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Top 10 Words That Are Changing Meaning
Farooq A. Kperogi Sunday, February 05, 2012 Semantics
By Farooq A. Kperogi Semantic shift (as professional linguists call change in the meaning of words) often takes several forms, ranging...
Semantic shift (as professional linguists call change in the meaning of words) often takes several forms, ranging from constriction to expansion to outright departure. Before our very eyes, many English words have changed or are changing their conventional meanings. I identify below what I consider some of the most noteworthy semantic shifts of the last few decades.
1. "Occupy." Thanks to the "Occupy Wall Street" movement—and its various local and national domestications, such as "Occupy Nigeria"—the dominant denotative associations that this word evokes will change—or is changing. Before the "Occupy" Movement, when we encountered the word "occupy" we thought of the following: living in a certain place (as in, occupy a house), being busy with something (as in, he occupies himself with collecting flowers), consuming one's attention (as in, the plight of the poor occupies his mind all the time), etc.
Now, occupy also means to forcefully protest against capitalist excesses, inequality, corruption, etc. Interestingly, the Occupy Movement has merely resuscitated the original meaning of "occupy," according to the Oxford Dictionary. "The very first meaning of 'occupy' in English was, following the Norman Conquest, 'to take possession of; to seize'," according to the Oxford Dictionary. The current, expanded meaning of "Occupy" was the first runner-up to the Oxford Dictionary's 2011 word of the year.
2. "Aggravating." Aggravate means to get worse. That's the meaning many prestigious dictionaries privilege. In popular usage, however, it means to annoy. "Aggravating" therefore means "annoying," not "making worse." Lexicographers have not fully caught up with this semantic shift and grammarians are up in arms against this "unacceptable distortion" of the "real" meaning of the word. In my news writing classes, for instance, I am required to discourage students from using "aggravating" as a synonym for "irritating." But the descriptivist grammarian in me often compels me to tell my students that in the near future their usage would become the new standard that dictionaries would privilege and that grammarians would jealously protect. That's the nature of semantic change in all progressive languages.
3. "Hysterical." Hysteria is chiefly a psychoanalytic term that means the state of violent mental agitation. It's also understood in popular usage to mean excessive or uncontrolled fear. But the word now means "very funny." People who protest this semantic change should remember that hysteria originally meant a woman's womb.
4. "Ridiculous." It used to primarily mean absurdly funny. Now it also means unacceptable. People mostly use it in moments of anger, as in: "The teacher gave me a C in spite of all the effort I put into writing that paper. That's ridiculous!" People also now call people "ridiculous" instead of saying they are annoying or stupid. I prognosticate that in the next few decades, no dictionary would list "funny" as the meaning of "ridiculous," except, perhaps, in their etymological notes, that is, in notes on the history of the meaning of the word.
5. "Aggressive." This used to be a bad word. It was an adjective of disapproval to describe people who were belligerent and coarse and violent. But in the last 20 or so years, the word has acquired a positive connotation, thanks to business English. It now mostly means having or showing determination and energetic pursuit of your ends, as in: ""an aggressive businessman"; "an aggressive basketball player"; "he was aggressive and imperious; positive in his convictions"; "aggressive go-getter." It's a case of a bad word gone good.
6. "Literally." This word conventionally means "exactly," not figurative (as in: when I said I would slap him, I meant it literally). It also used to emphasize the truth of something that sounds incredible, as in: Literally millions of people from all corners of the world converge in one place during the Hajj. Then, over the years, an informal usage of the word emerged that turned its meaning upside down. It no longer exclusively means "exactly"; it now also means figuratively, hitherto its antonym, i.e., opposite word. Sentences like "The courts literally slapped us with thousands of dollars in fine," "the comedian was so funny he literally killed me" (hmm…if he literally killed you why are you alive to tell the story?) became commonplace. In both Britain and America, young people now use "literally" as an intensifier (i.e., a meaningless word that merely heightens the meaning of other words). It has taken the place of "really." Many grammarians still object to this usage.
7. "Insanely." Most modern dictionaries define this word as "crazily." It is derived from "insane," which means crazy, mentally unstable. But contemporary usage in the UK and the US is moving towards using the word as a synonym for "extremely" as in: "I am insanely busy." Interestingly, both "crazy" and "insane" are also shifting meanings among young people in America and Britain. The words now usually mean unbelievable or unreal, as in: "she divorced her husband after only one week of marriage? That's crazy/insane!"
8. "Booty." [Pronounced something like /buudi/] This word used to exclusively mean loot, that is, money or goods obtained illegally, especially in times of war. The word is often metaphorically extended to mean something gained or won. This has been the primary denotation of the word since Middle English, that is, from 1100 to 1450. But thanks to African-American Vernacular English (AAVE), otherwise known as Ebonics, this term now also means buttocks, especially a woman's buttocks. Young Britons also use the term to denote buttocks.
Popular derivatives of this term are "bootylicious" (which means sexually attractive), "booty call" (which means sexual rendezvous). Although these terms entered mainstream American conversational English in the 1990s, the 2010 edition of the Oxford Dictionary of English says the expression "shake one's booty" (which means to dance energetically) has existed in American English since the 1920s. The dictionary suggests that booty was probably initially an alternative spelling of "botty," a child's word for buttocks in British English.
9. "Like." This word has acquired an additional meaning as a fancy but basically meaningless hesitation filler. This semantic extension first started as American youth-speak, then graduated to an informal Americanism, and has now percolated into the informal English of almost all of the world's English varieties. It has replaced "you know" as the hesitation filler of choice in conversational English. Sometimes, people combine "you know" and "like" in one sentence, as in: "I thought for a second there was, like, you know, a story or something, but every shot is like only a second long."
Over the last few years, "was like" or "is like" has also come to function as a synonym for "said" or "says," as in: "I saw him standing there and I was like: 'what's your name? And he was like: John. And I was like: cool. And he was like: yeah." This usage drives me crazy. It makes me want to smack someone's mouth!
10. "Gay." When I was news editor of Weekly Trust in 2001, we cast a back-page headline that read: "ABU Goes Gay for NUGA." (NUGA stands for Nigerian Universities Games Association). The following day, we were bombarded with a barrage of angry phone calls and emails from readers. Gay evoked associations with homosexuality in our readers' minds.
But "gay" used to mean "happy," "lively," "carefree," or "bright and showy." That was the meaning we had in mind when we cast the headline. Plus, we were seduced by the alliterative effect of the "g" sound in "goes," "gay" and "NUGA." We were obviously behind the times. Most modern dictionaries now describe our meaning of the word as "dated," i.e., out of fashion. It is noteworthy that when it first appeared in English in the 1600s "gay" was associated with "immorality." Then it changed meaning to "happy, lively, carefree," etc. Now its predominant association is with homosexuality.
31. Neologisms and Ebonics in American English
35. Top Election-Related Grammatical Errors in Nigerian English
36. Of Origins, American English and British English
37. When is "Nigerian English" Legitimate?
38. Top 10 Useless, Outdated English Grammar Rules
39. Superlative Expressions in American English
40. Americanisms I Can Do Without
41. Most Popular Mangled Expressions in Nigerian English
43. More Q and A on Grammar
44. Q and A on Usage, Articles, and Tenses
45. Top Hilarious Differences between American and Nigerian English
46. The Grammar and Vocabulary of "Fuel Subsidy Removal"
English English grammar Grammar Semantic shift Semantics
Eric Indiana February 19, 2012 at 10:38 PM
"Literally" is the one that drives me crazy. I am not ready to accept that it has changed into a synonym for "figuratively". Sometime, though there is intent behind the change in meanings, as in my drive to changethe meaning of the word pussy: http://daisybrain.wordpress.com/2009/10/19/idea-7-pussy/


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Obama's Approval Numbers Plummet (Again)
07.03.13 09:01 PM
President Barack Obama's rapport with the American people continues to slip. A poll released this week by Investors Business Daily (IBD) shows more than half the country now disapproves of the President's second-term performance.
Only 41 percent of Americans said they approve of Obama when the survey was conducted at the end of June, as the President shrugged off yet another surveillance scandal before dashing off to a lavish tour of Africa. But a 52 percent majority said they disapprove.
The surveillance scandals have hit the President hard.
"A clear majority, 59%, said government surveillance invades innocent Americans' privacy, vs. 34% who disagreed," the survey summary reports. "Among independents, the split was 72%-25%. Even 42% of Democrats agreed the surveillance invades privacy. Obama has taken heat from his liberal base over the NSA program and the seizure of phone records of AP reporters and Fox News' James Rosen. Normally friendly editorial pages have been scathing and have noted Obama's broken 2008 promise to promote civil liberties."
Obama has seen a particularly steep drop in support from single women — a key demographic that buoyed both his election campaigns. His approval from single women has fallen 29 percent, from 74.5 percent last November to 52.9 percent in late June.
The IBD survey employs a number of factors in assigning the President's overall approval rating a number known as the Presidential Leadership Index. In only a single month, Obama's already-low index rating fell from 48.9 to 43.2 on the 100-point scale. "The 11.7% slide was the worst since Obama took office. For the fourth straight month, the reading stood below 50, signaling disapproval," the report notes.
http://personalliberty.com/2013/07/0...plummet-again/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Katniss Everdeen voluntarily takes her younger sister's place in the Hunger Games: When bitten by a genetically modified spider, a nerdy, shy, and awkward high school student gains spider-like abilities that he eventually must use to fight evil as a superhero after tragedy befalls his family. The Monopoly Story Documentary Beth. Add it to your IMDbPage. My Favorite Topher Grace Movies.


