Interview with David Bruce on 1st Sept 2017.
David Bruce spent the first eight years of his life in Glenbuchat in the 1930's. Despite having a disability as a child he eventually gained a University place, obtained a Master of Arts degree and became a teacher of English and Latin.
David's Grandfather was James Fowler, who for a time was head forester at Glenbuchat. He was born about 1872 and died at the age of 69 in 1941. He was always referred to in the Glen as 'The Forester'. He appears in a photograph standing with his bicycle on the Glenbuchat road speaking to a lady. The lady in question was a regular summer visitor to the glen and was a Mrs Henderson from Dundee.
James married Mary Horne and the black and white photo above shows her at the window of the Glenbuchat Manse.
James and Mary had a daughter Margaret who married David Bruce Snr. who was born in 1905. Margaret had been a house maid at the House of Cromar now known as Alastrean House at Tarland. David Snr. was a forester but also had skills as a cobbler.
In the 1843 the Scottish church split into the Established church and the Free Church which is why Glenbuchat has two churches and two manses. In 1929 the two churches reconciled their differences and united again. This made some churches and manses redundant. As the Free Church and manse were bigger and more modern than the Old Kirk the church moved to the new manse and church.
About 1934 the Rev W. A. Spark retired and the Old Manse became vacant. The laird Col. Barclay Milne, seeing that two families were living in a small cottage arranged for them both to move into the manse. This offered luxury to the families. The manse had all mod cons of the day, hot and cold running water, flushing toilets and acres of space for them all. David's father had room in the steading to carry on his cobbler's business and his grandmother kept hens.
David's father at this time was working at the quarry at Mossat which was about 10 miles away. He cycled there and back every day. He, however, was in poor health and suffered from a Duodenal Ulcer and was often off work.
In 1938 David's father got a job as forester with the Wolrige Gordons in Esslemont House near Ellon. David was shocked by the flat boring countryside around Ellon and the fact that he looked on to the Buchan Railway line. The house also was more primitive with a dry toilet and no hot water on tap.
David went to secondary School at Ellon and gained his university entrance. He taught at Torphins, New Pitsligo and eventually in 1952 at Nairn where he was an assistant in the English department. Eventually Latin was added to his remit.
In the meantime his parents moved to Haddo House estate and father worked as forester. They lived at Ivy cottage Methlick then on to Mill of Kelly. Finally on the departure of the head forester, David's father became head and moved from Methlick to Mill of Kelly, where he lived until he retired at the age of 70 after which he moved to the North Lodge Methlick.
In the meantime David's elderly grandparents were living alone in the manse at Glenbuchat. They were quite poorly and regularly visited by Miss Walker the teacher at the school, and there is more about her later. She would walk the two miles from the school house to see them every evening and two miles back. One evening she asked his grandparents what was happening as she had seen the manse advertised for rent in the paper. As the Manse was too large for the grandparents the Laird had advertised it but had not told the Fowlers. The grandparents were very upset by this even though they were given accommodation further up the Glen at Dulax Cottage. In December 1940 they moved from the comfort of the Manse to a house that had no flushing toilet or hot water on tap. There was no room for grandfather's tools and they lay in their boxes outside until his death. He died a few months later on 31st March 1941 and his wife died at Esslemont on 5th December of the same year.
Now back to David Bruce's childhood in Glenbuchat.
David's memories are mainly related to his time at the Glenbuchat manse. As he was born with a deformed foot and poor sight due to cataract, he was limited to the part of the Glen between the Manse and the school on the opposite side of the Glen some two miles away.
David remembers wonderful children's parties at the Hall. He remembers one Christmas party held by Mrs Barclay Milne the Laird's wife. Winters were worse then and snow lay on the ground for many weeks. David recalls being taken by a horse drawn Sledge driven by Charlie Fraser down the hill from the manse to the Hall. It was a beautiful clear moonlit night and the snow covering country side sparkled. Inside the hall he was greeted by a magnificent natural Christmas tree with candles on the branches held in small glass containers. David recalls the candles glowing with a haze around them. This may partly be due to his cataract with dissipates the light. The Hall was heated by paraffin heaters and lit by Tilly Paraffin lamps.
After the Hall, he came to the Glenbuchat shop which was owned and run by Walter Davidson and his son Jim Davidson who stayed at David's old home Coldstriffen Cottage. The Davidson's had a shop van which went round the glen delivering groceries. At 11 am precisely each Wednesday the van would appear at the manse and David's Grandmother always gave Jim a glass of whisky. In typical grocers fashion Jim always had a pencil behind his ear. As he always took a splash of soda water in his whisky and immediately the soda was poured the pencil was taken from behind the ear and the whisky stirred with it. It was many years before David found out that this was not the normal way of mixing whisky and soda.
Opposite the shop was the new Manse which was occupied by the new minister the Rev Zachariah Moore. David however recalls the old Kirk by the manse. His Grandfather was so attached to it that he never went to the 'New' Church. The family had a box pew near the rear door of the Old Kirk. Below the pulpit was a table where people sat to take communion. The names of the tunes for the psalms were displayed on cards below the pulpit and the singing was led by the Precentor. There was no musical accompaniment. He assumes that this role came from a time when most people did not read or write. The Precentor would sing a line of the hymn and the congregation would repeat the same line, and again with the next line and so on until the end of the hymn. David found this endless repetition boring.
On one occasion an 'American Organ' was used in the church (? Harmonium). David was so fascinated by this that whenever he had the opportunity, he would nip back into the church and play it. David was mad keen on music but never got the opportunity to develop his interest. The new church however had a harmonium and a regular organist.
Between the Shop and the Church was the Belnacraig Hill known as the Crag. This was a foot path only up the hill as about 2/3 the way up was a large rock in the middle of the path. David describes it as about 3-4 feet in diameter and 2-3 feet in height. The children used to slide down as they did in 1890, especially in winter when there was ice on it. David with his deformed foot was only able to slide down on his bottom.
Near the top of the Crag was Rose Cottage the home of Effie Leslie . Effie he recalls was a character and was rather loud and voluble in her speech. At the top of the Crag was Craighead the home of George Hay.
The path from there to the school was wet and muddy until the path was raised and a dry. Fortunately the side of the path was built up to give a dry walking area.
At the end of this track was the school and opposite it on the other side of the road was the old school house now home to the teacher. In the old days that house had also been the school.
When David started the teacher was a Miss Low but she became attached to and married Gordon Thom of Tombreck, the mill a few hundred yards from the school. In those days women had to resign when they got married so Miss Low left and Miss Walker arrived. Miss Walker stayed at the school until its closure in 1960 and her photo can been seen at the school closing day.
Miss Walker seems to have taken great care of David who would have been seen as one of the weaker children at the school. David was liable to frequent migraines especially on a Monday. Miss Walker would take him to the schoolhouse and she and her housekeeper looked after him. At the end of the day they would walk him back the two miles to the Manse. David would often be off then until the Thursday.
Often David was unable to eat breakfast before he left the Manse so Miss Walker would take him back to her house and provided him with breakfast and often fed him with scrambled eggs. This care continued towards his grandparents whom she visited regularly once David and his family had moved away. Miss Walker was very keen on flowers and passed her interest on to David. David was delighted when there was a school competition to see who could collect the most number of different wild flowers and David won.
Writing at school was done on as slate board with a slate pencil which squeaked as you wrote. The resulting marks were wiped out with a piece of wet cloth. By the end of the week the cloth was becoming rather smelly. In poor light teaching was lit by Tilly paraffin lamps. The schoolroom was heated by a coal burning stove.
Another major part of David's life was his health, especially his congenital cataracts. A cataract is a clouding of the lens of the eye. Treatment was limited in those days and one procedure was 'needling' This was when under local anaesthetic a needle is inserted into the lens and moved around to allow the fluid of the eye to mix with it. This helps to remove the cloudy matter.
In 1938 David was referred by Dr McKay the GP at Strathdon at the time to Dr Souter in Aberdeen. Dr Souter had a surgery at 10 Albyn Place Aberdeen and operated at the newly opened Infirmary at Foresterhill. David was admitted to the balcony of Ward 13 along with another boy and he recalls the fields of sheep in front of the hospital. While there, another family was visiting a patient in the ward and the young daughter, who was bored, was sent to the balcony to speak to the boys. As fate would have it this girl, Rosella was to become his wife later in his life.
The operation was made under anaesthetic and David had to stay in hospital for 8 weeks for each eye. Every now and then the bandages come off and he was asked to look out the window and count the sheep. Knowing this would happen, David had used the un-bandaged eye to check the numbers before the ward round. If there had been no improvement he was due to have a big cataract extraction operation. However, just before the 8 weeks were up, his sight improved and the big operation was postponed. He remembers Christmas in the ward with Santa Clause coming round and he got a present of a copy of the book Tom Sawyer. The Santa Claus in question was Dr Souter.
David's deformed leg received no specific treatment except orthopaedic shoes. It was first X-rayed in 2009 when it was thought that a greenstick fracture at the time of birth might have been the cause of the disability.


