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Top 7 benefits digital BSS delivers, now and in 5G
by Anju Gulati | Jan 14, 2020
14th of January 2020
As evidenced in countries where it has launched, 5G brings massive innovation potential but is challenging to monetize if its only unique offering is ultrafast speed. Many operators are aware that 5G success depends on their digital Business Support Systems (BSS) and bringing innovation to their own business models. A recent study by TM Forum reveals that 72% of CSPs believe 5G revenue growth is completely dependent on transforming their BSS and OSS. However, digital transformation is beneficial even before 5G is rolled out: a robust BSS stack enables implementing and monetizing key 5G use cases, such as OTT partnerships and new business models, on previous-gen networks.
5G networks are anticipated to deliver a transformational customer experience with improved speed, connectivity, network coverage, interoperability, and more. And this will be further enhanced with omnichannel support, which offers a highly personalized, consistent, seamless, and holistic view of the complete customer journey. Enabling faster speeds and connectivity, rapid service creation and monetization, and differentiated partnership models for new revenue streams will be a necessity for operators. Those ready with 5G Core (5GC) architecture before the 5G market matures will have a competitive edge. It provides a high-level of orchestration and automation with the use of a modular 5G service-based architecture (SBA) required to meet future challenges and business needs. An effective digital BSS helps to fully monetize this transformation and derive maximum ROI.
How digital BSS unlocks 5G potential
With limited features and rigid architecture, legacy BSS cannot keep up with the evolving demands of customers as they embrace a digital lifestyle. With a digital BSS stack, operators can seize the benefits of 5G – a fact they are well aware of. According to this report , the global digital BSS market is expected to reach approximately USD 7,416 million by 2025, at a CAGR of roughly 15% between 2019 and 2025.
A digital BSS provides an elastic, modern, and convergent system in a virtualized network environment, giving CSPs an edge over competitors and enabling them to readily offer unique 5G services. An effective BSS transformation helps modernize fixed and wireless networks, as well as support CSPs to introduce differentiated services and automate business processes.
What should you look for in a digital BSS?
5G facilitates real-time rating, metering and charging for sophisticated digital services, along with monetization schemes such as QoS tiers, OTT billing and charging, partner settlements (B2B2X), and more – all of which is possible only with a flexible and agile BSS platform. Robust digital BSS architecture using the latest 5G standards is essential in this competitive and ever-evolving market – today and well into the future – to be able to support a dynamic environment and provide quick time-to-value in delivering new features and functions.
Top benefits operators enjoy with digital BSS
Modern digital BSS features help improve and monetize legacy as well as next-gen networks, driving the following benefits for operators:
1. Rapid and phased deployments
A truly modern digital BSS is modular, cloud-native and deployed virtually. For operators not wanting to undertake a complete digital transformation at one go, it's possible to implement in phases, so there is low risk involved in migration and fewer resources are required to launch it. Further, End of Life is less frequent, and the hardware is much easier to manage.
2. Accelerated monetization of use-cases
A 5G-ready digital BSS stack lets operators rapidly monetize the data network with innovative and personalized offerings, enhancing the digital experience for subscribers and improving customer loyalty. The elastic and convergent platform provides a network environment for CRM, convergent charging and billing, with REST APIs that offer the flexibility to quickly introduce a host of digital services with new billing models.
3. Centralized catalog management
With 5G, network slicing, and the surge of IoT and other data-intensive services like AI and VR, it will be challenging for CSPs to meet the demands to support new business models and use cases on the fly without expensive and lengthy backend code changes. A digital BSS stack with a centralized product catalog enables CSPs to swiftly respond to this network evolution. A common product repository and robust API framework allow CSPs, partners, and distributors to accelerate TTM for new products and services and improve revenue and customer engagement. With modern centralized catalogs, plans can be defined by many metrics such as volume, value, time, and quality of service. This core functionality helps ease teamwork and collaboration, manage offers efficiently, support multi-play offerings, and provide quick access to prebuilt use cases library.
4. Improved customer management
Customer relationship management covers all important aspects of the customer lifecycle, from registration and hierarchy to offering a 360-degree view to CSRs for subscribers as well as enterprise customers. With digital CRM, operators can implement automated workflows, streamline sales and support, and use chatbots and AI to reduce manual CSR workload. Additionally, it enables instant issue redressal and quick troubleshooting with web and mobile self-care including live chat options, lowering operational expenses and reducing churn.
5. Efficient revenue management
CSPs need real-time billing and policy control capabilities to seize and monetize opportunities that all-IP networks bring. Convergent charging facilitates automated rating and charging mechanisms. Further, revenue management solutions with reliable interconnect and billing for roaming help manage diverse partnerships, enabling CSPs to efficiently charge other operators for use of their voice, data, SMS, and other network infrastructure. A modern digital BSS with real-time APIs can also facilitate new 5G use cases like surge or congestion charging at times when the demand for digital services is high.
6. Enhanced partner management
A digital BSS stack with an integrated partner management platform helps improve operational agility by streamlining the partner lifecycle. It helps cultivate relationships with simplified onboarding, self-service, and support for a host of partner functions such as content, OTT, IoT, interconnect agreements, roaming, MVNO, and others. A partner management solution with open API integration works seamlessly with third-party systems.
7. Automated omnichannel support
Improving customer experience is not merely about providing better user interfaces on various devices, but also integrating the process across channels. Omnichannel support allows operators to provide a consistent, seamless, and highly personalized self-care experience through web, mobile and social media platforms, ensuring swift problem resolution while making customers feel more connected and valued. The most recent additions to this trend are WhatsApp-, AI- and NLP-powered chatbots for instant redressal of customer queries.
Telcos are already in the battle to build 5G networks and intend to offer improved quality of service to customers. And as they invest billions of dollars in 5G RAN, they must remember that an effective 5G strategy includes IT systems to generate ROI on that investment. Digital BSS has the great benefit of being modular so it can be rolled out in phases, mitigating the risks involved in a largescale migration of one's billing system. To maximize their chances of success, operators must modernize their infrastructure with a digital BSS transformation today.
CSP to DSP: A Journey of Transformation
How Partnerships Are the Key to 5G Success for Telcos
Alepo Mobile Money – A Next-Generation Mobile Financial Services Platform
How Digital BSS Can Be Turned into a Telecom Business Profit Generator
6 Ways to Monetize Free WiFi Using a Captive Portal
A 5G-ready digital BSS for rapid delivery, monetization, and management of digital services
How a Centralized Product Catalog Revolutionizes a Telco's BSS Offerings
Delivering Service Innovation with Convergent Billing and Charging
Mobile Wallets Are the Piggy Banks of the Future
Rani Shanmugam
Marketing Content Writer
Long story short, Rani writes about the workings of telecom networks. Short story long, she has a rich and diverse background as a developer, business analyst, and technical writer for broad-spectrum solutions across various industries, and is now focused on telecommunications marketing. She unwinds by painting with her toddler son and loves to whip up elaborate meals fit for a feast.
Telecom Niue sees widespread adoption of 4G following launch, Alepo and Blue Arcus partnership credited
by Anju Gulati | Jun 25, 2019
Main mobile service provider on the South Pacific island of Niue
In August last year, it launched 4G/LTE plans using Alepo's digital BSS platform
The project has given residents and tourists access to new services: 4G speeds, VoLTE calls, digitized bill payment
Already more than 50 percent of the Island has come on board
Tuesday, June 25, 2019, NIUE – Telecom Niue, the main mobile operator of the island of Niue, has seen significant revenue growth and widespread adoption after launching 4G using business support systems (BSS) from core network and mobile software solutions provider Alepo.
The 4G offers were announced in August 2018 as part of the government's plan to transform telecommunication on the South Pacific island. Residents and tourists now have access to 4G speeds, competitive pricing, and advanced data services including Voice over LTE (VoLTE). digital self-care, including online bill payment, has been added.
To achieve their goals, Telecom Niue employed a digital BSS from Alepo including a PCRF (Ro/Rx) for advanced monetization and control of data services, including prepaid billing.
"This was the fastest BSS migration we have ever done," said Derrick Gross, President of Alepo.
The digital transformation, along with the introduction of modern services and plans, has seen more than half of the Island's population adopt 4G within a few months of launch.
"Our goal was to modernize communication in Niue, and the swift growth we've seen is a testament to how much this project has been appreciated by our subscribers. We were already impressed when Alepo met our stringent deadline without hiccups. And we continue to appreciate the quality and flexibility of their solutions," said Brett Collier, 4G Rollout Manager, Telecom Niue.
"Our advanced CRM and charging features are particularly valuable for this deployment. Alepo's self-care and mobile application are highly flexible, enabling Telecom Niue to offer the best possible services catered to their customers' specific needs," said Vishal Mathur, VP Solution Integration, Alepo.
Alepo has partnered with Blue Arcus for the project.
"Having worked with Alepo on several LTE and WiFi projects since 2016, we have time and again seen their expertise in the deployment of 4G LTE solutions. Telecom Niue's latest offering is one of our many combined successes," said Naren Yanamadala, CEO of Blue Arcus.
The project is the third Alepo-Blue Arcus collaboration in the Pacific Islands, following successful deployment of policy, charging, and billing solutions for the Marshall Islands National Telecommunications Authority, and another with Tuvalu Telecommunications Corporation in Tuvalu.
About Telecom Niue
Telecom Niue Limited is a company incorporated in Niue and fully owned by the government of Niue. It was formed out of the business and operations of the Department of Post and Telecommunications.
As part of the government's corporatization of utilities in early 2016, Telecom Niue was registered as a private company. It is the sole provider of mobile and fixed telephone services in Niue and the main provider of internet services.
The company's mission is to ensure affordability, reliability, security, and high-quality telecommunication services anytime, anywhere.
For more information, please visit www.telecomniue.com
About Blue Arcus
Blue Arcus Technologies, Inc. is a California-based company that specializes in providing cost-effective mobile network solutions across the globe. The company also addresses telecommunications needs through its rural and remote community solutions, maritime and ferry solutions, tactical and emergency solutions, and mobile network solutions.
For more information, please visit www.bluearcus.com
Alepo Announces Major LTE Win to Provide Policy and Charging for BLU Telecommunications in Ghana
by Anju Gulati | Jul 15, 2014
Alepo Technologies, Inc. announced its partnership with BLU Telecommunications Limited (BLU) to launch new 4G LTE services in Ghana. Alepo will deploy a complete LTE solution for policy control, charging, and BSS / OSS.
Tuesday, July 15, 2014, Austin, TX — Alepo, a leading provider of network and IT software solutions for global communications service providers, announced today that it will provide policy and charging control for a new 4G LTE network at BLU Telecommunications in Ghana. Blu plans to launch LTE services – including data, voice, IPTV and Wi-Fi hotspots for residential and commercial customers – in the second half of 2014.
As part of the network launch, BLU will leverage Alepo's Service Enabler 9.0 (SE) – a complete, carrier-grade BSS / OSS framework that enables a smart customer experience as well as an efficient back office. Pre-integration of SE 9.0 with Alepo's policy and charging control nodes means that BLU will be able to readily deliver, manage, and monetize LTE services, upon launch and as those services and market demands evolve.
Initially, BLU will focus its LTE network on the delivery of data, Wi-Fi, content, and IPTV. Blu plans to later extend its offerings to include services such as IMS & VoLTE, assured of its future-proof solution from Alepo.
"It was vital that we choose a scalable and flexible solutions provider such as Alepo, experienced in multi-service, convergent charging and policy with a strong dedication to LTE," stated Ekow Thomson, COO at BLU.
Alepo will also provide a high-performance AAA infrastructure to support Wi-Fi hotspot services, and will integrate its platform with third-party vendors including Cisco and Huawei.
"We are excited to deliver such high value to our LTE service provider customers," stated Dan Stern, Vice President of Sales at Alepo. "With our proven dedication to launching innovative LTE services for service providers around the world, Alepo has significant insight into the immediate and long-term goals of LTE service providers. We continue to develop advanced software solutions that enable our customers to lead their markets with the delivery and monetization of new data services and capabilities."
About BLU
Blu Telecommunications Limited (BLU) is a Ghanaian owned premier telecommunications company utilizing the latest 4G technology to deliver ultra-fast broadband to consumers in Ghana. Blu has secured a 4G license from the National Communications Authority, the Regulator of Telecommunications in Ghana and will be launching its services in 2014, providing a wide range of telecommunications services including data, voice, WiFi hotspots and IPTv services to residential and business subscribers using an ultra-fast 4G LTE network. www.blu.com.gh
Alepo and IBW Announce Launch of 4G Networks
by Anju Gulati | Oct 27, 2011
Austin, TX, October 27, 2011 — Alepo and Latin American service provider IBW announced today the successful commercial launch of multiple 4G networks in Central America using Alepo's LTE-ready 4G Online Charging System. With it, IBW is able to offer prepaid data and voice services over WiMAX today and LTE in the future.
The investment in 4G technology represents a major step forward in the region and reinforces IBW's position as a market leader. By deploying a convergent charging and billing system that supports WiMAX and LTE, IBW can readily launch new services over LTE as they become available without replacing the existing core network, resulting in lower CapEx and faster time to market.
"In such a transitional period for emerging 4G technologies, it was crucial to implement a solution that can readily adapt to changes in technology, market conditions and regulations," said Paul Ives Choiseul, IBW CTO. "The flexibility of Alepo's Online Charging System reassures us of our investment, even as technologies evolve and our subscriber base grows."
IBW will utilize Alepo's flexible platform to offer a wide range of convergent 4G services to corporate and residential customers across Central America and has recently launched its consumer brand, Japi (http://www.soyjapi.com) in Costa Rica and El Salvador, with Guatemala to follow soon.
Alepo's 3GPP-compliant Online Charging System (OCS) is a convergent charging & billing system that handles the real-time rating, charging and balance management of all IP-based services. Part of Alepo's comprehensive Service Enabler platform, it incorporates business management applications such as revenue assurance and voucher management to create an end-to-end, carrier-grade solution. The flexible, future-ready solution can support multiple radio access technologies (RANs), facilitating the addition of LTE to IBW's existing WiMAX network or a complete migration to LTE in the future.
"With simultaneous deployments in multiple markets, IBW has proven to be an ambitious and forward-thinking market player," said Jonathan Garini, Alepo Vice President of Products. "Alepo was able to meet IBW's aggressive timetable and deliver a market-ready core solution that offers an immediate and continuous ROI."
About IBW
IBW, an emerging service provider across Central America, is positioning itself to provide high-quality commercial and residential services, including voice, data and video, over a licensed 802.16e WiMAX network. Today, the company has a presence in Nicaragua, Guatemala, Costa Rica and El Salvador and operates its 4G consumer services under the "Japi" brand.
Alepo's Digital BSS facilitates Tuvalu Telecommunications Corporation's next phase of modernization and convergence
Alepo secures place on AfricaCom Awards shortlist for 'putting customers first'
Zain Jordan improves customer experience with a major upgrade of Alepo's AAA