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Q: jGrasp - System.out.println not showing even though code is successful I'm making this java file for a class, but when I use the test runner and complete the operation, the System.out.println() doesn't come up at all in the console. The console says that the operation was completed successfully but nothing is coming up.
public class ShapeMetrics {
    public static float getAreaOfRectangle(float width, float height) {
        float area = width * height;
        return area;
     }
}

public class TestRunner {
   public static void main(String args[]){

      float w = 6.1F;
      float h = 3.3F;
      float area = ShapeMetrics.getAreaOfRectangle (w, h);
      System.out.println("The area of the rectangle is: " + area);
      System.out.print("test");
   }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


John Buchanan said that facing either India or New Zealand in the day-night summit clash did not make any difference to his world champion side.
Displaying confidence ahead of the November 18 tri-series cricket final, Australian coach John Buchanan on Fridaysaid that facing either India or New Zealand in the day-night summit clash did not make any difference to his world champion side.
"Whichever team we face, whether it is India or New Zealand, does not matter to us. We will only concentrate on playing well," the Aussie coach told newspersons at the team hotel here soon after arriving by a morning flight from Bangalore.
"But I know, from a local point of view, everybody will like us to play India," he quipped.
The Aussies, who lost to the hosts in their opening match of the tournament, have been in marvellous form since then, winning five back-to-back matches. They bulldozed their way into the final garnering 28 points, leaving their two opponents far behind.
India and New Zealand, now on ten points each, would battle it out in the last group league game of the tournament at Hyderabad tomorrow to decide the other finalist.
"The final will be a new game for us. We have finished the league matches. We played quite well. And now only the Big Match remains," Buchanan said.


Team FCVN will be running in the 2009 Boston Marathon on April 20, 2009. As you know, there are many reasons why participants choose to endure the physical and emotional challenge of the Boston Marathon. Some run to win; most run to finish; a few, use the opportunity to give. Members of Team FCVN 2009 are the chosen few. Team members have chosen to share their dream of completing a Boston Marathon with orphaned children in Vietnam. Help us, help them reach their goal, by pledging, either by check or online. (be sure to include the team member's name when pledging).
Congratulations to Tom Nguyen and Scott Thatcher, Team-FCVN: 2010. Together, not only did they complete the historic Boston Marathon…they raised over $10K. A new FCVN fundraising record. WOW!
Scott Thatcher is an information technology and management consultant. He has been an avid runner throughout his youth and has wanted to run the Boston Marathon since attending Emerson College. In his spare time he enjoys participating in other regional races as well as traveling. Scott lives in Boston close to the finish line of the marathon with his wife Oum.
My name is Alessandra DeMarchis and I am a Junior year Biology major at Williams College. I am originally from Burlington, Vermont but currently live in Park City, Utah where I am able to enjoy skiing, climbing, mountain biking, and of course running. Up until this year I was a varsity Cross Country Skier for the Williams College Ski Team. After joining the Williams Outing Club last spring, I decided to concentrate my time on climbing and hiking. I ran the Burlington marathon two summers ago and it was one of the most reward experiences of my life. I am looking forward to supporting the FCVN and running the Boston Marathon this April.


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Hispanic Health Assessment
In the United States, ethnicity and race influence a person's capacity to attain optimal health. The existing evidence shows that the differential health outcomes among the different identity groups stem from systematic variances in communities that occupy uneven positions within the society, which are unreasonable and preventable (Bediako and Griffith, 2020). Ethnicity and race have led to tangible effects on the lives of minority ethnic groups within the United States, leading to health disparities that take on varying forms. This paper will focus on health status and disparities among Hispanics, one of the minority groups within the United States. The paper will also suggest the health promotion activities and cultural models that support competent health promotion among Hispanics. Many Hispanics are experiencing risks and challenges compared to the general population in the face of health disparities trends.
Hispanic Population
Hispanics have been one of the fastest developing and growing population in U.S. Being the biggest minority set in the U.S, they have greatly contributed to the nation's cultural diversity and economy. The Hispanic population can comprise of demographics of people from Mexico, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Central and South America. The majority of the Hispanics in the United States have traced their heritage and origin from Mexico. Bestowing to the 2015 U.S Census Bureau Population estimate, the United States is home to more than 56.5 million Hispanics (Velasco-Mondragon et al., 2016). Hispanics in the United States comprise of foreign-born and native-born individuals that have migrated from the Caribbean, Latin America and Spain. Hispanics have been disproportionately impacted by the poor conditions and lifestyle, shaped by their social and structural position factors such as cultural values, socioeconomic status, education, income, social determinants of health and social support systems like health services.
Current Health Status
The current health status of Hispanics differs by their generational status. Hispanic health has been shaped by a lack of access to health insurance, preventative care, and cultural barriers. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention have cited that some of the major grounds of death and illness among Hispanics consist of Cancer, stroke, heart disease, diabetes, and accidents (CDC, 2019). For instance, Hispanic adults have a possibility of being diagnosed with diabetes unlike non-Hispanic whites (Velasco-Mondragon et al., 2015). Hispanics have a possibility to have obese unlike non-Hispanic whites in the United States. The causes of low health status among Hispanics unlike non-Hispanics in the United States are greatly linked to health disparities among Minority groups.
Health disparities consist of the variables that lead to inequalities and unequal distribution of healthcare services (Baciu et al., 2015). These are the preventable differences in the achievement of optimal health among minority groups. The health disparities among Hispanics are differences in the access to health services defined by socioeconomic status, ethnicity and economic resources. The Hispanic population in the United States face great disparities with language barriers, educational inequalities, socioeconomic status and access to care.
Hispanics encounter a variety of non-financial and financial barriers in obtaining timely and appropriate healthcare. Language, the extent of acculturation and immigration status have directly impacted access to care. For instance, limited proficiency in English has led to language barriers that have limited the ability to obtain health care and health information.
A large percent of the Hispanic population is not covered by health insurance, thus increasing healthcare costs (Velasco-Mondragon et al., 2015). Members of the Hispanic communities have a high illiteracy rate as compared to the non-Hispanic whites. Lack of sufficient education has contributed to barriers in healthcare case services due to limited understanding of treatment, diagnosis, prevention practices and health promotion. Hispanics are socioeconomically disadvantaged as unlike non-Hispanic whites in U.S. Their socio-economic conditions have greatly influenced their health outcomes.
Health Promotion Activities
Improving participation and access to health promotion interventions can boost healthcare and reduce health disparities among Hispanics. Cultural adaptation is among the most effective activities that can increase support across various health disciplines. Adaptation ensures that the health initiatives have reached the ethnic minority groups and addressed the healthcare needs (Liu et al., 2015). Cultural adaptation entails including individuals from the targeted population and the cultural beliefs to create successful care plans for the Hispanics.
An effective strategy to improve the health literacy of Hispanic to facilitate health promotion. Amplifying the diffusion of health information through private and federal efforts will boost health promotion among Hispanics in the United States. Health promotion through education material in Spanish is another effective practice to promote health among Hispanics. For instance, CDC has offered Hispanic communities novels that contain stories that discuss detection, treatment and disease processes (Bediako and Griffith, 2020). These have been effective in changing their decisions in cultural diet and practices. The United States government should focus on improving access to health insurance among minority groups. Increased affordability and health care access will facilitate better healthcare outcomes among Hispanics.
Cultural Adaptation Using the Three Levels of Health Promotion Prevention
The three levels of health promotion include primary prevention, secondary prevention and tertiary prevention. Each of these levels plays an essential in health promotion. The primary intervention for Hispanics entails improving access to quality health care services to offer avenues that low health risks. Secondary intervention includes preventative measures for early diagnosis and prompt treatment to prevent severe problems. For this case, educating Hispanics on early screening and cultural practices can be supplemented to facilitate early disease detection. The tertiary prevention will entail educating Hispanics using materials in Spanish that incorporate their cultural beliefs and practices in their treatment and disease processes. For instance, this can be used in diabetes and obesity, which are high among Hispanics in the United States.
Cultural beliefs and practices that need to be considered while creating a care plan include the traditions around diets, natural remedies, herbs, rituals, and preferences. Assessing the cultural values, beliefs, and practices enables better health outcomes due to interventions that achieve culture competent care. For instance, Hispanic cultural practices and diet are some of the things that can supplement health approaches depending on the ethnic group.
Culturally Competent Model in Health Promotion
Culturally competent health promotion entails the ability to deliver health care services that realize cultural, social and linguistic demands of individual communities. Ideally, culturally competent health promotion will improve health outcomes and health care access for Hispanics, contributing significantly to eliminating ethnic and racial health disparities. Through Purnell's model, the healthcare providers can examine the cultural beliefs, practices and values and related them in the care provision. The Purnell model relies on twelve domains that create cultural awareness and integrate culturally appropriate interventions (Purnell, 2021).
Various social determinants of health disparities disproportionally influence members of ethnic minority groups. The main health disparities affecting Hispanics include education, socioeconomic status, language barriers, and health literacy. The current health status of Hispanics records a low health status unlike non-Hispanic whites in the United States. Therefore, there is a need for health promotion activities to improve Hispanics' health conditions and health outcomes. Cultural adaptation, health literacy and government interventions in health care practices and services will play a great role in health promotion among Hispanics.
Baciu, A., Negussie, Y., Geller, A., Weinstein, J. N., & National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2017). The state of health disparities in the United States. In Communities in action: pathways to health equity. National Academies Press (US).
Bediako, S. M., & Griffith, D. M. (2020). Eliminating racial/ethnic health disparities: Reconsidering comparative approaches. UMBC Faculty Collection.
CDC. (2019). Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/hispanic-health/index.html
Liu, J. J., Davidson, E., Bhopal, R., White, M., Johnson, M., Netto, G., & Sheikh, A. (2015). Adapting health promotion interventions for ethnic minority groups: a qualitative study. Health promotion international, 31(2), 325-334.
Purnell, L. D. (2021). The Purnell Model and Theory for Cultural Competence. In Textbook for Transcultural Health Care: A Population Approach (pp. 19-59). Springer, Cham.
Velasco-Mondragon, E., Jimenez, A., Palladino-Davis, A. G., Davis, D., & Escamilla-Cejudo, J. A. (2016). Hispanic health in the USA: a scoping review of the literature. Public health reviews, 37(1), 1-27.


