Do you have a wedding coming up? Are you the bride or a guest? Do you need a beautiful dress for that special moment in your life? Homecoming, Birthday Celebration, Prom, Engagement Party, Holiday Celebration… you name it! I think you should check out Aviva Dress. When Zoe contacted me to write about Aviva Dress, of course, I had to pay a quick visit to their website and I was pleased to see the variety of dresses and accessories that they offer! The dresses, the headpieces, the jewelries… Everything was so beautiful, I couldn't stop browsing! It was an even bigger enchantment when I noticed how affordable the dresses were. You probably already know that I love beautiful pieces and dresses. Well, who doesn't ? 🙂 . But when I can score such beautiful finds at affordable prices, I like to do my happy dance, or sing my "hallelujah!"… Ok, maybe not 🙂 . So today I present to you… Aviva Dress!
Coucou les amis! – Pour toutes vos occasions spéciales, ne cherchez pas loin! Je vous présente aujourd'hui Aviva Dress! Une compagnie qui s'est introduite récemment a moi! Bien évidemment, j'ai eu a faire un tour sur leur site web et je fus agréablement surprise de contaster les belles robes et magnifiques accessoires qu'ils offrent, et tenez-vous bien, les prix sont bien abordables! Du coup, je fus séduite!
I love the intriguing detail on this one!
I want to thank Zoe for getting in touch with me and introducing me to her store. Aviva Dress is a company based in Asia and they ship worldwide. I'll definitely start buying from them and I anticipate a good experience! Visit their website Here and see for yourself!
Disclaimer: Compensation was provided to review the Aviva dress website and write this post, but all opinions are my own.
TGIF - Walk in the park.
Previous Post TGIF – Walk in the park.
Very nice site with some beautiful choices! Love that burgundy dress.
I just love all of these dresses, the bridesmaid's dresses are lovely.


A 'miracle' super nan who has helped hundreds of families get their children sleeping through the night has revealed the secret of her success - ditching the dummy.
Christine Treharne, 76, claims she can get even the most difficult children to sleep using her tried and tested techniques.
She has been labelled a 'miracle worker' by parents who have benefited from her skills and is so good she set up her own business, 'Goodnight Baby'.
She has already helped around 300 families in around Devon over seven years and is also now offering advice to parents in Sweden and Portugal.
Christine has over 30 years experience working with children and was a health visitor for 25 years and follows a strict formula she claims always works.
She said: "The baby should be aware of which is day and night, there aren't any grey areas.
"You have to make a definitive break between morning and night.
"I always think dummies are a parent's worst enemy because the dummies can fall out at 2am, causing the baby to cry and then you're scrambling around in the dark for the dummy."
Parents who call Christine will normally receive a home visit if they are within 20 miles of Ivybridge, Devon, to highlight the problems such as temperature, layout or routine.
A unique and personalised sleep plan is then created around the families day to day life.
Christine added: "I explain what to do in the evening and what to do if the baby wakes up.
"I also ask parents to phone me and let me know how they're getting on after and they are welcome to contact me months later if they need help again."
Christine says she has a 98 per cent success rate and charges £60 for the package and offers a money back guarantee if not successful.
She added: "I think most people are skeptical but they've just got to try it out, there's a money back guarantee if they are not happy.
"You are giving your baby a very precious gift, sleep is so important and so valuable."
Lauren Collins used the service with her daughter Taryn two years ago and said she "did not think Goodnight baby would work".
Lauren said: "Christine was absolutely lovely and did not judge, she set up a plan for us to follow and whilst it was tricky to start with, I could not thank her enough.
"She changed our lives and made us very happy parents and made our baby one happy girl too."
Within the first 24 hours Lauren started to see improvements in her then one-year-old's routine and within 48 hours Taryn slept a full 12 hours and has done ever since.
Lauren, who lives in Saltash, Cornwall, said: "We used to put her up to bed and she would be back awake and up and down the stairs with us during the evening with us unable to settle her.
"She also would not nap during the day for longer than 20 minutes. I did not think Goodnight Baby would work for us, friends recommended Christine and I was a little dubious paying out for help and felt I may be judged.
"I always highly recommend Christine and plenty of friends have used her since and all had success!
"I have kept the plan and would certainly follow it again if I was to have another child."
4 - "Reclaim" your bed- don't let children sleep in your room.
6 - Make sure you spend quiet quality time with your child before bed- especially in older children.


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(JTA) — New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo signed an executive order against the anti-Israel Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions Movement.
The order signed Sunday, hours before the start of New York's annual Celebrate Israel Parade, will require state agencies to divest themselves of companies and organizations aligned with the BDS movement.
New York is the first state in which the governor has taken executive action against the BDS movement. Several state legislatures have passed anti-BDS legislation, including Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa and South Carolina. In total, 21 states have taken up anti-BDS legislation.
Cuomo, a Democrat, criticized elements of his party that have taken stands perceived as being against Israel.


text:
The 1962–63 Southern Football League season was the 60th in the history of the league, an English football competition.

Cambridge City won the championship, whilst Hastings United, Hinckley Athletic, Margate and Nuneaton Borough were all promoted to the Premier Division. Seven Southern League clubs applied to join the Football League at the end of the season, but none were successful.

Premier Division
After Oxford United were elected to the Football League at the end за the previous season, the Premier Division consisted of 21 clubs, including 17 clubs from the previous season and four new clubs, promoted from Division One:
Dartford
Poole Town
Rugby Town
Wisbech Town

At the end of the season, Bexleyheath & Welling changed name to Bexley United.

League table

Division One
Division One consisted of 20 clubs, including 16 clubs from the previous season and four new clubs, relegated from the Premier Division:
Cheltenham Town
Folkestone Town
King's Lynn
Tonbridge

At the end of the season, Tunbridge Wells United changed name to Tunbridge Wells Rangers.

League table

Football League elections
Alongside the four League clubs facing re-election, a total of 12 non-League clubs applied for election, including seven Southern League clubs. All four League clubs were re-elected.

References
RSSF – Southern Football League archive

Southern Football League seasons
S

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


30 Luxury Closetmaid Cube Shelf. cube storage closetmaid, cube storage from closetmaid is the perfect solution for your storage and organization needs find cubeicals fabric drawers adjustable cubes and more. Tag : closetmaid cube accessories, closetmaid decorative storage cube unit bookcase, closetmaid 6 cube organizer espresso, closetmaid cube bins, closetmaid four cube, closetmaid cube fabric drawers, closetmaid 2 cube bench, closetmaid cube bench, closetmaid three cube storage bench, closetmaid cube storage unit, 30 Luxury Closetmaid Cube Shelf.
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– The kids for starters !
– Water bottle, boots, jumper in case it's cold, your favorite mug full of coffee, or some loose change for the coffee shop just metres from the ground.
Come along for a fun loving Sunday. I know its an early wake up for a Sunday but nothings better then whilst the kids are preoccupied with the great game of AFL you can enjoy a nice cup of coffee and a chat with parents.


text:
Pulitzer Prize-Winning Author Larry McMurtry Dies
McMurtry's work include the prize-winning novel "Lonesome Dove," as well as films like "Terms Of Endearment," "Brokeback Mountain" and "The Last Picture Show."
By Jamie Stengle, AP
Jake Gyllenhaal Says Heath Ledger Turned Down Oscars Over 'Brokeback Mountain' Joke
The actor said his late co-star "refused" to participate in an opening monologue that poked fun at the film's gay love story.
Cole Delbyck
Jake Gyllenhaal Says Heath Ledger Had No Time For 'Brokeback Mountain' Homophobia
The "Spider-Man: Far From Home" actor said his "Brokeback" co-star, who died in 2008, "would never joke" about the gay romance at the heart of their film.
Curtis M. Wong
Brat Pitt And Leonardo DiCaprio Could Have Been In 'Brokeback Mountain'
Gus Van Sant, initially approached to direct the film, said a long list of A-listers turned down roles in the movie.
Elyse Wanshel
Gay NCAA Athlete Makes Moving Short Film About Gay Athlete Falling In Love
By Outsports, Outsports
Ryan Beene's "In The Dark" features a gay college athlete falling in love for the first time.
By Ryan Beene, Outsports
Was Pedro Almodóvar's Take On 'Brokeback Mountain' Too Hot For Hollywood?
The Spanish director said his version would've had "more sex."
Is the Bromance Over Between Joe Scarborough and Trump?
Lev Raphael
Jake Gyllenhaal Opens Up About Heath Ledger's Death
Julia Brucculieri

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Different results in Python and C++ when computing SHA-1 digest I get different results when trying to compute SHA-1 digest in Python and C++.
Python code:
import hashlib

salt = 0xF0C020D239062F875C7BD8FB218D8102C9B37656F653E8DF0C655EF2D4A0CB61
password = 'pass1'

m = hashlib.sha1()
m.update( bytearray.fromhex(hex(salt)[2:-1]) )
m.update( password )

print m.hexdigest()
# output: e92f9504b2d46db0af7732c6e89e0260e63ae9b8

I extracted from the C++ code a snippet:
BigNumber salt, x;
Sha1Hash xhash;
uint8 password[] = "pass1";

// salt is received from a network packet (32 bytes)
// 2014-08-16 16:06:37 --> salt=F0C020D239062F875C7BD8FB218D8102C9B37656F653E8DF0C655EF2D4A0CB61
salt.SetBinary(lc.salt, 32);

xhash.UpdateData(salt.AsByteArray(), salt.GetNumBytes());
xhash.UpdateData(password, sizeof(password) - 1);
xhash.Finalize();

x.SetBinary(xhash.GetDigest(), xhash.GetLength());
logdebug("--> x=%s", x.AsHexStr());
// output: E5B463090B335BBC734BD3F4683F310E87ED6E4A

How must I modify my Python code to have the same results as in C++?

A: You use different endiness in C++ and python. So you have to reverse the bytes of your salt in python.
import hashlib

salt = 'F0C020D239062F875C7BD8FB218D8102C9B37656F653E8DF0C655EF2D4A0CB61'.decode('hex')
password = 'pass1'

m = hashlib.sha1()
m.update( salt[::-1] )
m.update( password )

print m.hexdigest()
# output: 4a6eed870e313f68f4d34b73bc5b330b0963b4e5 <- the reversed of the C++ result

A: SHAs are specifications, hence some initial state can be implementation dependent.
I suggest to use the very same implementation if you need to compare Python and C++ codes.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Воро́незький зака́зник, повна офіційна назва Держа́вний приро́дний зака́зник федера́льного зна́чення «Воро́незький» () — загальнозоологічний заказник, розташований у Воронезькій області Росії. Заснований 11 квітня 1958 року. Площа становить 22 999,7 га. Заказник створений задля охорони місцевих тварин, збереження їхніх оселищ, міграційних шляхів, а також для екологічного моніторингу і просвіти.

Охоронювана територія обіймає частини Рамонського і Новоусманського районів Воронезької області та Залізничного району міста Воронеж. На півночі заказник межує із кордонами Воронезького заповідника, якому він адміністративно підпорядкований. На сході та південному сході до заказника прилягає зелена приміська зона, на півдні і заході — угіддя, відповідно, новоусманських і рамонських сільгосппідприємств. З точки зору фізичної географії заказник лежить на західному краї Оксько-Донської рівнини, тому рельєф його теренів згладжений. Ландшафти лісові, оскільки ця природоохоронна територія охоплює південну частину Усманського бору — найбільшого соснового масиву області. Через заказник протікає річка Воронеж.

Головними об'єктами охорони виступають хохуля руська, бобер європейський, сарна, олень благородний, лось тощо. Усі перелічені звірі здавна є об'єктами мисливства, а хохуля до того ж є реліктом післяльодовикової доби. Крім них у Воронезькому заказнику охороняють цінних промислових риб.

Джерела

Природоохоронні об'єкти, засновані 1958
Загальнозоологічні заказники Воронезької області


text:
Q: Folder in sdcard0 invisible and unable to delete I am using a Samsung NEXUS with Android 4.2.1. Today I deleted a folder that was created by an app that I developed. The app has been working fine until this for months. I manually deleted the folder (through ES3 file explorer app) for testing something. This did not give any error messages from Android and I thought it worked like any delete. However, I am not able to create THIS folder manually or through code anymore. Any other folder can be created and deleted either way.
File f = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), "myfolder");

System.out.println(f.mkdirs());
System.out.println(f.exists());

Both prints false.
Through the adb shell tried the following.
mkdir myfolder
mkdir failed for myfolder, File exists

However ls does not list myfolder
rmdir myfolder
rmdir failed for myfolder, No such file or directory

Any idea why this is happening or the way out would be highly appreciated.
Thanks in Advance.

A: To create a directory you can use the following code:

File dir = new File("path/to/your/directory");
try{
  if(dir.mkdir()) {
     System.out.println("Directory created");
  } else {
     System.out.println("Directory is not created");
  }
}catch(Exception e){
  e.printStackTrace();
}

To delete an empty directory, you can use this code:
boolean success = (new File("your/directory/name")).delete();
if (!success) {
   System.out.println("Deletion failed!");
}

To delete a non-empty directory, you can use this code:

public static boolean deleteDir(File dir) {
    if (dir.isDirectory()) {
        String[] children = dir.list();
        for (int i=0; i<children.length; i++) {
            boolean success = deleteDir(new File(dir, children[i]));
            if (!success) {
                return false;
            }
        }
    }

    return dir.delete();
}

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
Original Answer here http://stackoverflow.com/a/5693077/2931489

Try this answer

if (!sdcarddir.exists())
   sdcarddir.mkdir();

Check in all folders by doing this...

String[] myDirectories = {"","",""......}; // your list of directories

for (String directory : myDirectories ) {
  File file = new File(directory);
   if(file.exists() && file.isDirectory())
      // Do something you have found your directory

}

Or try this..

File f = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/somedir");
if(f.isDirectory()) {
   ....
}

else .... Make directory

A: Restarted the tablet and the issue disappeared. Must have been a platform issue!


Quinoa is an American cereal and it is turning out to be fashionable in the world due to its high nutritional worth. There is a recipe of the chocolate quinoa cake to serve your taste buds as well as health. It is healthily rich and easy to make recipe which the whole family would like. Keep on reading to learn how to make quinoa chocolate cake at home.
Quinoa is cooked in milk on medium heat (so as not to spill the milk).
When cooked for about 20 minutes, add the butter to melt. Let the mixture cool until it is reaches at the room temperature.
Process the mixture in a blender with the eggs.
Place this mixture into a bowl and add the remaining ingredients. Make sure that you combine everything well.
Now keep it into a lightly floured oven for 35-40 minutes at 180° C (350° F).
To find out if you are ready, use the toothpick trick.
The ideal companion for this cake is, of course, a glass of cold milk, so serve it with milk.


text:
The Bolsa Floresta Program (Programa Bolsa Floresta PBF) is a program run by the Amazonas Sustainability Foundation in the state of Amazonas, Brazil, to encourage conservation of forests through sustainable use. It provides direct financial assistance and indirect support to the residents of sustainable use protected areas of Brazil in exchange for their engaging in conservation measures.

History

The Amazonas Sustainability Foundation (Fundação Amazonas Sustentável: FAS) is a private NGO based in Manaus, Amazonas, that promotes environmental conservation through sustainable development in state conservation units. It is a partnership between the government of the state of Amazonas and Banco Bradesco.
The FAS was created in December 2007 to manage environmental products and services from State conservation units, and manage the Bolsa Floresta program.
It is funded by affiliated NGOs, government bodies and private individuals and enterprises.
Most of the funding comes from private sources such as Coca-Cola, Samsung, Grupo Abril and Marriott International.

The Bolsa Floresta Program (Programa Bolsa Floresta: PBF)  has its origins in the Zona Franca Verde initiatives launched in 2003 by  The Amazonas State Secretariat of the Environment and Sustainable Development (SDS) to promote sustainable use of natural resources in order to increase the environmental benefits of the forests.
The SDS initiated the program in September 2007 and assigned it to the FAS in March 2008.
Bolsa Floresta is the main FAS program.
The main funding comes from Bradesco and the Amazon Fund, which is supported by the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES) and the Government of Norway.
Deforestation is monitored annually by the FAS, SDS, and analysis of satellite images by partner organisations.

Participation

The Bolsa Floresta program, which is voluntary, involves families living along the rivers within state-run conservation units in Amazonas.
The initial focus on conservation units is due to the availability of an existing legal framework. It is planned is to later extend the program to other areas.
The formal income of most of the eligible families would place them at the extreme poverty level.
However, this is raised considerably after accounting for the value of slash-and-burn cultivation of cassava, hunting, fishing and collection of forest products.

The program provides social benefits and support for community associations in return for participation in workshops on environmental services, commitment not to open new areas of cultivation in the primary forest, and permanent enrolment of children in school.
The basic goal is to improve the quality of life by valuing the standing forest.
Bolsa Floresta imposes slightly more stringent rules than those set out in the conservation unit management plans.
The family must join the reserve association and pay the association fee, must send their children to school, cannot increase the area under cultivation and can only clear secondary growth for crop rotation.
However, enrolment in Bolsa Floresta by eligible families is close to 100%.

By the end of 2008, the program covered the Uatumã, Mamirauá, Piagaçu-Purus, Uacari and Cujubim sustainable development reserves and the Catuá-Ipixuna Extractive Reserve.
There were plans to extend the program by 2010 to also include Maués State Forest, the Amanã, Juma, Rio Madeira, and Rio Amapá sustainable development reserves and the  Rio Gregório Extractive Reserve.
As of 2016 the program was operating in fifteen conservation units covering a total of more than .
Of these the Juma Sustainable Development Reserve was a certified REDD+ initiative and the other fourteen were in the REDD+ readiness phase.

Program components

The program has four components: income, family, association and social.
The income component of the program supports sustainable income-generation activities including local processing of products to add value, ecotourism, fish farming, natural honey production and breeding of small livestock.
The family component gives a small monthly payment of R$50 (US$30) to each household in exchange for a commitment to preserve the forest.
The stipend is paid to the mothers of families who live in conservation units as a reward for conserving the forest.
The association component provides funds to associations of residents of the reserves, who may freely decide how they want to use the funds.
The association component, which aims to strengthen community organisation and control of the program, is equal to about 10% of the family component.

The social component, coordinated with government institutions, improves education, sanitation, health, communications and transport infrastructure.
Health is seen as an essential part of the program, since the other benefits have limited value if not accompanied by improved health.
The program works with other state and private organisations to improve health among the Bolsa Floresta participants.
Malaria, diarrhea, influenza and helminthiasis (worm infection) together make up about 95% of diseases in Bolsa Floresta conservation units.
The FAS is involved in training health care workers in ways of preventing these diseases, and in developing plans for each conservation unit.
For example, distribution of sachets for purifying water in Rio Gregório Extractive Reserve in 2015 resulted in a drastic drop in cases of diarrhea.

