Jessye Norman - "When I am laid in Earth"
In the 1980s, Jessye Norman's roles in Aïda and Les Troyen made her one of the most popular and highest paid soprano opera singers worldwide.
The exceptionally gifted black American soprano, Jessye Norman, received in 1961 a scholarship to study at Howard Univversity in Washington, D.C., where she had vocal lessons from Carolyn Grant. She continued her training at the peabody Conservatory of Music in Baltimore and at the University of Michigan, where her principal teachers were Pierre Bernac and Elizabeth Mannion. In 1968 She won the Munich Competition.
Jessye Norman made her operatic debut in 1969 as Elisabeth in Tannbauser at the Berlin Deutsche Oper. She appeared in the title role of L'Africaine at Florence's Maggio Musicale in 1971, and the following year sang Aida at Milan's La Scala and Cassandra in Les Troyens at London's Covent Garden. Subsequently she made in 1973 major recital debuts in London and New York. After an extensive concert tour of North America during 1976-1977, she made her USA stage debut as Jocasta in Oedipus rex and as Purcell's Dido on a double bill with the Opera Company of Philadelphia in November 1982. She made her Metropolitan Opera debut in New York as Cassandra in September 1983 (or Les Troyens of Berlioz, which opened the company's 100th anniversary season in 1983). Numerous operatic appearances at the Metropolitan Opera followed, the most recent of these was her celebrated portrayal of the title character in the Met's premier production of Janacek's The Makropulos Case in 1996.
In 1986 she appeared as soloist in Strauss's Vier letzte Lieder with the Berliner Philharmoniker during its tour of the USA. In September 1989, she was the featured soloist with Zubin Mehta and the New York Philharmonic Orchestra. in its opening concert of its 148th season, which was telecast live to the nation by PBS. In 1992 she sang Jocasta at the opening operatic production at the new Saito Kinen Festival in Matsumoto. In September 1995, she was again the featured soloist with the New York Philharmonic Orchestra, this time under Kurt Masur's direction, in a gala concert telecast live to the nation by PBS making the opening of the orchestra's 53rd season.
Jessye Norman's 1998-1999 performances included a recital at Carnegie Hall in New York City, which had an unusual program incorporating sacred music of Duke Ellington, scored for jazz combo, string quartet and piano, and featuring the Alvin Ailey Repertory dance Ensemble. Other performances during the season included Das Leid von der Erde, with Seiji Ozawa and the Boston Symphony Orchestra, a television special for Christmas filmed in her hometown of Augusta, Georgia, as well as a spring recital tour, which included performances in Tel Aviv. The following season also brought performances of the sacred music of Duke Ellington to London and Vienna, together with a summer European tour, which included performances at the Salzburg Festival.
This rich history continues to be made as Jessye Norman e brings her sumptuous sound and spontaneous passion to recital performances, operatic portrayals, and appearances with symphony orchestras and chamber music collaborators, to the delight of listeners worldwide. Her extraordinary repertory ranges from Purcell to Richard Rodgers. She sings a widely varied operatic repertoire, having appeared at La Scala, Milan; the Teatro Communale, Florence; the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden; the Stuttgart Opera, Vienna, and Hamburg State Operas; Opera Company of Philadelphia; The Lyric Opera of Chicago; Aix-en-Provence Festival; and the Salzburg Festival. She commended herself in Mussorgsky's songs, which she performed in Moscow in the original Russian. In her recitals she gave performances of the classical German repertory as well as contemporary masterpieces, such as Arnold Schoenberg's Gurrelieder and the French moderns, which she invariably performed in the original tongue. This combination of scholarship and artistry contributed to her consistently successful career as one of the most versatile concert and operatic singers of her time.
The vocal phenomenon that is Jessye Norman has long been acknowledged as possessing one of the world's most beautiful voices. The sheer size, power, and luster of her voice share equal acclaim with that for her thoughtful, provocative music-making, prompting one writer to observe that "her vocal phrasing moves beyond mere seamlessness to convey a more ardent, spontaneous passion." Often cited for her innovative programming and fervent advocacy of contemporary music, she has earned the recognition of another writer who describes her as "one of those once –in-a-generation singers who isn't simply following in the footsteps of others, but is staking out her own niche in the history of singing."
In December 1997, Jessye Norman was invested with the USA's highest award in the performing arts, the Kennedy Center Honro, making history as the youngest recipient in the Honors' 20-year existence. Her many other prestigious awards and distinctions include honorary doctorates at the some thirty colleges, universities and conservatories around the world. In 1984 the French Government bestowed upon her the title "Commandeur de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres" and the National Museum of Natural History in Paris named an orchid for her. In October 1989 she was awarded the "Legion d'Honneur" by French President Mitterand, and in June 1990 she was named Honorary Ambassador to the United Nations by U.N. Secretary Xavier Perez de Cueller.
Norman authored her memoir, Stand Up Straight and Sing!, in 2014. She received forty-five honorary doctorates from institutions such as Howard University, Juilliard School of Music and Harvard University. She was also the recipient of five Grammy Awards, including Best Classical Vocal Soloist Performance and a lifetime achievement award.
Needless to say the size of her impact on the musical world can't be measured. She literally shifted what it was to think about classical singers. Hers is a voice that can shift from Folk Songs, Hymns, to Haydn in moments.
So today, with awe in my eyes, I choose Jessye Norman's version of Purcell's "When I am laid in Earth" as my, crack open the sky, crisp and clean, like seeds cracking from their winter womb, song for a, fight for your life, tear down the walls you've built, out of difficulties grow miracles, Wednesday.
As a treat, I'm also giving you her rendition of Schubert's "Ave Maria". It's purity and crystal clear squillo resonates through her body.


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Lomec (deutsch Lometz) ist eine Gemeinde in Tschechien. Sie liegt dreieinhalb Kilometer südwestlich des Stadtzentrums von Klatovy und gehört zum Okres Klatovy.

Geographie
Lomec befindet sich am nördlichen Fuße der Strážovská vrchovina (Drosauer Bergland) in der Klatovská kotlina (Klattauer Kessel). Das Dorf liegt rechtsseitig des Baches Novákovický potok. Nördlich erhebt sich die Klatovská hůrka (498 m), im Nordosten die Bubnování (443 m), im Osten die Výhořička (492 m), südöstlich die Výhořice (525 m) sowie südlich die Loreta (538 m) und die Lipová hora (476 m). Nordöstlich von Lomec verläuft die Straße II/191 zwischen Klatovy und Janovice nad Úhlavou.

Nachbarorte sind Beňovy im Norden, Klatovy im Nordosten, Luby im Osten, Újezdec, Hejno und Malá Víska im Südosten, Loreta, V Oborách, Horní Lhota, Týnec und Rozpáralka im Süden, Klenová, Vacovy, Granátka, Janovice nad Úhlavou und Rohozno im Südwesten, Dolní Lhota und Bezděkov im Westen sowie Novákovice, Drážský Mlýn und Kal im Nordwesten.

Geschichte
Erstmals urkundlich erwähnt wurde Lomec im Jahre 1358, als Kaiser Karl IV. die Feste Lomec den Brüdern Johann, Peter, Jost und Ulrich von Rosenberg überließ. Später erwarben die Herren von Welhartitz das Gut. Zum Ausgang des 15. Jahrhunderts gehörte Lomec zu den Besitzungen der Brüder Peter und Nikolaus von Luby. Nachdem das Gut zu Beginn des 16. Jahrhunderts an die Herrschaft Klenau angeschlossen worden war, verlor die Feste ihre Bedeutung als Herrensitz und wurde dem Verfall überlassen. In der Mitte des 16. Jahrhunderts verkauften die Herren Lev von Rosental das Gut Lomec an Johann Wiedersperger von Wiedersperg auf Muttersdorf. Dieser ließ den Hof Lomec im Renaissancestil erneuern. In der zweiten Hälfte des 17. Jahrhunderts kauften die Grafen Kolowrat-Krakowský das Gut Lomec und schlugen es dem Gut Teinitzl zu.
Bis zur Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts blieb Lomec nach Teinitzl untertänig.