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Diabetes audit reveals thousands of errors in one week
By Shaun Lintern2012-05-17T00:01:00+01:00
Medication errors occur in the treatment of 3,700 inpatients with diabetes in hospitals in England and Wales each week, according to the National Diabetes Inpatient Audit.
Patients experiencing errors suffered more than double the number of severe hypoglycaemic episodes than patients not experiencing errors, the major audit revealed.
The NHS Information Centre study also found 68 patients developed diabetic ketoacidosis during their stay in hospital.
The audit examined data for 12,800 patients over a seven-day period during October 2011. One of the most common errors was failing to sign off on the patient's bedside information chart that insulin had been given, which happened to 11.1 per cent, or 440, patients who experienced errors.
A total of 600 patients, 17.4 per cent, had a severe hypoglycaemic attack while in hospital.
Audit lead clinician Gerry Rayman said that although there had been improvements, doctors and nurses still required basic training. "Training needs to be mandatory to improve diabetes control and reduce the frequency of severe hypoglycaemia. It is also needed to prevent diabetic ketosis occurring in hospital, for which there can be no excuse."
Clinical news (NICE, NSFs)
NHS Information Centre

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Statoil alters Statfjord oil/gas equation
Statoil has commemorated 30 years of production from its giant Statfjord field in the Norwegian North Sea.
STAVANGER -- Statoil has commemorated 30 years of production from its giant Statfjord field in the Norwegian North Sea. This has long been one of the company's main oil producers, but following implementation of the Statfjord late life project, 65% of its current output is gas.
The program involved a series of facility modifications to prepare Statfjord's three platforms for production of gas and oil at lower pressure. For years, the focus was on sustaining pressure in the reservoir to eke out as much oil as possible. Today, the emphasis is on lowering reservoir pressure to extract further quantities of gas.
This process, recently under way in reservoirs 2.5 km (1.55 mi) beneath the platforms, causes the gas to bubble out of the remaining oil volumes.
Statoil says that over the past three decades, Statfjord has generated 4 Bboe. It now aims to lift the rate of recovery from the field to 66% for oil and 71% for gas. In time, similar depressurization schemes may be applied to other giant Norwegian fields such as Gullfaks and Oseberg.
At the Hammerfest LNG plant in northern Norway, however, operations remain suspended due to the need to replace a faulty electric motor that forms part of the cooling process. The plant is supplied with gas from the Snohvit field in the Barents Sea.


Got a hot tip on a new outdoor place from a friend so we decided to check it out today. This place had no name, a single bolted route rated a 5.9+ and a whole bunch of top rope-able stuff.
The only downside is that neither of us can climb beyond the first bolt on an outside 5.9 and we arrived too late to set up anchors. We ended up messing around a bit before giving up for another day.
Its twenty minutes north of Portland and a 15 minute flat walk approach. Great to know this ledge is nearby.


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Dior to present next men's show in Beijing
Vinny Halo 1 month ago
Chanel increases retail prices again
Vinny Halo November 12, 2020
Inspired by Hayao Miyazaki's film masterpiece My Neighbor Totoro, the latest capsule collection from Loewe celebrates the love of craft shared by the celebrated Spanish luxury house and Studio Ghibli.…
French fashion maison Dior revealed its next menswear show taking place in Beijing, China, according to fashion media outlets.…
French luxury fashion house Chanel has announced that it plans to increase retail prices again globally, the second time it has done so this year.…
unspun collaborates with H&M's Weekday
Staff Writer November 9, 2020
San Francisco- and Hong Kong-based unspun brings its custom-fit technology to the mainstream through collaboration with H&M Group's brand, Weekday.…
LG and NET-A-PORTER partner for sustainable clothing collection
LG Electronics is joining hands with NET-A-PORTER to offer a limited-edition line of environmentally responsible clothing made from high-quality, natural materials developed to last for years.…
The De Rigo Group and TUMI partner for an eyewear collection
Staff Writer October 26, 2020
The De Rigo Group and TUMI announced an exclusive license agreement for the design, production and distribution of TUMI-branded sunglasses and prescription frames for both men and women.…
The Philipp Plein Group and the De Rigo Group partner for eyewear on a global scale
The Philipp Plein Group and the De Rigo Group announced a license agreement for the creation, production and distribution on a global scale of both sunglasses and prescription frames.…
Safilo and Pierre Cardin renew licensing agreement
Staff Writer October 8, 2020
Safilo and Pierre Cardin announced the renewal of the licensing agreement to design, manufacture and distribute prescription frames and sunglasses under the Pierre Cardin brand.…
Marchon Eyewear and Converse enter exclusive global licensing agreement for eyewear
Marchon Eyewear, Inc., manufacturer and distributor of quality eyewear and sunwear, and Converse Inc., the iconic American footwear and apparel brand, announced that they have entered into an exclusiv…
8seconds collaborates with young artists for new collections
In Young Bae September 30, 2020
The fast fashion brand 8seconds is collaborating with more young artists to attract Millennials and Generation Z.…


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Our apprenticeships last one to two years, and offer apprentices the opportunity to get a nationally recognised qualification while getting paid.
We believe apprentices bring different points of view, and a fresh approach to our work. They are invaluable to our organisation and what we do.
See if any of the below apprenticeships suit you.


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Oregon Statewide Ballot Initiatives
Measure 100: Sale of wildlife parts or products
Measure 100: Prohibits purchase or sale of parts or products from certain wildlife species; exceptions; civil penalties
Summary: Existing Oregon law does not prohibit sale of wildlife parts/products for non native species, except shark fins. Existing federal law does not prohibit intrastate sales of wildlife parts, with exceptions. Measure amends ORS 498.022 to prohibit purchase, sale, or possession with intent to sell of parts/products from elephant, rhinoceros, whale, tiger, lion, leopard, cheetah, jaguar, pangolin, sea turtle, shark, ray. Imposes civil penalties. Creates exceptions: law enforcement activities; activities authorized by federal law; fish managed under federal plan; certain antiques (over l00 years old) and musical instruments with less than 200 grams of parts; noncommercial transfers through estates, trusts, gifts; possession by tribal members. Other exceptions. Fish and Wildlife Commission may adopt rules, including prohibiting purchase/sale of parts "closely" resembling listed species parts.
Sponsors: Save Endangered Animals Coalition (main donor: Humane Society)
Endorsed in Support: US Rep. Earl Blumenauer (D), Bruce Starr (R, Oregon state Sen. 2002-2015), Thomas M. Hughes (President, Metro Council), Democratic Party of Oregon, Defend Oregon, Born Free USA; Defenders of Wildlife; National Wildlife Federation Action Fund, Environmental Investigation Agency (an international organization not affiliated with a government), WildAid, Center for Biological Diversity, Humane Society International, Oregon Humane Society, Paul G. Allen (yes, the billionaire), Daily Astorian, Mail-Tribune, The Oregonian, Willamette Week, Register-Guard, Gov. Kate Brown, and a thundering herd of other public officials.
Funding in support: Defend Oregon; Save Endangered Animals, including about $300K from the Humane Society of the US
Official opponents: none
Endorsed in opposition: Bend Bulletin, Elephant Protection Association (ivory collectors and traders)
Funding in opposition: none listed.


I recently developed an old roll of film, and found these images from our breakfast at Ocho in San Antonio.
Take more film photos. I love the tones and textures here.
Turquoise and orange go great together. Also, reminder: you like a regular cup of coffee with cream and sugar just as much as those fancy-pants cappuccinos.


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D-RIBOSE CM3+ 120CAPS, Protein Spesialisten
The worlds FIRST & ONLY creatine supplement boosted with both D-Ribose & Co Enzyme Q10
Protein Spesialisten
Why take D-Ribose CM3+?
Why take creatine?
Creatine increases ATP (Adenosine Tri-phosphate), allowing the body to work harder.In order to increase your ATP levels, you need to have an adequate amount of creatine in the body.
What is Tri-creatine malate?
Tri-creatine malate is a mixture of creatine and malic acid. Malic acid is an important component of ATP production. The inclusion of malic acid raises ATP levels and increases absorption. Tri-creatine malate may alleviate some of the bloating and digestion problems associated with other creatines.
What is D-Ribose?
D-ribose restores muscle ATP concentrations after intense workout. Skeletal muscle ATP levels after high intensity exercise sessions may take 26 and 93 hours (1-4 days) to recover. With ribose supplementation, a return to full cellular energy charge would take 6 to 22 hours (within a day).
What is Co-enzyme Q10?
CoQ10 is an indispensable part of ATP production, especially in muscle cells during high-intensity and intensive exercise. CoQ10 will help against oxidative stress from strenuous exercise and reduce subsequent muscle damage.
Several published studies have shown a relation between reduced levels of the energy-enhancing nutrient, coenzyme Q10, and chronic fatigue syndrome. Coenzyme Q10 is a vitamin-like compound that enables the powerhouses (mitochondria) of the body's cells to produce energy by converting fat, carbohydrate, and protein into ATP (a molecule that stores energy inside the cell). In studies, coenzyme Q10 has been shown to:
- Increase energy levels
- Counteract muscle aches (especially those caused by cholesterol-lowering drugs)
- Improve cardiac functioning
- Enhance endurance


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The Latest in Food Safety Concerns
By Sarah Veit
More information on the possible cause of the recent romaine lettuce E. coli outbreak has been brought to light, as several samples of canal water in the Yuma, AZ, area were found to contain E. coli O157:H7, a genetic match of the strain that caused the outbreak, according to FDA.
While the agency identified additional strains of shiga-toxin producing E. coli in collected samples, initial testing of these isolates indicates they are different than the outbreak strain. FDA, CDC and Arizona state officials are continuing to analyze samples from the Yuma region collected in early June to learn more about the outbreak's origin.
This is likely why no common supplier has been identified. If multiple farms were using the same water source, samples from the entire region could be contaminated.
In addition, the CDC reports that, as of June 28, a total of 185 laboratory-confirmed cases of Cyclospora infection were reported in people who consumed pre-packaged Del Monte Fresh Produce vegetable trays. The number is up from the June 21 update, which reported 144 cases.
Foodborne illnesses have been an ongoing issue for the food industry, including salmonella outbreaks, which I addressed in my June 18 blog, "Salmonella Outbreaks Prompt Concern Over Food Safety." However, an April 20 blog by Chris Campbell, "Annual Food Recalls More than Doubled Between 2004 and 2013," delves into the increase in food recalls to prevent the spread of foodborne disease.
Although the slew of recent outbreaks could easily lead us to assume that foodborne pathogens are becoming a bigger and bigger problem, I think what we really need to consider is that modern technology is now better equipped to quickly identify such outbreaks. Today's technology makes it easier to pinpoint the source of foodborne illnesses and accurately trace their path through the food system. The industry certainly has its work cut out for it, but it's taken an important step in combating food safety issues.
technology foodservice supermarket pork
Sarah Veit
Sarah writes for the weekly Food Institute Report and the daily news update, Today in Food. She also writes and edits the Food Institute's annual publication The Food Industry Review and assists with The Demographics of Consumer Food Spending.
Sarah has more than 15 years of experience as a writer and editor, with a well-rounded knowledge of the food industry and business-to-business research content. Her background includes an editorial role at Convenience Store News magazine, and she has worked for Nielsen, the USA Today Network and Bauer Publishing.
Sarah is currently working on her MBA at Rutgers University. She can be reached at sarah.veit@foodinstitute.com to talk about anything food-related.
Comment by: - January 3, 2019