Replacement of the program
In 2018, it was replaced by a new program called "Programa Floresta em Pé" ("Standing Forests").

Notes

Sources

. Licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Nature conservation in Brazil
Environment of Amazonas (Brazilian state)
2007 establishments in Brazil


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text:
Tag: VOL. 77
Gamania shakes up its four business entities to be a whole ecological network enterprise
After more than two years of preparation, the Gamania Group transformation has finalized. At the spring press conference, the Group presented its goal and prospect
Gamania Unveils Its New and Unconventional Workplace!
A highly adaptable meeting place with an innovative whole ecology "It was not so much about designing a new space for Gamania. I'd rather think
The Employee Welfare in Gamania, Humanized Vacation Policy.
"Everything in this company is cheap except people,' said the human resources director, Linus. The words show how important people in Gamaina are considered. With
The Employee Welfare in Gamania, the Thoughtful Arrangement for People to Live and Work Happily.
"Is there any vacancy in Gamania? I would like to work there." People who have been to Gamania company or know the employee welfare would
Fine Paintings from Musée d'Orsay – An April Feast
In the 19th century, Europe was influenced by nationalism. Young painters, in the latter half of the 18th century, found that neo-classicism could hardly earn
Sensational Appeal to the Younger Generation
Brand communication can be used to pack new products as well as to enhance the brand image. Recently, more and more issues concerning the elderly
What's the difference between UI and UX? Let's look and see
What's the difference between UI and UX? Conversion Lab put together a series of comparison graphics from the internet, for a picture is worth a
Why does Royal Dutch Airlines provide many all-inclusive services that aren't part of their business service?
Generally speaking, when you think of airline services, what do you think of? I bet it would be nothing more than: purchasing tickets, choosing seats,
We're happy to announce a new partnership! The Mandarin version of "Summons Board" is working with "Ragnarok Online (RO)" to bring a limited time only overseas event
The Mandarin version of "Summons Board", the first game developed by GungHo Gamania, a label formed by an alliance of Gamania and leader of the
The first Japanese anime time-axis RPG mobile game "World Cross Saga" begins closed beta testing with no data reset
"World Cross Saga", the first game created through a team up by Gamania and AXEL MARK INC., a company on the Tokyo Stock Exchange with


In doing research for the story I contacted fellow Vancouver producer Bruce Fairbairn and asked him to comment on Rock's talent and techniques in the studio. Fairbairn, you may recall, was pretty famous himself at the time, having twiddled the knobs on hugely successful '80s discs by Aerosmith and Bon Jovi.
In 1991 Fairbairn had also produced AC/DC's multiplatinum return to the charts, The Razors Edge, so at one point in the interview I kinda jokingly asked him if Rock–a known AC/DC fanatic–had tried to steal that project away.


Firearm Transfers | Maryland Small Arms Range Inc.
Being a Licensed FFL Dealer, we are able to provide both incoming and outgoing firearm transfer services to our customers. Whether to and/or from a private party sale, online gun auction or from another dealer located within the U.S., we can assist you!
-All firearms being transferred must be Maryland legal/compliant. Maryland compliant handguns must be listed on the Maryland Handgun Roster (or manufactured prior to 1985). CLICK HERE to view the Maryland Handgun Roster.
-If a handgun is manufactured after 2002, it must be equipped with a Maryland Approved "Integrated Mechanical Safety Device".
-All firearms must be transferred to/from a valid FFL holder unless a "private party transfer" is being performed (non-regulated firearms only) at MSAR in which both individuals must be present.
-All firearms must be transferred with a MSP approved lock.
*TRANSFER CANCELLATIONS: We will charge a $100.00 return fee if you  transfer a non-Maryland legal firearm and cannot complete paperwork  fail the background check and the firearm needs to be returned to the seller. You are also responsible for return shipping costs for any firearm that has to be shipped back to where it was transferred from.
*FAILURE TO TRANSFER: Transfers will be held for 45 days from the date of receipt, unless an extended time frame is approved by MSAR. Any firearm left uncollected (not transferred) after 45 days without contact will become property of MSAR.
FFL Request: Whoever you purchase your firearm from is going to need a copy of our FFL to complete the transfer to us. Upon request, we will send a copy of our FFL to the dealer/seller via fax or email.
Once our a copy of our FFL has been sent, the dealer/seller will ship your firearm to us. It is your responsibility to ensure your firearm has shipped out in a timely fashion. Please be sure to have the dealer/seller include the following with the firearm shipment:  completed MSAR Dealer Form (sent with FFL)  a copy of their FFL.
Once a copy of our FFL has been sent, the dealer/seller will ship your firearm to us. It is your responsibility to ensure your firearm has shipped out in a timely fashion. Please be sure to have the dealer/seller include the following with the firearm shipment:  completed MSAR Dealer Form (sent with FFL)  a copy of their FFL.
Please do not call us or come to our facility due to the shipment tracking info you receive. Once we have received your firearm, we must process it into our system which generally takes 24-48 hours. Once your firearm has been processed/received into our system, we will call you to let you know that the gun is ready for paperwork (regulated firearm) or paperwork and pick-up (non-regulated firearm).
Please CLICK HERE to review the paperwork/application process associated with completing your firearm transfer!


text:
Q: How to convert array of dictionary to JSON? I have an array of dictionaries that I'd like to convert to JSON. My object is of type [[String: AnyObject]] and would like to end up with a sample like this:
[
  { "abc": 123, "def": "ggg", "xyz": true },
  { "abc": 456, "def": "hhh", "xyz": false },
  { "abc": 789, "def": "jjj", "xyz": true }
]

This is what I'm trying, but the compiler is not liking my declaration:
extension Array where Element == Dictionary<String, AnyObject> {
    var json: String {
        do { return try? NSJSONSerialization.dataWithJSONObject(self, options: []) ?? "[]" }
        catch { return "[]" }
    }
}

How can I do this?

A: Swift 5, I had to change it to Any instead of AnyObject, building off solutions of Eric & A.G.
extension Collection where Iterator.Element == [String: Any] {
  func toJSONString(options: JSONSerialization.WritingOptions = .prettyPrinted) -> String {
    if let arr = self as? [[String: Any]],
       let dat = try? JSONSerialization.data(withJSONObject: arr, options: options),
       let str = String(data: dat, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8) {
      return str
    }
    return "[]"
  }
}

Usage:
let arrayOfDictionaries = [
  { "abc": 123, "def": "ggg", "xyz": true },
  { "abc": 456, "def": "hhh", "xyz": false },
  { "abc": 789, "def": "jjj", "xyz": true }
]

print(arrayOfDictionaries.toJSONString())

A: A simple way to achieve that is to just extend CollectionType.
Use optional binding and downcasting, then serialize to data, then convert to string.
extension CollectionType where Generator.Element == [String:AnyObject] {
    func toJSONString(options: NSJSONWritingOptions = .PrettyPrinted) -> String {
        if let arr = self as? [[String:AnyObject]],
            let dat = try? NSJSONSerialization.dataWithJSONObject(arr, options: options),
            let str = String(data: dat, encoding: NSUTF8StringEncoding) {
            return str
        }
        return "[]"
    }
}

let arrayOfDictionaries: [[String:AnyObject]] = [
    ["abc":123, "def": "ggg", "xyz": true],
    ["abc":456, "def": "hhh", "xyz": false]
]

print(arrayOfDictionaries.toJSONString())

Output:
[
  {
    "abc" : 123,
    "def" : "ggg",
    "xyz" : true
  },
  {
    "abc" : 456,
    "def" : "hhh",
    "xyz" : false
  }
]

A: Swift 4:
extension Collection where Iterator.Element == [String:AnyObject] {
    func toJSONString(options: JSONSerialization.WritingOptions = .prettyPrinted) -> String {
        if let arr = self as? [[String:AnyObject]],
            let dat = try? JSONSerialization.data(withJSONObject: arr, options: options),
            let str = String(data: dat, encoding: String.Encoding.utf8) {
            return str
        }
        return "[]"
    }
}

Usage:
let arrayOfDictionaries = [
  { "abc": 123, "def": "ggg", "xyz": true },
  { "abc": 456, "def": "hhh", "xyz": false },
  { "abc": 789, "def": "jjj", "xyz": true }
]

print(arrayOfDictionaries.toJSONString())

A: I think you're out of luck trying to extend Array, because same-type requirements are not possible when extending an entity.
What you can make is to make use of free functions:
func jsonify(array: [[String:AnyObject]]) {
...
}

This way you'll keep the type safety you want to, with the expense of moving the function location.


The arrow has a bamboo shaft. The narrow triangular bamboo point is held to a dark brown carved wooden segment with a plant fiber wrapping and black resin. The wooden segment is carved with a herringbone pattern and held to the bamboo shaft with a band of plant fiber.


text:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
            "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
occidental chemical corp./firestone tire & rubber co.
ARMAND HAMMER BLVD
Four consecutive owners disposed of industrial wastes at the approximately 250-acre Occidental Chemical Corporation. Prior to the second World War, this site was owned by Jacobs Aircraft Engine Company, which built engines there. The Defense Plant Corporation (DPC) bought the site from Jacobs in 1942, however Jacobs continued to operate and manufacture aircraft engines for DPC until late 1944. In 1945, DPC leased the site to Firestone Tire and Rubber (FTR), which later purchased the site in 1950. FTR made tires and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resins at the site. In 1980, FTR sold the property to Occidental Chemical Corporation. Occidental continued to manufacture PVC resins at the site until 2005. From 1942 to 1985, operators disposed of wastes, including cutting oils, metal filings, tires, and PVC sludge resins, into a seventeen-acre solid waste landfill. In 1977, FTR requested permission from the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP) to expand this landfill. PADEP granted the expansion and required continuous pumping of groundwater beneath the site to prevent contaminants from moving off-site. In 1985, with state approval, the owner closed this landfill, capping it with a rubber cover and two feet of soil. During the EPA's investigation, the nature and extent of groundwater contamination was further defined. Groundwater pumping continues today. Another landfill operated on-site; its seven acres were used for disposing residual wastes. In July 1997, PADEP approved a Closure Plan for this landfill, which was then capped in 1998. A pair of lined lagoons built in 1974 – were closed in 1995 under PADEP's oversight. When they were open, these lined lagoons received the PVC sludge overflow from the plant wastewater treatment system. The site also contained four inactive, unlined lagoons. These unlined lagoons were used to dispose of PVC sludge before the lined lagoons were built. The material from these unlined lagoons was removed by Occidental in 2008 under the Superfund program. The site surroundings are both agricultural and urban. Pottstown, PA is the closest major town. Approximately 31,000 people live within a two-mile radius of the site. A portion of the site is in the flood plain of the Schuylkill River, which is used both for water supply and for recreational activities. Site Responsibility Cleanup of this site is the responsibility of the federal government and the parties potentially responsible for the site contamination.
Hazardous Ranking Score
A score of 28.5 or higher qualifies a site for the Superfund National Priority List.
Within the region: (800) 438-2474
Outside the region:	(215) 814-5000
Contact Region
Preliminary Assessment
Final Listing On NPL
Contaminants & Health Effects
Carcinogen
Endocrine Disrupter
Neurotoxic
Sensitiser
Reproductive Toxin
Persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic
American Indian and Alaska Native
Native Hawaiian
People living
within a 1 mile radius
Occupied homes
Potentially Responsible Parties
Refuse Hideaway Landfill (Middleton, WI)
Kimberton (Kimberton Borough, PA)
North Bronson Industrial Area (Bronson, MI)
Hollingsworth Solderless Terminal (Fort Lauderdale, FL)
Tobyhanna Army Depot (Tobyhanna, PA)
Lammers Barrel Factory (Beavercreek, OH)
Industrial Lane (Williams Township, PA)
New Carlisle Landfill (New Carlisle, OH)
Obee Road (Hutchinson, KS)
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text:
Q: Android ListView Error when i run i am beginner android developer and i want help me!
i want when i click the page icon and Intent start show my data who save into Offer table
i write this code in android studio:

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_froyo);
        //setHeader(getString(R.string.FroyoActivityTitle), true, true);
        String[] myOffers=new String[20];
        int counter=0;

        SQLiteDatabase myDB=openOrCreateDatabase("MYOFFER",MODE_PRIVATE,null);
        Cursor c=myDB.rawQuery("SELECT * FROM offer", null);
        StringBuffer buffer=new StringBuffer();
        String myCID = null;
        while(c.moveToNext())
        {
            //myCID=c.getString(0);
            myOffers[counter]=c.getString(0);
            Log.d("my Offer=",c.getString(0));
            Log.d("And Counter=", String.valueOf(counter));
            counter++;

        }
        //String[] countryArray = {"India", "Pakistan", "USA", "UK"};

        ListView listview=(ListView) findViewById(R.id.myOfferList);

        ArrayAdapter adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,
                R.layout.offershow, myOffers);
        listview.setAdapter(adapter);

    }

and when run the project get this error:
01-31 08:34:38.972    1080-1080/com.technotalkative.viewstubdemo E/AndroidRuntime﹕ FATAL EXCEPTION: main
    java.lang.NullPointerException
            at android.widget.ArrayAdapter.createViewFromResource(ArrayAdapter.java:394)
            at android.widget.ArrayAdapter.getView(ArrayAdapter.java:362)
            at android.widget.AbsListView.obtainView(AbsListView.java:2271)
            at android.widget.ListView.makeAndAddView(ListView.java:1769)
            at android.widget.ListView.fillDown(ListView.java:672)
            at android.widget.ListView.fillFromTop(ListView.java:733)
            at android.widget.ListView.layoutChildren(ListView.java:1622)
            at android.widget.AbsListView.onLayout(AbsListView.java:2106)
            at android.view.View.layout(View.java:13754)
            at android.view.ViewGroup.layout(ViewGroup.java:4364)
            at android.widget.LinearLayout.setChildFrame(LinearLayout.java:1649)

and when i replace this line:
String[] countryArray = {"India", "Pakistan", "USA", "UK"};

        ListView listview=(ListView) findViewById(R.id.myOfferList);

        ArrayAdapter adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,
                R.layout.offershow, countryArray);
        listview.setAdapter(adapter);

my project work finally!,but what happen?

A: Here:

    String[] myOffers=new String[20];

Probably myOffers some items are null so Adapter showing NullPointerException. Use c.getCount() to define Array size:
    Cursor c=myDB.rawQuery("SELECT * FROM offer", null);
    String[] myOffers=new String[c.getCount()];


text:
Commercial Design in Perth & WA
Scoop profiles more than 600 commercial architects, builders, designers, retailers, product ranges and designs, all based in Perth and regional Western Australia. In late 2018 we intend to relaunch SCOOP COMMERCIAL BUILDING & DESIGN as the leading online guide to commercial building & design in Western Australia. We will be relaunching our guide to SCOOP HOMES & DESIGN around the same time. Listings are free, so add or update your listing now in preparation for launch.
Website: http://www.hamessharley.com.au
100 St Georges Terrace is an award winning, mixed use development situated in the heart of the Perth CBD. It is noted for its vital role in bringing vibrancy from the Hay St Mall to St Georges Tce.
Institutional Designs:Mixed-Use
'100 St Georges Terrace' sits in the heart of the Perth CBD and is the commercial component of the 24 storey mixed use development that also includes 'Enex 100,' the retail sector of the building. The commercial building comprises of 17 storeys of office space and its connection to 'Enex 100' establishes an important pedestrian link between the busy Hay Street Mall and St Georges Terrace bringing much needed vibrancy into the CBD. The development also caters for workers and the growing number of city residents through the provision of diverse shopping amenities. The design of the commercial tower incorporates many sustainable design initiatives including a cross over core approach for maximum tenant flexibility, high performance external double glazing to reduce energy consumption and projecting sunshades. The commercial tower was awarded a 4 star "Office by Design V.2" Green Star rating and a 5.5 NABERS rating in 2012.
Bordered by the Bankwest Tower and the heritage listed Trinity Church, the external architectural design is responsive to the two vastly different building types. Steel and glass is used effectively to establish a contemporary yet subtle facade that does not compete with the other two buildings.
The retail component "Enex 100" on the other hand maintains a historic presence via the preservation of the 1908 Sandover building's facade which was retained at the request of the City of Perth.
An iconic and multi award winning building, it is noted by the public for its purpose and role in bringing much desired vibrancy into the CBD. The difficult site led to a challenging project however, through careful planning and foresight into the market place, the building has been a success in all aspects including achieving economic, environmental and social dividends to the owners and occupants.
108 Stirling Street
This mixed-use proposal for 108 Stirling Street seeks to provide an elegant and urbane addition to a rapidly changing inner-city precinct.
Institutional Designs:Mixed-Use,Office,Residential,Retail
Just a short stroll from Perth's inner city shopping and dining precinct sits the site for McDonald Jones Architects' recent project, 108 Stirling Street.
At pedestrian level, the proposal seeks active street frontages with a corner bar and alfresco terrace addressing Aberdeen and Stirling streets, along with commercial tenancies and residential lobbies.
As the podium rises, a series of wide frontage apartments and two-storey town homes provides surveillance and activity, as well as sleeving the upper levels of parking. The built form of the podium utilises a contrast of colours, solid/void elements, integrated landscaping and warm natural materials to allow a level of tactility for pedestrians.
Above the podium is a leisure deck, which provides a variety of spatial experiences, and opportunities for residents to relax, recreate and dwell. These spaces vary from intimate quiet areas to larger gathering spaces, and transition between inside and out. The amenities at this level include a residents' library, secret gardens, sauna, gym, private dining, external kitchens, pool, permaculture garden, bocce court, sundeck and the provision for mature trees.
The design of the tower footprint has sought to create opportunities for each apartment to be a corner apartment maximising access to light and views. The frontage provided to each of the apartments far exceeds typical apartments, and the boundary setbacks anticipate future development and ensure resident amenity.
The primary axis of the tower is aligned towards true north, and the geometry consists of two sweeping curves expanding to east and west and terminating to a bird's mouth at north and south. This geometry provides the tower strong verticality, slenderness and a sculptural form, which changes in appearance depending on vantage point and time of day.
ARCHITECT | McDonald Jones Architects
DEVELOPER | Stirling Capital
BRIEF | To create a 'pencil' tower which rises from a heavily landscaped leisure deck over a five-storey podium building providing appropriate urban integration.
LOCATION | 108 Stirling Street, Perth
2 Victoria Avenue Project
Website: http://www.woodhead.com.au
Based throughout Australia, Asia and Europe, and with associations and partnerships worldwide, Woodhead is a leader in architecture, interiors and planning.
Stockland commissioned Woodhead to design a new five-storey, 7350sqm "green" landmark commercial office building adjacent to Stockland's current 13-storey Durack Centre.
Woodhead's regional principal and project architect, John-Paul Davies, said the design brief clearly stated "to provide a flagship building in terms of design and environmental initiatives", responding to Stockland's sustainability ethos.
The completed building exceeded the design brief and is the first and only in Western Australia to achieve a 6 Star Green Star environmental design rating. It is also designed for a 5 star + 20 percent CO2 reduction NABERS energy predicted rating.
Key initiatives and design features used to achieve the Green Star rating included individually monitored automated external louvres which respond to sunlight and allow the building to maintain views and natural lighting; active chilled beam mechanical services for air conditioning; peak energy reduction; and energy and water sub-metering in order to monitor usage and grey water recycling.
The design also includes three rooftop wind turbines, which provide green energy and supply up to 25 percent of the building's base electricity requirements.
2 Victoria Avenue won the 2009 Master Builders Association's Excellence in Energy Efficiency award and was the showcase project at the Green Building Council's Breakfast with the Stars seminar.
2011 Mandurah Landscape Project
Website: http://www.sheoaks.net.au
Paul Roche and the Sheoak's Landscapes team were hired to create open spaces, living walls and an entry statement at the master-planned Frasers Landing development near Mandurah. Around 1250 residences will be built in 12 intimate hamlets, on 54ha of land adjoining the Serpentine River.
Imperative to the design was the reflection of the local environment, so existing trees were retained and native plant species were added.
In reducing the removal of trees throughout the development, the footpaths were altered to snake their way around the existing vegetation.
Sheoak's created 'outdoor rooms' by installing lawn areas underneath natural gaps in the tree canopy. These were then connected by corridors of lawn, timber decking or concrete footpaths.
In keeping with the project's commitment to sustainability, Sheoak's used solar-powered reticulation valves. This limited electrical wiring and reduced Sheoak's carbon footprint.
Sheoak's also designed and constructed a living wall within the development. Panels were pre-planted and grown offsite, before being mounted onto metal framing and attached to a waterproofed wall. Lines of irrigation were inserted between the panels.
At the 2010 Landscape Industries Association of Western Australia Awards of Excellence, Sheoak's was recognised for its work, winning the Contractor Commercial up to $400,000 category for Frasers Landing Hamlet 2; the Contractor Commercial $400,000-$1 million category for Frasers Landing Entry Statement Stage 1; and Best New Member. Sheoak's was also a finalist in Best Special Feature for Frasers Landing Living Wall.
356 Oxford Street Project
Website: http://www.abacusprojects.com.au
Abacus Project Services (Australia) provides specialist support to the construction sector – from costing projects at inception, to providing project management of the design process and construction of the project.
This modern and elegant, mixed use development, constructed by Abacus Project Services, features ground level car parking and stores, ground floor retail/showrooms, first floor offices and five penthouse apartments with beautiful curved balconies. Hoffman Architects created the elegant architectural statement, showcasing only the highest quality finishes and fittings.
Some of the key features include "fluid" curves in walls and balconies, crisp white acrylic rendered walls and oversized stainless steel handrails.
Abacus ensured the client received only the best service with its "open book, shared savings" method of contracting.
37 Cedric Street Project
Website: http://www.mldesigns.com.au
Michael Little Designs prides itself on innovative, modern and stylish designs.
This three-storey development consists of office suites sized between 75sqm and 350sqm. The brief stipulated detailed concealment of the columns while still maintaining structural efficiency.
The request to exclude columns within the office suites posed the issue of creating a structurally efficient design.
The incorporation of concrete transfer slabs ensured this and also allowed the design to stay within the 13m height restriction imposed on the building as part of the design guidelines for the precinct.
The client also requested undercover onsite parking for tenants and for the design to be minimal and modern yet still retain a warm and inviting feel.
The minimalist facade was softened with the use of natural stone and timber cladding. The large east-facing awning to the front created a strong street presence.
West-facing glazing to the rear was heavily screened by a customised louvre system to reduce heat throughout the building.
A pressurised lift shaft was used to prevent the need for a fire isolated passage discharging onto the front footpath. This allowed for extra room in the foyer and increased streetscape appeal.
Despite these challenges, Michael Little Designs was still able to achieve a multi-storey development with undercover parking, the first of its kind within the Cedric Street office precinct.
The development also won the "Category 11a Commercial Buildings for Commercial Office on Cedric Street, Stirling" at this year's Building Design Association Awards.
81 Stirling Highway Project
Abacus Project Services constructed this state-of-the-art, cutting-edge, mixed use development, comprising basement car parking and stores, ground floor retail/showrooms, first floor offices and two penthouse apartments with super spacious balconies.
Mike Stephenson and the Abacus team had to ensure that the artistic detail created by architect, Sasha Ivanovich was achieved without compromising on quality. They achieved this through the construction of "floating" precast wall panels, full height curtain walls, louvres and stainless steel.
ABI Group Project
Website: http://www.innerspacewa.com.au
Furniture by Innerspace - Available in store and online. Interior Design by Buchan Group.
Administration Building Upgrade
Website: http://www.paulmeschiati.com.au
Renovating a 1950's commercial building was always going to be a challenge, but one Paul Meschiati and Associates enthusiastically embraced.
Institutional Designs:Industrial,Office
Landscape Designs:Industrial,Office
The interior of the building was completely demolished, and a new concrete topping poured over the floors to provide a clean slate for the new layouts. All external walls were also re-cladded. Being located at a refinery, the building required extra security and safety, such as new steel sub-frames and windows, which included a blast-proof film over the laminated glazing panels, as an added precautionary measure. Such items are incorporated to protect occupants in the event of any potential explosion.
Feature Travertine stone floor tiles were selected for the main reception and lobby areas, both upstairs and downstairs, and continued up the central staircase, which is highlighted by framed, historical artwork and artefacts of the local Aboriginal people.
Once the 2 year revamp was completed, the Administration Building at the Kwinana Refinery had a completely new look, encompassing an aesthetic balance between traditional design and corporate appeal. This resulted in Paul Meschiati and Associates being awarded the 2010 WA Building Design Award for Commercial Buildings – Alteration/Additions.
Alinta Project
Website: http://www.hboemtb.com
HBO+EMTB is one of Asia Pacific's leading multi-disciplinary design practices. Offering expertise in architecture, interior design, workplace strategy, urban design, landscape architecture and heritage, HBO+EMTB provides a service that accounts for a facility's full lifecycle. Today, the company conducts business from offices in 10 countries, with HBO+EMTB representing more than a century of design excellence.
When Alinta decided to embark on a corporate fitout to reflect its dynamic yet professional public image, it enlisted HBO+EMTB to head the design project.
Alinta's accommodation criteria included a fit out that promoted equality, interactivity, productivity and transparency. Relocation from previous premises, which included a high quantity of staff occupying offices, allowed the company to instigate a 100 percent open plan environment that represented a cultural revolution.
HBO+EMTB's response to this brief is in line with contemporary design practice, creating a completely open plan environment (without individual offices) with all staff placed at workstations. HBO+EMTB ensured all workstations were purposely designed with low height screens and were located away from the perimeter glazing walls. This allows all staff to benefit from maximum external views and daylight penetration, while creating equality in status delineating ownership of the prime window spaces.
The shared support facilities, including a quiet room, meeting room, project room, breakout, improved IT/audiovisual rooms and large compactus/storage facilities are placed against the core perimeter on the western side of the floor plate. This has fostered collaboration by allowing staff to be planned into a front and central open plan area in one team structure.
The end result is a new contemporary head office for Alinta with a creative, transparent working environment. A sense of community is created, and interactivity and productivity is encouraged, through a complete open plan environment.
Alinta's head office is dynamic with an easy elegance that exudes professionalism and progressiveness.
This corporate fit out offers finishes of a neutral palette, overlaid with colour interruption. Each floor has been themed with graphic displays, carefully controlled through a marketing and branding strategy with extensive staff buy-in. Colour and graphic elements have been included as way-finding through the floor plates, which are designed in typical street layout with neighbouring community areas for meeting, quiet and collaborative zones.
Alluvion Project
Website: http://www.buchan.com.au
Design excellence and client service are the cornerstones of The Buchan Group.
The Alluvion building was conceived and designed to satisfy market demand for a major new workplace in the heart of the west end, and is essential to the revitalisation of this significant CBD site.
The vision was for a mid-rise office tower of landmark status, comprising 22 levels and featuring elevated office floors that enjoy panoramic views of the Swan River and Kings Park.
Access to the site and the positioning of the main entry lobby at the St Georges Terrace level was critical to the success of the project.
Landscaped public plaza areas located on the northern side of the office podium incorporate ponds and a water feature, public art, and seating set in a mixture of hard and soft landscaping.
Beyond the 10m-high lobby space to the east lies a more intimately scaled lobby lounge, break out and cafe area, which opens its wide frontage to a timber-decked external seating area adjoined by an infinity-edge pond.
Sustainability initiatives and features were a priority in the design of the building, which achieved a Four Star Green Star office V2 design rating, and targeting a 4.5 Star NABERS Energy rating.
A number of features went in to achieve these ratings, including the daylight harvesting lighting system to office floor spaces, and first class tenant bicycle storage and change facilities that provide options for reducing reliance on private vehicle transport. In addition, all composite wood products were manufactured from low-emission formaldehyde materials.
Low water consumption fixtures were put in to place, along with a dedicated storage area for the collection and recycling of office consumables.
The perception amongst the property marketplace is that Alluvion is a high-quality design, high-calibre building. This perception is driven by the design integrity and quality of finishes and material selections.
AMR Council Administration and Civic Building
Website: http://www.bollig.com.au
The AMRSC Administration and Civic Building is a dynamic contemporary facility, responsive to the region and the growing needs of the local community.
Institutional Designs:Civic,Office,Urban Design
The AMRSC Civic and Administration Building combines an ESD focus with the practicalities of day-to-day operations whilst capturing the sophisticated but casual nature of the unique Margaret River region.
At the core of the design concept is environmental sustainability with the building incorporating passive solar design techniques using high levels of insulation including thermal performance double glazing, low energy use lighting, low water use landscaping and active systems including a BMS system linking the mechanical to automated windows for maximum use of temperate fresh air.
The building's distinctive design reflects the regionally unique aspects of the south west whilst providing a functional, flexible and cost effective building for the Shire's administration and community.
The use of locally milled and recycled timber, local stone, and craftsmen has reinforced the building's success as a "community hub".
This Award Winning building delivers to the community quality, sustainable, and regionally appropriate commercial architecture.
Arcus Project
Website: http://www.sitearchitecture.com.au
The new headquarters provide s a strong identity for Arcus with the towering white concrete box bearing the illuminated Arcus branding.
Site Architecture Studio was engaged to design the new headquarters for Arcus Australia – a leading commercial refrigeration and commercial kitchen manufacturer. The brief was for a workshop, administration and showroom, incorporating durable, low maintenance and energy efficient design principles. Site has created a strong corporate identity for Arcus through architectural elements, which reflect their core business – a warm, metal clad administration and showroom box contrast against a white concrete cool tower.
The sloping corner site was significantly smaller than Arcus' previous site and the challenge was to maximise floor area for the workshop operations without compromising office and showroom space. Access and parking were also challenges of the site, which were overcome through clever planning. Arcus general manager Terry Arcus says this was achieved by positioning the workshop behind the administration and showroom buildings, with separate street access.
Argonaut Project
Website: http://www.anitma.com
When designing a modern and elegant interior,Anitma Design Groupkeeps attention to detail at forefront of mind for ultimate results.
The new premises of boutique investment banking organisation Argonaut were to reflect the company's innovative services and appeal to the young team of staff through a 'timeless' and elegant public area and bright, energetic environment.
A combination of shared and individual workspaces, meeting and breakout areas/rooms and staff café formed the request list. The new fitout was to encourage a sociable community environment, while maintaining privacy when required.
The design needed to provide the best of both worlds – the proximity for staff to work effectively together and privacy for individual tasks.
Creative team, Anita Moullin and Paul Lim of Anitma Design Group, felt Argonaut's emphasis on commitment to staff had a significant influence on the overall design. As financial service providers, Argonaut's work would benefit from being explained in a visual format, to enhance the company's products and beliefs.
The contrast between dark and light, serious and quirky elements within the design successfully express the balance between innovation and professionalism.
Open-ended spaces throughout the main workstation area create a range of distinct contained entities while promoting contact and engagement with staff at all levels.
The reception area is the focal point for a series of subtle references to 'finance', which determined the use of materials throughout the entire fit out.
The Italian date system in the reception area reinforces Argonaut's strong emphasis on making each client feel 'part of the company'.
The casual use of light, fresh patterned workstation screens and furniture finishes are used subtly in individual workareas and more obviously in interactive zones, to create a suitable work environment. This contrasts with the dramatic tone of the reception, which provides a strong opening statement.
Entry areas are controlled by the use of dark walls and directional lighting revealing details such as timber panelling, bronzed mirrors, contemporary text and over-sized Italian traditional date system.
Atelier Altaari Made To Measure Bridal Design
Website: http://www.atelieraltaari.com.au/
Affordable high quality wedding dress made to your measurements, custom designed or off the rack.
Austereo Project
Email: mk[email protected]
Website: http://www.mkdc.com.au
Directors Kath Kusinski and Melanie Marshall head up the awardwinning practice priding themselves on their reputation for producingfuture-focused environments that exceed client expectations.
When Austereo wanted to create a vibrant and innovative office space to reflect their company culture, they enlisted Marshall Kusinski Design Consultants to come up with an impressive interior design concept.
The design needed to accommodate radio stations 92.9 and 94.5 in the one building, accessible via a shared reception on the ground floor.
The operations room, or master control room, was required to be located on the ground floor, servicing the studios and staff of each station. It was important that the staff areas relate to the relevant studios whilst referencing the audience with views to the street, or a window to the world. Visual and spatial connectivity was the essential virtue of the brief for this dynamic working environment.
With most of the working environment and technical considerations resolved over the ground and second floors, the common use facilities such as the boardroom, staff hub and outdoor entertainment area could be situated above on the third floor. This would encourage energy to be drawn upwards through the core of the building.
The building has been specifically designed to suit the needs of the sole tenant, Austereo. High ceilings were dictated by the requirements of the studios and a centralised staircase with glazed balustrades adds to this sense of volume.
Approximately 90 staff occupy the open plan radial workstations which form an organic footprint to promote exchanges of ideas. Only two offices occupy an area outside of this open plan arrangement, but in remaining true to the transparency and energy of the organization, glazed partitions permit visual access.
Developer Mark Hector from the Qube Property group worked closely with Austereo General Manger Linda Wayman to create a building which meets the company's current and future needs. The floor plan incorporates mobile and flexible meeting spaces in addition to various quiet contemplation areas on each floor. The meeting room tables are easily re-configured for collaborative projects or brainstorming sessions and there is opportunity to add more staff without compromising the qualities of the open plan office. Whilst the solution is one of integrity and therefore based in timeless design, there are elements of playfulness such as the use of bold furniture pieces and vibrant upholstery colours.
The exciting result is synonymous with the enthusiastic team leading the project as it provided Marshall Kusinski with a less than conservative brief. "It was a unique opportunity to let creativity win out", comments Kathy Kusinski. "This is not always the case in corporate office design."
Baldivis Library & Community Centre
Website: http://www.pactconstruction.com.au
Upon successfully constructing the Baldivis Secondary College, the Baldivis Library and Community Centre has again seen PACT Construction make their mark in the region.
Institutional Designs:Urban Design,Child Centres,Civic,Education,Mixed-Use,Office,Research
Landscape Designs:Civic,Education,Mixed-Use,Office,Research,Urban Design
A vital boost to the community, the two-storey Baldivis Library and Community Centre incorporates a contemporary library, e-training areas, meeting rooms, offices and on-ground plaza areas. The clever solar passive design minimises water and energy use.
"The tender process run by the City of Rockingham was very competitive," PACT Construction general manager Jason Kunkler said. "Out of eight other quality builders, we were chosen."
This exciting project has many unique aspects. From the curved roof and intricate façade, hexagonal ceramic tiles to the stone, timber and aluminium composite cladding and rendered brick, there is very little material repetition. Realising the complex facade design required PACT Construction to develop an advanced building methodology to bring all the facets together.
"The delivery of services was also complex. For example, a suspended floor system is hosting reticulated data cabling and also distributing air-conditioned air," Jason Kunkler said.
Its location in a busy public space created further challenges. "The coordination of all material deliveries and contractors were carefully managed," stated Mr Kunkler. "All sub-contractors went through rigorous scrutiny to ensure the greatest quality of work and value for money.
"Importantly, we engaged all contractors in an open conversation as to what was required to procure this project, enabling us to work together to find the optimal delivery approach.
"We have been excited to be involved in such a key community project with the City of Rockingham."
Project Value: $10.7 Million
Construction Time: 63 Weeks
Baldivis Stage Project
Website: http://www.urbanlandscaping,com.au
Urban Landscaping created a multi-function recreation space appropriate for young families living in the new Baldivis estate. The park was designed to be accessible to a range of users and feel friendly and intimate.
A number of different recreation opportunities are provided for young children, older children and adults. The landscaping is simple in style with well-established trees, such as tuarts, marri and jarrah, used to shade or separate the different areas while providing views across the entire park.
As stipulated in the brief, the space is low maintenance with drought tolerant plants and a footpath meandering through the park in a circular fashion linking all the different areas.
Bassendean Shopping Centre
Email: [email protected]ruction.com.au
PACT Construction were awarded the $18 million contract for the redevelopment of the 37-year-old Bassendean Shopping Village.
Hospitality Designs:Hospitality
Institutional Designs:Civic,Health,Hospitality,Mixed-Use,Retail,Urban Design
Landscape Designs:Civic,Health,Hospitality,Mixed-Use,Retail,Urban Design
Retail Designs:Retail,Shopping Centres
The Bassendean Shopping Village project was the first time PACT Construction had the opportunity to work closely with property group Hawaiian, the owners of the shopping centre.
Although it was the construction company's first retail project, general manager Jason Kunkler said many PACT team members shared a retail development background.
"The work had its challenges given it was in the midst of a busy shopping centre, but we ensured there was minimum disruption to shoppers and retailers by operating at night to minimize disturbance during business hours," Mr Kunkler said.
Completed in July 2014, the 40-week redevelopment project expanded the floor space of the centre from 7688sqm to 9845sqm. This included expanding Coles supermarket by about 1000sqm, introducing The Reject Shop as a new tenant, leveling the existing eastern carpark, installing a travelator and introducing a new tavern with an outdoor seating area.
There was also an upgrade to the tenancy layout, improvements to fire safety, a new children's playground and the introduction of additional parking bays. The new design focused on Australian architectural elements and the heritage of the Bassendean community.
Bellcourt Project
Website: http://www.trojanhorse.net.au
The reception area is accessible directly from the street and features strong corporate branding and built-in furniture items.
The brief for this project was very specific – the client wanted a shop front that had a warmer and more casual atmosphere, with a feeling of walking in to someone's home.
Betts Group Project
Website: http://www.gavinconstruction.com.au
With a Gavin Construction project, an award winning, functional design is only the beginning. The company offers the highest quality workmanship, use only the best products and deliver a cost effective construction on time and on budget.
When the Betts Group moved its headquarters from the city to the suburbs, staff comfort and satisfaction was kept forefront of mind.
The Betts Group was seeking a builder to document and build its new national head office and distribution centre.
Gavin Construction was recruited for the project, featuring a high specification, two level corporate office and state-of-the-art warehousing facility, together with staff amenities, extensive parking and hardstand areas.
Essentially there were two standalone modules for the site – the warehouse and two-storey office building.
Gavin Construction documented the open plan office in close consultation with the clients to complement their organisational structure. The design incorporates features that allow for future expansion. The use of innovative materials, such as alpolic panelling and feature slate cladding balanced against extensive tinted glasswork, ensure a contemporary finish which will stand the test of time.
Significant emphasis has been placed on staff comfort and amenities. The design brief called for 'Qantas Club' standard of finishes and facilities. The lunchroom offers a fully functioning canteen area equipped with bain maries, ovens and cappuccino machines. All bathrooms are finished with floor to ceiling tiles and high quality fixtures and fittings.
The warehouse facility incorporates an automated pick and pack system. Extensive pallet racking and mezzanine storage has been provided for.
Both the office and warehouse structures were built using tilt panel construction. The warehouse was the first phase of the contract. This was handed over for fit-out and occupation by the client prior to the office being completed.
The ground floor slab of the warehouse was constructed with a +/- tolerance of 2-3mm to accommodate the extensive pallet racking and the potential future need for specialised forklifts. Due to the extent of pallet racking, additional columns were used to reduce the tonnage and cost of roof steel.
Structural steel was selected in combination with the new King Floor system to construct the office suspended slab. A thermal analysis was commissioned to establish heat loads and energy efficiency of the office building. Specialised tinted glass was utilised in combination with the placement of specifically rated insulation to reduce the capital outlay of the mechanical plant and equipment, along with the ongoing running costs. All mechanical plant and equipment were placed at ground level to provide easy access for maintenance.
The internal finish of the office matches the external contemporary influence. Clean lines with modular workstations, arrayed to take advantage of an open floor plan design, provide for a healthy work environment. A reflection pond is located under the main internal staircase and provides a pleasant vista across from the boardroom.
Staff comfort has also been considered with the construction of an alfresco entertaining area adjacent to the lunchroom. This is ideal for everyday use or high-end corporate functions. A goods lift has been provided to cater for the extensive movement of shoes from ground floor to the buyers display rooms.
BHO Interiors - Commercial
Website: http://bhointeriors.com
BHO Interiors are boutique interior designers in Perth specialising in commercial interior design, retail interior design and hospitality interior design.
Hospitality Designs:Bars,Hospitality,Restaurants
Institutional Designs:Education,Hospitality,Office,Retail
Retail Designs:Retail
BHO Interiors is a Perth based boutique interior design practice established in 2009.
We have successfully accomplished numerous commercial fit outs for various companies in Australia as well as overseas.We provide professional interior design consultation services and assist the client while working closely with various contractors and consultants to achieve the client's goal from the start to completion. All our work is designed to the highest of standards and in strict accordance with the building code of Australia.
BHO interiors works closely with our clients to facilitate their requirements and need. As a result of our collaborations, we have managed to develop creative and high quality interior spaces.
Blake Dawson Waldron Project
Website: http://www.atelier.com.au
A family owned and run business since 1971, Atelier has built up an enviable reputation for quality production and effective project management. Managing Director Peter Judge carries on the family business with his team of 21 at the factory and offices in Willetton.
When Blake Dawson Waldron wanted to create a national uniformity for its offices, Atelier Furniture Interiors was brought in to add the finishing touches.
Blake Dawson Waldron wanted to fitout its corporate headquarters in Perth to reflect the firm's other offices using similar design principles and materials. Numerous materials were to be used in each aspect of the fitout, with each item dependent on the adjoining items being made correctly to allow for correct fitting. Atelier used materials including veneer, solid timber, melamine, laminate, marble, stainless steel, paint, glass, fabric and Duraloid.
The Blake Dawson Waldron project was a complex design where accuracy and organisation were the key to making the project work. It was a precise interaction between suppliers and contractors to achieve a brilliant result.
Firstly, two people were flown to Sydney to view the existing Blake Dawson Waldron fitout, so the reflection in Perth could match the details of the Eastern states office as closely as possible.
Atelier worked with the designer to fine tune all the details of the job, and spent two days on site making, measuring and matching up the materials to ensure the fitout went as smoothly as possible.
Atelier had to be very precise as all parts were made off site and needed to fit together within a couple of millimetres when installed on site. Complete walls and passage ways were made of solid rock maple and glass. This included door frames. A large amount of solid timber was used, so there was no margin for error in these areas.
Atelier had to liaise with the builders to coordinate all the materials and parts to meet the construction and fitout program, which required national logistics. "Laminated stone had to come from Sydney and couldn't be altered once ordered, "says Peter Judge from Atelier. "This was also the case with the solid timber. The sheer sizes required meant we had to source this from right around Australia and bring in most of what was available. Even then, we still had to wait for shipments from the USA to finish the job!"
Atelier completed the reception counter; tea preparation area; utility benches; vanities; meeting rooms; waiting areas; offices and panelling. Their palette of materials included solid rock maple; veneer rock maple; stone for the special laminated marble behind reception; stainless steel; Corian manufactured stone; leather; Canite(pinboards); fabric paint on the wall panels; acoustic backing fabric; frosted and colour backed glass and Melamine.
Bouvard Project
Clients and staff alike are impressed with the finished result that came at the end of a very long and detailed process of base-building integration.
As one of Australia's largest privately owned companies, Cape Bouvard Developments has a reputation for excellence in commercial and residential property projects. This required that the new office accommodation was to be a showpiece for the group.
Braithwaite Park Nature Play Area
A strong collaborative approach between Phase3, Emerge Associates and Nature Play WA's expert staff led to the creation of this much-loved play space in the City of Vincent.
Landscape Designs:Urban Design,Civic
Braithwaite Park Nature Play Area is a play space that provides children with more opportunities than typical pre-formed playgrounds.
It was carefully designed and constructed to promote gross motor skills in children, encourage active play, and stimulating creativity and imagination in a natural setting.
The existing park had large, open turf spaces, which were previously under-utilised as parkland space, as well as significant Peppermint and Moreton Bay fig trees.
The key concern for the City of Vincent was to create a play space that was inclusive of children aged 10 to 14, an age bracket many nature-play parks fall short of.
Integrating a flying fox and an elevated climbing net provides challenge and risk elements for older children, however the design of these facilities and other play items within the space also ensures smaller children can use the area and not be in danger.
For smaller children, elevated timber decking, which is nestled among the existing Peppermint trees and connected with a rope bridge, provides great stages for imaginative role play and the sensation of being up in the trees.
In addition, the play space includes mounds, tunnels, slides, water play and a nest swing to keep children of all ages active, engaged and happily exploring, creating an elegant and functional public space.
Steel pods, which have had native climbers and bamboo planted in them, will ultimately engulf the structures to provide a semi-private space for leisure.
Materials selected included timbers and boulders for the climbing structures, recycled wine barrels as balustrade components to the elevated walkways, chain mesh for the fencing, stabilised gravel, graded pine bark mulch, and white washed sand.
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT | Emerge Associates as lead designers, in collaboration with Nature Play WA, and Phase3 Landscape Construction.
BUILDER | Phase3 Landscape Construction
BRIEF | The landscape design brief was to integrate a nature-play space into the existing trees to activate the parkland, while also providing an alternative play experience to the existing off-the-shelf playground equipment.
BUILD TIME | Six months
FEATURES | Custom-made steel climbing structure, nine-metre bridge, elevated cargo net, slide, double cable ride, bird's nest swing, swing module seat with
SS chains, handrail ropes, tepee cubbies, large zip line, water play, and tunnel.
LOCATION | Corner of Scarborough Beach Road and The Boulevard, Mt Hawthorn


text:
Shelter System and Other NYC Services Should Be Safe for Migrants, Experts Say
By David Brand .
B. Golladay, DOD, D. Shankbone, E. Reed
A 1989 executive order by Mayor Koch was something Mayor Giuliani went to court to defend after 1996 federal law changes. Mayor Bloomberg issued the current executive order in 2003 restricting the collection and sharing of immigration information, and Mayor de Blasio has reiterated that those rules still apply.
Despite ramped up immigration enforcement and threatened federal funding cuts, New York City's protections of the immigration status information of non-U.S. citizens who use city agencies—including homeless shelters—seem sturdy enough to withstand federal pressure, immigration law experts say.
Such protections are based on mayoral Executive Order 41, which establishes limits on the collection and release of confidential information, including immigration status, sexual orientation and status as a victim of domestic violence.
The order, issued by Mayor Michael Bloomberg in 2003 and reissued by Mayor Bill De Blasio, states that "No City officer or employee may disclose confidential information unless such disclosure is required by law," adding that no City employee may disclose immigration status information unless the employee or their agency suspects an individual "of engaging in illegal activity, other than mere status as an undocumented alien."
Key to understanding the threat that changes at the federal level mean for local government is the interpretation of existing federal law, which President Trump and conservative lawmakers maintain has the power to compel localities, as well as individual employees, to disclose the information protected by EO 41.
Reading code
Trump's January 25th executive order on undocumented immigrants threatens funding cuts to so-called "sanctuary cities" based on Title 8 Section 1373 of U.S. Code. But Pratheepan Gulasekaram, a Santa Clara University law professor who specializes on the relationship between federal and local governments in immigration enforcement, says that bit of code lacks scope and authority.
"Right now, under federal law as currently written, I don't see the ability to leverage or exert enough pressure to get localities or local agencies to comply with things they don't want to comply with," Gulasekaram says. "1373 has not been litigated and the federal government has not used it as a lever. There are no penalties or remedies for violations written into the law. It's an open question whether 1373 is even constitutional or lawful in the first place."
The first portion of 8 U.S.C 1373 states that "Notwithstanding any other provision of Federal, State, or local law, a Federal, State, or local government entity or official may not prohibit, or in any way restrict, any government entity or official from sending to, or receiving from, the Immigration and Naturalization Service information regarding the citizenship or immigration status, lawful or unlawful, of any individual."
Though proponents for close collaboration among municipalities and federal immigration enforcement project 8 U.S.C. 1373 as a broad provision, Gulasekaram says "their position will almost certainly lose" when tested in court because the city could employ various arguments against the code, including invoking the law's own "nothwithstanding" clause.
"The city might maintain that 1373 doesn't apply to it by virtue of its prefatory clause " he says. "That is, they might argue that EO 41 is an 'other provision of local law.'"
In an analysis of Trump's executive order on the deportation of undocumented immigrants, University of Virginia immigration law professor and former White House counsel David Martin also minimized the scope of 8 U.S.C.1373.
"Section 1373 is actually a rather modest federal law, which does not force broad cooperation on unwilling states or localities," Martin wrote. "It merely says they may not forbid their employees from communicating immigration-related information to federal officials. The state or local law enforcement agency doesn't have to collect or provide any requested information itself, and it can even remind its employees that they aren't obligated to send such information. Section 1373 has been upheld by a leading circuit court case, but it has not been ruled on by the Supreme Court. It might still be vulnerable to a challenge under the Court's anti-commandeering doctrine, which provides that the federal government may not dragoon states into enforcing federal laws."
Safety in shelters
New York Coalition for Immigration Legal Services director Camille Mackler says the policy of not asking an individual's immigration status remains an effective tool for resisting ICE incursions because the federal government cannot compel city agencies to collect immigration information in places like the homeless services system.
"As long as immigration status is not recorded then ICE won't have probable cause to go into shelters," Mackler says.
The Mayoral Executive Order prohibits immigration status inquiries except when determining program, service or benefit eligibility or the provision of City services. The city's right-to-shelter mandate means that anyone qualifies for shelter regardless of origin or residence. However, the immigration status of individuals who utilize DHS shelters is sometimes noted by outreach workers and intake shelter case managers who are trying to determine an individual's eligibility for housing programs.
This also enables DHS and its providers – the organizations that operate shelters funded by DHS – to coordinate services and track individuals throughout their stay in the shelter system.
Last Thursday, just over 60,000 individuals utilized DHS shelters and immigrants – who make up more than a third of New York City's population – comprise a significant proportion of that shelter population, according to published reports.
Undocumented immigrants barred from federal, state and city housing programs like Section 8 or Living in Communities (LINC) Rental Assistance often turn to shelters as their lone option for consistent sleeping quarters. Meanwhile, some undocumented immigrants with diagnosed mental illnesses do not qualify for placement in supportive housing – permanent housing with on-site social services – and thus remain stranded in shelters.
Even when the city does record immigration status information, they are "extremely unlikely" to comply with federal government requests, especially given the vague interpretation of Trump's executive order and existing immigration law, says Lenni Benson, a professor at New York Law School and director of the Safe Passage Project for undocumented immigrant youth.
"The importance of the details matter," Benson says. "Until the federal government articulates rules and programs and specifics, I don't think people should stay away from safe housing because they are afraid the city would have to turn over their records."
"The people who need the essentials in life such as going to the hospital, going to school or going to the shelter, in New York City can do that with really good security that they're not going to be apprehended," she adds. "The city will not [hand over information] voluntarily or quickly. They've been really clear about that."
DHS Spokesman Isaac McGinn said the city would not share immigration status information with the federal government.
"As always, we protect the privacy of any and all confidential client information shared with DHS for the purposes of determining program, service or benefit eligibility or the provision of city services," McGinn said in an email.
ICE told City Limits that they have not focused on detaining immigrants at homeless shelters.
"U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement has not conducted any enforcement actions in or around homeless shelters, nor does it maintain an ongoing relationship with the NYC Department of Homeless Services," said ICE spokesperson Rachael Yong Yow in an email.
Unsettled law lingers
In 1996, the federal government passed a law stating that a locality could not prevent an employee from reporting undocumented immigrants. Though Mayor Rudy Giuliani fought it, the City lost when the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit upheld the federal law.
In 2003, Bloomberg's Executive Order 34 did enable the City to collaborate with federal immigration enforcement for the first time since the Ed Koch administration in order to comply with federal law.
A few months later, Bloomberg issued Executive Order 41 to prohibit disclosure of information pertaining to several other vulnerable classes in addition to undocumented immigrants. The broader directive enabled the order to withstand federal pressure because it prohibited disclosure to anyone, not just the federal government, Rutgers Law Professor Bernard Bell says.
Bell says he believes that the Appellate Court's 1999 decision and 8 U.S.C. 1373 are both unconstitutional but have yet to be tested in higher court.
"There is a strong Tenth Amendment anti-commandeering argument that requiring localities to provide information and interfering with their control over their own employees is unconstitutional," Bell says.
Despite the relative protections upheld by the city, anti-immigration policies and a xenophobic atmosphere throughout the country affect immigrants here, says Ernie Collette, an attorney with the nonprofit law firm MFY.
"A lot of immigrants in the shelter system have protections because they're in New York City, but that doesn't diminish the fear that they could be removed," Collette says. "We have to make sure we really do back up what we say by protecting immigrants who are in the shelter system so they aren't choosing between sleeping in a shelter or sleeping in the street because their rights are infringed."
Following ICE raids on Central American families throughout the country in January 2016, the Mayor's Office of Immigration Affairs released a statement affirming the city's commitment to safeguarding residents' immigration information under Executive Order 41.
"City agencies are forbidden by Executive Order 41 to ask about immigration status unless it is necessary to determine eligibility for a benefit or service," the statement read. "If an individual does share his or her immigration status or other confidential information with city employees, city employees may not report this to anyone, except when it is necessary for the investigation of an illegal activity, other than mere status as an undocumented immigrant."
City Limits coverage of housing policy is supported by the New York Community Trust and the Charles H. Revson Foundation.
By Sandy Nurse and Anna Kelles
Kids Who Lost Parents to COVID, In Their Own Words
By Liz Donovan, Sam Rabiyah and Muriel Alarcón
The Pandemic Robbed Thousands of NYC Children of Parents. Many Aren't Getting the Help They Need.
By Liz Donovan and Fazil Khan
NYC Housing Calendar, Jan. 25-Feb. 1
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With SWEAT, Labor Advocates Renew Push For Anti-Wage Theft Legislation
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2 thoughts on "Shelter System and Other NYC Services Should Be Safe for Migrants, Experts Say"
Jarrett Murphy on March 9, 2017 at 9:04 am said:
Joe Bialek from Cleveland, Ohio, writes to City Limits:
My grandfather Albert Joseph Bialek came to the United States from Poland
{Galicia} in 1910. Per the Ellis Island website he boarded the ship Kaiser
Wilhelm der Grosse in Bremen, Germany {formerly Prussia}. He had just
completed his service in the Austrian Army. Poland at that time was divided
into three spheres of influence by Austria, Prussia and Russia. Upon being
discharged he returned to his father's farm. Officers from the Austrian
Army made an attempt to reenlist him but tradition dictated that he could
remain at home so long as he was sorely needed on the farm. Immediately
after the officers departed Albert's father gave him his brother's travel
documents and instructed him to immigrate to the United States. His father
knew that war was coming and he didn't want to lose his son to it. It took
me longer to locate my grandfather on the passenger list because I had
forgotten he was traveling under the name Jan and not Albert. Given the
fact that Albert entered the United States under the name Jan Bialek and
later burned his immigration papers it is evident he was by definition a "illegal
immigrant." He went on to become a very hard-working brick mason and
law-abiding citizen raising 12 children with the help of his Polish wife
Mary {nee Mazan} and the rest {as they say} is history.
Just as Cleveland {Ohio} is a city of neighborhoods so is the United States
a country of immigrants. In fact all the major cities of America {at one
time} served as incubators for immigrants to not only become accustomed
to the ways of this country but also to intermingle with each other {often
prohibited in their native homeland}. It's a shame that the inner cities were
handed over to the absentee landlords following World War ll. Just imagine
how much stronger and united our country might have been had this unofficial
tradition continued. Gentrification is not the answer. Preventing immigration is
not the solution. Intense vetting is acceptable during these challenging times
but to unfairly deny one person access to the United States makes us all orphans
again. As a popular song goes: "let me in immigration man."
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