logical step would be for business to take that knowledge and translate it into monetary values that a company could relate to its managers," Zeitz says.
"When you're an environmental expert working for a nongovernmental organisation, subjects such as biodiversity are part of day-to-day language, but it is not so in business," he continues. "The problem in business is that, if we don't put a figure on something, then we don't manage it."
Valuing the impact
The first results of Puma's E P&L, published in May 2011, were revealing for those inside and outside the company. Overall, the analysis placed a value of €7.3 million ($10.1 million as of this writing) on the ecological impact of Puma's direct operations in 2010, which was almost entirely due to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, this amounted to just 7.7% of Puma's total ecological impact, valued at €94.4 million ($130.6 million), once GHG emissions and water consumption across its entire supply chain were taken into consideration.
By far the largest contribution to this environmental impact was by its tier-four suppliers involved in raw material production, such as cotton farming and oil drilling. Their impact was valued at €41.4 million ($57.3 million), or 44% of the total supply chain, which was made up of GHG emissions valued at €16.7 million ($23.1 million) and water consumption valued at €24.7 million ($34.2 million).
Tier-three suppliers involved in the processing of raw materials by leather tanneries, the chemicals industry and oil refineries also contributed significantly to the overall impact (€25.1 million—$34.7 million—or 26%). There were also smaller contributions by tier-two suppliers, such as embroiderers and printers, and tier-one suppliers involved in the manufacture of Puma's products.
"The whole idea behind the E P&L was to bring transparency to something that is hard to grasp when you are still stuck in the old paradigm, where natural resources and the environment have no limits, and therefore the externalities of doing business aren't brought into the equation," says Zeitz.
So what are the business benefits of Puma's efforts? Zeitz is reluctant to quantify the value of the company's sustainability initiatives in dollars and cents. "I ultimately believe it will benefit the business," he says. "I think it is the only way to go and is the right thing to do. Those are three reasons to do it, and there are no reasons not to do it."
Puma and its parent company, PPR Group, worked with PricewaterhouseCoopers and environmental data company Trucost to develop a methodology to quantify the tonnes of GHG emissions and cubic metres of water consumed in its business and supply chain, then applied values to account for the associated economic impacts, according to company press releases.
Intelligence objectives
So how have the findings of the E P&L been translated into business goals? "The first stage is to make the information that we have uncovered in the P&L available, and the next is to try to develop practical decisions about how we reduce and mitigate the size of our footprint. In addition, we have to take into account the problems that climate change and water scarcity will create for the business in the future − we would rather be ahead of the curve when it comes to managing those risks," he says.
The clear lesson of the exercise was that, if Puma wants to reduce its environmental impact, then its main focus should be on the production and processing of raw materials for use in its products, rather than in the manufacturing stage or the operational footprint of the business.
Finally, the company is actively involved in cross-industry co-operation to find ways in which excess materials can be re-used by other industries − for example, the use of polymers by the chemicals industry. These types of collaborations will be needed in order to find new solutions to issues, such as rubber recycling, and to create global standards of practice. Puma already works closely with the chemicals industry and is committed to eliminate the discharges of all hazardous chemicals from the whole life cycle of its production by 2020.
Reporting has been at the heart of Puma's sustainability strategy for the past 13 years through projects such as the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), an organisation that produces a comprehensive sustainability reporting framework that is used worldwide.
But putting a monetary value on its environmental impacts has added several elements to Puma's approach to sustainability. First, by mirroring the language of business, the E P&L has helped managers understand the environmental problems that the company faces, which has given new impetus to develop practical solutions. Secondly, it has created a marker that has grabbed the attention of government bodies and industry-leading companies, which Zeitz hopes will help to develop global standards and better practices. It also helps Puma to prepare for a time when legislation may require disclosure on these issues.
This year, the company plans to push another reporting frontier when it publishes the first-ever social P&L to accompany its E P&L. This project will measure social factors, such as wages paid, working conditions, diversity and gender equality, health and wellbeing, and community cohesion.
Stage three of the initiative will complete "the other side of the equation", according to Puma news releases, measuring economic factors and offsetting those against the social and environmental costs calculated in the first two stages. Measures on the economic P&L would likely include job creation, total tax contributions, indirect tax payments, indirect and induced employment, and business creation and growth.