Nach der Aufhebung der Patrimonialherrschaften bildete Lomce/Lometz ab 1850 einen Ortsteil der Gemeinde Novákovice im Gerichtsbezirk Klattau. Ab 1868 gehörte das Dorf zum Bezirk Klattau. Seit 1880 wird der tschechische Ortsname Lomec verwendet. Am 1. Juli 1975 wurden Novákovice und Lomec nach Dolní Lhota eingemeindet. Zu Beginn des Jahres 1976 kamen beide Dörfer als Ortsteile zu Týnec, ab 1980 gehörten sie zu Janovice nad Úhlavou. Seit dem 1. Jänner 1992 bildet Lomec erstmals in seiner Geschichte eine eigene Gemeinde.

Gemeindegliederung
Die Gemeinde Lomec besteht aus den Ortsteilen und Katastralbezirken Lomec (Lometz) und Novákovice (Nowakowitz). Zu Lomec gehören die Einschichten Lomecká hospoda und (anteilig) Na Hrázi.

Sehenswürdigkeiten
 Sühnekreuz am Weg zwischen Lomec und Luby
 Glockenturm an der Kreuzung im Zentrum von Lomec
 Burgstall Lomec, südöstlich des Teiches am Abzweig nach Luby und Loreta. Die im 14. Jahrhundert erbaute Wasserfeste erlosch zu Beginn des 16. Jahrhunderts. Es ist nicht eindeutig, ob die Feste in der Mitte des 16. Jahrhunderts durch Johann Wiedersperger noch einmal erneuert wurde, oder dies den nördlich des Teiches befindlichen Meierhof betraf. Erhalten sind heute eine mit Gebüsch bestandene Ödfläche und Reste des Wassergrabens.
 Naturschutzgebiet Luňáky, Sumpfgebiet an der Úhlava, westlich des Ortes

Galerie

Weblinks
 Beschreibung der wüsten Feste Lomec auf hrady.cz

Einzelnachweise

Ersterwähnung 1358

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Steve Benen @ The Maddow Blog: GOP rep blames Ben Carson's furniture on nefarious 'Deep State'.
Hemant Mehta @ Friendly Atheist: Good News! Congress' Latest Spending Bill Won't Repeal the Johnson Amendment.
John Fea: How Robert Jeffress Has Changed His Tune (and why he should be ashamed of himself).
Betsy Woodruff & Lachlan Markay @ The Daily Beast: Trump's Lawyers Sharing Space With Anti-'Deep-State' Group.
Martin Cizmar @ Raw Story: John Bolton praises 'new era of freedom' under Putin in bizarre propaganda video for Russian gun group.
Jane Lytvynenko @ BuzzFeed: This Public Relations Firm Has Been Secretly Placing Articles In Conservative Publications.


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Work Place Notices
A.T. Pancrazi Insurance Staff
Douglas A. Pancrazi, CIC, CRM
Doug Pancrazi grew up in Yuma, attending Saint Francis Catholic grade school and Kofa High School before graduating from Northern Arizona University with a Bachelor of Science Degree in Marketing in 1978.
Doug obtained his Property and Casualty and Life and Health license, in addition to achieving a CIC (Certified Insurance Counselor) and CRM (Certified Risk Manager) designation. Doug is committed to continually improving his knowledge and skills to better serve his clients and community.
Doug has a long-standing commitment to the Yuma community, having served on the board of directors of the following organizations:
President of Yuma Boys & Girls Club
Director of Yuma Golf and Country Club
President of Yuma Executive Association
Director of Yuma Area Junior Golf Association
Director of Yuma Union High School Foundation
Director of Wells Fargo Yuma Community Bank
Board and a Member of the NAU Foundation - Yuma Chapter.
Mark R. Pancrazi, CIC, CRM, CRIS
Mark Pancrazi grew up in Yuma, attending Saint Francis Catholic grade school and Kofa High School before graduating from the University of Arizona with a Bachelor of Science Degree in Finance and Real Estate in 1985.
Mark obtained his Property and Casualty and Life and Health Insurance license back in 1985 and has since gone on to obtain his CIC (Certified Insurance Counselor), CRM (Certified Risk Manager) and CRIS (Construction Risk and Insurance Specialist) designations. Mark is committed to continually improving his knowledge and skills to better serve his clients and community.
Mark has a long-standing commitment to the Yuma community, having served on the board of directors of the following organizations:
Arizona Golf Association
Yuma Boys & Girls Club
Yuma County Employee Benefit Trust
Yuma County Airport Authority
Yuma Golf & Country Club
Yuma Catholic High School
Mark is currently serving on the Catholic Tuition Support Organization (CTSO) board.
Irasema Campa, CISR
Irasema Campa was born and raised in Yuma, Arizona. Irasema studied Business at Arizona Western College.
Irasema obtained her Property and Casualty license in August of 2010, her CLCS (Commercial Lines Coverage Specialist) designation and CISR (Certified Insurance Service Representative) designation and is currently working toward her CIC (Certified Insurance Counselor) designation.
Irasema supports Doug Pancrazi as an Account Manager.
Monica Schofield
Monica Schofield was born in Gilroy, California.
Monica began working at A.T. Pancrazi in 2001, achieving her Notary License and CLCS (commercial lines coverage specialist) designation through the National Alliance.
Monica manages notary bond requests and supports Elizabeth Williams & Michael Pancrazi.
Cynthia Rios, CIC, CRM
Cynthia Rios was born in Chula Vista, California. Cynthia obtained her Master of Business Administration Degree from the University of Phoenix.
Cynthia holds both Property and Casualty, and Life and Health licenses. In addition, she has received the CIC (Certified Insurance Counselor) designation from the National Alliance.
Cynthia supports Mark Pancrazi and also an office manager overseeing all accounting and human resources duties.
Heather Pool, CISR, CIC
Heather Pool, was born and raised in Yuma, Arizona.
Heather holds a Property and Casualty license. She also obtained her CISR (Certified Insurance Sales Representative) designation and CIC (Certified Insurance Counselor) designation through the National Alliance.
Heather supports Doug Pancrazi.
Thelinda Loveless
Thelinda Loveless was born in Midland, Texas.
She has been working in the insurance industry for over 15 years and attends various property and casualty continued education classes.
Thelinda coordinates mail processing, reception and customer service support.
Michael Pancrazi, CLCS
Michael was born and raised in Yuma and attended college at the University of Arizona where he graduated with a bachelor's degree in business marketing. Michael obtained his Property and Casualty Producer License and completed The Hartford School of Insurance Commercial Lines Development Program earning a CLCS (Commercial Lines Coverage Specialist) designation.
Michael is involved with the following community organizations:
The University of Arizona Alumni YumaCats Chapter
Yuma Rotary
Michael works as a Commercial Insurance Producer.
350 W. 16th Street, Suite 103
Yuma AZ 85364
Follow @atpinsurance
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text:
Lycium acutifolium är en potatisväxtart som beskrevs av Ernst Meyer. Lycium acutifolium ingår i släktet bocktörnen, och familjen potatisväxter. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Bocktörnen
acutifolium


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Home > Net News > Luke Bryan Wraps Successful CMT Tour
Luke Bryan Wraps Successful CMT Tour
CAPITOL RECORDS/NASHVILLE Artist LUKE BRYAN just put the wraps on his "CMT ON TOUR: LUKE BRYAN Tailgates & Tanlines," performing in 22-cities with opening acts, CURB artist LEE BRICE and RCA's JOSH THOMPSON and CMT's "Next Superstar" winner MATT MASON. It was the 10th year of "CMT ON TOUR," with CMT calling it, "the most successful to date."
"This year, we witnessed one of the most successful tours in the now 10-year history of CMT ON TOUR, with LUKE playing to packed houses every night," said LESLIE FRAM, Senior Vice President Of Music Strategy, CMT. "He is an undeniable talent and over-delivered on his promise to entertain, evident by watching the crowd dance and sing along to every song."
CONNIE HUNT of THE ARENA in CORBIN, KENTUCKY added, "I have to say with 20 years in this business I was blown away by LUKE BRYAN. It caught me off guard; his live show is just incredible. He did not stop the energy level from the time he hit the stage and he had the crowd in the palm of his hand and kept them on their feet! The screaming reminded me of old BEATLES performance footage. He is the talk of the town as he has wowed everyone including me. I don't write many quotes, if ever, about watching an artist perform but to borrow a line from MARK KNOPFLER (song) 'this young man's future's so bright he's definitely gonna have to wear shades."
During a two-week break of the CMT ON TOUR, BRYAN took his "Farm Tour" to six cities and played for over 42,000 fans, raising funds for local college scholarships in each of the cities he performed.
To watch a clip of the CMT TOUR, and see BRYAN perform his single "I Don't Want This Night To End," click here.


Early this November I did a beach wedding in Santa Monica, a complete dream come true. California gave us a beautiful day to celebrate Christina and Anouh's wedding. Get a glimpse of the event with this Video Montage.
Christina and Anouh have incredible chemistry. You only need to take a quick glance at them to know they're utterly and unbelievably in love. It helped that I knew a lot about them as Christina and I are actually old childhood friends. I hadn't seen her in 10 years until her wedding, and it was a a really fun way to have a small reunion. Several of our other grade school friends were there as well. It was so nice to see everyone! You can see an image of us all the way at the end of this blog post.
They rented a house to get ready in (and for the couple to stay in of course) to give us a nice homey start to the day. When we made our way over to the venue, Annenberg Community Beach House providing us a gorgeous backdrop for such a meaningful affair. The sun shone down on a stunning porch ceremony followed by a reception in the Beach House. As great as the location was, nothing could compare to the atmosphere created by the couple and their families and friends. They were an incredibly welcoming group with a ton of energy, you could feel the love in the air!
I couldn't be happier for Christina and Anouh, they deserve the best and I think they got it on their special day. Please scroll down to see some of the images from their beautiful California wedding, or go back to the top of this blog post to see even more images wrapped into a video.
Thanks Vanessa Knapp for second shooting and doing a wonderful job!
Here were are! 6 old friends from grammar school days.
Of course we had to rent a convertible when we were out in California. (That's the only way to do it) Having the car allowed us to really explore the area. Without any set plans, Vanessa and I ventured over to Venice Beach, Santa Monica, the Hollywood sign, West Hollywood, Beverly Hills, Mulholland Drive and even took the convertible down to San Diego for a day. We created memories that I will never forget. Below are some quick snapshots that I took with my Iphone.
Here's me in our hot ride (mustang convertible) . . . .
Our hotel was in Venice Beach and the first day we took a walk along the boardwalk and pier. This shot took took me several attempts of sneaking up on random seagulls and trying to capture the perfect moment of them taking off. It was a pretty funny sight to see.
Watching these surfers in Venice Beach was quite inspiring and makes me really want to try it sometime. When I took this photo of people enjoying the sunshine, it was snowing for the first time back in Chicago.
Here is Vanessa and I at Venice Beach. She was my second photographer for the trip as well as a good friend of mine.
We spent a day in Hollywood and checked out the sign as well as randomly finding this observatory that overlooked the whole city.
Vanessa and I both had never been to San Diego but have heard wonderful things so we spent an entire day driving south and experiencing it for ourselves. With the help of my friends from social media, we checked out all the places that they suggested and loved it.
As I am typing this, it's 30 degrees and snowing in Chicago. Can I go back to this happy place, please???


Camila Cabello's New Year's Resolution? Slay as a solo artist.
The former Fifth Harmony member, whose "Havana" is still lighting up Billboard charts, announced Tuesday (December 5) that her long-awaited solo debut album will drop in January, and she said the path to its release has been a long one.
Cabello added that she's decided to make the album self-titled to signal her growth.
Fans can get two new songs "Never Be The Same" and "Real Friends," with a preorder, which will be available December 7.


who has been talking with me about her recent single, Lose Myself, and how that came together. I ask her about her Trinidadian heritage and how that affects her music; which albums she holds dearest and what she has planned for this year.
The songwriter recommends some approaching artists to look out for and looks back at a busy 2018; how she chills away from music and which artists she'd support on tour if she could – she ends the interview by selecting a new track.
Hi, Teri Eloise. How are you? How has your week been?
Hi. I'm great. Thanks for asking. My week has been pretty busy. I've been working on a lot of music and planning some new stuff for the near future!
Yes, of course. My name is Teri Eloise. I'm twenty-one-years-old, born in the U.K. and raised in Trinidad and Tobago. I'm a singer, songwriter; producer and a visual artist. Basically, all I do is create!
How did Lose Myself come together? Is it based on personal experiences?
When I started writing Lose Myself, I wasn't really planning on writing what would be my next single. At the time, I was quite lost, trying to figure out myself and my future and I was dealing with some conflicted feelings. I remember one night there was so much going on in my head, so I thought why not write down some of these thoughts and feelings to help get some clarity and ease my mind? I played a chord progression that I was working on and the words started pouring out along with a melody.
The song pretty much wrote itself. I didn't really know what I wanted Lose Myself to sound like either; I just started playing around on the keys and layering it with instruments and sounds that I thought sounded good. It's one of the first songs in which I took such a big role in producing, so it's something I'm very proud of and it's always going to be an extremely special song to me.
Definitely. I'm working on a lot of new music right now. I've also got a couple collaborations that might be happening and then, of course, once I have more music out I'm going to start doing some live shows. It's all really exciting!
How do songs form and come to mind? Do you spend time specifically writing or wait for inspiration to hit?
It really depends on my mood or the weight of my emotions - or if I'm extremely under pressure! Usually, lyrics would pop up in my head at the most random times and I'd have to jot them down in my phone so I don't forget. With that, I'd have some lyrics or a concept to expand on. A lot of times, I'd work on the music first and then start writing. Whatever comes naturally.
Do you feel your Trinidadian heritage is important regarding your sound and how you approach music?
Absolutely. Growing up, I was surrounded by so many different kinds of music - I listened to everything from Calypso, Soca; Reggae to my dad's old Heavy-Metal L.P.s, to my mum's old-school R&B C.D.s - and the list goes on. The music and culture of Trinidad & Tobago is so vibrant and rich; it's influenced my artistry a lot but not to the point where I'd limit myself to one sort of sound.
I think, growing up, listening to so many different genres...t real- ly helped expand my musical knowledge to the point where I just love incorporating elements of different genres into my music.
When you were growing up, which artists guided and compelled you to get into the business?
Growing up, I really admired artists like Bob Marley, Michael Jackson; John Lennon and many more but I chose those three names because not only did they have incredible music; they had a message of peace and love. It taught me at a young age how much good you can do with music. That heavily inspired me to get into the business and take music more seriously.
2018 has just ended. How do you think it went and what was the most important lesson you learned?
2018, for me personally, was the year of taking a step back and just healing. I spent a lot of time on my own; sort of learning to enjoy my own company and learning how to love myself more… and the outcome was great because I released two songs that represent my growth!
Working in the studio and bringing my music to life. Those are always the most special musical moments for me. Ten.
The first one would be Michael Jackson's Thriller. I remember getting the 25th Anniversary Edition when I was ten-years-old and listening to it every single day. It's definitely influenced my style and it's an album that inspires me to this day.
Chapter II by Ashanti and Dangerously in Love by Beyoncé were two other really special albums to me. My granddad actually got them as a present for my sister and I which makes it even more special. Those were two albums that were always on-repeat when I was younger and inspired me a lot musically and vocally.
It would be so cool supporting someone like Rihanna. My rider would probably be really simple and boring like water, some food; maybe a humidifier, some peppermint tea…I have no idea!
Yes. It is being discussed! Right now, I'm so focused on the creative side of things like writing and recording more music. So, when I have a few more songs out this year, live shows are definitely going to happen.
Stay true to yourself and to be honest in your music. Don't compare yourself to others because this is your journey. Also, just have fun and remember why you started! It's a lot of work but, if it's your passion, it definitely won't feel like it.
I'm always making music these days so it's a hard one to answer, but recently I've been enjoying cooking a lot…I love learning new things, acquiring new skills. I also love spending my time with the family, having drinks with friends; just trying to stay calm and enjoy my youth!
I'd love it if you played Dancing with a Stranger by Sam Smith and Normani!


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CORE and CORE System Trust (CST)
CST supports the free but copyright CORE (Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation) instruments.
The CORE System and CST
About CORE and CST
History of CORE and CST
Contact CE/CST
Information about the CORE-OM
CORE-SF/A information
CORE-SF/B information
CORE-10 information
CORE-5 information
GP-CORE information
YP-CORE information
LD-CORE information
CORE-A Therapy Assessment Form (TAF) information
CORE-A End of Therapy (EoT) information
Approved YP-CORE translations
Approved CORE-OM translations
Argentine Spanish
Basque/Euskera translations
BSL (British Sign Language)
Farsi (Dari/Persian)
Spanish CORE
Welsh/Cymraeg
Are the instruments really free?
How do I interpret LD-CORE scores?
Gender classification in CORE instruments
Site status update
Site development log
GPDR compliance and general update on CORE/CST work
Update on CST work by me (Chris Evans)
CST, CORE and the UK "Brexit" vote
The CORE-OM and the h-index
What's in a name (2): domains, scales, scores, factors & dimensions
Sign up for CORE System Trust updates
Created for original site 1/1/2015, last updated 11/8/19, author CE, licence: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) .
As noted elsewhere, the CORE-SF/A, with the CORE-SF/B, were the only short forms alongside the CORE-OM in the suite of instruments at the launch of the system in 1998. At that time we recognised that practitioners working with children and adolescents would not find those measures appropriate for their clientèle except at the upper end of the teen age range and hoped to produce a measure usable down to about twelve years of age.
Change over ages
We have always recognised that there is no precise age below which self-report measures become unreliable. Similarly, there is no definite age in the teens when adult measures become more appropriate than ones specially designed for teens. In fact we feel sure that there is great individual variation in appropriateness, so what is best for one 18 year old may not be best for another and what is usable for one 11 year old may not be usable for another. We need much more empirical exploration of these issues.
Development of the YP-CORE
As with the development of the adult oriented instruments, there was great support for a measure for young people from the practitioner group. An early attempt, "teen-CORE" was abandoned when it became clear that more substantial changes from the CORE-OM template were needed and, after a lot of work by many people, with particular input from Professor Mick Cooper, the 10 item YP-CORE was the result. All the items map from CORE-OM items but almost all have been reworded to improve fit to the age group (and the selection of items was obviously tuned by work with practitioners and clients to the age group). There are no domain scores and prorating of up to one missing item is appropriate.
The canonical reference to the YP-CORE, with some initial psychometric exploration in UK clinical and non-clinical samples using the English version is:
Twigg, E., Barkham, M., Bewick, B. M., Mulhern, B., Connell, J., & Cooper, M. (2010). The Young Person's CORE: Development of a brief outcome measure for young people. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research: Linking Research with Practice, 9, 160 – 168. http://doi.org/10.1080/14733140902979722.
A much more detailed paper on the English YP-CORE based on significantly larger samples has since been published:
Twigg, Elspeth, Mick Cooper, Chris Evans, Elizabeth S. Freire, John Mellor-Clark, Barry McInnes, and Michael Barkham. 2016. 'Acceptability, Reliability, Referential Distributions, and Sensitivity to Change of the YP-CORE Outcome Measure: Replication and Refinement'. Child and Adolescent Mental Health 21 (2): 115–23. doi:10.1111/camh.12128.
This showed that the psychometric properties alter by both age and gender. The differences are not huge but they are entirely congruent with the huge changes, many of them gender related, going on in adolescence. They are also of sufficient magnitude to need different Jacobson & Truax type "Clinically Significant Change" cutting points for 11-13 and 14-16 year olds, and different ones for the males and females. As I'm a co-author on that paper and did the analyses, I think I can send a copy to anyone who wants one for their own personal use so contact me asking for a copy or with any other questions or comments about the YP-CORE.
Emily Blackshaw's PhD and developing an international YP-CORE network
Working with myself, Prof. Mick Cooper and Dr. Gina Pauli in the University of Roehampton's CREST research unit, Emily is doing her PhD around the YP-CORE and she has created a ResearchGate project page for this YP-CORE: Psychometric properties and utility. Do click on that (should open in a new tab) and sign up to follow that (I think you'll have to sign up with ResearchGate but that's free). Emily's focus is mainly on the YP-CORE in English and in the UK but we're very interested to link up with others using the YP-CORE anywhere and, with Vera Gergov who led the translation of the YP-CORE into Finnish, and with Aileen O'Reilly of the excellent Jigsaw service for young people in Ireland and others who have translated the YP-CORE or are working on or planning that, we're hoping to start an international YP-CORE network in 2018.
Paying attention to live events and stressors impinging during therapies
Emily and I are particularly interested in the psychometrics of the YP-CORE (and other measures) when they are used frequently and often as in the current enthusiasm for measures to be completed weekly during therapy. One thing that concerned us is that intercurrent events and stressors are usually simply rolled into the "noise"/"error" component when change is modelled and that seems simply wrong so we're looking into this and have had a paper reviewing this for the field of therapies with young people accepted. If you're signed up to the CST announcements Email list you'll be among the first to know when that paper is published. Sign up information is in the footer at the bottom of all pages on this site.
Download the English language PDF of the YP-CORE using link below, for other languages, read on further below.
Broken: coming shortly. Meanwhile contact me for a copy.
Translations of the YP-CORE
Good authorised translations to our translation policy and procedure have been completed for the YP-CORE: see here.
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Most of my group of tight buddies (and of course all the boys in the family) like Björk — a lot. Personally, I like both the tormented lyrics and the music.
So when Jason sent me a link to the "latest technology—the ReacTable" that is said to be used by Björk in performance, it was novel but also reminded me of a little toy that my sister-in-law's kids have had for about a year now.
The toy is made by Zizzle and is called ZoundZ. It consists of an electronic base unit (I'll call it the platform) with speaker, and a bunch of chess-like pieces that you can position, up to three at a time, on the platform. The pieces contain RFID chips (I'm assuming based on looking thru their translucent skins) and the platform contains three RFID readers and variable color/intensity lights under the skin at each of those three positions. So when you place a piece on a sensor, a sound loop is triggered. Moving the same piece from one sensor to another changes its effect. There seem to be about three or four different loops that each specific piece plays, for each of the three sensors – a single chip can account for maybe 12 different loops, depending on where you set it down. There's a somewhat random selection algorithm that determines which loop plays out of the four when you place a piece on a sensor. The ZoundZ has six "fixed" chips plus a seventh that can be "recorded" with its own custom sound loop. The fixed chips correspond to "strings" "percussion" "bang on a can" and other instrument families.
The ReacTable also reminds me that I will be blogging about the newly-announced MicroSoft Surface (called a TablePC by some) soon!


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Q: excel vba: fill another column with color if this column is not null how to write code in vba if I want the another column to fill with yellow color when one column is not null?
For example:
if A1,A3,A8,A100 is not null:
fill background of B1,B3,B8,B100 into yellow color

If a loop is used would be great because my actual case have 7000 cells to fill instead of 4

A: Option Explicit

Sub ColorColA()

    Dim ws As Worksheet
    Dim lastrow As Long, cell As Range

    Set ws = ThisWorkbook.Sheets("Sheet1")
    lastrow = ws.Range("B" & Rows.Count).End(xlUp).Row
    For Each cell In ws.Range("A1:A" & lastrow)
        If IsEmpty(cell) Then
            cell.Offset(0, 1).Interior.Color = RGB(255, 255, 0) 'yellow
        Else
            cell.Offset(0, 1).Interior.Pattern = xlNone ' remove color
        End If
    Next
    MsgBox lastrow & " rows scanned", vbInformation

End Sub

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Audio visual productions make up the Colour Show. Members produce digital photography sequences and back them with appropriate music, sound effects and narration. The subjects offer considerable variety; holiday to humour and documentary to dramatic landscapes. Members who don't produce their own audio visual sequences are encouraged to submit photographs that are mixed into miscellanies that add to the variety.
Hailsham Community Centre will seat up to two hundred and has good sound reproduction to enhance the viewing using state of the art projection equipment. The show will last a little over two hours with a break for refreshments, and opportunities to meet the charity representatives, view a print exhibition and converse with other members of the audience.
Hailsham Photographic Society has produced the Annual Colour Show for more than fifty years as one of two annual events that invite the local community to experience members photography. Proceeds from the Show support a local charity and Society events.
A measure of the success of the show is in the number of people returning each year.


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Home Entertainment Ready To Love Season 6: When Is It Coming? Find Out Here
Entertainment News TV Shows
Ready To Love Season 6: When Is It Coming? Find Out Here
It's not easy to find love in today's world; thus, Oprah Winfrey Network's Ready To Love is making it easier for the couple. The fifth season of the dating reality series concluded last month. But fans have a concern as to when it is coming back with Ready To Love Season 6.
OWN's Ready To Love is a dating reality series that initially premiered in 2018. The show features candidates who are keen to meet other individuals and potentially find someone to bond with after reaching financial success.
Ready To Love Season 6: Is It Renewed?
OWN premiered the fifth season of Ready To Love on January 28, 2022, and the season ended on May 6, 2022. Meanwhile, talking about Ready To Love Season 6, there has yet to be an official notification from the network about the series' renewal. However, because the fifth season finished only three days ago, supporters need not be anxious.
Considering the immense fanbase, we are almost certain that the show will be back for the installment. However, nothing can be said about when that will happen as of now. Thus, fans will have to keep being optimistic and wait for the show's return.
What To Expect From Ready To Love Season 6?
The dating reality show follows a set pattern in each of its seasons. It tries to provide the participants with what they came looking for in the show. Many participants establish friends with their other participants in addition to finding a wonderful romantic companion. In each episode, men and women alternate, taking turns to eliminate a member of the other gender from contention.
As the season goes on, couples develop and use their time on the program to get to know one another better. However, not all romances end happily, and although some do, others might leave you sad. When the series returns with Ready To Love Season 6, it is likely to follow the same format. The upcoming season will be full of drama and romance, much like the bygone seasons. So fans are looking forward to the sixth season.
Who Will Feature In Ready To Love Season 6?
Steve Harvey's nephew Thomas Miles serves as the host of OWN's Ready To Love. he has done a fantastic job as the show's host. Therefore, when the series returns with Ready To Love Season 6, we can expect him to return and carry on his duties as the host of the show and keep entertaining us. In the past, Tommy has also been the co-host on'The Steve Harvey Morning Show' with his uncle Steve Harvey.
The competitors for a possible sixth season of the program will almost certainly be picked from the region where filming takes place. In general, the series' participants have all been monetarily sound singles in their 30s and 40s. The show's probable next incarnation is expected to follow the same trend in terms of finding those yearning for genuine connections.
Also Read Love Island Season 8: First Look And Contestants Revealed! Know What's Next


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Suzy Welch: The rules have changed—here's when to discuss salary in a job interview
PUBLISHED: Tue, 06 Aug 2019 16:19:46 GMT
By Courtney Connley
Traditionally, candidates have been advised to broach the topic of salary only after a job offer is on the table.
But bestselling management author and CNBC contributor Suzy Welch says that the rules have changed: In today's economy, it's completely acceptable to discuss salary up front.
Welch tells CNBC Make It it all comes down to "simple economics."
"Obviously, not all regions and industries are hot," she says. "But in general, hiring managers are sweating bullets these days. Good candidates are hard to find and even harder to land."
The upside to today's tight job market, Welch says, is that "job seekers have leverage, which means you can ask about money when you want — even in the first conversation." This also means that both the job seeker and the hiring manager are free to "make sure you're on the same page before you slog through three or four interviews, only to find out you're moneybags apart."
But these new rules don't mean that job seekers should say whatever they want — language, tone and approach are still important.
"Jerks still have a hard time getting hired," Welch says. "Try something like, 'This job sounds fantastic and I'm very excited about it. Could you just help me understand the salary range so we can make sure we're aligned before moving forward?'"
Welch emphasizes that "no economic boom goes on forever, and someday, when tough times return, so may this taboo." But until that happens, she says, there's no reason not to be up-front about your expectations from the beginning.
"Go ahead and talk money early. You know you want to, and at last, for now and nicely, you can."
Suzy Welch is the co-founder of the Jack Welch Management Instituteand a noted business journalist, TV commentator and public speaker. Think you need Suzy to fix your career? Email her at [email protected]
This article first appeared on CNBC https://www.cnbc.com/2019/08/05/suzy-welch-heres-when-to-discuss-salary-in-a-job-interview.html and is republished with its permission.


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Royal Mail Go Rock 'n' Roll
By Jess Grant on Thursday, 14th January 2010 at 10:00 am
Royal Mail have gone all rock 'n' roll on us this new year and have just released a collection of 10 special stamps, each which feature a classic album cover. The final designs were nailed down by Royal Mail after intense musical research and have even been given the nod of approval by the Queen of England herself. The set of stamps showcase some of the greatest British records of the last forty years, and while there has been some controversy over the selections (Where's 'Dark Side of the Moon'? Apparently, it was "too black." And erm, no Oasis?), the pretty impressive ten which did make the collection are:
The Rolling Stones – 'Let it Bleed'
Mike Oldfield – 'Tubular Bells'
David Bowie – 'The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars'
The Clash – 'London Calling'
Pink Floyd – 'The Division Bell'
Led Zeppelin – 'IV'
New Order – 'Power, Corruption and Lies'
Primal Scream – 'Screamadelica'
Blur – 'Parklife'
Coldplay (pictured above) – 'A Rush of Blood to the Head'
From Delia Smith's famous cake that appears on the Stones' 'Let it Bleed', to the colour explosion that is 90's classic 'Screamadelica' by Primal Scream, to the infamous image of Paul Simonon smashing his bass on 'London Calling', it is certainly a varied, yet well chosen collection, embracing contemporary classics as well as the golden oldies. If that's not enough, to add a nice touch, a vinyl peeks out the corner of each design, reminding us of the bygone beauty of records.
Led Zep legend Jimmy Page is already a fan of the special edition stamps, appearing at the launch of the collection last week. At the unveiling he spoke of the famous 'IV' artwork, claiming, "almost 40 years after the album came out, nobody knows the old man who featured on the cover, nor the artist who painted him."
The Royal Mail rock 'n' roll stamps are in official circulation across Britain now, so be sure to get writing those snail mail letters and collect your favourite ones today (hopefully we don't sound like a cheesy tv ad). Learn more over at Royal Mail's Web site.
Live Review: Savoir Adore with Santah and Royal Canoe at Rock 'n' Roll Hotel, Washington DC – 20th October 2012
Primal Scream headline 2008 NME Rock 'N' Roll Riot Tour
Album Review: Kid Rock – Rock n Roll Jesus
NME Rock n Roll Tour 2007
Live Review: Maximo Park with Eternal Summers at Rock 'n' Roll Hotel, Washington DC – 20th May 2014
Tags: blur, Coldplay, davidbowie, ledzepplin, neworder, PrimalScream, royalmail, stamps


Please be aware that parking at our office is very limited. Allow yourself extra time prior to your visit.
Consider walking, public transit, taxi service or parking in the nearby public park north of our office (along Old Yonge Street). Short term parking may also be available on nearby side streets.


Massey University is proposing to cut 53 jobs across its three campuses in Palmerston North, Wellington, and Albany. Under the proposals, 120 current positions, mostly general staff, including computer support staff, administrators, teaching consultants and student advisors, would be cut and 67 new positions created. Most current staff whose positions are cut will be able to apply and compete for the new positions. As with the University of Canterbury's Project STAR, the proposals also aim to bring a range of services currently managed in different parts of the university under a single management structure.
This week staff unions were notified of the proposal, as required under the Massey University Collective Employment Agreement. The 201 staff members whose roles are affected by the proposal – either because their roles are to be disestablished or reporting lines changed – received letters yesterday outlining the proposed changes.
The university now will begin a period of consultation on these proposals, which will end on 18 August. Massey anticipates announcing its final decisions by about 23 August.
Mr Jones is concerned that Massey has signalled that there will be more restructuring with the potential for further job losses in other areas, such as academic services and administration.
"Staff in these areas now face a further period of job uncertainty," he said.
Over the next seven weeks TEU will be working with members affected under the current Massey University proposals, in the hope of reducing the number of jobs cut and to assist those members who choose to do so, to move into new positions.
TEU members covered by the ITP MECA finally have a proposed terms of settlement for their collective employment agreement to ratify. Union members are in the process of voting.


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What is a zero-day exploit?
Zero-day exploit - the definition
This form of exploit is named after the lack of warning time for developers. They thus have zero days to find a fix for a vulnerability that criminals are already exploiting. So the moment developers become aware of the vulnerability in their system, cyberattacks are already running through that gap.
In many cases, cyberattacks are also the way developers discover such zero-day gaps. A second possibility is that so-called white-hat hackers find the vulnerability and inform the developer directly. White-hat hackers are people who actively search for gaps in software, but do not use found vulnerabilities for criminal activities, but inform the developers.
The three different zero-day terms
In the beginning, there is the zero-day vulnerability. This is a vulnerability in software or hardware that is not yet known to the manufacturer. Consequently, no patch is available to close the gap. Accordingly, all products in which the component containing the vulnerability is integrated are affected.
The zero-day vulnerability becomes an exploit, when hackers have discovered the gap. The attackers know how to exploit the vulnerability and have found an attack vector to compromise third-party systems. A specific attack is then called a zero-day attack.
Why are zero-day exploits so dangerous?
The danger of these exploits is based on the defenselessness of the targets. On the one hand, attacks through this particular attack vector are unknown. Secondly, all systems are vulnerable because there is no patch for the vulnerability from the developer yet.
Accordingly, a race against time begins for the developers with the first zero-day attack. The task is to identify the vulnerability as quickly as possible, find out how the attackers trick the system, and then close the vulnerability with a patch.
Zero-day security vulnerabilities pose another danger as well: Hacker groups that have knowledge of such a vulnerability and exploit it to their advantage have a vested interest in keeping this attack vector secret for as long as possible. Even when a successful cyberattack is discovered, it is often not clear at first glance which route the attackers took. It is the task of IT forensics to uncover the gateway and the specific modus operandi of the attackers. In the course of such investigations, it sometimes happens that IT forensic experts identify a previously unknown gap in a system.
The danger of these vulnerabilities is multiplied by the fact that all users of an affected system are potential victims. In the case of known gaps that have been closed by the developer via patches, the potential victim group is minimized very quickly. All IT managers who keep their systems up-to-date and apply security patches promptly are safe from such attacks. In the case of zero-day security vulnerabilities, on the other hand, there is no protection through patches.
Even if the zero-day vulnerability has already been made public by the developer, there is an increased risk until a patch is available. If companies deploy an affected piece of software or hardware, their options are limited. Securing the vulnerable system is usually not possible unless a workaround is available. Then the only option is to temporarily shut down the compromised system. If this is a business-critical platform, this disrupts the company's operations. However, continued operation carries the risk that a cyberattack can be launched at any time.
What kind of attacks are possible via zero-day vulnerabilities?
Another factor that makes zero-day attacks so dangerous is the broad spectrum of possible cyberattacks. Basically, it is impossible to predict which attack techniques and consequences are imminent. This is due to the fact that zero-day gaps are quite different. In some cases, the gaps are located in critical areas of the network infrastructure or only very specific program components are affected. Accordingly, it is possible that a zero-day vulnerability allows access to specific data in a closed system such as a database. It is equally possible that a zero-day attack could allow the hackers to take control of the network or deliver any malicious software. Thus, attacks with ransomware including the encryption of data in the network and an extortion are also among the likely scenarios. At first glance, completely inconspicuous, but equally dangerous, are zero-day gaps that criminals exploit for espionage. Attackers may then have unnoticed access to internal data. In practice, this state has lasted for weeks or even months.
Who is exploiting zero-day vulnerabilities for cyberattacks?
This question also cannot be answered in a generalized way. The entire spectrum is represented here, from common criminals and actors with economic interests to state institutions.
In addition, there are trading centers for such security breaches on the darknet. Here, savvy hackers meet financially powerful buyers who have a wide variety of goals. The hackers earn enormous sums and have great skill in finding such loopholes. Intelligence agencies and the military also buy information about such zero-day vulnerabilities in order to prepare for a cyberwar or actively infiltrate networks.
Accordingly, attackers used tools for zero-day attacks in different ways. Zero-day attacks are used, for example, in the context of espionage. In this way, attackers steal internal information from companies and other organizations, often undetected over a long period of time. States infiltrate networks of other countries and spy on or lay access points for launching full-scale attacks in the event of a cyberwar. The classic cybercriminals, on the other hand, primarily try to gain control of networks or deploy malware such as ransomware in the hacked systems.
Examples of zero-day attacks
Unfortunately, zero-day vulnerabilities are not uncommon. In recent years, such incidents have occurred time and again. The companies affected include the giants of the IT industry, which shows that such gaps can potentially be found in any system.
For example, in early 2021, a zero-day vulnerability was identified in the Chrome browser. On January 24, the vulnerability became public knowledge. It took until February 4 for developers to update the browser to close the vulnerability.
The Log4Shell vulnerability, which was discovered in December 2021, gained notoriety. This is particularly explosive because all versions since 2013 are affected and Log4Shell is part of numerous systems. Since some very old hardware and software have the vulnerability, it is unlikely that updates will be released for all systems. The zero-day vulnerability therefore remains active in these affected platforms.
What defenses are available against zero-day exploits?
Fortunately, companies and IT managers of networks are not completely defenseless against zero-day attacks. On the one hand, there are no official patches that protect against such zero-day vulnerabilities. Antivirus software and similar programs also offer no protection against the actual attacks, because the attack patterns are unknown. On the other hand, modern IT security technology has some tools up its sleeve that can detect zero-day attacks.
An important defense against such attacks from unknown directions and unpredictable vectors are systems for early attack detection. Meanwhile, such solutions have become a significant part of IT security. Early attack detection is based on software that actively monitors all activities on the network in real time. This includes user logins, connection IP addresses, data transfers and many other actions. The software draws on log data, such as that recorded by databases, routers and other systems. With the help of artificial intelligence, these programs learn what activities are normal in a network. They then detect unusual accesses that do not match normal accesses. This is where early attack detection shows its strength against zero-day attacks.
The Active Cyber Defense Service (ACD) from secion is such a service solution. secion provides this service via the network. Local installation or changes to the systems are therefore not necessary. secion's ACD service monitors all systems within a network, from databases to services for authentication to IoT devices at the edge of the network, and reports identified anomalies. If necessary, the secion analyst team immediately informs the responsible persons in the IT security of the company concerned. In this way, detection of attacks is possible almost in real time, before any damage is done - and without the need for enormous investments in the company's own IT department.
There are also a number of organizational measures that companies and IT managers can take in response to the threats posed by zero-day attacks. These include various measures that are part of a comprehensive IT security strategy anyway. First and foremost is a backup system. The backup must also be up-to-date, which requires making regular backups. It is also important to have at least two separate backup systems. With a full backup, systems can be restored after an attack with ransomware and encryption of data.
The second measure is to structure the network so that cyber attacks only have a local impact. Especially against a zero-day attack, this is a good defense technique. A zero-day vulnerability is located in a specific system, such as software. If this is operated in an isolated area, the extent of an attack is also limited. Suitable measures include virtual servers, containers and role-based access control.
Conclusion on zero-day exploits
Vulnerabilities in software are one of the biggest challenges for IT security. Zero-day gaps are even a notch more dangerous. Even with a perfect update routine and an optimally trained workforce, it is impossible for IT managers to anticipate and thus prevent zero-day attacks. For this reason, additional mechanisms are needed to act as quickly as possible in the event of such an attack and prevent worse. This requires active measures such as a system for early attack detection and appropriate structuring of the network. These methods can significantly minimize the threat posed by zero-day attacks.


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Construction accidents: Crane drops load that kills 1, injures 1
On Behalf of The Law Offices of Millon & Peskin, Ltd. | Oct 24, 2018 | Construction Accidents |
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration says it has launched an investigation into an incident in Illinois that claimed the life of one worker and caused serious injuries to a co-worker. This appears to be one of the many preventable construction accidents that claim workers' lives each year. According to a police report, emergency services were called to a construction site in Evanston on a Tuesday morning earlier this month.
Police and firefighters rushed to the building site where a nine-story apartment complex is under construction. The only available information about the circumstances of the accident is that the two workers were unloading a steel column from a truck with the help of a crane. For unknown reasons, the steel beams moved out of position and dropped onto the two workers below.
A 55-year-old worker was rushed to a local hospital in a critical condition, but he succumbed to his injuries later. The second worker, a 28-year-old man, became trapped under the massive steel beams. Reportedly, firefighters managed to extricate him before transporting him to the hospital where he underwent surgery. His condition was later reported to be stable.
Illinois families who have had to deal with fatal construction accidents that claimed the lives of their loved ones would know how difficult it is to deal with the unanticipated financial challenges at a time during which they would rather grieve their losses. This is where the support and guidance of an experienced workers' compensation attorney can be invaluable. A lawyer can deal with the navigation of death benefits claims to get compensation for end-of-life expenses and lost wages as soon as possible. The same assistance is available for injured victims who are temporarily disabled and need help with the benefits claims process.


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Q: JSON file modification with Python I'm trying to write a Python script to read data from a JSON file, do some calculations with it and then write output to a new JSON file. But I can't seem to automate the JSON reading process. I get this error. Could you please help me with this issue?
Thank you very much
print([a[0]][b[1]][c[1]])
TypeError: list indices must be integers or slices, not str

test.json
{
      "male": {
            "jack": {
                  "id": "001",
                  "telephone": "+31 2225 345",
                  "address": "10 Street, Aukland",
                  "balance": "1500"
            },
            "john": {
                  "id": "002",
                  "telephone": "+31 6542 365",
                  "address": "Main street, Hanota",
                  "balance": "2500"
            }
      },

      "female": {
            "kay": {
                  "id": "00",
                  "telephone": "+31 6542 365",
                  "address": "Main street, Kiro",
                  "balance": "500"
            }
      }
}

test.py
with open("q.json") as datafile:
    data = json.load(datafile)

    a = ['male', 'female']
    b = ['jack', 'john', 'kay']
    c = ['id', 'telephone', 'address', 'balance']

    print([a[1]][b[1]][c[1]])

A: If I understand you correctly, you really want to print data from the JSON, not your intermediary arrays.
So:
print(data['Male'])  # will print the entire Male subsection
print(data['Male']['Jack'])  # will print the entire Jack record
print(data['Male']['Jack']['telephone'])  # will print Jack's telephone

But to relate that with your intermediary arrays too:
print(data[a[0]])  # will print the entire Male subsection
print(data[a[0]][b[0]])  # will print the entire Jack record
print(data[a[0]][b[0]][c[0]])  # will print Jack's telephone

assuming that you declare a correctly:
a = ['Male', 'Female']  # Notice the capitals

A: I dont know, how you access data in your code, because you directly write hard coded values into a, b and c. In addition, you could print out your test via: print(a[1], b[1], c[1]).


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Paul Cartledge. 10 things you should know about democracy in Ancient Greece
Posted by: sc 15-02-2018 3 Comments 289 Views
Alumnus Dr Paul Cartledge ponders how democracy has been constantly reconstituted and reinvented since Ancient Greece.
We are all 'democrats' today, are we not? Well, of course not, actually, as a matter of literal fact. But democracy in its multifarious guises has been all the rage, not only in the Western world but globally, at least since US President Woodrow Wilson was so very keen on making the world 'safe for democracy'. Christian democracy, People's Democracies, the Democratic Party of the USA – it's everywhere, isn't it. But this year, 2016, has been the most extraordinary year for the practice of democracy in my own personal political experience, which goes back to 1970 in formal, voting terms (I was born in 1947, and the voting age of majority for me was 21, so 1968). First, the Breferendum of June 23rd, then the Trumpery of November 8th. In both cases, opinion polls got it very seriously wrong, even up to the point of exit polling. In both cases, popular – or populist – politics triumphed over more conventional political wisdom and practice.
My 'trade' book Democracy: A Life was published by the Oxford University Press (New York) before both those manifestations – on March 24th 2016, coincidentally my 69th birthday. I am by profession an ancient historian, a cultural historian of 'ancient Greece' during mainly the last millennium BC(E), when democracy – the word as well as the thing – first emerged, anywhere. As such, therefore, I have a particular academic interest (in both senses) in bringing to light and spreading the word about what was so special in that world that it gave birth to such a devastatingly game-changing political phenomenon.
But I am also a politically engaged public intellectual of a minor kind, so I care very much whether our contemporary democracy is properly understood and practised, and one of my preferred argumentative and pedagogical gambits (employed, for instance, at literary festivals from York to Hay to Edinburgh to Buxton to Folkestone) is to point out the seeming paradox that, although our word 'democracy' is ultimately a loan-word from ancient Greek demokratia, our democracy and the ancient Greeks' have almost nothing directly in common. It was not therefore a natural extension of normal democratic politics to hold ancient Greek-style referendums in Scotland in 2014 and in the UK as a whole in 2016 – but a direct antithesis and contradiction of them. With predictably problematic results in 2016 and for the foreseeable future, as I have myself blogged and argued in podcasts, on radio (Start the Week), and in lectures and talks to the Leicester Literary and Philosophical Society, the Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies in London, Cottingley Village College School, etc etc. The recent High Court judgement – or rather certain reactions to it – offers a rather terrifying reminder (cf. the 1930s) of how complex, precious and tender a plant representative democracy is, requiring constant vigilant tendance.
The Decalogue that follows is naturally only a (personal, very) selection, from all the many things 'you should know about democracy in ancient Greece', but I venture to claim that at least they are ten of the most important things. As I go through them, it will I hope be noticed that a keynote of the list is difference: namely, the deep and wide difference in both thought and practice between what the ancient Greeks meant by the form – or rather, forms – of democracy that they practised and any contemporary 'democracy' of our 2016 world. That, I believe, is as it should be. Comparative history works most effectively to my mind when it highlights fundamentally important contrasts in the ideas and institutions of different human cultures. But it does so most effectively of all, I would add, when one of those cultures – our own – apparently draws directly from another – that of the ancient Greeks, and yet there is in actual fact no direct continuity let alone identity of the cultural artefact – in this case, democracy – that is in question and at issue.
Demokratia, the ultimate origin of our word 'democracy', is a portmanteau abstract noun (feminine) in ancient Greek, combining the two words Demos and Kratos. Kratos meant Power, Might, Strength, Grip. (In modern Greek it is the word for 'state', as in 'the nation-state of Hellas'.) Demos is a very ancient Greek word, attested as far back as the second millennium BCE among the 'Linear B' archival clay tablets produced by the bureaucracy of the – very much not democratic – Late Bronze Age/Mycenaean kingdoms of mainland Greece and Crete. There it meant village, a local designation that persisted into classical Greek, but already in the epic poems of Homer (c. 700 BCE) it had come to mean also 'people'.
However, demos in that sense of 'people' is ambiguous and therefore ambivalent, since it could be taken to mean either i. (All) the People or ii. the Masses (the majority, specifically the poor majority) of the People. So, to use deliberately anachronistic modern analogies,demokratia might be translated/interpreted as either i. 'government of the people by the people for the people' (Abraham Lincoln at Gettysburg, 1863) or ii. 'dictatorship of the proletariat' (Karl Marx followed by V.I. Ulyanov, a.k.a. Lenin). In that ambivalence lies the explanation for the class-conscious struggles in antiquity to define and implement (or oppose) demokratia: who is/are the demos that holds and wields the kratos, and over what or whom is the kratos being held and wielded?
Most of our political vocabulary is either ancient Greek-derived: politics (from polis), anarchy, aristocracy, monarchy, oligarchy, plutocracy, tyranny … democracy. Or Latin-derived: citizens, constitution, dictator, empire, liberal, republic, state – and power and people. But there is a fundamental difference of kind between our ('liberal', 'Western') systems of 'democracy', which are representative (indirect), and all ancient Greek systems (plural: there were several types/varieties of ancient demokratia), which were direct. To an ancient Greek democrat, our systems would all count as 'oligarchy' (rule by the few): even if – and because – elected by the many, They, our elected representatives, rule instead of – as well as for – Us.
There was no single 'state' of 'ancient Greece'. Instead, there were about 1000 separate ancient Greek political states and communities (most were poleis, citizen-states), and only a minority ever practised any form of demokratia – most were most of the time more or less moderate or extreme oligarchies. Athens is the best-known and most extreme of the democracies – but there was no such single thing as 'Athenian democracy'. Athens created at least three different versions over a roughly 200-year period (508/7-322 BCE), with two very significant interruptions – anti-democratic oligarchic counter-revolutions in 411-410 and 404-403 BCE respectively.
Most known ancient Greek writers, historians and theorists were non- or even anti-democrats: e.g., Plato (very hostile, chiefly on intellectual-moral grounds – democracy was the ignorant, fickle, stupid mob of the citizenry ruling over or dictating to their social and intellectual betters), and his best and most famous pupil Aristotle (much less hostile, and more careful to discriminate between different types and degrees of democracy, but still not an ideological democrat). Conversely, the number of known ancient Greek writers, historians and theorists who were certainly ideological and/or practising democrats can be counted on the fingers of one hand: Pericles, Demosthenes, Protagoras, Democritus, possibly Herodotus … Why so?
The earliest known extant example of developed political theory is to be found in the Histories ('Enquiries' or 'Researches') of Herodotus (c. 425 BCE), in Book 3 (chapters 80-82) of a nine-book behemoth trying to explain why Greeks and Persians came to blows at the beginning of the 5th century BCE, and why the resisting Greeks had won. Herodotus's so-called 'Persian Debate' has a dramatic date of c. 522 BCE, but is quite un-historical! Its value lies in its exposition of Greek political theory, based on the perception that all forms of government are versions of just three basic types: Rule by All, Rule by Some, Rule by One. The word demokratia does not appear anywhere in the Debate, but elsewhere Herodotus makes it clear that democracy is crucially at stake throughout. The first of the three speakers, effectively a democrat, argues for a version of Rule by All, which he calls isonomia: 'equality under the laws', in his view the 'fairest of names'. As he represents it, this stands for or embodies above all the following three uniquely choiceworthy characteristics: i. the selection of all officials is done by use of the lot (election was considered oligarchic, since it favoured the rich and famous); ii. all officials are at all times responsible to the people; and iii. all major public political decisions are taken by the people (all qualified citizens) by majority decision.
The other two speakers in Herodotus's Persian debate are respectively for Rule by Some (pro-aristocracy) and Rule by One (pro-monarchy, in the form of legitimate autocracy), but they are both equally anti-Rule by All or in effect democracy, which for them was merely mob-ocracy, mob-rule. All Greeks believed in – or paid lip-service to – equality (e.g., isonomia), but they differed often radically and irreconcilably over who should count as relevantly, politically, equal. To a non- or anti-democrat, democracy was the world turned upside down: the poor (and therefore ignorant, stupid, fickle, uneducated) masses ruling over the rich (and – perhaps – well-informed, clever, sensible, educated) elite few.
Ancient Greek democrats were radical egalitarians: one citizen = one vote, regardless of birth, wealth, beauty, strength, intelligence etc. (We, in contrast, prefer weighted voting systems – except, obviously, in referendums.) Everyone should count for one, and no one for more than one – and votes were counted, sometimes but not always secretly, in mass jury-courts as well as in Assembly. (The ancient Greeks did not recognize our 'separation of powers' – between the deliberative, executive, and judicial branches of government: the People ruled equally in all three.) The Spartans, who were not democrats, voted not by ballot nor by raising their hands but by shouting – thus there was no strict one man/one vote egalitarianism in operation there.
But in one respect no ancient Greek democrat was (an) egalitarian: gender. The Greek city (polis) was a men's club: only free, legitimate adult males could be citizens (politai) with political power. Which gave rise to a (no doubt apocryphal) Spartan joke: when asked by an Athenian democrat why the Spartans didn't practise democracy, the Spartan allegedly replied – we'll introduce democracy into our public decision-making when you Athenians introduce democracy into your own homes… Athenians were notoriously sexist and patriarchal.
The changes over time in the valuation of 'democracy' – from depreciation of ancient, direct demokratia (the word as well as the thing) to upwards revaluation of indirect, representative 'democracy' today – tell a powerful story, as my Democracy: A Life tries to show:
i. there was hardly any genuine demokratia (people-power) anywhere in the Greek world after 300 BCE.
ii. demokratia came typically to mean 'republic', i.e. not-monarchy, or/and freedom from direct rule by either Greek autocrats or by Rome.
iii. Rome (first the Roman Republic, then the Empire) hated Greek-style direct democracy; the Latin for demokratia was democratia… The rule of the Roman People even under the 'free' Republic was variously mediated and in effect nullified by the power of the – aristocratic-oligarchic – Senate.
iv. the Byzantine Greeks, who called themselves 'Romans', were ruled autocratically by divinely authorised monarchs, and by the 6th century CE the term demokratia had been so devalued that it could be used to mean 'riot', a form of 'mob-rule'.
v. Not before the 17th century did the word 'democracy' start creeping back into political discourse as a potentially viable system of governance, only to be firmly and overwhelmingly rejected – by both the American and the French revolutionaries -within the largely negative reception of ancient Greek direct democracy as little better than mob-rule.
vi. Only with the invention of representative, parliamentary democracy – since then variously morphed into 'Western', 'liberal' democracy, based on universal adult suffrage – did democracy become an accepted governmental norm. It remains a fragile achievement.
Two 'lessons' may perhaps be drawn from this brief comparativist exercise.
First, the past, as L.P. Hartley (author of the novel The Go-Between) wrote, is a 'foreign country'. They (in this case the ancient Greeks) organized political ideas and their reception quite differently there.
Second, a real puzzle remains as to why and how 'democracy' – the word as well as very various and disparate versions of the thing – so rose in estimation from its late 18th century disapproval to its generalized approbation (and too often mis-appreciation) today.
Source: oxfordtoday.ox.ac.uk
democracy Greece Paul Cartledge USA 2018-02-15
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mad beaver
This is about Athenian city-state, the 10,000 free men community where two thirds of population including women are rightless. No great deal of democracy.
ann black
Reply to mad beaver
"where two thirds of population including women are rightless"
Trump would love it
mnemon
Reply to ann black
Let's give him the idea 😉 Back to the roots, so to say.


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text:
Die Landtagswahl in Niederösterreich des Jahres 1927 fand am 24. April statt. Am gleichen Tag wählte Österreich einen neuen Nationalrat, St. Pölten und Wiener Neustadt zusätzlich einen Gemeinderat.

Gewinner der Wahl war die Einheitsliste, die 38 der 60 Mandate erhielt (davon 33 die dominanten Christlichsozialen und 5 die Großdeutschen). Die Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei erhielt 21 Mandate, der aus einer Spaltung der Großdeutschen Volkspartei hervorgegangene Landbund erhielt ein Mandat.

Antretende Parteien

Es gab vier Wahlkreise, die den Vierteln des Landes entsprachen. Insgesamt bemühten sich sechs Parteien um die 60 Mandate im niederösterreichischen Landtag.

In allen vier Wahlkreisen trat eine Einheitsliste aus Christlichsozialer Partei (CS), Großdeutscher Volkspartei (GDVP), Mittelständischer Volkspartei und der nationalsozialistischen Schulzgruppe an. Auch die Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei (SDAP) und der Landbund traten bundeslandweit an.

Die Kommunistische Partei Deutsch-Österreichs (KPDÖ) trat in allen Wahlkreisen außer dem Viertel ober dem Mannhartsberg an, konnte aber keine Mandate erreichen. Weiters trat das Wahlbündnis Völkischsozialer Block (VSB), an dem die Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP-Hitlerbewegung) beteiligt war, in den Kreisen Viertel ober dem Manhartsberg und Viertel ober dem Wienerwald an. In den beiden anderen Wahlkreisen trat die NSDAP-Hitlerbewegung eigenständig an.

Ergebnis
Die Einheitsliste gewann die Wahl eindeutig mit 38 erreichten Mandaten. Gemeinsam mit den Mandaten der Großdeutschen Volkspartei gewann sie so zwei Sitze dazu. Die Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei verlor ein Mandat und erreichte 21 Sitze. Der Landbund, der durch die Abspaltung zweier Mandatare der Großdeutschen Volkspartei entstand, verlor ein Mandat und erhielt einen Sitz. Die restlichen antretenden Parteien erreichten keinen Platz im Landtag.

Bei der konstituierenden Sitzung des Landtages am 20. Mai wurde Karl Buresch als Landeshauptmann bestätigt, seine Stellvertreter wurden Josef Reither und Oskar Helmer. Als Landesräte wurden Leopold Barsch, Rudolf Beirer, Viktor Mittermann und Heinrich Schneidmadl angelobt.

Vorläufiges Wahlergebnis
Um die teilweise großen Unterschiede in den Wahlkreisen darzustellen ist nachfolgend das vorläufiges Wahlergebnis vom 26. April 1927 dargestellt.

Amtliches Endergebnis

Siehe auch
Liste der Abgeordneten zum Landtag von Niederösterreich (II. Gesetzgebungsperiode)

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

1927
Niederosterreich Landtag
27, Niederosterreich


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