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The Great Saints of March: Patrick and Joseph
By Jennifer Gregory Miller ( bio - articles - email ) | Mar 17, 2015 | In The Liturgical Year
I always look forward to mid-March. My birthday falls on March 16 and it marks the beginning of a series of breaks from the Lenten focus and a little festivity. Not everyone is celebrating my birthday, but the Church honors two very popular saints, Patrick and Joseph, within three days (and one week later is the Solemnity of the Annunciation). The liturgy of the Lenten season dominates the month of March. The calendar reform of 1969 moved some saints' days (such as St. Benedict) to give more prominence to the Lenten liturgy and allow the full cult of the saint to shine during another part of the year. But these two saints' days always fall during Lent, and have some unique characteristics in contrast to saints' days in other liturgical seasons.
On March 17 the Church honors St. Patrick, who in the fifth century came to Ireland as a missionary and converted all the country a span of thirty-three years. He changed Ireland forever. Not only did St. Patrick convert Ireland, his influence was universal. With his work, religious orders and monasteries were established and spread. These orders preserved the Faith during the period often referred to as the "Dark Ages." And his work continues for many centuries. As the Irish emigrated, they took their Faith with them all over the world. In the eyes of the Church his sanctity isn't about the marvelous accomplishments of his life, but the actual living his Catholic faith. He was saintly. In other words, he lived the Gospel and loved Christ above all things. And that is what makes his life exemplary.
Unfortunately, especially in the United States, March 17 now is mainly equated with all things Irish and green. It is understandable that honoring this saint would remind an Irishman of his heritage. The transition from the motherland to the United States was difficult and full of persecution, and there should be a day to unite the Irish worldwide. Somewhere along the line there is a disconnect from the Catholic feast day honoring St. Patrick, but I won't belabor that obvious point.
If one lived in Ireland, St. Patrick's day is a solemnity, the highest rank of a feast day. Although it might be a bitter pill to swallow for many Irish, in the United States St. Patrick's Day is the lowest rank: an optional memorial. (But the Church recognizes that when St. Patrick is a local patron, such as the name of the church, cathedral, patron of a diocese, etc., the ranking goes higher.) From the Universal Norms of the Liturgical Year and Calendar:
9. The Saints who have universal importance are celebrated in an obligatory way throughout the whole Church; other Saints are either inscribed in the calendar, but for optional celebration, or are left to be honored by a particular Church, or nation, or religious family.5
10. Celebrations, according to the importance assigned to them, are hence distinguished one from another and termed: Solemnity, Feast, Memorial....
14. Memorials are either obligatory or optional; their observance is integrated into the celebration of the occurring weekday in accordance with the norms set forth in the General Instruction of the Roman Missal and of the Liturgy of the Hours.
Obligatory Memorials which fall on weekdays of Lent may only be celebrated as Optional Memorials.
And during Lent, even if the priest were celebrating the optional memorial for a saint, the vestments remain violet. In St. Patrick's case because he is a bishop and not a martyr, in Ireland and other countries where it is celebrated as a solemnity, the vestments would be white. St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York City would celebrate a solemnity "of the title of one's own church" and could wear white vestments. But note that the liturgical color for St. Patrick is NEVER green.
If March 17 falls on a Friday, an optional memorial still requires abstinence from meat, which is a solemn obligation of all Catholics from the age of fourteen. This would explain why when St. Patrick's Day falls on a Friday the corned beef and bangers are off the menu. Only the bishop can give dispensation to the abstinence rule.
I read of one parish having their "official" St. Patrick's Day celebration the Friday before the actual feast day, and the menu was not meatless. Regardless if the bishop has provided dispensation previously for the actual day the dispensation doesn't apply to parties on days other than the feast day!
Solemnity of St. Joseph
March 19 marks the Solemnity of St. Joseph on the Universal Calendar of the Church. This is the other great saint of March, actually considered after Mary to be one of the greatest saints of the Church. St. Joseph is now included into the Eucharistic Prayer at every Mass. St. Joseph was the foster-father of Jesus and the husband of Mary. He had such a privileged position to be in such intimate company of the Son of God and Mother of God. But he also had such a great responsibility to care for his wife and foster-son. There is not one recorded word of St. Joseph. We know so little about him, and yet his silence, his obedience, his tender care speaks volumes of his sanctity.
So many people think of St. Joseph as the Italian saint, but almost every nationality and religious order have great devotion to St. Joseph.
The Church universally honors St. Joseph's Day as a solemnity, which according to the Universal Norms of the Liturgical Year and Calendar is
counted among the most important days, whose celebration begins with First Vespers (Evening Prayer I) on the preceding day.
The official celebrating can start the evening before the 19th. The liturgical color is white for a solemnity. For the Mass, there will be an extra reading and the Nicene Creed is prayed. The Gloria has not been sung all through Lent, but this is also prayed today. The only prayer that is missing is the Alleluia.
In the United States, St. Joseph's Day is not a holyday of obligation, but in many other countries it still is celebrated as such.
In years where there is a very early Easter (falling in March), St. Joseph's Day might be transferred. From the Universal Norms:
The Solemnity of Saint Joseph, where it is observed as a Holyday of Obligation, should it fall on Palm Sunday of the Lord's Passion, is anticipated on the preceding Saturday, 18 March. Where, on the other hand, it is not observed as a Holyday of Obligation, it may be transferred by the Conference of Bishops to another day outside Lent.
If March 19 falls on a Sunday, the feast will usually be celebrated on the previous day, March 18.
Because the rank of a solemnity and Sunday is of the highest rank, if St. Joseph's Day falls on Friday in Lent, abstinence is not obligatory on this feast. From the Code of Canon Law:
Can. 1251 Abstinence from meat, or from some other food as determined by the Episcopal Conference, is to be observed on all Fridays, unless a solemnity should fall on a Friday.
There is no need to wait for official dispensation, as this is always the rule. There is no fasting on Sundays or solemnities.
Of course, I don't want to stir up controversy, but universally St. Joseph has higher rank than St. Patrick. In the United States, St. Joseph "wins" liturgically.
Although I'm comparing and contrasting the two different saints' days as they fall in Lent, the Church rejoices at both of the saints. St. Patrick and St. Joseph don't need to be pitted against each other, but it is important to understand the liturgical differences of the two feast days.
For more thoughts on St. Patrick and St. Joseph, please see my posts from last year:
Feastday Highlights: St. Patrick and the Paschal Feast
Solemnity of St. Joseph: A Family Celebration
Jennifer Gregory Miller is an experienced homemaker, mother, CGS catechist and authority on living the liturgical year. She is the primary developer of CatholicCulture.org's liturgical year section. See full bio.
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A person who goes about carrying goods from house to house to endeavour to sell them there.
"[H]awker or pedlar, that is, a person who goes about the country carrying his goods with him from house to house to sell or endeavour to sell them there."
"Hawker is defined to be an itinerant trader who goes about from place to place, carrying with him and selling wares. One who sells his wares by proclaiming them on the street. Pedlar, a hawker in small wares. One who travels the country with small commodities."


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Moody – NSF Early CAREER Award
ECE's Galan Moody receives the award in support of his effort to develop a new quantum photonic platform that allows for chip-scale quantum information processing with light
With an ability to analyze and rapidly process extremely large datasets, quantum computing promises to enable transformational advances in everything from the rapid discovery of new drugs and vaccines to secure storage and transmission of personal information. The key to the speed of quantum computers lies in qubits, the basic units of information that can exist in multiple states, a phenomenon that provides far more processing power than the binary bits of classical computers.
Quantum computers are difficult to engineer, build, and program, however, because highly sensitive qubits are easily affected by environmental disturbance, referred to as noise, such as temperature fluctuations and vibrations. Most qubits also need to be cooled to absolute zero (-273 degrees Celsius) to be usable. One potential solution being explored by researchers at UC Santa Barbara involves photonics, the science of using and controlling photons, which is the smallest unit of light. Photonic circuits can transfer data faster than traditional electronic circuits, and today power data centers and make the internet possible.
"Photons have several potential advantages for quantum computing, most notably room-temperature operation," said Galan Moody, an assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering (ECE). "They also don't interact strongly with their environment, so they retain their quantum states for really long periods of time."
Moody says that integrated photonics, a field in which UCSB researchers have established themselves as world leaders, is especially promising. Integrated photonics is the design and fabrication of photonic devices in which all of the components, ranging from lasers to optical interconnects, are contained on one chip.
"Integrated photonics offer additional advantages, including the ability to leverage the national photonic infrastructure already developed and the high density of components that can be integrated onto a single photonic chip," said Moody. "This will help with reliability, stability, and most importantly, scalability."
In support of his effort to develop a new quantum photonic platform that allows for chip-scale quantum information processing with light, Moody has received an Early CAREER award from the National Science Foundation (NSF), a prestigious honor that comes with $500,000 in research funding over five years.
"It's an incredible honor, and it's a testament to the dedication and hard work of my students and postdocs, especially with the challenges everyone has faced this past year," said Moody. "I couldn't be prouder of my group, who really made it possible for me to receive this award. It validates the vision we've been developing over the past couple of years, and it provides support for us to help drive the field of quantum photonics into exciting new directions over the next five years and beyond."
Moody says the award is a direct result of the tremendous mentoring he has received from the college and his department, as well as rewarding collaborations, most notably with John Bowers, a distinguished professor of materials and ECE and the director of UCSB's Institute for Energy Efficiency (IEE).
"We congratulate Professor Galan Moody on this great recognition of his work and the tremendous potential of his research on quantum photonics," said Rod Alferness, dean of the College of Engineering. "We are tremendously proud to see junior faculty, like Professor Moody, rewarded for pushing the boundaries of science and technology to benefit society. I look forward to the research and mentorship this support will enable."
The UCSB Current – "Lighting the Way to Quantum Computers" (full article)
Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER) Award
Moody's ECE profile
Moody's Quantum Photonics Lab

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Audrey Cheyenne Latt (* 2002 oder 2003) ist eine US-amerikanische Schauspielerin und Synchronsprecherin.

