text:
package org.apache.deltaspike.data.impl.handler;

import org.apache.deltaspike.data.test.TransactionalTestCase;
import org.apache.deltaspike.data.test.domain.Simple;
import org.apache.deltaspike.data.test.domain.Simple2;
import org.apache.deltaspike.data.test.domain.SimpleStringId;
import org.apache.deltaspike.data.test.domain.Simple_;
import org.apache.deltaspike.data.test.service.ExtendedRepositoryAbstract;
import org.apache.deltaspike.data.test.service.ExtendedRepositoryAbstract2;
import org.apache.deltaspike.data.test.service.ExtendedRepositoryAbstract4;
import org.apache.deltaspike.data.test.service.ExtendedRepositoryInterface;
import org.apache.deltaspike.data.test.service.SimpleIntermediateRepository;
import org.apache.deltaspike.data.test.service.SimpleStringIdRepository;
import org.apache.deltaspike.test.category.WebProfileCategory;
import org.jboss.arquillian.container.test.api.Deployment;
import org.jboss.shrinkwrap.api.Archive;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.experimental.categories.Category;

import javax.inject.Inject;
import javax.persistence.metamodel.SingularAttribute;
import java.util.List;

import static org.apache.deltaspike.data.test.util.TestDeployments.initDeployment;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;

@Category(WebProfileCategory.class)
public class EntityRepositoryHandlerTest extends TransactionalTestCase
{

    @Deployment
    public static Archive<?> deployment()
    {
        return initDeployment()
                .addClasses(ExtendedRepositoryInterface.class)
                .addClasses(ExtendedRepositoryAbstract.class)
                .addClasses(ExtendedRepositoryAbstract2.class)
                .addClasses(ExtendedRepositoryAbstract4.class)
                .addClasses(SimpleStringIdRepository.class, SimpleIntermediateRepository.class)
                .addPackage(Simple.class.getPackage());
    }

    @Inject
    private ExtendedRepositoryInterface repo;

    @Inject
    private ExtendedRepositoryAbstract repoAbstract;

    @Inject
    private ExtendedRepositoryAbstract2 repoAbstract2;

    @Inject
    private ExtendedRepositoryAbstract4 repoAbstract4;

    @Inject
    private SimpleStringIdRepository stringIdRepo;

    @Inject
    private SimpleIntermediateRepository intermediate;

    @Test
    public void should_save() throws Exception
    {
        // given
        Simple simple = new Simple("test");

        // when
        simple = repo.save(simple);

        // then
        assertNotNull(simple.getId());
    }

    @Test
    public void should_merge() throws Exception
    {
        // given
        Simple simple = testData.createSimple("testMerge");
        Long id = simple.getId();

        // when
        final String newName = "testMergeUpdated";
        simple.setName(newName);
        simple = repo.save(simple);

        // then
        assertEquals(id, simple.getId());
        assertEquals(newName, simple.getName());
    }

    @Test
    public void should_save_and_flush() throws Exception
    {
        // given
        Simple simple = new Simple("test");

        // when
        simple = repo.saveAndFlush(simple);
        Simple fetch = (Simple) getEntityManager()
                .createNativeQuery("select * from SIMPLE_TABLE where id = ?", Simple.class)
                .setParameter(1, simple.getId())
                .getSingleResult();

        // then
        assertEquals(simple.getId(), fetch.getId());
    }

    @Test
    public void should_save_with_string_id()
    {
        // given
        SimpleStringId foo = new SimpleStringId("foo", "bar");

        // when
        foo = stringIdRepo.save(foo);

        // then
        assertNotNull(foo);
    }

    @Test
    public void should_refresh() throws Exception
    {
        // given
        final String name = "testRefresh";
        Simple simple = testData.createSimple(name);

        // when
        simple.setName("override");
        repo.refresh(simple);

        // then
        assertEquals(name, simple.getName());
    }

    @Test
    public void should_find_by_pk() throws Exception
    {
        // given
        Simple simple = testData.createSimple("testFindByPk");

        // when
        Simple find = repo.findBy(simple.getId());

        // then
        assertEquals(simple.getName(), find.getName());
    }

    @Test
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public void should_find_by_example() throws Exception
    {
        // given
        Simple simple = testData.createSimple("testFindByExample");

        // when
        List<Simple> find = repo.findBy(simple, Simple_.name);

        // then
        assertNotNull(find);
        assertFalse(find.isEmpty());
        assertEquals(simple.getName(), find.get(0).getName());
    }

    @Test
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public void should_find_by_example_with_start_and_max() throws Exception
    {
        // given
        Simple simple = testData.createSimple("testFindByExample1", Integer.valueOf(10));
        testData.createSimple("testFindByExample1", Integer.valueOf(10));

        // when
        List<Simple> find = repo.findBy(simple, 0, 1, Simple_.name, Simple_.counter);

        // then
        assertNotNull(find);
        assertFalse(find.isEmpty());
        assertEquals(1, find.size());
        assertEquals(simple.getName(), find.get(0).getName());
    }

    @Test
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public void should_find_by_example_with_no_attributes() throws Exception
    {
        // given
        Simple simple = testData.createSimple("testFindByExample");
        SingularAttribute<Simple, ?>[] attributes = new SingularAttribute[] {};

        // when
        List<Simple> find = repo.findBy(simple, attributes);

        // then
        assertNotNull(find);
        assertFalse(find.isEmpty());
        assertEquals(simple.getName(), find.get(0).getName());
    }

    @Test
    public void should_find_all()
    {
        // given
        testData.createSimple("testFindAll1");
        testData.createSimple("testFindAll2");

        // when
        List<Simple> find = repo.findAll();

        // then
        assertEquals(2, find.size());
    }

    @Test
    public void should_find_by_all_with_start_and_max()
    {
        // given
        testData.createSimple("testFindAll1");
        testData.createSimple("testFindAll2");

        // when
        List<Simple> find = repo.findAll(0, 1);

        // then
        assertEquals(1, find.size());
    }

    @Test
    @SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked" })
    public void should_find_by_like()
    {
        // given
        testData.createSimple("testFindAll1");
        testData.createSimple("testFindAll2");
        Simple example = new Simple("test");

        // when
        List<Simple> find = repo.findByLike(example, Simple_.name);

        // then
        assertEquals(2, find.size());
    }

    @Test
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public void should_find_by_like_with_start_and_max()
    {
        // given
        testData.createSimple("testFindAll1");
        testData.createSimple("testFindAll2");
        Simple example = new Simple("test");

        // when
        List<Simple> find = repo.findByLike(example, 1, 10, Simple_.name);

        // then
        assertEquals(1, find.size());
    }

    @Test
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public void should_find_by_like_non_string()
    {
        // given
        testData.createSimple("testFindAll1", 1);
        testData.createSimple("testFindAll2", 2);
        Simple example = new Simple("test");
        example.setCounter(1);

        // when
        List<Simple> find = repo.findByLike(example, Simple_.name, Simple_.counter);

        // then
        assertEquals(1, find.size());
    }

    @Test
    public void should_count_all()
    {
        // given
        testData.createSimple("testCountAll");

        // when
        Long result = repo.count();

        // then
        assertEquals(Long.valueOf(1), result);
    }

    @Test
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public void should_count_with_attributes()
    {
        // given
        Simple simple = testData.createSimple("testFindAll1", Integer.valueOf(55));
        testData.createSimple("testFindAll2", Integer.valueOf(55));

        // when
        Long result = repo.count(simple, Simple_.name, Simple_.counter);

        // then
        assertEquals(Long.valueOf(1), result);
    }

    @Test
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public void should_count_with_no_attributes()
    {
        // given
        Simple simple = testData.createSimple("testFindAll1");
        testData.createSimple("testFindAll2");
        SingularAttribute<Simple, Object>[] attributes = new SingularAttribute[] {};

        // when
        Long result = repo.count(simple, attributes);

        // then
        assertEquals(Long.valueOf(2), result);
    }

    @Test
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public void should_count_by_like()
    {
        // given
        testData.createSimple("testFindAll1");
        testData.createSimple("testFindAll2");
        Simple example = new Simple("test");

        // when
        Long count = repo.countLike(example, Simple_.name);

        // then
        assertEquals(Long.valueOf(2), count);
    }

    @Test
    public void should_remove()
    {
        // given
        Simple simple = testData.createSimple("testRemove");

        // when
        repo.remove(simple);
        repo.flush();
        Simple lookup = getEntityManager().find(Simple.class, simple.getId());

        // then
        assertNull(lookup);
    }

    @Test
    public void should_remove_and_flush() {
        // given
        Simple simple = testData.createSimple("testRemoveAndFlush");

        // when
        repo.removeAndFlush(simple);
        Simple lookup = getEntityManager().find(Simple.class, simple.getId());

        // then
        assertNull(lookup);
    }

    @Test
    public void should_remove_detach_entity() {
        //given
        Simple simple = testData.createSimple("testeAttachAndRemove");

        //when
        repo.detach(simple);
        repo.attachAndRemove(simple);
        repo.flush();
        Simple lookup = getEntityManager().find(Simple.class, simple.getId());

        // then
        assertNull(lookup);
    }

    @Test
    public void should_return_table_name()
    {
        final String tableName = repoAbstract.getTableName();
        final String tableName2 = repoAbstract2.getTableName();

        assertEquals("SIMPLE_TABLE", tableName);
        assertEquals(Simple2.class.getSimpleName(), tableName2);
    }

    @Test
    public void should_return_entity_name()
    {
        final String entityName = repoAbstract.getEntityName();
        final String entityName2 = repoAbstract4.getEntityName();

        assertEquals("Simple", entityName);
        assertEquals("EntitySimple4", entityName2);
    }

    @Test
    public void should_return_entity_primary_key()
    {
        //given
        Simple simple = testData.createSimple("should_return_entity_primary_key");
        Long id = simple.getId();

        //when
        Long primaryKey = repo.getPrimaryKey(simple);

        // then
        assertNotNull(primaryKey);
        assertEquals(id, primaryKey);
    }

    @Test
    public void should_return_null_primary_key()
    {
        //given
        Simple simple = new Simple("should_return_null_primary_key");

        //when
        Long primaryKey = repo.getPrimaryKey(simple);

        // then
        assertNull(primaryKey);
    }

    @Test
    public void should_return_entity_primary_key_detached_entity()
    {
        //given
        Simple simple = testData.createSimple("should_return_entity_primary_key");
        Long id = simple.getId();

        //when
        getEntityManager().detach(simple);
        Long primaryKey = repo.getPrimaryKey(simple);

        // then
        assertNotNull(primaryKey);
        assertEquals(id, primaryKey);
    }

    @Test
    public void should_query_with_hints()
    {
        Simple simple = testData.createSimple("should_return_entity_primary_key");
        Long id = simple.getId();

        getEntityManager().flush();
        getEntityManager().clear();