By 2015, PPR plans to publish a combined E P&L covering every business in its stable, which includes luxury goods brands such as Gucci and Yves Saint Laurent.
By taking a lead, Puma is also setting an example for its suppliers around the world. The lion's share of Puma's suppliers and its largest ecological impact are in the Asia-Pacific region; this is the source of €70.7 million ($97.8 million), or three-quarters of its total impact. As a result, improving reporting on sustainability within its Asian supply chain is a key part of its overall sustainability strategy.
Over the past year, 20 of Puma's key suppliers in South-East Asia and other major sourcing regions have received GRI-certified training on transparent measurement and reporting on their sustainability performance, and from 2011 began issuing their own sustainability reports.
Click here to open "Quantifying Puma's Ecological Impact (Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Water Use)"
Pictures: Rex Features; Little Red Panda
PUMA EXPLAINS ITS METHODOLOGY
Water valuations:
The water valuations are derived from an extensive review of the available water valuation literature adjusted for local incomes and water scarcity. The values for water represent the reduction in the indirect use value of water accruing to third parties such as freshwater replenishment, ecosystem maintenance and water nutrient cycling as a result of water consumption in Puma's entire supply chain – including raw material inputs – and its own operations. The lost value associated with reduced water availability for direct consumption (the opportunity cost of water) is not included because this is assumed to be accounted for in the price Puma and its suppliers pay for water extraction and use.
The indirect use value of water is considered to be principally driven by its scarcity. To estimate the relationship between scarcity and value, a sample of 18 existing studies was used. The available literature of sufficient comparability is limited, and the decision was taken to use a subset of comparable US studies to plot the relationship. The value is location-specific and is proportional between the relationship of value and scarcity.
The observed relationship between water scarcity (withdrawal from surface and groundwater as a percentage of actual renewable freshwater resources) and value was calibrated to the valuation estimate obtained from the literature review and applied across sites and countries in Puma's own operations and supply chain to estimate the water use externality. The level of water scarcity in Puma's operations and supply chain was obtained at a basin level where location-specific information was available and otherwise considered at a country level. The weighted average value according to the locations of Puma's operations and that of its global supply chain is $1.08 (€0.81)/m3.
Greenhouse gas emissions valuations:
The carbon value coefficient used in this E P&L is derived from a subset of the social cost of carbon (SCC) estimates reported by the economist Richard Tol in his 2009 paper The Economic Effects of Climate Change. These estimates attempt to value the damage (as a result of current and future climate change) attributable to each tonne of carbon dioxide released in a given year.
The 232 estimates of the SCC included in Tol's paper are based on a wide range of models and assumptions and range in USD from below-zero to four-figure estimates. There are a number of factors that can have a significant impact on resulting SCC estimates. These factors, along with Puma's approach, are summarised below:
Discounting future damages resulting from 2010 emissions: Puma opted to use a social rather than commercial discount rate to estimate the SCC. Within the social discount rate (SDR) the pure rate of time preference (PRTP) selected by Puma is 0%, based on the philosophy that no generation should prioritise its welfare over another's. The second element of the SDR is driven largely by assumptions over future economic growth. By averaging this element across all studies that disclose it, an estimate of 3.4% was derived for the overall SDR entering Puma's analysis.
Normalising SCC estimates in 2010 USD: As well as adjusting for price inflation, older SCC estimates were increased by 3% annually to account for growth in the SCC as a result of the increased stock of GHGs in the atmosphere (the midpoint of the IPCC's 2%–4% range).
Valuing damages: Studies use a range of methods, but no formal consensus exists. Puma's approach was therefore to average across studies.
Accounting for catastrophic risks: When averaging across many SCC estimates, choosing the median value reduces the impact of more extreme scenarios on the result because most estimates tend to be clustered toward the left of the distribution. To help account for the risk of catastrophic scenarios, Puma took the mean of the distribution of SCC estimates.
Equity weighting across countries based on income levels: Many SCC studies make adjustments to damage values to reflect differences in incomes between countries – so-called "equity weighting". There is currently no consensus on how or if equity weighting should be applied. Therefore Puma has chosen to take an average across studies.
Applying the criteria and approaches outlined above resulted in an estimate for the 2010 SCC, expressed in 2010 USD, of: $87 (€66) t/CO2e. This estimate is highly sensitive to the assumptions outlined above, and Puma recognises that there is significant uncertainty around the true SCC. The estimate will be revisited in future years and revised as appropriate depending on developments in the science and economics of climate change.
Source: Puma press release