1. The typhoon "Tanmei" No. 24 of this year has been strengthened into a strong typhoon level on the evening of the 23rd. At present, there is still uncertainty about the future movement path of "Tanmei", and the probability of landing in China is decreasing. However, due to the strong winds and strong winds in the typhoon pool, it is expected that on the 29th and 30th of the wooden month, the surrounding wind circle may affect Shanghai Port and Ningbo Port, resulting in the suspension of emptying of the container and the closure of the port. Please be sure to pay attention to the plan in advance and keep an eye on the latest news from the port area.
There are goods from the Shanghai port to pay attention to the small partners. There is also a peak shipment before and after the National Day, please pay attention to arrange the shipping plan in advance. Shenzhen Hongmingda Logistics provides shipping, air transportation, express delivery, Amazon service, welcome to inquiry.


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Dusze czyśćcowe – według tradycji i nauczania  Kościoła katolickiego i dogmatyki dusze, które przebywają w czyśćcu po odbyciu sądu szczegółowego.

Katechizm Kościoła Katolickiego streszcza doktrynę o duszach czyśćcowych w punktach KKK 1030 i 1031, a o modlitwie za zmarłych w punktach 1032 i 1371, a także w Kompendium Katechizmu Kościoła Katolickiego, gdzie czytamy:

oraz

Przypisy

Bibliografia

Teologia katolicka
Eschatologia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Nursing Now is a new global campaign to raise the status and profile of nursing, empowering nurses globally to take their place at the centre of tackling 21st century health challenges. At the heart of health teams and their local communities, nurses play a crucial role in health promotion, disease prevention and treatment. Empowering nurses enhances gender equality and can help to build stronger communities and economies.
Working in collaboration with the International Council of Nurses, the World Health Organisation and with support from the Burdett Trust for Nursing, Nursing Now was developed from the findings of the UK government's All-Party Parliamentary Group on Global Health's Triple Impact report. The campaign aims to influence policymakers and support nurses to build a global network to advocate for leadership, education, training as well as sharing research and effective practice.
Nursing Now seeks an outstanding individual as its Executive Director to lead this campaign. With personal credibility gained through experience across nursing, health and related professions combined with strong knowledge and networks among the global health and development community, the Executive Director will be a powerful and persuasive advocate for the impact of nursing, locally and globally. Leading a small professional team and comfortable with leveraging influence from a range of stakeholders, the Executive Director will have an excellent understanding of advocacy, communications and engagement, and the strategic nous, interpersonal skills and passion to elevate and empower the voice of nurses and the profession worldwide.
If you have the attributes and experience to make this exciting campaign a success, you can apply or download further information via the button below, quoting reference 3474. The closing date for applications is 9am (GMT) Friday 30th March 2018.
The salary is commensurate with the seniority of the role, which is planned to be for a fixed term leading up to the 200th Anniversary of the birth of Florence Nightingale.


The latest in a centuries-long tradition of tattooing in prisons worldwide.
The making of a tattoo gun.
Captivity will beget invention. Modern American prisoners can jury-rig tattoo machines out of objects available at the commissary. A bit of a pen, a warped toothbrush, and a nine-volt battery get you a fully functional ink gun — the latest technology in a centuries-long tradition of tattooing in prisons worldwide.
Tattoos have served as ritualistic totems in a variety of cultures for millennia. In Japan, it was during the Kofun Period (300 to 600 C.E.) when tattoos began to assume connotations of criminality: Criminals were branded with a tattoo, much as slaves were in the Western Roman Empire.
Despite the allure, prison ink can prove a liability. When sentencing a prisoner, judges in some states can consider gang tattoos cause for enhanced penalties, depending on the crime. On rare occasions, a tat can even function as evidence: In 2008, the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department nailed Anthony Garcia for shooting John Juarez in a liquor store four years earlier. The tip-off? Garcia, a member of the Pico Rivera gang, was now sporting a tattoo that depicted the 2004 shooting in punctilious detail — including the store's holiday decorations and the direction in which the victim's body had fallen. Garcia confessed and was convicted of first-degree murder in April 2011.
A version of this story originally appeared in the June/July 2016 issue of Pacific Standard. Subscribe now and get eight issues/year or purchase a single copy of the magazine.


If the identifier is H5E_DEFAULT, the current error stack will be printed.
HDF5-DIAG: Error detected in HDF5 library version: 1.5.62 thread 0.
A similar line will appear before the error messages of each error class stating the library name, library version number, and thread identifier.
If estack_id is H5E_DEFAULT, the current error stack will be printed.
H5E_PRINT2 is a convenience function for H5E_WALK2 with a function that prints error messages. Users are encouraged to write their own more specific error handlers.