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Project acronym BioLEAP
Project Biotechnological optimization of light use efficiency in algae photobioreactors
Researcher (PI) Tomas Morosinotto
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI PADOVA
Call Details Starting Grant (StG), LS9, ERC-2012-StG_20111109
Summary New renewable energy source are highly needed to compensate exhausting fossil fuels reserves and reduce greenhouse gases emissions. Some species of algae have an interesting potential as feedstock for the production of biodiesel thanks to their ability to accumulate large amount of lipids. Strong research efforts are however needed to fulfil this potential and address many issues involving optimization of cultivation systems, biomass harvesting and algae genetic improvement. This proposal aims to address one of these issues, the optimization of algae light use efficiency. Light, in fact, provides the energy supporting algae growth and must be exploited with the highest possible efficiency to achieve sufficient productivity. In a photobioreactor algae are highly concentrated and this cause a inhomogeneous light distribution with a large fraction of the cells exposed to very low light or even in the dark. Algae are also actively mixed and they can abruptly move from dark to full illumination and vice versa. This proposal aims to assess how alternation of dark/light cycles affect algae growth and functionality of photosynthetic apparatus both in batch and continuous cultures. In collaboration with the Chemical Engineering department, experimental data will be exploited to build a model describing the photobioreactor, a fundamental tool to improve its design. The other main scope of this proposal is the isolation of genetically improved strains more suitable to the artificial environment of a photobioreactor. A first part of the work of setting up protocols for transformation will be followed by a second phase for generation and selection of mutants with altered photosynthetic performances. Transcriptome analyses in different light conditions will also be instrumental to identify genes to be targeted by genetic engineering.
New renewable energy source are highly needed to compensate exhausting fossil fuels reserves and reduce greenhouse gases emissions. Some species of algae have an interesting potential as feedstock for the production of biodiesel thanks to their ability to accumulate large amount of lipids. Strong research efforts are however needed to fulfil this potential and address many issues involving optimization of cultivation systems, biomass harvesting and algae genetic improvement. This proposal aims to address one of these issues, the optimization of algae light use efficiency. Light, in fact, provides the energy supporting algae growth and must be exploited with the highest possible efficiency to achieve sufficient productivity. In a photobioreactor algae are highly concentrated and this cause a inhomogeneous light distribution with a large fraction of the cells exposed to very low light or even in the dark. Algae are also actively mixed and they can abruptly move from dark to full illumination and vice versa. This proposal aims to assess how alternation of dark/light cycles affect algae growth and functionality of photosynthetic apparatus both in batch and continuous cultures. In collaboration with the Chemical Engineering department, experimental data will be exploited to build a model describing the photobioreactor, a fundamental tool to improve its design. The other main scope of this proposal is the isolation of genetically improved strains more suitable to the artificial environment of a photobioreactor. A first part of the work of setting up protocols for transformation will be followed by a second phase for generation and selection of mutants with altered photosynthetic performances. Transcriptome analyses in different light conditions will also be instrumental to identify genes to be targeted by genetic engineering.
Project acronym BioMNP
Project Understanding the interaction between metal nanoparticles and biological membranes
Researcher (PI) Giulia Rossi
Host Institution (HI) UNIVERSITA DEGLI STUDI DI GENOVA
Call Details Starting Grant (StG), PE3, ERC-2015-STG
Summary The BioMNP objective is the molecular-level understanding of the interactions between surface functionalized metal nanoparticles and biological membranes, by means of cutting-edge computational techniques and new molecular models. Metal nanoparticles (NP) play more and more important roles in pharmaceutical and medical technology as diagnostic or therapeutic devices. Metal NPs can nowadays be engineered in a multitude of shapes, sizes and compositions, and they can be decorated with an almost infinite variety of functionalities. Despite such technological advances, there is still poor understanding of the molecular processes that drive the interactions of metal NPs with cells. Cell membranes are the first barrier encountered by NPs entering living organisms. The understanding and control of the interaction of nanoparticles with biological membranes is therefore of paramount importance to understand the molecular basis of the NP biological effects. BioMNP will go beyond the state of the art by rationalizing the complex interplay of NP size, composition, functionalization and aggregation state during the interaction with model biomembranes. Membranes, in turn, will be modelled at an increasing level of complexity in terms of lipid composition and phase. BioMNP will rely on cutting-edge simulation techniques and facilities, and develop new coarse-grained models grounded on finer-level atomistic simulations, to study the NP-membrane interactions on an extremely large range of length and time scales. BioMNP will benefit from important and complementary experimental collaborations, will propose interpretations of the available experimental data and make predictions to guide the design of functional, non-toxic metal nanoparticles for biomedical applications. BioMNP aims at answering fundamental questions at the crossroads of physics, biology and chemistry. Its results will have an impact on nanomedicine, toxicology, nanotechnology and material sciences.
The BioMNP objective is the molecular-level understanding of the interactions between surface functionalized metal nanoparticles and biological membranes, by means of cutting-edge computational techniques and new molecular models. Metal nanoparticles (NP) play more and more important roles in pharmaceutical and medical technology as diagnostic or therapeutic devices. Metal NPs can nowadays be engineered in a multitude of shapes, sizes and compositions, and they can be decorated with an almost infinite variety of functionalities. Despite such technological advances, there is still poor understanding of the molecular processes that drive the interactions of metal NPs with cells. Cell membranes are the first barrier encountered by NPs entering living organisms. The understanding and control of the interaction of nanoparticles with biological membranes is therefore of paramount importance to understand the molecular basis of the NP biological effects. BioMNP will go beyond the state of the art by rationalizing the complex interplay of NP size, composition, functionalization and aggregation state during the interaction with model biomembranes. Membranes, in turn, will be modelled at an increasing level of complexity in terms of lipid composition and phase. BioMNP will rely on cutting-edge simulation techniques and facilities, and develop new coarse-grained models grounded on finer-level atomistic simulations, to study the NP-membrane interactions on an extremely large range of length and time scales. BioMNP will benefit from important and complementary experimental collaborations, will propose interpretations of the available experimental data and make predictions to guide the design of functional, non-toxic metal nanoparticles for biomedical applications. BioMNP aims at answering fundamental questions at the crossroads of physics, biology and chemistry. Its results will have an impact on nanomedicine, toxicology, nanotechnology and material sciences.
Project acronym BIORECAR
Project Direct cell reprogramming therapy in myocardial regeneration through an engineered multifunctional platform integrating biochemical instructive cues
Researcher (PI) Valeria CHIONO
Host Institution (HI) POLITECNICO DI TORINO
Call Details Consolidator Grant (CoG), PE8, ERC-2017-COG
Summary In BIORECAR I will develop a new breakthrough multifunctional biomaterial-based platform for myocardial regeneration after myocardial infarction, provided with biochemical cues able to enhance the direct reprogramming of human cardiac fibroblasts into functional cardiomyocytes. My expertise in bioartificial materials and biomimetic scaffolds and the versatile chemistry of polyurethanes will be the key elements to achieve a significant knowledge and technological advancement in cell reprogramming therapy, opening the way to the future translation of the therapy into the clinics. I will implement this advanced approach through the design of a novel 3D in vitro tissue-engineered model of human cardiac fibrotic tissue, as a tool for testing and validation, to maximise research efforts and reduce animal tests. I will adapt novel nanomedicine approaches I have recently developed for drug release to design innovative cell-friendly and efficient polyurethane nanoparticles for targeted reprogramming of cardiac fibroblasts. I will design an injectable bioartificial hydrogel based on a blend of a thermosensitive polyurethane and a natural component selected among a novel cell-secreted natural polymer mixture ("biomatrix") recapitulating the complexity of cardiac extracellular matrix or one of its main protein constituents. Such multifunctional hydrogel will deliver in situ agents stimulating recruitment of cardiac fibroblasts together with the nanoparticles loaded with reprogramming therapeutics, and will provide biochemical signalling to stimulate efficient conversion of fibroblasts into mature cardiomyocytes. First-in-field biomaterials-based innovations introduced by BIORECAR will enable more effective regeneration of functional myocardial tissue respect to state-of-the art approaches. BIORECAR innovation is multidisciplinary in nature and will be accelerated towards future clinical translation through my clinical, scientific and industrial collaborations.
In BIORECAR I will develop a new breakthrough multifunctional biomaterial-based platform for myocardial regeneration after myocardial infarction, provided with biochemical cues able to enhance the direct reprogramming of human cardiac fibroblasts into functional cardiomyocytes. My expertise in bioartificial materials and biomimetic scaffolds and the versatile chemistry of polyurethanes will be the key elements to achieve a significant knowledge and technological advancement in cell reprogramming therapy, opening the way to the future translation of the therapy into the clinics. I will implement this advanced approach through the design of a novel 3D in vitro tissue-engineered model of human cardiac fibrotic tissue, as a tool for testing and validation, to maximise research efforts and reduce animal tests. I will adapt novel nanomedicine approaches I have recently developed for drug release to design innovative cell-friendly and efficient polyurethane nanoparticles for targeted reprogramming of cardiac fibroblasts. I will design an injectable bioartificial hydrogel based on a blend of a thermosensitive polyurethane and a natural component selected among a novel cell-secreted natural polymer mixture ("biomatrix") recapitulating the complexity of cardiac extracellular matrix or one of its main protein constituents. Such multifunctional hydrogel will deliver in situ agents stimulating recruitment of cardiac fibroblasts together with the nanoparticles loaded with reprogramming therapeutics, and will provide biochemical signalling to stimulate efficient conversion of fibroblasts into mature cardiomyocytes. First-in-field biomaterials-based innovations introduced by BIORECAR will enable more effective regeneration of functional myocardial tissue respect to state-of-the art approaches. BIORECAR innovation is multidisciplinary in nature and will be accelerated towards future clinical translation through my clinical, scientific and industrial collaborations.
Project acronym BIOSMA
Project Mathematics for Shape Memory Technologies in Biomechanics
Researcher (PI) Ulisse Stefanelli
Host Institution (HI) CONSIGLIO NAZIONALE DELLE RICERCHE