Leben
Latt wirkte bereits 2003 in dem Film Scarecrow Slayer mit. Für den Film wurden Aufzeichnungen von ihr als Fötus verwendet. In den nächsten Jahren folgten verschiedene Filmbesetzungen als Kinderdarstellerin: 2005 war sie in der Rolle der Cheyenne in Krieg der Welten 3 – Wie alles begann zu sehen, 2009 in Countdown: Jerusalem als Mary und 2011 in 2012: Ice Age als Crowd. In allen Filmen fungierte David Michael Latt als Filmproduzent. Weitere Mitwirkungen hatte sie in den Trashfilmen Sharknado 2, Sharknado 3, Sharknado 5: Global Swarming und Sharknado 6: The Last One. 2016 wirkte sie in einer Episode der Fernsehserie Z Nation mit. 2019 übernahm sie eine Nebenrolle im Horrorfilm Clown – Willkommen im Kabinett des Schreckens, einem Mockbuster zu Es Kapitel 2. 2020 hatte sie Besetzungen im Fernsehfilm Stalked by My Husband's Ex und eine größere Rolle als Erica in Apocalypse of Ice – Die letzte Zuflucht. 2021 folgte eine Rolle in Planet Dune.

Sie ist außerdem als Synchronsprecherin tätig. 2016 lieh sie im Animationsfilm Izzies Weg nach Hause dem Charakter Jenny ihre Stimme. 2020 sprach sie im Animationsfilm Homeward den Charakter Forelle.

Filmografie (Auswahl)

Schauspiel
 2003: Scarecrow Slayer
 2005: Krieg der Welten 3 – Wie alles begann (H. G. Wells' War of the Worlds)
 2009: Countdown: Jerusalem
 2011: 2012: Ice Age
 2014: Sharknado 2 (Sharknado 2: The Second One, Fernsehfilm)
 2014: Santa Claws
 2015: Sharknado 3 (Sharknado 3: Oh Hell No!)
 2016: Z Nation (Fernsehserie, Episode 3x10)
 2017: Sharknado 5: Global Swarming
 2018: Sharknado 6: The Last One (The Last Sharknado: It's About Time)
 2019: Clown – Willkommen im Kabinett des Schreckens (Clown)
 2020: Stalked by My Husband's Ex (Fernsehfilm)
 2020: Apocalypse of Ice – Die letzte Zuflucht (Apocalypse of Ice)
 2021: Planet Dune

Synchronisation
 2016: Izzies Weg nach Hause (Izzie's Way Home, Animationsfilm)
 2020: Homeward (Animationsfilm)

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Filmschauspieler
Kinderdarsteller
Synchronsprecher
US-Amerikaner
Geboren im 21. Jahrhundert
Frau

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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[Review] Pho Viet, Parnell Street, Dublin 1
Dublin has never really had a Vietnamese restaurant, at least not one that serves the legendary comfort food know as pho. Pho is a soup noodle dish made with a fragrant broth, meat and oodles of rice noodles (confusingly also called pho). The broth is the central element of the dish, from which you pull up tangled strands of noodles and pieces of tender meat.
Pho Viet is a newly-opened Vietnamese restaurant in the heart of Dublin's Asian community on Parnell Street. Its spread out over three floors with a clean and simple interior which is all white walls and floors with faux marble-topped tables. Even the downstairs toilets are beautifully decorated. The French history of Vietnam is evident in the menu, where curry is offered with either potatoes or baguette. It's a simple menu which makes ordering easy.
First to arrive were the Goi Cuon, fresh and light Vietnamese spring rolls (€3.00) filled with prawns, vegetables and mint all neatly tucked up in a translucent soft rice wrap. Banh Xeo featured a mix of prawns and pork with bean sprouts and onions folded into a rice pancake (€6.00). While we were still eating the starters, staff carefully carried our bowls of pho to the table, along with a plate of herbs and garnishes to give additional crunch and flavour to the pho. Both our phos were similar with me having a brisket and steak version, while he had steak, brisket and flank.
Goi Cuon (fresh spring rolls) and Banh Xeo (pancake)
Pho gives you a chance to eat like a child. Dig up a wad of noodles with your chopsticks, lean you head in over the bowl and slurp up the noodles. Use your spoon and chopsticks to ladle in tasty tidbits, or add sriracha sauce for extra heat. But above all, enjoy the wonderful, flavoursome broth.
Making pho broth is a lengthy process typically involving marrow bones, knuckles and an assortment of meat pieces, along with a selection of spices. In some cases, the careful preparation of the pho broth can take up to 12 hours of careful simmering, all designed to get the bone marrow released and dissolved throughout the broth. But it's all worth it. There is such a sense of comfort and wellness from a good bowl of pho that it's practically a health food.
A pot of jasmine tea was served complementary alongside our meal, but Pho Viet also offers Vietnamese coffee which I enjoyed hot with a thick layer of sweet condensed milk (€2.50). It's possible to have a drink and bowl of pho and still have change from a tenner, which is truly remarkable and filling value.
The very last thing to talk about is how to pronounce pho. Even though it has a mere three letters, it's a fun word. For me, the closest sound is "fuh" with the last part being drawn out, so it becomes more like "f-uuuh". You can listen to the Wikipedia pronunciation here.
Pho Viet, 162 Parnell Street, Dublin 1
Tel: +353 (0)1 878 3165
URL: Pho Viet on Facebook
Labels: asian food, Dublin, restaurant reviews, Restaurants, Vietnamese
Hmmm... phở is a breakfast dish in Vietnam. Not too sure about eating it for dinner. Potatoes in Vietnamese food also seems a bit crazy, manioc would be the norm. I'll still give it a shot but I'm not expecting much.
French foodie in Dublin said...
Yum! You made me want to try this place.
Is this place next door to kimchi or did it replace it?
dudara said...
Kimchi is still there (thankfully), this place is between Kimchi and the junction with O'Connell St
Hi anonymous - sorry that I removed your post, but I will not allow posts that contain unfounded accusations.
Definitely going to check this place out, but wasn't there a Vietnamese restaurant here in Dublin before?
It was called Ho Sen and was just behind the Central Bank. I had dinner there a few times and always really enjoyed it.
Gone a couple of years now though.
Yes, you're right. Ho Sen was in Templebar, but it's been gone a while now. I don't think it served pho though (but I am open to correction).
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text:
Der Autan ist ein südöstlicher Wind in Südwestfrankreich, genauer in der Region um Toulouse und im Département Tarn. Es handelt sich um eine Fortsetzung des Marin, der an der Mittelmeerküste bläst.  Der Name leitet sich ab von lateinisch altus (dt. hoch), mit altanus als "der vom Hohen (Meer) her Wehende".

Der Autan entsteht, wenn der Marin vom Meer her auf die Senke zwischen Pyrenäen und Massif central drückt. Diese Senke zwischen Narbonne und Toulouse, die auch vom Canal du Midi durchflossen wird, wird im Süden durch die Corbières, einem Pyräneenausläufer, und im Norden durch die Montagne Noire, einem Ausläufer des Zentralmassivs begrenzt. Durch Kanalisationseffekte wird der Wind hier im Tal der Aude und im Lauragais, über die Seuil de Naurouze, verstärkt, um dann die Gegend um Toulouse zu durchwehen. Für den Autan im Département Tarn spielt die Kanalisation in den Tälern des Agout und des Tarn eine Rolle. Durch Föhneffekte kann die anfangs feuchte Luft des Marin getrocknet werden, wenn sie über die Corbieres und die Montagne Noire strömt.

Die größte Stärke entwickelt er bei Mazamet. Seine Böen können über 100 Kilometer pro Stunde erreichen. Gemessene Spitzenwerte betragen 137 km/h in Millau im Département Aveyron am 12. Dezember 1997 und 122 km/h in Blagnac, Dept. Haute-Garonne am 14. April 2003.

Bei entgegengesetzten Druckdifferenzen zwischen Pyrenäen und Mittelmeer können sich starke Nordwest- oder Westwinde entwickeln, die Tramontane und der Cers.

Autan blanc und Autan noir
Der Autan wird unterteilt in den "Autan blanc" und den "Autan noir", den weißen und den schwarzen Autan. Der Autan blanc ist ein trockener Schönwetterwind aus Südost, ein verbundener Marin trägt nur begrenzte Feuchtigkeit. Er kann aber auch ohne Marin entstehen. Im Winter kann er sich sehr unangenehm anfühlen, da die gefühlte Temperatur deutlich unter der tatsächlichen liegen kann. Er entsteht in der Regel bei Hochdruck über Mitteleuropa, der bis Frankreich reichen kann.

Der Autan noir ist ein warmer, feuchter Wind, der Regen und Gewitter bringen kann. Wenn der Marin lange über Meer bläst kann er viel Feuchtigkeit aufnehmen, die sich im Autan noir wieder ablädt. Er entsteht bei einem Tiefdruckgebiet über der Biskaya und Spanien oder über dem Mittelmeer. Selten bläst der Autan noir länger als zwei Tage.

Weblinks

 Tramontane und Autan, Vigilance Météo (de) – Diagramm zur Vorhersage des Autan

Einzelnachweise

Wind
Wetter und Klima des Mittelmeeres
Wetter und Klima Europas
Okzitanien
Okzitanien (Verwaltungsregion)
Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Pyrenäen
Geographie (Frankreich)

pl:Wiatr#Nazwy lokalne wiatrów


text:
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text:
Transplant deaths at Mount Sinai
The state Department of Health is investigating five deaths at the liver transplant ward at Mount Sinai Hospital and is looking into whether the hospital has failed to report others.
The hospital was fined $48,000 last week for inadequate staffing in its liver transplant ward following the death of live donor Michael Hurewitz, 57, in January, and its live-donor transplant program was suspended for six months.
Health officials are also looking into the deaths of 48-year-old Anthony Montemarano, who died of an infection in the liver transplant ward on Thursday; William Dellmore, 47, who died two years ago, Rabbi Jeffrey Wartenberg, 62, who died in January; and a fifth patient, whose name was not released.
The Manhattan hospital said in a statement that it is "cooperating fully" with the inquiries.
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text:
Volga-Dnepr pushes for freighter version of MC-21
byClement Charpentreau
Evgeniyqw/Shutterstock
While visiting the MAKS 2021 Russian air show, a delegation of the cargo group Volga-Dnepr discussed with Irkut the potential to develop a freighter version of the upcoming Russian airliner MC-21.
"Amid the capacity constraints, emerging demand for freighters and increase of cargo volumes worldwide Irkut Corporation is in favourable position to commence the freighter program," the carrier wrote in a statement. "Volga-Dnepr Group might become the possible launch customer of the MC-21-200 freighter version."
The MC-21 is a medium-haul plane capable of carrying between 132 and 211 passengers ‒ a prized market segment. It is destined to replace the Tu-154 and Tu-204 in Russia and aims to compete on the global market with two best-sellers, the Boeing 737 and the Airbus A320.
Deliveries are slated to start by the end of 2021, according to the trade and industry minister Denis Manturov, with its launch customer being the Russian flag carrier Aeroflot. So far, the airliner has attracted 175 firm orders, in their vast majority from Russian airlines. No order was placed during MAKS 2021.
Meanwhile, four Russian carriers have placed orders and options for the Sukhoi Superjet regional aircraft during aishow, for a total of 58 aircraft.
Sukhoi Superjet attracts 58 orders, still no luck outside Russia
MC-21
Volga-Dnepr
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Young Americans today live in a world of endless connections and up-to-the-minute information on one another, constantly updating friends, loved ones, and total strangers — "Quiz tomorrow...gotta study!" — about the minutiae of their young, wired lives. And there are signs that Generation Wi-Fi is also interested in connecting with people, like, face-to-face, in person. The percentage of high school seniors who volunteer has been rising for two decades.
idea, and it's fair to say that most of us don't spend our days wondering if we're empathetic. Yet psychologists have been trying to measure empathy for decades, recognizing its inherent value to humanity. A world without empathy, they say, is a world we wouldn't want to live in.
It's so inconceivable that Davis counts himself among the skeptics of the new research that documents the decline. "Put me down," he said, "as intrigued by it." He points out that Konrath, along with coauthors Edward O'Brien and Courtney Hsing, are drawing their conclusions from a relatively small sample size — just 72 studies over three decades. He and others would like to see more work on the matter before making any final conclusions about how much young people care, or don't care, about others. But even some skeptics agree that it's disturbing to consider the trend laid out in the new research and then play out the string.
In small ways, psychologists say, empathy is constantly driving our daily lives, as we take into consideration how other people might feel before we act. Some suggest that empathy is the foundation for social norms, even basic etiquette. We typically don't insult people to their faces, Davis explained, in part because we know they're not going to like how that feels.
Given its obvious importance to relationships and the human experience, psychologists began studying the issue in the early to mid-20th century. Some researchers have conducted live experiments, staging scenes where someone is suffering and then gauging how observers respond to watching the pain. Others, meanwhile, have developed surveys where people are asked to self-report how they feel, or don't feel, about others or themselves in certain situations. The survey respondents usually then receive a score, essentially assigning a number to describe just how empathetic they are or aren't.
That link between empathy and narcissism drove the Michigan study. In recent years, some psychologists, including Konrath, have offered evidence that narcissism may be on the rise, leading to a debate about whether that's actually happening and, if so, whether it's a problem. A certain amount of narcissism is healthy, psychologists point out, helping give people the confidence to compete, succeed, or lead others. But it can also tip the other way, creating a world of increased self-absorption. Konrath and her coauthors, hoping to get to the bottom of this debate, set out to measure how empathy had changed over time. If narcissism was truly on the rise, they postulated, then empathy had to be in decline. They began to analyze the results of 72 different surveys, given to almost 14,000 college students, beginning in 1979, charting how the students answered the same questions over time.
Starting around a decade ago, scores in two key areas of empathy begin to tumble downward. According to the analysis, perspective-taking, often known as cognitive empathy — that is, the ability to think about how someone else might feel — is declining. But even more troubling, Konrath noted, is the drop-off the researchers have charted in empathic concern, often known as emotional empathy. This is the ability to exhibit an emotional response to someone's else's distress.
Perhaps more than any other characteristic, one's capacity for empathic concern dictates how much one cares about others. Those who score high in empathic concern, according to past research, are more likely to return incorrect change to a cashier, let someone else ahead of them in line, carry a stranger's belongings, give money to a homeless person, volunteer, donate to a charity, look after a friend's pet or plant, or even live on a vegetarian diet. And what's alarming, Konrath said, is that empathic concern has fallen more than any other aspect of empathy. Between 1979 and 2009, according to the new research, empathic concern dropped 48 percent.
The results have led to the obvious follow-up questions: What cultural changes may have shaped children in the 1980s and '90s, giving rise to a less empathetic generation? Why do we care less? And is there any way we can reverse the trend?
The answers, to date, are all speculative. What's clear, Konrath said, is that something critical began happening about a decade ago when a new crop of college students began taking these standard surveys.
Perhaps, others argue, the problem is the advent of 24-hour cable and Internet news; young people today have been inundated with news to the point that they cannot care anymore. The oil spill in Louisiana this week, the flood in Pakistan next week — the tragedies all run together, making it harder to care in any sort of sustained way. Parenting could also be at fault, Konrath speculated. Perhaps today's less empathetic children were raised by more narcissistic parents. Or the problem could be a hypercompetitive world in which everyone is trying to get into the best schools, get ahead, get more.
It's possible, some psychologists argue, that people haven't changed so much as the world around us has. Innately, they suggest, young people today still care as much as they once did. But at a time when jobs are scarce, the economy is sputtering, our politics are filled with anger, and people often feel powerless to address the problems in their own lives — much less affect big issues like climate change — perhaps young Americans are just evolving to focus on what matters most: their own tiny worlds.
Still, she is trying to stay upbeat about the present and the future. If empathy can go down, she said, it can also go up. It's malleable. But still there's reason for concern, just knowing how a lack of empathy can affect society.
In recent years, W. Keith Campbell, Twenge's coauthor and a professor of psychology at the University of Georgia, has run a series of experiments where he places four people in charge of forestry companies harvesting an imaginary 200-hectare forest. He gives them permission to cut down 10 hectares a year, stipulating that 10 percent will grow back. The question before the participants is: Will they limit their short-term gains for the long-term good of the group? Or will they cut down as many trees as possible, thereby exhausting the resource for everyone much faster?
The narcissists — those focused primarily on themselves — always do well, Campbell said, harvesting more trees than the others in the group. But soon enough, the system is destroyed and everyone is worse off.


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8 Ways to Make Sure Your Leadership Style Isn't Offensive
readsonthego | May 18, 2021 | Leadership | No Comments
Opinions expressed by contributors are their own. Giving feedback is an essential part of a leader's role. It shouldn't be overlooked, but it can be a complex task, as it's not always well-received. Sometimes people want to improve, but they can't handle the constructive feedback required.
Feedback can improve performance, enhance trust and respect, and advance the achievement of mutual goals. Misused, it can be toxic to relationships, teams and culture. Criticism can embody fear, create environments where people feel like they are being attacked and rock people's confidence and self-esteem. It can carry an intent of belittlement, embarrassment and harm.
At times, delivering constructive feedback can be difficult: There's a fine line between feedback and criticism. Yet one Harvard Business Review study found that employees preferred constructive feedback (57 percent) to praise or recognition (43 percent).
As a leader, giving and receiving feedback when things are going well is often easier. It can be tricky when an employee grates on you or is under-performing. Feedback requires artistry. Here are eight ways to offer helpful and well-intended feedback.
Related: 5 Ways to Be a Leader Your Employees Will Respect
Before offering feedback, ask your employee if it's okay for you to do so. Prefacing the interaction with courtesy, respect and transparency sets the right tone, allowing you to deliver your feedback freely. When you lead the conversation with an intent to be kind and compassionate, you set the stage for growth and conversation.
When workplace conflict has arisen, or processes go haywire, considerate leaders confront the problem, not the person. Focusing in isolation on the person creates a defensive dynamic, where people perceive a personal attack, often distracting from the real issue.
Feedback must involve suggestions for improvement within the context of the challenge. For instance, if a staff employee presented an unmotivating presentation that did not engage the team, rather than providing feedback that the production was "boring," focus on how using a picture and story to highlight the key message within the presentation may be more engaging.
Related: How to Make Negative Feedback Work For You
HBR research reported that 69 percent of managers were not comfortable giving feedback, and 37 percent would not give critical feedback at all. When delivering unfortunate news to an individual, especially to someone you are frustrated with, imagine speaking to someone you respect. When you are conscious of how another person may feel upon hearing feedback, you will approach him or her with honesty, kindness and respect. If you overhear one of your employees delivering some terrible advice, you don't come out and say, "Your advice was crap." You guide them in the right direction.
When you want to turn the tables, give your employee a chance to stand in your shoes. For example, if a team leader is giving feedback to a staff member about a complaint from a customer, ask your employees how they would suggest a situation be managed if they were leading the group. Opening a discussion and exploring how all parties might react creates fruitful dialogue without throwing anyone under the bus.
Can you remember a time when you received praise at the start and end of the conversation and, in between, a barrage of criticism? The feedback sandwich is a lousy technique that reeks of insincerity and sets a precedent for people to brace for criticism every time you praise them, diluting the real message in the middle of a conversation.
Leaders must separate feedback into different conversations — deliver all the praise in one exchange and in another, focus on corrective feedback and how improvements can be made. Ongoing, casual check-ins and consistent one-on-one meetings combat the tendency to sugarcoat, provide platforms for frequent feedback and prevent future awkward disagreements.
As a team, breaking down the critical elements of a constructive-feedback interaction could establish a safe and inviting environment and build trust. Leaders can explore helpful questions: What are examples of behaviors you would like to see when giving feedback? Can you share some of the ways you can bring solutions to feedback conversations? What has not worked in the past when giving and receiving feedback? What would the ideal feedback interactions look, hear and feel like for both parties?
Related: 22 Qualities That Make a Great Leader
Leaders create pathways and build cultures for learning to reinvent, renew and pivot consistently. Officevibe's research reveals that when managers nurture a culture of feedback, there is a higher chance of cultivating an environment where people feel that they can express their views and innovate.
How you deliver and receive feedback determines whether your employees will follow suit. As a leader, demonstrating composure, patience and executive presence sets the tone of the culture, reflects your character and creates the expectation that feedback can be shared without fear of retribution. When feedback is viewed as neither good nor bad, it serves as a bridge, allowing employees to get where they'd like to go.
Insights are one thing, but most successful people take the next step and translate feedback into actions and tangible change. In a leadership role, be specific to enable your employees to build upon what they are doing right and measure progress. When your feedback is non-specific or focuses on ultimatums rather than coachable behaviours, frustration builds and toxic behaviors infect the team and culture.
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Income assurances are a crucial factor in determining public compliance with self-isolation regulations during the COVID-19 outbreak – cohort study in Israel
Moran Bodas ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-6182-63621,2 &
Kobi Peleg1,2
The outbreak of a new Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) poses dramatic challenges to public health authorities worldwide. One measure put in place to contain the spread of the disease is self-quarantine of individuals who may have been exposed to the disease. While officials expect the public to comply with such regulation, studies suggest that a major obstacle to compliance for self-quarantine is concern over loss of income or employment due to the prolonged absence from work.
A cohort study of the adult population of Israel was conducted in two time points during the COVID-19 outbreak, the last week of February and the third week of March 2020, in order to assess public attitudes. In particular, public compliance rates to self-quarantine with and without State-sponsored compensation for lost wages were assessed.
The results suggest that public attitudes changed as the threat increased, making people more compliant with regulations. In February 2020, compliance rate for self-quarantine dropped from 94% to less than 57% when monetary compensation for lost wages was removed; however, in March 2020 this drop became more moderate (from 96 to 71%). The multivariate logistic regression revealed that older, non-Jewish, worried over COVID-19, and trusting the Ministry of Health were more likely than their counterparts to comply with self-isolation, even when monetary compensation was not assumed.
Despite the effects of threat on people's obedience with regulations, this study demonstrates that providing people with assurances about their livelihood during absence from work remains an important component in compliance with public health regulations.
A novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronavirus originated in December 2019 from Wuhan, Hubei, China. The disease caused by this virus (a.k.a. COVID-19) has since spread throughout the globe causing major disruption to ordinary life [23, 40]. As of 19 April 2020, a total confirmed cases of 2,241,359 cases of COVID-19 were confirmed globally, of which 152,551 died [39].
Health authorities struggle to contain the spread of COVID-19 by implementing a variety of measures designed to reduce the rate of infection. These include social distancing, hygiene, use of gloves and masks in public areas, etc. [14]. One of the main measures employed by health authorities in the effort to combat the spread of infectious diseases is self-quarantine [13, 18]. Several studies have demonstrated the applicability of self-quarantine specifically in reducing COVID-19 morbidity [12, 16, 20] or increasing public perception of its efficacy in doing so (e.g., [10]).
Accordingly, individuals who are thought to have been exposed to COVID-19 are instructed to place themselves under household self-quarantine for a minimum of 14 days. Prior research suggest that during disease outbreaks, the public views self-quarantine favorably and is willing to comply with such regulation [5]. Consequently, officials expect the public to comply with such regulation; however, studies suggest that a major obstacle to compliance for self-quarantine is concern over loss of income or employment due to the prolonged absence from work [4, 33].
Public cooperation with regulations such as self-isolation are vital for these measures to be effective in slowing down the spread of diseases. Non-compliance with self-isolation can lead to increased morbidity and mortality and set back national efforts to contain the outbreak. Such behavior is dependent on numerous factors, including public fear [17] or concern [30], possible penalties for breaching regulations [36], perceived cost of protective measures ([11], attitude toward solitude [37], information overload [11, 19], working conditions, particularly being able to work from home [25], whether the self-isolation is voluntary or mandatory [34], and general preparedness [10].
Therefore, it is imperative to assess public attitudes toward compliance with health regulation posed during the COVID-19 outbreak, in particular self-quarantine. In an earlier publication, we reported the results of a survey performed in the last week of February 2020 in Israel [6]. At that time, only five cases of COVID-19 had been confirmed in Israel, and more than 5000 Israelis put in self-quarantine at their homes. The results of that study suggested a major effect of monetary compensation for lost wages on the intent of people to comply with self-quarantine regulation. The compliance rate for self-quarantine dropped from 94% to less than 57% when monetary compensation for lost wages was removed. Since then, additional studies have demonstrated the impact of monetary compensation on compliance with self-isolation [3].
In fact, the State of Israel offered several monetary incentives to prompt individuals to comply with self-isolation and other health regulations, including state-sponsored unemployment benefits for individuals who lost their source of income during the COVID-19 outbreak valid until June 2021, as well as financial compensation for businesses and self-employed individuals, depending on the level of loss they experienced.Footnote 1 In addition, the government issued single time grants for each citizen made payable through the National Insurance Institute [29].
The purpose of the current study was to assess the same public attitudes toward the COVID-19 outbreak that were assessed in February 2020 at a later stage of the outbreak (March 2020). The comparison between the two time points allows the assessment of change in public attitudes as the threat of COVID-19 increased and progressed.
This cohort study was conducted in Israel during February–March 2020. Randomized samples of the adult population of Israel were engaged in a study to assess public attitudes concerning the outbreak of COVID-19. Responses were collected through the iPanel online polling service. Since 2006, the iPanel provides an online platform for a wide variety of information collection services, including polls and public opinion surveys. It adheres to the stringent standards of the world association for market, social, and opinion researchers (ESOMAR). In addition, the iPanel was evaluated by the Applied Statistical Laboratory of the Hebrew University in Jerusalem and was found to be highly accurate in assessing internet-based samples of the adult Jewish population in Israel [31].
A representative sample of the adult population of the State of Israel was assessed on two time points: last week of February and third week of March 2020. On each time point, a different sample was assessed, making the two sample mutually exclusive. The final sample for February included 563 respondents and the final sample for March 2020 included 511 respondents, representing response rates of about 25% each, similar to other studies that utilized the iPanel (e.g., [2, 7, 8, 24]). Table 1 summarizes the sociodemographic breakdown of the studied samples. At the time responses were collected, the following circumstances were evident: In the last week of February 2020 a total number of five cases of COVID-19 were confirmed in Israel and more than 5000 Israelis were required to self-quarantine at home. In March 2020 there were 677 confirmed COVID-19 cases (of which about a dozen were serious), and approximately 60,000 Israelis were required to self-quarantine at home.
Table 1 Socio-demographic distribution (n (%)) of studied samples (Feb. and Mar. 2020)a
The main tool used in the study was a questionnaire designed specifically for the purposes of this study. The tool was validated in the February round (see [6]). The questionnaire was comprised of six items assessing public attitudes toward the COVID-19 outbreak, including: news consumption (1 item), personal concern (1 item), public panic (2 items), and attitudes toward public health regulations (2 items). In addition, the questionnaire included three items assessing compliance with public health regulations on a nominal scale (Yes/No/Maybe/Do not know). The first two items assessed compliance with self-quarantine using the following text: "Assuming you were requested by a medical official to stay in self-quarantine and assuming the state will [not] compensate you for lost wages, will you stay in self-quarantine?". The negative form of the question (using the word not) was asked after the positive form. The third item assessed willingness to report individuals violating self-quarantine by asking, "If you were asked to report to the Ministry of Health individuals violating self-quarantine decrees designed to protect public health, would you report them?" On the March 2020 round, the questionnaire also asked respondents to indicate whether they were or currently are in self-quarantine (2 items).
Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS (ver. 25). The analysis included both descriptive and analytical methods. Chi-square test was used to evaluate difference in proportions of variable between groups. Independent samples t-Test was used to compare means between the two time points of assessment. A multivariate logistic regression was used to predict intent to comply with self-isolation in the absence of monetary compensation. The analyses was performed twice: first comparing "yes" responses to the primary outcome of compliance against "other" responses ("no", "maybe", and "don't know" grouped together), and then excluding the "maybe" and "don't know" answers to compared between "yes" and "no" responses. Only variables found to be associated with the dependent variable in the univariate analysis were introduced into the analysis. In addition, the effect of the sampling period was included in the analysis to explore differences between February and March samples. Regression performed in Enter mode and 95% Confidence Intervals were calculated. In all statistical analyses performed, a p-value of 0.05 or less was determined as statistically significant.
Descriptive and univariate analysis
Respondents were asked to provide their attitudes toward the COVID-19 outbreak. Table 2 and Fig. 1 provide the complete results of this section. The results suggest that a majority of the Israeli public monitors the situation by consuming news reports. More than 60% in February and 77% in March reported monitoring the news "a lot" or "very much".
Table 2 Distribution of responders' attitudes (the top two options from a 5-point Likert scale) toward COVID-19 outbreak issues in the two rounds
Change in mean score of attitudes toward the COVID-19 outbreak between the two rounds (N = 563 and N = 511 in February & March 2020, respectively). Mean score is computed from a range of 1 ("Not at all") to a maximal score of 5 ("very much"). All changes are statistically significant at the p < .001 level. The items presented refer to the extent to which a respondent reported: (a) watching the news ("News consumption"), (b) being worried about COVID-19 ("Worry"), (c) an elevated sense of public panic ("Public panic"), and (d) trust in the regulations published by the Ministry of Health ("Trust in MOH")
When asked in February if they are worried about the COVID-19 outbreak, almost half of the respondents replied "a lot" or "very much", as oppose to about 16% replying "not at all" or "a little". By March 2020, 66% replied they were worried about the outbreak "a lot" or "very much", and only 8% replied "not at all" or "a little". Most respondents (63% in Feb. and 67% in Mar. 2020) believe there is panic in the public. About 80% in both rounds ascribe this panic to the media coverage of the outbreak.
When asked to what extent they trust the public health instructions issued by the Ministry of Health (MOH) during the COVID-19 outbreak, about 53% reported a high level of trust, ~ 32% a moderate level, and ~ 15% reported a low level of trust in February 2020. The level of trust in the MOH rose in the second round (March 2020) with 74% reporting a high level of trust, ~ 22% moderate, and only ~ 4% low level. Subsequently, respondents were asked whether they believe that taking criminal action against individuals breaching self-quarantine would increase compliance with MOH instructions. Almost 70 and 79% had favorable views of this proposal in February and March 2020, respectively.
Most of the variables concerning news consumption, worry, panic perception, and trust in the MOH were correlated (see Table 3). In particular, trust in the MOH is positively correlated with news consumption reported by the respondent (R(1047) = 0.219, p < .001) and the level of worry form the outbreak he or she reports (R(1047) = 0.505, p < .001).
Table 3 Spearman correlations (R) between COVID-19 attitudinal components among both samples (Feb. 2020 & Mar. 2020) (N = 1074)
The results pertaining to compliance with MOG regulation were also statistically significant. Respondents were asked to report their intent to comply with self-quarantine under two circumstances. When State-sponsored compensation for lost wages was assumed and when such compensation was removed. In February 2020, 94% of respondents indicated they would comply with a two-week self-quarantine instructed by a medical official if compensated for lost wages. Less than 1 % (0.7%) replied that they would not comply. However, when monetary compensation was removed, the compliance rate dropped to less than 57%, and 60 respondents (~ 11%) changed their response to "No". In March 2020, the levels of compliance rose. With monetary compensation assumed, 95.5% replied they would comply with a two-week self-quarantine instructed by a medical official as oppose to 1% who would refuse. When compensation was removed, 71.4% reported they would still comply with the self-quarantine, whereas ~ 7% replied they would refuse. See Fig. 2.
Distribution of expected rates of compliance with self-quarantine during the COVID-19 outbreak in Israel, according to whether monetary compensation for lost wages is assumed or not
When samples from February and March were pooled together to assess how employment status affects compliance with regulations, the results suggest that employed individuals are more likely than unemployed to disobey self-isolation regulations in the absence of monetary compensation for lost wages (37% versus 20%, respectively; χ2 = 9.227, df = 1, p = .002).
Taking into consideration the proportion of the groups, and in an effort to characterize individuals prone to non-compliance, the socio-demographic breakdown of respondents replying "No" or "Maybe/did not decide" were compared to those of the total sample. The analysis reveals that there are no statistical differences between the non-compliance group and the total sample (data not shown). Self-employed individuals were more prone to refuse self-quarantine measures when compensation was removed, but this finding was not statistically significant (p = 0.052). When compensation is removed, the group of undecided respondents ("Maybe/did not decide") is over-representative of individuals earning higher than average income (p = 0.02). No other differences were observed for other socio-demographic variables between this group and the total sample (data not shown).
Respondents were asked whether they would report a person in breach of a self-quarantine decree if asked to do so by the health authorities. Most respondents (58% & 67% in February and March 2020, respectively) replied that they would report such a person to the health authorities, while 7% & 4% (respectively) would refuse to report. The remainder (35% & 29%, respectively) were unsure whether they would or would not comply with this request.
Lastly, univariate analysis was conducted to establish association between different studied factors and the intent to comply with self-isolation even in the absence of monetary compensation. To this end, the responses to this question were re-categorized into two categories: "yes" for those who indicated their intent to comply with self-isolation without compensation and "other" for all other response ("no", "maybe", and "do not know"). The univariate analysis suggests that gender, place of birth, and religion are associated with the intent to comply with self-isolation. More females (67.2%) than males (60.2%) (χ2 = 5.675, df = 1, p = 0.017), more Israeli-born (65.2%) than those born elsewhere (52.8%) (χ2 = 7.190, df = 1, p = 0.007), and more non-Jews (78.2%) than Jews (60.3%) (χ2 = 23.632, df = 1, p < 0.001) reported they would comply with self-isolation without compensation.
In addition, age, news consumption, worry over COVID-19, and trust in the Ministry of Health were found to be associated with the intent to comply with self-isolation. Respondents who indicated their intent to comply were older (40.46 ± 14.46) than those reporting other answers (37.64 ± 13.44), according to independent t-test (t = − 3.15, df = 855.69, p = 0.001). Compared to those who provided other answers, respondents who indicated their intent to comply scored higher on news consumption (4.05 ± 0.95 vs. 3.73 ± 1.00; t = − 5.148, df = 770.88, p < .001), worry over COVID-19 (3.88 ± 1.00 vs. 3.44 ± 1.06; t = − 6.658, df = 772.97, p < .001), and trust in the Ministry of Health's regulations (3.91 ± 0.99 vs. 3.55 ± 0.98; t = − 5.702, df = 1072, p < .001).
In order to predict the intent to comply with self-isolation regulation in the absence of monetary compensation, a multivariate logistic regression was performed. Only variables found to be associated with the dependent variable in the univariate analysis were entered into the analysis. The multivariate analysis was performed both unadjusted and adjusted. The results of the regression analysis suggests that when adjusted to other explored variables, older, non-Jewish respondents who are worried about COVID-19 and trust the MOH are more likely than their respective counterparts to comply with self-isolation even when compensation is not assumed (Table 4).
Table 4 Adjusted and unadjusted odds-ratio of intent to comply with self-isolation without compensation for lost wages according to correlated threat perception and socio-demographic variables (N = 1074)
Of note, this analysis grouped together individuals who responded "no", "maybe" and "don't know" to compare against individual who responded "yes" to compliance with regulations. When the same regression analysis was performed excluding "maybe" and "don't know" response, i.e. comparing "yes" and "no" responses only, the predictors of willingness to comply with self-isolation in the absence of monetary compensation were age (B = 0.971, 95%CI: 0.954,0.989, p = .001), being born outside Israel (B = 0.377, 95%CI: 0.208,0.683, p = .001), and having trust in the health regulations (B = 0.594, 95%CI: 0.477,0.739, p < .001).
The results of this study demonstrate that as the threat of COVID-19 materialized and became to perceive as a greater risk to one's health, so did the public attitudes changed. As the threat became more serious, participants in the studies reported elevated consumption rates of news reports, probably in an effort to stay up-to-date with current outbreak data and recommendations for self-protection. Similar findings were reported for other populations [26, 28, 32, 35]. In addition, this finding resonates similar findings reported for the Israeli population concerning a different threat, namely armed conflicts [9]. Moreover, the increased perception of the threat severity also contributed to elevated levels of worry reported by the participants in March compared to February 2020. In parallel, participants in the studies assessed that public panic is increasing as the outbreak progresses and continued to believe that media coverage of the outbreak is to blame for much of this panic.
An interesting finding from this cohort study is that as the threat perceived to be more serious and as worry and panic levels rise, the more people seem to trust the Ministry of Health, who is in charge of managing the outbreak and provide with instructions to the population. Presumably, when faced with threat, people look up to sources of credible information to get instruction on how to safeguard themselves and their loved ones. In turn, this can lead to a more favorable attitude toward that source of information, in this case, the Ministry of Health, as well as to a tendency to comply with its regulation, even in the absence of monetary compensation.
In fact, the multivariate logistic analysis highlight that having trust in the Ministry of Health is a predictor of intent to comply with self-isolation regulation, even when monetary compensation is not assumed. This is a crucial finding of this study. It stressed the importance in maintaining public trust throughout the outbreak in order to mitigate adverse consequences of the disease outbreak and to harness the public to comply with public health regulations. Similar findings were reported by other studies, including in Saudi Arabia [1] and Singapore [38].
Nevertheless, an important finding of this study is that even under the circumstances of elevated worry and greater trust in the MOH that characterized the survey carried out in March, the economic consideration continued to play a major part in determining people's compliance with the regulations (albeit to a lesser extent than in February). Despite the moderating effect of the elevated threat perception, the results demonstrate that without monetary compensation for lost wages, some participants still indicated that they will disobey self-isolation if mandated. According to Coughlin [15], providing people with assurances about their household income during times of absence from workplace is an important component in achieving public compliance with health regulations. The results of this study demonstrate that this is true also in the case of COVID-19. Without reassurances for income, people may resort to self-help and adopt behaviors that are maladaptive in the context of public health.
This seems to be particularly true as the COVID-19 epidemic continues. The more that people get "used to" the disease and the more it take a toll on their daily lives and livelihood, the more they seem to disobey regulations,and engage inantisocial risk taking behavior [21]. Indecisive action by governments seems to aggravate this phenomenon [22]. Under such circumstances, the importance of maintaining public trust, through ensuring individuals' economic stability, is heightened. This should come as no surprise, as Maslow's hierarchy of needs places safety and security needs, such as employment, as second only to physiological ones [27]. Failing to address the economic implications for individuals of disease outbreaks may contribute to increased morbidity and mortality. Decision makers should be advised to take the economic implications of any disease outbreak into consideration from the get-go, and provide economic stimulations to facilitate public compliance with health regulations.
This study has several limitations. First, the attitudes assessed in this study reflect two time points in an ongoing health crisis. They are likely to change as the disease progresses. Second, this study utilized an internet-based methodology for response collection. While this allowed for a rapid turnover of responses on a wide geographical distribution and resulted with a representative sample of the adult population of Israel, the conclusions must be limited to people with high computer skills. Third, respondents were asked to provide assessment of their intentions, rather than reporting actual behavior, which may lead to reporting biases; moreover, the extent of such a bias could vary across population sub-groups. Lastly, the results cannot be further generalized beyond the Israeli public. Additional studies in other countries are called for to expand the database to other cultures and contexts.
Public perception of the COVID-19 outbreak change over time to reflect fluctuations in the perception of the severity of the risk. This study demonstrates that as the disease progressed, Israelis responded with increased levels of worry and heightened perception of public panic. In parallel, Israelis were also more likely to view the Ministry of Health more favorably as the threat perception increased in severity and were more trusting the Ministry's instruction. Nonetheless, this study highlights the importance of the economic considerations in managing public behavior during a disease outbreak. Continuous earning is a crucial factor in determining public compliance with public health regulations, in particular self-isolation. In the absence of monetary compensation, some people will resort to self-help, jeopardizing the integrity of the public health measures put in place to contain the spread of the disease. This phenomenon is moderated with the increase of threat perception, but is not completely eliminated by it. Decision makers are advised to put economic consideration is priority, as early as the outbreak begins.
Compensation for part or full time employees who were put on non-paid leave included unemployment benefits up to 80% of original salary. Compensation for self-employed individuals included government grants in three stages covering 60–70% of original monthly income according to various eligibility criteria. In addition, each citizen in Israel was awarded a one-time grant, usually in the sum of 750 NIS per person, including children up to the fifth child.
CDC:
ESOMAR:
European Society for Opinion and Marketing Research
SARS:
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
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The authors wish to thank the National Center for Trauma & Emergency Medicine Research at the Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research for the financial support.
No external funding to report.
Israel National Center for Trauma & Emergency Medicine Research, The Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, 5265601, Ramat-Gan, Israel
Moran Bodas & Kobi Peleg
The Department of Emergency Management & Disaster Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
Moran Bodas
Kobi Peleg
MB designed the tools, performed the study, collected the data, analysed the data, and wrote the manuscript; KP conceived the topic, developed the theory, supervised the study, and gave final approval for publication; All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Correspondence to Kobi Peleg.
All participants in this study were recruited from the iPanel pool of panelists following their consent to participate in the study. The study utilized data collected through anonymous questionnaires only.
Bodas, M., Peleg, K. Income assurances are a crucial factor in determining public compliance with self-isolation regulations during the COVID-19 outbreak – cohort study in Israel. Isr J Health Policy Res 9, 54 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13584-020-00418-w
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13584-020-00418-w
Self-quarantine
COVID-19 and health policy


