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Sutton Bishop
Afraid to Fall (Ancient Passages Book 1) Kindle Edition
Sutton Bishop (Author)
› Visit Amazon's Sutton Bishop Page
Sutton Bishop (Author) Format: Kindle Edition
Guatemala—a country rife with civil unrest, human and narco-trafficking, and looters of antiquity is the perfect backdrop for AFRAID TO FALL—a steamy story of romance, adventure, and suspense.
Needing a break from both her personal and professional life, forensic anthropologist Ariana Antony makes a spur-of-the-moment decision to join a research expedition in Guatemala's Petén jungle.
Haunted by guilt, Dr. Luca Fierro is still healing from a tragic accident. His life revolves around research, teaching, and triathlons.
Ari and Luca first meet. Their attraction is explosive. It is also off-limits.
Can Ari lower her defenses and let Luca in? Can Luca heal his deep wounds and explore new territory with Ari?
What begins as a scientific adventure turns into a life-and-death struggle for survival, forcing them to explore and confront their demons and desires.
*** For Mature Audiences Only ***
Releases March 2, 2021. Pre-order Beyond Order: 12 More Rules for Life now with Pre-order Price Guarantee.
Afraid to Hope (Ancient Passages Book 2)
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April Wilson
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"Bishop writes sex with sizzle and heart -- it's more about the passion that hitting all the graphic high points. Bishop is a breath of fresh air in a genre that is losing its passion for romance."
"Sutton nails this story. I don't often enjoy books written in 3rd person. I can find it hard to connect to the characters but never did I feel like this throughout Afraid To Fall. She writes adventure romance in comparison to other great authors like Karina Halle. It's clear that Sutton is knowledgeable about archeology AND Guatemala. The storyline and environment were filled with tiny details only one familiar with both would be able to share. I enjoyed the steamy scenes as they were just the right amount of intimacy. Ari and Luca are so swoon worthy and following their adventurous tale was addicting."
"Jungle heat and romantic sizzle combine in the debut novel by Sutton Bishop. Bishop writes a story in which her main characters have believable backstories. STOP THE PRESSES! The author doesn't provide any made up angst to manipulate her readers. WOW!! It was refreshing to actually believe the emotional motivations of both Ari and Luca, the main characters. Instead of 'insta-love', the author provided me, the reader, with an actual story of two people not looking for a relationship or love, but drawn to each other like moths to a flame. Both Ari and Luca have been burned by past relationships. Ari, especially, is totally not looking or wanting any kind of entanglement. She has put a huge X through relationships. The author doesn't just give lip service to the character's emotions; you feel Ari's visceral reluctance. Bishop writes realistic and smart characters with whom I could experience the story as her writing pulled me into the narrative. I wasn't just an observer but a participant in the story. I joined Ari and Luca as they experienced the heat of the Guatemalan jungle, made friends, swam in the crystal clear water, and excavated ancient ruins. Both characters personalities resonated as being true to their emotional pasts.
The romance and the relationship bloom in the Guatemalan jungle during an archeological dig to explore the Mayan civilizations. The author sprinkles Mayan lore throughout the book which is fun and fascinating, but the jungles of Guatemala aren't the safest and she adds some startling adventure twists when extreme danger enters the camp."
--This text refers to the paperback edition.
ASIN : B07HMGVZXP
Publisher : NliveN, LLC (2 November 2018)
Page numbers source ISBN : 0989881644
10,059 in Multicultural Romance (Books)
67,238 in Contemporary Romance (Kindle Store)
90,580 in Contemporary Romance (Books)
Deb from Oz
TOP 50 REVIEWER
5.0 out of 5 stars A great suspense tale
This is a totally new author for me and I must admit I wasn't actually sure what I had signed up for but I like to try new authors and I wasn't disappointed in the least.
This is primarily a adventure story with a ver healthy dash of ramnce thrown in The romance isn't secondary by nay stretch of the imagination but it isn't the primary factor either This is just a real good old fashioned adventure story The writing is so well done that I could almost smell the rotting vegetation and feel the sweat dripping of me.
This is the story of Ariana Antony who is a female anthropologist (Tempe Brennan anyone) there she meets Dr. Luca Fierro. Both have issues in their pasts she has walls so high no man cam ever scale them and he is still hiding in work after a tragic accident in his past but the attraction between them is instant. Will they have any chance at a HEA together when there scientific expedition becomes a life and death struggle of survival
5.0 out of 5 stars Amazing jungle trip to love
Reviewed in the United States on 4 November 2018
I rarely give 5 stars for books, but this one gets them. From the first narratives of Mayan mythology to the modern day story, the reader is swept away like a wild river ride. The descriptions of the primitive jungles, countryside and charming towns of Guatemala are fascinating and well-written better than most travel magazines, richly evoking the sense of time and p!ace. Sutton's clever characters are super easy to follow, admire and fall into love with them. Ariana & Luca are fatefully put together with a fun 'meet cute' scene. Although, Ari's hot easy temper is surprising but we soon understand why.
The palpable sexy tension between these two are fun and of course, we want it!
Great driven plot, smooth swings and story arcs to keep the reader engaged. It is a 'burning page turner' that I had a difficult time putting aside to sleep! Strong and crisp writing with relevant bits of erudite history or dialogue to make the professional characters realistic.
Well done in blending together the author's life's pursuit and academic interest into a bright star of a novel. Loved it!
5.0 out of 5 stars A must read!
If you enjoy romance, intrigue, suspense, and history with a good dose of passion thrown in, "Afraid to Fall" is for you. Sutton Bishop's inaugural novel blends rich Guatemalan culture and lore with an intriguing, sexy, and at times suspenseful plot. This, combined with well-defined characters, makes for the perfect read on a cold fall day (or a sultry summer afternoon!). "Afraid to Fall" kept me wanting more. The story was interesting from the very first page. I was immediately immersed into the story and felt I was in Guatemala, even though I have never been there. I could literally feel the heat oozing off of the page…and I'm not just talking about the weather!
Sutton Bishop knows how to paint a picture for her readers and has obviously done her research. From reading her interviews, I understand she has a background in anthropology and forensics. This is evident as you progress through the book, yet I did not feel bogged down by technical and historical facts.
It's hard to believe this is Bishop's first novel. She presents as a well-seasoned romance writer. I can't wait to see what she has in store for us with her next book.
Devin Borroum
5.0 out of 5 stars Exciting and steamy adventure
Sutton nails this story. I don't often enjoy books written in 3rd person. I can find it hard to connect to the characters but never did I feel like this throughout Afraid To Fall. She writes adventure romance in comparison to other great authors like Karina Halle. It's clear that Sutton is knowledgeable about archeology AND Guatemala. The storyline and environment were filled with tiny details only one familiar with both would be able to share. I enjoyed the steamy scenes as they were just the right amount of intimacy. Ari and Luca are so swoon worthy and following their adventurous tale was addicting.
4.0 out of 5 stars Great debut effort
I'm a very serious romance reader, as in more than 7 books per week.
So what did I like? Wow, I felt like I was in Guatemala - enough description of being on an architectural dig, without wasting too much time on the gory details. I liked both of the main characters and felt like the secondary characters were real and fleshed out. I got the connection between the 2 main characters and it felt real.
What I didn't like - the early part of the book just felt a bit awkward - there were a couple of times that I came out of the book and said, "huh?" The timeline felt strange - I just couldn't get a sense of how much time had passed - I know Luca and Ari were busy, but it just didn't fly with me that the romance didn't progress for over 6-8 weeks because they were both too busy.
I gave it 4 stars because I'm pretty tough, but I will definitely buy the next in the series.
Jenny Kalahar
5.0 out of 5 stars Nail-biting adventure and smart, engaging characters
Submerging and engaging, pulse-pounding adventure with a slow-building romance. It has many smart, interesting details that make it clear the author has not merely painted a generic background for her novel--she has lived in this environment and wants to give you the experience, too.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Where is Jesus in "The Bible"?
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Where is Jesus in "The Bible"?
My wife and I decided that as part of our Easter celebration this year, we would begin watching the History Channel TV miniseries "The Bible" with our three daughters.
I am sure people have reviewed this miniseries to death on other blogs, so I will not say much about it.
And yes, I think the violence is gratuitous in this miniseries. There were numerous times where fight scenes were completely unnecessary, and other times where the fight scenes seems to drag on and on, but then, they delete entire portions out of the Bible (such as all of Jacob's story, the 40 years of wilderness wanderings, etc.) Couldn't they have cut out the fight scenes and included a scene or two from these other crucial events?
I am not trying to sweep the violence of Scripture under the rug and ignore it, but when God's angels start pulling out their swords to hack people to pieces (as in the scene with Sodom and Gomorrah), it's a little too much.
I don't know about you, but I find it impossible to take the Jesus I read about in the Gospels, and put Him back into almost any violence scene in the Old Testament.
The Jesus I read about in the Gospels has compassion on the multitudes when they are hungry. Would this same Jesus give praise to God if He were on the boat with Noah while mothers and babies screamed on the outside as they were dragged to a drowning death?
Ultimately, then, it comes back around this question: Does Jesus fully reveal God to us or not?
If He does, then how do you make sense of the bloody and violent texts of the Old Testament, and the complete lack of such violence from Jesus in the Gospels?
This is why I am trying to forge an explanation with my "When God Pled Guilty" series. Frankly, I am quite excited about some recent developments in this series, but I know for a fact that when I am done, my proposal will not be fully satisfactory (even to me).
They chose the stories they did (leaving out Jacob, for example) because the entire series is running on a theme of "saviors of Israel," leading up to the Messiah. Abraham, for example, is highlighted as being the man willing to sacrifice his own child for a greater cause (like God); hence, why he is chosen to be the father of a mighty nation.
That being said, the violence bothered my mother as well. It didn't bother me so much, or my dad, but she actually refused to continue watching it after a certain point.
Ah. I didn't recognize the parallelism.
Of course, this raises the question even more … why are so many of the savior's of Israel so violent when Jesus is not?
How can a loving merciful God kill the first born of Egyptians, just because the pharaoh did not believe? I'm pretty sure the first born really had no idea of the battle between Moses and the pharaoh. The common people of Egypt suffer because GOD wants to convince the pharaoh how powerful HE is? The pharaoh makes a choice and the common people die and go to hell for it? It just does not make sense to me, that JESUS would do this. The only thing I can say is GOD does what HE does and that's it. Part of HIS will, the big plan. It just seems contradictory to JESUS.
Can you explain this away?
Excellent, excellent question. It is THE question.
Christians have never had a good answer to this question, and so it is fully understandable why many people don't want to worship a God who slaughters babies in their sleep. It's despicable.
Anyway, I do have an answer, and will be posting it here on this blog in a month or so (it is part of a book I am currently writing on this very topic, and so the posts need to go up in order).
Haven't seen the series but will take a shot at your question. Beyond the violence in the OT, there's the bigger story of the battle between God and Satan, good and evil, that continues. That battle is still violent. . . just that the battleground has shifted. In the OT blessings and battles were material and physical. . . now they're spiritual but the battles are intense and faith is a fight. That which wounds and kills the soul is worse than what is done to the body. . . broken hearts are harder to heal than broken arms and legs. Thinking hell is a place of torment not because of pain to the body but to the soul. . . can't imagine what it would be like to be eternally alive and knowing and yet be "away from the presence of the Lord and from the glory of his might." Don't know about you, but know what I am apart from Christ. . . what would it be like to be left to what I am in myself, alive forever, knowing there's a God but can never be in Him and without any power to get there? Fire penetrates deep, no rest for the soul. Thinking that souls are eternal, that God is merciful to everyone that way. . . that we're left to our own choices and what comes of that, can't hang that on God.
Yes, there is definitely a spiritual battle going on, and we are living in a war zone. In a war, terrible things happen, and there are casualties. However, do you think we can say that God himself sometimes causes the "collateral damage"?
Hey man, not sure if that question's rhetorical, but sometimes seems this whole human experiment is a failure. . . that the only way anyone is like God in character is by being delivered and saved. Amazed that it takes the same power spiritually that God has to hold the universe together to raise and make us alive in Christ. . . almost seems like it takes more power to fashion a heart in us that is fully set on him. He has the power, not sure why he doesn't make all alive in Christ since he could. Not sure why he doesn't stop the slaughter of brothers and sisters by Boko Haram in Nigeria. But not thinking God is not love because he doesn't save all. . . is he unloving because he doesn't save Satan, he's created too. Thinking God is loving doing what is needed to get us home. Know that brothers and sisters in Nigeria that remain have this living union with God in Christ that enables them to stand in the slaughter and have love for their enemies and be genuine in this world.
Wow, tough questions. These are the hard questions. It is easy to theologize, but the sorts of questions you are asking is where the rubber really hits the road.
I think God is doing everything He can to get us home. I like the imagery on that. I don't think, however, that this involves God killing people. If our struggle is not against flesh and blood, then I don't think God's is either. We are living in a warzone, though, and in war, bad things do happen. There is a fuller answer, but I will try to address it more deeply in the book.
Thinking violence is just the far end of the spectrum of everything less than God saving. For me the greater question is that infinite love and infinite power doesn't save everyone. Instead seem to find the opposite. . . "though they were not yet born and had done nothing either good or bad. . . Jacob I loved but Esau I hated." God chooses, and favors his choice. . . "For I am the Lord your God, the Holy One of Israel, your Savior. I give Egypt as your ransom, Cush and Seba in exchange for your life. Because you are precious in my eyes, and honored, and I love you, I give men in return for you, peoples in exchange for your life." Is infinitely powerful love obligated to save everyone, or can He make choices? If He chooses not to save everyone, is He no longer loving? For me the more compelling issue is the love of God, not the violence of/against man.
Should have added that while the answers I come up with are just questions, know that in the end God's choices will be vindicated. . . that what He has chosen to do will be the most just, the most righteous, the most loving. Forget who said it but it is an arrogant/risky proposition for man to call God before the bar of justice. For me, don't want my ignorance and lack of answers to cloud the beauty of who God is. Lots of times on this journey lack understanding of the why's. . . can struggle for answers that do not come, but then always find faith is the answer. . . doesn't always satisfy the head, but settles the heart.
If Christianity is simply the "invention" of humankind and not divinely inspired, then it is possible to have a diety that can be simultaneously cruel and loving because it is the invention of human beings. It is their "concept" of right and wrong we are experiencing and not that of an omnipotent being.
Some call those books the "Old Testament". Other call them the "Hebrew Testament" or "Jewish Testament". Although people use those terms for a variety of reasons, I do know those who think those books tell stories of the religion and culture of the ancient Jews, and as such are only history. That implies many things, but of course it means Jesus wasn't there because he had yet to be born.
Yes, I tend to refer to them as the "Hebrew Scriptures" but also refer to them as the "Old Testament" so people don't get confused. I think the "Old Testament" is a bit derogatory… Regardless, I agree that they do tell the history of the ancient Jewish people and their religion. As such, this means that modern Western Christians need to be very careful how we read, understand, and apply the Hebrew Scriptures. They are not instructions for us or for our time.
Then there is the person who sees love as a noun. This person doesn't view scripture in a linear fashion. He believes that linear interpretation of the bible leads to irreparable contradictions. Therefore, he interprets scripture through a different lens. To him, God's essence/nature is love, and all his attributes come from his nature. If there are attributes that mitigate against God's essence, for instance wrath, then this person assumes either God has been misunderstood or wrath has been misunderstood.
So, and adjective or a noun? Essence or attribute? There's a big difference.
Interesting. I tend to believe Love is a verb. How would that affect what you are saying? I like your point about the non-linear nature of Scripture. Will be thinking on this more.
I think that love is a noun that shows itself in our lives in verbs. Love is the image of God within us. It is the original design of the heart that has been twisted/marred by self. Some of us are twisted more than others, and our verbs/actions show the state of our hearts. As we allow, God's spirit (love) comes into our lives and untwists us from the state we are in into a state of true humanness, beings created to love.
Yeah, that's probably a good way of putting it. I like the way you phrased it. Thanks!
Jeremy, this is probably one of the most interesting, thought provoking, and important subjects that I have come across. I think of all of the various people that call themselves atheists because the traditional Evangelical Christian viewpoint about the God of the old testament is really quite absurd. It makes no sense. These are intelligent people and because it does not make logical sense they throw out Christianity and, unfortunately, God and Jesus go right out with the lot. I want so much for them to see who God really is and that is why Jesus came so that we could see and so we too, by the spirit of Christ, could show them.
I think that I am beginning to see what is going on in the Old Testament. God is always given the blame, isn't He??
Adam blamed God right from the very beginning for having given Eve to him. Is this what is going on throughout the whole old testament and still continues on to this very day? And is what happened to Jesus on the cross is that He took all that blame for all that sin upon Himself and put it all to death? Why?? Was it because it was God greatest desire to have a family to love, a bride for His Son and a dwelling place for Himself? He would take all the blame just for the sake of love.
I am taking these thoughts from many things that I have read and trying to put together pieces of the picture of who God is. What do you think?
Yes, yes, yes! You get it!
Even today, we like to blame God for so many things, and while He wants us to see the truth of the matter, that we ourselves are guilty, until we come to realize that, He is fine taking the blame because He loves us so much!


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Marcus Stoinis Slams Highest Individual Score in BBL
Melbourne Stars' opener Marcus Stoinis rewrote history books on Sunday as he slammed his maiden century during his team's Big Bash League (BBL) encounter against Sydney Sixers at the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG). Cartwright gone back to the pavilion after scoring 59 down 40 balls.
219/1 - Melbourne Stars' total of 219/1 is their highest in the Big Bash League surpassing the 208/7 against Melbourne Renegades in 2013-14 season.
Sixers seamer Ben Dwarshuis conceded 61 runs from his four overs - the most expensive return in the Big Bash - with England man Tom Curran taken for 58 from his four overs in Melbourne. Melbourne scored 219 for just one wicket in 20 overs. Moises Henriques made a classy 41 but his departure in the 11th over snuffed out all hope. However, that was not enough for the Sixers to cross the winning line. Aaron Finch also faced 79 balls for his unbeaten 131 for Surrey in the 2018 T20 Blast against Sussex.
The star of the game was undoubtedly Stars' opener batsman Marcus Stoinis, who played a superb unbeaten knock of 147. The last 24 balls were carnage as the Stars struck six fours and four sixes to all parts of the MCG. There were ramps, uppercuts, off drives, pull shots and an outrageous bottom-handed flick from Stoinis that cleared the long boundary at midwicket.
It was on the penultimate delivery of the 10th over when Stoinis ran a single off Sixers spinner Lloyd Pope to cross the 50-run mark.
Only once had a side ever chased more in the BBL, when the Hobart Hurricanes mowed down 223 against the Melbourne Renegades.
The Sixers needed everything to go their way, though, and, well, it just did not happen. James Vince also should have fallen but was dropped by Hinchliffe at deep square. Stoinis' knock is also the highest individual T20 score on Australian soil going past Shane Watson's 124* for Australia in the 2016 Sydney T20I against India.
European powers trigger Iran nuclear deal dispute process
Iran grants Canada investigators access to downed plane
'Little Women' Cast Reacts To Greta Gerwig's Best Director Snub
Using Huawei in United Kingdom 5G network 'would be madness', USA claims
However, UK officials have suggested they are not anxious that such a review would lead to any substantive change in behaviour. They also said the UK's intelligence-sharing relationship with America could be cut off.
What's missing from this year's Oscar nominations
Other films that make multiple appearances on the nominations list include Jojo Rabbit , Little Women , Once Upon A Time... The only Black actor who received an Oscar nomination was Cynthia Erivo for playing Harriet Tubman in Harriet .
Clarice: CBS Orders Silence of the Lambs Sequel Series - canceled
Both films are based on Thomas Harris novels and Starling's relationship with the psychiatrist-serial killer Hannibal Lecter. The character of Clarice Starling was always a hot topic for the show, and fans were eager for her to show up at some point.
China's Geely in talks to acquire stake in Aston Martin
China Geely Automobile is in talks with Aston Martin officials to put together a deal, various media reports said. According to Reuters, amid rumours emerged of a significant growth in the value of shares of Aston Martin .
It's an obvious concern with the world's eyes set to be glued on Melbourne during the two-week championship from Monday. But that did not help qualifier Jakupovic, who had to be helped from the court after retiring at 6-4 5-6.
The malware developers have also obtained many fake reviews for their app variants on the Google Play to boost user confidence. According to the group, Google should not certify any device from a manufacturer that fails to adhere to these rules.
In two and a half years as Barcelona coach, Valverde won two LaLiga Santander titles, one Supecopa de Espana and one Copa del Rey. My idea is to continue playing next year, I still get a lot of excitement from it and this year I've enjoyed everything".
Hobart International: Sania Mirza makes winning return, advances to women's doubles quarterfinals
An Iranian missile took down the Ukraine passenger jet, claim United States officials
Renault shares hit six-year low on rumors of Nissan split
Bitcoin Futures Volumes Outperform Spot Markets on Binance
Grand Theft Auto 4 is no longer sold on Steam
Imminent Attacks? Trump Originally Ordered Soleimani's Death In June
Tottenham boss Mourinho: Toughest challenge since Porto
Hazardous bushfire smoke over Melbourne affects Australian Open players
Florida rapper Trick Daddy arrested for drunk driving, cocaine possession


The Winter 2013 Pre-College Research Symposium is the culmination of the activities and dissemination process of the Saturday Academy Program of the Ana G. Méndez University System (AGMUS). For a period of four months, since August 2013, all of you, worked long hours in the research laboratories of the AGMUS campuses, Polytechnic University, Inter-American University-San Germán, Barranquitas, Bayamón and Metro, the University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez and Humacao, the University of the Virgin Islands, among others, with the guidance and mentorship of fourty-eight professors and student research mentors in two-hundred thirty-three research projects in the areas of astronomy, atmospheric sciences, biology, genomics, bio-mathematics, bio-statistics, computational chemistry, computer sciences, applied mathematics, engineering, environmental sciences, physics, and robotics.
One of the objectives of the Winter 2013 Pre-College Research Symposium is to offer young motivated high school researchers the opportunity to learn and to practice their communication skills in a formal professional scientific meeting. A second objective is to give high school students of Puerto Rico a forum for the presentation of the results and findings of their research projects to teachers, research mentors, family members, and the university community at large.
The Ana G. Méndez University and the Student Research Development Center are proud of the results obtained by the pre-college students and their mentors in the Winter 2013 Saturday Academy Program and the Winter 2013 Pre-College Research Symposium. I hope your experience inspires you and your peers to select science, technology, engineering or mathematics as your field of study in the near future.
Abstract Submission Deadline is November 23, 2013.


Hey guys looking for a garage to lower my car in the etobicoke/mississauga region. Since there are garages that charge an arm and a leg i am looking for one that is reasonably priced and does a good job at the same time. Any recommend any places???
do u know how much they charge???
igarage is the place to go..
to be honest, he does it for a lot of rsx.. so his price must be good!
The problem is its quite far for someone from Mississauga. Anyshop can do the installation. The only concern should be the alignment shop.
its worth it for me!
Any shop should know how to do it but they can still do a sloppy job, such as inconsistent or poorly tightened bolts, not putting anti-seize on those lower rear shock bolts that are often difficult to get off. mangling the interior shock tower covers or messing up the interior when they climb in. etc.
You should know how creative some of these shop can be at fuking up your car.
The shop job-knowledge is not so hard to find; its the care and attention to detail that is.
Dare I say it... Go to Igarage. I've been there; their service quality is very good.
Hahha what kind of shop doesnt have that tool? Mr Lube?
Lucky you didnt let them work on your car.
To me if you want to have the best care for your car, then DIY. Thats what i did. I spent more time working on it but its worth it.
I dont know if you have coilovers or not, but not many alignment shops can deal with them. I have such experience here in Hamilton. I had to drive to Etobicoke to have it done right. The place is called (Altech). A member here recommend me that shop and i'm very happy. They let you stay right by your car, explain any issues to you.
You can buy a set of spring compressors for less than $40... it's not a complicated piece of a equipment.
I would do it myself but I generally don't have the time.
Also does anyone recommend sending in my tein flex suspension to tein for a tuneup/maint service done on them?


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Thomas Gastineau, student leader of CRU Club and senior, works quietly during SRT. Student leaders were assigned themes for each month.
With the second semester of CRU Club starting, there have been themes assigned for each month that CRU Club will focus on in each meeting on Tuesday mornings.
According to Thomas Gastineau, student leader of CRU Club, every student leader was assigned a month.


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If you are considering the purchase of your first DSLR camera, but don't understand all of the technical stuff, read this first.
Disclaimer: I am not an expert. This is information I have learned and gathered as a beginner.
In the olden days of film photography, the image was formed by the light hitting the film. Today, the light hits the digital sensor to create the image. The size of the sensor has a very big impact on the quality of the image. The larger the sensor, the better the quality of the image.
Most high-end DSLR cameras have what is known as a 35 mm, or full frame sensor. Entry and mid level DSLR cameras mostly have what is called a cropped sensor. A cropped sensor is slightly smaller than the full frame sensor, but still about 5 times the size of the sensor on the average point and shoot camera. In the diagram above, the green or orange small boxes would represent the sensor size on a point and shoot camera. DSLR sensors are marked in the larger boxes.
The result of the sensor size on image quality isn't important to this post, but the sensor size will be in issue in two areas, so pay attention to this!
There are two main reasons issues where the sensor size will come into play. Firstly, the sensor size will determine which lenses will fit on the camera. There are plenty of exceptions, but here's the basic rule: most lenses will fit on a camera with a cropped sensor. However, not all lenses will fit on full frame sensor cameras.
Bottom line: if you are buying a lower-end DSLR, you most likely won't need to worry about this. If you are thinking to upgrade, read up on this more before purchasing additional lenses.
There's another reason that the sensor size is important, but I'll explain that after we discuss Focal Length.
Let's start with a reference point. The approximate focal length that you see with the naked eye is 50 millimeters (mm).
Anything lower than that will be a wider focal length. Anything higher than that will be a narrower, or closer focal length.
Wide Angle: Say you are in an auditorium with a large number of people, and you want to capture as many of them at a time as possible in your image. With the naked eye you can see a certain portion of the room, but with a lower focal length lens, such as 24 mm, you can get a wider view of the room.
Telephoto: Imagine you are vacationing near a mountain range, and you want to get a photo of a mountain top off in the distance. While your naked eye might see it surrounded by other mountains and various scenery, with a telephoto lens (one with a higher focal length than 50 mm) you can get a close picture of just the mountain top. Conversely, if you want to get the entire mountain range, you will want to use a wide angle lens (see above).
Let's make it all visual, shall we?
Fixed/Prime Lens vs Zoom Lens: A lens with just one focal length number in the description (for example, a 100 mm lens) is called a Prime Lens. This lens has one focal length option- that's it. The only way to zoom with a prime lens is with your feet. A zoom lens, on the other hand, has a range. For example, a common lens is an 18-55 mm lens. This lens runs the range from 18 mm (wide angle) to 55 mm. With a zoom lens, (as the name indicates) you can zoom on the lens itself, without having to move.
Now let's talk about sensor sizes again, and how they tie into lenses and focal length.
F-Stop and what it means: the F-stop number represents the size of the aperture, or opening which allows light into your picture. The number indicated in the lens specs is the lowest possible f-stop.
This is a bit counter-intuitive, so pay attention: the lower the f-stop, the larger the aperture, or opening, which means the more light you will have in your photo. If all you plan to shoot is outdoor photos in the middle of a sunny day, this number isn't that important to you. But if you, like me, do lots of photography in low-light situations (such as your kitchen at midnight) the minimum f-stop number is very important. I mostly use a macro lens with a minimum f-stop number of f/2.8. That's what I use for 95% of my nighttime food shots. Many people like to use a 50 mm f/1.8 (or f/1/4, if you can afford it) as those are very low, giving you the largest possible aperture, or opening for your picture.
Macro Lenses are important for people interested in food photography, as close up photos of food are often the ones we most want to sink our teeth into. One important specification to look at is the maximum reproduction ratio. A ratio of 1:1 means that you can take a photo in which you reproduce the subject it's actual size. A ratio of 1:2 will let you reproduce the subject half it's size. If you are wondering why a macro lens is important, this is it. A reproduction ratio of 1:5.5 won't cut it with food photography.
Once you chose your camera and your lens, you will need to learn about other terms, like shutter speed, ISO, aperture, among others. If you don't have a DSLR camera yet, and these numbers and terms all seem very difficult to understand, don't panic. Once you hold the camera in your hand these numbers will make a lot more sense to you.
My biggest piece of advice for the new camera owner is this: immediately take it out of auto mode to force yourself to learn the settings. The best guide I've seen for this is at Kevin and Amanda.
If you just got your camera and you're panicking because you are in over your head and totally lost, calm down. I was there too. I got through it. You will too.
Don't overspend on the body. In most cases, it pays to go with a less expensive model and spend the extra money on the lens.
Don't be sucked into consumer tricks like "packages" which contain a whole bunch of accessories that you don't necessarily need or want. Focus on the body and the lens(es) and worry about the accessories later.
When choosing between Canon and Nikon (or any of the other camera companies) choose carefully! Lenses can't be switched between companies, so once you buy a Canon or Nikon lens, you basically sign yourself up for life. Think of it as getting married to one of these camera companies.
Don't necessarily ditch the kit lens. The popular advice online is not to buy the kit lens, but I don't think it's so simple. If you plan to do nothing but food photography with your DSLR camera, you will probably never use the kit lens. However, if you have a life outside of food blogging (I see your eyes rolling here) there will be times that you will want a zoom lens with a wider angle, and will really be happy to have the kit lens. I can't tell you how many times I have been thrilled to have my 18-55 lens. It is important to note that if you change your mind later on, you will never be able to get the kit lens as cheaply as you can together with the body.
As a salesperson, I am probably supposed to push extended warranties, but I am not gaining anything by telling you this: I am a huge fan of them. I bought one with mine, and think you should to. Drop your camera a month after you buy it and your manufacturer's warranty won't cover it.
Do you feel that you have outgrown your point-and-shoot, but don't feel ready for a DSLR camera?
Whether it's a financial concern, or you simply don't feel like you have the skills needed to be successful with a DSLR camera, but you want more out of your pictures than you can get with your point and shoot, there are in-between options to consider.
I am by no means an expert in these, and have, in fact, never used one, but many people are very happy with a Mirrorless Camera System. These cameras are smaller, lighter and less expensive than a DSLR camera. They have many options and they do have interchangeable lenses. Obviously you shouldn't chose a camera for this alone, but they are also way prettier than DSLR cameras.
Another option to consider is a high-end point and shoot, which is really more of a bridge between an SLR camera and a point and shoot. Some current models to look at (as of March 2012) are the Canon Powershot G12 or the Nikon CoolPix P7100. There are some newer models in the in-between category such as the Canon Powershot G1X, but it is expected to cost about as much as a DSLR camera.
Most importantly, don't be intimidated by the technical aspect and the jargon involved in photography. If you want to learn, you can.
Was this helpful? Do you have any questions? Please let me know in the comment section below.


text:
Czarny potok – eksperymentalna powieść Leopolda Buczkowskiego, napisana w 1946 roku, wydana w 1954.

Akcja utworu rozgrywa się na Podolu w miejscowości Szabasowa i jej okolicach jesienią 1943 roku. Bohaterami są znani autorowi ludzie wspomniani nazwiskiem lub pseudonimem, którzy prowadzą walkę z Niemcami oraz miejscową policją ukraińską.

Powieść ukazuje zagładę i chaos powstały podczas II wojny światowej. Wszechobecna jest śmierć i cierpienie. Dla bohaterów Czarnego potoku jedynym ratunkiem zatrzymania człowieczeństwa jest powrót do zasad elementarnych oraz pozostawienie w sobie resztek rozumu, a znamieniem człowieka jest jego pamięć. Dla osób przedstawionych w powieści lepiej jest oszaleć niż stracić wolność.

Krajobrazy w utworze są szare i płaskie, oceniane z perspektywy możliwości ucieczki i ukrycia się w nich. Rzeczywistość ogranicza się do prostych odruchów biologicznych.
Buczkowski w swej powieści zastosował konstrukcję szkatułkową – pewne całostki wątku mogą powtórzyć się w drugim. Narracja prowadzona w utworze jest fragmentaryczna. Buczkowski zadedykował swą powieść przyjacielowi, Heindlowi, który uczył autora matematycznego oglądu świata. Heindl bywa narratorem w Czarnym potoku – najpierw w rozmowie z innym, nieznanym bliżej człowiekiem, potem wygłasza coś w rodzaju monologu wypowiedzianego, by wreszcie oddać głos następnym osobom, bliżej nie przedstawionym, które opowiadają jedna po drugiej krótkie historie. Taki rodzaj narracji oraz świat przedstawiony utworu mają ukazać chaos i bezład świata ogarniętego wojną, gdzie brakuje kolejności przedstawianych wydarzeń zmierzających do pozytywnego lub negatywnego zakończenia.

Przypisy

Linki zewnętrzne
 Czarny potok / Leopold Buczkowski BN

Polskie powieści wojenne
Powieści z 1954
Utwory literackie o II wojnie światowej

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Asad Ismi	in Africa, Articles, Assassinations, Britain, Capitalism, Colonialism, Communism, Corporate criminals, Corporations, Corruption, Crimes against humanity, Europe, Human Rights, Lonmin, Massacres, Mining, MTN, Neocolonialism, Poverty and Inequality, Repression, Socialism, South Africa, Unemployment, Unions, Wealth Redistribution, Women, Workers	| March 1, 2019
By Asad Ismi
When South Africans go to the polls in May, they will have a radical new choice on the ballot. The Socialist Revolutionary Workers' Party (SRWP) of South Africa, which announced itself in December, will formally launch its election bid this March. Created by the National Union of Metalworkers of South Africa (NUMSA), the country's biggest labour union with 400,000 members, the party aims to unite the working class to fight capitalism and create a socialist South Africa free of mass poverty, unemployment and corruption.
"We are the only ones fighting for the total destruction of capitalism," SRWP and NUMSA spokesperson Phakamile Hlubi-Majola told Theto Mahlakoana of the Financial Mail in December. "We want a socialist [South Africa], where the interests of the working class will be primary and the wealth of the country will be used for the benefit of all."
According to Irvin Jim, NUMSA's general secretary, the party is growing rapidly and has a presence in all nine provinces of South Africa. That presence includes "a sizeable number of national leadership and branches," he told Mahlakoana. But the party's main emphasis is not on winning elections. "As communists," Jim explained, "we have an old view that elections are not necessarily a solution, however, they are a tactic that can be explored to test if we have the support of the working class."
Shaheen Khan, who serves on the national core and national working committee of the SRWP, tells me the party "grew out of two important historical moments." One was the Marikana massacre of 34 miners (at least 78 others were wounded) by state forces in 2012; the other was NUMSA's "conscious rejection" of the Tri-Partite Alliance [between the ruling African National Congress party, South African Communist Party and Congress of South African Trade Unions] in its resolutions taken in 2013.
"The 'NUMSA Moment' squarely raises the question of the creation of a vanguard working class party gaining a mass following in South Africa," says Khan. "This fundamentally changes the political landscape in the country."
Rather than pursuing votes, Khan says, the SRWP is "focused on using every opportunity to raise the consciousness of the working class on the nature of the capitalist system and our need to organize independently outside of parliament and against it." The party's aim is "merely to secure a presence in parliament from which we can raise the working class voice and expose the capitalist nature of parliament itself."
There have been other attempts to start radical leftist parties in South Africa, but none of them were backed by NUMSA, the country's most powerful union. Professor Patrick Bond, who teaches political economy at Witwatersrand (Wits) University in Johannesburg, tells me he's encouraged by this historic development, but also cautions that it may not be enough.
"I'm an independent ecosocialist so my bias is towards the kinds of social struggles that address concrete problems caused by capitalism at their root, in the commodity form, and in strengthening the power of labour in production and especially women's labour in social reproduction," he tells me.
"That means the main long-term agenda is transition to ecologically sound, decommodified, worker self-managed, community-controlled co-operative production and feminist systems of reproduction. I think the standard vehicles are appropriate: radical social movements allied with trade unions, together creating a socialist political party and eventually taking state power."
According to Bond, the closest the left in South Africa came to creating the kind of organization he favours was the United Front in 2014, in which NUMSA attempted to bring together labour, women, youth, the elderly, environmentalists, the LBGTQ+ rights movement and other progressives. The United Front fell apart, in Bond's opinion, partly because NUMSA "lost interest" in the project.
Khan disagrees with that outlook. He tells me the United Front "was designed to unite the working class in struggle, irrespective of party affiliation. This meant that within its ranks the United Front was always going to be facing different views and perspectives on the meaning and character of the struggle.
"There were very few real Communists in the UF to fight for a revolutionary perspective and transform the UF into a revolutionary, working class front," Khan says. "In this sense, while pockets of the UF still remain, it will fall to the SRWP to resurrect a militant and fighting UF in the country."
While forming a united front out of such diverse groups is a tall order for any organization, Imran Buccus says the time is right in South Africa for the SRWP's formation. Buccus, a senior researcher at the Auwal Socio-Economic Research Institute (ASRI) based in Johannesburg, points out that "the road is open" for NUMSA to capture a currently vacant political space on the left.
"They have a charismatic leader in Jim, an impressive organizational infrastructure, an equally impressive international network and a dues-paying base of 400,000 workers. There has never been a better foundation for anyone to start a new party in post-apartheid South Africa."
SRWP's two main competitor parties on the left are both discredited, says Buccus. These are the South African Communist Party (SACP) and the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF). The former has lost "its claim to being a party of the left," he says, due to the communists' alliance with the corrupt African National Congress (ANC) and especially its former leader Jacob Zuma, who had to be removed by his own party in February 2018.
The EFF, which often employs leftist and anti-corruption rhetoric and wins about 10% of the vote, has been embroiled in its own corruption scandals. The party allegedly benefited financially from the scandalous collapse of VBS Mutual Bank, with deputy leader Floyd Shivambu allegedly getting 10 million rand (just under $1 million) from VBS. He, in turn, tried to suppress the official investigation into VBS by questioning the integrity of officials in the National Treasury and the Reserve Bank.
Buccus calls the SRWP's formation "a thrilling moment." He acknowledges that the party does not have much time to build public support for the election, but maintains that "the presence of an explicitly left-wing party in the fray will shift the political discourse." The SRWP's emergence, for Buccus, is "an important step towards the normalization of our politics, and towards offering real choices to the electorate."
After 25 years of ANC rule, 65% of South Africans still live in poverty, 40% are unemployed, and voters are disillusioned from the unending corruption scandals stemming from the looting of public resources by ANC leaders and officials. Not surprisingly, the World Bank declared South Africa the most unequal country in the world (in terms of income) in an April 2018 report.
Adding to these disasters on the eve of the election is the country's "stagnant economy" according to Azar Jammine, director of Econometrix, a South African economic consultancy firm. The South African economy went into recession in the second quarter of 2018 and emerged from it in the third quarter leaving overall GDP growth weak (expected to be below 1%) for the previous year. The rand currency fell by 18% in less than a month in June 2018 and South Africa's debt has become junk-rated making it harder for the government to borrow money.
The ANC's current leader, Cyril Ramaphosa, cannot be untangled from his party's record, though he promised in January that the ANC is "getting out of that. We're cleansing ourselves." Ramaphosa is worth about $450 million, making him the 42nd richest person in Africa. He is implicated in the Marikana massacre. As a non-executive director of Lonmin (the British mining company the workers were striking against), Ramaphosa urged the authorities to take "concomitant action" against the miners before the massacre.
Bond calls Ramaphosa the "ideal Johannesburg branch-plant comprador partner to multinational corporations." He points to the politician's "aiding" of both mining company Lonmin in "brazen illicit financial flow profit transfers to Bermuda," and MTN, the largest African cellphone firm (which Ramaphosa chaired), "in its prolific profit outflows to Mauritius." The current ANC leader should also be remembered, asserts Bond, for abusing tax havens via his main holding company, Shanduka coal, as exposed in the Paradise Papers leak in late 2017.
MTN transferred billions of rands earned in Africa to offshore tax havens while Ramaphosa was its chairman between 2001 and 2013. This was exposed in a joint investigation by amaBhungane (Centre for Investigative Journalism) and Finance Uncovered, a global investigative journalism network. After Ramaphosa left MTN to become South Africa's deputy president in 2014, he criticized corporations "that make profits 'disappear' by shifting them 'to low-tax operations where there is little or no genuine activity,'" as reported in the Mail & Guardian in October 2015.
Ramaphosa has been compelled by these factors to launch an official anti-corruption drive, but this is hamstrung by his own history and that of other ANC leaders whose support he depends upon. Jacob Zuma's supporters are still powerful within the ANC and, as Bond explains, "Ramaphosa's agenda is extremely complicated, because in order to keep the ANC from fracturing, he had to continually re-appoint corrupt officials."
Khan pledges that the if any SRWP candidates win legislative seats in the upcoming election they will be subject to instant recall by the party and will not be paid more than the wage of an "average skilled worker" with the rest of their salary going to the SRWP to "advance working class struggle."
Published in the Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives Monitor (CCPA Monitor), March-April 2019.
https://www.policyalternatives.ca/sites/default/files/uploads/publications/National%20Office/2019/03/CCPA%20Monitor%20Mar%20Apr%202019%20WEB%5B1%5D.pdf#page=35&zoom=auto,-274,7
Go to page 34.


text:
Q: How do I change a fragment's view/button's visibility from an activity? As the title suggests, I'm trying to change a fragment's view/button's visibility from an activity.
Fragment's code:
package nus.is3261.kotlinapp

import android.content.Context
import android.os.Bundle
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment
import android.view.LayoutInflater
import android.view.View
import android.view.ViewGroup
import android.widget.Button

// TODO: Rename parameter arguments, choose names that match
// the fragment initialization parameters, e.g. ARG_ITEM_NUMBER
private const val ARG_PARAM1 = "param1"
private const val ARG_PARAM2 = "param2"

/**
 * A simple [Fragment] subclass.
 *
 */
class SettingFragment : Fragment() {
    private var listener:SettingFragment.OnFragmentInteractionListener? = null

    override fun onCreateView(inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?,
                              savedInstanceState: Bundle?): View? {
        val view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_setting, container, false)
        val signIn = view.findViewById<View>(R.id.btn_sign_in)
        signIn.setOnClickListener {
            onButtonPressed("signIn")
        }
        val signOut = view.findViewById<Button>(R.id.btn_sign_out)
        signOut.setOnClickListener {
            onButtonPressed("signOut")
        }
        return view
    }

    fun changeVisibility(isSignedIn : Boolean){
        if (isSignedIn) {
            val signIn = view?.findViewById<View>(R.id.btn_sign_in)
            signIn?.visibility = View.GONE
            val signOut = view?.findViewById<View>(R.id.btn_sign_out)
            signOut?.visibility = View.VISIBLE
        } else {
            val signIn = view?.findViewById<View>(R.id.btn_sign_in)
            signIn?.visibility = View.VISIBLE
            val signOut = view?.findViewById<View>(R.id.btn_sign_out)
            signOut?.visibility = View.GONE

        }
    }

    fun onButtonPressed(str: String) {
        listener?.onFragmentInteraction(str)
    }

    override fun onAttach(context: Context) {
        super.onAttach(context)
        if (context is SettingFragment.OnFragmentInteractionListener) {
            listener = context
        } else {
            throw RuntimeException(context.toString() + " must implement OnFragmentInteractionListener")
        }
    }

    override fun onDetach() {
        super.onDetach()
        listener = null
    }

    interface OnFragmentInteractionListener {
        fun onFragmentInteraction(str: String)
    }

}

As you can already see, I have the changeVisibility function to change the visibility of the buttons already set up. Now, how can I invoke these functions from the main activity ?
I tried this from the main activity but it does not work sadly:
    private fun updateUI(user: FirebaseUser?) {
        if (user != null) {
//            tvStatus.text = "Google User email: " + user.email!!
//            tvDetail.text = "Firebase User ID: " + user.uid
            val fragment = SettingFragment()
            fragment.changeVisibility(true)
//            btn_sign_in.visibility = View.GONE
//            layout_sign_out_and_disconnect.visibility = View.VISIBLE
        } else {
//            tvStatus.text = "Signed Out"
//            tvDetail.text = null
            val fragment = SettingFragment()
            fragment.changeVisibility(false)
//            btn_sign_in.visibility = View.VISIBLE
//            layout_sign_out_and_disconnect.visibility = View.GONE
        }
    }

Here is my xml file:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="@color/dracula"
    tools:context=".SettingFragment">

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:orientation="vertical">

        <com.google.android.gms.common.SignInButton
            android:id="@+id/btn_sign_in"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:layout_height="0dp"
            android:visibility="visible"
            tools:visibility="gone" />

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btn_sign_out"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="0dp"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:visibility="gone"
            tools:visibility="visible"
            android:backgroundTint="@color/draculalight"
            android:textColor="@color/green"
            android:text="@string/signout" />

    </LinearLayout>

</FrameLayout>

A: Ok so you have a couple of issues, but it's probably best if I just provide a thorough step by step for you. So let's start from the beginning.
So first the Issue
You are referencing the wrong memory. First you put a fragment into your xml, then you new up a different instance of it, so it's like pouring a cup of coffee, then drinking out of a new empty cup and wondering why the coffee isn't in there.
Now for the solution.
First your MainActivity (or parent activity of the fragment) MUST contain the element of the fragment you are trying to include. You have a couple of options to do this. Let's start with the simplest way assuming it is a static fragment that will not be swapped out.
OPTION 1 (Fixed Fragment)
<ParentActivityLayoutOfYourChoice>

    <fragment
        android:name="com.yourpath.FooFragment"
        android:id="@+id/fooFragment"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" />

</ParentActivityLayoutOfYourChoice>

Then in the Activity you would simply create a member variable and access it like:
//lateinit only if you guarantee it will be there in the oncreate
private lateinit var fooFragment: FooFragment
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
    fooFragment = findViewById(R.id.fooFragment)
}

fun btnSignIn_onClick(){
    //onSuccess
    fooFragment.isSignedIn(true)
}

OPTION 2 (Dynamic Fragments)
<ParentActivityLayoutOfYourChoice>

   <FrameLayout
            android:id="@+id/fragPlaceholder"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="match_parent" />

</ParentActivityLayoutOfYourChoice>

Then of course you can create the Fragment in your onCreate or appropriate place (such as drawer switching fragments) and swap it into the place holder.
EXAMPLE:
//Inside MainActivity (or parent activity)
 //lazy will new it up the first time you use it.
 private val mFooFragment by lazy {
    FooFragment()
 }

override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
    swapFragment(mFooFragment) //will auto new the fragment with lazy
}

//Let's start simple before I show you thorough
fun swapFragment(fragment: Fragment){
     val fragmentManager = supportFragmentManager
     val fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction()
     fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.fragPlaceholder, fragment)
     fragmentTransaction.commit() //puts the fragment into the placeholder
}

fun btnSignIn_onClick(){
    //onSuccess
    mFooFragment.isSignedIn(true)
}

*Now, before we go further, I feel it's important that I tell you that if you are swapping fragments dynamically there is MUCH more to it. You should handle the bundle, you should know if you are hiding, showing, replacing, etc.. There are many ways to handle the transaction. When changing your fragment out, you have to decide if you are hiding or removing. It will affect the lifecycle for onResume vs onCreate when you put them back, so manage it wisely.
I have built a simple swapFragment method that I use in almost all my projects in a BaseActivity. I'll share that now just to be thorough.
EXAMPLE OF STORING SELECTED FRAGMENT AND CONTROLLING THE SWAPPING OF FRAGMENTS DYNAMICALLY IN A BASE ACTIVITY
    private var mSelectedFragment: BaseFragment? = null

    protected fun swapFragment(fragment: BaseFragment, @Nullable bundle: Bundle?, hideCurrentFrag: Boolean = false) {
    if (fragment.isVisible) {
        A35Log.e(mClassTag, "swapFragment called on already visible fragment")
        return
    }

    A35Log.v(mClassTag, "swapFragment( ${fragment.javaClass.simpleName} )")
    val currentFragBundle = fragment.arguments
    if (currentFragBundle == null && bundle != null) {
        fragment.arguments = bundle
        A35Log.v(mClassTag, "current bundle is null, so setting new bundle passed in")
    } else if (bundle != null) {
        fragment.arguments?.putAll(bundle)
        A35Log.v(mClassTag, "current fragment bundle was not null, so add new bundle to it")
    }

    //make sure no pending transactions are still floating and not complete
    val fragmentManager = supportFragmentManager
    fragmentManager.executePendingTransactions()
    val fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction()

    //Make sure the requested fragment isn't already on the screen before adding it
    if (fragment.isAdded) {
        A35Log.v(mClassTag, "Fragment is already added")
        if (fragment.isHidden) {
            A35Log.v(mClassTag, "Fragment is hidden, so show it")
            fragmentTransaction.show(fragment)
            if(hideCurrentFrag) {
                A35Log.v(mClassTag, "hideCurrentFlag = true, hiding current fragment $mSelectedFragment")
                fragmentTransaction.hide(mSelectedFragment!!)
            }else{
                A35Log.v(mClassTag, "hideCurrentFlag = false, removing current fragment $mSelectedFragment")
                fragmentTransaction.remove(mSelectedFragment!!)
            }
        }else{
            A35Log.v(mClassTag, "Fragment is already visible")
        }
    }else if(mSelectedFragment == null){
        A35Log.v(mClassTag,"mSelectedFragment = null, so replacing active fragment with new one ${fragment.javaClass.simpleName}")
        fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.fragPlaceholder, fragment)
    }else{
        A35Log.v(mClassTag, "Fragment is not added, so adding to the screen ${fragment.javaClass.simpleName}")
        fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.fragPlaceholder, fragment)
        if(hideCurrentFrag) {
            A35Log.v(mClassTag, "hideCurrentFlag = true, hiding current fragment $mSelectedFragment")
            fragmentTransaction.hide(mSelectedFragment!!)
        }else{
            A35Log.v(mClassTag, "hideCurrentFlag = false, removing current fragment $mSelectedFragment")
            fragmentTransaction.remove(mSelectedFragment!!)
        }
    }

    A35Log.v(mClassTag, "committing swap fragment transaction")
    fragmentTransaction.commit()
    A35Log.v(mClassTag, "mSelectedFragment = ${fragment.javaClass.simpleName}")
    mSelectedFragment = fragment
}

All Examples are provided in Kotlin since that is where Android is headed and you should be learning in Kotlin rather than Java if you are not already. If you are working with Java, then you can paste this into a Java file and I believe it will offer to translate it to Java for you.
Happy Coding!

A: This solved it for me in the end:
    private fun updateUI(user: FirebaseUser?) {
        if (user != null) {

//            tvStatus.text = "Google User email: " + user.email!!
//            tvDetail.text = "Firebase User ID: " + user.uid

            var fragment = supportFragmentManager.findFragmentByTag("setting") as SettingFragment
            fragment.changeVisibility(true)
//            btn_sign_in.visibility = View.GONE
//            layout_sign_out_and_disconnect.visibility = View.VISIBLE
        } else {
//            tvStatus.text = "Signed Out"
//            tvDetail.text = null
            var fragment = supportFragmentManager.findFragmentByTag("setting") as SettingFragment
            fragment.changeVisibility(false)
//            btn_sign_in.visibility = View.VISIBLE
//            layout_sign_out_and_disconnect.visibility = View.GONE
        }
    }

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
#include <mpl.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	mpl::MMutex mutex;
	mutex.lock();
	mutex.unlock();
	mpl::MScopedLock locker(mutex);
	std::cout << mutex.trylock() << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Published: Oct. 11, 2018 at 01:23 p.m.
Updated: Oct. 12, 2018 at 03:58 p.m.
With several matchups this week drenched in legacy, there is one that stands out, even if it is not the sexiest game on the Week 6 slate -- Colts at Jets.
It's been 50 years since the uber relevant 1968 season, a campaign that culminated with one of the biggest upsets in sports history. Perhaps only Buster Douglas knocking out Mike Tyson can compete with the upstart Jets upending the Colts in Super Bowl III following the '68 season. The then-Baltimore Colts had produced arguably the most dominant regular season in NFL history, going 13-1 with an average score of 29-9 in their victories. Although the AFL, a rival league to the older circuit and home to the Jets, was going to merge with the NFL in 1970, and a common draft between the two leagues started in 1967, hordes of fans and media felt a team like New York from this junior league didn't stand a chance against the mighty Colts of the National Football League.
Thus, the Jets were major underdogs. Joe Namath had other plans, though. The brash young quarterback called a masterful game (he called his own plays), while his defense dominated. The NFL-AFL merger may have already been in play, but Gang Green's 16-7 victory let everyone know that this new combined enterprise would be highly competitive, underlined by another AFL team in the Chiefs blowing out the Vikings in the following Super Bowl. It meant the AFL's Bengals, Bills, Broncos, Chargers, Dolphins, Oilers, Raiders and Patriots would also enter their new league with instant street cred. All because the Jets delivered in the biggest game in pro football lore.
@HarrisonNFL huh, Bengals pull out a huge win and stay at 7. What gives man?
Is beating the Dolphins at home a huge win? If so, I think EJ Manuel is a Hall of Famer.
Indeed. Atlanta's season might be on the line this week against the Bucs. Ditto the Giants, who also host a division opponent in the Eagles. Feel free to send your take on those games, and all others: @HarrisonNFL is the place.
Elliot Harrison went 9-6 on his predictions for Week 5, bringing his record for the season to 48-28-2. How will he fare in Week 6? His picks are below.
Put in the simplest terms, this game is the season for the both the Bucs and the Falcons. Tampa went careening into the bye following a 4,800-10 loss (OK, it wasn't that bad) and will start Jameis Winston at quarterback. Meanwhile, the Falcons haven't been able to stop any quarterback since Nick Foles in Week 1, and they've already allowed 12 touchdowns passes (second-most in the league), along with a 102.4 passer rating. It's hard to win that way. The issue for the Bucs is that they're worse than Atlanta on the back end: 13:1 TD-to-INT ratio, with a league-worst 130.5 passer rating allowed -- 130.5! Anticipating Matt Ryan to Calvin Ridley on two scoring heaves, while Julio Jones' fantasy owners cry foul.
Cam Newton certainly is the focal point of the Panthers' organization, but he is off to a quiet start. Don't misunderstand; Newton has performed admirably in Norv Turner's system. It seems the national spotlight has not moseyed Newton's way this season. (Finally.) Last week, Graham Gano's kick and Odell Beckham's criticism(s) dominated the conversation. Carolina was on a bye prior to that and beat the Bengals in Week 3 ... a regional telecast-type game if there ever was one. For his part, Newton has played within the strengths and whatever constraints there are in Norv's offense, completing a career high (by far) 65.4 percent of his passes. Contrary to popular myth in the offseason, the strongest aspect of his game hasn't been taken away, either. Newton is rushing for 41.3 yards per outing, also superior to his career average. The Redskins come into this one reeling after that Monday night shelling in New Orleans. It will be Josh Norman's second career game against his old team. Well, cool. He's not playing anywhere near the level he did for the Panthers, while the entire Washington secondary looked terrible against a highly motivated Drew Brees.
People always think of the Bo Jackson sprint for the tunnel on "Monday Night Football" when these two franchises lock up, yet there is so much more history to this matchup than that. The Seahawks were part of the old AFC West for 25 years, and they even faced the Raiders in the 1983 AFC Championship Game. Oddly enough, Seattle swept the season series that year despite only being 9-7 before falling to the then-L.A. Raiders in the Coliseum, 30-14. Their first win in Oakland over the Silver and Black came in a 17-16 thriller on a 46-yard Efren Herrera field goal in 1978. The last time these two clubs played as members of the same division, Shaun Alexander went off for 266 yards rushing on "Sunday Night Football." Guessing former Seahawk Marshawn Lynch gets a serious workload in the 2018 version of this matchup -- which takes place across the pond, by the way -- with the Seahawks suffering a letdown following an emotionally draining loss to the Rams.
Another matchup with a robust legacy, Andrew Luck will try to do it by himself on the Eastern Seaboard again. If T.Y. Hilton (chest, hamstring) is a go, Indy owns a great chance. (UPDATE: The Colts announced on Friday that Hilton has been ruled out of Sunday's game.) Luck has been playing well, damn the torpedoes (i.e., guys getting hurt, receivers dropping the ball, poor protection). He's also leading the league in both passing attempts and completions. So after all that worrying about Luck's shoulder, let's hope it doesn't fall off. For his part, Sam Darnold has taken small steps forward, too. Although not recovering from major surgery, a la his counterpart, Darnold endured a few rough weeks after a quick start to the season in Detroit. Central to the outcome of this old AFC East rivalry will be the running game -- the Jets stampeded the Broncos last week to the tune of 323 yards. The Colts can barely trot out of their own backfield. In order for Indy to prevail, Nyheim Hines must be more than the James White for this offense. He needs to contribute on the ground, too.
Super excited about the Cardinals' one-game winning streak. Really great for them, because it ends this week. The Vikings emerged from whatever morass they were wedged in back in September. Offensively speaking, Kirk Cousins-to-Adam Thielen is the most unstoppable duo in the league right now. Dalvin Cook (hamstring) should be back in the fold at tailback this week, too. Defensively, the pass rush made Carson Wentz move around and rush a few throws at the Linc last week. Think about how they will handle a middling Arizona offensive line. I keep trying to find a way for the Cards to prevail up North. Got it: They need David Johnson to rush for 250 yards and three touchdowns. Next blurb.
Well, this game is more than relevant. If the Bengals topple the Steelers, they will go up 2.5 games on Pittsburgh (plus they'll have the head-to-head tiebreaker). On the other hand, with the Browns upending the Ravens last Sunday, the Steelers can squeeze the accordion again, then open up a division lead down the back stretch like they have in seasons past. There are two guys Pittsburgh must stop to accomplish this. The first is Joe Mixon, which is obvious. (For what it's worth, Keith Butler's group did a number on the Falcons' backs last week.) Less apparent is the importance of containing Tyler Boyd in one-on-one coverage (with A.J. Green presumably bracketed), which is not a Steeler strength. This ain't 1978.
Before the Browns Baker-d the Jets a few Thursdays ago, a December 2016 victory over the Chargers was the only win Cleveland could hang its hat on for two years. It's going to be a different deal this time around, as Philip Rivers is enjoying one of his finest campaigns to date -- 70.1 completion percentage, 13 touchdowns, a mere two picks and a 116.4 passer rating. Perhaps due to the ascendance of Patrick Mahomes, folks aren't noticing how well the veteran out in Los Angeles is playing. Worth noting that Cleveland is the best defense Rivers has faced this season, other than maybe the Rams. With the Bolts likely without Joey Bosa (foot) again, Baker Mayfield should have ample time to work his headband mojo. (UPDATE: The Chargers confirmed on Friday that Bosa is out this week.) Fun game.
Could the pesky Bills make it two wins in a row? Why not? They aren't much more lowly than the Texans, who eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeked their way to two straight overtime victories. Let's say this: If Sean McDermott has a fourth down on his side of the field in OT, he probably won't go for it. However, if he faces a fourth-and-1 when he's nearly in field-goal range in overtime, he's not gonna punt and then stand there and clap. Nope, Chris Ivory will be chugging it up in there. Which might be the question here: Will Houston have enough oomph after playing 10 quarters in two weeks? They had better. Trusting Deshaun Watson to play even better this week. Quarterback is the decisive advantage for Houston in this game.
The Bears come off the bye rested and hopefully not flat; otherwise, they could become the NFC's version of the Dolphins, who have dropped two straight after winning three in a row to open the season. Miami's passing offense has been nothing but offensive the last two weeks, with 116 and 169 yards in those games. That's what Bob Griese used to throw for when Larry Csonka and Mercury Morris plowed for 250 yards. So, with that as a backdrop, what better opponent to play than Khalil Mack and a Chicago defense ranked second in the league? This game is in Miami, so the Dolphins have a chance, but with tackle Laremy Tunsil in the concussion protocol, this is the wrong defense and wrong pass rusher to face.
The Case Keenum revenge game! Too bad Aqib Talib is dinged, or I could type something really lame here. Keenum, the former Rams quarterback who gave way to Jared Goff, gave his darndest effort to keep the Broncos afloat at the Big Snoopy last Sunday. (Actually, Snoopy often went airborne, so not sure afloat was the right word choice. But I digress.) Can Keenum stay with Goff as the latter continues his assault on NFL record books? Through five games, Goff has averaged 345.4 yards per game, which would be the loftiest figure ever if kept up over a season. Goff might have not have to manufacture anything close to that output on Sunday. Denver's run defense was so awful last week that Todd Gurley might scurry for 150 yards by halftime.
This has to be the ugliest football game of the week, and the most difficult to pick. Nobody trusts either of these teams. The Ravens often don't play well on the road, while the Titans sometimes don't play well at all. See what I mean? Confounding, I say. Complicating matters, both outfits are stout on the defensive side of the ball (first and third in points allowed per game) but struggle to control the clock running the football, which means that both quarterbacks must create on third down. Baltimore's passing game has easily been superior to Tennessee's this season, although Marcus Mariota's legs offer a dimension to his game that Joe Flacco can't match. Toughest game to pick this weekend, but I'm going with Justin Tucker at the 0:00.
Quick, who's your favorite Jags running back? Well, he's not playing Sunday. With Leonard Fournette out and Corey Grant on injured reserve, Jacksonville will be leaning on Blake Bortles to win in Dallas. (Yes, they signed Jamaal Charles, but he hasn't broken the century mark in scrimmage yards since Oct. 4, 2015.) Say what you want about the Cowboys, but they have the fifth-ranked scoring defense in the league right now. And it's not like they are receiving a whole lot of help from their offense. Creating turnovers is about the only thing their defense isn't doing well. But goal-line defense, pressuring the quarterback and improved secondary play make them a formidable unit ... just like the Jags. Taking Dallas in this one, on the legs of Ezekiel Elliott. The quarterbacks are, ahem, even.
The Giants have lost a game on a 60-plus-yard field goal two years running now. Jake Elliott nailed a 61-yarder last year to best Big Blue in Philadelphia, contributing to a rotten start that devolved into a rotten season. New York once again has faltered out of the gate, starting the season at 1-4. (Heyyyyy, better than last year!) In order to rebound, Eli Manning should take more of the vertical shots that Odell Beckham has been wistfully dreaming about. ... Eagles corners Jalen Mills and Sidney Jones have struggled mightily thus far. Look no further than Adam Thielen's highlight reel last week. For Philadelphia, winning starts with running the football consistently. Make third downs manageable; that area has been a veritable black hole for this team (13 for 38 over the last three games).


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Q: Requirement to pass array various types to a rules engine on a microcontroller. Having problems with casting Sorry I am new both to the community and c++, please be gentle.
To begin with, as this is to run on a microcontroller, memory and compiled code space are extremely valuable.
I have a requirement to take input from various sources and feed them into a central processing function. The rolled up parameters fed in are to be named, be of varying types and, allow for type checking, so they can be compared against criteria  unknown at compile time. I have borrowed bits of code from here and there and come up with the following.
template <typename T_ty> struct TypeInfo { static const char * name; };
template <typename T_ty> const char * TypeInfo<T_ty>::name = "unknown";

#define MAKE_TYPE_INFO( type )  template <> const char* TypeInfo<type>::name= #type;

// Type-specific implementations.
MAKE_TYPE_INFO( int );
MAKE_TYPE_INFO( float );
MAKE_TYPE_INFO( String );
MAKE_TYPE_INFO( char * );
MAKE_TYPE_INFO( bool );

class ParaBase
{
public:
  char*   _type ;
  char*   _name;
  void*   _child;

  const char* name()  { return _name; }

  ParaBase(){}

  ParaBase(const char* name, const char* type, const void * child )
    :
    _name( (char*) name ),
    _type( (char*) type ),
    _child( (void*) child ) {}

  template <class U>
  bool is()
  {
    return ( TypeInfo<U>::name == _type );
  }

};

template <class T>
class Para : public ParaBase
{

  T _value;

public:

    Para( const char* name,  const T value )
    :
     ParaBase( name,  TypeInfo<T>::name, this ),
     _value( value )
    {}

    Para( ParaBase& paraBase )
        :
        ParaBase( paraBase._name,  paraBase._type, this )
    {}

  operator T()  { return _value; }

  const T value() { return _value; }

    template <class U>
    U as()
    {
        return *( ( U *)  _value );
    }

};

To test it I do the following:-
ParaBase para[3];

para[0] = Para<char*>("Param-one", "Hi");
para[1] = Para<bool> ("Param-two", true);
para[2] = Para<float>("Param-three", 2.05);

I can feed para into a central function fine.
bool ok = para[1].is<bool>(); // is true
bool notok = para[1].is<char*>(); // is false

So type checking works, yeah!
Para<char*> testDownCast =  ( Para<char*>)  para[0] ;
char* orig = testDownCast.as<char*>();

Erm, not so good. Major fail here. My testDownCast pointer (if I am using the correct term) just contains junk. What am I doing wrong?
Any help would be gratefully received. Thanks in advance for helping a novice.

A: Your problem lies here:
ParaBase para[3];
para[0] = Para<char*>("Param-one", "Hi");

You assign Para object to ParaBase object. As ParaBase object is base object, it will not contain any information that is specific to derived object (Para). In this case,
 T _value;

from Para object is lost. Then you assign back ParaBase object to Para object:
Para<char*> testDownCast =  ( Para<char*>)  para[0] ;

It's correct, but para[0] object does not contain any information about _value, so it cannot be copied back to testDownCast.
To make your example work, you should change array of ParaBase
ParaBase para[3];

to array of ParaBase pointers
ParaBase* para[3];
Para<char*> realPara0("Param-one", "Hi");

para[0] = (ParaBase*)&realPara0; //Or use C++-style cast here

Of course in this case you will not have ParaBase objects, only pointers to them. But you can cast back to Para object. You have to adjust rest of your code of course.
By the way - it's not good low-footprint microcontroller code. For each tempate type you use, new code will be generated. Also copying objects each time will cause your stack to grow (not a problem until you have small objects). 'Classic' microcontroller implementation would rely on union, and maybe additional information about type passed through union.
I'm not telling not to use C++ in microcontrollers (I'm great fan of this!), but this should be done with awareness. Here is great article (two parts) of using C++ in embedded systems:
http://www.embedded.com/design/programming-languages-and-tools/4438660/1/Modern-C--in-embedded-systems---Part-1--Myth-and-Reality