Summary Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) are nowadays widely exploited for the realization of innovative devices and have a great impact on the development of a variety of biomedical applications ranging from orthodontic archwires to vascular stents. The design, realization, and optimization of such devices are quite demanding tasks. Mathematics is involved in this process as a major tool in order to let the modeling more accurate, the numerical simulations more reliable, and the design more effective. Many material properties of SMAs such as martensitic reorientation, training, and ferromagnetic behavior, are still to be properly and efficiently addressed. Therefore, new modeling ideas, along with original analytical and numerical techniques, are required. This project is aimed at addressing novel mathematical issues in order to move from experimental materials results toward the solution of real-scale biomechanical Engineering problems. The research focus will be multidisciplinary and include modeling, analytic, numerical, and computational issues. A progress in the macroscopic description of SMAs, the computational simulation of real-scale SMA devices, and the optimization of the production processes will contribute to advance in the direction of innovative applications.
Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) are nowadays widely exploited for the realization of innovative devices and have a great impact on the development of a variety of biomedical applications ranging from orthodontic archwires to vascular stents. The design, realization, and optimization of such devices are quite demanding tasks. Mathematics is involved in this process as a major tool in order to let the modeling more accurate, the numerical simulations more reliable, and the design more effective. Many material properties of SMAs such as martensitic reorientation, training, and ferromagnetic behavior, are still to be properly and efficiently addressed. Therefore, new modeling ideas, along with original analytical and numerical techniques, are required. This project is aimed at addressing novel mathematical issues in order to move from experimental materials results toward the solution of real-scale biomechanical Engineering problems. The research focus will be multidisciplinary and include modeling, analytic, numerical, and computational issues. A progress in the macroscopic description of SMAs, the computational simulation of real-scale SMA devices, and the optimization of the production processes will contribute to advance in the direction of innovative applications.
Project acronym BISMUTH
Project Breaking Inversion Symmetry in Magnets: Understand via THeory
Researcher (PI) Silvia Picozzi
Summary Multiferroics (i.e. materials where ferroelectricity and magnetism coexist) are presently drawing enormous interests, due to their technologically-relevant multifunctional character and to the astoundingly rich playground for fundamental condensed-matter physics they constitute. Here, we put forward several concepts on how to break inversion symmetry and achieve sizable ferroelectricity in collinear magnets; our approach is corroborated via first-principles calculations as tools to quantitatively estimate relevant ferroelectric and magnetic properties as well as to reveal ab-initio the main mechanisms behind the dipolar and magnetic orders. In closer detail, we focus on the interplay between ferroelectricity and electronic degrees of freedom in magnets, i.e. on those cases where spin- or orbital- or charge-ordering can be the driving force for a spontaneous polarization to develop. Antiferromagnetism will be considered as a primary mechanism for lifting inversion symmetry; however, the effects of charge disproportionation and orbital ordering will also be studied by examining a wide class of materials, including ortho-manganites with E-type spin-arrangement, non-E-type antiferromagnets, nickelates, etc. Finally, as an example of materials-design accessible to our ab-initio approach, we use "chemistry" to break inversion symmetry by artificially constructing an oxide superlattice and propose a way to switch, via an electric field, from antiferromagnetism to ferrimagnetism. To our knowledge, the link between electronic degrees of freedom and ferroelectricity in collinear magnets is an almost totally unexplored field by ab-initio methods; indeed, its clear understanding and optimization would lead to a scientific breakthrough in the multiferroics area. Technologically, it would pave the way to materials design of magnetic ferroelectrics with properties persisting above room temperature and, therefore, to a novel generation of electrically-controlled spintronic devices
Multiferroics (i.e. materials where ferroelectricity and magnetism coexist) are presently drawing enormous interests, due to their technologically-relevant multifunctional character and to the astoundingly rich playground for fundamental condensed-matter physics they constitute. Here, we put forward several concepts on how to break inversion symmetry and achieve sizable ferroelectricity in collinear magnets; our approach is corroborated via first-principles calculations as tools to quantitatively estimate relevant ferroelectric and magnetic properties as well as to reveal ab-initio the main mechanisms behind the dipolar and magnetic orders. In closer detail, we focus on the interplay between ferroelectricity and electronic degrees of freedom in magnets, i.e. on those cases where spin- or orbital- or charge-ordering can be the driving force for a spontaneous polarization to develop. Antiferromagnetism will be considered as a primary mechanism for lifting inversion symmetry; however, the effects of charge disproportionation and orbital ordering will also be studied by examining a wide class of materials, including ortho-manganites with E-type spin-arrangement, non-E-type antiferromagnets, nickelates, etc. Finally, as an example of materials-design accessible to our ab-initio approach, we use "chemistry" to break inversion symmetry by artificially constructing an oxide superlattice and propose a way to switch, via an electric field, from antiferromagnetism to ferrimagnetism. To our knowledge, the link between electronic degrees of freedom and ferroelectricity in collinear magnets is an almost totally unexplored field by ab-initio methods; indeed, its clear understanding and optimization would lead to a scientific breakthrough in the multiferroics area. Technologically, it would pave the way to materials design of magnetic ferroelectrics with properties persisting above room temperature and, therefore, to a novel generation of electrically-controlled spintronic devices
Project acronym BiT
Project How the Human Brain Masters Time
Researcher (PI) Domenica Bueti
Host Institution (HI) SCUOLA INTERNAZIONALE SUPERIORE DI STUDI AVANZATI DI TRIESTE
Summary If you suddenly hear your song on the radio and spontaneously decide to burst into dance in your living room, you need to precisely time your movements if you do not want to find yourself on your bookshelf. Most of what we do or perceive depends on how accurately we represent the temporal properties of the environment however we cannot see or touch time. As such, time in the millisecond range is both a fundamental and elusive dimension of everyday experiences. Despite the obvious importance of time to information processing and to behavior in general, little is known yet about how the human brain process time. Existing approaches to the study of the neural mechanisms of time mainly focus on the identification of brain regions involved in temporal computations ('where' time is processed in the brain), whereas most computational models vary in their biological plausibility and do not always make clear testable predictions. BiT is a groundbreaking research program designed to challenge current models of time perception and to offer a new perspective in the study of the neural basis of time. The groundbreaking nature of BiT derives from the novelty of the questions asked ('when' and 'how' time is processed in the brain) and from addressing them using complementary but distinct research approaches (from human neuroimaging to brain stimulation techniques, from the investigation of the whole brain to the focus on specific brain regions). By testing a new biologically plausible hypothesis of temporal representation (via duration tuning and 'chronotopy') and by scrutinizing the functional properties and, for the first time, the temporal hierarchies of 'putative' time regions, BiT will offer a multifaceted knowledge of how the human brain represents time. This new knowledge will challenge our understanding of brain organization and function that typically lacks of a time angle and will impact our understanding of how the brain uses time information for perception and action
If you suddenly hear your song on the radio and spontaneously decide to burst into dance in your living room, you need to precisely time your movements if you do not want to find yourself on your bookshelf. Most of what we do or perceive depends on how accurately we represent the temporal properties of the environment however we cannot see or touch time. As such, time in the millisecond range is both a fundamental and elusive dimension of everyday experiences. Despite the obvious importance of time to information processing and to behavior in general, little is known yet about how the human brain process time. Existing approaches to the study of the neural mechanisms of time mainly focus on the identification of brain regions involved in temporal computations ('where' time is processed in the brain), whereas most computational models vary in their biological plausibility and do not always make clear testable predictions. BiT is a groundbreaking research program designed to challenge current models of time perception and to offer a new perspective in the study of the neural basis of time. The groundbreaking nature of BiT derives from the novelty of the questions asked ('when' and 'how' time is processed in the brain) and from addressing them using complementary but distinct research approaches (from human neuroimaging to brain stimulation techniques, from the investigation of the whole brain to the focus on specific brain regions). By testing a new biologically plausible hypothesis of temporal representation (via duration tuning and 'chronotopy') and by scrutinizing the functional properties and, for the first time, the temporal hierarchies of 'putative' time regions, BiT will offer a multifaceted knowledge of how the human brain represents time. This new knowledge will challenge our understanding of brain organization and function that typically lacks of a time angle and will impact our understanding of how the brain uses time information for perception and action
Project acronym BIT-ACT
Project Bottom-up initiatives and anti-corruption technologies: how citizens use ICTs to fight corruption
Researcher (PI) Alice Mattoni
Host Institution (HI) ALMA MATER STUDIORUM - UNIVERSITA DI BOLOGNA
Summary Corruption is a global challenge that affects the lives of millions of citizens. In the past decade, Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have become indispensable tools in the fight to reduce corruption, especially when employed from the bottom-up by civil society organizations. While pioneering initiatives in this direction have flourished, to date we only have unsystematic and descriptive evidence regarding how they work and the associated consequences. With the objective of significantly advancing knowledge on this topic, BIT-ACT will open a new line of inquiry by investigating what I call anti-corruption technologies (ACTs) to: (1) assess how civil society organizations engage with ACTs to counter corruption, (2) appraise how ACTs enable intersections between bottom-up and top-down efforts against corruption, and (3) evaluate how ACTs blend with the transnational dimension in the struggle against corruption. Based on an interdisciplinary framework that combines corruption studies, science and technology studies and social movement studies, BIT-ACT will use the constructivist grounded theory method to analyze a combination of textual and visual data in a comparative and transnational research design including nine countries – Algeria, Bangladesh, Brazil, Estonia, India, Italy, Spain, Ukraine, Uruguay. BIT-ACT will be groundbreaking in three ways. At the theoretical level, it will expand the debate on anti-corruption providing grounded concepts and models to explain ACTs; at the empirical level, it will advance knowledge on how the usage of ACTs is changing the relationship between citizens and democratic institutions; at the methodological level, it will innovate in the use of grounded theory assessing a new standard for cross-national comparative grounded theory. Finally, BIT-ACT will produce sound and useful knowledge for the stakeholders involved in the fight against corruption worldwide by suggesting how to best employ ICTs from the bottom-up.