        Simple found = intermediate.findBy(id);

        assertEquals(id, found.getId());
    }

    @Test
    public void should_query_names()
    {
        String name = "should_return_entity_primary_key";
        testData.createSimple(name);

        List<String> names = intermediate.findAllNames();

        assertEquals(name, names.get(0));
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
<?php include('inc/header.php'); ?>
<?php include('inc/dbSetup.php'); ?>
<?php include('class/questionClass.php'); ?>

<?php

if((isset($_POST['courseSelect']) && isset($_POST['sectionSelect']) && isset($_POST['examSelect']) && isset($_SESSION['user']))||(isset($_SESSION['course']) && isset($_SESSION['section']) && isset($_SESSION['exam'])))// && isset($_SESSION['user'])
{
//echo $_POST['examSelect'];
	if(isset($_POST['courseSelect']) && isset($_POST['sectionSelect']) && isset($_POST['examSelect']))
	{

		$course = mysql_real_escape_string($_POST['courseSelect']);
		$section = mysql_real_escape_string($_POST['sectionSelect']);
		$exam = mysql_real_escape_string($_POST['examSelect']);
		//echo $exam;

		//set to sessions because the page refreshs to show the prof the edits made

		$_SESSION['course']=$course;
		$_SESSION['section']=$section;
		$_SESSION['exam']=$exam;

	}
	/*  checks displays answerkeyarray column
		$result4 = mysql_query("SELECT answerkeyarray FROM answerkeys WHERE course='".$_SESSION['course']."' AND section='".$_SESSION['section']."' AND exam ='".$_SESSION['exam']."'") or die(mysql_error());
		$olderKey = mysql_fetch_assoc($result4);
		$older=$olderKey["answerkeyarray"];
		echo $older;*/

	function questionClassStorage($editUnserialize, $older)//make the code more readable, used to update the correct answers for a question in the question class
	{
		$edit = serialize($editUnserialize);
		$result2 = mysql_query("UPDATE question SET question='".$edit."' WHERE course='".$_SESSION['course']."' AND question='".$older."' AND section='".$_SESSION['section']."' AND exam ='".$_SESSION['exam']."'") or die(mysql_error());//AND prof='".$_SESSION['user']."')
	}

	function keyArrayStorage($key)//used to update the correct answers for a question in the answerkeyarray
	{
		$answerKeys = serialize($key);

		$result4 = mysql_query("SELECT answerkeyarray FROM answerkeys WHERE course='".$_SESSION['course']."' AND section='".$_SESSION['section']."' AND exam ='".$_SESSION['exam']."'") or die(mysql_error());
		$olderKey = mysql_fetch_assoc($result4);
		$older=$olderKey["answerkeyarray"];

		$result5 = mysql_query("UPDATE answerkeys SET answerkeyarray='".$answerKeys."' WHERE course='".$_SESSION['course']."' AND answerkeyarray='".$older."' AND section='".$_SESSION['section']."' AND exam ='".$_SESSION['exam']."'") or die(mysql_error());

	    //echo mysql_error();
		//var_dump($result5);
		//$course = $_SESSION['course'];
		//$section = $_SESSION['section'];
		//$exam = $_SESSION['exam'];
		//$result3 = mysql_query("INSERT INTO answerkeys(answerkeyarray,course,section,exam) VALUES('$answerKeys','$course','$section','$exam')") or die(mysql_error());
		//echo mysql_error();
		//var_dump($result3);
	}

	echo '
		 <form action="modify.php" name="questionsandAnswers" method="POST">

		 ';

	$query = "SELECT question FROM question WHERE course='".$_SESSION['course']."' AND section='".$_SESSION['section']."' AND exam ='".$_SESSION['exam']."'";//AND prof='".$_SESSION['user']."'
	$result = mysql_query($query) or die(mysql_error());

	if(mysql_num_rows($result)==0)		//sends the professor back if no questions are there to be modified
	{
		echo '
			'
			;
	}

	$i=1;
	while ($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($result))
	{
		//echo $row["question"];
		$questions[$i]=unserialize($row["question"]);

		//echo $questions->getProf();
		//echo '
';
		//echo $_SESSION['user'];
		//echo '
';

		//if($questions[$i]->getProf()==$_SESSION['user'])     if using professors can only edit questions they created
		//{
		$questions[$i]->displayQuestion();

		//var_dump($questions[$i]->getQuestionNum());

		$old[$i]= serialize($questions[$i]);
		echo '

         Question:
         <input type="text" name="question'.$i.'" placeholder="New Question" />

		  Answer 1:
		 <input name = "checkbox1'.$i.'" value="1" type="checkbox" />
		 <input type="text" name="answer1'.$i.'" placeholder="New Answer 1" />

		  Answer 2:
		 <input name = "checkbox2'.$i.'" value="2" type="checkbox">
		 <input type="text" name="answer2'.$i.'" placeholder="New Answer 2" />

		  Answer 3:
		 <input name = "checkbox3'.$i.'" value="3" type="checkbox">
		 <input type="text" name="answer3'.$i.'" placeholder="New Answer 3" />

		  Answer 4:
		 <input name = "checkbox4'.$i.'" value="4" type="checkbox">
		 <input type="text" name="answer4'.$i.'" placeholder="New Answer 4" />

		  Answer 5:
		 <input name = "checkbox5'.$i.'" value="5" type="checkbox">
		 <input type="text" name="answer5'.$i.'" placeholder="New Answer 5" />

		';

		$i++;
		//echo "index is".$i;

		/*}    if using professors can only edit questions they created
		else
		{
		$questions[$i]->displayQuestion();
		$i++;
		}*/
	}

	//echo $i;

	echo '

	<input class="center button [tiny small large]" type="submit" value="Edit" />

		</form>

		';

	//echo	$_POST['checkbox1'.'1'.''];

	$i2=1;
	$check=false;

	while($i2<$i)
	{
		$checkQuestion = isset($_POST['question'.$i2.'']) && !$_POST['question'.$i2.'']=='';
		$checkAnswer1 = isset($_POST['answer1'.$i2.'']) && !$_POST['answer1'.$i2.'']=='';
		$checkAnswer2 = isset($_POST['answer2'.$i2.'']) && !$_POST['answer2'.$i2.'']=='';
		$checkAnswer3 = isset($_POST['answer3'.$i2.'']) && !$_POST['answer3'.$i2.'']=='';
		$checkAnswer4 = isset($_POST['answer4'.$i2.'']) && !$_POST['answer4'.$i2.'']=='';
		$checkAnswer5 = isset($_POST['answer5'.$i2.'']) && !$_POST['answer5'.$i2.'']=='';
		$checkCheckBox1 = isset($_POST['checkbox1'.$i2.'']);
		$checkCheckBox2 = isset($_POST['checkbox2'.$i2.'']);
		$checkCheckBox3 = isset($_POST['checkbox3'.$i2.'']);
		$checkCheckBox4 = isset($_POST['checkbox4'.$i2.'']);
		$checkCheckBox5 = isset($_POST['checkbox5'.$i2.'']);
		//print_r($checkQuestion);

		if($checkQuestion)
		{
			$questions[$i2]->set_question($_POST['question'.$i2.'']);
			//echo $_POST['question'.$i2.''];
			//echo "works Q";

			//echo serialize($questions[$i2]);

			//echo "
";

			//echo $old[$i2];

			questionClassStorage($questions[$i2],$old[$i2]);

			$check=true;

			$old[$i2]=serialize($questions[$i2]);

		}
		if($checkAnswer1)
		{
			$questions[$i2]->setAnswer1($_POST['answer1'.$i2.'']);

			questionClassStorage($questions[$i2],$old[$i2]);

			//var_dump($questions[$i2]->getQuestionNum());

			$check=true;

			$old[$i2]=serialize($questions[$i2]);

		}
		if($checkAnswer2)
		{
			$questions[$i2]->setAnswer2($_POST['answer2'.$i2.'']);

			questionClassStorage($questions[$i2],$old[$i2]);

			$check=true;

			$old[$i2]=serialize($questions[$i2]);

		}
		if($checkAnswer3)
		{
			$questions[$i2]->setAnswer3($_POST['answer3'.$i2.'']);

			questionClassStorage($questions[$i2],$old[$i2]);

			$check=true;

			$old[$i2]=serialize($questions[$i2]);

		}
		if($checkAnswer4)
		{
			$questions[$i2]->setAnswer4($_POST['answer4'.$i2.'']);

			questionClassStorage($questions[$i2],$old[$i2]);

			$check=true;

			$old[$i2]=serialize($questions[$i2]);

		}

		if($checkAnswer5)
		{
			$questions[$i2]->setAnswer5($_POST['answer5'.$i2.'']);

			questionClassStorage($questions[$i2],$old[$i2]);

			$check=true;

			$old[$i2]=serialize($questions[$i2]);

		}
		//echo $_POST['checkbox1'.$i2.''];

		if((($checkCheckBox1)||($checkCheckBox2)||($checkCheckBox3)||($checkCheckBox4)||($checkCheckBox5)))
		{
		//echo serialize($questions[$i2]);
		//echo "hi";
			$questions[$i2]->removeCorrectAnswers();

			for($i3=1; $i3<6; $i3++)
			{
				$correctAnswers[$i2][$i3]=0;
			}

		}

		if($checkCheckBox1)
		{

			//echo $_POST['checkbox1'.$i2.''];

			//echo "the";
			//echo $questions[$i2]->getNumCorrect();

			//$questions[$i2]->removeCorrectAnswers();

			//var_dump($questions[$i2]->getQuestionNum());

			$box = $questions[$i2]->getQuestionNum().".".$_POST['checkbox1'.$i2.''];
			//echo $box;
			$questions[$i2]->addCorrectAnswer($box);
			//echo "works A5";
			//$questions[$i2]->removeCorrectAnswers($box);

			//var_dump($questions[$i2]->getCorrectAnswers());

			//echo "
";
			//echo serialize($questions[$i2]);
			//echo "
";
			//echo $old[$i2];

			questionClassStorage($questions[$i2],$old[$i2]);

			$correctAnswers[$i2][1] =1;
			//var_dump(serialize($correctAnswers));

			keyArrayStorage($correctAnswers);

			$check=true;

			$old[$i2]=serialize($questions[$i2]);
		}
		if($checkCheckBox2)
		{

			$box = $questions[$i2]->getQuestionNum().".".$_POST['checkbox2'.$i2.''];

			$questions[$i2]->addCorrectAnswer($box);

			questionClassStorage($questions[$i2],$old[$i2]);

			$correctAnswers[$i2][2] =1;

			keyArrayStorage($correctAnswers);
			$check=true;

			$old[$i2]=serialize($questions[$i2]);
		}
		if($checkCheckBox3)
		{

			$box = $questions[$i2]->getQuestionNum().".".$_POST['checkbox3'.$i2.''];