AppleInsider discusses Apple's entire laptop line, and talks about who needs what, and why. Ikea will be building on its popular and affordable smart home platform this fall with a new HomeKit-equipped smart plug, according to new rumors.
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Aston Martin's Marek Reichman on his Blueprint for Success
Words: Ken Gibson
Photography: Christoffer Rudquist
As Chief Creative Officer, Reichman relishes the challenge of creating the next generation of Aston Martins, maintaining the same passion as when he first started 12 years ago
Not many people end up doing what they always dreamed of as a child. For Marek Reichman, it's being Head of Design at Aston Martin. "As soon as I sketched my first car, I instantly knew this was my dream job," he recalls of his 12-year-old self. "But it felt unobtainable, like never daring to ask out the girl in the playground who was so beautiful — you just imagined."
Even his initial phone interview for the role of Head of Design with Aston Martin's then Chief Executive, Ulrich Bez, was slightly surreal because Marek was simply asked to bring along sketches of his vision for a new four-door Aston Martin. As soon as Dr Bez saw them in 2005, Marek was told: "You have the job." His career with Aston Martin was underway and those sketches went on to become the Rapide concept car of 2006.
His first production car was the DBS. He remembers being asked to show it to two VIP visitors, an actor called Daniel Craig and a film producer called Barbara Broccoli. For all Marek knew, Craig was just an up-and-coming actor; he had no idea Craig had signed up to play James Bond and that he and Broccoli were looking at the DBS as 007's new car in the next 007 movie, Casino Royale. Happily, Craig's reaction at seeing the DBS for the first time was a blunt "That's bloody awesome." It was at that point that Marek started to appreciate just how special being Aston Martin's chief designer was — very few people get to design a Bond car, for a start.
It's the aura of the brand and the special place it has in people's affections that the designer still appreciates most: "What I love about my job here is that we build cars that get everyone passionate and excited, even James Bond. Even people normally not interested at all in cars. This puts pressure on everything we design, but I thrive on the pressure."
Marek's ambition as a 12-year-old to become a car designer had been inspired by his father, a Sheffield blacksmith: "I had always wanted to make things, like my dad, and I had an interest in cars from an early age because my dad's best friend had exotic cars. Occasionally he got to drive them, so they quickly became my passion."
The very first thing he helped to design was as a student at Land Rover, when he worked on the bar that holds the spare wheel on the tailgate of the original Discovery. He took his formative steps in design at the Royal College of Art in London, as the very first Land Rover student. He eventually received a sought-after student placement in the Land Rover studio at Solihull — "a brilliant experience" — and one that eventually led to his first job as a designer with the company after college.
Marek remembers learning very quickly from design mentors such as Gerry McGovern, now Design Director at Land Rover, and his predecessor, Geoff Upex. He also quickly learned to be tenacious in his dealings with engineers. "If you didn't fight your corner about the smallest details, they would just dismiss you as a young designer," he recalls. Those early days could also be "very frustrating", he admits. "The bosses at Rover at the time didn't seem to want to nurture design; they needed to wake up."
Marek's office is filled with objects, images, materials and models that can provide sources of inspiration and fire his imagination, His new designs won't be an exercise in nostalgia, but display innovation while respecting the dynamic heritage of Aston Martin
The next stage of his career was far more adventurous. Working at BMW's Designworks studio in California, he found a place where designers were given the freedom to truly express themselves. This steep learning curve continued when he worked on BMW's newly acquired Rolls-Royce brand, designing the new Phantom. The design team set up in a studio in London's Park Lane that used to belong to the actor Johnny Depp. His final job before joining Aston Martin was a spell at Ford in California under the guidance of another automotive design legend, J Mays.
Marek has now overseen Aston Martin design for 12 years, but he says that he is as passionate about the cars now as the day he arrived. "There are so many new challenges because Aston Martin has so much potential," he says. One of the few criticisms he has had to address was the charge that 21st-century Aston Martins all had a very similar look. Marek argues convincingly that it was this clear design identity that put Aston Martin on the global map.
The thing that pushes me most is the constant drive for innovation from design
"One of my roles today is to ensure that every new model from Aston Martin is very different while also being very beautiful and instantly recognisable as an Aston Martin," he says. After that, there are a few special cars on the horizon. The next big project is the new Vantage. "In many respects, it's actually more important than the DB11 because it's the next phase. The Vantage is our core sports car. It has to be simple yet still jaw-droppingly beautiful with a strong wow factor and different to the DB11."
After the Vantage arrives in 2018, Marek and his design team have been tasked with creating Aston Martin's first SUV. "My challenge is simply to deliver the most beautiful SUV in the world and that's exactly what we've done." He thinks it's vital that he has the same attitude to Aston Martin as the owners who buy the cars: "I believe I have the same passion as an owner and that's why the designers all bond so well with our owners. Some of them have even become personal friends." This unique affinity between the company and its customers is, Marek believes, a cornerstone of the brand's recent success. The small things are also important: "One of the most special things about this job is getting emails from owners after they have bought a new car saying how 'amazed' they are. That's real job satisfaction."
Does this self-confessed perfectionist ever relax? "I'm not especially good at relaxing. My mind is always analysing and looking for inspiration everywhere I go. I currently run 5km every day, wherever I am, which helps me de-stress and relax. I also like to cook and shop for ingredients; I like perfecting a recipe."
Perhaps Marek best sums up what the job means to him when he says: "The thing that pushes me most is the constant drive for innovation from design, always looking forward and staying ahead of the game. The opportunity we have at Aston is brilliant, but we can never be complacent. We have to continuously push and stretch ourselves."
Future Thinking with Industrial Designer Ross Lovegrove
Inside AMR and AMR Pro


Following the Jesus who calls us to come and die requires very clear focus and very sharp vision.
Jesus heals the blind man in a strange way. In two stages, out of public sight and to give his disciples clear vision as well.
In a world that loves to be vague, Jesus calls us to be sharp and clear about who we believe Him to be.
Weak faith leads to fuzzy- thinking. Strong faith will send you into the battle with Jesus.
2. A BOLD AND PERSONAL CONFESSION!
'Who do people say that I am?' is an outrageous question – especially in a pagan city like Caesaria Philippi.
Peter's confession is the hinge that transitions us from the reality that Jesus is the promised King to what kind of King He is.
It is possible to profess Jesus, but not have a true confession of faith.
When you believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, following Him will cost you everything.
Remember! What you think about Jesus is more important than what you think about the politics of your country, your plans for the future and anything else on your mind. Sine Jesus is the promised King, we cannot do other but follow Him wherever He calls us.
1. Why is it inadequate to consider Jesus as only a great moral teacher or simply an example to follow?
2. What kind of King did the Jews of Jesus day expect the Messiah to be? How do we sometimes expect Jesus to do the same for us?
3. What is the difference between professing Christ i.e. saying you know who Jesus is and confessing Christ as your personal Lord and Savior? What would mark out the confessing disciple?
4. Who is Jesus to you and in what way is He molding your life? Are there any areas in your life where you need sharper focus to see Him more clearly and love Him more dearly?


Cricket West Indies president Dave Cameron believes the team's current struggles are due to players lack of commitment to the team. The Windies lost in all three formats to India recently and lost to Bangladesh in an away test series for the first time in their history. Speaking on Hitz 92 FM's Sports Grill on Wednesday, Cameron argued that the problem extends beyond the field of play.
"We are challenged as a people as everybody wants the game to be over in three hours and we all want to get rich very very quickly. We have a board meeting this weekend and will have to make some serious decisions around our West Indies cricket first policy. Part of our problem is that we have players who are going in and out of the system. They are not fit enough; we've spent millions of dollars to bring them to where they are at and we need players to commit to West Indies," said Cameron.
Cameron also says the public should play its part in holding the players accountable for their lack of commitment. "It's not an outcry across the region because the West Indies is not one country. If this was South Africa we would not allow our players to play other events when West Indies is playing cricket and we seem not to have the moral authority to force people to play for us even though we have spent millions of dollars developing these athletes. I think we need some sort of public forum where everybody can get behind us," noted Cameron.


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Detecting and countering illicit financial flows
This project aims to measure and monitor illicit financial flows in the Global South, study their negative impacts, and evaluate policies for counteracting them.
While countries in the Global South have increased their tax revenues in the last decades, overall revenues remain low compared to advanced economies both in absolute and relative terms. This is a key challenge to development, as provision of crucial public services, such as education, healthcare, and infrastructure, rely on states having money to spend.
This project seeks to address the challenge of illicit financial flows by investigating the magnitude of these flows, the channels through which they flow, and the policy responses that may dampen the flows. The aim is to provide knowledge for the governments of developing countries that supports policies which will increase the revenue collection.
The project will mobilize high-profile academics in the field to discuss knowledge gaps and to set direction for future research. Key outputs will include 16 research papers, as well as recommendations for international organizations and selected individual countries based on the insights generated by the research papers.
What is the stock of hidden wealth?
What is the extent of international corporate tax avoidance?
What can be learnt from audit information and legal cases in estimating IFFs?
What can be learnt from exploiting leaks to link IFFs and individuals?
What is the effect of anti-IFF initiatives? Which anti-IFF initiatives actually work?
What is the broader cost of IFFs?
Researchers' network
As part of the project, we bring together an informal network of leading international researchers working on the topic of international tax and illicit financial flows.
All papers, events, briefs, blog posts, and opportunities to engage relating to the project will be available on this webpage.
UN's 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
The research will address SDG 16: Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions and SDG 17: Partnerships for the goals. Illicit financial flows hamper sustainable development by undermining institutions (SDG 16.4) and domestic revenue mobilization (SDG 17.1). The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development recognizes these risks and targets 'By 2030, to significantly reduce illicit financial flows'.
This project is part of the 'Domestic Revenue Mobilization' programme.
Focal point: Finn Tarp
Project support: Jutta Stenholm
Communications: Anna Toppari
University of Copenhagen (UCPH)
Financial support from the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation
(Norad)
Detecting and countering illicit financial flows: Researchers' network
The Sustainable Development Agenda
42 articles, publications, projects, experts...
Sort by DateA-ZRelevance
Trade sanctions and informal employment
This paper examines how trade sanctions affect the allocation of workers across formal and informal employment. We analyse the case of the unexpected and unprecedented trade sanctions imposed on Iran in 2012...
International trade Informal work Labour market
The end of Londongrad? The impact of beneficial ownership transparency on offshore investment in UK property
The United Kingdom's (UK) property markets are thought to be a common destination for corrupt and criminal assets and money laundering, with investment often through offshore shell companies...
Money laundering Real property Ownership
Research on mandatory disclosure rules presented at the University of Münster
Assistant Professor Elisa Casi-Eberhard from the Norwegian School of Economics presents a UNU-WIDER Working Paper at the University of Münster 's Economic Research Seminar on 14 December 2022. The topic of Casi-Eberhard's presentation...
University of Münster, Münster, Germany
New global estimates on profits in tax havens suggest the tax loss continues to rise
by Ludvig Wier, Gabriel Zucman
The world has been trying to curb profit shifting to tax havens for a decade, but consistent time series evaluating the impact of these reforms have been largely absent...
Profit shifting Illicit financial flows Domestic revenue mobilization
Herding, rent-seeking taxpayers, and endemic corruption
In an environment with extensive corruption where much of the population evades paying their full taxes due, we tackle the question of optimal taxation when constituencies with opposing objectives (the poor and the rich) push tax policy in different ...
Tax evasion Corruption Rent-seeking
A look offshore: unpacking the routes of misinvoicing in international trade
We study whether misinvoicing in international trade is reflected in cross-border bank accounts as reported by offshore financial centres...
Misinvoicing Banking Offshore financial centres
Illicit financial flows and developing countries: A review of methods and evidence
THIS ARTICLE IS ON EARLY VIEW | Illicit financial flows (IFFs) constitute a major challenge for development in low-income countries, as domestic resource mobilization is imperative for providing crucial public services...
Illicit financial flows Tax havens Multinational firms
Global profit shifting, 1975–2019
This paper constructs time series of global profit shifting covering the 2015–19 period, during which major international efforts were implemented to curb profit shifting...
Profit shifting Multinational firms Taxation
Workshop on illicit financial flows
UNU-WIDER together with the Development Economics Research Group at the University of Copenhagen (UCPH-DERG) organizes an in-person workshop on illicit financial flows (IFFs) at the University of Copenhagen on 25-26 October 2022.
25 October 2022 – 26 October 2022
University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Copenhagen, Denmark
Research on illicit financial flows presented at the EU Tax Observatory Lunch Seminar
Assistant Professor Elisa Casi-Eberhard from the Norwegian School of Economics presents a UNU-WIDER Working Paper at the EU Tax Observatory lunch seminar on 5 October 2022. The topic of Casi-Eberhard's presentation is So close and yet so far:...
Paris School of Economics, Paris, France
So close and yet so far: the ability of mandatory disclosure rules to crack down on offshore tax evasion
We study the short-term effect of the introduction of the mandatory disclosure programme for aggressive tax arrangements by focusing on the one introduced in May 2018 under Council Directive 2018/288/EU (or DAC6)...
Tax evasion Income under-reporting Regulation
Elisa Casi-Eberhard on mandatory disclosure regimes
World Bank's hybrid conference on global tax equity is organized on 22-23 September 2022. Elisa Casi-Eberhard , a Norwegian School of Economics Assistant Professor, gives a presentation on a WIDER Working Paper at the conference. The topic of...
22 September 2022 – 23 September 2022
Hybrid, United States
Research on illicit financial flows presented at the Ninth Annual Mannheim Taxation Conference
The ninth edition of the Annual MannheimTaxation Conference takes place in person in Mannheim, Germany on 8–9 September 2022. Assistant Professor Elisa Casi-Eberhard from the Norwegian School of Economics presents a UNU-WIDER Working Paper in...
8 September 2022 – 9 September 2022
Mannheim, Germany
Revealing 21 per cent of GDP in hidden assets: Evidence from Argentina's tax amnesties
This paper studies the effectiveness of tax amnesties and their impacts on capital taxation and public spending...
Tax evasion Argentina Taxation
UNU-WIDER shares latest DRM research at the IIPF 2022 Conference
10 August 2022 – 12 August 2022
University of Linz, Linz, Austria
Workshop on Illicit Financial Flows, Copenhagen, 25-26 October 2022
Under its Domestic Revenue Mobilization programme, United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER) together with the Development Economics Research Group at the University of Copenhagen (UCPH-DERG) will...
Closing date: 10 September 2022
Displaying 16 of 42 results.
Theme: 2019-23, Transforming states
IFFs Tax avoidance Norad Domestic revenue mobilization
The economics and politics of taxation and social protection
Southern Africa – Towards Inclusive Economic Development (SA-TIED)
Capital flight and development
Tax-motivated transfer mispricing in South Africa
Are less developed countries more exposed to multinational tax avoidance?


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Operations Efficiency
Payroll & Tax
Culture of Excellence
Onboarding Management Software
Ad Hoc Reports
Why SyncHR
Position Management is at the heart of everything we do! Learn More
How HCM Software Can Help Prepare You for the New Normal
How to prepare for when Covid-19 ends
For companies everywhere, standard practices in operations, finance, and HR were completely interrupted by Covid-19. Once the current crisis ends, those same organizations will need to be prepared to ramp up and get back to the "new normal" as quickly as possible.
Businesses will look very different once employees are able to return to their workplaces after Covid-19 ends. At a minimum, organizations will need to rehire employees who were laid off or hire new employees. People may be required to wear face masks and sit at desks six feet apart while working. New sanitization procedures may be required for shared equipment.
To navigate this new terrain, plan a transition, and take action when the time is right, organizations need HCM software that helps them appropriately staff to meet new goals while also addressing updated workplace health and safety requirements.
Staffing to meet updated goals
In response to Covid-19, most non-essential businesses closed their worksites. According to SHRM, a global survey shows that as of early April, about 68 percent of companies had closed offices amid the pandemic, and 63 percent had a hiring freeze in place. During this time, many employees have been working from home, furloughed, or laid off. While less than six percent of companies laid off employees, more than 22 million people have filed unemployment claims in the U.S due to Covid-19. With these crisis employment conditions, the organizational structure that was in place in early February is likely a distant memory.
Just as rapid turnover and changing operational needs made position management essential for HR and finance teams from the beginning of the Covid-19 crisis, position management is equally important when businesses re-open. Based on any organizational shifts and updated goals, staffing adjustments will be required, and new employees may need to be hired. When those changes occur, organizations need to be prepared to onboard, train and communicate in a way that fully engages their workforce.
Take a SWOT analysis and prepare for staffing needs
To address staffing needs based on the new normal, evaluate your organization's updated goals. With those goals in mind, use the data in your HCM to review the staffing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) across the organization. Identify departments or teams that may need additional headcount, as well as those that may be overstaffed.
Use your HCM's reporting features to help you:
Compare current staff levels with projected needs
Use conservative, moderate and aggressive what-if scenarios to determine ideal staffing levels
Evaluate projected needs based on role, job responsibilities and specific skills
Share the data and your projections with finance to build a suitable and flexible budget for the remainder of the year. Then be sure that your recruiting teams have the information they need to create job requisitions and posts. Recruiters need time to build a plan to recruit and hire the employees you need when operations ramp up.
As you prepare for rehires and new hires, upload hiring templates and other onboarding documents so the process is streamlined and ready to go when hiring begins. Make sure you also have training programs for current employees to ramp back into their work and to transition into other roles if they've been reassigned.
As the return to work becomes a reality for employees, provide frequent updates. The entire workforce needs as much information as possible so they're prepared to help you restart the business as a unified team. Offer as much detail as possible about what the new normal will look like at your worksite, as well as any new health and safety requirements so that employees aren't surprised.
Adapting worksites to meet new health and safety requirements
We don't yet know what new requirements will exist when businesses re-open after Covid-19, but it's certain there will be some changes to ensure workplace health and safety. Governor Cuomo of New York said that he wants to "ensure workplaces are designed to include social distancing measures (i.e., desks six feet apart, conference rooms redesigned), telecommuting for those who can and the most vulnerable."
There may also be requirements about workplace sanitization practices for shared equipment or required protective gear to enter buildings or to work onsite. As stay-at-home orders are dialed back, organizations will need to be informed about what changes they must make and what supplies they will need in order for employees to return to work.
Access necessary data about employees and worksites
An HCM provides organizations with the employee count and location data required to make plans for re-opening after Covid-19. Both of these data points will inform how many employees can occupy a building or worksite based on distancing requirements around workspace proximity.
Similarly, if gloves, masks, or sanitization stations are required for employees, an organization can use HCM data to assess how many supplies they need to order to provide those for employees. If equipment needs to be cleaned between use, or extra custodial staff hired to manage cleaning duties, your worksite location data will be essential to assessing what additional steps to take prior to re-opening.
Maximizing HCMs to adapt to a new normal
An HCM can and should provide the support an organization needs before, during, and after a crisis. The right HCM enables leaders to take care of and engage with their employees throughout a crisis and hit the ground running with new or re-hired staff when the business re-opens.
Unfortunately, most legacy HR and finance systems don't provide what enterprise leaders need.Instead of a legacy HCM, organizations need to look for a more agile, scalable, and simpler HCM platform. To navigate every stage of a crisis, organizations need transparency, relevant information, and flexible processes to quickly respond and adapt to a changing business climate.
SyncHR HCM is a modern, fully integrated, cloud-based HCM solution that simplifies complex tasks, accelerates processes, streamlines workflows, and gives businesses the agility they need to address immediate challenges during a crisis, as well as strategize and plan for life after the crisis is over.
Taking guidance from government officials and regulatory guidelines, organizations must look at their workforce and worksite data to create a plan that meets requirements prior to re-opening. If businesses re-open prematurely, or without a plan, it will significantly impact their success. At this volatile economic time, an uninformed re-opening after the Covid-19 could destroy businesses that are already struggling to survive amidst the chaos.
Contact a SyncHR solutions expert to learn more about business agility in a crisis.
John Cuellar
John is responsible for SyncHR's product, engineering, and system operations teams. He is focused on streamlining the business processes related to HCM and finance by distributing SyncHR to all members of the workforce and by using patented security and workflow to control these developments. John is also responsible for delivering SyncHR as a cloud based application with "extreme ratio" financial metrics.
He has a background in engineering, workplace applications, and business administration, bringing over 25 years of experience deploying strategic HCM applications. Prior to co-founding SyncHR, John was the CEO of Harbor Technologies, since acquired by Mellon Financial Corporation. Previous to Harbor Technology Group, he spent an internship with the Swiss Bank Corporation in their derivatives pricing and trading group and also worked as a senior manager for the US Navy. John received his Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of California at Santa Barbara, and his Master of Business Administration from the Haas School of Business at the University of California at Berkeley.
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2021 Predictions for Software Technology Jobs
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How To Get Data to Propel Your AI
No AI is effective without the right data feeding it. Learn how to gather the data that matters to build algorithms that make a difference.
The COVID Effect: Vacant Office Spaces And A Remote Workforce
COVID has made many things uncertain, and the future of the workforce is no difference. Explore what may happen to vacant office spaces in 2021 and how the workforce will change after covid.
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El Walla Walla és un afluent del riu Columbia, al que s'hi uneix just a sobre de Wallula Gap al sud-est de Washington als Estats Units. El riu travessa consecutivament el comtat d'Umatilla, Oregon, i el comtat de Walla Walla, Washington. La seva conca abasta una superfície de . Es testimonien diverses variants gràfiques del seu topònim com ara Wallow Wallows, Wollah Wollah, Wollaw Wolla, Woller Woller

Les capçaleres del Walla Walla són a les Blue Mountains al nord-est d'Oregon. El riu neix a resultes de la confluència del North Fork i el South Fork. La confluència de North i South Fork es troba a l'est de Milton-Freewater, Oregon. El riu discorre cap a l'est per arribar a Milton–Freewater, que es troba a la seva riba, i després davalla cap al nord passant Milton–Freewater.

El riu Walla Walla es dirigeix al sud-oest de la ciutat de Walla Walla a la vall de Walla Walla.

El riu Touchet s'uneix al Walla Walla a la localitat de Touchet, Washington. El cabal mitjà anual del riu Walla Walla just a sota de la confluència del riu Touchet és de   . La descàrrega màxima registrada va ser de    el 1964.

El riu entra al Columbia una milla al sud de la ciutat de Wallula just al nord de Wallula Gap. Aquest tram del riu Columbia s'anomena Wallula Lake, l'embassament creat per la presa McNary.

Referències

Enllaços externs

 Fluxos i previsions al riu Walla Walla

Geografia de Washington
Walla Walla


FOR HERE, PLEASE CONTACT US!
Maximum of 10 students in each class.
How long in advance do I have to book?
We recommend that you book 3-4 weeks in advance to be sure of a place, but the longer in advance the better.
How can I book my Spanish course?
You can see how to book by clicking on this page.
You can find more information about payment by clicking on this page.
As a rule you have to pay the total price when you book. If you are making an advance booking then you can pay 50% when you book and the rest minimum 30 days before the first day of your course.
You will have to book the first week as a separate booking. Then if you like the school you can make a new booking for more weeks. This will however be more expensive than making one booking for all the weeks together. And we cannot promise that there is a place for you after the first week. Our policy is that people who book and pay get the first places on a course.
Please visit our page about cancellations and refunds to see the terms and conditions that apply to cancellations and refunds.
If you cannot attend classes because of illness, we cannot compensate you in any way or form. However you can contact the school to get information on what you have missed in class and try and keep up by studying at home. If you cannot continue in the class when you are well again, then we will try to move you into another class.
Why is Speakeasy Language School so cheap?
We are often asked this. The question should perhaps be "Why are the other language schools in Barcelona so expensive?"
We have qualified and experienced native Spanish teachers, we are in the centre of town, we have nice & well equipped classrooms, an organized course plan and groups of maximum 10 students. We also got a vibrant student community with planned activities several times per week.
Are the teachers Spanish & qualified?
Yes. All of our teachers are native Spanish speakers from Spain. They all have a university degree or equivalent and at least 1 year of experience teaching Spanish to students in Spain.
Is the teaching in Spanish too?
Yes. All the materials and books are in Spanish (immersion method) and the teachers teach the class in Spanish from the first day. It´s the best way to learn a new language. This way you will pick up a lot more words and grammar and you will get used to using Spanish at all times. The reason we prefer not to use English in class is because languages contain different structures which means it´s not useful to just translate from one language to another. Besides that there might be students in class who don't know English well enough.
How are your Spanish classes?
Our Spanish course are "communicative" spanish lessons, which means that we teach a mixture of grammar, conversation and exercises, while covering a range of practical topics such as meeting people, travel, accommodation, shopping, working, excercising, health, etc.
To see an example of a typical course structure for a week click here. This example is from the 4 hour a day beginners course.
How many different Spanish levels are available?
How long does one Spanish level take?
Please contact us for more information about the course content or to receive a free level test.
Yes. If a student has a level that is either lower or higher than the group, then the student can change the level. It is always in the best interest of both student and the school that our students are placed in their corresponding level. To avoid problems of changing groups it is important that you thoroughly complete our level test so that we can get the level right from the beginning.
What is included in the Spanish course fees?
What is not included in the Spanish course fees?
Instruction books are not included in the course fees. We use the books "Gente Hoy 1 & 2" for our levels A1, A2 and B1, "Abanico" for the B2 level and "Ventilador" for C1 and C2. We also use supplementary exercises from other reference books.
Do you offer cultural activities?
What part of town is the school in?
Speakeasy Language School is in the very centre of Barcelona. In between the 3 busiest metro stations, Catalunya, Paseo de Gracia and Universidad, and only a 2 minute walk from the central square of Barcelona, Plaza Catalunya. You can see our location here.
How close is the accommodation to the school?
Shared flats and homestay are located within 15 minutes by Metro or bus. There are many hostels within 5-10 minutes walk from the school.
Do I get free Internet access?
Yes! We have a multimedia area with 3 PC's with high speed access. We also have WiFi connection in the school.
Can I get a free trial lesson?
It´s not possible to get free trial lessons. Having students entering and leaving classes to see if they like them disrupts the class. This is not fair on the students who have already paid for a Spanish class.
So how will you know if the class is right for you? Before you join a class we check your level by having you complete a free level test and if necessary we can have a teacher check your level too by having a short conversation with you in Spanish. Based on this we recommend a course. You can also book for one week and then decide to book for more weeks after having followed some classes.
Where do your students come from and how old are they?
Our students come from all over the World, so the classes are a mix of all nationalities and ages. The average age is around 28 years old.
How long does is take to learn to speak Spanish?
This is a difficult question to answer because there are many factors to take into consideration. Most people have a goal of being able to participate actively in a business or social conversation in the target language.
The best advice we can give you is that of Woody Allen. "90% of success is showing up!" If you attend classes regularly, put in the effort of homework and do not space out your classes too much, then generally speaking this can be achieved after 2-3 months of intensive Spanish classes i.e. 20 hours a week.


Blippar CEO Ambarish Mitra held a crisis meeting with staff on Monday about the firm's imminent risk of collapse. According to one person who attended the meeting, Mitra was too emotional to finish his speech and new chief operating officer Libby Penn had to finish on his behalf. Blippar confirmed on Monday that it was close to administration — similar to bankruptcy in the US — thanks to one investor blocking an emergency fundraise from another backer. In a terse email to staff on Wednesday, Mitra said the situation remains deadlocked.


The microbiology Department started functioning since 1998 and has crossed milestones in the past 14 years. Even before the teaching programme was implemented the clinical laboratory started functioning catering to the needs of the patients since 1998 performing basic bacteriologic cultures and serological tests. In 2001 the department was equipped with a complete Elisa system for performing HIV testing. Later the facility was extended to the diagnosis of various other viral and bacterial diseases, from 2003 onwards HIV Sentinel Surveillance Programme was initiated. The HIV lab was redesignated as Stated Reference Lab 4 years ago.
The clinical microbiology laboratory has been fully computerized using the WHONET Software facilitating the analysis of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and surveillance of hospital acquired pathogens . The microscopic agglutination test for leptospirosis is done exclusively in the department apart from being done in Madras Medical College. The department is committed to public Health programmes like integrated Disease Surveillance Programme(IDSP) and RNTCP.
The department is in the process of setting a RNTCP accredited TB lab for culture and drug susceptibility. The Real Time PCR lab has started to function a few days ago.
1.M.B.B.S –Didactic lectures, interactive symposiums and seminars and quizzes are conducted for the MBBS student pertaining to the MCI norms.
2. DMLT – Lecturer classes and practical classes are conducted for Diploma in Medical Laboratory Technology students.
3. BPT –Lecturer classes are conducted for physiotherapy students.
4.Post Graduates Basic science classes, Lectures, and Discussions are conducted for the Postgraduate students belonging to various clinical specialities.
7. Microbiology Post graduates students from states like Karnataka , Andharaprades h and within Tamil nadu have undergone hands on training in various serological procedures in the diagnostic aspects o f Leptospirosis in our department.
Oculofest – A ophthalmologic conference was held by the department of Opthalmology During the month of October 2012 in the auditorium within the college premises.
The II MBBS Students from Microbiology presented 5 posters in the conference and won the first prize.
1.HIV Sentinel Surveillance training programmes for Lab technicians, Counsellors & Medical Officers from HIV Sentinel sites belonging to the 12 taluk head quarters hospitals was conducted during the first week of December 2012. A similar programme was conducted previously in the year 2008 & 2010 .
2. Referesher training courses in HIV is conducted every year for ICTC Laboratory technicians and Counsellors working in the various PHC's from the neighbouring disitricts.
3. Training of ART Laboratory Technicians on CD4 Count is an ongoing programme and has been conducted every year. Ours is a Referral Centre and a Model Laboratory for CD4 testing.
4. HIV External Quality Assessment training programme & Workshop for ICTC Laboratory technicians and Counsellors has been conducted in the Department once in six months.
5. HIV/AIDS Induction training programme for General Laboratory Technicians from the neighbouring districs was conducted in the year March 2011.


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Review – Victor/Victoria, Southwark Playhouse
Friday 2 November 2012
A long while before she generously offered her Gift of Music, Julie Andrews was the subject of a Guardian interview at the NFT (now BFI).
Phil was in the audience and after furiously waving his arm in a "Me sir! Me sir!" kind of way, was given the chance to ask his killer question:
"Do you ever watch your old films and if you do which one do you watch most often?"
A hushed audience (including a complete stranger called Andrew – this was pre-Whinger days) leaned forward as one in anticipation of the answer (that's how Phil remembers it, anyway).
Julie paused thoughtfully before replying "I don't watch my films, but if I did it would be Victor/Victoria"
Fast-forward to a post-show conflab on Tuesday evening in the Southwark Playhouse bar and Andrew tries to tell Phil about Dame Julie's film selection, unaware that it was indeed Phil who had extracted this gem from the great lady. Phil puffed up proudly. "But that was me! I asked that question!"
It's a funny old world.
And it's a funny old film and one that the Whingers are both extremely fond of.
The 1982 film was turned into a stage musical (1995) by its original director, Mr Julie Andrews (Blake Edwards) with music Henry Mancini, lyrics Leslie Bricusse, additional music and lyrics by Frank Wildhorn.
It is pretty much the finest hour of everyone involved: some terrific slapstick courtesy of Mr Edwards, highly hummable tunes from Senor Mancini, clever, witty lyrics from Mr Bricusse, a stand-out comedy performance from Lesley Ann Warren and a joyful romp of a turn from Robert Preston with the air of someone who has finally been allowed to really let his hair down.
Sadly Mancini didn't live long enough to see the stage version and nor did the Whingers (see it, that is; sadly they did live long enough) which starred Julie then Liza (who took over when Julie's vocal problems started) then Raquel.
If this reworked version by director Thom Southerland has anything going for it it is its star Anna Francolini who steps into the enormous flats and heels of her starry predecessors with no little aplomb.
She's physically convincing as the penniless and starving soprano Victoria who falls in with an overly-camp impresario Toddy (Richard Dempsey) who we can only assume was born in Mincing Lane EC3. He convinces her she can pass herself off as Count Victor and become a female impersonator. So cross-cross-dressing then. It's Cage Aux Folles with knobs on but with one less knob.
Unfortunately V/V comes without that show's wit or musical elan, which is surprising given the talent behind the show. It almost, ahem, seems to bend over backwards to celebrate its gayness.
This was a preview (but only two nights before press night) so hopefully the foot-shooting, deliberately unimpressive magical act which lulls you into thinking the show has started has been dropped.
Hopefully, too, the sound balance has been sorted as we lost chunks of the lyrics to the large, thumping and excellent band (and what fantastic arrangements).
Francolini is terrific and has a good voice but her best vocal moment is a brief performance of "Cherry Ripe" at an audition during which she sounds uncannily like Andrews.
Jean Perkins makes her mark in a slew of cameo roles, though we should not be surprised, as we marked her out as "a new fave" on this very stage in They Came To A City.
There are some good songs including "Le Jazz Hot" of course but "Shady Dame" has been dropped and of the "written-for-the-stage-version" numbers only "Victor/Victoria" is at all catchy but like all the new songs remains something of a mystery because we were unable to hear the lyrics which was disappointing as (a) we were in the front row and (b) they're all miked.
The decision to cast Robert Preston's role with a much younger man is a bold, curious and unrewarding one, the production values are not high enough to support the club "spectacles" and the sound (as we may have mentioned) is atrocious.
But the harsh truth is that V/V the show is just not a patch on V/V the film and it never will be.
This entry was posted on Friday 2 November 2012 at 1:58 pm and is filed under West End Whingers.
Tags: Anna Francolini, Blake Edwards, entertainment, Frank Wildhorn, fringe, Henry Mancini, Jean Perkins, Julie Andrews, Leslie Bricusse, London, musical, review, Southwark Playhouse, theatre, Thom Southerland, Victor/Victoria
8 Responses to "Review – Victor/Victoria, Southwark Playhouse"
Friday 2 November 2012 at 2:08 pm
Well I liked it… waiting for my WOS review to be published!
Bob NW8 Says:
well, well, well, V/V the show was not a patch on V/V the film even many years ago when it was produced.
By the way, fact checking is not your forte, WEW, as La Liza did not take over from La Judy, she was just a substitute for two or three weeks in January 1997. I know as I was there, and it was a memorable night, and I enjoyed every second of it, but she was, how shall we put it, shhhhhhhhhhhhhh, very bad. Between her rehabs and hip replacements she was simply not what the role required, but it was great to see her, and no need to say that the audience loved every second of it and almost applauded from before she appeared on the stage till after she left the theatre.
Back to the show, it was not that good, as it did not have the energy of the movie and while I saw it with stellar cast including Tony Roberts, Michael Nouri, Rachel York,Greg Jbara etc, with quite impressive choreography by then young Rob Marshall (fact checking WEW), there was simply something missing.
Nevertheless, I am livid for I was not in London to see this production and I bet I would still have enjoyed it, even with all the sound problems. Hence, lucky you!
Julia Eccles Says:
Saturday 3 November 2012 at 9:35 am
i loved it too!
mijosh Says:
Saturday 3 November 2012 at 11:45 am
I hope you meant La Julie,Bob NW8
Sunday 4 November 2012 at 10:27 am
How very correct! Mea culpa!
David Clarke Says:
Monday 5 November 2012 at 11:41 am
Well i saw it on Thursday night and all the technical issues had been resolved and the show ran very smoothly !!
I must commend Thom Sutherland for his courage on directing a show which was excellent in content and individual performances.
His re-working makes this originally drab film worth seeing.
Review – Steel Pier, Union Theatre « West End Whingers Says:
Friday 9 November 2012 at 11:49 am
[…] Review – Victor/Victoria, Southwark Playhouse […]
Vera Kelly Says:
Thursday 22 November 2012 at 1:40 pm
I saw it last Monday night and had a wonderful time- came out floating- have come out of west end theatres feeling very flat!Show was very slick with no tecnical hicups and all the peformers were fantasic in their roles !! Well done Thom Sutherland and all the cast!


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Media Sector Review April 2019
Key Takeaways From The NAB
Investors were focused on the Federal Communications Commissioners' (FCC) comments at the National Association of Broadcaster's (NAB) convention in Las Vegas last week.
At our NAB investor meetings, Commissioner Michael O'Reilly and former Commissioner Harold Furchtgott-Roth, offered insights into the prospect of relaxation of media ownership rules. Both seemed sanguine about the prospect that the FCC will move to relax ownership rules for radio in the quadrennial media ownership review expected later this year, but pushed back on the prospect that there will be relaxation of ownership rules for television. Lifting the current ownership cap from 39% of total TV households for the television industry may take an act of Congress, with both Commissioners agreeing that there is no political will to push for it. Given that the courts recently ruled that the UHF discount rule may remain in place, (which was surprising to the Commissioners), the ownership cap would theoretically be 78% if all stations were UHF. The discount rule allows owners of UHF stations to count the households covered by 1⁄2. It was the interest of the FCC last year to do away with the UHF discount rule and to raise the ownership caps.
Now, the FCC is likely to keep the UHF discount rule. Nonetheless, the prospect that there will be no movement in ownership caps for TV will 1) likely throw some cold water on the pace of television consolidation, 2) make UHF stations more valuable, and 3) slightly tip the hand of negotiating power for retransmission fees back to the satellite and cable operators. The FCC offered some wiggle room in that companies may try to push the cap higher through acquisitions that put companies above the current cap. Such a move would be a protracted process given a left leaning Department of Justice that utilizes archaic media methodologies and almost certain court battle. The radio industry seems to be in a better position to benefit from the Quadrennial review. The FCC indicated that it plans to lift radio ownership rules, including in-market rules that would allow a company to own more FM stations in a market. In our view, investors should focus on television companies that are below the current caps that have the capacity to make acquisitions and enhance its competitive position, which include Entravision, Tegna, and E.W. Scripps. In radio, we would focus on companies that could benefit from in-market consolidation including Salem Media and Townsquare.
OUTLOOK - TRADITIONAL MEDIA
Deal activity propels stock valuations
Television stocks were on fire in the last quarter, up 18% versus the S&P 500 Index of up 13% in the comparable time frame. Interest by investors was fueled by better than expected political advertising and heightened M&A activity. Some of our closely followed companies significantly outperformed both the TV Index and the general stock market. The shares of Gray Television (GTN: Rated Outperform) jumped 65% and the shares of E.W. Scripps (SSP: Rated Outperform) and Tegna (TGNA: Rated Outperform) soared more than 50% from lows in December 2018. All of the companies were involved in announced acquisitions or station sales late in the quarter. The groundswell of interest, we believe, was set earlier in the quarter with the sale of Cox Media's broadcast stations for a deal valued at a hefty $3 billion. The transaction of 13 television stations was estimated to be at a strong 11 times cash flow, well above public market valuations of roughly 8.4 times blended 2019/2020 cash flow estimates.
While the transaction at 11 times cash flow was supportive of public market valuations, we caution investors that the multiple is likely not the new benchmark for private television transactions. Financial buyers typically "pay up" to establish a position in the industry, but then pay more "normalized" multiples to build out the TV platform. So, what is in store for the TV stocks for the rest of the year? Without the prospect of the FCC lifting ownership restriction, we believe that the M&A market will ease somewhat, even though we believe it will remain elevated. In this environment, investors likely will focus on the current fundamentals, with an eye toward the upcoming 2020 political season. Based on the updates we received at the NAB, we believe that advertising trends are somewhat tepid. Auto advertising seems to be holding together despite the likely lower unit volume sales this year. Television companies that focus on used cars, which is an area of focus for dealerships, are likely to fair better in this important category. In our view, it will be a long summer and investors are encouraged to be opportunistic in adding or building positions in the sector. Our current favorite for the upcoming quarter is Entravision (EVC: Rated Outperform).
Is it a multiple problem?
Radio stocks under performed in the last quarter, not getting a strong first quarter bounce like other mediums. Radio stocks were essentially flat, up 0.5% versus the general market that was up 13%. The underwhelming performance of the industry masked the stand outs in the quarter. The shares of Townsquare (TSQ: Rated Outperform) increased over 40% from its lows on December 31, 2018, a reflection of the company's above average revenue performance in 2018. Even more remarkable, the shares of Cumulus Media (CMLS: Rated Outperform) increased a significant 70% in the comparable time frame, a reflection of the company's recently announced asset sales and aggressive debt pare down. The disappointing performance for the radio stocks is despite the fact that many companies indicated improving revenue trends in the first quarter 2019. We pondered the problems with traction in radio stocks in a presentation at the NAB. The radio stocks trade in the middle of the pack in terms of cash flow multiples, an estimated 7.1 times 2019 estimates. Notably, the industry has struggled to reflect significant revenue growth, a modest 1% over the past 10 years.
In our view, the industry needs to drive improved revenue growth or it may suffer the prospect of a contraction in multiples more in line with the publishing stocks, currently roughly 5.1 times 2019 cash flow estimates. What is notable about the prospect of a contraction in the enterprise to cash flow multiples? Many companies in the radio industry given the enhanced debt levels from acquisitions on average have debt to cash flow of 5.0 times, with most of the the companies trading at roughly 6.5-7.5 times. This implies that a contraction in cash flow valuations would imply very little equity value for the industry. As such, it is not a surprise that most managements are highly focused on reducing debt levels, and, at the same time, on enhancing revenues through digital, programmatic, data, and attribution strategies. We are encouraged that many radio managements indicated that revenue trends appear to be improving into the second quarter, with one management team indicating that pacings were up as much as 4%. We believe that the radio stocks should show improved performance in the second half 2019 as investors focus on improving revenue trends in 2020, bolstered by political advertising.
Will investors look beyond takeover attempts?
Noble's publishing index outperformed the general market, as well as all advertising driven mediums in the latest quarter, up a solid 21% versus a 13% gain for the S&P 500 Index. The stand out performance in the industry was driven by Lee Enterprise (LEE: Not Rated) and the New York Times (NYT: Not Rated), both up nearly 50%. Other publishing stocks have been buoyed by take over attempts, including the shares of Gannett (GCI: Rated Outperform), up roughly 21% for the quarter. Despite all of the noise regarding takeovers in the industry, there are some fundamental bright spots. Terry Jimenez, the CFO of Tribune Publishing, participated in the NAB investor meetings, providing his view of the publishing industry.
Notably, Mr. Jimenez indicated that advertising declines in the publishing industry should further moderate in 2019, a function of easing comparables with the year earlier advertising disruptions and strength in national print. While the print advertising business is likely in a perpetual state of decline, the company believes that in larger markets that it has some ability to impact the slope of the decline. Importantly, the company indicated that there is a far greater amount of a fragmented advertiser base. The company has already had the big hits from the likes of Macy's, Sears and others. While the company still has some big advertisers, most of those advertisers already restructured and are in a better financial position. National print advertising seems to be benefiting from mobile communications companies from E-Cigarette advertising, with some companies introducing in-home nicotine products. On the cost front, Mr. Jimenez indicated that there are further areas that the company can cut costs, especially fixed costs. Consequently, it appears no surprise that financial players may be hunting in the publishing group given the favorable cash flow dynamics. Now, it is a question whether investors will recognize the value of a publishing company. We believe that the publishing stocks will reflect the improving revenue trends in the industry and remain constructive on the industry.
OUTLOOK – INTERNET AND DIGITAL MEDIA
1Q 2019 – Regulatory Issues Take Center Stage
While FCC ownership rules were a focus of traditional media companies at the NAB meetings, regulatory issues weighed heavily on the internet sector as well. First, net neutrality reared its head again. In 2018, the FCC lifted its rules on net neutrality, but last week, the House passed a pro-net neutrality bill called the Save the Internet Act of 2019. The debate will now move to the Senate, where the bill is unlikely to pass. Second, Senator Mark Warner (D-Va) rolled out the first of a series of bills aimed at regulating Facebook and other social media companies. The bill would ban online platforms with over 100M monthly active users from using "dark patterns", which refers to interfaces designed to coax users into taking actions that often results in giving up more information than the user realizes. The legislation, known as the Deceptive Experiences To Online Users Reduction (DETOUR) Act, would also create a regulator within the Federal Trade Commission that would enforce best practices as platforms evolve to protect users' interests. The bill is one of several that are expected to address social media practices in the wake of data breaches, privacy scandals, and the dissemination of harmful content ("hate speech").
This new legislation was announced on the same day that Social Reality (NADSAQ: SRAX) announced that it had 11 million registered users for its Big Token app, which allows consumers to own and earn from their own data. SRAX had announced its earnings the prior week and noted that it had half a million users. Within days the service went viral and within a week, another 10.5M users signed up for the service, validating the company's contention that consumers value their privacy and are seeking tools to own their own data and to be compensated for it. The app also enables Big Token consumers to delete data and opt out of data sales. SRAX's Big Token initiative is GDPR compliant and the company will begin monetizing its scalable audience in 2Q 2019.
Sector Performance: All four of Noble's internet and digital media sectors outperformed the S&P 500 in the first quarter of 2019. While the S&P 500 was up 13%, Noble's ad tech, social media, marketing tech, and digital media indices were up 45%, 28%, 20%, and 16% respectively.
Noble's digital media sector also outperformed the S&P 500, but by far less than the other sectors. All six stocks in the sector outperformed, led by Netflix (NFLX, +33%) and Spotify (SPOT, +22%). Netflix performed well based on strong 4Q results and 1Q guidance, driven by strong net additions despite announced price increases. However, at last week's Disney investor day, the company announced the launch of Disney+, a competitive OTT service to Netflix. Disney introduced the streaming media service at a $6.99 price point (considerably lower than Netflix's lowest price service of $8.99) and forecasted 60-90 million subscribers by year- end 2024. Disney's service will include over 7,500 TV episodes, 35+ original series/movies, and 500+ licensed movies from Disney classic animated films to Marvel, Pixar and Lucas Film (Star Wars) film libraries.
Advertising Technology
Following a rough 4Q 2018, ad tech stocks rebounded dramatically, with 10 of the 12 stocks in the sector posting share price gains, led by Telaria (TLRA, +132%), Sito Mobile (SITO, +102%), The Trade Desk (TTD, +71%), Social Reality (SRAX, +67%), Rubicon Project (RUBI, +63%) and Fluent (FLNT, +56%). Given that Noble's sector returns are market cap weighted, The Trade Desk had by far the biggest impact on the sector. As usual, TTD significantly outperformed expectations, with 4Q 2018 revenue and EBITDA results exceeding Street consensus estimates by 8% and 25% respectively. Telaria also significantly beat Street consensus estimates, with revenue and EBITDA beats of 25% and 400% ($4M vs. $0.8M in EBITDA) in 4Q 2018.
Noble's marketing technology sector finished the quarter up 20%, with 10 of the sector's 11 stocks up for the quarter. Performance leaders include LivePerson (LPSN, +54%), Cardlytics (CDLX, +53%), Survey Monkey (SVMK, +48%), and Yext (YEXT, +47%). As usual, beating Street consensus estimates was the driver of each of the sector's strongest performers.
While social media stocks outperformed the broader market again, for once, it wasn't solely due to Facebook. The real sector outperformer was Snap, Inc. (SNAP, +100%), which posted stronger than expected results, and allayed investor concerns over user growth, as daily active users (DAUs) were flat vs. the year ago period, when investors were concerned that DAUs would decline. While Facebook (FB, +27%) came under intense regulatory scrutiny, the company's business continued to exceed Street consensus expectations.