Corruption is a global challenge that affects the lives of millions of citizens. In the past decade, Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have become indispensable tools in the fight to reduce corruption, especially when employed from the bottom-up by civil society organizations. While pioneering initiatives in this direction have flourished, to date we only have unsystematic and descriptive evidence regarding how they work and the associated consequences. With the objective of significantly advancing knowledge on this topic, BIT-ACT will open a new line of inquiry by investigating what I call anti-corruption technologies (ACTs) to: (1) assess how civil society organizations engage with ACTs to counter corruption, (2) appraise how ACTs enable intersections between bottom-up and top-down efforts against corruption, and (3) evaluate how ACTs blend with the transnational dimension in the struggle against corruption. Based on an interdisciplinary framework that combines corruption studies, science and technology studies and social movement studies, BIT-ACT will use the constructivist grounded theory method to analyze a combination of textual and visual data in a comparative and transnational research design including nine countries – Algeria, Bangladesh, Brazil, Estonia, India, Italy, Spain, Ukraine, Uruguay. BIT-ACT will be groundbreaking in three ways. At the theoretical level, it will expand the debate on anti-corruption providing grounded concepts and models to explain ACTs; at the empirical level, it will advance knowledge on how the usage of ACTs is changing the relationship between citizens and democratic institutions; at the methodological level, it will innovate in the use of grounded theory assessing a new standard for cross-national comparative grounded theory. Finally, BIT-ACT will produce sound and useful knowledge for the stakeholders involved in the fight against corruption worldwide by suggesting how to best employ ICTs from the bottom-up.
Project acronym BONEPHAGY
Project Defining the role of the FGF – autophagy axis in bone physiology
Researcher (PI) Carmine SETTEMBRE
Host Institution (HI) FONDAZIONE TELETHON
Summary Autophagy is a fundamental cellular catabolic process deputed to the degradation and recycling of a variety of intracellular materials. Autophagy plays a significant role in multiple human physio-pathological processes and is now emerging as a critical regulator of skeletal development and homeostasis. We have discovered that during postnatal development in mice, the growth factor FGF18 induces autophagy in the chondrocyte cells of the growth plate to regulate the secretion of type II collagen, a major component of cartilaginous extracellular matrix. The FGF signaling pathways play crucial roles during skeletal development and maintenance and are deregulated in many skeletal disorders. Hence our findings may offer the unique opportunity to uncover new molecular mechanisms through which FGF pathways regulate skeletal development and maintenance and to identify new targets for the treatment of FGF-related skeletal disorders. In this grant application we propose to study the role played by the different FGF ligands and receptors on autophagy regulation and to investigate the physiological relevance of these findings in the context of skeletal growth, homeostasis and maintenance. We will also investigate the intracellular machinery that links FGF signalling pathways to the regulation of autophagy. In addition, we generated preliminary data showing an impairment of autophagy in chondrocyte models of Achondroplasia (ACH) and Thanathoporic dysplasia, two skeletal disorders caused by mutations in FGFR3. We propose to study the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of FGFR3-related dwarfisms and explore the pharmacological modulation of autophagy as new therapeutic approach for achondroplasia. This application, which combines cell biology, mouse genetics and pharmacological approaches, has the potential to shed light on new mechanisms involved in organismal development and homeostasis, which could be targeted to treat bone and cartilage diseases.
Autophagy is a fundamental cellular catabolic process deputed to the degradation and recycling of a variety of intracellular materials. Autophagy plays a significant role in multiple human physio-pathological processes and is now emerging as a critical regulator of skeletal development and homeostasis. We have discovered that during postnatal development in mice, the growth factor FGF18 induces autophagy in the chondrocyte cells of the growth plate to regulate the secretion of type II collagen, a major component of cartilaginous extracellular matrix. The FGF signaling pathways play crucial roles during skeletal development and maintenance and are deregulated in many skeletal disorders. Hence our findings may offer the unique opportunity to uncover new molecular mechanisms through which FGF pathways regulate skeletal development and maintenance and to identify new targets for the treatment of FGF-related skeletal disorders. In this grant application we propose to study the role played by the different FGF ligands and receptors on autophagy regulation and to investigate the physiological relevance of these findings in the context of skeletal growth, homeostasis and maintenance. We will also investigate the intracellular machinery that links FGF signalling pathways to the regulation of autophagy. In addition, we generated preliminary data showing an impairment of autophagy in chondrocyte models of Achondroplasia (ACH) and Thanathoporic dysplasia, two skeletal disorders caused by mutations in FGFR3. We propose to study the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of FGFR3-related dwarfisms and explore the pharmacological modulation of autophagy as new therapeutic approach for achondroplasia. This application, which combines cell biology, mouse genetics and pharmacological approaches, has the potential to shed light on new mechanisms involved in organismal development and homeostasis, which could be targeted to treat bone and cartilage diseases.
Project acronym BOOST
Project Biomimetic trick to re-balance Osteblast-Osteoclast loop in osteoporoSis treatment: a Topological and materials driven approach
Researcher (PI) Chiara Silvia Vitale Brovarone
Summary One out of 5 people in their fifties will experience a bone fracture due to osteoporosis (OP)-induced fragility in their lifetime. The OP socio-economic burden is dramatic and involves tens of millions of people in the EU, with a steadily increasing number due to population ageing. Current treatments entail drug-therapy coupled with a healthy lifestyle but OP fractures need mechanical fixation to rapidly achieve union: the contribution of biomaterial scientists in this field is still far from taking its expected leading role in cutting-edge research. Bone remodelling is a well-coordinated process of bone resorption by osteoclasts followed by the production of new bone by osteoblasts. This process occurs continuously throughout life in a coupling with a positive balance during growth and negative with ageing, which can result in OP. We believe that an architecture driven stimulation of the osteoclast/osteoblast coupling, with an avant-garde focus on osteoclasts activity, is the key to success in treating unbalanced bone remodelling. We aim to manufacture a scaffold that mimics healthy bone features which will establish a new microenvironment favoring a properly stimulated and active population of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, i.e. a well-balanced bone cooperation. After 5 years we will be able to prove the efficacy of this approach. A benchmark will be set up for OP fracture treatment and for the realization of smart bone substitutes that will be able to locally "trick" aged bone cells stimulating them to act as healthy ones. BOOST results will have an unprecedented impact on the scientific research community, opening a new approach to set up smart, biomimetic strategies to treat aged, unbalanced bone tissues and to reduce OP-associated disabilities and financial burdens.
One out of 5 people in their fifties will experience a bone fracture due to osteoporosis (OP)-induced fragility in their lifetime. The OP socio-economic burden is dramatic and involves tens of millions of people in the EU, with a steadily increasing number due to population ageing. Current treatments entail drug-therapy coupled with a healthy lifestyle but OP fractures need mechanical fixation to rapidly achieve union: the contribution of biomaterial scientists in this field is still far from taking its expected leading role in cutting-edge research. Bone remodelling is a well-coordinated process of bone resorption by osteoclasts followed by the production of new bone by osteoblasts. This process occurs continuously throughout life in a coupling with a positive balance during growth and negative with ageing, which can result in OP. We believe that an architecture driven stimulation of the osteoclast/osteoblast coupling, with an avant-garde focus on osteoclasts activity, is the key to success in treating unbalanced bone remodelling. We aim to manufacture a scaffold that mimics healthy bone features which will establish a new microenvironment favoring a properly stimulated and active population of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, i.e. a well-balanced bone cooperation. After 5 years we will be able to prove the efficacy of this approach. A benchmark will be set up for OP fracture treatment and for the realization of smart bone substitutes that will be able to locally "trick" aged bone cells stimulating them to act as healthy ones. BOOST results will have an unprecedented impact on the scientific research community, opening a new approach to set up smart, biomimetic strategies to treat aged, unbalanced bone tissues and to reduce OP-associated disabilities and financial burdens.
Project acronym BORDERLANDS
Project Borderlands: Expanding Boundaries, Governance, and Power in the European Union's Relations with North Africa and the Middle East
Researcher (PI) Raffaella Alessandra Del Sarto
Host Institution (HI) EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE
Summary Challenging the notion of Fortress Europe , the research investigates relations between the European Union and its southern periphery through the concept of borderlands . The concept emphasises the disaggregation of the triple function of borders demarcating state territory, authority, and national identity inherent in the Westphalian model of statehood. This process is most visible in (although not limited to) Europe, where integration has led to supranational areas of sovereignty, an internal market, a common currency, and a zone of free movement of people, each with a different territorial span. The project explores the complex and differentiated process by which the EU extends its unbundled functional and legal borders to the so-called southern Mediterranean (North Africa and parts of the Middle East), thereby transforming it into borderlands . They connect the European core with the periphery through various legal and functional border regimes, governance patterns, and the selective outsourcing of some EU border control duties. The overarching questions informing this research is whether, first, the borderland policies of the EU, described by some as a neo-medieval empire, is a functional consequence of the specific integration model pursued inside the EU, a matter of foreign policy choice or a local manifestation of a broader global phenomenon. Second, the project addresses the question of power dynamics that underwrite borderland governance, presuming a growing leverage of third country governments resulting from their co-optation as gatekeepers. Thus, while adopting an innovative approach, the project will enhance our understanding of EU-Mediterranean relations while also addressing crucial theoretical questions in international relations.
Challenging the notion of Fortress Europe , the research investigates relations between the European Union and its southern periphery through the concept of borderlands . The concept emphasises the disaggregation of the triple function of borders demarcating state territory, authority, and national identity inherent in the Westphalian model of statehood. This process is most visible in (although not limited to) Europe, where integration has led to supranational areas of sovereignty, an internal market, a common currency, and a zone of free movement of people, each with a different territorial span. The project explores the complex and differentiated process by which the EU extends its unbundled functional and legal borders to the so-called southern Mediterranean (North Africa and parts of the Middle East), thereby transforming it into borderlands . They connect the European core with the periphery through various legal and functional border regimes, governance patterns, and the selective outsourcing of some EU border control duties. The overarching questions informing this research is whether, first, the borderland policies of the EU, described by some as a neo-medieval empire, is a functional consequence of the specific integration model pursued inside the EU, a matter of foreign policy choice or a local manifestation of a broader global phenomenon. Second, the project addresses the question of power dynamics that underwrite borderland governance, presuming a growing leverage of third country governments resulting from their co-optation as gatekeepers. Thus, while adopting an innovative approach, the project will enhance our understanding of EU-Mediterranean relations while also addressing crucial theoretical questions in international relations.