			$questions[$i2]->addCorrectAnswer($box);

			questionClassStorage($questions[$i2],$old[$i2]);

			$correctAnswers[$i2][3] =1;

			keyArrayStorage($correctAnswers);
			$check=true;

			$old[$i2]=serialize($questions[$i2]);
		}
		if($checkCheckBox4)
		{

			$box = $questions[$i2]->getQuestionNum().".".$_POST['checkbox4'.$i2.''];
			//echo $box;
			$questions[$i2]->addCorrectAnswer($box);

			questionClassStorage($questions[$i2],$old[$i2]);

			$correctAnswers[$i2][4] =1;

			keyArrayStorage($correctAnswers);

			$check=true;

			$old[$i2]=serialize($questions[$i2]);
		}
		if($checkCheckBox5)
		{

			$box = $questions[$i2]->getQuestionNum().".".$_POST['checkbox5'.$i2.''];

			$questions[$i2]->addCorrectAnswer($box);

			questionClassStorage($questions[$i2],$old[$i2]);

			$correctAnswers[$i2][5] =1;

			keyArrayStorage($correctAnswers);

			$check=true;

			$old[$i2]=serialize($questions[$i2]);
		}

		if($check==true)
		{
			echo '<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0">';//refresh page
		}

		else
		{
			//echo "Nothing was changed";
		}
	$i2++;
	$check=false;
	}

}

else
{
	echo "Select a course, section and if it is entry or exit first";
}

?>
<form action="professorhomepage.php" >

	<input class="center button [tiny small large]" type="submit" value="Professor Home" />

</form>

<?php include('inc/footer.php'); ?>


text:
S.M. HARRISON - Writer
**BLOG TOUR WITH PAULA LOFTING, AUTHOR OF 'SONS OF THE WOLF'.**
Available now! The Colour of Treason
Book Review: The Colour of Treason
Coming soon - For King and Country
A Rose of England - book launch - Palm Sunday 24th March 2013
BATTLE OF TOWTON COMMEMORATION EVENT 2012
THE COLOUR OF TREASON - UPCOMING REVIEW
*'The Violent Death of the King in the Car Park'. Talk by Bob Woosnam -Savage Royal Armouries, Leeds, Wednesday 27th March 2013.
A Rose of England book launch
Keeping Up Appearances:
Tomorrow's the BIG Day:
NEW Available now! A Rose of England
The Colour of Treason Author's Notes - contains spoilers
FROM THE BLOG: >
posted 25 Mar 2013, 14:20 by Su Harrison [ updated 1 Apr 2013, 10:13 ]
There are many books, blogs and websites that offer writers advice when it comes to writing character descriptions: 'show don't tell'; 'less is more'; 'make the description tell us more about the character than just their physical appearance' etc. etc. Of course, by definition if you are writing fiction then the character exists clearly in your head and it is your job to communicate that to the reader, so that if they were asked to describe the character at the end of the novel they would come up with your character just as you imagined them. Writers of historical fiction often have a different problem they have to figure out for themselves in that the person they are writing about actually existed but there are either no contemporary likenesses of them or worse still there are sketchy ones available or vague descriptions (both on appearance and character) by contemporary writers which we may wish to believe or disbelieve depending on their relationship to the said character! The former does allow the writer more of a free rein to develop the character as their own, whereas the latter offers up a number of difficult choices.
One of my main protagonists in both 'The Colour of Treason' and 'A Rose of England' is Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick (you may know him as The Kingmaker) and unfortunately for me there are a few contemporary likenesses to pick and choose from:
1. Probably the closest to life as he was involved in commissioning it in the 1450s: his depiction as a weeper on Richard Beauchamp's tomb in St Mary's Warwick. (Beauchamp was Warwick's father-in-law). This shows Warwick, perhaps symbolically, as an older man however, as he was only 42 when he died at the Battle of Barnet in 1471.
There is a general family likeness in the mourners which is also apparent in the earlier 'Neville family at prayer' depicting Warwick's father and his siblings from the Neville Book of Hours c1430:
2. Salisbury Roll of Arms - completed around 1463 to mark the re-internment of his father at Bisham Abbey. Highly stylised and probably not a true likeness.
3. So-called Rous Roll compiled 1483-85 during the reign of Richard III and probably by Warwick's widow, the Countess of Warwick - again highly stylised and probably no attempt at a likeness.
4. The last page in the so-called Beauchamp Pageant almost certainly commissioned by the Countess of Warwick - some attempt at a likeness here as all the figures have different faces. (He is top left as we look at it, pointing towards his countess).
This is painted on the wall at Warwick Castle and Richard Neville has dark brown wavy shoulder length hair and dark eyes:
And I have gone along with that colouring.
5.His death at the Battle of Barnet in the Besancon version of the Short Arrivall - painted some 10 years after the battle. He is fully armoured but appears quite tall. (Warwick is riding to the right on the white horse with a shield on his back).
By the manner of dress and hairstyle this image from the Founder's and Benefactor's book of Tewkesbury Abbey is likely to be mid-sixteenth century and therefore not a true likeness:
In addition the Neville family were generally regarded by contemporaries as being both handsome and tall and as a novelist that was one piece of information I certainly couldn't ignore!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Zippy Zander blasts Wellington College to epic win
Zander Edwards threading the defence for Wellington College this year. PHOTO: Wareham Sports Media.
"I was scared when I saw it hit the post. We'd already had a couple of near misses. I struck it where I wanted, but I honestly thought it had missed," Zander Edwards recalls of his first goal in the Trevor Rigby Cup final for Wellington College against Scots College.
Down 1-2 at halftime, Wellington leveled after an hour when Edwards swiftly latched onto a swirling ball and shot between two defenders from 20 yards.
"When it went in I was like this could be our day. It didn't feel like that earlier."
Wellington tumbled behind again when Rory Best turned George and netted a third for Scots but Wellington had unflinching faith in their attacking methodology.
"We planned to hit them on attack. We've scored a lot of goals this season and you are not going to beat the champions by sitting back. Sometimes we were up too high which left us exposed at the back but generally we've got that balance right this season."
Wellington's third goal was scored when they out-committed Scots in the penalty area.
"I'm not sure what happened but the ball was bouncing around and I thought I'd put it into the back of the net. Scots protested the goal. I heard a high pitch screech, but I don't think there was anything in it."
There is plenty of courage in the DNA of Cooper Duggan. The experienced striker hobbled off just prior to halftime, but returned with half an hour remaining, eventually setting up the winner for Edwards with a sizzling burst down the left wing.
"Cooper is a wonderful player, it's a real privilege to play with him. He is dangerous anytime he gets the ball. He can create as well as score. It was brave of him to come back on, but I wasn't surprised because we needed him."
Wellington was able to play more cautiously with the lead, but it wasn't comfortable.
"It kind of fell apart because Scots got back in our half and had a few shots on goal. We were basically playing for the whistle and didn't realise there were five minutes of extra time."
The blustery wind was another tax.
"A wind like Saturday changes the whole complexion of the game. In one half you can hit the long ball but against the breeze you have to play on the deck and weigh your passes.
"Our ground is quite exposed so we often train in the wind. Cones and goals blow over. I honestly think the strong wind was an advantage for us."
Edwards has given Wellington College an advantage since arriving from Rathkeale College in 2019. In just his second game for Wellington he scored four goals in a staggering 10-0 win against St Patrick's College, Wellington. In 2021 he scored 21 goals in 18 games and finished the Trevor Rigby Cup as the golden boot winner.
He was born in Northampton, England and supports Arsenal. He is involved with the Miramar Rangers club.
Hamish Wareham is a guru of Wellington Secondary Schools Football and observed:
"Zander is the first player in Trevor Rigby Cup final history to score a hat-trick. I've never seen a final like Saturday's, unbelievable. Wellington struggled to contain Alden Suri in the first-half, Scots' lethal talisman scoring twice. Once Alden was starved of the ball, Wellington was able to dominate and Zander was deadly in front of goal. What a game. I'm still buzzing."
Story for College Sport Media by Adam Julian, September 2021.
Zander Edwards holding the Trevor Rigby Cup aloft and celebrating with this team after their 2021 final win. PHOTO: Wellington College Facebook.
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Double delight for Ross twins
Four years ago, the Onslow College First XI girls football team were languishing in Premier 2. On Wednesday night they won their first Wellington Premier title since 1993 with a victory on penalties against four-time reigning champions, Wellington Girls' College.
It was the first time since 2003 when Onslow lost to Samuel Marsden they had been involved in a decider.
Onslow was seventh in the Premiership in 2019, jumping to third last year and then champions by holding their nerve in an 11-shot shootout.
The Ross twins, Hannah and Nicola, have been at the forefront of the ascent. Together they have combined for an estimated 160 games. However central defender Hannah concedes she was petrified when her turn to take a penalty arrived at 5-5.
"I went up to take our sixth shot but had a bit of a panic attack, so Scarlett (O'Donnell) was really brave and went instead. I wasn't standing there to go next, I was standing there cause I'm a really good friend," Hannah laughed.
Year 10 Scarlett scored while her sister Eliza O'Donnell watched on in the losing team.
"We're not a very sporty school so it means a lot to us and the school to win this trophy," Hannah said.
"At halftime we had to settle down, pass more, and get more possession in their half. They scored the first goal, and we did well to keep them out. In the second-half our energy levels were up. It was still very stressful, but getting a goal was a great booster," she continued.
Onslow College's winning team.
Golden boot winning striker Olivia Ingham was the source of the goal. Attacking midfielder Nicola was at the fore.
"The great thing about our defence is they can transition quickly onto attack. WGC had a good first-half, but we regrouped at halftime and switched on. We created a lot of opportunities. We've got a good balance," Nicola said.
Wellington Girls' won the last encounter which went to penalties against Onslow but Hannah insists Onslow had a positive mindset.
"Choose a spot, don't change your mind, and stay calm was our approach. All the girls were amazing."
The Ross twins have been in the First XI since Year 9. Their leadership has helped nurture a side that only has another Year 13.
"Our coach Rachel Finlay has been amazing. She is a sports scientist and went to the 2018 Under-17 World Cup with New Zealand. We have got dinner at our place next week to celebrate. It is going to be weird not playing for Onslow next year, but I'm proud of what we've done," Nicola concluded.
Wellington College win blockbuster Trevor Rigby final
Wellington College's winning team.
Wellington College have won their first Trevor Rigby Cup final since 2013, rallying from behind three times to dethrone reigning champions Scots College 4-3.
The winner in the 2021 Wellington Boys Premier 1 football final was scored with about five minutes remaining when the courageous Cooper Duggan burst down the left wing and crossed to Zander Edwards who calmly slotted it past the keeper to complete an epic second-half hat-trick.
Duggan had hobbled off before halftime and was ginger most of the second-spell, summoning the heart and skill to supply the prolific Edwards.
Despite the horribly blustery conditions the spectacle was top shelf. Wellington controlled early possession and created the better chances, but Scots flyer Alden Suri was first to strike with his right foot from a Tom England turnover.
Oscar Crowe always runs a mile for Wellington College and when he latched onto a Jack Julian pass and evaded two defenders scores were tied.
Scots captain Charlie Bachelor set up Suri on the left and the cartwheels he performed were a joyful showcase of superior talent. The halftime score was 2-1.
Long balls were always a lottery and a combination of a lucky bounce and pace saw Edwards split two Scots tacklers and fire a shot into the right post which rebounded into the back of the net, 2-2.
Wellington kept on pressing but Rory Best emulated Suri's solo brilliance with a searing bust and short on the right wing to make it 3-2 to Scots.
Wellington's third was protested by Scots. Multiple shots in the penalty area were blocked by Scots. Defender Thijn Overkamp collapsed in distress as the ball was scrambled towards the right corner. Jack Julian whipped a cross back inside and Edwards, quick as a flash forced it in.
Wellington coach Stu Widdowson celebrated his 100th game in charge with a title at a second school; he'd previously been successful at St Pats Town. Wellington's record for the season was 22 wins, two defeats and a draw in 25 games. They scored 117 goals.
Interviews and stories by Adam Julian, for College Sport Media and College Sport Wellington, September 2021.
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St Bede's Reach Mounty Summit in Canterbury Football
In 1981 New Zealand was split over the Springboks tour as the All Whites commenced a giant killing spree which would see them qualify for the Football World Cup for the first time in 1982. Trevor Francis was the world's richest player.
In Christchurch, St Bede's College were the Canterbury First XI champions, winning 17 of 20 matches and out-scoring opponents 71-25.
It would take more than 2,000 weeks for St Bede's to jump back inside a time machine, but last Wednesday the First XI emulated the feat of their 1981 side by defeating Christ's College 2-1 in the final of the Connetics Mainland League.
Christ's topped the round-robin, winning all 11 matches and conceding a stingy three goals. They had beaten St Bede's 3-0 previously but came unstuck against the gritty Catholics. Goalkeeper Finn Mounty is First XI captain.
"We're a physical team. We don't shy away from tough tackles. Sure, we give away a few fouls but we pride ourselves on playing old school footy. If you're going to do fancy stuff, you better be good at it," he said.
Christ's is a polished team renowned for their pace and superior touch. In accordance with the form book they seized an early lead.
"We started off alright with a chance in the first 30 seconds which was really encouraging. Five minutes later we conceded a corner which we didn't set up properly for. The ball bobbled around, and they went on to tap it in.
"In the past we might have fallen apart but three minutes later our striker Adam Poumaka scored a really good solo goal. The rest of the half was back and forward."
Mounty joined the First XI in Year 10. St Bede's won the Plate final (fifth place) three times from 2018 to 2020. This year the top four was a realistic target.
"We had a core group back, two Year 13 strikers, a centre back and new coaches. We had a bit of a shocker against Papanui High School which was a turning point of our season. We had to be more switched on and when we beat St Thomas who've been very strong, we knew we had the makings of a good side.
"We kept on building and became really tight. We had 25 turning up to Sunday training. Our game is about overloading the midfield and cutting off supply for key attackers in the opposition. Cashmere High scored the most goals in the league. We kept them to nil twice to make the final. Christ's are a quick, possession-based team and we noticed they started rushing things and getting frustrated."
Without New Zealand Under 19 selection Daniel Metherell, Christ's was truly strangled. The winning moment for St Bede's happened in the 83rd minute.
"I sent the ball forwards and one of our players who identified a gap in Christ's defence, passing it through to Josh Coe. Josh changed direction from left to right and shot past the keeper. It was unbelievable. After that we had to dig in our heels."
St Bede's thwarted desperate Christ's raids and prevailed 2-1. Managing the team was Chris Hubble; managing the 1981 team was his father Simon, then a staff member. This victory was a big deal among old boys.
The 1981 team - the previous St Bede's team to be crowned Canterbury First XI Boys football champions.
"We got a lot of messages thanking us, supporting us, it was unreal. I think a lot of people were really surprised. It's been such a long time," Mounty said.
Ironically Ollie Hawkins who coached St Bede's last season was in charge of Christ's. St Bede's was coached by Atticus Jones (23) and Luke Ziswiler-Hayton, a member of the First XI in 2020.
"Luke applied for the job and the school had the confidence in his leadership to pick him. He's doing a couple of coaching courses and our leadership group talked about treating him with respect. Obviously, he's my mate, but there had to be a little distance and we all agreed about that.
"Like most boys we enjoy talking a bit of rubbish and because Atticus and Luke are still playing, they could take part in a lot of the drills with us and that made training more fun and challenging."
Mounty plays his club football for Ferrymead Bays and worked "pretty much fulltime" for Countdown during lockdown. He is the head of the First XV supporters club - notorious for a parochial chanting and chainsaw racket.
"We play on a Wednesday night, the First XV on a Saturday afternoon. I keep the chainsaw at home, but I'm only allowed to use it at home games under certain conditions. I had to sign a contract with the Rector. I can't go into specifics that would be sacrilege, but it's fair to say I'm pretty proud to go to St Bede's. "
Interview and story by Adam Julian, for College Sport Media, September 2021.
Roche Fires St Andrew's to First XI Glory
"I'm not usually a player that does a skill beforehand," Charlotte Roche (Year 12) giggles when pondering her favourite goal in the Canterbury Premier Girls' First XI football final.
The striker scored a hat-trick as St Andrew's College crushed Rangi Ruru Girls' School 5-0 to capture Sport Canterbury honours following two previous defeats in deciders.
"I was super grateful to have a game coming out of lockdown, especially a final. It was quite surprising how well we played because everyone's fitness during lockdown went down," Roche said
"It could have gone either way. Rangi played really well. We were lucky we got on top early otherwise we might have felt the pressure."
Roche scored the first goal of the game, latching onto a brilliant pass, just outside the box, delivered from halfway.
"That was all Amelia McAllister. The credit's all hers. We have been playing together since we were five years old and she's super talented.
"My strengths are running on to through balls, speed, and I like one on one contests with the keeper."
St Andrew's had beaten Rangi Ruru 8-0 in the first game of 2021 but their opponents became battle-hardened in their first Premiership season for over a decade. Roche was weary of their threat.
"They improved massively throughout the season, holding Christchurch Girls' High School to a draw and training hard to beat us in lockdown.
"We have gone into the last three finals winning most of our games and then the pressure has got to us. I think the enthusiasm of playing after lockdown helped."
St Andrew's led 3-0 at halftime and Roche applied the explanation mark with two second-half goals.
"There was one I scored where I did some skill and that was one I was really excited about. I'm just super grateful to have had a game. It's really exciting.
"We lost the two previous finals to Burnside. They are a really good side and they were close games we could have won, but we let the occasion get the better of us."
St Andrew's won all nine Premier fixtures, outscoring opponents 41-7. Roche identified two goals she scored against Christchurch Girls' High School as a highlight.
In 2019 she was named in the New Zealand Secondary Schools squad that was scheduled to tour the USA before the arrival of COVID-19. She has also been involved with the New Zealand Under-17 programme.
"That was awesome to go up against other players and experience a New Zealand set up.
"It's really exciting to be in football at the moment with the Phoenix joining the A-League. With the uncertainty of COVID it gives players something to aspire to. I think I'm a long way off that, but it's going to be cool to watch all the other players."
Roche has already competed against some of New Zealand's elite senior talent. She plays her club football for Waimakariri United in the Mainland Premier League. The competition was won by Coastal Spirit who won all 15 matches and outscored opposition 117-6 making them one of the best teams in the country. Coach Juan Chang mentors St Andrew's with support from Canterbury pride head Alana Gunn.
"I'm really lucky to have good coaches. Juan and Alana Gunn put so much time in and their record speaks for itself."
Roche has ambitions to be a doctor but her desire to play football has only strengthened over lockdown. The next big event are national age group tournaments, dates yet to be confirmed in December.
Story by Adam Julian, for College Sport Media, September 2021.


The material here is used with kind permission from Janice Fralick (the two letters from Matthew) and from David Horton at The Watermelon Blog.
Nicholas Hewson and Elizabeth Pickering (born 1764; Nicholas' birth date not known) probably married around 1785. From 1786 to 1807 they appear to have been living at Yokefleet and had at least eight children, two of whom, Thomas and Hannah, died young. Some of the children were baptised at nearby Laxton but gave their place of birth as Yokefleet.
There appears to have been an addition to the family in 1802 when Thomas Hewson of Market Weighton, a tailor, died and the administration of his estate was granted to his uncle Nicholas Hewson of Yokefleet, labourer, who also became guardian of George Coghill Hewson, aged six, son of Thomas Hewson.
Susannah (or Ana) Hewson, baptised 1796 at Laxton, married Robert Maud (born abt 1791, Asselby) at Eastrington in 1816. In 1841 the family was living at Portington where Robert was an agricultural labourer. In 1851 they were living at Holtby near York. Among their children (born Portington) were Nicholas (who later was a joiner in North Cave), John and Matthew. Two of the children, Elizabeth and William, married brother and sister Charles and Eliza Young. Ana died in 1859(?) and Robert later moved in with the Youngs.
John Hewson, born about 1791, was a school teacher and was married, had one daughter, and was remarkably mobile. He taught in Wiltshire and lived at Appleton in 1831, and moved to Huddersfield till 1848. He was then at Temple Coombe and in 1851 they were living in Abbas Combe, Somerset. After a short illness he died at the age of 75. His daughter was also a school teacher and taught for years at Temple Coombe, Trowbridge and at Bath, where she died in 1852. Her husband was a teacher too, and they were only married seven or eight years before she died, leaving two small children. She was said to be clever and was a gifted musician and talented water-colourist as well as a good linguist, speaking French quite fluently.
Matthew Hewson, born about 1790, was a soldier and served in the war of 1812-1814. He fought in the Battle of Queenston Heights and was present when General Brock fell. He received a medal for bravery. Matthew's wife Fanny was an officer's widow, and they lived variously at Woolwich, Howden and Hull. Matthew was described as a tailor in 1841 when he was living in Flatgate, Howden. In 1851 they were in Hull where Matthew was described as a tailor and Chelsea Pensioner. In 1853 he built a house for himself at Eastrington and lived there till he died, at the age of 75, in 1865. Fanny died three months later in North Cave. Nicholas Maud, yeoman of North Cave, Matthew's nephew, was the executor.
Mary Hewson, born about 1791/2, married William Woodhall at Howden in 1821. In 1830, with her husband and two neighbours and her young brother James Hewson (bp. 1805 Laxton), they set sail for Canada. Within a year another brother Nicholas Hewson (bp. 1799 Laxton; he had married a farmer's daughter, Mary Mitchell, in 1829) also headed for Canada, all of them settling near each other in Ontario. James married an Englishwoman in Canada in 1834, but just before this there was an upheaval back home. Their father Nicholas died, and his widow Elizabeth also set sail for Canada, bravely at the age of nearly 70, and moved in with her son Nicholas. She died in Canada in 1838.
Back home, it was Matthew Hewson who kept in touch with his brother Nicholas and let him know the doings of the family back in England. The Canadian Hewsons had not written home from 1840 to 1853. In that year, the death of one of Elizabeth Pickering's brothers forced Matthew to write to them.
It was a particular desire of poor Uncle Pickering, that you Should be Made Aiquanted With his Death by Us - which took place on the 14th January; he had been gradually decaying for Some time, but kept About till Nearly the last; he Was a frequent Visitant of Ours When We Was at Hull and Many times expressed an Anxious Wish to hear of you all before he died; but We Could get No Intelligence, for him About you; Any More, than We Could get About him for you; when you Made inquiries of Us, in your letters to Us at Woolwich; we found No difficulty in finding him ourselves; when we Went to Hull; and Was Much pleased With his Company at all times. He was a fine Venerable, Handsome looking old Gentleman, to the End. Haveing performed our promise respecting Uncle Pickering; I am About to Ask for an explanation; or reasons Why We have been thus Neglected and treated With Such disrespect in Not getting a line, or Message in reply to 3 Letters We Sent to you before We left Woolwich. It is 13 years, and 6 Months Since you Wrote to us; the Only Word we have ever heard was through John Maud; who told us of the Marrage of Brother Woodall's Daughter - - If I have given an offence; it was Unintentionally and am wholly unconscience of having done so, in any way, that Could Merit 13 years Resentment and Consider it Nothing but right to know what it is - If you think proper to reply, to this you will direct to Us at Eastrington Where We Are Now liveing; We have built Us a New House, on our own property, and are verry comfortable, enjoying excellent Health; with great Cause to be thankful; for that and every blessing – We Conclude With Wishing you to Understand, We Shall Not be Satisfied With a Messuage from, or though Any One, nut a Reason from yourselves – Why you have So Neglected Us.
After this, communications seem to have been re-established.
Mary Hewson, nee Mitchell died in 1899 and is buried at Brampton Cemetery Chinguacousy Twp, Peel County, Ontario.
The Hewsons certainly left an impression on Canada. By 1949, when a big family reunion was held, there were 1200 Hewson descendants in Canada.
N.B. Probate of will of Robert Mitchell of Yokefleet Lodge, farmer, held in East Riding archives. Executor: son William. Beneficiaries: wife Mary; eldest son Robert; daughters Mary Hewson, Jane Mitchell, Sarah Foster and son William. Property: land at Ellerton. Witnesses: William Dinsley, William Johnson, Robert Drinkall junior. Will dated 1 Apr 1837; Probate 14 Nov 1839.
In 1851 Mrs Mary Mitchell, aged 83 and born Aughton, was living at Sandwood House, Spaldington.
Richard Imeson was born at Howden in 1780 and died in 1817 at Drummond, Lanark Co., Ontario. In 1803 he married Elizabeth 'Betty' Fearn, who had been born at Howden in 1784. They emigrated to Canada with their family (Joseph, Charles, Brooks, Harriet and Hannah, all baptised at Howden) before 1817.
There is some evidence that Joseph Imeson and Elizabeth Alcock also emigrated to Drummond Township, Lanark County.
Elizabeth's brother William Fearn and his wife Mary, nee Markham, had a daughter Hannah Fearn, who married Joseph Garbutt at Howden in 1831. They emigrated sometime between 1846 (when their son Joseph Fearn Garbutt was born at Laxton near Howden) and 1849 (when son Charles Thomas Garbutt was born at Pickering, Ontario).
Thomas Nutbrown was baptised in 1786 at Howden. He died in 1858 at Leeds, Quebec, Ontario. His wife was Ann Cottam, who was born at Escrick in 1789 and died in 1866. They were married at Thorganby.
Ten children were baptised at Howden and Eastrington. The family emigrated to Canada around 1830.
William Horsley was born on the 9th June 1809 at Saltmarshe, near Laxton, East Yorkshire.
His father John Horsley worked on the Saltmarshe estate farm, and his mother Judith Tomlinson came from a well-established Saltmarshe family. John Horsley's father was William Horsley Snr., a farm worker and husbandman, and his mother was Sarah Lumby (or Lum); they had married at Howden on the 7th November 1784. Willliam Horsley Snr. originally came from the village of Eastrington, and was one of the many children of John Horsley and Elizabeth Brigham.
Sadly, William's mother Judith died in 1815 and his father John also disappeared (he may have died in 1810). By 1836, William had emigrated to Northumberland Co., Ontario, Canada. He and his wife Jane had six children: Thomas Brigham Horsley, Lyman Henry Horsley, Meloney Allen Horsley, Truman Alonzo Horsley, Clarasey Ann Horsley and John Edward Horsley.
William died on the 19th February 1880 at Murray Township, Northumberland Co., Ontario, Canada.
John was born on the 7th April 1801 in Eastrington, and christened on the 27th April 1807. His father was Francis Proctor. He married Rebecca Hart (who was baptised on the 30th July 1809 at Swinefleet) on 5th September 1829 at Airmyn. The marriage was witnessed by Samuel and Mary Hart.
John Proctor emigrated to the US in 1831. He was listed in the 1871 census at Sarnia, Ontario,Canada.
John Proctor died on the 7th May 1872 in Florence, Ontario, Canada.
He was buried in May 1872 at Butler Cemetery, Florence, Lambton, Ontario, Canada.
Thomas Lee (1781 - 1876) was born at Laxton and married Elizabeth Coates (1790 - 1867) from Cotness at Howden in January 1810.
The family lived in Blacktoft and later Laxton, where Thomas was the village tailor. They had ten children.
Susannnah Lee married Joseph Outhwaite at Holy Trinity, Hull in 1846. They had four known children, at least two of whom were born in Canada. The children were William Lee Outhwaite, Ann Outhwaite, Thomas Joseph Outhwaite (born 1862 in Toronto) and Mary Outhwaite (born Toronto in 1864). Joseph died between 1881 and 1887. In 1887 Susannah remarried to Robert Snead, her brother in law. Susannah died in 1905.
Jane Lee was baptised in 1825 at Laxton. She married Robert Snead (bp. Hook) at Howden in 1845. The couple had ten children. By 1851, they were living at Grimsby, where Robert was working as a general labourer. Sometime either later that year, or the year after, the family emigrated to Canada. A son, George Barnard Snead, was born at Etobicoke Township, York Co., Ontario in 1852. The family was still there in 1861 but by 1881 they were living at Innisfil, Simcoe, South Ontario. Jane died in 1884.
In 1818 Barnabus Bletcher, son of Stephen and Margaret Bletcher of Eastrington, then aged 30, decided to emigrate and begin a new life in Canada. He was accompanied, or joined soon afterwards, by his brother Joseph, his unmarried sister Phoebe, his married sister Ann and her husband Thomas Newcombe and, probably, by his married sister Jane and her husband Thomas Jackson.
Barnabus Bletcher settled on the outskirts of Port Hope, where eventually he ran an inn. His descendants say that he was supposed to have raced horses at York and to have taken with him to Canada a load of thoroughbred horses in the hold of an old sailing ship.
Stephen and Margaret Bletcher had planned to join their children in Canada but Stephen died shortly before they were due to leave. He died in October 1826 aged 72 and, although Margaret did travel to Canada, she died soon after her arrival.
The Bletchers were closely related to John Thompson of Eastrington, who also emigrated to the Port Hope area.
Ann Bletcher married Thomas Newcombe at North Cave in 1815. The witnesses were Robert Horsley, who had married Ann's sister Betty Bletcher; Mahalah Bletcher, Ann's sister; and Jane Bletcher, another sister. Ann and Thomas Newcombe emigrated to Ontario with five children including their eldest, Stephen Bletcher Newcombe (born 1816), as well as Thomas (born 1824), Margaret, Elizabeth and Mary.
Thomas Newcombe and his sons, Thomas and Stephen, built a mill at Orland, Northumberland Co, Ontario. The site of the mill is now part of a conservation area.
Ann Newcombe, nee Bletcher, died in 1877.
John James Thornton was baptised on the 9th January 1787 at Eastrington. On the 6th April 1814 he married Frances Herbert, the widow of William Herbert, at Eastrington.
The family emigrated in 1829 to Ontario.
In 1853 they were living in Durham Co., Ontario. John Thornton died in 1854 at Kirby, Clarke Twp, Durham City, Ontario. Frances died in 1872 at Kirby, Clarke Twp, Durham City, Ontario.
"George J. Thornton, one of the leading contractors and builders of Rockford, Winnebago County, Illinois, is pleasantly domiciled in one of the fine residences of his own building, at No. 414 Whitman Street, and at the head of Grand Avenue and Thomas Street. This is one of the many beautiful spots of the thriving city of Rockford. Since 1881 Mr. Thornton has been a resident of this city. He has attended strictly to his business, winning a just reputation as to his ability as a contractor and builder. He was born in the Province of Ontario, Canada, and his parents, Bowler and Hannah (nee Blackburn) Thornton, were natives of England.
"Bowler Thornton was born in Yorkshire, in 1816, and comes of an old Yorkshire family. He grew to manhood there, and learned the blacksmith trade of his father, John Thornton. In 1829 the family came to America, settled at Port Hope, Province of Ontario, and in Clark Township, of that province, Bowler was united in marriage with Miss Blackburn. She was also a native of Yorkshire, England, born in 1821, and in 1832 she came with her parents, James and Rachel (Ware) Blackburn, who were natives of Yorkshire, to Canada. They settled on a timbered farm in Clark Township, Province of Ontario, and there the parents passed the allotted age of man. Both were prominent members of the Methodist Church. Of their 11 children, Mrs. Thornton was the youngest in order of birth. Her last remaining sister died in the Province of Ontario on 14 Mar 1892.
"After his marriage Mr. Thornton followed blacksmithing for some time, but later engaged in the grain business, and made a fortune at this. He was also actively engaged in merchandising, but soon met with reverses and lost all. In 1865 he came to Illinois and settled in Winnebago County, where he became manager of a sheep and stock farm of 640 acres in Owen Township, know as the L W Owen farm, and received as compensation $65 per month. Three years later he purchased 160 acres of land in that township, and resided on the same, making many improvements, until his death in Aug 1876, when nearly 59 years of age. Although he met with many discouragements and reverses, he was never disheartened, and at his death left a fortune of $12,000. His wife, who is still living and who is 70 years of age, has a comfortable home with a daughter, Mrs. H H Wilcox, in Burritt Township Winnebago County, Illinois. She is a member of the Methodist Church, and her husband was also associated with that church.
"George J. Thornton was one of 11 children, and was seven years old when he came with his parents to Illinois. He remained in Illinois until 17 years of age, and then returned to Canada. Later he entered the Medical Department of the University at Ann Arbor, MI, and then the Chicago Medical School, after which he went West. He had followed the drug business in Canada for some time before going to Ann Arbor, and in 1881, as before mentioned, he returned to Illinois. He was married in Rockford [Winnebago County, Illinois, to Miss Ida J. Corlett, a native of Guilford Township, Winnebago County, where she was reared and educated. Her parents, James and Emma A. (Wood) Corlett, were natives of the Isle of Man and NY State, respectively. Mr. Corlett came to the U. S. with his parents when a child, settling with them in Ohio, and later came to Winnebago County, where he followed farming in Guilford Township. He was first married to Miss Mary A. Von Alstein, who died when a comparatively young woman, leaving four children. His second marriage was with Miss Wood, by whom he became the father of nine children. Mr. Corlett died at his home in Guilford Township, 21 Dec 1885, when 63 years of age. He was a very successful and popular business man, and left at his death an estate valued at $75,000. Mrs. Corlett is a resident of this city, and is now not quite 50 years of age. She resides at No. 412 Whitman Street.
"Mr. and Mrs. Thornton became the parents of two children: Birdie A., who died at the age of about five months, and Bessie A., a bright little girl of six years. Mr. and Mrs. Thornton are members of the Centennial Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Thornton is a Republican in politics. Socially our subject belongs to the Modern Woodmen of America."
Frances Bowler also had a sister, Elizabeth Bowler, who was baptised in 1788 at Eastrington. Before she married, Elizabeth had a daughter Hannah Bowler, who was baptised at Whitgift in 1807. Elizabeth then went on to marry David Wainman.
Hannah Bowler married John Williamson and emigrated to Canada. She died at Markham, Ontario. They had two sons: George, b. 1844, and William, b. 1845 in Canada.
Meanwhile, Hannah's mother Elizabeth Bowler had married David Wainman at Eastrington in 1809. David and Elizabeth Wainman had a large family and lived at Laxton. On the local census, David gave his birthplace as Hive and Elizabeth gave hers as Gilberdyke. There is memorial stone to David and Elizabeth Wainman in Laxton graveyard.
There is some evidence that one of the sons of David and Elizabeth, Emmanuel Wainman (born 1825), emigrated and settled in Orillia, Canada in about 1856.
Abraham Hairsine was born at Drax in 1738 (he died at Faxfleet). He married firstly Tabitha Blanshard, and secondly Rebekah Jubb. Both marriages were at Hemingbrough. Abraham's son, Charles, was born in 1775 from his second marriage.
In 1818 Charles and Mary Hairsine (nee Shipley) emigrated to Canada and settled on 300 acres on Talbot Road, Mersea Township, Essex County, Ontario.
Mary Stephenson, b. April 7 1805, Laxton.
John Stephenson, b. November 1806.
Hannah Stephenson, b. March 05 1809, Blacktoft. Married George Markham.
Jane Stephenson, b. May 8 1811, Howden.
Maria Stephenson, b. August 19 1813, Howden.
Henry Stephenson, b. July 20 1815, Yorkshire. Married Mary.
George Stephenson, b. abt. 1817; d. Australia.
Elizabeth Stephenson, b. September 16 1817, Howden.
Harriet Stephenson, b. May 9 1823, Blacktoft.
Robert Stephenson, b. November 8 1825, Yorkshire; d. 1915, Ontario, Canada.
Of these children, it is thought that John and Robert emigrated to Canada in 1832 and also probably Henry. Family rumour says that George also emigrated - but to Australia, having got on the wrong ship!
"He came to Markham, Ontario, Canada about 1832, at 27 years of age, with his young brother, Robert. He married Abigail Gould (1810 - 1891), Newmarket, Ontario in 1834 Township of Whitechurch, where they farmed and lived about 19 years, then moved to farm near Riverbank, the old homestead, 16th of Peel Township, Wellington County, Queen's Bush. About 35 years later when his wife Abigail died, he went to Arthur, and lived with his daughter Rachel (Mrs. George Hudson), where he died at the age of 86, December 27 1891."
"On Monday, April 15, 1935, Mr. and Mrs. George B. Stephenson of Arthur, Ontario, will celebrate the 68th anniversary of their wedding. They were married in Drayton, Ontario, by the Rev. Ezra Adams, on the 15th of April, 1867, the same year in which the British North American Act was passed. Mrs. Stephenson was Miss Eliza Isaac, daughter of James Isaac of Alma, Ontario, a native of Aberdeen, Scotland, who emigrated to Canada in 1848. Mr. Stephenson in the son of John Stephenson, who came from Yorkshire, England in 1833 and settled first at Uxbridge, Ontario where he married Abigail Gould of Uxbridge and where eight children were born of which Mr. Stephenson is the only one now living. In 1851, they moved to Wellington County where in the Queen's Bush, on the 16th of Peel Township, they cleared some land and erected a log house, later replaced by a fine stone house which is still in good condition. It was to this homestead that Mr. G. B. Stephenson brought his bride in 1876 and where their family was born. After farming about twenty years, they moved to Arthur, where Mr. Stephenson bought a store and carried on a successful business for fifteen years, when he sold out to his son Alfred, who continued the business until the fall of 1934.
whom are blessed with wonderful vitality and are enjoying many interests. We wish them every blessing during the remaining years of their lives."
"Robert Stephenson, a native of Yorkshire, England, came to Peel in 1846, settling on Lot 17 con. 11 east half, the right to which cost him $100.00. This stalwart son of Merrie England has since lived on this homestead and is yet active in his 83rd year. His family: Wm. H. Mrs. Brimblecombe, Drayton, John and Wm. in Dakota, Mrs. John Bruce, Elora, Henry, Bruce Co. Joseph and Mrs. E. Boyle, Toronto, Mrs. John Smith, Alma."
Robert Stephenson died in 1915.
Robert had a son, Wilfrom Hilliard Stephenson (1868 - 1950). Wilfrom was born in Elmira, Ontario and married Mary Louise Anderson of Alma, Ontario. Wilfrom and Mary Stephenson left Elmira in 1909 and moved to Stenon, Saskatchewan to homestead. They had seven children (Reuben, Lorne, Mae, Gladys, Beatrice, Florence and Leslie). I know that Wilfrom had at eight siblings (John, Hannah, Henry, Joseph, Martha and George; and two other sisters . Wilfrom's mother was Susanna Hatter.
Robert and John's brother Henry Stephenson (b.1815) finally settled about three miles from Arkona, Ontario (Plympton?). He owned 100 acres and enjoyed stamp collecting.


The very first ERCI Innovation Awards were hosted by ERCI member Railgrup. The award ceremony took place at BCN Rail 2015 in Barcelona. Winners of the 2015 award were NEWAG S.A. from Poland, Witt Elektronik GmbH from Berlin, Germany and SMTC from France.
Picture: BTS Bahntechnik Sachsen e.V.


We'll spend three days doing different recreational activities in nature. Learn about archery, hiking, fishing, and biking. You must provide your own bike (with helmet) and know how to ride it for bike day. AGE: 9-11 years NOTE: Before and after care is available for this camp. Minimum of 5 campers must be enrolled in before/after care.


WE LIVED ON THE HILL. From our gate we could see far across the valley to the mountain. Everyone called it Terrible Billy though its real name was Mount Terrible. At the foot of the mountain was our town, Werris Creek, just three miles from home. At night we watched the lights sparkling, mainly street lights and those at the loco yards where steam locomotives shunted the freight cars. In summer I slept on the veranda. The night sky shimmered and I heard trains puffing slowly up the valley.
The coal mine was further down our hill, hidden by gum trees. It was small and inconspicuous as pits go, with the boilers beside the rusty corrugated iron shed that confined the steam engine. All day I heard it in the distance, groaning and hissing as it wound the steel rope that heaved the coal skips from the tunnel. I could smell the black coal smoke that billowed from the chimney stack.
We sat in the battered utility truck, my big sister and I, looking out for the pit horses as my father drove down the paddock, jolting along the track as far as the cattle ramp. The tar road started there, a narrow pot-holed strip that went all the way to town beside the railway track. We had to get half off the road if we met a car. Sometimes we saw Tommy Windsor on his tractor, ploughing a paddock, or Mrs. Fred Jones milking her nanny goat in the lucerne patch. Mr. McClelland shuffled out of his old wooden house to close the railway gates across the road. It would be a freight train, perhaps bringing coal from our pit or wheat from the silo. The passenger train didn't come through until lunch time. Occasionally we had to wind up the windows because of the smoke and soot as the locomotive chuffed past. We waved to the driver in his greasy clothes and maybe saw his mate shovelling coal into the furnace.
We ran into the schoolyard and up the slope trying not to trip on the cracked asphalt, but we always had skinned knees painted with orange Mercurochrome. If the boys had rung the bell, we joined the juniors, standing in front of the big kids, ready for assembly. The sun was hot at nine o'clock in the summer. Our headmaster, Mr. Porter, would be on the retaining wall at the edge of the playground with the other teachers. They lined up on either side of the flag pole. The sixth class boy battled with the flag then hauled it up the pole. We saluted, shoulders back, and sang 'God Save the King' for George VI who lived in London on the other side of the world, and 'Advance Australia Fair', or 'There is a land…' but I didn't know the words except for the chorus: 'Australia Australia Austraaaaaaalia'. It made me feel funny in the chest like I was going to cry. We recited the school pledge which to me was a jumble of words, then sang the school song. 'Werris Creek Central School' were the only words I managed to make out. I just sang 'la la la' when I didn't know. Mr. Porter would shout, 'School dismissed!' like they did in the army and we marched away to the crackling sounds of a brass band issuing from the tinny loudspeakers. Sometimes it was 'The British Grenadiers' or 'The Stars and Stripes Forever', other times 'Waltzing Matilda'. 'Swing those arms. Lift those knees. Left right left right.' We marched round the playground and eventually up the wooden steps into school.
In Kindergarten I played in the sand tray with Noah and his animals and drew on a small blackboard with broken chalks, or opened my book and traced the fish with a wobbly line and coloured the hippo with blunt pencils. Then I danced on tippy toes and stomped like the giant, or sang about little nut trees and kookaburras sitting in old gum trees. We all slept on blue mats after lunch then played with big wooden blocks and it was three o'clock and time to go home.
One of the big boys from sixth class ran across the playground and rang the bell at half-past-three. I walked down to the gate with my sister. Her name was Dora. We sat on our school ports or played hopscotch for ages till my father came in the ute. On Tuesdays and Thursdays we walked over to the convent straight after school for piano lessons with Sister Paula. I thumped away at middle-C and Jesus looked on from the wall, with his bleeding heart.
At lunchtime we sat in the school playground on splintery benches. Bees buzzed overhead in the pepper trees. I'd have an apple and Vitawheat biscuits with butter and Vegemite. I squeezed the biscuits together and out through the tiny holes wriggled lots of butter and Vegemite worms. No one else (except my sister) had Vitawheat biscuits with worms. Sometimes I swapped for slabs of white bread and jam or half a cream bun. I didn't tell my mother.
On Fridays we bought lunch from Mrs. Munson at the sandwich shop across the gravel road opposite the school gate. I got a baked bean sandwich or sometimes egg or devon or tinned sardine. In winter it was a pie or sausage roll with tomato sauce. My mother said, 'Now don't you go buying lollies. Buy an apple.' But I just had a big round All-Day-Sucker for a penny instead. It changed colour as I sucked. I took it out often to see what colour it was. Soon my fingers were multi-coloured and sticky. The lolly didn't last all day but sometimes it lasted so long I still had it in my mouth when we went back into school. 'Are you eating?' Miss Barwick would say. If the lolly had shrunk to the size of a small bead, I crunched it between my teeth and swallowed, but sometimes it was too big and I was caught. 'Show me,' she'd say and I'd open my mouth. She'd look disgusted as she peered in. She'd say, 'Put that in the bin!'.
Sometimes I bought pink sherbet instead in a small white paper bag with a short liquorice tube like a straw. The sherbet fizzed as I sucked it in. It made my teeth go pink and my tongue go red and the liquorice made my lips go black and my fingers too. Sometimes I bought a long black liquorice strap. I spent the rest of lunch time chewing on it and pulling faces to scare everyone with my mouth, tongue and teeth all black. Sometimes it was a small paper bag of Conversation Lollies – tuppence worth. They were flat, in different shapes, with a message on top like 'I love you' or 'Be my friend'. I offered them round in the paper bag like a lucky dip.
Mr. Cox was the dentist. He had a moustache and wore a white coat. I went down to the Railway Institute after school with my sister and lined up with the other kids. He was only there on Mondays. His room was tiny like a walk-in closet and there was a big chair like Nippy the barber's. I clambered up and he leant the chair back and said, 'Now open up'. He peered into my mouth with his little round mirror on a stick and his spiky probe. If he found a hole, he said, 'Now this won't hurt,' and he pedalled away with one foot to make the drill turn and I heard a 'whirr whirr' sound like a bicycle. I felt the drill slowly grinding into my tooth. It made a horrible noise in my head. Sometimes I jumped because it hurt but mostly it didn't. He mixed grey stuff on a little glass tray and rammed it in the hole. 'Now have a good rinse,' he'd say and I swilled my mouth out with the pink water and spat in the dish. One day he was poking about in my mouth with his finger and he said, 'Now bite'. He started to remove his finger and I just didn't think. I snapped at his finger because I thought I was going to miss. I bit it – hard. He was very cross but I couldn't see why. He said 'bite' so I bit – and there was nothing else there to bite, only his finger.
It was First Class, when I was six. We sat in desks with curly cast iron legs, lined up in rows facing the blackboard. We kept our books on a shelf under the desk. That was the year I learnt that time extended further back than 'the olden days' when ladies wore long dresses like Scarlett O'Hara and there were coaches and horses like on the biscuit tin. Before that, Miss Kievis said, there were cave men who lived in caves and rubbed sticks together to make fire and didn't wear clothes unless it was cold. Then they wore animal skins. I drew tiny cave men in my book. She didn't mention what came before that. Not a word about dinosaurs. I didn't find out about dinosaurs until I saw them at the pictures, killing the cave men.
The dunnies were across the playground under the pepper trees. There was no roof, just a high corrugated iron wall round the battered wooden cubicles. I could see the sky through the branches above and got wet when it rained. It was the same in the boys' only they had a urinal as well. Mr. Porter said at morning assembly that the boys had to stop peeing right up the walls. The bees roared in the trees but the blow flies roared even louder. I ran in holding my breath because of the smell. I tried not to look down into the sanican underneath the wooden seat because there were masses of maggots writhing, especially when there was a heat wave.
The nightcart turned up when the cans were full. Sometimes it arrived when we were in the playground. We watched from a distance as the big filthy boy took each slopping can on his shoulder out to the truck and returned with an empty one. We held our noses and said 'pooooh' and the sixth class boys jeered and laughed until the job was done and the old truck revved up and disappeared down the lane. The new cans reeked of Phenol and for a few days there were no maggots.
Sometimes there were squares of cut up newspaper hanging on a rusty nail behind the wooden cubicle door but more often there was no paper at all. We could bring some from home. If we ran out, or forgot to get it from our school port before coming out at recess or lunch time, we weren't allowed back inside to fetch it. We scouted round the garbage bins to find some, maybe old lunch wrap or something, and the blow flies buzzed and swarmed round. We washed our hands outside, under the tap over by the weather shed – cold water, no soap, but we could bring that from home too. I had a little bag for my soap. I kept it in my pocket, together with some paper and a handkerchief. But some kids had nothing; they didn't even have shoes.
In Second Class our reading book was full of animals like the platypus, the wombat, the dingo and the kangaroo but I struggled with the words. And there was the Race for the Stars, a big chart on the wall with everyone's name. 'If you do good work you'll get more stars,' Miss Beavis said. But everyone else was getting lots of stars; I didn't know why I wasn't getting many. And they won prizes but I didn't get any. That was the year Dora and I learnt a piano duet from 'Teaching Little Fingers to Play'. I had the bottom part. Mum said we weren't playing loud enough, but we played so loudly on the night of the open-air concert, the nuns said they could hear us at the convent, and that was over beyond the Presbyterian church.
When I was seven I saw something remarkable through the small square panes of the Second Class window. It was a jet trail. I'd not seen one before. It was far up in the blue sky like a streaky cloud, so high I could barely make out the plane in front, just a tiny glint in the sunshine and the trail growing longer like toothpaste coming out of a tube. Robert sat at the desk beside me. He said it was a jet trail because he'd seen one in Life Magazine and a jet plane too, and on the newsreel at the pictures. We rarely saw planes in our skies. If we saw one when we were in the playground, we waved and shouted to the pilot but he probably couldn't hear. They were small planes with propellers. Once we even saw a helicopter. The day we saw that jet trail, Robert said, 'It's the Russians coming,' but we didn't tell Miss Beavis because we were supposed to be getting on with our work. We'd heard grown-ups talking about the war and the Germans and the Japs but that war was over and my uncles were all back home. Now it was the cold war and the communists with their hammers and sickles and the Russians who made trouble with the Berlin blockade, whatever that was.
Mr. Muir owned the cafe opposite the pedestrian bridge that went over the railway to the train station. My father said Mr. Muir was a red hot communist. I didn't know what a communist was. We sometimes spent time in the cafe talking to old Mr. and Mrs. Muir and their son, Kevin, after my father collected us from school. Kevin had a girl friend called Daphne who was the waitress. She wore a white apron and cap. My father talked and laughed with Daphne as he leant on the Laminex counter, but they didn't talk about hammers and sickles. I'd have ice cream in a fluted glass dish with sticky strawberry topping, crushed nuts and a wafer triangle, and maybe a malted milkshake with a straw, to fill in the time.
One day I wandered out to the back room. There were heaps of newspapers stacked on a shelf. They had strange letters and words printed on them and photos of soldiers and tanks parading through crowded streets, and fat old women wearing overcoats and headscarves in the snow. 'Can I take this home to show Mum?' I asked Mr. Muir, waving a paper at him. When I got home, my mother said, 'A Russian newspaper! Where on earth did you get that?' It was only an old newspaper with foreign writing but she thought it was something to do with this cold war. She told my father he shouldn't be going to Muir's cafe. He just laughed. 'Half the blokes at the pit are bloody commos,' he said. 'They're always waving the red flag.' But I didn't see any red flags.
Third Class was my last year at the Werris Creek School. I was eight and I had a crush on Ken Hays. His father owned the dairy. I posted him a letter during the Easter holidays but he didn't answer. He pretended not to see me when we went back to school. At the end of the year Miss Barwick had some of us line up in the playground. She photographed us with her Box Brownie camera. She said we were her shining stars.
We'd learnt about explorers. They mostly got lost in the desert or died of thirst or were speared by Aboriginal people. Nobody mentioned all the Aboriginal people killed by white settlers in those early days. I didn't even see this at the pictures though I saw lots of American Indians being killed by cowboys, and we all cheered. Gloria was in my class. She was an Aboriginal girl. Her skin was like chocolate. She had a big smile and gleaming white teeth. My father said her father was lucky because he worked on the railway and they lived in a railway house down near the loco yards. Other Aboriginal people weren't so lucky.
On Saturday afternoons we went with our friends to the pictures in town. We called it the matinee. We sat at the back and ate red Jaffas full of chocolate, or Minties or sometimes it was Fantails which were chocolate coated toffees. My sister saved the wrappers because they had things on them about the film stars. There were hardly any grown-ups, just children. The lights went out suddenly and we cheered as the curtains opened because we saw Hoppalong Cassidy riding Silver, and the Mexican bandits hiding behind boulders. Then Hoppalong was galloping across the desert after the baddies and we shouted 'Come on Hoppalong' and stamped our feet with all the kids and jumped up and down, raising the dust from the bare floor boards while Jaffas rolled under the seats. Some man would yell, 'Pipe down you kids' and we went quiet for a while. Then we were laughing at Felix the Cat, or Tom chasing Jerry, in colour. Next we saw the serial with robbers stealing the treasure and falling into the snake pit or sinking in quicksand or being trapped in a cave with moving walls covered in spikes that slowly closed in. Just as the heroine was about to be impaled, the screen seemed to flash open and the voice said, 'Don't miss the next thrilling episode of – The Drawn Dagger', or whatever it was. We came out of the pictures so excited and I had nightmares for weeks about snake pits or boiling oil.
On hot summer nights we went to the open-air picture show which had a neon sign over the entrance. It said 'Talkies' in red but the 'T' often didn't light up so it said 'alkies'. That sign was old then, at least from the Thirties, my father said, and it was now the Fifties. The theatre was surrounded by a high battered corrugated iron fence with the silver screen at one end and the corrugated iron entrance door and ticket office at the other. There was a dirt floor and we sat in deck chairs under the stars with our parents. The big kids came with their friends.
There were pepper trees round the perimeter. When I was bored with the film or there was too much kissing, I looked up at the black velvet sky and saw the Milky Way and shooting stars or maybe looked for the Southern Cross, or watched the possums clambering in the branches overhead. I heard the puffing locomotive's whistle and the crash of the freight cars being shunted in the loco yards.
Sometimes the projector broke down and a few electric lights came on at the back. We talked to our friends and ate tiny pink musks or got fruit flavoured Jujubes stuck to the rooves of our mouths while we waited. Kids ran up and down the aisles until the lights went off and the film started up again. The picture show man flashed his torch to make the naughty boys sit down.
Once I was unlucky because the old canvas seat started to rip. My bottom sank through and my knees ended up level with my eyes and someone had to pull me out. I watched the scary movies between my fingers so I could cover my eyes if I couldn't stand it, like when King Kong was climbing the Empire State Building in black and white. I cried at the end of 'Goodbye Mr Chips' with Greta Garbo. Everyone cried in 'Lassie Come Home' and when Bambi's mother was killed in that fire, and it wasn't in black and white – it was colour.
Really enjoyed Elizabeth's story as it had some common themes of my own childhood.
This is a wonderfully written story. It goes right back into the child's experiences and describes them with accuracy and humor. Utterly charming and most enjoyable to read.
Grace and Aleit-Marei – Thank you both for your comments. There's nothing quite like the small town of childhood, is there.
Werris Creek is so different today . I climbed terrible billy some years ago now.


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Drilled Well in Sierra Leone
Serabu Village, Sierra Leone
Serabu is a village in the Bumpe Ngao Chiefdom in the Bo District of Sierra Leone. Located in the Southern District of Sierra Leone, it is one ofthemost under-developed areas of the Country with a population of 4,300. The well drilled has supported approximately 1,000 people that surround each of the wells. Since this area is considered a tropical rain forest, it is rift with diseases such as malaria, typhoid, cholera, diarrhea and a multitude of fevers. Without medical care, the chance of survival is minimal.
In 2005, the Southern Eye Clinic of Serabu was established, offering the most modern eye care and surgical center in all of Sierra Leone. The Clinic provides diagnostic examinations, medicines, eye glasses and modern eye surgery free of charge to all patients. It is not uncommon for patients to walk several days to reach Serabu for their eye care needs. It was the Southern Eye Clinic that made Global Water aware of the need for clean water in the village of Serabu.
Prior to this project, community members of Serabu Village would access unprotected hand dug wells and open ditches, like the one shown in the photo to the right. Water was not treated for microbial contamination (bacteria and viruses). Women and children have the responsibility to fetch water for the family, which can take several hours everyday and require walking long distances to find water depending on the time of year.
Microbial diseases cause diarrheal symptoms, which if persistent can cause death. This is especially true with young children who do not have a strong immune system to fight off the invading microbes. Therefore, the health of the community is dependent on a clean water source and sanitation facilities.
Because of this project, everyone now has access to clean water at centralized locations in thevillage. Clean water will make this community healthier, especially effecting young children who are most susceptible to illness due to their fragile immune systems. A covered well will be protected from future contamination. Training on sanitation and hygiene will also be provided to the village members through the Southern Eye Clinic.
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HomeDigit NewsIPL's total valuation skyrocketed in just 2 years, 'Decacorn' made by showing...
IPL's total valuation skyrocketed in just 2 years, 'Decacorn' made by showing huge growth of 75%
IPL Valuation: People's craze for Indian Premier League ie IPL is not hidden from anyone. Big news has come about IPL, one of the biggest events of the sports world. Its total valuation has crossed $10 billion and it has achieved the status of Decacorn. Getting to this point so quickly can be a dream for any startup but it is not so in the case of IPL. It has created an ecosystem worth $10.9 billion within 15 years of its completion, which is no mean feat.
D&P Advisory released the report
In fact, a consulting firm named D&P Advisory has done this research and has told that the valuation of IPL which was $6.2 billion in the year 2020 has come to $10.9 billion by the year 2022 with a tremendous increase of 75 per cent. Adding 75 percent growth to its valuation in just two years has been seen very rarely in the history of sports. After this it has got the title of Decacorn i.e. a business whose valuation has crossed $10 billion. D&P Advisory has revealed this in its report named 'Beyond 22 Yards'.
IPL achieves even higher growth in rupees
Where IPL showed 75 percent growth in US dollar terms in 2 years, while in rupee terms, it is seen to achieve 90 percent growth.
If its growth is seen on the basis of constant currency, then it has come close to $12 billion. However, due to the fall of the currency, its total value in front of the dollar has seen a decline of about 10-12 percent, which has been seen this year in the form of IPL media rights. Santosh N, Managing Partner, D&P India Advisory Services has this to say.
IPL rights auctioned for next 5 years
In this year's IPL media rights auction, Disney Star got TV rights for Rs 23,575 crore and Viacom18 got digital rights for which they spent Rs 23,758 crore. Apart from this, the total valuation of IPL will be 94 matches instead of 74 in the next cycle, which will earn BCCI heavily in the form of higher ticket rates, central sponsorship deals and other revenue. These media rights have been sold for the next 5 years i.e. from 2023 to 2027.


Dig out that umbrella – it's officially wet out!
We hope you had a spooky Halloween giving candy out or just eating it yourself – we're not here to judge!
With the new year just around the corner, now is a great time to firm up any professional development plans you may have for 2019.
We have three exciting Master's cohorts, and three timely and relevant online MOOCs to check out. And a reminder that our certificates in Early Childhood Education and the Master of Educational Technology both have upcoming application deadlines in early November. Don't miss your chance to take part!
Details below on our November offerings.
Not ready to commit to the MET master's program? Don't worry! There are also two online certificates, both of which can later transition into the MET master's degree.
Love working with kids? Become an early childhood educator!
With the recent commitment to universal childcare in British Columbia, there is a need for qualified Early Childhood Educators.
Allows students to work with young children in an early childhood setting, under the supervision of a qualified Early Childhood Educator.
Provides students with a basic foundation of the knowledge and skills needed to work in early childhood educational settings, as a qualified Early Childhood Educator.
*Excluding practica, which will take place in early childhood settings.
Integrating three streams of study into the classroom – Health, Outdoor and Physical Education.
A partnership program with CityStudios Vancouver with a hands-on focus on solving real-world problems.
Issues in early childhood research, theory, and practice.
Engage with Indigenous knowledge keepers, educational leaders, and resources to enhance your understanding of practices that advance reconciliation.
This course will help you envision how Indigenous histories, perspectives, world views, and approaches to learning can be made part of the work we do in classrooms, organizations, communities, and our everyday experiences in ways that are thoughtful and respectful. In this course, reconciliation emphasizes changing institutional structures, practices, and policies, as well as personal and professional ideologies to create environments that are committed to strengthening our relationships with Indigenous peoples.
*You can still register and catch up on course content up to three weeks after course start date!
Fully online, self-guided resources to help teacher candidates and current teachers develop and expand their mental health literacy.
National surveys report that about 70% of Canadian teachers identify a need for more knowledge about mental health and mental illness, yet most Faculties of Education do not have a comprehensive mental health literacy curriculum resource. This online, self-paced resource addresses that gap. Pre-service and current teachers can take this 7-module course in its entirety, or simply the modules they are most interested in. Faculties of Education are welcome to use these resources to support their course and/or discussions on mental health in the same way.
A self-guided, online, classroom-ready mental health curriculum resource for teachers.
In this course, educators will learn how to apply this classroom-ready, web-based, modular mental health curriculum resource as well as upgrade their own mental health literacy. Educators can then use this curriculum resource in their schools to successfully address mental health related curriculum outcomes designed to be delivered by usual classroom teachers to students in Grades 7–12.
Experience, explore, and present the world in a new way!
Over the course of three mornings, this UBC Spring Institute will guide you through the steps to shoot, edit, and share 360-degree videos. You will learn the basics of narrative storytelling and how to think like a director in this new medium. You will translate your ideas into a script and then an actual storyboard. Using the storyboard, you will work in teams to shoot and edit your own videos.
Delivering a variety of relevant professional development options that will add value to, and increase your expertise in, a chosen specialization.
This virtual space is designed as a resource blog to facilitate technology integration for pre-service and in-service teachers, post-secondary instructors and anyone interested in integrating educational technologies into their own context.
It is an openly available site and all of the materials are under a creative commons share alike with attribution license. Please use, share, adapt and feel free to share back!
Connect with Professional Development & Community Engagement in the Faculty of Education. We're here to support you in your professional development goals.


Backups are central to the ability to recover from a disaster and there are important points to remember when considering a backup plan.
The most important detail when it comes to backup storage, is security.
Backing up to a USB hard disk may be easy, but what is the point if your computer is infected by cryptolocker and your whole backup is encrypted? Rotating disks and doing a full back up each time would however prevent this scenario.
Backup to secured network attached storage is a good option, but make sure that it is secured by a password known only to the backup software.
Tape rotation is also a good option since tapes are generally only accessible by the backup software.
Of course physical security remains important. If someone can pick up your backup device and walk off with it this is also a problem to be considered.
Cloud backups are a good option when it comes to security, but the problem with cloud backups is the length of time it takes to restore a full data set. If your company has a couple of terabytes of data, restoring it from a cloud backup will take some time.
When considering what needs to be backed up, the answer is not always obvious. Most businesses nowadays rely heavily on emails, both for day to day business and as a history of past communications and so it is important to include this in your backup plan.
SQL type databases are always open and so either an agent is required to back up the database or software which is able to "snapshot" the database.
Standard data, like documents, picture and videos are what people generally want to include in their backup and sometime forget about the other important components of their computer, network or storage.
Last but not least is a system backup. I lot of important data is included in the operating system of servers. There may be active directory data, DNS, DHCP, DFS and other services that are all important in a business network that may need to be restored in the case of a disaster.
There are three different type of backup. They are Full backup, Differential backup and incremental backups.
A full backup is as it says, a full backup of all the data. For obvious reasons this type of backup takes the longest. This is the quickest to restore from but also takes up the most space.
A differential backup is a backup of all data added or modified since the last full backup. It uses less space and takes a bit longer than an incremental backup. When restoring only the last differential containing the required data and the full backup are used.
An incremental backup is a backup of all data that has been added or modified since the last full or incremental backup. It uses the least space and takes the least amount of time to run. When restoring from an incremental backup, all backups are accessed up to the backup containing the data to be restored. This means that one missing or corrupt incremental backup in the line could prevent a restore.
Deciding which is appropriate for the situation requires some thought.
When it comes to backup software, they are not all the same. Below are important points to take into account when deciding on which software you are going to use. As with Anti-Virus software in most cases you get what you pay for.
Reporting and alerting – It is important that the software can send you reports and alerts. There is no point in having an automated system which is failing and you only find out when you need to restore your data that you have no backup.
Some backup software will save your system backup in an image file which can be directly mounted with Virtual hosts. This may be very handy when time is of the essence and you need to get up and running again in the shortest possible time.
Call PBIT today on 07 5631 4365 to discuss the best backup and disaster recovery solution to ensure your business continuity.