text:
Q: Common eigenvectors implies simultaneously block diagonalizations? Suppose $A,B$ are symmetric matrices of the same size. If $A,B$ have a common eigenvectors, can we block diagonalize them at the same time?
More specifically, suppose $A$ and $B$ have one common eigenvector $v$ , and  $Av = \lambda v$ and $Bv =\mu v$. We say $A$ and $B$ are block diagonalized at the same time if there is a orthogonal matrix $V$  such that
$$V^t A V=\begin{pmatrix} * & 0 \\ 0 & \lambda \end{pmatrix}\quad \text{and} \quad V^tBV=\begin{pmatrix} * & 0 \\ 0 & \mu \end{pmatrix}.$$
If $A$ and $B$ have more that one common eigenvectors, it  can be defined in  a similar way as above.
Can we find such an orthogonal matrix $V$?

A: Suppose $v \neq 0$ is a common eigenvector. Thus, $\mathrm{span}(v)$ is stable by $A$ and $B$. By orthogonality, $\mathrm{span}(v)^{\perp}$ is also stable by $A$ and $B$. Take $(e_2,\ldots,e_n)$ a basis of $\mathrm{span}(v)^{\perp}$. Then $(v,e_2,\ldots,e_n)$ is a basis of the ambiant space, and in this basis, the matrices of $A$ and $B$ are of the wanted form.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This is the best essay I've read on book promotion in a while. I have to say it makes me cringe when I read rants from authors who complain about touring the country to promote their book. At least your book is published, I hiss under my breath.
I laughed out loud and had to read it, slowly and with emphasis to my husband so he could appreciate that there were others out there like me, willing to go without in order to write! While I have a spouse, we also have 3 children and a mortgage and on and on so maybe she should clarify her statement as a "spouse who makes a lot of money or a trust fund"…..
Griest's path of promotion is definitely not one I could emulate with 3 kids under 10, but I appreciate her enthusiasm and love of the journey. Her essay about the life of a published author on the road is inspirational instead of depressing, and we can all use more of those tales…..
This entry was tagged book promotion, poets & writers magazine. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
El mol·lusc contagiós (MC) és una infecció vírica de la pell o, més rarament, de les membranes mucoses.

Etiopatogènia
És causada per un poxvirus d'ADN, el qual té dos tipus diferents de partícules infeccioses, anomenat el virus del mol·lusc contagiós (VMC). El VMC no té reservori animal, i infecta només els humans. Hi ha quatre tipus de VMC: VMC-1 a 4. VMC-1 és el més freqüent i VMC-2 s'observa generalment en els adults, els quals amb freqüència s'infecten per transmissió sexual. Aquesta malaltia vírica comuna té més incidència en els nens, predominantment en els de dos a cinc anys, els adults sexualment actius i els individus que són immunodeficients. Pot aparèixer en el context d'una síndrome de Job. El MC es transmet per contacte directe de persona a persona o a través d'elements compartits entre elles, com ara roba, maquinetes d'afaitar, joguets o tovalloles. També s'ha descrit la seva transmissió vertical. Rarament, l'origen de la infecció són agulles per fer tatuatges contaminades pel virus.

Simptomatologia
El MC pot afectar qualsevol zona de la pell, però és més comú en el tronc del cos, els braços, les aixelles i les cames. Quan la infecció s'ha adquirit per via sexual, les seves lesions es veuen principalment en la zona anogenital, l'abdomen i la cara interna de les cuixes. Escasses vegades aquesta malalta apareix sota les ungles, el cuir cabellut, la parpella, la còrnia, el mugró, el palmell de la mà, la planta del peu o cara. i coll. Una localització infreqüent que té diverses manifestacions clíniques és la periocular. S'ha publicat algun cas de coexistència de MC i sarcoma de Kaposi en el mateix lloc del cos d'un malalt amb infecció pel VIH i sida.

En l'exploració física del MC s'observen lesions cutànies papulars, dures, de <0,5 cm de diàmetre i coloració rosada o vermellosa, amb aspecte de cúpula i que sovint tenen una fenedura central. Histopatològicament, les pàpules estan formades per lòbuls de epiteli escatós hiperplàsic superficial que s'estenen cap a la dermis subjacent. És característica la presència en aquests de cèl·lules amb cossos d'inclusió eosinofílics a l'interior del seu citoplasma, anomenats cossos d'Henderson-Paterson, els quals contenen milers de virions. De vegades, l'aspecte microscòpic de les lesions de la histiocitosi de cèl·lules de Langerhans és molt similar al que tenen les del MC i cal usar la reacció en cadena de la polimerasa per obtenir un diagnòstic correcte. La malaltia pot desencadenar o agreujar una dermatitis atòpica. Inusualment, una lesió gegant i aïllada de MC es pot confondre de visu amb un quist epidermoide. Hi ha casos de mol·lusc contagiós que presenten en el centre de la pàpula una projecció hiperqueratòsica semblant a una banya. En alguns nens, el curs habitual del MC es pot complicar si es presenta una singular reacció inflamatòria greu semblant a la síndrome de Gianotti-Crosti.

Tractament
Moltes vegades, aquesta afecció és autolimitada i desapareix mesos o anys després del seu inici. Segons la gravetat del procés infecciós, el curs que segueixi, l'edat i les característiques individuals del pacient, pot estar indicat el tractament amb povidona iodada diluïda, cidofovir, aciclovir oral, dupilumab, imiquimod (un immunomodulador que cal emprar amb precaució quan s'empra en zones mucoses afectades pel MC o a prop d'elles) cantaridina tòpica, hidròxid de potassi tòpic, difenciprona tòpica, adapalé tòpic (un retinoide de tercera generació) o isotretinoïna oral. El curetatge dermatològic no sempre és un procediment efectiu, sobretot quan la infecció està localitzada predominantment al tronc. En certs casos problemàtics, l'ús d'un làser de colorant polsat per eliminar les lesions obté bons resultats.

Referències

Bibliografia

Enllaços externs

 Dermatologia.cat: Mol·lusc contagiós
 When the End Is in Sight: Resolution of Molluscum Contagiosum Chamlin, SL. PracticeUpdate®; 2013 Maig (en anglès)
 Molluscum Contagiosum ("Papules with Belly Buttons"): Risk factors, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment JJ Medicine. 2019 Des (en anglès)
 Molusco contagioso Fuentes, P. 2020 Jun (en castellà)
 Molluscum contagiosum - Treatment Health A to Z. National Health Service UK; 2020 Set (en anglès)
 Tips to avoid spreading molluscum contagiosum American Academy of Dermatology. 2020 Des (en anglès)
 Acute Molluscum Contagiosum Medical Channel. 2021 Gen (en anglès)
 Molluscum contagiosum palpebral Bonafonte, S. 2021 Feb (en castellà)
 Molluscum Contagiosum UK Primary Care Dermatology Society. 2021 Jul (en anglès)
 Infección por moluscos contagiosos en Atención Primaria: ¿qué debemos conocer? Maseda Pedrero, R. Live-Med Iberia; 2021 Ag (en castellà)
 Molluscum Contagiosum Ramnani, D. WebPathology; 2021 Ag (en anglès)

Malalties i trastorns vírics amb afectació cutània


text:
The Ruger 10/22 is a series of semi-automatic rifles produced by American firearm manufacturer Sturm, Ruger & Co., chambered for the .22 Long Rifle rimfire cartridge.  It uses a patented 10-round rotary magazine, though higher capacity box magazines are also available.  The standard carbine version of the Ruger 10/22 has been in production continuously since 1964, making it one of the most successful rimfire rifle designs in history, with numerous third party manufacturers making parts and accessories for upgrading and customization. The 10/22's aftermarket is so prolific that a complete 10/22 can be built without using any Ruger-made components.

A magnum version of the 10/22, known as the 10/22 Magnum, chambered for the .22 WMR cartridge, was made from 1998 to 2006. A .17 HMR version, the 10/17, was announced in 2004, but was only listed in the catalog for two years.

Uses and customization

The 10/22 is popular for small-game hunters and those who want an inexpensive rifle for firing inexpensive ammunition for target and plinking use. This popularity has led to many after-market modifications being available to improve performance, augment the rifle's looks, or increase its magazine capacity, making the 10/22 one of the most customizable firearms ever made.
Custom manufacturers also make "clones" of the 10/22, which are similar in design (most parts will interchange) but built to much higher specifications and costs. The 10/22 barrel uses a unique two-screw, V-block system to attach the barrel to the receiver, allowing for removal or replacement of the barrel, which would ordinarily require the work of a gunsmith.

Variations

The 10/22 is available in a wide variety of configurations. In 2015, the Ruger 10/22 came in 11 different models, not counting distributor exclusives. The Carbine came in three models; the Tactical, Takedown and Target each had two models; the Sporter and Compact each had one model. The discontinued 10/22 International model was fitted with a Mannlicher stock. Standard barrel lengths are 20" in the 10/22 Rifle, 18" in the 10/22 Carbine, and 16" in the 10/22 Compact Rifle which is also fitted with a shorter stock.  All .22 Long Rifle versions use an aluminum receiver, while the discontinued .22 Magnum version used a steel receiver with integral scope bases.

10/22 Carbine
Standard model with 18.5" barrel. Offered with hardwood or black synthetic stocks, black alloy, or stainless steel receivers and a model fitted with LaserMax laser sight.

10/22 Target
Target shooting model with heavy 20" bull barrel with no iron sights.

10/22 Target Lite
Introduced in 2018 the Target Lite is similar to the Target model but with a laminate thumbhole stock.

10/22 Compact
Compact rifle with 16.12" barrel.

10/22 Sporter
A model with 18.5", alternatively 20" or 22", barrel and checkered walnut stock with sling swivels.

10/22 Tactical
A model with 16.12" fitted with a flash suppressor. Also offered with 16.12" heavy target barrel with Hogue OverMolded stock fitted with bipod.

10/22 Competition
The 10/22 Competition rifle has a hard-coat anodized, CNC-machined receiver made from heat-treated and stress relieved 6061-T6511 aluminum. The receiver incorporates a rear cleaning port and an integral, optics-ready 30 MOA Picatinny rail. The rifle also has an enhanced semi-auto chamber, BX-Trigger, heat-treated and nitrided CNC-machined match bolt, 16-1/8" cold hammer-forged bull free-floating barrel which is fluted to reduce weight and dissipate heat and is also threaded with a 1/2"-28 pattern to accommodate the included muzzle brake or other barrel accessories.

50th Anniversary Rifle
In 2014 to mark the 50th anniversary of the Ruger 10/22 a contest was held to design an anniversary model. The winning design by public vote has a stainless steel 18.5" threaded barrel with flash suppressor, a lightweight black synthetic stock with interchangeable stock modules, a picatinny rail and ghost-ring adjustable rear sight.

Collector's Series
A limited-edition 50th Anniversary Collector's Series Carbine model was offered in 2014. It had a black alloy receiver with "1964-2014" special markings, 18.5" barrel, fiber optic sights, and a 25-round magazine.

Collector's Series Second Edition
In June 2015, Ruger announced a limited Second Edition of the Collector's Series 10/22 carbine. It features a dark grey version of Ruger's Modular Stock System found on the Ruger American Rimfire rifle, a protected non-glare blade front sight, ghost ring adjustable rear aperture sight, and a Picatinny rail.

VLEH Target Tactical Rifle
In 2009 Ruger also announced the Target Tactical Rifle model, a hybrid of the 10/22T and Ruger M77 Hawkeye Tactical rifle. V - Varmint barrel, L - Law + E - Enforcement model, H - Hogue stock.

10/22 Takedown
On March 28, 2012, Ruger introduced the 10/22 Takedown model. This model disassembles into barrel and action/buttstock components. It is shipped in a backpack style case that has room for the rifle, ammunition, and accessories. The MSRP is higher than the basic carbine models. The standard Takedown model has a brushed aluminum receiver made to resemble stainless steel and 18.5" barrel with a black synthetic stock. Also offered in a black alloy receiver and 16.12" threaded barrel with a flash suppressor or with a threaded, fluted target barrel.

10/22 Takedown Lite
The Takedown Lite models are similar to the other Takedown models but has a lightweight target barrel design.

SR-22 Rifle

In 2009, Ruger released the SR-22 Rifle model, a 10/22 receiver embedded in a chassis that mimics the dimensions of an AR-15 style rifle such as their own SR-556. The SR-22 Rifle uses standard 10/22 rotary magazines, in addition to most aftermarket 10/22 magazines. The positions of the magazine release, the safety and the charging handle are all more similar to a standard 10/22 than an AR-15. The SR-22 Rifle competes directly with other AR-15 style rimfire rifles such as those made by Colt and Smith & Wesson. The SR-22 rifle boasts an aluminium handguard, adjustable six position stock, and a top receiver rail. Threaded holes on the handguard provide the customization of optional attachment rails.

22 Charger Pistol

The 22 Charger pistol, first introduced in late 2007, is a pistol based on the 10/22 action. The 22 Charger originally came with a black laminated wood pistol stock with forend, a  matte blued heavy barrel, a bipod, and a Weaver style scope base in lieu of iron sights. Overall length is just under , making it quite large for a handgun. As it has an included bipod it is likely to be used from a shooting bench or table. The bipod attaches to a sling swivel on the stock fore-end and is easily removable. Due to technical features, such as the magazine being outside the pistol grip, the Charger is not legally available in some U.S. states. The 22 Charger was later discontinued. It was reintroduced in December 2014, with a brown laminate stock with a M16A2 style pistol grip, 10-inch threaded barrel, picatinny rail, 15-round magazine and adjustable bipod. At the same time a "Takedown" model was introduced with a green laminate stock. Both models were later offered from September 2015 with black polymer stocks.

10/22 Magnum
The 10/22 Magnum was produced from 1998–2006 and was chambered for the .22 Magnum cartridge.

10/17
The 10/17 was announced in 2004 and was chambered for the .17 HMR cartridge.

Modifications

A wide variety of aftermarket modification kits are offered for the 10/22, including conversions to bullpup configuration and cosmetic alterations to replicate the appearance of weapons like the M1 Carbine, Thompson submachine gun, FN P90, and AR-15.

AWC Ultra II

The AWC Ultra II is a modified version of the Ruger 10/22 made by AWC Systech and has an integrally-suppressed shortened barrel. The sound suppressor encloses a ported stainless barrel and is made of 300 series stainless steel having a 1" diameter which closely resembles a bull barrel. The barrel length is 16.5" with an overall weapon length of 34" and the weight is 6 lbs. Due to the integral suppressor, this model is a Title II weapon in the U.S.

AT 10/22 QD
The AT 10/22 QD is a short-barreled modified version of the 10/22 made by Arms Tech Limited. It features a six-inch barrel, a folding stock, and is designed to accept Arms Tech's own QD-223 suppressor. It comes in at a mere 5 pounds without the suppressor. Due to its extremely short barrel, it is considered a Title II weapon in the U.S.

Copies

AMT Lightning 25/22

The AMT Lightning 25/22 was a .22 LR-caliber semi-automatic rifle manufactured by Arcadia Machine & Tool (AMT). The Lightning 25/22 is functionally a clone of the Ruger 10/22 with the substitution of a larger 25-round magazine instead of the 10-round magazine used by Ruger.

Winchester Wildcat

The Winchester Wildcat is a .22 LR-caliber semi-automatic rifle manufacture for Winchester by Silah in Turkey.

Thompson/Center T/CR22
The Thompson/Center T/CR22 is a .22 LR-caliber clone of the Ruger 10/22 semi-automatic rifle manufactured by Thompson/Center Arms.

Bergara BXR
The Bergara BXR is a .22 LR-caliber clone of the Ruger 10/22 semi-automatic rifle manufactured by Bergara in Spain.

Magazines

There are many types of magazines for the Ruger 10/22. The standard 10/22 ships with a black 10-round polymer rotary magazine, the BX-1. Ruger has also introduced a transparent polycarbonate version ("40th-anniversary edition") of the BX-1 called the BX-1CLR, as well as a 1-round version for training and a 5-round version for states or countries that restrict magazine capacities. In 2011–2012, Ruger came out with the BX-25, a curved 25-round box magazine with a black composite frame and steel feed lips, as well as the 15-round BX-15 box magazine for states that restrict magazine capacities. Aftermarket options include 25-, 30-, and 50-round box magazines; 50-round teardrop-shaped rotary magazines, and 50- and 110-round drum magazines.

The standard BX-1 rotary magazine stores the cartridges in a cogwheel-like holder, rather than stacked as seen in a box magazine. This allows the magazine to be compact and fit flush into the rifle without protruding from the stock at the natural balance point for one-handed carry. The bolt of the rifle pushes a cartridge from the metal feeding lip of the magazine with each shot, allowing the next cartridge to feed into place. The rotary magazine is also used by the Ruger's American Rimfire series bolt-action rifles, as well as the 10/22-footprinted "Summit" toggle-action rifles produced by Primary Weapon Systems/Vorquartsen.

Not all Ruger 10/22 magazines are interchangeable, and firing a magazine with the wrong type of ammunition can result in a malfunction.

Military users
: The Ruger 10/22 has seen limited use by the Israel Defense Forces in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict as a "less than lethal" weapon for security and crowd or "riot" control purposes in the Palestinian territories. The IDF uses a modified carbine rifle version with a scope and a suppressor, which would allow for silent operation with no loud noises to indicate the shot's origin. The use of the rifle by the IDF as a less lethal weapon has been (and remains) controversial. In 2001, its use as a less lethal weapon was banned by the Military Advocate General Menachem Finkelstein, but in 2009, it was reintroduced to service. It has since continued to be responsible for multiple fatalities, especially among younger Palestinians, with the latest victim having been killed in December 2020.

See also
Intratec TEC-22, a pistol made by Intratec that feeds from 10/22 magazines
USFA ZiP .22, another pistol made by U.S. Fire Arms Manufacturing Company that feeds from 10/22 magazines

References

External links

 Official website

.22 LR semi-automatic rifles
10 22
Rotary magazine firearms


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