text:
/**
 * @file recvtime.c
 * @provides recvtime.
 *
 * $Id: recvtime.c 2070 2009-09-18 22:36:02Z brylow $
 */
/* Embedded Xinu, Copyright (C) 2009.  All rights reserved. */

#include <conf.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <thread.h>
#include <clock.h>

/**
 * wait to receive a message or timeout and return result
 * @param  maxwait ticks to wait before timeout
 * @return msg if becomes available, TIMEOUT if no message
 */
message recvtime(int maxwait)
{
    register struct thrent *thrptr;
    irqmask im;
    message msg;

    if (maxwait < 0)
    {
        return SYSERR;
    }
    im = disable();
    thrptr = &thrtab[thrcurrent];
    if (FALSE == thrptr->hasmsg)
    {
#if RTCLOCK
        if (SYSERR == insertd(thrcurrent, sleepq, maxwait))
        {
            restore(im);
            return SYSERR;
        }
        thrtab[thrcurrent].state = THRTMOUT;
        resched();
#else
        restore(im);
        return SYSERR;
#endif
    }

    if (thrptr->hasmsg)
    {
        msg = thrptr->msg;      /* retrieve message              */
        thrptr->hasmsg = FALSE; /* reset message flag            */
    }
    else
    {
        msg = TIMEOUT;
    }
    restore(im);
    return msg;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Julianne McCabe, RTD critic wants new transportation solutions in Boulder
By Brittany Anas
Candidate Julianne McCabe (left) at a recent candidate forum.
Julianne McCabe's curiosity led her to take up an independent study of transit issues in Boulder.
The former attorney pored over RTD budgets, statewide transportation reports and local feasibility studies. She came to the conclusion that Boulder residents can't just bike and walk themselves into the 21st century while padding RTD's coffers along the way.
Now, she wants to translate her research into action.
"My passion in this election is transportation," says McCabe, 67, and a substitute teacher in the Boulder Valley School District. "My argument is Boulder can't afford to keep sending this money to RTD if it's serious about congestion."
McCabe, who was briefly a driver for the rideshare company Uber, says the city should abandon the idea of a community-wide EcoPass, which will just continue pumping money into RTD's budget while not broadly addressing transportation needs. Instead, she suggests, Boulder should invest in its own local service routes and purchase RTD's farebox for urban local services. The city should also rely on modern technology, such as GPS systems, crowdsourcing and interactive web sites to allow citizens to share rides.
McCabe, who resides in the 500 block of Arapahoe with her husband Richard, has lived in the same home since 1976. She raised her daughter and three sons in Boulder and says she appreciates how walkable her neighborhood is, with easy access to downtown, Boulder Creek and the University of Colorado.
She is currently substitute teaching in the Boulder Valley School District in bilingual schools and has worked with children with disabilities.
"I really enjoy the children," McCabe says. "I have an enormous respect for what teachers do. It only took me a day to realize really good teachers are a gift to everyone."
McCabe, who moved to Boulder in 1970, earned undergraduate degrees from CU in history and geology. In 1976, she earned a law degree from the University of Denver.
Professionally, she practiced law for 20 years before changing careers and working in real estate development. She started off remodeling a duplex in northwest Denver. Her next project was a spec home in Boulder and then a new, five-unit project in Golden.
McCabe says that she could be a balanced voice on the board and she could bring a fresh perspective given that she is new to politics.
Boulder resident Kevin Knapp will be voting for McCabe. He lives next door to the council candidate and has several backyard conversations with McCabe, which oftentimes center on concerns about transit issues, Boulder's growth and congestion on the city's roads.
"I think she has some interesting solutions," Knapp says. "She's an independent thinker and she's brought up concerns through her campaign that we don't hear other folks talking about—whether they are on council or are other candidates."
Another perk of living next door?
"Julie has an amazing backyard garden and she's super-generous," says Knapp.
He oftentimes comes home to find a bag of homegrown tomatoes on his doorstep.
McCabe, in her spare time, enjoys gardening and hiking.
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Don Cote, east Boulder needs representation on council
Look to the Blue Line for Election 2015 Coverage
Jyotsna Raj, candidate comes from a family rooted in academics, women's leadership
A Long and Winding Road For RTD
Comrade Keith Percy, social activist wants to make Boulder a more inclusive place
Post Published: October 13th, 2015
Author(s): Brittany Anas
Found in section: 2015 CC Candidates
Tags: city council, election 2015, RTD, transportation
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text:
"Remote Weapon Station market to total USD 15.7 billion in 2030" says new Visiongain report
Visiongain has published a new defence report entitled Remote Weapon Station Market Forecast 2020-2030.
The Remote Weapon Station (RWS) market is estimated to witness a Compound Annual Growth Rate of 5.48 per cent from 2020 to 2030.
Several factors are having a profound, driving effect on the industry, particularly global military modernisation programmes, rising defence expenditure, and the world's shifting conflict landscape.
Visiongain anticipates that global investment and consolidation will be moderate and stable over the next decade. The market's good health is due to the factors listed above, as well as the presence of many established companies.
The leading players currently supplying advanced remote weapon stations include General Dynamics, Saab Group, and Raytheon Company. Likewise, other major defence firms such as BAE Systems, Kongsberg Gruppen, Leonardo S.p.A., ASELSAN, Rheinmetall AG, Elbit Systems and Electro Optic Systems are also heavily involved in many RWS programmes.
The senior Defence Analyst said: "The Global Remote Weapon Station market is expected to generate sales of USD 9.19 billion in 2020.
"Generally speaking, Remote Weapon Stations allow gunners to engage enemy combatants from the safety of their vehicle or craft. They protect personnel not only from incoming gunfire but also extreme weather conditions and rollovers. Most RWS systems provide a 360-degree view of the battlefield, thermal imaging and night vision, and increased levels of stabilisation and accuracy.
"Notable examples on the market include the Common Remotely Operated Weapon Station (CROWS) used by the U.S. military, the Saab Trackfire operated by both Finland and Sweden, and FN Herstal's family of deFNder RWS models.
"Visiongain forecasts that over the next decade, the Remote Weapon Station market will experience a rise in expenditure. This will be due to global arms programmes and procurement activity; high defence spending and significant improvements to the finances of several influential states; and more military operations being conducted in cities, which remote weapon stations are exceptionally suited.
"Having said this, there are one or two threats to the future success of remote weapon stations, which could slightly restrain the acceleration of the industry. The most challenging issues surround the ethical and legal questions that RWS systems pose as well as high-profile mechanical and electrical failures.
"In conclusion, by 2030, the Remote Weapon Station market will have surpassed the 15 billion-dollar mark, achieving a total sales figure of USD 15.7 billion."
Note for Editors
If you are interested in a more detailed overview of this report, please send an email to sara.peerun@visiongain.com or call her on +44 (0) 207 336 6100.
Visiongain is a leading business intelligence provider, publishing market reports for the automotive, aviation, chemicals, construction, cyber, defence, electronics, energy, food & drink, IT, maritime, materials, packaging, pharmaceutical, renewable energy, telecoms and utilities sectors.
We are one of the fastest growing and most innovative independent research companies in Europe. Based in London, UK, visiongain publishes reports produced by analysts who are qualified experts in their field. Visiongain has firmly established itself as the first port-of-call for the business professional who needs independent, high-quality, original material to rely and depend on.
Visiongain Publishes Military GPS and GNSS Devices Market Report 2022-2032
One of the major factors fuelling the growth of the military GNSS devices market is innovation in navigation and positioning equipment.
Visiongain Publishes Homeland Security Market Report 2022-2032
Rising need across the globe is being observed to secure and prepare countries, their people, and critical infrastructure from all hazards and threats. In addition to this, homeland security organizations in both developed and developing countries are focused on investing a substantial amount in advanced homeland security systems to enhance the capabilities of their forces and ensure the safety and security of citizens.
Visiongain Publishes Targeting Pods Market Report 2022-2032
The introduction of a precision targeting system in which optical targeting facilitators define, identify, and track targets using laser beams has acquired widespread acceptance, resulting in a steady increase in demand for targeting pods, especially in the first half of the projected period.
Visiongain Publishes Military Video Analytics and Back-End Systems Market Report 2022-2032
Deep learning technology has allowed video analytics tasks that were previously handled solely by humans to be automated. Video analytics is a type of machine learning algorithm that automatically recognises spatial and temporal events in video data.