Flexisolutions is the agent for EverEdge in Guernsey and they have provided these great pictures of a job underway on the island.
The job required a tough yet flexible edging to create a large circle around a raised decking area. It was decided that EverEdge ProEdge, which is 2.5m long and 2.5mm thick would be ideal.
The contractor, F Watson, installed the edging in a perfect circle in what will be a very striking job when it is complete.
In total around 300m of ProEdge has been used in this job and both the contractor and the client have been delighted with the ease of installation and the appearance of the edging strips.


A few years ago, my father had a stroke. It took a chunk of his speech, a fair amount of his mobility, and his good hand.
He soon found himself in an assisted living facility.
When my father ended up in the facilities, I thought the ease-of-use for music, simple questions, and the like would be something he could use. All I had to do was plug it in, sync to WiFi, and have him run through the voice recognition.
He began stealing my music stream, and I'd see different questions he'd posed through the app. While his touchscreen phone was cumbersome to use with his stolen hand mobility, his voice still worked, and Alexa continued to give him some sense of empowerment.
The surprise hit of Alexa in this environment wasn't even this, however. The unexpected utility has been Drop-In.
The life of a person in his condition is rife with illness, from chest colds, pneumonia, and any other bug that inevitably finds its way into a community living facility. He's been hit hard with illness a number of times, in-bed, on oxygen, and quarantined once (thanks, Influenza-A).
Each time, his Alexa but a few feet from his bed, I could check in on him anytime I want. I can listen to him breathing, being able to offer this up to family hundreds of miles away on a conference call; there's nothing quite like it. The picture I've attached to this post are from the hospital; a bout of infection has him hooked to wires and tubes again. I can check in on him faster than a phone call, hear him breathing, call out to him even, and he can respond, no button presses or swipes needed.
I can't imagine the engineers from Amazon had this in mind when these features were created, but they've been incredibly helpful in this last tough year. Thanks, Amazon.