Will my ankle pain worsen at altitude and can I take anti-inflammatory drugs for it?
I'll be climbing 6,000-meter peaks next year, but I suffer with ankle arthritis from a compound fracture 20 years ago. I have pain but put up with it. Will the pain get worse at altitude? And can you take anti-inflammatory medication at high altitude?
I'm sorry you have pain. I had a severe ankle fracture 24 years ago, and I suffered for a decade, then had my ankle fused. Before the fusion, I ascended to more than 6,000 meters several times. Anti-inflammatory drugs are no problem at higher altitudes. But beware stronger anti-pain drugs that depress your respiratory drive. Those can be hazardous and may give altitude illnesses a foothold. Whether or not you'll find the pain worse higher up is a question I cannot answer. There is no reason higher elevations should make pain worse. But if you're not used to climbing high, the stress on your ankle from persistent uphill climbing and the weight of the pack could make it worse.
Does going to higher altitude make it difficult for your lungs to clear moisture?
How long should water boil at 14,000 feet altitude where it boils at 60 degrees Celsius?


Diving was good, briefings were excellent. The boats were comfortable and safe, despite rocky seas at times. Crew had an excellent sense of humor and diving was lively and fun. Ingrid's dive guidance was helpful and she was able to show me marine life I might have missed otherwise. The staff were all very professional, safety minded and polite. My experience was excellent.


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.IO.Abstractions;
using System.Linq;
using System.Windows;
using PassWinmenu.Configuration;
using PassWinmenu.ExternalPrograms;
using PassWinmenu.ExternalPrograms.Gpg;
using PassWinmenu.PasswordManagement;
using PassWinmenu.src.Windows;
using PassWinmenu.Utilities;
using PassWinmenu.Utilities.ExtensionMethods;
using PassWinmenu.WinApi;

namespace PassWinmenu.Windows
{
	internal class DialogCreator
	{
		private readonly INotificationService notificationService;
		private readonly ISyncService syncService;
		private readonly IPasswordManager passwordManager;
		private readonly ClipboardHelper clipboard = new ClipboardHelper();
		private readonly PathDisplayHelper pathDisplayHelper;

		public DialogCreator(INotificationService notificationService, IPasswordManager passwordManager, ISyncService syncService)
		{
			this.notificationService = notificationService ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(notificationService));
			this.passwordManager = passwordManager ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(passwordManager));
			this.syncService = syncService;
			this.pathDisplayHelper = new PathDisplayHelper(ConfigManager.Config.Interface.DirectorySeparator);
		}

		private void EnsureStaThread()
		{

		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Opens a window where the user can choose the location for a new password file.
		/// </summary>
		/// <returns>The path to the file that the user has chosen</returns>
		public string ShowFileSelectionWindow()
		{
			SelectionWindowConfiguration windowConfig;
			try
			{
				windowConfig = SelectionWindowConfiguration.ParseMainWindowConfiguration(ConfigManager.Config);
			}
			catch (ConfigurationParseException e)
			{
				notificationService.Raise(e.Message, Severity.Error);
				return null;
			}