Solar energy is the most abundant, renewable energy source in the world. Solar energy systems refer to technologies that convert the sun's heat or light to another form of energy for use US. Department of Energy. "Solar Energy Technology Basics". August 16, 2013. http://energy.gov/eere/energybasics/articles/solar-energy-technology-basics US. Department of Energy. "Solar Energy Technology Basics". August 16, 2013. http://energy.gov/eere/energybasics/articles/solar-energy-technology-basics US. Department of Energy. "Solar Energy Technology Basics". August 16, 2013. http://energy.gov/eere/energybasics/articles/solar-energy-technology-basics US. Department of Energy. "Solar Energy Technology Basics". August 16, 2013. http://energy.gov/eere/energybasics/articles/solar-energy-technology-basics  National Renewable Energy Lab. "Solar Energy Basics". July 25, 2014. http://www.nrel.gov/learning/re_solar.html National Renewable Energy Lab. "Solar Energy Basics". July 25, 2014. http://www.nrel.gov/learning/re_solar.html National Renewable Energy Lab. "Solar Energy Basics". July 25, 2014. http://www.nrel.gov/learning/re_solar.html National Renewable Energy Lab. "Solar Energy Basics". July 25, 2014. http://www.nrel.gov/learning/re_solar.html .
There are two categories of technologies that harness solar energy, Solar Photovoltaics and Solar Thermal.
Solar Photovoltaic (or PV) is a technology that converts sunlight into direct current electricity by using semiconductors US. Department of Energy. "Photovoltaic Technology Basics". August 16, 2013. http://energy.gov/eere/energybasics/articles/photovoltaic-technology-basics US. Department of Energy. "Photovoltaic Technology Basics". August 16, 2013. http://energy.gov/eere/energybasics/articles/photovoltaic-technology-basics US. Department of Energy. "Photovoltaic Technology Basics". August 16, 2013. http://energy.gov/eere/energybasics/articles/photovoltaic-technology-basics US. Department of Energy. "Photovoltaic Technology Basics". August 16, 2013. http://energy.gov/eere/energybasics/articles/photovoltaic-technology-basics . In contrast, Solar Thermal is a technology that utilizes the heat energy from the sun for heating or electricity production US. Department of Energy. "Concentrating Solar Power Basics". August 16, 2013. http://energy.gov/eere/energybasics/articles/concentrating-solar-power-basics US. Department of Energy. "Concentrating Solar Power Basics". August 16, 2013. http://energy.gov/eere/energybasics/articles/concentrating-solar-power-basics US. Department of Energy. "Concentrating Solar Power Basics". August 16, 2013. http://energy.gov/eere/energybasics/articles/concentrating-solar-power-basics US. Department of Energy. "Concentrating Solar Power Basics". August 16, 2013. http://energy.gov/eere/energybasics/articles/concentrating-solar-power-basics .
Solar is a renewable resource and does not emit any greenhouse gases in the energy generation process. However, the cost of solar in relation to other fuel sources is a barrier to adoption. Additionally, sunlight varies depending on geographic location, season, and time of day, which all creates limitations on its use.
Solar Photovoltaic (PV) technology converts the sun's energy into direct current electricity by using semiconductors.


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abortion providers
Home/Tag:abortion providers
By Alissa Manzoeillo|2019-12-02T13:17:33-05:00December 2nd, 2019|
A note from NAF's President and CEO, The Very Reverend Katherine Ragsdale: I am sure many of you saw yesterday's New York Times piece, "How a Divided Left is Losing the Battle on Abortion," which raised a number of concerning and challenging issues about our movement. I spoke to this reporter for more than an [...]
By Melissa Fowler|2019-10-30T17:26:38-05:00October 30th, 2019|
The Very Reverend Katherine Hancock Ragsdale Named President & CEO of NAF Today, the National Abortion Federation (NAF) Board of Directors announced that The Very Reverend Katherine Hancock Ragsdale has been named President and CEO. Ragsdale has served as Interim President and CEO since September 2018. "We are pleased to announce that Katherine will be [...]
By Alissa Manzoeillo|2019-10-01T16:44:21-05:00October 1st, 2019|
Statement of The Very Reverend Katherine Ragsdale, Interim President and CEO of the National Abortion Federation (NAF) on Jackson, Mississippi health center buffer zone: "We applaud the Jackson City Council for approving a 15-foot buffer zone near the front entrance of health care facilities. We are proud to call Jackson Women's Health a NAF member [...]
NAF on Planned Parenthood being forced out of Title X
NAF Blog, Press Release
By Alissa Manzoeillo|2019-09-05T15:30:02-05:00August 19th, 2019|
Statement of The Very Reverend Katherine Ragsdale, Interim President and CEO of the National Abortion Federation (NAF) on Planned Parenthood Federation of America being forced out of Title X: In July, some NAF members—including Maine Family Planning and Boulder Valley Women's Health Center—announced they would withdraw from the federal Title X program due to an [...]
2018: Alarming escalation in anti-abortion trespassing, obstruction, and vandalism
By Alissa Manzoeillo|2019-09-05T14:24:02-05:00May 24th, 2019|
National Abortion Federation Releases 2018 Violence & Disruption Statistics: Escalation in picketing, trespassing, obstruction, vandalism, and online hate speech by anti-abortion individuals Today, the National Abortion Federation (NAF) released its 2018 statistics on violence and disruption against abortion providers. As anti-abortion politicians continue to test the U.S. Supreme Court by passing unconstitutional anti-abortion laws and [...]
U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee's 20-week abortion ban hearing
By Molly Butler|2019-09-06T13:53:36-05:00April 9th, 2019|
Statement by The Very Reverend Katherine Ragsdale, Interim President and CEO of the National Abortion Federation, on the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee's 20-week abortion ban hearing: Lying as a form of public discourse is not only immoral it is also corrosive to democracy—and we've seen it get people killed. It is not okay to accept [...]
S. 311 is a bill of inflammatory language demonizing women
By Alissa Manzoeillo|2019-09-06T13:54:12-05:00February 25th, 2019|
Statement of The Very Reverend Katherine Ragsdale on Senator Ben Sasse's attempt to pass anti-abortion S. 311: This anti-choice bill uses inflammatory language in yet another attempt to justify politically-motivated, medically-unnecessary interference in the practice of medicine, interference that threatens women's access to reproductive health care. It is an attempt to distract from the Trump-Pence [...]
Trump's HHS releases anti-abortion gag rule
By Alissa Manzoeillo|2019-09-06T13:58:17-05:00February 22nd, 2019|
Statement of The Very Reverend Katherine Ragsdale, Interim President and CEO of the National Abortion Federation (NAF) on the Trump Administration's release of the final anti-abortion Title X rule: We believe that all forms of reproductive health care, including abortion care, should not only be legal, but also safe and accessible. Any attempt to reduce [...]
The Very Reverend Katherine H. Ragsdale Named NAF Interim President & CEO
By Melissa Fowler|2018-09-10T11:25:45-05:00September 10th, 2018|
The Very Reverend Katherine H. Ragsdale Named NAF Interim President & CEO Today, the National Abortion Federation (NAF) Board of Directors announced the hiring of The Very Reverend Katherine Hancock Ragsdale as Interim President & CEO of NAF and the NAF Hotline Fund, effective immediately. Today's announcement comes amid one of the most hostile environments for abortion access and abortion providers in decades, and the Interim President & CEO will [...]
Trump-Pence Administration Announce Title X Gag Rule
By Alissa Manzoeillo|2018-05-23T21:24:11-05:00May 23rd, 2018|
Last night, the Trump-Pence administration announced changes to the Title X program that amount to a domestic gag rule. "This rule is another attempt by the Trump-Pence Administration to deny women access to reproductive health care," said Vicki Saporta, President and CEO of the National Abortion Federation (NAF). "It is unconscionable to force medical professionals [...]