Four hours for a plague defense is so long that the next time Septus asks for help with one I am going to pretend to be AFK.
Part of the problem I have with plagues is that plagues are a personal goal that nevertheless can easily require a full-circle effort to accomplish. I mean, this is Septus' personal boneyard and 5 of us are sitting here for 4 hours to watch it? This is ridiculous.
Its possible I'm just missing a helpfile or something somewhere, but I can't seem to figure out what claiming an area actually does.
In addition, how is a claimed area made neutral again?
I'd like to know if there is any thought about the pros and cons of boneyards being able to be placed adjacent to cities. They aren't quite "on siege", since you can't hit people one room out anymore, but it does open up the threat of being summoned (or blasted) into guards, so it is the "smart" place to put them right now - which in a sense even further limits the number of boneyards that can realistically exist in the world, because it means that mechanically, there are just 6 "really good" boneyard rooms in the entire world (in theory, you could -maybe- use townes, too but I doubt it with the way towne guards are limited), and realistically, there are fewer than that (which I will get to in a second). I have been all about this being a very, very elite system from the get go, but less than 6 is a really small number. It it also going to highlight some of the political differences between orgs, and really, even circles, I bet. Some cities, at some points in their history (like present day Antioch, or Stavenn) will be perfectly on board with having a boneyard outside the gates. Kinsarmar? Or let's be honest... Ithaqua? They could surprise us, but I do think it would be a surprise. And this is all for a system that certainly does encourage a certain amount of circle involvement, but really does belong to an individual at the end of the day. So it becomes even more essential for the "I love PK" guy to cluster in the circle/orgs that are most "PK friendly" (PK friendly enough to allow a boneyard on the doorstep). So, I guess the question would be, is it better for boneyards to be adjacent (where the unwritten PK rules and mechanics allow trying for guard kills, which some people do enjoy as a "cat and mouse" game), or are boneyards going to be somewhere in the great wide open no man's land with no city defense factor in play?
TLDR: at the end of the day this is less about the pros and cons of (a grand total of 6 at most) boneyards being outside city gates, per se, than it is about how the relatively small number of people who are direct participants or supporting participants feel about them. For me, as a "supporting participant", it doesn't really matter too much which way this goes, but I do think it's worth at least looking at.
We were just having a conversation about this last night actually, and the prevailing opinion that placing the boneyard outside of gates was just a thing, but enemy congregation on top of them with rites, gravehands, and such up would be effectively "raiding", which extends the system right back into people that haven't opted in. I think that the boneyards are too immediately vulnerable and thus placing them outside of siege is the sensible move as they mechanically work right now, but that incentive is not a healthy thing.
Since they seem to be meant to be personal issue, it's increasingly difficult to think of a solution that would be sensible, but a (some?) plagues need multiple champions to bind it (them?), which really extends it out to at least a few champions in the same circle. The first thought that comes to mind is requiring participating in a kill of the owner or a same-circle champion in order to get a "pull" from the boneyard, but that would only give incentives to dogpile ganking, which isn't exactly fun generating behavior, or relies on every other champion in your circle to be able to hold their own against the other circle's best champions, which also would incentivize some really negative OOC behavior to other in-circle champions that just couldn't hack it. I don't have a bright idea or good solution for it, even though the system fascinates me and actually is making me want to get back into being a competent combatant.
I felt as though when the plague was summoned, not knowing what claiming an area meant and that it was on Demon's Pass, that I absolutely had to try and prevent it. This was a really good thing. Fear of a malus or some other very-bad-thing (tm) in the best bashing area in the game for money (as far as I know at least) did drive me to attempt to participate in the system however ineffectively, though that very desperation at potentially being punished by an opt-in system was not quite so "fun". That last bit might be better solved by having some kind of vague expectation of what it means if a champion claims an area rather than being completely in the dark. Having some kind of malus on the best hunting area(s) that makes them less optimal choices is by no means the end of the world either, especially since I'm pretty sure the underworld is excluded from the system and has decent if less optimal returns.
Just my thoughts and experiences so far relative to this system.
Well, Mathiu, what I see happening is more like "No way, one of our only/best PK-ers, we aren't okay with a boneyard outside the gates", and so, that guy goes "FINE"! It's yet another chance for already not particularly PK-friendly orgs to not get along with the few PK people they might have.
I don't think they are intended to be -just- a personal issue, although a lot of people do seem to be having a hard time swallowing their unique "personal, and yet, also by all means is way more awesome with additional participation" aspect.
Currently Redemption does not drop a bone. This needs to be fixed immediately.
Not even a please or thank you?
Redemption now drops bones, thanks Dec!
What does claiming an area do?
I think only the admin and maybe some testers know. I'm pretty curious, really.
Honestly, I'd just like to know if it does something. I don't mind trying to figure out what, but it'd be good not to invest time into experimenting if its mostly a flavour thing, which is cool too.
Maybe consider hiding the amount of bones in a boneyard. As it is currently it's pretty trivial to know when a plague will be coming up.
I like knowing how many bones are in a boneyard. Helps tracking progress.
Heh. Is anyone going to answer the dangling question of "so, uh, does this plague do something"? I am sort of half amused that it is still just sitting there (but the curiosity is also killing me). Can someone maybe... throw us a bone?
It IS pretty trivial, and that's how it should be, IMO. The point of making boneyards easier to find was to move away from the sort of hiding metagame involved. I definitely don't think it'd be appropriate to reintroduce an aspect of "nobody will know when are finally ready to summon this, so we can more easily do it in off-hours with nobody to contest" to the plague portion.
It's really just a flavor/ego thing. You get your name in PLAGUES until someone else bumps you. The idea was to have a fun, but completely optional, source of pvp. The plagues obviously impact everyone until killed, but they're also designed to not attack people who leave the plagues and plague minions alone. (They will attack you, or even be aggro if you hit one of them though, or participate in the plague process).
Honestly, I'd just like to know if it does something.
Depends which plague you summon, but as a generic answer - yes, yes it does.
I feel like you should at least get a QHONOR or something, especially if you can get bumped off the PLAGUES list.
Could we maybe restrict the areas where you can summon/bind a plague to places where shardfalls happen? That is, areas that don't have any particular affinity? More than anything, I really don't want an 'opt-in' conflict system sitting outside my organization. For that matter, put the same restriction on boneyards.
Getting people to participate in the Champion system is great, I support that. Making people feel like they have to participate is not so great.
Well, it puts you in the position of having to say "yes" or "no" to say, Eldreth (I know his boneyard is outside of Stavenn, but as an example), so you have to decide. I outlined this in my posts above, although I consider it more a problem of "some orgs will say yes, and some will say no, and there are only 6 spots next to guards". That's especially true over the long haul and as the political atmosphere in cities changes, but I think it always means there aren't enough 'really good' boneyard spots. For the orgs themselves, the boneyards are just going to be some guy like Eldreth taking advantage of the fact that there are guards, and you can't lose those guards anymore anyway. But some orgs are absolutely going to be fine saying "yes" to that, and some aren't, and that is going to tend to create even greater divisions in orgs that aren't particularly PK friendly, or are just sort of on the fence, and that's probably bad for the state of PK in general, because it is going to tend to play at least some role in exacerbating the already strong tendency of players to cluster where they feel most welcome, and then it becomes the "no one to fight" problem.
As for not being able to bind to an area that is adjacent to an org, I am absolutely 100% against that. That is almost certainly a "come at me bro" in the face of the org's Eldreths, but going by what Dec said, it shouldn't be anything more than that. It doesn't "damage" anything in a meaningful way. At worst, it could mean a small amount of wounded pride. And hey, free bashing (if you want, since nothing is even aggro by default).
EDIT: I can hit the disagree button too!
You're wrong. When someone is sitting outside my organization for four hours defending a plague or screwing around with a boneyard, it has nothing to do with pride. It's basically declaring that area a PK zone, one where people who don't want to participate will get caught up in it. And once again, it's meant to be an opt-in system; it is not a circle-wide conflict mechanic. I'm only asking for there to be some really simple restrictions to keep it from becoming one. There are a TON of conflict systems in this game already, and we fought hard to do away with the grief-tastic 'raiding' business. If you want to randomly sit outside a city and 'ring the doorbell', there's still that extremely obnoxious option, but let's be clear. It's obnoxious. Let's not push a perfectly fine system next to orgs so that it becomes yet another obnoxious raid-like.
And before you post another eight paragraphs defending the poor PKers, please give an actual reason how plagues/boneyards sitting outside cities and councils adds to the overall game, and then how restricting it hurts the overall game.
I am not keen on boneyards outside city gates either, if you would read my posts. I just have a slightly different rationale for why I think it's not a good idea for them to be outside city gates.
The plague itself is almost -never- going to be anywhere near your gates, even if it is in the area outside your city. Actually, it would probably just never be outside your gates period unless we got very, very unlucky. Also, a plague only happens when a guy like Septus or Eldreth manage to get 100 bones. Just how often do you think you are going to see a plague at all, much less absolutely -have- to deal with all of those "grief-tastic" PKers?
Also, let's get something straight. I came from a game where someone like me couldn't PK at all, because I would have been griefed into oblivion, just by virtue of not being nearly "gud" enough not to be. I would have been that cow being lowered into the velociraptor pen. I get what Imperian offers, believe me. Imperian does favor opt-in systems, and it also has an incredible amount of things that limit your "actual" losses in any given risk scenario, both of which are important to players who aren't going to always end up on top. And even this system, as it stands right now, fits that model already. But that is still not enough for you, and I admit, I find that awfully entitled.
Plagues are not hostile to anyone unless you hit them. If you hit one you have opted in. If you have not hit one, you are not opted in. Just being in the area where a plague has been summoned does not opt you in. It does not make the area a PK-FREE zone.
I'm okay with camping an area outside of a city. It's one of the very few ways for a player to thumb their nose at rival organizations and it's one of the very few ways left to make any sort of aggressive overtures towards another organization.
Raiding is useless and dead. Obelisks might as well be. There are very few ways as it is to take a swing at another org, and I don't think we need to remove another one. I mean, at this point, we're not even really enemy cities. We're more like rival sports teams, only fighting during major events and in the shardball arena.
We need more sources of potential organizational conflict, not less.
I can concede that it's not a PK zone in theory, sure. The issue is that things tend to get out of hand with certain individuals who are more about winning at any cost (I'm not pointing fingers here, they're on every side). And I'm overall wary of those individuals having such a conflict system so close to my organization.
On the other end, I also recently tried to help in one of these boneyard things outside a city. It was terrible, because if you're unfortunate enough not to have two people blocking, you're going to die. I don't think there's anything stopping the same people who plant a boneyard outside the gates from leading their plague to right outside their own gates.
If people are doing silly things with the plague/boneyard systems because there aren't enough good spots or it's so hard to defend, then maybe the system needs to be adjusted.
And sure, let there be organizational conflict of some kind? But this as it currently is shouldn't be it.
Even if someone did summon a "friendly" plague and tried to leave it adjacent to their own gates, it wouldn't really matter. If you aren't down for that, you can just wait a little bit, because they won't be able to keep it there long term. Even then, it only really matters to people who raid or skirmish outside a city, which you consider "grief-tastic" anyway. Except when you are doing it, but then it is still "terrible" because you died to guards once.
What admin seems to have had in mind is, for four hours people on Team Yay! Plague are (probably) going to defend the plague from attack, so... if you attack it. To be fair, people on Team Grr... Plague will almost certainly want to eventually go kill the plague, even if they couldn't or wouldn't in the initial 4 hour window - especially if it is in an area that matters to them, like outside their city (although I bet there might be some situations where it could be fun to leave it).
Luckily, the system seems to also be designed so that you can do that pretty easily after all of the horrible griefers have collapsed in exhaustion, and the whole end result is that the plague guy got a little plague plaque that says "Septus'ssss Plague Waz here".
To be honest I don't really mind the boneyards outside city gates. Personally I do this because it definitely makes it easier to defend, but it mostly comes down to sheer response time. I've had no trouble stealing from everyone else who does it, even with heavy resistance. Its pretty easy to account for these days with the number of forced movement lockdowns and such. At the end of the day though, I feel like this is one of those things where its better just to handle it on a city wide level; just noting that please build your boneyards somewhere else so these jerks stop cluttering up the front lawn is probably the all around best way, assuming that the primary concern being that boneyards are attracting undue amounts of conflict around city borders. Personally I wouldn't be sad to see it go, but then I also think making it harder to defend boneyards than it already is probably won't get more people building, which could be sad.
I like the being able to claim outside cities, because I think it gives a tangible motivation for people to become invested in summoning plagues. I'd be pretty surprised if someone didn't put their foot down and contest Ravana for instance, given its geographical significance. That said, its not a case of absolutely needing to, because at the end of the day its an entirely intangible benefit. All it really adds is bragging rights, which while awesome (let's be real, they're what really matter), don't really impart a sense of great urgency to counteract like say, a permanent stat debuff or the like would. I think that's a good thing. It let's people work up over time to take back what is there's without making people feel like its some crazy obligation that they're going to start bleeding citizens over, etc, and doesn't turn it into a system you really can't afford to lose at every so often.
Caelya does not want to have to publicly say "no, I don't want a boneyard outside Khandava gates" (because cities absolutely can do that). Kinsaramar or Ithaqua would likely just say "hell no" and be done with it (unless Juran worked some magic, maybe), but this is a bit different. It is more like "we don't want to lose face (and very possibly annoy one of our better PK-ers) by coming straight out and saying 'no boneyard', so pls just make it so we don't have to by making it so boneyards can't be next to cities" - or we wouldn't be discussing that part at all. There is also a real potential political issue if an org is sort of evenly split between people who absolutely hate the idea, and people who are pretty okay with it - which actually could be at least part of the issue for Khandava (but I definitely think there is an unwillingness to lose any face, too).
Either way, there seem to be exactly 3 boneyard friendly spots (at the moment). I do think that dealing with guards and such is exactly the sort of thing that generally appeals to the people who are most invested in the system (the Septuses, the Eldreths, the Iluvs), but only 3 orgs are friendly enough ("enough" because Celidon suprised me) to permit boneyards outside their gates right now, which seems super limited, and of course, mechanically, people can "build anywhere", but hrm. I actually don't know what the answer should be.
I have no problem telling people 'no,' but I don't have to because my people realized it was a dumb idea to build boneyards outside Khandava back when siege still shot outwards. You know, after the initial awfulness. Instead, they do it outside Stavenn, or something. I honestly don't see how anyone would be upset about being told that, either. It's convenient to set up outside your org, sure, but it's also pretty transparently lame.
My entire issue, which I did state from the get-go, is that I feel that the Champion system is meant to be a personal conflict generator. It requires you to become one to get the benefits of the exp bonuses and it opens you up to being killed by anyone else. The plague system is turning that on its head by still requiring you to be part of this personal conflict generator system, but then allowing you to set up shop outside an organization, POTENTIALLY (and pretty likely, but not certainly) turning it into an organizational conflict thing. I get how this appeals to people, but I disagree with this particular system being the outlet for that.
As far as using it to thumb your nose at an org or to rile people up for further conflict, let Champions who claim an area write a certain number of messages in the area that don't clear until they change it, or the area gets claimed by someone else, or an admin deems the message inappropriate. This suggestion is made, obviously, with the understanding that the areas just outside organizations would be off-limits. That way, you can still get your digs in at whoever and pull in people easily-offended or whatever, but it's also not on anyone's front porch.
Ultimately, though, the system is going to be what it's going to be, and we'll deal with it. I just voiced my opinion and made suggestions, not to cripple any particular group's fun, but in an effort to improve the overall game.
Also, going straight to opening your posts with "You're wrong" when someone responds to your initial post with something other than "great idea, Caelya! Let's get that put in immediately" is always a good way to have a civil discussion about pretty much anything. If they don't respond well to that you should maybe try saying something like 'Try to remember the old adage, 'To assume makes an **** out of you and me.' to smooth things over.
The good news is that now you have publicly said you don't want boneyards in front of your organization and so you can stop worrying about boneyards outside your front gate - because you are one of the few people who can make a decision like that and solve the problem before it even exists! And I bet those horrible griefers probably won't try to park a plague there either (because they know that they can die to guards too and it is 'terrible').


text:
Q: How to scroll to top before going to a different page, when a user clicks a link? I'm trying to create smooth page transitions on my website, so that a user doesn't feel the "page load" when he/she clicks a link to a different page. Two examples of what I want are minimalissimo.com and defringe.com. When you click a link to a different article on any page of these sites, the page animates a scroll to top before the next page starts loading.
So far I have the following code:
jQuery(document).ready(function($){

  $back_to_top = $('.link-to-article');

  $back_to_top.on('click', function(){
    $("html, body").animate({scrollTop:0},260);
  });

});

The above code doesn't work, no scroll occurs when you click a link with that class; however, if I use prevent default then the page does scroll to top but of course the next page doesn't open as the link is disabled with preventDefault.
Please let me know if you can help.
Thank you.

A: You are correct that you will need to use preventDefault, but you will also need to manually redirect once the animation is complete:
$back_to_top.on('click', function(){
   var href = $(this).attr('href');
   $(document.body).animate({scrollTop:0}, 260, function() {
      window.location.href = href;
   });
   return false;
});

A: jQuery(document).ready(function ($) {
    $back_to_top = $('.link-to-article');

    $back_to_top.on('click', function (e) {
        e.preventDefault();
        $this = $(this);
        $("html, body").animate({
            scrollTop: 0
        }, 260, function() {
            window.location.href = $this.attr('href');
        });
    });
}(jQuery));

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) investigates and prosecutes individuals and organizations suspected of prescription drug fraud, pharmacy fraud, and illegal drug offenses. If you are being investigated by the DEA, you need an experienced and effective legal defense team on your side.
Whether you are suspected of engaging in illegal drug trafficking or compound pharmacy fraud, facing an investigation by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) is an extremely serious matter. Without experienced legal representation, there is a strong chance that your investigation will lead to criminal charges – and with them the possibility of spending a significant amount of time in federal prison.
For pharmacies and healthcare providers, even if you don't face criminal charges, a civil enforcement action could mean crippling fines and penalties, plus other consequences that could effectively bring your business to an end. You need to protect yourself, and that starts with putting an experienced legal team on your side.
In enforcing the nation's drug laws, the DEA regularly coordinates with other federal authorities, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), and the elite Health Care Fraud Prevention & Enforcement Action Team (HEAT).
The more you know, the better able you will be to make smart decisions about protecting yourself during your DEA investigation. The federal drug laws and regulations are complicated, and you can easily find yourself in a situation where the DEA suspects you of having some level of involvement in a drug conspiracy or federal violation.
While you don't need (nor do you have the time) to educate yourself on the intricacies of the federal government's drug enforcement authority, you can – and should – learn about what you can do to protect yourself while being investigated by the DEA.
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When it comes to communicating directly with the DEA, you do not want to do so without legal representation. DEA investigators are highly trained specialists who know how to solicit the information they need in order to help prosecutors press charges and secure convictions at trial. If the DEA comes knocking at your door, it is crucial that you exercise your right to seek legal advice and representation.
Not only should you avoid communicating with DEA agents in the absence of your attorneys, but you should also avoid discussing the investigation with anyone else while it remains pending. Remember, DEA agents are trained to extract the information that they need to perform their duties, and they regularly make contact with friends, family members, neighbors, co-workers, and business partners to find out if they have received information that is pertinent to the investigation.
Many people are surprised to learn that they don't have to share information with the DEA just because an agent asks for it. While there are ways that the DEA can compel you to disclose information (subject to the exercise of your Constitutional rights), far too often, targets of DEA investigations voluntarily share information that they are well within their rights to withhold.
However, if you receive a subpoena, you need to make sure that you respond appropriately. Improperly withholding information, falsifying records, or attempting to mislead DEA investigators can have drastic implications for the outcome of your case.
In order to avoid these mistakes, the best thing that you can do is to seek experienced legal representation right away. Don't wait until you are in a tough situation, and certainly don't wait until the federal government files civil or criminal charges. The longer you wait to build your defense, the more of a head start the DEA will have in seeking to impose financial penalties and/or put you behind bars.
Government Experience. Do the firm's attorneys have experience inside the government? In order to establish contact, open a dialogue, and anticipate the DEA's next move, your attorneys should have significant prior experience representing the federal government.
Subject-Matter Knowledge. To build the strongest possible defense, you don't just want a team of experienced defense attorneys. What you really want is a team of attorneys who are experienced in successfully defending clients in DEA investigations. When you need to take action immediately, you can't afford to waste time while your legal team gets up to speed on the issues involved in your case.
A Team Approach. Building and executing a comprehensive defense strategy requires the knowledge, effort, and insights of a team of experienced attorneys. At Oberheiden, P.C., we combine our attorneys' resources in order to put the full weight of our firms' experience on each client's side.
Open to Answering Your Questions. When you meet with an attorney (or team of attorneys) about your DEA investigation, you should be able to expect real answers to your most pressing questions. What is the firm's success rate in avoiding criminal charges? What should you be doing to aid in your defense? What can you reasonably expect in terms of the outcome of the DEA's investigation? If an attorney cannot answer these questions to your satisfaction, you should consider looking elsewhere for trustworthy legal representation.
Free Case Evaluation. Does the firm offer free case evaluations? Some firms charge consultation fees in order to try to "lock in" new clients. At Oberheiden, P.C., we believe that you should be able to make an informed decision about your legal representation without the added pressure of having already spent hundreds of dollars to find out if a firm is right for you.
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text:
David Stöhr
Born 1987 in Siegen. Studied Psychology in Vienna, after finishing his diploma he studied directing at the Max Reinhardt Seminar. His production »Lulu« by Frank Wedekind was shown at Theater in der Josefstadt, Landestheater Niederösterreich and won the Grand Prix for the best production at the Theatre Festival iTSelF in Warsaw. His production »Glaube Liebe Hoffnung« by Ödön von Horváth was shown 2016 at the Theatertreffen der Schauspielschulen in Bern. In 2015 he worked as assistant director in Martin Kušejs »Faust« by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe at the Residenztheater. Since 2016/17, he works as assistant director for Thomas Ostermeier at the Schaubühne.
Co-Direction at History of Violence by Édouard Louis, Direction: Thomas Ostermeier (2018)
März after the novel by Heinar Kipphardt, Direction: David Stöhr (2019)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Imaginacion De Un Pez / Imagination Of A Fish is a painting by Christine Bonnie Ghattas which was uploaded on January 20th, 2013.
This piece was inspired by a weekend trip to the Pacific coast during the time I was living in Chile. The pace by the sea is much more relaxed than in the city, and everything seems brighter and more colorful... and as I rode the bus back home to Santiago, I came up with the idea for "Imaginaci�n de un Pez."
There are no comments for Imaginacion De Un Pez / Imagination Of A Fish. Click here to post the first comment.


Some 10,000 refugees from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) who have been living in the Central African Republic (CAR) are due to be repatriated following the signing of an agreement between the two countries and the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).
The refugee agency reported on Tuesday that the agreement, which was signed on 26 August in the DRC capital, Kinshasa, provides a legal framework for the voluntary repatriation of the refugees. They fled the DRC's northwestern province of Equateur during fighting between 1998 and 2002.
Some of the refugees have been living in the CAR capital, Bangui; others are in a settlement at Molangue, 80 km to the southwest of the city. A UNHCR spokesperson, Rupert Colville, said the refugees had been urging the agency to assist them to return home.
UNHCR teams conducted several assessment missions to evaluate the conditions for return in Equateur Province, and mapped out two routes that convoys will take the repatriated refugees. One route will go from Bangui to the border town of Zongo. The other route will take refugees 200 km into the DRC, to the towns of Batanga, Libenga and Gemena.
The agency said the convoys are expected to begin before the end of 2004.


This course takes you through the history of Biblical Hebrew as it evolved throughout the ages and introduces you to language registers and ancient literature, like the Dead Sea Scrolls.
Welcome to Course E! In this unit we introduce the basic concepts that will direct our discussions in this course. How does a "diachronic" description of the Hebrew language differ from the "synchronic" description that has guided our first four courses? What is "comparative Semitic linguistics," and how can this help us to better understand the Hebrew?
As our course will follow the timeline of the Hebrew language from early to late, we begin by discussing the consonants of the Proto-Semitic language that preceded biblical Hebrew. How did the 29 original Semitic consonants become the 23 that we see in the Hebrew of the biblical text? How does this affect our understanding of Hebrew vocabulary?
In this unit we continue our discussion of consonant shifts in Semitic languages and how this phenomenon affects the vocabulary of biblical Hebrew. What are the "emphatic" consonants? How many were there in Proto-Semitic, and how did they enter biblical Hebrew? These are the questions we will answer as we look through biblical vocabulary for examples.
consonants [ġ] and [h] and their relationship to the Hebrew gutturals. What are "uvular" consonants? How can the Greek of the Septuagint teach us more about how these consonants shifted in the Hebrew language?
In this unit we begin to turn our attention to the earliest stage of Hebrew that we see in the biblical text: Archaic Biblical Poetry. What are the three distinct stages of Hebrew that we see in the text, and how can we distinguish archaic poetry from the other two? What are some of the methodological problems with identifying these texts as archaic?
We continue our study of the ancient Hebrew seen in the "Song of the Sea" (Exodus 15:1-18). What additional signs of archaic language are apparent in this poem? What are some ways in which comparison to other Semitic languages can help us here?
Continuing our discussion of archaic poetry, we move to the Song of Deborah in Judges 5. What are some of the signs of early language we see in this text? We'll learn about an unusual verb form and examine some of the poetic structures used in this song.
In this unit, we expand our discussion of archaic poetry to include the larger question of different dialects in the biblical text. Did local dialects vary in different regions of ancient Israel, and how do we know? We will explore this issue of dialect by examining the relative pronouns used in archaic poetry and elsewhere.
Over the last four units, we have isolated specific linguistic phenomena in the Song of the Sea and the Song of Deborah to learn about the language of archaic poetry. What are some of the methodological problems with comparing this language to classical prose? What evidence about the linguistic history have we seen in the morphology, syntax, and vocabulary of these songs?
In this unit we turn our attention to the next stage of the Hebrew language: the "First Temple Period." What are the historical boundaries of this stage, and where does it appear in the biblical text? What was this language called by its speakers? After addressing these general questions, we will begin to discuss how the vocabulary of this period is distinct.
In this unit we continue our discussion of Hebrew in the First Temple Period by turning to the verbal system. After giving a brief overview of the verb forms we discussed in our previous courses, we will focus on the sequential verb forms Wayyiqtol and Weqatal. How are these forms used in similar ways in First Temple prose, and where do they differ?
chronological sequence, or does it also have other uses? We will then turn our attention to the unusual verb form ןוּל ְט ְק.Howִי ancient is this form, and does it have any special meaning in Biblical Hebrew?
The purpose of this unit is to summarize the distinguishing characteristics of the First Temple Period language that we have discussed. During what period of time was this stage of Hebrew written down? How do its vocabulary, syntax, and morphology set it apart from both archaic poetry and the language of the Second Temple Period?
Siloam Tunnel Inscription found in Jerusalem.
In this unit we continue our discussion of First Temple Period inscriptions by examining several ostraca found in the Judean town of Arad and the Israelite town of Samaria. In addition to offering us a more detailed glimpse into the daily life of biblical times, these inscriptions can help us to address the question of the different dialects of First Temple Period Hebrew.
Our discussion of ancient Hebrew inscriptions continues with an ostracon found in a town near the Judean coast. In this letter of complaint to a local official, we will again find both similarities to the biblical text and some interesting variants. What can our observations teach us about the cultural and linguistic reality of the First Temple Period?
discussed in the last three lessons. What in these inscriptions is similar to Biblical Hebrew, and how are they different? What can the differences teach us about the history of the Hebrew in the biblical text?
We now turn the focus of our discussion to the Second Temple Period. When did this period begin, and what biblical books does it include? Why is the Aramaic language so significant for understanding the development of Hebrew during this time?
In this unit we continue our discussion of Second Temple Period Hebrew by examining its unique linguistic characteristics, such as vocabulary from sources outside the Hebrew language (e.g. Persian and Aramaic). How can we determine when an Aramaic word is actually a late element in Hebrew and not simply a reflection of the shared heritage of these two languages?
In this unit we explore the later stages of the Second Temple Period by examining the Isaiah Scroll (1st c.
B.C.E.) discovered at Qumran. What are the signs that this scroll reflects the language of its time, while the Masoretic version preserves more closely the original text of Isaiah? What can these signs teach us about the development of Hebrew in this period?
A significant change in the use of the infinitive construct form occurred in the Second Temple Period. In this unit we will examine some of the different contexts in which this form appears. Which verb form(s) fulfilled these roles in First Temple Period literature?
As with the infinitive construct, so too the use of the infinitive absolute went through a significant development in the Second Temple Period. After reviewing the common uses of this form in the First Temple Period, we will see which verb form(s) it can replace in later Hebrew and in which contexts this exchange is likely to occur.
In this unit we will summarize what we have learned over the last few units about Hebrew in the Second Temple Period. What are some of the unique linguistic features that characterize the language of this period and distinguish it from earlier and later stages of Hebrew, both in its vocabulary and in its syntax?
In the final section of our course, we will examine the language of the later Second Temple Period, as reflected in the Dead Sea Scrolls. Where and when were these scrolls found, and why are they so significant for our understanding of Hebrew? What can the phonetic spelling in these scrolls teach us about the Hebrew language of this period?
In this unit we continue our discussion of the Dead Sea Scrolls by examining the vocabulary used in these texts. Most of the vocabulary is familiar to us from Biblical Hebrew, but we will see that it shares a special affinity with late Biblical Hebrew. What can be said about the vocabulary that does not appear in the biblical text? Do we know it from any other sources?
We turn back to the Hebrew verbal system in this unit, examining a verb form that is widely used in the Dead Sea Scrolls: the הָ לְָטְָקָ אָוform. Do we see this form in any stage of Biblical Hebrew? How can a comparison between the different stages of Biblical Hebrew, and even between Hebrew and the Moabite language, help us to trace the history of this verb form?
In this unit we will summarize what we have learned about the Hebrew of the Dead Sea Scrolls. How does this language relate to both Late Biblical Hebrew and Rabbinic Hebrew? How is it unique within itself? Understanding more about the language of these scrolls gives us a broader picture of the historical development of the Hebrew language.
In this final unit we pause to look back at how far we've come since Unit 1. We have discussed over 1,000 years of the historical development of the Hebrew language, from pre-biblical consonant shifts to Biblical Hebrew (archaic poetry, First Temple Period, and Second Temple Period) to the later language of the Dead Sea Scrolls. What characterizes each of these stages?


text:
Q: Using Orderby and meta_value to order natural/alphanumerical I added a custom column for a custom post type. Then I put it to be the 3th column, and now I want to sort it alphanumerical.
I use this action : add_action( 'pre_get_posts', 'manage_wp_posts_be_qe_pre_get_posts', 1 );
I write this fuction:
   function manage_wp_posts_be_qe_pre_get_posts( $query ) {
   if ( $query->is_main_query() && ( $orderby = $query->get( 'orderby' ) ) ) {
      switch( $orderby ) {
         case 'Rif':
            $query->set( 'meta_key', 'riferimento' );
            $query->set( 'orderby', 'meta_value meta_value_num');
            break;
      }

   }
}

but it doesn't works.
It returns me always :

But I want first CA3 CA5 and then CA10 ....
I tried also to cast with LENGTH() or similr things, but nothing to do..

A: The orderby argument is limited by what is possible in MySQL, and it's not good at natural alphanumeric sorting like you describe. Possible options include:

*

*Rewriting the values with leading zeros, e.g. "CA05"

*Creating a separate "Sort Order" column that just stores an integer, and ordering by that.

*Separating the letters and numbers into two separate fields. Then writing a more complex query to sort by two different meta values:
$query->set( 'meta_query', array(
    'relation' => 'AND',
    'letter_clause' => array(
        'key' => 'letter',
    ),
    'number_clause' => array(
        'key' => 'number',
        'type' => 'NUMERIC'
    )
);
$query->set( 'orderby', array(
    'letter_clause' => 'ASC',
    'number_clause' => 'ASC'
);

More info on that syntax here: https://www.billerickson.net/wp-query-sort-by-meta/


High-quality polyester fiber pre-filter (with minimal pressure loss and 85% arrestant on the A.F.I. test) for trapping larger particles and increasing the life of the main HEPA filter.
Built in anti-glare fluorescent lamp minimizes shadows and relieves eye strain.
Large capacity blower and easy blower speed adjustment by the control panel.
Interlocking safety door system shuts off UV light automatically when opening the door.
UV-blocking door and side panels made of transparent acrylic resin provides clear inside view.
UV over-exposure alarm and over-current protection.
※ Permissible environmental conditions: temperature (20 to 25℃) and relative humidity (up to 60%).
※ Above listed applications are for general purpose use.


text:
Kentucky Personal Injury Attorneys
Dollarhide And Super-America Settle
PAINTSVILLE—Charles Dollarhide, a 28-year-old resident of Van Lear, says he was getting "more and more nervous" about his after-midnight job at Super-America convenience store on Star Fire Hill because he was alone and vulnerable and that sometimes people would come into the store and, in his opinion, "just look around as if they were casing the place." He says he reported his feelings and suspicions to his bosses and requested that an additional person work with him at night "but got turned down," he said. Dollarhide says that he became very suspicious of one particular person who often came into the store "around two in the morning" and says "I knew that he intended to rob the place."
Fearing for his safety, Dollarhide, carried a pistol to work with him on the night of October 18 last year and, he says, "it sure is a good thing I did so. If I hadn't I wouldn't be here to talk to you about it."
According to a lawsuit filed for Dollarhide by local lawyer, John Kirk, Dollarhide was behind the counter placing items on a shelf when he turned around to see a gunman "pointing his pistol right at my head." Fearing he would be shot, he says he fell to the floor and rolled while getting his own gun, a .32, from his pocket. Dollarhide says that the gunman—later identified as Burl Blankenship from Auxier—fired several shots at him, but missed. Although Blankenship missed, Dollarhide did not. "I hit him two times in the head," Dollarhide said. Blankenship was later taken to a hospital in critical condition. After an investigation, no criminal charges were filed against Dollarhide. "It was self-defense," he said, "and all the cops and everyone else said so." Fifteen months later, Blankenship remains alive but disabled.
"Having stopped an armed robbery and prevented a probable murder to boot, some might suspect that Charles Dollarhide would have become a hero, at least to his employer," Kirk said.
Not so.
"Because I violated a company policy, I was fired," Dollarhide said. He also said that he has been unable to get unemployment benefits and "now that I have a 'bad record' nobody else will hire me."
Several months after he was fired, Dollarhide filed a $5 million lawsuit against Super-America and its parent company, Ashland Oil, claiming, in essence, that the company placed him in "an unsafe work environment" and that the company's policy of "denying someone placed in an unsafe work environment the right to carry protection was an unreasonable restraint of his Fourth Amendment rights to bear a weapon."
There had been a considerable amount of "street buzz" about the upcoming trial and, according to one Paintsville lawyer this writer talked with, "all the local lawyers were going to watch this trial. John is a lawyer that people like to watch try cases," he said, "and this one seemed especially interesting. I wished it had been tried. I would have liked to see what the jury would have done."
The parties reached settlement two days before trial for an undisclosed amount. The lawyer—who did not wish to be named—told me that he did not know the amount of settlement but that "the word" was that "the case settled for half of what John sued for." The suit demanded $5 million.
John Kirk, Charles Dollarhide's attorney, confirmed that the case had been settled but would not reveal the terms of the settlement. "I can only say that the case is settled and that it is over. For privacy and confidentiality reasons I cannot tell you the amounts agreed to. I can say, though, that justice has been done."
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Pikeville, KY 41501
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888 U.S. 23 Bus
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text:
Oxygen Insider Exclusive!
Create a free profile to get unlimited access to exclusive videos, breaking news, sweepstakes, and more!
December 18, 2022, 6:00 PM ET
'This Is Your Lucky Day,' Shooter Says Before Murdering A Man In Front Of His Girlfriend
Donna Arroyo convinced her boyfriend and his brother that her ex-husband had put a hit out on her new man.
By Benjamin H. Smith
Who Was the Mastermind in Frank Arroyo's Murder?
Frank Arroyo's Daughter Reveals He Knew Death Was Coming
Investigators Look Back on the Frank Arroyo Case
Frank Arroyo was a family man whose children meant everything to him. But he was cut down in the prime of his life by the brother of his ex-wife's boyfriend over a custody dispute.
Francisco Arroyo Jr. was born in Puerto Rico in 1948 and moved with his family to Queens, New York, when he was 3 years old.
"He was just awesome. He was always making you laugh, always cracking a joke," daughter Amy Salafia told "Snapped," airing Sundays at 6/5c on Oxygen.
After graduating high school, Frank joined the United States Army. Upon completing his military service, he worked as a maintenance man and building superintendent. When he was 23, Frank married a single mother named Gladys, who grew up in the same apartment building he did. They would raise five children together.
"My dad loved going camping, hiking, going to the beach," daughter Christine Bardong told "Snapped."
But through his building's management company, Frank soon met another woman: Donna Marie Salerno. She was 11 years his junior. What started as flirtation became a relationship. By 1982, he had left Gladys and married Donna.
"He was unfortunately so madly in love with Donna and taken by her for some reason. She tore our family apart," said Amy.
Frank and Donna relocated to Florida where they had two children and started a successful real estate business flipping houses. But in 1996, that business landed them in legal trouble. Illegal real estate ventures resulted in their extradition to Puerto Rico for arrest.
"Frank and his wife, Donna, had been involved in some sort of scam in Puerto Rico in regards to some phony mortgages," former New York State Police Investigator James Horton explained to "Snapped."
Frank spent seven months in a Puerto Rican prison as a result. His marriage suffered while he was incarcerated and soon after his release, he and Donna separated. Frank then moved to Middleburgh, New York, with the couple's 12-year-old daughter while Donna stayed in Florida with their 4-year-old son.
Back in the Empire State, Frank reconnected with his children and began dating a woman named Nicole. Donna remained in Florida, living on a 40-foot yacht with her new boyfriend, Cary Wayne McKinley, age 28.
Frank Arroyo
But then, late on the night of May 12, 1997, a woman called 911 in Middleburgh. She said Nicole had showed up at her front door claiming Frank had been murdered.
"She said someone walked in the room, pulled a handgun out, shot Frank, turned around, and walked out," former New York State Police Investigator Jack Murray told "Snapped."
Investigators found Frank lying in bed, dead from a flurry of gunshot wounds. Besides .40-caliber bullet casings on the floor, there was little evidence.
"There was no evidence of a struggle, there was no evidence of a robbery or burglary. This was a straight-out shooting and that was it," former prosecutor Diane Lavallee told "Snapped."
Nicole said Frank was on the phone with his mother when an intruder, a shorter man, entered the bedroom.
"The shooter said, 'This is your lucky day,' at which point she thought this was a joke, and I guess Frank did as well. Then she heard metal, which was the shooter pulling back the slide on the automatic and the chamber in the round and fired off four shots. All of them hit Frank," said Horton.
Neither Nicole nor Frank's daughter saw the shooter's face.
Investigators spoke with Donna, who claimed she was hours away visiting at her mother's Yonkers home at the time of her ex-husband's murder. Her mother corroborated her alibi.
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When asked who might have killed Frank, Donna suggested it was victims of his real estate scams back home.
"During that he had made off with some significant money and she believed it was a Puerto Rican hit squad that came up to kill Frank over the money that he owed them," said Murray.
That line of investigation soon hit a dead end.
Then, neighbor John Giakoumakis told investigators that on the morning of the murder, he witnessed Frank and Donna arguing over the custody of their daughter.
"[Frank] was intending to move to Long Island with their 13-year-old daughter and it became evident quite early on that Donna was very unhappy about that," said Lavallee.
Watch More 'Snapped' Episodes In Our Free App
Giakoumakis later called Donna out of concern. She told him Frank was "going to pay," and in the background he overheard a male voice say he was going to "blow his [expletive] brains out," according to Oneonta's Daily Star newspaper.
Frank's family told investigators that Donna had cheated on her husband numerous times and that he felt threatened by her.
"She wasn't a good person. She was cheating on him forever. She was bringing guys around in front of his face. She had him under her spell," said Amy. "He told me he thought Donna was going to kill him."
The day after Frank's murder, investigators spoke again with Donna at her mother's home in Yonkers. When confronted with the allegations against her, she claimed Frank had threatened her boyfriend and that she hired two men to rough him up.
"She said, 'I didn't tell them to shoot him, I told them to just go up and beat him up a little bit,'" said Murray.
Following her statement to police, Donna Arroyo was arrested and charged with felony second-degree criminal facilitation, according to The Daily Star. Donna refused to tell investigators the names of the men she claimed to have hired to assault her husband.
A Florida attorney later contacted authorities and claimed his client would tell them who killed Frank in exchange for immunity. The witness' name was Steve Hannam, and he was a co-worker of Donna's boyfriend, Cary McKinley. When McKinley said he was going to see his girlfriend in New York, Hannam offered to drive, never having been to the city before.
On their way out of town, McKinley told Hannam they were also bringing his half-brother, Daniel Edwards, 26. Donna called McKinley repeatedly during the drive up, telling him about her fight with Frank. The three men arrived in New York on the evening of May 12 and got a hotel room 40 minutes from Middleburgh. Donna arrived shortly thereafter and discussed doing something about Frank with McKinley and Edwards.
Hannam offered to drive them to Middleburgh but told investigators the discussion went from intimidation to murder.
"That's when the guns came out …[Hannam] said that Cary had handed it to his half-brother. Daniel and Donna said, 'Now remember how I told you to do it. Shoot him in the head. I want him to make it look like a Puerto Rican hit,'" Horton told "Snapped."
After arriving at Frank's home, Edwards got out of the vehicle while the others drove around the block.
"Eventually, once they came around, Daniel was out front by this time and he got in the car and they asked him what happened and he said, 'It's all done. I took care of it,'" said Murray.
Afterward, Donna and Cary went back to her mother's home in Yonkers while Edwards and Hannam began the drive back to Florida. Edwards later threw the murder weapon in New York's Hudson River.
New York investigators traveled to Florida. When they arrested Edwards, he told them, "I was expecting you guys to show up," according to Horton. McKinley was also arrested.
McKinley told investigators he was in love with Donna and that she had told him her ex-husband was abusive and was going to abduct their daughter.
"She told Cary that Frank had ordered a hit — in other words, a contract on Cary's life," said Horton.
McKinley admitted supplying the murder weapon and confirmed Hannam had no part in the murder.
In his interview with investigators, Edwards said "he wanted to watch his brother's back," according to Horton.
Like McKinley, he believed Donna's claims that Frank had taken a hit out on McKinley and that they had no other recourse than to kill him.
Daniel Edwards and Cary McKinley were subsequently charged with murder. Donna Arroyo's charges were upgraded to murder in the first degree.
Donna Arroyo and Daniel Edwards both pleaded guilty to murder and were sentenced to 25 years to life in prison, according to The Record newspaper in Troy, New York. They were released in the spring of 2022.
Cary McKinley was acquitted of the charges against him, according to The Record. He died in 2008.
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Small touches help make a children's park inclusive, Vishakhapatnam shows you how
Accessibility August 25, 2018
Just a small touches are needed to make a children's park or playground inclusive and accessible. In a welcome sign, there seems to be greater awareness about making parks accessible to all kids, with and without disabilities.
This week, Vishakhapatnam, opened the gates to a Park For Children With All Abilities on Beach Road this week. Its the first park of its kind in the city located in scenic surroundings, looking out to the Bay of Bengal.
The park has facilities for disabled children and was launched by Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu.
The park has been developed by the Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation (GVMC) and is a part of the Smart Cities Mission. Local authorities claim this is the first one in India to offer special facilities for people with disabilities.
From a vertical climbing net, horse rider, crawling tunnel, a shoulder builder, palm wheel, leg roller, and a merry-go-round, there are many things here that are specially easy to use and fun for kids with disabilities.
There are also raised pathways and a multi-purpose lawn. The various sensory needs of children with different kinds of abilities has been kept in mind.
So what goes into making a park accessible to all kids? Here are some things to consider.
Sand in the play area to stimulate the tactile or touch system in a child with autism.
A walkway with different types of materials for tactile stimulation.
Playground structures must have elements that offer passive and interactive movements. Like tyre swings so kids benefit from random and motivated motions.
Loose building materials so a child can create structures, like wooden blocks or plastic objects.
Quiet, partially covered corner so a child can retreat for some alone time.
Making a park inclusive is fairly easy, says Kavita Krishnamurthy, founder of Kilikili, an organization that works across many cities to make parks accessible to all children, with and without disabilities.
We have worked with existing commercial play equipment manufacturers and explained to them what we need. We have also designed our own play materials and constructed them out of tyres, bricks etc. A challenge has been to find people with levels of skill that can bring our vision to reality – Kavitha Krishnamurthy, Founder, Kilikili
Fortunately, that vision seems more evident, at least in our cities. Last year, four accessible parks for kids with disabilities were opened to the public in south Delhi, while in Chennai, civic authorities are building a park over a sprawling 15,000 square feet area in Santhome high road.
The Chennai park will have tactile feedback platforms, light and sound show, exhibits with Braille signboards, and wheelchair-friendly toilets. The park has been designed such that it is accessible for people with visual, hearing as well as physical impairments.
An attitudinal change that will hopefully be adopted across even more cities.
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text:
Nevada/
NV Supreme Ct./
STATE DIVISION OF CHILD AND FAMILY SERVICES DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES v. A.M.S., Real Party in Interest.
STATE DIVISION OF CHILD AND FAMILY SERVICES DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES v. A.M.S., Real Party in Interest. (2003)
Supreme Court of Nevada.
The STATE of Nevada DIVISION OF CHILD AND FAMILY SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES, Petitioner, v. THE EIGHTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT OF THE STATE OF NEVADA, In and For the COUNTY OF CLARK, and the Honorable Gerald W. Hardcastle, District Judge, Family Court Division, Respondents, A.M.S., Real Party in Interest.
No. 40269.
Decided: December 30, 2003
Before the Court En Banc. Brian Sandoval, Attorney General, and Brigid J. Duffy, Deputy Attorney General, Carson City, for Petitioner. Clark County Legal Services Program, Inc., and Stacy L. Sallerson, Las Vegas, for Real Party in Interest.
This original petition for a writ of mandamus or prohibition filed by the Division of Child and Family Services (DCFS) challenges a family court order granting the motion of A.M.S., a minor child, to compel the release of the names and addresses of A.M.S.'s siblings' adoptive and natural parents. A.M.S. wants to effect service on them as she pursues a petition to permit her to visit with her siblings. For the following reasons, we deny DCFS's petition.
In April 1998, A.M.S. and her three younger sisters became wards of the State of Nevada, and custody of all four was awarded to DCFS. Because their mother's drug addiction prevented her from fulfilling her maternal obligations, A.M.S., then nine, had assumed the role of mother to the three younger girls, then five years, four years and an infant. As a result, A.M.S. felt and continues to feel a strong bond with her siblings. Although the girls were initially placed in foster care together, they were subsequently placed into separate homes. The mother's parental rights were terminated in July 2000. In September 2000, during a permanency review hearing, the family court was advised that adoption was a viable option for two of the girls. The family court ordered that a visitation plan be established before final adoption and that the girls be given unlimited unsupervised visitation. The girls' adult caregivers, including DCFS, failed to comply with this order.
The youngest sister was adopted on November 13, 2001. Another sister was adopted the next day by a different family. The order granting sibling visitation was not incorporated into the adoption decrees. A third sister was reunited with her biological father on September 1, 2000, and remains with him. The state's wardship of the two adopted girls was terminated on November 26, 2001, and the wardship of the sister who was reunited with her biological father was terminated on July 10, 2001. A.M.S., now approximately thirteen years old, is the only child remaining a ward of the state.
In January 2002, the family court appointed Clark County Legal Services' Children's Advocacy Project (CAP) to address A.M.S.'s request for sibling visitation and to address her permanency planning. A.M.S., through her counsel, first tried to obtain the names and addresses of the adoptive and natural parents of her sisters from DCFS in order to reestablish communication. DCFS refused to disclose the information.
On August 13, 2002, the family court granted A.M.S.'s motion to compel the release of the addresses for the limited purpose of serving the siblings' legal guardians with a petition for sibling visitation. The motion requested that the information only be released to A.M.S.'s attorney, not to the child herself without the legal guardians' permission. The family court denied DCFS's motion to reconsider. DCFS now petitions this court for a writ of mandamus or prohibition to arrest the family court's order granting the motion to compel.
DCFS maintains that because the child never filed a petition for sibling visitation under NRS 125C.050(7) 1 before the termination of parental rights, her right to seek such visitation has expired. DCFS also contends that NRS 127.171 cuts off visitation rights by the adoptee's natural relatives if visitation was not previously granted under NRS 125C.050.
DCFS's argument is specious. First of all, the child is a minor and a ward of the state. DCFS has custody of her. If we were to concur with DCFS's argument, no minor sibling in DCFS's custody would ever be granted sibling visitation unless DCFS petitioned, on behalf of the siblings, for visitation before the termination of parental rights. DCFS, as the children's only voice, could, for its own reasons, which may be inconsistent with its statutory mandate, deny them the window of opportunity to maintain ties with their siblings by simply failing to act when the window is open, and then claiming that, since the children did not request visitation before parental rights were terminated, their opportunity to do so is foreclosed.2
Furthermore, DCFS ignores the fact that the family court determined that sibling visitation was in the children's best interests and, accordingly, ordered that a sibling visitation plan be in place before adoptions were finalized. While DCFS argues that the order was invalid because it occurred after parental rights had been terminated, we observe that all orders are presumptively valid on their face.3 It was not in DCFS's discretion to unilaterally decide whether or not to comply with the order.
DCFS next argues that the family court lacked jurisdiction to order the release of information for purposes of effecting service.4 DCFS contends that NRS 432B.280 5 and NAC 127.200 6 mandate the confidentiality of adoption records unless an exception for disclosure is allowed under NRS 432B.290.7
We conclude that the family court acted well within its jurisdiction in ordering DCFS to disclose the information for the sole purpose of effecting service. Although the information sought is confidential, there are two exceptions by which the family court may properly order the disclosure of such information. NRS 432B.290(1)(e) and (g) allow the family court to make the information available if it is necessary to determine an issue, or if it is sought by the child's attorney or guardian ad litem. Here, the information is necessary to bring the issue of sibling visitation before the family court, and by the family court's order, it is only to be disclosed to A.M.S.'s attorney, and not to A.M.S. herself. Furthermore, A.M.S. seeks information from her own abuse and neglect case, which includes the information regarding the other girls' placements, and the family court retains jurisdiction over A.M.S. under NRS 3.223. Since visitation was already determined to be in the sisters' best interests, it was DCFS's duty to bring this order to the adoption court's attention, which DCFS failed to do. The child should not have to pursue a separate action before the adoption court to access information from those files because she seeks information from her own case which falls under two of the confidentiality exceptions, and because her predicament was caused by DCFS's failure to bring the order to the adoption court's attention.
DCFS next argues that the family court abused its discretion because its order compelling the disclosure of the legal guardians' names and addresses contravenes public policy. DCFS argues that forcing them to disclose that information would have a chilling effect on adoptions because adoptive families could not be secure in their right to privacy. DCFS also argues that allowing sibling visitation now, in the absence of such an order incorporated into the adoption decree, would undermine the children's permanency and stability in their new homes.
We conclude that the family court did not manifestly abuse its discretion.8 First, we note that the information sought will merely allow the child to serve a petition for sibling visitation so that a hearing may be held to determine whether visitation would be in the best interests of all of the children. Second, the family court adequately protected the privacy interest of the legal guardians by ordering the information disclosed only to the child's attorney, not to the child herself, and solely for effecting service. Third, and most importantly, we observe that DCFS's responsibility to all of the children while they were in DCFS's custody, and to A.M.S., who remains in DCFS's custody, is not merely permanency planning and placement; DCFS is responsible for acting in the best interests of the children.9 A.M.S. was a mother figure for the other girls and the siblings' bond was very close. The best interests of the children before adoption were that they be allowed to maintain that bond through regular contact.10 The family court's order of September 2000 specifically stated that a visitation plan be established before final adoptions took place. DCFS, as the minor girl's custodian, has a continuing obligation to act in her best interests. However, DCFS has acted exactly to the contrary by myopically promoting the adoptive families' privacy rights at the expense of the child's right of association with the only family that she has. The tragedy of DCFS's conduct is that it places all of these girls in the position of knowing that they have sisters, but not being able to locate them until the girls reach the age of majority,11 and denying them that special bond of sisterhood.
Accordingly, we deny the original petition challenging the family court's order granting A.M.S.'s motion to compel release of the names and addresses of her siblings' adoptive and biological parents.
1. NRS 125C.050(7) provides:If the parental rights of either or both natural parents of a child are relinquished or terminated, and the child is placed in the custody of a public agency or a private agency licensed to place children in homes, the district court in the county in which the child resides may grant to the great-grandparents and grandparents of the child and to other children of either parent of the child a reasonable right to visit the child during his minority if a petition therefor is filed with the court before the date on which the parental rights are relinquished or terminated. In determining whether to grant this right to a party seeking visitation, the court must find, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the visits would be in the best interests of the child in light of the considerations set forth in paragraphs (a) to (i), inclusive, of subsection 6.
2. We note that during oral argument, DCFS insisted that counsel had been appointed for A.M.S., so she had representation to seek visitation. However, counsel was not appointed for her until January 2002, nearly two years after parental rights to the girls had been terminated.
3. See Turner v. Dewco Services, Inc., 87 Nev. 14, 17, 479 P.2d 462, 465 (1971) (holding that the presumption of validity attached to the referee's order).
4. A writ of prohibition may issue to arrest a district court's proceedings if the proceedings exceed the court's jurisdiction. NRS 34.320.
5. NRS 432B.280 provides:1. Reports made pursuant to this chapter, as well as all records concerning these reports and investigations thereof, are confidential.2. Any person, law enforcement agency or public agency, institution or facility who willfully releases data or information concerning such reports and investigations, except:(a) Pursuant to a criminal prosecution relating to the abuse or neglect of a child;(b) As otherwise authorized or required pursuant to NRS 432B.290; or(c) As otherwise required pursuant to NRS 432B.513,is guilty of a misdemeanor.
6. NAC 127.200(3) provides that "[t]he documentation required pursuant to this section is confidential and must be protected from unauthorized use."
7. NRS 432B.290 provides, in relevant part:1. Except as otherwise provided in subsections 2, 5 and 6 and NRS 432B.513, data or information concerning reports and investigations thereof made pursuant to this chapter may be made available only to:․(e) A court, for in camera inspection only, unless the court determines that public disclosure of the information is necessary for the determination of an issue before it;․(g) The attorney and the guardian ad litem of the child ․
8. A writ of mandamus may issue to control an arbitrary or capricious exercise of discretion. Round Hill Gen. Imp. Dist. v. Newman, 97 Nev. 601, 603-04, 637 P.2d 534, 536 (1981).
9. See NRS 232.400 (providing, in pertinent part, that DCFS's purposes and duties include "[p]rovid[ing] a comprehensive state system for the coordination and provision of services to children and families who need assistance relating to juvenile justice and the care, welfare and mental health of children"). While this statute does not use the term "best interests of the child," providing for the care, welfare and mental health of children requires a determination of a course of conduct that would be in the children's best interest. Also, when read in context with NRS Chapter 432B and NRS Chapter 127, which provide that the termination of parental rights and adoptions can only be done upon a finding that such action would be in the child's best interest, NRS 232.400 shows that DCFS's duties include ascertaining and furthering goals that are in the child's best interest.
10. We make no determination as to whether visitation is still in all of the girls' best interests. That is a factual determination that must be made by the family court after presentation of evidence.
11. See NRS 127.007.
AGOSTI, C.J.
SHEARING, ROSE, LEAVITT, BECKER, MAUPIN and GIBBONS, JJ., concur.


Museum is a place designated for conservation of artifacts and other objects of artistic, cultural, historical, or scientific importance. It is an important place that holds the history of both ancient and modern culture of that area. People loves museum as it is a place to learn more about the past and the present.
The Borneo House Museum is an interactive 3D and educational museum in Sarawak with a floor area of more than 12,500 sq ft. The museum's interactive displays bring Sarawak's nature, culture, heritage and food to life and set the stage for a walk through the heart of Sarawak and Borneo.


Professor Tony Belpaeme is our STEM testimonial speaker this month and he will tell us why he became a scientist.
Dr Mairi Knight is currently the head of the school of biological sciences at Plymouth University.
Professor Deborah Greaves is a Plymouth University professor in ocean engineering and the director of the Coast Laboratory, the university's unique marine research facility.
Libby Jackson, Astronaut Flight Education Programme Leader at the UK Space Agency talks to the Science Museum about her first space memory and her aspirations for visiting Mars.
Paul Eccleston, a Space Instrumentation Systems Engineer at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Space works at the cutting edge of space science.
Cosmonaut (and the first Briton in space) Dr Helen Sharman talks to Science Museum about her first space memory, the historic 1975 Apollo-Soyuz mission.
Stephen Fry talks to Science Museum about his first memory of space, watching Apollo 8 on TV as the first humans orbited the Moon..
Tim Peake talks to Science Museum about his early memories of looking up at the stars, just weeks before he launches to the International Space Station.
Stefanie Kohl is a space systems engineer designing satellites for Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd. This video shows just some of the tasks she gets through in a day.


Dinuba is the 288th largest city in California, comprising of over 27 foreclosure properties listed in the past month. Dinuba is located approximately 28 miles from the next largest city, Fresno, CA. The current population of Dinuba, CA is 20,792 people living in _ properties. Dinuba's average home value is $196,148. Below is a list of the key real estate information when considering on buying a foreclosure property in Dinuba, CA.
RealQuest Express is the leading provider of foreclosure property information in Dinuba, California. Whether you are interested in buying a property at auction, foreclosure, pre-foreclosure, bank-owned property or a standard for sale listing in Dinuba, California, RealQuest Express is the source relied on by real estate professionals seeking high quality real estate information necessary for your next real estate purchase. There has never been a better time to buy a foreclosure in Dinuba, California — and there has never been a property information service that makes it as RealQuest Express.


text:
Je veux donner ma voix est une chanson interprétée par la chanteuse française Nayah pour représenter la France au Concours Eurovision de la chanson 1999 qui se déroulait à Jérusalem, en Israël.

Concours Eurovision de la chanson

Elle est intégralement interprétée en français, langue nationale. Les artistes sont toutefois libres d'interpréter leur chanson dans la langue de leur choix depuis 1999.

Il s'agit de la dixième chanson interprétée lors de la soirée, après  et  qui représentaient le Danemark avec  et avant Marlayne qui représentait les Pays-Bas avec . À l'issue du vote, elle a obtenu 14 points, se classant  sur 23 chansons.

Liste des titres

Classement

Historique de sortie

Notes et références

Chanson de l'Eurovision de 1999
Chanson représentant la France au Concours Eurovision de la chanson
Chanson en français

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Older but wiser very athletic don't look my age but sometimes feel it!
To seek out new life forms.
Experienced professional; clever, creative, playful & passionate. Enjoy intellectual, as well as physical, stimulation.
Just looking to see what's out there.