			// Ask the user where the password file should be placed.
			var pathWindow = new FileSelectionWindow(ConfigManager.Config.PasswordStore.Location, windowConfig);
			pathWindow.ShowDialog();
			if (!pathWindow.Success)
			{
				return null;
			}
			return pathWindow.GetSelection() + Program.EncryptedFileExtension;
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Opens the password menu and displays it to the user, allowing them to choose an existing password file.
		/// </summary>
		/// <param name="options">A list of options the user can choose from.</param>
		/// <returns>One of the values contained in <paramref name="options"/>, or null if no option was chosen.</returns>
		public string ShowPasswordMenu(IEnumerable<string> options)
		{
			SelectionWindowConfiguration windowConfig;
			try
			{
				windowConfig = SelectionWindowConfiguration.ParseMainWindowConfiguration(ConfigManager.Config);
			}
			catch (ConfigurationParseException e)
			{
				notificationService.Raise(e.Message, Severity.Error);
				return null;
			}

			var menu = new PasswordSelectionWindow(options, windowConfig);
			menu.ShowDialog();
			if (menu.Success)
			{
				return menu.GetSelection();
			}
			return null;
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Asks the user to choose a password file.
		/// </summary>
		/// <returns>
		/// The path to the chosen password file (relative to the password directory),
		/// or null if the user didn't choose anything.
		/// </returns>
		public PasswordFile RequestPasswordFile()
		{
			EnsureStaThread();

			// Find GPG-encrypted password files
			var passFiles = passwordManager.GetPasswordFiles(ConfigManager.Config.PasswordStore.PasswordFileMatch).ToList();
			if (passFiles.Count == 0)
			{
				MessageBox.Show("Your password store doesn't appear to contain any passwords yet.", "Empty password store", MessageBoxButton.OK, MessageBoxImage.Information);
				return null;
			}
			var selection = ShowPasswordMenu(passFiles.Select(pathDisplayHelper.GetDisplayPath));
			if (selection == null) return null;
			return passFiles.Single(f => pathDisplayHelper.GetDisplayPath(f) == selection);
		}

		public void EditWithEditWindow(DecryptedPasswordFile file)
		{
			Helpers.AssertOnUiThread();

			using (var window = new EditWindow(pathDisplayHelper.GetDisplayPath(file), file.Content, ConfigManager.Config.PasswordStore.PasswordGeneration))
			{
				if (!window.ShowDialog() ?? true)
				{
					return;
				}

				try
				{
					var newFile = new DecryptedPasswordFile(file, window.PasswordContent.Text);
					passwordManager.EncryptPassword(newFile);

					syncService?.EditPassword(newFile.FullPath);
					if (ConfigManager.Config.Notifications.Types.PasswordUpdated)
					{
						notificationService.Raise($"Password file \"{newFile.FileNameWithoutExtension}\" has been updated.", Severity.Info);
					}
				}
				catch (Exception e)
				{
					notificationService.ShowErrorWindow($"Unable to save your password (encryption failed): {e.Message}");
					// TODO: do we want to show the edit window again here?
				}
			}
		}

		public void EditPassword()
		{
			var selectedFile = RequestPasswordFile();
			if (selectedFile == null) return;

			if (ConfigManager.Config.Interface.PasswordEditor.UseBuiltin)
			{
				DecryptedPasswordFile decryptedFile;
				try
				{
					decryptedFile = passwordManager.DecryptPassword(selectedFile, false);
				}
				catch (Exception e)
				{
					notificationService.ShowErrorWindow($"Unable to edit your password (decryption failed): {e.Message}");
					return;
				}
				EditWithEditWindow(decryptedFile);
			}
			else
			{
				EditWithTextEditor(selectedFile);
			}
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Ensures the file at the given path is deleted, warning the user if deletion failed.
		/// </summary>
		private void EnsureRemoval(string path)
		{
			try
			{
				File.Delete(path);
			}
			catch (Exception e)
			{
				notificationService.ShowErrorWindow($"Unable to delete the plaintext file at {path}.\n" +
				                                    $"An error occurred: {e.GetType().Name} ({e.Message}).\n\n" +
				                                    $"Please navigate to the given path and delete it manually.", "Plaintext file not deleted.");
			}
		}

		private string CreateTemporaryPlaintextFile()
		{
			var tempDir = ConfigManager.Config.Interface.PasswordEditor.TemporaryFileDirectory;

			if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(tempDir))
			{
				Log.Send("No temporary file directory specified, using default.", LogLevel.Warning);
				tempDir = Path.GetTempPath();
			}

			if (!Directory.Exists(tempDir))
			{
				Log.Send($"Temporary directory \"{tempDir}\" does not exist, it will be created.", LogLevel.Info);
				Directory.CreateDirectory(tempDir);
			}

			var tempFile = Path.GetRandomFileName();
			var tempPath = Path.Combine(tempDir, tempFile + Program.PlaintextFileExtension);
			return tempPath;
		}

		public void EditWithTextEditor(PasswordFile selectedFile)
		{
			// Generate a random plaintext filename.
			var plaintextFile = CreateTemporaryPlaintextFile();
			try
			{
				var passwordFile = passwordManager.DecryptPassword(selectedFile, false);
				File.WriteAllText(plaintextFile, passwordFile.Content);
			}
			catch (Exception e)
			{
				EnsureRemoval(plaintextFile);
				notificationService.ShowErrorWindow($"Unable to edit your password (decryption failed): {e.Message}");
				return;
			}

			// Open the file in the user's default editor
			try
			{
				Process.Start(plaintextFile);
			}
			catch (Win32Exception e)
			{
				EnsureRemoval(plaintextFile);
				notificationService.ShowErrorWindow($"Unable to open an editor to edit your password file ({e.Message}).");
				return;
			}

			var result = MessageBox.Show(
				"Please keep this window open until you're done editing the password file.\n" +
				"Then click Yes to save your changes, or No to discard them.",
				$"Save changes to {selectedFile.FileNameWithoutExtension}?",
				MessageBoxButton.YesNo,
				MessageBoxImage.Information);

			if (result == MessageBoxResult.Yes)
			{
				// Fetch the content from the file, and delete it.
				var content = File.ReadAllText(plaintextFile);
				EnsureRemoval(plaintextFile);

				// Re-encrypt the file.
				var newPasswordFile = new DecryptedPasswordFile(selectedFile, content);
				passwordManager.EncryptPassword(newPasswordFile);

				syncService?.EditPassword(selectedFile.FullPath);
				if (ConfigManager.Config.Notifications.Types.PasswordUpdated)
				{
					notificationService.Raise($"Password file \"{selectedFile}\" has been updated.", Severity.Info);
				}
			}
			else
			{
				File.Delete(plaintextFile);
			}
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Adds a new password to the password store.
		/// </summary>
		public void AddPassword()
		{
			EnsureStaThread();

			var passwordFilePath = ShowFileSelectionWindow();
			// passwordFileName will be null if no file was selected
			if (passwordFilePath == null) return;

			// Display the password generation window.
			string password;
			string metadata;
			using (var passwordWindow = new PasswordWindow(Path.GetFileName(passwordFilePath), ConfigManager.Config.PasswordStore.PasswordGeneration))
			{
				passwordWindow.ShowDialog();
				if (!passwordWindow.DialogResult.GetValueOrDefault())
				{
					return;
				}
				password = passwordWindow.Password.Text;
				metadata = passwordWindow.ExtraContent.Text.Replace(Environment.NewLine, "\n");
			}

			PasswordFile passwordFile;
			try
			{
				passwordFile = passwordManager.AddPassword(passwordFilePath, password, metadata);
			}
			catch (GpgException e)
			{
				notificationService.ShowErrorWindow("Unable to encrypt your password: " + e.Message);
				return;
			}
			catch (ConfigurationException e)
			{
				notificationService.ShowErrorWindow("Unable to encrypt your password: " + e.Message);
				return;
			}
			// Copy the newly generated password.
			clipboard.Place(password, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(ConfigManager.Config.Interface.ClipboardTimeout));

			if (ConfigManager.Config.Notifications.Types.PasswordGenerated)
			{
				notificationService.Raise($"The new password has been copied to your clipboard.\nIt will be cleared in {ConfigManager.Config.Interface.ClipboardTimeout:0.##} seconds.", Severity.Info);
			}
			// Add the password to Git
			syncService?.AddPassword(passwordFile.FullPath);
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// Asks the user to choose a password file, decrypts it, and copies the resulting value to the clipboard.
		/// </summary>
		public void DecryptPassword(bool copyToClipboard, bool typeUsername, bool typePassword)
		{
			var selectedFile = RequestPasswordFile();
			// If the user cancels their selection, the password decryption should be cancelled too.
			if (selectedFile == null) return;

			KeyedPasswordFile passFile;
			try
			{
				passFile = passwordManager.DecryptPassword(selectedFile, ConfigManager.Config.PasswordStore.FirstLineOnly);
			}
			catch (GpgError e)
			{
				notificationService.ShowErrorWindow("Password decryption failed: " + e.Message);
				return;
			}
			catch (GpgException e)
			{
				notificationService.ShowErrorWindow("Password decryption failed. " + e.Message);
				return;
			}
			catch (ConfigurationException e)
			{
				notificationService.ShowErrorWindow("Password decryption failed: " + e.Message);
				return;
			}
			catch (Exception e)
			{
				notificationService.ShowErrorWindow($"Password decryption failed: An error occurred: {e.GetType().Name}: {e.Message}");
				return;
			}

			if (copyToClipboard)
			{
				clipboard.Place(passFile.Password, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(ConfigManager.Config.Interface.ClipboardTimeout));
				if (ConfigManager.Config.Notifications.Types.PasswordCopied)
				{
					notificationService.Raise($"The password has been copied to your clipboard.\nIt will be cleared in {ConfigManager.Config.Interface.ClipboardTimeout:0.##} seconds.", Severity.Info);
				}
			}
			var usernameEntered = false;
			if (typeUsername)
			{
				var username = new PasswordFileParser().GetUsername(passFile);
				if (username != null)
				{
					KeyboardEmulator.EnterText(username, ConfigManager.Config.Output.DeadKeys);
					usernameEntered = true;
				}
			}
			if (typePassword)
			{
				// If a username has also been entered, press Tab to switch to the password field.
				if (usernameEntered) KeyboardEmulator.EnterRawText("{TAB}");

				KeyboardEmulator.EnterText(passFile.Password, ConfigManager.Config.Output.DeadKeys);
			}
		}

		public void DecryptMetadata(bool copyToClipboard, bool type)
		{
			var selectedFile = RequestPasswordFile();
			KeyedPasswordFile passFile;
			try
			{
				passFile = passwordManager.DecryptPassword(selectedFile, ConfigManager.Config.PasswordStore.FirstLineOnly);
			}
			catch (GpgError e)
			{
				notificationService.ShowErrorWindow("Password decryption failed: " + e.Message);
				return;
			}
			catch (GpgException e)
			{
				notificationService.ShowErrorWindow("Password decryption failed. " + e.Message);
				return;
			}
			catch (ConfigurationException e)
			{
				notificationService.ShowErrorWindow("Password decryption failed: " + e.Message);
				return;
			}
			catch (Exception e)
			{
				notificationService.ShowErrorWindow($"Password decryption failed: An error occurred: {e.GetType().Name}: {e.Message}");
				return;
			}

			if (copyToClipboard)
			{
				clipboard.Place(passFile.Metadata, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(ConfigManager.Config.Interface.ClipboardTimeout));
				if (ConfigManager.Config.Notifications.Types.PasswordCopied)
				{
					notificationService.Raise($"The key has been copied to your clipboard.\nIt will be cleared in {ConfigManager.Config.Interface.ClipboardTimeout:0.##} seconds.", Severity.Info);
				}
			}
			if (type)
			{
				KeyboardEmulator.EnterText(passFile.Metadata, ConfigManager.Config.Output.DeadKeys);
			}
		}

		public void GetKey(bool copyToClipboard, bool type, string key)
		{
			var selectedFile = RequestPasswordFile();
			if(selectedFile == null) return;

			KeyedPasswordFile passFile;
			try
			{
				passFile = passwordManager.DecryptPassword(selectedFile, ConfigManager.Config.PasswordStore.FirstLineOnly);
			}
			catch (GpgError e)
			{
				notificationService.ShowErrorWindow("Password decryption failed: " + e.Message);
				return;
			}
			catch (GpgException e)
			{
				notificationService.ShowErrorWindow("Password decryption failed. " + e.Message);
				return;
			}
			catch (ConfigurationException e)
			{
				notificationService.ShowErrorWindow("Password decryption failed: " + e.Message);
				return;
			}
			catch (Exception e)
			{
				notificationService.ShowErrorWindow($"Password decryption failed: An error occurred: {e.GetType().Name}: {e.Message}");
				return;
			}

			if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(key))
			{
				var keys = passFile.Keys.Select(k => k.Key).Distinct();
				var selection = ShowPasswordMenu(keys);
				if (selection == null) return;
				key = selection;
			}

			var values = passFile.Keys.Where(k => k.Key == key).ToList();

			if (values.Count == 0)
			{
				return;
			}

			string chosenValue;
			if (values.Count > 1)
			{
				chosenValue = ShowPasswordMenu(values.Select(v => v.Value));
				if (chosenValue == null)
				{
					return;
				}
			}
			else
			{
				chosenValue = values[0].Value;
			}

			if (copyToClipboard)
			{
				clipboard.Place(chosenValue, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(ConfigManager.Config.Interface.ClipboardTimeout));
				if (ConfigManager.Config.Notifications.Types.PasswordCopied)
				{
					notificationService.Raise($"The key has been copied to your clipboard.\nIt will be cleared in {ConfigManager.Config.Interface.ClipboardTimeout:0.##} seconds.", Severity.Info);
				}
			}
			if (type)
			{
				KeyboardEmulator.EnterText(chosenValue, ConfigManager.Config.Output.DeadKeys);
			}
		}

		public void ViewLogs()
		{
			var viewer = new LogViewer(string.Join("\n", Log.History.Select(l => l.ToString())));
			viewer.ShowDialog();
		}
	}

	internal class PathDisplayHelper
	{
		private readonly string directorySeparator;

		public PathDisplayHelper(string directorySeparator)
		{
			this.directorySeparator = directorySeparator;
		}

		public string GetDisplayPath(PasswordFile file)
		{
			var names = new List<string>
			{
				file.FileNameWithoutExtension
			};

			var current = file.Directory;
			while (!current.PathEquals(file.PasswordStore))
			{
				names.Insert(0, current.Name);
				current = current.Parent;
			}

			return string.Join(directorySeparator, names);
		}
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Below is equipment that we repair and troubles seen. Also, we can add AUX or MP3 input to mose of the BMW stereos.
Easy steps for the repair.
You have many options with something that isn't working properly. The first step is to understand why you would want to repair instead of replace the unit. See "Why is repairing a good option"
Verify where the problem is and what needs to be repaired. Many times this is obvious (like on cd players that skip) but sometimes not so clear like sound that comes and goes (is it speaker, the amp, or stereo). Email a tech if you need help with figuring out where the problem is.
Review our estimate info here.
Remove it or have someone remove it for you.
Wrap it good with some bubble-wrap to protect.
All the carriers deliver here (UPS, USPS, FedEx, etc.) Allow under 1 week for the repair, we'll contact you if need a few days longer for parts ordering.
Note: We will return everything that is sent in whether it's cd's or brackets, all will be kept together.
Use a small screwdriver and open the small doors that are on the left and right side of the stereo. Inside is an allen screw. Turn the screw about 3-4 times counterclockwise and it will release the stereo so it will just pull straight out. These set screws do not come out, just loosen it. Then there is a block on the back with wires going to the stereo. The block has a slide piece on top that you can pry up with a regular flat screwdriver (there is also a picture of a screwdriver in the plastic) This tells you to pry it up, once it goes up about 1 inch the block of wires will pull off the stereo. There are a couple other small cables that pry off easily.
is right, and tight so it doesn't rattle around in the box.
The anti-theft code is a 5 digit number that we will need to turn it on.
remove it. Yes, that is factory and I'll tell you what you'll get for your $.
That's what we usually do to those.
Print off the "send in form" from the website and it has most info needed.
Take care and I'll watch for it to come in.


I like this wall pretty much. I worked at it a couple of days (2-3) improveing it bit by bit.
:pacman:SMASH THEM TO PIECES KAZUYA ! ! !
Very good wall of Kazuya.(father)I am great fan of the game.
Did the intro inspire you?
nice picture. Thank's for sharing.


text:
Overexpression of phospholipase D1 in human breast cancer tissues
Dong Young Noh, Soo Jung Ahn, Ryung Ah Lee, In Ae Park, Jae Ho Kim, Pann Ghill Suh, Sung Ho Ryu, Kweon Haeng Lee, Joong Soo Han
Phospholipase D (PLD) catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) to produce phosphatidic acid (PA) and choline. PLD is a major enzyme implicated in important cellular processes, such as cell proliferation. We designed this study to investigate the expression of PLD in human breast carcinomas and non-malignant tissues using RT-PCR, Western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry and an Arf-dependent PLD activity assay. We examined about 550 bp of PCR product and 120 kDa of PLD protein. Our results showed that PLD protein and mRNA levels were overexpressed in 14 of 17 breast cancer tissues. We also observed increased expression by immunohistochemistry and Arf-dependent PLD activity in microsomes of human breast tumors, which correlated well with PLD expression. PLD expression was elevated in human breast tumors compared with normal breast tissues. These results implicate a possible role of PLD in human breast tumorigenesis and suggest that PLD may be useful as a marker for malignant disease in the breast. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.
Published - 20 Dec 2000
Breast cancer tissues
Phospholipase D
Tumorigenesis
Dive into the research topics of 'Overexpression of phospholipase D1 in human breast cancer tissues'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
phospholipase D1 Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
Phospholipase D Medicine & Life Sciences 77%
Breast Neoplasms Medicine & Life Sciences 37%
Breast Medicine & Life Sciences 8%
Immunohistochemistry Medicine & Life Sciences 7%
Phosphatidic Acids Medicine & Life Sciences 6%
Breast Diseases Medicine & Life Sciences 6%
Polymerase Chain Reaction Medicine & Life Sciences 6%
Noh, D. Y., Ahn, S. J., Lee, R. A., Park, I. A., Kim, J. H., Suh, P. G., Ryu, S. H., Lee, K. H., & Han, J. S. (2000). Overexpression of phospholipase D1 in human breast cancer tissues. Cancer Letters, 161(2), 207-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3835(00)00612-1
Noh, Dong Young ; Ahn, Soo Jung ; Lee, Ryung Ah et al. / Overexpression of phospholipase D1 in human breast cancer tissues. In: Cancer Letters. 2000 ; Vol. 161, No. 2. pp. 207-214.
@article{0160872ddbb5437bbae03339664faedf,
title = "Overexpression of phospholipase D1 in human breast cancer tissues",
abstract = "Phospholipase D (PLD) catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) to produce phosphatidic acid (PA) and choline. PLD is a major enzyme implicated in important cellular processes, such as cell proliferation. We designed this study to investigate the expression of PLD in human breast carcinomas and non-malignant tissues using RT-PCR, Western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry and an Arf-dependent PLD activity assay. We examined about 550 bp of PCR product and 120 kDa of PLD protein. Our results showed that PLD protein and mRNA levels were overexpressed in 14 of 17 breast cancer tissues. We also observed increased expression by immunohistochemistry and Arf-dependent PLD activity in microsomes of human breast tumors, which correlated well with PLD expression. PLD expression was elevated in human breast tumors compared with normal breast tissues. These results implicate a possible role of PLD in human breast tumorigenesis and suggest that PLD may be useful as a marker for malignant disease in the breast. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.",
keywords = "Breast cancer tissues, Phospholipase D, Tumorigenesis",
author = "Noh, {Dong Young} and Ahn, {Soo Jung} and Lee, {Ryung Ah} and Park, {In Ae} and Kim, {Jae Ho} and Suh, {Pann Ghill} and Ryu, {Sung Ho} and Lee, {Kweon Haeng} and Han, {Joong Soo}",
note = "Funding Information: Supported by grants 96-0403-02-01-3 from Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF). D.Y. Noh and S.J. Ahn contributed equally to this work. The authors would like to thank Dr S.G. Rhee (Laboratory of Cell Signaling, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD) for his kind discussions.",
Noh, DY, Ahn, SJ, Lee, RA, Park, IA, Kim, JH, Suh, PG, Ryu, SH, Lee, KH & Han, JS 2000, 'Overexpression of phospholipase D1 in human breast cancer tissues', Cancer Letters, vol. 161, no. 2, pp. 207-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3835(00)00612-1
Overexpression of phospholipase D1 in human breast cancer tissues. / Noh, Dong Young; Ahn, Soo Jung; Lee, Ryung Ah et al.
In: Cancer Letters, Vol. 161, No. 2, 20.12.2000, p. 207-214.
T1 - Overexpression of phospholipase D1 in human breast cancer tissues
AU - Noh, Dong Young
AU - Ahn, Soo Jung
AU - Lee, Ryung Ah
AU - Park, In Ae
AU - Kim, Jae Ho
AU - Suh, Pann Ghill
AU - Ryu, Sung Ho
AU - Lee, Kweon Haeng
AU - Han, Joong Soo
N1 - Funding Information: Supported by grants 96-0403-02-01-3 from Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF). D.Y. Noh and S.J. Ahn contributed equally to this work. The authors would like to thank Dr S.G. Rhee (Laboratory of Cell Signaling, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD) for his kind discussions.
N2 - Phospholipase D (PLD) catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) to produce phosphatidic acid (PA) and choline. PLD is a major enzyme implicated in important cellular processes, such as cell proliferation. We designed this study to investigate the expression of PLD in human breast carcinomas and non-malignant tissues using RT-PCR, Western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry and an Arf-dependent PLD activity assay. We examined about 550 bp of PCR product and 120 kDa of PLD protein. Our results showed that PLD protein and mRNA levels were overexpressed in 14 of 17 breast cancer tissues. We also observed increased expression by immunohistochemistry and Arf-dependent PLD activity in microsomes of human breast tumors, which correlated well with PLD expression. PLD expression was elevated in human breast tumors compared with normal breast tissues. These results implicate a possible role of PLD in human breast tumorigenesis and suggest that PLD may be useful as a marker for malignant disease in the breast. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.
AB - Phospholipase D (PLD) catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) to produce phosphatidic acid (PA) and choline. PLD is a major enzyme implicated in important cellular processes, such as cell proliferation. We designed this study to investigate the expression of PLD in human breast carcinomas and non-malignant tissues using RT-PCR, Western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry and an Arf-dependent PLD activity assay. We examined about 550 bp of PCR product and 120 kDa of PLD protein. Our results showed that PLD protein and mRNA levels were overexpressed in 14 of 17 breast cancer tissues. We also observed increased expression by immunohistochemistry and Arf-dependent PLD activity in microsomes of human breast tumors, which correlated well with PLD expression. PLD expression was elevated in human breast tumors compared with normal breast tissues. These results implicate a possible role of PLD in human breast tumorigenesis and suggest that PLD may be useful as a marker for malignant disease in the breast. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.
KW - Breast cancer tissues
KW - Phospholipase D
KW - Tumorigenesis
Noh DY, Ahn SJ, Lee RA, Park IA, Kim JH, Suh PG et al. Overexpression of phospholipase D1 in human breast cancer tissues. Cancer Letters. 2000 Dec 20;161(2):207-214. doi: 10.1016/S0304-3835(00)00612-1


text:
Japanese Americans making bread (ddr-densho-37-241)
Jap Farm Production At Center Is High (December 18, 1943) (ddr-densho-56-1000)
The Newell Star, Vol. II, No. 23 (June 8, 1945) (ddr-densho-284-72)
The Newell Star, Vol. I, No. 15 (June 8, 1944) (ddr-densho-284-22)
Japanese Americans lining up for mess hall (ddr-densho-93-21)
The Newell Star, Vol. I, No. 24 (August 10, 1944) (ddr-densho-284-30)
Tule Lake Cooperator, Vol. 2, No. 35 (November 6, 1943) (ddr-densho-289-6)
The Tule Lake Cooperator, Vol. 4, No. 102 (November 10, 1945) (ddr-densho-289-9)
Letter (with envelope) to Molly Wilson from Chiyeko Akahoshi (November 27, 1943) (ddr-janm-1-108)
Mitsue Matsui Segment 13 (ddr-densho-1008-3-13)
Kats Kunitsugu - Paul Tsuneishi Interview Segment 4 (ddr-densho-122-17-4)
Aiko Herzig Interview Segment 10 (ddr-densho-1002-8-10)
Kinge Okauchi Interview Segment 18 (ddr-manz-1-39-18)
Yukiko Miyake Segment 29 (ddr-densho-1000-49-29)
Arthur Ogami Interview Segment 12 (ddr-densho-1000-154-12)
Japanese American child (ddr-densho-26-91)
[Report on Tule Lake disorders] (ddr-csujad-2-64)
An Oral History with Norman Y. Mineta (ddr-csujad-29-55)
Structural report, chapter I: an introduction to Tule Lake (ddr-csujad-26-3)
University of California evacuation and resettlement study: The Gila River WRA relocation center, Rivers, Pinal County, Arizona (ddr-csujad-26-27)
O-OP canteen sale (ddr-csujad-7-22)
Victory garden (ddr-densho-242-21)
Camp meal ticket (ddr-densho-13-25)
Mess hall (ddr-densho-37-247)
Mess hall interior (ddr-densho-37-804)
img Japanese Americans making bread (ddr-densho-37-241)
doc Jap Farm Production At Center Is High (December 18, 1943) (ddr-densho-56-1000)
The Seattle Daily Times, December 18, 1943, p. 1
http://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-56-1000/
doc The Newell Star, Vol. II, No. 23 (June 8, 1945) (ddr-densho-284-72)
Selected article titles: "Food Committee to Be Elected" (p. 1), "Eight Violators Given Jail Terms" (p. 1), "Doubt Constitutionality of 2 Sections of New Law" (p. 2), and "Japanese in LA Hold Memorial Day Services" (p. 3).
doc The Newell Star, Vol. I, No. 15 (June 8, 1944) (ddr-densho-284-22)
Selected article titles: "Voluntary Terminations Asked in Families of Two" (p. 2) and "Hayward Assures Ample Supply of Vegetables" (p. 2).
img Japanese Americans lining up for mess hall (ddr-densho-93-21)
Original Ansel Adams caption: Mess line, noon, Manzanar Relocation Center, California / photograph by Ansel Adams.
doc The Newell Star, Vol. I, No. 24 (August 10, 1944) (ddr-densho-284-30)
Selected article titles: "Canada Gives Postwar Policy on Japanese" (p. 1), "Patrolmen: Reorganized Force Asks Residents' Cooperation" (pp. 1-2), and "WRA Announces Revision of Food Ration Quotas" (p. 2).
doc Tule Lake Cooperator, Vol. 2, No. 35 (November 6, 1943) (ddr-densho-289-6)
Selected article titles: "'Let's Join Co-op and Get the Benefits!'" (p. 1), "Co-op Plan to Make 'Tofu'" (p. 1), "Licensed Pharmacists Wanted" (p. 1).
av The Tule Lake Cooperator, Vol. 4, No. 102 (November 10, 1945) (ddr-densho-289-9)
Selected article titles: "Special Meeting of General Assembly: Opening Address" (p. 1), "Tofu Making Discontinued Nov. 30" (p. 1), "Resolutions Adopted By General Assembly" (p. 2).
doc Letter (with envelope) to Molly Wilson from Chiyeko Akahoshi (November 27, 1943) (ddr-janm-1-108)
Handwritten letter to Molly Wilson from Chiyeko Akahoshi (November 27, 1943). Envelope is postmarked November 29, 1943 from the Manzanar Incarceration Camp in Manzanar, California.
http://ddr.densho.org/ddr-janm-1-108/
vh Mitsue Matsui Segment 13 (ddr-densho-1008-3-13)
Food in Topaz concentration camp
Members of the National Japanese American Historical Society (NJAHS) arranged for and conducted this interview in conjunction with Densho.
http://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1008-3-13/
vh Kats Kunitsugu - Paul Tsuneishi Interview Segment 4 (ddr-densho-122-17-4)
Description of food in concentration camps
This interview was conducted by filmmaker Frank Abe for his 2000 documentary, Conscience and the Constitution, about the World War II resisters of conscience at the Heart Mountain incarceration camp. As a result, the interviews in this collection are typically not life histories, instead primarily focusing on issues surrounding the ...
http://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-122-17-4/
vh Aiko Herzig Interview Segment 10 (ddr-densho-1002-8-10)
Having a baby in camp: feeling angry because of lack of nutritious food for child
This interview was conducted by sisters Emiko and Chizuko Omori for their 1999 documentary, Rabbit in the Moon, about the Japanese American resisters of conscience in the World War II incarceration camps. As a result, the interviews in this collection are ...
vh Kinge Okauchi Interview Segment 18 (ddr-manz-1-39-18)
Description of camp mess hall
http://ddr.densho.org/ddr-manz-1-39-18/
vh Yukiko Miyake Segment 29 (ddr-densho-1000-49-29)
Making traditional foods at Minidoka concentration camp, "otsukemono" in a chamber pot
http://ddr.densho.org/ddr-densho-1000-49-29/
vh Arthur Ogami Interview Segment 12 (ddr-densho-1000-154-12)
Mealtime at Manzanar concentration camp, California
img Japanese American child (ddr-densho-26-91)
Minidoka camp photograph
doc [Report on Tule Lake disorders] (ddr-csujad-2-64)
A report written from the Community Analysis Section at Camp Granada regarding transfers to Amache Camp from Tule Lake Camp. The report describes the protests at Tule Lake Camp which led to martial law from November, 1943-January 1944. Highlights of the report include protests against the low quality and quantity of food present at Tule Lake ...
http://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-2-64/
vh An Oral History with Norman Y. Mineta (ddr-csujad-29-55)
Japanese American congressman, representing the Thirteenth Congressional District of California, born and raised in San Jose, California, discusses his early life, graduation from the University of California, Berkeley, and receiving a commission and serving in the armed forces from 1953-1956. Recalls the removal, "relocation," and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II at the Heart ...
http://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-29-55/
doc Structural report, chapter I: an introduction to Tule Lake (ddr-csujad-26-3)
Portion of a report compiled as part of the Japanese American Evacuation and Resettlement Study (JERS) describing the landscape, climate, barracks, facilities, schedule, and daily life routines of incarcerees at the Tule Lake incarceration camp. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: mei_01_34_001
http://ddr.densho.org/ddr-csujad-26-3/
doc University of California evacuation and resettlement study: The Gila River WRA relocation center, Rivers, Pinal County, Arizona (ddr-csujad-26-27)
Description of the Gila River incarceration camp during the first month of occupation, including camp location, climate, landscape, barracks, issues with camp construction, poor conditions and lack of furnishings, incarcerees who were subjected to upon arrival. Camp administration, food and housing issues, camp employment, security, recreation, and social groups are described and analyzed. Report compiled as ...
doc O-OP canteen sale (ddr-csujad-7-22)
Advertisement for sale at the camp's commisary. See this object in the California State Universities Japanese American Digitization project site: HMLSC_Canteen_Sale_P01
img Victory garden (ddr-densho-242-21)
Caption on front: "The V.G. sponsored by me in 1943. This picture taken in 1944, August."
doc Camp meal ticket (ddr-densho-13-25)
This meal ticket was required when a camp inmate wanted to eat outside his or her designated mess hall.
img Mess hall (ddr-densho-37-247)
img Mess hall interior (ddr-densho-37-804)
Original WRA caption: Jerome Relocation Center, Denson, Arkansas. The interior of the mess hall in Block 7 in the early afternoon.