Every penny we save, is another penny towards another day on the road. So it goes without saying, saving money is a high priority for us. We're not tight, but rather spend our money on good value experiences, ones to create lasting memories, tick off something on the bucket list or to do something the grandchildren will be awed by one day. Living and travelling in a self contained camper van means we can sleep anywhere we're allowed. So it's no surprise paying for campsites is rarely on our budget plan.
We spent a week touring the Netherlands and during our time among the canals, tulip fields and windmills, we didn't spend any money on accommodation or camping. Here's how we did it and if you follow our approach, you can go free camping in the Netherlands too.
We'd usually use our Camperstop Europe Guide Book and we swear by it for European travel. As we only planned to spend a week or so in Europe en route to South America, we decided we need the space more. That said, if you're travelling in Europe, it's a fantastic buy and will more than pay for itself in the camping fees you save. You can buy your copy here.
We also rely on the iOverlander but it's a little light on locations for free camping in the Netherlands. We've recently added our locations to the app so hopefully it's a little less light now.
Our tool of choice on our Dutch road trip was the popular app, Park4Night. Again, because we're quite frugal we didn't pay for the pro version so the locations aren't available offline. Each day, we'd have an idea of the area we'd want to stay at by around midday. Over a coffee and free wifi picked up along the route, we'd browse the possible parking spots and mark the GPS points into our mapping software. All this only takes a couple of minutes each day.
7 nights in campsites in the Netherlands could easily have cost €140 – €175. Not a saving to be sniffed at!
Looking for a guide to driving in the Netherlands? Look no further….
This was our first visit to the Netherlands. Because we'd used aires and free overnight parking spots throughout France, Spain and Portugal in the past, we figured the Netherlands would offer similar facilities. However, our experience was more like trying to find free camping in the UK.
We didn't see any official aires for motorhomes or camper vans. Lucky for Graham, we have our trusty composting loo so he didn't have the nasty job of emptying the portapotti to do. We did need to replenish our drinking water though and fuel stations didn't have anywhere obvious to top up. Although Netherlands has umpteen canals, I'm not sure we wanted to test our water filter this early into the trip!
Interested in a composting toilet? Check out our review here.
Eventually, when we were almost empty, we asked at a service station where the water tap was to fill up the car. In hindsight, I don't think the attendant would have allowed me to use it if she realised I wanted 160 litres instead of a little to top up a car radiator. I didn't intentionally try to mislead her though. It was only after another attendant asked Graham if we'd been given permission to use the tap, did we realise.
If it wasn't for getting water at this service station, we think the only other option would have been to go into a campsite and that would have been irritating. So, can anyone tell us where we can officially get drinking water to fill up a motorhome or camper van in the Netherlands, without going into a campsite?
The only other challenge we had was with our laundry. We found a self service laundry near Haamstede with 2 loads to wash, we got the machine running. After the first and biggest load finished washing, we moved it to the tumble dryer and fed the machine the €6 fee for a dry we considered adequate. Only the dryer wouldn't start. Yet it counted down the minutes anyway, with no refund button or number to call we were pretty annoyed.
Not only had we lost €6 but worse, we had 2 large loads of wet laundry and no socially acceptable way to dry them. Off to the secluded beach car park we went and became socially unacceptable for a while. And took showers out the back of the truck while we were at it too. The joys of van life.
We found all of these sites on Park4Night. None of the locations have any facilities; there's no water supply, no internet or electricity points. If you need facilities, take a look in the Camper Stop book or at the locations on Park4Night that aren't free. We don't have any experience using the book for the Netherlands so if anyone out there has, it'd be great if you could leave us a comment to share information about any free sites with facilities. Especially where to find potable water.
To give you an idea of the locations where we camped in the Netherlands, we've marked them on the map below. Of course, these aren't necessarily the best places for free camping in the Netherlands but we're sharing for travellers who would like our tips on camping spots we enjoyed based on our experiences.
You can also check on Park4Night, iOverlander and in the Camper stop book for more places other travellers have camped.
We spent a night in the car park at Museum de Cruquius a few kilometers out of town. There's no parking restrictions here and with no barriers, a large rig would have no problem parking. There's a main road nearby but we had almost no noise to mention overnight.
From here, it's easy to either drive into Haarlem town or catch a bus. But best of all, the canal path to the right offers a delightful stroll towards a nearby windmill.
Alkmaar is popular on Friday's for its world famous cheese market and in readiness, we arrived on a Thursday evening, parking here at a large car park beside a rowing club. A couple of other camper vans and motorhomes joined us later in the evening too.
It's a quiet spot, well back from the road. Although it may not look as though there's much to do or see here from the car park, there's a terrific walk on the other side of the bridge past 4 windmills. It's popular with the locals out cycling or walking their dogs. If you're in Alkmaar for an evening, don't miss this.
Whether you plan to visit the popular tourist attraction at Keukenhof or do as we did and see the tulip fields on a budget, this spot is perfect. Ok it's not secluded. Far from it as you'll share the tolerated space with around 200 other motorhomes in the height of tulip season. Despite being surrounded by so many others, it was so quiet, we barely knew it. And with a prime location like this and with campsites in the area either full or very expensive, this is a perfect camping location for seeing the tulip fields in full bloom.
We had an idyllic stay here. Located in a residential area and alongside a canal, this spot was quite unassuming. But it's only 1km walk into Delft and better still, right on the boundary of a fabulous park and lake. Here, the locals were bringing their deck chairs, camping tables and BBQs and spending time together in the unusually hot springtime sunshine. A wonderful way to spend a Sunday afternoon.
Because it's a residential area, you don't need us to tell you to be respectful so make sure you follow the tips in our guide to wild camping in your camper van.
Kinderdijk is pretty busy. There's a huge car park nearby, perfect for an overnight stay if it wasn't for the security guard. He wanders around the car park handing out laminated cards stating that overnight parking is strictly prohibited and giving less than helpful directions to 2 campsites, both around 7km away.
We found this free camping spot about 5km away. It's a small car park beside a couple of tennis courts and right on the bank of a canal. With unobstructed views over the fields and a couple of windmills, it was another top spot for a lazy afternoon and a secluded shower.
We needed a laundry day and with the intentions of visiting the really long bridge, Zeelandbrug, we stopped by this beach camping spot. It's another car park and other than regular visitors walking their dogs during the day, it's totally secluded.
We had a run in with the local tumble dryer in the nearby town (it ate our money without drying our laundry), so we had little choice but to hang the washing line. I know we shouldn't but it was a better option that having stinking damp clothes in the van.


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Douglas Rayner Hartree (Cambridge, 27 maart 1897 – aldaar, 12 februari 1958) was een Engels wiskundige en natuurkundige die bekend werd door zijn onderzoek in de numerieke wiskunde en de toepassing hiervan in de atoomfysica.

Hij gebruikte zijn kennis van de numerieke wiskunde voor de ontwikkeling van methodes om kwantummechanische problemen op te lossen. Deze methode staat nu bekend als de Hartree-Fock methode en wordt veel bij structuur berekeningen voor moleculen gebruikt. Tevens werd een atomaire energie-eenheid naar hem vernoemd, de Hartree (symbool Eh).

Brits wiskundige
Brits natuurkundige
Brits scheikundige

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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3 Dodge Cars - Dodge official site – muscle cars & sports cars, Domestic. not domesticated. dodge vehicles are bred for performance. explore the full dodge lineup, inventory, incentives, dealership information & more.. Dodge cars, coupe, sedan, suv/crossover, van: reviews, Dodge's storied muscle-car past is a big part of how the brand defines itself today, with flagship performance cars that include the 707-horsepower, hellcat-powered challenger and charger.dodge. Dodge - wikipedia, Dodge is an american brand of automobile manufactured by fca us llc (formerly known as chrysler group llc), based in auburn hills, michigan.dodge vehicles currently include performance cars, though for much of its existence dodge was chrysler's mid-priced brand above plymouth.. founded as the dodge brothers company machine shop by brothers horace elgin dodge and john francis dodge in the early. Dodge sale () - cars..za, Browse dodge for sale (used) listings on cars.co.za, the latest dodge news, reviews and car information. everything you need to know on one page!. 262 cars, trucks, suvs stock belton | dodge, Dodge country has 262 pre-owned cars, trucks and suvs in stock and waiting for you now! let our team help you find what you're searching for.. Dodge reviews - dodge cars | edmunds, Dodge cars: research dodge cars, read dodge reviews, find dodge car listings and get dodge pricing & dealer quotes.. Dodge cars, suvs, trucks, & minivans - consumer reports, Dodge has been cast as the performance brand in the fiat chrysler automobiles family of brands, exemplified by the charger sedan and challenger coupe.. Dodge muscle cars sale/classic dodge sale, Dodge muscle cars, classic dodge for sale. 1918 dodge touring barn find 1921 dodge touring 1923 dodge 4dr 5 passenger business sedan. 2017 dodge grand caravan consumer reviews | cars., 5 out of 5 stars. most luxurious vehicle i have owned. by joy rider from eden new york on sun feb 25 2018 dodge caravan so enjoyable to drive feels like i am just gliding along 22- thousand miles.


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Watch! 'Big Sky' Season 3 Premieres Tonight with Jensen Ackles Returning!
Published on September 21st, 2022 | Updated on September 21st, 2022 | By FanFest
Jenny and Cassie are returning to Helena for another case. What obstacles will they encounter in the Big Sky Season 3 premiere, and how can fans watch it live online?
For a time, things in Helena have been quiet. That is, until we check back in for the third season premiere of Big Sky. This year's edition will concentrate on a new case and new foe, both of which have yet to be revealed.
In the new episode, we'll encounter Sunny Barnes. She and her family have established Sunny Day Excursions outside of town, and tourists are leaving for trips into Montana's wildness. It's meant to be a good time, but things go downhill as soon as they arrive.
When a backpacker vanishes, Cassie is hired to look into it. To solve the problem, she forms an alliance with Jenny and new sheriff Beau.
The next episode will see Jensen Ackles return as the new sheriff. When Tubb was badly wounded in the Season 2 finale, he took over as acting sheriff. He's staying for a little longer, but how long? Is Tubb returning anytime soon, or will Jenny be promoted to lieutenant like Tubb wanted?
For the moment, she'll have to collaborate with Beau. At first glance, he appeared somewhat eye-rollingly annoying, but he showed that he trusted Jenny's instincts. He's eager to work with her more, and it's a good thing because the case they're dealing with is rather serious.
This year in Helena, a backpacker has gone missing, and two detectives will have to track down the murderer. What could possibly be going on?
Big Sky airs Wednesdays on ABC.
Timothy is a senior writer based in Atlanta, specializing in celebrity-related news. She is always ready to cover trending TV stories with an unbiased perspective and a pinch of gossip.
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Home » News » Watch! 'Big Sky' Season 3 Premieres Tonight with Jensen Ackles Returning!


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These are recent projects I've contributed towards. My work covers the gamut of design, front-end development and back-end development.
The new homepage for the University of St Andrews delivers a new look and feel for the University with a responsive layout. It includes a rethought information architecture of the home page and other top-level sections.
My involvement: led front-end development; conducted user testing; assisted implementation in T4.
The Digital pattern library at St Andrews is a tool for documenting and sharing design patterns for digital creators at the University. It's a key milestone towards achieving a vision of a consistent look and feel for University digital products.
My involvement: created the pattern library structure and automation; liaised with developers across the University; led development of all front-end code; conducted user testing; chair ongoing fortnightly meeting of University web developers.
The article Light Box breaks new ground in story-telling at St Andrews. Inspired by immersive long-form articles in the New York Times and Medium, we created this story to demonstrate what was possible.
My involvement: design and typography; front-end development; implementation in T4.
About Work
Colophon | RSS | © Copyright 2015-2020 Sam Parsons. All rights reserved.


A recently published work by the Center investigators has been selected by the Society of Toxicology's Risk Assessment Specialty Section as one of the "Top 10 Best Papers Advancing the Science of Risk Assessment" for 2012. Lock E, et al. (Quantitative high-throughput screening for chemical toxicity in a population-based in vitro model. Toxicol Sci. 126(2):574–588, 2012) demonstrated the feasibility of an in vitro model system to assess inter-individual and population-wide variability of chemical-induced toxicity phenotypes. "As toxicity testing shifts from in vivo to in vitro to efficiently prioritize chemicals for their potential human health hazard, better understanding is needed of how inter-individual variability component of toxicity testing can be captured," said Ivan Rusyn, the Principal Investigator of the Center and professor of Environmental Sciences and Engineering at UNC. The manuscript details the results of a study that used about 100 human lymphoblast cell lines and 240 chemicals at 12 concentrations to evaluate inter-individual differences in cytotoxicity and apoptosis. "This work demonstrates how the improved resolution of genetic and gene expression profiling can now be matched with high-quality in vitro screening data and potentially incorporated into next-generation of human health assessments," adds Fred Wright, Center co-investigator and professor of Biostatistics at UNC. The evaluation of the toxicity pathways and the effects of genetic diversity are now feasible through the use of a genetically-defined and –diverse human in vitro cell system. This work was a collaborative effort with the NIH's Division of the National Toxicology Program (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences) and the Chemical Genomics Center (National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences).